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 HISTORY 
 
 DELAWARE COUNTY, 
 
 I O ^W A.. 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 A Biographical Directory of its Citizens, War Record of its Vol- 
 unteers in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, 
 Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, His- 
 tory of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map 
 of Delaware County, Constitution of the 
 United States, Miscellaneous 
 Matters, &g. 
 
 IXjXjTJSTI?,.A.TEID- 
 
 CHICAGO : 
 WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY, 
 
 SUCCESSORS TO H. F. KETT & CO. 
 
 1878. 
 
 /> 
 
IiDt*r<-fi. accordii]^' to Act oi Oonpress. in the year IS?}-, liy 
 
 THE WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY. 
 
 In the OflSce (>f the Librariaii of Congreee, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 
 V".'v\(> 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 ~r ESS than fifty years ago, Delaware County, now so densely populated and replete 
 -^-^ with all the elements of an enlightened civilization, was the undisturbed home of 
 the Sacs and' Foxes. Less than half a century has rolled into eternity since the Indian 
 title to any portion of the soil of Iowa was extinguished, and the Black Hawk Purchase 
 permitted the resistless tide of emigration Westward to flow across the Mississippi. 
 
 Only a little more than forty years have elapsed since the roving, restless Bennett 
 built the first rude log cabin and the first brave and hardy pioneers settled on the beau- 
 tiful prairies of Delaware. But these fleeting years have been full of eventful changes 
 — of history. To gather, compile and preserve that history for transmission to posterity 
 as one of the almost countless chapters in the annals of this great country, has been the 
 purpose of this work. 
 
 The task has been an arduous and responsible one. Several years had passed, after 
 the first permanent settlements by Kibbee, the Livingstons, the Nicholsons, 
 Bailey, the Keelers, Eads, Penn, Aubrey, Jackson and others, before any writ- 
 ten records were made ; indeed, prior to 1850, the records of Delaware were very incom- 
 plete and many valuable papers pertaining to that period have been lost. Of those who 
 came prior to 1842, only a few remain to greet those who now come to write their history. 
 Memories fail with the accumulating burdens of years, and events that were fresh and 
 vivid in memory ten or fifteen years ago are now so nearly forgotten that they are recalled 
 with diflSculty. 
 
 In the absence of written records, it has often occurred that diff^erent individuals 
 have given sincere and honest but nevertheless conflicting accounts of the same events, 
 and it has been a task of great delicacy to harmonize these conflicting statements and draw 
 therefi'om reasonable and approximately correct conclusions. This part of the work has 
 been performed with much care and with the single purpose of ascertaining the truth 
 and of recording events as they actually transpired. How well it has been performed 
 the reader must judge. It will be strange indeed, if, in the multiplicity of names, dates 
 and events, no errors shall be detected. The compilers do not dare hope that in all its 
 numerous and varied details, this work is absolutely correct, nor is it expected that it is 
 beyond criticism. But the publishers hope and believe that it will be found measurably 
 correct and generally accurate and reliable. Unwearied and studious care has been con- 
 stantly exercised, in the hope of making it a standard work of reference as well as a 
 volume of intere.'^t to the general reader. 
 
 Such as it shall be found, however, our work is done — our ofl'ering completed, and it 
 remains for us to tender our grateful acknowledgments to the people of Delaware County 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 for the liberal patronage that has enabled us to present them with this volume, and 
 for the courtesy and kindness almost without exception extended to our representatives 
 and agents to whom has been entrusted the work of collecting and arranging the histor- 
 ical records herein preserved to that posterity who, in the not far distant future, are to 
 take the places of the fathers and mothers of to-day, so many of whose names are 
 honorably ret-orded in the following pages. 
 
 Particularly do we desire lo express our warmest thanks to those who have so freely 
 and generously furnished so much valuable information, without whose aid the history 
 •of Delaware County would not have been so complete and accurate as it is hoped it will 
 be found to be. 
 
 To the Fathers and Mothers of the Past, and the Sons of the Present, who have 
 taken a deep interest in this work, and especially to Hon. Joel Bailey and his amiable 
 wife, Mrs. Arabella Coffin Bailey; Hon. Cumminqs Sanborn, Mayor of Man- 
 chester; Thomas TooGooD, Esq.; Ray B. GtRiffin, Esq.; Col. S. G. Van Anda ; R. 
 M. KwART, Esq., Superintendent of Schools; Dr. Joseph W. Bobbins; Rev. B. M. 
 Amsden ; Joseph S. Belknap, Esq.; S. L. Doggett, Esq.; R. W. Tirrill, Esq.; 
 Francis Bethell ; William Cattron, Esq.; L. L. Ayers, Esq.; C. C. Peers ; 
 Charles C. Lewis; Mark Whitman; Allen Love, of Manchester; Hon. Fred- 
 erick B. Doolittle ; Col. John H. Peters ; Charles W. Hobbs, Esq.; J. B. 
 Bogqs, Esq., County Auditor; J. B. Satterlee, Ex-Clerk of Courts ; Capt. J. M. HoL- 
 BROOK, County Treasurer; H. C. Jackson, Esq., Recorder of Delhi; Leroy Jack- 
 son; Henry A. Carter; Mrs. Dr. Finley ; P.H.Warner; Rev. S. Hodge, D. D.; 
 Prof Wm. Flude, of Hopkinton ; Lawrence McNamee, Esq.; Jacob B. More- 
 land, Col. Samuel G. Knee; John Platt, Esq.; Rev. E L. McNamee, of Coles- 
 burg ; Asa C. Bowen, Esq., of Sand Spring ; Roland Aubrey, Escj., of North Fork; 
 Hiram D. Wood, Esq., of Forestville; Silas Gilmore, Esq., of Greeley; Christo- 
 pher L. Flint, Esq., of Hazel Green ; Henry Baker, Esq., of Coffin's Grove ; C. B. 
 Lont, Esq.; W. M. Hefner, of Delaware ; to the Press of the County, to the minis- 
 ters and official representatives of the churches, lodges and societies, and the principals 
 and teachers of schools, this paragraph of grateful appreciation and thanks is respect- 
 fully dedicated. We are also under obligations to Hon. T. S. Wilson and P. J. QuiG- 
 LEY, Esq., Clerk of Courts of Dubuque; and to Hon. T. W. BuRDiCK, M. C. from this 
 Congressional District, for courtesies extended to our representatives. 
 
 In conclusion, we may be permitted to express the earnest hope that before two score 
 more of years have passed, other and abler pens will have gathered and recorded the 
 historical events that are to follow the close of this offering to the people of Delaware, 
 that the history of the County may be preserved unbroken from generation to gener- 
 .ation. 
 
 PUBLISHERS. 
 
 Jdnb, 1878. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 HISTORleAli 
 
 Page. 
 
 History Nurthwest Territory 19 
 
 Gecsrspliical Position 19 | 
 
 Early Explorations 20 
 
 Disco .ery of the Ohio 33 
 
 Englitih Explorations and Set- 
 
 ments 35 
 
 Ameri;an Settlements 60 
 
 Divisiitn of the Northwest Ter- 
 ritory 60 
 
 Teciimsoh and the War of 1812 70 
 Black Hawk and the Black 
 
 Hawk War 74 
 
 Other Indian Troubles 79 
 
 Present Condition of the North- 
 west 86 
 
 Chicaf;0 95 
 
 Illinoa....r. 240 
 
 Indiana 242 
 
 Iowa 243 
 
 Michiijan 244 
 
 Wisccnsin 245 
 
 Minntsota 247 
 
 Nebraska 248 
 
 History of Iowa: 
 
 Geographical Situation 109 
 
 Topography 109 
 
 Draiuage Systena 110 
 
 Kiveri! Ill 
 
 Lake? 118 
 
 Springs 119 
 
 Prairies 120 
 
 Geology 120 
 
 Climatology 137 
 
 Hiscuvery and Occupation 139 
 
 Territory 147 
 
 Indians 147 
 
 Pike's Expedition 161 
 
 Indian Wars 152 
 
 Black Hawk War 157 
 
 Indian Purchase, Keseryes and 
 
 Treaties 159 
 
 Spanish Grants 163 
 
 Half-Breed Tract. 164 
 
 Early Settlements 160 
 
 Territorial History 173 
 
 Boundary Question 177 
 
 State Orginization 181 
 
 Growth and Progress 185 
 
 Agricultural College and Farm.186' 
 
 Pace. 
 
 History of Iowa : 
 
 State University 187 
 
 State Historical Society 193 
 
 Penitentiaries 194 
 
 Insane Hospitals 195 
 
 College for the Blind 197 
 
 Deaf and Dumb Institution 199 
 
 Soldiers' Orphans' Homes 199 
 
 State Normal School 201 
 
 Asylum for Feeble Minded 
 
 Children 201 
 
 Reform School 202 
 
 Fish Hatching Establishment. .203 
 
 Public Lands 204 
 
 Public Schools 218 
 
 Political Record 223 
 
 War Record 229 
 
 Number Volunteers 233 
 
 Number Casualties — Officers. ..234 
 Number Casualties — Enlisted 
 
 Men 236 
 
 Population.... 238 
 
 History of Delaware County 331 
 
 First Election 3.37 
 
 First Marriages 341 
 
 Organization of County 342 
 
 First County Election 346 
 
 First Court House 351 
 
 First Tax 353 
 
 First Civil Case 367 
 
 First Criminal Trial 368 
 
 First Divorce Case 368 
 
 Jail and Court H()U8e..379-380- 
 
 386 and 387 
 
 New Townships 380 
 
 County Judge System 381 
 
 Great Flood 382 
 
 Township Boundaries 387 
 
 Land Case 389 
 
 Incorporation of Delhi 390 
 
 Railroad Strangled 391 
 
 Broom Corn 392 
 
 Murder in Delhi 392 
 
 Poor Farm 403 
 
 Poor House 407 
 
 County Seat Contests 408 
 
 Harvest Home 410 
 
 Miscellaneous 411 
 
 Property Statement 414 
 
 Pagk. 
 
 History of Delaware County : 
 
 Tax Statement 414 
 
 Vote 1876 415 
 
 County Officers, 1841 to 1878. ..416 
 
 Township Officers 418 
 
 Old Settlers' Society 422 
 
 Agricultural Society 424 
 
 Farmers' Institute 426- 
 
 Patrons of Husbandry 427 
 
 Sabbath School Association 428 
 
 Post Offices and Postmasters. ..428 
 Fire and Lightning Insurance 
 
 Company 431 
 
 . Dairy System 432 
 
 Nurseries 434 
 
 War Record 435 
 
 Educational 459 
 
 Bowen Collegiate Institute 462 
 
 Railroads 468 
 
 Press 471 
 
 Medical Society 475 
 
 Musical Society 476 
 
 Bible Society 477 
 
 History of Towns: 
 
 Manchester 477 
 
 Delhi 514 
 
 Earlville 520 
 
 Delaware 525 
 
 Greeley 530 
 
 C desburg and Colony 533 
 
 Hopkinton 537 
 
 Sand Spring 543 
 
 Forestville 547 
 
 Almoral 549 
 
 Rockville 5.51 
 
 Hartwick 552 
 
 Delaware Township 553 
 
 Masonville 554 
 
 Cotfin's Grove Township 555 
 
 Yankee Settlement 556 
 
 Hazel Green 557 
 
 Delaware Center 558 
 
 Petersburg 559 
 
 Millheim 560 
 
 York 560 
 
 Elk Township .561 
 
 Bremen Township 561 
 
 Too Lates 561 
 
 Page. 
 
 Mouth of the Mississippi 21 
 
 Source nf the Mississippi 21 ' 
 
 Wild Prairie 23 
 
 La Sail ■ Landing on the Shore of 
 
 Green Bay 25 
 
 Buffalo Hunt 27 
 
 Trapiiiii^' 29 \ 
 
 Huntlni; 32 
 
 Iroquois Chief , 34 I 
 
 Pontiac.the Ottawa Chieftain 43 , 
 
 Indians Attacking Frontieremen.. 56 i 
 A Prairie StorU! 59 
 
 IL-IillSTRATIONS. 
 
 Pake. 
 
 A Pioneer Dwelling 61 | 
 
 Breaking Prairie , 63 ! 
 
 Tecumseh, the Shawnoe Chieftain.. 69 
 
 Indians Attacking a Stockade 72 I 
 
 Black Hawk, the Sac Chieltaiu 75 
 
 Big Eagle 80 
 
 Captain Jack, the Modoc Chieftain 83 
 
 Kinzie House 85 
 
 A Representative Pioneer 86 
 
 Lincoln Monument 87 
 
 A Pioneer School House 88 
 
 Pioneers' First Winter 94 
 
 Page. 
 Great Iron Bridge of C, R. I. & P. 
 R. R., Crossing the Mississippi at 
 
 Davenport, Iowa 91 
 
 Chicago in 1833 95 
 
 Old Fort Dearborn, 1830 98 
 
 Present Site Lake Street Bridge, 
 
 Chicago, 1833 98 
 
 Ruins of Chicago 104 
 
 View of the City of Chicago 106 
 
 Hunting Prairie Wolves 249 
 
 Starved Rock 274 
 
 Centennial Medals 562 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 I.ITHOORAPHI€ PORTRAITS. 
 
 Page. Page. 
 
 Baily, Joel 329- Drybread, J. S 45.rj Martin, W. H 
 
 Belknap, J. S 56:)^ Emerson, F 49t- 
 
 Bronson, Chas. E 509. Flint, C. L 40k 
 
 Baker, Henry 35- Griffin, R. B 16:V 
 
 Cowles, E. S 419- Gilmore, Silas 19:V 
 
 Carr, E. M 21V- 
 
 Hobbs, Chas. W 36.5- Stewart, John 
 
 99" Jackson, Leroy 617- 
 
 Sullivan, A. 
 
 Coffin, Clement 
 
 Denton, M 674 Klaus, H. H 65:l-j Van Anila, S. G. 
 
 Doolittl'.F. B 51«^ Lo Roy, M. F 295-. Wood, H.D (.. 
 
 Drybread, H.C 5454 McNamee, L 635-1 Wellman, 0.. 
 
 Page. 
 
 527- 
 
 Martindale, John , 227- 
 
 Peters, J. H L 5"^' 
 
 Swinburne, J. B « 
 
 Stone, Andrew 
 
 DEIiAWARE COriWTT WAR RE€ORU. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Infantry 441 
 
 First 441 
 
 Third 441 
 
 Fifth 441 
 
 Ninth 442 
 
 Twelfth 442 
 
 Twenty-first 444 
 
 Twenty-seventh 447 
 
 Page. 
 
 Infantry : 
 
 Forty-fourth ....448 
 
 Forty-sixth 448 
 
 Miscellaneous Infantry 449 
 
 Cavalry 449 
 
 First 449 
 
 Second 450 
 
 Cavalry : 
 
 Fourth ^.. 
 
 Sixth ^.. 
 
 Seventh *. 
 
 Eighth 
 
 MiscellimeouB Cavalr) „., 
 Artillery, etc .,.. 
 
 BIOORAPHK'AL, TOWUfSHIP IHRKCTORY. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Adams 684 
 
 Bremen 703 
 
 Colony 008 
 
 Coffin's Grove G60 
 
 Delaware .565 
 
 Delhi .595 
 
 Page. 
 
 Elk 625 
 
 Hazel Green 693 
 
 Honey Creek 649 
 
 Milo 615 
 
 North Fork 689 
 
 I 
 
 Oneida — .- 
 
 Prairie A 
 
 Richltind i 
 
 South Fork „ 
 
 Union 
 
 ABSTRACT or IOWA STATE EAWS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Adoption of Children 284 
 
 Bills of Exchange and Promissory 
 
 Notes 275 
 
 Commercial Terms 286 
 
 Descent 275 
 
 Damages from Trespass 281 
 
 Exemptions from Execution 280 
 
 Esti-ays 280 
 
 Forms: 
 
 Articles of Agreement 288 
 
 Bills of Sale 289 
 
 Bond for Deed 298 
 
 Bills of Purchase 287 
 
 Chattel Mortgage 297 
 
 Confession of Judgment 288 
 
 Page. 
 Forms : 
 
 Lease 294 
 
 Mortgages 292 
 
 Notice to Qviit 290 
 
 Notes 287-294 
 
 Orders 287 
 
 Quit Claim Deed 297 
 
 Receipts 287 
 
 Tenant's Notice of Leaving 290 
 
 Wills and Codicils 290 
 
 Warranty Deed 297 
 
 Fences 282 
 
 Interest 375 
 
 Jurisdiction of Courts 278 
 
 I 
 
 Jurors .^ 
 
 Limitation of Actions _ 
 
 Landlord and Tenant 
 
 Married Women 
 
 Marks and Brands 
 
 Mechanio.>i' Liens 
 
 Koads and Bridges 
 
 Surveyors and Survfys , 
 
 Suggestions to Persons Purt^osinj 
 
 Books by Subscript'ton 
 
 Support of Poor 
 
 Taxes 
 
 Wills and Kstatos 
 
 Weights and Measu e« 
 
 9IISCEI.EANKOFS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Map of Delaware County Front. 
 
 Constitution of United States 250 
 
 Vote for President and Vice Pres- 
 ident 264 
 
 Practical Rules for Every-Day U8e..265 
 United States Government Land 
 Measure 268 
 
 Errata , 
 
 Page. 
 
 Surveyor's Measure 269 
 
 How to Keep Account8| 269 
 
 Interest Table 270 
 
 Miscellaneous Ta'le 270 
 
 Names of the States of the Union 
 
 and their Significations ....271 
 
 Population of the United States 272 
 
 Pa 
 
 Population of Fifty ,'r.iici|aiCitiesi 
 of the United Sta :e8 
 
 Population and Are. i of tho United 
 States 273 
 
 Population of the Princijal Coun- 
 tries in the World 273 
 
ii^ 
 
 *^ 
 
 ( MAP of DELAWARE COQ 
 
 y T o \ 
 
 
The Northwest Territory. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. 
 
 When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States 
 by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the 
 Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the 
 United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States 
 of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of 
 Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United 
 States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi 
 River; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary 
 of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the 
 Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National 
 domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the 
 " New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old " Northwestern 
 Territory." 
 
 In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast 
 magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater 
 in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, 
 including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected 
 eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- 
 tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of 
 the entire population of the United States. 
 
 Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent 
 flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- 
 stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the 
 highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent 
 on the globe. 
 
 For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- 
 west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United 
 States. 
 
 (19) 
 
20 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 EARLY EXPLORATIONS. 
 
 Li the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New 
 World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel 
 of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than 
 half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence 
 to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no 
 settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that 
 he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and 
 disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery 
 for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize 
 upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by 
 DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer 
 took advantage of these discoveries. 
 
 In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the 
 wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- 
 trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which 
 run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the 
 first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from 
 the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian 
 envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, 
 below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent 
 result; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders 
 attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, 
 nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by 
 Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude 
 Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the 
 Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette 
 founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two 
 years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- 
 eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the 
 present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a 
 grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were 
 taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken 
 of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at 
 Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac. 
 
 During M. Talon's explorations and Marquette's residence at St. 
 Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied 
 — as all others did then — that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's 
 children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. 
 Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 21 
 
22 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOitY. 
 
 request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his 
 king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico 
 or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- 
 dition, prepared for the undertaking. 
 
 On the loth of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- 
 ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of 
 discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were 
 astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade 
 them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as 
 exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of 
 frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, 
 nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he 
 was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region 
 they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which 
 the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they 
 separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the 
 adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and 
 Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- 
 quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
 town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, 
 which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to 
 thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in 
 giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to 
 which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the 
 3'ear previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed 
 in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. 
 He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to 
 Joliet, said : " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- 
 tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths 
 of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct 
 them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on 
 the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to 
 witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet 
 ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, 
 returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, 
 which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown 
 waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck 
 out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were 
 now upon the bosom of tliB Father of Waters. The mystery was about 
 to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is 
 beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been 
 clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand 
 " reminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of 
 France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared 
 on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a 
 country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- 
 itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- 
 tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors. 
 
 On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon 
 the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the 
 boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a 
 village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a 
 half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most 
 hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. 
 After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to 
 about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being 
 satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course 
 
24 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, 
 rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point 
 to the lakes. " Nowhere on this journe}'," says Marquette, ''did we see 
 such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards, 
 swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River." 
 The part}-, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and 
 reported their discovery — one of the most imjDortant of the age, but of 
 which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by 
 the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette 
 returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them 
 until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the 
 mouth of a stream — going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan — he asked 
 to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, 
 he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time 
 passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found 
 him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefuU}^ passed awa}' while at 
 prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place 
 fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving 
 the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been 
 called Marquette. 
 
 While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in 
 the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, were pre- 
 paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun 
 by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin. 
 
 After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see 
 the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French 
 trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of 
 those ages — a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an 
 expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, 
 when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind 
 of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol- 
 lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous 
 western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to 
 Frontenac, Governor General cf Canada, and laid before him the plan, 
 dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that 
 LaSalle's idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf 
 of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- 
 measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- 
 cration he earnestly hoped all would be realized. 
 
 LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who 
 warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also receivad 
 from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev* 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 25 
 
 alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at 
 once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on 
 these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined 
 by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He 
 passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and 
 into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were 
 some time at Michillimackinac, where LaSalle founded s fort, and passed 
 on to Green Bay, the " Baie des Puans " of the French, where he found 
 a huL^'e quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with 
 these, and placing her under the care of a, pilot and fourteen sailors. 
 
 LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GREEN BAY. 
 
 started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard 
 of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- 
 ing nothing from the Griffin, he collected all the men — thirty working 
 men and three monks — and started again upon his great undertaking. 
 
 By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by 
 the Indians, "Theakeke," tvolf, because of the tribes of Indians called 
 by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The 
 French pronounced it Kiakiki, which became corrupted to Kankakee. 
 "Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the 
 country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- 
 nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment 
 
26 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs, 
 took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- 
 ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes 
 under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village 
 of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, 
 the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, 
 on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have 
 been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Firn-i-te-tvi, that 
 is, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met 
 with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent 
 some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that 
 place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were 
 trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men 
 were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel. 
 He called this fort " Crevecoeur'' (broken-heart), a name expressive of the 
 very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship, 
 Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the 
 part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause 
 him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was 
 placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered. 
 
 While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to 
 look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to 
 return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in 
 the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party 
 to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- 
 ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and 
 was successfully made, though over an almost unknown route, and in a 
 bad season of the year. He safely reached Canada, and set out again for 
 the object of his search. 
 
 Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecoeur on the last of February, 
 1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he 
 found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to 
 Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after 
 leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the 
 icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River 
 by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a 
 band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- 
 nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- 
 age they found several beautiful lakes, and ''saw some charming prairies." 
 Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux 
 nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when 
 they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 27 
 
 in honor of his patron saint. Here they took the land, and traveling 
 nearly two hundred miles to the northwest, brought them to their villages. 
 Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their 
 captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen 
 
 BUFFALO HUNT. 
 
 headed by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene- 
 trated thus far by the route of Lake Superior; and with these fellow- 
 countrymen Hennepin and his companions were allowed to return to the 
 borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had 
 returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went 
 to France, where he published an account of his adventures. 
 
28 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 The Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his 
 vain endeavor to find gold and precioas gems. In the following Spring, 
 De Soto, wear}^ ^yith hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander- 
 ings, he fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers, 
 reduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered 
 about the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them- 
 selves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called brigan- 
 tines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it 
 would lead them to the sea, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of 
 Mexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba. 
 
 They were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi ; but, 
 being so weary and discouraged, made no attemj)t to claim the country, 
 and hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through. 
 
 To La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the 
 first account of the mouths of the river. His great desire was to possess 
 this entire country for his king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of 
 explorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed 
 the portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February, 
 reached the banks of the Mississippi. 
 
 On the 13th they commenced their downward course, which they 
 pursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis- 
 covered the three great passages by which the river discharges its waters 
 into the gulf. La Salle thus narrates the event : 
 
 " We landed on the bank of the most western channel, about three 
 leagues (nine miles) from its mouth. On the seventh, M. de LaSalle 
 went to reconnoiter the shores of the neighboring sea, and M. de Tonti 
 meanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found the main 
 outlets beautiful, large and deep. On the 8th we reascended the river, a 
 little above its confluence with the sea, to find a dry place beyond t-he 
 reach of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about 
 twenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to 
 the column were affixed the arms of France with this inscription : 
 
 Louis Le Grand, Roi De France et de Navarre, regne ; Le neuvieme Avril, 16S2. 
 
 The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Dcum, and then, after 
 a salute and cries of " Vive le Roi," the column was erected by M. de 
 La Salle, who, standing near it, proclaimed in a loud voice the authority of 
 the King of France. LaSalle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis- 
 sissippi settlements in Illinois, thence he proceeded to France, where 
 another expedition was fitted out, of which he was commander, and in two 
 succeeding voyages failed to find the outlet of the river by sailing along 
 the shore of the gulf. On his third voyage he was killed, through the 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 29 
 
 treachery of his followers, and the object of his expeditions was not 
 accomplished until IGOO, when D"Il)erville, nnder the authority of the 
 crown, discovered, on tlie second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth 
 of the " Hidden River." This majestic stream Avas called by the natives 
 *' Malbouchia,'' and by the Spaniards, ''la Palissade;' from the great 
 
 'Y ^ f 
 A- ^' \\y 
 
 TRAPPING. 
 
 number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets, 
 and satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western 
 outlet, and returned to France. 
 
 An^ avenue of trade was now opened out which was fully improved. 
 In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colo- 
 nists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by 
 France under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it was purchased by 
 
30 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 the United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory 
 of Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the 
 charge of the United States. Although LaSalle's labors ended in defeat 
 and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown 
 open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country ; 
 had established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one 
 settlement there. " Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu- 
 ments of LaSalle's labors ; for, though he had founded neither of them 
 (unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecoeur,) 
 it was by those whom he led into the West that these places were 
 peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of 
 the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored." 
 
 The French early improved the opening made for them. Before the 
 year 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, 
 and founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was merely a missionary 
 station, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil- 
 lages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. Wliat is known of 
 these missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, 
 dated " Aux Cascaskias, autrement dit de I'lmmaculate Conception de 
 la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712." Soon after the founding of 
 Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia, while 
 Peoria arose near the ruins of Fort Crevecoeur. This must have been 
 about the year 1700. The post at Vincennes on the Oubache river, 
 (pronounced Wa-ba, meaning summer cloud movlm/ swiftly) was estab- 
 lished in 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob- 
 able that on LaSalle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia 
 and Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain 
 were laid by De la Motte Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta- 
 tions, with those established further north, were the earliest attempts to 
 occupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being 
 made to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated in the settle- 
 ment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England 
 in 1718. This was mainly accomplished through the efforts of the 
 famous Mississippi Company, established by the notorious John Law, 
 who so quickly arose into prominence in France, and Avho witli his 
 scheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away. 
 
 From the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the 
 French nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower Missis- 
 sippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated 
 
 * There is consideralfle dispute about this date, some asserting it was founded as late as 1742. Wlieu 
 the new cnurt Iiouse at Vincennes was erected, all autliorities o:i tlie subject were carefully examined, and 
 • ('0:^ fixed upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved on the corner-stone of the court house. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TEERITORY. 31 
 
 injuries, cut off the entire colony at Natchez. Although the company 
 did little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened 
 the trade through the Mississippi River, and started the raising of grains 
 indigenous to that climate. Until the year 1750, but little is known of 
 the settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until tliis time that the 
 attention of the English Avas called to the occupation of this portion of the 
 New "World, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary 
 among the Illinois, writing from " Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort 
 Chartres, June 8, 1750, says: "We have here whites, negroes and 
 Indians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages, 
 and three villages of the natives, within a space of twenty-one leagues 
 situated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid 
 (Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred 
 whites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The 
 three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all 
 told. Most of the French till the soil; they raise wheat, cattle, pigs and 
 horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can 
 be consumed; and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New 
 Orleans." This city was now the seaport town of the Northwest, and 
 save in the extreme northern part, where only furs and copper ore were 
 found, almost all the products of the country found their way to France 
 by the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem- 
 ber 7, 1750, this same priest says : " For fifteen leagues above the 
 mouth of the Mississippi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low 
 to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially 
 occupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I 
 think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber, 
 bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear's grease ; and above all, pork 
 and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty 
 vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans, 
 plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of 
 Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty-five 
 leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five 
 or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther 
 up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners 
 through fear of tlie Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee, they raise 
 excellent tobacco. Another hundred leagues brings us to the Arkansas, 
 where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river 
 traders. * * * From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred 
 leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at 
 the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the 
 Mississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to 
 
32 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 work them as they deserve."" Father Marest, writing from the post at 
 Vincennes in 181 2, makes the same observation. Yivier also says : " Some 
 individuals dig lead near the surface and supply the Indians and Canada. 
 Two Spaniards now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are 
 like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper, we should find 
 silver under the lead ; and at any rate the lead is excellent. There is also 
 in this country, beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large 
 pieces are found in the streams." 
 
 
 /r/CKCK' 
 
 HUNTING. 
 
 At the close of the year IToO, the French occupied, in addition lo the 
 lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at 
 the Maumee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in v.hat 
 may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Nortliwest 
 they had stations at St. Jose])h's on the St. Joseph's of Lake INIichigan, 
 at Fort Ponchartrain (Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac, 
 Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of 
 LaSalle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of 
 this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another 
 nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 33 
 
 and hearing of its wealth, began to lay plans for occupying it and for 
 securing the great profits arising therefrom. 
 
 The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the 
 
 DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. 
 
 This " Beautiful " river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La- 
 Salle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet 
 and Marquette. 
 
 While LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found 
 leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. 
 He not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed 
 to travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident 
 soon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition. 
 
 While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the- 
 Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a. 
 distance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state- 
 ment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. 
 LaSalle believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great 
 rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to 
 embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent to 
 the commerce of China and Japan. 
 
 He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov- 
 ernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendant, 
 Talon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro- 
 vision to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sid- 
 pice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, 
 and LaSalle offering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money, 
 the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred 
 dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the 
 necessary supplies for the outfit. 
 
 On the 6th of Jal3% 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four persons, 
 embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence ; two additional canoes 
 carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the 
 bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the 
 Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present 
 City of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to 
 conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. 
 
 The Indians seemed unfriendl}- to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected 
 that the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After 
 waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian 
 
84 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 from the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them 
 that they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. 
 
 On their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, when they 
 heard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving 
 
 among the Iroquois, they met with a friendly reception, and learned 
 from a Shawanee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks. 
 Delighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume 
 their journey ; but just as they were about to start they heard of the 
 arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved 
 to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the West. He 
 

 W^*"'^i'i«, 
 
 IV. 
 
 V^^^ 
 
 COFFmg'GROVE TP 
 
 A 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 35 
 
 had been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the copper mhies 
 on Lake Superior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec. 
 He gave the missionaries a map of the country lie had explored in the 
 lake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in 
 that quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the 
 expedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the 
 Jesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet 
 with a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and 
 after worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at 
 Lake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers, 
 Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. 
 
 These zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted 
 no assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their patron 
 saint ; and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June 
 without having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian. 
 
 After parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois 
 village at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a 
 tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far 
 as the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the 
 persevering and successful French explorer of the West, in 1669. 
 
 The account of the latter part of his journey is found in an anony- 
 mous paper, which purports to have been taken from the Yips of LaSalle 
 himself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Count 
 Frontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he 
 discovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as 
 an indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio 
 Valley upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony 
 of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French 
 had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec 
 replied : " We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries 
 of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to 
 make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley." 
 
 ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters 
 and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at the French posts 
 already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri- 
 ously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States 
 of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet 
 under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty 
 
36 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 conclusively of the nature of the wealth of these wilds. As early as 
 1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements to 
 secure the country west of the AUeghenies to the English crown. In 
 Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov- 
 ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces- 
 sity of securing the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, b}^ that 
 power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain 
 to this unexplored wilderness. 
 
 England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
 on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a 
 discovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants 
 to the colonies extended " from sea to sea." This was not all her claim. 
 She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat- 
 ter was also a strong argument. As early as 1684, Lord Howard, Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the 
 great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei- 
 das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were 
 taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations. 
 They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 
 1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed 
 was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has 
 often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1744, a purchase was 
 made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the " Colony of 
 Virginia," for which the Indians received <£200 in gold and a like sum in 
 goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid. 
 The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel 
 William Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pay was 
 called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with 
 presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa- 
 nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings 
 regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment, 
 and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the 
 cultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. In 
 1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant 
 of land beyond the AUeghenies. This was granted, and the government 
 of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun- 
 dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of 
 June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was 
 made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000 
 acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French 
 were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in the 
 West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 37 
 
 settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain 
 possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1774, Vaud- 
 reuil, Governor of Canada and the French possessions, well knowing the 
 consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading- 
 posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further 
 secure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel- 
 eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds 
 and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, plates of lead, on which 
 were inscribed the claims of France. These were heard of in 1752, and 
 within the memory of residents now living along the " Oyo," as the 
 beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found 
 with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and 
 a copy of the inscription with particular account of the discovery of the 
 plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, 
 among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not, 
 however, deter the English from going on with their explorations, and 
 though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and 
 it was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the 
 frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio 
 Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, 
 on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He 
 afterward spoke of it as very populous. From there he went down 
 the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville, 
 and in November he commenced a survey of the Company's lands. Dur- 
 ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the 
 Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were busy in preparing 
 their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party 
 of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng- 
 lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and 
 Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of 
 the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. 
 (They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were 
 carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This 
 fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the 
 king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawillanes, in the center of the terri- 
 tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some 
 variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1773, written by Rev. David Jones 
 Pickaweke." 
 
 * The following is a translation of the inscription on the plate: "In the year 1749, reign of Lonis XV., 
 King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Gallisoniere, com- 
 mander-in-chief of New France, to establish tranquility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, have 
 buried this plate at the confluence of the Toradakoin, this twenty- ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise 
 Beautiful River, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and all its 
 tributaries; inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms and 
 treaties; especially by those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aix La Chapelle." 
 
88 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEZ. 
 
 This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and 
 occurred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about 
 fortv-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter- 
 ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter- 
 mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to 
 occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing- 
 ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and 
 Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the 
 natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan- 
 caster already noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June, 
 these Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the 
 north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts- 
 burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban- 
 doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize 
 the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour, 
 the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a 
 chief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their 
 favor. This he did, and upon the loth of June they all united in signing 
 a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a 
 settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing tliat it should 
 not be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first 
 treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valley. 
 
 Meanwhile the powers beyond the sea were trj^ing to out-manoeuvre 
 each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally 
 outwitted the Indians, and failed in many instances to fulfill their con- 
 tracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of the red men, and further 
 increased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni- 
 tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758 : " The Indians on the Ohio 
 left you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were 
 coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The 
 French came, they treated us kindly, and gained our affections. The 
 Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when 
 we wanted help, forsook us." 
 
 At the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by 
 title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon 
 and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng- 
 lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until 
 the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans 
 of the French. They had sent messages to the French, warning them 
 away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts 
 already begun, and would not abandon the field. 
 
 Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from tlie Ohio regard- 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39' 
 
 ing the positions and purposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of 
 Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from 
 them, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young 
 man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank 
 of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This 
 personage was no other than tlie illustrious George Washington, who then 
 held considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just 
 twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied 
 by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. Tliey left Will's 
 Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 2"2d reached the Monon- 
 gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there thej^ went to 
 Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of 
 the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and 
 also heard of their determination not to come down tlie river till the fol- 
 lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to 
 turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral. 
 Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to 
 Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the 
 Frencli had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery 
 of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing 
 of importance here, he pursued his way amid great privations, and on the 
 11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here 
 he delivered Governor Dinwiddie's letter, received his answer, took his 
 observations, and on the 16tli set out upon his return .journey with no one 
 but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him, 
 notwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their 
 homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet 
 they reached home in sa,fety on the 6th of January, 1754. 
 
 From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by 
 Washington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was learned that the French would 
 not give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made 
 in all the Englisli colonies for the coming conflict, while the French 
 finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications, 
 and gathered their forces to be in readiness. 
 
 The Old Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great 
 activities ; volunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring 
 colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along tlie Potomac 
 men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation — which promised 
 two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they were 
 gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent 
 had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were 
 
40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of 
 the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. 
 
 " The first birds of Spring filled the air with their song ; the swift 
 river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of 
 Spring and the April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian 
 scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet, 
 that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent 
 in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten 
 miles up the Monongahela. Bat, though all was so quiet in that wilder- 
 ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchment rising at the fork, and 
 swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning 
 of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw 
 upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and 
 three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and 
 stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, Contrecoeur, 
 and the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and with his men 
 and tools, marched up the Monongahela." 
 
 The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la 
 Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and 
 English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the 
 French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi 
 and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue 
 of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New- 
 foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The 
 first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the 
 English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted 
 disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed 
 the fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured, 
 and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing- 
 ton was at Will's Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. 
 He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him- 
 self at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called 
 by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of 
 French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked 
 in his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the 
 morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. 
 
 The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one 
 against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort 
 Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, 
 and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. 
 The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General 
 Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 41 
 
 acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. This 
 occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle 
 of Monongahela, or " Braddock's Defeat." The war continued with 
 various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence- 
 ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre- 
 tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to 
 carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one, 
 under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under Abercrombie, 
 against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against 
 Fort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a 
 desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the 
 Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie 
 captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne, 
 of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was 
 found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, 
 rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the 
 name to Fort Pitt. 
 
 The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of 
 Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to 
 reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to 
 capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant 
 Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga 
 and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor- 
 able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated 
 Montcalm, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement 
 Montcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor, 
 marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of 
 defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was 
 fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It 
 resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal. 
 The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was 
 surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it 
 was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England 
 were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and 
 under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of 
 the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same 
 time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. 
 
 On the loth of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent 
 from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post 
 in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum- 
 moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, 
 Beletre refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the 
 
42 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d 
 under the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom, 
 no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the 
 purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was 
 assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not 
 desire their country. Tliis answer conciliated the savages, and did much 
 to insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while 
 on their journey home. 
 
 Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one 
 month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence 
 across the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com- 
 mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of 
 the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is, 
 crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to " Mohickon 
 John's Town" on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White 
 Woman's River, and thence crossed to Beaver's Town, a Delaware town 
 on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver's Town were probably one 
 hundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of 
 cleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across 
 Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork. 
 
 The Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule. 
 New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large 
 trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises 
 with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe- 
 trated, and the country would have been spared their recital. 
 
 The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these 
 atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading 
 events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this 
 noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named 
 Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as 
 far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French, 
 but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his 
 hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian 
 to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached 
 him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He 
 declared that no treaty had been made with them; no presents sent 
 them, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation. 
 He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was 
 civil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies. 
 
 The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina, 
 were united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified 
 February 10, 1763, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 43 
 
 PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN. 
 
44 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 upon the frontier British posts, and Avith one blow strike every man dead. 
 Pontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander 
 of the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares 
 and INIingoes, whohad, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unite 
 in this enterprise. 
 
 The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 176:-. 
 Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, "• scooped up in the hollow 
 of joined hands," the blood of many a Briton. 
 
 Pontiac's immediate field of action was the garrison at Detroit. 
 Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing 
 the plot the evening previous to his arrival^ Everything was carried out, 
 however, according to Pontiac's plans until the moment of action, when 
 Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian 
 chiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed the concealed 
 musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He 
 saw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He 
 endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions ; but the guilt 
 was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe 
 reprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post. 
 
 Pontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and until the treaty of peace 
 between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764, 
 continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular 
 commissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark, 
 which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At 
 the conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went 
 further south, living many years among the Illinois. 
 
 He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a 
 time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis 
 in a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a 
 quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon 
 afterwards killed him. His death was, however, avenged by the northern 
 Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed. 
 
 Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan 
 for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly 
 have been carried out. 
 
 It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers' visit that Alex- 
 ander. Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest 
 feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and 
 were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief, 
 Pontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their 
 French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said : 
 *' Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 45 
 
 yet conquered us ! We are not your slaves! These lakes, these woods, 
 these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, 
 and we will part with tliem to none. Your nation supposes that we, like 
 the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you 
 ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided 
 food for lis upon these broad lakes and in these mountains." 
 
 He then spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them, 
 no presents sent them, and that he and his people were j^et for war. 
 Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after 
 the English took possession of their country. These feelings were no 
 doubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the 
 French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the 
 English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going 
 on to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments. 
 
 In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre- 
 vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters 
 of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- 
 tainbleau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question. 
 Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States 
 and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great 
 Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these 
 sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States ; and 
 twenty years still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain b'ack to 
 France, and by France sold to the United States. 
 
 In the half century, from the building of the Fort of Crevecoeur by 
 LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set- 
 tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been 
 noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia, 
 Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract 
 of rich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St. 
 Louis. 
 
 By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including 
 all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England ; 
 but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when 
 Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him- 
 self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, 
 dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath- 
 olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their 
 effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. 
 It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the 
 war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that 
 chieftain. By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle- 
 
46 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year 
 1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, his confed- 
 eracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon- 
 tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom 
 he afterward lost his life. 
 
 As soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began 
 rapidly to survey the country and prepare for occupation. During the 
 year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces 
 explored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga- 
 hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This 
 was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing- 
 ton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr. Craik, Capt. Crawford 
 and others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts- 
 burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha ; ascended that stream about fourteen. 
 miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which 
 were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort. 
 
 Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus- 
 tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This 
 same year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia arid its neighboring villages. 
 He found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only 
 forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and 
 at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year 
 or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally 
 Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main- 
 tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts 
 was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and 
 flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the 
 poHcy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension 
 of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal 
 proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the 
 sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance 
 of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement 
 without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy 
 reach of Great Britain. 
 
 The commander-in-chief of the king's forces wrote in 1769 : " In liie 
 course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they 
 extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for 
 themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother 
 country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow." 
 
 In accordance with this policy, Gov. Gage issued a proclamation 
 in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set- 
 tlements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To tliis they 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47 
 
 Strenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to 
 remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its 
 change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French 
 population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned 
 the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which 
 was granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 1774, extend- 
 ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present 
 States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. 
 
 In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern- 
 ment toward the French settlers in the West, they were disposed to favor 
 that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the 
 early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side 
 of the war for independence. 
 
 In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration 
 to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the 
 pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth. 
 One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the 
 Ohio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it 
 Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for 
 settlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed 
 portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the 
 famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and 
 di iven across the Ohio. 
 
 During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies 
 and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly estab- 
 lished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land 
 speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held 
 in Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling 
 themselves the "• Illinois Land Company," obtained from ten chiefs of the 
 Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on 
 the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer- 
 chant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes 
 as the agent of the association called the " Wabash Land Company." On 
 the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for 
 37,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested 
 by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in 
 the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com- 
 panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all 
 were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th of 
 April, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the 
 " United Illinois and Wabash Land Company." They afterward made 
 
48 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all 
 signally failed. 
 
 When the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor- 
 ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. 
 
 In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time 
 " Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in- 
 habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con- 
 tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were 
 east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 " — when these observa- 
 tions were made — " 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 
 negroes." 
 
 From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and 
 nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report 
 made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following 
 extract is made : 
 
 "Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which 
 appears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of 
 the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la. 
 Prairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There 
 are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five 
 miles further up the river." 
 
 St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con- 
 tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one 
 hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country 
 west of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until 
 ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the 
 country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there 
 were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 ta 
 1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more 
 than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated— the people being engaged 
 in the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here 
 relate. 
 
 It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by 
 Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an 
 oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width. 
 As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent 
 resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space 
 between Mr. Palmer's store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins' house 
 (near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn, 
 and was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by 
 oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had 
 four gates — east, west, north and south. Over the first thi-ee of these 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49 
 
 gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six- 
 pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a 
 parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running 
 east and west, the main street beitig twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen 
 feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten 
 to fifteen feet in width. 
 
 At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the 
 enclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present 
 northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was 
 inclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two 
 stories high, sufficient to contain ten officers, and also barracks sufficient 
 to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The 
 citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of 
 Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story, 
 with a few a story and a half in height. They were all of logs, some 
 hewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance, 
 called the " King's Palace," two stories high, which stood near the east 
 gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned 
 by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and 
 the other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of 
 twenty-four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning 
 between nine and ten o'clock. Each furnished four sentinels, who were 
 relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who p^r- 
 formed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset ; 
 even wicket gates were shut at nine o'clock, and all the keys were 
 delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened 
 in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter 
 town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand- 
 ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of 
 every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were 
 restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were 
 allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only 
 at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the 
 Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house 
 near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians. 
 The population of the town was about sixty families, in all about two 
 hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by 
 fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present '' new " 
 town was laid out. 
 
 On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of 
 importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of 
 Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests, 
 
60 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in 
 this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those 
 within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their 
 civil privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway^ 
 burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state. 
 Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held 
 in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived 
 in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which 
 had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty 
 was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented 
 her the jesir previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move 
 unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the 
 British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. Ht 
 saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes, 
 Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy 
 access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British 
 intended to penetrate the country from the north and south, and annihi- 
 late the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, 
 afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. He knew the Indians were not 
 unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could 
 the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives 
 might be easily awed into neutrality ; and by spies sent for the purpose, 
 he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements 
 might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the 
 project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on 
 November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th, 
 Burgoyne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly 
 encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at 
 once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The same plan had before been 
 agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark 
 came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the 
 scene of action to be able to guide them. 
 
 Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his 
 plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret, 
 the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven 
 companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three 
 months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him 
 to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand 
 at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. 
 
 With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather 
 to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed 
 in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi- 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 51 
 
 ston for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required 
 number of men. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their 
 own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to 
 join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private 
 volunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he 
 navigated as far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified 
 Corn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville, 
 Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may 
 yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him 
 with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and 
 as many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to 
 the men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements, 
 and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the 
 24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured 
 no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with 
 his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as 
 far as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. 
 Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to 
 Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he 
 intended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the 
 Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor- 
 mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the 
 United States ; and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois 
 country and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to 
 believe by the British that the " Long Knives" or Virginians, were the 
 most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With 
 this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would 
 cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati- 
 tude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency. 
 
 The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun, 
 and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort 
 near the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without 
 the loss of a single man or b}'' killing any of the enemy. After sufficiently 
 working upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per- 
 fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the 
 great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity 
 from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab- 
 itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked 
 for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and 
 when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6tli of July, they accom- 
 panied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place 
 surrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus 
 
52 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 the two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English 
 into the possession of Virginia. 
 
 In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a 
 powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession 
 of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun- 
 daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. 
 St. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit, remained yet to be taken 
 before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that 
 he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection 
 with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July, 
 in company with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of 
 peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence 
 that the post on the " Oubache " had taken the oath of allegiance to 
 the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts, 
 placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his 
 men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville, 
 erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who 
 had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond. 
 In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature 
 of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor, 
 and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of 
 the Old Dominion through their Legislature. 
 
 In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the 
 natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle- 
 giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton, 
 having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down 
 the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing 
 the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the 
 rebels from the West. Gen. Clark had, on the return of M. Gibault, 
 dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend- 
 ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort. 
 Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly 
 surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at 
 the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail- 
 ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of tha 
 fort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of war, he surrendered to 
 the British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the 
 force in the garrison. 
 
 Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was 
 contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four 
 hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 53 
 
 and to annoy the Americans in all ways, and sat quietly down to pass the 
 Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he 
 saw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless 
 he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the 
 news on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi- 
 ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi 
 a " battoe," as Major Bowman writes it, in order to ascend the Ohio and 
 Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray. 
 
 On the next day, Clark, with his little force of one hundred and 
 twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching 
 through much mud, the ground being thawed by the incessant spring 
 rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his " battoe," at 
 once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back- 
 woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the 
 intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind- 
 ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was 
 sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement. 
 During his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes 
 to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him, 
 and had earned in consequence thereof the title "■ Hair-buyer General," 
 by which he was ever afterward known. 
 
 Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising 
 Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being 
 apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and Clark con- 
 cluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts. 
 Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in 
 uniting the western Indians for the next Spring's campaign, the West 
 would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny 
 Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from 
 the commencement, by the British. 
 
 " But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the 
 union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might 
 have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed." 
 
 At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern- 
 ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the 
 British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in- 
 Chief of the Colonial army, and so bravely fighting for American inde- 
 pendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the 
 Ohio frontier, Col. Bowman, acting under the same general's orders, 
 marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These 
 expeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled 
 to sue for peace. 
 
64 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 During this same year (1779) the famous " Land Laws" of Virginia 
 were passed. The passage of these hiws was of more consequence to the 
 pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian 
 conflicts. These laws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed 
 to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the 
 settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at 
 forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature 
 sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many 
 of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These 
 gentlemen opened their court on October 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and 
 continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided 
 three thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, who 
 came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the 
 10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the 
 next year (1780) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- 
 sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in 
 relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States 
 to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a righc 
 to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below 
 the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle- 
 ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur- 
 ing this 3'ear that the first seminary of learning was established in the 
 West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth. 
 
 The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a 
 friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had 
 been friendly to the Colonies during their straggle for independence, 
 and though for a wliile this friendship appeared in danger from the 
 refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the 
 satisfaction of both nations. 
 
 The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones 
 ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the 
 "Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few 
 pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians 
 and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it 
 in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting 
 colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the 
 inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were 
 compelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the 
 settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable 
 manner, they fled the country in great haste. 
 
 About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con- 
 cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 55 
 
 and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New 
 York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele- 
 gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for 
 the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress 
 during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep- 
 tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States 
 claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. 
 This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative 
 measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, 
 Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same 
 year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might 
 have easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished 
 him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew 
 that the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture 
 and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the 
 territory. 
 
 Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun- 
 ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town 
 of Louisville was passed. This same 3^ear is also noted in the annals of 
 American history as the year in which occurred Arnold's treason to the 
 United States. 
 
 Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d 
 day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United 
 States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and 
 the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was 
 anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies 
 were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in 
 consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. 
 Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of 
 American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter 
 of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian 
 Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the 
 frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of 
 their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, 
 a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. 
 For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians 
 committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and 
 1772 in the history of the Northwest. 
 
 During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and 
 frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan- 
 dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives, 
 many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious 
 
56 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers, 
 was a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio 
 valleys. Coteraporary Avith them were several engagements in Kentucky, 
 in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill 
 and knowledge. of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruc- 
 
 
 INDIANS ATTACKING FKONTIEKS.MKN. 
 
 tion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American 
 banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had 
 been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon- 
 querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October 
 preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th of 
 April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 57 
 
 proclaimed to the army of the United States, and on the 8d of the next 
 September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle 
 was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West 
 were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of 
 the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; 
 thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi 
 River ; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line 
 east to the head of the Appalachicola River ; down its center to its junc- 
 tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and 
 thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts 
 were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these 
 was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements 
 with the Indians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose 
 lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by 
 the proper treaty. 
 
 To remedy this latter evil, Congress appointed commissioners to 
 treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set- 
 tlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the 
 year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, 
 not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest 
 she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of 
 December preceding authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded 
 to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and 
 the Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. 
 To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred 
 and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the 
 Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region 
 opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the dilapidated village of 
 Clarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer- 
 sonville, Indiana. 
 
 While the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit 
 refused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do 
 so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring 
 of 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur 
 Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian 
 council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in 
 appearance. He says : 
 
 " Pittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who 
 live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or 
 even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being 
 bought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila- 
 
58 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and 
 money. There are in the ^town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a 
 priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel." 
 
 Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabitants, and 
 was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A 
 land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take 
 defensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances, 
 incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 
 1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no 
 entries were recorded until 1787. 
 
 The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They 
 held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress 
 adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the 
 surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the 
 Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made 
 with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made 
 in 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land 
 was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to ci imply 
 with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel 
 their adherence to its provisions, force was used. During the year 1786» 
 the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused 
 various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to 
 excite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised 
 bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the 
 unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga- 
 tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared 
 its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded 
 between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how- 
 ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some 
 grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con- 
 necticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as 
 the " Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the following year a 
 large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once 
 took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company 
 were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction 
 of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received 
 750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the 
 seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on 
 the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without 
 the reservations. In addition to this. Congress afterward granted 100,000 
 acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the 
 resolutions of 1789 and 1790. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 59 
 
 While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing 
 its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance 
 for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the 
 cession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. 
 A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition 
 of slavery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered, 
 and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. 
 By this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states 
 
 -=554 
 
 v-.'^'^s.-'^^ 
 
 A PRAIRIE STORM. 
 
 by parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten 
 states, which were to have been named as follows — beginning at the 
 northwest corner and going southwardly : Sylvania, Michigania, Cher- 
 sonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly- 
 potamia and Pelisipia. 
 
 There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of 
 names, — the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu- 
 tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries, 
 of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fiftv miles 
 
60 THE KORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- 
 ginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the 
 subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into 
 not more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by 
 the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of tlie Government was 
 again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year 
 and until July, 1787, when the famous "Compact of 1787" was passed, 
 and the foundation of the government of the Northwest laid. This com- 
 pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book, 
 and to it the reader is referred. 
 
 The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company 
 was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves 
 Symmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis. 
 This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and, 
 being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the 
 New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury 
 Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following 
 year. During the Autumn the directors of the New England Company 
 were preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and ujjon the. 
 23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, 
 under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six 
 boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur- 
 veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart- 
 ford and proceed on their journey westward ; the remainder to follow as 
 soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the 8d of October, 
 had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and 
 to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur 
 St. Clair Governor of the Territory of the Northwest. 
 
 AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com- 
 plete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers from 
 the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England 
 Company sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over 
 the Alleghenies by tlie old Indian path wliich had been opened into 
 Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike 
 from Cumberland westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled 
 on, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had 
 been built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived 
 on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded 
 as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 61 
 
 Gen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwest, not having 
 yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, written out, and published by 
 being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed 
 to administer them. 
 
 Washington in writing of this, the first America,n settlement in the 
 Northwest, said : " No colony in America was ever settled under 
 such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. 
 Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know 
 many of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu- 
 lated to promote the welfare of such a community." 
 
 A PIONEER DAVELLING. 
 
 On the 2d of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held 
 on the banks of the Muskingum, " for the purpose of naming the new- 
 born city and its squares."' As yet the settlement was known as the 
 *'Muskingum,"' but that was now changed to the name Marietta, in honor 
 of Marie Antoinette. The square upon which the block -houses stood 
 was called '-'Campus Martius ;'' square number 19, '' Capitoh'um ;" square 
 number 61, "■Cecilia;'' and the great road through the covert way, " Sacra 
 Via.'" Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Varnum, 
 who with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the 
 judicial bench of the territory on the 16th of October, 1787. On July 9, 
 Gov. St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act 
 of 1787 provided two district grades of government for the Northwest, 
 
02 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 under the first of which the whole power was invested in the hands of a 
 governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed upon 
 the Governor's arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 25th 
 of July. These provided for the organization of the inilitia, and on the 
 next day appeared the Governor's proclamation, erecting all that country 
 that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the 
 County of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the 
 doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the 
 2d of September the first court of the territory was held with imposing 
 ceremonies. 
 
 The emigration westward at this time was very great. The com- 
 mander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum, reported four 
 thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between Feb- 
 ruary and June, 1788 — many of whom would have purchased of the 
 "Associates," as the New England Company was called, had they been 
 ready to receive them. 
 
 On the 26th of November, 1787, Symmes issued a pamphlet stating 
 the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In 
 January, 1788, Matthias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest 
 in Symmes' purchase, and located among other tracts the sections upon 
 which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one-third of this locality, he 
 sold the other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the 
 three, about August, commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which 
 was designated as being opposite Licking River, to the mouth of which 
 they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington. The naming of the 
 town is thus narrated in the "Western Annals " : — " Mr. Filson, who had 
 been a schoolmaster, was appointed to name the town, and, in respect to 
 its situation, and as if with a prophetic perception of the mixed race that 
 were to inhabit it in after days, he named it Losantiville, which, being 
 interpreted, means : ville, the town ; anti, against or opposite to ; os, the 
 mouth ; L. of Licking." 
 
 Meanwhile, in July, Symmes got thirty persons and eight four-horse 
 teams under way for the West. These reached Limestone (now Mays- 
 ville) in September, where were several persons from Redstone. Here 
 Mr. Symmes tried to found a settlement, but the great freshet of 1789 
 caused the " Point," as it was and is yet called, to be fifteen feet under 
 water, and the settlement to be abandoned. The little band of settlers 
 removed to the mouth of the Miami. Before Symmes and his colony left 
 the " Point," two settlements had been made on his purchase. The first 
 was by Mr. Stiltes, the original projector of the Avhole plan, who, with a 
 colony of Redstone people, had located at the mouth of the Miami, 
 whither Symmes went with his Maysville colony. Here a clearing had 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 63 
 
 been made by the Indians owing to the great fertility of the soil. Mr. 
 Stiltes with his colony came to this place on the 18th of November, 1788, 
 with twenty-six persons, and, building a block-house, prepared to remain 
 through the Winter. They named the settlement Columbia. Here they 
 were kindly treated by the Indians, but suffered greatly from the flood 
 of 1789. 
 
 On the 4th of March, 1789, the Constitution of the United States 
 went into operation, and on April 30, George Washington was inaug- 
 urated President of the American people, and during the next Summer, 
 an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The 
 President at first used pacific means ; but these failing, he sent General 
 Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but 
 
 BREAKING PRAIKIE. 
 
 was defeated in two battles, near the present City of Fort Wayne, 
 Indiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were 
 the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair 
 was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians ; but while 
 he was encamped on a stream, the St. Mary, a branch of the Maumee, 
 he was attacked and defeated with the loss of six hundred men. 
 
 General Wayne was now sent against the savages. In August, 1794, 
 he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete 
 victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, compelled the 
 Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the 
 treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large 
 tract of country was ceded to the United States. 
 
 Before proceeding in our narrative, we will pause to notice Fort 
 Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. 
 Nearly all of the great cities of the Northwest, and indeed of the 
 
64 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer struct ures» 
 known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Pon- 
 chartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud Cities of Chicago, 
 Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities east and west 
 of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a 
 rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a number of 
 strongly-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers' barracks 
 were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers quarters 
 were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. 
 The whole were so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an 
 acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles. 
 
 The logs for the construction of this fort were cut from the ground 
 upon which it was erected. It stood between Third and Fourth Streets 
 of the present city (Cincinnati) extending east of Eastern Row, now 
 Broadway, which was then a narrow alley, and the eastern boundary of 
 of the town as it was originally laid out. On the bank of the river, 
 immediately in front of the fort, was an appendage of the fort, called the 
 Artificer's Yard. It contained about two acres of ground, enclosed by 
 small contiguous buildings, occupied by workshops and quarters of 
 laborers. Within this enclosure there was a large two-story frame house, 
 familiarly called the " Yellow House," built for the accommodation of 
 the Quartermaster General. For many years this was the best finished 
 and most commodious edifice in the Queen City. Fort Washington was 
 for some time the headquarters of both the civil and military governments 
 of the Northwestern Territory. 
 
 Following the consummation of the treaty various gigantic land spec- 
 ulations were entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain 
 from the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands. 
 These were generally discovered in time to prevent the outrageous, 
 schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war. 
 On October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain 
 was signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured. 
 
 No sooner had the treat}^ of 1795 been ratified than settlements began 
 to pour rapidly into the West. The great event of the year 1796 was the 
 occupation of that part of the Northwest including Michigan, which was 
 this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British 
 forces. The United States, owing to certain conditions, did not feel 
 justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit 
 and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were 
 called to give them up, they at once complied, and General Wayne, who 
 had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who, before 
 the year's close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his head- 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 65 
 
 quarters to the neighborhood of the lakes, where a county named after 
 him was formed, which included the northwest of Ohio, all of Michigan, 
 and the northeast of Indiana. During this same year settlements were 
 formed at the present City of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middle- 
 town to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators 
 began to appear in great numbers. In September, the City of Cleveland 
 was laid out, and during the Summer and Autumn, Samuel Jackson and 
 Jonathan Sharpless erected the first manufactory of paper — the " Red- 
 stone Paper Mill" — in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy 
 houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous 
 to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians, 
 Indians and half-breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that 
 part of the Northwest. 
 
 The election of representatives for the territory had taken place, 
 and on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at Losantiville — now 
 known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and 
 considered the capital of the Territory — to nominate persons from whom 
 the members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with 
 a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly 
 adjourned until the 16th of the following September. From those named 
 the President selected as members of the council, Henr}^ Vandenburg, 
 of Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findlay and Jacob 
 Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th 
 of September the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24th the two 
 houses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected President 
 of the Council. 
 
 The message of Gov. St. Clair was addressed to the Legislature 
 September 20th, and on October 13th that body elected as a delegate to 
 Congress Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, who received eleven of the votes 
 cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of 
 Gen. St. Clair. 
 
 The whole number of acts passed at this session, and approved by 
 the Governor, were thirty-seven — eleven others were passed, but received 
 his veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to 
 the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this pro- 
 tracted session of the first Legislature in the West was closed, and on the 
 30th of December the President nominated Charles Willing Bryd to the 
 office of Secretary of the Territory vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to 
 Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day. 
 
6G THE NOETHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 DIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 The increased emigration to the Northwest, the extent of the domain, 
 and tlie inconvenient modes of travel, made it very difficult to conduct 
 the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action 
 of courts almost impossible. To remedy this, it was deemed advisable to 
 divide the territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a 
 committee to examine the question and report some means for its solution. 
 This committee, on the 3d of March, reported that : 
 
 "In the three western countries there has been but one court having 
 cognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders 
 experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned crim- 
 inals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements 
 in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention and assist- 
 ance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * Xo 
 minister a remedy to these and other evils, it occurs to this committee 
 that it is expedient that a division of said territory into two distinct and 
 separate governments should be made ; and that such division be made 
 by a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami River, running 
 directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States 
 and Canada." 
 
 The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its 
 suggestions, that body passed an Act extinguishing the Northwest Terri- 
 tory, which Act was approved May 7. Among its provisions were these : 
 
 " That from and after July 4 next, all that part of the Territory of 
 the United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the westward 
 of a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the 
 Kentucky River, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thonce north 
 until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and 
 Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a 
 separate territory, and be called the Indiana Territory." 
 
 After providing for the exercise of the civil and criminal powers of 
 the territories, and other provisions, the Act further provides : 
 
 '' That until it shall otherwise be ordered by the Legislatures of the 
 said Territories, respectively, Chillicothe on the Scioto River shall be the 
 seat of government of tlie Territory of the United States northwest of the 
 Oliii) River; and that St. Vincennes on the Wabash River shall be the 
 seat of government for the Indiana Territory." 
 
 Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of the Indiana 
 Territory, and entered upon his duties about a year later, Connecticut 
 also about this time released her claims to the reserve, and in March a law 
 
I /• 
 
 (deceased) 
 MANCHESTER 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 67 
 
 was passed accepting this cession. Settlements had been made upon 
 thirty-five of the townships in the reserve, mills had been built, and seven 
 hundred miles of road cut in various directions. On the 3d of November 
 the General Assembly met at Chillicothe. Near the close of the year, 
 the first missionary of the Connecticut Reserve came, who found no 
 township containing more than eleven families. It was upon the first of 
 October that the secret treaty had been made between Napoleon and the 
 King of Spain, whereby the latter agreed to cede to France the province 
 of Louisiana. 
 
 In January, 1802, the Assembly of the Northwestern Territory char- 
 tered the college at Athens. From the earliest dawn of the western 
 colonies, education was promptly provided for, and as early as 1787, 
 newspapers were issued from Pittsburgh and Kentucky, and largely read 
 throughout the frontier settlements. Before the close of this year, the 
 Congress of the United States granted to the citizens of the Northwestern 
 territory the formation of a State government. One of the provisions of 
 the "compact of 1787" provided that whenever the number of inhabit- 
 ants within prescribed limits exceeded 45,000, they should be entitled to 
 a separate government. The prescribed limits of Ohio contained, from a 
 census taken to ascertain the legality of the act, more than that number, 
 and on the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed the act defining its limits, 
 and on the 29th of November the Constitution of the new State of Ohio, 
 so named from the beautifid river forming its southern boundary, came 
 into existence. The exact limits of Lake Michigan were not then known, 
 but the territory now included within the State of Michigan was wholly 
 within the territory of Indiana. 
 
 Gen. Harrison, while residing at Vincennes, made several treaties 
 with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of lands. The next year is 
 memorable in the history of the West for the purchase of Louisiana from 
 France by the United States for $15,000,000. Thus by a peaceful mode, 
 the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of 
 country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction 
 of the Northwest government, and, as has been mentioned in the early 
 part of this narrative, was called the "New Northwest." The limits 
 of this history will not allow a description of its territory. The same year 
 large grants of land were obtained from the Indians, and the House of 
 Representatives of the new State of Ohio signed a bill respecting the 
 College Township in the district of Cincinnati. 
 
 Before the close of the year. Gen. Harrison obtained additional 
 grants of lands from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present 
 limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at 
 St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of lands were obtained from the 
 
68 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 aborigines. Measures were also taken to learn the condition of affairs in 
 and about Detroit. 
 
 C. Jouett, the Indian agent in Michigan, still a part of Indiana Terri- 
 tory, reported as follows upon the condition of matters at that post : 
 
 " The Town of Detroit. — The charter, which is for fifteen miles, 
 square, was granted in the time of Louis XIV. of France, and is now, 
 from the best information I have been able to get, at Quebec. Of those 
 two hundred and twenty-five acres, only four are occupied by the town 
 and Fort Lenault. The remainder is a common, except twenty-four 
 acres, which were added twenty years ago to a farm belonging to Wm. 
 Macomb. * * * A stockade incloses the town, fort and citadel. The 
 pickets, as well as the public houses, are in a state of gradual decay. The 
 streets are narrow, straight and regular, and intersect each other at right 
 angles. The houses are, for the most part, low and inelegant." 
 
 During this year. Congress granted a township of land for the sup- 
 port of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these 
 wilds, and the country now comprising the State of Michigan began to 
 fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year, also, 
 a law was passed organizing the Southwest Territory, dividing it into two 
 portions, the Territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of 
 srovernment, and the District of Louisiana, which was annexed to the 
 domain of Gen. Harrison. 
 
 On the 11th of January, 1805, the Territory of Michigan was formed, 
 Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquarters at Detroit, the 
 change to take effect on June 30. On the 11th of that month, a fire 
 occurred at Detroit, which destroyed almost every building in the place. 
 When the officers of the new territory reached the post, they found it in 
 ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuild- 
 ing, however, soon commenced, and ere long the town contained more 
 houses than before the fire, and many of them much better built. 
 
 While this was being done, Indiana had passed to the second grade 
 of government, and through her General Assembly had obtained large 
 tracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian, 
 Tecumthe or Tecumseh, vigorously protested, and it was the main cause 
 of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the 
 settlers. To obtain a full account of these attempts, the workings of the 
 British, and the signal failure, culminating in the death of Tecumseh at 
 the battle of the Thames, and the close of the war of 1812 in the Northwest,. 
 we will step aside in our story, and relate the principal events of his life,, 
 and his connection with this conflict. 
 
THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 6y 
 
 TECUMSEH, THE SHAWANOE CHIEFTAIN. 
 
70 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 TECUMSEH, AND THE WAR OF 1812. 
 
 This famous Indian cliief was born about the year 1768, not far from 
 the site of the present City of Piqua, Ohio. His father, Puckeshinwa, 
 was a member of the Kisopok tribe of the Swanoese nation, and his 
 mother, Methontaske, was a member of the Turtle tribe of the same 
 people. They removed from Florida about the middle of the last century 
 to the birthplace of Tecumseh. In 1774, his father, who had risen to be 
 chief, was slain at the battle of Point Pleasant, and not long after Tecum- 
 seh, by his bravery, became the leader of his tribe. In 1795 he was 
 declared chief, and then lived at Deer Creek, near the site of tke 
 present City of Urbana. He remained here about one year, when he 
 returned to Piqua, and in 1798, he went to White River, Indiana. In 
 1805, he and his brother, Laulewasikan (Open Door), who had announced 
 himself as a prophet, went to a tract of land on the Wabash River, given 
 them by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. From this date the chief 
 comes into prominence. He was now about thirty-seven years of age, 
 was five feet and ten inches in height, was stoutly built, and possessed of 
 enormous powers of endurance. His countenance was naturally pleas- 
 ing, and he was, in general, devoid of those savage attributes possessed 
 by most Indians. It is stated he could read and write, and had a confi- 
 dential secretary and adviser, named Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, who 
 afterward became chief of the Pottawatomies. He occupied the first 
 house built on the site of Chicago. At this time, Tecumseh entered 
 upon the great work of his life. He had long objected to the grants of 
 land made by tlie Indians to the whites, and determined to unite all the 
 Indian tribes into a league, in order that no treaties or grants of land 
 could be made save l)y the consent of this confederation. 
 
 He traveled constantly, going from north to south ; from the south 
 to the north, everywhere urging the Indians to this step. He was a 
 matchless orator, and his burning words had their effect. 
 
 Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, by watching the move- 
 ments of the Indians, became convinced that a grand conspiracy was 
 forming, and made preparations to defend the settlements. Tecumseh's 
 plan was similar to Pontiac's, elsewhere described, and to the cunning 
 artifice of that chieftain was added his own sagacity. 
 
 During the year 1809, Tecumseh and the prophet were actively pre- 
 paring for the work. In that year. Gen, Harrison entered into a treaty 
 with the Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River Indians 
 and Weas, in which these tribes ceded to the whites certain lands upon 
 the Wabash, to all of which Tecumseh entered a bitter protest, averring 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 71 
 
 as one principal reason that he did not want the Indians to give up any 
 lands north and west of the Ohio River. 
 
 Tecumseh, in August, 1810, visited the General at Vincennes and 
 held a council relating to the grievances of the Indians. Becoming unduly 
 angry at this conference he was dismissed from the village, and soon after 
 departed to incite the southern Indian tribes to the conflict. 
 
 Gen. Harrison determined to move upon the chief's headquarters at 
 Tippecanoe, and for this purpose went about sixty-five miles up the 
 Wabash, where he built Fort Harrison. From this place he went to the 
 prophet's town, where he informed the Indians he had no hostile inten- 
 tions, provided they were true to the existing treaties. He" encamped 
 near the village early in October, and on the morning of November 7, he 
 was attacked by a large force of the Indians, and the famous battle of 
 Tippecanoe occurred. The Indians were routed and their town broken 
 up. Tecumseh returning not long after, was greatly exasperated at his 
 brother, the prophet, even threatening to kill him for rashly precipitating 
 the war, and foiling his (Tecumseh's) plans. 
 
 Tecumseh sent word to Gen. Harrison that he was now returned 
 from the South, and was ready to visit the President as had at one time 
 previously been proposed. Gen. Harrison informed him he could not go 
 as a chief, which method Tecumseh desired, and the visit was never 
 made. 
 
 In June of the following year, he visited the Indian agent at 
 Fort Wayne. Here he disavowed any intention to make a war against 
 the United States, and reproached Gen. Harrison for marching against his 
 people. The agent replied to this ; Tecumseh listened Avith a cold indif- 
 ference, and after making a few general remarks, with a haughty air drew 
 his blanket about him, left the council house, and departed for Fort Mai- 
 den, in Upper Canada, where he joined the British standard. 
 
 He remained under this Government, doing effective work for the 
 Crown while engaged in the war of 1812 which now opened. He was, 
 however, always humane in his treatment of the prisoners, never allow- 
 ing his warriors to ruthlessly mutilate the bodies of those slain, or wan- 
 tonly murder the captive. 
 
 In the Summer of 1813, Perry's victory on Lake Erie occurred, and 
 shortly after active preparations were made to capture Maiden. On the 
 27th of September, the American army, under Gen. Harrison, set sail for 
 the shores of Canada, and in a few hours stood around the ruins of Mai- 
 den, from which the British army, under Proctor, had retreated to Sand- 
 wich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the Valley of 
 the Thames. On the 29th Gen. Harrison was at Sandwich, and Gen. 
 McArthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. 
 
72 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 On the 2d of October, tlie Americans began their pursuit of Proctor, 
 whom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of tlie Thames followed. 
 Early in tlie engagement, Tecumseh who was at the head of the column 
 of Indians was slain, and they, no longer hearing the voice of their chief- 
 tain, fled. The victory was decisive, and practically closed the war in 
 the Northwest, 
 
 INDIANS ATTACKING A STOCKADS. 
 
 Just who killed the great chief has been a matter of much dispute ; 
 but the weight of opinion awards the act to Col. Richard M. Johnson, 
 who fired at him with a pistol, tlie shot proving fatal. 
 
 In 1805 occurred Burr's Insurrection. He took possession of a 
 beautiful island in the Ohio, after the killing of Hamilton, and is charo-ed 
 by many with attempting to set up an independent government. His 
 plans were frustrated by the general government, his property confiscated 
 and he was compelled to flee the country for safety. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 73 
 
 In January, 1807, Governor Hull, of Michigan TeiTitor3% made a 
 treaty with the Indians, whereby all that peninsula was ceded to the 
 United States. Before the close of the year, a stockade was built about 
 Detroit. It was also daring this year that Indiana and Illinois endeavored 
 to obtain the repeal of that section of the compact of 1787, whereby 
 slavery was excluded from the Northwest Territory. These attempts, 
 however, all signally failed. 
 
 In 1809 it was deemed advisable to divide the Indiana Territory. 
 This was done, and the Territory of Illinois was formed from the western 
 part, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia. The next year, 
 the intentions of Tecumseh manifested themselves in open hostilities, and 
 then began the events already narrated. 
 
 While this war was in progress, emigration to the West went on with 
 .surprising rapidity. In 1811, under Mr. Roosevelt of New York, the 
 first steamboat trip was made on the Ohio, much to the astonishment of 
 the natives, many of whom fled in terror at the appearance of the 
 " monster." It arrived at Louisville on the 10th day of October. At the 
 close of the first week of January, 1812, it arrived at Natchez, after being 
 nearly overwhelmed in the great earthquake which occurred while on its 
 downward trip. 
 
 The battle of the Thames was fought on October 6, 1813. It 
 effectually closed hostilities in the Northwest, although peace was not 
 fully restored until July 22, 1814, when a treaty was formed at Green- 
 ville, under the direction of General Harrison, between the United States 
 and the Indian tribes, in which it was stipulated that the Indians should 
 cease hostilities against the Americans if the war were continued. Such, 
 happily, was not the case, and on the 24th of December the treaty 
 of Ghent was signed by the representatives of England and the United 
 States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various 
 Indian tribes throughout the West and Northwest, and quiet was again 
 restored in this part of the new world. 
 
 On the 18th of March, 1816, Pittsburgh was incorporated as a city. 
 It then had a population of 8,000 people, and was already noted for its 
 manufacturing interests. On April 19, Indiana Territory was allowed 
 to form a state government. At that time there were thirteen counties 
 organized, containing about sixty-three thousand inhabitants. The first 
 election of state officers was held in August, when Jonathan Jennings 
 was chosen Governor. The officers were sworn in on November 7, sad 
 on December 11, the State was formally admitted into the Union. For 
 some time the. seat of government was at Corydon, but a more central 
 location being desirable, the present capital, Indianapolis (City of Indiana), 
 was laid out January 1, 1825. 
 
74 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 On the 28th of December the Bank of Illinois, at Shawneetown, was 
 chartered, with a capital of $300,000. At this period all banks were 
 under the control of the States, and were allowed to establish bran-ihes 
 at different convenient points. 
 
 Until this time Chillicothe and Cincinnati had in turn enjoyed the 
 privileges of being the capital of Ohio. But the rapid settlement of the 
 northern and eastern portions of the State demanded, as in Indiana, a 
 more central location, and before the close of the year, the site of Col- 
 umbus was selected and surveyed as the future capital of the State. 
 Banking had begun in Ohio as early as 1808, when the first bank was 
 chartered at Marietta, but here as elsewhere it did not bring to the state 
 the hoped-for assistance. It and other banks were subsequently unable 
 to redeem their currency, and were obliged to suspend. 
 
 In 1818, Illinois was made a state, and all the territory north of her 
 northern limits was erected into a separate territory and joined to Mich- 
 igan for judicial purposes. By the following year, navigation of the lakes 
 was increasing with great rapidity and affording an immense source of 
 revenue to the dwellers in the Northwest, but it was not until 1826 that 
 the trade was extended to Lake Michigan, or that steamships began to 
 navigate the bosom of that inland sea. 
 
 Until the year 1832, the commencement of the Black Hawk War, 
 but few hostilities were experienced with the Indians. Roads were 
 opened, canals were dug, cities were built, common schools were estab- 
 lished, universities were founded, many of which, especially the Michigan 
 University, have achieved a world wide-reputation. The people were 
 becoming wealthy. The domains of the United States had been extended, 
 and had the sons of the forest been treated with honesty and justice, the 
 record of many years would have been that of peace and continuous pros- 
 perity. 
 
 BLACK HAWK AND THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 
 
 This conflict, though confined to Illinois, is an important epoch in 
 the Northwestern history, being the last war with the Indians in this part 
 of the United States. 
 
 Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, or Black Hawk, was born in the principal 
 Sac village, about three miles from the junction of Rock River with the 
 Mississippi, in the year 1767. His father's name was Py-e-sa or Pahaes ; 
 his grandfather's, Na-na-ma-kee, or the Thunderer. Black Hawk early 
 distinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted 
 to paint and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783, he 
 Went on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 76 
 
 BLACK HAWK, THE SAC CHIEFTAIN. 
 
76 THE NORTHWEST TERHTTORY. 
 
 of whom he killed and scalped, and for this deed of Indian bravery he was 
 permitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years after he, at the 
 head of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the 
 Osages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to 
 his own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce 
 battle ensued, in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The 
 Sacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Cherokees 
 for a similar cause. In a severe battle with them, near the present City 
 of St. Louis, his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of 
 the " Medicine Bag,'' at once announced himself chief of the Sac nation. 
 He had now conquered the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the 
 head of five hundred Sacs and Foxes, and a hundred lowas, he waged 
 war against the Osage nation and subdued it. For two years he battled 
 successfully with other Indian tribes, all of whom he conquered. 
 
 Black Hawk does not at any time seem to have been friendly to 
 the Americans. When on a visit to St. Louis to see his " Spanish 
 Father," he declined to see any of the Americans, alleging, as a reason, 
 he did not want two fathers. 
 
 The treaty at St. Louis was consummated in 1804. The next year the 
 United States Government erected a fort near the head of the Des Moines 
 Rapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who 
 at once determined to capture Fort Madison, standing on the west side of 
 the Mississippi above the mouth of the Des Moines River. The fort was 
 garrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difl&culties 
 with the British Government arose about this time, and the War of 1812 
 followed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, by 
 giving them arms and ammunition, induced them to remain hostile to the 
 Americans. In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five 
 hundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing on 
 his way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort dearborn Massacre 
 had a few da3^s before occurred. Of his connection with the British 
 Government but little is known. In 1813 he with his little band descended 
 the Mississippi, and attacking some United States troops at Fort Howard 
 was defeated. 
 
 In the early part of 1815, the Indian tribes west of the Mississijipi 
 were notified that peace had been declared between tire United States 
 and England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not 
 sign any treat}*, however, until May of the following year. He then recog- 
 nized the validity of the treaty at St. Louis in 1804. From the time of 
 signing this treaty in 1816, until the breaking out of the war in 1832, he 
 and his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life. 
 
 Ten years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 77 
 
 Indians were urged to join the lowas on the west bank of the Father of 
 "Waters. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of 
 which Black Hawk was leader. He strenuously objected to the removal, 
 and was induced to comply only after being threatened with the power of 
 the Government. This and various actions on the part of the white set- 
 tlers provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his 
 native village now occupied by the whites. The war followed. He and 
 his actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and had his wishes been 
 acquiesced in at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would 
 have been prevented. 
 
 Black Hawk was chief now of the Sac and Fox nations, and a noted 
 warrior. He and his tribe inhabited a village on Rock River, nearly three 
 miles above its' confluence with the Mississippi, where the tribe had lived 
 many generations. When that portion of Illinois was reserved to them, 
 they remained in peaceable possession of their reservation, spending their 
 time in the enjoyment of Indian life. The fine situation of their village 
 and the quality of their lands incited the more lawless white settlers, who 
 from time to time began to encroach upon the red men's domain. From 
 one pretext to another, and from one step to another, the crafty white 
 men gained a foothold, until through whisky and artifice they obtained 
 deeds from many of the Indians for their possessions. The Indians were 
 finally induced to cross over the Father of Waters and locate among the 
 lowas. Black Hawk was strenuously opposed to all this, Init as the 
 authorities of Illinois and the United States thought this the best move, he 
 was forced to comply. Moreover other tribes joined the whites and urged 
 the removal. Black Hawk would not agree to the terms of the treaty 
 made with his nation for their lands, and as soon as the military, called to 
 enforce his removal, had retired, he returned to the Illinois side of the 
 river. A large force was at once raised and marched against him. On 
 the evening of May 14, 1832, the first engagement occurred between a 
 band from this army and Black Hawk's band, in which the former were 
 defeated. 
 
 This attack and its result aroused the whites. A large force of men 
 was raised, and Gen. Scott hastened from the seaboard, by way of the 
 lakes, with United States troops and artillery to aid in the subjugation of 
 the Indians. On the 24th of June, Black Hawk, with 200 warriors, was 
 repulsed by Major Demont between Rock River and Galena. The Ameri- 
 can army continued to move up Rock River toward the main body of 
 the Indians, and on the 21st of July came upon Black Hawk and his band, 
 and defeated them near the Blue Mounds. 
 
 Before this action, Gen. Henry, in command, sent word to the main 
 army by whom he was immediately rejoined, and the whole crossed the 
 
 XoTE.— The above is the generally accepted version of the cause of the Black Hawk War, but in our History of 
 Jo L)av e^s County. 111., we had occasion lo ?'• In il.e buttum of this mutter, and have, we think, found the actual 
 cause of the war, which will be found on page 137. 
 
78 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 Wisconsin in pursuit of Black Hawk and his band who were fleeing to the 
 Mississippi. They were overtaken on the 2d of August, and in the battle 
 which followed the power of the Indian chief was completely broken. He 
 fled, but was seized by the Winnebagoes and delivered to the whites. 
 
 On the 21st of September, 1832, Gen. Scott and Gov. Reynolds con- 
 cluded a treaty with the Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes by which they 
 ceded to the United States a vast tract of country, and agreed to remain 
 peaceable with the whites. For the faithful performance of the provi- 
 sions of this treaty on the part of the Indians, it was stipulated that 
 Black Hawk, his two sons, the prophet Wabokieshiek, and six other chiefs 
 of the hostile bands should be retained as hostages during the pleasure 
 of the President. They were confined at Fort Barracks and put in irons. 
 
 The next Spring, by order of the Secretary of War, they were taken 
 to Washington. From there they were removed to Fortress Monroe, 
 "there to remain until tlie conduct of their nation was such as to justify 
 their being set at libert3^" They were retained here until the 4th of 
 June, when the authorities directed them to be taken to the principal 
 cities so that they might see the folly of contending against the white 
 people. Everywhere they were observed b}^ thousands, the name of the 
 old chief being extensively known. By the middle of August they 
 reached Fort Armstrong on Rock Island, where Black Hawk was soon 
 after released to go to his countrymen. As he passed the site of his birth- 
 place, now the home of the white man, he was deeply moved. His village 
 where he was born, where he had so happily lived, and where he had 
 hoped to die, was now another's dwelling place, and he was a wanderer. 
 
 On the next day after his release, he went at once to his tribe and 
 his lodge. His wife was yet living, and with her he passed the remainder 
 of his days. To his credit it may be said that Black Hawk always re- 
 mained true to his wife, and served her with a devotion uncommon among 
 the Indians, living with her upward of forty years. 
 
 Black Hawk now passed his time hunting and fishing. A deep mel- 
 ancholy had settled over him from which he could not be freed. At all 
 times when he visited the whites he was received with marked atten- 
 tion. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' reunion in Lee County, 
 Illinois, at some of their meetings, and received many tokens of esteem. 
 In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive his 
 annuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold which resulted 
 in a fatal attack of bilious fever which terminated his life on October 8. 
 His faithful wife, who was devotedly attached to him, mourned deeply 
 during his sickness. After his death he was dressed in the uniform pre- 
 sented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried in 
 a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. " The 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 79 
 
 body was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting posture, upon a 
 seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side, the cane, given him 
 by Henry Clay, was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. 
 Many of the old warrior's trophies were placed in the grave, and some 
 Indian garments, together with his favorite weapons." 
 
 No sooner was the Black Hawk war concluded than settlers began 
 rapidly to pour into the northern parts of Illinois, and into Wisconsin, 
 now free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had 
 grown to a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence. 
 In 1835, the formation of a State Government in Michigan was discussed, 
 but did not take active form until two years later, when the State became 
 a part of the Federal Union. 
 
 The main attraction to that portion of the Northwest lying west of 
 Lake Michigan, now included in the State of Wisconsin, was its alluvial 
 wealth. Copper ore was found about Lake Superior. For some time this 
 region was attached to Michigan for judiciary purposes, but in 1830 was 
 made a territory, then including Minnesota and Iowa. The latter State 
 was detached two years later. In 1848, Wisconsin was admitted as a 
 State, Madison being made the capital. We have now traced the various 
 divisions of the Northwest Territory (save a little in Minnesota) from 
 the time it was a unit comprising this vast territory, until circumstances 
 compelled its present division. 
 
 OTHER INDIAN TROUBLES. 
 
 Before leaving this part of the narrative, we will narrate briefly the 
 Indian troubles in Minnesota and elsewhere by the Sioux Indians. 
 
 In August, 1862, the Sioux Indians living on the western borders of 
 Minnesota fell upon the unsuspecting settlers, and in a few hours mas- 
 sacred ten or twelve hundred persons. A distressful panic was the 
 immediate result, fully thirty thousand persons fleeing from their homes 
 to districts supposed to be better protected. The military authorities 
 at once took active measures to punish the savages, and a large number 
 were killed and captured. About a year after, Little Crow, the chief, 
 was killed by a Mr. Lampson near Scattered Lake. Of those captured, 
 thirty were hung at Mankato, and the remainder, through fears of mob 
 violence, were removed to Camp McClellan, on the outskirts of the City 
 of Davenport. It was here that Big Eagle came into prominence and 
 secured his release by the following order : 
 
80 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 BIG EAGLE. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 81 
 
 "Special Ordei-s No. 430. "War Department, 
 
 " Adjutant General's Office, Washington, Dec. 3, 1864. 
 
 "• Big Eagle, an Indian now in confinement at Davenport, Iowa, 
 will, upon the receipt of this order, be immediately released from confine- 
 ment and set at liberty. 
 
 " By order of the President of the United States. 
 " Official : " E. D. Townsend, AssH Adft Gen. 
 
 " Capt. James Vanderventer, Com'?/ Sub. Vols. 
 
 " Through Cora'g Gen'l, Washington, D. C." 
 
 Another Indian who figures more prominently than Big Eagle, and 
 who was more cowardly in his nature, with his band of Modoc Indians,, 
 is noted in the annals of the New Northwest: we refer to Captain Jack. 
 This distinguished Indian, noted for his cowardly murder of Gen. Canby» 
 was a chief of a Modoc tril^e of Indians inhabiting the border lands, 
 between California and Oregon. This region of country comprises what 
 is known as the " Lava Beds," a tract of land described as utterly impene- 
 trable, save by those savages who had made it their home. 
 
 The Modocs are known as an exceedingly fierce and treacherous 
 race. They had, according to their own traditions, resided here for many 
 generations, and at one time were exceedingly numerous and powerful. 
 A famine carried off nearly half their numbers, and disease, indolence 
 and the vices of the white man have reduced them to a poor, weak and 
 insignificant tribe. 
 
 Soon after the settlement of California and Oregon, complaints began 
 to be heard of massacres of emigrant trains passing through the Modoo 
 country. In 1847, an emigrant train, comprising eighteen souls, was en- 
 tirely destroyed at a place since known as " Bloody Point." These occur- 
 rences caused the United States Government to appoint a peace commission,. 
 who, after repeated attempts, in 1864, made a treaty with the Modocs, 
 Snakes and Klamaths, in which it was agreed on their part to remove to. 
 a reservation set apart for them in the southern part of Oregon. 
 
 With the exception of Captain Jack and a band of his followers, who 
 remained at Clear Lake, about six miles from Klamath, all the Indians 
 complied. The Modocs who went to the reservation were under chief 
 Schonchin. Captain Jack remained at the lake without disturbance 
 until 1869, when he was also induced to remove to the reservation. The 
 Modocs and the Klamaths soon became involved in a quarrel, and Captain 
 Jack and his band returned to the Lava Beds. 
 
 Several attempts were made by the Indian Commissioners to induce- 
 them to return to the reservation, and finally becoming involvecl in a 
 
82 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 difficulty with the commissioner and his military escort, a fight ensued, 
 in which the chief and his Land were routed. They were greatly enraged, 
 and on their retreat, before the day closed, killed eleven inoffensive whites. 
 
 The nation was aroused and immediate action demanded. A com- 
 mission was at once appointed by the Government to see what could be 
 done. It comprised the following persons : Gen. E. R. S. Canby, Rev. 
 Dr. E. Thomas, a leading Methodist divine of California; Mr. A. B. 
 Meacham, Judge Rosborough, of California, and a Mr. Dyer, of Oregon. 
 After several interviews, in which the savages were always aggressive, 
 often appearing with scalps in their belts, Bogus Charley came to the 
 commission on the evening of April 10, 1873, and informed them that 
 Capt. Jack and his band would have a " talk '" to-morrow at a place near 
 Clear Lake, about three miles distant. Here the Commissioners, accom- 
 panied by Charley, Riddle, the interpreter, and Boston Charley repaired. 
 After the usual greeting the council proceedings commenced. On behalf 
 of the Indians there were present : Capt. Jack, Black Jim, Schnac Nasty 
 Jim, Ellen's Man, and Hooker Jim. They had no guns, but carried pis- 
 tols. After short speeches by Mr. Meacham, Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas, 
 Chief Schonchin arose to speak. He had scarcely proceeded when, 
 as if by a preconcerted arrangement, Capt. Jack drew his pistol and shot 
 Gen. Canby dead. In less than a minute a dozen shots were fired b}^ the 
 savages, and the massacre completed. Mr. Meacham was shot by Schon- 
 chin, and Dr. Thomas by Boston Charley. Mr. Dyer barely escaped, being 
 fired at twice. Riddle, the interpreter, and his squaw escaped. The 
 troops rushed to the spot where they found Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas 
 dead, and Mr. Meacham badly wounded. The savages had escaped to 
 their impenetrable fastnesses and could not be pursued. 
 
 The whole country was aroused by this brutal massacre ; but it was 
 not until the following May that the murderers were brought to justice. 
 At that time Boston Charley gave himself up, and offered to guide the 
 troops to Capt. Jack's stronghold. This led to the capture of his entire 
 gang, a number of whom were murdered by Oregon volunteers while on 
 their way to trial. The remaining Indians were held as prisoners until 
 Jul}^ when their trial occurred, which led to the conviction of Capt. 
 Jack, Schonchin, Boston Charley, Hooker Jim, Broncho, alias One-Eyed 
 Jim, and Slutuck, who were sentenced to be hanged. These sentences 
 were approved by the President, save in the case of Slotuck and Broncho 
 whose sentences were commuted to imprisonment for life. The others 
 were executed at Fort Klamath, October 3, 1873. 
 
 These closed the Indian troubles for a time in the Northwest, and for 
 several years the borders of civilization remained in peace. They were 
 again involved in a conflict with the savages about the country of the 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 S3 
 
 CAPTAIN JACK, THE MODOC CHIEFTAIN. 
 
jJ4 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 Black Hills, in which war the gallant Gen. Custer lost his life. Just 
 now the borders of Oregon and California are again in fear of hostilities ; 
 but as the Government has learned how to deal with the Indians, they 
 will be of short duration. The red man is fast passing away before the 
 march of the white man, and a few more generations will read of the 
 Indians as one of the nations of the past. 
 
 The Northwest abounds in memorable places. We have generally 
 noticed them in the narrative, but our space forbids their description in 
 detail, save of the most important places. Detroit, Cincinnati, Vincennes, 
 Kaskaskia and their kindred towns have all been described. But ere we 
 leave the narrative we will present our readers with an account of the 
 Kinzie house, the old landmark of Chicago, and the discovery of the 
 source of the Mississippi River, each of which may well find a place in 
 the annals of the Northwest. 
 
 Mr. John Kinzie, of the Kinzie house, represented in the illustra- 
 tion, established a trading house at Fort Dearborn in 1804. The stockade 
 had been erected the year previous, and named Fort Dearborn in honor 
 of the Secretary of ¥/ar. It had a block house at each of the two angles, 
 on the southern side a sallyport, a covered way on the north side, that led 
 down to the river, for the double purpose of providing means of escape, 
 and of procuring water in the event of a siege. 
 
 Fort Dearborn stood on the south bank of the Chicago River, about 
 half a mile from its mouth. When Major Whistler built it, his soldiers 
 hauled all the timber, for he had no oxen, and so economically did he 
 work that the fort cost the Government only fifty dollars. For a while 
 the garrison could get no grain, and W histler and his men subsisted on 
 acorns. Now Chicago is the greatest grain center in the world. 
 
 Mr. Kinzie bought the hut of the first settler, Jean Baptiste Point au 
 Sable, on the site of which he erected his mansion. Within an inclosure 
 in front he planted some Lombardy poplars, seen in the engraving, and in 
 the rear he soon had a fine garden and growing orchard. 
 
 In 1812 the Kinzie house and its surroundings became the theater 
 of stirring events. The garrison of Fort Dearborn consisted of fifty-four 
 men, under the charge of Capt. Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant 
 Lenai T. Helm (son-in-law to Mrs. Kinzie), and Ensign Ronan. The 
 surgeon was Dr. Voorhees. The only residents at the i)Ost at that time 
 were the wives of Capt. Heald and Lieutenant Helm and a few of the 
 soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and a few Canadian voyagers with their 
 wives and children. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on the most 
 friendly terms with the Pottawatomies and tlie Winnebagoes, the prin- 
 cipal tribes around them, but they could not win them from their attach- 
 ment to the Biitish. 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 85 
 
 After the battle of Tippecanoe it was observed that some of the lead- 
 ing chiefs became sullen, for some of their people had perished in that 
 conflict with American troops. 
 
 One evening- in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing his violin and his 
 children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing into 
 the house pale with terror, and exclaiming, " The Indians ! the Indians ! " 
 " What? Where? " eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. " Up at Lee's, killing 
 and scaljiing," answered the frightened mother, Avho, when the alarm was 
 given, was attending Mrs. Burns, a newly-made motlier, living not fur off. 
 
 KTNZIE HOUSE. 
 
 Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river in boats, and took refuge in 
 the fort, to which place Mrs. Burns and her infant, not a day old, were 
 conveyed in safety to the shelter of the guns of Fort Dearborn, and the 
 rest of the white inhabitants fled. The Indians were a scalping party of 
 Winnebagoes, Avho hovered around the fort some days, when they dis- 
 appeared, and for several weeks the inhabitants were not disturbed by 
 alarms. 
 
 Chicago was then so deep in the wilderness, that the news of the 
 declaration of war against Great Britain, made on the 19th of June, 1812, 
 did not reach the commander of the garrison at Fort Dearborn till the 7th 
 of August. Now the fast mail train will carry a man from New York to 
 Chicago in twenty-seven hours, and such a declaration might be sent, 
 every word, by the telegraph in less than the same number of minutes. 
 
86 
 
 THE IS^OETHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 PRESENT CONDITION OF THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 Preceding chapters have brought us to the close of the Black Hawk 
 war, and we now turn to the contemplation of the growth and prosperity 
 of the Northwest under the smile of peace and the blessings of our civili- 
 zation. The pioneers of this region date events back to the deep snow 
 
 A REPRESENTATIVE PIONEER. 
 
 of 1831, no one arriving here since that date taking first honors. The 
 inciting cause of the immigration which overflowed the prairies early in 
 the '30s was the reports of the marvelous beauty and fertility of the 
 region distributed through the East by those who had participated in the 
 Black Hawk campaign with Gen. Scott. Chicago and Milwaukee then 
 had a few hundred inhabitants, and Gurdon S. Hubbard's trail from the 
 former city to Kaskaskia led almost through a wilderness. Veo-etables 
 and clothing were largely distributed through the regions adjoinino- the 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 87 
 
 lakes by steamers from the Ohio towns. There are men now living in 
 Illinois who came to the state when barely an acre was in cultivation, 
 and a man now prominent in the business circles of Chicago looked over 
 the swampy, cheerless site of that metropolis in 1818 and went south 
 ward into civilization. Emigrants from Pennsylvania in 1830 left behind 
 
 LINCOLN MONUMENT, SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. 
 
 them but one small railway in the coal regions, thirty miles in length, 
 and made their way to the Northwest mostly with ox teams, finding in 
 Northern Illinois petty settlements scores of miles apart, although the 
 southern portion of the state was fairly dotted with farms. The 
 water courses of the lakes and rivers furnished transportation to the 
 second great army of immigrants, and about 1850 railroads were 
 pushed to that extent that the crisis of 1837 was precipitated upon us, 
 
88 
 
 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 from the effects of which the Western country had not fully recovered 
 at the outbreak of the war. Hostilities found the colonists of the prairies 
 fully alive to the demands of the occasion, and the honor of recruiting 
 
 i>\(lW^i^V'iI'U!in 
 
 the vast armies of the Union fell largely to the Governors of the "Western 
 States. The struggle, on the "whole, had a marked effect for the better on the 
 new Northwest, giving it an impetus which twenty years of peace would not have 
 produced. In a large degree, this prosperity was an inflated one; and, with 
 the rest of the Union, we have since been compelled to atone therefor by four 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 89 
 
 years of depression of values, of scarcity of employment, and loss of 
 fortune. To a less degree, however, than the manufacturing or mining 
 regions has the West suffered during the prolonged panic now so near its 
 end. Agriculture, still the leading feature in our industries, has been 
 quite prosperous through all these dark years, and the farmers have 
 cleared away many incumbrances resting over them from the period of 
 fictitious values. The population has steadily increased, the arts and 
 sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is 
 becoming daily more extended, and v\^e have been largely exempt from 
 the financial calamities which have nearly wrecked communities on the 
 seaboard dependent wholly on foreign commerce or domestic manufacture. 
 
 At the present period there are no great schemes broached for the 
 Northwest, no propositions for government subsidies or national works 
 of improvement, but the capital of the world is attracted hither for the 
 purchase of our products or the expansion of our capacity for serving ths 
 nation at large. A new era is dawning as to transportation, and we bid 
 fair to deal almost exclusively with the increasing and expanding lines 
 of steel rail running through every few miles of territory on the prairies. 
 The lake marine will no doubt continue to be useful in the warmer 
 season, and to serve as a regulator of freight rates ; but experienced 
 navigators forecast the decay of the system in moving to the seaboard 
 the enormous crops of the West. Within the past five years it has 
 become quite common to see direct shipments to Europe and the West 
 Indies going through from the second-class towns along the Mississippi 
 and Missouri. 
 
 As to popular education, the standard has of late risen very greatly, 
 and our schools would be creditable to any section of the Union. 
 
 More and more as the events of the war pass into obscurity will the 
 fate of the Northwest be linked with that of the Southwest, and the 
 next Congressional apportionment will give the valley of the Mississippi 
 absolute control of the legislation of the nation, and do much toward 
 securing the removal of the Federal capitol to some more central location. 
 
 Our public men continue to wield the full share of influence pertain- 
 ing to their rank in the national autonomy, and seem not to forget that 
 for the past sixteen years they and their constituents have dictated the 
 principles which should govern the country. 
 
 In a work like this, destined to lie on the shelves of the library for 
 generations, and not doomed to daily destruction like a newspaper, one 
 can not indulge in the same glowing predictions, the sanguine statements 
 of actualities that fill the columns of ephemeral publications. Time may 
 bring grief to the pet projects of a writer, and explode castles erected on 
 a pedestal of facts. Yet there are unmistakable indications before us of 
 
90 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 the same radical change in our great Northwest which characterizes its 
 history for the past thirty years. Our domain has a sort of natural 
 geographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the 
 cattle raising districts of the southwest. 
 
 Our prime interest will for some years doubtless be the growth of 
 the food of the world, in which branch it has already outstripped all 
 competitors, and our great rival in this duty will naturally be the fertile 
 plains of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, to say nothing of the new- 
 empire so rapidly growing up in Texas. Over these regions there is a 
 continued progress in agriculture and in railway building, and we must 
 look to our laurels. Intelligent observers of events are fully aware of 
 the strides made in the way of shipments of fresh meats to Europe, 
 many of these ocean cargoes being actually slaughtered in the West and 
 transported on ice to the wharves of the seaboard cities. That this new 
 enterprise will continue there is no reason to doubt. There are in. 
 Chicago several factories for the canning of prepared meats for European 
 consumption, and the orders for this class of goods are already immense. 
 English capital is becoming daily more and more dissatisfied with railway 
 loans and investments, and is gradually seeking mammoth outlays in 
 lands and live stock. The stock yards in Chicago, Indianapolis and East 
 St. Louis are yearly increasing their facilities, and their plant steadily 
 grows more valuable. Importations of blooded animals from the pro- 
 gressive countries of Europe are destined to greatly improve the quality 
 of our beef and mutton. Nowhere is there to be seen a more enticing 
 display in this line than at our state and county fairs, and the interest 
 in the matter is on the increase. 
 
 To attempt to give statistics of our grain production for 1877 would 
 be useless, so far have we surpassed ourselves in the quantity and 
 quality of our product. We are too liable to forget that we are giving 
 the world its first article of necessity — its food supply. An opportunity 
 to learn this fact so it never can be forgotten was afforded at Chicago at 
 the outbreak of the great panic of 1878, when Canadian purchasers, 
 fearing the prostration of business mightbring about an anarchical condition 
 of affairs, went to that city with coin in bulk and foreign drafts to secure 
 their supplies in their own currency at first hands. It may be justly 
 claimed by the agricultural community that their combined efforts gave 
 the nation its first impetus toward a restoration of its crippled industries, 
 and their labor brought the gold premium to a lower depth than the 
 government was able to reach by its most intense efforts of legislation 
 and compulsion. The hundreds of millions about to be disbursed for 
 farm products have akeady, by the anticipation common to all commercial 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 91 
 
 nations, set the wheels in motion, and will relieve us from the perils so 
 long shadowing our efforts to return to a healthy tone. 
 
 Manufacturing has attained in the chief cities a foothold which bida 
 fair to render the Northwest independent of the outside world. Nearly 
 
 our whole region has a distribution of coal measures which will in time 
 support the manufactures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As 
 to transportation, the chief factor in the production of all articles except 
 food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly 
 increasing beyond those of any other region. 
 
92 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 The period from a central point of the war to the outbreak of the 
 panic was marked by a tremendous growth in our railway lines, but the 
 depression of the times caused almost a total suspension of operations. 
 Now tliat prosperity is returning to our stricken country we witness its 
 anticipation by the railroad interest in a series of projects, extensions, 
 and leases which bid fair to largely increase our transportation facilities. 
 The process of foreclosure and sale of incumbered lines is another matter 
 to be considered. In the case of the Illinois Central road, which formerly 
 transferred to other lines at Cairo the vast burden of freight destined for 
 the Gulf region, we now see the incorporation of the tracks connecting 
 through to New Orleans, every mile co-operating in turning toward the 
 northwestern metropolis the weight of the inter-state commerce of a 
 thousand miles or more of fertile plantations. Three competing routes 
 to Texas have established in Chicago their general freight and passenger 
 agencies. Four or five lines compete for all Pacific freights to a point as 
 as far as the interior of Nebraska. Half a dozen or more splendid bridge 
 structures have been thrown across the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers by 
 the railways. The Chicago and Northwestern line has become an aggre- 
 gation of over two thousand miles of rail, and the Chicago, Milwaukee 
 and St. Paul is its close rival in extent and importance. The three lines 
 running to Cairo via Vincennes form a through route for all traffic with 
 the states to the southward. The chief projects now under discussion 
 are the Chicago and Atlantic, which is to unite with lines now built to 
 Charleston, and the Chicago and Canada Southern, which line will con- 
 nect with all the various branches of that Canadian enterprise. Our 
 latest new road is the Chicago and Lake Huron, formed of three lines, 
 and entering the city from Valparaiso on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne 
 and Chicago track. The trunk lines being mainly in operation, the 
 progress made in the way of shortening tracks, making air-line branches, 
 and running extensions does not show to the advantage it deserves, as 
 this process is constantly adding new facilities to the established order 
 of things. The panic reduced the price of steel to a point where the 
 railways could hardly afford to use iron rails, and all our northwestern 
 lines report large relays of Bessemer track. The immense crops now 
 being moved have given a great rise to the value of railway stocks, and 
 their transportation must result in heavy pecuniary advantages. 
 
 Few are aware of the importance of the wholesale and jobbing trade 
 of Chicago. One leading firm has since the panic sold -$24,000,000 of 
 dry goods in one year, and they now expect most confidently to add 
 seventy per cent, to the figures of their last year's business. In boots 
 and shoes and in clothing, twenty or more great firms from the east have 
 placed here their distributing agents or their factories j and in groceries 
 
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 
 
 93 
 
 Chicago supplies the entire Northwest at rates presenting advantages 
 over New York. 
 
 Chicago has stepped in between New York and the rural banks as a 
 financial center, and scarcely a banking institution in the grain or cattle 
 regions but keeps its reserve funds in the vaults of our commercial insti- 
 tutions. Accumulating here throughout the spring and summer months? 
 they are summoned home at pleasure to move the products of the 
 prairies. This process greatly strengthens the northwest in its financial 
 operations, leaving home capital to supplement local operations on 
 behalf of home interests. 
 
 It is impossible to forecast tho destiny of this grand and growing 
 section of the Union. Figures and predictions made at this date might 
 seem ten years hence so ludicrously small as to excite only derision. 
 
 
HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 95 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 It is impossible in our brief space to give more than a meager sketch 
 of such a city as Chicago, which is in itself the greatest marvel of the 
 Prairie State. This mysterious, majestic, mighty city, born first of water, 
 and next of fire ; sown in weakness, and raised in power ; planted among 
 the willows of the marsh, and crowned with the glory of the mountains ; 
 sleeping on the bosom of the prairie, and rocked on the bosom of the sea , 
 
 CHICAGO IN ISo'S. 
 
 the youngest city of the -world, and still the eye of the prairie, as Damas- 
 cus, the oldest city of the world, is the eye of the desert. With a com- 
 merce far exceeding that of Corinth on her isthmus, in the highway to 
 the East; with the defenses of a continent piled around her by the thou- 
 sand miles, making her far safer than Rome on the banks of the Tiber ; 
 
96 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 with schools eclipsing Alexandria and Athens : with liberties more con- 
 spicuous than those of the old republics ; with a heroism equal to the first 
 Cartha"-e, and with a sanctity scarcely second to that of Jerusalem — set 
 your thoughts on all this, lifted into the eyes of all men by the miracle of 
 its growth, illuminated by the flame of its fall, and transfigured by the 
 divinity of its resurrection, and you wall feel, as I do, the utter impossi- 
 bility of compassing this subject as it deserves. Some impression of her 
 importance is received from the shock her burning gave to the civilized 
 world. 
 
 When the doubt of her calamity was removed, and the horrid fact 
 was accepted, there went a shudder over all cities, and a quiver over all 
 lands. There was scarcely a town in the civilized world that did not 
 shake on the brink of this opening chasm. The flames of our homes red- 
 dened all skies. The city was set upon a hill, and could not be hid. All 
 eyes were turned upon it. To have struggled and suffered amid the 
 scenes of its fall is as distinguishing as to have fought at Thermopylae, or 
 Salamis, or Hastings, or Waterloo, or Bunker Hill. 
 
 Its calamity amazed the world, because it was felt to be the common 
 property of mankind. 
 
 The early history of the city is full of interest, just as the early his- 
 tory of such a man as Washington or Lincoln becomes public property, 
 and is cherished by every patriot. 
 
 Starting with 560 acres in 1833, it embraced and occupied 23,000 
 acres in 1869, and, having now a population of more than 500,000, it com- 
 mands general attention. 
 
 The first settler — Jean Baptiste Pointe au Sable, a mulatto from the 
 West Indies — came and began trade with the Indians in 1796. John 
 Kinzie became his successor in 1804, in which 3^ear Fort Dearborn was 
 erected. 
 
 A mere trading-post was kept here from that time till about the time 
 of the Blackhawk war, in 1832. It was not the city. It was merely a 
 cock crowing at midnight. The morning was not yet. In 1833 the set- 
 tlement about the fort was incorporated as a town. The voters were 
 divided on the propriety of such corporation, twelve voting for it and one 
 against it. Four years later it was incorporated as a city, and embraced 
 660 acres. 
 
 The produce handled in this city is an indication of its power. Grain 
 and flour were imported from the East till as late as 1837. The first 
 exportation by way of experiment was in 1839. Exports exceeded imports 
 first in 1842. The Board of Trade was organized in 1848, but it was so 
 weak that it needed nursing till 1855. Grain was purchased by the 
 wagon-load in the street. 
 
 I remember sitting with my father on a load of wheat, in the long 
 
HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 97 
 
 line of wagons along Lake street, while the buyers came and untied the 
 bags, and examined the grain, and made their bids. That manner of 
 business had to cease with the day of small things. Now our elevators 
 will hold 15,000,000 bushels of grain. The cash value of the produce 
 handled in a year is $215,000,000, and the produce weighs 7,000,000 
 tons or 700,000 car loads. This handles thirteen and a half ton each 
 minute, all the year round. One tenth of all the wheat in the United 
 States is handled in Chicago. Even as long ago as 1853 the receipts of 
 grain in Chicago exceeded those of the goodly city of St. Louis, and in 
 1854 the exports of grain from Chicago exceeded those of New York and 
 doubled those of St. Petersburg, Archangel, or Odessa, the largest grain 
 markets in Europe. 
 
 The manufacturing interests of the city are not contemptible. In 
 1873 manufactories employed 45,000 operatives ; in 1876, 60,000. The 
 manufactured product in 1875 was worth $177,000,000. 
 
 No estimate of the size and power of Chicago would be adequate 
 that did not put large emphasis on the railroads. Before they came 
 thundering along our streets canals were the hope of our country. But 
 who ever thinks now of traveling by canal packets ? In June, 1852, 
 there were only forty miles of railroad connected with the city. The 
 old Galena division of the Northwestern ran out to Elgin. But now, 
 who can count the trains and measure the roads that seek a terminus or 
 connection in this city ? The lake stretches away to the north, gathering 
 in to this center all the harvests that might otherwise pass to the north 
 of us. If you will take a map and look at the adjustment of railroads, 
 you will see, first, that Chicago is the great railroad center of the world, 
 as New York is the commercial city of this continent ; and, second, that 
 the railroad lines form the iron spokes of a great wheel whose hub is 
 this city. The lake furnishes the only break in the spokes, and this 
 seems simply to have pushed a few spokes together on each shore. See 
 the eighteen trunk lines, exclusive of eastern connections. 
 
 Pass round the circle, and view their numbers and extent. There 
 is the great Northwestern, with all its branches, one branch creeping 
 along the lake shore, and so reaching to the north, into the Lake Superior 
 regions, away to the right, and on to the Northern Pacific on the left, 
 swinging around Green Bay for iron and copper and silver, twelve months 
 in the year, and reaching out for the wealth of the great agricultural 
 belt and isothermal line traversed by the Northern Pacific. Another 
 branch, not so far north, feeling for the heart of the Badger State. 
 Another pushing lower down the Mississippi — all these make many con- 
 nections, and tapping all the vast wheat regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, 
 Iowa, and all the regions this side of sunset. There is that elegant road, 
 the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, running out a goodly number of 
 
98 
 
 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 OLD FOKT DEARBORN, 1830. 
 
 PRESENT SITE OF LAKE STREET BRIDGE, CHICAGO, IN 1833. 
 
(deceased) 
 coffins grove tp. 
 
HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 99 
 
 branches, and reaping the great fields this side of the Missouri River. 
 I can only mention the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, our Illinois Central, 
 described elsewhere, and the Chicago & Rock Island. Further around 
 we come to the lines connecting us with all the eastern cities. The 
 Chicago, Indianapolis & St. Louis, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & 
 Chicago, the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, and the Michigan Cen- 
 tral and Great Western, give us many highways to the seaboard. Thus we 
 reach the Mississippi at five points, from St. Paul to Cairo and the Gulf 
 itself by two routes. We also reach Cincinnati and Baltimore, and Pitts- 
 burgh and Philadelphia, and New York. North and south run the water 
 courses of the lakes and the rivers, broken just enough at this point to 
 make a pass. Through this, from east to west, run the long lines that 
 stretch from ocean to ocean. 
 
 This is the neck of the glass, and the golden sands of commerce 
 must pass into our hands. Altogether we have more than 10,000 miles 
 of railroad, directly tributary to this city, seeking to unload their wealth 
 in our coffers. All these roads have come themselves by the infallible 
 instinct of capital. Not a dollar was ever given by the city to secure 
 one of them, and only a small per cent, of stock taken originally by her 
 citizens, and that taken simply as an investment. Coming in the natural 
 order of events, they will not be easily diverted. 
 
 There is still another showing to all this. The connection between 
 New York and San Francisco is by the middle route. This passes inevit- 
 ably through Chicago. St. Louis wants the Southern Pacific or Kansas 
 Pacific, and pushes it out through Denver, and so on up to Cheyenne. 
 But before the road is fairly under way, the Chicago roads shove out to 
 Kansas City, making even the Kansas Pacific a feeder, and actually leav- 
 ing St. Louis out in the cold. It is not too much to expect that Dakota, 
 Montana, and Washington Territory will find their great market in Chi- 
 cago. 
 
 But these are not all. Perhaps I had better notice here the ten or 
 fifteen new roads that have just entered, or are just entering, our city. 
 Their names are all that is necessary to give. Chicago & St. Paul, look- 
 ing up the Red River country to the British possessions ; the Chicago, 
 Atlantic & Pacific ; the Chicago, Decatur & State Line ; the Baltimore & 
 Ohio; the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes; the Chicago & LaSalle Rail- 
 road ; the Chicago, Pittsburgh & Cincinnati ; the Chicago and Canada 
 Southern ; the Chicago and Illinois River Railroad. These, with their 
 connections, and with the new connections of the old roads, already in 
 process of erection, give to Chicago not less than 10,000 miles of new 
 tributaries from the richest land on the continent. Thus there will be 
 added to the reserve power, to the capital within reach of this city, not 
 less than $1,000,000,000. 
 
100 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 Add to all this transporting power the ships that sail one every nine 
 minutes of the business hours of the season of navigation ; add, also, the 
 canal boats that leave one every five minutes during the same time — and 
 you will see something of the business of the city. 
 
 THE COMMERCE OP THIS CITY 
 
 has been leaping along to keep pace with the growth of the country 
 around us. In 1852, our commerce reached the hopeful sum of 
 $20,000,000. In 1870 it reached $400,000,000. In 1871 it was pushed 
 up above $450,000,000. And in 1875 it touched nearly double that. 
 
 One-half of our imported goods come directly to Chicago. Grain 
 enough is exported directly from our docks to the old world to employ a 
 semi-weekly line of steamers of 3,000 tons capacity. This branch is 
 not likely to be greatly developed. Even after the great Welland Canal 
 is completed we shall have only fourteen feet of water. The great ocean 
 vessels will continue to control the trade. 
 
 The banking capital of Chicago is $24,431,000. Total exchange in 
 1875, $659,000,000. Her wholesale business in 1875 was $294,000,000. 
 The rate of taxes is less than in an}'^ other great city. 
 
 The schools of Chicago are unsurpassed in America. Out of a popu- 
 lation of 300,000 there were only 186 persons between the ages of six 
 and twenty-one unable to read. This is the best known record. 
 
 In 1831 the mail system was condensed into a half-breed, who went 
 on foot to Niles, Mich,, once in two weeks, and brought back what papers 
 and news he could find. As late as 1846 there was often only one mail 
 a week. A post-office was established in Chicago in 1833, and the post- 
 master nailed up old boot-legs on one side of his shop to serve as boxes 
 for the nabobs and literary men. 
 
 It is an interesting fact in the growth of the young city that in the 
 active life of the business men of that day the mail matter has gi'own to 
 a daily average of over 6,500 pounds. It speaks equally well for the 
 intelligence of the people and the commercial importance of the place, 
 that the mail matter distributed to the territory immediately tributary to 
 Chicago is seven times greater than that distributed to the territory 
 immediately trilmtary to St. Louis. 
 
 The improvements that have characterized the city are as startling 
 as the city itself. In 1831, Mark Beaubien established a ferry over the 
 river, and put himself vmder bonds to carry all the citizens free for the 
 privilege of charging strangers. Now there are twenty-four large brido-es 
 and two tunnels. 
 
 In 1833 the government expended $30,000 on the harbor. Then 
 commenced that series of manoeuvers with the river that has made it one 
 
' HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 101 
 
 of the ■world's curiosities. It used to "wind around in tlie lower end of 
 the town, and make its way rippling over the sand into the lake at the 
 foot of Madison street. They took it up and put it down where it now 
 is. It was a narrow stream, so narrow that even moderately small crafts 
 had to go up through the willows and cat's tails to the point near Lake 
 street bridge, and back up one of the branches to get room enough in 
 which to turn around. 
 
 In 1844 the quagmires in the streets were first pontooned by plank 
 roads, which acted in wet weather as public squirt-guns. Keeping you 
 out of the mud, they compromised by squirting the mud over you. The 
 wooden-block pavements came to Chicago in 1857. In 1840 water was 
 delivered by peddlers in carts or by hand. Then a twenty -five horse- 
 power engine pushed it through hollow or bored logs along the streets 
 till 1854, when it was introduced into the houses by new works. The 
 first fire-engine was used in 1835, and the first steam fire-engine in 1859. 
 Gas was utilized for lighting the city in 1850. The Young Men's Chris- 
 tian Association was organized in 1858, and horse railroads carried them 
 to their work in 1859. The museum was opened in 1863. The alarm 
 telegraph adopted in 1864. The opera-house built in 1865. The city 
 grew from 560 acres in 1833 to 23,000 in 1869. In 1834, the taxes 
 amounted to $48.90, and the trustees of the town borrowed $60 more for 
 opening and improving streets. In 1835, the legislature authorized a loan 
 of $2,000, and the treasurer and street commissioners resigned rather than 
 plunge the town into such a gulf. 
 
 Now the city embraces 36 square miles of territory, and has 30 miles 
 of water front, besides the outside harbor of refuge, of 400 acres, inclosed 
 by a crib sea-wall. One-third of the city has been raised up an average 
 of eight feet, giving good pitch to the 263 miles of sewerage. The water 
 of the city is above all competition. It is received through two tunnels 
 extending to a crib in the lake two miles from shore. The closest analy- 
 sis fails to detect any impurities, and, received 35 feet below the surface, 
 it is always clear and cold. The first tunnel is five feet two inches in 
 diameter and two miles long, and can deliver 50,000,000 of gallons per 
 day. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter and six miles long, 
 running four miles under the city, and can deliver 100,000,000 of gal- 
 lons per day. This water is distributed through 410 miles of water- 
 mains. 
 
 The three grand engineering exploits of the city are : First, lifting 
 the city up on jack-screws, whole squares at a time, without interrupting 
 the business, thus giving us good drainage ; second, running the tunnels 
 under the lake, giving us the best water in the world ; and third, the 
 turning the current of the river in its own channel, delivering us from the 
 old abominations, and making decency possible. They redound about 
 
102 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 equally to the credit of the engineering, to the energy of the people, and 
 to the health of the city. 
 
 That which really constitutes the city, its indescribable spirit, its soul, 
 the way it lights up in every feature in the hour of action, has not been 
 touched. In meeting strangers, one is often surprised how some homely 
 women marry so well. Their forms are bad, their gait uneven and awk- 
 ward, their complexion is dull, their features are misshapen and mismatch- 
 ed, and when we see them there is no beauty that we should desire them. 
 But when once they are aroused on some subject, they put on new pro- 
 portions. They light up into great power. The real person comes out 
 from its unseemly ambush, and captures us at will. They have power. 
 They have ability to cause things to come to pass. We no longer wonder 
 why they are in such high demand. So it is with our city. 
 
 There is no grand scenery except the two seas, one of water, the 
 other of prairie. Nevertheless, there is a spirit a^bout it, a push, a breadth, 
 a power, that soon makes it a place never to be forsaken. One soon 
 ceases to believe in impossibilities. Balaams are the only prophets that are 
 disappointed. The bottom that has been on the point of falling out has 
 been there so long that it has grown fast. It can not fall out. It has all 
 the capital of the world itching to get inside the corporation. 
 
 The two great laws that govern the growth and size of cities are, 
 first, the amount of territory for which they are the distributing and 
 receiving points ; second, the number of medium or moderate dealers that 
 do this distributing. Monopolists build up themselves, not the cities. 
 They neither eat, wear, nor live in proportion to their business. Both 
 these laws help Chicago. 
 
 The tide of trade is eastward — not up or down the map, but across 
 the map. The lake runs up a wingdam for 500 miles to gather in the 
 Inisiness. Commerce can not ferry up there for seven months in the year, 
 and the facilities for seven months can do the work for twelve. Then the 
 great region west of us is nearly all good, productive land. Dropping 
 south into the trail of St. Louis, you fall into vast deserts and rocky dis- 
 tricts, useful in holding the world together. St. Louis and Cincinnati, 
 instead of rivaling and hurting Chicago, are her greatest sureties of 
 dominion. They are far enough away to give sea-room, — ^^farther off than 
 Paris is from London, — and yet they are near enough to prevent the 
 springing up of any other great city between them. 
 
 St. Louis will be helped by the opening of the Mississippi, but also 
 hurt. That will put New Orleans on her feet, and with a railroad running 
 over into Texas and so West, she will tap the streams that now crawl up 
 the Texas and Missouri road. The current is East, not North, and a sea- 
 port at New Orleans can not permanently help St. Louis. 
 
 Chicago is in the field almost alone, to handle the wealth of one- 
 
HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 103 
 
 fourth of the territory of this great republic. This strip of seacoast 
 divides its margins between Portland, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, 
 Baltimore and Savannah, or some other great port to be created for the 
 South in the next decade. But Chicago has a dozen empires casting their 
 treasures into her lap. On a bed of coal that can run all the machinery 
 of the world for 500 centuries ; in a garden that can feed the race by the 
 thousand years ; at the head of the lakes that give her a temperature as a 
 summer resort equaled by no great city in the land ; with a climate that 
 insures the health of her citizens ; surrounded by all the great deposits 
 of natural wealth in mines and forests and herds, Chicago is the wonder 
 of to-day, and will be the city of the future. 
 
 MASSACRE AT FORT DEARBORN. 
 
 During the war of 1812, Fort Dearborn became the theater of stirring 
 events. The garrison consisted of fifty-four men under command of 
 Captain Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant Helm (son-in-law of Mrs. 
 Kinzie) and Ensign Ronan. Dr. Voorhees was surgeon. The only resi- 
 dents at the post at that time were the wives of Captain Heald and Lieu- 
 tenant Helm, and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and 
 a few Canadian voyageurs, with their wives and children. The soldiers 
 and Mr. Kinzie were on most friendly terms with the Pottawattamies 
 and Winnebagos, the principal tribes around them, but they could not 
 win them from their attachment to the British. 
 
 One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing on his violin and 
 his children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing 
 into the house, pale with terror, and exclaiming: "The Indians! the 
 Indians!" "What? Where?" eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. "Up 
 at Lee's, killing and scalping," answered the frightened mother, who, 
 when the alarm was given, was attending Mrs. Barnes (just confined) 
 living not far off. Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river and took 
 refuge in the fort, to which place Mrs. Barnes and her infant not a day 
 old were safely conveyed. The rest of the inhabitants took shelter in the 
 fort. This alarm was caused by a scalping party of Winnebagos, who 
 hovered about the fort several days, when they disappeared, and for several 
 weeks the inhabitants were undisturbed. 
 
 On the Tth of August, 1812, General Hull, at Detroit, sent orders to 
 Captain Heald to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and to distribute all the United 
 States property to the Indians in the neighborhood — a most insane order. 
 The Pottawattamie chief, who brought the dispatch, had more wisdom 
 than the commanding general. He advised Captain Heald not to make 
 the distribution. Said he : " Leave the fort and stores as they are, and 
 let the Indians make distribution for themselves ; and while they are 
 engaged in the business, the white people may escape to Fort Wayne." 
 

 ^j^m <^^ (fe ■'''1 )!' 
 
HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 105 
 
 Captain Heald held a council with the Indians on the afternoon of 
 the 12th, in which his officers refused to join, for they had been informed 
 that treachery was designed — that the Indians intended to murder the 
 white people in the council, and then destroy those in the fort. Captain 
 Heald, however, took the precaution to open a port-hole displaying a 
 cannon pointing directly upon the council, and by that means saved 
 his life. 
 
 Mr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Captain Heald not 
 to confide in their promises, nor distribute the arms and munitions amono- 
 them, for it would only put power into their hands to destroy the whites. 
 Acting upon this advice, Heald resolved to withhold the munitions of 
 war ; and on the night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other 
 property had been made, the powder, ball and liquors were thrown into 
 the river, the muskets broken up and destroyed. 
 
 Black Partridge, a friendly chief, came to Captain Heald, and said : 
 *' Linden birds have been singing in my ears to-day: be careful on the 
 march you are going to take." On that dark night vigilant Indians had 
 crept near the fort and discovered the destruction of their promised booty 
 going on within. The next morning the powder was seen floating on the 
 surface of the river. The savages were exasperated and made loud com- 
 plaints and threats. 
 
 On the following day when preparations were making to leave the 
 fort, and all the inmates were deeply impressed with a sense of impend- 
 ing danger, Capt. Wells, an uncle of Mrs. Heald, was discovered upon 
 the Indian trail among the sand-hills on the borders of the lake, not far 
 distant, with a band of mounted Miamis, of whose tribe he was chief, 
 having been adopted by the famous Miami warrior, Little Turtle. When 
 news of Hull's surrender reached Fort Wayne, he had started with this 
 force to assist Heald in defending Fort Dearborn. He was too late. 
 Every means for its defense had been destroyed the night before, and 
 arrangements were made for leaving the fort on the morning of the 15th. 
 
 It was a warm bright morning in the middle of August. Indications 
 were positive that the savages intended to murder the white people; and 
 when they moved out of the southern gate of the fort, the march was 
 like a funeral procession. The band, feeling the solemnity of the occa- 
 sion, struck up the Dead March in Saul. 
 
 Capt. Wells, who had blackened his face with gun-powder in token 
 of his fate, took the lead with his band of Miamis, followed by Capt. 
 Heald, with his wife by his side on horseback. Mr. Kinzie hoped by his 
 personal influence to avert the impending blow, and therefore accompanied 
 them, leaving his family in a boat in charge of a friendly Indian, to be 
 taken to his trading station at the site of Niles, Michigan, in the event of 
 his death. 
 
106 
 
 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 
 
HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 107 
 
 The procession moved slowly along the lake shore till they reached 
 the sand-hills between the prairie and the beach, when the Pottawattamie 
 escort, under the leadership of Blackbird, filed to the right, placing those 
 hills between them and the white people. Wells, with his Miamis, had 
 kept in the advance. They suddenly came rushing back, Wells exclaim- 
 ing, " They are about to attack us ; form instantly." These words were 
 quickly followed by a storm of bullets, which came whistling over the 
 little hills wliich the treacherous savages had made the covert for their 
 murderous attack. The white troops charged upon the Indians, drove 
 them back to the prairie, and then the battle was waged between fifty- 
 four soldiers, twelve civilians and three or four women (the cowardly 
 Miamis having fled at the outset) against five hundred Indian warriors. 
 The white people, hopeless, resolved to sell their lives as dearly as possible. 
 Ensign Ronan wielded his weapon vigorously, even after falling upon his 
 knees weak from the loss of blood. Capt. Wells, who was by the side of 
 his niece, Mrs. Heald, when the conflict began, behaved with the greatest 
 coolness and courage. He said to her, "We have not the slightest chance 
 for life. We must part to meet no more in this world. God bless you." 
 And then he dashed forward. Seeing a young warrior, painted like a 
 demon, climb into a wagon in which were twelve children, and tomahawk 
 them all, he cried out, unmindful of his personal danger, " If that is your 
 game, butchering women and children, I will kill too." He spurred his 
 horse towards the Indian camp, where they had left their squaws and 
 papooses, hotly pursued by swift-footed young warriors, who sent bullets 
 whistling after him. One of these killed his horse and wounded him 
 severely in the leg. With a yell the young braves rushed to make him 
 their prisoner and reserve him for torture. He resolved not to be made 
 a captive, and by the use of the most provoking epithets tried to induce 
 them to kill him instantly. He called a fiery young chief a squaw, when 
 the enraged warrior killed Wells instantly with his tomahawk, jumped 
 upon his body, cut out his heart, and ate a portion of the warm morsel 
 with savage delight ! 
 
 In this fearful combat women bore a conspicuous part. Mrs. Heald 
 was an excellent equestrian and an expert in the use of the rifle. She 
 fought the savages bravely, receiving several severe wounds. Though 
 faint from the loss of blood, she managed to keep her saddle. A savage 
 raised his tomahawk to kill her, when she looked him full in the face, 
 and with a sweet smile and in a gentle voice said, in his own language, 
 " Surely you will not kill a squaw ! " The arm of the savage fell, and 
 the life of the heroic woman was saved. 
 
 Mrs. Helm, the step-daughter of Mr. Kinzie, had an encounter with 
 a stout Indian, who attempted to tomahawk her. Springing to one side, 
 she received the glancing blow on her shoulder, and at the same instant 
 
108 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST, 
 
 seized the savage round the neck with her arms and endeavored to get 
 hold of his scalping knife, which hung in a sheath at his breast. While 
 she was thus struggling she Avas dragged from iier antagonist by anc ':hei 
 powerful Indian, who bore her, in spite of her struggles, to the margin 
 of the lake and plunged her in. To her astonishment she was held by 
 him so that she would not drown, and she soon perceived that she was 
 in the hands of the friendly Black Partridge, who had saved her life. 
 
 The wife of Sergeant Holt, a large and powerful woman, behaved as 
 bravely as an Amazon. She rode a fine, high-spirited horse, which the 
 Indians coveted, and several of them attacked her with the butts of their 
 guns, for the purpose of dismounting her ; but she used the sword which 
 she had snatclied from her disabled husband so skillfully that she foiled 
 them ; and, suddenly wheeling her horse, she dashed over the prairie, 
 followed by the savages shouting, " The brave woman ! the brave woman ! 
 Don't hurt her I " They finally overtook her, and while she was fighting 
 them in front, a powerful savage came up behind her, seized her by the 
 neck and dragged her to the ground. Horse and woman were made 
 captives. Mrs. Holt was a long time a captive among the Indians, but 
 was afterwards ransomed. 
 
 In this sharp conflict two-thirds of the white people were slain and 
 wounded, and all their horses, baggage and provision were lost. Only 
 twenty-eight straggling men now remained to fight five hundred Indians 
 rendered furious by the sight of blood. They succeeded in breaking 
 through the ranks of the murderers and gaining a slight eminence on the 
 prairie near the Oak Woods. The Indians did not pursue, but gathered 
 on their flanks, while the chiefs held a consultation on the sand-hills, and 
 showed signs of willingness to parley. It would have been madness on 
 the part of the whites to renew the fight ; and so Capt. Heald went for- 
 ward and met Blackbird on the open prairie, where terms of surrender 
 were soon agreed upon. It was arranged that the white people should 
 give up their arms to Blackbird, and that the survivors should become 
 prisoners of war, to be exchanged for ransoms as soon as practicable. 
 With this understanding captives and captors started for the Indian 
 camp near the fort, to which Mrs. Helm had been taken bleeding and 
 suffering by Black Partridge, and had met her step-father and learned 
 that her husband was safe. 
 
 A new scene of horror was now opened at the Indian camp. The 
 wounded, not being included in the terms of surrender, as it was inter- 
 preted by the Indians, and the British general. Proctor, having offered a 
 liberal bounty for American scalps, delivered at Maiden, nearly all the 
 wounded men were killed and scalped, and the price of the trophies was 
 afterwards paid by the British government. 
 
THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. 
 
 The State of Iowa has an outline figure nearly approaching that of a rec- 
 tangular parallelogram, the northern and southern boundaries being nearly due 
 east and west lines, and its eastern and western boundaries determined by 
 southerly flowing rivers — the Mississippi on the east, and the Missouri, together 
 with its tributary, the Big Sioux, on the west. The northern boundary is upon 
 the parallel of forty-three degrees thirty minutes, and the southern is approxi- 
 mately upon that of forty degrees and thirty-six minutes. The distance from 
 the northern to the southern boundary, excluding the small prominent angle at 
 the southeast corner, is a little more than two hundred miles. Owing to the 
 irregularity of the river boundaries, however, the number of square miles does 
 not reach that of the multiple of these numbers ; but according to a report of 
 the Secretary of the Treasury to the United States Senate, March 12, 1863, 
 the State of Iowa contains 35,228,200 acres, or 55,044 square miles. When it 
 is understood that all this vast extent of surface, except that which is occupied 
 by our rivers, lakes and peat beds of the northern counties, is susceptible of the 
 highest cultivation, some idea may be formed of the immense agricultural 
 resources of the State. Iowa is nearly as large as England, and twice as large 
 as Scotland ; but when we consider the relative area of surface which may be 
 made to yield to the wants of man, those countries of the Old World will bear 
 no comparison with Iowa. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 No complete topographical survey of the State of Iowa has yet been made. 
 Therefore all the knowledge we have yet upon the subject has been obtained 
 from incidental observations of geological corps, from barometrical observations 
 by authority of the General Government, and levelings done by railroad en- 
 gineer corps within the State. 
 
 Taking into view the facts that the highest point in the State is but a little 
 more than twelve hundred feet above the lowest point, that these two points are 
 nearly three hundred miles apart, and that the whole State is traversed by 
 
 109 
 
110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 (rently flowing rivers, it will be seen that in reality the State of Iowa rests 
 wholly within, and comprises a part of, a vast plain, with no mountain or hill 
 ranees within its borders. 
 
 A clearer idea of the great uniformity of the surface of the State may be 
 obtained from a statement of the general slopes in feet per mile, from point to 
 point, in straight lines across it : 
 
 From the N. E. corner to the S. E. corner of the State 1 foot 1 inch per mile. 
 
 From the N. E. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feet 5 inches per mile. 
 
 From the N. W. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feetO inches per mile. 
 
 From the N. W. corner to the S. W. corner of the State 2 feet inches per mile. 
 
 From the S. W. corner to the highest ridge between the two 
 
 great rivers (in Ringgold County)... 4 feet 1 inch per mile 
 
 From the dividing ridge in the S. E. corner of the State 5 feet 7 inches per mile. 
 
 From the highest point in the State (near Spirit Lake) to the 
 lowest point in the State (at the mouth of Des Moines 
 River) 4 feet inches per mile. 
 
 It will be seen, therefore, that there is a good degree of propriety in regard- 
 ing the whole State as a part of a great plain, the lowest point of which within 
 its borders, the southeast corner of the State, is only 444 feet above the level of 
 the sea. The average height of the whole State above the level of the sea is 
 not far from eight hundred feet, although it is more than a thousand miles 
 inland from the nearest sea coast. These remarks are, of course, to be under- 
 stood as applying to the surface of the State as a whole. When we come to 
 consider its surface feature in detail, we find a great diversity of surface by the 
 formation of valleys out of the general level, which have been evolved by the 
 action of streams during the unnumbered years of the terrace epoch. 
 
 It is in the northeastern part of the State that the river valleys are deepest ; 
 consequently the country there has the greatest diversity of surface, and its 
 physical features are most strongly marked. 
 
 DRAINAGE SYSTEM. , 
 
 The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers form the eastern and western bounda- 
 ries of the State, and receive the eastern and western drainage of it. 
 
 The eastern drainage system comprises not far from two- thirds of the en- 
 tire surface of the State. The great watershed which divides these two systems 
 is formed by the highest land between those rivers along the whole length of a 
 line running southward from a point on the northern boundary line of the State 
 near Spirit Lake, in Dickinson County, to a nearly central point in the northern 
 part of Adair County. 
 
 From the last named point, this highest ridge of land, between the two great 
 rivers, continues southward, without change of character, through Ringgold 
 County into the State of Missouri ; but southward from that point, in Adair 
 County, it is no longer the great watershed. From that point, another and 
 lower ridge bears off more nearly southeastward, through the counties of Madi- 
 son, Clarke, Lucas and Appanoose, and becomes itself the great watershed. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Ill 
 
 RIVERS. 
 
 All streams that rise in Iowa rise upon the incoherent surface deposits, 
 occupying at first only slight depressions in the surface, and scarcely percept- 
 ible. These successively coalesce to form the streams. 
 
 The drift and bluff deposits are both so thick in Iowa that its streams not 
 only rise upon their surface, but they also reach considerable depth into these 
 deposits alone, in some cases to a depth of nearly two hundred feet from the 
 general prairie level. 
 
 The majority of streams that constitute the western system of Iowa drainage 
 run, either along the whole or a part of their course, upon that peculir deposit 
 known as bluff deposit. Their banks are often, even of the small streams, 
 from five to ten feet in height, quite perpendicular, so that they make the 
 streams almost everywhere unfordable, and a great impediment to travel across 
 the open country where there are no bridges. 
 
 The material of this deposit is of a slightly yellowish ash color, except 
 where darkened by decaying vegetation, very fine and silicious, but not sandy, 
 not very cohesive, and not at all plastic. It forms excellent soil, and does not 
 bake or crack in drying, except limy concretions, which are generally dis- 
 tributed throughout the mass, in shape and size resembling pebbles ; not a 
 stone or pebble can be found in the whole deposit. It was called " silicious 
 marl" by Dr. Owen, in his geological report to the General Government, and 
 its origin referred to an accumulation of sediment in an ancient lake, which 
 was afterward drained, when its sediment became dry land. Prof Swallaw 
 gives it the name of " bluff," which is here adopted ; the term Lacustral would 
 have been better. The peculiar properties of this deposit are that it will stand 
 securely with a precipitous front two hundred feet high, and yet is easily 
 excavated with a spade. Wells dug in it require only to be walled to a point just 
 above the water line. Yet, compact as it is, it is very porous, so that water 
 which falls on its surface does not remain, but percolates through it; neither 
 does it accumulate within its mass, as it does upon the surface of and within 
 the drift and the stratified formations. 
 
 The bluff deposit is known to occupy a region through which the Missouri 
 runs almost centrally, and measures, as far as is known, more than two hun- 
 dred miles in length and nearly one hundred miles in width. The thickest 
 part yet known in Iowa is in Fremont County, where it reaches two hundred 
 feet. The boundaries of this deposit in Iowa are nearly as follows : Com- 
 mencing at the southeast corner of Fremont County, follow up the watershed 
 between the East Nishnabotany and the West Tarkio Rivers to the southern 
 boundary of Cass County ; thence to the center of Audubon County ; thence 
 to Tip Top Station, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway ; thence by a 
 broad curve westward to the northwest corner of Plymouth County. 
 
 This deposit is composed of fine sedimentary particles, similar to that 
 which the Missouri River now deposits from its waters, and is the same which 
 
112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 that river did deposit in a broad depression in the surface of the drift that 
 formed a hike-like expansion of that river in the earliest period of the history 
 of its valley. That lake, as shown by its deposit, which now remains, was 
 about one hundred miles wide and more than twice as long. The water of the 
 river was muddy then, as now, and the broad lake became filled with the sedi- 
 ment Avliich the river brought down, before its valley had enough in the lower 
 portion of its course to drain it. After the lake became filled with the sedi- 
 ment, the valley below became deepened by the constant erosive action of the 
 waters, to a depth of more than sufficient to have drained the lake of its first 
 waters ; but the only effect then was to cause it to cut its valley out of the de- 
 posits its own muddy waters had formed. Thus along the valley of that river, 
 so far as it forms the western boundary of Iowa, the bluffs which border it are 
 composed of that sediment known as bluff deposit, forming a distinct border 
 alonw the broad, level flood plain, the width of which varies from five to fifteen 
 miles, while the original sedimentary deposit stretches far inland. 
 
 All the rivers of the western system of drainage, except the Missouri itself, 
 are quite incomplete as rivers, in consequence of their being really only 
 branches of other larger tributaries of that great river, or, if they empty into 
 the Missouri direct, they have yet all the usual characteristics of Iowa rivers, 
 from their sources to their mouths. 
 
 Chariton and Grrand Rivers both rise and run for the first twenty-five miles 
 of their courses upon the drift deposit alone. The first strata that are exposed 
 by the deepening valleys of both these streams belong to the upper coal meas- 
 ures, and they both continue upon the same formation until they make their 
 exit from the State (the former in Appanoose County, the latter in Ringgold 
 County), near the boundary of which they have passed nearly or quite through 
 the whole of that formation to the middle coal measures. Their valleys gradu- 
 ally deepen from their upper portions downward, so that within fifteen or twenty- 
 miles they have reached a depth of near a hundred and fifty feet below the gen- 
 eral level of the adjacent high land. When the rivers have cut their valleys 
 down through the series of limestone strata, they reach those of a clayey com- 
 position. Upon these they widen their valleys and make broad flood plains 
 (commonly termed "bottoms"), the soil of which is stiff' and clayey, except 
 where modified by sandy washings. 
 
 A considerable breadth of woodland occupies the bottoms and valley sides 
 along a great part of their length ; but their upper branches and tributaries are 
 mostly prairie streams. 
 
 Platte River. — This river belongs mainly to ^lissouri. Its upper branches 
 pass through Ringgold County, and, with the west fork of the Grand River, 
 drain a large region of country. 
 
 Here the drift deposit reaches its maximum thickness on an east and west 
 line across the State, and the valleys are eroded in some instances to a depth of 
 two hundred feet, apparently, through this deposit alone. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 113 
 
 The term '' drift deposit " applies to the soil and sub-soil of the greater part 
 of the State, and in it alone many of our wells are dug and our forests take 
 root. It rests upon the stratified rocks. It is composed of clay, sand, gravel 
 aud boulders, promiscuously intermixed, without stratification, varying in char- 
 acter in different parts of the State. 
 
 The proportion of lime in the drift of Iowa is so great that the water of all 
 our wells and springs is too ''hard" for washing purposes; and the same sub- 
 stance is so prevalent in the drift clays that they are always found to have suffi- 
 cient flux Avhen used for the manufacture of brick. 
 
 One Hundred and Two Rivei' is represented in Taylor County, the valleys 
 of which have the same general character of those j ust described. The country 
 around and between the east and west forks of this stream is almost entirely 
 prairie. 
 
 Nodaway River. — This stream is represented by east, middle and west 
 branches. The two former rise in Adair County, the latter in Cass County. 
 These rivers and valleys are fine examples of the small rivers and valleys of 
 Southern Iowa. They have the general character of drift valleys, and with 
 beautiful undulating and sloping sides. The Nodaways drain one of the finest 
 agricultural regions in the State, the soil of which is tillable almost to their very 
 banks. The banks and the adjacent narrow flood plains are almost everywhere 
 composed of a rich, deep, dark loam. 
 
 Nishnahotany River. — This river is represented by east and west branches, 
 the former having its source in Anderson County, the latter in Shelby County, 
 Both these branches, from their source to their confluence — and also the main 
 stream, from thence to the point where it enters the great flood plain of the 
 Missouri — run through a region the surface of which is occupied by the blujQf 
 deposit. The West Nishnahotany is probably without any valuable mill sites. 
 In the western part of Cass County, the East Nishnahotany loses its identity 
 by becoming abruptly divided up into five or six different creeks. A few 
 good mill sites occur here on this stream. None, however, that are thought 
 reliable exist on either of these rivers, or on the main stream below the 
 confluence, except, perhaps, one or two in Montgomery County. The 
 valleys of the two branches, and the intervening upland, possess remarkable 
 fertility. 
 
 Boyer River. — Until it enters the flood plain of the Missouri, the Boyer 
 runs almost, if not quite, its entire course through the region occupied bv the 
 bluff" deposit, and has cut its valley entirely through it along most of its pas- 
 sage. The only rocks exposed are the upper coal measures, near Reed's mill, in 
 Harrison County. The exposures are slight, and are the most northerly now 
 known in Iowa. The valley of this river has usually gently sloping sides, and an 
 ndistinctly defined flood plain. Along the lower half of its course the adjacent 
 upland presents a surface of the billowy character, peculiar to the bluff" deposit,. 
 The source of this river is in Sac County. 
 
114 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Soldier River. — The east and middle branches of this stream have their 
 source in Crawford County, and the west branch in Ida County. The whole 
 course of this river is through the bluff deposit. It has no exposure of strata 
 along its course. 
 
 Little Sioux River. — Under this head are included both the main and west 
 branches of that stream, together with the Maple, which is one of its branches. 
 The west branch and the Maple are so similar to the Soldier River that they 
 need no separate description. The main stream has its boundary near the 
 northern boundary of the State, and runs most of its course upon drift deposit 
 alone, entering the region of the bluff deposit in the southern part of Cherokee 
 County. The two principal upper branches, near their source in Dickinson 
 and Osceola .Counties, are small prairie creeks, with indistinct valleys. On 
 enterino- Clay County, the valley deepens, and at their confluence has a depth 
 of one hundred feet, which still further increases until along the boundary line 
 between Clay and Buena Vista Counties, it reaches a depth of two hundred 
 feet. Just as the valley enters Cherokee County, it turns to the southward and 
 becomes much widened, with its sides gently sloping to the uplands. When the 
 valley enters the region of the bluff deposit, it assumes ihe billowy appearance. 
 No exposures of strata of any kind have been found in the valley of the Little 
 Sioux or any of its branches. 
 
 Floyd River. — This river rises upon the drift in O'Brien County, and flow- 
 ing southward enters the region of the bluff deposit a little north of the center 
 of Plymouth County. Almost from its source to its mouth it is a prairie stream, 
 with slightly sloping valley sides, which blend gradually with the uplands. A 
 single slight exposure of sandstone of cretaceous age occurs in the valley near 
 Sioux City, and which is the only known exposure of rock of any kind along 
 its whole length. Near this exposure is a mill site, but farther up the stream 
 it is not valuable for such purposes. 
 
 Rock River. — This stream passes through Lyon and Sioux Counties. It 
 was evidently so named from the fact that considerable exposures of the red 
 Sioux quartzite occur along the main branches of the stream in Minnesota, a 
 few miles north of our State boundary. Within this State tlie main stream and 
 its branches are drift streams, and strata are exposed. The beds and banks of 
 the streams are usually sandy and gravelly, with occasional boulders intermixed. 
 Big Sioux River. — The valley of this river, from the northwest corner of 
 the State to its mouth, possesses much the same character as all the streams of 
 the surface deposits. At Sioux Falls, a few miles above the northwest corner 
 of the State, the stream meets with remarkable obstructions from the presence 
 of Sioux quartzite, which outcrops directly across the stream, and causes a fall 
 of about sixty feet within a distance of half a mile, producing a series of cas- 
 cades. For the first twenty-five miles above its mouth, the valley is very broad, 
 with a broad, flat flood plain, with gentle slopes occasionally showing indistinctly 
 defined terraces. These terraces and valley bottoms constitute some of the finest 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 115 
 
 agricultural land of the region. On the Iowa side of the valley the upland 
 presents abrupt bluffs, steep as the materials of which they are composed will 
 stand, and from one hundred to nearly two hundred feet high above the stream. 
 At rare intervals, about fifteen miles from its mouth, the cretaceous strata are 
 found exposed in the face of the bluffs of the Iowa side. No other strata are 
 exposed along that part of the valley which borders our State, with the single 
 exception of Sioux quartzite at its extreme northwestern corner. Some good mill 
 sites may be secured along that portion of this river which borders Lyon County, 
 but below this the fall will probably be found insufficient and the location for 
 dams insecure. 
 
 Missouri River. — This is one of the muddiest streams on the globe, and its 
 waters are known to be very turbid far toward its source. The chief pecul- 
 iarity of this river is its broad flood plains, and its adjacent bluff deposits. 
 Much the greater part of the flood plain of this river is upon the Iowa side, and 
 continuous from the south boundary line of the State to Sioux City, a distance 
 of more than one hundred miles in length, varying from three to five miles in 
 width. This alluvial plain is estimated to contain more than half a million acres 
 of land within the State, upward of four hundred thousand of which are now 
 tillable. 
 
 The rivers of the eastern system of drainage have quite a different character 
 from those of the western, system. They are larger, longer and have their val- 
 leys modified to a much greater extent by the underlying strata. For the lat- 
 ter reason, water-power is much more abundant upon them than upon the 
 streams of the western system. 
 
 Des Moines River. — This river has its source in Minnesota, but it enters 
 Iowa before it has attained any size, and flows almost centrally through it from 
 northwest to southeast, emptying into the Mississippi at the extreme southeast- 
 ern corner of the State. It drains a greater area than any river within the 
 State. The upper portion of it is divided into two branches known as the east 
 and west forks. These unite in Humboldt County. The valleys of these 
 branches above their confluence are drift-valleys, except a few small exposures 
 of subcarboniferous limestone about five miles above their confluence. These 
 exposures produce several small mill-sites. The valleys vary from a few hun- 
 dred yards to half a mile in width, and are the finest agricultural lands. In the 
 northern part of Webster County, the character of the main valley is modified 
 by the presence of ledges and low cliffs of the subcarboniferous limestone and 
 gypsum. From a point a little below Fort Dodge to near Amsterdam, in Ma- 
 rion County, the river runs all the way through and upon the lower coal-meas- 
 ure strata. Along this part of its course the flood-plain varies from an eighth 
 to half a mile or more in width. From Amsterdam to Ottumwa the subcarbon- 
 iferous limestone appears at intervals in the valley sides. Near Ottumwa, the sub- 
 carboniferous rocks pass beneath the river again, bringing down the coal-measure 
 strata into its bed ; but they rise again from it in the extreme northwestern part 
 
116 _ HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 of Van Buren County, and subcarboniferous strata resume and keep their place 
 along the valley to the north of the river. From Fort Dodge to the northern 
 part of Lee County, the strata of the lower coal measures are present in the 
 valley. Its flood plain is frequently sandy, from the debris of the sandstone 
 and sandy shales of the coal measures produced by their removal in the process 
 of the formation of the valley. 
 
 The principal tributaries of the Des Moines are upon the western side. 
 These are the Raccoon and the three rivers, viz.: South, Middle and North Riv- 
 ers. The three latter have their source in the region occupied by the upper 
 coal-measure limestone formation, flow eastward over the middle coal measures, 
 and enter the valley of the Des Moines upon the lower coal measures. These 
 streams, especially South and Middle Rivers, are frequently bordered by high, 
 rocky clifis. Raccoon River has its source upon the heavy surface deposits of 
 the middle region of Western Iowa, and along the greater part of its course it 
 has excavated its valley out those deposits and the middle coal measures alone. 
 The valley of the Des Moines and its branches are destined to become the seat 
 of extensive manufactures in consequence of the numerous mill sites of immense 
 power, and the fact that the main valley traverses the entire length of the Iowa 
 coal fields. 
 
 Skunk River. — This river has its source in Hamilton County, and runs 
 almost its entire course upon the border of the outcrop of the lower coal meas- 
 ures, or, more properly speaking, upon the subcarboniferous limestone, just where 
 it begins to pass beneath the coal measures by its southerly and westerly dip. 
 Its general course is southeast. From the western part of Henry County, up 
 as far as Story County, the broad, flat flood plain is covered with a rich deep 
 clay soil, which, in time of long-continued rains and overflows of the river, has 
 made the valley of Skunk River a terror to travelers from the earliest settle- 
 ment of the country. There are some excellent mill sites on the lower half of 
 this river, but they are not so numerous or valuable as on other rivers of the 
 eastern system. 
 
 loiva River. — This river rises in Hancock County, in the midst of a broad, 
 slightly undulating drift region. The first rock exposure is that of subcarbon- 
 iferous limestone, in the southwestern corner of Franklin County. It enters 
 the region of the Devonian strata near the southwestern corner of Benton 
 County, and in this it continues to its confluence with the Cedar in Louisa 
 County. Below the junction with the Cedar, and for some miles above that 
 point, its valley is broad, and especially on the northern side, with a well 
 marked flood plain. Its borders gradually blend with the uplands as they slope 
 away in the distance from the river. The Iowa furnishes numerous and valua- 
 ble mill sites. 
 
 Cedar River. — This stream is usually understood to be a branch of the 
 Iowa, but it ought, really, to be regarded as the main stream. It rises by 
 numerous branches in the northern part of the State, and flows the entire length 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 117 
 
 of the State, through the region occupied by the Devonian strata and along the 
 trend occupied by that formation. 
 
 The valley of this river, in the upper part of its course, is narrow, and the 
 sides slope so gently as to scarcely show where the lowlands end and the up- 
 lands begin. Below the confluence with the Shell Rock, the flood plain is more 
 distinctly marked and the valley broad and shallow. The valley of the Cedar 
 is one of the finest regions in the State, and both the main stream and its 
 branches afford abundant and reliable mill sites. 
 
 Wapsipinnicon River. — This river has its source near the source of the 
 Cedar, and runs parallel and near it almost its entire course, the upper half 
 upon the same formation — the Devonian. In the northeastern part of Linn 
 County, it enters the region of the Niagara limestone, upon which it continues 
 to the Mississippi. It is one hundred miles long, and yet the area of its drain- 
 age is only from twelve to twenty miles in width. Hence, its numerous mill 
 sites are unusually secure. 
 
 Turkey River. — This river and the Upper Iowa are, in many respects, un- 
 like other Iowa rivers. The difference is due to the great depth they have 
 eroded their valleys and the different character of the material through which 
 they have eroded. Turkey River rises in Howard County, and in Winnesheik 
 County, a few miles from its source, its valley has attained a depth of more than 
 two hundred feet, and in Fayette and Clayton Counties its depth is increased to 
 three and four hundred feet. The summit of the uplands, bordering nearly the 
 whole length of the valley, is capped by the Maquoketa shales. These shales 
 are underlaid by the Galena limestone, between two and three hundred feet 
 thick. The valley has been eroded through these, and runs upon the Trenton 
 limestone. Thus, all the formations along and within this valley are Lower 
 Silurian. The valley is usually narrow, and without a well-marked flood plain. 
 Water power is abundant, but in most places inaccessible. 
 
 Upper Iowa River. — This river rises in Minnesota, just beyond the north- 
 ern boundary line, and enters our State in Howard County before it has attained 
 any considerable size. Its course is nearly eastward until it reaches the Mis- 
 sissippi. It rises in the region of the Devonian rocks, and flows across the out- 
 crops, respectively, of the Niagara, Galena and Trenton limestone, the lower 
 magnesian limestone and Potsdam sandstone, into and through all of which, 
 except the last, it has cut its valley, which is the deepest of any in Iowa. The 
 valley sides are, almost everywhere, high and steep, and cliffs of lower magne- 
 sian and Trenton limestone give them a wild and rugged aspect. In the lower 
 part of the valley, the flood plain reaches a width sufiicient for the location of 
 small farms, but usually it is too narrow for such purposes. On the higher 
 surface, however, as soon as you leave the valley you come immediately upon a 
 cultivated country. This stream has the greatest slope per mile of any in Iowa, 
 consequently it furnishes immense water power. In some places, where creeks 
 come into it, the valley widens and affords good locations for farms. The town 
 
118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 of Decorah, in Winnesheik County, is located in one of these spots, which 
 makes it a lovely location ; and the power of the river and the small spring 
 streams around it offer fine facilities for manufacturing. This river and its 
 tributaries are the only trout streams in Iowa. 
 
 Mississippi River. — This river may be described, in general terms, as a broad 
 canal cut out of the general level of the country through which the river flows. 
 It is bordered by abrupt hills or bluffs. The bottom of the valley ranges from 
 one to eight miles in width. The whole space between the bluffs is occupied by 
 the river and its bottom, or flood plain only, if we except the occasional terraces 
 or remains of ancient flood plains, which are not now reached by the highest 
 floods of the river. The river itself is from half a mile to nearly a mile in 
 width. There are but four points along the whole length of the State where the 
 bluffs approach the stream on both sides. The Lower Silurian formations com- 
 pose the bluffs in the northern part of the State, but they gradually disappear 
 by a southerly dip, and the bluffs are continued successively by the Upper 
 Silurian, Devonian, and subcarboniferous rocks, which are reached near the 
 southeastern corner of the State. 
 
 Considered in their relation to the present general surface of the state, the 
 relative ages of the river valley of Iowa date back only to the close of the 
 glacial epoch ; but that the Mississippi, and all the rivers of Northeastern Iowa, 
 if no others, had at least a large part of the rocky portions of their valleys 
 eroded by pre-glacial, or perhaps even by palaeozoic rivers, can scarcely be 
 doubted. 
 
 LAKES. 
 
 The lakes of Iowa may be properly divided into two distinct classes. The 
 first may be called drift lakes, having had their origin in the depressions left 
 in the surface of the drift at the close of the glacial epoch, and have rested upon 
 the undisturbed surface of the drift deposit ever since the glaciers disappeared. 
 The others may be properly termed fluvatile or alluvial lakes, because they have 
 had their origin by the action of rivers while cutting their own valleys out from 
 the surface of the drift as it existed at the close of the glacial epoch, and are now 
 found resting upon the alluvium, as the others rest upon the drift. By the term 
 alluvium is meant the deposit which has accumulated in the valleys of rivers by 
 the action of their own currents. It is largely composed of sand and other 
 coarse material, and upon that deposit are some of the best and most productive 
 soils in the State. It is this deposit which form the flood plains and deltas of 
 our rivers, as well as the terraces of their valleys. 
 
 The regions to which the drift lakes are principally confined are near the 
 head waters of the principal streams of the State. We consequently find them 
 in those regions which lie between the Cedar and Des Moines Rivers, and the 
 Des Moines and Little Sioux. No drift lakes are found in Southern Iowa. 
 The largest of the lakes to be found in the State are Spirit and Okoboji, in 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 119 
 
 Dickinson County ; Clear Lake, in Cerro Gordo County ; and Storm Lake, in 
 Bunea Vista County. 
 
 Spirit Lake. — The width and length of this lake are about equal , and it 
 contains about twelve square miles of surface, its northern border resting directly 
 on the boundary of the State. It lies almost directly upon the great watershed. 
 Its shores are mostly gravelly, and the country about it fertile. 
 
 Okohoji Lake. — This body of water lies directly south of Spirit Lake, and 
 has somewhat the shape of a horse-shoe, with its eastern projection within a few 
 rods of Spirit Lake, where it receives the outlet of the latter. Okoboji Lake 
 extends about five miles southward from Spirit Lake, thence about the same 
 distance westward, and then bends northward about as far as the eastern projec- 
 tion. The eastern portion is narrow, but the western is larger, and in some 
 places a hundred feet deep. The surroundings of this and Spirit Lake are very 
 pleasant. Fish are abundant in them, and they are the resort of myriads of 
 water fowl. 
 
 Clear Lake. — This lake is situated in Cerro Gordo County, upon the 
 watershed betAveen the Iowa and Cedar Rivers. It is about five miles long, 
 and two or three miles wide, and has a maximum depth of only fifteen 
 feet. Its shores and the country around it are like that of Spirit Lake. 
 
 Storm Lake. — This body of water rests upon the great water shed in Buena 
 Vista County. It is a clear, beautiful sheet of water, containing a surface area 
 of between four and five square miles. 
 
 The outlets of all these drift-lakes are dry during a portion of the year, ex- 
 cept Okoboji. 
 
 Walled Lakes. — Along the water sheds of Northern Iowa great numbers of 
 small lakes exist, varying from half a mile to a mile in diameter. One of the lakes 
 in Wright County, and another in Sac, have each received the name of " Walled 
 Lake," on account of the existence of embankments on their borders, which are 
 supposed to be the work of ancient inhabitants. These embankments are from 
 two to ten feet in height, and from five to thirty feet across. They are the 
 result of natural causes alone, being referable to the periodic action of ice, aided, 
 to some extent, by the force of the waves. These lakes are very shallow, and 
 in winter freeze to the bottom, so that but little unfrozen water remains in the 
 middle. The ice freezes fast to everything upon the bottom, and the expansive 
 power of the water in freezing acts in all directions from the center to the cir- 
 cumference, and whatever was on the bottom of the lake has been thus carried 
 to the shore, and this has been going on from year to year, from century to 
 century, forming the embankments which have caused so much wonder. 
 
 SPRINGS. 
 
 Springs issue from all formations, and from the sides of almost every valley, 
 but they are more numerous, and assume proportions which give rise to the 
 name of sink-holes, along the upland borders of the Upper Iowa River, owing 
 
120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 to the peculiar fissured and laminated character and great thickness of the strata 
 of the a<re of the Trenton limestone which underlies the whole region of the 
 valley of that stream. 
 
 No mineral springs, properly so called, have yet been discovered in Iowa, 
 though the water of several artesian wells is frequently found charged with 
 soluble mineral substances. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE PRAIRIES. 
 
 It is estimated that seven-eighths of the surface of the State was prairie 
 when first settled. They are not confined to level surfaces, nor to any partic- 
 ular variety of soil, for within the State they rest upon all formations, from 
 those of the Azoic to those of the Cretaceous age, inclusive. Whatever may 
 have been their origin, their present existence in Iowa is not due to the influ- 
 ence of climate, nor the soil, nor any of the underlying formations. The real 
 cause is the prevalence of the annual fires. If these had been prevented fifty 
 years ago, Iowa would now be a timbered country. The encroachment of forest 
 trees upon prairie farms as soon as the bordering woodland is protected from 
 the annual prairie fires, is well known to farmers throughout the State. 
 
 The soil of Iowa is justly fixmous for its fertility, and there is probably no 
 equal area of the earth's surface that contains so little untillable land, or whose 
 soil has so high an average of fertility. Ninety-five per cent, of its surface is 
 tillable land. 
 
 GEOLOGY. 
 
 The soil of Iowa may be separated into three general divisions, which not 
 only possess difierent physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their 
 origin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial, and belong respectively to the 
 deposits bearing the same names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the 
 surface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area 
 of surface, and the alluvial least. 
 
 All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived, to "a 
 considerable extent, from the rocks of Minnesota ; but the greater part of Iowa 
 drift was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been transported but a 
 short distance. In general terms the constant component element of the drift 
 soil is that portion which was transported from the north, while the incoyutant 
 elements are those porti(jns Avhicli were derived from the adjacent or underlying 
 strata. For example, in Western Iowa, wherever that cretaceous formation 
 known as tlie Nishnabotany sandstone exists, the soil contains more sand than 
 elsewhere. Tlie same may be said of the soil of some parts of the State occu- 
 pied by the lower coal measures, the sandstones and sandy shales of that forma- 
 tion furnishing the sand. 
 
 In Northern and Northwestern Iowa, the drift contains more sand and 
 gravel than elsewhere. This sand and gravel was, doubtless, derived from the 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 
 
 121 
 
 cretaceous rocks that now do, or formerly did, exist there, and also in part 
 from the conglomerate and pudding-stone beds of the Sioux quartzite. 
 
 In Southern Iowa, the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. This preponder- 
 ating clay is doubtless derived from the clayey and shaly beds which alternate 
 with the limestones of that region. 
 
 The bluff soil is that which rests upon, and constitutes a part of, the bluff" 
 deposit. It is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to the 
 Missouri River. Although it contains less than one per cent, of clay in its 
 composition, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. 
 
 The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, oi" bottom 
 lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for 
 agricultural purposes ; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the 
 highest floods, and is very productive. 
 
 The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclu- 
 sive ; but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those 
 of the Palaeozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in 
 their order : 
 
 SYSTEMS. 
 
 AGES. 
 
 GROUPS. 
 
 PERIODS. 
 
 Cretaceous 
 
 Carboniferous.. 
 
 Devonian 
 
 Upper Silurian 
 
 Lower Silurian 
 Azoic 
 
 Post Tertiary 
 
 Lower Cretaceous. 
 
 Coal Measures. 
 Subcarboniferous. 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Niagara 
 
 Cincinnati . 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Primordial. 
 Huronian 
 
 FORMATIONS. 
 
 EPOCHS. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Inoceramous bed 
 
 Woodbunj Sandstone and Shales. 
 
 Nishnabotany Sandstone , 
 
 Upper Coal Measures 
 
 Middle Coal Measures 
 
 Lower Coal Measures , 
 
 St. Louis Limestone 
 
 Keokuk Limestone 
 
 Burl ington Limestone 
 
 Kinderhook beds 
 
 Hamilton Limestone and Shales 
 
 Niagara Limestone 
 
 Maquoketa Shales 
 
 Galena Limestone 
 
 Trenton Limestone 
 
 St. Peter's Sandstone 
 
 Lower Magnesian Limestone.... 
 
 Potsdam Sandstone 
 
 Sioux Quartzite 
 
 THICKNESS. 
 
 IN FEET. 
 
 10 
 
 to 200 
 
 50 
 130 
 100 
 200 
 200 
 200 
 
 75 
 
 90 
 196 
 175 
 200 
 350 
 
 80 
 250 
 200 
 
 80 
 250 
 300 
 
 50 
 
 THE AZOIC SYSTEM. 
 
 The Sioux quartzite is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few 
 acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big 
 Sioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux Quartzite has been 
 given them. .It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and a 
 color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of 
 metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the 
 rock is almost everywhere of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees 
 to the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is eastward and westward. This 
 
122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 rock may be quarried in a few rare cases, but usually it cannot be secured in 
 dry forms except that into which it naturally cracks, and the tendency is to 
 angular pieces. It is absolutely indestructible. 
 
 LOWER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 
 
 PRIMORDIAL GROUP. 
 
 Potsdam Sandstone. — This formation is exposed only in a small portion of 
 the northeastern portion of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the 
 blufls and steep valley sides which border the river there. It may be seen 
 underlying the lower magnesian limestone, St. Peter s sandstone and Trenton 
 limestone, in their regular order, along the bluffs of the Mississippi from the 
 northern boundary of the State as far south as Guttenburg, along the Upper 
 Iowa for a distance of about twenty miles from its mouth, and along a few of 
 the streams which empty into the Mississippi in Allamakee County. 
 
 It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. 
 
 No fossils have been discovered in this formation in Iowa. 
 
 Lower Magnesium Limestone. — This formation has but little greater geo- 
 graphical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity 
 of texture and stratification, owing to which it is not generally valuable for 
 building purposes. 
 
 The only fossils found in this formation in Iowa are a few traces of crinoids, 
 near McGregor. 
 
 St. Peter s Sandstone. — This formation is remarkably uniform in thickness 
 throughout its known geographical extent ; and it is evident it occupies a large 
 portion of the northern half of Allamakee County, immediately beneath the 
 drift. 
 
 TRENTON GROUP. 
 
 Trenton Limestone. — With the exception of this, all the limestones of both 
 L pper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestones — nearly pure 
 dolomites. This formation occupies large portions of Winnesheik and Alla- 
 makee Counties and a portion of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for 
 economic purposes, yet there are in some places compact and evenly bedded 
 layers, which afford fine material for window caps and sills. 
 
 In this formation, fossils are abundant, so much so that, in some places, the 
 rock is made up of a mass of shells, corals and fragments of tribolites, cemented 
 by calcareous material into a solid rock. Some of these fossils are new to 
 science and peculiar to Iowa. 
 
 The Galena Limestone. — This is the upper formation of the Trenton group. 
 It seldom exceeds twelve miles in width, although it is fully one hundred and 
 fifty miles long. The outcrop traverses portions of the counties of Howard, 
 Winnesheik, Allamakee, Fayette, Clayton, Dubuque and Jackson. It exhibits 
 its greatest development in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite, 
 with a slight adinixtui-e of silicious matter. It is usually unfit for dressing, 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 123 
 
 though sometimes near the top of the bed good blocks for dressing are found. 
 This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The 
 lead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the 
 vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, which traverse the 
 rock at regular intervals from east to west ; some is found in those which have 
 a north and south direction. The ore is mostly that known as Galena, or sul- 
 phuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. 
 
 CINCINNATI GROUP. 
 
 Maquoheta Shales. — The surface occupied by this formation is singularly 
 long and narrow, seldom reaching more than a mile or two in width, but more 
 than a hundred miles in length. Its most southerly exposure is in the bluffs of 
 the Mississippi near Bellevue, in Jackson County, and the most northerly yet 
 recognized is in the western part of Winnesheik County. The whole formation 
 is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arena- 
 ceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur- 
 face, and the soil derived from it is usually stiflf and clayey. Its economic 
 value is very slight. 
 
 Several species of fossils which characterize the Cincinnati group are found 
 in the Maquoketa shales ; but they contain a larger number that have been 
 found anywhere else than in these shales in Iowa, and their distinct faunal char- 
 acteristics seem to warrant the separation of the Maquoketa shales as a distinct 
 formation from any others of the group. 
 
 UPPER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 
 
 NIAGARA G^OUP. 
 
 Niagara Limestone. — The area occupied by the Niagara limestone is nearly 
 one hundred and sixty miles long from north to south, and forty and fifty miles 
 wide. 
 
 This formation is entirely a magnesian limestone, with in some places a con- 
 siderable proportion of silicious matter in the form of chert or coarse flint. A 
 large part of it is evenly bedded, and probably affords the best and greatest 
 amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, LeClaire and 
 Farley are all opened in this formation. 
 
 DEVONIAN SYSTEM. 
 
 HABIILTON GROUP. 
 
 Samilton Limestone. — The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton lime- 
 stone and shales is fully as great as those by all the formations of both Upper 
 and Lower Silurian age in the State. It is nearly two hundred miles long and 
 from forty to fifty miles broad. The general trend is northwestward and south- 
 eastward. 
 
 Although a large part of the material of this formation is practically quite 
 worthless, yet other portions are valuable for economic purposes ; and having a 
 
124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 large geographical extent in the State, is one of the most important formations, 
 in a practical point of view. At Waverly, Bremer County, its value for the 
 production of hydraulic lime has been practically demonstrated. The heavier 
 and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other 
 material requirinir strength and durability. 
 
 All the Devonian strata of Iowa evidently belong to a single epoch, and re- 
 ferable to the Hamilton, as recognized by New York geologists. 
 
 The most conspicuous and characteristic fossils of this formation are bra- 
 chiopod, mollusks and corals. The coral Acervularia Davidsoni occurs near 
 Iowa City, and is known as " Iowa City Marble," and " bird's-eye marble." 
 
 CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 
 
 Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous system, 
 viz., the subcarboniferous, coal measures and permian, only the first two are 
 found in Iowa. 
 
 SUBCARBONIFEROUS GROUP. 
 
 The area of the surface occupied by this group is very large. Its eastern 
 border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with consider- 
 able directness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington 
 County. Here it makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking 
 the Mississippi River at Muscatine. The southern and western boundary is to 
 a considerable extent the same as that Avhich separates it from the coal field. 
 From the southern part of Pocahontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, 
 thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El- 
 dora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of 
 Jasper County, thence southeastward to Sigourney, in Keokuk County, thence 
 to the northeastern corner of Jefferson County, thence sweeping a few miles 
 eastward to the southeast corner of Van Buren County. Its area is nearly two 
 hundred and fifty miles long, and from twenty to fifty miles wide. 
 
 The Kinder Jiook Beds. — The most southerly exposure of these beds is near 
 the mouth of Skunk River, in Des Moines County. The most northerly now 
 known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than two hundred 
 miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation are along the bluffs 
 which border the Mississippi and Skunk Rivers, where they form the eastern 
 and northern boundary of Des Moines County, along English River, in Wash- 
 ington County ; along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Frank- 
 lin Counties ; and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. 
 
 The economic value of this formation is very considerable, particularly in 
 the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt 
 Counties it is almost invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are 
 found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building pur- 
 poses. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this 
 formation, and the quarries near LeGrand are very valuable. At this point 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 125 
 
 some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into 
 ornamental and useful objects. 
 
 In Tama County, the oolitic member is well exposed, where it is manufac- 
 tured into lime. It is not valuable for building, as upon exposure to atmosphere 
 and frost, it crumbles to pieces. 
 
 The remains of fishes are the only fossils yet discovered in this formation 
 that can be referred to the sub-kingdom VERTEBRATA ; and so far as yet recog- 
 nized, they all belong to the order selachians. 
 
 Of ARTICULATES, only two species have been recognized, both of which 
 belong to the genus phillipsia. 
 
 The sub-kingdom mollusca is largely represented. 
 
 The RADIATA are represented by a few crinoids, usually found in a very im- 
 perfect condition. The sub-kingdom is also represented by corals. 
 
 The prominent feature in the life of this epoch was molluscan ; so much so 
 in fact as to overshadow all other branches of the animal kingdom. The pre- 
 vailing classes are : lamellihranchiates, in the more arenaceous portions ; and 
 brachiopods, in the more calcareous portions. 
 
 No remains of vegetation have been detected in any of the strata of this 
 formation. 
 
 The Burlington Limestone. — This formation consists of two distinct calca- 
 reous divisions, which are separated by a series of silicious beds. Both divi- 
 sions are eminently crinoidal. 
 
 The southerly dip of the Iowa rocks carries the Burlington limestone down, 
 so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River, 
 near the southern boundary of Des Moines County. The most northerly point 
 at which it has been recognized is in the northern part of Washington County. 
 It probably exists as far north as Marshall County. 
 
 This formation affords much valuable material for economic purposes. The 
 upper division furnishes excellent common quarry rock. 
 
 The great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be 
 more than three hundred, have justly attracted the attention of geologists in all 
 parts of the world. 
 
 The only remains of vertebrates discovered in this formation are those of 
 fishes, and consist of teeth and spines ; bone of bony fishes, like those most 
 common at the present day, are found in these rocks. On BuflEington Creek, in 
 Louisa County, is a stratum in an exposure so fully charged with these remains 
 that it might with propriety be called bone breccia. 
 
 Remains of articulates are rare in this formation. So far as yet discovered, 
 they are confined to two species of tribolites of the genus j^hiUipsia. 
 
 Fossil shells are very common. 
 ' The two lowest classes of the sub-kingdom radiata are represented m the 
 genera zaphrentis, amplexus and syringapora, while the highest class — echino- 
 derms — are found in most extraordinary profusion. 
 
126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 The Keokuk Limestone. — It is only in the four counties of Lee, Van 
 Buren, Henry and Des Moines that this formation is to be seen. 
 
 In some localities the upper silicious portion of this formation is known as 
 the Geode bed. It is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, 
 nor in connection with it where it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk. 
 
 The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less spherical masses of silex, 
 usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz. The outer crust is rough and 
 unsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful. 
 They vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter. 
 
 The economic value of this formation is very great. Large quantities of its 
 stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the 
 post oflSces at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the 
 banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. 
 
 The only vertebrate fossils found in the formation are fishes, all belonging 
 to the order selachians, some of which, indicate that their owners reached a 
 length of twenty-five or thirty feet. 
 
 Of the articulates, only two species of the genus phillipsia have been found 
 in this formation. 
 
 Of the mollusks, no cephalopods have yet been recognized in this formation in 
 this State ; gasteropods are rare ; brachiopods and polyzoans are quite abundant. 
 
 Of radiates, corals of genera zaphrentes, amplexus and aulopera are found, 
 but crinoids are most abundant. 
 
 Of the low forms of animal life, the protozoans, a small fossil related to the 
 sponges, is found in this formation in small numbers. 
 
 The St. Louis Limestone. — This is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous 
 group in Iowa. The superficial area it occupies is comparatively small, because 
 it consists of long, narrow strips, yet its exten*" is very great. It is first seen 
 resting on the geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keokuk. Pro- 
 ceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields 
 in Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska 
 Counties. It is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone 
 River, where it again passes out of view under the coal measures until it is 
 next seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in 
 Iowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct subdivisions — the magnesian, arena- 
 ceous and calcareous. 
 
 The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when 
 quarries are well opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County, 
 large blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of little 
 economic value. The lower or magnesian division furnishes a valuable 
 and durable stone, exposures of which are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren 
 County, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. 
 
 Of the fossils of this formation, the vertebrates are re;)resented only by the 
 remains of fish, belonging to the two orders, selachian's and o;anoids. The 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 127 
 
 articulates are represented by one species of the trilobite, genus pMlUpsia, and 
 two ostracoid, genera, cythre and heyricia. The mollusks distinguish this 
 formation more than any other branch of the animal kingdom. Radiates are 
 exceedingly rare, showing a marked contrast between this formation and the 
 two preceding it. 
 
 The rocks of the subcarboniferous period have in other countries, and in 
 other parts of our own country, furnished valuable minerals, and even coal, but 
 in Iowa the economic value is confined to its stone alone. 
 
 The Lower Silurian, Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks of Iowa are largely 
 composed of limestone. Magnesia also enters largely into the subcarbon- 
 iferous group. With the completion of the St. Louis limestone, the 
 production of the magnesian limestone seems to have ceased among the rocks of 
 Iowa. 
 
 Although the Devonian age has been called the age of fishes, yet so far as 
 Iowa is concerned, the rocks of no period can compare with the subcarbon- 
 iferous in the abundance and variety of the fish remains, and, for this reason, 
 the Burlington and Keokuk limestones will in the future become more 
 famous among geologists, perhaps, than any other formations in North 
 America. 
 
 It will be seen that the Chester limestone is omitted from the subcarbon- 
 iferous group, and which completes the full geological series. It is probable 
 the whole surface of Iowa was above the sea during the time of the 
 formation of the Chester limestone to the southward about one hundred 
 miles. 
 
 At the close of the epoch of the Chester limestone, the shallow seas in 
 which the lower coal measures were formed again occupied the land, extending 
 almost as far north as that sea had done in which the Kinderhook beds were 
 formed, and to the northeastward its deposits extended beyond the subcarbon- 
 iferous groups, outlines of which are found upon the next, or Devonian rock. 
 
 THE COAL-MEASURE GROUP. 
 
 The coal-measure group of Iowa is properly divided into three formations, 
 viz., the lower, middle and upper coal measures, each having a vertical thick- 
 ness of about two hundred feet. 
 
 A line drawn upon the map of Iowa as follows, will represent the eastern 
 and northern boundaries of the coal fields of the State : Commencing at the 
 southeast corner of Van Buren County, carry the line to the northeast corner 
 of Jeiferson County by a slight easterly curve through the western portions of 
 Lee and Henry Counties. Produce this line until it reaches a point six or 
 eight miles northward from the one last named, and then carry it northwest- 
 ward, keeping it at about the same distance to the northward of Skunk River 
 and its north branch that it had at first, until it reaches the southern boundary 
 of Marshall County, a little west of its center. Then carry it to a point 
 
128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 three or four miles northeast from Eldora, in Hardin County ; thence west- 
 ward to a point a little north of Webster City, in Hamilton County; and 
 thence further westward to a point a little north of Fort Dodge, in Webster 
 
 County. 
 
 Lower Coal Measures. — In consequence of the recedence to the southward 
 of the borders of the middle and upper coal measures, the lower coal measures 
 alone exist to the eastward and northward of Des Moines River. They also 
 occupy a large area westward and southward of that river, but their southerly 
 dip passes them below the middle coal measures at no great distance from the 
 river. 
 
 No other formation in the whole State possesses the economic value of the 
 lower coal measures. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal furnishes 
 a large amount of material for potters' use. The sandstone of these measures 
 is usually soft and unfit, but in some places, as near Red Rock, in Marion 
 County, blocks of large dimensions are obtained which make good building 
 material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. 
 On the whole, that portion of the State occupied by the tower coal measures, 
 is not well supplied with stone. 
 
 But few fossils have been found in any of the strata of the lower coal meas- 
 ures, but such animal remains as have been found are without exception of 
 marine origin. 
 
 Of fossil plants found in these measures, all probably belong to the class 
 acrogens. Specimens of calamiteSy and several species of ferns, are found in 
 all of the coal measures, but the genus lepidodendron seems not to have existed 
 later than the epoch of the middle coal measures. 
 
 Middle Coal Measures. — This formation within the State of Iowa occupies 
 a narrow belt of territory in the southern central portion of the State, embrac- 
 ing a superficial area of about fourteen hundred square miles. The counties 
 more or less underlaid by this formation are Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Madison, 
 Warren, Clarke, Lucas, Monroe, Wayne and Appanoose. 
 
 This formation is composed of alternating beds of clay, sandstone and lime- 
 stone, the clays or shales constituting the bulk of the formation, the limestone 
 occurring in their bands, the lithological peculiarities of which offer many con- 
 trasts to the limestones of the upper and lower coal measures. The formation 
 is also characterized by regular wave-like undulations, with a parallelism which 
 indicates a widespread disturbance, though no dislocation of the strata have 
 been discovered. 
 
 Generally speaking, few species of fossils occur in these beds. Some of the 
 shales and sandstone have afforded a few imperfectly preserved land plants — 
 three or four species of ferns, belonging to the genera. Some of the carbonif- 
 erous shales afford beautiful specimens of what appear to have been sea-weeds. 
 Radiates are represented by corals. The mollusks are most numerously repre- 
 sented. Trilobites and ostracoids are the only remains known of articulates. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 129 
 
 Vertebrates are only known by the remains of salachians, or sharks, and 
 ganoids. 
 
 Upper Coal Measures. — The area occupied by this formation in Iowa is 
 very great, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the 
 State. It adjoins by its northern and eastern boundaries the area occupied by 
 the middle coal measures. 
 
 The prominent lithological features of this formation are its limestones, yet 
 it contains a considerable proportion of shales and sandstones. Although it is 
 known by the name of upper coal measures, it contains but a single bed of coal, 
 and that only about twenty inches in maximum thickness. 
 
 The limestone exposed in this formation furnishes good material for building 
 as in Madison and Fremont Counties. The sandstones are quite worthless. No 
 beds of clay for potter's use are found in the whole formation. 
 
 The fossils in this formation are much more numerous than in either the 
 middle or lower coal measures. The vertebrates are represented by the fishes 
 of the orders selachians and ganoids. The articulates are represented by the 
 trilobites and ostracoids. Mollusks are represented by the classes cephalapoda, 
 gasteropoda, lamelU, branchiata, hrachiapoda and polyzoa. Radiates are more 
 numerous than in the lower and middle coal measures. Protogoans are repre- 
 sented in the greatest abundance, some layers of limestone being almost entirely 
 composed of their small fusiform shells. 
 
 CRETACEOUS SYSTEM. 
 
 There being no rocks, in Iowa, of permian, triassic or Jurassic age, the 
 next strata in the geological series are of the cretaceous age. They are found 
 in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations 
 upon which they rest, to the southward and westward, but have a general dip 
 of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. 
 Although the actual exposures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is 
 reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally 
 occupied by them ; but being very friable, they have been removed by denuda- 
 tion, Avhich has taken place at two separate periods. The first period was 
 during its elevation from the cretaceous sea, and during the long tertiary age 
 that passed between the time of that elevation and the commencement of the 
 glacial epoch. The second period was during the glacial epoch, when the ice 
 produced their entire removal over considerable areas. 
 
 It is difficult to indicate the exact boundaries of these rocks ; the following 
 will approximate the outlines of the area : 
 
 From the northeast corner to the southwest corner of Kossuth County ; 
 thence to the southeast corner of Guthrie County; thence to the southeast 
 corner of Cass County ; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Mont- 
 gomery County ; thence to the middle of the north boundary of Pottawattamie 
 County ; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Woodbury County ; 
 
130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 thence to Sergeant's bluffs; up the Missouri and Big Sioux Rivers to the 
 northwest corner of the State ; eastward along the State line to the place of 
 beginning. 
 
 All the cretaceous rocks in Iowa are a part of the same deposits farther up 
 the Missouri River, and in reality form their eastern boundary. 
 
 Nishnahotany Sandstone. — This rock has the most easterly and southerly 
 extent of the cretaceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of 
 Guthrie County and the southern part of Montgomery County. To the north- 
 ward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing 
 beneath the inoceramus, or chalky, beds. This sandstone is, with few excep- 
 tions, almost valueless for economic purposes. 
 
 The only fossils found in this formation are a few fragments of angiosper- 
 mous leaves. 
 
 Woodbury Sandstones and Shales. — These strata rest upon the Nishna- 
 hotany sandstone, and have not been observed outside of Woodbury County, 
 hence their name. Their principal exposure is at Sergeant's Bluffs, seven 
 miles below Sioux City. 
 
 This rock has no value except for purposes of common masonry. 
 
 Fossil remains are rare. Detached scales of a lepidoginoid species have 
 been detected, but no other vertebrate remains. Of remains of vegetation, 
 leaves of salix meekii and sassafras cretaceum have been occasionally found. 
 
 Inoceramus Beds. — These beds rest upon the Woodbury sandstones and 
 shales. They have not been observed in Iowa, except in the bluffs which 
 border the Big Sioux River in Woodbury and Plymouth Counties. They are 
 composed almost entirely of calcareous material, the upper portion of which is 
 extensively used for lime. No building material is to be obtained from these 
 beds ; and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at 
 some time may be useful on the soil of the adjacent region. 
 
 The only vertebrate remains found in the cretaceous rocks are the fishes. 
 Those in the inoceramus beds of Iowa are two species of squoloid selachians, 
 or cestratront, and three genera of teliosts. Molluscan remains are rare. 
 
 PEAT. 
 
 Extensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is esti- 
 mated, contain the following areas : 
 
 Counties. Acres. 
 
 Cerro Gordo 1,500 
 
 Worth 2,000 
 
 Winnebago 2,000 
 
 Hancock 1,500 
 
 Wright 500 
 
 Kossuth 700 
 
 Dickinson 80 
 
 Several other counties contain peat beds, but the character of the peat is 
 inferior to that in the northern part of the State. The character of the peat 
 
RICHLAND TR 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 131 
 
 named is equal to that of Ireland. The beds are of an average depth of four 
 feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds will furnish two hundred and 
 fifty tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present, owing to the sparse- 
 ness of the population, this peat is not utilized ; but, owing to its great distance 
 from the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when their 
 value will be realized, and the fact demonstrated that Nature has abundantly 
 compensated the deficiency of other fuel. 
 
 GYPSUM. 
 
 The only deposits of the sulphates of the alkaline earths of any economic 
 value in Iowa are those of gypsum at and in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, in 
 Webster County. All others are small and unimportant. The deposit occupies 
 a nearly central position in Webster County, the Des Moines River running 
 nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen 
 in the form of ordinary rock clifi" and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in 
 similar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of 
 the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. 
 
 The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth 
 of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River, and almost adjoining 
 the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been 
 found exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from this northerly point 
 before mentioned. Our knowledge of the width of the area occupied by it is 
 limited by the exposures seen in the valleys of the small streams and in the 
 ravines which come into the valley within the distance mentioned. As one goes 
 up these ravines and minor valleys, the gypsum becomes lost beneath the over- 
 lying drift. There can be no doubt that the different parts of this deposit, now 
 disconnected by the valleys and ravines having been cut through it, were orig- 
 inally connected as a continuous deposit, and there seems to be as little reason 
 to doubt that the gypsum still extends to considerable distance on each side of 
 the valley of the river beneath the drift which covers the region to a depth of 
 from twenty to sixty feet. 
 
 The country round about this region has the prairie surface approximating 
 a general level which is so characteristic of the greater part of the State, and 
 which exists irrespective of the character or geological age of the strata beneath, 
 mainly because the drift is so deep and uniformly distributed that it frequently 
 almost alone gives character to the surface. The valley sides of the Des Moines 
 River, in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, are somewhat abrupt, having a depth there 
 from the general level of the upland of about one hundred and seventy feet, 
 and consequently presents somewhat bold and interesting features in the land- 
 scape. 
 
 As one walks up and down the creeks and ravines which come into the 
 valley of the Des Moines River there, he sees the gypsum exposed on 
 either side of them, jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of 
 
132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 ledges and bold quarry fronts, having almost the exact appearance of 
 ordinary limestone exposures, so horizontal and regular are its lines of 
 stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The 
 principal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below 
 Fort Dodge. 
 
 The reader will please bear in mind that the gypsum of this remarkable 
 deposit does not occur in "heaps " or " nests," as it does in most deposits of 
 gypsum in the States farther eastward, but that it exists here in the form of a 
 regularly stratified, continuous formation, as uniform in texture, color and 
 quality throughout the whole region, and from top to bottom of the deposit 
 as the granite of the Quincy quarries is. Its color is a uniform gray, result- 
 ing from alternating fine horizontal lines of nearly white, with similar lines 
 of darker shade. The gypsum of the white lines is almost entirely pure, the 
 darker lines containing the impurity. This is at intervals barely sufiicient in 
 amount to cause the separation of the mass upon those lines into beds or layers, 
 thus facilitating the quarrying of it into desired shapes. These bedding sur- 
 faces have occasionally a clayey feeling to the touch, but there is nowhere any 
 intercalation of clay or other foreign substance in a separate form. The deposit 
 is known to reach a thickness of thirty feet at the quarries referred to, but 
 although it will probably be found to exceed this thickness at some other points, 
 at the natural exposures, it is seldom seen to be more than from ten to twenty 
 feet thick. 
 
 Since the drift is usually seen to rest directly upon the gypsum, with noth- 
 ing intervening, except at a few points where traces appear of an overlying bed 
 of clayey material without doubt of the same age as the gypsum, the latter 
 j)robably lost something of its thickness by mechanical- erosion during the 
 glacial epoch; and it has, doubtless, also suffered some diminution of thickness 
 since then by solution in the waters which constantly percolate through the 
 drift from the surface. The drift of this region being somewhat clayey, partic- 
 ulary in its lower part, it has doubtless served in some degree as a protection 
 against the diminution of the gypsum by solution in consequence of its partial 
 imperviousness to water. If the gypsum had been covered by a deposit of sand 
 instead of the drift clays, it would have no doubt long since disappeared by 
 being dissolved in the water that would have constantly reached it from the sur- 
 face. Water merely resting upon it would not dissolve it away to any extent, 
 but it rapidly disappears under the action of running water. Where little rills 
 of water at the time of every rain run over the face of an unused quarry, from 
 the surface above it, deep grooves are thereby cut into it, giving it somewhat the 
 appearance of melting ice around a waterfall. The fact that gypsum is now 
 suffering a constant, but, of course, very slight, diminution, is apparent in the 
 fact the springs of the region contain more or less of it in solution in their 
 waters. An analysis of water from one of these springs will be found in Prof. 
 Emery's report. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 133 
 
 Besides the clayey beds that are sometimes seen to rest upon the gypsum, 
 there are occasionally others seen beneath them that are also of the same 
 age, and not of the age of the coal-measure strata upon which they rest. 
 
 Age of the Gypsum Deposit. — In neither the gypsum nor the associated 
 clays has any trace of any fossil remains been found, nor has any other indica- 
 tion of its geological age been observed, except that which is afforded by its 
 stratigraphical relations ; and the most that can be said with certainty is that it 
 is newer than the coal measures, and older than the drift. The indications 
 afforded by the stratigraphical relations of the gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge 
 are, however, of considerable value. 
 
 As already shown, it rests in that region directly and unconformably upon 
 the lower coal measures ; but going southward from there, the whole series of 
 coal-measure strata from the top of the subcarboniferous group to the upper 
 coal measures, inclusive, can be traced without break or unconformability. 
 The strata of the latter also may be traced in the same manner up into the 
 Permian rocks of Kansas ; and through this long series, there is no place or 
 horizon which suggests that the gypsum deposit might belong there. 
 
 Again, no Tertiary deposits are known to exist within or near the borders 
 of Iowa to suggest that the gypsum might be of that age ; nor are any of the 
 palaeozoic strata newer than the subcarboniferous unconformable upon each 
 other as the other gypsum is unconformable upon the strata beneath it. It 
 therefore seems, in a measure, conclusive, that the gypsum is of Mesozoic age, 
 perhaps older than the Cretaceous. 
 
 Lithological Origin. — As little can be said with certainty concerning the 
 lithological origin of this deposit as can be said concerning its geological age, 
 for it seems to present itself in this relation, as in the former one, as an isolated 
 fact. None of the associated strata show any traces of a double decomposition 
 of pre-existing materials, such as some have supposed all deposits of gypsum to 
 have resulted from. No considerable quantities of oxide of iron nor any trace 
 of native sulphur have been found in connection with it ; nor has any salt been 
 found in the waters of the region. These substances are common in association 
 with other gypsum deposits, and are regarded by some persons as indicative of 
 the method of or resulting from their origin as such. Throughout the whole 
 region, the Fort Dodge gypsum has the exact appearance of a sedimentary 
 deposit. It is arranged in layers like the regular layers of limestone, and the 
 whole mass, from top to bottom, is traced with fine horizontal laminae of alter- 
 nating white and gray gypsum, parallel with the bedding surfaces of the layers, 
 but the whole so intimately blended as to form a solid mass. The darker lines 
 contain almost all the impurity there is in the gypsum, and that impurity is 
 evidently sedimentary in its character. From these facts, and also from the 
 further one that no trace of fossil remains has been detected in the gypsum, it 
 seems not unreasonable to entertain the opinion that the gypsum of Fort Dodge 
 originated as a chemical precipitation in comparatively still waters which were 
 
134 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 saturated with sulphate of lime and destitute of life ; its stratification and 
 impurities being deposited at the same time as clayey impurities which had been 
 held suspended in the same waters. 
 
 Physical Properties. — Much has already been said of the physical proper- 
 ties or character of this gypsum, but as it is so diflFerent in some respects from 
 that of other deposits, there are yet other matters worthy of mention in connec- 
 tion with those. According to the results of a complete and exhaustive anal- 
 ysis by Prof. Emery, the ordinary gray gypsum contains only about eight per 
 cent, of impurity ; and it is possible that the average impurity for the whole 
 deposit Avill not exceed that proportion, so uniform in quality is it from to top 
 to bottom and from one end of the region to the other. 
 
 When it is remembered that plaster for agricultural purposes is sometimes 
 prepared from gypsum that contains as much as thirty per cent, of impurity, it 
 will be seen that ours is a very superior article for such purposes. The impu- 
 rities are also of such a character that they do not in any way interfere with its 
 value for use in the arts. Although the gypsum rock has a gray color, it 
 becomes quite white by grinding, and still whiter by the calcining process nec- 
 essary in the preparation of plaster of Paris. These tests have all been practi- 
 cally made in the rooms of the Geological Survey, and the quality of the plaster 
 of Paris still further tested by actual use and experiment. No hesitation, 
 therefore, is felt in stating that the Fort Dodge gypsum is of as good a quality 
 as any in the country, even for the finest uses. 
 
 In view of the bounteousness of the primitive fertility of our Iowa soils, 
 many persons forget that a time may come when Nature will refuse to respond 
 so generously to our demand as she does now, without an adequate return. 
 Such are apt to say that this vast deposit of gypsum is valueless to our com- 
 monwealth, except to the small extent that it may be used in the arts. This 
 is undoubtedly a short-sighted view of the subject, for the time is even now 
 rapidly passing away Avhen a man may purchase a new farm for less money 
 than he can re-fertilize and restore the partially wasted primitive fertility of the 
 one he now occupies. There are farms even now in a large part of the older 
 settled portions of the State that would be greatly benefited by the proper 
 application of plaster, and such areas will continue to increase until it will be 
 difficult to estimate the value of the deposit of gypsum at Fort Dodge. It 
 should be remembered, also, that the inhabitants of an extent of country 
 adjoining our State more than three times as great as its own area will find it 
 more convenient to obtain their supplies from Fort Dodge than from any other 
 source. 
 
 For want of direct railroad communication between this region and other 
 parts of the State, the only use yet made of the gypsum by the inhabitants is 
 lor the purposes of ordinary building stone. It is so compact that it is found 
 to be comparatively unaffected by the frost, and its ordinary situation in walls 
 of houses is such that it is protected from the dissolving action of water, which 
 
HlSiURY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 135 
 
 can at most reach it only from occasional rains, and the effect of these is too 
 slight to be perceived after the lapse of several years. 
 
 One of the citizens of Fort Dodge, Hon. John F. Duncombe, built a large, 
 fine residence of it, in 1861, the walls of which appear as unaffected by 
 exposure and as beautiful as they were when first erected. It has been so long 
 and successfully used for building stone by the inhabitants that they now prefer 
 it to the limestone of good quality, which also exists in the immediate vicinity. 
 This preference is due to the cheapness of the gypsum, as compared with the 
 stone. The cheapness of the former is largely due to the facility with which it 
 is quarried and wrought. Several other houses have been constructed of it in 
 Fort Dodge, including the depot building of the Dubuque & Sioux City Rail- 
 road. The company have also constructed a large culvert of the same material 
 to span a creek near the town, limestone only being used for the lower courses, 
 which come in contact with the water. It is a fine arch, each stone of gypsum 
 being nicely hewn, and it will doubtless prove a very durable one. Many of 
 the sidewalks in the town are made of the slabs or flags of gypsum which occur 
 in some of the quarries in the form of thin layers. They are more durable 
 than their softness would lead one to suppose. They also possess an advantage 
 over stone in not becoming slippery when worn. 
 
 The method adopted in quarrying and dressing the blocks of gypsum is 
 peculiar, and quite unlike that adopted in similar treatment of ordinary stone. 
 Taking a stout auger-bit of an ordinary brace, such as is used by carpenters, 
 and filing the cutting parts of it into a peculiar form, the quarry man bores his 
 holes into the gypsum quarry for blasting, in the same manner and with as 
 great facility as a carpenter would bore hard wood. The pieces being loosened 
 by blasting, they are broken up with sledges into convenient sizes, or hewn 
 into the desired shapes by means of hatchets or ordinary chopping axes, or cut 
 by means of ordinary wood-saws. So little grit does the gypsum contain that 
 these tools, made for working wood, are found to be better adapted for working 
 the former substance than those tools are which are universally used for work- 
 ing stone. 
 
 MINOR DEPOSITS OF SULPHATE OF LIME. 
 
 Besides the great gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge, sulphate of lime in the 
 various forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite, and small, amorphous masses, has 
 also been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, includ- 
 ing the coal -measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quanti- 
 ties, quite independently of the great gypsum deposit there. The quantity of 
 gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, 
 and frequently minute. They usually occur in shales and shaly clays, asso- 
 ciated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron (iron pyrites). 
 Gypsum has thus been detected in the coal measures, the St. Louis limestone, 
 the cretaceous strata, and also in the lead caves of Dubuque. In most of these 
 cases it is evidently the result of double decomposition of iron pyrites and car- 
 
130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 bonate of lime, previously existing there ; in which cases the gypsum is of course 
 not an original deposit as the great one at Fort Dodge is supposed to be. 
 
 The existence of these comparatively minute quantities of gypsum in the 
 shales of the coal measures and the subcarboniferous limestone which are exposed 
 within the ref^ion of and occupy a stratigraphical position beneath the great 
 gypsum dej)osits, suggests the possibility that the former may have originated as 
 a precipitate from percolating waters, holding gypsum in solution which they 
 had derived from that deposit in passing over or through it. Since, however, 
 the same substance is found in similar sm-ill quantities and under similar con- 
 ditions in regions where they could have had no possible connection with that 
 deposit, it is believed that none of those mentioned have necessarily originated 
 from it, not even those that are found in close proximity to it. 
 
 The gypsum found in the lead caves is usually in the form of efflorescent 
 fibers, and is always in small quantity. In the lower coal-measure shale near 
 Fort Dodge, a small mass was found in the form of an intercalated layer, which 
 hid a distinct fibrous structure, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of 
 the layer. The same mass had also distinct, horizontal planes of cleavage at 
 right angles with the perpendicular fibers. Thus, being more or less transpa- 
 rent, the mass combined the characters of both fibrous gypsum and selenite. 
 No anhydrous sulphate of lime {cinh/drite) has been found in connection with 
 the great gypsum deposit, nor elsewhere in loAva, so far as yet known. 
 
 SULPHATE OF STRONTIA. 
 {^Celes ine.) 
 The only locality at which this interesting mineral has yet been found in 
 Iowa, or, so far as is known, in the great valley of the Mississippi, is at Fort 
 Dodge. It occurs there in very small quantity in both the shales of the lower 
 coal measures and in the clays that overlie the gypsum deposit, and which are 
 regarded as of the same age with it. The first is just below the city, near Rees' 
 coal bank, and occurs as a layer intercalated among the coal measure shales, 
 amounting in quantity to only a few hundred pounds' weight. The mineral is 
 fibrous and crystalline, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of the layer. 
 Breaking also with more or less distinct horizontal planes of cleavage, it resem- 
 bles, in physical character, the layer of fibro-crystalline gypsum before men- 
 tioned. Its color is light blue, is transparent and shows crystaline facets upon 
 both the upper and under sur{\ices of the layer ; those of the upper surface 
 being smallest and most numerous. It breaks up readily into small masses 
 along the lines of the perpendicular fibers or columns. The layer is probably 
 not more than a rod in extent in any direction and about three inches in maxi- 
 mum thickness. Apparent lines of stratification occur in it, corresponding with 
 those of the shales which imbed it. 
 
 The other deposit was still smaller in amount, and occurred as a mass of 
 crystals imbedded in the clays that overlie the gypsum at Cummins' quarry in 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. lo7 
 
 the valley of Soldier Creek, upon the north side of the town. The mineral is 
 in this case nearly colorless, and but for the form of the separate crystals would 
 closely resemble masses of impure salt. The crystals are so closely aggregated 
 that they enclose but little impurity in the mass, but in almost all cases their 
 fundamental forms are obscured. This mineral has almost no real practical 
 value, and its occurrence, as described, is interesting only as a mineralogical 
 fact. 
 
 SULPHATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 {^Barytcs, Heavy Spar.) 
 
 This mineral has been found only in minute quantities in Iowa. It has 
 been detected in the coal-measure shales of Decatur, Madison and Marion 
 Counties, the Devonian limestone of Johnson and Bremer Counties and in the 
 lead caves of Dubuque. In all these cases, it is in the form of crystals or small 
 crystalline masses. 
 
 SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 [Epsormte.) 
 
 Epsomite, or native epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington, 
 we have thus recognized in Iowa all the sulphates of the alkaline earths of 
 natural origin ; all of them, except the sulphate of lime, being in very small 
 quantity. Even if the sulphate of magnesia were produced in nature, in large 
 f]|uantities, it is so very soluble that it can accumulate only in such positions as 
 afford it complete shelter from the rains or running water The epsomite 
 mentioned was found beneath the overhanging cliff of Burlington limestone, 
 near Starr's mill, which are represented in the sketch upon another page, illus- 
 trating the subcarboniferous rocks. It occurs in the form of efflorescent encrus- 
 tations upon the surface of stones and in similar small fragile masses among the 
 fine debris that has fallen down beneath the overhanging cliff. The projection 
 of the cliff over the perpendicular face of the strata beneath amounts to near 
 twenty feet at the point where epsomite was found. Consequently the rains 
 never reach far beneath it from any quarter. The rock upon which the epsom- 
 ite accumulates is an impure limestone, containing also some carbonate of mag- 
 nesia, together with a small proportion of iron pyrites in a finely divided con- 
 dition. It is doubtless by doujble decomposition of these that the epsomite re- 
 sults. By experiments with this native salt in the office of the Survey, a fine 
 article of epsom salts "was produced, but the quantity that might be annually 
 obtained there would amount to only a few pounds, and of course is of no prac- 
 tical value whatever, on account of its cheapness in the market. 
 
 CLIMATOLOGY. 
 
 No extended record of the climatology of Iowa has been made, yet much of 
 great value may be learned from observations made at a single point. Prof. T. 
 S. Parvin, of the State University, has recorded observations made from 1839 
 to the present time. Previous to 1860, these observations were made at Mus- 
 
138 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 catine. Since that date, they were made in Iowa City. The result is that the 
 atmospheric conditions of the climate of Iowa are in the highest degree favor- 
 able to health. 
 
 The highest temperature here occurs in August, while July is the hottest 
 month in the year by two degrees, and January the coldest by three degrees. 
 
 The mean temperature of April and October most nearly corresponds to the 
 mean temperature of the year, as well as their seasons of Spring and Fall, 
 while that of Summer and "Winter is best represented in that of August and 
 December. 
 
 The period of greatest heat ranges from June 22d to August 31st ; the next 
 mean time being July 27th. The lowest temperature extends from December 
 16th to February 15th, the average being January 20th — the range in each 
 case being two full months. 
 
 The climate of Iowa embraces the range of that of New York, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. The seasons are not characterized by the 
 frequent and sudden changes so common in the latitudes further south. The 
 temperature of the Winters is somewhat lower than States eastward, but of other 
 seasons it is higher. The atmosphere is dry and invigorating. The surface of 
 the State being free at all seasons of the year from stagnant water, with good 
 breezes at nearly all seasons, the miasmatic and pulmonary diseases are 
 unknown. Mortuary statistics show this to be one of the* most healthful States 
 in the Union, being one death to every ninety-four persons. The Spring, 
 Summer and Fall months are delightful ; indeed, the glory of Iowa is her 
 Autumn, and nothing can transcend the splendor of her Indian Summer, which 
 lasts for weeks, and finally blends, almost imperceptibly, into Winter. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION. 
 
 Iowa, in tlie symbolical and expressive language of the aboriginal inhab- 
 itants, is said to signify " The Beautiful Land," and was applied to this 
 magnificent and fruitful region by its ancient owners, to express their apprecia- 
 tion of its superiority of climate, soil and location. Prior to 1803, the Mississippi 
 River was the extreme western boundary of the United States. All the great 
 empire lying west of the " Father of Waters," from the Gulf of Mexico on the 
 south to British America on the north, and westward to the Pacific Ocean was 
 a Spanish province. A brief historical sketch of the discovery and occupation 
 of this grand empire by the Spanish and French governments will be a fitting 
 introduction to the history of the young and thriving State of Iowa, which, 
 until the commencement of the present century, was a part of the Spanish 
 possessions in America. 
 
 Early in the Spring of 1542, fifty years after Columbus discovered the New 
 World, and one hundred and thirty years before the French missionaries discov- 
 ered its upper waters, Ferdinand De Soto discovered the mouth of the Mississippi 
 River at the mouth of the Washita. After the sudden death of De Soto, in 
 May of the same year, his followers built a small vessel, and in July, 1543, 
 descended the great river to the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 In accordance with the usage of nations, under which title to the soil was 
 claimed by right of discovery, Spain, having conquered Florida and discovered 
 the Mississippi, claimed all the territory bordering on tliat river and the Gulf of 
 Mexico. But it was also held by the European nations that, while discovery 
 gave title, that title must be perfected by actual possession and occupation. 
 Although Spain claimed the territory by right of first discovery, she made no 
 effort to occupy it ; by no permanent settlement had she perfected and held her 
 title, and therefore had forfeited it when, at a later period, the Lower Mississippi 
 Valley was re-discovered and occupied by France. 
 
 The unparalleled labors of the zealous French Jesuits of Canada in penetrating 
 the unknown region of the West, commencing in 1611, form a history of no ordi- 
 nary interest, but have no particular connection with the scope of the present 
 work, until in the Fall of 1665. Pierre Claude Allouez, who had entered Lake 
 Superior in September, and sailed along the southern coast in search of copper, 
 had arrived at the great village of the Chippewas at Chegoincegon. Here a 
 grand council of some ten or twelve of the principal Indian nations was held. 
 The Pottawatomies of Lake Michigan, the Sacs and Foxes of the West, the 
 Hurons from the North, the Illinois from the South, and the Sioux from the 
 land of the prairie and wild rice, were all assembled there. The Illinois told 
 
140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 the storv of their ancient glory and about the noble river on the banks of which 
 they dwelt. The Sioux also told their white brother of the same great river, 
 and Allouez promised to the assembled tribes the protection of the French 
 nation against all their enemies, native or foreign. 
 
 The '"purpose of discovering the great river about which the Indian na- 
 tions had given such glowing accounts appears to have originated with Mar- 
 quette, in 1G69. In the year previous, he and Claude Dablon had established 
 the Mission of St. Mary's, the oldest white settlement within the present limits 
 of the State of Michigan. Marquette was delayed in the execution of his great 
 undertaking, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the 
 Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel. 
 
 About this time, the French Government had determined to extend the do- 
 minion of France to the extreme western borders of Canada. Nicholas Perrot 
 was sent as the agent of the government, to propose a grand council of the 
 Indian nations, at St. Mary's. 
 
 When Perrot reached Green Bay, he extended the invitation far and near ; 
 and, escorted by Pottawatomies, repaired on a mission of peace and friend- 
 ship to the Miamis, who occupied the region about the present location of 
 Chicago. 
 
 In May, 1671, a great council of Indians gathered at the Falls of St. 
 Mary, from all parts of the Northwest, from the head waters of the St. Law- 
 rence, from the valley of the Mississippi and from the Red River of the North. 
 Perrot met with them, and after grave consultation, formally announced to the 
 assembled nations that their good French Father felt an abiding interest in their 
 welfare, and had placed them all under the powerful protection of the French 
 Government. 
 
 Marquette, during that same year, had gathered at Point St. Ignace the 
 remn ants of one branch of the Hurons. This station, for a long series of 
 years, was considered the key to the unknown West. 
 
 The time was now auspicious for the consummation of Marquette's grand 
 project. The successful termination of Perrot's mission, and the general friend- 
 liness of the native tribes, rendered the contemplated expedition much less per- 
 ilous. But it Avas not until 1673 that the intrepid and enthusiastic priest was 
 finally ready to depart on his daring and perilous journey to lands never trod by 
 white men. 
 
 The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to witness his departure, 
 were astounded at the boldness of the proposed undertaking, and tried to dis- 
 courage him, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley Avere cruel 
 and l»loodthirsty, and would resent the intrusion of strangers upon their domain. 
 The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters, who could 
 swallow both canoes and men. 
 
 But Mar(|uette was not to be diverted from his purpose by these fearful re- 
 ports. He assured his dusky friends that he was ready to make any sacrifice, 
 even to lay down his life for the sacred cause in which he was engaged. He 
 prayed with them ; and having implored the blessing of God upon his undertak- 
 ing, on the l;3th day of May, 1673, with Jolict and five Canadian-French voy- 
 ageurs, or boatmen, he left the mission on his daring journey. Ascending 
 (rreen Bay and Fox River, these bold and enthusiastic pioneers of religion and 
 discovery proceeded until they reached a Miami and Kickapoo village, where 
 Maniuette was delighted to find " a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
 town, ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which 
 these good people had oftered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank Him for 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 1-41 
 
 the pity He had bestowed on them during the Winter, in having given them 
 abundant chase." 
 
 This was the extreme point beyond which the explorations of the French 
 missionaries had not then extended. Here Marquette was instructed by his 
 Indian hosts in the secret of a root that cures the bite of the venomous rattle- 
 snake, drank mineral water with them and was entertained with generous hos- 
 pitality. He called together the principal men of the village, and informed 
 them that his companion, Joliet, had been sent by the French Governor of Can- 
 ada to discover new countries, to be added to the dominion of France ; but that 
 he, himself, had been sent by the Most High God, to carry the glorious religion 
 of the Cross ; and assured his wondering hearers that on this mission he had 
 no fear of death, to which he knew he would be exposed on his perilous journeys. 
 
 Obtaining the services of two Miami guides, to conduct his little band to the 
 Wisconsin River, he left the hospitable Indians on the 10th of June. Conduct- 
 ing them across the })ortage, their Indian guides returned to their village, and 
 the little party descended the Wisconsin, to the great river which had so long 
 been so anxiously looked for, and boldly floated down its unknown waters. 
 
 On the 25th of June, the explorers discovered indications of Indians on the 
 west bank of the river and land jd a little above the mouth of the river now 
 known as Des Moines, and for the first time Europeans trod the soil of Iowa. 
 Leaving tlie Canadians to guard the canoes, Marquette and Joliet boldly fol- 
 lowed the trail into the interior for fourteen miles (some authorities say six), to 
 an Indian village situate on the banks of a river, and discovered two other vil- 
 lages, on the rising ground about half a league distant. Their visit, while it 
 created much astonishment, did not seem to be entirely unexpected, for there 
 was a tradition or prophecy among the Indians that white visitors were to come 
 to them. They were, therefore, received with great respect and hospitality, and 
 were cordially tendered the calumet or pipe of peace. They were informed that 
 this band was a part of the Illini nation and that their village was called Mon- 
 in-gou-ma or Moingona, which was the name of the river on which it stood. 
 This, from its similarity of sound, Marquette corrupted into Des Moines 
 (Monk's River), its present name. 
 
 Here the voyagers remained six days, learning much of the manners and 
 customs of their new friends. The new religion they boldly preached and the 
 authority of the King of France they proclaimed were received without hos- 
 tility or remonstrance by their savage entertainers. On their departure, they 
 were accompanied to their canoes by the chiefs and hundreds of warriors. 
 Marquette received from them the sacred calumet, the emblem of peace and 
 safeguard among the nations, and re-embarked for the rest of his journev. 
 
 It is needless to follow him further, as his explorations beyond his discovery 
 of Iowa more properly belong to the history of another State. 
 
 In 1682, La Salle descended the- Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in 
 the iianie of the King of France, took formal possession of all the immense 
 region Avatered by tlie great river and its tributaries from its source to its mouth, 
 and named it Louisiana, in honor of his master, Louis XIV. The river he 
 called " Colbert," after the French Minister, and at its mouth erected a column 
 and a cross bearing the inscription, in the French language, 
 
 "Louis the Great, King of France and Navarre, 
 Reigning April 9th, 1682." 
 
 At the close of the seventeenth century, France claimed, by right of dis- 
 covery and occupancy, the whole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, 
 including Texas, as far as the Rio del Norte. 
 
142 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 
 
 The province of Louisiana stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the sources 
 of the Tennessee, the Kanawha, the Allegheny and the Monongahela on the 
 east, and the Missouri and the other great tributaries of the Father of Waters 
 on the west. Says Bancroft, " France had obtained, under Providence, the 
 guardianship of this immense district of country, not, as it proved, for her own 
 benefit, but rather as a trustee for the infant nation by which it was one day to 
 be inherited." 
 
 By the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions 
 in Hudson's Bay, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. France still retained 
 Louisiana ; but the province had so far failed to meet the expectations of the 
 crown and tlie people that a change in the government and policy of the country 
 was deemed indispensable. Accordingly, in 1711, the province was placed in 
 the hands of a Governor General, with headquarters at Mobile. This govern- 
 ment was of brief duration, and in 1712 a charter was granted to Anthony 
 Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, giving him the entire control and mo- 
 nopoly of all the trade and resources of Louisiana. But this scheme also failed. 
 Crozat met with no success in his commercial operations ; every Spanish harbor 
 on the Gulf was closed against his vessels; the occupation of Louisiana was 
 deemed an encroachment on Spanish territory ; Spain was jealous of the am- 
 bition of France. 
 
 Failing in his efforts to open the ports of the district, Crozat "sought to 
 develop the internal resources of Louisiana, by causing trading posts to be 
 opened, and explorations to be made to its remotest borders. But he 
 actually accomplished nothing for the advancement of the colony. The only 
 prosperity which it ever possessed groAV out of the enterprise of humble indi- 
 viduals, Avho had succeeded in instituting a little barter between themselves 
 and the natives, and a petty trade with neighboring European settlements. 
 After a persevering effort of nearly five years, he surrendered his charter in 
 August, 1717." 
 
 Immediately following the surrender of his charter by Crozat, another and 
 more magnificent scheme was inaugurated. The national government of France 
 was deeply involved in debt; the colonies were nearly bankrupt, and John Law 
 appeared on the scone with his famous Mississippi Company, as the Louisiana 
 branch of the Bank of France. The charter granted to this company gave it a 
 legal existence of twenty-five years, and conferred upon it more extensive powers 
 and privileges than had been granted to Crozat. It invested the new company 
 with the exclusive privilege of the entire commerce of Louisiana, and of New 
 France, and with authority to enforce tlicir rights. The Company was author- 
 ized to mono])olize all the trade in the country ; to make treaties Avith the 
 Indians ; to declare and prosecute war ; to grant lands, erect forts, open mines 
 of precious metals, levy taxes, nominate civil officers, commission those of the 
 army, and to appoint and remove judges, to cast cannon, and build and equip 
 ships of war. All this was to be done with the pai)er currency of John Law's 
 Bank of France. He had succeeded in getting His Majesty the French King 
 to adopt and sanction his scheme of financial operations both in France and in 
 the colonies, and probably there never was such a huge financial bubble ever 
 blown by a visionary theorist. Still, such was the condition of France that it 
 was accepted as a national deliverance, and Law became the most powerful man 
 in France. He became a Catholic, and was appointed Comptroller General of 
 Finance. 
 
 Among the first operations of tlie Company was to send eight hundred 
 emigrants to Louisiana, who arrived at Dauphine Island in 1718. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 143 
 
 In 1719, Philipe Francis Renault arrived in Illinois with two hundred 
 miners and artisans. The war between France and Spain at this time rendered 
 it extremely probable that tlie Mississippi Valley might become the theater of 
 Spanish hostilities against the French settlements ; to prevent this, as well as to 
 extend French claims, a chain of forts was begun, to keep open the connection 
 between the mouth and the sources of the Mississippi. Fort Orleans, high up 
 the Mississippi River, was erected as an outpost in 1720. 
 
 The Mississippi scheme was at the zenith of its power and glory in January, 
 1720, but the gigantic bubble collapsed more suddenly than it had been inflated, 
 and the Company was declared hopelessly bankrupt in May following. France 
 was impoverished by it, both private and public credit were overthrown, capi- 
 talists suddenly found themselves paupers, and labor was left without employ- 
 ment. The effect on the colony of Louisiana was disastrous. 
 
 While this was going on in Lower Louisiana, the region about the lakes was 
 the theater of Indian hostilities, rendering the passage from Canada to Louisiana 
 extremely dangerous for many years. The English had not only extended their 
 Indian trade into the vicinity of the French settlements, but through their 
 friends, the Iroquois, had gained a marked ascendancy over the Foxes, a fierce 
 and powerful tribe, of Iroquois descent, whom they incited to hostilities against 
 the French. The Foxes began their hostilities with the siege of Detroit in 
 1712, a siege which they continued for nineteen consecutive days, and although 
 the expedition resulted in diminishing their numbers and humbling their pride, 
 yet it was not until after several successive campaigns, embodying the best 
 military resources of New France, had been directed against them, that were 
 finally defeated at the great battles of Butte des Morts, and on the Wisconsin 
 River, and driven Avest in 1746. 
 
 The Company, having found that the cost of defending Louisiana exceeded 
 the returns from its commerce, solicited leave to surrender the Mississippi 
 wilderness to the home government. Accordingly, on the 10th of April, 1732, 
 the jurisdiction and control over the commerce reverted to the crown of France. 
 The Company had held possession of Louisiana fourteen years. In 1735, Bien- 
 ville returned to assume command for the King. 
 
 A glance at a few of the old French settlements will show the progress made 
 in portions of Louisiana during the early part of the eighteenth century. As 
 early as 1705, traders and hunters had penetrated the fertile regions of the 
 Wabash, and from this region, at that early date, fifteen thousand hides and 
 skins had been collected and sent to Mobile for the European market. 
 
 In the year 1716, the French population on the Wabash kept up a lucrative 
 commerce with Mobile by means of traders and voyageurs. The Ohio River 
 was comparatively unknown. 
 
 In 1746, agriculture on the Wabash had attained to greater prosperity than 
 in any of the French settlements besides, and in that year six hundred barrels 
 of flour were manufactured and shipped to New Orleans, together with consider- 
 able quantities of hides, peltry, tallow and beeswax. 
 
 In the Illinois country, also, considerable settlements had been made, so that, 
 in 1730, they embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six 
 hundred " converted Indians," and many traders and voyageurs. 
 
 In 1753, the first actual conflict arose between Louisiana and the Atlantic 
 colonies. From the earliest advent of the Jesuit fathers, up to the period of 
 which we speak, the great ambition of the French had been, not alone to preserve 
 their possessions in the West, but by every possible means to prevent the 
 slightest attempt of the English, east of the mountains, to extend their settle- 
 
144 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 mcnts toward the Mississippi. France was resolved on retaining possession of 
 the o-reat territory wliich her missionaries had discovered and revealed to the 
 world. French commandants had avowed their purpose of seizing every 
 Englishman within the Ohio Valley. 
 
 The colonies of Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia were most affected by 
 the encroachments of France in the extension of her dominion, and particularly 
 in the great scheme of uniting Canada with Louisiana. To carry out this 
 purpose, the French had taken possession of a tract of country claimed by Vir- 
 criiiia, and had commenced a line of forts extending from the lakes to the Ohio 
 River. Virginia was not only alive to her own interests, but attentive to the 
 vast importance of an immediate and effectual resistance on the part of all 
 the Encrlish colonies to the actual and contemplated encroachments of the 
 French. 
 
 In 17o3, Governor Dinwiddie, of Virginia, sent George Washington, then a 
 young man just twenty-one, to demand of the French commandant " a reason 
 for invading British dominions while a solid peace subsisted." Washington met 
 the French commandant, Gardeur de St. Pierre, on the head waters of the 
 Alleghany, and having communicated to him the object of his journey, received 
 the insolent answer that the French would not discuss the matter of right, but 
 would make prisoners of every Englishman found trading on the Ohio and its 
 waters. The country, he said, belonged to the French, by virtue of the dis- 
 coveries of La Salle, and they would not withdraw from it. 
 
 In January, 1754, Washington returned to Virginia, and made his report to 
 the Governor and Council. Forces were at once raised, and Washington, as 
 Lieutenant Colonel, was dispatched at the head of a hundred and fifty men, to 
 the forks of the Ohio, with orders to "finish the fort already begun there by the 
 Ohio Company, and to make prisoners, kill or destroy all who interrupted the 
 English settlements." 
 
 On his march through the forests of Western Pennsylvania, Washington, 
 through the aid of friendly Indians, discovered the French concealed among the 
 rocks, and as they ran to seize their ai'ms, ordered his men to fire upon them, at 
 the same time, with his own musket, setting the example. An action lasting 
 about a quarter of an hour ensued ; ten of the Frenchmen were killed, among 
 them Jumonville, the commander of the party, and twenty-one were made pris- 
 oners. The dead were scalped by the Indians, and the chief, bearing a toma- 
 liawk and a scalp, visited all the tribes of the Miamis, urging them to join the 
 Six Nations and the English against the French. The French, howevei*, were 
 soon re-enforced, and Col. Washington was compelled to return to Fort 
 Necessity. Here, on the 3d day of July, De Villiers invested the fort with 
 600 French troops and 100 Indians. On the 4th, Washington accepted 
 terms of capitulation, and the English garrison withdrew from the valley of 
 the Ohio. 
 
 This attack of Washington upon Jumonville aroused the indignation of 
 France, and war was formally declared in May, 1756, and the "French and 
 Indian War" devastated the colonies for several years. Montreal, Detroit 
 ami all Canada were surrendered to the English, and on the 10th of February, 
 1763, by the treaty of Paris — which had been signed, though not formally ratified 
 by therespective governments, on the 3dof November, 1762 — France relinquished 
 to (ireat Britian all that portion of the province of Louisiana lying on the east 
 side of the Mississippi, except the island and town of New Orleans. On the 
 same day that the treaty of Paris was signed, France, by a secret treaty, ceded 
 to Spain all her possessions on the west side of the Mississippi, including the 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 145 
 
 whole country to the head waters of the Great River, and west to the Rocky 
 Mountains, and the jurisdiction of France in America, which had lasted nearly 
 a century, was ended. 
 
 At the close of the Revolutionary war, by the treaty of peace between Great 
 Britain and the United States, the English Government ceded to the latter 
 all the territory on the east side of the Mississippi River and north of the thirty- 
 first parallel of north latitude. At the same time. Great Britain ceded to 
 Spain all the Floridas, comprising all the territory east of the Mississippi and 
 south of the southern limits of the United States. 
 
 At this time, therefore, the present State of Iowa was a part of the Spanish 
 possessions in North America, as all the territory west of the Mississippi River 
 was under the dominion of Spain. That government also possessed all the 
 territory of the Floridas east of the great river and south of the thirty-first 
 parallel of north latitude. The Mississippi, therefore, so essential to the pros- 
 perity of the western portion of the United States, for the last three hundred 
 miles of its course flowed Avholly within the Spanish dominions, and that govern- 
 ment claimed the exclusive right to use and control it below the southern boun- 
 dary of the United States. 
 
 The free navigation of the Mississippi was a very important question during 
 all the time that Louisiana remained a dependency of the Spanish Crown, and 
 as the final settlement intimately affected the status of the then future State 
 of Iowa, it will be interesting to trace its progress. 
 
 The people of the United States occupied and exercised jurisdiction over 
 the entire eastern valley of the Mississippi, embracing all the country drained 
 by its eastern tributaries ; they had a natural right, according to the accepted in- 
 ternational law, to follow these rivers to the sea, and to the use of the Missis- 
 sippi River accordingly, as the great natural channel of commerce. The river 
 was not only necessary but absolutely indispensable to the prosperity and growth 
 of the western settlements then rapidly rising into commercial and political 
 importance. They were situated in the heart of the great valley, and with 
 wonderfully expansive energies and accumulating resources, it was very evident 
 that no power on earth could deprive them of the free use of the river below 
 them, only while their numbers were insufficient to enable them to maintain 
 their right by force. Inevitably, therefore, immediately after the ratification of 
 the treaty of 1783, the Western people began to demand the free navigation 
 of the Mississippi — not as a favor, but as a right. In 1786, both banks of 
 the river, below the mouth of the Ohio, were occupied by Spain, and military 
 posts on the east bank enforced her power to exact heavy duties on all im- 
 ports by way of the river for the Ohio region. Every boat descending the 
 river was forced to land and submit to the arbitrary revenue exactions of the 
 Spanish authorities. Under the administration of Governor Miro, these rigor- 
 ous exactions were somewhat relaxed from 1787 to 1790 ; but Spain held it as 
 her right to make them. Taking advantage of the claim of the American people, 
 that the Mississippi should be opened to them, in 1791, the Spanish Govern- 
 ment concocted a scheme for the dismembership of the Union. The plan was 
 to induce the Western people to separate from the Eastern States by liberal land 
 grants and extraordinary commercial privileges. 
 
 Spanish emissaries, among the people of Ohio and Kentucky, informed them 
 that the Spanish Government would grant them favorable commercial privileges, 
 provided they would secede from the Federal Government east of the mountains. 
 The Spanish Minister to the United States plainly declared to his confidential 
 correspondent that, unless the Western people would declare their independence 
 
14() HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 and refuse to remain in the Union, Spain was determined never to grant the 
 free navigation of the Mississippi. 
 
 By the treaty of Madrid, October 20, 1795, however, Spain formally stip- 
 ulated that the Mississippi River, from its source to the Gulf, for its entire width, 
 should be free to American trade and commerce, and that the people of the 
 United States should be permitted, for three years, to use the port of New 
 Orleans as a port of deposit for their merchandise and produce, duty free. 
 
 In November, 1801, the United States Government received, through Rufus 
 Kinf, its Minister at the Court of St. James, a copy of the treaty between Spain 
 and France, signed at Madrid March 21, 1801, by which the cession of Loui- 
 siana to France, made the previous Autumn, was confirmed. 
 
 The change offered a favorable opportunity to secure the just rights of the 
 United States, in relation to the free navigation of the Mississippi, and ended 
 the attempt to dismember the Union by an effort to secure an independent 
 government west of the Alleghany Mountains. On the 7th of January, 1803, 
 the American House of Representatives adopted a resolution declaring their 
 " unalterable determination to maintain the boundaries and the rights of navi- 
 gation and commerce through the River Mississippi, as established by existing 
 treaties." 
 
 In the same month. President Jefferson nominated and the Senate confirmed 
 Robert R. Livingston and James Monroe as Envoys Plenipotentiary to the 
 Court of France, and Charles Pinckney and James Monroe to the Court of 
 Spain, with plenary powers to negotiate ti'eaties to effect the object enunciated 
 by the popular branch of the National Legislature. These envoys were in- 
 structed to secure, if possible, the cession of Florida and New Orleans, but it 
 does not appear that Mr. Jefferson and his Cabinet had any idea of purchasing 
 that part of Louisiana lying on the tvest side of the Mississippi. In fact, on 
 the 2d of March following, the instructions were sent to our Ministers, contain- 
 ing a plan which expressly left to France " all her territory on the west side of 
 the Mississippi." Had these instructions been followed, it might have been that 
 there would not have been any State of Iowa or any other member of the glori- 
 ous Union of States west of the "Father of Waters." 
 
 In obedience to his instructions, however, Mr. Livingston broached this 
 plan to M. Talleyrand, Napoleon's Prime Minister, when that courtly diplo- 
 matist quietly suggested to the American Minister that France might be walling 
 to cede the whole French domain in North America to the United States, and 
 asked how much the Federal Government would be willing to give for it. Liv- 
 ingston intimated that twenty millions of francs might be a fair price. Talley- 
 rand thought tliat not enough, but asked the Americans to "think of it." A 
 few days later. Napoleon, in an interview with Mr. Livingston, in effect informed 
 the American Envoy that he had secured Louisiana in a contract with Spain 
 for the purpose of turning it over to the United States for a mere nominal sum. 
 He had been compelled to provide for the safety of that province by the treaty, 
 and he was " anxious to give the United States a magnificent bargain for a 
 mere trifle." The price proposed was one hundred and twenty -five million 
 francs. This was subsequently modified to fifteen million dollars, and on this 
 basis a treaty was negotiated, and was signed on the 30th day of April, 1803. 
 
 This treaty was ratified by the Federal Government, and by act of Congress, 
 approved October 31, 1803, tlie President of the United States was authorized 
 to take possession of the territory and provide for it a temporary government. 
 Accordingly, on tlic 20th day of December foil .wing, on behalf of the Presi- 
 dent, Gov. Clairborne and Gen. Wilkinson took possession of the Louisiana 
 
lilSToUV OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 147 
 
 purchase, and raised the American flag over the newly acquired domain, at New 
 Orleans. Spain, although it had by treaty ceded the province to France in 
 1801, still held quasi possession, and at first objected to the transfer, but with- 
 drew her opposition early in 1804. 
 
 By this treaty, thus successfully consummated, and the peaceable withdrawal 
 of Spain, the then infant nation of the New World extended its dominion west 
 of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, and north from the Gulf of Mexico to 
 British America. 
 
 If the original design of Jefferson's administration had been accomplished, 
 the United States would have acquired only that portion of the French territory 
 lying east of the Mississippi River, and while the American people would thus 
 have acquired the free navigation of that great river, all of the vast and fertile 
 empire on the west, so rich in its agricultural and inexhaustible mineral 
 resources, would have remained under the dominion of a foreign power. To 
 Napoleon's desire to sell the whole of his North American possessions, and Liv- 
 ingston's act transcending his instructions, which was acquiesced in after it was 
 done, does Iowa owe her position as a part of the United States by the 
 Louisiana purchase. 
 
 By authority of an act of Congress, approved March 26, 1804, the newly 
 acquired territory was, on the 1st day of October following, divided : that part 
 lying south of the Sod parallel of north latitude was called the Territory of 
 Orleans, and all north of that parallel the District of Louisiana, which was placed 
 under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory, until July 4, 1805, when 
 it was organized, with territorial government of its ow^n, and so remained until 
 1812, when the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana, and the 
 name of the Territory of Louisiana was changed to Missouri. On the 4th of 
 July, 1814, that part of Missouri Territory comprising the present State of 
 Arkansas, and the country to the westward, was organized into the Arkansas 
 Territory. 
 
 On the 2d of March, 1821, the State of Missouri, being a part of the Terri- 
 tory of that name, was admitted to the Union. June 28, 1834, the territory 
 west of the Mississippi Biver and north of Missouri was made a part of the 
 Territory of Michigan ; but two years later, on the 4th of July, 1836, Wiscon- 
 sin Territory was erected, embracing within its limits the present States of 
 Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved June 12, 1838, the 
 
 TERRITORY OF IOWA 
 
 was erected, comprising, in addition to the present State, much the larger part 
 of Minnesota, and extending north to the boundary of the British Possessions. 
 
 THE ORIGINAL OWNERS. 
 
 Having traced the early history of the great empire lymg w^est of the Mis- 
 sissippi, of which the State of Iowa constitutes a part, from the earliest dis- 
 covery to the organization of the Territory of Iowa, it becomes necessary to 
 give some history of 
 
 THE INDIANS OF IOWA. 
 
 According to the policy of the European nations, possession perfected title 
 to any territory. We have seen that the country west of the Mississippi was first 
 discovered by the Spaniards, but afterward, was visited and occupied by the 
 French. It was ceded by France to Spain, and by Spain back to France again, 
 
148 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 and then was purchased and occupied by the United States. During all that 
 time, it does not appear to have entered into the heads or hearts of the high 
 contracting parties that the country they bought, sold and gave away was in 
 the possession of a race of men who, although savage, owned the vast domain 
 before Columbus first crossed the Atlantic. Having purchased the territory, 
 the United States found it still in the possession of its original owners, who had 
 never been dispossessed; and it became necessary to purchase again what had 
 already been bought before, or forcibly eject the occupants; therefore, the his- 
 tory ot" the Indian nations who occupied Iowa prior to and during its early set- 
 tlement by the whites, becomes an important chapter in the history of the State, 
 that cannot be omitted. 
 
 For more than one hundred years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin 
 soil of Iowa, not a single settlement had been made or attempted ; not even a 
 trading post had been established. The whole country remained in the undis- 
 puted possession of the native tribes, who roamed at will over her beautiful and 
 fertile prairies, hunted in her woods, fished in her streams, and often poured out 
 their life-blood in obstinately contested contests for supremacy. That this State 
 so aptly styled "The Beautiful Land," had been the theater of numerous, 
 fierce and bh)ody struggles between rival nations, for possession of the favored 
 region, long before its settlement by civilized man, there is no room for doubt. 
 In these savage wars, the weaker party, whether aggressive or defensive, was 
 either exterminated or driven from their ancient hunting grounds. 
 
 In 1673, when Marquette discovered Iowa, the Illini were a very powerful 
 people, occupying a large portion of the State ; but when the country was again 
 visited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on 
 the west side of the Mississippi, and Iowa was principally in tlie possession of 
 the Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations, 
 residing in New York and on the waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually 
 fought their way westward, and united, probably, after the Foxes had been driven 
 out of the Fox River country, in 1846, and crossed the Mississippi. The death 
 of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pretext for war against the 
 Illini, and a fierce and bloody struggle ensued, which continued until the Illinois 
 were nearly destroyed and their hunting grounds possessed by their victorious 
 foes. The lowas also occupied a portion of the State for a time, in common 
 with the Sscs, but they, too, were nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and. 
 in "The Beautiful Land," these natives met their equally Avarlike foes, the 
 I»Jortliern Sioux, with whom they maintained a constant warfare for the posses- 
 sion of the country for many years. 
 
 When tlie United States came in possession of the great valley of the Mis- 
 sissippi, by the Louisiana purchase, the Sacs and Foxes and lowas possessed 
 the entire territory now comprising the State of Iowa. The Sacs and Foxes, 
 also, occupied the most of the State of Illinois. 
 
 The Sacs had four principal villages, where most of them resided, viz. : 
 Their largest and most important town — if an Indian village may be called 
 such — and from which emanated most of the obstacles and difficulties encoun- 
 tered by the Government in the extinguishment of Indian titles to land in this 
 region, was on Rock River, near Rock Island; another was on the east bank of 
 the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson River; the third was at the 
 head of the Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose, and the fourth 
 was near the mouth of the Upper Iowa. 
 
 The Foxes had three principal villages, viz. : One on the west side of the 
 Mississippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock River ; another about twelve 
 
HISTORY OF T:TE STATE OF IOWA. 149 
 
 miles from the river, in the rear of the Dubuque lead mines, and the third on 
 Turkey River, 
 
 The lowas, at one time identified with the Sacs, of Rock River, had with- 
 drawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village was on 
 the Des Moines River, in Van Buren County, on the site where lowaville now 
 stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lowas 
 was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded one division 
 of the attacking forces. The following account of the battle has been given : 
 
 " Contrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was commenced in the day- 
 time, the attending circumstances justifying this departure from the well settled usages of Indian 
 warfare. The battle field was a level river bottom, about four miles in lecgth, and two miles 
 wide near the middle, narrowing to a point at either end. The main area of this bottom rises 
 perhaps twenty feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered 
 with trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a thick forest, and the immediate bank of 
 the river was fringed with a dense growth of willows. Near the lower end of this prairie, near 
 the river bank, was situated the Iowa village. About two miles above it and near the middle of 
 the prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and underbrush growing on 
 its summit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that 
 time, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the north, the 
 country rises abruptly into elevated broken river bluffs, covered with a heavy forest for many 
 miles in extent, and in places thickly clustered with undergrowth, affording a convenient shelter 
 for the stealthy approach of the foe. 
 
 " Through this forest the Sac and Fox war party made their way in the night and secreted 
 themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and 
 make such observations as this near proximity to their intended victim might afford, to aid them 
 in their contemplated attack on the town during the following night. From this situation their 
 spies could take a full survey of the village, and watch every movement of the inhabitants, by 
 which means they were soon convinced that the lowas had no suspicion of their presence. 
 
 " At the foot of the mound above mentioned, the lowas had their race course, where they diverted 
 themselves with the excitement of horse racing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry 
 evolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and 
 defense carefully inculcated, by which means a skill in horsemanship was acquired rarely excel led. 
 Unfortunately for them this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and wholly uncon- 
 scious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors repaired to the race ground, leaving most of 
 their arms in the village and their old men and women and children unprotected. 
 
 " Pash-a-po-po, who was chief in command of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived at once the 
 advantage this state of things afforded for a complete surprise of his now doomed victims, and 
 ordered Black Hawk to file off with his young warriors thruugh the tall grass and gain the cover 
 of the timber along the river bank, and with the utmost speed reach the village and commence 
 the battle, while he remained with his division in the ambush to make a simultaneous assault on 
 the unarmed men whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the races. The plan 
 was skillfully laid and most dexterously executed. Black Hawk with his forces reached the 
 village undiscovered, and made a furious onslaught upon the defenseless inhabitants, by firing 
 one general volley into their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomahavk and scalp- 
 ing knife, aided by the devouring flames with which they enveloped the village as sooa as the 
 fire brand could be spread from lodge to lodge. 
 
 " On the instant ot the report of fire arms at the village the tbrces under Pash-a-po-po 
 leaped from their couchant position in the grass and sprang tiger-like upon the astonisheil and 
 unarmed lowas in the midst of their racing sports. The fir^t impulse of the latter naturally led 
 them to make the utmost speed toward their arms in the village, and protect if possible their 
 wives and chd Iren from the attack of their merciless assailants. The distance from the place of 
 attack on the prairie was two miles, and a great number fell in their flight by the bullets and 
 tomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a running fire the whole way, and 
 the survivors only reached their town in time to witness the horrors of its destruction. Their 
 whole village was in flames, and the dearest objects of their lives lay in slaughtered heaps 
 amidst the devouring element, and the agonizing groans of the dying, mingled with fhj exulting 
 shouts of the victorious foe, filleil their hearts with maddening despair. Their wives ami children 
 who had been spared the general massacre were prisoners, and together with their arms were in 
 the hands of the victors ; and all that could now be done was to draw off their shattered and 
 defenseless forces, and save as many lives as possible by a retreat across the Des Moines River, 
 which they effected in the best possible manner, and took a position among the Soap Creek 
 Hills." 
 
 The Sacs and Foxes, prior to the settlement of their village on Rock River, 
 h?d a fierce conflict with the Winnebagoes, subdued tbera and took nossession 
 
150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 of their lands. Their village on Rock River, at one time, contained upward of 
 sixty lod'^es, and was among the largest Indian villages on the continent. In 
 lH2o, the Secretary of War estimated the entire number of the Sacs and Foxes 
 at 4,600 souls. Tiieir village was situated in the immediate vicinity of the 
 upi>er rapids of the Mississippi, Avliere the beautiful and flourishing towns of 
 Kock Island and Davenport are now situated. The beautiful scenery of the 
 island, the extensive prairies, dotted over with groves ; the picturesque bluffs 
 along the river banks, the rich and fertile soil, producing large crops of corn, 
 S(iuash and other vegetables, with little iabor; the abundance of wild fruit, 
 came, fish, and almost everything calculated to make it a delightful spot for an 
 Indian village, which was found there, had made this place a favorite home of 
 the Sacs, and secured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole 
 nation. 
 
 North of the hunting grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, were those of the 
 Sioux, a fierce and warlike nation, who often disputed possession with their 
 rivals in savage and bloody warfare. The possessions of these tribes were 
 mostly located in Minnesota, but extended over a portion of Northern and 
 Western Iowa to the Missouri River. Their descent from the north upon the 
 hunting grounds of Iowa frequently brought them into collision with the Sacs 
 and Foxes ; and after many a conflict and bloody struggle, a boundary line was 
 established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty 
 held at Prairie du Chien, in 1825. But this, instead of settling the difficulties, 
 caused them to fjuarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespasses upon 
 each other's side of the line. These contests were kept up and became so unre- 
 lenting that, in 1830, Government bought of the respective tribes of the Sacs 
 and Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty miles in width, on both sides 
 of the lino, and thus throwing them forty miles apart by creating between them 
 a "neutral ground," commanded them to cease their hostilities. Both the 
 Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux, however, were allowed to fish and hunt on this 
 ground unmolested, provided they did not interfere with each other on United 
 States territory. The Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux were deadly enemies, and 
 neither let an opportunity to punish the otlier pass unimproved. 
 
 In April, 18;32, a figlit occurred between the Musquaka band of Sacs and 
 Foxes and a band of Sioux, about six miles above Algona, in Kossuth County, 
 on the west side of the Des Moines River. The Sacs and Foxes were under 
 the leadership of Ko-ko-wah, a subordinate chief, and had gone up from their 
 home in Tama County, by way of Clear Lake, to what was then the "neutral 
 ground." At Clear Lake, Ko-ko-wah Avas informed that a party of Sioux were 
 encamped on the west side of the East Fork of the Des Moines, and he deter- 
 mined to attack them. With sixty of his warriors, he started and arrived at a 
 point on the east side of the river, about a mile above the Sioux encampment, 
 in the night, and concealed themselves in a grove, where they were able to dis- 
 cover the position and strength of their hereditary foes. The next morning, 
 after many of the Sioux braves had left their camp on hunting tours, the vin- 
 dictive Sacs and Foxes crossed the river and suddenly attacked the camp. The 
 conflict was desperate for a short time, but the advantage was with the assail- 
 ants, and the Sioux were routed. Sixteen of them, including some of their 
 women and children, were killed, and a boy 14 years old was captured. One 
 of the Musquakas was shot in the breast by a S((uaw as they were rushing into 
 the Sioux's camp. lie started to run away, when the same brave squaw shot 
 him through the body, at a distance of twenty rods, and he fell dead. Three 
 other Sac braves were killed. But few of the Sioux escaped. The victorious 
 
HISTJRl' OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 151 
 
 party hurriedly buried their own dead, leaving the dead Sioux above ground, 
 and made their way home, with their captive, with all possible expedition, 
 
 pike's expedition. 
 
 Very soon after the acquisition of Louisiana, the United States Government 
 adopted measures for the exploration of the new territory, having in view the 
 conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and, 
 also, the selection of proper sites for the establishment of military posts and 
 trading stations. The Army of the West, Gen. James Wilkinson commanding, 
 liad its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post, Captains Lewis and Clark, 
 with a sufficient force, were detailed to explore the unknown sources of the 
 Missouri, and Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head waters of the Mis- 
 sissippi. Lieut. Pike, with one Sergeant, two Corporals and seventeen privates, 
 left the military camp, near St. Louis, in a keel-boat, with four months' rations, 
 on the 9th day of August, 1805. On the 20th of the same month, the expe- 
 dition arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines 
 Rapids, where Pike met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian 
 Agent at this point, a French interpreter and four chiefs and fifteen Sac and 
 Fox warriors. 
 
 At the head of the Rapids, Avhere Montrose is now situated, Pike held a 
 council with the Indians, in which ho addressed them substantially as follows : 
 " Your great Father, the President of the United States, wished to be more 
 intimately acquainted with the situation and Avants of the different nations of 
 red people in our newlv acquired territory of Louisiana, and has ordered the 
 General to send a number of his warriors in different directions to take them by 
 the hand and make such inquiries as might afford the satisfaction required." 
 At the close of the council he presented the red men with some knives, whisky 
 and tobacco. 
 
 Pursuing his way up the river, he arrived, on the 23d of August, at what is 
 supposed, from his description, to be the site of the present city of Burlington, 
 which he selected as the location of a military post. He describes the place as 
 being " on a hill, about forty miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the 
 west side of the river, in latitude about 41° 21' north. The channel of the 
 river runs on that shore; the hill in front is about sixty feet perpendicular; 
 nearly level on top; four hundred yards in the rear is a small prairie fit for 
 gardening, and immediately under the hill is a limestone spring, sufficient for 
 the consumption of a whole regiment." In addition to this description, which 
 corresponds to Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the 
 river, a short distance below the mouth of the Henderson, which pours its waters 
 into the Mississippi from Illinois. The fort was built at Fort Madison, but from 
 the distance, latitude, description and map furnished by Pike, it could not have 
 been the place selected by him, while all the circumstances corroborate the 
 opinion that the place he selected was the spot where Burlington is now located, 
 called by the early voyagers on the Mississippi, "Flint Hills." 
 
 On the 24th, with one of his men, he went on shore on a hunting expedition, 
 and following a stream which they supposed to be a part of the Mississippi, they 
 were led away from their course. Owing to the intense heat and tall grass, his 
 two favorite dogs, which he had taken with him, became exhausted and he left 
 them on the prairie, supposing that they would follow him as soon as they 
 should get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. Reaching the river, he 
 waited sometime for his canine friends, but they did not come, and as he deemed 
 it inexpedient to detam the boat longer, two of his men volunteered to go in pur- 
 
152 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 suit of them, and he continued on his way up the river, expecting that the two 
 men wouhl soon overtake him. They lost their way, however, and for six days 
 were without food, except a few morsels gathered from the stream, and might 
 have perished, had they not accidentally met a trader from St. Louis, who in- 
 duced two Indians to take them up the river, and they overtook the boat at 
 Dubuque. 
 
 At Dubu(jue, Pike was cordially received by Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman, 
 who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain. Dubuque had an old fiehl 
 piece and firetl a salute in honor of the advent of the first Americans who had 
 visited that part of the Territory. Dubuque, however, was not disposed to pub- 
 lish the wealth of his mines, and the young and evidently inquisitive officer 
 obtained but little information from him. 
 
 After leaving this place, Pike pursued his way up the river, but as he passed 
 beyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a detailed history of his explo- 
 rations on the upper waters of the Mississippi more properly belongs to the his- 
 tory of another State. 
 
 It is sufficient to say that on the site of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, at the 
 mouth of the Minnesota River, Pike held a council with the Sioux, September 
 23, and obtained from them a grant of one hundred thousand acres of land. 
 On the 8th of January, 1806, Pike arrived at a trading post belonging to the 
 Northwest Company, on Lake De Sable, in latitude 47°. At this time the 
 then [)owerful Northwest Company carried on their immense operations from 
 Hudson's Bay to the St. Lawrence; up that river on both sides, along the great 
 lakes to the head of Lake Superior, thence to the sources of the Red River of 
 the north and west, to the Rocky Mountains, embracing within the scope of 
 their operations the entire Territory of Iowa. After successfully accomplishing 
 his mission, and performing a valuable service to Iowa and the whole Northwest, 
 Pike returned to St. Louis, arriving there on the 80th of April, 1806. 
 
 INDIAN WARS. 
 
 The Territory of Iowa, although it had been purchased by the United States, 
 and was ostensibly in the possession of the Government, was still occupied by 
 the Indians, who claimed title to the soil by right of ownership and possession. 
 Before it could be open to settlement by the whites, it was indispensable that 
 the Indian title should be extinguished and the original owners removed. The 
 accomplishment of this purpose required the expenditure of large sums of 
 money and blood, and for a long series of years the frontier was disturbed by 
 Induin wars, terminated repeatedly by treaty, only to be renewed by some act 
 of oppression on the part of the whites or some violation of treaty stipulation. 
 
 As previously shown, at the time when the United States assumed the con- 
 trol of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State 
 was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a powerful and warlike nation, who 
 were not disposed to submit without a struggle to what they considered the 
 encroachments of the pale faces. 
 
 Among the most noted chiefs, and one whose restlessness and hatred of the 
 Americans occasioned more trouble to the Government than any other of his 
 tribe, was Black Hawk, who was born at the Sac villaire, on Rock River, in 
 1767. He was simj)ly the chief of his own band of Sac warriors, but by his 
 energy and ambition he became the leading spirit of the united nation of Sacs 
 and Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the country from 
 1S04 until his death. In early manhood he attained some distinction as a 
 tghting chi(.-f, having led campaigns against the Osages, and other neighboring 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 153 
 
 tribes. About the beginning of the present century he began to appear prom- 
 inent in affairs on the Mississippi. Some historians have added to the statement 
 that " it does not appear that he was ever a great general, or possessed any of 
 the qualifications of a successful leader." If this was so, his life was a marvel. 
 HoAV any man who had none of the qualifications of a leader became so prom- 
 inent as sucli, as he did, indicates either that he had some ability, or that his 
 cotemporaries, both Indian and Anglo-Saxon, had less than he. He is said 
 to have been the " victim of a narrow prejudice and bitter ill-will against the 
 Americans," but the impartial historian must admit that if he was the enemy 
 of theAmericans, it was certainly not Avithout some reason. 
 
 It will be remembered that Spain did not give up possession of the country 
 to France on its cession to the latter power, in 1801, but retained possession of 
 it, and, by the authority of France, transferred it to the United States, in 1804. 
 Black Hawk and his band wei'e in St. Louis at the time, and were invited to be 
 present and witness the ceremonies of the transfer, but he refused the invitation, 
 and it is but just to say that this refusal was caused probably more from 
 regret that the Indians were to be transferred from the jurisdiction of the 
 Spanish authorities than from any special hatred toward the Americans. In 
 his life he says : "I found many sad and gloomy faces because the United 
 States were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the 
 Americans came, I took my band and went to take leave of our Spanish father. 
 The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them ap[)roach, we passed out 
 of one door as they entered another, and immediately started in our canoes for 
 our village, oli Rock River, not liking the change any more than our friends 
 appeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that 
 strange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our 
 Spanish father again. The information made all our people sorry." 
 
 On the 3d day of November, 1804, a treaty Avas concluded between William 
 Henry Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, on behalf of the United 
 States, and five chiefs of the Sac and Fox nation, by whicli the latter, in con- 
 sideration of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four dollars' worth of goods 
 then delivered, and a yearly annuity of one thousand dollars to be paid in 
 goods at just cost, ceded to the U^nited States all that land on the east side of 
 the Mississppi, extending from a point opposite the Jefferson, in Missouri, to 
 the Wisconsin River, embracing an area of over fifty-one millions of acres. 
 
 To this treaty Black Hawk always objected and always refused to consider 
 it binding upon his people. He asserted that the chiefs or braves who made it 
 had no authority to relinquish the title of the nation to any of the lands they 
 held or occupied ; and, moreover, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite 
 a different errand, namely, to get one of their people released, who had been 
 imprisoned at St. Louis for killing a white man. 
 
 The year following this treaty (1805), Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike came up 
 the river for the purpose of holding friendly councils Avith the Indians and select- 
 ing sites for forts within the territory recently acquired from France by the 
 United States. Lieutenant Pike seems to have been the first American Avhom 
 Black Hawk ever met or had a personal interview Avitli ; and he was very much 
 prepossessed in Pike's favor. He gives the following account of his visit to 
 Rock Island : 
 
 " A boat came up the river with a young American chief and a small party 
 of soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed Salt River. Some of our 
 young braves Avatched them every day, to see Avhat sort of people he had on 
 board. The boat at length arrived at Rock River, and the young chief came on 
 
154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 shore with his interpreter, and made a speech and gave us some presents. We 
 in turn presented them Avith meat and such other provisions as we had to spare. 
 We were well ] (leased Avith tlie young chief. He gave us good advice, and said 
 our American father Avould treat us well." 
 
 The events which soon followed Pike's expedition were the erection of Fort 
 Edwards, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and Fort Madison, on the site of the 
 present town of that name, the latter being the first fort erected in Iowa. These 
 movements occasioned great uneasiness among the Indians. When work was 
 commenced on Fort Edwards, a delegation from their nation, headed by some of 
 their chiefs, went down to see what the Americans were doing, and had an in- 
 terview with the commander; after which they returned home apparently satis- 
 fied. In like manner, when Fort Madison Avas being erected, they sent down 
 another delegation from a council of the nation held at Rock River. Accord- 
 ing to Black Hawk's account, the American chief told them that he Avas build- 
 ing a house for a trader Avho Avas coming to sell them goods cheap, and that the 
 soldiers Avore coming to keep him company — a statement Avhich Black HaAvk 
 says they distrusted at the time, believing that the fort Avas an encroachment 
 upon their rights, and designed to aid in getting their lands aAvay from them. 
 
 It has been held by good American authorities, that the erection of Fort 
 Madison at the point Avhere it was located was a violation of the treaty of 1804. 
 By the eleventh article of that treaty, the United States had a right to build a 
 fort near the mouth of the Wisconsin River ; by article six they had bound 
 themselves '"that if any citizen of the United States or any other Avhite persons 
 should form a settlement upon their lands, such intruders should forthwith be 
 removed." Probably the authorities of the United States did not regard the 
 establishment of military posts as coming properly within the meaning of the 
 term "settlement," as used in the treaty. At all events, they erected Fort 
 Madison Avithin the territory reserved to the Indians, wdio became very indig- 
 nant. Not long after the fort Avas built, a party led by Black HaAvk attempted 
 its destruction. They sent spies to Avatch the movements of the garrison, who 
 ascertained that the soldiers Avere in the habit of marching out of the fort every 
 morning and evening for parade, and the plan of the party Avas to conceal them- 
 selves near the fort, and attack and surprise them Avhen they Avere outside. On 
 the morning of the proposed day of attack, five soldiers came out and Avere fired 
 upon by the Indians, two of them being killed. The Indians were too hasty in 
 tlieir movement, for the regidar drill had not yet commenced. HoAvever, they 
 kept up the attack for sevei-al days, attempting the old Fox strategy of setting 
 fire to the fi)rt Avith blazing arroAvs ; but finding their efforts unavailing, ihey 
 soon gave up and returned to Rock River. 
 
 When war was declared between the United States and Great Britain, m 
 1812, Black Hawk and his baud allied themselves Avith the British, partly 
 because he was dazzled by their specious promises, and more probal)ly because 
 they had been deceived by the Americans. ]31ack Hawk himself declared that 
 they were "forced into the war by being deceived." Ho narrates the circum- 
 stances as follows: " Several of the chiefs and head men of the Sacs and 
 Foxes were called upon to go to Washington to see their Great Father. On 
 their return, they related what had been said and done. They said the Great 
 Father wished them, in the event of a war taking place with England, not to 
 interfere on either side, but to remain neutral. He did not want our help, but 
 Avi<hed us to hunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that 
 P.ritish traders would not l)e permitted to conu> on the Mississippi to furnish us 
 with goods, but that we should be supplied with an American trader. Our 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 155 
 
 chiefs then told him that the British traders always gave them credit in the 
 Fall for guns, powder and goods, to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. 
 He repeated that the traders at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods ; 
 that we should go there in the Fall and he would supply us on credit, as the 
 British traders had done." 
 
 Black Hawk seems to have accepted of this proposition, and he and his 
 people were very much pleased. Acting in good faith, they fitted out for their 
 Winter's hunt, and went to Fort Madison in high spirits to receive from the 
 trader their outfit of supplies. But, after waiting some time, they were told by 
 the trader that he would not trust them. It was in vain that they pleaded the 
 promise of their great father at Washington. The trader was inexorable ; and, 
 disappointed and crestfallen, they turned sadly toward their own village. *'Few 
 of us," says Black Plawk, "slept that night; all was gloom and discontent. In 
 the morning, a canoe was seen ascending the river ; it soon arrived, bearing an 
 express, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock 
 Island with two boats loaded with goods, and requested us to come up imme- 
 diately, because he had good news for us, and a variety of presents. The 
 express presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran through 
 our camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down, and all 
 started for Rock Island. Here ended all hopes of our remaining at peace, 
 having been forced into the war by being deceived." 
 
 He joined the British, who flattered him, styled him " Gen. Black Hawk," 
 decked him with medals, excited his jealousies against the Americans, and 
 armed his band ; but he met with defeat and disappointment, and soon aban- 
 doned the service and came home. 
 
 With all his skill and courage, Black Hawk was unable to lead all the Sacs 
 and Foxes into hostilities to the United States. A portion of them, at the head 
 of whom was Keokuk ("the Watchful Fox"), were disposed to abide by the 
 treaty of 1804, and to cultivate friendly relations with the American people. 
 Therefore, when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great 
 Britain, the rest of the nation remained neutral, and, for protection, organized, 
 with Keokuk for their chief. This divided the nation into the " War and the 
 Peace party." 
 
 Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that the 
 nation, which had been reduced to so small a body of fighting men, were unable 
 to defend themselves in case the Americans should attack them, and havmg all 
 the old men and women and children belonging to the Avarriors who had joined 
 the British on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was agreed 
 that Quash-qua-me (the Lance) and other chiefs, together with the old men, 
 women and children, and such others as chose to accompany them, should go to 
 St. Louis and place themselves under the American chief stationed there. 
 They accordingly went down, and were received as the "friendly band " of the 
 Sacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On 
 Black Hawks return from the British army, he says Keokuk was introduced 
 to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. He inquired how he 
 had become chief, and was informed that their spies had seen a large armed 
 force going toward. Peoria, and fears were entertained of an attack upon the 
 village ; whereupon a council was held, which concluded to leave the village 
 and cross over to the west side of the Mississippi. Keokuk had been standing 
 at the door of the lodge where the council was held, not being allowed to enter 
 on account of never having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me 
 came out. Keokuk asked permission to speak in the council, which Wa-co-me 
 
l^Q HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 obtained for him. Keokuk then addressed the chiefs ; he remonstrated against 
 the desertion of their vilhige, their own homes and the graves of their fathers, 
 and offered to defend the vilhige. The council consented that he shouhl be 
 their war chief. He marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on the 
 trail leadinf^ to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. The Americans 
 did not disturb the village, and all were satisfied with the appointment of 
 
 Keokuk. ,.101 1 J? 1, 
 
 Keokuk, like Black Hawk, was a descendant of the bac branch. ot the 
 nation, and was born on Rock River, in 1780. He was of a pacific disposition, 
 but possessed the elements of true courage, and could fight, when occasion 
 required, with a cool judgment and heroic energy. In his first battle, he en- 
 countered and killed a Sioux, which placed him in the rank of warriors, and he 
 was honored with a public feast by his tribe in commemoration of the event. 
 
 Keokuk has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with the most 
 gifted of his race. In person, he was tall and of portly bearing ; in his public 
 speeches, he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures ; he spoke 
 rapidly, but his enunciation was clear, distinct and forcible ; he culled his fig- 
 ures from the stores of nature and based his arguments on skillful logic. Un- 
 fortunately for the reputation of Keokuk, as an orator among white people, he 
 was never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint- 
 ance with philosophy. With one exception only, his interpreters were unac- 
 <|uainted with the elements of their mother-tongue. Of this serious hindrance 
 to his fame, Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labershure, who had 
 received a rudimental education in the French and English languages, until the 
 latter broke down by dissipation and died. But during the meridian of his 
 career among the white people, he Avas compelled to submit his speeches for 
 translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the flights of 
 a gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was beyond their power 
 of reproduction. He had sufficient knowledge of the English language to make 
 him sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling of morti- 
 fication at the bungling eff"orts was depicted on his countenance while speaking. 
 The proper place to form a correct estimate of his ability as an orator was in 
 the Indian council, where he addressed himself exclusively to those who under- 
 stood his language, and witness the electrical eifect of his eloquence upon his 
 audience. 
 
 Keokuk seems to have possessed a more sober judgment, and to have had a 
 more intelligent view of the great strength and resources of the United States, 
 than his noted and restless cotemporary, Black Hawk. He knew from the first 
 that the reckless war which Black Hawk and his band had detemnined to carry on 
 could result in nothing but defeat and disaster, and used every argument against 
 it. The large nuinljer of warriors whom he had dissuaded from following Black 
 Hawk became, however, greatly excited with the war spirit after Stillman's 
 defeat, and but for the signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would 
 have forced him to submit to their wishes in joining the rest of the warriors in 
 the fiehl. A war-dance was held, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be 
 moved with the current of the rising storm. When the dance was over, he 
 called the council to prepare for war. He made a speech, in which he admitted 
 the justice of their complaints against the Americans. To seek redress was a 
 noble aspiration of their nature. The blood of their brethren had been shed by 
 the white man, and the spirits of their braves, slain in battle, called loudly for 
 vengi'ance. "I am your cliief," he said, '"and it is ray duty to lead you to bat- 
 tle, if, after fully considering the matter, you are determined to go. But before 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 157 
 
 you decide on taking this important step, it is wise to niquirc into the chances of 
 success." He then portrayed to them the great power of the United States, 
 against Avhom they would have to contend, that their chance of success was 
 utterly hopeless. " But," said he, " if you do determine to go upon the war- 
 path, I will agree to lead you, on one condition, viz.: that before we go, we will 
 kill all our old men and our wives and children, to save them from a lingering 
 death of starvation, and that every one of us determine to leave our homes on 
 the other side of the Mississippi." 
 
 This was a strong but truthful picture of the prospect before them, and was 
 presented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor, and cause them to aban- 
 don the rash undertaking. 
 
 But during the war of 1832, it is now considered certain that small bands of 
 Indians, from the west side of the Mississippi, made incursions into the white 
 settlements, in the lead mining region, and committed some murders and dep- 
 redations. 
 
 When peace was declared between the United States and England, Black 
 HaAvk was required to make peace with the former, and entered into a treaty 
 at'Portage des Sioux, September 14, 1815, but did not "touch the goose-quill 
 to it until May 13, 1816, when he smoked the pipe of peace with the great 
 white chief," at St. Louis. This treaty was a renewal of the treaty of 1804, 
 but Black Hawk declared he had been deceived ; that he did not know that by 
 signing the treaty he was giving away his village. This weighed upon his mind, 
 already soured by previous disappointment and the irresistible encroachments of 
 the whites ; and Avhen, a few years later, he and his people were driven from 
 their possessions by the military, he determined to return to the home of his 
 fathers. 
 
 It is also to be remarked that, in 1816, by treaty with various tribes, the 
 United States relinquished to the Indians all the lands lying north of a line 
 drawn from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan west to the Mississippi, 
 except a reservation five leagues square, on the Mississippi River, supposed then 
 to be sufficient to include all the mineral lands on and adjacent to Fever River, 
 and one league square at the mouth of the Wisconsin River. 
 
 THE BLACK HAWK AVAR. 
 
 The immediate cause of the Indian outbreak in 1830 was the occupation of 
 Black Hawk's village, on the Rock River, by the whites, during the absence of 
 the chief and his braves on a hunting expedition, on the west side of the 
 Mississippi. When they returned, they found their AvigAvams occupied by Avhite 
 families, and their own women and children Avere shelterless on the banks of 
 the river. The Indians were indignant, and determined to repossess their village 
 at all hazards, and early in the Spring of 1831 recrossed the Mississippi and 
 menacingly took possession of their own cornfields and cabins. It may be Avell 
 to remark here that it was expressly stipulated in the treaty of 1804, to Avhich 
 they attributed all their troubles, that the Indians should not be obliged to 
 leave their lands until they were sold by the United States, and it does not 
 appear that they occupied any lands other than those owned by the Government. 
 If this AY as true, the Indians had good cause for indignation and complaint. 
 But the Avhites, driven out in turn by the returning Indians, became so clamorous 
 against Avhat they termed the encroachments of the natives, that Gov. Reynolds, of 
 Illinois, ordered Gen Gaines to Rock Island with a military force to drive the 
 Indians again from their homes to the Avest side of the Mississippi. Black Hawk 
 says he did not intend to be provoked into Avar by anything less than the blood of 
 
I;j8 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF TOWA. 
 
 some of his own people ; in other words, tliat there would be no war unless it should 
 be connuenced by the pale faces. But it was said and probably thought by the mili- 
 tary commanders along the frontier that the Indians intended to unite in a general 
 war against the whites, from Rock River to the Mexican borders. But it does not 
 appeal- tliat the hardy frontiersmen themselves had any fears, for their experi- 
 ence liad been that, when well treated, their Indian neighbors w^ere not danger- 
 ous. Black Hawk and his band had done no more than to attempt to repossess the 
 the old homes of which they had been deprived in their absence. No blood 
 had been shed. Black Hawk and his chiefs sent a flag of truce, and a new 
 treaty was made, by Avhich Black Hawk and his band agreed to remain forever 
 on tlie Iowa side and never recross the river without the permission of the 
 President or the Governor of Illinois. Whether the Indians clearly understood 
 the terms of this treaty is uncertain. As was usual, the Indian traders had 
 dictated terms on their behalf, and they had received a large amount of pro- 
 visions, etc., from the Government, but it may well be doubted whether the 
 Indians comprehended that they could never revisit the graves of their fathers 
 without violating their treaty. Tliey undoubtedly thought that they had agreed 
 never to recross the Mississippi with hostile intent. However this may be, on 
 the Gth day of April, 1882, Black Hawk and his entire band, with their women 
 and children, again recrossed the Mississippi in plain view of the garrison of 
 Fort Armstrong, and went up Rock River. Although this act was construed 
 into an act of hostility by the military authorities, who declared that Black 
 Hawk intended to recover his village, or the site where it stood, by force ; but 
 it does not appear that he made any such attempt, nor did his apearance 
 create any special alarm among the settlers. They knew that the Indians never 
 went on the war path encumbered Avitli the old men, their women and t'ji'ir 
 children. 
 
 The G-alenian, printed in Galena, of May 2, 1832, says that Black Hawk 
 was invited by the Prophet and had taken possession of a tract about forty 
 miles u}) Rock River ; but that he did not remain there long, but commenced 
 his march up Rock River. Capt. W. B. Green, who served in Capt. Stephen- 
 son's company of mounted rangers, says that " Black Hawk and h^s band 
 crossed the river with no hostile intent, but that his band had had bad luck in 
 hunting during the previous Winter, were actually in a starving condition, and 
 had come over to spend the Summer with a friendly tribe on the head waters of 
 the Rock and Illinois Rivers, by invitation from their chief. Other old set- 
 tlers, who all agree tliat Black Hawk had no idea of fighting, say that lie came 
 back to the west side expecting to negotiate another treaty, and get a new 
 supply of provisions. The most reasonable explanation of this movement, which 
 resulted so disastrously to Black Hawk and his starving people, is that, during 
 the Fall and Winter of 1831-2, his people became deeply indebted to their 
 favorite trader at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island). They had not been fortunate 
 in. hunting, and he was likely to lose heavily, as an Indian debt was outlawed 
 in one year. If, therefore, the Indians could be induced to come ovei', and the 
 fears of tlie military could be sufficiently aroused to pursue them, another treaty 
 could be negotiateil, and from the payments from the Government the shrewd 
 trader couhl get his pay. Just a week after Black Hawk crossed the river, on 
 the 13th of April, 1832, George Davenport wrote to Gen. Atkinson : " I am 
 informed that the British band of Sac Indians are determined to make war on 
 the frontier settlements. * * * Fi.,„i^ eyg,.^ information that I have 
 received. I am of the opinion that the intention of the British band of Sac 
 Indians is to commit depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier." And 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 159 
 
 yet, from the 6th day of April until after Stillman's men commenced war by 
 firing on a flag of truce from Black Hawk, no murders nor depredations were 
 committed by the British band of Sac Indians. 
 
 It is not the purpose of this sketch to detail the incidents of the Black 
 Hawk war of 1832, as it pertains rather to the history of the State of Illinois. 
 It is sufficient to say that, after the disgraceful affair at Stillman's Run, Black 
 Hawk, concluding that the whites, refusing to treat with him, were determined 
 to exterminate his people, determined to return to the Iowa side of the Missis- 
 sippi. He could not return by the way he came, for the army was behind him, 
 an army, too, that would sternly refuse to recognize the white flag of peace. 
 His only course was to make his way northward and reach the Mississippi, if 
 possible, before the troops could overtake him, and this he did ; but, before he 
 could get his women and children across the Wisconsin, he was overtaken, and a 
 battle ensued. Here, again, he sued for peace, and, through his trusty Lieu- 
 tenant, "the Prophet," the whites were plainly informed that the starving 
 Indians did not wish to fight, but would return to the west side of the Missis- 
 sippi, peaceably, if they could be permitted to do so. No attention was paid to 
 this second eff"ort to negotiate peace, and, as soon as supplies could be obtained, 
 the pursuit was resumed, the flying Indians Avere overtaken again eight miles 
 before tliey reached the mouth of the Bad Axe, and the slaughter (it sliould not 
 be dignified by the name of battle) commenced. Here, overcome by starvation 
 and the victorious whites, his band was scattered, on the 2d day of August, 
 1832. Black Hawk escaped, but was brought into eamp at Prairie du Chien 
 by three Winnebagoes. He was confined in Jeff'erson Barracks until the 
 Spring of 1833, Avhen he was sent to Washington, arriving there April 22. On 
 the 26tli of April, they were taken to Fortress Monroe, where they remained 
 till the 4th of June, 1833, when orders were given for them to bo liberated and 
 returned to their own country. By order of the President, he was brought 
 back to Iowa through the principal Eastern cities. Crowds flocked to see him 
 all along his route, and he was very much flattered by the attentions he 
 received. He lived among his people on the Iowa River till that reservation 
 was sold, in 1836, when, with the rest of the Sacs and Foxes, he removed to 
 the Des Moines Reservation, where he remained till his death, Avhich occurred 
 on the 3d of October, 1838. 
 
 INDIAN PURCHASES, RESERVES AND TREATIES- 
 
 At the close of the Black Hawk War, in 1832, a treaty Avas made at a 
 council held on the west bank of the Mississippi, where noAV stands the thriving 
 city of Davenport, on grounds now occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island & 
 Pacific Railroad Company, on the 21st day of September, 1832. At this 
 council, the United States w^ere represented by Gen. Wnifield Scott and Gov. 
 Reynolds, of Illinois. Keokuk, Pash-a-pa-ho and some thirty other chiefs and 
 warriors of the Sac and Fox nation were present. By this treaty, the Sacs and 
 Foxes ceded to the United States a strip of land on the eastern border of Iowa 
 fifty miles Avide, from the northern boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the 
 Upper loAva River, containing about six million acres. The western line of the 
 purchase was parallel with the Mississippi. In consideration of this cession, 
 the United States Government stipulated to pay annually to the confederated 
 tribes, for thirty consecutive years, tAventy thousand dollars in specie, and to 
 pay the debts of the Indians at Rock Island, which had been accumulating for 
 
lOO HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 seventeen Tears and amounted to fifty thousand dollars, due to Davenport & 
 Farnhani, Indian traders. The Government also generously donated to the 
 Sac and Fox women and children whose husbands and fiithers had fallen m the 
 Black Hawk war, thirty-five beef cattle, twelve bushels of salt, thirty barrels of 
 pork, fiftv barrels of flour and six thousand bushels of corn. 
 
 This territory is known as the " Black Hawk Purchase." Although it was 
 not the first portion of Iowa ceded to the United States by the Sacs and Foxes, 
 it was the first opened to actual settlement by the tide of emigration that flowed 
 across the Mississippi as soon as the Indian title was extinguished. The treaty 
 was ratified February 1:^, 1833, and took effect on the 1st of June following, 
 when the Indians (|uietly removed from the ceded territory, and this fertile and 
 beautiful region was opened to white settlers. 
 
 By the terms of the treaty, out of the Black Hawk Purchase was reserved for 
 the Siics and Foxes 400 scjuare miles of land situated on the Iowa River, and in- 
 Icuding within its limits Keokuk's village, on the right bank of that river. This 
 tract was known as ^' Keokuk's Reserve, ' and was occupied by the Indians until 
 1836, when, by a treaty made in September between them and Gov. Dodge, of 
 Wisconsin Territory, it was ceded to the United States. The council was held 
 on the banks of tlie Mississippi, above Davenport, and was the largest assem- 
 blage of the kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands. 
 About one thousand of their cliiefs and braves were present, and Keokuk was 
 their leading spii'it and principal speaker on the occasion. By the terms of the 
 treaty, the Sacs and Foxes were removed to another reservation on the Des 
 Moines River, where an agency was established for them at what is now the 
 town of Agency City. 
 
 Besides the Keokuk Reserve, the Government gave out of the Black Hawk 
 Purcliase to Antoine Le Claire, interpreter, in fee simple, one section of land 
 opposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids above the 
 island, on the Iowa side. This was the first land title granted by the United 
 States to an individual in Iowa. ^ 
 
 Soon after the removal of the Sacs and Foxes to their new reservation 
 on the Des Moines River, Gen. Joseph M. Street was transferred from the 
 agency of the Winnebagoes, at Prairie du Chien, to establish an agency 
 among them. A fiirm was selected, on which the necessary buildings were 
 erected, including a comfortable farm house for the agent and his family, at 
 tlie expense of the Indian Fund. A salaried agent was employed to superin- 
 tend tlie farm and dispose of the crops. Two mills were ei'ected, one on Soap 
 Creek and tlie other on Sugar Creek. The latter was soon swept away by a 
 flood, but the former remained and did good service for many years. Connected 
 with the agency were Joseph Smart and John Goodell, interpreters. The 
 latter was intcryiretcr for Hard Fish's band. Three of the Indian chiefs, Keo- 
 kuk, Wapello and Appanoose, had each a large field improved, the two former 
 on the riglit bank of the Des Moines, back from the river, in what is now 
 •• Keokuk's Prairie," and the latter on the present site of the city of Ottumwa. 
 .\mong the traders connected with the agency were the Messrs. Ewing, from 
 Ohio, and Phelps & Co., from Illinois, and also Mr. J. P. Eddy, who estab- 
 lished his post at what is now the site of Eddyville. 
 
 The Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the absence of their 
 natural and wonted excitements, and many of them plunged into dissipation. 
 Keokuk himself became dissipated in the latter years of his life, and it has 
 been reported that he died of delirium tremens after his removal with his 
 tribe to Kansas. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 161 
 
 In May, 1843, most of the Indians were removed up the Des Moines River, 
 above the temporary line of Red Rock, having ceded the remnant of their 
 lands in Iowa to the United States on the 21st of September, 1837, and on the 
 11th of October, 1842. By the terms of the latter treaty, they held possession 
 of the " New Purchase " till the Autumn of 1845, when the most of them 
 were removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed in the 
 Spring of 1846. 
 
 1. Treaty with the Sioux — Made July 19, 181.') ; ratified December 16, 181"). This treaty 
 was made at Portage des Sioux, between the Sioux of Minnesota and Upper Iowa and the United 
 States, by William Clark and Ninian Edwards, Commissioners, and was merely a treaty of peace 
 and friendship on the part of those Indians toward the United States at the close of the war of 
 1812. 
 
 2. Treaty ivith the Sacs. — A similar treaty of peace was made at Portage des Sioux, between 
 the United States and the Sacs, by William Clark, Ninian Edwards and Auguste Choteau, on the 
 loth of September, 1815, and ratified at the same date as the above. In tliis, the treaty of 1804 
 was re-affirmed, and the Sacs here represented promised for themselves and their bands to keep 
 entirely separate from the Sacs of Rock River, who, under Black Hawk, had joined the British 
 in the war just then closed. 
 
 3. Treaty with the Foxex. — A separate treaty of peace was made with the Foxes at Portage 
 des Sioux, by the same Commissioners, on the 14th of September, 1815, and ratified the same as 
 the above, wherein the Foxes re-affirmed the treaty of St. Louis, of November o, 1804, and 
 agreed to deliver up all their prisoners to the officer in command at Fort Clark, now Peoria, 
 Illinois. 
 
 4. Treaty with the lowas. — A treaty of peace and mutual good will was made between the 
 United States and the Iowa tribe of Indians, at Portage des Sioux, by the same Commissioners 
 as above, on the 16th of September, 1815, at the close of the war with Great Britain, and ratified 
 at the same date as the others. 
 
 5. Treaty with the Sacs of Rock River — Made at St. Louis on the 13th of May, 1816, between 
 the United States and the Sacs of Rock River, by the Commissioners, William Clark, Ninian 
 Edwards and Auguste Choteau, and ratified December 30, 1816. In this treaty, that of 1804 
 was reestablished and confirmed by twenty-two chiefs and head men of the Sacs of Rock River, 
 and Black Hawk himself attached to it his signature, or, as he said, " touched the goose quill." 
 
 6. Treaty of 1S2A — On the 4th of August, 1824, a treaty was made between the United 
 States and the Sacs and Foxes, in the city of W.ashington, by AVilliam Clark, Commissioner, 
 wherein the Sac and Fox nation relinquished their title to all lands in INIissouri and that portion 
 of the southeast corner of Iowa known as the " Half-Breed Tract" was set off and reserved for 
 the use of the half-breeds of the Sacs and Foxes, they holding title in the same manner as In- 
 dians. Ratified January 18, 1825. 
 
 7. Treaty of August 19, 1S25. — At this date a treaty was made by William Clark and Lewis 
 Cass, at Prairie du Chien, between the United States and the Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Me- 
 nomonees, Winnebagoes and a portion of the Ottawas and Pottawatomies. In this treaty, in 
 order to make peace between the contending tribes as to the limits of their respective hunting 
 grounds in Iowa, it was agreed that the United States Government should run a boundary line 
 between the Sioux, on the north, and the Sacs and Foxes, on the south, as follows : 
 
 Commencing at tlie mouth of the Upper Iowa River, on the west bank of the Mississippi, 
 and ascending said Iowa River to its west fork ; thence up the fork to its source ; thence cross- 
 ing the fork of Red Cedar River in a direct line to the second or upper fork of the Des Moines 
 River ; thence in a direct line to the lower fork of the Calumet River, and down that river to its 
 junction with the Missouri River. 
 
 8. Treaty of ISSO.—On the 15th of July, 1830, the confederate tribes of the Sacs and Foxes 
 ceded to the United States a strip of country lying south of the above line, twenty miles in width, 
 and extending along the line aforesaid from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. The Sioux 
 also, whose possessions were north of the line, ceded to the Government, in the same treaty, a 
 like strip on the north side of the boundary. Thus the United States, at the ratification of this 
 treaty, February 24, 1831, came into possession of a portion of Iowa forty miles wide, extend- 
 ing along the Clark and Cass line of 1825, from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. Thif 
 territory was known as the " Neutral Ground," and the tribes on either side of the line were 
 allowed to fish and hunt on it unmolested till it was made a Winnebago reservation, and the 
 Winnebagoes were removed to it in 1841. 
 
 9. Treaty wiih the Sacs and Foxes and other Tribes. — At the same time of the above treaty re- 
 specting the " Neutral Ground" (July 15, 1830), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux, Omahas, 
 lowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a portion of the western slope of Iowa, the boun- 
 daries of which were defined as follows : Beginning at the upper fork of the Des Moines River, 
 and passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd Rivers, to the fork of the first creek that 
 falls into the Big Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side ; thence down said creek and the Calumet 
 
162 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF DV.A. 
 
 River to the Missouri River; thence down said Missouri River to the Missouri State line above 
 the Kansas ; thence along said line to the northwest corner of said State ; thence to the high lands 
 between the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, passing to said high lands along 
 the dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand River ; thence along said high lands or ridge 
 separating the \vaters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a point opposite the source 
 of the IJoyer River, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of 
 beginning. 
 
 It was understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty were to be assigned 
 and allotted, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the tribes then living 
 thereon, or to such other tribes as the President might locate thereon for hunting and other pur- 
 poses. In consideration of three tracts of land ceded in this treaty, the United States agreed to 
 pay to the Sacs tliree thousand dollars; to the Foxes, three thousand dollars; to the Sioux, 
 two thousand dollars; to the Yankton and Santie bands of Sioux, three thousand dollars; to the 
 Oniahas, two thousand five hundred dollars; ami to the Ottoes and Missouris, two thousand five 
 hundred dollars — to be paid annually for ten successive years. In addition to these annuities, 
 the Government agreed to furnish some of the tribes with blacksmiths and agricultural imple- 
 ments to the amount of two hundred dollars, at the expense of the United States, and to set apart 
 three thousand dollars annually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does not 
 appear that any fort was erected in this territory prior to the erection of Fort Atkinson on the 
 Neutral Ground, in 1840-41. 
 
 This treaty was made by William Clark, Superintendent of Indian affairs, and Col. Willoughby 
 Morgan, of the United States First Infantry, and came into effect by proclamation, February 
 24, 1831. 
 
 10. Treat]/ with the Winnebagoes. — Made at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, September 15, 1832, 
 by Gen. Winfield Scott and Hon. John Reynolds, Governor of Illinois. In this treaty the Win- 
 nebagoes ceded to the United States all their land lying on the east side of the Mississippi, and 
 in part consideration therefor the United States granted to the Winnebagoes, to be held as other 
 Indian lands are held, that portion of Iowa known as the Neutral Ground. The exchange of the 
 two tracts of country was to take place on or before the 1st day of June, 1833. In addition to 
 the Neutral Ground, it was stipulated that the United States should give the Winnebagoes, begin- 
 ning in September, 1833, and continuing for twenty-seven successive years, ten thousand dollars 
 in specie, and establish a school among them, with a farm and garden, and provide other fsicili- 
 lies for the education of their children, not to exceed in cost three thousand dollars a year, and 
 to continue the same for twenty-seven successive years. Six agriculturists, twelve yoke of oxen 
 and plows and other farming tools were to be supplied by the Government. 
 
 11. Treaty of 1S3J with the Sacs and Foxes. — Already mentioned as the Black Hawk purchase. 
 
 12. Treaty of 1S3G, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk's Reserve to the United States; 
 for which the Government stipulated to pay thirty thousand dollars, and an annuity of ten thou- 
 sand dollars for ten successive years, together with other sums and debts of the Indians to 
 various parties. 
 
 13. Treaty of 1837.— On the 21st of October, 1837, a treaty was made at the city of Wash- 
 ington, between Carey A. Harris, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the confederate tribes of 
 Sacs and Foxes, ratitied February 21, 1838, wherein another slice of the soil of Iowa was obtained, 
 described in the treaty as follows: "A tract of country containing 1,250,000 acres, lying west 
 and adjoining the tract conveyed by them to the United States in the treaty of September 21, 
 1832. It is understood that the points of termination for the present cession shall be the north- 
 ern and southern points of said tract as fixed by the survey made under the authority of the 
 United States, and that a line shall be drawn between them so as to intersect a line extended 
 wcstwardly from the angle of said tract nearly opposite to Rock Island, as laid down in the above 
 survey, so far as may be necessary to include the number of acres hereby ceded, which last 
 mentioned line, it is estimated, will be about twenty-five miles." 
 
 This piece of land was twenty-five miles wide in the middle, and ran off to a point at both 
 ends, lying directly hack of the Black Hawk Purchase, and of the same length. 
 
 14 Treaty of Jidim/uishment. — At the same date as the above treaty, in the city of Washing- 
 ton, Carey A. Harris, Commissioner, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all their 
 rijrht and interest in the country lying south of the boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes 
 and Sioux, as described in the treaty of August I'.t, 1825, and between the Mississippi and Mis- 
 souri Rivers, the United States paying for the same one hundred and sixty thousand dollars. 
 The Indians also gave up all claims and interests under the treaties previously made with them, 
 for the satisfaction of which no appropriations had been made. 
 
 15. Tre<ity of 1842.— The last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes October 11, 1842 ; 
 ratified March 23, 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox agency (Agency City), by John 
 Chambers, Commissioner on behalf of the United States. In this treaty the Sac and Fox Indians 
 " ceded to the United States all their lands west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim 
 or title." By the terms ' f this treaty they were to be removed from the country at the expira- 
 tion of three years, and all who remained after that were to move at their own expense Part 
 ot them were removed to Kansas in the Fall of 1845, and the rest the Spring following- 
 
"'3^s-'->C'>.--'- "WT 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 163 
 
 SPANISH GRANTS. 
 
 While the territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was under Spanish 
 rule as a part of its province of Louisiana, certain claims to and grants of land 
 were made by the Spanish authorities, with which, in addition to the extinguishment 
 of Indian titles,- the United States had to deal. It is proper that these should 
 be briefly reviewed. 
 
 Dubuque. — On the 22d day of September, 1788, Julien Dubuque, a French- 
 man, from Prairie du Chien, obtained from the Foxes a cession or lease of lands 
 on the Mississippi River for mining purposes, on the site of the present city of 
 Dubuque. Lead had been discovered here eight years before, in 1780, by the 
 wife of Peosta Fox, a warrior, and Dubuque's claim embraced nearly all the lead 
 bearing lands in that vicinity. He immediately took possession of his claim and 
 commenced mining, at the same time making a settlement. The place »became 
 known as the "Spanish Miners," or, more commonly, "-Dubuque's Lead 
 Mines." 
 
 In 1796, Dubuque filed a petition with Baron de Carondelet, the Spanish 
 Governor of Louisiana, asking that the tract ceded to him by the Indians might 
 be granted to him by patent from the Spanish Government. In this petition, 
 Dubuque rather indefinitely set forth the boundaries of this claim as " about 
 seven leagues along the Mississippi River, and three leagues in width from the 
 river," intending to include, as is supposed, the river front between the Little 
 Maquoketa and the Tete des Mertz Rivers, embracing more than twenty thou- 
 sand acres. Carondelet granted the prayer of the petition, and the grant was 
 subsequently confirmed by the Board of Land Commissioners of Louisiana. 
 
 In October, 1804, Dubuque transferred the larger part of his claim to 
 Auguste Choteau, of St. Louis, and on the 17th of May, 1805, he and Choteau 
 jointly filed their claims Avith the Board of Commissioners. On the 20th of- 
 September, 1806, the Board decided in their favor, pronouncing the claim to be 
 a regular Spanish grant, made and completed prior to the 1st day of October, 
 1800, only one member, J. B. C. Lucas, dissenting. 
 
 Dubuque died March 24, 1810. The Indians, understanding that the claim 
 of Dubuque under their former act of cession Avas only a permit to occupy the 
 tract and work the mines during his life, and that at his death they reverted to 
 them, took possession and continued mining operations, and were sustained by 
 the military authority of the United States, notwithstanding the decision of the 
 Commissioners. Wlien the Black Hawk purchase was consummated, the Du- 
 buque claim thus held by the Indians was absorbed by the United States, as the 
 Sacs and Foxes made no reservation of it in the treaty of 1832. 
 
 The heirs of Choteau, however, were not disposed to relinquish their claim 
 without a struggle. Late in 1832, they employed an agent to look after their 
 interests, and authorized him to lease the right to dig lead on the lands. The 
 miners who commenced Avork under this agent Avere compelled by the military to 
 abandon their operations, and one of the claimants Avent to Galena to institute 
 legal proceedings, but found no court of competent jurisdiction, although he did 
 bring an action for the recovery of a quantity of lead dug at Dubuque, for the 
 purpose of testing the title. Being unable to identify the lead, hoAvever, he Avas 
 non-suited. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved July 2, 1836, the toAvn of Dubuque Avas sur- 
 veyed and platted. After lots had been sold and occupied by tlie purchasers, 
 Henry Choteau brought an action of ejectment against Patrick Malony, Avho 
 
1(34 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 held land in Dubuque under a patent from the United States, for the recovery 
 of seven undivided eighth parts of the Dubuque claim, as purchased by Auguste 
 Choteau in 1804. The case uas tried in the District Court of the United States 
 for the District of Iowa, and was decided adversely to the plaintiff. The case was 
 carried to the Supreme Court of the United States on a Avrit of error, when it 
 was heard at the December term, 1853, and the decision of the lower court was 
 affirmed, the court holding that the permit from Cai'ondolet was merely a lease 
 or permit to work the mines ; that Dubuque asked, and the Governor of Louisiana 
 granted, nothing more than the "peaceable possession " of certain lands obtained 
 from the Indians ; that Carondelet had no legal authority to make snch a grant 
 as claimed, and that, even if he had, this was but an " inchoate and imperfect 
 title." 
 
 Qiard. — In 1795, the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Louisiana granted to 
 Basil Giard five thousand eight hundred and sixty acres of land, in what is now 
 Clavton County, known as the "Giard Tract." He occupied the land during 
 the'time that Iowa passed from Spain to France, and from France to the United 
 States, in consideration of which the Federal Government granted a patent of 
 the same to Giard in his own right. His heirs sold the Avhole tract to James H, 
 Lockwoodand Thomas P. Burnett, of Prairie du Chien, for three hundred dollars. 
 
 Honori. — March 30, 1799, Zenon Trudeau, Acting Lieutenant Governor of 
 Upper Louisiana, granted to Louis Honori a tract of land on the site of the 
 present town of Montrose, as follows: " It is permitted to Mr. Louis (Fresson) 
 Henori, or Louis Honore Fesson, to establish himself at the head of the rapids 
 of the River Dos Moines, and his establishment once formed, notice of it shall be 
 given to the Governor General, in order to obtain for him a commission of a space 
 sufficient to give value to such establishment, and at the same time to render it 
 useful to the commerce of the peltries of this country, to watch the Indians and 
 keep them in the fidelity which they owe to His Majesty." 
 
 Honori took immediate possession of his claim, which he retained until 1805. 
 While trading with the natives, he became indebted to Joseph Robedoux, who 
 obtained an execution on which the property was sold May 13, 1803, and was 
 purchased by the creditor. In these proceedings the property Avas described as 
 being '' about six leagues above the River Des Moines." Robedoux died soon 
 after he purchased the proprerty. Auguste Choteau, his executor, disposed of 
 the Honori tract to Thomas F. Reddeck, in April, 1805, up to which time 
 Honori continued to occupy it. The grant, as made by the Spanish government, 
 was a league square, but only one mile square was confirmed by the United 
 States. After tlie half-breeds sold their lands, in which the Honori grant was 
 included, various claimants resorted to litigation in attempts to invalidate the 
 title of the Reddeck heirs, but it was finally confirmed by a decision of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States in 1839, and is the oldest legal title to any 
 land in the State of Iowa. 
 
 THE HALF-BREED TRACT. 
 
 Before any permanent settlement had been made in the Territory of Iowa, 
 white ailventurers, trapjjers and traders, many of whom were scattered along 
 the Mississippi and its tributaries, as agents and employes of the American Fur 
 Company, intermarried with the females of the Sac and Fox Indians, producing 
 a race of half-breeds, Avhose number Avas never definitely ascertained. There 
 were some respectable and excellent people among them, children of men of 
 some refinement and education. For instance : Dr. Muir, a gentleman educated 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 165 
 
 at Edinburgh, Scotland, a surgeon in the United States Army, stationed at a 
 military post located on the present site of Warsaw, married an Indian woman, 
 and reared his family of three daughters in the city of Keokuk. Other exam- 
 ples might be cited, but they are probably exceptions to the general rule, and 
 the race is now nearly or quite extinct in Iowa. 
 
 A treaty was made at Washington, August 4, 1824, between the Sacs and 
 Foxes and the United States, by which that portion of Lee County was reserved 
 to the half-breeds of those tribes, and which was after >vard known as '' The 
 Half-Breed Tract." This reservation is the triangular piece of land, containing 
 about 119,000 acres, lying between the Mississippi andDes Moines Rivers. It is 
 bounded on the north by the prolongation of the northern line of Missouri. 
 This line was intended to be a straight one, running due east, which would have 
 caused it to strike the IMississippi River at or below Montrose ; but the surveyor who 
 run it took no notice of the change in the variation of the needle as he proceeded 
 eastward, and, in consequence, the line he run was bent, deviating more and more 
 to the northAvard of a direct line as he approached the Mississippi, so that it 
 struck that river at the lower edge of the town of Fort Madison, " This errone- 
 ous line," says Judge Mason, "has been acquiesced in as well in fixing the 
 northern limit of the Half-Breed Tract as in determining the northern boundary 
 line of the State of Missouri," The line thus run included in the reservation 
 a portion of the lower part of the city of Fovt Madison, and all of the present 
 townships of Van Buren, Charleston, Jefferson, Des Moines, Montrose and 
 Jackson . 
 
 Under the treaty of 1824, the half-breeds had the right to occupy the soil, 
 but could not convey it, the reversion being reserved to the United States, But 
 on the 30th day of January, 1834, by act of Congress, this reversionary right 
 was relinquished, and the lialf-breeds acquired the lands in fee simple. This 
 was no sooner done, than a horde of speculators rushed in to buy land of the 
 half-breed owners, and, in many instances, a gun, a blanket, a pony or a few 
 quarts of whisky was sufficient for the purchase of large estates, Tliere was 
 a deal of sharp practice on both sides ; Indians would often claim ownership of 
 land by virtue of being lialf-breeds, and had no diificulty in proving their mixed 
 blood by the Indians, and they would then cheat the speculators by selling land 
 to which they had no rightful title. On the other hand, speculators often 
 claimed land in which they had no ownership. It was diamond cut diamond, 
 until at last things became badly mixed. There were no authorized surveys, 
 and no boundary lines to claims, and, as a natural result, numerous conflicts and 
 quarrels ensued. 
 
 To settle these difficulties, to decide the validity of claims or sell them for 
 the benefit of the real owners, by act of the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory, 
 approved January 16, 1838, Edward Johnstone, Thomas S. Wilson and David 
 Brigham were appointed Commissioners, and clothed with power to effect these 
 objects. The act provided that these Commissioners should be paid six dollars 
 a day each. The commission entered upon its duties and continued until the 
 next session of the Legislature, when the act creating it was repealed, invalidat- 
 ing all that had been done and depriving the Commissioners of their pay. The 
 repealing act, however, authorized the Commissioners to commence action against 
 the owners of the Half-Breed Tract, to receive pay for their services, in the Dis- 
 trict Court of Lee County. Two judgments were obtained, and on execution 
 the whole of the tract was sold to Hugh T. Reid, the Sheriff executing the 
 deed. Mr. Reid sold portions of it to various parties, but his own title Avas 
 questioned and he became involved in litigation. Decisions in favor of Reid 
 
166 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 and those liolding under him were made by both District and Supreme Courts, 
 but in December, 1850, these decisions were finally reversed by the Supreme 
 Court of the United States in the case of Joseph Webster, plaintiff in error, vs. 
 Hu<^h T. Reid, and the judgment titles failed. About nine years before the 
 "jmlgment titles " were finally abrogated as above, another class of titles were 
 broui^it into competition with them, and in the conflict between the two, the 
 final°decision was obtained. These were the titles based on the " decree of 
 partition " issued by the United States District Court for the Territory of Iowa, 
 on the 8th of May, 1841, and certified to by the Clerk on the 2d day of June of 
 that year. Edward Johnstone and Hugh T. Reid, then law partners at Fort 
 Madison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of the St. Louis claimants of 
 half-breed lands. Francis S. Key, author of the Star Spangled Banner, who 
 was then attorney for the New York Land Company, which held heavy interests 
 in these lands, took a leading part in the measure, and drew up the document in 
 which it was presented to tlie court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, pre- 
 sided. The plan of partition divided the tract into one hundred and one shares 
 and arranged that each claimant should draw his proportion by lot, and should 
 abide the result, whatever it might be. The arrangement was entered into, the 
 lots drawn, and the plat of the same filed in the Recorder's office, October 6, 
 1841. Upon this basis the titles to land in the Half-Breed Tract are now held. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 The first permanent settlement by the whites within the limits of Iowa was 
 made by Julien Dubuque, in 1788, when, Avith a small party of miners, he set- 
 tled on the site of the city that now bears his name, where he lived until his 
 death, in 1810. Louis Honori settled on the site of the present town of Mon- 
 trose, probably in 1799, and resided there until 1805, when his property passed 
 into other hands. Of the Giard settlement, opposite Prairie du Chien, little is 
 known, except that it was occupied by some parties prior to the commencement 
 of the present century, and contained three cabins in 1805. Indian traders, 
 although not strictly to be considered settlers, had established themselves at 
 various points at an early date. A Mr. Johnson, agent of the American Fur 
 Company, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on traffic with 
 the Indians some time before the United States possessed the country. In 
 1820, Le Moliese, a French trader, had a station at what is now Sandusky, six 
 miles above Keokuk, in Lee County. In 1829, Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a set- 
 tlement on the Lower Rapids, at what is now Nashville. 
 
 The first settlement in Lee County Avas made in 1820, by Dr. Samuel C. 
 Muir, a surgeon in the United States army, who had been stationed at Fort 
 Edwards, now Warsaw, III, and who built a cabin Avhere the city of Keokuk 
 now stands. Dr. Muir was a man of strict integrity and irreproachable char- 
 acter. While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, he had 
 married an Indian woman of the Fox nation. Of his marriage, the following 
 romantic account is given : 
 
 The post at which he was stationed was visited by a beautiful Indian maiden — whose native 
 name, unfortunately, has not been preserved — who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave un- 
 moor his canoe, paddle it across the river and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured, 
 according to the superstitious belief of lier race, that, in her dreams, she had seen her future 
 husband, and had come to the fort to find him. Meeting Dr. Muir, she instantly recognized 
 him as the hero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related to 
 him. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed with Sophia's beauty, innocence and devo- 
 tion, the doctor honorably married her; but after a while, the sneers and gibes of his brother 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 167 
 
 officers — less honorable than he, perhaps — made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and 
 when his regiment was ordered down the river, to Bellefontaine, it is said he embraced the 
 opportunity to rid himself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and little 
 dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her infant child, this in- 
 trepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and, after many days of weary labor and a 
 lonely journey of nine hundred miles, she, at last, reached him. She afterwai-d remarked, when 
 speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, " When I got there 
 I was all perished away — so thin ! " The doctor, touched by such unexampled devotion, took her 
 to his heart, and ever after, until his death, treated her with marked respect. She always pre- 
 sided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her native style of dress. In 
 1819-20, he was stationed at Fort Edward, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother 
 officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. 
 
 After building his cabin, as above stated, he leased his claim for a term of years to Otis 
 Reynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe, afterward Galena, where he 
 practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to 
 him four children — Louise (married at Keokuk, since dead), James, (drowned at Keokuk), Mary 
 and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera, in 1832, but left his property in such condition 
 that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and 
 penniless, became discouraged, and, with her children, disappeared, and, it is said, returned to 
 her people on the Upper Missouri. 
 
 Messrs. Reynolds k Culver, who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk, 
 subsequently employed as their agent Mr. Moses Stillwell, who arrived with 
 his family in 1828, and took possession of Muir's cabin. His brothers-in-law, 
 Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. 
 
 His daughter, Margaret Stillwell (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1831, 
 at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puch-a-she-tuck, where Keokuk 
 now stands. She was probably the first white American child born in Iowa. 
 
 In 1831, Mr. Johnson, Agent of the American Fur Company, who had a 
 station at the foot of the rapids, removed to another location, and, Dr. Muir 
 having returned from Galena, he and Isaac R. Campbell took the place and 
 buildings vacated by the Company and carried on trade with the Indians and 
 half-breeds. Campbell, who had first visited and traveled through the southern 
 part of Iowa, in 1821, was an enterprising settler, and besides trading with the 
 natives carried on a farm and kept a tavern. 
 
 Dr. Muir died of cholera in 1832. 
 
 In 1830, James L. and Lucius H. Langworthy, brothers and natives of 
 Vermont, visited the Territory for the purpose of working the lead mines at Du- 
 buque. They had been engaged in lead mining at Galena, Illinois, the former 
 from as early as 1824. The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object 
 of great interest to the miners about Galena, for they were known to be rich in 
 lead ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to work them was 
 therefore eminently desirable. 
 
 In 1829, James L. Langworthy resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. Cross- 
 ing the Mississippi at a point now known as Dunleith, in a canoe, and swim- 
 ming his horse by his side, he landed on the spot now known as Jones Street 
 Levee. Before him spread out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Du- 
 buque now stands. Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, was a vil- 
 lage of Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy proceeded, and was Avell re- 
 ceived by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine 
 in their hills, but this they refused. He, however, succeeded in gaining the con- 
 fidence of the chief to such an extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior 
 for three weeks and explore the country. He employed two young Indians as 
 guides, and traversed in different directions the whole region lying between the 
 Maquoketa and Turkey Rivers. He returned to the village, secured the good 
 will of the Indians, and, returning to Galena, formed plans fur future opera- 
 tions, to be executed as soon as circumstances would permit. 
 
168 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 In 1830, with his brother, Lucius H., and others, having obtained the con- 
 sent of the Indians, Mr. Langworthy crossed the Mississippi and commenced 
 mining in the vicinity around Dubuque. 
 
 At tliis time, tlie lands were not in the actual possession of the United States. 
 Although they had been purchased from France, the Indian title had not been 
 extinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State 
 or Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their 
 own law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of the case 
 demanded. The first act resembling civil legislation within the limits of the 
 present State of Iowa was done by the miners at this point, in June, 1830. They 
 met on the bank of the river, by the side of an old cottonwood drift log, at 
 what is now the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected a Committee, con- 
 sisting of J. L. Langworthy, II. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Samuel Scales, 
 and E. M. Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the mem- 
 bers of which gathered around that old cottonwood log, and agreed to and re- 
 ported the following, written by Mr. Langworthy, on a half sheet of coarse, un- 
 ruled paper, the old log being the writing desk : 
 
 We, a Committee having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws) by 
 which we as miners will be governed, and having duly considered the subject, do unanimously 
 agree tliat we will be governed by the regulations on the east side of the Mississippi River,* with 
 the following exceptions, to wit : 
 
 Ahticle I. That each and every man shall hold 200 yards square of ground by working 
 said ground one day in six. 
 
 Article II. We further agree that there shall be chosen, by the majority of the miners 
 present, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall grant letters of arbitration on appli- 
 cation having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the parties so 
 applying. 
 
 The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. Jarote, in 
 accordance with Article 2. Here, then, we have, in 1830, a primitive Legisla- 
 ture elected by the people, the law drafted by it being submitted to the people 
 for approval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first Governor within the 
 limits of the present State of Iowa. And it is to be said that the laws thus 
 enaoted were as promptly obeyed, and the acts of the executive officer thus 
 elected as duly respected, as any have been since. 
 
 The miners who had thus erected an independent government of their own 
 on the west side of the Mississippi River continued to work successfully for a 
 long time, and the ncAV settlement attracted considerable attention. But the 
 west side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Gov- 
 ernment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as well as to protect the 
 Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not only to stop 
 mining, but to remove from the Indian territory. They were simply intruders. 
 The execution of this order was entrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in com- 
 mand of the military post at Prairie dii Chien, who, early in July, sent an officer 
 to the miners with orders to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to 
 remove within ten days to the east side of the Mississippi, or they would be 
 driven off ^ by armed force. The miners, however, were reluctant about leaving 
 the rich "leads" they had already discovered and opened, and were not dis- 
 posed to obey the order to remove Vith any considerable degree of alacrity. In 
 due time. Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The 
 miners, anticipating their arrival, had, excepting thiee, recrossed the river, and 
 from the east bank saw the troops land on the western shore. The three who 
 had l ingered a little too long were, however, permitted to make their escape 
 
 * Established by the Siipcrintindent of V. S. Lead Mines at Fever River. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 169 
 
 unmolested. From this time, a military force was stationed at Dubuque to 
 prevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1832. The Indians returned, 
 and were encouaged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white 
 occupants. 
 
 In June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side to assist in the 
 annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the 
 west side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotia- 
 tions of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded to 
 the United States the tract known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," the set- 
 tlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned 
 and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared 
 large quantities of lead for market. Dubuque was becoming a noted place on 
 the river, but the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners 
 were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that 
 the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although 
 they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. Taylor was again 
 ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 1833, 
 troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. 
 This was a serious and perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the settlers. 
 They were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. It 
 must now be said, simply, that "red tape" should be respected. The purchase 
 had been made, the treaty ratified, or was sure to be ; the Indians had retired, 
 and, after the lapse of nearly fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this 
 rigorous action of the Government can be given. 
 
 But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. 
 Many of the settlers recrossed the river, and did not return ; a few, however, 
 removed to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, 
 in which to store their lead until Spring, when they could float the fruits of 
 their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty 
 "went into force, when they could return. Among these were James L. Lang- 
 worthy, and his brother Lucius, who had on hand about three hundred thousand 
 pounds of lead. 
 
 Lieut, Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Col. 
 Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons 
 and other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on 
 the part of a subordinate clothed with a little brief authority was sternly 
 rebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. George Wil- 
 son, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who were only 
 waiting for the time Avhen they could repossess their claims. 
 
 June 1, 1833, the treaty formally went into effect, the troops were withdrawn, 
 and the Langworthy brothers and a few otliers at once returned and resumed 
 possession of their home claims and mineral prospects, and from this time the 
 first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa must date. Mr. John P. 
 Sheldon was appointed Superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a 
 system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that 
 which had been in operation at Galena, since 1825, under Lieut. Martin Thomas 
 and Capt. Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the 
 miners assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830 was adopted and 
 enforced by the United States Government, except that miners were required to 
 sell their mineral to licensed smelters and the smelter was required to give bonds 
 for the payment of six per cent, of all lead manufactured to the Government. 
 This was the same rule adopted in the United States mines on Fever River in 
 
170 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOAVA. 
 
 Illinois, except that, until 1830, the Illinois miners M^ere compelled to pay 10 
 per cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much dissatisfaction among 
 the miners on the west side as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They 
 thought they had suffered hardships and privations enough in opening the way 
 for civilization, without being subjected to the imposition of an odious Govern- 
 ment tax upon their means of subsistence, when the Federal Government could 
 better aftbrd to aid than to extort from them. The measure soon became unpop- 
 ular. It was difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system was abolished 
 in about ten years. 
 
 During 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, about five hun- 
 dred ]ieople arrived at the mining district, about one hundred and fifty of them 
 from Galena. 
 
 In the same year, Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school house 
 in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the now populous and thriving 
 City of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he 
 first landed become the site of a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the small 
 school house which he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices, 
 wherein two thousand children were being trained, churches erected in every 
 part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness which he first explored 
 with all the eastern world. He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, 
 while on a trip over the Dubuque & Southwestern Eailroad, at Monticello, 
 and the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains. 
 
 Lucius 11. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most Avortliy, gifted and 
 mfluential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. He died, greatly lamented 
 by many friends, in June, 1865. 
 
 The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners at a meeting 
 held in 1834. 
 
 In 1832, Captain James White made a claim on the present site of Montrose. 
 In 1834, a military post was established at this point, and a garrison of cavalry 
 was stationed here, under the command of Col. Stephen W. Kearney. The 
 soldiers were removed from this post to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1837. 
 
 During the same year, 1832, soon after the close of the Black Hawk War, 
 Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, 
 Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort 
 Madison. In 1833, these claims were purchased by John and Nathaniel 
 Knapp, upon which, in 1835, they laid out the town. The next Summer, lots 
 were sold. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United 
 States Government. 
 
 At the close of the Black Hawk War, parties who had been impatiently 
 looking across upon "Flint Hills," now Burlington, came over from Illinois 
 and made claims The first was Samuel S. White, in the Fall of 1832, who 
 erected a cabin on the site of the city of Burlington. About the same time, 
 David Tothero made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the 
 river, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. In the Winter of 
 that year, they were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders 
 upon the rights of the Indians, and White's cabin was burnt by the soldiers. 
 He retired to Illinois, where he spent the Winter, and in the Summer, as soon 
 as the Indian title was extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White 
 was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the original town 
 of Burlington in 1834. 
 
 All along the river borders of the Black Hawk Purchase settlers were flocking 
 into Iowa. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in Septem- 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 171 
 
 ber, 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the spot where the 
 thriving city of Davenport now stands. As early as 1827, Col. Davenport had 
 established a flatboat ferry, -which ran between the island and the main shore of 
 Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi. 
 In 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved across from Illinois, and laid the 
 foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual 
 settlement within the limits of that county. Among other early settlers in this 
 part of the Territory were Adrian H. Davenport, Col. John Sullivan, Mulli- 
 gan and Franklin Easly, Capt. John Coleman, J. M. Camp, William White, 
 H. W. Higgins, Cornelius Harrold, Richard Harrison, E. H. Shepherd and 
 Dr. E. S. Barrows. 
 
 The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. George Daven- 
 port, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gordon, Philip Hambough, Alexan- 
 der W. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Capt. James May and others. Of Antoine 
 LeClaire, as the representative of the two races of men who at this time occu- 
 pied Iowa, Hon. C. C. Nourse, in his admirable Centennial Address, says : 
 " Antoine LeClaire was born at St. Joseph, Michigan, in 1797. His father 
 was French, his mother a granddaughter of a Pottowatomie chief. In 1818, 
 he acted as official interpreter to Col. Davenport, at Fort Armstrong (now Rock 
 Island). He was well acquainted with a dozen Indian dialects, and was a man 
 of strict integrity and great energy. In 1820, he married the granddaughter 
 of a Sac chief. The Sac and Fox Indians reserved for him and his wife two 
 sections of land in the treaty of 1833, one at the town of LeClaire and one at 
 Davenport. The Pottawatomies, in the treaty at Prairie du Chien, also 
 reserved for him two sections of land, at the present site of Moline, 111. He 
 received the appointment of Postmaster and Justice of the Peace in the Black 
 Hawk Purchase, at an early day. In 1833, he bought for $100 a claim on the 
 land upon which the original town of Davenport was surveyed and platted in 
 1836. In 1836, LeClaire built the hotel, known since, with its valuable addi- 
 tion, as the LeClaire House. He died September 25, 1861." 
 
 In Clayton County, the first settlement was made in the Spring of 1832, 
 on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further 
 settlement was made in this part of the State till the beginning of 1836. 
 
 In that portion now known as Muscatine County, settlements were made in 
 1834, by Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kasey, who were the first 
 settlers. E. E. Fay, William St. John, N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jona Petti- 
 bone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whiting, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. 
 Abernethy and Alexis Smith were early settlers of Muscatine. 
 
 During the Summer of 1835, William Bennett and his family, from Galena, 
 built the first cabin within the present limits of Delaware County, in some 
 timber since known as Eads' Grove. 
 
 The first post office in loVa was established at Dubuque in 1833. Milo H. 
 Prentice was appointed Postmaster. 
 
 The first Justice of the Peace was Antoine Le Claire, appointed in 1833, as 
 "a very suitable person to adjust the difficulties between the white settlers and 
 the Indians vStill remaining there." 
 
 The first jNIethodist Society in the Territory was formed at Dubuque on 
 the 18th of May, 1834, and the first class meeting was held June 1st of that 
 year. 
 
 The first church bell brought into Iowa was in March, 1834. 
 
 The first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in the Territory w^as celebrated 
 at Dubuque, in the house of Patrick Quigley, in the Fall of 1833. 
 
172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Tlie first school liouse in the Territory was erected by the Dubuque miners 
 
 in 1833. 1 • 1 o 
 
 The first Sabbath school was organized at Dubuque early m the bummer 
 
 of 183-t. 
 
 The first woman who came to this part of the Territory with a view to per- 
 manent residence was Mrs. Noble F. Dean, in the Fall of 1832. 
 
 The first family that lived in this part of Iowa was that of Hosea T. Camp, 
 
 in 1832. 
 
 The first meeting house was built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, at 
 
 Dubuque, in 1834. 
 
 The first newspaper in Iowa was the Dubuque Visitor, issued May 11th, 1836. 
 John King, afterward Judge King, was editor, and William C. Jones, printer. 
 The pioneers of Iowa, as a class, were brave, hardy, intelligent and 
 enterprising people. 
 
 As early as 1824, a French trader named Hart had established a trading 
 post, and built a cabin on the bluffs above the large spring now known as 
 "Mvnster Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council Bluifs, and 
 had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of 
 the American Fur Company as Lacote de Hart, or " Hart's Bluff." In 1827, 
 an ao-ent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, encamped 
 in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broad- 
 wav. and afterward settled there. In 1839, a block house was built on the 
 bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part 
 of the State until 1846-7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to 
 Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers 
 in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the Mormons 
 under the lead of Brigham Young. These people on their way westward halted 
 for the Winter of 1846-7 on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five 
 miles above Omaha, at a place noAV called Florence. Some of them had 
 reached the eastern bank of the river the Spring before, in season to plant a 
 crop. In the Spring of 1847, Young and a portion of the colony pursued their 
 journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and 
 settled mainly within the limits of Pottawattamie County. The principal settle- 
 ment of this strange community was at a place first called "Miller's Hollow," 
 on Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanesville, in honor of Col. Kane, of 
 Pennsylvania, who visited them soon afterward. The Mormon settlement 
 extended over the county and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and 
 water furnislied desirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, was 
 installed as President of the Quorum of Twelve, and all that part of the State 
 remained under Moraion control for several years. In 1846, they raised a bat- 
 tali(»n, numbering some five hundred men, for the Mexican war. In 1848, Hyde 
 started a paper called the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after 
 many of the fliithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons 
 in this section of Iowa nuuibercd 6,552, and in 1850, 7,828, but they were not 
 all within the limits of Pottawattamie County. This county was organized in 
 I84s. all the first officials being Mormons. In 1852, the order was promulgated 
 that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked 
 in, and in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone. 
 
 May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of troops on 
 board the steamer lone, arrived at the present site of the capital of the State, 
 Des Moines. The lone was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River 
 to this point. The troops and stores were landed at what is now the foot of 
 
HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 173 
 
 Court avenue, Des Moines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort 
 Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time 
 they, too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its 
 confluence with the Des Moines, and named Fort Des Moines. Soon after the 
 arrival of the troops, a trading post was established on the east side of the river, 
 by two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. 
 
 Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin Bryant, J. B. 
 Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander 
 Turner, Peter Newcomer, and others. 
 
 The Western States have been settled by many of the best and most enter- 
 prising men of the older States, and a large immigration of the best blood of 
 the Old World, who, removing to an arena of larger opportunities, in a more 
 fertile soil and congenial clima'te, have developed a spirit and an energy 
 peculiarly Western. In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds 
 been pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such independence 
 and freedom of competition. Among those who have pioneered the civiliza- 
 tion of the West, and been the founders of great States, none have ranked 
 higher in the scale of intelligence and moral Avorth than the pioneers of Iowa, 
 who came to the territory when it was an Indian country, and through hardship, 
 privation and suffering, laid the foundations of the populous and prosperous 
 commonwealth which to-day dispenses its blessings to a million and a quarter 
 of people. From her first settlement and from her first organization as a terri- 
 tory to the present day, Iowa has had able men to manage her affairs, wise 
 statesmen to shape her destiny and frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial 
 jurists to administer justice to her citizens ; her bar, pulpit and press have been 
 able and widely influential ; and in all the professions, arts, enterprises and 
 industries Avhich go to moke up a great and prosperous commonwealth, she has 
 taken and holds a front rank among: her sister States of the West. 
 
 TERRITORIAL HISTORY. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United 
 States was authorized to take possession of the territory included in the 
 Louisiana purchase, and provide for a temporary government. By another act 
 of the same session, approved March 26, 1804, the newly acquired country was 
 divided, October 1, 1804 into the Territory of Orleans, south of the thirty-third 
 parallel of north latitude, and the district of Louisiana, which latter was placed 
 under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory. 
 
 In 1805, the District of Louisiana was organized as a Territory with a gov- 
 ernment of its own. In 1807, Iowa was included in the Territory of Illinois, 
 and in 1812 in the Territory of Missouri. When Missouri was admitted as a 
 State, March 2, 1821, " Iowa," says Hon. C. C. Nourse, "was left a political 
 orphan," until by act of Congress, approved June 28, 1834, the Black Hawk 
 purchase having been made, all the territory west of the Mississippi and north 
 of the northern boundary of Missouri, was made a part of Michigan Territory. 
 Up to this time there had been no county or other organization in what is now 
 the State of Iowa, although one or two Justices of the Peace had been appointed 
 and a post office was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September, 1834, 
 however, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two counties on the 
 west side of the Mississippi River, viz. : Dubuque and Des Moines, separated 
 by a line drawn westward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were 
 
174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 partially organized. John King was appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque 
 County, and Isaac Lefiler, of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two 
 Associate Justices, in each county, Avere appointed by the Governor. 
 
 On the first Monday in October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citi- 
 zen of Dubuque, Avas elected a Delegate to Congress from this part of Michigan 
 Territory. On the ^Oth of April, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones, 
 Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into 
 operation, July 4, 1836, and Iowa was then included in 
 
 THE TERRITORY OF WISCONSIN, 
 
 of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. Horner, Secre- 
 tary of the Territory ; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice ; David Irwin and William 
 C. Frazer, Associate Justices. 
 
 September 9, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered the census of the new Territory 
 to be taken. This census resulted in showing a population of 10,531 in the 
 counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under the apportionment, these two 
 counties were entitled to six members of the Council and thirteen of the House 
 of Representatives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to be 
 held on the first Monday of October, 1836, on which day the following members 
 of the First Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin Avere elected from the tAvo 
 counties in the Black Hawk purchase : 
 
 Dubuque County. — Council: John Fally, Thomas McKnight, Thomas Mc- 
 Craney. House : Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlan, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick 
 Quigley, Ilosea T. Camp. 
 
 Des Moines County. — Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas, 
 Arthur B. Ingram. House: Isaac Lefiler, Thomas Blair, Warren L. Jenkins, 
 John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds, David R. Chance. 
 
 The first Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of Wiscon- 
 sin, on the 25th day of October, 1836, and was organized by electing Henry T. 
 Baird President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of 
 the House. It adjourned December 9, 1836. 
 
 The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 10, 1837. 
 Adjourned January 20, 1838. The third session was at Burlington ; com- 
 menced June 1st, and adjourned June 12, 1838. 
 
 Daring the first session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, in 1836, 
 the county of Des Moines was divided into Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Henry, 
 Muscatine and Cook (the latter being subsequently changed to Scott) and defined 
 their boundaries. During the second session, out of the territory embraced in 
 Dubu(iuo County, were created the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette, 
 Delaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Clinton and Cedar, and their boun- 
 daries defined, but the most of them were not organized until several years 
 afterward, under the authority of tlio Territorial Legislature of loAva. 
 
 The ((uestion of a separate territorial organization for loAva, which Avas then 
 a part of Wisconsin Territory, began to be agitated early in the Autumn of 
 1837. The Avishos of the people found expression in a convention held at Bur- 
 lington on the 1st of November, Avhich memorialized Congress to organize a 
 Territory Avest of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wis- 
 consin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then 
 in session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. George W. Jones, of 
 Dubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, in what is noAv Wisconsin, Avas 
 Delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, and labored so earnestly and 
 successfully, that " An act to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to estab- 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 175 
 
 lish the Territorial Government of Iowa," was approved June 12, 1838, to take 
 effect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new Territory embraced 
 " all that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin which lies west of the Mis- 
 sissippi River, and west of a line drawn due north from the head water or 
 sources of the Mississippi to the territorial line." The organic act provided 
 for a Governor, whose term of office should be three years, and for a Secretary, 
 Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal, who should 
 serve four years, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
 consent of the Senate. The act also provided for the election, by the white 
 male inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over twenty-one years of age, 
 of a House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-six members, and a Council, 
 to consist of thirteen members. It also appropriated $5,000 for a public library, 
 and §20,000 for the erection of public buildings. 
 
 President Van Buren appointed Ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be 
 the first Governor of the new Territory. William B. Conway, of Pittsburgh, 
 was appointed Secretary of the Territory ; Charles Mason, of Burlington, 
 Chief Justice, and Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of 
 Pennsylvania, Associate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts ; Mr. Van 
 Allen, of New York, Attorney; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal; Au- 
 gustus C. Dodge, Register of the Laad Office at Burlington, and Thomas Mc- 
 Knight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the District 
 Attorney, died at Rockingham, soon after his appointment, and Col. Charles 
 Weston was appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also 
 died at Burlington, during the second session of the Legislature, and James 
 Clarke, editor of the Gazette, was appointed to succeed him. 
 
 Immediately after his arrival, Governor Lucas issued a proclamation for the 
 election of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the 10th 
 of September, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and 
 appointing the 12th day of November for meeting of the Legislature to be 
 elected, at Burlington. 
 
 The first Territorial Legislature was elected in September and assembled at 
 Burlington on the 12th of November, and consisted of the following members : 
 
 Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, 
 Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M. 
 Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stephen 
 Hempstead. 
 
 House. — William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, James 
 Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, 
 George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler,* 
 William G. Coop, William H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, 
 William L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel 
 Summers, t Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas 
 Cox and Hardin Nowlin. 
 
 Notwithstanding a large majority of the members of both branches of the 
 Legislature were Democrats, yet Gen. Jesse B. Browne (Whig), of Lee County, 
 was elected President of the Council, and Hon. William H. Wallace (Whig), of 
 Henry County, Speaker of the House of Representatives — the former unani- 
 mously and the latter with but little opposition. At that time, national politics 
 
 * Cyrus S. Jacobs, who was elpcted for Pes Moines County, was killed in an unfortunate encounter at Burlington 
 before the meeting of the Legislature, and Mr. Beeler was elected to fill the vacancy. 
 
 f Samuel K. Murray was returned as elected from Clinton County, but his seat was successfully contested by 
 Burchard. 
 
176 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 -wore little heeiled by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the 
 Presidential campaign, party lines were strongly drawn. 
 
 At the election in September, 1838, for members of the Legislature, a Con- 
 gressional Delegate was also elected. There were four candidates, viz. : William 
 W. Cha])man and David Rohrer, of Des Moines County ; B. F. Wallace, of 
 Henry County, and P. 11. Engle, of Dubuque County. Chapman was elected, 
 receiving a majority of thirty-six over Engle. 
 
 The first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and excit- 
 ing one. By the organic law, the Governor was clothed with almost unlimited 
 veto power. Governor Lucas seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the 
 independent Hawkeyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and absolute rule, 
 and the result was an unpleasant controversy between the Executive and Legis- 
 lative departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 3, 1839, 
 amended the organic law by restricting the veto power of the Governor to the 
 two-thirds rule, and took from him the power to appoint Sheriffs and Magistrates. 
 
 Among the first important matters demanding attention was the location of 
 the seat of goverrnnent and provision for the erection of public buildings, for 
 which Congress had appropriated ^20,000. Governor Lucas, in his message, 
 had recommended the appointment of Commissioners, with a view to making a 
 central location. The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or 
 thought of Only on a strip of land fifty miles wide, bordering on the Missis- 
 sippi Kiver, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central location meant some 
 central point in the Black Hawk Purchase. The friends of a central location 
 supported the Governor's suggestion. The southern members were divided 
 between Burlington and Mount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the 
 proper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties 
 were very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excitement prevailed. The 
 central party at last triumphed, and on the 21st day of January, 1839, an act 
 was passed, appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque County; John Ronalds, 
 of Louisa County, and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, Commissioners, 
 to select a site for a permanent seat of Government within the limits of John- 
 son County. 
 
 Johnson County had been created by act of the Territorial Legislature of 
 Wisconsin, approved December 21, 1837, and organized by act passed at the 
 special session at Burlington in June, 1838, the organization to date from July 
 4th, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa River, a few miles below the future 
 Iowa City, was designated as the county seat, temporarily. 
 
 Tiien there existed good reason for locating the capital in the county. The 
 Territory of Iowa was bounded on the north by the British Possessions ; east, by 
 the Mississippi River to its source; thence by a line drawn due north to the 
 northern boundary of the Uruted States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west, 
 by the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. But this immense territory was in un- 
 disputed possession of the Indians, except a strip on the Mississippi, known as 
 the Bhick Hawk Purchase. Johnson County was, from north to south, in the 
 geographical center of this purchase, and as near the east and west geographical 
 center of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line 
 between the lands of the United States and the Indians, established by the 
 treaty of October 21, 1837, was immediately west of the countv limits. 
 
 Tlie Conuuissioners, after selecting the site, were directed "to lay out 640 
 acres into a town, to be called Iowa City, and to proceed to sell lots and erect 
 public buildings thereon, Congress having granted a section of land to be 
 selected by the Territory for this purpose. The Commissioners met at Napo- 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 177 
 
 leon, Johnson County, May 1, 1839, selected for a site Section 10, in Town- 
 shijj 79 North of Range 6 West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and immedi- 
 ately surveyed it and laid off tlie town. The first sale of lots took place August 
 16, 1839. The site selected for the public buildings was a little west of the 
 geographical center of the section, where a square of ten acres on the elevated 
 grounds overlooking the river was reserved for the purpose. The capitol is 
 located in the center of this square. The second Territorial Legislature, Avhicli 
 assembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring the Commissioners to 
 adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost when complete should 
 not exceed $51,000, and if they luid already adopted a plan involving a greater 
 expenditure they were directed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed 
 and drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, 111., and on the 4th day of July, 
 1840, the corner stone of the edifice Avas laid with appropriate ceremonies. 
 Samuel C. Trowbridge was Marshal of the day, and Gov. Lucas delivered the 
 address on that occasion. 
 
 When the Legislature assembled at Burlington in special session, July 13, 
 1840, Gov. Lucas announced that on the 4th of that month he had visited Iowa 
 City, and found the basement of the capitol nearly completed. A bill author- 
 izing a loan of $20,000 for the building was passed, January 15, 1841, tlie 
 unsold lots of Iowa City being the security offered, but only $5,500 was 
 obtained under the act. 
 
 THE BOUNDARY QUESTION. 
 
 The boundary line between the Territory of Iowa and the State of Missouri 
 was a difficult question to settle in 1838, in consequence of claims arising from 
 taxes and titles, and at one time civil war was imminent. In defining the 
 boundaries of the counties bordering on Missouri, the Iowa authorities had fixed 
 a line that has since been established as the boundary between Iowa and JNIis- 
 souri. The Constitution of Missouri defined her northern boundary to be the 
 parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the Des Moines River, 
 The lower rapids of the Mississippi immediately above the mouth of the Des 
 Moines River had always been known as the Des Moines Rapids, or "the 
 rapids of the Des Moines River." The Missourians (evidently not well versed 
 in history or geography) insisted on running the northern boundary line from 
 the rapids in the Des Moines River, just below Keosaucjua, thus taking from 
 Iowa a strip of territory eight or ten miles wide. Assuming this as her 
 northern boundary line, Missouri attempted to exercise jurisdiction over tlie 
 disputed territory by assessing taxes, and sending her Sheriffs to collect them by 
 distraining the personal property of the settlers. The lowans, however, were 
 not disposed to submit, and the Missouri officials were arrested by the Sheriffs 
 of Davis and Van Buren Counties and confined in jail. Gov. Boggs, of 
 Missouri, called out his militia to enforce the claim and sustain the officers of 
 Missouri. Gov. Lucas called out the militia of Iowa, and both pai'ties made 
 active preparations for war.' In Iowa, about 1,200 men were enlisted, and 
 500 were actually armed and encamped in A' an Buren County, ready to defend 
 the integrity of the Territory. Subsequently, Gen. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington. 
 Gen. Churchman, of Dubuque, and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, were sent to 
 Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment 
 of the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the County Commissioners 
 of Clarke County , Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, 
 and that Gov. Boggs had despatched messengers to the Governor of Iowa proposing 
 
178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 to submit an agreed case to the Supreme Court of the United States for the 
 final settlement of the boundary question. This proposition was declined, but 
 nfterAvard Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy, Avhich Avas insti- 
 tuted, and Avhich resulted in a judgment for Iowa. Under this decision, 
 William G. Miner, of Missouri, and Henry B. Hendershott were appointed 
 Connnissioners to survey and establish the boundary. Mr. Nourse remarks 
 that " the expenses of the war on the part of Iowa were never paid, either by 
 the United States or the Territorial Government. The patriots who furnished 
 supplies to the troops had to bear the cost and charges of the struggle." 
 
 The first legislative assembly laid the broad foundation of civil equality, on 
 which has been constructed one of the most liberal governments in the Union. 
 Its first act was to recognize the equality of woman with man before the law by 
 providing that " no action commenced by a single woman, who intermarries 
 during the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such marriage." This prin- 
 ciple has been adopted by all subsequent legislation in Iowa, and to-day woman 
 has full and equal civil rights with man, except only the right of the ballot. 
 
 Religious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty strictly guarded, 
 the rights and privileges of citizenship extended to all white persons, and the 
 purity of elections secured by heavy penalties against bribery and corruption. 
 The judiciary power was vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Probate 
 Court, and Justices of the Peace. Real estate was made divisible by will, and 
 intestate property divided equitably among heirs. Murder was made punishable 
 by death, and proportionate penalties fixed for lesser crimes. A system of free 
 schools, open for every class of white citizens, W'as established. Provision was 
 made for a system of roads and highways. Thus under the territorial organi- 
 zation, the country began to emerge from a savage wilderness, and take on the 
 forms of civil government. 
 
 By act of Congress of June 12, 1838, the lands which had been purchased 
 of the Indians were brought into market, and hind offices opened in Dubuque 
 and Burlington. Congress provided for military roads and bridges, which 
 greatly aided the settlers, who Avere noAV coming in by thousands, to make their 
 homes on the fertile prairies of Iowa — " the Beautiful Land." The fame of the 
 country had spread far and wide; even before the Indian title was extinguished, 
 many were crowding the borders, impatient to cross over and stake out their 
 claims on the choicest spots they could find in the new Territory. As 
 soon as the country was open for settlement, the borders, the Black Hawk 
 Purchase, all along the Mississipi, and up the principal rivers and streams, and 
 out over the broad and rolling prairies, began to be thronged with eager land 
 hunters and immigrants, seeking homes in Iowa. It was a sight to delight the 
 eyes of all comers from every land — its noble streams^ beautiful and picturesque 
 hills and valleys, broad and fertile prairies extending as far as the eye could 
 reach, with a soil surpassing in richness anything which they had ever seen. It 
 is not to be wondered at that immigration into Iowa was rapid, and that within 
 less than a decade from the organization of the Territory, it contained a hundred 
 and fifty thousand people. 
 
 As rapidly as the Indian titles were extinguished and the original owners 
 removed, the resistless tide of emigration flowed westward. The folloAving extract 
 from Judge Nourse's Centennial Address shows how the immigrants gathered 
 on the Indian boundary, ready for the removal of the barrier : 
 
 In obedience to our progressive and aggressive spirit, the GoverntQent of the United States 
 made another treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, on the 11th day of Auo-ust 184^ for the 
 remaining portion of their land in Iowa. The treaty provided that the Indians 'should retain 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 17'J 
 
 possession of all the lands thus ceded until May 1, 1843, and should occupy that portion of the 
 ceded territory west of a line runnino; north and south through Redrock, until October 11, 1845. 
 These tribes, at this time, had their principal village at Ot-tum-wa-no, now called Otturawa. As 
 soon as it became known that the treaty had been concluded, there was a rush of immigration to 
 Iowa, and a great number of temporary settlements were made near the Indian boundary, wait- 
 ing for the 1st day of May. As the day approached, hundreds of families encamped along the 
 line, and their tents and wagons gave the scene the appearance of a military expedition. The 
 country beyond had been thoroughly explored, but the United States military authorities had 
 prevented any settlement or even the making out of claims by any monuments whatever. 
 
 To aid them in making out their claims when the hour should arrive, the settlers had placed 
 piles of dry wood on the rising ground, at convenient distances, and a short time before twelve 
 o'clock of the night of the oOih of April, these were lighted, and when the midnight hour arrived, 
 it was announced by the discharge of firearms. The night was dark, but this army of occupa- 
 tion pressed forward, torch in hand, with axe and hatchet, blazing lines with all manner of 
 curves and angles. When daylight c;ime and revealed the confusion of these wonderful surveys, 
 numerous disputes arose, settled generally by compromise, but sometimes by violence Between 
 midnight of the 30th of April and sundown of the 1st of May, over one thousand families had 
 eettled on their new purchase. 
 
 While this scene was transpiring, the retreating Indians were enacting one more impressive 
 and melancholy. The Winter of 1842-43 was one of unusual severity, and the Indian prophet, 
 who had disapproved of the treaty, attributed the severity of the Winter to the anger of the Great 
 Spirit, because they had sold their country. Many religious rites were performed to atone for 
 the crime. When the time fur leaving Ot-tum-wa-no arrived, a solemn silence pervaded the Indian 
 camp, and the faces of their stoutest men were bathed in tears; and when their cavalcade was 
 put in motion, toward the setting sun, there was a spontaneous outburst of frantic grief from the 
 entire procession. 
 
 The Indians remained the appointed time beyond the line running north and south through 
 Redrock. The government established a ti'ading post and military encampment at the Raccoon 
 Fork of the Des Moines River, then and for many years known as Fort Des Moines. Here the 
 red man lingered until the 11th of October, 1845, when the same scene that we have before 
 described was re-enacted, and the wave of immigration swept over the remainder of the " New 
 Purchase." The lands thus occupied and claimed by the settlers still belonged in fee to the Gen- 
 eral Government. The surveys were not completed until some time after the Indian title was 
 extinguished. After their survey, the lands were publicly proclaimed or advertised for sale at 
 public auction. Under the laws of the United States, a pre-emption or exclusive right to purchase 
 public lands could net be acquired until after the lands had thus been publicly offered and not 
 sold for want of bidders. Then, and not until then, an occupant making improvements in good 
 faith might acquire a right over others to enter the land at the minimum price of $1.25 per 
 acre. The "claim laws" were unknown to the United States statutes. They originated in the 
 " eternal fitness of things " and were enforced, probably, as belonging to that class of natural 
 rights not enumerated in the constitution, and not impaired or disparaged by its enumeration. 
 
 The settlers organized in every settlement prior to the public land sales, appointed officers, 
 and adopted their own rules and regulations. Each man's claim was duly ascertained and 
 recorded by the Secretary. It was the duty of all to attend the sales. The Secretary bid off the 
 lands of each settler at $1.25 per acre. The others were there, to see, first, that he did his duty 
 and bid in the land, and, secondly, to see that no one else bid. This, of course, sometimes led to 
 trouble, but it saved the excitement of competition, and gave a formality and degree of order 
 and regularity to the proceedings they would not otherwise have attained. As far as practicable, 
 the Territorial Legislature recognized the validity of these " claims " upon the public lands, and 
 in 1839 passed an act legalizing their sale and making their transfer a valid consideration to sup- 
 port a promise to pay for the same. (Acts of 1843, p. 456). The Supreme Territorial Court 
 held this law to be valid. (See Hill v. Smith, 1st Morris Rep. 70). The opinion not only con- 
 tains a decision of the question involved, but also contains much valuable erudition upon that 
 " spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty" which the Iowa settlers unquestionably inherited in a direct 
 line of descent from the said " Anglo-Saxons." But the early settler was not always able to pay 
 even this dollar and twenty-five cents per acre for his land. 
 
 Many of the settlers had nothing to begin with, save their hands, health and 
 courage and their family jewels, "the pledges of love," and the " consumers of 
 bread." It was not so easy to accumulate money in the early days of the State, 
 and the "beautiful prairies," the "noble streams," and all that sort of poetic 
 imagery, did not prevent the early settlers from becoming discouraged. 
 
 An old settler, in speaking of the privations and trials of those early days, 
 says : 
 
 Well do the "old settlers ' of Iowa remember the days from the first settlement to 1840. 
 Those were days of sadness and distress. The endearments of home in another land had been 
 
IgO HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 broken up- and all that was hallowed on earth, the home of childhood and the scenes of youth, 
 we severed': and we sat down by the gentle waters of our noble river, and often " hung our harps 
 on the willows.' 
 
 Another, from another part of the State, testifies : 
 
 There was no such thing as getting money for any kind of labor. I laid brick at $3.00 
 per thousand, and took my pay in anything I could eat or wear. I built the first Methodist 
 Chunh at Keokuk, 42xGO feet, of brick, for $600, and took my pay in a subscription paper, part 
 of which I never collected, and upon which I only received $50 00 in money. Wheat was hauled 
 100 miles from the interior, and sold for 37^ cents per bushel. 
 
 Another old settler, speaking of a later period, 1843, says : 
 
 Lnnd and everything had gone down in value to almost nominal prices. Corn and oats 
 could be bought for six or ten cents a bushel ; pork, $1.00 per hundred ; and the best horse a 
 man coidd raise sold lor ^.JO.OO Nearly all were in debt, and the Sheriff and Constable, with 
 legal processes, were common visitors at almost every man's door. These were indeed "the times 
 that tried men's souls." 
 
 "A few," says Mr. Nourse, "who were not equal to the trial, returned to 
 their old homes, but such as had the courage and faith to be the worthy founders 
 of a great State remained, to more than realize the fruition of their hopes, and 
 the reward of their self-denial." 
 
 On Monday, December 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met, at 
 the new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be used, and the 
 Legislature occupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that 
 purpose, during the session of 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of 
 Public Buildings (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Commis- 
 sioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the building at 
 ^83,330, and that rooms for the use of the Legislature could be completed for 
 ^15,600. 
 
 During 1842, the Superintendent commenced obtaining stone from a new 
 quarry, about ten miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the '' Old 
 Capitol Quarry," and contains, it is thought, an immense quantity of excellent 
 building stone. Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained, 
 and it was so far completed, that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legis- 
 lature assembled in the new capitol. At this session, the Superintendent esti- 
 mated that it would cost $39,143 to finish the building. This was nearly 
 ^G,0()0 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large 
 sum had been expended in the meantime. This rather discouraging discrep-. 
 ancy was accounted for by the fact that the officers in charge of the work were 
 constantly short of fimds. Except the congressional appropriation of $20,000 
 and the loan of $.j,;jOO, obtained from the Miners' Bank, of Dubuque, all the 
 funds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city 
 lots (which did not sell very rapidly), from certificates of indebtedness, and from 
 scrip, based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots 
 when they were sold. At one time, the Superintendent made a requisition for 
 bills of iron and glass, which could not be obtained nearer than St. Louis. To 
 meet this, the Agent sold some lots for a draft, payable at Pittsburgh, Pa., for 
 which he was compelled to pay twenty-five per cent, exchange. This di'aft, 
 amounting to $507, that officer reported to be more than one-half the cash 
 actually handled by him during the entire season, when the disbursements 
 amounted to very nearly $24,000. 
 
 With such uncertainty, it could not be expected that estimates could be very 
 accurate. With all these disadvantages, however, the work appears to have 
 been prudently prosecuted, and as rapidly as circumstances would permit. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 181 
 
 Iowa remained a Territory from 1838 to 1846, during which the oflBce of 
 Governor was held by Robert Lucas, John Chambers and James Clarke. 
 
 STATE ORGANIZATION. 
 
 By an act of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved February 12, 
 
 1844, the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for 
 the election of Delegates to a convention to be convened for that purpose was 
 submitted to the people, to be voted upon at their township elections in April 
 following. The vote was largely in ftlvor of the measure, and the Delegates 
 elected assembled in convention at Iowa City, on the 7th of October, 1844. 
 On the first day of November following, the convention completed its work and 
 adopted the first State Constitution. 
 
 The President of the convention, Hon. Shepherd Leffler, was instructed to 
 transmit a certified copy of this Constitution to the Delegate in Congress, to be 
 by him submitted to that body at the earliest practicable day. It was also pro- 
 vided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that 
 might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval 
 or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. 
 
 The boundaries of the State, as defined by this Constitution, were as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Beginning in the middle of the channel of the Mississippi River, opposite mouth of the 
 Des Moines River, thence up the said river Des Moines, in the middle of the main channel 
 thereof, to a point where it is intersected by the Old Indian Boundary line, or line run by John 
 C. Sullivan, in the year 1816 ; thence westwardly along said line to the '• old " northwest corner 
 of Missouri ; thence due west to the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River ; thence 
 up in the middle of the main channel of the river last mentioned to the mouth of the Sioux or 
 Calumet River ; thence in a direct line to the middle of the main channel of the St. Peters River, 
 where the Watonwan River — according to Nicollet's map — enters the same ; thence down the 
 middle of the main channel of said river to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi 
 River ; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning. 
 
 These boundaries were rejected by Congi'ess, but by act approved March 3, 
 
 1845, a State called Iowa was admitted into the Union, provided, the people 
 accepted the act, bounded as follows : 
 
 Beginning at the mouth of the Des Moines River, at the middle of the Mississippi, thence 
 by the middle of the channel of that river to a parallel of latitude passing through the mouth of 
 the Mankato or Blue Earth River; thence west, along said parallel of latitude, to a point where 
 it is intersected by a meridian line seventeen degrees and thirty minutes west of the meridian 
 of Washington City ; thence due south, to the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri; 
 thence eastwardly, following that boundary to the point at which the same intersects the Des 
 Moines River ; thence by the middle of the channel of that river to the place of beginning. 
 
 These boundaries, had they been accepted, would have placed the northern 
 boundary of the State about thirty miles north of its present location, and would 
 have deprived it of the Missouri slope and the boundary of that river. The 
 western boundary would have been near the west line of what is now Kossuth 
 County. But it Avas not so to be. In consequence of this radical and unwel- 
 come change in the boundaries, the people refused to accept the act of Congress 
 and rejected the Constitution at the election, held August 4, 1845, by a vote of 
 7,656 to 7,2.35. 
 
 A second Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City on the 4th day 
 of May, 1846, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution for the 
 new State with the present boundaries, was adopted and submitted to the people 
 for ratification on the 3d day of August following, when it was accepted ; 9,4il2 
 votes were cast "for the Constitution," and 9,036 "against the Constitution." 
 
182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Tlie Constitution avus approved by Congress, and by act of Congress approved 
 December 28, 1846, Iowa Avas admitted as a sovereign State in the American 
 Union. 
 
 Prior to this action of Congress, however, the people of the new State held 
 an election under the new Constitution on the 26th day of October, and elected 
 Oresel Briggs, Governor ; Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secretary of State ; Joseph T. 
 Fales, Auditor ; Morgan Reno, Treasurer ; and members of the Senate and 
 House of Representatives. 
 
 At this time there Avere twenty-seven organized counties in the State, with 
 a population of nearly 100,000, and the frontier settlements were rapidly pusli- 
 incr toward the Missouri River. The Mormons had already reached there. 
 
 The first General Assembly of the State of Iowa was composed of nineteen 
 Senators and forty Representatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30, 
 1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union. 
 
 At the first session of the State Legislature, the Treasurer of State reported 
 that the capitol building was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from 
 storms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete 
 it, at least sufficiently to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly 
 responded by appropriating $2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. 
 At the first session also arose the question of the re-location of the capital. The 
 western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa Cit}^ too far toward 
 the eastern and southern boundary of the State ; this was conceded. Congress 
 had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and 
 toward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location 
 of the seat of goveriniient, involving to some extent the location of the State 
 University, Avhich had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to a deal of 
 discussion and })arliamentary maneuvering, almost purely sectional in its character. 
 It ])rovided for the appointment of three Commissioners, who were authorized to 
 make a location as near the geographical center of the State as a healthy and 
 eligible site could be obtained ; to select the five sections of land donated by 
 Congress ; to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the 
 land so selected ; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed tAvo in each block. 
 Having done this, they Avere then required to suspend further operations, and 
 make a report of their proceedings to the Governor. The bill passed both 
 Houses by decisive votes, received the signature of the Governor, and became a 
 laAv. Soon after, by "An act to locate and establish a State University," 
 approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, 
 togetiier with the ten aci-es of land on which they were situated, Avere granted 
 for the use of the University, reserving their use, hoAvever, by the General 
 Assembly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by laAV. 
 
 The Commissioners fortlnvith entered upon their duties, and selected four 
 sections and two half sections in Jasper County. Tavo of these sections are in 
 what is noAv Des Moines ToAvnship, and the others in FairvicAv ToAvnship, in the 
 southern part of that county. These lands are situated between Prairie City 
 and Monroe, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, which runs diagonally 
 through tliem. Here a town was platted, called Monroe City, and a sale of 
 lots took place. Four hundred and fifteen lots Avere sold, at prices that were 
 not considered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments (one-fourth) 
 amounted to $1,7'J7.4:}, while tlie expenses of the sale and the claims of the 
 Commissioners for services amounted to $2,206.57. The Commissioners made 
 a report of their proceedings to the Governor, as required by laAv, but the loca- 
 tion was generally condemned. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 183 
 
 When the report of the Commissioners, showing this brilliant financial ope- 
 ration, had been read in the House of Representatives, at the next session, and 
 while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as 
 the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select Committee 
 of Five, with instructions to report " how much of said city of Monroe was under 
 water and how much was burned." The report was referred, without the 
 instructions, however, but Monroe City never became the seat of government. 
 By an act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been 
 made was repealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchas- 
 ers of lots being refunded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of govern- 
 ment at Iowa City, and precluded, for the time, the occupation of the building 
 and grounds by the University. 
 
 At the same session, $3,000 more were appropriated for completing the 
 State building at Iowa City. In 1852, the further sum of |5,000. and in 1854 
 $4,000 more were apppropriated for the same purpose, making the whole cost 
 $123,000, paid partly by the General Government and partly by the State, but 
 principally from the proceeds of the sale of lots in low^a City. 
 
 But the question of the permanent location of the seat of government was 
 not settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to 
 Bella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the 
 majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its 
 third reading. 
 
 At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the 
 removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and, on final vote, 
 was just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the effort was more 
 successful, and on the 15th day of January, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital 
 within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appoint- 
 ment of Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was selected 
 in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated 
 to the State by citizens and property-holders of Des Moines. An association of 
 citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at 
 a nominal rent. 
 
 The third Constitutional Convention to revise the Constitution of the State 
 assembled at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. The new Constitution framed by 
 this convention was submitted to the people at an election held August 3, 1857, 
 when it was approved and adopted by a vote of 40,311 " for " to 38,681 
 '' against," and on the 3d day of September following was declared by a procla- 
 mation of the Governor to be the supreme law of the State of Iowa. 
 
 Advised of the completion of the temporary State House at Des Moines, on 
 the 19th of October following. Governor Grimes issued another proclamation, 
 declaring the City of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. 
 
 The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and con- 
 tinued through the Fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude; there 
 was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually 
 disagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased the difficulties ; 
 and it was not until December, that the last of the effects — the safe of the State 
 Treasurer, loaded on two large " bob-sleds " — drawn by ten yoke of oxen was de- 
 posited in the new capital. It is not imprudent now to remark that, during this 
 passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, 
 the safes belonging to the several departmicnts contained large sums of money, 
 mostly individual funds, however. Thus, Iowa City ceased to be the capital of 
 the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three 
 
184 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Constitutional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the exchange, 
 the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the University, and, except the 
 rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under, the immedi- 
 ate and direct concrol of the Trustees of that institution. 
 
 Des Moines was now the permanent seat of government, made so by the 
 fundamental law of the State, and on the 11th day of January, 1858, the 
 seventh General Assembly convened at the new capital. The building used 
 for governmental purposes was purchased in 1864, It soon became inadequate 
 for tlie purposes for which it was designed, and it became apparent that a new, 
 lariie and permanent State House must be erected. In 1870, the General 
 Assembly ujade an appropriation and provided for the appointment of a Board 
 of Commissi' mors to commence the work. The board consisted of Gov. Samuel 
 Merrill, ex otlicio. President; Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluffs; James F. 
 Wilson, Fairfield; James Dawson, AVashington; Simon G. Stein, Muscatine ; 
 James 0. Crosby, Gainsville ; Charles Dudley, Agency City; John N. Dewey, 
 Des Moines; William L. Joy, Sioux City; Alexander R. Fulton, Des Moines, 
 Secretary. 
 
 The act of 1870 provided that the building should be constructed of the 
 best material and should be fire proof; to be heated and ventilated in the most 
 approved manner; should contain suitable legislative halls, rooms for State 
 officers, the judiciary, library, committees, archives and the collections of the 
 State Agricultural Society, and for all purpoees of State Government, and 
 should be erected on grounds held by the State for that purpose. The sum first 
 appropriated was $150,000 ; and the law provided that no contract sliould be 
 made, either for constructing or fuinishing the buildinii;, which should bind the 
 State for larger sums than those at the tiiiio appropriated. A design was drawn 
 and plans and specifications furnished by Cochrane & Piquenard, architects, 
 which were accepted by the board, and on the 23d of November, 1871, the cor- 
 ner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The estimated cost and present 
 value of the capitol is fixed at $2,000,000. 
 
 From 1858 to 1860, the Sioux became troublesome in the northwestern 
 part of the State. These warlike Indians made frequent plundering raids upon 
 the settlers, and murdered several families. In 1861, several companies of 
 militia were ordered to that portion of the State to hunt down and punish the 
 murderous thieves. No battles were fought, however, for the Indians fled 
 wln-n they ascertained that systematic and adequate measures had been adopted 
 to protect the settlers. 
 
 "The year 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. In 1851, the 
 Cliicago k Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the 
 Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In 1854, the corner stone of a railroad 
 bridge, that was to be the first to span the "Father of Waters," was laid with 
 appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enter- 
 prise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful 
 effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis 
 repented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitatin*' our example. 
 On the Ist day of January, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. 
 In the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Missis- 
 sippi—one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were 
 being extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four lines of railroad 
 had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, hav- 
 ing eastern connections. On the 15th of May, 1856, the Congress of the 
 United States passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the construction of 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. IS") 
 
 railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the 
 proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July 
 of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed 
 to complete these enterprises. The population of our State at this time had 
 increased to 500,000, Public attention had been called to the necessity of a 
 railroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and 
 center of the Republic, on the route of this great highway across the continent, 
 began to attract attention Cities and towns sprang up through the State as 
 if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed 
 in developing our vast coal measures and establishing manufactories among us, 
 or if it had been expended in improving our lands, and building houses and 
 barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the 
 spirit of speculation ruled the hour. 
 
 " In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of 
 the railroads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in 
 the interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad 
 companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount." Thus enormous 
 county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these municipalities 
 tried to avoid upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limit- 
 ation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these 
 bonds to be valid ; and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county 
 authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments. These debts are not all paid 
 even yet, but the worst is over and ultimately the burden will be entirely 
 removed 
 
 The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in Jan- 
 uary, 1871. The others were completed soon after. In 1854, there was not 
 a mile of railroad in the State. In 1874, twenty years after, there were o.7G5 
 miles in successful operation. 
 
 GROWTH AND PROGRESS. 
 
 When Wisconsin Territory was organized, in 1836, the entire population of 
 that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10.531. 
 The Territory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des INIoines, erected 
 by the Territory of Michigan, in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, the Territorial 
 Legislature of Wisconsin increased the number of counties to sixteen, and the 
 population had increased to 22,859. Since then, the counties have increased 
 to ninety-nine, and the population, in 1875, was 1,366,000. The following 
 table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa 
 Territory : 
 
 Tear. Population. | Year. Population. 
 
 1838 •... 22,589 | 1852 230,713 
 
 1840 43,115 ; 1854 826,013 
 
 1844 75,152 i 1856 519.055 
 
 1846 97,588 
 
 1847 116,651 
 
 1849 152,988 
 
 1850 191,982 
 
 1851 204,774 
 
 Year. Populntion. 
 
 1869 1,040,819 
 
 1870 1,191,727 
 
 1873 1,251,333 
 
 1875 1,366,000 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1859 638,775 
 
 1860 674,913 
 
 1863 701,732 
 
 1865 754,699 
 
 1867 902,040 
 
 The most populous county in the State is Dubuque. Not only in popula- 
 tion, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has 
 Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty years, its wild but 
 beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civ- 
 ilized commonwealth, embracing all tiie elements of progress which characterize 
 the older States. 
 
1,*^6 HISTORY OF THE STATH OF IOWA. 
 
 Thriving cities and towns dot its fiiir surface : an iron net-work of thou- 
 sands of miles of railroads is woven over its broad acres ; ten thousand school 
 houses, in which more than five hundred thousand children are being taught 
 tht' rudiments of education, testify to the culture and liberality of the people; 
 high schools, colleges and universities are generously endowed by the State; 
 manufactories spring up on all her water courses, and in most of her cities 
 and towns. 
 
 Whether measured from the date of her first settlement, her organization as 
 a Territory or admission as a State, Iowa has thus far shown a growth unsur- 
 passed, in a similar period, by any commonwealth on the face of the earth ; 
 and, with her vast extent of fertile soil, with her inexhaustible treasures of 
 mineral wealth, with a healthful, invigorating climate; an intelligent, liberty- 
 loving people; with equal, just and liberal laws, and her free schools, the 
 future of Iowa may be expected to surpass the most hopeful anticipations of her 
 present citizens. , 
 
 Looking upon Iowa as she is to-day — populous, prosperous and happy — it 
 is hard to realize the wonderful changes that have occurred since the first white 
 settlements were made within her borders. When the number of States was 
 only twenty-six, and their total population about twenty millions, our repub- 
 lican form of government was hardly more than an experiment, just fairly put 
 upon trial. The development of our agricultural resources and inexhaustible 
 mineral wealth had hardly commenced. Westward the "Star of Empire " 
 had scarcely started on its way. West of the great Mississippi was a mighty 
 empire, but almost unknown, and marked on the maps of the period as " The 
 Great American Desert." 
 
 Now, thirty-eight stars glitter on our national escutcheon, and forty-five 
 millions of people, who know their rights and dare maintain them, tread 
 American soil, and the grand sisterhood of States extends from the Gulf of 
 Mexico to the Canadian border, and from the rocky coast of the Atlantic to 
 the golden shores of the Pacific. 
 
 THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM. 
 
 Ames, Story County. 
 
 The Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm were established by an act 
 of the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. A Board of Trustees was 
 appointed, consisting of Governor R. P. Lowe, John D. Wright, William Duane 
 \yilson, ^L W. Robinson, Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. W. 
 F. Sherwin, Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Collin and E. G. Day ; 
 the Governors of the State and President of the College being ex officio mem- 
 bers. Subsequently the number of Trustees was reduced to five. The Board 
 mot in June, 1859, and received propositions for the location of the College and 
 Farm from Hardin, Polk, Story and Boone, Marshall, Jefterson and Tama 
 Counties. In July, tlie proposition of Story County and some of its citizens 
 and by the citizens of Boone County was accepted, and the farm and the site 
 for the buildings were located. In 1860-61, the farm-house and barn were 
 erected. In 1862, Congress granted to the State 240,000 acres of land for the 
 endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanical arts, and 105,000 acres 
 were located by Peter Melendy, Commissioner, in 1862-3. George W. Bassett 
 w;is appointed Land Agent for the institution. In 1864, the General Assem- 
 bly appropriated ^20,000 for the erection of the college building. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 187 
 
 In June of that year, the Building Committee, consisting of Suel Foster, 
 Peter Melendy and A. J. Bronson, proceeded to let the contract. John Browne, 
 of Des Moines, was employed as architect, and furnished the plans of the build- 
 ing, but was superseded in its construction by C. A. Dunham. The $20,000 
 appropriated by the General Assembly were expended in putting in the foun- 
 dations and making the brick for the structure. An additional appropriation 
 of $91,000 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868. 
 
 Tuition in this college is made by law forever free to pupils from the State 
 over sixteen years of age, who have been resident of the State six months pre- 
 vious to their admission. Each county in the State has a prior right of tuition 
 for three scholars from each county ; the remainder, equal to the capacity of the 
 college, are by the Trustees distributed among the counties in proportion to the 
 population, and subject to the above rule. All sale of ardent spirits, wine or 
 beer are prohibited by law within a distance of three miles from the college, 
 except for sacramental, mechanical or medical purposes. 
 
 The course of instruction in the Agricultural College embraces the following 
 branches: Natural Philosophy. Chemistry, Botany, Horticulture, Fruit Growing, 
 Forestry, Animal and Vegetable Anatomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Meteorology, 
 Entomology, Zoology, the Veterinary Art, Plane Mensuration, Leveling, Sur- 
 veying, Bookkeeping, and such Mechanical Arts as are directly connected 
 with agriculture ; also such other studies as the Trustees may from time to time 
 prescribe, not inconsistent with the purposes of the institution. 
 
 The funds arising from the lease and sale of lands and interest on invest- 
 ments are sufficient for the support of the institution. Several College Societies 
 are maintained among the students, who publish a monthly paper. There is 
 also an " out-law " called the " ATA^ Chapter Omega." 
 
 The Board of Trustees in 1877 was composed of C. W. Warden, Ottumwa, 
 Chairman ; Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City ; William B. Treadway, 
 Sioux City ; Buel Sherman, Fredericksburg, and Laurel Summers, Le Claire. 
 E. W. Starten, Secretary ; William D. Lucas, Treasurer. 
 
 Board of Instruction. — A. S. Welch, LL. D., President and Professor of 
 Psychology and Philosophy of Science ; Gen. J. L. Geddes, Professor of Mili- 
 tary Tactics and Engineering; W. H. Wynn, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of 
 English Literature; C. E. Bessey, M. S., Professor of Botany, Zoology, Ento- 
 mology ; A. Thompson, C. E., Mechanical Engineering and Superintendent of 
 Workshops; F. E. L. Beal, B. S., Civil Engineering; T. E. Pope, A. M., 
 Chemistry; M. Stalker, Agricultural and Veterinary Science; J. L. Budd, 
 Horticulture ; J. K. Macomber, Physics ; E. W. Stanton, Mathematics and 
 Political Economy ; Mrs. Margaret P. Stanton, Preceptress, Instructor in 
 French and Mathematics. 
 
 THE STATE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 Iowa City., Johnson County. 
 
 In the famous Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress before the Territory 
 of the United States extended beyond the Mississippi River, it was declared 
 that in all the territory northwest of the Ohio River, " Schools and the means 
 of education shall forever be encouraged." By act of Congress, approved July 
 20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized " to set apart and re- 
 serve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa, to 
 which the Indian title has been or may be extinguished, and not otherwise ap- 
 propriated, a quantity of land, not exceeding the entire townships, for the use 
 
18g HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 and support of a university within said Territorry when it becomes a State, and 
 for no other use or purpose whatever ; to be located in tracts of not less than an 
 entire section, corresponding with any of the large divisions into which the pub- 
 lic land aie authorized to be surveyed." 
 
 "William W. Dod-^e, of Scoti; County, was appointed by the Secretary of the 
 Treasury to make the selections. He selected Section 5 in Township 78, north 
 of Kaiige 3, east of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and then removed from the 
 Territory. No more lands were selected until 1846, when, at the request of the 
 Assembly, John M. Whitaker of Van Buren County, was appointed, who selected 
 the remainder of the grant except about 122 acres. 
 
 In the first Constitution, under which Iowa was admitted to the Union, the 
 people directed the disposition of the proceeds of this munificent grant in ac- 
 cordance with its terms, and instructed the General Assembly to provide, as soon 
 as may be, effectual means for the improvement and permanent security of the 
 funds of the university derived from the lands. 
 
 The first General Assembly, by act approved February 25, 1847, established 
 the " State University of Iowa " at Iowa City, then the capital of the State, 
 "with such other branches as public convenience may hereafter require." 
 The " public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land in which 
 they are situated," were granted for the use of said university, i^rovidcd, how- 
 ever, that the sessions of the Legislature and State offices should be held in the 
 capitol until otherwise provided by law. The control and management of the 
 University were committed to a board of fifteen Trustees, to be appointed by the 
 Legislature, five of whom were to be chosen bienially. The Superintendent 
 of Public Insti-uction was made President of this Board. Provisions were made 
 for the disposal of the two townships of land, and for the investment of the funds 
 arising therefrom. Tlie act further provides that the University shall never be 
 under the exclusive control of any religious denomination whatever," and as 
 soon as the revenue for the grant and donations amounts to ^2,000 a year, the 
 University should commence and continue the instruction, free of charge, of fifty 
 students annually. The General Assembly retained full supervision over the 
 University, its officers and the grants and donations made and to be made to it 
 by the State. 
 
 Section 5 of the act appointed James P. Carleton, H. D. Downey, Thomas 
 Snyder, Samuel McCrory, Curtis Bates, Silas Foster, E. C. Lyon, James H. 
 Gower, George G. Vincent, Wm. G. Woodward, Theoiore S. Parvin, George 
 Atchinson, S. G. Matson, H. W. Starr and Ansel Briggs, the first Board of 
 Trustees. 
 
 Tlie organization of the University at Iowa City was impracticable, how- 
 ever, so long as the seat of government was retained there. 
 
 In January, 1849, two branches of the University and three Normal 
 Schools were established. The branches were located — one at Fairfield, and 
 the other at Dubuque, and were placed upon an equal footing, in respect to 
 funds and all other matters, with the University established at Iowa City. 
 "This act," says Col. Benton, "created tltrce State Universities, with equal 
 rights and powers, instead of a 'University with such branches as public conven- 
 ience niai/ hereafter demand,' as provided by the Constitution." 
 
 Tlie Hoard of Directors of the Fairfiehl liranch consisted of Barnet Ris- 
 tine, Christian W. Slagle, Duniel Rider, Horace Gaylord, Bernhart Henn and 
 Samuel S. Bayard. At the first meeting of the Board, Mr. Henn was elected 
 President, Mr. Slagle Secretary, and Mr. Gaylord Treasurer. Twenty acres 
 of land were purchased, and "a building erected thereon, costing $2,;')00. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 189 
 
 This building was nearly destroyed by a hurricane, in 1850, but was rebuilt 
 more substantially, all by contributions of the citizens of Fairfield. This 
 branch never received any aid from the State or from the University Fund, 
 and by act approved January 24, 1853, at the request of the Board, the Gen- 
 eral Assembly terminated its relation to the State. 
 
 The branch at Dubuque was placed under the control of the Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction, and John King, Caleb H. Booth, James M. Emerson, 
 Michael J. Sullivan, Richard Benson and the Governor of the State as 
 Trustees. The Trustees never organized, and its existence was only nominal. 
 
 The Normal Schools were located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mount 
 Pleasant, respectively. Each was to be governed by a board of seven Trustees, to 
 be appointed by the Trustees of the University. Each was to receive ^500 annu- 
 ally from the income of the University Fund, upon condition that they should ed- 
 ucate eight common school teachers, free of charge for tuition, and that the citizens 
 should contribute an equal sum for the erection of the requisite buildings. 
 The several Boards of Trustees were appointed. At Andrew, the school was 
 organized Nov. 21, 1849; Samuel Ray, Principal; Miss J. S. Dorr, Assist- 
 ant. A building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was 
 never completed. At Oskaloosa, the Trustees organized in April, 1852. This 
 school was opened in the Court House, September 13, 1852, under the charge 
 of Prof G. M. Drake and wife. A two story brick building was completed in 
 1853, costing $2,473. The school at Mount Pleasant was never organized. 
 Neither of these schools received any aid from the University Fund, but in 
 1857 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 each for those at Oskaloosa and 
 Andrew, and repealed the law authorizing the payment of money to them from 
 the University Fund. From that time they made no further effort to 
 continue in operation. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held February 21, 1850, 
 the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi," established 
 at Davenport, was recognized as the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
 the State University of Iowa," expressly stipulating, however, that such recog- 
 nition should not render the University liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was 
 the Board to have any control over the property or management of the Medical 
 Association. Soon after, this College Avas removed to Keokuk, its second ses- 
 sion being opened there in November, 1850. In 1851, the General Assembly 
 confirmed the action of the Board, and by act approved January 22, 1855, 
 placed the Medical College under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of 
 tlie Universit3% and it continued in operation until this arrangement was termi- 
 nated by the new Constitution, September 3, 1857. 
 
 From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees Avas kept full by regular elec- 
 tions by the Legislature, and the Trustees held frequent meetings, but there was 
 no effectual organization of the University. In March, 1855, it was partially 
 ojiened for a terra of sixteen weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany, 
 N. Y., was elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The 
 University was again opened in September, 1855, and continued in operation 
 until June, 1856, under Professors Johnson, Welton, Van Valkenburg and 
 Guffin. 
 
 In the Spring of 1856, the capital of the State was located at Des Moines; 
 but there were no buildings there, and the capitol at Iowa City was not vacated 
 by the State until December, 1857. 
 
 In June, 1856, the faculty was re-organized, with some changes, and the 
 University was again opened on the third Wednesday of September, 1856. 
 
190 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 There were one hundred and twenty-four students— eighty-three males and 
 forty-one females— in attendance during the year 1856-7, and the first regular 
 catalogue Avas published. .o^r, , i i 
 
 At a special meeting of the Board, September 22, 185 <, the honorary de- 
 gree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on D. Franklin Wells. This was the 
 first degree conferred by the Board. 
 
 Article IX, Section 11, of the new State Constitution, which went into force 
 September 3, 1857, provided as follows : 
 
 The State T'niversity shall be estahlished at one place, without branches at any other place ; 
 and the University fund shall be applied to that institution, and no other. 
 
 Article XI, Section 8, provided that 
 
 The seat of Government is hereby permanently established, as nov? fixed by law, at the city 
 of Des Jloines, in the county of Polk ; and the State University at Iowa City, in the county of 
 Johnson. 
 
 The new Constitution created the Board of Education, consisting of the 
 Lieutenant Governor, who was ex ofiicio President, and one member to be elected 
 from each judicial district in the State. This Board was endowed with 
 " full power and authority to legislate and make all needful rules and regula- 
 tions in relation to common schools and other educational institutions," subject 
 to alteration, amendment or repeal by the General Assembly, Avhich was vested 
 with authority to abolish or re-organize the Board at any time after 1863. 
 
 In December, 1857, the old capitol building, now known as Central Hall of 
 the University, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, 
 and the property, with that exception, passed under the control of the Trustees, 
 and became the seat of the University. The old building had had hard usage, 
 and its arrangement was illy adapted for University purposes. Extensive repairs 
 and changes were necessary, but the Board was without funds for these pur- 
 poses. 
 
 The last meeting of the Board, under the old law, was held in January, 
 1858. At this meeting, a resolution was introduced, and seriously considered, 
 to exclude females from the University ; but it finally failed. 
 
 March 12, 1858, the first Legislature under the new Constitution enacted 
 a new law in relation to the University, but it was not materially different from 
 the former. March 11, 1858, the Legislature appropriated $3,000 for the re- 
 pair and modification of the old capitol building, and $10,000 for the erection 
 of a boarding house, now known as South Hall. 
 
 The Board of Trustees created by the new law met and duly organized 
 April 27, 1858, and determined to close the University until the income from its 
 fund should be adecjuate to meet the current expenses, and the buildings should 
 be ready for occupation. Until this term, the building known as the " ]\Iechan- 
 ics' Academy" had been used for the school. The Faculty, except the Chan- 
 cellor (Dean), was dismissed, and all further instruction suspended, from the close 
 of the term then in progress until September, 1859. At this meeting, a reso- 
 lution was adopted excluding females from the University after the close of the 
 existing term ; but this was afterward, in August, modified, so as to admit them 
 to the Normal Department. 
 
 At the meeting of the Board, August 4, 1858, the degree of Bachelor of 
 Science was conferred upon Dexter Edson Smith, being the first degree con- 
 ferred upon a student of the University. Diplomas weie awarded to the mem- 
 bers of the first graduating class of the Normal Department as follows: Levi 
 P. Aylworth, Cellina H. Aylworth, Elizabeth L. Humphrey, Annie A. Pinney 
 and Sylvia M. Thompson. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 101 
 
 An " Act for the Government and Regulation of the State University of 
 Iowa," approved December 25, 1858, was mainly a re-enactment of the law of 
 March 12, 1858, except that changes were made in the Board of Trustees, and 
 manner of their appointment. This law provided that both sexes were to be 
 admitted on equal terms to all departments of the institution, leaving the Board 
 no discretion in the matter. 
 
 The new Board met and organized, February 2, 1859, and decided to con- 
 tinue the Normal Department only to the end of the current term, and that it 
 was unwise to re-open the University at that time ; but at the annual meeting 
 of the Board, in June of the same year, it was resolved to continue the Normal 
 Department in operation ; and at a special meetmg, October 25, 1859, it was 
 decided to re-open the University in September, 1860. Mr. Dean had resigned 
 as Chancellor prior to this meeting, and Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D., was elected 
 President, at a salary of $2,000, and his term commenced June, 1860. 
 
 At the annual meeting, June 28, 1860, a full Faculty was appointed, and 
 the University re-opened, under this new organization, September 19, 1860 
 (third Wednesday) ; and at this date the actual existence of the University may 
 be said to commence. 
 
 August 19, 1862, Dr. Totten having resigned, Prof. Oliver M. Spencer 
 was elected President and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred 
 upon Judge Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk. 
 
 At the commencement, in June, 1863, Avas the first class of graduates in 
 the Collegiate Department. 
 
 The Board of Education was abolished March 19, 1864, and the office of 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction was restored ; the General Assembly 
 resumed control of the subject of education, and on March 21, an act was ap- 
 proved for the government of the University. It was substantially the same as 
 the former law, but provided that the Governor should be ex officio President of 
 the Board of Trustees. Until 1858, the Superintendent of Public Instruction 
 had been ex officio President. During the period of the Board of Education, 
 the University Trustees were elected by it, and elected their own President. 
 
 President Spencer was granted leave of absence from April 10, 1866, for 
 fifteen months, to visit Europe; and Prof Nathan R. Leonard was elected 
 President joro tern. 
 
 The North Hall was completed late in 1866. 
 
 At the annual meeting in June, 1867, the resignation of President Spencer 
 (absent in Europe) was accepted, and Prof. Leonard continued as President pro 
 tern., until March 4, 1868, when James Black, D. D., Vice President of Wash- 
 ington and Jefferson College, Penn., was elected President. Dr. Black entered 
 upon his duties in September, 1868. 
 
 The Law Department was established in June, 1868, and, in September fol- 
 lowing, an arrangement was perfected with the Iowa Law School, at Des Moines, 
 which had been in successful operation for three years, under the management 
 of Messrs. George G. Wright, Chester C. Cole and William G. Hammond, by 
 which that institution was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the Law De- 
 partment of the University. The Faculty of this department consisted of the 
 President of the University, Hon. Wm. G. Hammond, Resident Professor and 
 Principal of the Department, and Professors G. G. Wright and C. C. Cole. 
 
 Nine students entered at the commencement of the first term, and during 
 the year ending June, 1877, there were 103 students in this department. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Board, on the 17th of September, 1868, a Com- 
 mittee was appointed to consider the expediency of establishing a Medical De- 
 
192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 partment. This Committeo reported at once in favor of the proposition, the 
 Faculty to consist of the President of the University and seven Professors, and 
 recommended tliat, if practicable, the new department should be opened at the 
 commencement of the University year, in 1869-70. At this meeting, Hon. 
 Ezekiel Clark was elected Treasurer of the University. 
 
 By an act of the General Assembly, approved April 11, 1870, the "Board 
 of Regents " was instituted as the governing power of the University, and since 
 that time it has been the fundamental law of the institution. The Board of 
 Regents held its first meeting June 28, 1870. Wm. J. Haddock was elected 
 Secretary, and Mr. Clark, Treasurer. 
 
 Dr. Black tendered his resignation as President, at a special meeting of the 
 Board, held August 18, 1870, to take effect on the 1st of December following. 
 His resignation was accepted. 
 
 The South Hall having been fitted up for the purpose, the first term of the 
 Medical Department was opened October 24, 1870, and continued until March, 
 1871, at which time there were three graduates and thirty-nine students. 
 
 March 1, 1871, Rev. George Thacher was elected President of the Univer- 
 sity. Mr. Thacher accepted, entered upon his duties April 1st, and was form- 
 ally inaugurated at the annual meeting in June, 1861. 
 
 In June, 1874, the " Chair of Military Instruction" was established, and 
 the President of the United States was requested to detail an officer to perform 
 its duties. In compliance with this request, Lieut. A. D. Schenck, Second Artil- 
 lery, U. S. A., was detailed as "Professor of Military Science and Tactics," 
 at Iowa State University, by order of the War Department, August 26, 1874, 
 who reported for duty on the 10th of September following. Lieut. Schenck 
 was relieved by Lieut. James Chester, Third Artillery, January 1, 1877. 
 
 Treasurer Clark resigned November 3, 1875, and John N. Coldren elected 
 in his stead. 
 
 At the annual meeting, in 1876, a Department of Homoeopathy was 
 established. 
 
 In March, 1877, a resolution was adopted affiliating the High Schools of 
 the State with the University. 
 
 In June, 1877, Dr. Thacher's connection with the University was termi- 
 nated, and C. W. Slagle, a member of the Board of Regents, was elected Pres- 
 ident. 
 
 In 1S72, the ex officio membership of the Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion was abolished ; but it was restored in 1876. Following is a catalogue of 
 the officers of this important institution, from 1847 to 1878 : 
 
 TRUSTEES OR REGENTS. 
 
 PRESIDENTS. 
 
 FROM TO 
 
 .Inmcs Harlan, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1847 1848 
 
 Tiiomas H. B«nton, Jr., Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1848 1854 
 
 .lames U. Eads, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1864 1857 
 
 Maturin L. Fisher, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1857 1858 
 
 Amos De:in, Cliancellor, ex officio 1858 1859 
 
 Thomas II. Benlon, Jr 1859 1863 
 
 Francis Springer '.'.'.".'.".'.'.'.".'.'."'.'.'.'.*. 1863 1864 
 
 William M. Stone, Governor, ex officio 1864 1868 
 
 Samuel Merrill, Governor, ex officio 1868 1872 
 
 ('yrus C. Carpenter, Gi)vernor, ex officio 1872 1876 
 
 Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor, ex officio 1?;76 1877 
 
 .Joshua G. Newbold, Governor, ex officio 1877 1878 
 
 .John II. Gear.. 
 
 1878 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 193 
 
 VICE PRESIDENTS. FROM TO 
 
 Silas Foster 1847 1>^51 
 
 Robert Lucas 1851 1853 
 
 Edward Connelly 1854 1855 
 
 Moses J. Morsman 1855 1858 
 
 SECRETARIES. 
 
 Hugh D. Downey 1847 1851 
 
 Anson Hart 1851 1857 
 
 Elijah Sells 1857 1858 
 
 Au'^on Hart 1858 1864 
 
 William J. Haddock 1864 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 
 Morgan Reno, State Treasurer, ex officio 1847 1850 
 
 Israel Kister, State Treasurer, ex officio 1850 1852 
 
 Martin L. Morris, State Treasurer, ex officio 1852 1855 
 
 Henry W. Lathrop 1855 1862 
 
 William Crum 1862 1868 
 
 Ezekiel Clnrk 1868 1876 
 
 John N. Coldren 1876 
 
 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 Amos Dean, LL. D 1855 1858 
 
 Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D I860 1862 
 
 Oliver M. Spencer, D. D.* 1862 1867 
 
 James Black, D. D 1868 1870 
 
 George Thacher, D. D 1871 1877 
 
 C. W. Slagle 1877 
 
 The present educational corps of the University consists of the President, 
 nine Professors in the Collegiate Department, one Professor and six Instructors 
 in Military Science ; Chancellor, three Professors and four Lecturers in the 
 Law Department ; eight Professor Demonstrators of Anatomy ; Prosector of 
 Surgery and two Lecturers in the Medical Department, and two Professors in 
 the Homoeopathic Medical Department. 
 
 STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 By act of the General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, a State His- 
 torical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the 
 commencement, an appropriation of $250 was made, to be expended in collecting, 
 embodying, and preserving in an authentic form a library of books, pamphlets, 
 charts, maps, manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary, and other materials illus- 
 trative of the history of Iowa; and with the further object to rescue from 
 oblivion the memory of the early pioneers ; to obtain and preserve various 
 accounts of their exploits, perils and hardy adventures ; to secure facts and 
 statements relative to the history and genius, and progress and decay of the 
 Lidian tribes of Iowa ; to exhibit fiithfully the antiquities and past and present 
 resources of the State; to aid in the publication of such collections of the Society 
 as shall from time to time be deemed of value and interest ; to aid in binding 
 its books, pamphlets, manuscripts and papers, and in defraying other necessary 
 incidental expenses of the Society. 
 
 There was appropriated by law to this institution, till the General Assembly 
 shall otherwise direct, the sum of $500 per annum. - The Society is under the 
 management of a Board of Curators, consisting of eighteen persons, nine of 
 whom are appointed by the Governor, and nine elected by the members of the 
 Society. The Curators receive no compensation for their services. The annual 
 
194 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 meeting is provided for by law, to be held at Iowa City on Monday preceding 
 till" last Wednesday in June of each year. 
 
 The State Historical Society has published a series of very valuable collec- 
 tions, including historv, biography, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a 
 lar^re' number of finely "engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under 
 the title of " Annals of Iowa." 
 
 THE PENITENTIARY. 
 
 Located at Fort 3Iadison, Lee County. 
 
 The first act of the Territorial Legislature, relating to a Penitentiary in 
 Iowa, was approved January 25, 1839, the fifth section of which authorized the 
 Governor to draw the sum of $20,000 appropriated by an act of Congress ap- 
 proved July 7, 1838, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided 
 for a Board of Directors of three persons elected by the Legislature, who should 
 direct the building of the Penitentiary, which should be located within one mile 
 of the public square, in the town of Fort Madison, Lee County, provided Fort 
 Madison should deed to the directors a tract of land suitable for a site, and assign 
 them, by contract, a spring or stream of water for the use of the Penitentiary. 
 To the Directors Avas also given the power of appointing the Warden ; the latter 
 to appoint his own assistants. 
 
 The first Directors appointed were John S. David and John Claypole. They 
 made their first report to the Legislative Council November 9, 1839. The citi- 
 zens of the town of Fort Madison had executed a deed conveying ten acres of 
 land for the building site. Amos Ladd was appointed Superintendent of the 
 building June 5, 1839. The building was designed of sufficient capacity to con- 
 tain one hundred and thirty-eight convicts, and estimated to cost $55,933.90. 
 It was begun on the 9th of July, 1839 ; the main building and Warden's house 
 were completed in the Fall of 1841. Other additions were made from time to 
 time till the building and arrangements were all complete according to the plan 
 of the Directors. It has answered the purpose of the State as a Penitentiary 
 for more than thirty years, and during that period many items of practical ex- 
 perience in prison management have been gained. 
 
 It has long been a problem how to conduct prisons, and deal with what are 
 called the criminal classes generally, so as to secure their best good and best 
 subserve the interests of the State. Both objects must be taken into considera- 
 tion in any humaritarian vieAV of the subject. This problem is not yet solved, 
 but Iowa has adopted the progressive and enlightened policy of humane treat- 
 ment of pri.soners and the utilization of their labor for their own support. The 
 labor of the convicts in the Iowa Penitentiary, as in most others in the United 
 States, is let out to contractors, who pay the State a certain stipulated amount 
 therefor, the State furnishing the shops, tools and machinery, as well as the 
 supervision necessary to preserve order and discipline in the prison. 
 
 While this is an improvement upon the old solitary confinement system, it 
 still falls short of an enlightened reformatory system"^ that in the future will 
 treat tiie criminal for mental disease and endeavor to restore him to usefulness 
 in the community. The objections urged against the contract system of dis- 
 posmg of the labor of prisoners, that it brings the labor of honest citizens into 
 competition with convict labor at reduced prices, and is disadvantageous to the 
 State, are not without force, and the system will have no place in the prisons of 
 the future. 
 
dOLONYTP. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 195 
 
 It is right that the convict shouki labor. He should not be allowed to live 
 in idleness at public expense. Honest men labor ; why should not they? Hon- 
 est men are entitled to the fruits of their toil ; why should not the convict as 
 well ? The convict is sent to the Penitentiary to secure public safety. The 
 State deprives him of his liberty to accomplish this purpose and to punish him 
 for violations of law, but, having done this, the State wrongs both itself and the 
 criminal by confiscating his earnings ; because it deprives his family of what 
 justly belongs to them, and an enlightened civilization Avill ere long demand 
 that the prisoner in the penitentiary, after paying a fair price for his board, is 
 as justly entitled to his net earnings as the good citizen outside its walls, and 
 his family, if he has one, should be entitled to draw his earnings or stated portion 
 of them at stated periods. If he has no family, then if his net earnings should 
 be set aside to his credit and paid over to him at the expiration of his term of 
 imprisonment, he would not be turned out upon the cold charities of a somewhat 
 Pharisaical world, penniless, with the brand of the convict upon his brow, with 
 no resource save to sink still deeper in crime. Let Iowa, " The Beautiful Land," 
 be first to recognize the rights of its convicts to the fruits of their labor ; keep 
 their children from the alms-house, and place a powerful incentive before them 
 to become good citizens when they return to the busy world again. 
 
 ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY. 
 
 Located at Anamosa, Jones County. 
 
 By an act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, approved April 23, 1872, 
 William Ure, Foster L. Downing and Martin Heisey were constituted Commis- 
 sioners to locate and provide for the erection and control of an additional 
 Penitentiary for the State of Iowa. These Commissioners met on the 4th of 
 the following June, at Anamosa, Jones County, and selected a site donated by 
 the citizens, within the limits of the city. L. W. Foster & Co., architects, of 
 Des Moines, furnished the plan, drawings and specifications, and work was 
 commenced on the building on the 28th day of September, 1872. May 13, 
 1873, twenty convicts were transferred to Anamosa from the Fort Madison 
 Penitentiary. The entire enclosure includes fifteen acres, with a frontage of 
 663 feet. 
 
 IOWA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
 
 Mount Pleasant, Henry County. 
 
 By an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 24, 1855, 
 $4,425 were appropriated for the purchase of a site, and $50,000 for building 
 an Insane Hospital, and the Governor (Grimes), Edward Johnston, of Lee 
 County, and Charles S. Blake, of Henry County, were appointed to locate the 
 institution and superintend the erection of the building. These Commission- 
 ers located the institution at Mt. Pleasant, Henry County. A plan for a 
 building designed to accommodate 300 patients, drawn by Dr. Bell, of Massa- 
 chusetts, was accepted, and in October work was commenced under the superin- 
 tendence of Mr. Henry Winslow. Up to February 25, 1858, and including an 
 appropriation made on that date, the Legislature had appropriated $258,555.67 
 to this institution, but the building was not finished ready for occupancy by 
 patients until March 1, 1861. The Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Presi- 
 dent, Farmersburg; Samuel McFarland, Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; D. L. 
 
196 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 McGuuin, Keokuk: G. W. Kincaid, Muscatine; J. D. Elbert, Keosauqua ; 
 Jului B. Lash and Harpin Riggs, Mt. Pleasant. Richard J. Patterson, M. D., 
 of Ohio, was elected Superintendent; Dwight C. Dewey, M. D., Assistant 
 Physician; Henry Winslow, Steward; Mrs. Catharine Winslow, Matron. 
 Th'e Hospital was formally opened March 6, 1861, and one hundred patients 
 were admitted within three months. About 1865, Dr. Mark Ranney became 
 Superintendent. April 18, 1876, a portion of the hospital building was 
 destroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October, 
 1ST7, 3,584 patients had been admitted. Of these, 1,141 were discharged 
 recovered, 505 discharged improved, 589 discharged unimproved, and 1 died ; 
 total discharged, 2,976, leaving 608 inmates. During this period, there were 
 1,384 females admitted, whose occupation was registered "domestic duties;" 
 122, no occupation; 25, female teachers; 11, seamstresses; and 25, servants. 
 Among the males were 916 farmers, 394 laborers, 205 without occupation, 39 
 cabinet makers, 23 brewers, 31 clerks, 26 merchants, 12 preachers, 18 shoe- 
 makers, 13 students, 14 tailors, 13 teachers, 14 agents, 17 masons, 7 lawyers, 
 7 physicians, 4 saloon keepers, 3 salesmen, 2 artists, and 1 editor. The pro- 
 ducts of the farm and garden, in 1876, amounted to $13,721.26. 
 
 Trustees, 1S77 :—'Y. Whiting, President, Mt. Pleasant; Mrs. E. M. Elliott, 
 Secretary, Mt. Pleasant ; William C. Evans, West Liberty ; L. E. Fellows, 
 Lansing ; and Samuel Klein, Keokuk ; Treasurer, M, Edwards, Mt. Pleasant. 
 
 Resident Officers: — Mark Ranney, M. D., Medical Superintendent; H. M. 
 Bassett, M. D.. First Assistant Physician; M. Riordan, M. D., Second Assistant 
 Physician; Jennie McCowen, M. D., Third Assistant Physician ; J. W. Hender- 
 son, Steward ; Mrs. Martha W. Ranney, Matron ; Rev. Milton Sutton, 
 Chaplain. 
 
 HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
 Independence^ Buchanan County. 
 
 In the Winter of 1867-8, a bill providing for an additional Hospital for the 
 Insane was passed by the Legislature, and an appropriation of $125,000 was 
 made for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton County ; E. G. Morgan, 
 of Webster County, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, were appointed 
 Commissioners to locate and supervise the erection of the Building. Mr. Clark 
 died about a year after his appointment, and Hon. G. W. Bemis, of Indepen- 
 dence, was appointed to fdl the vacancy. 
 
 The Commissioners met and commenced their labors on the 8th day of 
 June, 1868, at Independence. The act under which they were appointed 
 required them to select the most eligible and desirable location, of not less than 
 320 acres, within two miles of the city of Independence, that might be oftered 
 by the citizens free of charge to the State. Several such tracts Avere oftered, 
 but the Commissioners finally selected the soutli half of southwest quarter oi 
 Section 5 ; the north half of northeast quarter of Section 7 ; the north half of 
 northwest quarter of Section 8, and the north half of northeast quarter of Sec- 
 tion «, all in Township 88 north, Range 9 west of the Fifth Principal Meridian. 
 This location is on the west side of the Wapsipinicon River, and about a mile 
 from its banks, and about the same distance from Independence. 
 
 Col. S. V. Shipman, of Madison, Wis., was employed to prepare plans, 
 specifications and drawings of the building, which, Avhen completed, were sub- 
 mitted to Dr. M. Ranney, Superintendent of the Hospital at Mount Pleasant, 
 who suggested several improvements. The contract for erecting the building 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. • 197 
 
 was awarded to Mr. David Armstrong, of Dubuque, for $88,114. The con- 
 tract was signed November 7, 1868, and Mr. Armstrong at once commenced 
 work. Mr. George Josselyn was appointed to superintend the work. The 
 main buildings were constructed of dressed limestone, from the quarries at 
 Anamosa and Farley. The basements are of the local granite worked from the 
 immense boulders found in large quantities in this portion of the State. 
 
 In 1872, the building was so far completed that the Commissioners called 
 the first meeting of the Trustees, on the 10th day of July of that year. These 
 Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Mrs. P. A. Appleman, T, W. Fawcett, C. 
 C. Parker, E. G. Morgan, George W. Bemis and John M. Boggs. Tliis board 
 was organized, on the day above mentioned, by the election of Hon. M. L. 
 Fisher, President; Rev. J. G. Boggs, Secretary, and George W. Bemis, Treas- 
 urer, and, after adopting preliminary measures for organizing the local govern- 
 ment of the hospital, adjourned to the first Wednesday of the following Septem- 
 ber. A few days before this meeting, Mr. Boggs died of malignant fever, 
 and Dr. John G. House was appointed to fill the vacancy. Dr. House was 
 elected Secretary. At this meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected 
 Superintendent; George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn, 
 Matron. September 4, 1873, Dr. Willis Butterfield was elected Assistant 
 Physician. The building was ready for occupancy April 21, 1873. 
 
 In the Spring of 1876, a contract was made with Messrs. Mackay k Lundy, 
 of Independence, for furnishing materials for building the outside walls of the 
 two first sections of the south wing, next to the center building, for 06.250. 
 The carpenter work on the fourth and fifth stories of the center building was 
 completed during the same year, and the wards were furnished and occupied by 
 patients in the Fall. 
 
 In 1877, the south wing was built, but it will not be completed ready for 
 occupancy until next Spring or Summer (1878). 
 
 October 1, 1877, the Superintendent reported 322 patients in this hospital, 
 and it is now overcrowded. 
 
 The Board of Trustees at present (1878) are as follows : Maturin L. 
 Fisher, President, Farmersburg ; John G. House, M. D., Secretary, Indepen- 
 dence ; Wm. G. Donnan, Treasurer, Independence ; Erastus G. Morgan, Fort 
 Dodge ; Mrs. Prudence A. Appleman, Clermont ; and Stephen E. Robinson, 
 M. D., West Union. 
 
 RESIDENT OFFICERS. 
 
 Albert Reynolds, M.'D., Superintendent; G. H. Hill, M. D., Assistant 
 Physician; Noyes Appleman, Steward; Mrs. Lucy M. Gray, Matron. 
 
 IOWA COLLEGE FOR THE BLIND. 
 
 Vinton, Benton County. 
 
 In August, 1852, Prof Samuel Bacon, himself blind, established an Insti- 
 tution for the Instruction of the Blind of Iowa, at Keokuk. 
 
 By act of the General Assembly, entitled " An act to establish an Asylum 
 for the Blind," approved January 18, 1853, the institution was adopted by the 
 State, removed to Iowa City, February 3d, and opened for the reception of pupils 
 April 4, 1853, free to all the blind in the State. 
 
 The first Board of Trustees were James D. Eads, President ; George W. 
 McClary, Secretary ; James II. Gower, Treasurer ; Martin L. Morris, Stephen 
 Hempstead, Morgan Reno and John McCaddon. The Board appointed Prof 
 
198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Samuel Bacon, Principal; T. J. McGittigen, Teacher of Music, and Mrs. Sarah 
 K. Bacon, Matron. Twenty-three pupils were admitted during the first term. 
 
 In his first report, made in 1854, Prof. Bacon suggested that the name 
 should be changed from " Asylum for the Blind," to that of " Institution for 
 the Instruction of the Blind." This was done in 1855, when the General As- 
 sembly made an annual appropriation for the College of $55 per quarter for 
 each ])upil. This was subsequently changed to $3,000 per annum, and a charge 
 of $25 as an admission fee for each pupil, which sum, with the amounts realized 
 from the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils, proved sufficient for 
 the e.xpenses of the institution during Mr. Bacon's administration. Although 
 Mr. Bacon was blind, he was a fine scholar and an economical manager, and 
 had founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. As a mathematician 
 he had few superiors. 
 
 On the 8th of May, 1858, the Trustees met at Vinton, and made arrange- 
 ments for securing the donation of $5,000 made by the citizens of that town. 
 
 In June of that year, a quarter section of land was donated for the College, 
 by John W. 0. Webb and others, and the Trustees adopted a plan for the 
 erection of a suitable building. In 1860, the plan was modified, and the con- 
 tract for enclosing let to Messrs. Finkbine & Lovelace, for $10,420. 
 
 In August, 1862, the building was so far completed that the goods and fur- 
 niture of the institution were removed from Iowa City to Vinton, and early in 
 October, the school was opened there with twenty-four pupils. At this time. 
 Rev. Orlando Clark was Principal. 
 
 In August, 1864, a new Board of Trustees were appointed by the Legisla- 
 ture, consisting of James McQuin, President; Reed Wilkinson, Secretary; Jas. 
 Chapin, Treasurer; Robert Gilchrist, Elijah Sells and Joseph Dysart, organized 
 and made important changes. Rev. Reed Wilkinson succeeded Mr. Clark as 
 Principal. Mrs. L. S. B. Wilkinson and Miss Amelia Butler were appointed 
 Assistant Teachers ; Mrs. N. A. Morton, Matron. 
 
 Mr. Wilkinson resigned in June, 1867, and Gen. James L. Geddes was 
 appointed in his place. In September, 1869, Mr. Geddes retired, and was 
 succeeded by Prof. S. A.Knapp. Mrs. S. C. Lawton was appointed Matron, 
 and was succeeded by Mrs. M. A. Knapp. Prof. Knapp resigned July 1, 
 
 1875, and Prof. Orlando Clark was elected Principal, who died April 2, 
 
 1876, and was succeeded by John B. Parmalee, who retired in July, 1877, 
 when the present incumbent, Rev. Robert Carothers, was elected. 
 
 Trustees, 1877-8. — Jeremiah L. Gay, President; S. H.Watson, Treasurer; 
 H. C. Piatt, Jacob Springer, C. L. Flint and P. F. Sturgis. 
 
 i>TCM%.— Principal, Rev. Robert Carothers, A. M. ; Matron, Mrs. Emeline 
 E. Carothers; Teachers, Thomas F. McCune, A. B., Miss Grace A. Hill, 
 Mrs. C. A. Spencer, Miss Mary Baker, Miss C. R. Miller, Miss Lorana Mat- 
 tice, Miss A. M. McCutcheon ; Musical Director, S. 0. Spencer. 
 
 The Legislative Committee who visited this institution in 1878 expressed 
 their astonishment at the vast expenditure of money in proportion to the needs 
 of the State. The structure is well built, and the money properly expended ; 
 yet it was enormously beyond the necessities of the State, and shows an utter 
 disregard of the fitness of things. The Committee could not understand why 
 $282,000 should liave been expended for a massive building covering about two 
 and a half acres for the accommodation of 130 people, costing over eight thou- 
 sand dollars a year to heat it, and costing the State about five hundred dollars 
 a year for each pupil. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 199 
 
 INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 
 Council Bluffs, Pottawattomie County. 
 
 The Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City 
 by an act of the General Assembly, approved January 24, 1855. The number 
 of deaf mutes then in the State was 3U1 ; the number attending the Institution, 
 50. The first Board of Trustees were: Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Hon. E. 
 Sells, W. Penn Clarke, J. P. Wojd, H. D. Downey, William Crura, W. E. 
 Ijams, Principal. On the resignation of Mr. Ijams, in 1862, the Board 
 appointed in his stead Mr. Benjamin Talbot, for nine years a teacher in the 
 Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Mr. Talbot was ardently devoted to 
 the interests of the institution and a faithful worker for the unfortunate class 
 under his charge. 
 
 A strong effort was made, in 1866, to remove this important institution to 
 Des Moines, but it was located permanently at Council Bluffs, and a building 
 rented for its use. In 1868, Commissioners were appointed to locate a site for, 
 and to superintend the erection of, a new building, for which the Legislature 
 appropriated $125,000 to commence the work of construction. The Commis- 
 sioners selected ninety acres of land about two miles south of the city of Coun- 
 cil Bluffs. The main building and one wing were completed October 1, 1870, 
 and immediately occupied by the Institution. February 25, 1877, the main 
 building and east wing were destroyed by fire ; and August 6 folloAving, the 
 roof of the new west wing was blown off and the walls partially demolished by 
 a tornado. At the time of the fire, about one hundred and fifty pupils were in 
 attendance. After the fire, half the classes were dismissed and the number of 
 scholars reduced to about seventy, and in a week or two the school was in run- 
 ning order. 
 
 The Legislative Committee which visited this Institution in the Winter of 
 1857-8 Avas not well pleased with the condition of affairs, and reported that the 
 building (west wing) was a disgrace to the State and a monument of unskillful 
 workmanship, and intimated rather strongly that some reforms in management 
 were very essential. 
 
 Trustees, 1877-8. — Thomas Officer, President; N. P. Dodge, Treasurer; 
 Paul Lange, William Orr, J. W. Cattell. 
 
 Superintendent, Benjamin Talbot, M. A. Teachers, Edwin Southwick, 
 Conrad S. Zorbaugh, John A. Gillespib, John A. Kennedy, Ellen J. Israel, 
 Ella J. Brown, Mrs. H. R. Gillespie ; Physician, H. W. Hart, M. D.; Steward, 
 N. A. Taylor; Matron, Mary B. Swan. 
 
 SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES. 
 
 Davenport, Cedar Falls, Crlenwood. 
 
 The movement which culminated in the establishment of this beneficent in- 
 stitution was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the civil war of 
 1861—65. This noble and patriotic lady called a convention at Muscatine, on 
 the 7th of October 186-3, for the purpose of devising measures for the support 
 and education of the orphan children of the brave sons of Iowa, who had fallen 
 in defense of national honor and integrity. So great was the public interest in 
 the movement that there was a large representation from all parts of the State 
 on the day named, and an association was organized- called the Iowa State Or- 
 phan Asylum. 
 
200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOAA. 
 
 The first officers were : President, William INI. Stone ; Vice Presidents, Mrs. 
 G. G. Wright, :\Irs. K. L. Cadle, Mrs. J. T. Hancock, Jdm R. Needham, J. W. 
 Cattell, mT-s. Mary M. ]5agg; Recording Secretary, Miss Mary Kibben ; Cor- 
 responding Secretary, Miss M. E. Shelton ; Treasurer, N. H. Brainerd; Board 
 of Trustees, Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, Mrs. C. B. Darwin, INIrs. D. T. Newcomb, 
 Mrs. L. B. Stephens, 0. Fayville, E. H. Williams, T. S. Parvin, Mrs. Shields, 
 Caleb Baldwin, C. C. Cole, Isaac Pendleton, H. G. Henderson. 
 
 The first meeting of the Trustees was held February 14, 1864, in the Repre- 
 sentative Hall, at Des Moines. Committees from both branches of the General 
 Assembly were present and were invited to participate in their deliberations. 
 Gov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected 
 with the Asylum. Arrangements were made for raising funds. 
 
 At the next meeting, in Davenport, in March, 1864, the Trustees decided to 
 commence operations at once, and a committee, of which Mr. Howell, of Keo- 
 kuk, was Chairman, was appointed to lease a suitable building, solicit donations, 
 and j)r(icure suitable furniture. This committee secured a lai-ge brick building 
 in Lawrence, Van Buren County, and engaged ]\Ir. Fuller, of Mt. Pleasant, as 
 Steward. 
 
 At the annual meeting, in Des Moines, in June, 1864, Mrs. C. B. Baldwin, 
 Mrs. G. G. Wright, Mrs. Dr. Horton, Miss Mary E. Shelton and Mr. George 
 Sherman were appointed a committee to furnish the building and take all neces- 
 sary steps for opening the "Home," and notice was given that at the next 
 meeting of the Association, a motion would be made to change the name of the 
 Institution to Iowa Orphans' Home. 
 
 The work of preparation was conducted so vigorously that on the 1 3th day 
 of July following, the Executive Committee announced that they were ready to 
 receive the children. In three weeks twenty-one were admitted, and the num- 
 ber constantly increased, so that, in a little more than six months from the time 
 of opening, there were seventy children admitted, and twenty more applica- 
 tions, which the Committee had not acted upon — all orphans of soldiers. 
 
 Miss M. Elliott, of Washington, was appointed Matron. She resigned, 
 in February, 1865, and was succeeded by Mrs. E. G. Piatt, of Fremont 
 County. 
 
 Tiie " Home " was sustained by the voluntary contributions of the people, 
 until 1866, when it was assumed by the State. In that year, the General 
 Assem bly provided for the location of several such "Homes" in the different 
 counties, and which were established at Davenport, Scott County; Cedar Falls, 
 Black Hawk County, and at Glenwood, Mills County. 
 
 Tlie Board of Trustees elected by the General Assembly had the oversight 
 and management of the Soldiers' Orphans' Homes of the State, and consisted 
 of one person from each county in which such Home was located, and one for 
 the State at large, Avho held their office two years, or until, their successors were 
 elected and (pudificd. An appropriation of $10 per month for each orphan 
 actually supported was made by the General Assembly. 
 
 The Home in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, and an old hotel building 
 was fitted up for it. Rufus C, Mary L. and Emma L. Bauer were the first 
 chddren received, in October, and by January, 1866, there were ninety-six in- 
 mates. 
 
 October 12, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building, about 
 two mdes west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosperous for several years, but 
 m 187<;, the General Assembly established a State Normal School at Cedar 
 Falls and appropriated the buildings and grounds for that purpose. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 201 
 
 By " An act to provide for the organization and support of an asylum at 
 Glenwood, in Mills County, for feeble minded children," approved March 17, 
 1876, the buildings and grounds used by the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that 
 place were appropriated for this purpose. By another act, approved March 15, 
 1876, the soldiers' orphans, then at the Homes at Glenwood and Cedar Falls, 
 were to be removed to the Home at Davenport within ninety days thereafter, 
 and the Board of Trustees of the Home were authorized to receive other indigent 
 children into that institution, and provide for their education in industrial 
 pursuits. 
 
 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County. 
 
 Chapter 129 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, in 1876, estab- 
 lished a State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and required 
 the Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home to turn over the property in their 
 charge to the Directors of the new institution. 
 
 The Board of Directors met at Cedar Falls June 7, 1876, and duly organ- 
 ized by the election of H. C. Hemenway, President ; J. J. Toleston, Secretary, 
 and E. Townsend, Treasurer. The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' 
 Home met at the same time for the purpose of turning over to the Directors the 
 property of that institution, which was satisfactorily done and properly receipted 
 for as required by law. At this meeting, Prof. J. C. Gilchrist was elected 
 Principal of the School. 
 
 On the 12th of July, 1876, the Board again met, when executive and 
 teachers' committees were appointed and their duties assigned. A Steward 
 and a Matron were elected, and their respective duties defined. 
 
 The buildings and grounds were repaired and fitted up as well as the appro- 
 priation would admit, and the first term of the school opened September 6, 1876, 
 commencing with twenty-seven and closing with eighty-seven students. The 
 second term closed with eighty-six, and one hundred and six attended during 
 the third term. 
 
 The following are the Board of Directors, Board of Officers and Faculty : 
 
 Board of Directors. — H. C. Hemenway, Cedar Falls, President, term 
 expires 1882 ; L. D. Lewelling, Salem, Henry County, 1878 ; W. A. Stow, 
 Hamburg, Fremont County, 1878 ; S. G. Smith, Newton, Jasper County, 
 1880 ; E. H. Thayer, Clinton, Clinton County, 1880 ; G. S. Robinson, Storm 
 Lake, Buena Vista County, 1882. 
 
 Board of Officers. — J. J. Toleston, Secretary ; E. Townsend, Treasurer ; 
 William Pattes, Steward ; Mrs. P. A. Schermerhorn, Matron — all of Cedar 
 Falls. 
 
 Faculty. — J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., Principal, Professor of Mental and 
 Moral Philosophy and Didactics ; M. W. Bartlett, A. M., Professor of Lan- 
 guages and Natural Science ; D. S. Wright, A. M., Professor of Mathematics ; 
 Miss Frances L. Webster, Teacher of Geography and History ; E. W. Burnham, 
 Professor of Music. 
 
 ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN. 
 
 Glenwood., Mills County. 
 
 Chapter 152 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, approved 
 March 17, 1876, provided for the establishment of an asylum for feeble minded 
 children at Glenwood, Mills County, and the buildings and grounds of the 
 
202 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were to be used for that purpose. The 
 asylum was placed under the management of three Trustees, one at least of 
 whom should be a resident of Mills County. Children between the ages of 7 
 and 18 years are admitted. Ten dollars per month for each child actually sup- 
 ported by the State was appropriated by the act, and $2,000 for salaries of 
 oflBcers and teachers for two years. 
 
 Hon. J. W. Cattell, of Polk County ; A. J. Russell, of Mills County, and 
 W. S. Robertson, were appointed Trustees, who held their first meeting at 
 Glen wood, April 26, 1876. Mr. Robertson was elected President; Mr. Russell, 
 Treasurer, and Mr. Cattell, Secretary. The Trustees found the house and farm 
 which had been turned over to them in a shamefully dilapidated condition. The 
 fences were broken down and the lumber destroyed or carried away ; the win- 
 dows broken, doors off' their hinges, floors broken and filthy in the extreme, 
 cellars reeking with off'ensive odors from decayed vegetables, and every conceiv- 
 able variety of filth and garbage ; drains obstructed, cisterns broken, pump 
 demoralized, wind-mill broken, roof leaky, and the whole property in the worst 
 possible condition. It was the first work of the Trustees to make the house 
 tenable. This was done under the direction of Mr. Russell. At the request 
 of the Trustees, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur, Superintendent of the Illinois Asylum, 
 visited Glenwood, and made many valuable suggestions, and gave them much 
 assistance. 
 
 0. W. Archibald, M. D., of Glenwood, was appointed Superintendent, 
 and soon after was appointed Secretary of the Board, vice Cattell, resigned. 
 Mrs. S. A. Archibald was appointed Matron, and Miss Maud M. Archibald, 
 Teacher. 
 
 The Institution was opened September 1, 1876 ; the first pupil admitted 
 September 4, and the school was organized September 10, with only five pupils, 
 which number had, in November, 1877, increased to eighty-seven. December 
 1, 1876, Miss Jennie Van Dorin, of Fairfield, was employed as a teacher and 
 in the Spring of 1877, Miss Sabina J. Archibald Avas also employed. 
 
 THE REFORM SCHOOL. 
 
 Eldora, Hardin County. 
 
 By "An act to establish and organize a State Reform School for Juvenile 
 Off"enders," approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly established a 
 State Reform Scliool at Salem, Lee (Henry) County; provided for a Board of 
 Trustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. For the 
 purpose of immediately opening the school, the Trustees were directed to accept 
 the proposition of the Trustees of White's Iowa Manual Labor Institute, at 
 Salem, and lease, for not more than ten years, the lands, buildings, etc., of the 
 Institute, and at once proceed to prepare for and open a reform school as a 
 temporary establisliment. 
 
 The contract for fitting up the buildings was let to Clark & Haddock, Sep- 
 tember 21, 1868, and on the 7th of October following, the first inmate was 
 received from Jasper County. The law provided for the admission of children 
 of both sexes under 18 years of age. In 1876, this was amended, so that they 
 are now received at ages over 7 and under 16 years. 
 
 April 11», 1872, the Trustees were directed to make a permanent location 
 for the school, and $45,000 was appropriated for the erection of the necessary 
 buildings. The Trustees were further directed, as soon as practicable, to 
 organize a school for girls in the buildings where the boys were then kept. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 203 
 
 The Trustees located the school at Eldora, Hardin County, and in the Code 
 of 1873, it is permanently located there by law. 
 
 The institution is managed by five Trustees, who are paid mileage, but no 
 compensation for their services. 
 
 The object is the reformation of the children of both sexes, under the age 
 of 16 years and over 7 years of age, and the law requires that the Trustees 
 shall require the boys and girls under their charge to be instructed in piety and 
 morality, and in such branches of useful knowledge as are adapted to their age 
 and capacity, and in some regular course of labor, either mechanical, manufac- 
 turing or agricultural, as is best suited to their age, strength, disposition and 
 capacity, and as may seem best adapted to secure the reformation and future 
 benefit of the boys and girls. 
 
 A boy or girl committed to the State Reform School is there kept, disci- 
 plined, instructed, employed and governed, under the direction of the Trustees, 
 until he or she arrives at the age of majority, or is bound out, reformed or 
 legally discharged. The binding out or discharge of a boy or girl as reformed, 
 or having arrived at the age of majority, is a complete release from all penalties 
 incurred by conviction of the offense for which he or she was committed. 
 
 This is one step in the right direction. In the future, however, still further 
 advances will be made, and the right of every individual to the fruits of their 
 labor, even while restrained for the public good, Avill be recognized. 
 
 FISH HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 I^ear Anamosa, Jones County. 
 
 The Fift-ee-nth General Assembly, in 1874, passed " An act to provide for 
 the appointment of a Board of Fish Commissioners for the construction of 
 Fishways for the protection and propagation of Fish," also "An act to provide 
 for furnishing the rivers and lakes with fish and fish spawn." This act appro- 
 priated $3,000 for the purpose. In accordance with the provisions of the first 
 act above mentioned, on the 9th of April, 1874, S. B. Evans of Ottumwa, 
 Wapello County ; B. F. Shaw of Jones County, and Charles A. Haines, of 
 Black Hawk County, were appointed to be Fish Commissioners by the Governor. 
 These Commissioners met at Des Moines, May 10, 1874, and organized by the 
 election of Mr. Evans, President; Mr. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent, 
 and Mr. Haines, Treasurer. 
 
 The State was partitioned into three districts or divisions to enable the 
 Commissioners to better superintend the construction of fishways as required by 
 law. That part of the State lying south of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
 Railroad was placed under the especial supervision of Mr. Evans ; that part be- 
 tween that railroad and the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. 
 Shaw, and all north of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. Haines. At this 
 meeting, the Superintendent was authorized to build a State Hatching House ; 
 to procure the spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of Iowa ; hatch and 
 prepare the young fish for distribution, and assist in putting them into the waters 
 of the State. 
 
 In compliance with these instructions, Mr. Shaw at once commenced work, 
 and in the Summer of 1874, erected a " State Hatching House" near Anamosa, 
 20x40 feet, two stories ; the second story being designed for a tenement ; the 
 first story being the "hatching room." The hatching troughs are supplied 
 with water from a magnificent spring four feet deep and about ten feet in diam- 
 eter, affording an abundant and unfailing supply of pure running water. During 
 
204 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 the first year, from May 10, 1874, to May 10, 1875, the Commissioners distributed 
 within the State 100,000 Shad, 300,000 California Sahnon, 10,000 Bass, 
 80,000 Penobscot (Maine) Sahnon, 5,000 hxnd-locked Sahnon, 20,000 of 
 other species. 
 
 By act approved March 10, 1876, the hiw was amended so that there should 
 be but one instead of three Fish Commissioners, and B. F. Shaw was appointed, 
 and the Commissioner Avas authorized to purchase twenty acres of land, on 
 which the State Hatching House was located near Anamosa. 
 
 In the Fall of 1S76, Commissioner Shaw gathered from the sloughs of the 
 Mississippi, wliere they would have been destroyed, over a million and a half of 
 small fish, which were distributed in the various rivers of the State and turned 
 into the Mississippi. 
 
 In 1875-6, 533,000 California Salmon, and in 1877, 303,500 Lake Trout 
 were distributed in various rivers and lakes in the State. The experiment of 
 stocking the small streams with brook trout is being tried, and 81,000 of the 
 speckled beauties were distributed in 1877. In 1876, 100,000 young eels were 
 distributed. These came from New York and they are increasing rapidly. 
 
 At the close of 1877, there were at least a dozen private fish farms in suc- 
 cessful operation in various parts of the State. Commissioner Shaw is en- 
 thusiastically devoted to the duties of his office and has performed an important 
 service for the people of the State by his intelligent and successful operations. 
 
 The Sixteenth General Assembly passed an act in 1878, prohibiting the 
 catching of any kind of fish except Brook Trout from March until June of each 
 year. Some varieties are fit for food only during this period. 
 
 THE PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 The grants of public lands made in the State of Iowa, for various purposes, 
 are as follows : 
 
 1. 
 
 The 500,000 Acre Grant. 
 
 2. 
 
 The l()th Section Grant. 
 
 8. 
 
 The Mortgage School Landa. 
 
 4. 
 
 The University Grant. 
 
 5. 
 
 The Saline Grant. 
 
 6. 
 
 The 1)63 Moines P.iver Grant. 
 
 7. 
 
 The lies Moines River School Lands. 
 
 8. 
 
 Tlie Swamp Land Grant. 
 
 9. 
 
 The Railroad Grant. 
 
 10. 
 
 The Agricultural College Grant. 
 
 I. THE FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRE GRANT. 
 
 When the State was admitted into the Union, she became entitled to 
 600,000 acres of land by virtue of an act of Congress, approved September 4, 
 1841, which granted to each State therein specified 500,000 acres of publicland 
 for internal improvements ; to each State admitted subsequently to the passage 
 ot the act, an amount of land which, with the amount that might have been 
 granic<l to her as a Territory, would amount to 500,000 acres. All these lands 
 were required to be selected within the limits of the State to which they were 
 granted. 
 
 The Constitution cf Iowa declares that the proceeds of this grant, together 
 with all hinds then granted or to be granted by Congress for the benefit of 
 schools, shall constitute a perpetual fund for the support of schools throughout 
 the State. By an act approved January 15, 1849, the Legislature established 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 205 
 
 a board of School Fund Commissioners, and to that board was confided the 
 selection, care and sale of tliese lands for tlie benefit of the School Fund. Until 
 1855, these Commissioners were subordinate to the Superinteudent of Public 
 Instruction, but on the 15th of January of that year, they were clothed with 
 exclusive authority in the management and sale of school lands. The ofiice of 
 School Fund Commissioner was abolished March 23, 1858, and that officer in 
 each county was required to transfer all papers to and make full settlement with 
 the County Judge. By this act, County Judges and Township Trustees were 
 made the agents of the State to control and sell the sixteenth sections ; but no 
 further provision was made for the sale of the 500,000 acre grant until April 
 3d, 1860, when the entire management of the school lands Avas committed to 
 the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties. 
 
 II. THE SIXTEENTH SECTIONS. 
 
 By the provisions of the act of Congress admitting Iowa to the Union, there 
 was granted to the new State the sixteenth section in every township, or where 
 that section had been sold, other lands of like amount for the use of schools. 
 The Constitution of the State provides that the proceeds arising from the sale 
 of these sections shall constitute a part of the permanent School Fund. The 
 control and sale of these lands were vested in the School Fund Commissioners 
 of the several counties until March 23, 1858, when they were transferred to the 
 County Judges and Township Trustees, and were finally placed under the 
 supervision of the County Boards of Supervisors in January, 1861. 
 
 III. THE MORTGAGE SCHOOL LANDS. 
 
 These do not belong to any of the grants of land proper. They are lands 
 that have been mortgaged to the school fund, and became school lands when bid 
 off by the State by virtue of a law passed in 1862. Under the provisions of the 
 law regulating the management and investment of the permanent school fund, 
 persons desiring loans from that fund are required to secure the payment thereof 
 with interest at ten per cent, per annum, by promissory notes endorsed by two 
 good sureties and by mortgage on unincumbered real estate, which must be 
 situated in the county where the loan is made, and which must be valued by 
 three appraisers. Making these loans and taking the required securities was 
 made the duty of the County Auditor, who was required to report to the Board 
 of Supervisors at each meeting thereof, all notes, mortgages and abstracts of 
 title connected with the school fund, for examination. 
 
 When default was made of payment of money so secured by mortgage, and 
 BO arrangement made for extension of time as the law provides, the Board of 
 Supervisors were authorized to bring suit and prosecute it with diligence to 
 secure said fund; and in action in favor of the county for the use of the school 
 fund, an injunction may issue without bonds, and in any such action, when 
 service is made by publication, default and judgment may be entered and 
 enforced without bonds. In case of sale of land on execution founded on any 
 such mortgage, the attorney of the board, or other person duly authorized, skall, 
 on behalf of the State or county for the use of said fund, bid such sum as the 
 interests of said fund may require, and if struck off to the State the land shall 
 be held and disposed of as the other lands belonging to the fund. These lands 
 are known as the Mortgage School Lands, and reports of them, including 
 description and amount, are required to be made to the State Land Office. 
 
206 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 IV. UNIVERSITY LANDS. 
 
 By act of Congress, July 20, 1840, a quantity of land not exceeding two 
 entire* townships was reserved in the Territory of Iowa for the use and support 
 of a university within said Territory when it should become a State. This land 
 wa-s to be located in tracts of not less than an entire section, and could be used 
 for no other purpose than that designated in the grant. In an act supplemental 
 to that for the admission of Iowa, March 3, 1845, the grant was renewed, and it 
 was provided that the lands should be used "solely for the purpose of such 
 university, in such manner as the Legislature may prescribe." 
 
 Under this grant there were set apart and approved by the Secretary of the 
 Treasury, for the use of the State, the following lands : 
 
 ACRES. 
 
 In the Iowa City Land District, Feb. 26, 1849 20,150.49 
 
 In the Fairticld Land District, Oct. 17, 1849 9,685.20 
 
 la the Iowa City Land District, Jan. 28, 18-50 2,571.81 
 
 In the Fairfield Land District, Sept. 10, 18-50 3,198.20 
 
 In the Dubuque Land District, May 19, 18-52 10,-5-52.24 
 
 Total 45,957.94 
 
 These lands were certified to the State November 19, 1859. The University 
 lands are placed by law under the control and management of the Board of 
 Trustees of the Iowa State University. Prior to 1865, there had been selected 
 and located under 282 patents, 22,892 acres in sixteen counties, and 23,036 
 acres unpatented, making a total of 45,928 acres. 
 
 V. — SALINE LANDS. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved March 3, 1845, the State of Iowa was 
 granted the use of the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding tAvelve. 
 By a subsequent act, approved May 27, 1852, Congress granted the springs 
 to the State in fee simple, together with six sections of land contiguous to each, 
 to be disposed of as the Legislature might direct. In 1861, the proceeds of 
 these lands then to be sold were constituted a fund for founding and support- 
 ing a lunatic asylum, but no sales were made. In 1856, the proceeds of the 
 saline lands were appropriated to the Insane Asylum, repealed in 1858. In 
 1«60, the saline lands and funds were made a part of the permanent fund of 
 the State University. These lands were located in Appanoose, Davis, Decatur, 
 Lucas, Monroe, Van Buren and Wayne Counties. 
 
 VI. — THE DES MOINES RIVER GRANT. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved August 8, 1846, a grant of land was made 
 for the improvement of the navigation of Des Moines River, as follows : 
 
 /?« it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in 
 Congress assembUd, That there be, and hereby is, granted to said Territory of Iowa for the 
 purposeof aiding said Territory to improve the navigation of the Des Moines River from its 
 mouth to the Raccoon Fork (so called) in said Territory, one equal moiety, in alternate sections, 
 ot the public lauds (remaining unsold and not otherwise disposed of, incumbered or appropri- 
 ated, in a strip five miles in width on each side of said river, to be selected within said Terri- 
 lory l.y an agent or a-ents to be appointed by the Governor thereof, subject to the approval of 
 the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. 
 
 r../^'''^ if *' 'V'""-''"" ""'"''"'• '^^^^ *^^ ^'^'^'^^ hereby granted shall not be conveyed 
 or disposed of by s:i.d Territory, nor by any State to be formed out of the same, except as said 
 improvement sha 1 progre-^s • that i., the said Territory or State may sell so much of said lands 
 as shall produce the sum of thirty thousand dollars, and then the sales shall cease until the Gov- 
 ernor of said Territory or State shall certify the fact to the President of the United States that 
 one-half of said sum has been expended upon said improvements, when the said Territory or 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 207 
 
 State may sell and convey a quantity of the residue of said lands sufficient to replace the amount 
 expended, and thus the sales shall progress as the proceeds thereof shall be expended, and the 
 fact of such expenditure shall be certified as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the said River Des Moines shall be and forever 
 remain a public highway for the use of the Government of the United States, free from any toll 
 or other charge whatever, for any property of the United States or persons in their service 
 passing through or along the same : Provided always, That it shall not be competent for the said 
 Territory or future State of Iowa to dispose of said lands, or any of them, at a price lower than, 
 for the time being, shall be the minimum price of other public lands. 
 
 Sec. 4. And be it further enacted. That whenever the Territory of Iowa shall be admitted 
 into the Union as a State, the lands hereby granted for the above purpose shall be and become 
 the property of said State for the purpose contemplated in this act, and for no other : Provided 
 the Legislature of the State of Iowa shall accept the said grant for the said purpose." Approved 
 Aug. 8, 1846. 
 
 By joint resolution of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 9, 
 1847, the grant was accepted for the purpose specified. By another act, ap- 
 proved February 24, 1847, entited "An act creating the Board of Public 
 Works, and providing for the improvement of the Des Moines River," the 
 Legislature provided for a Board consisting of a President, Secretary and 
 Treasurer, to be elected by the people. This Board was elected August 2, 
 1847, and was organized on the 22d of September following. The same act 
 defined the nature of the improvement to be made, and provided that the work 
 should be paid for from the funds to be derived from the sale of lands to be 
 sold by the Board. 
 
 Agents appointed by the Governor selected the sections designated by "odd 
 numbers" throughout the whole extent of the grant, and this selection was ap- 
 proved by the Secretary of the Treasury. But there was a conflict of opinion 
 as to the extent of the grant. It was held by some that it extended from the 
 mouth of the Des Moines only to the Raccoon Forks ; others held, as the 
 agents to make selection evidently did, that it extended from the mouth to the 
 head waters of the river. Richard M. Young, Commissioner of the General 
 Land Office, on the 23d of February, 1848, construed the grant to mean that 
 " the State is entitled to the alternate sections within five miles of the Des 
 Moines River, throughout the whole extent of that river within the limits of 
 Iowa." Under this construction, the alternate sections above the Raccoon 
 Forks would, of course, belong to the State; but on the 19th of June, 1848, 
 some of these lands were, by proclamation, thrown into market. On the 18th 
 of September, the Board of Public Works filed a remonstrance with the Com- 
 missioner of the General Land Office. The Board also sent in a protest to the 
 State Land Office, at which the sale was ordered to take place. On the 8th of 
 January, 1849, the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Iowa also 
 protested against the sale, in a communication to Hon. Robert J. Walker, Sec- 
 retary of the Treasury, to which the Secretary replied, concurring in the 
 opinion that the grant extended the whole length of the Des Moines River in 
 Iowa. 
 
 On the 1st of June, 1849, the Commissioner of the General Land Office 
 directed the Register and Receiver of the Land Office at Iowa City " to with- 
 hold from sale all lands situated in the odd numbered sections within five miles 
 on each side of the Des Moines River above the Raccoon Forks." March 13, 
 1850, the Commissioner of the General Land Office submitted to the Secretary 
 of the Interior a list "showing the tracts falling within the limits of the Des 
 Moines River grant, above the Raccoon Forks, etc., under the decision of the 
 Secretary of the Treasury, of March 2, 1849," and on the 6th of April 
 following, Mr. Ewing, then Secretary of the Interior, reversed the decision of 
 Secretary Walker, but ordered the lands to be withheld from sale until Con- 
 
208 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 gress could liave an opportunity to pass an explanatory act. The Iowa author- 
 ities appealed from this decision to the President (Taylor) who referred the 
 matter to the Attorney General (Mr. Johnson). On the 19th of July, Mr. 
 Johnson submitted as his opinion, that by the terms of the grant itseli it ex- 
 tended to the very source of the Des Moines, but before his opinion was pub- 
 Ushed President Tavlor died. When Mr. Tyler's cabinet was formed, the 
 question was submitted to the new Attorney General (Mr. Crittenden), who, on 
 the 30th of June, 1851, reported that in his opinion the grant did not extend 
 above the Raccoon Forks. Mr. Stewart, Secretary of the Interior, concurred 
 with Mr. Crittenden at first, but subsequently consented to lay the whole sub- 
 ject before the President and Cabinet, who decided in favor of the State. 
 
 October 29, 1851, Mr. Stewart directed the Commissioner of the General 
 Land Office to "submit for his approval such lists as had been prepared, and to 
 proceed to report for like approval lists of the alternate sections claimed by the 
 State of Iowa above the Raccoon Forks, as far as the surveys have progressed, 
 or may hereafter be completed and returned." And on the following day, three 
 lists of thefie lands Avere prepared in the General Land Office. 
 
 The lands approved and certified to the State of Iowa under this grant, and 
 all lying above the Raccoon Forks, are as follows : 
 
 By Secretary Stewart, Oct. 30, 1851 81,707.93 acres. 
 
 March 10, 1852 143,908.37 " 
 
 By Secretary McLellan, Dec. 17, 1853 33,142.43 " 
 
 Dec. 30, 1853 12,813.61 " 
 
 Total 271,572.24 acres. 
 
 The Commissioners and Register of the Des Moines River Improvement, in 
 their report to the Governor, November 30, 1852, estimates the total amount of 
 lands then available for the work, including those in possession of the State and 
 those to be surveyed and approved, at nearly a million acres. The indebtedness 
 then standing against the fund was about $108,000, and the Commissioners 
 estimated the work to be done would cost about $1,200,000. 
 
 January 19, 1853, the Legislature authorized the Commissioners to sell 
 " any or all the lands which have or may hereafter be granted, for not less than 
 ^1,300,000." 
 
 On the 24th of January, 1853, the General Assembly provided for the elec- 
 tion of a Commissioner by the people, and appointed two Assistant Commission- 
 ers, with authority to make a contract, selling the lands of the Improvement 
 for $1,300,000. This new Board made a contract, June 9, 1855, with the Des 
 Moines Navigation & Railroad Company, agreeing to sell all the lands donated 
 to the State by Act of Congress of August 8, 1840, which the State had not 
 sold prior to December 23, 1853, for $1,300,000, to be expended on the im- 
 provement of the river, and in paying the indebtedness then due. This con- 
 tract was duly reported to the Governor and General Assembly. 
 
 By an act approved January 25, 1855, the Commissioner and Register of 
 the Des Moines River Improvement were authorized to negotiate with the Des 
 Moines Navigation &: Railroad Company for the purchase of lands in Webster 
 County which had been sold by the School Fund Commissioner as school lands, 
 but which had been certified to the State as Des Moines River lands, and had, 
 therefore, become the property of the Company, under the provisions of its 
 contract with the State. 
 
 March 21, 185G, the old question of the extent of the grant was again raised 
 and the Commissioner of the General Land Office decided that it was limited to 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 209 
 
 the Raccoon Fork. Appeal was made to the Secretary of the Interior, and bj 
 him the matter was referred to the Attorney General, who decided that the grant 
 extended to the northern boundary of the State ; the State relinquished its 
 claim to lands lying along the river in Minnesota, and the vexed question was 
 supposed to be finally settled. 
 
 The land which had been certified, as well as those extending to the north- 
 ern boundary within the limits of the grant, were reserved from pre-emption 
 and sale by the General Land Commissioner, to satisfy the grant of August 8, 
 1846, and they were treated as having passed to the State, which from time to 
 time sold portions of them prior to their final transfer to the Des INIoines Navi- 
 igation & Railroad Company, applying the proceeds thereof to the improve- 
 ment of the river in compliance with the terms of the grant. Prior to the final 
 sale to the Company, June 9, 1854, the State had sold about 327,000 acres, of 
 which amount 58,830 acres were located above the Raccoon Fork. The last 
 certificate of the General Land Office bears date December 30, 1853. 
 
 After June 9th, 1854, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company 
 carried on the work under its contract with the State. As the improvement 
 progressed, the State, from time to time, by its authorized officers, issued to the 
 Company, in payment for said work, certificates for lands. But the General 
 Land Office ceased to certify lands under the grant of 1846. The State 
 had made no other provision for paying for the improvements, and disagree- 
 ments and misunderstanding arose between the State authorities and the 
 Company. 
 
 March 22, 1858, a joint resolution was passed by the Legislature submitting 
 a proposition for final settlement to the Company, which was accepted. The Com- 
 pany paid to the State $20,000 in cash, and released and conveyed the dredge boat 
 and materials named in the resolution ; and the State, on the 3d of May, 1858, 
 executed to the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company fourteen deeds 
 or patents to the lands, amounting to 256,703.64 acres. These deeds were 
 intended to convey all the lands of this grant certified to the State by the Gen- 
 eral Government not previously sold ; but, as if for the purpose of covering any 
 tract or parcel that might have been omitted, the State made another deed of 
 conveyance on the 18th day of May, 1858. These fifteen deeds, it is claimed, 
 by the Company, convey 266,108 acres, of which about 53,367 are below the 
 Raccoon Fork, and the balance, 212,741 acres, are above that point. 
 
 Besides the lands deeded to the Company, the State had deeded to individual 
 purchasers 58,830 acres above the Raccoon Fork, making an aggregate of 271,- 
 571 acres, deeded above the Fork, all of which had been certified to the State 
 by the Federal Government. 
 
 By act approved March 28, 1858, the Legislature donated the remainder of 
 the grant to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad Company, 
 upon condition that said Company assumed all liabilities resulting from the Des 
 Moines River improvement operations, reserving 50,000 acres of the land in 
 security for the payment thereof, and for the completion of the locks and dams 
 at Bentonsport, Croton, Keosauqua and Plymouth. For every three thousand 
 dollars' worth of work done on the locks and dams, and for every three thousand 
 dollars paid by the Company of the liabilities above mentioned, the Register of 
 the State Land Office was instructed to certify to the Company 1,000 acres of 
 the 50,000 acres reserved for these purposes. Up to 1865, there had been pre- 
 sented by the Company, under the provisions of the act of 1858, and aMowed, 
 claims amounting to "^109,579.37, about seventy-five per cent, of which had 
 been settled. 
 
210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 After the passage of the Act above noticed, the question of the extent of the 
 ori'nnal crant was again mooted, and at the December Term of the Supreme Court 
 of die I'^nited States, in 1859-60, a decision was rendered declaring that the 
 grant did not extend above Raccoon Fork, and that all certificates of land above 
 the Fork had been issued without authority of law and were, therefore, void 
 (see 23 How., QQ). 
 
 The State of Iowa had disposed of a large amount of land without authority, 
 according to this decision, and appeal was made to Congress for relief, which 
 was granted on the 3d day of March, 1861, in a joint resolution relinquishing 
 to the State all the title which the United States then still retained in the tracts 
 of land along the Des Moines River above Raccoon Fork, that had been im- 
 properly certified to the State by the Department of the Interior, and which is 
 now held by bona fide purchasers under the State of Iowa. 
 
 In confirmation of this relinquishment, by act approved July 12, 1862, 
 
 Congress enacted : 
 
 That the grant of lands to the then Territory of Iowa for the improvement of the Des Moines 
 River, made by the act of August 8, 1846, is hereby extended so as to include the alternate sec- 
 tions (designated by odd numbers) lying within five miles of said river, between the Raccoon 
 Fork and the northern boundary of said State ; such lands are to be held and applied in accord- 
 ance with the provisions of the original grant, except that the consent of Congress is hereby given 
 to the application of a portion thereof to aid in the construction of the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines 
 & Minnesota Railroad, in accordance with the provisions of the act of the General Assembly of 
 the State of Iowa, approved March 22, 1858. And if any of the said lands shall have been sold 
 or otherwise disposed of by the United States before the passage of this act, except those released 
 by the United States to the grantees of the State of Iowa, under joint resolution of l\Iarch 3, 
 1801, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to set apart an equal amount of lands within 
 said State to be certified in lieu thereof; Provided, that if the State shall have sold and conveyed 
 any portion of the lands lying within the limits of the grant the title of which has proved invalid, 
 any lands which shall be certified to said State in lieu thereof by virtue of the provisions of this 
 act, shall inure to and be held as a trust fund for the benefit of the person or persons, respect- 
 ively, whose titles shall have failed as aforesaid. 
 
 The grant of lands by the above act of Congress was accepted by a joint 
 resolution of the General Assembly, September 11, 1862, in extra session. On 
 the same day, the Governor was authorized to appoint one or more Commis- 
 sioners to select the lands in accordance Avith the grant. These Commissioners 
 were instructed to report their selections to the Registrar of the State Land 
 Office. The lands so selected were to be held for the purposes of the grant, and 
 were not to be disposed of until further legislation should be had. D. W. Kil- 
 burne, of Lee County, was appointed Commissioner, and, on the 25th day of 
 April, 1864, the General Land Officer authorized the selection of 300,000 acres 
 from the vacant public lands as a part of the grant of July 12, 1862, and the 
 selections Avere made in the Fort Dodge and Sioux City Land Districts. 
 
 Many difficulties, controversies and conflicts, in relation to claims and titles, 
 grew out of this grant, and these difficulties were enhanced by the uncertainty 
 of its limits until the act of Congress of July, 1862. But the General Assem- 
 bly sought, by wise and appropriate legislation, to protect the integrity of titles 
 derived from the State. Especially Avas the determination to protect the actual 
 settlers, wlio had paid their money and made improvements prior to the final 
 settlement of the limits of the grant by Congress. 
 
 VII. — THE DES MOINES RIVER SCHOOL LANDS. 
 
 These lands constituted a part of the 500,000 acre grant made by Congress 
 in 1841 ; including 28,378.46 acres in Webster County, selected by the Agent of 
 tlie State under that grant, and approved by the Commissioner of the General 
 Land Office February 20, 1851. They Avere ordered into the market June 6, 
 
ATT Y. AT LAW, MAN C H ESTE R 
 
IIISTORV OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 211 
 
 1853, by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, who authorized John Tol- 
 man. School Fund Commissioner for Webster County, to sell them as school 
 lands. Subsequently, when the act of 1846 was construed to extend the Des 
 Moines River grant above Raccoon Fork, it was held that the odd numbered 
 sections of these lands within five miles of the river were appropriated by that 
 act, and on the 30th day of December, 1853, 12,813.51 acres Avere set apart 
 and approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior, as a part of the 
 Des Moines River grant. January 6, 1854, the Commissioner T)f the General 
 Land Office transmitted to the Superintendent of Public Instruction a certified 
 copy of the lists of tliese lands, indorsed by the Secretary of the Interior, 
 Prior to this action of the Department, however, Mr. Tolman had sold to indi- 
 vidual purchasers 3,194.28 acres as school lands, and their titles were, of course, 
 killed. For their relief, an act, approved April 2, 1860, provided that, upon 
 application and proper showing, these purchasers should be entitled to draw 
 from the State Treasury the amount they had paid, with 10 per cent, interest, 
 on the contract to purchase made with Mr. Tolman. Under this act, five appli- 
 cations were made prior to 1864, and the applicants received, in the aggregate, 
 $949.53. 
 
 By an act approved April 7, 1862, the Governor was forbidden to issue to 
 the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Company any certificate of the completion 
 of any part of said road, or any conveyance of lands, until the company should 
 i^xeeute and file, in the State Land Office, a release of its claim — first, to cer- 
 tain swamp lands ; second, to the Des Moines River Lands sold by Tolman ; 
 third, to certain other river lands. That act provided that " the said company 
 shall transfer their interest in those tracts of land in Webster and Hamilton 
 Counties heretofore sold by John Tolman, School Fund Commissioner, to the 
 Register of the State Land Office in trust, to enable said Register to carry out 
 and perform said contracts in all cases when he is called upon by the parties 
 interested to do so, before the 1st day of January, A. D. 1864. 
 
 The company filed its release to the Tolman lands, in the Land Office, Feb- 
 ruary 27, 1864, at the same time entered its protest that it had no claim upon 
 them, never had pretended to have, and had never sought to claim them. The 
 Register of the State Land Office, under the advice of the Attorney General, 
 decided that patents would be issued to the Tolman purchasers in all cases 
 where contracts had been made prior to December 23, 1853, and remaining 
 uncanceled under the act of 1860. But before any were issued, on the 27th of 
 August, 1864, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company commenced a 
 suit in chancery, in the District Court of Polk County, to enjoin the issue of 
 such patents. On the 30th of August, an ex parte injunction was issued. In 
 January, 1868, Mr. J. A. Harvey, Register of the Land Office, filed in the 
 court an elaborate answer to plaintiffs' petition, denying that the company had 
 any right to or title in the lands. Mr. Harvey's successor, Mr. C. C. Carpen- 
 ter, filed a still more exhaustive answer February 10, 1868. August 3, 1868, 
 the District Court dissolved the injunction. The company appealed to the 
 Supreme Court, where the decision of the lower court was affirmed in December, 
 1869. 
 
 VIII. SWAMP LAND GRANT. 
 
 By an act of Congress, approved March 28, 1850, to enable Arkansas and 
 other States to reclaim swampy lands within their limits, granted all the swamp 
 and overflowed lands remaining unsold within their respective limits to the 
 several States. Although the total amount claimed by Iowa under this act 
 
•212 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 does not exceed 4,000,000 acres, it has, like the Dcs Moines River and some 
 of the land grants, cost the State considerable trouble and expense, and required 
 a deal of legislation. The State expended large sums of money in making the 
 selections, securing proofs, etc., but the General Government appeared to be 
 laboring under the impression that Iowa was not acting in good faith ; that she 
 had soiected a large amount of lands under the swamp land grant, transferred 
 her interest to counties, and counties to private speculators, and the General 
 Land Oflice permitted contests as to the character of the lands already selected 
 by the Agents of the State as "swamp lands." Congress, by joint resolution 
 l)ec. 18, 1856, and by act March 3, 1857, saved the State from the fatal result 
 of this ruinous policy. Many of these lands were selected in 1854 and 1855, 
 innncdiately after several remarkably wet seasons, and it was but natural that 
 some portions of the selections would not appear swampy after a few dry seasons. 
 Some time after these first selections were made, persons desired to enter 
 parcels of the so-called swamp lands and offering to prove them to be dry. In 
 such cases the General Land Office ordered hearing before the local land officers, 
 and if they decided the land to be dry, it was permitted to be entered and the 
 claim of the State rejected. Speculators took advantage of this. Affidavits 
 were bought of irresponsible and reckless men, who, for a few dollars, would 
 (•<mfidently testify to the character of lands they never saw. These applica- 
 tions multij)lied until they covered 3,000,000 acres. It was necessary that 
 Congress should confirm all these selections to the State, that this gigantic 
 scheme of fraud and plunder might be stopped. The act of Congress of 
 March 3, 1857, was designed to accomplish this purpose. But the Commis- 
 sioner of the General Lan<i Office held that it was only a qualified confirma- 
 tion, and under this construction sought to sustain the action of the Department 
 in rejecting the claim of the State, and certifying them under act of May 15, 
 1850, under which the railroad companies claimed all swamp land in odd num- 
 bered sections within the limits of their respective roads. This action led to 
 serious conq)li cations. AVlien the railroad grant was made, it was not intended 
 nor was it understood that it included any of the swamp lands. These were 
 already disposed of by previous grant. Nor did the companies expect to 
 receive any of them, but under the decisions of the Department adverse to the 
 State the way was opened, and they were not slow to enter their claims. March 
 4, 18G2, the Attorney General of the State submitted to the General Assembly 
 an opinion that the railroad companies were not entitled even to contest the 
 right of the State to these lands, under the swamp land grant. A letter from 
 the Acting Connnissioner of the General Land Office expressed the same 
 opinion, and the (ieneral Assembly by joint resolution, approved April 7, 1862, 
 expressly re])U(liated the acts of the railroad companies, and disclaimed any 
 intention to claim these lands under any other than the act of Congress of 
 Sept. 28, 1850. A great deal of legislation has been found necessary in rela- 
 tion to these swamp lands. 
 
 IX. — THE RAILROAD GRANT. 
 
 One of the most important grants of public lands to Iowa for purposes of 
 internal improvement was that known as the "Railroad Grant," by act of 
 Congress approved May 15, 1856. This act granted to the State of Iowa, for 
 the purpose of aiding in the construction of railroads from Burlington, on the 
 Mississippi River, to a point on the ^lissouri River, near the mouth of Platte 
 River; from the city of Davenport, via Iowa City and Fort Des Moines to 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 213 
 
 Council Bluffs; from Lyons City northwesterly to a point of intersection .vith 
 the main line of the Iowa Central Air Line Railroad, near Maquoketa ; thence 
 on said main line, running as near as practicable to the Forty-second Parallel ; 
 across the said State of Iowa to the Missouri River ; from the city of Dubuque 
 to a point on the Missouri River, near Sioux City, with a branch from the 
 mouth of the Tete des Morts, to the nearest point on said road, to be c )m- 
 pleted as soon as the main road is completed to that point, every alternate section 
 of land, designated by odd numbers, for six sections in width on each si'ie of 
 said roads. It was also provided that if it should appear, when the lines of those 
 roads were definitely fixed, that the United States had sold, or right of })re- 
 emption had attached to any portion of said land, the State was authorized to 
 select a quantity equal thereto, in alternate sections, or parts of sections, within 
 fifteen miles of the lines so located. The lands remaining to tlie United States 
 within six miles on each side of said roads were not to be sold for less than the 
 double minimum price of the public lands when sold, nor were any of said lands 
 to become subject to private entry until they had been first offered at public 
 sale at the increased price. 
 
 Section 4 of the act provided that the lands granted to said State shall be 
 disposed of by said State only in the manner following, that is to say : that a 
 quantity of land not exceeding one hundred and twenty sections for each of said 
 roads, and included within a continuous length of twenty mihs of each of said 
 roads, may be sold ; and when the Governor of said State shall certify to the 
 Secretary of the Interior that any twenty continuous miles of any of said roads 
 is completed, then another quantity of land hereby granted, not to exceed one 
 hundred and twenty sections for each of said roads having twenty continuous 
 miles completed as aforesaid, and included within a continuous length of twenty 
 miles of each of such roads, may be sold ; and so from time to time until said 
 roads are completed, and if any of said roads are not completed within ten 
 years, no further sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the 
 United States." 
 
 At a special session of the General Assembly of Iowa, by act approved July 
 14, 1856, the grant was accepted and the lands were granted by the State to 
 the several railroad companies named, provided that the lines of their respective 
 roads should be definitely fixed and located before April 1, 1857 ; and pro- 
 vided further, that if either of said companies should fail to have seventy-five 
 miles of road completed and equipped by the 1st day of December, 1859, and 
 its entire road completed by December 1, 1865, it should be competent for the 
 State of Iowa to resume all rights to lands remaining undisposed of by the 
 company so failing. 
 
 The railroad companies, with the single exception of the Iowa Central Air 
 Line, accepted the several grants in accordance with the provisions of the above 
 act, located their respective roads and selected their lands. The grant to the 
 Iowa Central Avas again granted to the Cedar Rapids & JNIissouri River Railroad 
 Company, which accepted them. 
 
 By act, approved April 7, 1862, the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Com- 
 pany was required to execute a release to the State of certain swamp and school 
 lands, included within tlie limits of its grant, in compensation for an extension 
 of the time fixed for the completion of its road. 
 
 A careful examination of the act of Congress does not reveal any special 
 reference to railroad companies. The lands were granted to the State, and the 
 act evidently contemplate the sale of i\\em hy the State, and the appropriation 
 of the proceeds to aid in the construction of certain lines of railroad within its 
 
214 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 limits. Section 4 of the act clearly defines the authority of the State in dis- 
 posing of the lands. -n ^ ^ 
 
 Lists of all the lands embraced by the grant were made, and certified to the 
 State by the jjroper authorities. Under an act of Congress approved August 3, 
 l.No4, e'ntitled ''An act to vest in the several States and Territories the title in 
 fee of the lands ivhich have been or may he certified to them," these certified lists, 
 the originals of which are filed in the General Land Office, conveyed to the State 
 "the fee simple title to all the lands embraced in such lists that are of the char- 
 acter contemplated" by the terms of the act making the grant, and "intended 
 to be granted thereby ; but where lands embraced in such lists are not of the 
 character embraced by such act of Congress, and were not intended to be granted 
 thereby, said lists, so far as these lands are concerned, shall be perfectly null 
 and void; and no right, title, claim or interest shall be conveyed thereby." 
 Those certified lists made under the act of May 15, 1856, were forty-three in 
 number, viz.: For the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad, nine ; for the 
 Mississippi & jMissouri Railroad, 11 ; for the Iowa Central Air Linb, thirteen ; 
 and for the Dubu(}ue & Sioux City Railroad, ten. The lands thus approved to 
 the State were as follows : 
 
 Burlington & Missouri River R. R 287,095.34 acres. 
 
 Mississippi & Missouri River R. K 774,674.36 " 
 
 Cedar Rapids & Missouri River R. R 775,454.19 " 
 
 Dubuque & bioux City R. R 1,226,558.32 " 
 
 A portion of these had been selected as swamp lands by the State, under 
 the act of September 28, 1850, and these, by the terms of the act of August 3, 
 l!^54, could not be turned over to the railroads unless the claim of the State to 
 them as swamp was first rejected. It was not possible to determine from the 
 records of the State Land Office the extent of the conflicting claims arising under' 
 the two grants, as copies of the swamp land selections in some of the counties 
 were not filed of record. The Commissioner of the General Land Office, however, 
 prepared lists of the lands claimed by the State as swamp under act of September 
 28, 1850, and also claimed by the railroad companies under act of May 15, 
 1850, amounting to 553,293.33 acres, the claim to which as swamp had been 
 rejected by the Department. These were consequently certified to the State as 
 railroad lands. There was no mode other than the act of July, 1856, prescribed 
 for transferring the title to these lands from the State to the companies. The 
 courts had decided that, for the purposes of the grant, the lands belonged to the 
 State, and to her the companies should look for their titles. It was generally 
 accepted that the act of the Legislature of July, 1856, was all that was neces- 
 sary to complete the transfer of title. It was assumed that all the rights and 
 powers conferred upon the State by the act of Congress of May 14, 1856, were 
 by the act of the General Assembly transferred to the companies ; in other 
 words, that it was designed to put the companies in the place of the State as the 
 grantees from Congress — and, therefore, that which perfected the title thereto 
 to the State perfected the title to the companies by virtue of the act of July, 
 1856. One of th(! companies, however, the Burlington & Missouri River Rail- 
 road Company, was not entirely satisfied with this construction. Its managers 
 thought that some further and specific action of the State authorities in addition 
 to the act of the Legislature w:is necessary to complete their title. This induced 
 Gov. Lowe to attach to the certified lists his official certificate, under the broad 
 seal of the State. On the 9th of November, 1859, the Governor thus certified 
 to^them (commencing at the Missouri River) 187,207.44 acres, and December 
 27th, 43,775.70 acres, an aggregate of 231,073.14 acres. These were the only 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 215 
 
 lands under the grant tliat were certified by the State authorities with any 
 design of perfecting the title already vested in the company by the act of July, 
 1856. The lists which were afterward furnished to the company were simply 
 certified by the Governor as being correct copies of the lists received by the 
 State from the United States General Land Office. These subsequent lists 
 embraced lands that had been claimed by the State under the Swamp Land 
 Grant. 
 
 It was urged against the claim of the Companies that the effect of the act 
 of the Legislature was simply to substitute them for the State as parties to the 
 grant. 1st. That the lands were granted to the State to be held in trust for the 
 accomplishment of a specific purpose, and therefore the State could not part 
 with the title until that purpose should have been accomplished. 2d. That it 
 was not the intention of the act of July 14, 1856, to deprive the State of the con- 
 trol of the lands, but on the contrary that she should retain supervision of them 
 and the right to withdraw all rights and powers and resume the title condition- 
 ally conferred by that act upon the companies in the event of their failure to 
 complete their part of the contract. 3d. That the certified lists from the Gen- 
 eral Land Office vested the title in the State only by virtue of the act of Con- 
 gress approved August 3, 1854. The State Land Office held that the proper 
 construction of the act of July 14, 1856, when accepted by the companies, was 
 that it became a conditional contract that might ripen into a positive sale of the 
 lands as from time to time the work should progress, and as the State thereby 
 became authorized by the express terms of the grant to sell them. 
 
 This appears to have been the correct construction of the act, but by a sub- 
 sequent act of Congress, approved June 2, 1864, amending the act of 1856, the 
 terms of the grant Avere changed, and numerous controversies arose between the 
 companies and the State. 
 
 The ostensible purpose of this additional act was to allow the Davenport k 
 Council Bluffs Railroad " to modify or change the location of the uncompleted 
 portion of its line," to run through the town of Newton, Jasper County, or as 
 nearly as practicable to that point. The original grant had been made to the 
 State to aid in the construction of railroads within its limits and not to the com- 
 panies, but Congress, in 1864, appears to have been utterly ignorant of what 
 had been done under the act of 1856, or, if not, to have utterly disregarded it. 
 The State had accepted the original grant. The Secretary of the Interior had 
 already certified to the State all the lands intended to be included in the grant 
 within fifteen miles of the lines of the several railroads. It will be remembered 
 that Section 4, of the act of May 15, 1856, specifies the manner of sale of 
 these lands from time to time as work on the railroads should progress, and also 
 provided that " if any of said roads are not completed Avithin ten years, no fur- 
 ther sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the United States." 
 Having vested the title to these lands in trust, in the State of Iowa, it is plain 
 that until the expiration of the ten years there could be no reversion, and the 
 State, not the United States, must control them until the grant should expire 
 by limitation. The United States authorities could not rightfully re([uire the 
 Secretary of the Interior to certify directly to the companies any portion of 
 the lands already certified to the State. And yet Congress, by its act of June 
 2, 1864, provided that whenever the Davenport & Council Bluffs Railroad Com- 
 pany should file in the General Land Office at Washington a map definitely 
 showing such new location, the Secretary of the Interior should cause to be cer- 
 tified and conveyed to said Company, from time to time, as the road progressed, 
 out of any of the lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved, or 
 
210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 otherwise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had 
 not attached, and on which a bona fide settlement and improvement had not 
 been made under color of title derived from tlie United States or from the State 
 of Iowa, Avithin six miles of such newly located line, an amount of land per 
 mile e^ual to that originally authorized to be granted to aid in the construction 
 of said road by the act to which this was an amendment. 
 
 Tlie term " out of any lands belonging to the United States, not sold, re- 
 served or otherwise disposed of, etc.," would seem to indicate that Congress did 
 intend to grant lands already granted, but when it declared that the Company 
 should have an amount per mile equal to that originally authorized to be grantid, 
 it is plain that the framers of the bill were ignorant of the real terms of the 
 original grant, or that they designed that the United States should resume the 
 title it had ah-oady ])arted with two years before the lands could revert to the 
 United States under the original act, which was not repealed. 
 
 A similar change was made in relation to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri 
 Railroad, and dictated the conveyance of lands in a similar manner. 
 
 Like provision was made for the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, and the 
 Company was permitted to change the location of its line between Fort Dodge 
 and Sioux City, so as to secure the best route between those points; but this 
 change of location was not to impair the right to the land granted in the orig- 
 inal act, nor did it change the location of those lands. 
 
 By the same act, the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad Company was author- 
 ized to transfer and assign all or any part of the grant to any other company or 
 person, " if, in the opinion of said Company, the construction of said railroad 
 across the State of Iowa would be thereby sooner and more satisfactorily com- 
 pleted ; but such assignee should not in any case be released from the liabilities 
 and conditions accompanying this grant, nor acquire perfect title in any other 
 manner than the same would have been acquired by the original grantee." 
 
 Still further, the Buidington & Mis-'Ouri River Railroad was not forgotten, 
 and was, by the same act, empowered to receive an amount of land per mile 
 e(|ual to that mentioned in the original act, and if that could not be found within 
 the limits of six miles from the line of said road, then such selection might 
 be made along such line within twenty miles thereof out of any public lands 
 belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of, or 
 to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had not attached. 
 
 Those acts of Congress, which evidently originated in the "lobby," occa- 
 sioned much controversy and trouble. The Department of the Interior, how- 
 ever, recognizing the fact that wiien the Secretary had certified the lands to the 
 State, under the act of 18o6, that act divested the United States of title, under 
 the vesting act of August, 1854, refused to review its action, and also refused 
 to order any and all investigations for establishing adverse claims (except in 
 pre-emption cases), on the ground that the United States had parted with the 
 title, and, therefore, could exercise no control over the land. 
 
 May 12, IHOI, before the passage of the amendatory act above described, 
 Congress granted to the State of Iowa, to aid in the construction of a railroad 
 from McGregor to Sioux City, and for the benefit of the McGregor Western 
 Radroad Company, every alternate section of land, designated by odd numbers, 
 for ten sections in width on each side of the proposed road, reserving the right 
 to substitute other lands whenever it was found that the grant infringed upon 
 pre-empted lands, or on lands that had been reserved or disposed of for any other 
 purpose. In such cases, the Secretary of the Interior was instructed to select, in 
 lieu, lands belonging to the United States lying nearest to the limits specified. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 217 
 
 X. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM LANDS. 
 
 An Agricultural College and Model Farm was established by act of the 
 General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. By the eleventh section of the 
 act, the proceeds of the five-section grant, made for the purpose of aiding in the 
 erection of public buildings was appropriated, subject to the approval of Con- 
 gress, together with all lands that Congress might thereafter grant to the State 
 for the purpose, for the benefit of the institution. On the 23d of March, by 
 joint resolution, the Legislature asked the consent of Congress to the proposed 
 transfer. By act approved July 11, 1862, Congress removed the restrictions 
 imposed in the "five-section grant," and authorized the General Assembly to 
 make such disposition of the lands as should be deemed best for the interests of 
 the State. By these several acts, the five sections of land in Jasper County 
 certified to the State to aid in the erection of public buildings under the act of 
 March 3, 1845, entitled ^ An act supplemental to the act for the admission of 
 the States of Iowa and Florida into the Union," were fully appropriated for 
 the benefit of the Iowa Agricultural College and Farm. The institution is 
 located in Story County. Seven hundred and twenty-one acres in that and 
 two hundred in Boone County were donated to it by individuals interested in 
 the -success of the enterprise. 
 
 By act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, an appropriation was made to 
 each State and Territory of 30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative 
 in Congress, to which, by the apportionment under the census of 1860, they 
 were respectively entitled. This grant was made for the purpose of endowing 
 colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts. 
 
 Iowa accepted this grant by an act passed at an extra session of its Legis- 
 lature, approved September 11, 1862, entitled "An act to accept of the grant, 
 and carry into execution the trust conferred upon the State of Iowa by an act 
 of Congress entitled ' An act granting public lands to the several States and 
 Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the 
 mechanic arts,' approved July 2, 1862." This act made it the duty of the 
 Governor to appoint an agent to select and locate the lands, and provided 
 tliat none should be selected that were claimed by any county as swamp 
 lauds. The agent was required to make report of his doings to the Governor, 
 who was instructed to submit the list of selections to the Board of Trustees of 
 the Agricultural College for their approval. One thousand dollars were appro- 
 priated to carry the law into effect. The State, having two Senators and six 
 Representatives in Congress, was entitled to 240,000 acres of land under tliis 
 grant, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining an Agricultural College. 
 Peter Melendy, Esq., of Black Hawk County, 'was appointed to make the selec- 
 tions, and during August, September and December, 1863, located them in the 
 Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Sioux City Land Districts. December 8, 1864, 
 these selections were certified by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, 
 and were approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior December 13, 
 1864. The title to these lands was vested in the State in fee simple, and con- 
 flicted with no other claims under other grants. 
 
 The agricultural lands were approved to the State as 240,000.96 acres; but 
 as 35,691.66 acres were located within railroad limits, which were computed at 
 the rate of two acres for one, the actual amount of land approved to the State 
 under this grant was only 204,309.30 acres, located as follows: 
 
 In Des Moines Land District 6,804.96 acres. 
 
 In Sioux City Land District .50,025.37 " 
 
 In Fort Dodge Land District 138,478.97 " 
 
218 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 By act of the General Assembly, approved March 29, 1864, entitled, ^ An 
 act authorizing the Trustees of the Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm 
 to sell all lands acquired, granted, donated or appropriated for the benefit of 
 said collcf^e, and to make an investment of the proceeds thereof," all these lands 
 were granted to the Agricultural College and Farm, and the Trustees were au- 
 thorized to take possession, and sell or lease them. They were then, under the 
 control of the Trustees, lands as follows : 
 
 Under the act of July 2. 1852 ^"J'S n^ *°'"^'' 
 
 Of the tive-section grant 7o?nn 
 
 Lands donated in Story County onAnr! '! 
 
 Lands donated in Boone County ^00.00 ' 
 
 Total 208,430.30 acres. 
 
 The Trustees opened an oflBce at Fort Dodge, and appointed Hon. G. W- 
 Bassett their agent for the sale of these lands. 
 
 THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 The germ pf the free public school system of Iowa, which now ranks sec- 
 ond to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers. They had 
 migrated to the " The Beautiful Land" from other and older States, where the 
 common school system had been tested by many years' experience, bringing 
 with them some knowledge of its advantages, which they determined should be 
 enjoyed by the children of the land of their adoption. The system thus planted 
 was expanded and improved in the broad fields of the West, until now it is 
 justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the 
 country. 
 
 Nor is this to bo wondered at when it is remembered humble log school 
 houses were built almost as soon as the log cabin of the earliest settlers were 
 occupied by their bi'ave builders. In the lead mining regions of the State, the 
 first to be occupied by the white race, the hardy pioneers provided the means 
 for the education of their children even before they had comfortable dwellings 
 for their families. School teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa. 
 Wherever a little settlement was made, the school house was the first united 
 jiuljlic act of the settlers; and the rude, primitive structures of the early time 
 only disappeared when the communities had increased in population and wealth, 
 and were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. 
 Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the State of Iowa 
 been more marked and rapid than in her common school system and in her school 
 iiouses, which, long since, superseded the log cabins of the first settlers. To- 
 day, the school houses which everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of 
 Iowa are unsurpassed liy those of any other State in the great Union. More 
 especially is this true in all her cities and villages, where liberal and lavish 
 appropriations have been voted, by a generous people, for the erection of large, 
 (M)mmodiou3 and elegant buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements, 
 and costing from $lt),0()0 to $60,000 each. The people of the State have ex- 
 pended more than 5?1 0,000,000 for the erection of puljlic school buildings. 
 
 The first house erected in Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by James 
 L. Liingworthy and a few other miners, in the Autumn of 1833. When it was 
 completed, George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the Winter of 
 1S.S8-4, and thirty-five pupils attended his school. Barrett Whittemore taught 
 the second term with twenty-five pupils in attendance. Mrs. Caroline Dexter 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 219 
 
 commenced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female 
 teachei- there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839, Thomas H. Benton, 
 Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an 
 English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax fn* the support of 
 schools at Dubuque ay as levied in 1840. 
 
 Among the first buildings erected at Burlington was a commodious log scliool 
 house in 1834, in which Mr. Johnson Pierson taught the first school in the 
 Winter of 1834-5. 
 
 The first school in Muscatine County was taught by George Bumgardner, 
 in the Spring of 1837, and in 1839, a log school house was erected in Musca- 
 tine, which served for a long time for school house, church and public hall. 
 The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa 
 Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. 
 
 When the site of Iowa City was selected as the capital of the Territory of 
 Iowa, in May, 1839, it was a perfect wilderness. The first sale of lots took 
 place August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about tAventy famdies had 
 settled within the limits of the town ; and during the same year, Mr. Jesse 
 Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected, on what is now 
 College street. 
 
 The first settlement in Monroe County was made in 1843, by Mr. John R. 
 Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the Summer 
 of 1844, a log school house was built by Gray, William V. Beedle, C. Renfro, 
 Joseph McMullen and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school was opened 
 by Miss Urania Adams. The building was occupied for school purposes for 
 nearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a 
 log school house was built, in which school was opened by Samuel W. Caldwell 
 in 1844. 
 
 At Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was 
 taught by Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District Court in the Winter of 1846-7, 
 in one of the rooms on " Coon Row," built for barracks. 
 
 The first school in Pottawattomie County was opened by George Green, a 
 Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849 ; and until about 1854, nearly, if not 
 quite, all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. 
 
 The first school in Decorah Avas taught in 1853, by T. W. Burdick, then a 
 young man of seventeen. In Osceola, the first school Avas opened by Mr. D. 
 W. Scoville. The first school at Fort Dodge was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C. 
 Carpenter, since Governor of the State. In Crawford County, the first school 
 house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied 
 it as teacher. 
 
 During the first twenty years of the history of Iowa, the log school house pre- 
 vailed, and in 1861, there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for 
 school purposes in the State. Since that time they have been gradually dis- 
 appearing. In 1865, there were 796; in 1870, 336, and in 1875, 121. 
 
 Iowa Territory Avas created July 3, 1838. January 1, 1839, the Territorial 
 Legislature passed an act pi'oviding that " there shall be established a common 
 school, or schools in each of the counties in this Territory, which shall be 
 open and free for every class of white citizens betAveen the ages of five and 
 twenty-one years." The second section of the act provided that "the County 
 Board shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective counties 
 whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the 
 voters resident within such contemplated district." These districts ay ere gov- 
 erned by boards of trustees, usually of three persons ; each district was required 
 
220 HISTORY OF THE STATK OF IOWA. 
 
 to inaiutain school at least tlirce inontlis in every year ; and later, laws were 
 enacted providing for county school taxes for the payment of teachers, and that 
 whatever additional sum might be required should be assessed upon the parents 
 sending, in jiroportion to the length of time sent. 
 
 When Iowa Territory became a State, in 1846, with a population of 100,- 
 000, and witii 20,000 scholars within its limits, about four hundred school dis- 
 tricts had been organized. In 1850, there were 1,200, and in 1857, the 
 number had increased to 3,265. 
 
 In March, 1858, upon the recommendation of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Su- 
 perintendent of Public Instruction, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that 
 " each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should 
 be divided into sub-districts. This law^ went into force March 20, 1858, and 
 reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. 
 
 This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of 
 the expenditures for the compensation of District Secretaries and Treasurers. 
 An effort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub- 
 district system. Mr. Kiss -11, Superintendent, recommended, in his report of 
 January 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual 
 message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of inde- 
 pendent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. 
 
 The system of graded schools was inaugurated in 1849 ; and new schools, in 
 which more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. 
 
 The first official mention of Teachers' Institutes in the educational records 
 of Iowa occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made 
 December 2, 1850, who said, "An institution of this character was organized a 
 few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, 
 Wisconsin and Iowa. vXn association of teachers has, also, been formed in the 
 county of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular 
 institute in the county of Jones." At that time — although the beneficial 
 inlluence of these institutes was admitted, it was urged that the expenses of 
 attending them was greater than teachers with limited compensation were able 
 to bear. To obviate this objection, Mr. Benton recommended that '' the sum of 
 ^150 should be appropriated annually for three years, to be drawn in install- 
 ments of $50 each by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and expended 
 for these institutions." He proposed that three institutes should be held annu- 
 ally at points to be designated by the Superintendent. 
 
 No legislation in this direction, however, was had until March, 1858, when 
 an act was passed authorizing the holding of teachers' institutes for periods not 
 less than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teachers sliould desire. 
 The Sui)erintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one 
 institute, to be paid out by the County Superintendent as the institute might 
 <lirect for teachers and lecturers, and one thousand dollars was appropriated to 
 defray the expenses of these institutes. 
 
 December 6, 1858, Mr. Fisher reported to the Board of Education that 
 institutes had ])ecn a))p()inted in twenty counties within the preceding six months, 
 and more would have been, but the appropriation had been exhausted. 
 
 The Board of Education at its first session, commencing December 6, 1858, 
 enacted a code of school laws Avhich retained the existing provisions for teachers' 
 institutes. 
 
 In March, 1860, the General Assembly amended the act of the Board by 
 appropriating " a sum not exceeding fifty dollars annually for one such institute, 
 held as provided by law in each countv."' 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 221 
 
 In 1865, Mr. Faville reported that " the provision made by the State for the 
 benefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the 
 people and the teachers, as during the last two years." 
 
 By act approved March 19, 1874, Normal Institutes were established in 
 each county, to be held annually by the County Superintendent. This was 
 regarded as a very decided step in advance by Mr. Abernethy, and in 1876 the 
 Sixteenth General Assembly established the first permanent State Normal 
 School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and 
 property of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place for that purpose. This 
 school is noAV " in tlie full tide of successful experiment." 
 
 The public school system of Iowa is admirably organizM, and if the various 
 officers Avho are entrusted with the educational interests of the commonwealth 
 are faithful and competent, should and will constantly improve. 
 
 " The public schools are supported by funds arising from several sources. 
 The sixteenth section of every Congressional Township was set apart by the 
 General Government for school purposes, being one-thirty-sixth part of all the 
 lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar 
 and twenty-five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to 
 the State of five hundred thousand acres, and an appropriation of five per cent, 
 on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this 
 fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands Aviiich escheat to it ; the proceeds of 
 all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived 
 from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which 
 cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The penalties collected by the courts 
 for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties wliere collected. 
 The proceeds of the sale of lands and the five per cent, fund go into the State 
 Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties accord- 
 ing to their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for long 
 terms at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued at three times the 
 amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings and improvements thereon. The 
 interest on these loans is paid into the State Treasury, and becomes the avail- 
 able school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all 
 money so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all 
 moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on these loans is apportioned 
 by the State Auditor semi-annually to the several counties of the State, in pro- 
 portion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. 
 The counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned 
 to the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also 
 levied for the same purpose. The money arising from these several sources 
 constitutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable 
 every sub-district in the State to afford from six to nine months' school 
 each year." 
 
 The taxes levied for the support of schools are self-imposed. Under the 
 admirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be legally assessed or collected 
 for the erection of school houses until they have been ordered by the election of 
 the district at a school meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are 
 the ])ride of the State and an honor to the people. If they have been some- 
 times built at a prodigal expense, the tax payers have no one to blame but 
 themselves. The teachers' and contingent funds are determined by the Board of 
 Directors under certain legal restrictions. These boards are elected annually, 
 except in the independent districts, in which the board may be entirely changed 
 every three years. The only exception to this mode of levying taxes for support 
 
222 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 of schools is the county school tax, which is determined by the County Board 
 of Supervisors. The tax is from one to three mills on the dollar ; usually, 
 however, but one. Mr. Abernethy, who was Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion from 1872 to 1877, said in one of his reports : 
 
 There is but little opposition to the levy of taxes for the support of schools, and there 
 would be still less if the funds were always properly guarded and judiciously expended. How- 
 ever much our people disagree upon other subjects, they are practically united upon this. 
 The opposition of wealth has long since ceased to exist, and our wealthy men are usually the 
 most liberal in their views and the most active friends of popular education.^ They are often 
 found upon our school boards, and usually make the best of school officers. It is not uncommon 
 for Boards of Directors, especially in the larger towns and cities, to be composed wholly of men 
 who represent the enterprise, wealth and business of their cities. 
 
 At the close of 1877, there were 1,086 township districts, 3,138 indepen- 
 dent districts and 7,015 sub-districts. There were 9,948 ungraded and 47G 
 graded schools, Avith an average annual session of seven months and five days. 
 There were 7,348 male teachers employed, whose average compensation Avas 
 ^34.88 per month, and 12,518 female teachers, with an average compensation 
 of ^28.69 per month. 
 
 The number of persons between the ages 5 and 21 years, in 1877, was 
 667,859; number enrolled in public schools, 421,163; total average attendance, 
 251,372; average cost of tuition per month, $1.62. There are 9,279 frame, 
 671 brick, 257 stone and 89 log school houses, making a grand total of 10,296, 
 valued at $9,044,973. The public school libraries number 17,329 volumes. 
 Ninety-nine teachers' institutes were held during 1877. Teachers' salaries 
 amounted to $2,953,645. There was expended for school houses, grounds, 
 libraries and apparatus, $1,106,788, and for fuel and other contingencies, 
 $1,136,995, making the grand total of $5,197,428 expended by the generous 
 people of Iowa for the support of their magnificent public schools in a single 
 year. The amount of the permanent school fund, at the close of 1877, was 
 $3,462,000. Annual interest, $276,960. 
 
 In 1857, there were 3,265 independent districts, 2,708 ungraded schools, 
 and 1,572 male and 1,424 female teachers. Teachers' salaries amounted to 
 $198,142, and the total expenditures for schools was only $364,515. Six hun- 
 dred and twenty-three volumes were the extent of the public school libraries 
 twenty years ago, and there were only 1,686 school houses, valued at $571,064. 
 
 In twenty years, teachers' salaries have increased from $198,142, in 1857, 
 to $2,953,645 in 1877. Total school expenditures, from $364,515 to 
 $5,197,428. 
 
 The significance of such facts as these is unmistakable. Such lavish expen- 
 ditures can only be accounted for by the liberality and public spirit of the 
 people, all of whom manifest their love of popular education and their faith in 
 the public schools by the annual dedication to their support of more than one 
 per cent, of their entire taxable property; this, too, uninterruptedly through a 
 series of years, commencing in the midst of a war which taxed their energies and 
 resources to the extreme, and continuing through years of general depression in 
 business — years of moderate yield of produce, of discouragingly low prices, and 
 even amid the scanty surrouri(lino;s and privations of pioneer life. Few human 
 enterprises have a grander significance or give evidence of a more noble purpose 
 t.iian the generous contributions from the scanty resources of the pioneer for the 
 purposes of public education. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 223 
 
 POLITICAL RECORD. 
 
 TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. 
 
 G-overnors — Robert Lucas, 1838-41 ; John Chambers, 1841-45 ; James 
 Clarke, 1845. 
 
 Secretaries — William B. Conway, 1838, died 1839 ; James Clarke, 1839 ; 
 0. H. W. Stull, 1841 ; Samuel J. Burr, 1843 ; Jesse Williams, 1845. 
 
 Auditors — Jesse Williams, 1840 ; Wm. L. Gilbert, 1843 • Robert M. 
 Secrest, 1845. 
 
 Treasurer's — Thornton Bayliss, 1839 ; Morgan Reno, 1840. 
 
 Judges — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838 ; Joseph Williams, 1838 ; 
 Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. 
 
 Presidents of Council — Jesse B. Browne, 1838-i) ; Stephen Hempstead, 
 1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840-1; Jonathan W. Parker, 1841-2; John D. 
 Elbert, 1842-3 ; Thomas Cox, 1843-4 ; S. Clinton Hastings, 1845 ; Stephen 
 Hempstead, 1845-6. 
 
 Speakers of the House — William H. Wallace, 1838-9 ; Edward Johnston, 
 1839-40 ; Thomas Cox, 1840-1 ; Warner Lewis, 1841-2 ; James M. Morgan, 
 1842-3; James P. Carleton, 1843-4; James M. Morgan, 1845; George W. 
 McCleary, 1845-6. 
 
 First Constitutional Convention^ 184-4- — Shepherd Leffler, President ; Geo. 
 S. Hampton, Secretary. 
 
 Second Constitutional Convention^ 1846 — Enos Lowe, President ; William 
 Thompson, Secretary. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Governors — Ansel Briggs, 1846 to 1850 ; Stephen Hempstead, 1850 to 
 1854; James W. Grimes, 1854 to 1858; Ralph P. Lowe, 1858 to 1860; Sam- 
 uel J. Kirkwood, 1860 to 1864 ; William M. Stone, 1864 to 1868 ; Samuel 
 Morrill, 1868 to 1872 ; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872 to 1876 ; Samuel J. Kirk- 
 wood, 1876 to 1877; Joshua G. Newbold, Acting, 1877 to 1878; John H. 
 Gear, 1878 to . 
 
 Lieutenant Governor — Office created by the new Constitution September 3, 
 1857— Oran Faville, 1858-9 ; Nicholas J. Rusch, 1860-1 ; John R. Needham, 
 1862-3; Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-5; Benjamin F. Gue, 1866-7; John 
 Scott, 1868-9; M. M. Walden, 1870-1; H. C. Bulis, 1872-3; Joseph Dy- 
 sart, 1874-5 ; Joshua G. Newbold, 1876-7 ; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-9. 
 
 Secretaries of State — Elisha Cutler, Jr., Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 4, 1848 ; 
 Josiah H. Bonney, Dec. 4, 1848, to Dec. 2, 1850; George W. McCleary, Dec. 
 2, 1850, to Dec. 1, 1856 ; Elijah Sells, Dec. 1, 1856, to Jan. 5, 1863 ; James 
 Wright, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Ed. Wright, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan. 6, 
 1873; Josiah T. Young, Jan. 6, 1873, to . 
 
 Auditors of ,Sto«e— Joseph T. Fales, Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; Will- 
 iam Pattee, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1854 ; Andrew J. Stevens, Dec. 4, 1854, 
 resigned in 1855 ; John Pattee, Sept. 22, 1855, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Jonathan 
 W. Cattell, 1859 to 1865 ; John A. Elliot, 1865 to 1871 ; John Russell, 1871 
 to 1875 ; Buren R. Sherman, 1875 to . 
 
 Treasurers of State — Morgan Reno, Dec. 18, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; 
 Israel Kister, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1852 ; Martin L. Morris, Dec. 4, 18512, 
 to Jan. 2, 1859 ; John W. Jones, 1859 to 1863 ; William H. Holmes, 1863 to 
 
224 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 1867 : Samuel E. Rankin, 1867 to 1873 ; William Christy, 1873 to 1877 ; 
 George AV. Bemis, 1877 to . 
 
 Superintendents of Public Instruction— Of^ce created in 1847— James Harlan, 
 June 5, 1845 (Supreme Court decided election void) ; Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 
 May 23, 1844, to June 7, 1854 ; James D. Eads, 1854-7 ; Joseph C. Stone, 
 March to June, 1857 ; Maturin L. Fisher, 1857 to Dec, 1858, when the office 
 was abolished and the duties of the office devolved upon the Secretary of the 
 Board of Education. 
 
 Secretaries of Board of Education — Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 1859-1863; 
 Oran Faville, Jan. 1, 1864. Board abolished March 23, 1864. 
 
 Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office re-created March 23, 1864 — 
 Oran Faville, March 28, 1864, resigned March 1, 1867 ; D. Franklin Wells, 
 March 4, 1867, to Jan., 1870 ; A. S. Kissell, 1870 to 1872 ; Alonzo Abernethy, 
 1872 to 1877 ; Carl W. Von Coelln, 1877 to . 
 
 State Binders— Of^ce created February 21, 1855— William M. Coles, May 
 1, 1855, to May 1, 1859 ; Frank M. Mills, 1859 to 1867 ; James S. Carter, 
 1867 to 1870; J. J. Smart, 1870 to 1874; H. A. Perkins, 1874 to 1875; 
 James J. Smart, 1875 to 1876 ; H. A. Perkins, 1876 to . 
 
 Registers of the State Land Office — Anson Hart, May 5, 1855, to May 
 13, 1857 ; Theodore S. Parvin, May 13, 1857, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Amos B. 
 Miller, Jan. 3, 1859, to October, 1862 ; Edwin Mitchell, Oct. 31, 1862, to 
 Jan 5, 1863 ; Josiah A. Harvey, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Cyrus C. 
 Carpenter, Jan. 7, 1867, to January, 1871 ; Aaron Brown, January, 1871, to 
 to January, 1875; David Secor, January, 1875, to . 
 
 State Printers — Office created Jan. 3, 1840 — Garrett D. Palmer and 
 George Paul, 1849; William H. Merritt, 1851 to 1853; William A. Hornish, 
 1853 (resigned May 16, 1853); Mahoney & Dorr, 1853 to 1855; Peter 
 Moriarty, 1855 to 1857 ; John Teesdale, 1857 to 1861 ; Francis W. Palmer, 
 1861 to 1869; Frank M. Mills, 1869 to 1870; G. W. Edwards, 1870 to 
 
 1872 ; R. P. Clarkson, 1872 to . 
 
 Adjutants Creneral — Daniel S. Lee, 1851-5 ; Geo. W. McCleary, 1855-7 ; 
 Elijah Sells, 1857 ; Jesse Bowen, 1857-61 ; Nathaniel Baker, 1861 to 1877 ; 
 
 John H. Looby, 1877 to . 
 
 Attorneys 6rmeraZ— David C. Cloud, 1853-56 ; Samuel A. Rice, 1856-60: 
 Charles C. Nourse, 1861-4; Isaac L. Allen, 1865 (resigned January, 1866); 
 Frederick E. Bissell, 1866 (died June 12, 1867); Henry O'Connor, 1867-72; 
 Marscna E. Cutts, 1872-6 ; John F. McJunkin, 1877. 
 
 Presidents of the Senate — Thomas Baker, 1846-7 ; Thomas Hughes, 
 1848; John J. "Selman, 1848-9; Enos Lowe, 1850-1; William E. Leffing- 
 well, 1852-3; Maturin L. Fisher, 1854-5; William W. Hamilton, 1856-7. 
 Under the new Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor is President of the 
 Senate. 
 
 Speakers of the House — Jesse B. Brown, 1847-8; Smiley H. Bonhan, 
 1849-50; George Temple, 1851-2; James Grant, 1853-4; Reuben Noble, 
 1855-6 ; Samuel McFarland, 1856-7 ; Stephen B. Sheledy, 1858-9 ; John 
 Edwards, 1860-1; Rush Clark, 1862-3; Jacob Butler, 1864-5; Ed. Wright, 
 1866-7 ; John Russell, 1868-9 ; Aylett R. Cotton, 1870-1 ; James Wilson, 
 1872-3; John H. Gear, 1874-7; John Y. Stone, 1878. 
 
 New Constitutional Convention, 1859 — Francis Springer, President ; Thos. 
 J. Saunders, Secretary. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA, 225 
 
 STATE OFFICERS, 1878. 
 
 John H. Gear, Governor; Frank T. Campbell, Lieutenant Governor; Josiah 
 T. Young, Secretary of State; Buren R. Sherman, Auditor of State; George 
 W. Bemis, Treasurer of State; David Secor, Register of State Land Office; 
 John H. Looby, Adjutant General; John F. McJunken, Attorney General; 
 Mrs. Ada North, State Librarian; Edward J. Holmes, Clerk Supreme Court; 
 John S. Runnells, Reporter Supreme Court; Carl W. Von Coelln, Superintend- 
 ent Public Instruction; Richard P. Clarkson, State Printer; Henry A. Perkins, 
 State Binder; Prof. Nathan R. Leonard, Superintendent of Weights and 
 Measures; William H. Fleming, Governor's Private Secretary; Fletcher W. 
 Young, Deputy Secretary of State; John C. Parish, Deputy Auditor of State; 
 Erastus G. Morgan, Deputy Treasurer of State; John M. Davis, Deputy Reg- 
 ister Land Office; Ira C. Kling, Deputy Superintendent Public Instruction. 
 
 THE JUDICIARY. 
 
 SUPBEME COURT OF IOWA. 
 
 Chief Justices. — Charles Mason, resigned in June, 1847; Joseph Williams, 
 Jan., 1847, to Jan., 1848; S. Clinton Hastings, Jan., 1848, to Jan., 1849; Joseph 
 Williams, Jan., 1849, to Jan. 11, 1855; Geo. G. Wright, Jan. 11, 1855, to Jan., 
 1860 ; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1860, to Jan. 1, 1862 ; Caleb Baldwin, Jan., 1862, to 
 Jan., 1864; Geo. G. Wright, Jan., 1864, toJan., 1866; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1866, 
 to Jan., 1868; John F. Dillon, Jan., 1868, to Jan., 1870; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 
 1, 1870, to Jan. 1, 1871; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to Jan. 1, 1872; Joseph 
 M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1872, to Jan. 1, 1874; W. E. Miller, Jan. 1, 1874, to Jan. 1, 
 1876; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 1, 1876, to Jan. 1, 1877; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 
 1877, to Jan. 1, 1878; James H. Rothrock, Jan. 1, 1878. 
 
 Associate Judges. — Joseph Williams; Thomas S. Wilson, resigned Oct., 
 1847; John F. Kinney, June 12, 1847, resigned Feb. 15, 1854; George 
 Greene. Nov. 1, 1847, to Jan. 9, 1855; Jonathan C. Hall, Feb. 15, 1854, to 
 succeed Kinney, resigned, to Jan., 1855; William G. Woodward, Jan. 9, 1855; 
 Norman W. Isbell, Jan. 16, 1855, resigned 1856; Lacen D. Stockton, June 3, 
 1856, to succeed Isbell, resigned, died June 9, 1860; Caleb Baldwin, Jan. 11, 
 1860, to 1864 ; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan. 12, 1860 ; George G. Wright, June 26, 
 1860, to succeed Stockton, deceased; elected U. S. Senator, 1870; John F. Dil- 
 lon, Jan. 1, 1864, to succeed Baldwin, resigned, 1870; Chester C. Cole. March 
 1, 1864, to 1877; Joseph M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1868; W. E. Miller, October 11, 
 1864, to succeed Dillon, resigned; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to succeed 
 Wright. 
 
 SUPREME COURT, 1878. 
 
 James H. Rothrock, Cedar County, Chief Justice; Joseph M. Beck, Lee 
 County, Associate Justice ; Austin Adams, Dubuque County, Associate Justice ; 
 William H. Seevers, Oskaloosa County, Associate Justice; James G. Day, Fre- 
 mont County, Associate Justice. 
 
 CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION. 
 
 UNITED STATES SENATORS. 
 
 (The first General Assembly failed to elect Senators.) 
 
 George W. Jones, Dubuque, Dec. 7, 1848-1858 ; Augustus C. Dodge, Bur- 
 lington, Dec. 7, 1848-1855; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, Jan. 6, 1855-1865; 
 James W. Grimes, Burlington, Jan. 26, 1858-died 1870 ; Samuel J. KirTiwood, 
 Iowa City, elected Jan. 13, 1866, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James 
 
226 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 Harlan ; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, March 4, 1866-1872 ; James B. Howell, 
 Keokuk, elected Jan. 20, 1870, to fill vacancy caused by the death of J. W. 
 Grimes— term expired March 3d ; George G. Wright, Des Moines, March 4, 
 1871-1877; William B. Allison, Dubuque, March 4, 1872; Samuel J. Kirk- 
 wood. March 4, 1877. 
 
 MBBIBEKS OK HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 Twenty-ninth Congress— 184.6 to 184?.— S. Clinton Hastings; Shepherd 
 Lefflcr. 
 
 Thirtieth Cowiress— 184-7 to i5^P.— First District, William Thompson; 
 Second District, Shepherd Leffler. 
 
 Thirtif-first Congress— 1849 to 1851.— F'lmi District, First Session, Wm. 
 Tiioiupson ; unseated by the House of Representatives on a contest, and election 
 remanded to the people. First District, Second Session, Daniel F. Miller. 
 Second District, Shepherd Leffler. 
 
 Thirtg- second Congress — 1851 to 185S. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
 Second District. Lincoln Clark. 
 
 Thirty-third Congress — 1853 to 1855. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
 Second District, John P. Cook. 
 
 Thirty-fourth Congress — 1855 to 1857. — First District, Augustus Hall. 
 Second District, James Thorington. 
 
 Thirty-fifth Congress — 1857 to 1859.— First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
 Second District, Timothy Davis. 
 
 Thirty-sixth Congress — 1859 to 1861. — First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
 Second District, William Vandever. 
 
 Tliirty-seventh Congress — 1861 to 1863. — First District, First Session, 
 Samuel R. Curtis.* First District, Second and Third Sessions, James F. Wil- 
 son. Second District, William Vandever. 
 
 Thirty-eighth Congress — 1863 to 1865. — First District, James F. Wilson. 
 Second District, Hiram Price. Third District, William B. Allison. Fourth 
 District, Josiah B. Griunell. Fifth District, John A. Kasson. Sixth District, 
 Asahel W. Hubbard. 
 
 Thirty-ninth Congress — 1865 to 1867. — First District, James F. Wilson ; 
 Second District, Hiram Price ; Third District, William B. Allison ; Fourth 
 District, Josiah B. Grinnell ; Fifth District, John A. Kasson ; Sixth District, 
 Asahel W. Hubbard. 
 
 Fortieth Congress — 1867 to 1869. — First District, James F. Wilson ; Sec- 
 ond District, Hiram Price ; Third District, William B. Allison, Fourth District, 
 William Loughridge; Fifth District, Grenville M. Dodge; Sixth District, 
 Asahel W. Hubljard. 
 
 Forty-first Congress — 1869 to 1871. — First District, George W. McCrary ; 
 Second District, William Smyth ; Third District, William B. Allison ; Fourth 
 District, William Loughridge ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth Dis- 
 trict, Charles Pomeroy. 
 
 Forty-second Congress— 1871 to 1873.— Ywsi District, George W. Mc- 
 Crary ; Second District, Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District, W. G. Donnan ; 
 Fourth District, Madison M. Waldon ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth 
 District, Jackson Orr. 
 
 Forty-third Congress— 1873 to 1875.— Yirst District, George W. McCrary ; 
 Second District, Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District, William Y. Donnan ; Fourth 
 District, Henry 6. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson; Sixth District, 
 
 ' Vacated seat by acceptance of commission as Brigadier General, and .1. F. Wilson chosen his successor. 
 
/#xi^^ .j7r/^/^Jji/<^ 
 
 GREELEY 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 229 
 
 William Loughridge ; Seventh District, John A, Kasson ; Eighth District, 
 James W. McDill ; Ninth District, Jackson Orr. 
 
 Forty-fourth Congress — 1S75 to 1877. — First District, George W. Mc- 
 Crary ; Second District, John Q. Tufts ; Third District, L. L. Ainsworth ; 
 Fourth District, Henry 0. Pratt ; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, 
 Ezekiel S. Sampson ; Seventh District, John A. Kasson ; Eighth District, 
 James W. McDill ; Fifth District, Addison Oliver. 
 
 Forty-fifth Congress — 1877 to 1879. — First District, J. C. Stone; Second 
 District, Hiram Price ; Third District, T. W. Burdick ; Fourth District, H. C. 
 Deering ; Fifth District, Rush Clark ; Sixth District, E. S. Sampson ; 
 Seventh District, H. J. B. Cummings ; Eighth District, W. F. Sapp ; Ninth 
 District, Addison Oliver. 
 
 WAR RECORD. 
 
 The State of Iowa may vrell be proud of her record during the War of the 
 Rebellion, from 1861 to 1865. The following brief but comprehensive sketch of 
 the history she made during that trying period is largely from the pen of Col. A. 
 P. Wood, of Dubuque, the author of " The History of Iowa and the War," one 
 of the best works of the kind yet written. 
 
 " Whether in the promptitude of her responses to the calls made on her by 
 the General Government, in the courage and constancy of her soldiery in the 
 field, or in the wisdom and efficiency with which her civil administration was 
 conducted during the trying period covered by the War of the Rebellion, Iowa 
 proved herself the peer of any loyal State. The proclamation of her Governor, 
 responsive to that of the President, calling for volunteers to compose her First 
 Regiment, was issued on the fourth day after the fall of Sumter. At the end 
 of only a single week, men enough were reported to be in quarters (mostly in 
 the vicinity of their own homes) to fill the regiment. These, however, were 
 hardly more than a tithe of tlie number who had been offered by company com- 
 manders for acceptance under the President's call. So urgent were these offers 
 that the Governor requested (on the 24th of April) permission to organize an 
 additional regiment. While awaiting an answer to this request, he conditionally 
 accepted a sufficient number of companies to compose two additional regiments. 
 In a short time, he was notified that both of these would be accepted. Soon 
 after the completion of the Second and Third Regiments (which was near the 
 close of May), the Adjutant General of the State reported that upward of one 
 hundred and seventy companies had been tendered to the Governor to serve 
 against the enemies of the Union. 
 
 " Much difficulty and considerable delay occured in fitting these regiments 
 for the field. For the First Infantry a complete outfit (not uniform) of clothino- 
 was extemporized — principally by the volunteered labor of loyal Avomen in the 
 different towns — from material of various colors and qualities, obtained within 
 the limits of the State. The same was done in part for the Second Infantry. 
 Meantime, an extra session of the General Assemblv had been called by the 
 Governor, to convene on the 15th of May. With but little delay, that body 
 authorized a loanof |800,000, to meet the extraordinary expenses incurred, and 
 to be incurred, by the Executive Department, in consequence of the new emer- 
 gency. A wealthy merchant of the State (Ex-Governor Merrill, then a resident 
 of McGregor) immediately took from the Governor a contract to supply a com- 
 plete outfit of clothing for the three regiments organized, agreeing to receive, 
 .should the Governor so elect, his pay therefor in State bonds at par. This con- 
 
230 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 tract he executed to the letter, and a portion of the clothing (which was manu- 
 factured in Boston, to his order) was delivered at Keokuk, the place at which 
 the troops had rendezvoused, in exactly one month from the day on which the 
 contract had been entered into. The remainder arrived only a few days later. 
 This clothing was delivered to the regiment, but was subsequently condemned 
 by the Government, for the reason that its color was gray, and blue had been 
 adopted as the color to be worn by the national troops." 
 
 Other States also clothed their troops, sent forward under the first call of 
 President Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was soon found that the con- 
 federate forces were also clothed in gray, and that color was at once abandoned 
 by the Union troops. If both armies were clothed alike, annoying if not fatal 
 mistakes were liable to be made. 
 
 But Miiile engaged in these efforts to discharge her whole duty in common with 
 all the other UiiTon-loving States in the great emergency, Iowa was compelled 
 to make immediate and ample provision for the protection of her own borders, 
 from threatened invasion on the south by the Secessionists of Missouri, and 
 from dantrer of incursions from the west and northwest by bands of hostile 
 Indians, who were freed from the usual restraint imposed upon them by the 
 presence of regular troops stationed at the frontier posts. These troops were 
 withdrawn to meet the greater and more pressing danger threatening the life of 
 the nation at its very heart. 
 
 To provide for the adequate defense of her borders from the ravages of both 
 rebels in arms against the Government and of the more irresistible foes from 
 the Western plains, the Governor of the State was authorized to raise and equip 
 two regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry (not less than five companies) 
 and a battalion of artillery (not less than three companies.) Only cavalry were 
 enlisted for home defense, however, "but," says Col. Wood, "in times of special 
 danger, or when calls were made by the Unionists of Northern Missouri tor 
 assistance against their disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often 
 turned out, and remained in the field until the necessity for their services had 
 passed. 
 
 " The first order for the Iowa volunteers to move to the field was received 
 on the 13th of June. It was issued by Gen. Lyon, then commanding the 
 United States forces in Missouri. The First and Second Infantry immediately 
 embarked in steamboats, and moved to Hannibal. Some two weeks later, the 
 Third Infantry was ordered to the same point. These three, together with 
 many other of the earlier organized Iowa regiments, rendered their first field 
 service in Missouri. The First Infantry formed a part of the little army with 
 which Gen. Lyon moved on Springfield, and fought the bloody battle of Wilson's 
 Creek. It received unqualified praise for its gallant bearing on the field. In 
 the following month (September), the Third Iowa, with but very slight support, 
 fought with honor the sanguinary engagement of Blue Mills Landing; and in 
 November, the Seventh Iowa, as a part of a force commanded by Gen. Grant, 
 greatly distinguished itself in the battle of Belmont, where it poured out its 
 blood like water — losing more than half of the men it took into action. 
 
 " The initial operations in which the battles referred to took place were fol- 
 lowed by the more important movements led by Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of 
 this State, and other commanders, which resulted in defeating the armies 
 defending the chief strategic lines held by the Confederates in Kentucky, Tenn- 
 nessee, Missouri and Arkansas, and compelling their withdrawal from much of 
 the territory previously controlled by them in those States. In these and other 
 movements, down to the grand culminating campaign by which Vicksburg was 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 231 
 
 captured and the Confederacy permanently severed on the line of the Mississippi 
 River, Iowa troops took part in steadily increasing numbers. In the investment 
 and siege of Vicksburg, the State was represented by thirty regiments and two 
 batteries, in addition to Avhich, eight regiments and one battery were employed 
 on the outposts of the besieging army. The brilliancy of their exploits on the 
 many fields where they served won for them the highest meed of praise, both 
 in military and civil circles. Multiplied were the terms in which expression 
 was given to this sentiment, but these words of one of the journals of a neigh- 
 boring State, 'The Iowa troops have been heroes among heroes,' embody the 
 spirit of all. 
 
 " In the veteran re-enlistments that distinguished the closing months of 1863 
 above all other periods in the history of re-enlistments for the national armies, 
 the Iowa three years' men (wlio were relatively more numerous than those of any 
 other State) were prompt to set the example of volunteering for another terra of 
 equal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great army of those who 
 gave this renewed and practical assurance that the cause of the Union should 
 not be left without defenders. 
 
 " In all the important movements of 1864-65, by which the Confederacy 
 was penetrated in every quarter, and its military power finally overthrown, the 
 Iowa troops took part. Their drum-beat was heard on the banks of every great 
 river of the South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they 
 rendered the same faithful and devoted service, maintaining on all occasions their 
 wonted reputation for valor in the field and endurance on the march. 
 
 " Two Iowa three-year cavalry regiments were employed during their whole 
 term of service in the operations that were in progress from 1863 to 1866 
 against the hostile Indians of the western plains. A portion of these men were 
 among the last of the volunteer troops to be mustered out of service. The State 
 also supplied a considerable number of men to the navy, who took part in most 
 of the naval operations prosecuted against the Confederate power on the Atlantic 
 and Gulf coasts, and the rivers of the West. 
 
 " The people of Iowa were early and constant workers in the sanitary field, 
 and by their liberal gifts and personal efl'orts for the benefit of the soldiery, 
 placed their State in the front rank of those who became distinguished for their 
 exhibitions of patriotic benevolence during the period covered by the war. 
 Agents appointed by the Governor were stationed at points convenient for ren- 
 dering assistance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while others were 
 employed in visiting, from time to time, hospitals, camps and armies in the field, 
 and doing whatever the circumstances rendered possible for the health and 
 comfort of such of the Iowa soldiery as might be found there. 
 
 " Some of the benevolent people of the State early conceived the idea of 
 establishing a Home for such of the children of deceased soldiers as might be 
 left in destitute circumstances. This idea first took form in 1863, and in the 
 following year a Home was opened at Farmington, Van Buren County, in a 
 building leased for that purpose, and which soon became filled to its utmost 
 capacity. The institution received liberal donations from the general public, 
 and also from the soldiers in the field. In 1865, it became necessary to pro- 
 vide increased accommodations for the large number of children who were 
 seeking the benefits of its care. This was done by establishing a branch 
 at Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, and by securing, during the same 
 year, for the use of the parent Home, Camp Kinsman near the City of 
 Davenport. This property was soon afterward donated to the institution, by 
 act of Congress. 
 
232 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 " In 1866, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the Soldiers' 
 Orphans' Home (whicli then contained about four hundred and fifty inmates) 
 became a State institution, and thereafter the sums necessary for its support were 
 appropriated from the State treasury. A second branch was established at 
 Glenwood, Mills County. Convenient tracts were secured, and valuable improve- 
 ments made at all the different points. Schools were also established, and em- 
 ployments provided for such of the children as were of suitable age. In all 
 ways the provision made for these wards of the State has been such as to chal- 
 lent^e the approval of every benevolent mind. The number of children who 
 have been inmates of the Home from its foundation to the present time is 
 considerably more than two thousand. 
 
 " At the beginning of the war, the population of Iowa included about one 
 hundred and fifty thousand men presumably liable to render military service. 
 The State raisecl, for general service, thirty-nine regiments of infantry, nine 
 regiments of cavalry, and four companies of artillery, composed of three years' 
 men ; one regiment of infantry, composed of three months' men ; and four regi- 
 ments and one battalion of infantry, composed of one hundred days' men. The 
 original enlistments in these various organizations, including seventeen hundred 
 and twenty-seven men raised by draft, numbered a little more than sixty-nine 
 thousand. The re-enlistments, including upward of seven thousand veterans, 
 numbered very nearly eiglit thousand. The enlistments in the regular army 
 and navy, and organizations of other States, will, if added, raise the total to 
 upward of eighty thousand. The number of men who, under special enlistments, 
 and as militia, took part at different times in the operations on the exposed 
 borders of the State, was probably as many as five thousand. 
 
 " Iowa paid no bounty on account of the men she placed in the field. In 
 some instances, toward the close of the war, bounty to a comparatively small 
 amount was paid by cities and towns. On only one occasion — that of the call 
 of July 18, 1864 — was a draft made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of 
 her proper liability, as established by previous rulings of the War Department, 
 to supply men under that call, but grew out of the great necessity that there 
 existed for raising men. The Government insisted on temporarily setting aside, 
 in part, the former rule of settlements, and enforcing a draft in all cases where 
 subdistricts in any of the States should be found deficient in their supply of 
 men. In no instance was Iowa, as a whole, found to be indebted to the General 
 Government for men, on a settlement of her quota accounts." 
 
 It is to be said to the honor and credit of Iowa that while many of the loyal 
 States, older and larger in population and wealth, incurred heavy State debts 
 for the purpose of fulfilling their obligations to the General Government, Iowa, 
 while she was foremost in duty, while she promptly discharged all her obligations 
 to lier sister States and the Union, found herself at the close of the war without 
 any material addition to her pecuniary liabilities incurred before the war com- 
 menced. Upon final settlement after the restoration of peace, her claims upon 
 the Fe<leral Government were found to be fully equal to the amount of her bonds 
 issued and sold during the war to provide the means for raising and equipping 
 her troops sent into the field, and to meet the inevitable demands upon her 
 treasury in consequence of the war. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 233 
 
 NUMBER OF TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE STATE OF IOWA 
 
 DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 
 
 TO JANUARY 1, 1865. 
 
 No. Regiment. 
 
 1st Iowa 
 
 2d 
 
 3d 
 
 4th 
 
 5th 
 
 6th 
 
 7th 
 
 8th 
 
 9th 
 10th 
 nth 
 12th 
 13th 
 14th 
 15th 
 16th 
 17th 
 18th 
 19th 
 20th 
 21st 
 22d 
 23d 
 24th 
 25th 
 26th 
 27th 
 28th 
 29th 
 30th 
 31st 
 32d 
 33d 
 34th 
 35th 
 36th 
 37th 
 38th 
 
 Infantry. 
 
 No. of 
 men 
 
 959 
 ,247 
 ,074 
 ,184 
 ,037 
 ,013 
 ,138 
 ,027 
 ,090 
 ,027 
 ,022 
 981 
 989 
 840 
 ,196 
 919 
 956 
 875 
 985 
 925 
 980 
 ,008 
 961 
 979 
 995 
 919 
 940 
 956 
 ,005 
 978 
 977 
 925 
 985 
 958 
 984 
 986 
 914 
 910 
 
 No. Regiment. 
 
 39th Iowa Infantry 
 
 40th " " 
 
 41st Battalion Iowa Infantry 
 
 44th Infantry (lOO-days men) 
 
 45th " " " 
 
 46th " " " 
 
 47th " " " 
 
 48th Battalion " " 
 
 1st Iowa Cavalry 
 
 2d «' " 
 
 3d " " ..; 
 
 4th " " 
 
 5th " " 
 
 6th " " 
 
 7th " " 
 
 8th " " 
 
 9th " " 
 
 Sioux City Cavalry* 
 
 Co. A, 11th Penn. Cavalry 
 
 1st Battery Artillery 
 
 2d " " 
 
 3d " " 
 
 4th " " 
 
 1st Iowa African Infantry, 60th U. Sf .. 
 
 Dodge's Brigade Band 
 
 Band of 2d Iowa Infantry 
 
 Enlistments as far as reported to Jan. 1, 
 
 1864, for the older Iowa regiments 
 
 Enlistments of Iowa men in regiments 
 of other States, over 
 
 No. of 
 men. 
 
 Total 
 
 Re-enlisted Veterans for different Regi- 
 ments 
 
 Additional enlistments 
 
 Grand total as far as reported up to Jan. 
 1, 1865 
 
 933 
 
 900 
 
 294 
 
 867 
 
 912 
 
 892 
 
 884 
 
 346 
 
 1,478 
 
 1,394 
 
 1,360 
 
 1,227 
 
 1,245 
 
 1,125 
 
 562 
 
 1,234 
 
 1,178 
 
 93 
 
 87 
 
 149 
 
 123 
 
 142 
 
 152 
 
 903 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 2,765 
 
 2,500 
 
 61,653 
 
 7,202 
 6,664 
 
 75,519 
 
 This does not include those Iowa men who veteranized in the regiments of other States, nor 
 the names of men who enlisted during 1864, in regiments of other States. 
 * Afterward consolidated with Seventh Cavalry, 
 f Only a portion of this regiment was credited to the State. 
 
234 
 
 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 235 
 
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 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
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238 
 
 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 POPULATION OF IOWA, 
 By Counties. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 AGGREGATE. 
 
 1875. 
 
 1870. 
 
 1860. 
 
 1850. 
 
 1840. Voters. 
 
 
 7045 
 
 7832 
 19158 
 
 2370 
 17405 
 28807 
 22913 
 17251 
 13220 
 17315 
 
 3561 
 
 3982 
 
 4614 
 17868 
 164.56 
 
 1212 
 22454 
 21706 
 14584 
 12528 
 17034 
 
 1585 
 
 1 
 
 984 
 
 1533 
 
 12-237 
 
 11931 
 
 454 
 
 8496 
 
 8244 
 
 4232 
 
 4915 
 
 7906 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 1616 
 
 
 
 
 1727 
 
 
 777. 
 3131. 
 
 
 3653 
 
 
 
 627 
 
 Appanoose 
 
 
 3679 
 
 
 672 
 135 
 
 735 
 
 
 4778 
 
 
 
 4877 
 
 
 
 3515 
 
 
 
 2656 
 
 
 517 
 
 
 3890 
 
 
 
 817 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11734 
 
 3185 
 
 5760 
 
 10552 
 
 17879 
 
 6685 
 
 4249 
 
 11400 
 
 10118 
 
 3559 
 
 27184 
 
 34295 
 
 6039 
 
 14386 
 
 15757 
 
 13249 
 
 16893 
 
 35415 
 
 1748 
 
 43845 
 
 1436 
 
 20515 
 
 13100 
 
 6558 
 
 13719 
 
 7028 
 
 8134 
 
 963? 
 
 7701 
 
 148ii 
 
 1502r 
 
 1181? 
 
 21594 
 
 : 787C 
 
 345f 
 
 794 
 
 17456 
 
 2306] 
 
 2412J 
 
 1712' 
 
 2465' 
 
 1916J 
 
 9951 
 
 1602 
 
 2451 
 
 5464 
 
 19731 
 
 4722 
 
 1967 
 
 10180 
 
 8735 
 
 1523 
 
 27771 
 
 35357 
 
 2530 
 
 12019 
 
 15565 
 
 12018 
 
 17432 
 
 27256 
 
 1389 
 
 38969 
 
 1392 
 
 16973 
 
 10768 
 
 4738 
 
 11173 
 
 4627 
 
 6399 
 
 7061 
 
 6055 
 
 999 
 
 13684 
 
 8931 
 
 21463 
 
 628-2 
 
 2596 
 
 l' 22C 
 
 )l 16644 
 
 2-26 It 
 
 i 22116 
 
 r 1783t 
 
 I 2489? 
 
 i 1973] 
 
 3724 
 
 147 
 
 281 
 
 1612 
 
 12949 
 
 940 
 
 58 
 
 4336 
 
 5427 
 
 52 
 
 20728 
 
 18938 
 
 383 
 
 5244 
 
 13764 
 
 8677 
 
 11024 
 
 19611 
 
 180 
 
 31164 
 
 105 
 
 12073 
 
 3744 
 
 1309 
 
 6074 
 
 1374 
 
 793 
 
 3058 
 
 1699 
 
 179 
 
 5440 
 
 3621 
 
 18701 
 
 316? 
 
 331 
 
 4E 
 
 802C 
 
 1849S 
 
 9883 
 
 1503? 
 
 1757S 
 
 13306 
 
 
 
 2598 
 
 
 
 
 681 
 
 rnrrnll 
 
 
 
 1197 
 
 ("ass 
 
 
 
 2422 
 
 Cedar 
 
 3941 
 
 1253 
 
 3934 
 
 
 1526 
 
 
 
 
 1001 
 
 
 
 
 2392 
 
 Clarke 
 
 79 
 
 
 2213 
 
 
 
 868 
 
 
 3873 
 2822 
 
 1101 
 821 
 
 5272 
 
 
 5569 
 
 
 1244 
 
 Dallas 
 
 854 
 
 7264 
 
 965 
 
 1759 
 
 12988 
 
 
 3170 
 
 
 3448 
 
 
 
 2882 
 
 
 168 
 5677 
 
 3662 
 
 
 6654 
 
 
 394 
 
 
 10841 
 
 3059 
 
 8759 
 
 
 299 
 
 
 825 
 
 
 4637 
 
 Floyd 
 
 
 2884 
 
 Franklin 
 
 
 
 1374 
 
 
 1244 
 
 
 2998 
 
 
 
 1622 
 
 Grundy 
 
 
 
 1525 
 
 Guthrie 
 
 
 
 2339 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 
 
 1455 
 
 Hancock 
 
 
 
 303 
 
 Hardin 
 
 
 
 3215 
 
 Harrison 
 
 
 
 2658 
 
 Henry 
 
 Howard 
 
 8707 
 
 3772 
 
 4641 
 1712 
 
 Humboldt 
 
 
 
 695 
 
 Ida 
 
 
 
 172 
 
 Iowa 
 
 822 
 7210 
 128C 
 9904 
 
 4472 
 ) 3007 
 
 
 3576 
 
 
 1411 
 
 4901 
 5239 
 
 Jasper 
 
 
 
 
 2773 
 
 1491 
 
 471 
 
 8721 
 5225 
 4180 
 
 John'^on 
 
 Jones 
 
 * In 1862, name changed to Lyon. 
 
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 POPULATION OF IOWA— Concluded. 
 
 239 
 
 COUNTIES 
 
 AGGREGATE. 
 
 
 1875. 
 
 1870. 
 
 1860. 
 
 1850. 1840. 
 
 Toters. 
 
 
 20488 
 
 3765 
 
 88913 
 
 31815 
 
 12499 
 
 11725 
 
 1139 
 
 16030 
 
 23718 
 
 24094 
 
 19629 
 
 10555 
 
 11523 
 
 2267 
 
 12811 
 
 10389 
 
 21623 
 
 2349 
 
 1778 
 
 14274 
 
 2728 
 
 5282 
 
 2249 
 
 31558 
 
 21665 
 
 16482 
 
 7546 
 
 2873 
 
 89763 
 
 6664 
 
 3720 
 
 13111 
 
 18771 
 
 10418 
 
 8827 
 
 17980 
 
 18541 
 
 19269 
 
 23865 
 
 13978 
 
 13114 
 
 24233 
 
 2986 
 
 8568 
 
 4908 
 
 3244 
 
 19484 
 
 8351 
 
 88210 
 
 28852 
 
 12877 
 
 10388 
 
 221 
 
 13884 
 
 22508 
 
 24436 
 
 17576 
 
 8718 
 
 9582 
 
 3654 
 
 12724 
 
 5934 
 
 21688 
 
 715 
 
 13271 
 416 
 29232 
 18947 
 10370 
 5766 
 
 4822 
 
 
 4202 
 
 
 
 
 773 
 
 
 18861 
 
 5444 
 
 4939 
 
 471 
 
 6093 
 1373 
 1927 
 
 5709 
 
 
 7274 
 
 
 2899 
 
 
 2464 
 
 
 
 287 
 
 
 7839 
 
 14816 
 
 16813 
 
 6015 
 
 4481 
 
 3409 
 
 832 
 
 8612 
 
 1256 
 
 16444 
 
 8 
 
 1179 
 
 5989 
 
 5482 
 
 
 2632 
 
 
 
 5287 
 
 
 
 4988 
 
 
 338 
 
 
 4445 
 
 Mills 
 
 
 
 2365 
 
 Mitchell 
 
 
 
 2388 
 
 
 
 
 1292 
 
 
 2884 
 
 
 2743 
 
 
 
 2485 
 
 
 5731 
 
 1942 
 
 6588 
 
 
 595 
 
 
 
 
 498 
 
 
 9975 
 
 1336 
 
 2199 
 
 1446 
 
 27857 
 
 16893 
 
 15581 
 
 5691 
 
 1411 
 
 38599 
 
 2540 
 
 576 
 
 11651 
 
 16131 
 
 6989 
 
 6986 
 
 17672 
 
 22346 
 
 17980 
 
 18952 
 
 11287 
 
 10484 
 
 1562 
 
 28570 
 
 6172 
 
 2892 
 
 2392 
 
 4419 
 
 132 
 
 148 
 
 103 
 
 11625 
 
 4968 
 
 5668 
 
 2923 
 
 246 
 
 25959 
 
 818 
 
 10 
 
 4051 
 
 5285 
 
 3590 
 
 2012 
 
 17081 
 
 14518 
 
 10281 
 
 14235 
 
 6409 
 
 2504 
 
 168 
 
 13942 
 
 1119 
 
 756 
 
 653 
 
 551 
 
 
 8222 
 
 Palo Alto 
 
 
 556 
 
 
 
 
 1136 
 
 
 
 
 464 
 
 Polk 
 
 4513 
 
 7828 
 
 615 
 
 
 
 6842 
 
 
 
 4392 
 
 
 
 3634 
 
 
 
 1496 
 
 
 
 
 657 
 
 Scott 
 
 5986 
 
 2140 
 
 7109 
 
 Shelby 
 
 1084 
 
 
 
 
 637 
 
 
 
 
 2574 
 
 Tama 
 
 8 
 
 
 3911 
 
 Taylor 
 
 204 
 
 
 2282 
 
 Union 
 
 
 
 1924 
 
 
 12270 
 8471 
 
 961 
 4957 
 
 340 
 
 6146 
 
 3893 
 
 Wapello 
 
 3923 
 
 
 
 4168 
 
 
 1594 
 
 5346 
 
 
 2947 
 
 Webster 
 
 
 
 3747 
 
 
 
 4117 
 
 
 546 
 
 
 406 
 
 
 
 1776 
 
 Worth 
 
 1 
 
 763 
 
 
 
 694 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1353118 
 
 1191792 
 
 674913 
 
 192214| 43112 
 
 284557 
 
 * Formerly Buncombe. 
 
 
240 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 Length, 380 miles, mean width about 156 miles. Area, 55,410 square 
 miles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois, as regards its surface, constitutes a, 
 table-land at a varying elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above 
 the sea level ; composed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains. 
 Much of the south division of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are 
 thickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees 
 scattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrigating the 
 State are the Mississippi — dividing it from Iowa and Missouri — the Ohio 
 (forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San- 
 gamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable 
 streams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari- 
 ous parts of the State. Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly 
 coal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field 
 alone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North 
 America. Climate tolerably equable and healthy ; the mean temperature 
 standing at about 51^ Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes 
 a competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and root- 
 crops yielding plentiful returns ; in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois 
 may be deemed, in proportion to her size, to possess a greater area of 
 lands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union. Stock- 
 raising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in 
 regard of woolen fabrics, etc., are on a very extensive and yearly expand- 
 ing scale. The lines of railroad in the State are among the most exten- 
 sive of the Union. Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal 
 connecting the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, and thence with the 
 St. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties ; the 
 chief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria, 
 Galena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti- 
 tution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 51 Senators, 
 elected for four years, and 153 Representatives, for two years ; which 
 numbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of 
 six per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and 
 educational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a very 
 flourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb 
 Asylum at Jacksonville ; a State Penitentiary at Joliet ; and a Home for 
 
 (99) 
 
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 
 
 241 
 
 Soldiers' Orphans at Normal. On November 30, 1870, the public debt of 
 the State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of $1,808,838 
 unprovided for. At the same period the value of assessed and equalized 
 property presented the following totals : assessed, $840,031,703 ; equal- 
 ized $480,664,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly th^ whole of 
 the eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and 
 west of Ohio. French colonists estabhshed themselves in 1678, at 
 Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements 
 formed the nucleus was, in 1768, ceded to Great Britain in conjunction 
 with Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787. 
 Illinois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818; and now sends 
 19 Representatives to Congress. Population, 2,539,891, in 1870. 
 
242 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 The profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact parallelogram, occupy- 
 ing one of the most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The 
 irreater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle 
 undulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief 
 rivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabash, with their numerous 
 affluents. The soil is highly productive of the cereals and grasses — most 
 [larticularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and 
 White Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered 
 with virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut- 
 ing an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper, 
 marble, slate, gypsum, and various clays are also abundant. From an 
 agricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with 
 the other cereals in lesser yields ; and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum, 
 hops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties, 
 and counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis 
 (the capital). Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson- 
 ville, Coli^mbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of 
 the State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and 
 efficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status. 
 Upward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all 
 directions, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding 
 manufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating 
 October 31, 1870, exhibited a total of receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis- 
 bursements, $3,532,406, leaving a balance, $364,135 in favor of the State 
 Treasury. The entire public debt, January 5, 1871, $3,971,000. This 
 State was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort 
 at Vincennes ; in 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and was 
 by the latter ceded to the United States in 1783. From 1788 till 1791, 
 an Indian w^arefare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of 
 Ohio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana. 
 In 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and 
 Illinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was the 
 theater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle 
 of Tipjjecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among 
 the States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed through a 
 monetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up with railroad, 
 canal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the 
 lime being, in a general collapse of public credit, and consequent bank- 
 ruptcy. Since that time, however, the greater number of the public 
 
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 24S 
 
 works which had brought about that imbroglio — especially the great 
 Wabash and Erie Canal — have been completed, to the great benefit of 
 the State, whose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by 
 rapid strides in the paths of wealth, commerce, and general social and 
 political prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851. 
 Population, U680,6Q1. 
 
 IOWA. 
 
 In shape, Iowa presents an almost perfect parallelogram ; has a 
 length, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208 
 miles, and embraces an area of 55,045 square miles, or 35,228,800 acres» 
 The surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the 
 middle into an elevated plateau which forms the " divide " of the 
 Missouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in the south, 
 section, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with 
 woodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered ; 
 the principal rivers being the Mississippi and Missouri, which form 
 respectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des 
 Moines, affluents of the first named. Mineralogically, Iowa is important 
 as occupying a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of 
 an area estimated at 25,000 square miles. Lead, copper, zinc, and iron» 
 are also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to 
 the production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals ; fruits, vegetables, 
 and esculent roots ; maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples. 
 Wine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul- 
 tural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely 
 engaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat 
 and cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried 
 on in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of $20,000,000. 
 Iowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water- 
 communication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically 
 divided into 99 counties, with the following centers of population : Des 
 Moines (capital), Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenport, Bur- 
 lington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The 
 State institutions of Iowa — religious, scholastic, and philanthropic — are 
 on a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation, 
 with those of her Northwest sister States, and education is especially 
 well cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the 
 American territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana 
 purchase in 1803, and was politically identified with Louisiana till 1812» 
 
244 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 
 
 when it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the 
 Michigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Finally, 
 after being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of 
 the Union,'' December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913 ; in 1870, 
 1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,853,118. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 United area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the 
 Upper and smaller Peninsula — length, 316 miles; breadth, fluctuating 
 between 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from 
 50 to 300 miles wide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The 
 Upper, or North, Peninsula consists chiefly of an elevated plateau, 
 expanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum 
 height of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently 
 bold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of 
 copper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are 
 heavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich, 
 loamy soil, throwing iip excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural 
 produce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter 
 colds are severe. The chief staples of farm husbandry include the cereals, 
 grasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870, 
 the acres of land in farms were : improved, 5,096,939 ; unimproved 
 woodland, 4,080,146 ; other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value 
 of land was $398,240,578 ; of farming implements and machinery, 
 $13,711,979. In 1869, there were shipped from the Lake Superior ports, 
 874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188 
 tons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined. 
 Inland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad 
 system, and by the St. Mary's Ship Canal, connecting Lakes Huron and 
 Supeiior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties; its chief 
 urban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette, 
 Bay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the 
 State is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggregate bonded 
 debt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, and the assessed valuation of 
 land to $266,929,278, representing an estimated cash value of $800,000,000. 
 Education is largely diffused and most excellently conducted and pro- 
 vided for. The State University at Ann Arbor, the colleges of Detroit 
 and Kalamazoo, the Albion Female College, the State Normal School at 
 Ypsilanti, and the State Agricultural College at Lansing, are chief among 
 the academic institutions. Michigan (a term of Chippeway origin, and 
 
COrniNS GROVE TP. 
 
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 245 
 
 signifying " Great Lake), was discovered and first settled by French 
 Canadians, who, in 1670, founded Detroit, the pioneer of a series of trad- 
 ing-posts on the Indian frontier. During the " Conspiracy of Pontiac," 
 following the French loss of Canada, Michigan became the scene of a 
 sanguinary struggle between the whites and aborigines. In 1796, it 
 became annexed to the United States, which incorporated this region 
 with the Northwest Territory, and then with Indiana Territory, till 1803, 
 when it became territorially independent. Michigan was the theater of 
 warlike oj^erations during the war of 1812 with Great Britain, and in 
 1819 was authorized to be represented by one delegate in Congress ; in 
 18'^;7 she was admitted into the Union as a State, and in 1869 ratified the 
 15th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Population, 1,184,059. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 It has a mean length of 260 miles, and a maximum breadth of 215. 
 Land area, 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Wisconsin lies at a 
 considerable altitude above sea-level, and consists for the most part of an 
 upland plateau, the surface of which is undulating and very generally 
 diversified. Numerous local eminences called mounds are interspersed 
 over the State, and the Lake Michigan coast-line is in many parts char- 
 acterized by lofty escarped cliffs, even as on the west side the banks of 
 the Mississippi form a series of high and picturesque bluffs. A group of 
 islands known as The Apostles lie off the extreme north point of the 
 State in Lake Superior, and the great estuary of Green Bay, running far 
 inland, gives formation to a long, narrow peninsula between its waters 
 and those of Lake Michigan. The river-system of Wisconsin has three 
 outlets — those of Lake Superior, Green Bay, and the Mississippi, which 
 latter stream forms the entire southwest frontier, widening at one point 
 into the large watery expanse called Lake Pepin. Lake Superior receives 
 the St. Louis, Burnt Wood, and Montreal Rivers ; Green Bay, the 
 Menomonee, Peshtigo, Oconto, and Fox ; while into the Mississippi 
 empty the St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Wisconsin, and Rock Rivers. 
 The chief interior lakes are those of Winnebago, Horicon, and Court 
 Oreilles, and smaller sheets of water stud a great part of the surface. 
 The climate is healthful, with cold Winters and brief but very warm 
 Summers. Mean annual rainfall 31 inches. The geological system 
 represented by the State, embraces those rocks included between the 
 primary and the Devonian series, the former containing extensive 
 deposits of copper and iron ore. Besides these minerals, lead and zinc 
 are found in great quantities, together with kaolin, plumbago, gypsum, 
 
24(3 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 
 
 and various clays. IMining, consequently, forms a prominent industry, 
 and one of yearly increasing dimensions. The soil of Wisconsin is of 
 varying quality, but fertile on the whole, and in the north parts of the 
 State heavily timbered. The agricultural yield comprises the cereals, 
 together with flax, hemp, tobacco, pulse, sorgum, and all kinds of vege- 
 tables, and of the hardier fruits. In 1870, the State had a total number 
 of 102,904 farms, occupying 11,715,321 acres, of which 5,899,343 con- 
 sisted of improved land, and 3,437,442 were timbered. Cash value of 
 farms, 8300,414,064 ; of farm implements and machinery, $14,239,364. 
 Total estimated value of all farm products, including betterments and 
 additions to stock, $78,027,032 ; of orchard and dairy stuffs, $1,045,933 ; 
 of lumber, $1,327,618 ; of home manufactures, $338,423 ; of all live-stock, 
 $45,310,882. Number of manufacturing establishments, 7,136, employ- 
 ing 39,055 hands, and turning out productions valued at $85,624,906. 
 The political divisions of the State form 61 counties, and the chief places 
 of wealth, trade, and population, are Madison (the capital), Milwaukee, 
 Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Prairie du Chien, Janesville, Portage City, 
 Racine, Kenosha, and La Crosse. In 1870, the total assessed valuation 
 reached $333,209,838, as against a true valuation of both real and personal 
 estate aggregating $602,207,329. Treasury receipts during 1870, $886,- 
 69G ; disbursements, $906,329. Value of church property, $4,749,983. 
 Education is amply provided for. Independently of the State University 
 at Madison, and those of Galesville and of Lawrence at Appleton, and 
 the colleges of Beloit, Racine, and Milton, there are Normal Schools at 
 Platteville and Whitewater. The State is divided into 4,802 common 
 school districts, maintained at a cost, in 1870, of $2,094,160. The chari- 
 table institutions of Wisconsin include a Deaf and Dumb Asylum, an 
 Institute for the Education of the Blind, and a Soldiers' Orphans' School. 
 In January, 1870, the railroad system ramified throughout the State 
 totalized 2,779 miles of track, including several lines far advanced toward 
 completion. Immigration is successfully encouraged by the State author- 
 ities, the larger number of yearly new-comers being of Scandinavian and 
 German origin. The territory now occupied within the limits of the 
 State of Wisconsin was explored by French missionaries and traders in 
 1639, and it remained under French jurisdiction until 1703, when it 
 became annexed to the British North American possessions. In 1796, it 
 reverted to the United States, the government of which latter admitted 
 it Avitliin the limits of tlie Northwest Territory, and in 1809, attached it 
 to that of Illinois, and to Michigan in 1818. Wisconsin became independ- 
 ently territorially organized in 1836, and became a State of the Union, 
 Marcli :;, 1847. Population in 1870, 1,064,985, of which 2,113 were of 
 the colored race, and 11,521 Indians, 1,206 of the latter being out of 
 tribal relations. 
 
THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 247 
 
 MINNESOTA 
 
 Its length, north to south, embraces an extent of 380 miles; its 
 oreadth one of 250 miles at a maximum. Area, 84,000 square miles, or 
 54,700,000 acres. The surface of Minnesota, generally speaking, con- 
 sists of a succession of gently undulating plains and prairies, drained by 
 an admirable water-system, and with here and there heavily- timbered 
 bottoms and belts of virgin forest. The soil, corresponding with such a 
 supeifices, is exceptionally rich, consisting for the most part of a dark, 
 calcareous sandy drift intermixed with loam. A distinguishing jihysical 
 feature of this State is its riverine ramifications, expanding in nearly 
 every part of it into almost innumerable lakes — the whole presenting an 
 aggregate of water-power having hardly a rival in the Union. Besides 
 the Mississippi — which here has its rise, and drains a basin of 800 miles 
 of country — the principal streams are the Minnesota (334 miles long), 
 the Red River of the North, the St. Croix, St. Louis, and many others of 
 lesser importance ; the chief lakes are those called Red, Cass, Leech, 
 Mille Lacs, Vermillion, and Winibigosh. Quite a concatenation of sheets 
 of water fringe the frontier line where Minnesota joins British America, 
 culminating in the Lake of the Woods. It has been estimated, that of 
 an area of 1,200,000 acres of surface between the St. Croix and Mis- 
 sissippi Rivers, not less than 73,000 acres are of lacustrine formation. In 
 point of minerals, the resources of Minnesota have as yet been very 
 imperfectly developed; iron, copper, coal, lead — all these are known to 
 exist in considerable deposits ; together with salt, limestone, and potter's 
 clay. The agricultural outlook of the State is in a high degree satis- 
 factory ; wheat constitutes the leading cereal in cultivation, with Indian 
 corn and oats in next order. Fruits and vegetables are grown in great 
 plenty and of excellent quality. The lumber resources of Minnesota are 
 important ; the pine forests in the north region alone occupying an area 
 of some 21,000 square miles, which in 1870 produced a return of scaled 
 logs amounting to 313,116,416 feet. The natural industrial advantages 
 possessed by Minnesota are largely improved upon by a railroad system. 
 The political divisions of this State number 78 counties ; of which tlie 
 chief cities and towns are : St. Paul (the capital), Stillwater, Red Wing, 
 St. Anthony, Fort Snelling, Minneapolis, and Mankato. Minnesota has 
 already assumed an attitude of high importance as a manufacturing State ; 
 this is mainly due to the wonderful command of water-power she pos- 
 sesses, as before spoken of. Besides her timber-trade, the milling of 
 flour, the distillation of whisky, and the tanning of leather, are prominent 
 interests, which in 1869, gave returns to the amount of $14,831,043. 
 
248 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 
 
 Education is notably provided for on a broad and catliolio scale, the 
 entire amount expended scholastically during the year 1870 being |857,- 
 816 ; while on November 30 of the preceding year the permanent school 
 fund stood at $2,476,222. Besides a University and Agricultural College, 
 Normal and Reform Schools flourish, and with these may be mentioned 
 such various philanthropic and religious institutions as befit the needs of 
 an intelligent and prosperous community. The finances of the State for 
 the fiscal year terminating December 1, 1870, exhibited a balance on tht- 
 right side to the amount of $136,164, being a gain of $44,000 over the 
 previous year's figures. The earliest exploration of Minnesota by the 
 whites was made in 1680 by a French Franciscan, Father Hennepin, who 
 gave the name of St. Antony to the Great Falls on the Upper Missisippi. 
 In 1763, the Treaty of Versailles ceded this region to England. 
 Twenty years later, Minnesota formed part of the Northwest Territory 
 transferred to the United States, and became herself territorialized inde- 
 pendently in 1849. Indian cessions in 1851 enlarged her boundaries, and, 
 May 11, 1857, Minnesota became a unit of the great American federation 
 of States. Population, 439,706. 
 
 NEBRASKA. 
 
 Maximum length, 412 miles ; extreme breadth, 208 miles. Area, 
 75,905 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres. The surface of this State is 
 almost entirely undulating prairie, and forms part of the west slope of 
 the great central basin of the North American Continent. In its west 
 division, near the base of the Rocky Mountains, is a sandy belt of 
 country, irregularly defined. In this part, too, are the " dunes," resem- 
 bhng a wavy sea of sandy billows, as well as the Mauvaises Terres, a tract 
 of singular formation, produced by eccentric disintegrations and denuda- 
 tions of the land. The chief rivers are the Missouri, constituting its en- 
 tire east line of demarcation ; the Nebraska or Platte, the Niobrara, the 
 Republican Fork of the Kansas, the Elkhorn, and the Loup Fork of the 
 Platte. The soil is very various, but consisting chiefly of rich, bottomy 
 loam, admirably adapted to the raising of heavy crops of cereals. All 
 the vegetables and fruits of the temperate zone are produced in great 
 size and plenty. For grazing purposes Nebraska is a State exceptionally 
 well fitted, a region of not less than 23,000,000 acres being adaptable to 
 this branch of husbandry. It is believed that the, as yet, comparatively 
 infertile tracts of land found in various parts of the State are susceptible 
 of productivity by means of a properly conducted system of irrigation. 
 Few minerals of moment have so far been found within the limits of 
 
THE NORTH WESTEKN STATES. 
 
 249 
 
 Nebraska, if we may except important saline deposits at the head of Salt 
 Creek in its southeast section. The State is divided into 57 counties, 
 independent of the Pawnee and Winnebago Indians, and of unorganized 
 territory in the northwest part. The principal towns are Omaha, Lincoln 
 (State capital), Nebraska City, Columbus, Grand Island, etc. In 1870, 
 the total assessed value of property amounted to $53,000,000, being an 
 increase of $11,000,000 over the previous year's returns. The total 
 amount received from the school-fund during the year 1869-70 was 
 $77,999. Education is making great onward strides, the State University 
 and an Agricultural College being far advanced toward completion. In 
 the matter of railroad communication, Nebraska bids fair to soon place 
 herself on a par with her neighbors to the east. Besides being inter- 
 sected by the Union Pacific line, with its off-shoot, the Fremont and Blair, 
 other tracks are in course of rapid construction. Organized by Con- 
 gressional Act into a Territory, May 80, 1854, Nebraska entered the 
 Union as a full State, March 1, 1867. Population, 122,993. 
 
 IIITNTING PRAIKJE WOLVES IN AN KARLY DAY. 
 
250 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 
 
 We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, 
 establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common 
 defense, promote the general welfare, and secme the blessings of liber tg 
 to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution 
 for the United States of America. 
 
 Article I. 
 
 Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in 
 a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and 
 House of Representatives. 
 
 Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem- 
 bers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the 
 electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of 
 the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 
 
 No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the 
 age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United 
 States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in 
 which he shall be chosen. 
 
 Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- 
 eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their 
 respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole 
 number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of 
 years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. 
 The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first 
 meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse- 
 quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The 
 number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, 
 but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until such 
 enumeration shall l)e made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled 
 to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan- 
 tations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva- 
 nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, 
 and Georgia three. 
 
 When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the 
 Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such 
 vacancies. 
 
 The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other 
 officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 
 
 Sec. o. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two 
 Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years; 
 and each Senator shall have one vote. 
 
 Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first 
 election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. 
 The seats of the Senators of the first class 'shall be vacated at the expira- 
 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. . 251 
 
 tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth 
 year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that 
 one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by 
 resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, 
 the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next 
 meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 
 
 No person shall be a Senator w^ho shall not have attained to the age 
 of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and 
 who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which ho 
 shall be chosen. 
 
 The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of th 
 Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 
 
 The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro 
 tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise 
 the office of President of the United States. 
 
 The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When 
 sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the 
 President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. 
 And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds 
 of the members present. 
 
 Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to 
 removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 
 honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted 
 shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, 
 and punishment according to law. 
 
 Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- 
 ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis- 
 lature thereof ; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
 yuch regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 
 
 The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
 meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by 
 law appoint a different day. 
 
 Sec. 5. Each house shall be the ju^ge of the election, returns, and 
 qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute 
 a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to 
 day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members 
 in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 
 
 Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish ita 
 members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, 
 expel a member. 
 
 Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to 
 time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
 require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house 
 on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered 
 on the journal. 
 
 Neither liouse, during the session of Congress, shall, without the 
 consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other 
 place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 
 
 Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- 
 sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the 
 treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, 
 
252 
 
 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
 attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and 
 returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house 
 they shall not be questioned in any other place. 
 
 No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was 
 elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United 
 States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall 
 have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office 
 under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his 
 continuance in office. 
 
 Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 
 Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments 
 as on c ther bills. 
 
 Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and 
 the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President 
 .' the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall 
 return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- 
 nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and 
 proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that 
 house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- 
 tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if 
 approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all 
 such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, 
 and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered 
 on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
 by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have 
 been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he 
 had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its 
 return, in which case it shall not be a law. 
 
 Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the 
 Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
 question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the 
 United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by 
 Iiim, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of 
 the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim- 
 itations prescribed in the case of a bill. 
 
 Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — 
 
 To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, 
 and provide for the common defense and general welfare of "the United 
 utates ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout 
 the United States ; 
 
 To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; 
 
 To regulate commerce with foreign itations, and among the several 
 St:.tes, and with the Indian tribes; 
 
 To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on 
 the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; 
 
 To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and 
 fix the standard of weights and measures ; 
 
 To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and 
 current coin of the United States; 
 
 To establish post offices and post roads ; 
 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 253 
 
 To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, 
 for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their 
 respective writings and discoveries ; 
 
 To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; 
 
 To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high 
 seas, and offenses against the law of nations ; 
 
 To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules 
 concerning captures on land and water ; 
 
 To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that 
 use shall be for n longer term than two years ; 
 
 To provide and maintain a navy ; 
 
 To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and 
 naval forces ; 
 
 To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the 
 Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; 
 
 To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and 
 for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the 
 United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the 
 officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci- 
 pline prescribed by Congress ; 
 
 To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not 
 exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the 
 acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United 
 States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the 
 consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for 
 the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful 
 buildings ; and 
 
 To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying 
 into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this 
 Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- 
 ment or officer thereof. 
 
 Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the 
 states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited 
 by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, 
 but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
 dollars for each person. 
 
 The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
 unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
 require it. 
 
 No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 
 
 No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion 
 to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. 
 
 No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. 
 
 No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev- 
 enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels 
 bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in 
 another. 
 
 No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of 
 appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of 
 the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from 
 time to time. 
 
254 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 No title of nobility sl^all be granted by the United States : and no 
 person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the 
 consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title 
 of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. 
 
 Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder- 
 ation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of 
 credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of 
 debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the 
 obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobilit3\ 
 
 No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts 
 or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary 
 for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and 
 imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the 
 Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the 
 revision and control of the Congress. 
 
 No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on 
 tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any 
 agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or 
 engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will 
 not admit of delay. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of 
 the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term 
 of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same 
 term, be elected as follows : 
 
 Each state sliall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof 
 may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators 
 and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress ; 
 but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or 
 profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 
 
 [ * The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by 
 ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of 
 the same state witli themselves. And they shall make a list of all the 
 persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they 
 shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government 
 of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres- 
 ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep- 
 resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. 
 The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, 
 if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; 
 and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal 
 number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately 
 choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a ma- 
 jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like 
 manner clioose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote 
 sliall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one 
 vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members 
 from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be 
 necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, 
 
 • This clause between brackets has been superseded and annulled by the Twelfth amendment. 
 
 I 
 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 255 
 
 the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be 
 the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have 
 equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi- 
 dent.] 
 
 The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and 
 the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same 
 throughout the United States. 
 
 No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
 States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible 
 to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that 
 office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been 
 fourteen years a resident within the United States. 
 
 In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, 
 resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said 
 office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress 
 may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil- 
 ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall 
 then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis- 
 ability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 
 
 The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- 
 pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the 
 period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive 
 within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of 
 them. 
 
 Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- 
 lowing oath or affirmation : 
 
 " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
 office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
 preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." 
 
 Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and 
 navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when 
 called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the 
 opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive 
 departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective 
 offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses 
 against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 
 
 He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the 
 Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con- 
 cur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, 
 shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of 
 the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose 
 appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be 
 established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment 
 of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in 
 the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 
 
 The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
 happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
 shall expire at the end of their next session. 
 
 Sec. 3. He sliall from time to time give to the Congress information 
 of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea- 
 sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary 
 
256 CONSTITUTION OP THE UNITED STATES 
 
 occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree- 
 ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he maj? 
 adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive 
 ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be 
 faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United 
 
 States. 
 
 Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civd officers of the 
 United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con 
 viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested 
 in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from 
 time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and 
 inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at 
 stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be 
 diminished during their continuance in office. 
 
 Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and 
 equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and 
 treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases 
 affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of 
 admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United 
 States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; 
 between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ- 
 ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants 
 of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign 
 states, citizens, or subjects. 
 
 In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, 
 and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have 
 original jurisdiction. 
 
 In all the other cases before* mentioned, the Supreme Court shall 
 have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions 
 and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 
 
 The triiil of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be b^? 
 jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall 
 have been committed ; but when not committed within any state, the 
 trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have 
 directed. 
 
 Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- 
 ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid 
 and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes- 
 timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
 court. 
 
 The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason 
 but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture 
 except during the life of the person attainted. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the 
 public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And 
 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 257 
 
 the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such 
 acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 
 
 Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges 
 and immunities of citizens in the several states. 
 
 A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, 
 who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand 
 of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered 
 up, to be removed to the state having jurisdicfon of the crime. 
 
 No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof 
 escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
 therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered 
 up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 
 
 Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; 
 but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any 
 other state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, 
 or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states 
 concerned, as well as of the Congress. 
 
 The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful 
 rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging 
 to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed 
 as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. 
 
 Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this 
 Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 
 against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu- 
 tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio- 
 lence. 
 
 Article V. 
 
 The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it 
 necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap- 
 plication of the Legislatures of two-tjiirds of the several states, shall call 
 a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be 
 valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when rati- 
 fied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con- 
 ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi- 
 cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment 
 which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and 
 eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth 
 section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall 
 be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- 
 tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under 
 this Constitution as under the Confederation. 
 
 This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be 
 made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, 
 under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the 
 land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in 
 the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem- 
 
258 
 
 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 "bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi- 
 cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound 
 by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test 
 shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under 
 the United States. 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient 
 for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying 
 the same. 
 
 Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the 
 seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
 seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the 
 United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have 
 hereunto subscribed our names. 
 
 GEO. WASHINGTON, 
 President and Deputy from Virginia. 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 John Langdon, 
 Nicholas Gilman. 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 Nathaniel Goeham, 
 RuFus King. 
 
 Connecticut. 
 Wm. Sam'l Johnson, 
 Roger Sherman. 
 
 Neiv York. 
 Alexander Hamilton. 
 
 Neiu Jersey. 
 WiL. Livingston, 
 Wm. Paterson, 
 David Brearley, 
 JoNA. Dayton. 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 B. Franklin, 
 RoBT. Morris, 
 Thos. Fitzsimons, 
 James Wilson, 
 Thos. Mifflin, 
 Geo. Clymer, 
 Jared Ingersoll, 
 Gouv. jVIorris. 
 
 Delaware. 
 Geo. Read, 
 John Dickinson, 
 Jaco. Broom, 
 Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
 Richard Bassett. 
 
 Maryland. 
 James M' Henry, 
 Danl. Carroll, 
 Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. 
 
 Virginia. 
 John Blair, 
 James Madison, Jb. 
 
 North Carolina. 
 Wm. Blount, 
 Hu. Williamson, 
 Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. 
 
 South Carolina. 
 j. rutledge, 
 Charles Pinckney, 
 Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 
 Pierce Butler. 
 
 Gieorgia. 
 William Few, 
 Abr. Baldwin. 
 
 WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 
 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 259 
 
 Articles in Addition to and Amendatoey of the Constitution 
 OP THE United States op Amekica. 
 
 Proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several states^ 
 pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. 
 
 Article I. 
 
 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment cf religion, 
 or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ^ or abridging the freedom of 
 speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, 
 and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free 
 state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without 
 the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- 
 scribed by law. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
 and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- 
 lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by 
 oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched 
 and the persons or things to be seized. 
 
 Article V. 
 
 No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous 
 crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in 
 cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual 
 service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject 
 for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall 
 be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be 
 deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor 
 shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a 
 speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district 
 wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 
 been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and 
 cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; 
 to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor ; and to 
 have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed 
 twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact 
 
2QQ CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
 States than according to the rules of the common law. 
 
 Article VIII. 
 
 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
 nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 
 
 Article IX. 
 
 The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be 
 construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 
 
 Article X. 
 
 The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
 nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, 
 or to the people. 
 
 Article XI. 
 
 The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
 extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
 of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- 
 jects of any foreign state. 
 
 Article XII. 
 
 The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot 
 for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an 
 inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their 
 ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the 
 person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of 
 all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- 
 President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign 
 and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United 
 States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
 Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
 open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person 
 having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, 
 if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
 and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the 
 highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as 
 President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediattly, by 
 ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
 taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a 
 quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- 
 thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to 
 a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- 
 dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the 
 fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as 
 President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
 tlie President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
 President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority 
 of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 
 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 2t33 
 
 ity, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose 
 the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
 of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number 
 shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible 
 to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the 
 United States. 
 
 Article XIII. 
 
 Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
 punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
 shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- 
 diction. 
 
 Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- 
 priate legislation. 
 
 Article XIV. 
 
 Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and 
 subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and 
 of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law 
 which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
 States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
 without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction 
 the equal protection of the laws. 
 
 Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states 
 according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- 
 sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to 
 vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- 
 President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- 
 tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature 
 thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being 
 twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
 abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of 
 representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- 
 ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 
 twenty-one years of age in such state. 
 
 Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, 
 or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or 
 military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- 
 ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
 United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- 
 tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the 
 United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
 same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may 
 by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. 
 
 Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- 
 ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- 
 ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
 tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt 
 or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the 
 United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, 
 obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 
 
260 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
 States than according to the rules of the common law. 
 
 Article VIII. 
 
 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
 nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 
 
 Article IX. 
 
 The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shaU not be 
 construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 
 
 Article X. 
 
 The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
 nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, 
 or to the people. 
 
 Article XI. 
 
 The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
 extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
 of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- 
 jects of any foreign state. 
 
 Article XII. 
 
 The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot 
 for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an 
 inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their 
 ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the 
 person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of 
 all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- 
 President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign 
 and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United 
 States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
 Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
 open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person 
 having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, 
 if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
 and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the 
 highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as 
 President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediatt'y, by 
 ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
 taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a 
 quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- 
 thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to 
 a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- 
 dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the 
 fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as 
 President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
 the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
 President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority 
 of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 
 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 263 
 
 ity; then from tlie two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose 
 the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
 of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number 
 shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible 
 to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the 
 United States. 
 
 Article XIII. 
 
 Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
 punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
 shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- 
 diction. 
 
 Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- 
 priate legislation. 
 
 Aeticle XIV. 
 
 Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and 
 subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and 
 of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law 
 which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
 States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
 without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction 
 the equal protection of the laws. 
 
 Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states 
 according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- 
 sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to 
 vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- 
 President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- 
 tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature 
 thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being 
 twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
 abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of 
 representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- 
 ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 
 twenty-one years of age in such state. 
 
 Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, 
 or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or 
 military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- 
 ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
 United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- 
 tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the 
 United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
 same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may 
 by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. 
 
 Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- 
 ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- 
 ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
 tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt 
 or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the 
 United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, 
 obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 
 
264 
 
 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Article XV. 
 
 Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not 
 be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of 
 race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 
 
 VOTE FOR GOVERNOR, 1877, AND PRESIDENT, 187G. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Adair 
 
 Adams 
 
 Allamakee ... 
 Appanoose .... 
 
 Audubon 
 
 Benton 
 
 Black Hawk.. 
 
 Boone 
 
 Bremer 
 
 Buchanan 
 
 Buena Vista.. 
 
 Butler 
 
 Calhoun 
 
 Carroll 
 
 CasB 
 
 Cedar 
 
 Cerro Gordo.. 
 
 Cherokee 
 
 Chickasaw ... 
 
 Clark 
 
 Clay 
 
 Clayton 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Dallas 
 
 Davis 
 
 Decatur 
 
 Delaware 
 
 De>i Moines .. 
 
 Dickinson 
 
 Dubuque 
 
 Emmett 
 
 Fayette. 
 
 Floyd 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Fremont 
 
 Greene 
 
 Grundy 
 
 Guthrie 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Hancock 
 
 Hardin 
 
 Harrison 
 
 Henry 
 
 Howard 
 
 Humboldt.... 
 
 Ida 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Jasper 
 
 J'/fTcrson 
 
 1877. 
 Governor. 
 
 Kep. Dem. Gr. Pro 
 
 982 
 
 876 
 1547 
 11(15 
 
 4111 
 1432 
 1780 
 161 
 1180 
 1290 
 
 74 
 1453 
 
 418 
 
 633 
 1592 
 1315 
 
 903 
 
 562 
 1279 
 1054 
 
 517 
 1873 
 2444 
 
 898 
 1541 
 
 893 
 1269 
 1226 
 2315 
 
 197 
 1587 
 
 213 
 1933 
 1233 
 1311 
 1250 
 1031 
 
 909 
 1160 
 
 842 
 
 340 
 1492 
 1.348 
 1770 
 
 551 
 
 382 
 
 321 
 1132 
 1619 
 1977 
 1390 
 
 161 
 397 
 
 1540 
 
 1049 
 352 
 712 
 
 1111 
 981 
 582 
 769 
 192 
 758 
 75 
 744 
 839 
 
 1093 
 
 348 
 
 74 
 
 1107 
 
 267 
 
 16 
 
 1770 
 
 2327 
 651 
 215 
 
 1231 
 961 
 
 1143 
 
 1384 
 8 
 
 3415 
 28 
 
 1067 
 208 
 336 
 
 1331 
 215 
 504 
 496 
 265 
 95 
 661 
 86 '. 
 424 
 647 
 149 
 54 
 
 1120 
 
 196( 
 
 11.54 
 753 
 
 581 
 485 
 
 69 
 729 
 
 26 
 567 
 
 95 
 466 
 196 
 725 
 161 
 
 19 
 171 
 141 
 116 
 206 
 
 72 
 383 
 
 37 
 813 
 
 20 
 
 66 
 286 
 
 19 
 
 1241 
 
 803 
 
 310 
 
 32 
 767 
 
 406 
 
 162 
 
 16 
 
 334 
 
 551 
 
 364 
 422 
 29 
 238 
 523 
 
 1041 
 201 
 115 
 104 
 642 
 224 
 
 1018 
 576 
 
 1876. 
 President. 
 
 Rep. Dem 
 
 449 
 
 244 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 223 
 20 
 95 
 74 
 11 
 30 
 
 446 
 40 
 86 
 94 
 19 
 67 
 
 107 
 66 
 
 111 
 80 
 12 
 19 
 
 525 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 53 
 
 21 
 
 57 
 
 2 
 
 1.54 
 
 19 
 140 
 519 
 
 64 
 
 228 
 
 15 
 
 268 
 
 109 
 
 1334 
 1376 
 1709 
 1711 
 
 427 
 2901 
 2979 
 2018 
 1737 
 2227 
 
 770 
 1828 
 
 622 
 
 799 
 1876 
 2328 
 1274 
 
 864 
 1574 
 1405 
 
 567 
 2662 
 3654 
 1043 
 2136 
 1586 
 1647 
 2233 
 3325 
 
 259 
 2798 
 
 246 
 3029 
 2032 
 1178 
 1658 
 1310 
 1099 
 1434 
 1187 
 
 281 
 2152 
 1557 
 2809 
 1194 
 
 523 
 
 212 
 1870 
 2126 
 3375 
 
 2166 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Johnson , 
 
 Jones 
 
 Keokuk 
 
 Kossuth 
 
 Lee 
 
 Linn 
 
 Louisa 
 
 Lucas 
 
 JLyon 
 
 Madison 
 
 Mahaska 
 
 Marion 
 
 Marshall 
 
 Mills 
 
 Mitchell 
 
 Monona 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Montgomery . 
 
 Muscatine 
 
 O'Brien 
 
 Osceola 
 
 593 
 
 626 
 
 1646 
 
 1419 
 
 .352 
 
 1356 
 
 1592 
 
 1305 
 
 757 
 
 1416 
 
 200 
 
 780 
 
 196 
 
 771 
 
 979 
 
 1445 
 
 448 
 
 175 
 
 1090 
 
 816 
 
 94 
 
 2621 
 
 3.398 Palo Alto. 
 
 638[iPlymouth , 
 
 752 Pocahontas 
 
 163lj Polk , 
 
 1282' Pottawattamie., 
 
 1466 Poweshiek 
 
 Ringgold , 
 
 Sac 
 
 Scott 
 
 Shrlby , 
 
 Sioux 
 
 Story 
 
 Tama 
 
 Taylor 
 
 Union 
 
 Van Buren 
 
 Wapello 
 
 jWarren 
 
 Washington 
 
 Wayne 
 
 Webster 
 
 Winnebago 
 
 Winneshiek 
 
 iWotidbury 
 
 Worth 
 
 Wright 
 
 2917 
 
 48 
 
 4977 
 
 36 
 
 1709 
 
 751 
 
 379 
 
 1682 
 
 510 
 
 417 
 
 629 
 
 425 
 
 99 
 
 1386 
 
 1485 
 
 600 
 
 183 
 
 57 
 
 1.348 
 
 2485 
 
 1804 
 
 1449 
 
 Totals 
 
 Majorities 
 
 1877. 
 Governor. 
 
 Kep. Dem. I Gr. Pro 
 
 1884 
 
 1868 
 
 1772 
 
 463 
 
 2157 
 
 2524 
 
 1328 
 
 1203 
 
 261 
 
 1792 
 
 1823 
 
 1976 
 
 1448 
 
 1435 
 
 1396 
 
 580 
 
 1034 
 
 1122 
 
 1753 
 
 306 
 
 295 
 
 1166 
 
 311 
 
 779 
 
 370 
 
 3171 
 
 2223 
 
 1496 
 
 964 
 
 656 
 
 3031 
 
 888 
 
 436 
 
 1260 
 
 1426 
 
 1325 
 
 899 
 
 1490 
 
 17^0 
 
 1726 
 
 1687 
 
 1316 
 
 850 
 
 644 
 
 2074 
 
 1109 
 
 628 
 
 391 
 
 121.546 
 42193 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 322 
 
 13 
 
 350 
 
 75 
 
 89 
 
 103 
 
 9 
 
 616 
 
 1011 
 
 760 
 
 3S9 
 
 98 
 
 35 
 
 432 
 
 247 
 
 532 
 
 171 
 
 201 
 
 13 
 
 348 
 
 2345! 
 1218! 
 1526, 
 
 236 
 2863 
 2316 
 
 817 
 
 804 
 17 
 1077 
 10H6 
 1866 
 
 837 
 1102 
 
 459 
 
 119 
 
 928 
 
 441 
 
 1775 
 
 21 
 
 40 
 
 508' 
 
 357 
 
 487 j 
 
 93 
 
 1885 
 
 2059 
 
 882 
 71 
 
 128 
 1963 
 
 639 
 
 132 
 
 344 
 
 8331 
 
 293, 
 
 516, 
 1305 
 1029 
 
 94^ 
 1221 
 
 832 
 
 127 
 40 
 10091 279 
 
 8671 226 
 
 132 8 
 
 166 11 
 
 77 
 44 
 
 1353 
 218 
 420 
 671 
 177 
 309 
 3 
 49 
 644 
 196 
 868 
 830 
 301 
 
 1265 
 742 
 303 
 404 
 
 1421 
 
 79353 
 
 34228 
 
 273 
 68 
 
 105 
 89 
 
 299 
 
 585 
 
 108 
 12 
 14 
 56 
 
 596 
 95 
 
 504 
 28 
 36 
 9 
 20 
 47 
 
 387 
 14 
 33 
 
 293 
 
 3 
 
 39 
 
 36 
 
 94 
 
 121 
 
 346 
 47 
 13 
 37 
 16 
 
 187 
 133 
 
 63 
 130 
 290 
 101 
 112 
 3 
 
 47 
 
 238 
 9 
 14 
 
 98 
 
 1S76. 
 President, 
 
 Kep. Dem 
 
 2345 
 
 2591 
 
 2364 
 
 638 
 
 3160 
 
 4331 
 
 1920 
 
 1478 
 
 262| 
 
 2246 
 
 3221J 
 
 2736 
 
 30561 
 
 1452| 
 
 1663: 
 
 713! 
 
 1418{ 
 
 1749 
 
 25231 
 
 463j 
 
 329! 
 
 2243J 
 
 343i 
 
 8351 
 
 374, 
 
 4321' 
 
 25(;5l 
 
 2509' 
 
 1246J 
 
 061| 
 
 3819' 
 
 897| 
 
 439 
 
 1843 
 
 2337 
 
 17271 
 
 1238! 
 
 2113 
 
 25S2' 
 
 24:!9| 
 
 2467 
 
 1692' 
 
 1299 
 
 498. 
 
 2759 
 
 1031 
 
 7o;i| 
 
 57J 
 
 3563 
 
 1763 
 
 1862 
 
 227 
 
 3682 
 
 2917 
 
 1008 
 
 1044 
 
 46 
 
 15.38 
 
 1701 
 
 2304 
 
 1189 
 
 1165 
 
 671 
 
 304 
 
 1246 
 
 759 
 
 2075 
 
 116 
 
 59 
 
 861 
 
 333 
 
 502 
 
 141 
 
 2382 
 
 2414 
 
 1083 
 
 422 
 
 166 
 
 2853 
 
 631 
 
 220 
 
 579 
 
 1317 
 
 076 
 
 795 
 
 1661 
 
 2412 
 
 1315 
 
 1508 
 
 1341 
 
 987 
 
 39 
 
 1017 
 
 997 
 
 149 
 
 184 
 
 17133: 112121 
 59211 
 
 Total vote, 1877, 245,760, 1870 (lncluding3949 Greenback), 292,943. 
 
 VOTE FOR CONGRESSMEN, 1876. 
 
 District. 
 
 lU p. 
 
 I 
 
 171«8 
 
 Tf 
 
 
 16439 
 
 III. 
 
 
 174"3 
 
 IV 
 
 20770 
 
 V 
 
 1 9274 
 
 VI 
 
 18778 
 
 Dem. I R. Maj 
 
 14814 
 14683 
 16100 
 9379 
 11154 
 14719 
 
 2374 
 1756 
 1323 
 11391 
 
 8120 
 
 4o,",;t 
 
 Maj. '74. 
 
 32002 
 31122 
 33523 
 30149 
 
 30428 
 X'A'M 
 
 I). 1863 
 R. 657 
 D. 63 
 R. 3824 
 R. 5243 
 R. 2724 
 
 District. 
 
 Rep. 
 
 VII 19496 
 
 VIII 19358 
 
 IX 19563 
 
 Dem. 
 
 11688 
 15236 
 10583 
 
 168289 118356 
 
 i 
 
 R. Maj. 
 
 7808 
 4122 
 8980 
 
 31184 
 34594 
 30146 
 
 Maj. '74. 
 
 R. 2300 
 R. 2127 
 R. 5849 
 
 Total vote, 1874, 184,640 ; aggregate Republican majority, 24,524. *Including 5,460 Greenback votes.' 
 
Practical Rules for Every Day Use. 
 
 Soto to find the gain or loss per cent, tvhen the cost and selling price 
 are given. 
 
 Rule. — Find the difference between the cost and selHng price, which 
 will be the gain or loss. 
 
 Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost 
 price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent. 
 
 How to change gold into currency. 
 
 Rule. — -.Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold. 
 
 Hoiv to change currency into gold. 
 
 Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold. 
 
 Uoiv to find each partner's share of the gaiyi or loss in a copartnership 
 business. 
 
 Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- 
 tient will be the gain or loss per cent. 
 
 Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be 
 each one's share of the gain or loss. 
 
 How to find gross and net weight a^id price of hogs. 
 
 A short and simple method for finding the net iveight^ or price of hogs, 
 when the gross weight or price is given, and vice versa. 
 
 Note.— It is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diiuinislied by 1-5 or 20 per cent. 
 of itself gives the net weight, autl the net weight increased by K or 25 per cent, of itself equals the 
 gross weight. 
 
 To find the net iveight or gross price. 
 
 Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.) 
 
 To find the gross weight or 7iet price. 
 
 Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.) 
 
 ITotv to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or ivagon-bed. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 
 6308, and point off one decimal place — the result will be the correct 
 nswer in bushels and tenths of a bushel. 
 
 For only an ajjproximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and 
 point off one decimal place. 
 
 Hotv to find the contents of a corn-crib. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or 
 
 (2G5) 
 
206 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 
 
 by 4i ordinary method, and point off one decimal i^lace — the result will 
 be the answer in bushels. 
 
 Note —In estimating corn in the ear, the quality and the time it has been cribbed must be taken 
 Into consideration, since corn will shrinlc considerably during the Winter and Spring. This rule generally holds 
 good for corn measured at the time it is cribbed, provided it is sound and clean. 
 
 How to find the contents of a cistern or tank. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all 
 in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off one 
 decimal place — the result will be the contents in barrels of 31^ gallons. 
 
 How to find the contents of a barrel or cask. 
 
 Rule. — Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length 
 (all in inches) in reverpj:d order, so that its units will fall under the 
 TENS ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point 
 off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons. 
 
 Hoiv to measure boards. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and 
 divide the product by 12 — the result will be the contents in square feet. 
 
 How to measure scantlings^ joists, planks, sills, etc. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together 
 (the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide 
 the product by 12 — the result will be square feet. 
 
 Jlotv to find the mimber of acres in a body of land. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the 
 product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a 
 remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths. 
 
 When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, 
 add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width. 
 
 Hoiv to find the number of square yards in a foor or loall. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and 
 divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards. 
 
 How to find the number of bricks required in a building. 
 
 RuLK. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22J. 
 
 The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height 
 nd thickness (in feet) together. 
 
 Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches 
 thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, 
 but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space. 
 
 How to find the number of shingles required in a roof. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the 
 shingles are exposed 4^ inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches. 
 
 To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by 
 twice the length of the rafters. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 267 
 
 To find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the 
 width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at one-third pitch, by ,6 
 (tenths) ; at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at one-half 
 pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from 
 the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be 
 taken into consideration. 
 
 Note.— By 3< or 3^ pitch is meant tliat tlie apex or comb of tUe roof Is to be X or X the wldtb of the 
 building higher than the walls or base of the rafters. " 
 
 Hota to reckon the cost of hay. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, 
 and remove the decimal point three places to the left. 
 
 How to measure grain. 
 
 Rule. — Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic 
 feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to 
 the left. 
 
 Note.— E.xactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel. 
 
 The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by 
 multiplying the number of bushels by 8. 
 
 If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find 
 the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of eai 
 corn to make 1 of shelled corn. 
 
 Rapid rules for measuring land tvithout iyistruments. 
 
 In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any 
 given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the 
 number of rods and acres. 
 
 The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, 
 an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on 
 the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes. 
 
 To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to 
 walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line 
 straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- 
 ing, keep these objects constantly in line. 
 
 Farmers and others hy adopting the folloiving simple and ingenious con- 
 trivance., may always carry ivith them the scale to construct a correct yard 
 measure. 
 
 Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger oJ 
 the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the 
 left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink. 
 
 To find how many rods in length tvill make an acre., the width being given,. 
 Rule. — Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer. 
 
268 MISCELLA.NEOUS INFORMATION. 
 
 Hoto to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods 
 being given. 
 
 Rule. — Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, 
 and remove the decimal point two places to the left. 
 
 The diameter being given, to find the circumference. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7. 
 
 Hoio to find the diameter, when the circumference is given. 
 
 Rule. — Divide the circumference by 3 1-7. 
 
 To find hoiv many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- 
 ness throughout will contain when squared. 
 
 Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply 
 by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144. 
 
 General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and 
 then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144. 
 
 To find the number of feet of timber in trees ivith the bark on. 
 
 Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in 
 inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 
 1-15 according to the thickness of the bark. 
 
 Soivard s new rule for computing interest. 
 
 Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest 
 on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal 
 point two places to the left ; for ten times that time, remove the point 
 one place to the left ; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three 
 places to the left. 
 
 Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given. 
 
 NoTE.-Tlie reciproial of the rate is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent, per month, jn- 
 verted, l)ecomos }i of a month, or 10 ilays. 
 
 When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, 
 three ones. 
 
 Hule for converting English into American currency. 
 Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, 
 by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90. 
 
 U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE. 
 
 A township — 36 sections each a mile square. 
 A section — 640 acres. 
 
 A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres. 
 An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter 
 of a mile wide — 80 acres. 
 
 A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 269 
 
 The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east 
 corner. 
 
 The sections are divided into quarters, which are named bv the 
 cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- 
 scription of a forty acre lot would read : The south half of the west half of 
 the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, 
 or as the case might be ; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes 
 overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain. 
 
 The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile. 
 
 SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 
 
 7 92-100 inches make 1 link. 
 
 25 links " 1 rod. 
 
 4 rods " 1 chain. 
 
 80 chains " 1 mile. 
 
 Note. — A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet. 
 
 Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- 
 corn ; three of which made an inch. 
 
 Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of 
 measure is four inches — called a hand. 
 
 In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes 
 used, which is a length of nine inches. 
 
 The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length. 
 
 The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length. 
 
 A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches. 
 
 A fathom is equal to 6 feet. 
 
 A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly 
 speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal 
 to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said 
 to be a league. 
 
 In cloth measure an aune is equal to li yards, or 45 inches. 
 
 An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches. 
 
 A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches. 
 
 A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches. 
 
 HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, 
 should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- 
 ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunit}^ of ac- 
 quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here 
 present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, 
 and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics 
 and laborers. 
 
270 
 
 3IISCELLAI«EOUS INFORMATION. 
 
 1875. 
 
 A. H. JACKSOX. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 10 
 
 i; 
 
 17 
 
 Feb. 
 
 4 
 
 u 
 
 4 
 
 March 
 
 8 
 
 (( 
 
 8 
 
 (i 
 
 13 
 
 (( 
 
 27 
 
 April 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 May 
 
 G 
 24 
 
 July 
 
 4 
 
 To 7 bushels Wheat at 81.25 
 
 By shoeing span of Horses ,.. 
 
 To 14 bushels Oats at S .45 
 
 To 5 lbs. Butter at .25 
 
 By new Harrow - - 
 
 By sharpening 2 Plows 
 
 By new Double-Tree 
 
 To Cow and Calf , 
 
 To half ton of Hay 
 
 By Cash : - - 
 
 By repairing Corn-Planter 
 
 To one Sow with Pigs 
 
 By Cash, to balance account .. 
 
 88 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 48 
 6 
 
 17 
 
 888 
 
 50 
 
 05 
 
 82 
 
 18 
 2 
 
 25 
 4 
 
 35 
 
 888 
 
 50 
 
 00 
 40 
 
 00 
 75 
 
 15 
 
 05 
 
 1875. 
 
 CASS A MASON. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 March 21 
 " 21 
 " 23 
 
 May 1 
 1 
 
 By 3 days' labor 
 
 To 2 Shoats 
 
 To 18 bushels Corn 
 
 By 1 month's Labor .. . 
 
 at 81.25 
 
 at 3.00 
 
 at .45 
 
 8G 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 00 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 75 
 70 
 
 00 
 20 
 
 $3 
 
 25 
 12 
 
 18 
 9 
 
 75 
 00 
 
 To Cash . - - - - 
 
 
 June 19 
 
 By 8 days' Mowing 
 
 at 81.50 
 
 00 
 
 " 26 
 
 To 50 lbs. Flour 
 
 
 July 10 
 " 29 
 
 Aug. 12 
 " 12 
 
 To 27 lbs. Meat 
 
 at 8 .10 
 
 
 By 9 days' Harvesting 
 
 By G days' Labor 
 
 To Cash .. 
 
 at 2.00 
 
 at 1.50 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 Sept. 1 
 
 To Cash to balance account 
 
 
 
 
 
 867 
 
 75 
 
 867 
 
 75 
 
 INTEREST TABLE. 
 
 A SiMPLK RCLK FOR ACCURATELY COMPOTINO INTEREST AT ANY GiVBX PkK CENT. VOR ANY 
 
 Length op Time. 
 Multiply the principal (.amount of money at interest) by the Uinc reduced to days; then divide this product 
 by the Quotient obtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the interest year; by the per cent, of interest, 
 andt/ie quotient thus obtained will be the required interest. 
 
 ILLUSTRATION. Solution. 
 
 Requlretholnterestof S462.50for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An $462.50 
 
 Interest month is 30 days; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. S4b2.50 multi- .48 
 
 plied by .48 gives S222. 0000; 360 divided by 6 (the ))er cent, of interest ) gives 60, and 
 
 «22-).0000 divided l)y 60 will give vou the exact interest, which is S3. 70. Iftherateof 370000 
 
 interest in tlie altove example were 12 per cent., we would divide the §222.0000 by 30 6)360 \ 185000 
 
 (because 360 divided by 12 gives 3()); If 4 per cent., we would divide by 90; if 8 per 1 
 
 cent., by 45: and in liko manner for any other per cent, 60/$222. 0000(83.70 
 
 180 
 
 420 
 420 
 
 12 units, or things, 1 Dozen. 
 12 dozen, 1 Gross. 
 20 things, 1 Score. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS TABLE. 
 
 196 pounds, 1 Rarrel of Flour, j 24 sheets of paper, 1 Quire. 
 200 pounds, 1 IJarrel of Pork. 20 quires paper 1 Ream. 
 1 56 pounds, 1 Firkin of Butter. | 4 ft. wide, 4 f. high, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 271 
 
 NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS. 
 
 Virginia. — The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen 
 Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made 
 his first attempt to colonize that region. 
 
 Florida. — Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter 
 Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was 
 the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers." 
 
 Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time 
 owned that section of the country. 
 
 Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." 
 
 Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River." 
 
 Arkansas, from Kansas, the Indian word for " smoky water." Its 
 prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow." 
 
 The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," 
 after Charles the Ninth of France. 
 
 G-eorgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first 
 established a colony there in 1732. 
 
 Tennessee is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," i. e., the 
 Mississippi which forms its western boundary. 
 
 Kentucky is the Indian name for " at the head of the river." 
 
 Ohio means " beautiful ; " Iowa, " drowsy ones ; " Minnesota, " cloudy 
 water," and Wisconsin, "wild-rushing channel." 
 
 Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French 
 suffix ols, together signifying " tribe of men." 
 
 3Iichigan was called by the name given the Isike, fish-weir, which was 
 so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap. 
 
 Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly 
 applies to the river that flows through it. 
 
 Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river. 
 
 Cortes named California. 
 
 Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills." 
 
 Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying " Long 
 River." 
 
 Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of 
 England. 
 
 New York was named by the Duke of York. 
 
 Pennsyhiania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William 
 Penn, its orignal owner. 
 
272 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 
 
 Delaware after Lord De La Ware. 
 
 Neiv Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was 
 Governor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel. 
 
 Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- 
 ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. 
 
 Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green 
 Mountain. 
 
 Neiv Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was 
 formerly called Laconia. 
 
 The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of 
 Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly 
 resemble. 
 
 Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that 
 section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States. 
 
 POPULATION OF THE 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 States and Territories. 
 
 Total 
 Population. 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 California 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Florida 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Maine 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Nebraslia 
 
 Nevada 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New York 
 
 North Carolina .. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 8outh Carolina... 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Texas 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Virginia 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 Wisconsin .. 
 
 Total States., 
 
 Arizona 
 
 Colorada 
 
 Dakota 
 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Montana 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 tJtJh 
 
 VCasnlngton 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 Total Territories ... 
 Total United States. 
 
 996, 992 
 
 484.471 
 
 560,247 
 
 537,454 
 
 125,015 
 
 187,748 
 
 1.184,109 
 
 2,539,891 
 
 1,680,637 
 
 1,191,792 
 
 364,399 
 
 1,321,011 
 
 726,915 
 
 626,915 
 
 780,894 
 
 1.457,351 
 
 1,184,059 
 
 439,706 
 
 827,922 
 
 1,721,295 
 
 122,993 
 
 42,491 
 
 318.300 
 
 906.096 
 
 4,382.759 
 
 1,071,361 
 
 2,66.5,260 
 
 90.923 
 
 3.521,791 
 
 217,353 
 
 705,606 
 
 1,258,520 
 
 818,579 
 
 330,551 
 
 1,225,163 
 
 442.014 
 
 1,054,670 
 
 38.113,253 
 
 9,658 
 39,864 
 14,181 
 131.700 
 14,999 
 20,595 
 91,874 
 86,786 
 23,955 
 9,118 
 
 442,730 
 
 38.555,983 
 
 POPULATION OF FIFTY 
 PRINCIPAL CITIES. 
 
 Aggregate 
 Population. 
 
 New York, N. Y 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y 
 
 St. Louis, Mo 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 New Orleans, La. ... 
 San Francisco, cal. . . 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y 
 
 Washington, D. C... 
 
 Newark, N.J 
 
 Louisville, Ky 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa 
 
 Jersey City. N. J 
 
 Detroit. Mich 
 
 Milwaukee. Wis 
 
 Albany. N. Y 
 
 Providence, R. I 
 
 Rochester, N. Y 
 
 Allegheny, Pa 
 
 Richmond, Va 
 
 New Haven, Conn... 
 
 Chirleston, .S. C 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind 
 
 Troy, N. Y 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y.. 
 
 Worcester, Mass 
 
 Lowell, Mass 
 
 Memphis, Tenii 
 
 Caml)ridge, Mass 
 
 Hartford. Conn 
 
 .Scranton, Pa 
 
 Reading, Pa 
 
 Paterson. N. J 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 Mot)ile, Ala 
 
 Toledo, Ohio 
 
 Portland, Me 
 
 Columbus, Ohio 
 
 Wilmington, Del 
 
 Dayton, Ohio 
 
 Lawrence, Mass 
 
 Utica. N. Y 
 
 Charlestown, Mass. 
 
 Savannah, Ga 
 
 Lynn. Mass 
 
 Fall River. Mass 
 
 942,292 
 
 674,022 
 
 396,099 
 
 310,864 
 
 298.977 
 
 267,354 
 
 2,50, ,526 
 
 216,239 
 
 191,418 
 
 149.473 
 
 117,714 
 
 109,199 
 
 105,059 
 
 100.753 
 
 92,829 
 
 86,076 
 
 82,546 
 
 79,577 
 
 71,440 
 
 69,422 
 
 68,904 
 
 62,386 
 
 53.180 
 
 51,038 
 
 50.840 
 
 48,956 
 
 48.244 
 
 46.465 
 
 43,051 
 
 41,105 
 
 40,928 
 
 40.226 
 
 39,634 
 
 37,180 
 
 35,092 
 
 33.930 
 
 33,579 
 
 32,260 
 
 32,034 
 
 31,584 
 
 31,413 
 
 31,274 
 
 30.841 
 
 80,473 
 
 28,921 
 
 28,804 
 
 28,323 
 
 28,235 
 
 28,233 
 
 26,766 
 
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 
 
 273 
 
 POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 States and 
 Territouies. 
 
 states. 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 California 
 
 Connectirut 
 
 Delaware 
 
 FlorUla 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Maine 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Massachusetts.. . 
 
 Michigan* 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Nebraslva 
 
 Nevada 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New Yorlv 
 
 North Carolina.. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Oregon 
 
 * Last Census of 
 
 Area m 
 square 
 
 198 
 981 
 674 
 120 
 268 
 OUO 
 410 
 809 
 045 
 318 
 600 
 346 
 776 
 184 
 800 
 451 
 531 
 156 
 350 
 9P5 
 090 
 280 
 320 
 000 
 704 
 964 
 244 
 Mich 
 
 POPl'LATION 
 
 Milesi 
 R. K.| 
 1875. II 
 
 1,350,544 
 528,349 
 
 857,039 
 
 996,992 
 
 484.471 
 
 560,247 
 
 537,454 
 
 135,015 
 
 187,748 
 ,184,109 
 ,539,891 
 ,680,637 
 ,191.792 
 
 364,399 
 ,321,011 
 
 726,915 
 
 626,915 
 
 780,894 
 ,457,351 
 ,184,059 
 
 439,706 
 
 827,922 
 ,721,295 
 
 123.993 
 42,491 
 
 318,300 
 
 906,096 
 ,382,759 
 ,071,361 
 ,66.5,260 
 90,933 
 igan taken in 1874- 
 
 1,651,912 
 1,334,031 
 
 598,439 
 
 246.380 
 52,540 
 
 1,026,502 
 4,705,308 
 
 State.s and 
 Territories. 
 
 States. 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 South Carolina... 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Texas 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Virginia 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 Total States. 
 
 Territories. 
 
 Arizona 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Jlontana 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 Utah 
 
 Washington 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 Total Territories. 
 
 Area in 
 square 
 Miles. 
 
 46,000 
 1,306 
 29,385 
 45,600 
 237,504 
 10,212 
 40,904 
 23,000 
 53,934 
 
 1,950,171 
 
 113,916 
 
 104,500 
 
 147,490 
 
 60 
 
 90,932 
 
 143,776 
 
 121.201 
 
 80,056 
 
 69,944 
 
 93,107 
 
 965,032 
 
 roPfLATIOX. 
 
 1870. 
 
 3,521,791 
 217,353 
 705,606 
 
 1,358,520 
 818,579 
 330,551 
 
 1,225,163 
 442,014 
 
 1,054.670 
 
 38,113,253 
 
 9,658 
 39,864 
 14,181 
 131,700 
 14,999 
 20,595 
 91.874 
 86,786 
 23.955 
 
 9,118 
 
 442,730 
 
 258,239 
 935,145 
 
 1,236,' 
 
 Miles 
 11. R. 
 
 1872. 
 
 5,113 
 136 
 
 1.201 
 
 1,520 
 865 
 675 
 
 1,490 
 485 
 
 1,725 
 
 59,587 
 
 375 
 
 ■498 
 
 1.265 
 
 Aggregate of U. S.. 2,915,203 38,555,983 C0,853 
 
 * Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland. 
 
 PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; 
 
 ]^OPULATION AND ArEA. 
 
 Countries. 
 
 China 
 
 British Empire 
 
 Russia 
 
 United States with Alaska 
 
 France 
 
 Austria and Hungary 
 
 Japan " 
 
 Great Britain and Ireland 
 
 German Empire 
 
 Italy 
 
 Spam 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Turkey 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Sweden and Norway 
 
 Persia 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Bavaria 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Holland 
 
 New Grenada 
 
 Chili 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Peru 
 
 Bolivia 
 
 Argentine Republic 
 
 Wurtemburg 
 
 Denmark 
 
 Venezuela 
 
 Baden 
 
 Greece 
 
 Guatemala 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 Paraguay 
 
 Hesse 
 
 Liberia 
 
 San Salvador 
 
 Hayti 
 
 Nicaragua 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Hondu ras 
 
 San Domingo 
 
 Costa Rica 
 
 Hawaii 
 
 Population. 
 
 446,500.000 
 
 236,817,108 
 
 81,935,410 
 
 38,935,600 
 
 .36,469.800 
 
 35.904,400 
 
 34,78,5.300 
 
 31,817,100 
 
 29,906,093 
 
 37.439,921 
 
 16,642,000 
 
 10,000.000 
 
 16,463,000 
 
 9,173,000 
 
 5,931,500 
 
 5,000,000 
 
 5,021,300 
 
 4,861,400 
 
 3,995,200 
 
 3,688.300 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 3,669,100 
 
 2,500,000 
 
 2,000.000 
 
 1,812,000 
 
 1,818,-500 
 
 1,784,700 
 
 1,500,000 
 
 1,461,400 
 
 1,457.900 
 
 1,180,000 
 
 1,300,000 
 
 1.000,000 
 
 823,138 
 
 718,000 
 
 600,000 
 
 572.000 
 
 3.50,000 
 
 300,000 
 
 350,000 
 
 136,000 
 
 165,000 
 
 62,950 
 
 Date of 
 Census. 
 
 1871 
 1871 
 1871 
 1870 
 1866 
 1869 
 1871 
 1871 
 1871 
 1871 
 1867 
 
 1869 
 1870 
 1870 
 1869 
 1871 
 1868 
 1870 
 1870 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 
 '1869 
 1871 
 1870 
 
 "isVi 
 
 1870 
 1871 
 
 1871 
 
 'isVi 
 
 1871 
 
 '1871 
 1871 
 1871 
 
 'is'fo 
 
 Inhabitants 
 
 to Square 
 
 Mile. 
 
 119.3 
 
 48.6 
 
 10.3 
 
 7.78 
 
 178.7 
 
 149.4 
 
 333.8 
 
 362.3 
 
 187. 
 
 230.9 
 
 85. 
 
 3.07 
 34.4 
 
 20. 
 7.8 
 441.5 
 165.9 
 115.8 
 290.9 
 8.4 
 15.1 
 166.9 
 5.3 
 4. 
 3.1 
 241.4 
 120.9 
 4.2 
 247. 
 75.3 
 28.9 
 5.9 
 15.6 
 277. 
 74.9 
 81.8 
 56. 
 6. 
 6.5 
 7.4 
 7.6 
 7.7 
 80. 
 
 Pekln 
 
 Loudon 
 
 St. Petersburg. 
 Washington ... 
 
 Paris 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Yeddo 
 
 London 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Rome 
 
 Madrid 
 
 Rio Janeiro 
 
 Constantinople 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Stockholm 
 
 Teheran 
 
 Brussels 
 
 Munich 
 
 Lisbon 
 
 Hague 
 
 Bogota 
 
 .Santiago 
 
 Berne 
 
 Lima 
 
 Chuquisaca 
 
 Buenos Ay res.. 
 
 Stuttgart 
 
 Copenhagen 
 
 Caraccas 
 
 Carlsruhe 
 
 Athens 
 
 Guatemala 
 
 Quito 
 
 Asuncion 
 
 Darmstadt 
 
 Monrovia 
 
 Sal Salvador . . . 
 Port au Prince 
 
 Managua 
 
 Monte Video... 
 
 Comayagua 
 
 San Domingo... 
 
 San Jose 
 
 Honolulu 
 
 Population. 
 
 1,648,800 
 
 3,251,800 
 
 667,000 
 
 109,199 
 
 1,835,300 
 
 833,900 
 
 1,554,900 
 
 3,351,800 
 
 825,400 
 
 244,484 
 
 333,000 
 
 420,000 
 
 1,075,000 
 
 210.300 
 
 136,900 
 
 120,000 
 
 314,100 
 
 169,500 
 
 S24.063 
 
 90,100 
 
 45,000 
 
 115,400 
 
 36,000 
 
 160,100 
 
 25,000 
 
 177.800 
 
 91,600 
 
 162,042 
 
 47,000 
 
 36,600 
 
 43,400 
 
 40,000 
 
 70,000 
 
 48,000 
 
 30.000 
 
 3,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 20,000 
 
 10,000 
 
 44,500 
 
 12.000 
 
 20.000 
 
 2,000 
 
 7,633 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. 
 
 Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed 
 according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on 
 Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed 
 or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the 
 State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- 
 vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before 
 due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in 
 obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit 
 against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to 
 order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. 
 Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, 
 every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise 
 expressed. 
 
 In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall 
 be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, 
 a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest 
 when so expressed ; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not 
 stated. 
 
 INTEREST. 
 
 The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, 
 on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten 
 per cent, is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent, to the school 
 fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered. 
 
 DESCENT. 
 
 The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- 
 ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, 
 as exempt from execution ; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve 
 months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including 
 life insurance, descends as does real estate. 
 
 One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by 
 husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution 
 or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relin(|uishment of her 
 right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him. 
 
 The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased 
 wife. 
 
 The widow's share cannot be affected by any will of her husband's, unless 
 she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- 
 visions of the will. 
 
276 " ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband 
 
 or surviving wife. i . j- j 
 
 Subject to the above, the remaining estate of which the decedent died 
 siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend 
 
 First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts ; the 
 descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their 
 deceased parents in equal shares among them. 
 
 Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no 
 widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; 
 the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole ; and if there is no 
 parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- 
 ants. 
 
 Thii-d. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- 
 dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to 
 such widoAv or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate 
 shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, 
 or child or children, or descendants of the same. 
 
 Fourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of 
 either of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to 
 like rules. 
 
 Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- 
 scendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child, 
 parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or 
 surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State. 
 
 WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS. 
 
 No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. 
 Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age 
 of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will ; it must 
 be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and 
 by his or her express direction, and attested by two or more competent wit- 
 nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. 
 Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from 
 date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- 
 tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of 
 sale of real estate, five per cent, for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half 
 per cent, on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent, on overplus 
 above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- 
 ble for extra services. 
 
 Within ten days after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor 
 or administrator shall give such notice of appointment as the court or clerk shall 
 direct. 
 
 Claims (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are 
 forever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or 
 unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to equitable relief. 
 
 Claims are classed and payable in the following order: 
 
 1. Expenses of administration. 
 
 2. Expenses of last sickness and funeral. 
 
 3. Allowance to Avidow and children, if made by the court. 
 
 4. Debts preferred under laws of the United States. 
 o. Public rates and taxes. 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 277 
 
 6. Claims filed within six months after the first publication of the notice 
 given by the executors of their appointment, 
 
 7. All other debts. 
 
 8. Legacies. 
 
 The award, or property which must be set apart to the widow, in her own 
 right, by the executor, includes all personal property which, in the hands of the 
 deceased, as head of a family, would have been exempt from execution. 
 
 TAXES. 
 
 The owners of personal property, on the first day of January of each year, 
 and the owners of real property on the first day of November of each year, are 
 liable for the taxes thereon. 
 
 The following property is exempt from taxation, viz. : 
 
 1. The property of the United States and of this State, including univer- 
 sity, agricultural, college and school lands and all property leased to the State ; 
 property of a county, township, city, incorporated town or school district when 
 devoted entirely to the public use and not held for pecuniary profit ; public 
 grounds, including all places for the burial of the dead; fire engines and all 
 implements for extinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for their 
 buildings and for the meetings of the fire companies ; all public libraries, 
 grounds and buildings of literary, scientific, benevolent, agricultural and reli- 
 gious institutions, and societies devoted solely to the appropriate objects of these 
 institutions, not exceeding 640 acres in extent, and not leased or otherAvise used 
 with a view of pecuniary profit ; and all property leased to agricultural, charit- 
 able institutions and benevolent societies, and so devoted during the term of such 
 lease ; provided, that all deeds, by which such property is held, shall be duly 
 filed for record before the property therein described shall be omitted from the 
 assessment. 
 
 2. The books, papers and apparatus belonging to the above institutions ; 
 used solely for the purposes above contemplated, and the like property of stu- 
 dents in any such institution, used for their education. 
 
 3. Money and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions and devoted 
 solely to sustaining them, but not exceeding in amount or income the sum pre- 
 scribed by their charter. 
 
 4. Animals not hereafter specified, the wool shorn from sheep, belonging to 
 the person giving the list, his fiirm produce harvested within one year previous 
 to the listing; private libraries not exceeding three hundred dollars in value; 
 family pictures, kitchen furniture, beds and bedding requisite for each family, 
 all wearing apparel in actual use, and all food provided for the fiimily ; but no 
 person from whom a compensation for board or lodging is received or expected, 
 is to be considered a member of the family within the intent of this clause. 
 
 5. The polls or estates of both of persons who, by reason of age or infirm- 
 ity may, in the opinion of the Assessor, be unable to contribute to the public 
 revenue ; such opinion and the fact upon which it is based, being in all cases 
 reported to the Board of Equalization by the Assessor or any other person, and 
 subject to reversal by them. 
 
 G. The farming utensils of any person who makes his livelihood by farming, 
 and the tools of any mechanic, not in either case to exceed three hundred dollars 
 in value. 
 
 7. Government lands entered or located or lands purchased from this State, 
 should not be taxed for the year in which the entry, location or purchase is 
 made. 
 
278 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 There is also a suitable exemption, in amount, for planting fruit trees or 
 
 forest trees or hedges. 
 
 Where buildings are destroyed by fire, tornado or other unavoidable casu- 
 alty, after being ifssessed for the year, the Board of Supervisors may rebate 
 taxes for that year on the property destroyed, if same lias not been sold for 
 taxes, and if said taxes have not been delinquent for thirty days at the time of 
 destruction of the property, and the rebate shall be allowed for such loss only 
 as is not covered by insurance. 
 
 All other property is subject to taxation. Every inhabitant of full age and 
 sound mind shall assist the Assessor in listing all taxable property of which 
 he is the owner, or which he controls or manages, either as agent, guardian, 
 father, husband, trustee, executor, accounting officer, partner, mortgagor or 
 lessor, mortgagee or lessee. 
 
 Road beds of railway corporations shall not be assessed to owners of adja- 
 cent property, but shall be considered the property of the companies for pur- 
 poses of taxation ; nor shall real estate used as a public highway be assessed 
 and taxed as part of adjacent lands whence the same was taken for such public 
 purpose. 
 
 The property of railway, telegraph and express companies shall be listed 
 and assessed for taxation as the property of an individual would be listed and 
 assessed for taxation. Collection of taxes made as in the case of an individual. 
 
 The Township Board of Equalization shall meet first Monday in April of 
 each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 
 
 The County Board of E(|alization (the Board of Supervisors) meet at their 
 regular session in June of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 
 
 Taxes become delinquent February 1st of each year, payable, without 
 interest or penalty, at any time before March 1st of each year. 
 
 Tax sale is held on first Monday in October of each year. 
 
 Redemption may be made at any time within three years after date of sale, 
 by paying to the County Auditor the amount of sale, and twenty fer centum of 
 such amount immediately added as penalty, ivith ten i^er cent, interest per 
 annum on the whole amount thus made from the day of sale, and also all sub- 
 sequent taxes, interest and costs paid by purchaser after March 1st of each 
 year, and a &\m\hxv 2^enalty of twenty per centum added as before, with ten per 
 cent, interest as before. 
 
 If notice has been given, by purchaser, of the date at which the redemption 
 is limited, the cost of same is added to the redemption money. Ninety days' 
 notice is required, by the statute, to be published by the purchaser or holder of 
 certificate, to terminate the right of redemption. 
 
 JURISDICTION OF COURTS. 
 
 DISTRICT COURTS 
 have jurisdiction, general and original, both civil and criminal, except in such 
 cases where Circuit Courts have exclusive jurisdiction. District Courts have 
 exelnsu'e supervision over courts of Justices of the Peace and Magistsates, in 
 criminal matters, on appeal and writs of error. 
 
 CIRCUIT COURTS 
 have jurisdiction, general and original, with the District Courts, in all civil 
 actions and sipecial livoceedings, und exclusive jurisdiction in all appeals and 
 writs of error from inferior courts, in civil matters. And exclusive jurisdiction 
 in matters of estates and general probate business. 
 
 J 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 279 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 
 have jurisdiction in civil matters where $100 or less is involved. By consent 
 of parties, the jurisdiction may be extended to an amount not exceeding $300. 
 They have jurisdiction to try and determine all public oifense less than felony, 
 committed within their respective counties, in which tlce fine, by law, does not 
 exceed ^100 or the imprisonment thirty days. 
 
 LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. 
 
 Action for injuries to the person or reputation; for a stutute penalty; and 
 to enforce a mechanics' lien, must be brought in two (2) years. 
 
 Those against a public officer within three (3) years. 
 
 Those founded on unwritten contracts; for injuries to property; for relief 
 on the ground of fraud ; and all other actions not otherwise provided for, within 
 five (5) years. 
 
 Those founded on written contracts; on judgments of any court (except 
 those provided for in next section), and for the recovery of real property, within 
 ten (10) years. 
 
 Those founded on judgment of any court of record in the United States, 
 within twenty (20) years. 
 
 All above limits, except those for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in 
 favor of minors and insane persons, until one year after the disability is removed 
 — time during which defendant is a non-resident of the State shall not be 
 included in computing any of the above periods. 
 
 Actions for the recovery of real property, sold for non-payment of taxes, 
 must be brought within five years after the Treasurer's Deed is executed 
 and recorded, except where a minor or convict or insane person is the owner, 
 and they shall be allowed five years after disability is removed, in which to 
 bring action. 
 
 JURORS. 
 
 All qualified electors of the State, of good moral character, sound judgment, 
 and in full possession of the senses of hearing and seeing, are competent jurors 
 in their respective counties. 
 
 United States officers, practicing attorneys, physicians and clergymen, 
 acting professors or teachers in institutions of learning, and persons disabled by 
 bodily infirmity or over sixty-five years of age, are exempt from liability to act 
 as jurors. 
 
 Any person may be excused from serving on a jury when his own interests 
 or the public's will be materially injured by his attendance, or when the state of 
 his health or the death, or sickness of his family requires his absence. 
 
 A MARRIED WOMAN 
 
 may convey or incumber real estate, or interest therein, belonging to her ; may 
 control the same or contract with reference thereto, as other persons may con- 
 vey, encumber, control or contract. 
 
 She may own, acquire, hold, convey and devise property, as her husband 
 
 Her husband is not liable for civil injuries committed by her. 
 
 She may convey property to her husband, and he may convey to her. 
 
 She may constitute her husband her attorney in fact. 
 
280 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION. 
 
 A resident of the State and head of a family may hold the following prop- 
 erty exempt from execution : All wearing apparel of himself and family kept for 
 actual use and suitable to the condition, and the trunks or other receptacles nec- 
 essary to contain the same ; one musket or rifle and shot-gun ; all private 
 libraries, family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, and paintings 
 not kept for the purpose of sale ; a seat or pew occupied by the debtor or his 
 family in any house of public worship ; an interest in a public or private burying 
 ground not exceeding one acre; two cows and a calf; one horse, unless a horse 
 is exempt as hereinafter provided ; fifty sheep and the wool therefrom, and the 
 materials manufactured from said wool ; six stands of bees ; live hogs and all 
 pigs under six months ; the necessary food for exempted animals for six months ; 
 all flax raised from one acre of ground, and manufactures therefrom ; one bed- 
 stead and necessary bedding for every two in the family ; all cloth manufactured 
 by the defendant not exceeding one hundred yards ; household and kitchen fur- 
 niture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value ; all spinning wheels and 
 looms ; one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic laber kept for 
 actual use ; the necessary provisions and fuel for the use of the family for six 
 months ; the proper tools, instruments, or books of the debtor, if a farmer, 
 mechanic, surveyor, clergyman, lawyer, physician, teacher or professor ; the 
 horse or the team, consisting of not more than two horses or mules, or two yokes 
 of cattle, and the wagon or other vehicle, with the proper harness or tackle, by 
 the use of which the debtor, if a physician, public officer, farmer, teamster or 
 other laborer, habitually earns his living ; and to the debtor, if a printer, there 
 shall also be exempt a printing press and the types, furniture and material nec- 
 essary for the use of such printing press, and a newspaper office to the value of 
 twelve hundred dollars ; the earnings of such debtor, or those of his family, at 
 any time within ninety days next preceding the levy. 
 
 Persons unmarried and not the head of a family, and non-residents, have 
 exempt their own ordinary wearing apparel and trunks to contain the same. 
 
 There is also exempt, to a head of a family, a homestead, not exceeding forty 
 acres ; or, if inside city limits, one-half acre with improvements, value not 
 limited. The homestead is liable for all debts contracted prior to its ac(juisition 
 as such, and is subject to mechanics' liens for work or material furnished for the 
 same. 
 
 An article, otherwise exempt, is liable, on execution, for the purchase 
 money thereof 
 
 Where a debtor, if a head of a family, has started to leave the State, he shall 
 have exempt only the ordinary wearing apparel of himself and family, and 
 other property in addition, as he may select, in all not exceeding seventv-five 
 dollars in value. 
 
 ESTRAYS. 
 
 An unbroken animal shall not be taken up as an estray between May 1st 
 and November 1st, of each year, unless the same be found within the lawful 
 enclosure of a householder, who alone can take up such animal, unless some 
 other person gives him notice of the fact of such animal coming on his place; 
 and if he fails, within five days thereafter, to take up such estray, any other 
 householder of the township may take up such estray and proceed with it as if 
 taken on his own premises, provided he shall prove to the Justice of the Peace 
 such notice, and shall make aflSdavit where such estray was taken up. 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 281 
 
 Any swine, sheep, goat, horse, neat cattle or other animal distrained (for 
 damage done to one's enclosure), when the owner is not known, shall be treated 
 as an estray. 
 
 Within five days after taking up an estray, notice, containing a full descrip- 
 tion thereof, shall be posted up in three of the most public places in the town- 
 ship ; and in ten days, the person taking up such estray shall go before a Justice 
 of the Peace in the township and make oath as to where such estray Avas taken 
 up, and that the marks or brands have not been altered, to his knowledge. The 
 estray shall then be appraised, by order of the Justice, and the appraisement, 
 description of the size, age, color, sex, marks and brands of the estray shall be 
 entered by the Justice in a book kept for that purpose, and he shall, within ten 
 days thereafter, send a certified copy thereof to the County Auditor. 
 
 When the appraised value of an estray does not exceed five dollars, the 
 Justice need not proceed further than to enter the description of the estray on 
 his book, and if no owner appears within six months, the property shall vest in 
 the finder, if he has complied with the law and paid all costs. 
 
 Where appraised value of estray exceeds five and is less than ten dollars, if 
 no OAvner appears in nine months, the finder has the property, if he has com- 
 plied with the law and paid costs. 
 
 An estray, legally taken up, may be used or worked with care and 
 moderation. 
 
 If any person unlaAvfulIy take up an estray, or take up an estray and fail to 
 comply with the law regarding estrays. or use or Avork it contrary to above, or 
 work it before having it appraised, or keep such estray out of the county more 
 than five days at one time, before acquiring OAvnership, such offender shall foifeit 
 to the county twenty dollars, and the owner may recover double damages Avith 
 costs. 
 
 If the owner of any estray fail to claim and prove his title for one year after 
 the taking up, and the finder shall have complied with the law, a complete title 
 vests in the finder. 
 
 But if the OAvner appear Avithin eighteen months from the taking up, prove 
 his ownership and pay all costs and expenses, the finder shall pay him the 
 appraised value of such estray, or may, at his option, deliver up the estray. 
 
 MARKS AND BRANDS. 
 
 Any person may adopt his own mark or brand for his domestic animals, and 
 have a description thereof recorded by the Township Clerk. 
 
 No person shall adopt the recorded mark or brand of any other person 
 residing in his toAvnship. 
 
 DAMAGES FROM TRESPASS. 
 
 When any person's lands are enclosed by a Imvful fence, the owner of any 
 domestic animal injuring said lands is liable for the damages, and the damages 
 may be recovered by suit against the owner, or may be made by distraining the 
 animals doing the damage ; and if the party injured elects to recover by action 
 against the owner, no appraisement need be made by the Trustees, as in case of 
 distraint. 
 
 When trespassing animals are distrained within tAventy-four hours, Sunday 
 not included, the party injured shall notify the owner of said animals, if known ; 
 and if the owner fails to satisfy the party within twenty-four hours thereafter, 
 
282 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 the party .shall have the township Trustees assess the damage, and notice shall 
 be posted up in three conspicuous places in the township, that the stock, or part 
 thereof, shall, on the tenth day after postiyig the notice, between the hours of 1 
 and 3 P. M., be sold to the highest bidder, to satisfy said damages, with costs. 
 
 Appeal lies, within twenty days, from the action of the Trustees to the Cir- 
 cuit Court. 
 
 \\^here stock is restrained, by police regulation or by law, from running at 
 large, any person injured in his improved or cultivated lands by any domestic 
 animal, may, by action against the owner of such animal, or by distraining such 
 animal, recover his damages, whether the lands whereon the injury was done 
 were inclosed by a lawful fence or not. 
 
 FENCES. 
 
 A lawful fence is fifty-four inches high, made of rails, wire or boards, with 
 posts not more than ten feet apart where rails are used, and eight feet where 
 boards are used, substantially built and kept in good repair ; or any other fence 
 which, in the opinion of the Fence Viewers, shall be declared a lawful fence — 
 provided the lower rail, wire or board be not more that twenty nor less than six- 
 teen inches from the ground. 
 
 The respective owners of lands enclosed with fences shall maintain partition 
 fences between their own and next adjoining enclosure so long as they improve 
 them in equal shares, unless otherwise agreed between them. 
 
 If any party neglect to maintain such partition fence as he should maintain, 
 the Fence Viewers (the township Trustees), upon complaint of aggrieved party, 
 may, upon due notice to both parties, examine the fence, and, if found insuf- 
 ficient, notify the delinquent party, in writing, to repair or re-build the same 
 within such time as they judge reasonable. 
 
 If the fence be not repaired or rebuilt accordingly, the complainant may do 
 so, and the same being adjudged sufficient by the Fence Viewers, and the 
 value thereof, with their fees, being ascertained and certified under their hands, 
 the complainant may demand of the delinquent the sum so ascertained, and if 
 the same be not paid in one month after demand, may recover it with one per 
 cent a month interest, by action. 
 
 In case of disputes, the Fence Viewers may decide as to who shall erect or 
 maintain partition fences, and in what time the same shall be done; and in case 
 any party neglect to maintain or erect such part as may be assigned to him, 
 the aggrieved party may erect and maintain the same, and recover double 
 damages. 
 
 I ,;5*"No person, not wishing his land inclosed, and not using it otherwise than in 
 common, shall be compelled to maintain any partition fence ; but when he uses 
 or incloses his land otherwise than in common, he shall contribute to the parti- 
 tion fences. 
 
 Where parties have had their lands inclosed in common, and one of the 
 owners desires to occupy his separate and apart from the other, and the other 
 refuses to divide the line or build a sufficient fence on the line when divided, 
 the Fence Viewers may divide and assign, and upon neglect of the other to 
 budd as ordered by the Viewers, the one may build the other's part and 
 recover as above. 
 
 And when one incloses land which has lain uninclosed, he must pay for 
 onc-hnlf of each partition fence between himself and his neighbors. 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 283 
 
 Where one desires to lay not less than twenty feet of his lands, adjoining 
 his neighbor, out to the public to be used in common, he must give his neighbor 
 six months' notice thereof. 
 
 Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mistake, the 
 owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material withn 
 six months after the division line has been ascertained. W'here the material to 
 build such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then, 
 before it can be removed, the person claiming must first pay for such material 
 to the owner of the land from which it was taken, nor shall such a fence be 
 removed at a time Avhen the removal will throw open or expose the crops of the 
 other party; a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove 
 crops. 
 
 MECHANICS' LIENS. 
 
 Every mechanic, or other person who shall do any labor upon, or furnish 
 any materials, machinery or fixtures for any building, erection or other improve- 
 ment upon land, including those engaged in the construction or repair of any 
 work of internal improvement, by virtue of any contract with the owner, his 
 agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, shall have a lien, on complying 
 with the forms of law, upon the building or other improvement for his labor 
 done or materials furnished. 
 
 It would take too large a space to detail the manner in which a sub- 
 contractor secures his lien. He should file, within thirty days after the last of 
 the labor was performed, or the last of the material shall have been furnished, 
 with the Clerk of the District Court a true account of the amount due him, after 
 allowino; all credits, setting forth the time when such material was furnished or 
 labor performed, and when completed, and containing a correct description of 
 the property sought to be charged with the lien, and the whole verified by 
 affidavit. 
 
 A principal contractor must file such an affidavit within ninety days, a.s 
 above. 
 
 Ordinarily, there are so many points to be examined in order to secure a 
 mechanics' lien, that it is much better, unless one is accustomed to managing 
 such liens, to consult at once with an attorney. 
 
 Remember that the proper time to file the claim is ninety days for a princi- 
 pal contractor, thirty days for a sub- contractor, as above ; and that actions to 
 enforce these liens must be commenced within two years, and the rest can much 
 better be done with an attorney. 
 
 ROADS AND BRIDGES. 
 
 Persons meeting each other on the public highways, shall give one half of 
 the same by turning to the right. All persons failing to observe this rule shall 
 be liable to pay all damages resulting therefrom, together with a fine, not exceed- 
 ing five dollars. 
 
 The prosecution must be instituted on the complaint of the person wronged. 
 
 Any person guilty of racing horses, or driving upon the public highway, in 
 a manner likely to endanger the persons or the lives of others, shall, on convic- 
 tion, be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or imprisoned not exceeding 
 thirty days. 
 
 It is a misdemeanor, without authority from the proper Road Supervisor, to 
 break upon, plow or dig within the boundary lines of any public highway. 
 
284 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 The money tax levied upon the property in each road district in each town- 
 ship (except tiie general Township Fund, set apart for purchasing tools, machin- 
 ery and fuide boards), whether collected by the Road Supervisor or County 
 Treasurer, shall be expended for highway purposes in that district, and no part 
 thereof shall be paid out or expended for the benefit of another district. 
 
 The Road Supervisor of each district, is bound to keep the roads and bridges 
 therein, in as good condition as the funds at his disposal will permit ; to put 
 guide boards at cross roads and forks of highways in his district; and when noti- 
 fied in writing that any portion of the public highway, or any bridge is unsafe, 
 must in a reasonable time repair the same, and for this purpose may call out 
 anv or all the able bodied men in the district, but not more than two days at 
 one time, without their consent. 
 
 Also, when notified in writing, of the growth of any Canada thistles upon 
 vacant or non-resident lands or lots, within his district, the owner, lessee or 
 agent thereof being unknown, shall cause the same to be destroyed. 
 
 Bridges when erected or maintained by the public, are parts of the highway, 
 and must not be less than sixteen feet wide. 
 
 A penalty is imposed upon any one who rides or drives faster than a walk 
 across any such bridge. 
 
 The manner of establishing, vacating or altering roads, etc., is so well known 
 to all township officers, that it is sufficient here to .say that the first step is by 
 petition, filed in the Auditor's office, addressed in substance as follows : 
 
 The Board of Supervisors of County : The undersigned asks that 
 
 a highway, commencing at and running thence and terminating 
 
 at , be established, vacated or altered (as the case may be.) 
 
 When the petition is filed, all necessary and succeeding steps will be shown 
 and explained to the petitioners by the Auditor. 
 
 ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. 
 
 Any person competent to make a will can adopt as his own the minor child 
 of another. The consent of both parents, if living and not divorced or separ- 
 ated, and if divorced or separated, or if unmarried, the consent of the parent 
 lawfully having the custody of the child ; or if either parent is dead, then the 
 consent of the survivor, or if both parents be dead, or the child have been and 
 remain abandoned by them, then the consent of the Mayor of the city where 
 the child is living, or if not in the city, then of the Clerk of the Circuit Court 
 of the county shall be given to such adoption by an instrument in writing, 
 signed by party or parties consenting, and stating the names of the parties, if 
 known, the name of the child, if known, the name of the person adopting such 
 child, and the residence of all, if known, and declaring the name by which the 
 child is thereafter to be called and known, and stating, also, that such child is 
 given to the person adopting, for the purpose of adoption as his own child. 
 
 The person adopting shall also sign said instrument, and all the parties shall 
 acknowled-^e the same in the manner that deeds conveying lands shall be 
 acknowledfjed. 
 
 The instrument shall be recorded in the office of the County Recorder. 
 
 SURVEYORS AND SURVEYS. 
 
 There is in every county elected a Surveyor known as County Surveyor, 
 wlio has power to appoint deputies, for whose official acts he is responsible. It _ 
 is the duty of the County Surveyor, either by himself or his Duputy, to make ■ 
 
ABSTRACT OF TOWA STATE LAWS. 285 
 
 all surveys that he may be called upon to make within his county as soon as 
 may be after application is made. The necessary chainmen and other assist- 
 ance must be employed by the person requiring the same to be done, and to be 
 by him paid, unless otherwise agreed ; but the chainmen must be disinterested 
 persons and approved by the Surveyor and swrn by him to measure justly and 
 impartially. Previous to any survey, he shall furnish himself with a copy of 
 the field notes of the original survey of the same land, if there be any in the 
 oflEice of the County Auditor, and his survey shall be made in accordance there- 
 with. 
 
 Their fees are three dollars per day. For certified copies of field notes, 
 twenty-five cents. 
 
 SUPPORT OF POOR. 
 
 The father, mother and children of any poor person who has applied for aid, 
 and who is unable to maintain himself by work, shall, jointly or severally, 
 maintain such poor person in such manner as may be approved by the Town- 
 ship Trustees. 
 
 In the absence or inability of nearer relatives, the same liability shall extend 
 to the grandparents, if of ability without personal labor, and to the male grand- 
 children who are of ability, by personal labor or otherwise. 
 
 The Township Trustees may, upon the failure of such relatives to maintain 
 a poor person, who has made application for relief, apply to the Circuit Court 
 for an order to compel the same. 
 
 Upon ten days' notice, in writing, to the parties sought to be charged, a 
 hearing may be had, and an order made for entire or partial support of the poor 
 person. 
 
 Appeal may be taken from such judgment as from other judgments of the 
 Circuit Court. 
 
 When any person, having any estate, abandons either children, wife or hus- 
 band, leaving them chargeable, or likely to become chargeable, upon the public for 
 support, upon proof of above fact, an order may be had from the Clerk of the 
 Circuit Court, or Judge, authorizing the Trustees or the Sheriff to take into 
 possession such estate. 
 
 The Court may direct such personal estate to be sold, to be applied, as well 
 as the rents and profits of the real estate, if any, to the support of children, 
 wife or husband. 
 
 If the party against whom the order is issued return and support the per- 
 son abandoned, or give security for the same, the order shall be discharged, and 
 the property taken returned. 
 
 The mode of relief for the poor, through the action of the Township 
 Trustees, or the action of the Board of Supervisors, is so well known to every 
 township ofiicer, and the circumstances attending applications for relief are so 
 varied, that it need now only be said that it is the duty of each county to pro- 
 vide for its poor, no matter at what place they may be. 
 
 LANDLORD AND TENANT. 
 
 A tenant giving notice to quit demised premises at a time named, and after- 
 ward holding over, and a tenant or his assignee willfully holding over the prem- 
 ises after the term, and after notice to quit, shall pay double rent. 
 
 Any person in possession of real property, with the assent of the owner, is 
 presumed to be a tenant at will. 
 
286 ABSTRACT OF TOW A STATE LAWS. 
 
 Thirty days" notice, in writing, is necessary to terminate a tenancy at will. 
 
 In case of tenants occupying and cultivating farms, the notice must fix the 
 termination of the tenancy to take place on March 1st; except that field 
 tenants' or croppers' leases expire when crop is harvested ; provided, that in 
 case of a corn crop, it shall not be later than December* 1st, unless otherwise 
 agreed. 
 
 But where an express agreement is made, whether reduced to writing or 
 not, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. 
 
 If such tenant cannot be found in the county, the notices above required 
 may be given to any sub-tenant or other person in possession of the premises ; 
 or, if the premises be vacant, by affixing the notice to the principal door of the 
 building or in some conspicuous position on the land, if there be no building. 
 
 The landlord shall have a lien for his rent upon all the crops grown on the 
 premises, and upon any other personal property of the tenant used on the 
 premises during the term, and not exempt from execution, for the period of one 
 year after a year's rent or the rent of a shorter period claimed falls due ; but 
 such lien shall not continue more than six months after the expiration of the 
 term. 
 
 The lien may be effected by the commencement of an action, within the 
 period above prescribed, for the rent alone ; and the landlord is entitled to a writ 
 of attachment, upon filing an affidavit that the action is commenced to rcover 
 rent accrued within one year previous thereto upon the premises described in the 
 affidavit. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or 
 delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to the contrary, 
 the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit: 
 
 Apples, Peaches or Quinces, 48 I Sand 130 
 
 Cherries, Grapes, Currants or Gooseberries, 40 I Sorghum Seed 30 
 
 Strawberries, Raspberries or Blackberries, 32 I Broom Corn Seed 30 
 
 Osage Orange Seed 32 | Buckwheat 52 
 
 Millet vSeed 45 i Salt 50 
 
 Stone Coal 80 Barley 48 
 
 Lime 80 ! Corn Meal 48 
 
 Corn in the ear 70 Castor Beans 46 
 
 Wheat 60 Timothy Seed 45 
 
 Potatoes 60 Hemp Seed 44 
 
 Beans 60 Dried Peaches 33 
 
 aover Seed 60 Oats 33 
 
 Onions 67 | Dried Apples 24 
 
 Shelled Corn 56 Bran 20 
 
 Rye 56 Blue Grass Seed 14 
 
 Flax Seed 56 Hungarian Grass Seed 45 
 
 Sweet Potatoes 46 ! 
 
 Penalty for giving less than the above standard is treble damages and costs 
 and five dollars addition thereto as a fine. 
 
 DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. 
 
 $ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly placed 
 
 before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now, United States 
 Currency. 
 
 X means j)ounds, English money. 
 
 (a stands for at or to ; tt) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels ; "^ for per or by 
 ■ he. Thus. Butter sells at 20(«.30c f ft), and Flour at 18^^12 ^ bbl. 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 287 
 
 % for per cent, and # for number. 
 
 May 1. Wheat sells at |1.20@$1.25, " seller June." Seller June means 
 that the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any 
 time during the month of June. 
 
 Selling short, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock, 
 at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the 
 stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling "short" to depress 
 the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and fill his contract 
 at a profit. Hence the "shorts" are termed "bears." 
 
 Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or shares 
 of stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, expecting to make 
 a profit by the rise in prices. The " longs " are termed " bulls," as it is for 
 their interest to "operate" so as to "toss" the prices upward as much as 
 possible. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Form of note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and 
 time of payment are mentioned : 
 
 $100. Chicago, 111., Sept. 15, 1876. 
 
 Sixty days from date I promise to pay to E. F. Brown or order, 
 one hundred dollars, for value received. L. D. Lowry. 
 
 A note to be payable in anything else than money needs only the facts sub- 
 stituted for money in the above form. 
 
 ORDERS. 
 
 Orders should be worded simply, thus : 
 
 Mr. F. H. Coats : Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 
 
 Please pay to H. Birdsall, twenty-five dollars, and charge to 
 
 F. D. SiLVA. 
 
 RECEIPTS. 
 
 Receipts should always state when received and what for, thus : 
 
 $100. Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 
 
 Received of J. VV. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services 
 rendered in grading his lot in Fort Madison, on account. 
 
 Thomas Brady. 
 If receipt is in full, it should be so stated. 
 
 BILLS OF PURCHASE. 
 
 W. N. Mason, Salem, Illinois, Sept. 18, 1876. 
 
 Bought of A. A. Graham. 
 
 4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at $1.50 $6 00 
 
 2 Seamless Sacks " 30 60 
 
 Received payment, $6 60 
 
 A. A. Graham. 
 
288 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. 
 
 ^ . , Iowa, , 18 — . 
 
 after date — promises to pay to the order of , dollars, 
 
 at , for value received, with interest at ten per cent, per annum after 
 
 until paid. Interest payable , and on interest not paid when due, 
 
 interest at same rate and conditions. 
 
 A failure to pay said interest, or any part thereof, within 20 days after due. shall cause the 
 whole note to become due nnd collectable at once. 
 
 If this note is sued, or judgment is confessed hereon, $ shall be allowed as attorney fees. 
 
 No. — . P. 0. , . 
 
 COFFESSION OF .JUDGMENT. 
 
 — vs. — . In Court of County, Iowa, , of 
 
 County, Iowa, do hereby confess that justly indebted to , in the 
 
 sum of dollars, and the further sum of f as attorney fees, with 
 
 interest thereon at ten per cent, from , and — hereby confess judgment 
 
 against as defendant in favor of said , for said sum of $ , 
 
 and $ as attorney fees, hereby authorizing the Clerk of the Court of 
 
 said county to enter up judgment for said sum against with costs, and 
 
 interest at 10 per cent, from , the interest to be paid . 
 
 Said debt and judgment being for . 
 
 It is especially agreed, however, That if this judgment is paid within twenty 
 
 days after due, no attorney fees need be paid. And hereby sell, convey 
 
 and release all right of homestead we now occupy in favor of said so 
 
 far as this judgment is concerned, and agree that it shall be liable on execution 
 for this judgment. 
 
 Dated , 18 — . — '■ . 
 
 The State of Iowa, ) 
 
 County. / 
 
 being duly sworn according to law, depose and say that the forego- 
 ing statement and Confession of Judgment was read over to , and that — 
 
 understood the contents thereof, and that the statements contained therein are 
 
 true, and that the sums therein mentioned are justly to become due said 
 
 as aforesaid. 
 
 Sworn to and subscribed before me and in my presence by the said 
 
 this day of , 18—. '■ , Notary Public. 
 
 ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. 
 
 An agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain thing 
 in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always reduce an 
 agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and trouble. 
 No particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly 
 stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a reasonable consideration. 
 
 GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT. 
 
 This Agreement, made the Second day of June, 1878, between John 
 Jones, of Keokuk, County of Lee, State of Iowa, of the first part, and Thomas 
 Whiteside, of the same place, of the second part — 
 
 WITNESSETH, that the said John Jones, in consideration of the agreement 
 of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and agrees to 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 289 
 
 and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good and market- 
 able condition, at the Village of Melrose, Iowa, during the month of November, 
 of this year, One Hundred Tons of Prairie Hay, in the following lots, and at 
 the following specified times ; namely, twenty-five tons by the seventh of Nov- 
 ember, twenty-five tons additional by the fourteenth of the month, twenty-five 
 tons more by the twenty-first, and the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered 
 by the thirtieth of November. 
 
 And the said Thomas Whiteside, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment 
 of this contract, on the part of the party of the first part, contracts to and agrees 
 with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per ton, for each ton 
 as soon as delivered. 
 
 In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is hereby 
 stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other. One Hun- 
 dred dollars, as fixed and settled damages. 
 
 In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first 
 above written. • John Jones, 
 
 Thomas Whiteside. 
 
 agreement with clerk for services. 
 
 This Agreement, made the first day of May, one thousand eight hundred 
 and seventy-eight, between Reuben Stone, of Dubuque, County of Dubuque, 
 State of Iowa, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of McGregor, 
 County of Clayton, State of Iowa, party of the second part — 
 
 WITNESSETH, that Said George Barclay agrees faithfully and diligently to 
 work as clerk and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for and during the space 
 of one year from the date hereof, should both live such length of time, without 
 absenting himself from his occupation ; during which time he, the said Barclay, in 
 the store of said Stone, of Dubuque, will carefully and honestly attend, doing 
 and performing all duties as clerk and salesman aforesaid, in accordance and in 
 all respects as directed and desired by the said Stone. 
 
 In consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said Barclay, the 
 said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one thousand dol- 
 lars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon the last day of each 
 month ; provided that all dues for days of absence from business by said Barclay, 
 shall be deducted from the sum otherwise by the agreement due and payable by 
 the said Stone to the said Barclay. 
 
 Witness our hands. Reuben Stone. 
 
 George Barclay. 
 
 BILLS OF SALE. 
 
 A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party, for a consideration to 
 convey his right and interest in the personal property. The purchaser must 
 take actual possession of the property/, or the bill of sale must be acknowledged 
 and recorded. 
 
 COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE. 
 
 Know all Men by this instrument, that I, Louis Clay, of Burlington, 
 Iowa, of the first part, for and in consideration of Five Hundred and Ten 
 Dollars, to me paid by John Floyd, of the same place, of the second part, the 
 receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do 
 convey unto the said Floyd, party of the second part, his execucors, administra- 
 tors and assigns, my undivided half of ten acres of corn, now growing on the 
 farm of Thomas Tyrell, in the town above mentioned ; one pair of horses, 
 
290 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 sixteen sheep, and five cows, belonging to me and in my possession at the farm 
 aforesaid ; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his 
 executors and assigns forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, 
 at^ree with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to 
 warrant and defend the sale of the afore-mentioned property and chattels unto 
 the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and 
 every person whatsoever. 
 
 In witness whereof. I have hereunto affixed my hand, this tenth day of 
 October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. 
 
 Louis Clay. 
 NOTICE TO QUIT. 
 To F. W. Arlen, 
 
 Sir: Please observe that the term of one year, for which the house and 
 land, situated at No. 6 Indiana Street, and now occupied by you, were rented 
 to you, expired on the first day of October, 1875, and as I desire to repossess 
 said premises, you are hereby requested and required to vacate the same. 
 
 Respectfully Yours, 
 
 P. T. Barnum. 
 Lincoln, Neb., October 4, 1875. 
 
 TENANT'S NOTICE OF LEAVING. 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 The premises I now occupy as your tenant, at No. 6 Indiana Street, I shall 
 vacate on the first day of November, 1875. You will please take notice 
 accordingly. 
 
 Dated this tenth day of October, 1875. F. W. Arlen. 
 
 To P. T. Barnum. Esq. 
 
 GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL 
 
 PROPERTY. 
 
 I, Charles Mansfield, of the Town of Bellevue, County of Jackson, State 
 of Iowa, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of 
 sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be my last will and tes- 
 tament, in manner following, to-wit : 
 
 First. I give, devise and bequeath unto my eldest son, Sidney H. Mans- 
 field, the sum of Two Thousand Dollars, of bank stock, now in the Third 
 National Bank, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the farm owned by myself, in the 
 Township of Iowa, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the 
 hou.ses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging ; to have and to hold 
 unto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever. 
 
 Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my two daughters, Anna 
 Louise Mansfield and Ida Clara Mansfield, each Two Thousand Dollars in bank 
 stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio ; and also, each one 
 (juarter section of laiid, owned by myself, situated in the Township of Fairfield, 
 and recorded in my name in the Recorder's office, in the county where such land 
 IS located. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is 
 devised to my eldest daughter, Anna Louise. 
 
 Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank Alfred Mansfield, five 
 shares of railroad stock in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and my one hundred 
 and sixty acres of land, and saw-mill thereon, situated in Manistee, Michigan, 
 witli all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, which said 
 real estate is recorded in my name, in the county where situated. 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 291 
 
 * Fourth. I give to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, all my household 
 furniture, goods, chattels and personal property, about my home, not hitherto 
 disposed of, including Eight Thousand Dollars of bank stock in the Third 
 National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, fifteen shares in the Baltimore & Ohio 
 Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefit of the home 
 farm so long as she may live, in lieu of dower, to which she is entitled by law 
 — said farm being my present place of residence. 
 
 Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Elijah H. Mansfield, the income 
 from rents of ray store building at 145 Jackson street, Chicago, Illinois, during 
 the term of his natural life. Said building and land therewith to revert to 
 my said sons and daughters in equal proportion, upon the demise of my said 
 father. 
 
 Sixth. It is also my will and desire that, at the death of my wife, Victoria 
 Elizabeth Mansfield, or at any time when she may arrange to relinquish her 
 life interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to my 
 above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. 
 
 And lastly. I nominate and appoint as the executors of this, my last will 
 and testament, my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, and mv eldest son, Sidney 
 H. Mansfield. 
 
 I further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be paid 
 from moneys now on deposit in the Savings Bank of Bellevue, the residue of 
 such moneys to revert to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, for her use for- 
 ever. 
 
 In witness whereof, I, Charles Mansfield, to this my last will and testament, 
 have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of April, eighteen hundred 
 and seventy-two. 
 
 Charles Mansfield. 
 
 Signed, and declared by Charles Mansfield, as and for his last will and tes- 
 raent, in the presence of us, who. at his request, and in his presence, and in 
 the presence of each other, have subscribed our names hereunto as witnesses 
 thereof. Peter A. Schenck, Dubuque, Iowa, 
 
 Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa. 
 
 CODICIL. 
 
 Whereas I, Charles Mansfield, did, on the fourth day of April, one thousand 
 eight hundred and seventy-two, make my last will and testament, I do now, by 
 this writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof. 
 
 Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Anna Louise, 
 has deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three ; and whereas, 
 a son has been born to me, which son is now christened Richard Albert Mans- 
 field, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest and 
 title in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter, 
 Anna Louise, in the body of this will. 
 
 In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day of 
 March, eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Charles Mansfield. 
 
 Signed, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Charles Mans- 
 field, as and for a codicil to be annexed to his last will and testament. And 
 we, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have 
 subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof. 
 
 Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa, 
 John C. Shay, Bellevue, Iowa. 
 
o()0 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 [Form No. 1.) 
 
 SATISFACTION OF MORTGAGE. 
 State of Iowa, 1 ^^ 
 
 T "^"""^ '^of Ae County of , State of Iowa, do hereby acknowledge 
 
 that a certain Indenture of • bearing date the ~~- day of- , A. D. 
 
 IS-, made and executed by and —, his wife, to said — — on 
 
 the following described Real Estate, in the County of — , and State ot 
 I(.wa t(.-wit: (here insert description) and filed for record m the office ot the 
 
 Recoi-dcr of the Countv of . and State of Iowa, on the "^^^ f~ ' 
 
 A D 18—, at J'clock . M. ; and recorded in Book of Mortgage 
 
 Records on' page , is redeemed, paid off, satisfied and discharged in full. 
 
 ^ ^ . [seal,] 
 
 State of Iowa, 1 ^^ 
 
 County, j ' " 
 
 Be it Remembered, That on this day of , A. D. 18—, before 
 
 me the undersigned, a in and for said county, personally appeared , 
 
 to me personally known to be the identical person who executed the above 
 
 (satisfaction of mortgage) as grantor, and acknowledged signature 
 
 thereto to be voluntary act and deed. 
 
 Witness my hand and seal, the day and year last above 
 
 written. • 
 
 ONE FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 
 
 Know all Men by these Presents : Tiiat , of County, and 
 
 State of , in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by — of 
 
 County, and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto the said 
 
 the following described premises, situated in the County , and State of 
 
 , to wit : (liere insert description,) and do hereby covenant with the 
 
 said that lawfully seized of said premises, that they are free from 
 
 incumbrance, that have good right and lawful authority to sell and convey 
 
 the same : and do hereby covenant to warrant and defend the same against 
 
 the lawful claims of all ))ersons whomsoever. To be void upon condition that 
 
 tiu- said shall ]>ay the full amount of principal and interest at the time 
 
 therein specified, of certain promissory note for the sum of dollars. 
 
 One note for 8 , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 One note for 3 . due . 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 One note for 8 . due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 One note for § , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 And the said Mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes that may be levied upon the 
 above described premises. It is also agreed by the Mortgagor that if it becomes 
 necessary to foreclose this mortgage, a reasonable amount shall be allowed as an 
 
 attornev's fee for foreclosing. And the said hereby relinquishes all her 
 
 right of dower and homestead in and to the above described premises. 
 Signed to dav of , A. D. 18—. 
 
 [Acknowledge as in Form No, 1.] 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 293 
 
 SECOND FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 
 
 This Indenture, made and executed by and between of the 
 
 county of and State of , part of tlie first part, and of the 
 
 county of and State of party of the second part, Witnesseth, that the 
 
 said part of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of dolhirs, 
 
 paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby 
 acknowledged, have granted and sokl, and do by these presents, grant, bargain, 
 
 sell, convey and confirm, unto the said party of the second part, heirs and 
 
 assigns forever, the certain tract or parcel of real estate situated in the county 
 of and State of , described as follows, to-wMt : 
 
 (Here insert description.) 
 
 The said part of the first part represent to and covenant with the part of 
 the second part, that he have good right to sell and convey said premises, 
 that they are free from encumbrance and that he will warrant and defend 
 them against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever, and do expressly 
 hereby release all rights of dower in and to said premises, and relinquish and 
 convey all rights of homestead therein. 
 
 This Instrument is made, executed and delivered upon the following con- 
 ditions, to-wit : 
 
 First. Said first part agree to pay said or order 
 
 Second. Said first part further agree as is stipulated in said note, that if 
 he shall fail to pay any of said interest when due, it shall bear interest at the 
 rate of ten per cent, per annum, from the time the same becomes due, and this 
 mortgage shall stand as security for the same. 
 
 TJdrd. Said first part further agree that he will pay all taxes and 
 assessments levied upon said real estate before the same become delinquent, and 
 if not paid the holder of this mortgage may declare the whole sum of money 
 herein secured due and collectable at once, or he may elect to pay such taxes or 
 assessments, and be entitled to interest on the same at the rate of ten per cent, 
 per annum, and this mortgage shall stand as security for the amount so paid. 
 Fourth. Said first part further agree that if he fail to pay any of said 
 
 money, either principal or interest, within days after the same becomes 
 
 due ; or fail to conform or comply with any of the foregoing conditions or agree- 
 ments, the whole sum herein secured shall become due and payable at once, and 
 this mortgage may thereupon be foreclosed immediately for the whole of said 
 money, interest and costs. 
 
 Fifth. Said part further agree that in the event of the non-payment of either 
 principal, interest or taxes when due, and upon the filing of a bill of foreclosure 
 of this mortgage, an attorney's fee of dollars shall become due and pay- 
 able, and shall be by the court taxed, and this mortgage shall stand as securitj 
 therefor, and the same shall be included in the decree of foreclosure and shall 
 be made by the Sheriff on general or special execution with the other money, 
 interest and costs, and the contract embodied in this mortgage and the note 
 described herein, shall in all respects be governed, constructed and adjudged 
 
 by the laws of , where the same is made. The foregoing conditions 
 
 being performed, this conveyance to be void, otherwise of full force and virtue. 
 
 [Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 
 
294 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 FORM OF LEASE. 
 
 This Article of Agreement, Made and entered into on this day of 
 
 A. D. 187- by and between , of the county of , and 
 
 State of Iowa, of the first part, and , of the county of 
 
 and State of Iowa, of the second part, witnesseth that the said party of the first 
 part has this day leased unto the party of the second part the following described 
 premises, to wit : 
 
 \_Here insert Description.'] 
 
 for the term of from and after the — day of , A. D. 187-, at 
 
 the rent of dollars, to be paid as follows, to wit : 
 
 [/fere insert Terms.] 
 
 And it is further agreed that if any rent shall be due and unpaid, or if 
 default be made in any of the covenants herein contained, it shall then be law- 
 ful for the said party of the first part to re-enter the said premises, or to destrain 
 for such rent; or he may recover possession thereof, by action of forcible entry 
 and detainer, notwithstanding the provision of Section 3,612 of the Code of 
 1873 ; or he may use any or all of said remedies. 
 
 And the said party of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first 
 part the rent as above stated, except when said premises are untenantable by 
 reason of fire, or from any other cause than the carelessness of the party of the 
 
 second part, or persons fiimily, or in employ, or by superior force 
 
 and inevitable necessity. And the said party of the second part covenants 
 
 that will use the said premises as a , and for no other purposes 
 
 whatever ; and that especially Avill not use said premises, or permit the 
 
 same to be used, for any unlawful business or purpose whatever ; that will 
 
 not sell, assign, underlet or relinquish said premises without the written consent 
 
 of the lessor, under penalty of a forfeiture of all rights under this lease, at 
 
 the election of the party of the first part ; and that will use all due care 
 
 and diligence in guarding said property, with the buildings, gates, fences, trees, 
 vines, shrubbery, etc., from damage by fire, and the depredations of animals ; 
 
 that will keep buildings, gates, fences, etc., in as good repair as they now 
 
 are, or may at any time be placed by the lessor, damages by superior force, 
 inevitable necessity, or fire from any other cause than from the carelessness of 
 
 the lessee, or persons of family, or in employ, excepted ; and that 
 
 at the expiration of this lease, or upon a breach by said lessee of any of the said 
 
 covenants herein contained, will, without further notice of any kind, quit 
 
 and surrender the possession and occupancy of said premises in as good condi- 
 tion as reasonable use, natural wear and decay thereof will permit, damages by 
 fire as aforesaid, superior force, or inevitable necessity, only excepted. 
 
 In witness whereof, the said parties have subscribed their names on the date 
 first above written. 
 
 In presence of 
 
 FORM OF NOTE. 
 
 — , 18—. 
 
 On or before the — day of , 18 — , for value received, I promise to 
 
 pay or order, dollars, with interest from date until paid, 
 
 at ten per cent, per annum, payable annually, at . Unpaid interest 
 
 .shall bear interest at ten per cent, per annum. On failure to pay interest 
 
 withni days after due, the whole sum, principal and interest, shall become 
 
 <lue at once. 
 
ATTY AT LAW MANC 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA*STATE LAWS. 297 
 
 CHATTEL MORTGx^GE. 
 
 Know all Men by these Presents : That of County, and 
 
 State of in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by , of 
 
 €ounty and State of do hereby sell and convey unto the said the 
 
 following described personal property, now in the possession of in the 
 
 county and State of , to wit : 
 
 \^IIere insert descr>pt/on.'\ 
 
 And do hereby warrant the title of said property, and that it is free from 
 
 any incumbrance or lien. The only right or interest retained by grantor in 
 and to said property being the right of redemption as herein provided. This 
 conveyance to be void upon condition that the said grantor shall pay to said 
 grantee, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 
 
 therein specified, of certain promissory notes of even date herewith, for 
 
 the sum of dollars. 
 
 One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 
 
 The grantor to pay all taxes on said property, and if at any time any part 
 or portion of said notes should be due and unpaid, said grantee may proceed by 
 sale or foreclosure to collect and pay himself the unpaid balance of said notes, 
 whether due or not, the grantor to pay all necessary expense of such foreclosure, 
 
 including f Attorney's fees, and whatever remains after paying off said 
 
 notes and expenses, to be paid over to said grantor. 
 
 Signed the day of , 18 — . . 
 
 [Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] . 
 
 WARRANTY DEED. 
 
 Know all Men by these Presents : That of County and 
 
 State of , in consideration of the sum of Dollars, in hand paid by 
 
 of , County and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto 
 
 the said and to heirs and assigns, the following described premises, 
 
 situated in the County of , State of Iowa, to-wit : 
 
 \^Here insert descriptioii.'\ 
 
 And I do hereby covenant with the said that — lawfully seized in fee 
 
 simple, of said premises, that they are free from incumbrance ; that — ha good 
 right and lawful authority to sell the same, and — do hereby covenant to war- 
 rant and defend the said premises and appurtenances thereto belonging, against 
 the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever ; and the said hereby re- 
 linquishes all her right of dower and of homestead in and to the above described 
 premises. 
 
 Signed the day of , A. D, 18 — . 
 
 IN presence of 
 
 [Acknowledged as in Form No. 1.] 
 
 QUIT CLAIM DEED. 
 
 Know all Men by these Presents : That , of County, 
 
 State of , in consideration of the sum of dollars, to — in hand 
 
 paid by , of County, State of , the receipt whereof — do 
 
298 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 
 
 hereby acknowledge,liave bargained, sold and quit-claimed, and by these presents 
 
 do bargain, sell and quit-claim unto the said and to — heirs and assigns 
 
 forever, all right, title, interest, estate, claim and demand, both at law and 
 
 in equity, and as well in possession as in expectancy, of, in and to the following 
 described premises, to wit : [here insert description] with all and singular the 
 hereditaments and appurtenances thereto belonging. 
 
 Signed this day of , A. D. 18 — . 
 
 Signed in Presence of 
 
 [Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] 
 
 BOND FOR DEED. 
 
 KxoAV ALL Men by these Presents: That of County, 
 
 and State of am held and firmly bound unto of County, and 
 
 State of , in the sum of Dollars, to be paid to the said , his 
 
 executors or assigns, for which payment well and truly to be made, I bind myself 
 firmly by these presents. Signed the day of A. D. 18 — . 
 
 The condition of this obligation is such, that if the said obligee shall pay to 
 said obligor, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 
 therein specified, of — certain promissory note of even date herewith, for the 
 
 sum of Dollars, 
 
 One note for ^ , due . 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 
 
 One note for $ , due . 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 
 
 One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 
 
 and pay all taxes accruing upon the lands herein described, then said obligor 
 shall convey to the said obligee, or his assigns, that certain tract or parcel of 
 real estate, situated in the County of and State of Iowa, described as fol- 
 lows, to wit: [here insert description,] by a Warranty Deed, with the usual 
 covenants, duly executed and acknowledged. 
 
 If said obligee should fail to make the payments as above stipulated, or any 
 part thereof, as the same becomes due, said obligor may at his option, by notice 
 to the obligee terminate his liability under the bond and resume the possession 
 and absolute control of said premises, time being the essence of this agreement. 
 
 On the fulfillment of the above conditions this obligation to become void, 
 otherwise to remain in full force and virtue ; unless terminated by the obligor 
 as above stipulated. 
 
 [Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 
 
 SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS B.Y SUBSCRIP- 
 TION. 
 
 The business of publishing books by subscription, having so often been 
 brougiit into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations not 
 authorized by the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possible, and 
 that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to 
 their principal, and the law governing such cases, the following statement is 
 made : 
 
 A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which 
 the subscriber agrees to j)ay a certain sum for the work described ; the consid- 
 eration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the book named, and 
 
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 299 
 
 deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay thft price named. The 
 nature and eharacter of the work is described hy the prospectus and sample 
 shown. These should be carefully examined before subscribing., as they are 
 the basis and consideration of the promise to pay, and not the too ofteii exag- 
 gerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions., 
 for which he is usually paid, a commission for each subscriber, and has no 
 authority to change or alter the conditions upon which the subscriptions are 
 authorized to be made by the publisher. Should the agent assume to agree to 
 make the subscription conditional or modify or change the agreement of the 
 publisher, as set out by the prospectus and sample, in order to biyid the princi- 
 pal., the subscriber should see that such condition or changes are stated over or 
 in connection ivith his signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the 
 same. 
 
 All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any 
 other business, should remember that the law as written is, that they can not be 
 altered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in writing. 
 It is therefore important that all persons contemplating subscribing should 
 distinctly understand that all talk before or after the subscription is made, is not 
 admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. 
 
 Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can- 
 vassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a prescribed 
 mode, and have no authority to do it any other way to the prejudice of their 
 principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They can not 
 collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything else but money. 
 They can not extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind 
 their principal for the payment of expenses incurred in their business. 
 
 It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, 
 before signing their names to any subscription book, or any written instrument, 
 would examine carefully tvhat it is ; if they can not read themselves call on 
 some one disinterested who can. 
 
E E K ATA. 
 
 Page 505. Fourth line of Olive Branch Chapter, No 48, Thomas Toogrod 
 
 should read Toogood. 
 Page 514. End of fourth line from top of page, date 1851 should read 1858 ; 
 
 next line, I. W. G-rist should be I. W. Grhrist. 
 Page 526. Last line of "Business Interests," Session should be Sisson. 
 Page 530. Last line but one before Greeley, Rev. should be Pres. 
 Page 530. Third line of Greeley — Richard T. Barrett should be Richard F. 
 
 Last line of same paragraph, Benjamim Laken should be Benjamin Lakin. 
 Page 535. Second line, fourth word under head of "Religious" should be hy 
 
 instead of when. 
 Page 536. Fifth line from bottom, J. A. Rooker should be J. A. Hooker. 
 Page 540. Sixteenth line from bottom, "the first 6n'c^ house" should read 
 
 "the first brick school house." 
 Page 543. The date at end of fifth line should be 1856 instead of 1852. 
 Page 558. The first line of Delaware Center, the date 1853 should be 1854. 
 Page 607. Delhi Township, Swinhune J. B should be Swinburne J. B. 
 
 Tfie pages to 331 are omitted, on account of a mistake in calculating tJie amount 
 
 of preceding matter. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 At the close of the Black Hawk war, in August, 1832, by treaty, the Sac 
 and Fox tribes of Indians, until then the undisputed occupants of the lands 
 lying west of the Mississippi, included in the present State of Iowa, ceded to 
 the United States a strip bordering on the Mississippi and extending westward 
 about fifty miles, which was called " The Black Hawk Purchase." The 
 western boundary of this purchase was fifty miles west of the river and paral- 
 lel Avith it, and of course included the present territory of Delaware County. 
 This treaty went into operation June 1, 1833. 
 
 In June, 1834, the Black Hawk Purchase was made a part of Michigan 
 Territory, and in September following, the Legislature of that Territory erected 
 two counties west of the Mississippi — Dubuque and Des Moines — the dividing 
 line being drawn westward from the foot of Bock Island, and these counties 
 were partially organized, July 4, 1836, Wisconsin Territory was erected, includ- 
 ing the two Iowa counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under Wisconsin 
 jurisdiction, Dubuque County was divided, in 1837, into Dubuque, Delaware, 
 Clayton, Fayette, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Benton, Clinton and Cedar, 
 and their boundaries defined. Delaware was attached to Dubuque for judicial, 
 revenue and election purposes until its organization in 1841. The county con- 
 tained sixteen congressional townships, and was bounded as follows : Commenc- 
 ing at the northwest corner of Township 90 north, Bange 2, west of Fifth Prin- 
 cipal Meridian, thence west to the northwest corner of Township 90 north. 
 Range 6 west, thence south on the west line of the sixth range of townships 
 west to the southwest corner of Township 87 north. Range 6 west, thence east 
 to the southwest corner of Township 87 north. Range 2 west, thence north to 
 place of beginning. 
 
 It is said that Thomas McCraney, Esq., a member of the first Legislative 
 Assembly of the Territory of Wisconsin from Dubuque, named the new county 
 in honor of Delaware County, New York, from which he came. 
 
 In tracing the early settlement of this county, it may be well to insert here 
 for reference the civil township divisions of the county, as they exist at present, 
 1878 : South Fork, T. 87 N., R. 3 W^ ; North Fork, T. 88 N., R. 3 W. ; 
 Bremen, T. 89 N., R. 3 W. ; Colony, T. 90 N., R. 3 W. ; Elk, T. 90 N., R. 
 4 W. ; Oneida, T. 89 N., R. 4 W. ; Delhi, T. 88 N., R. 4 W. ; Union, T. 87 
 N., R. 4 W. ; Hazel Green, T. 87 N., R. 5 W. ; Milo, T. 88 N., R. 5 W. ; 
 Delaware, T. 89 N., R. 5 W. ; Honey Creek, T. 90 N., R. 5 W. ; Richland, 
 T. 90 N., R. 6 W.; Coffin's Grove, T. 89 N., R. 6 W. ; Prairie, T. 88 N., R. 
 6 W. ; Adams, T. 87 N., R. 6 W. 
 
 Coffin's Grove is in the southerly part of Coffin's Grove Township ; 
 Eads' Grove in the south part of Honey Creek, and extends into Dela- 
 ware ; Penn's Grove in Delhi Township ; Hickory Grove, north part of 
 Oneida Township ; Hinkle's Grove, north part of Honey Creek, near present 
 
332 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 site of York ; Lindsey's Grove, western part of Eads' Grove ; Center Grove, 
 near center of county. n n • 
 
 The south fork of the Maquoketa River, a beautiful and rapidly flowing 
 stream over two hundred miles in length, enters the county near the northwest 
 corner, and flows in a general southeasterly direction through the townships of 
 Richland, Cottiu's Grove, Delaware, Milo, Delhi, Union and South Fork. The 
 north fork of the Ma(iuoketa flows for several miles on the eastern edge of North 
 Fork and South Fork Townships. Buffalo Creek flows across the southwest 
 corner of Adams Township. Coffin's Grove Creek empties into the Maquo- 
 keta from the west, just north of Manchester ; Honey Creek from the northeast, 
 a little above ; Spring Branch flows in from the north in Milo Township ; Buck 
 Creek from the west from Hazel Green through Union Township ; Sand Creek 
 from the west from Pi-airie through Milo ; Plum Creek from Oneida through 
 Delhi, North and South Fork ; Bear Creek, in Bremen Township, flows into 
 tlie north fork of Macjuoketa, in Dubuque County ; Elk Creek heads in Elk 
 Township and flows north to the Turkey River in Clayton County. 
 
 Timber skirts the streams, but about three-fourths of the county is beautifully 
 unduhiting prairie. 
 
 The underlying rock formation is magnesian limestone of the Niagara 
 Group, in which are found numerous marine fossils — corals, shells, articulates, 
 &c. In many places the rock is exposed, and much of it is adapted for build- 
 inw purposes, that near Delhi being fully equal to the celebrated Anamosa stone. 
 Near Colesburg, in Colony Township, is a deposit of fine potter's clay, and 
 good clay for the manufacture of brick is found in various localities. In fact, 
 clay generally underlies the soil on the ridges, while in the bottoms the subsoil 
 is sand and fine gravel. Along the shores of the streams are found agates, 
 pieces of slate and pebbles of ([uartz foreign to this region, and boulders scat- 
 tered over the surface are the silent monuments of the glacial period. 
 
 The correction line Avhich runs through Delaware County, falling near Dy- 
 ersville (in Dubuque County), Earlville, Delaware, Manchester and Masonville, 
 
 was run and the township lines established in 1836, by Mr. Burt and 
 
 Orson Lyon. Mr. Burt was the son of Judge Burt, of Michigan, the inventor 
 of Burt's Solar Compass. This was the first surveying done with the new in- 
 strument, and, says Judge Bailey, " They did excellent work with it." 
 
 It is conceded that William 15ennett, from Galena, was the first white settler 
 to locate within the limits of Delaware County, and that he built the first cabin 
 on the banks of Honey Creek, in a beautiful grove now known as Eads' Grove, 
 on the south part of Section 35, Township 90 north. Range 5 west of Fifth 
 Principal Meridian. There is apparently some conflict of opinion as to the 
 precise date of his settlement. Some authorities have stated that he settled 
 there in 1836. Hon. Joel Bailey, the oldest living settler of Delaware, and 
 perfectly familiar with the county and its settlers, says that Bennett, who was a 
 hunter and trapper, probably built his cabin in the Winter of 1834-5 or Sum- 
 mer following, and occupied it with his family as early as 1835-6. Mrs. 
 Bennett was the first white woman noAv known to have settled in Delaware 
 County. Bennett remained until the Spring of 1838, when, it is said, he re- 
 moved to Missouri. 
 
 A Mr. Lindsey was with Bennett probably as early as 1836, perhaps still 
 earlier, and a part of the timber afterward known as Eads' Grove was known 
 to the first settlers as Lindsey's Grove. The West Branch of Honey Creek 
 was called Lindsey's Creek, and is sometimes called by that name by the old 
 settlers to this dav. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 333 
 
 Henry T. Garden, a trapper and Indian trader, is said to have built a cabin 
 probably as early as 1836 or 1837, near the east line of the county, southeast 
 from the present town of Colesburg. Whether he lived here with his family is 
 uncertain, but he resided for several yearsjust over the county line in Dubuque' 
 County, on Section 7, Township 89 north. Range 2 west, and afterward re- 
 moved to Fayette County, where, in February, 1843, he and a man named At- 
 kins were murdered by Winnebagoes, to whom he sold whisky, and whom he 
 had offended by trying to get them out of the house. The boy escaped, slightly 
 injured; the little girl, after being ravished by the fiends. Through the deep 
 snow, in a cold Winter night, these poor children, wounded and bleeding, made 
 their way to the nearest neighbor's house, one mile, and were badly frozen when 
 they arrived and told their tale of horror. The Indians, three in number, were 
 afterward arrested at Camp Atkinson, and taken to Dubuque, where they were 
 confined in the old log jail. One of them turned " State's evidence," and was 
 released. The other two were condemned to imprisonment for life. Before 
 leaving for Fort Madison, they quarreled in jail, and the larger one killed his 
 companion with a billet of stove wood. 
 
 Mr. Lucius Kibbee settled in Township 88 N., R. 3 W. (North Fork), on 
 Section 24, where Rockville was afterward located, on the west bank of the North 
 Fork of the Maquoketa, probably in 1836 or early in 1837. Kibbee, after re- 
 maining several years on his claim, removed to Dubuque County, where he died. 
 His widow subsequently died in Linn County, where one of the sons is still 
 living in 1878. 
 
 In 1837, a party of emigrants from the Selkirk colony, on the Red River of 
 the North, mostly Scotch people, settled at a grove in the northwesterly part of 
 Jones County, since called "Scotch Grt)ve." They came bringing their house- 
 hold goods and other movable property, including a valuable variety of spring 
 wheat, in rude ox-carts.* 
 
 James Livingston and Hugh Rose accompanied them. At Dubuque, James 
 Livingston was joined by his brother Hugh, who was in Dubuque, and both 
 brothers and Rose settled in Township 87 N., R. 3 W., a short distance below 
 the present site of Hopkinton. 
 
 Hugh Livingston came southAvard with a party who left Red River in 1835. 
 They came with carts to the point where St. Cloud now stands, where they con- 
 structed boats and floated down the Mississippi River to Dubuque, where Hugh 
 remained until the arrival of his brother, and the remainder of the party settled 
 at Apple River, 111. 
 
 In 1837, Milo Jones, of Milwaukee, secured a contract for subdividing a 
 number of townships in Iowa, including eight of the southern townships in Del- 
 aware County, and, during that Summer and Fall, these townships were sur- 
 veyed by him and Joel Bailey. They found four settlers here at that time, 
 viz.: Lucius Kibbee, Hugh Livingston, James Livingston and Hugh Rose. 
 
 A Mr. Porter, from Ohio, subdivided the townships in the northern part of 
 the county during the same year, but the work was very imperfectly done. 
 
 The surve^'ors in this part of the county found only Wm. Bennett and 
 Lindsey, at what has since been known as Eads' Grove. 
 
 The first settler in Township 89, Range 3 (Bremen), was a Mr. John Flinn. 
 The date of his settlement is not certainly known, but it was probably in the 
 Fall of 1837 or Spring of 1838. He located on Bear Creek, a little east of 
 
 * These carts were clumBy two-wheeled vehicles, made without a particle of iron, drawn hy a sinf;:!? ox, in thills, 
 harnessed like a horse. The harness consi-ted of wooden hanies, and rawhide tngs and breeching. With thtse prim- 
 itive carts, these hardy pioneers traveled I.IOU miles, piloted hy an oM trapper named Fred. Dixon. 
 
334 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 the center of the township, where John Bolton now (1878) lives. He lived for 
 some time the only settler in the township, and was followed by the Bocken- 
 stedts. seven brotliers, who became permanent residents. 
 
 It is stated, and generally believed, that the first white child born in Dela- 
 ware County w-as born to AVilliam Bennett, in the Fall or Winter of 1837-38, 
 but it lived only a few days, and its death was the first recorded. 
 
 Early in the Spring of 1838, Bennett and his family removed south westward, 
 and his father-in-law, William Eads, and his family, removed from Galena and 
 occupied Bennett's cabin, in the timber since known as Eads' Grove. 
 
 John llinkle, whose Avife was Eads' daughter, came with Eads and settled 
 near hini. llinkle afterward attempted to make a claim further north, in a 
 little throve afterward called Hinkle's Grove, near the spot where the village of 
 York was suljse(iucntly laid out. 
 
 In the same Spring, in March, Thomas Nicholson and his sons, William 
 Nicholson and Montgomery Nicholson, located near the Maquoketa, in the east 
 part of the Townsliip 87, N., R. 4 W. (now included in South Fork Township), 
 where Hopkinton now stands, built a cabin and broke a little prairie. 
 
 A few days after the Nicholsons, Joel Bailey, who had assisted in the sur- 
 vev durim^ the previous season, Cyrus Keeler and John Keeler came from 
 Milwaukee. They had intended to locate where Hopkinton now stands, but, 
 arriving there in March, they found that Nicholson and his sons were ahead of 
 them, and they came up the river and located on Sections 10 and 15, Town- 
 ship 88 — 5 (now Milo), at the place since called Bailey's Ford. Here they built 
 a cabin and ''broke" about twenty acres of prairie — the first breaking of any 
 considerable size in the county. The Keelers were the cousins of William B. 
 O^den, late of Chicago. Cyrus died' in 1846. Mr. Bailey has been closely 
 identified w ith the history of the county from that day to the present. He pos- 
 sessed, to a remarkable degree, the confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens. 
 Modest, retiring and a man of sterling worth and unimpeachable integrity, he 
 was often called to positions of honor and trust, and faithfully discharged his 
 duties as an officer and as a citizen. He became first County Surveyor, when 
 the county was organized, and served qne term as County Judge. Judge Bailey 
 now resides in Manchester, one of the oldest living settlers of the county, 
 honored and respected by all Avho know him. 
 
 Bailey's Ford was afterward a station on the stage road from Dubuque to 
 Quas<|ueton and Independence, and in 1855, a post office was established, 
 called Hailey's Ford. Joel Bailey was appointed Postmaster, succeeded, about 
 1857, by Amos 11. McKay. The people of Dehnvare Center and Burrington 
 obtained their mail at the office until the establishment of a Post Office at Man- 
 chester, soon after which the office was discontinued. 
 
 The Land Office at Dubuque was established in 1838. Thomas McKnight, 
 who was Deputy Superintendent of the United States Lead Mines, at Galena, 
 in 1828-'.», was the Receiver. The first entry made at this office was by Will- 
 iam Phillips, who made an entry Nov. 1, 1838, of land in Jackson County. 
 The lan<ls in Delaware County were first proclaimed for sale Nov. 5, 1838. 
 Abnt-r Eads (William's brother) and Richard F. Barrett entered some land in 
 Township 90 N., R. 5 W. (Honey Creek), Nov. 12, 1838. Eads lived in 
 (ialena, 111., and, undoubtedly, made his entry for speculative purposes; 
 wife and son spent the Fall of 1840 here. ' In December, 1838, one 
 Jeremiah O'Sullivan entered land near Eads' Grove. 
 
 After building his cabin and breaking prairie in the Spring, Mr. Bailey 
 \T.>rke<l. during the Sunniiev of 1.838, for Mr. Delong, at Cascade, Dubuque 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 335 
 
 County, and in the Fall, having raised some wheat and corn, Bailey and his 
 employer carried a load of each to Sage's mill, on the Little Maquoketa, 
 six miles from Dubuque, then the nearest mill the settlers had. When 
 their grists were ground, they returned to Dubuque, where they peddled 
 out their flour and corn meal. This w^as the first flour carried to the Du- 
 buque market from the Western settlements. Thomas McKnight, the Receiver 
 of the United States Land Office, purchased one sack of the flour and then re- 
 quested Mr. Bailey to wait until he found Mr. Morton, the Register, who, said 
 Mr. McKnight, must "patronize home productions," and who bought another 
 sack. Thus, forty years ago the first load of flour carried into Dubuque from the 
 West was peddled out in the streets of the town. 
 
 The next Fall, 1839, Mr. Bailey, having raised a crop of wheat of his own, 
 again started for Sage's, still the nearest mill, with forty bushels of wheat, 
 loaded on a wagon drawn by three "yokes of oxen." In two days, he reached 
 the mill-, but the water was low, several "grists" were ahead of him, and 
 he was obliged to wait a week for his turn ; while waiting, he boarded with the 
 miller, and paid for his board by working in the blacksmith shop. When at 
 last his "grist " was ground, he returned to Dubu(pie, where he peddled out his 
 flour as before and purchased some groceries, clothing, etc., and returned home 
 — having been absent two weeks. There were no roads nor bridges then, and 
 the trail was a; hard one to travel. This was the first flour sent to market from 
 Delaware County. 
 
 During the first session of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Iowa 
 in the Winter of 1838-39, by an act approved January 25, 1839, James Fan- 
 ning, John Paul and Benjamin C. Pierce, were appointed Commissioners "to lay 
 out a territorial road running the most practicable route from Dubuque to the set- 
 tlement in Delaware County." These Commissioners were directed to meet at 
 Dubuque on the first Monday in June following, and "proceed to the discharge 
 of their duties." The road Avas laid out to the county line east of Rockville. 
 The Commissioners were very cautious about locating a road in Delaware County. 
 
 John W. Penn made a claim in a little grove, since called Penn's Grove, in 
 the northern part of Township 88, Range 4, on the bank of Plum Creek, in 1838, 
 and built a cabin in the Spring following. 
 
 At the close of 1838, the Delaware settlement had not increased very mate- 
 rially, although the county had been visited and examined during the Summer 
 and Fall by a number of men, some of whom afterward became actual settlers. 
 At Fads' Grove the only families were those of William Fads and John Hinkle. 
 
 Farly in the Spring of 1839, Silas Gilmore settled in the northern part of 
 Township 90 north, Range 3 west (Colony), near the present residence of Law- 
 rence McNamee, Fsq. One B. T. Lounsberry entered some land in the vicinity 
 of Eads' Grove. April 4th, and, eight days after, Fleazer Frentress, one of the 
 earliest settlers in Dunleith, 111., entered lands in the Grove, now (1878) occu- 
 pied by his son, John B. Frentress, and two brothers. Frentress also entered 
 some land further north, at Hinkle's Grove (now York). May 22d, David 
 Moreland, William McMullen, William McQuilkin, Benjamin Reckner, wtih 
 their families, and P. C. Bolsinger, arrived from Pennsylvania and located in 
 the northern part of Township 90 north. Range 3 west, near Gilmore, where 
 Colesburg was afterward founded. McMullen and McQuilkin located on the. 
 prairie, about a mile west of Moreland's. Bolsinger went back to Pennsyl- 
 vania, but afterward returned again and settled. This settlement was named 
 the " Colony," by Judge Thomas S. Wilson, and from this the present township 
 of Colony took its name. 
 
336 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Morolaml and liis '-colony" came from Uniontown, JFayette County, 
 Penn. For eif^hteen years, ^Ir. iNIoreland had managed the stage line between 
 Wheeling, "Was'hington and Baltimore, and, in 1833, when Black Hawk was 
 taken to Washington, he was transported from Wheeling in one of Moreland's 
 coaches. In the Spring of 1839, he and his colony chartered the small steam- 
 boat, " Fayette," Capt. Benedict Kimball, for $1,500, from Brownsville to 
 Cassville. On this boat they loaded their household goods, supplies, farming im- 
 plements, wagons, stock, etc., and steamed down the Ohio River and up the 
 Mississippi to Cassville. Here they landed, and came across the country to 
 the spot where they located. They were thus enabled to bi-ing more of the 
 conveniences of their Eastern homes than were enjoyed by any other family in 
 the Delaware settlements at that time. They immediately commenced opera- 
 tions, breaking prairie and building cabins, sleeping in their wagons, which 
 were covered with oil-cloth, and cooking in the open air until their cabins 
 were completed. Judge Bailey went up and broke some prairie for them that 
 Spring. Missouri Dickson and family came in July, and settled at White Oak 
 Grove, about four miles southeast of Moreland's. Samuel Dickson came about 
 the same time. The Dicksons were hunters, withal, and many of their adven- 
 tures are related. Hon. Eliphalet Price, in some sketches of early history, 
 recently published, relates the following, of Avhich Missouri Dickson was the 
 hero : 
 
 A short distance from the mouth of the Volga, there is a tributary known as Bear Creek, 
 which receives its name from the following hunting incident. Missouri Dickson and his brother 
 Samuel, having started a large bear in the limber of Turkey River, late in the Fall of 1839, 
 followed its footprints in the snow until they reached the vicinity of this stream, when they 
 separated, Missouri following the trail, and his brother making a circuit, in the hope of heading 
 ot!" tlie retreat of the animal. Soon after they liad parted, Missouri came up with the bear, which 
 had curled down to sleep beneath an overhanging rock. He fired his rifle and wounded the 
 bear, when it immediately turned upon him, and he fled in the direction of the creek. Dickson 
 was wont to tell his adventure thus : •• Fur half a mile or so, there wuz suthin' more'n daylight 
 atween us, an' if Sam hadn't afired just as 1 wuz hoovin' it across the crik, there'd abeen one 
 old bear hunter a considerably spiled." 
 
 Wellington Wiltse, Thomas Cole, James Cole, Albert Baker, A. J. Black- 
 man, James Rutherford and, perhaps others, located near Moreland's. Some 
 authorities state that W^ellington W^iltse built a cabin on Section 4, Township 
 90. Range 3, in 1838, and that Thomas Cole, Albert Baker and Gilmore made 
 claims in that year. Judge Bailey states that, when he was breaking prairie 
 two weeks for Moreland, in June, 1839, only Gilmore and John Nagle were 
 there. Nagle Avas just over the line, in Clayton County. 
 
 Gilbert D. Dillon settled in the east part of Township 88, Range 3, 
 near Kibbee's, in the Spring of 1839, and built the first frame house in the 
 county. So far as is known, he was the first Justice of the Peace in Delaware. 
 Mr. Dillon is said to have been the first banker in Iowa. He settled in 
 Diibuijiie in 1837, and, in connection with citizens of that place, established 
 
 the Miners' Bank, of which Lockwood was President and Dillon, 
 
 Cashier. They applied to the Legislature for a charter, and, in order to show 
 sufficient reserve, Mr. Dillon went to Galena and borrowed $5,000, which was 
 returned tifter a few days. The President and other stockholders soon borrowed 
 the money they had put in, and appeared to be anxious to obtain Dillon's, also 
 — some $5,000 or $0,000 in gohl — leaving him to run the business with the 
 deposits alone. He refused to discount any more of their paper, whereupon 
 they secretly held another meeting and elected another Cashier. Dillon, hear- 
 ing of their action, promptly buried the gold he had put in, and, when called 
 uj.on, meekly gave up the keys of the safe, but the new Cashier found the bank 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 337 
 
 destitute of funds. Lockwood and his associates secured some wild-cat money 
 and resumed business. Afterward, at the instance of Lockwood and Lang- 
 worthy, Dillon was indicted for perjury, in swearing to a false statement of 
 assets, but Messrs. McKniglit and Gratiot staunchly stood by him, and the 
 prosecution was abandoned. 
 
 Jacob Schwartz settled on the banks of Plum Creek, east of the lake, on 
 Congressional Township 88 — 8, probably on or near Section 20, in the timber, 
 in the early Spring of 1839. 
 
 Roland Aubrey, a Kentuckian by birth, went from Missouri to Illinois and 
 enlisted as a volunteer, to serve in the Black Hawk war in 1832. His brother 
 
 Aubrey (Auberry, in the History of Jo Daviess County, Illinois), was 
 
 murdered and scalped by the Winnebago Indians, at Blue Mound, Wisconsin, 
 in June, 1832. After the war, Roland married his brother's widow and settled 
 in Southwestern Wisconsin. He states that in August, 1839, he came to Dela- 
 ware County, Iowa, built a cabin near the center of Township 88 — 3, a short 
 distance northeast of Schwartz's, made some hay, returned to Wisconsin and 
 removed to his new home with his family in the Fall. Mr. Aubrey is still 
 (1878) living near his original claim, hale and hearty, about 70 years of age, 
 and in full possession of all his faculties. He was a strong, athletic man, a 
 genuine specimen of a jovial, genial, rollicking Western frontiersman, and was 
 very popular among the early settlers. Mr. Aubrey relates that in the Winter 
 of 1839-40, he went to Schwartz's, early one morning. The snow, he says, 
 was "crotch deep." Schwartz's boys, while he was there, took their axes, and 
 called up three big dogs, saying that they were going out to kill a deer. One 
 of the boys soon came to the door, his eyes as big as saucers, saying they had 
 just killed a panther. Schwartz and Aubrey followed the boy, and saw that it 
 was indeed true. The dogs had found the animal in a tree, whence he sprang 
 among them. Before he could gather himself they seized him, and while strug- 
 gling with the dogs one of the boys ran up and despatched the panther by 
 crushing his skull with his axe. Aubrey says it was a full grown specimen. 
 
 Robert B. Hutson, John Clark and Michael H. Hingst settled near Eads' 
 Grove. The Land Office records show that Ebenezer Taylor and William Davis 
 entered land in the vicinity of the Eads settlement in 1839, and it is proper to 
 remark that, for several years from 1839, lands were entered in various parts of 
 the county by parties who never became actual settlers. 
 
 John Corbin and his wife, from Ohio, settled, this year, on Plum Creek, 
 about four miles southeast of Penn's cabin. 
 
 Samuel P. Whittaker located in Township 87 north, Range 4 west (Union), 
 in 1839. His claim was southwest of the present town of Hopkinton. 
 
 Hawley Lowe and Jefferson Lowe settled west of Kibbee's. 
 
 Thomas Nicholson died in 1839, and was the first adult death in the county. 
 
 THE FIRST ELECTION. 
 
 July 29, 1839, the County Commissioners of Dubuque County passed the 
 
 following : 
 
 Ordered, That au election precinct be establislied at the house of .Tacob Schwartz, to be 
 known as the Schwartz Precinct. 
 
 There is no record of an election at Schwartz's in that year, but that there 
 was such is indicated by the Commissioners' records of Dubuque County, of 
 date Monday, August 26, which provided for the payment of Judges of Elec- 
 tion, Clerk and Messenger, of Schwartz Precinct, at the election held the first 
 Monday in August, as follows : John W. Penn, Lucius Kibbee and Jacob 
 
338 HISTORV OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Swart (Schwartz), Judges, $1.00 each; G. D. Dillon, Clerk, $1.00, and Will- 
 iam H. Morning. Clerk and Messenger, ^-t.oO. 
 
 At this election, the settlers of Delaware County voted for Dubuque County 
 officers and for members of the Territorial Legislature ; but in relation to the 
 number of votes polled, the records are silent. 
 
 Lucius Kibbee served on the Grand Jury of Dubuque County in August, 
 1839. Lerov Jackson and William H. Whiteside were, also. Grand Jurors in 
 that year, but not from Delaware. 
 
 The first religious services in Delaware, of which record or tradition remains, 
 were held in 1839, by Mr. Simeon Clark, a Methodist preacher from Dubuque 
 County, at the Moreland settlement, or colony. He was called Preacher Clark 
 by the settlers, and "Cap-head" Clark by the ungodly boys, because he gen- 
 erally went without a hat, having a handkerchief bound around his head. He 
 was not an ordained minister at that time, but was an earnest exhorter, and 
 generally preached to the settlers on Sunday, while out upon his bee-hunting 
 expeditions. In the Summer of 1839, Mr. Clark and a Mv. Funston, also of 
 Dubuque, traversed Delaware County, hunting bees. In relation to the first 
 religious services by Mr. Clark, Mr. McNamee writes : " The first sermons he 
 preached were in a little cabin occupied by four or five young men (names not 
 given, but probably Gilmore, Baker, Thomas Cole and others), who were " keep- 
 ing bach," as they termed it. Said cabin was the first one that was built in 
 this township, and the first sermon that was preached in this township was in 
 this bachelor cabin." 
 
 In the Fall of 1839, a war party of the Sacs and Foxes, or Musquakas, 
 numbering twenty-five, under the lead of one of Keokuk's sons, stopped at 
 Moreland's on their way to the head waters of the Volga, whither they were 
 going to surprise a camp of Winnebagoes. While at the Colony, Jacob B. 
 Moreland, then a lad of 18, sold them his dog for a deer and coon they had 
 killed. This party afterward surprised the camp of Winnebagoes while the 
 chief and his braves were absent hunting, killed twenty-five old men, squaws 
 and children, and captured two of the chief's children. 
 
 During 1840, immigration to the Delaware settlements began to increase 
 very considerably, and relatively large accessions were made to the population. 
 Among those who sought homes in the groves and on the prairiesof Delaware 
 in 1H40, may be mentioned the following : 
 
 Clement Coffin, who made his headquarters at Fads' Grove, while he ex- 
 plored the country, permanently located in the beautiful grove since known by 
 his name, in the southern central part of Township 89 N., R. 6 W. (Coffin's 
 Grove), and became one of the leading, influential citizens of the county ; at that 
 time his family was located farther west than any other white family in this part 
 of the Territory of Iowa. 
 
 Of Judge Coffin, Mr. Peet in his Centennial sketch remarks : " He was a 
 genuine an«l true man to his friends ; of great fidelity to his trust ; entirely free 
 from anything like hypocrisy ; he made up his mind with deliberation, and 
 then expressed his oi)inion whether his hearers were pleased or not ; and we 
 always knew where to find liim. He was a millwright, a carpenter, a dairyman, 
 a wagon maker and a successful, energetic farmer. Mrs. Coffin knew how to 
 draw around her wilderness home the wise and the good. She raised her family 
 well, and fitted them for the highest and best social positions. 
 
 Daniel Brown had settled at Fads' Grove. Brown is said to have been the 
 first blacksmith in the county, but Joel Bailey was a gunsmith, and, as we have 
 seen, worked some at blacksmithing. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 339 
 
 Robert Gamble, William R. Evans, and perhaps others settled near Eads. 
 Drury R. Dance had settled near Schwartz, and Oliver A. Olmstead located 
 near Dillon's. 
 
 The Moreland colony received comparatively large additions to its popula- 
 tion during this year. Leonard Wiltse and family (iVpril), John Melugin and 
 family, Drake Nelson, Nathan Springer, Amasa Wiltse, William Montgomery 
 and James Montgomery settled in that vicinity. Abraham and ^Villiara H. White- 
 side, formerly of Jo Daviess County, 111 , located and probabl}^ settled on the 
 North Fork of the Maquoketa in the Fall ; William H. Whiteside was one of the 
 Judges of Election in Paul's Precinct, Dubuque County, in August, 1840. 
 
 Duncan McCullom settled in the southeast part of the county, near the 
 Livingstons. Richard Waller, Joseph Ogilby, Elder Ira A. Blanchard (who 
 was the first minister of the Gospel, Baptist) to settle in Delaware County, 
 Orlean Blanchard and perhaps some others settled on Buck Creek, in Town- 
 ship 87, R. 4 W. 
 
 Benjamin F. Moffatt settled on Plum Creek (east of the present town of 
 Delhi), near Schwartz ; between Moffatt's and Penn's Grove George and 
 John Cutler built their cabins, and near them settled Moses Pennock. The 
 Lindsey family, formerly at Eads' Grove, settled in this vicinity about this time. 
 
 Charles W. Hobbs came in 1840, and lived one year at Dillon's, then moved 
 to Penn's Grove. 
 
 William R., Adin, John and Leverett Padelford, with their mother and three 
 sisters, settled near the mouth of Honey Creek, in Township 89 N., R. 5 W, 
 (one of the sisters, Delotia, subsequently married John Nagle, one of the first 
 settlers of the Colony. Leverett Padelford, his mother and sister Sarah died 
 here, and lie buried in a field south of Jones' woolen mills, and a little west of 
 Acers' Addition to Manchester, with nothing to mark their last resting places.) 
 Leverett Rexford, who was the brother of Mrs. Padelford, his son Francis, 
 daughter Olive, and nephew, Valorus B. Rexford, came with the Padelfords. 
 
 About the same time, Joel Pike took up land in the same township, near 
 Hutson's, and near the present site of Millheim. 
 
 Leroy Jackson, whose bojdiood days were spent in the frontier settlements 
 of Kentucky, served in the Black Hawk war, and settled in Dubuque, in 1833. 
 He was Avell skilled in all the arts of woodcraft, and frequently traversed the 
 Delaware prairies on hunting expeditions. He took a plat of the lake, in 1837. 
 In one of his hunting expeditions in 1840, he came to Nicholson's cabin. The 
 father was dead and the widow did not wish to remain, and Jackson bought the 
 sons' claim and property, consisting of thirty-five acres improved land, 160 
 bushels of wheat, 400 bushels corn, 2 yokes of oxen, 2 cows, 3 or 4 young cattle, 
 2 bbls. strained honey,* 1 barrel honey in comb, some hogs, hay, etc The 
 price was $800, and Jackson paid $775. One of the Nicholsons afterward went 
 to California. After making the bargain, Jackson returned to Dubuque, and 
 induced Henry A. Carter, then in trade at that place, to join him in the purchase. 
 
 * This seems at this day to be almost incredible, but it must be remembered that at that time, wild bees were numer- 
 ous, and this was a land literally " flowing with wild honey," if not with milk. The groves were full of "bee-trees," 
 and the early settlers always had plenty of honey. Judge Bailey states that in 1810, the Spring was mild, and one 
 afternoon in March, he took his bait box, went out and found two bee-trees, from one of whiih, he and Keeler took 
 about one hundred pounds of nice honey. Their mode of finding the bees was simple. The hunter was provided with 
 a small box, in the bottom of which a piece of honey-comb was placed; this box was pinned with a lid in which a piece 
 ef glass was set. There was also a slide by which the honey could be shut from the bees in the top. Sometimes a piece 
 of bne bretvd was taken along to be burned to " toll " the bees. Arriving at the scene of operation, the hunter watched 
 until he found a bee on a flower, when he would quietly approach with his open box, suddenly shut the lid, and the bee 
 finding itself imprisoned would fly up against the glass, the slide would then be closed until the insect became quiets 
 when it would be gentry opened and the bee would soon drop down upon the honej and go to work. The. box was then 
 opened and the bee rising in the air would circle round a few times and then strike a "bee-line" for its tree. If it 
 was near, it would be but a short time before there would be several bees return to tha treasure the first had found, 
 indicating some mode of communication between these industrious and intelligent insects; watching their flight, the 
 hunter was soon able to determine what direction to take, and seldom failed to find the tree. 
 
340 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Jackson moved to the Nicholson phice in 1840, and in the Winter of 1840-41, 
 built a house of hewed logs, for Carter, who removed thither the following 
 Spring. This was the first house built on tlie site where Hopkinton was after- 
 ward founded. While raising this house, it is said that Hugh Livingston, who 
 was a verv athletic man, picked up one the logs eighteen feet long, and raised it, 
 without aid, to its place. Roland Aub>-ey imitated his example, but it is said 
 did not handle his log with quite the same ease. 
 
 Jackson and Carter each entered a quarter section, in 1840. 
 
 William Bennett and his family returned to Eads' Grove in the Fall of 1840, 
 but his restless disposition would not permit him to remain long in any one 
 place, and in the Summer of 1841, he removed to Buchanan County 
 and built a log cabin on the bank of the Wapsipinicon, becoming the first white 
 settler of that county. April 16, 1842, he laid out a town there, employing Joel 
 Bailey to do the surveying, and called it "Democracy," afterward changed to 
 Quasqueton. He also built a mill there during the same year, but in 1843, 
 sold out and went to Dubuque, where he had a tin shop for awhile. 
 
 Among those who settled on Buck Creek at a very early day (but dates of 
 
 settlement ai-e now lost), were Nelson Main, Silas Main, Charles Roff, 
 
 Green, William Robinson and Aaron Blanchard. 
 
 By an " act to organize, discipline and govern the militia of the Territory," 
 approved January 4, 1839, the Territory was divided into three divisions. The 
 counties of Clinton, Jones, Jackson, Dubuque, Clayton, Delaware, Fayette, 
 Buchanan and Benton were constituted the Third Division. It was provided 
 that '"whenever a county or district of country is distant, or so detached that 
 in the opinion of the Governor it would be inconvenient for the persons residing 
 there to belong to a organized regiment, they shall be organized as a separate 
 battalion under the command of a Major." According to the best infor- 
 mation now accessible, there appears to have been a meeting held at 
 "Schwartz's," on Plum Creek, in 1840, for the election of officers for a 
 military company, at which John W. Penn was elected Captain, and John 
 Hiiikle, Lieutenant. 
 
 May 27, 1840, Daniel Brown Avas appointed Constable for Eads Precinct, 
 by the County Commissioners of Dubuque, and July 20th, Wra. H. Whiteside 
 was appointed one of the Judges of Election in Paul's Precinct, Dubuque 
 County. 
 
 Tlie early records of Dubuque County are imperfect and do not show the 
 a[)pointment of Judges of Election in Schwartz Precinct or the creation of 
 Eads Precinct, but September 14, 1840, the Commissioners of Dubuque ordered 
 the ]iayment of the following Judges and Clerks of Election and Messengers in 
 Delaware County, at the election in August : Schwartz Precinct, B. F. Moffatt, 
 D. R. Dance and Hawley Lowe, Judges ; John Corbin and G. D. Dillon, 
 Clerks ; H. Lowe, Messenger. Eads Precinct, Daniel Brown, A. Dike and 
 Thomas J. (G.) Eads, Judges ; Leverett Rexford and Valorus B. Rexford, Clerks ; 
 Thomas J. (G.) Eads, Messenger. Michael H. Hingst, Wm. R. Evans and A¥. 
 H. Morning served as (irand Jurors at Dubut^ue, at the Fall term of court, 
 1>!40. Oliver A. Olmstead and a William Bennett also served as Jurors in 
 September, 1840, 
 
 In 1840, in the Summer, says Mr. Jacob B. Moreland, who was then a 
 young man of 11>, a log school ho;ise was built about three-fourths of a mile north 
 of his father's house. 
 
 In this school house, before it was '^chinked," says Mr. Moreland, Preacher 
 €lark held r-'liirious services. " One ]ileas:int Sunday morning, Clark, with his 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 341 
 
 rifle on his shoulder, rode up to the fence near ray father's (David Morehand's) 
 house, and called father and me from the cabin and informed us that he had just 
 shot and badly wounded a deer, in the grove near by, and if we would go out 
 Ave could get it. We went out, of course, and brought it in. That day, Mr. 
 Clark preached in the new school house." Shooting deer on the Sabbath was 
 evidently considered by the pioneer preacher of Delaware as falling within his 
 legitimate calling, and he probably wanted a nice venison steak for dinner. 
 
 " As soon as the new school house was completed," states Mr. Moreland, 
 " the first school in the county was opened in it, during the same Fall, by Mrs. 
 McClelland, wife of Hon. James A. McClelland, who had been for some years 
 a Member of Congress from Fayette Co., Penn., and who came to Iowa shortly 
 before in reduced circumstances." Congressmen did not get rich in those days. 
 
 " About two months after school commenced, the school house was burned, 
 and afterward Mrs. McClelland kept her school in James Cole's cabin. In the 
 Spring of 1842, another school house was built, of logs, near the site of 
 the former one, and the first school in it was taught by Miss Maria Phillips." 
 
 In the Autumn of 1840, William and Cornelia Dillon, twin children of Mr. 
 and Mrs. G. D. Dillon, were horn, being the first births recorded after the birth 
 and death of Mr. Bennett's child, in 1837-38 ; and on the 7tli of January, 
 1841, John W. Corbin was born. 
 
 The first law suit, so far as is known, occurred about this time. Charles W. 
 Hobbs bought a yoke of cattle of Mr. Kibbee, and, shortly after, one of the oxen 
 died. Hobbs thought he ought not to pay full price, and Kibbee thought differ- 
 ently. Suit was brought before Gilbert D. Dillon, Justice of the Peace, and 
 the case was considered one of such magnitude that a jury was called. Among 
 the jurymen remembered were Joel Bailey, Leroy Jackson and Roland Aubrey. 
 The jury thought that if they adhered strictly to law they could not do equal 
 and exact justice to both parties, and failed to agree, but intimated that referees 
 might agree. At the request of both parties, the jurymen consented to act as 
 referees. Sitting in equity thereon, they readily agreed upon a decision they 
 considered just and right, but, says one of them, '" we made both parties mad." 
 
 THE FIRST MARRIAGES. 
 
 The first marriage license issued to Delaware people by the Clerk of Du- 
 buque County, now on record, was issued to John Delong and Matilda A. 
 Kibbee, June 19, 1840. Miss Kibbee was the daughter of Lucius Kibbee, then 
 living where Rockville now stands, and the inference is, in the absence of 
 absolute knowledge, that the wedding, which took place June 21, 1840, was at 
 his house. If so, this must, in the light of present knowledge, be considered 
 the first wedding in Delaware County. Mr. Delong lived at Cascade, 
 Dubuque County. 
 
 July 20, 1840, it is said that Thomas Cole and Miss Barbara Nicholson, 
 step-daughter of William Fads, were married at Eads' Grove, by Rev. Simeon 
 Clark ; and it has been stated that this was the first Avedding in the county. 
 
 The license register of Dubuque County does not show that license was 
 issued, and the marriage certificate is not now on file there. There is on file, in 
 the Office of the Clerk of the Court at Dubuque, a document which was, doubt- 
 less, filed to show Mr. Clark's authority to solemnize marriages as a substitute 
 for a minister of the Gospel. This is a certificate, signed by Bishop Thomas A. 
 Morris, certifying that " Simeon Clark is set apart for a Deacon in the Metho- 
 dist Episcopal Church," and "recommending him, in the absence of an Elder, 
 
342 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 as a suitable person to administer the ordinance of baptism, marriage and burial 
 of the dead." Tliis document was dated at Plattville, W. T., August 29, 1841. 
 Doubtless Mr. Clark neglected to make the proper return of the marriage to be 
 recorded at Dubu<|ue. 
 
 The ne.\t license recorded after Delong-Kibbeewas granted January 7, 1841, 
 to John Nagle and Delotia Padelford : ''on oath of Nagle," certifies P. S. 
 Dade, the Clerk, " that she was a resident of Delaware County, and of the age 
 of eighteen years, and had no husband, and that he was over the age of twenty- 
 one and had no wife." This couple was married at Eads' Grove, January 13, 
 1841, bv the Rev. Hiram Hubbard. 
 
 June 14, 1841, Gilbert D. Dillon, Justice of the Peace, certifies that B. 
 Beard.'^lcy and Miss Mary Ann Wright were joined in matrimony by him ; and, 
 November 17, of the same year, Daniel Brown, Justice of the Peace, officiated 
 at the marriage of John Clark and Miss Olive Rexford. Samuel Kelly and 
 Phebe Ann Tubbs were married in September, 1842. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. 
 
 The people of Delaware had no representative from their own territory in 
 the second Legislature of the Territory of Iowa, of 1839-40. There were 
 hardly settlers enough in the county to make one full school district. But 
 difficulties arose between thetAvo counties of Dubuque and Delaware, as the latter, 
 being unorganized, was practically a part of the former ; territorial roads had 
 been and were being laid out across the county, and the people of Dubuque 
 were sharp enough to see that they might be called upon to expend more money 
 in Delaware than they could reasonably expect to receive in revenue from its 
 settlers. They did not like the idea of expending their money in sloughs fifty 
 miles away when they needed it so much nearer home. The settlers of Dela- 
 ware, they thought, ought to take care of themselves and build their own roads, 
 and concluded, by a little gentle force, to compel them to organize their county, 
 and thus relieve the Dubuque people from a disagreeable burden. Hence it is 
 sai<l that the following act was passed without the knowledge or consent of the 
 Delaware people, and was originated by the Dubuque delegation in the Terri- 
 torial Legislature. If any of the settlers of Delaware knew of such contem- 
 plated action, it is certain, says Judge Bailey, that " the most of them were 
 entirely ignorant of it until after the passage of the act," which, as a matter of 
 historical interest, is given in full as follows : 
 
 [CHAPTER 7, LAWS 1839.] 
 
 AN ACT to provide for the organization of the County </ Delaware, and to locate the seat of justice 
 thfreof. 
 
 Skction 1. Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of the Territory of Iowa: 
 That the County of Delaware shall be organized for county purposes as other counties of this 
 Territory ha-ve heretofore been organized. 
 
 .Sec. 2. The seat of justice of said county shall be located by tjiree Commissioners, non-resi- 
 dents of said county, which .said Commissioners shall meet together on or before the tirst day of 
 May next, eighteen hundred and forty, and forthwith proceed to e.xamine into and determine 
 upon the most eligible point for the county seat of said county, having reference as far as practi- 
 cable to a central situation, and also to the convenience of the present and prospective population. 
 
 Sec. 3. The said Commissi. )ners shall, bef'>re they enter upon the performance of their said 
 <luties, take and subscribe before some District .Judge or Justice of the Peace, the following oath, 
 
 to wit : " I, , one of the Commissioners appointed to locate the seat of justice in 
 
 and f.ir the county of Delaware, do hereVjy swear by Almighty God, the searcher of all hearts, 
 that I will perforin the duty imposed by said appointment honestly and faithfully, according to 
 the best of my understanding and abilities, and according to the law relative to locating said 
 county seat; and I do further swear, as aforesaid, that I am not interested in said location in 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 343 
 
 any manner whatever, present or in expectancy, but that in locating said county seat, I will be 
 actuated only by a desire for the best interests of said county, without the slightest partiality 
 toward any person or persons, and without any bias from fear, favor or recompense, or the hope 
 of gain or advantage to myself in any respect whatever." 
 
 Sec. 4. So soon as convenient, not exceeding fifteen days after the location shall have been 
 made, the said Commissioners, or a majority of them, shall make out and return to the Governor 
 a full statement or report of the place selected, describing the same as fully as practicable, which 
 report, together with the foregoing affidavits, shall be filed in the office of the Secretary of the 
 Territory, to remain of public record. 
 
 Sec. 5. The county shall, so soon as said report shall be filed, be considered as a separate 
 county, and shall have all the privileges and be subject to all laws and provisions now in force, or 
 that may be hei-eafter in force, in regard to the counties of this Territory, and shall proceed 
 hereafter to elect their county officers at the same time and in the same manner as in other organ- 
 ized coimties. 
 
 Sec. 6. The first general election shall be held, for the whole county, at the houses of Wm. 
 Eads, J. Schwartz and David Morland ; and thereafter, the county shall be divided, by the 
 County Commissioners elect, into precincts, at the first regular meeting of their Board after said 
 first general election, so as to suit the convenience of the inhabitants generally. And the Judges 
 of said election shall seal up and direct the returns to the Clerk of the Commissioners' Court of 
 Dubuque County ; and the said Commissioners shall proceed to open and canvass the said returns, 
 and enter the same upon their records ; and shall issue certificates, notifying the persons having 
 a majority of votes for the different offices. 
 
 Sec. 7. The Commissioners appointed to locate the seat of justice, as aforesaid, shall receive 
 $3.00 per diem for the time they shall be actually engaged in locating the same, not exceeding 
 ten days, together with fiS.OO for every twenty miles' travel in going and returning to and from 
 said county. 
 
 Sec. 8. S. B. Umstead, of Clayton County, Shadrach Burliston, of Jackson County, and 
 Paul Cain of Dubuque County, shall [be] and they are hereby appointed Commissioners to 
 locate said county seat, under the provisions of this act. 
 
 Approved December 20, 1839. 
 
 For some reason, now unknown, the Commissioners appointed by the 
 act did not meet, as directed, on the 1st day of May, 1840. Perhaps they 
 thought it idle waste of time to locate a county seat on the broad and almost 
 trackless prairie. Perhaps the opposition to the proposed organization among 
 the settlers, when the action of the Legislature became known, may have in- 
 fluenced them. However that may be, at the extra session of the Legislature, 
 in July following, the act was passed : 
 
 An act to amend an act entitled " An act to 2)rovide for the organization of the county of Delaware, 
 and to locate the county seat thereof 
 
 Whereas, The Commissioners appointed by " An act to provide for the organization of the 
 county of Delaware, and to locate the seat of justice thereof," approved December 20, 1839, did 
 wholly fail to meet on the first day of May, eighteen hundred and forty, be it enacted, etc., that 
 William Smith, Sr., of Dubuque County ; William Jones, of Jackson County, and Thomas Denson, 
 of Jones County, are hereby appointed Commissioners, to meet at the house of William Eads, in 
 said county, on the first Monday of October, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and 
 forty, or within ten days thereafter, and proceed to permanently locate the county seat in and 
 for said county, according to the provisions and requirements of the act to which this is amend- 
 atory. 
 
 Sec. 2. That the eighth section of the act to which this is amendatory is hereby repealed. 
 
 Approved July 24, 1840. 
 
 Accordingly, at the time appointed, two of the Commissioners, Smith and 
 Denson, met at the house of William Eads, at Eads' Grove, to attend to the 
 arduous duty assigned them. Smith and Eads were old acquaintances, and it 
 soon became evident that the former had become convinced that the county seat 
 should be located in or near Eads' Grove ; but it was necessary, for the sake of 
 appearances, if for nothing more, that the Commissioners should visit other 
 localities and make some examinations elsewhere. From Eads' Grove they pro- 
 ceeded to Bailey's Ford. There was hardly a man in the county, and certainly 
 there was no man not a resident of the county, so well qualified to make a judi- 
 cious and satisfactory selection as Joel Bnilev. He had surveyed a large part 
 
344 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 of its territory, and was familiar with every stream, grove and spring within its 
 limits. There were three essential points to be considered, viz., wood, water 
 and an eligible site for a town. The exact geographical center of the county 
 was destitute of wood and water, and, hence, it could not be expected that the 
 county seat would be located at that precise point ; but the settlers of the 
 county evidently desired, if they must be organized, that the county seat should 
 be located as near the geographical center as an eligible site could be found. 
 
 Mr. Bailey frankly informed the Commissioners that he had made his loca- 
 tion at that point (Bailey's Ford) because, in his judgment, it was the best and 
 most desirable site for the seat of justice of the county. There was an excel- 
 lent mill privilege on the Macjuoketa, there was an abundance of wood, a good 
 spring of water, and there was a fine site for a town. These essentials could 
 not be found nearer the geographical center. The next most desirable location, 
 in his judgment, was Penn's Grove, and the third at "The Lake." 
 
 Mr. Denson informed Mr. Bailey that Mr. Smith was " set upon locating 
 the county seat at Eads' Grove," but that if Mr. Bailey would relinquish to the 
 county a certain "forty" on Section 9, at a mill site on the Maquoketa, he 
 (Denson) would favor the location of the county seat at Bailey's Ford. Mr. 
 Bailey replied that the location at Eads' Grove would not satisfy the people ; it 
 was too far north of the geographical center of the county, and that the " forty " 
 that Denson had designated was not a good location for a town, but that if the 
 ford was considered too far west — as the settlements, at that time, were nearly 
 all on the eastern side of the county — then the Commissioners had better take 
 Penn's Grove and The Lake into consideration. 
 
 From Bailey's Ford, the Commissioners went to " The Lake," visited the 
 "Big Spring," and Denson appears to have decided that this was the right 
 spot for the county seat. Smith was equally determined to locate it at Eads' 
 Grove. They spent some time in discussing the question, and the more they 
 argued, the more firmly each was convinced that the other was wrong and ought 
 to submit. It does not appear to have occurred to them that Mr. Jones might 
 have been called in to settle the dispute, and at last they determined to go home 
 and leave the question unsettled. 
 
 " The"somewhat important question occurred to Mr. Smith, however," saya 
 Mr. Hobbs, "that, if they failed to locate the county seat, they would not 
 be entitled to pay for what they had done, and he didn't like the idea of losing 
 so much heavy and useless work." Accordingly, he suggested to Mr. Denson 
 that they had spent two weeks in their arduous eiforts to fix the location, and if 
 they went home without doing it they would not be likely to get any pay. 
 "Now," said Smith, " I think Eads' is the best place, you think The Lake the 
 most eligible; we can't agree, and Jones isn't here; suppose we 'flip a dol- 
 lar?' " "Agreed!" said Denson. The dollar was "flipped," Smith won, 
 and the county seat was located in the southern part of Eads' Grove, near the 
 present site of Millheim, or " Dutchtown," as it was sometimes called, in the 
 northern part of Township 80 north, Range 5 west (Delaware). The county 
 seat, thus located by one of the three Commissioners, was named by Smith, 
 '^Elizabeth," in honor of Mrs. Elizabeth Bennett, the first white woman who 
 lived in the county. 
 
 As soon as the action of the Commissioners became known, it created intense 
 dissatisfaction among the settlers in all parts of the county, except those in the 
 immediate vicinity of Eads' Grove, and they did not propose to submit to it 
 without vigorous protest. A mass meeting, called by the settlers in the south- 
 eastern i)art of the county, assembled at Penn's Grove, and strong resolutions 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. M5 
 
 were unanimously adopted, protesting against "Elizabeth," denouncing the 
 Commissioners for their unfair action, and the indignant settlers determined to 
 petition the Legislature for permission to re-locate the county seat by a vote of 
 the people. They justly considered themselves as capable of making a selection 
 as non-residents could be, and, besides, they thought it was their right to locate 
 their owm county seat. Petitions were circulated, signed by every man in the 
 county, except those at '' Eads' Settlement." 
 
 The petition was presented to the Territorial Legislature, and a bill was 
 reported from the committee to which it was referred, providing that the citizens 
 of the county should locate their county seat by a vote of the people at the gen- 
 eral election in August following. The bill received no opposition, except from 
 Dr. Mason, of Dubuque, who argued, very eloquently, that the question of 
 locating the county seat Avas one of such great importance that it could not be 
 safely entrusted to the people most interested and best qualified to decide it. 
 The Delaware people had been forced into organization, and Mason evidently 
 thought that outsiders ought to locate their seat of justice, and, perhaps, run their 
 county machine as well. But his eloquence failed to convince his colleagues 
 and associates that there was any danger in permitting the people of the county 
 to manage their own aifairs without foreign interference. The bill passed, and 
 was approved January 13, 1841. 
 
 " An act to establish a Territorial road from the town of Dubuque to Camp 
 Atkinson," approved January 13, 1841, appointed Calvert Roberts, Samuel L. 
 Clifton and Joseph Hewett Commissioners to locate that road. So much of 
 this act as related to the road in Dubuque County was repealed February 16, 
 1842, and so much of the road as had been located in Dubuque County was 
 declared vacated ; but this repealing act was repealed June 11, 1845, and Peter 
 D. Sharp, David Moreland and William J. Anderson were appointed by the 
 Legislature to re-locate the road through Dubuque County, and, by way of the 
 Colony and Eads', to Camp Atkinson. 
 
 In the Spring of 1841, in order to fix upon some location for the county seat, 
 that the people might vote intelligently and with some degree of harmony, 
 another mass meeting was called at Penn's Grove, and after discussing the mat- 
 ter, a committee consisting of Joel Bailey, Leroy Jackson, William H. White- 
 side, Roland Aubrey, S. P. Whittaker, John W. Penn and Cyrus Keeler, were 
 appointed to select a proper location to be voted for, A few days later, four 
 members of the committee, viz., Bailey, Aubrey, Whiteside and Jackson, met at 
 Penn's Grove, and first proceeded to the geographical center of the county, a 
 short distance west of the present village of Delaware. But it was a high, 
 rolling prairie, destitute of wood and water, and the committee unanimously 
 decided that that point was ineligible. They then proceeded to the nearest 
 timber, southwest on Spring Branch, but upon examination, it was found to be 
 too much broken for a town site. They followed the stream to its confluence 
 with the Maquoketa, two miles west and two miles south of the geographical 
 center, and here some of the committee were in favor of locating, but all were 
 not satisfied, and they determined to visit " The Lake " (since known as Delhi or 
 Silver Lake), a beautiful sheet of water, surrounded by burr-oak groves, in which 
 was a large spring of living water, at that time considered indispensable in the 
 location of a town site. As they were riding leisurely along, approaching the 
 spring and lake from the west, in a little "run" (about forty rods northwest 
 of the present Catholic Church at Delhi, and a little west of the town as after_ 
 wards surveyed), a large deer suddenly sprang up and stood looking at the party 
 Settlers were not numerous then, and the deer were not so timid as they afte ' 
 
346 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 ward became. The party stopped instantly, and Aubrey, who, like the true 
 frontiersman he was, always carried his trusty rifle, dismounted, and as he 
 raised his piece, Jackson exclaimed, "Now, Aubrey, kill that deer and we will 
 stick the county seat stake right here." Aubrey's aim was unerring, and 
 the deer fell dead. Jackson's jocular remark was accepted in earnest, and the 
 stake was planted on the southeast quarter of Section 17, Township 88 N., R. 4 
 W., which the committee recommended to the people as the most suitable site, in 
 their judgment, for the county seat. 
 
 Durin cr 1841, the pioneer settlements of Delaware County were considerably 
 enlarged. '' Charles Osborn, Hiram Minkler, Henry Baker, Horace Tubbs and 
 others settled at Coffin's Grove. Ezra Hubbard, Jared Hubbard (April), Hor- 
 ace Pierce (April), Robert Torrence, Allen Fargo, Amos Williams, William 
 Burnham, John Burnham, Patrick Hogan and others in the northern part of 
 the county, near Moreland colony. Alexander Brown and Morris Reed, near 
 Eads'. Simeon Phillips and his son, Fayette Phillips settled near " The Lake." 
 Theodore Marks settled in T. 87, R. 3, about three miles northeast of Jack- 
 son's. " But," says Judge Bailey, " settlers came in very slowly for ten years, 
 and we were frequently discouraged. I never expected to see the day when 
 settlers would go on the open prairie west of us and make farms away from the 
 timber." The idea of planting timber on the open prairie had not then occurred 
 to the settlers, and all the early settlements were made in or very near the 
 groves and Avater courses. 
 
 In 1841, Leverett Rexford put up the walls of a cabin east of Bailey's, where 
 Jolin Lillibridgc now resides, and helped Bailey build a new cabin just north of 
 his first one, which is now (May, 1878) still standing in a good state of preserva- 
 tion. After the marriage of his daughter, in November, however, Mr. Rexford 
 went back to " York State." 
 
 April 5, 1841, by order of the Dubuque Commissioners, Lucius Kibbee was 
 paid ^3.00 and Missouri Dickson |1.50 for wolf scalps. 
 
 April 7, 1841, the County Commissioners of Dubuque again appointed 
 Judges of Election in Delaware as follows : Eads Precinct, Daniel Brown, John 
 Hinkle and William Eads; Schwartz Precinct, John W. Penn, John Keelerand 
 Leroy Jackson ; Moreland Precinct, Cole, Mallory, Moreland. 
 
 FIRST COUNTY ELECTION. 
 
 The election for the location of the county seat, and for the choice of 
 County officers, was held at tlic several precincts, according to the records, 
 August 2, 1841. The following incident of this election is related: Bennett, 
 whose claim was as likely to be his saddle as one on terra firma, was at Eads 
 Grove where Joel Bailey Avent to vote. Bailey was informed that Bennett 
 intended to vote, to Avhich he replied, " I shall challenge any illegal vote." Ben- 
 nett soon heard the remark, approached Bailey, and after introducing the sub- 
 ject, shook his finger in tlie hitter's face and menacingly remarked, " If anybody 
 challenges my vote, there's a finger that never trembles." Mr. Bailey fired up 
 a little. He was not a man to be bluffed by a bully, and he very firmly informed 
 Bennett that he should " challenge any man's vote that he believed to be illegal." 
 Bennett finding that his opponent didn't scare Avorth a cent, did not off"er his 
 Vote. 
 
 In September, 1841, the Dubu(|uc Commissioners ordered the payment of 
 Judges and Clerks of the election held August 2, 1841, as folloAvs : Judges and 
 <'lorks (im- d..llar each. Schwartz Precinct — Leroy Jackson, John Keeler and 
 
7V ' 
 
 
 ^, 
 
 ^^W^/ 
 
 COFFINS GROVE TR 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 349 
 
 John W. Penn, Judges ; J. R. Harvey and Charles W. Hobbs, Clerks ; J. W. 
 Penn, Messenger (4U miles), $4. Eads Precinct — William Eads, John Hinkle 
 and Daniel Brown, Judges ; Leverett Rexford and Robert Gamble, Clerks ; 
 William Eads, Messenger (50 miles), $5. Moreland Precinct — Thomas Cole, 
 Missouri Dickinson and David Moreland, Judges ; W. Montgomery and James 
 Rutherford, Clerks ; Thomas Cole, Messenger (35 miles), $3.50. Afterward, 
 however, on the 5tli of October, the Dubuque Commissioners rescinded the order 
 for paying these officers, " the Board being of the opinion that the County of 
 Delaware being, by law, a separate county, she in consequence is bound to pay 
 that expense." 
 
 Under the law, providing for the first election in Delaware County, the re- 
 turns were to be made to the Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners of 
 Dubuque County, and Charles W. Hobbs was appointed to carry them to 
 Dubuque, which he did on foot, walking forty-five miles, and arriving in 
 Dubuque about 9 o'clock P. M. of the last day on which the returns could be 
 legally filed. On the 4th day of October, at a meeting of the County Commis- 
 sioners of Dubuque County, the votes were canvassed, and the following officers 
 of Delaware County declared elected : Leroy Jackson, Sheriff, having received 
 twenty-two votes ; William H. Whiteside (thirty-six votes), William Eads 
 (twenty-three votes), Daniel Brown (twenty-three votes). County Commission- 
 ers; Robert B. Hutson, Treasurer (thirty-nine votes), John Padelford, Recorder 
 (twenty-seven votes) ; Joseph Bayley (Joel Bailey), County Surveyor (thirty- 
 four votes) ; Roland Aubrey, Judge of Probate (twenty votes) ; Fayette Phillips, 
 County Assessor (tAventy-one votes) ; William L. Woods, Coroner (fifteen votes) ; 
 Theodore Marks, Public Administrator (two votes) ; Hawley Lowe, Constable 
 for " Swartz " Precinct; Robex't Gamble (eleven votes) and William Evins 
 (Evans) (seven votes), Constables for "Eads " Precinct. 
 
 For county seat, twenty-five votes were cast for Township 88 north, Range 
 4 west, southeast quarter of Section 17, and, says the Commissioners' record, 
 "the old location received six votes." The "old location" was "Elizabeth," 
 located by William Smith, who was also one of the County Commissioners of 
 Dubuque County at this time. 
 
 The County Commissioners elect, met at the house of William Eads at Eads' 
 Grove, November 19, 1841. There is no record of the appointment of a Chair- 
 man, and the presumption is that Whiteside, being first on the roll, acted as 
 Chairman. Charles W. Hobbs was appointed Clerk of the Board " during its 
 pleasure." 
 
 Mr. Hobbs made an admirable Clerk. It was no easy task to perform the 
 duties of Clerk and Recorder in a new county, without knowledge of the numer- 
 ous details, and without guide or precedent, yet Mr. Hobbs was equal to the 
 emergency ; his records compare favorably with those of other and older counties, 
 and Delaware owes a debt of gratitude to its first Clerk that it cannot repay. 
 
 Having selected a county seat, it became the duty of the County Commis- 
 sioners to secure the land, but there was no money in the treasury, and, as sub- 
 sequent events proved, the credit of the county was not remarkably good. To 
 provide for the exigency, on the 20th the following order was passed : 
 
 Ordered, That William H. Whiteside be and he is hereby authorized to borrow money to 
 enter the county seat, and he is not to exceed 40 per cent, interest for the loan thereof; and 
 that he enter the quarter section on which the county seat is located, for the benefit of the County 
 Board. 
 
 Judge Bailey says that the quarter section selected was pre-empted by the 
 county, that is, it was marked, in the land office at Dubuque, so that it could not 
 
350 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 be entered bv :iny other parties, but it was necessary that the county should 
 raise the money (^200) within the time specified by Law. 
 
 The first deed recorded in Dehaware County was one bearing date January 
 4, 1842, signed by John Hinkle and his wife, Cynthia Hinkle, witnessed by 
 Thomas G^Eads and William H. Reed, conveying to John Clark 120 acres of 
 land in Township 88, Range 5, in consideration of $1,500, and acknowledged 
 b efore Daniel Brown, Justice of the Peace. It would seem that the considera- 
 tion of $1,500 was a large sum for 120 acres at that time. 
 
 January 17, 1842, the Commissioners met at the house of John W. Penn, 
 when it was ordered that Fayette Phillips be appointed County Assessor ; Chas. 
 W. Ilobbs, County Recorder ; Robert B. Hutson, County Treasurer, and Joel 
 Baik-y, County Surveyor, for the year 1842. Joel Bailey was also Deputy 
 Treasurer in the same year. 
 
 At the election, in August previous, all these had been elected, except Hobbs, 
 who was appointed in place of Padelford, wdio probably did not qualify, and this 
 action of the Board is not explained. 
 
 On the 18th, John W. Penn was appointed County Collector, and Daniel 
 Beck, one of the County Constables, in Eads Precinct, for the year 1842. 
 
 By an act of the Territorial Legislature, approved February 17, 1842, 
 entitled "An act for the organization of Townships," a former act, approved 
 January 10, 1840, was repealed, and County Commissioners were authorized 
 to divide their respective counties into townships of "such shape and size as 
 the convenience and interests of the citizens may require." 
 
 It appears that Mr. Whiteside w^as not successful in raising money, notwith- 
 standing the enormous rate of interest oifered, sufficient, one would think, to 
 tempt the cupidity of the money loaners of that day, and at this meeting the 
 order of November 11), 1841, relating to the matter, was rescinded. The Com- 
 missioners evidently thought that if settlers could get money to enter their 
 lands at 25 per cent, interest* the county ought to be able to drive as good a 
 bargain. Accordingly, on the 18th of January, 1842, the Board passed the 
 following order : 
 
 Ordered, That Daniel Brown be and he is hereby authorized and empowered to borrow 
 money on the best terms he can, not to exceed 25 per cent., to enter the county seat, and if he 
 can get the money, he is authorized to enter the county seat as soon as the money is procured, 
 without any delay, for the use and benefit of the county. 
 
 Until now, the county seat had no name, and it became necessary that a 
 name should be designated. The Commissioners did not like to take the respon- 
 sibility without first consulting their constituents, and they therefore requested 
 the settlers, many of whom had gathered at Penn's, for the session of the County 
 Commissioners' Court was an important event, to select a name. Several were 
 suggested. Mr. J. W. Penn thought that " Chester " would do; the name of 
 Marysville was suggested, in honor of Mrs. Mary E. A. Hobbs ; and Joel Bailey 
 and .J(jhn Keeler proposed, inasmuch as Delhi was the county seat of Delaware 
 County, N. Y., that " Delhi " would be a suitable name for the seat of justice 
 of Delaware County, Iowa. A vote was taken, and " Delhi " received the greatest 
 number. This was reported to the Connuissioners, who thereupon, January 18, 
 pa.ssed the following : 
 
 Ordered, Tliat the county seat of Delaware County be and it is hereby called and named 
 Demii. 
 
 The early settlers fonnd It very difficult to raise the money with which to pay for their land, and n 
 were ol'liK'-d to borrow. Jud^'o Bailey states that the usual rate was 25 per cent., to be paid annually, 
 entered the lan.l in his own name, giving the settler a bond for a deed, if the interest was paid when >.,.. „.... .^, 
 pmicipal at maturity, and these loans were seldom made for a longer time than two years. It was hard for the plo 
 neers, but many of them had uo other way of paying for their land. 
 
 many of them 
 
 The lender 
 
 due and the 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 351 
 
 Ordered, That the County Surveyor proceed to survey and lay off the county seat into lots, 
 on the 15th day of March, or as soon thereafter as the weather will permit. 
 
 Ordered, That the County Commissioners shall meet the County Surveyor at the county seat 
 on the 15th day of March, or as soon thereafter as the weather will permit. 
 
 It_ was important that the county should be provided with a seal, and the 
 Commissioners 
 
 Ordered, That the present seal of this Board be [C C ], and that it shall be affixed to any 
 instrument of writing appertaining to this Board, which may require a seal thereto. 
 
 By act of the Territorial Legislature, approved January 18, 1842, Joel 
 Bailey, of Delaware County, Edward Steel, of Dubuque County, and Mahon 
 Lupton, of Jones County, were appointed Commissioners to locate and estab- 
 lish a territorial road " from the county seat of Delaware to Dillon's Mill ; 
 thence, across the river, and running the east side of the Maquoketa, to the 
 falls on said river, at the town of West Cascade." 
 
 By act approved February 16, 1842, "Maquoketa" River was declared to 
 be a public highway for all navigable purposes whatsoever ; and owners of mill 
 dams and other dams were required " forthwith to construct such shutes or locks, 
 at least twenty feet wide and one hundred and twenty feet long," for the pas- 
 sage of "flat boats or other boats, crafts, etc." 
 
 THE FIRST COURT HOUSE. 
 
 It has seldom occurred in the history of this country that the people of 
 a county have turned out en masse to build a court house as they would to help 
 a neighbor build his cabin. The people of Delaware had selected a quarter 
 section of wild prairie for their county seat. There was not a single cabin on 
 it, and the nearest settler was two miles away. They had elected county ofii- 
 cers, but they could not meet at the county seat, and it was necessary that there 
 should be a court house erected. The Commissioners' Court must be provided 
 with suitable quarters ; besides, at no distant day, the settlers expected they 
 must provide for judicial courts. 
 
 Accordingly, during the Winter of 1842, in February or March, the set- 
 tlers gathered at "Delhi," with their axes and teams, to build the "Court 
 House." The spot selected was near the southeast corner of the quarter section, 
 a beautiful spot, a few rods from the lake. While some engaged in cutting the 
 logs in the timber — mostly hickory, on the south side of the lake — others, with 
 their teams, hauled them across the lake, on the ice, to the designated spot ; and 
 others still raised a commodious log building, 18x24 feet, two stories high, de- 
 signed for a court room on the first floor, and a jury room on the second. The 
 gable ends were " cobbed up," and the " ribs " and " ridgepole " placed in posi- 
 tion ready to receive the "shake" roof. This was the first building erected at 
 the county seat. Lumber was afterward hauled from Olmsted's mill for the 
 floors, but it was some time, as will appear, before the roof was put on and 
 the building finished. Mr. Hobbs says the "Commissioners held a meeting 
 in the Court House before the roof was put on. During the meeting it began 
 to rain, and I had to take oft' my coat to spread over the ' papers,' to keep them 
 dry." 
 
 Delhi was surveyed and platted by Joel Bailey, County Surveyor, in March, 
 1842. He was assisted by Charles W. Hobbs and Fayette Phillips, chainmen, 
 and John W. Penn, who cut the stakes. The plat, however, was not recorded 
 until the county acquired the title to the land, in March, 1846. When the sur- 
 vey was made, it was found that the Court House was upon two lots ; the line 
 between Lots 11 and 12 passed through it, leaving three or four feet of the build- 
 
352 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 in'^ on 12. The eastern tier of lots, of which 12 is one, Wcas afterward vacated 
 
 for a street. 
 
 The orio-inal plat, certified by Joel Bailey, March 31, and approved by the 
 County Commissioners, April 3, 1842, is still preserved, carefully framed, in 
 the Recorder's office, at Delhi. The vacated lots above mentioned have been 
 
 obliterated. 
 
 April 4, 1842, the County Commissioners met at the house of John W. 
 Penn, and appointed Ezra Hubbard, David Moreland and Montgomery Seur 
 (probably Montgomery, Senior,) as Judges of Election in the Moreland Pre- 
 cinct : Clement Coffin, Reed and Henry W. Lyons, Judges of Election 
 
 of Eads Precinct, and Abraham Whiteside, John Corbin and John Keeler, 
 Judges of Election in the Schwartz Precinct, for the year 1842. 
 
 At this session, the Board provided for the payment of Surveyor Bailey and 
 his assistants for laying out the town of Delhi. 
 
 Mr. Brown does not appear to have been successful in raising money to enter 
 the county seat for April 5, the following order appears of record : 
 
 Ordered, That William H. Whiteside be, and he is hereby, appointed to attend to the entry of 
 the county seat, and it it is entered to obtain a bond from H. W. Sartford, for the execution of a 
 deed to the county upon the payment of the entry money with twenty-five per cent, interest. 
 
 Ordered, That William II. Whiteside be and he is hereby authorized to sign a note in the 
 name of the County Commissioners for the payment of the money borrowed to enter the county seat. 
 
 April 6, the Board ordered the place of election in " Schwartz " Precinct, 
 champed to the house of John Corbin. The Court House needed some work 
 done on it to render it habitable. It needed a roof, windows, door, etc., and 
 the Commissioners 
 
 Ordered, That William Eads, be and he is hereby authorized to contract with a carpenter for 
 work to be done on the Court House at Delhi according to a bill of particulars, and he is limited 
 not to exceed sixty-five dollars for the same, to be paid in county orders. 
 
 July 5, 1842, the Board met as before, and ordered the payment of twelve 
 dollars each to Samuel Clifton, Joseph Hewett, Calvert Roberts and Alfred 
 Brown, for their services in laying out the road from Dubuque to Camp Atkin- 
 son, and for paying Alfred Wilson and Moses Hewett as chainmen, and George 
 Culver as stake driver. 
 
 By an act of the Territorial Assembly, approved February 10, 1842, the 
 County Commissioners of Delaware were re(iuired to pay Wm. Smith, Sr., 
 William Jones and Thomas Denson, three dollars per day each for their services 
 as Commissioners in locating the county seat of Delaware in 1840, " out of any 
 money in the county treasury of said county not otherwise appropriated." 
 Mr. Smith was prompt to present his bill, and inasmuch as the county treas- 
 ury was entirely guiltless of having any money, and there did not appear to 
 be any immediate prospect that the Treasurer's wallet would contain any, there 
 is a grim humor in the following order passed by the Commissioners : 
 
 Ordered, That William Smith, Surveyor of Dubuque County, be paid forty- two dollars out of 
 the treasury in any money not otherwise appropriated, for his services in locating the county 
 seat of Delaware County, as per account filed in this office. 
 
 The first action of the Commissioners in relation to county roads appears of 
 record at the July session, when it was 
 
 Ordered, That the road running from the Dubuque road, near Mr. Floids, to the White Oak 
 • irove, from thence to pass the school house and intersect the road running from Prairie du Chien 
 to tlie county line of Delaware, he and the same is hereby established as a public county road, 
 and that David Moreland, .Missouri Dickson and W. Wiltse are hereby appointed Commissioners 
 to locate the same, and that Kzra Hubbard is hereby appointed Supervisor of the same. 
 
 Orders were also passed at this meeting establishing the rate of taxes for the 
 year 1S42 as follows: " Levy on taxable property for county pur})oses, four and 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 353 
 
 three-fourths of a mill on the dollar ; Poll tax on every white male inhabitant 
 between 21 and 50 years of age, one dollar ; Territorial tax on all taxable prop- 
 erty m the county, one-fourth of a mill on the dollar. 
 
 THE FIRST TAX. 
 
 Among the early records of Delaware County preserved in the Treasurer's 
 office, at Delhi, are the abstracts of the assessment rolls of 1842, 1843, 1845 
 and 1847._ The first tax assessed in Delaware was in 1842, and the first assess- 
 ment roll is an interesting historical document, as it not only shows the amount 
 of taxes paid and the names of the tax payers, but indicates, with tolerable accu- 
 racy, the number and names of the actual settlers in Delaware County at that 
 time, as very few were non-residents. The document, of which the following 
 is a copy, was written upon two sheets of letter paper, by C. W. Hobbs, Clerk, 
 and it will be interesting to compare them with the tabular statement of valua- 
 tion and taxes levied in Delaware County, for 1877, as showing the results of 
 thirty-five years of, growth and progress: ' 
 
 ABSTRACT OF THE ASSESSMENT ROLL OF DELAWARE COUNTY, AS RETURNED AND ACCEPTED BY THE 
 
 COUNTY COMMISSIONERS FOR 1842. 
 Taxes Due. How Paid. 
 
 John Corbin 8 3.14% Is to pay $3.30; paid. 
 
 Liinius Kibbee, Jr.... 
 
 2.171.; 
 
 Hobbs pays ; paid. 
 
 William Eads 
 
 3.471;; 
 1.9.5 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Hpiirv W. Lyons 
 
 Holt pays. 
 
 Robert B. Hutson 
 
 3.4714 
 
 Paid. 
 
 
 2.081 ; 
 2.2-5 
 
 Paid. 
 
 .John Clark 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Adin raddleford 
 
 1.75 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Wm. K. Paddleford... 
 
 2.041; 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Clement Coffin 
 
 2.121; 
 
 Hobbs pays ; paid. 
 
 Cliarles Osborn. . ...... 
 
 .2.5 
 
 
 Emily Tubbs 
 
 .25 
 
 Paid. 
 
 James Cole 
 
 1.4.51; 
 
 Paid. 
 
 James Montgomery.. 
 
 2.10 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Leonard Wiltse 
 
 2.421; 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Wellins-ton Wiltse... 
 
 2.271/2 
 
 Paid SI. 271;; 81.00. 
 
 David Moreland 
 
 5.13 
 
 Paid ; over age ; Sl.OO. 
 
 Jacob Landis 
 
 1.70 
 
 Paid 82.70. 
 
 
 2.20 
 4.40 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Missouri Dickson — 
 
 Paid. 
 
 .Tames Rutherford.... 
 
 2.05 
 
 Cr. 60 paid ; paid. 
 
 
 2.35 
 3.00 
 
 Paid : Cr. Blacker, 65 
 
 Oilberf D. Dillon 
 
 Paid L. J. 
 
 Duncati MoCuUom... 
 
 2.05 
 
 Paid, 81.05. 
 
 ■Toll Benson 
 
 1.65 
 
 Paid. 
 
 William Burnham.... 
 
 2.(10 
 
 Overage; 81.00. 
 
 l^amuel Whitaker 
 
 4.65 
 
 Paid. 
 
 .Toseph Rutherford... 
 
 2.6314 
 
 Hobbs pays. 
 
 Orlean Blanchard 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 William Hoas 
 
 .50 
 
 Burnham to pay 25. 
 
 Joseph 03-lehv 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Favette Phillips 
 
 2.401 '„ 
 
 S. Philip is to pay 2; paid. 
 
 Simeon Phillips 
 
 1.72 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Richard F. Barrett... 
 
 4.00 
 
 Paid 82.00 (illegible ), 2.00. 
 
 Eleazor Venters 
 
 
 
 
 9.50 
 4.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 James Crawford 
 
 Paid. 
 
 
 2.771; 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.50 
 
 Paid. 
 
 
 Paid over; 30 due J. H. P. 
 
 William McMullin... 
 
 Eads paid. 
 
 .Toel Pike 
 
 .75 
 .75 
 
 Paid. 
 
 William Davis 
 
 Paid. 
 
 James Eads 
 
 1.531; 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Abraham Whitesldes 
 
 2.87 U 
 
 Paid. 
 
 
 1.50 
 2.25 
 
 Paid. 
 
 D. R Dance 
 
 Hoblis pays ; paid. 
 Paid. 
 
 
 i.oeVt 
 
 1.621 ; 
 
 John B. Bennoist 
 
 
 W. L. Woods 
 
 1.25 
 1.40 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Edmund Scoggins.... 
 
 Hobbs pays ; paid. 
 
 Daniel Brown 
 
 1.65 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Morris Reed 
 
 1.411; 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Alexander Browne... 
 
 2.1734 
 
 Paid. 
 
 John Hinkle 
 
 1.371 2 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Hiram Minkley 
 
 
 
 rMinkler) 
 
 1.38 
 1.30 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Horace Tubbs 
 
 
 
 2.22'4 
 
 ilii " 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Jacob Clark 
 
 Elds is to pay. 
 
 Joseph Lull 
 
 1.501-; 
 
 Over age ; 81 .00 paid. ' 
 
 Charles W. Hobbs 
 
 1.921^ 
 
 Hobbs pays ; paid. 
 
 Taxes Due. How Paid. 
 
 Thomas Coal (Cole)... 
 
 2.27^4 
 
 Eads pays. 
 
 Wm. Montgomery.. . 
 
 1.12 14 
 
 Overage; 81.00 paid. 
 
 Albert Baker 
 
 1.3U 
 
 Paid30centi, 
 
 Cylus (Silas) Gilmore 
 
 81.75 
 
 Paid. 
 
 R. Torents (Torrence) 
 
 1.25 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Moses Dean 
 
 1.40 
 
 Paid. 
 
 John Bradley 
 
 1.96 
 
 Paid. 
 
 William Hite 
 
 .25 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Hawlev Lowe 
 
 145 
 
 1.471.; 
 
 Paid 
 
 0. A.Olmsted 
 
 Paid. 
 
 
 1.821., 
 1.311 
 
 
 Hugh Livingston 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Angus Madison 
 
 1.42'-.< 
 
 Paid. 
 
 
 1 .571/2 
 
 Paid 
 
 John Livingston 
 
 1.6U 
 
 Paid 60 ; L. J. 60 paid. 
 
 James Livingston 
 
 1.60 
 
 Overage; 81 .00 paid; 60 
 
 Rheinard Kameron.. 
 
 1.13 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Arthur Laughlin 
 
 1.131; 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Roland Aubrey 
 
 1.55 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Leroy Jackson 
 
 2.22;i 
 
 Paid; L.J. 
 
 Henry A. Carter 
 
 1.40 
 
 Hobbs pays ; paid. 
 
 Hannah Carter 
 
 .85 
 
 Hobbs pays; paid. 
 
 Jefferson Lowe 
 
 1.121^ 
 
 Paid ; L. J. 
 
 William Nicholson... 
 
 1.25 
 
 Paid ; L. J. 
 
 Henry W. Hoskins... 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 John Paddleford 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Allen Fargo 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Phipps Wiltse 
 
 3.00 
 
 
 Liberty Coale (Cole).. 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Jacob Moreland 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 
 1.00 
 100 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Cyrus Keeler 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Amesy(Amasa)Wiltne 
 
 i.op 
 
 
 Theodore Marks 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 George Cutler 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Jno. Stansberry, paid, 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Charles Bennoist 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 W. H. White8ide,poIe 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Wm. Hite, 
 
 1.00 
 
 Paid. 
 
 Credit $177.61% 
 
 By error in Barrett's 
 tax 25 
 
 -8177.36% 
 
 (The following are in a different handwriting, but the 
 payments noted are by the same hand as the foregoing.) 
 
 A. J. Blackman 1.00 Paid. 
 
 James ('avini)W 50 Paid. 
 
 Frank BlefeWMoffatt) .50 Hobbs pays. 
 Daniel Thornsburg... 1 00 
 
 Franklin Culver 1..50 Paid SI .00. 
 
 Samuel Kelly 1.20 Paid. 
 
 Iria A. Blanchard 25 Paid ; L. J. 
 
 Laurense Mulican.... 1.00 
 Theophilus Croford... .50 Paid. 
 
 Jacob Landis 1.00 Paid. 
 
 Abner Eads 1.00 Paid. 
 
 177.34 
 
 $186.79 
 
 6.00 
 
354 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Delaware County, Iowa Territory, ss.: Tn the name of the United States of America, 
 Iowa Territory, to wit : 
 
 Leroj- Jackson, Collector of Taxes for Delaware County: \ou are hereby commanded to 
 collect the taxes charged in the foregoing abstract of assessment roll, by demamling payment 
 of the persons charged therein, and sale of their goods and chattels, severally, or by sale of the 
 tracts of land or lots mentioned in said abstract, according to exigency, and that you pay over 
 all moneys collected by you by virtue of this precept, as directed thereby, monthly, and that 
 you return this precept, together with the abstract of the aforegoing roll, and an account of 
 vour acts thereon, to me on or before the 1st day of January next ensuing the date hereof. 
 ^ CHARLES W. HOBBS. 
 
 Clerk to County Commissioners of Delaware County, loica Territory. 
 
 Sept. 5, 1842. 
 
 The closeness with Avliieh the tax of 1842 was collected is remarkable. 
 Modern tax gatherers would be glad to see the example imitated in later days. 
 
 At the general election in August, 1842, William H. Whiteside, Simeon 
 Phillips and Missouri Dickson were elected Commissioners. 
 
 In October, 1842, the carpenter work on the county building had not been 
 done. Mr. Eads had not been able to find a carpenter who would do the work 
 and take his i)ay in " county orders," which were almost worthless. Accord- 
 ingly, when the Commissioners met on the 4th of October, at the house of JNIr. 
 Pen'n, they appointed Simeon Phillips as " contractor for finishing the Court 
 House, according to a bill of particulars furnished, the same not to exceed in 
 cost sixty-five dollars, to be paid in county orders." John Hinkle was ap- 
 pointed Supervisor for that part of the territorial road from Dubuque to Camp 
 Atkinson, running through the Eads Precinct, according to the lines of said 
 ))recinct. 
 
 The first saw-mill in the county was built by Oliver A. Olmstead, on the 
 North Fork of the Maquoketa, where Rockville was afterward laid out, in the 
 Summer and Fall of 1842. 
 
 In the Spring of 1842, a new school house was built by the settlers at 
 Colony* and vicinity, and in the Summer of that year, Miss Maria Phillips 
 taught the first school in it for a term of three months. She had about fifteen 
 scholars, received $1.25 per week, and "boarded around." During the next 
 Winter, the first school at Eads' Grove, of which knowledge remains, was taught 
 by William H. Reed, who died the following Spring of consumption. 
 
 The population of Delaware County did not increase much in 1842, Very 
 few settlers came in, and but a few of those who had settled here were able to 
 enter their land. Job Benson settled in the southeast part of the county. 
 Archibald Montgomery, who came in May with his family ; Lawrence McNa- 
 mee and family, September ; John D. Klaus, August ; these settled near 
 Moreland's. 
 
 The Fall and Winter of 1842-3 was one of unusual severity. Snow fell 
 early in November and remained until late in April, and the hardships and 
 sufferings of the settlers during that terrible Winter are almost incredible. One 
 or two incidents of that time will serve to illustrate the severity of the Winter 
 and the sufferings of the settlers, as well as to give some idea of frontier customs 
 at that time. 
 
 i*^'«-^''" '^''"'"'' "'^^'''""''' "'"'''S <l>n< in tho Summer of 184.5, Mm. McCIi^land taught the Colony School, followed 
 in the WiiiHt of IXlD-l l.y William Hall ; that during Hall's term the school house was Imrned, and that the next 
 buniaier, Mrs. McClelland taught in James Cole's cabin. There appears to be a conflict of authority in relation to the 
 flrst school houses of Colony, and, since the above was in type. Judge Bailey, then County Surveyor, has furnished the 
 following from his minutes: "Sur\'eyed one acre of land for school house, described as follows : Commenced at red 
 tree, ten inches diameter, south 4C west 13 chains from quarter section post in the center of Section 4; thence 
 west 4 clLiins to mound ; thence south 2]4 chains to mound ; thence east 4 chains to mound ; thence north 2' .^ chains 
 to the place of beginning, V. 10°. April 8, 1.S42." Mr. Bailey states that at that time the school house was .standing 
 tbere.and he tliinks it must have been built a year previous, at least. In the light of this additional testimonv, the 
 presumption IB th.it this was the first house referred to by Mr. Moreland ; but that he was in error as to the d\ite of 
 miming, and that, perhaps, the house was simply finished in 1842, giving rise to the impression that it was built in 
 that vear. = = i 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 355 
 
 Soon after William Bennett had started the town of Democracy (now Quas- 
 queton) and built his mill, it is related that a stranger, who gave the name of 
 William Johnson, accompanied by a young woman whom he represented to be 
 his daughter, located at the geographical center of Buchanan County. (Johnson 
 claimed to have been the hero of the Canadian revolt, which took place in 1838, 
 and was the occasion of considerable diplomatic correspondence, and came so near 
 causing war between Great Britain and the United States.) This excited Ben- 
 nett's jealousy, who feared that Johnson would thus secure the location of the 
 seat of justice of the new county on his own claim. Meantime, Bennett had 
 gathered a few congenial spirits about him, among them Evans, who Avas a com- 
 panion of his on his first trip from Missouri northward, all of whom were under 
 his influence. Bennett and his associates went over to Johnson's, loaded up his 
 effects for him, then tied him to a tree and flogged him, the accounts differing as 
 to its severity. Johnson went to Marion, where he lodged complaint against 
 his persecutors, and the Sheriff" of Linn County rode up to Democracy to arrest 
 Bennett. The latter awaited him at his cabin door, armed with his rifle and a 
 pair of pistols. The Sheriff" modestly retired and went back to JNIarion for a 
 posse. Bennett and his associates — Evans, Jeff"ers, Day, Walls and Warner — 
 became convinced that they had better leave Democracy for awhile. 
 
 Accordingly, just after dinner, one bitter cold day, they started for Eads 
 Grove, Bennett with a horse and "jumper" (a sort of rude pung), and the 
 others on foot. Bennett came through to Coffin's Grove that night, but 
 the footmen, when they reached Buff"alo Creek, at nightfall, encamped there. 
 The cold was so intense, however, that they were in danger of freezing if they 
 remained, and they concluded to push on to Coffin's Grove, about nine miles, 
 where they would find shelter. They started, but Warner soon became 
 exhausted. His companions wrapped him in deer skins, dug a hole in the snow, 
 laid him in it, and struggled on. Evans and Jeft'ers reached Mr. Coffin's about 
 4 o'clock the next morning, some what frost-bitten. Mr. Coffin and Henry 
 Baker, started out immediately, with a team, to find the others ; found Walls, 
 wdio was but a boy, about a mile outside of the grove, badly frozen, and a little 
 further on. Day also. Returning with them to the house, Mr. Coffin remained 
 to care of them, and Mr. Baker started out again with the ox team, with two 
 feather beds on the sled, to hunt up Warner. The cold was so intense that 
 Baker became alarmed for his own safety, as he was freezing ; and being bewil- 
 dered by the driving snow, ensconced himself between the feather beds, and 
 the oxen came home. Upon his arrival without Warner, Bennet at once started 
 with his "jumper," and fortunately found Warner, who was delirious, near 
 where the party had left him, and brought him in to Mr. Coffins. He was 
 not mucli frozen, but was so thoroughly chilled that he died about a year after- 
 ward from the exposure of that awful night. Day Avas not frozen much, appar- 
 ently, but he never rallied from the eff"ects of the cold upon his system, became de- 
 lirious and died a few days afterward. Walls, as soon as he could be moved, was 
 taken to Mr. Alexander Brown's, at Eads' Grove. The flesh decayed and fell off" 
 his feet, and the bones of the ankle joints separated so that Mr. Brown severed 
 the remaining tendons and amputated them. The flesh sloughed off" above the 
 ankles and the naked bones were sawed off" by Mr. Brown, for there no was 
 surgeon in Delaware County at that time. Walls became a public charge and 
 was subsequently sent to his old home in Indiana. Bennett, very uneasy, and 
 being convinced that the Linn County Sheriff" Avas still in pursuit, soon left 
 Eads' Grove and started nortliAvard, toAvard an Indian camp on the Turkey. He 
 took a companion part way, Avhom he sent back, and made his Avay alone to the 
 
356 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 camp. When the Sheriff saw the divided trail, he sent part of his men back to 
 Eads'', and foUowiny the nortliward track with the others. Arrived at the camp, 
 he made Bennett's°ac(iuaintance, and was chatting cosily with bmi, when an 
 ac(iuaintance of Bennett's politely introduced them. The fugitive instantly 
 covered the officer with a pistol, who was again forced to retire from the pursuit. 
 The same day, one of the Sheriff's men, mistaking a young squaw for Bennett, 
 hastily shot at her, killing her instantly. Bennett was afterward arrested and 
 tried in Dubuque before Judge Wilson' but there was not sufficient evidence 
 atrainst him and he was ac([uitted. Johnson and his girl were much courted for 
 a°t ime, but it leaking out that he was an impostor, and she a girl of uncertain 
 virtue, they were quietly dropped as being undesirable acquaintances. The pair 
 then returned to Southern Iowa. A young man named Peck eloped with the 
 girl from Mahaska County, and Johnson being afterward fired at and killed, while 
 sitting in the Avindow of a house. Peck was arrested for the murder, of which it 
 is believed that he was entirely innocent. 
 
 In the Fall of 1842, Mr. Lowrey, in charge of the Winnebago Mission 
 School, in the northern part of Fayette County, advertised for proposals to 
 furnish 15,000 pounds of pork. Joel Bailey and John Keeler had hogs enough 
 to supply that amount, and Keeler went to the Mission to bid for the contract. 
 He found several other competitors there, who had hogs which they were anx- 
 ious to sell. Keeler put in a bid of |2.25 per hundred ; the others gave the 
 same figures. Keeler reduced his bid to $2.00, and started for home, discour- 
 aged. The first night, he stopped with Joseph Hewett, who lived about seven 
 miles northwest of Strawberry Point, in the edge of Fayette County. Hewett, 
 after hearing his story, told him that, unless he put in a still lower bid, he would 
 lose the contract, and proposed that if he would make a bid at $1.75, he 
 (Hewett) would carry it to the Mission himself. Keeler hardly knew what to 
 do. That was a ruinously low figure ; but he and Bailey had the hogs, and 
 hardly knew how they were to winter them, and he finally adopted Hewett's 
 suggestion, sent in the bid and came home. 
 
 About a week afterward, Mr. Babbitt, who lived on the Wapsipinicon, near 
 Marion, came down to Bailey's place, with a notice from Lowrey that Keeler's 
 bid had been accepted ; that they must file a bond and deliver the pork on 
 Christmas Day. They hesitated about filling the contract, and while discussing 
 it. Babbitt, who also had a lot of hogs he didn't know what to do with, offered 
 to give them five dollars for their contract. They concluded that if he, living 
 still further from the Mission, could afford to do that, they could afford to fill 
 the contract themselves. 
 
 Accordingly, on the 17th of December, Joel Bailey, John Keeler, James 
 Kibbee, William R. Padelford and Lucius Vandever, with three ox teams 
 (seven yokes) loaded with corn and supplies, with their drove of hogs, started 
 for the Mission. The weather was cold and the snow " knee-deep ;" but, after 
 a toilsome journey of eight days, camping every night save one, they reached 
 the Mission on the 25th, and were joyfully welcomed by the Mission people, 
 who had begun to fear that they might be forced to live Avithout meat during 
 the Winter. Immediately after their arrival, preparations were made for 
 slaughtering the hogs. This was done on the open prairie. The weather was 
 bitter cold, and it was not an easy or comfortable task for five men to kill and 
 dress twenty-five hogs a day. On the fifth day, the weather began to moderate, 
 and about noon, having finished their work and settled with Mr. Lowrey, with 
 barely provisions enough to last one day, the little party started on their return 
 to Delaware, January 1, 1843, intending to camp on the banks of the Little 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 35T 
 
 Turkey that night, and "make" Beatty's cabin, on the Volga, twenty miles, 
 the next day. They encamped at Little Turkey Crossing, as designed. Dur- 
 ing the night, a furious snow storm from the southeast commenced. The next 
 morning, however, they commenced their journey ; but the storm was so severe 
 and the snow became so deep that, about noon, they lost the track, became 
 bewildered, and finally were forced to turn back, arriving at the camping ground 
 they left in the morning about dark, cold, wet, weary and dispirited. 
 
 The storm continued during the night with unabated fury, and the next 
 morning it was still snowing as hard as ever, but our little band concluded 
 that it could not last much longer, and, hoping to reach the Volga timber 
 before night-fall, again broke camp and started. The snow was now from 
 two and one-half to four feet deep. The men were forced to wallow ahead, to 
 break a track for the oxen, and their progress was- slow and wearisome, espe- 
 cially as both men and animals had been without food for nearly twenty-four 
 hours. The weather was moderate, and their clothes were wet. About 10 
 o'clock in the forenoon, the storm ceased, and the wind, shifting suddenly to the 
 northwest, blew a heavy, biting, freezing gale, and the little party were forced 
 to face the new danger of freezing to death. A little after noon, the Volga 
 timber was discovered; but, when the sun went down, they were still miles 
 away from it. As long as they could see the timber, they kept on, but at last 
 it became so dark, that they could no longer see it, and there, on the open 
 prairie, exposed to the full fury of the bitter January blast, with the air filled 
 with fine snow, driven by the wind, without food, exhausted and freezing, the 
 little party were compelled to stop. Their largest sled was about ten feet long. 
 It had on it a box for holding corn, the length of the sled and two boards high. 
 By shoveling the snow' off of a little spot beside it, as it sat well up to the top 
 of the snow, the top of the sled box was about as high as their heads. By 
 doing this, they were partially sheltered from the piercing wind, and had a hard 
 surface on which to stamp their feet. They Avhittled up the box on another 
 sled, and endeavored to make a fire, but every match they had was used with- 
 out success ; their ammunition had become damp, their fingers were too much 
 benumbed Avith cold to use the flint and steel — they could have no fire. It was 
 a critical situation, without food, without fire, completely exhausted. It Avas 
 a wonder that they were not discouraged. Death not only stared them in the 
 face, but was feeling with icy fingers for their hearts. Their lives depended 
 upon keeping awake and moving. To remain still was to sleep, and sleep was 
 death. The poor fellows wrapped their blankets about their heads, and here 
 they stood, huddled together, stamping, yelling and talking, keeping each other 
 aw'ake. The fearful horrors of that terrible night, says Judge Bailey, from 
 whose lips this narrative is taken, "are as vividly impressed upon my memory, 
 as if they occurred but yesterday. We had to watch for each other's voices. 
 If w'e failed to hear one, we hunted about, in the dark, until we found him lean- 
 ing against the sled, and started him a-going again. It seemed as if the day 
 would never dawn. It was the longest night I ever experienced." 
 
 Daylight came, at last, and they resumed the wearisome way. About noon, 
 they reached the Volga, and obtained some water. It was still three miles to. 
 the cabin of Beatty and O'Rear. Would the exhausted party ever reach it? 
 They would try. On they staggered, famishing and freezing, and hardly car- 
 ing whether they lived or died. They struck a track about half a mile from 
 the cabin, which gave them new courage, and, at last, about dark, badly frozen, 
 famished and utterly exhausted, they reached Beatty's cabin. Here they found 
 G. D. Dillon and Mr. F. Culver on their way to the Mission and the Fort 
 
358 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 beyond, with two loads of butter, eggs and poultry, snow-bound; also a Mr. 
 Johnson. Beatty and O'Rear at once provided for the wants of Bailey and his 
 party- One of them, drawing upon Dillon's load, prepared supper, and the 
 others procured tubs filled with cold Avater, into which the frozen feet and limbs 
 of the sufferers were plunged. While they were thus drawing the frost from 
 their frozen feet, a good warm supper was served them, and they broke their 
 protracted fast of forty-eight hours. Bailey, Keeler and Vandever were so 
 badly injured, that they were compelled to remain at the hospitable cabin of 
 Beatty and O'Rear, which was near the spot where the Garden family were soon 
 afterward murdered by the Indians. As soon as they were able to be moved, 
 beds were arranged for them on the sleds, and they started for home, accom])anied 
 by Johnson. Tiie great hearted Beatty accompanied them to Maj. Mumford's, 
 near Brush Creek. It was only seven miles, but they were all day in making 
 the journey, Beatty helping to break the track. The next day, they reached 
 Joe Hewett's cabin, seven or eight miles farther, and on the evening of the 
 third day, arrived at Eads' Grove. Here they found Bennett and Judg^ Cof- 
 fin. Day, mentioned in the preceding sketch, had just died, and Mr. Coffin 
 thought that as Bennett was the prime cause of all that trouble, he should bear, 
 at least, a part of the expense. Bennett, however, was not inclined to help 
 bear the burdens he had imposed. Mr. Bailey was unable to walk for three 
 months after this aflfair. Both his feet ulcerated, and the flesh dropped ofl 
 one of his toes, and the dead naked bone was cut off by Keeler with a "dog 
 knife." Keeler was also laid up for several Aveeks. Vandever fared the 
 worst. The flesh fell off all the toes on one of his feet, and three of the 
 other, exposing the bones to their articulation with the bones of the feet. 
 There was no surgeon nearer tJi an Dubuque; and his nurse, Lucius Kibbee, 
 detached the naked bones of the toes, using an old bullet-mould for forceps. 
 After this novel surgical operation was performed, the mutilated feet finally 
 healed, but poor Vandever was a cripple for life. 
 
 Some time in the next Winter, Leroy Jackson, who had sold some hogs at 
 Camp Atkinson, went there on horseback for his pay. On the journey, his ears, 
 face and hands were severely frost-bitten. With much difficulty, he managed to 
 reach a cabin occupied by two men (probably Beatty and O'Bear, mentioned 
 ■above), who, at once, ministered to his needs, treating the frozen parts with 
 roasted turnips and onions, until he was able to return. When he reached 
 home, it is said that his features were so much swollen and discolored, that Mrs. 
 Jackson did not recognize him. 
 
 During this severe Winter, many persons were lost and frozen to death on 
 these then almost trackless prairies. One might as well be in mid-ocean in a 
 storm, without compass or rudder, as to be out of sight of timber on these prai- 
 ries in one of those fearful winter storms. All through the month of March, 
 1843, says Judge Bailey, the cold was as intense as it had been durino- the 
 entire \\ inter, and on the 1st day of April, the snow was so deep that the 
 liigliest fences were covered, and teams drive over them on the frozen surface. 
 <Jn tins day, Henry Baker started from Coffin's Grove to visit Joel Bailey, and 
 see how he was getting along. The snow was so deep, and the surface frozen 
 so liard, that he had no difficulty in making his way. 
 
 Tu '\^ ^^'e meeting of the Board of County Commissioners, in January, 1843, 
 Iheodore Marks, the County Treasurer, was ordered to obtain an account 
 book. 
 
 The Treasurer's book of 1843 contain the following entries of moneys 
 received : -^ 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 359 
 
 January 4th, G. D. Dillon, Justice of the Peace, fined Jonas Gallahan for 
 breach of the peace on Lucius Kibbee, $5,00. 
 
 January 12th, James Rutherford, Constable, fine (of) Horace Malery for 
 breach of the peace, by Wm. Montgomery, Justice of the Peace, $5.00. 
 
 January 25th, William Montgomery, Justice of the Peace, fined Missouri 
 Dickson for breach of the peace on Ezra Hubbard, $5.00. 
 
 July 20th, license to David Bierer to trade one year, (warrants), $25.00, 
 
 January 12, 1843, by act of the Legislature, Robert W. Green, Joel Bailey 
 and 0, A. Olmstead were appointed Commissioners to " locate and mark a Ter- 
 ritorial road, commencing at Bennett's Mill, in Buchanan County (Democracy, 
 since Quasqueton), by the county seat of Delaware County (Delhi), to intersect 
 the road from Marion, Linn County to Dubuque, at or near Olmstead's Mill," 
 on the North Fork of the Maquoketa, where Rockville was afterward founded. 
 
 At the time this act was passed, Mr. Bailey was suffering from the effects of 
 his exposure on the prairie near the Mission, and the Commissioners did not 
 proceed to their duties until December, 1843, Avhen they proceeded to Quas- 
 queton and located and marked the road from that point to Olmstead's. The 
 snow was several inches deep, and the party were three days on the way. Re- 
 turns Avere made to the Legislature, which, by act approved February 12, 1844, 
 declared it a Territorial road. Soon afterward, in the Spring or early Summer 
 of 1845, a mail route was established on this road from Dubuque to Quasqueton 
 and Independence, and it was, until the railroad was built, the mainly traveled 
 road from the Mississippi River to the western settlements. It is proper to add 
 that the present road across the county, from Bailey's Ford to Rockville, is 
 substantially as it was located by the Commissioners in 1843.* 
 
 By a joint resolution of the Territorial Assembly, approved February 13, 
 1843, Col, Thomas Cox was authorized to employ C, M. Doolittle, of Jackson 
 County, to furnish a full set of seals for Delaware County, 
 
 By act approved February 13, 1843, the county of Delaware was attached 
 to Dubuque County for judicial pui'poses, 
 
 April 4, 1843, the Commissioners met at the house of Simeon Phillips. 
 Buchanan County was evidently attached to Delaware for election purposes at 
 this time, and was an election precinct, for at this meeting Rufus B. Clark, Dr, 
 Brewer and Stephen Sanford were appointed Judges of- Election for Buchanan 
 Precinct for 1843, and the house of James Sanford was designated as the voting 
 place. At the same meeting, John Hinkle, Supervisor of the Territorial road 
 at Eads Precinct, was removed, and Daniel Brown appointed in his stead. 
 
 On the same day, the Commissioners ordered that Lewis Walls, a pauper 
 then in Eads Precinct, be notified to leave the county. This was the same 
 Walls who had lost both of his feet from being frozen during the previous Win- 
 ter, as stated in preceding pages. 
 
 July 3d, the Board met at the house of Simeon Phillips, and received a 
 petition for a county road from Delhi to the Colony. The road had been 
 "staked out" by the settlers in 1842, and a bridge built by them across Plum 
 Creek, but they now wanted it made a county road. The Commissioners 
 
 Ordered, That the petition for a road from Delhi to the colony be and the same is hereby 
 granted, and that Missouri Dickson, John Keeler and Chas. W. Hobbs be and they are hereby 
 ajipointed Viewers to locate the same. 
 
 The Viewers made a report of their survey, having employed Joel Bailey as 
 Surveyor, and, January 1, 1844, the Commissioners accepted their report and 
 ordered the road as surveyed " to be recorded as a public county road," 
 
 * Judge Thomas S. Wilson, in a note dated Dubuque, May 13, 1S78, says: " The County Surveyor informs me that 
 the road to Delhi was laid out in Dubuque County in the rear 1845." 
 
360 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Lewis Walls, the pauper who had been ordered to leave the county, was not in 
 condition to he moved, and the Commissioners at this July meeting ordered that 
 William Eads be i^aid eighteen dollars for keeping him three months, and that 
 Eads be employetl to board said pauper twelve weeks longer, and to purchase 
 for him two cotton shirts and two pairs of cotton drilling pantaloons. 
 
 In 184:ii, David Bierer opened the first store in the county, at the Colony, 
 where Colesburg now stands. Bierer was from Rockford, 111., and soon after 
 he came, it is "said that some members of the " Prairie Banditti," that then 
 infested the country on both sides of the Mississippi, followed and robbed him. 
 Araonf^ the gang were Charles Oliver, John F. Baker and William McDole; 
 the latter was Bierer's brother-in-law. For several years, about this time, 
 the settlers lost their best horses, which were stolen by the members of this 
 band, whose headquarters were established in Illinois. For a time, the 
 settlers attributed their losses to the Indians, and frequent messages were sent 
 to Camp Atkinson, asking that they be removed from the Turkey timber. Wil- 
 son, who was shot, about 1852, near the southeastern corner of the county, was 
 undoubtedly one of the band. Broadie, whose name was as fiimiliar as the Dris- 
 colls in Northern Illinois, stole a horse from a preacher, who followed him to 
 Missouri and recovered his property. Carter had a horse stolen, but recovered 
 the animal. 
 
 In 1843, Mr. Levcrett Rexford returned to his claim, near Bailey's, and 
 with him came his son-in-law, John Lillibridge, and his family, who still reside 
 on the old place. 
 
 There are no records of elections in Delaware until 1848, and it is not pos- 
 sible to determine all who were elected from year to year until that time. At the 
 election in August, 1843, it seems that Whiteside, Phillips and Dickson were 
 re-elected Commissioners, C. W. Hobbs, Recorder, and Leroy Jackson, Sheriff. 
 
 Tax Paiiers of ISJ^. — The assessment roll of September 1, 1843, is com- 
 plete, and furnishes a list of 112 tax payers in Delaware County, and 12 in 
 Buchanan County. The tax of Delaware was $198.35, and of Buchanan, $18.13. 
 JJdaioare County. — John Hinkle, Robt. Hutson, Wm. Eads, Thos. G. Eads, 
 Jas. Montgomery, Leonard Wiltse, Jas. Cole, Wellington Wiltse, Lawrence McNa- 
 mee, Horace R. Perce, Ezra Hubbard, David Moreland, S. L. Montgomery, D. L. 
 Sheets, David Bierer, Frederick Bierer, Drake Nelson, Aratus A. Blackman, 
 John W. ]*enn, John McMann, Jacob Landis, John Melugin, James Rutherford, 
 Missouri Dickson, Lucius Kibbee, Jr., HaAvley Lowe, Gilbert D. Dillon, William 
 Nicholson, John Corbin, Samuel Pennock, Simeon Phillips, Fayette Phillips, 
 Leroy Jackson, Joseph Ogleby, Eleazer Frentress (non-resident), James Craw- 
 ford, Theodore Marks, Orlean Blanchard, William Lawther, William Hoag, 
 William liurnham, ,Iohn Burnham, S. P. Whittaker, Joseph Rutherford, Joel 
 Bailey, John Keeler, William Padelford, John Padelford, Clement Coffin, 
 Henry Baker, Charles Ausburn (Osborn), Horace Tubbs, Charles W. Hobbs, 
 E. Scroggins, R. H. Thornburg, Samuel Kelly, James H. Eads, John A. Bell, 
 James Belcher, Oliver P. Anderson, Daniel Brown, Alexander Brown, Daniel 
 Noble, Arenso Mulican (Mulliken), Leonard Wiltse, Amasa Wiltse, Fipps 
 (Phipps) Wiltse, Edward Wiltse, Allen Fargo, Silas Gilmore, Jacob Moreland, 
 Amos Williams, Robert Torrence, John Henderson, John Flinn, Moses Dean, 
 Abraham Whiteside, John Bradley, John M. Holmes, Franklin Culver, Pris- 
 cilla Culver, Oliver A. Olmstead, William H. Post, Josiali Fugate, Drury R. 
 Dance, John Cutler, George Cutler, Hugh Rose, Arthur Laughlin, Henry A. 
 Carter, John Lovejoy, Hugh Livingston, Argus Madison, James Livingston, R. 
 Kameron, James Cavinau, Roland Aubrey, Jeiferson Lowe, Leverett Padelford, 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 361 
 
 Hiram Minkley, Henry W. Hoskins, Elizabeth A. Carter, Christian Miller, J. 
 E. Plolmes, John Stansberry, Adin Paolelford, Augustus Button, William H. 
 Whiteside. 
 
 "■ Buckhannan" [Buchanan) County. — John Cordell, Allen Me Vain, 
 Joseph A. Runnels, David Stiles, William Wilford, Rufus B. Clark, William 
 Bennett, Hugh Warren, Ezra G. Allen, James Cober, Stephen Sanford, M. 
 McVain. 
 
 October 2, the Commissioners ordered that James Miller, a pauper, be noti- 
 fied to leave the county at once. 
 
 Jacob Landis, Sr,, built and operated a saw-mill on a branch of the Little 
 Turkey, about two and a half miles southeast of Moreland's, in 1843. 
 
 Charles W. Hobbs commenced building a cabin near the southwest corner of 
 the plat of Delhi, but not on it, in the Fall of 1843 ; but did not complete and 
 occupy it until the next Spring. 
 
 January 1, 1844, the County Commissioners met, at the house of Simeon 
 Phillips, and 
 
 Ordered, That the returns made of the survey of the Colony road from Delhi be and the 
 same is hereby accepted, and ordered to be recorded as a public county road. 
 
 The Court House was not yet finished, and was the only building on the plat 
 of Delhi. Previous orders had not been accomplished, and January 2d the 
 Board passed an order authorizing William H. Whiteside to "contract for the 
 finishing of the Court House." 
 
 Chapter 87 of the Territorial Laws of 1844, approved February 8, 1844, 
 provided that "the county of Delaware be and the same is hereby organized; 
 and the inhabitants of said county are entitled to all the rights and privileges to 
 which, by law, the inhabitants of other organized counties in the Territory are 
 entitled ; and said county shall be a part of the Third Judicial District, and the 
 District Court shall be held at Delhi, the county seat of said county, on the first 
 Monday after the fourth Monday in September, in each year." By this act, 
 Buchanan and Black Hawk Counties were attached to Delaware. 
 
 Soon after the passage of this act, Charles W. Hobbs was appointed Clerk, 
 ■pro tern, of the United States District Court for the County of Delaware, by 
 Judge T. S. W^ilson. 
 
 The Dubuque, Clayton, Delaware and Jackson Mutual Fire Insurance Com- 
 pany was incorporated February 5, 1844 — John Garamell, E. G. Potter, Ansel 
 Briggs, Patrick Maloney, Thomas Wright, R. B. Wykoif, James McCabe, 
 Thomas McCraney, James Langworthy, William Myers, Lyman Dillon, J. M. 
 Emerson, Caleb H. Booth, Robert Waller and David Moreland, corporators. 
 
 February 13, 1844, the Legislature appointed William H. Whiteside, Joel 
 Bailey and Lucius Kibbee to locate a road from Delhi to Cascade, Dubuque 
 County. 
 
 April 1, 1844, Commissioners met at the house of Simeon Phillips, and pro- 
 vided for election precincts, as follows : 
 
 Ordered, That the election precinct formerly known as the " Corbin Precinct" (formerly 
 Schwartz), be and the same is hereby divided into two election precincts, one of which shall be 
 called the Delhi Precinct, and the other the North Fork Precinct. 
 
 Ordered, That the North Fork Precinct shall be bounded on the north by the road leading 
 from Dubuque to Camp Atkinson, commencing at the county line between Dubuque and Dela- 
 ware, running west until it intersects the Colony road, from Delhi ; thence south, to Plumb 
 Creek ; thence down Plumb Creek until its junction with the South Fork ; thence down South 
 Fork' to Jones County line; thence east, along the corner of Delaware County.; thence north, 
 along the county line between Delaware and Dubuque, to the place of beginning. 
 
 Ordered, That the Colony Precinct be bounded as follows: Commencing where the Colony 
 road from Delhi crosses the Camp Atkinson road, running east, along the Camp Atkinson road, 
 
3g2 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 fn the Dubuoue County line ; north, on the Dubuque line, to the northeast corner of Delaware ; 
 thenJe weralong tL^ounty line, to Elk Creek; thence south, up Elk Creek, to the place of 
 
 ^^^^^TinlfreJ That the Eatls Precinct be bounded as follows : Commencing where the Colony 
 road "leadine from Delhi, crosses the Camp Atkinson road ; thence north, down Elk Creek, to 
 Delaware County line ; thence west, to the northwest corner of the county ; thence south, along 
 the county line "to the township line between 88 and 89 ; thence east, to Plumb Creek ; thence 
 up Plumb Creek, to the Colony road ; thence north, along the Colony road, to the place of begin- 
 
 ning. 
 
 Ordered That the Delhi Precinct shall be bounded as follows : Commencing on the town- 
 Bhin line between 88 and 8'J on Plumb Creek ; thence south down Plumb Creek to its junction 
 with the South Fork ; thence down the South Fork to the southern boundary of Delaware Coun- 
 ty • thence we«t along said line to the southwest corner of Delaware County ; thence north along 
 said line between Delaware and Buchanan to the township line dividing 88 and 89 north ; thence 
 east to the place of beginning. 
 
 Judi'-es of Election and voting })laces were appointed as follows : North 
 Fork Precinct, Abraham Whiteside, Henry A. Carter and Henry Hoskins, 
 Judges ; voting place, house of G. D. Dillon. Colony Precinct, William 
 Montgomerv, Missoviri Dickson and Ezra Hubbard, Judges; voting place, 
 house°of David Moreland. Eads Precinct, William Eads, Daniel Brown and 
 Robert B. Hutson, Judges ; voting place, house of William Eads. Delhi Pre- 
 cinct, Clement Coffin, John Keeler and William Burnham, Judges ; voting 
 place, the Court House. Horace R. Pearce was appointed Constable for Colony 
 Precinct, and William Eads for Eads Precinct. 
 
 April 2, Precinct Assessors were appointed as follows : Silas Gilmore, 
 Colony ; Lorenzo Mulliken, Eads' Grove ; John Corbin, Delhi ; Henry A. 
 Carter, North Fork. 
 
 At this session, the following order was passed, relating to the Territorial road 
 located by Green, Bailey and Olmstead, viz. : 
 
 Ordered, That the returns made by the Commissioners and Surveyor to locate a Territorial 
 road from AVapsepinacon or Bennett's Mill to the east line of Delaware County, near 0. A. Olm- 
 stead's mill, be accepted by the Board, and the same shall be considered and deemed as a 
 recorded public highway. 
 
 The first Post Office in Delaware County was established at Delhi, March 
 14th, 1844. Mr. Hobbs, having been appointed Clerk of the United States 
 Territorial Court, was not eligible for Post Master. His wife, Mrs. Mary 
 E. A. Hobbs, was appointed Post Mistress, and Joel Bailey and Henry 
 Baker became her bondsmen. William Smith, or " Uncle Billy," as he was 
 familiarly called by the settlers, the same who located the county seat near Eads* 
 Grove, was the first mail carrier, and carried the mail once a week between 
 Dubuque and Delhi, sometimes on horseback, sometimes on foot. The next 
 vear, the route was continued to Quasqueton, Buchanan County, where a Post 
 Office was established. The office was kept at Penn's Grove, until Mr. Hobbs 
 removed to his cabin at Delhi. 
 
 July 2, 1844, the County Commissioners met for the first time in the Court 
 House. The floors were laid, but the roof was not yet put on. The Legisla- 
 ture had appointed a term of the U. S. District Court to be held at Delhi in 
 Sei)tember following. The completion of the building could not be delayed 
 much longer, and William H. Whiteside was authorized and directed to "have 
 the Court House finished on the best terms he could get." It was ordered also 
 that " the bounty on wolves for 1844 be equal with and the same as other 
 counties, and as established by law." 
 
 At the election in August, 1844, the following officers are supposed to have 
 been elected, viz.: Henry A. Carter, Lawrence McNamee and Simeon Phillips, 
 Commissioners; Charles W. Hobbs, Recorder; John W. Penn, Sheriff; Drury 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. SGS 
 
 R. Dance, Treasurer. Roland Aubrey became Deputy Sheriff, and so re- 
 mained as long as Penn held the office of Sheriff. 
 August 31, the following order was passed : 
 
 Ordered, That the road, as returned by 0. A. Olmstead and Leroy Jackson as a Territorial 
 road, commencing at the Linn County line and running to 0. A. Olmstead's mill, according to 
 a plat and return of said road as filed, be and the same is hereby i-ecorded as a public road. 
 
 Delaware had now reached an important epoch in her history. As previ- 
 ously shown, the county had been made a part of the Third Judicial District, 
 and, for the first time, a Judicial Court was held, as appears from the following 
 extract from the first page of the court record : 
 
 Territory of Iowa, County of Delaware, ss. 
 
 This being the day fixed by law, to wit, 30th of September, 1844, for the session of the 
 District Court of the United States for said county, the court met. Present, Hon. Thomas S. 
 Wilson, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court and presiding Judge of the Third Judicial 
 District ; AVilliam E. Leffingwell, United States Marshal ; John W. Penn, Sheriff, and Charles 
 W. Hobbs, Clerk pro tern. 
 
 By order of the court, the Sheriff returned into court the venire for a Grand Jury, issued 
 in behalf of said county, the following persons summoned and in attendance, viz. : Gilbert D. 
 Dillon, Henry Baker, John Stansberry, Samuel Dickson, Oliver P. Anderson. Edward Flinn, John 
 Bradley, Daniel Noble, John Keeler, Fayette Phillips, Allen Wilson, Hiram Minkley, Adin 
 Padelford, David Moreland, Daniel G. Beck, Morris M. Reed, Joel Bailey, Drake Nelson, Ezra 
 Hubbard and Liberty W. Coale 
 
 The Jurors were sworn, and the Judge appointed David Moreland, Foreman. 
 
 It was ordered that Charles W. Hobbs be appointed Clerk of the court. 
 
 The first case that appears of record was that of Missouri Dickson vs. Ezra 
 Hubbard. This was an appeal from the decision of Daniel Brown, Justice of 
 the Peace, and was continued until the next term. But- one other case was 
 entered at this term, that of Bierer vs. Wiltse, which was also continued. 
 
 The upper story of the Court House was designed for a jury room, but the 
 only means of reaching it was by a ladder, and, as there was only a single floor 
 of boards, it was quite too public for the private deliberations of a jury. 
 Accordingly, after the Grand Jury had been duly charged by " his Honor," 
 Judge Wilson, the members were conducted by U. S. Marshal Leffingwell to a 
 little grove thirty or forty rods southwest of the court house. Here, seated on 
 a fallen tree, with the Foreman occupying the chair — a stump — the first Grand 
 Jury of Delaware County held its first session ; and it is proper to remark that, 
 until the new Court House was built, in 1853, the juries generally deliberated in 
 that or some other clump of timber near the log court cabin, the officer in 
 charge remaining at a respectful distance to prevent any intrusion on their 
 privacy. There were no cases presented to the Grand Jury, and they soon 
 returned to the house, so reported, and were discharged. There was no petit 
 jury called, and the court atljourned on the evening of the 30tli, having been in 
 session but a single day. 
 
 The name of James Crawford appears of record as an attorney at this time, 
 and he was, probably, the only lawyer present. 
 
 At this time, says Judge Wilson, " The log Court House was the only build- 
 ing in Delhi. Mr. Hobbs, the Clerk, had a little cabin in which he was living, 
 west of the Court House. The road had not been opened to Delhi from Rock- 
 ville, and I was obliged to go by way of the military road and up to Hopkinton, 
 where I stayed over night with Mr. Jackson. The next day I went to Delhi 
 and held court, and took my dinner out of Mr. Moreland's wagon." 
 
 In 1844, W^illiam Bennett returned again to Eads' Grove and built a small 
 flouring or grist-mill, the first in the county, on Honey Creek, near his original 
 location, Clement Coffin doing the work. It was a substantial frame, but was 
 
364 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 a primitive affair. At first, it had no "bolt," but was furnished with a sort of 
 sifter or seive, which they called a "searcher," but it manufactured good corn 
 and unbolted wheat meal. Bennett soon afterward sold the mill to Hinkle, and 
 removed, never to return. 
 
 October 7, the County Commissioners passed an order to pay Thomas Denson 
 thirtv-six dollars," out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated," 
 for services in locating the old county seat in 1840. 
 
 The efforts of the Commissioner to obtain money with which to enter the 
 quarter section on which the county seat was located in 1841 had thus far 
 proved unavailing. The arrangement contemplated with Mr. Sanford by the 
 order of April 5, 1842, does not appear to have been consummated, and 
 although the town of Delhi had been platted, no lots could be sold, and the town 
 existed only on paper. It became necessary that efforts to raise the money 
 should be renewed, and on the 8th of October, 1844, the Commissioners passed 
 the following order : 
 
 Ordered, That Ileiiry A. Carter be and he is hereby authorized and empowered to borrow 
 money to enter the county seat or one eighty, if he cannot get more, and he is authorized to pay 
 ■Jo per cent, for the loan of the same. 
 
 On the same day, an order was passed directing the payment of sixteen dol- 
 lars to John W. Penn for summoning the grand and petit juries for the District 
 Court, September term, 1844. Buchanan County being a province of Delaware, 
 the following order appears of record at this date : 
 
 Ordered, That tlie returns of the survey of the Territorial roads running from the Cedar Rapids 
 in Linn County to the Wapsipinicon Rapids in Buchanan County, as it runs through Buchanan 
 County, be and the same is hereby accepted and recorded as a public road as per report. 
 
 The first Methodist camp meeting in Delaware County, of which record 
 remains, was held at the Colony during 1844, but only the general fact remains, 
 the details are lost. 
 
 The county marriage register was commenced in 1844, and the first marriage 
 in this year is recorded as follows : 
 
 Territory of Iowa, Delaware County, ss. 
 
 I, G. D. Dillon, one of the Justices of the Peace for said county, do hereby certify that on 
 the 24th day of April, 1844, I did join in marriage, .Joel Bailey and Miss Arabella Coffin, agree- 
 ably to a license issued from the District Court of Delaware County. The said Joel Bailey aged 
 about 30 years, and said Arabella Coffin, of the same place, aged about 18 years. 
 
 Given under my hand, this 25th day of June, 1844. G. D. Dillon, J. P. 
 
 The bride was the daughter of Clement Coffin, the first settler in what is now 
 Coffin's Grove Township. The second marriage in this year, but the first to be 
 recorded, was that of Oilman Newton, of Jones County, and Eliza Wright, Octo- 
 ber 28, by John Stanberry, J. P., and November 24, Thomas D. Hall and Ex- 
 perience F. Warren were joined in wedlock by J. W. Griffith, Justice. 
 
 " The first school," writes John Piatt, Esq., of Colesburg, " established 
 111 what in early times was known as the Dickson settlement, was taught by 
 Abby Hall in 1844, in a small log smoke house, on her brother Thomas' farm. 
 The same year, the fiirmers built a hewed log school house on the farm of 
 John Piatt, Sr. A select school was taught in the new house the following sea- 
 son — 1845 — by John Humphrey. Both were select or private schools. Public 
 schools were unknown then in this section. The first Justices of the Peace 
 elected in this (Colony) township were Lawrence McNamee and John Piatt, Sr., 
 in 1844." William Montgomery was elected Justice of the Peace at the second 
 election in Colony precinct, in August, 1842. 
 
 In the Winter of 1844-5, Hugh and James Livingston made a trip to Cas- 
 cade to mill. The brothers separated on their way home in the night, and the 
 
DELH 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 367 
 
 next day James was found dead and frozen. His breast was bare and it was 
 supposed that he died of heart disease. 
 
 January 5, 1845, the Commissioners met at tlie house of C. W. Hobbs. 
 There was no fire-place in the Court Cabin, and it was cold weather. At this 
 meeting, it was 
 
 Ordered, That Joel Bailey shall proceed, with David Moreland, Missouri Dickson and Wel- 
 lington Wiltse, to survey a public road, as viewed by them according to an order passed .July 5, 
 1842, running from the Dubuque road, near Mr. Floid's, to the White Oak Grove, from thence to 
 pass the school house and intersect the road running from Prairie du Chien to the county line of 
 Delaware, and that said Commissioners make due return of the same. 
 
 In February, 1845, probably about the 22d, Mr. Drury R. Dance, the County 
 Treasurer, who lived in the timber, about midway between Delhi and the Liv- 
 ingston settlements, went out into the woods to see to his hogs. The Winter 
 was mild and open ; there was but little snoAv on the ground, and the hogs sub- 
 sisted largely upon " mast " (acorns). He did not return home that night, and 
 the next morning his wife, becoming anxious, fearing that some accident had 
 befallen him, alarmed the neighboring settlers, Avho turned out in search of him, 
 and he was found dead, having been shot, some distance from his house. His 
 body was first discovered guarded by his faithful dog, it is said, by Jefi'erson 
 Lowe, who was immediately charged with the murder, arrested and taken 
 before Leverett Rexford, Justice of the Peace, near Bailey's Ford, on the 24th, 
 for preliminary examination. Justice Rexford committed him to await trial for 
 murder, but, as there was no jail in Delaware, the prisoner was lodged in the 
 jail at Dubuque. 
 
 March 8, 1845, the Board of Commissioners met at the house of Charles 
 W. Hobbs, and appointed Joel Bailey, County Treasurer, to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the death of D. R. Dance. On the same day, "John W. Penn, 
 County Sherifi", was authorized and empowered to borrow money for the use of 
 the county, to defray the expense of boarding Jefi'erson Lowe, now confined in 
 Dubuque County Jail." 
 
 The second term of court was a special term, commencing April 1, 1845, 
 Judge Wilson presiding. The Grand Jury was as follows : Leroy Jackson, 
 Foreman ; James Eads, Robert B. Hutson, William H. Martin, Lucius Kibbee, 
 Jr., Phipps Wiltse, Malcom McBane, Lawrence McNamee, Missouri Dickson, 
 Robert (ramble, Daniel Brown, Moses Dean, William Phillips, Silas Gilmore, 
 James Cavanaugh, Henry W. Hoskins, John Hinkle. 
 
 FIRST CIVIL CASE. 
 
 The case of Missouri Dickson vs. Ezra Hubbard, continued from first term, 
 was tried by the first petit jury impaneled in Delaware County, consisting of 
 John Flinn, 0. A. Olmstead, John Padelford, Eli Wood, Orlean Blanchard, S. 
 V. Thompson, Levi Billings, Jacob Dubois, James Collier, Samuel P. Whitaker, 
 John Corbin and John Clark. 
 
 The case as tried before Brown, Justice of the Peace, appears to have been 
 a suit commenced by Hubbard, to recover pay for building a chimriey. Hub- 
 bard was employed by Dickson to build a cabin, and in erecting the chimney 
 did not follow the design as agreed upon. Upon occupying the premises, Dick- 
 son discovered that the chimney "drew " the wrong way — that it " smoked." 
 He informed Hubbard, ^ho tinkered it, but still it "smoked." Hubbard 
 wanted his pay, but Dickson declined to liquidate, whereupon Hubbard brought 
 suit before Brown and recovered judgment, from which Missouri appealed. The 
 appeal was tried before the jury above named. Hubbard appeared by Timotliv 
 
368 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Davis, Attorney. Dickson was without an attorney, but, on the suggestion of 
 Mr. Hobbs, retained Gen. Wilson. 
 
 Davis made a long speech, in which he instructed the jury fully in the method 
 of buildino- chimneys and the various remedies to be employed in cases of defect- 
 ive construction. Gen. Wilson's speech was not more than fifteen minutes, and 
 was devoted mainly to the essence of the contract ; he urged that if Hubbard 
 had built a faulty chimney, and that if he could not set it drawing right, he had 
 not fullv performed his part of the bargain, which was to build a reliable chim- 
 nev for Dickson. The case was given to the jury, who, in a short time returned 
 with a verdict of $5.33 for plaintiff. This was the first jury trial and first ver- 
 dict in the Delaware County courts. 
 
 FIRST CRIMINAL TRIAL. 
 
 April 2, the Grand Jury returned a true bill of indictment, United States 
 v8. Jefferson Lowe, for the murder of Drury R. Dance. On the 3d, a jury, 
 consisting of John Flinn, James Collier, John Cordell, Leonard Wiltse, Sr., 
 James Montgomery, S. Y. Thompson, Levi Billings, Jacob Dubois, S. P. Whit- 
 aker, Wellington Wiltse, Orlean Blanchard and S. A. Hardin, was impaneled. 
 
 Lowe was put upon his trial ; Gen. James Wilson was his attorney. James 
 Crawford, Public Prosecutor, and Timothy Davis conducted the prosecution. 
 The defense is said to have been that Lowe's sister, a girl of about fourteen, who 
 was keeping house for him and his brother, had informed her brother that Dance 
 had seduced her, and that if Lowe had killed him it was justifiable homicide. 
 Public opinion wos strongly in Lowe's favor. After the hearing, the jury 
 brought in a verdict of not guilty, and he was generally congratulated on his 
 acquittal. 
 
 Public opinion, however, changed somewhat when, after the trial, Lowe con- 
 fessed to Mr. Carter, Mr. Jackson and others, that armed with his rifle and 
 concealed behind a tree, he laid in wait for Mr. Dance, and, as he approached 
 with his arms full of little pigs, unconscious of danger, shot and mortally wounded 
 him. Lowe stepped up and spoke to him, Avhen the dying man said, " For 
 God's sake, take me to the house; don't leave me here to die alone." But 
 Jeff, unheeding his piteous appeal, left him to die where he fell. 
 
 This was the first indictment and trial for murder or any other crime in the 
 courts of Delaware County. 
 
 FIRST DIVORCE CASE. 
 
 At this term the first petition for divorce was filed and tried. This was the 
 case of Eliza Corbin vs. John Corbin. Timothy Davis appeared for plaintiff 
 and Gen. Wilson for defendant. Divorce decreed, with fifty dollars alimony, 
 one dollar per week for support, and custody of minor children, John W. and 
 Esther Eliza Corbin, to plaintiff. It is proper to add that the parties to this 
 suit amicably arranged their difficulties, and were re-married April 4, 1846. 
 The other cases entered at this term Avere Dickson vs. Brown and Moreland vs. 
 Slack. The court adjourned April 4, 184<5. 
 
 The attorneys in attendance at this term, so far as can be ascertained, were 
 James Crawford, James Wilson, Timothy Davis and William Hamilton. The 
 members of the Delaware Bar were not numerous for several years. Among 
 those whose names appear at subsequent term were A. K. Eaton, probably the 
 first lawyer to settle at Delhi, in 1846; Zina A. Wellman, George Wattson and 
 John V. Wattson. John V. Wattson died at Dyersville about 1873. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 369 
 
 April 7, the Board of County Commissioners met at the Court House. The 
 report of the Commissioners, appointed January 5, to locate a road from the 
 Dubuque road, near Mr. Floid's, to White Oak Grove, etc., was accepted and 
 ordered to be recorded as a public highway. Joel Bailey, having declined to 
 accept the office of Treasurer, the order of March 8 was rescinded and Oliver 
 A. Olmstead appointed County Treasurer. Not long after this, it is said that 
 Mr. Olmstead removed to Oregon Territory, where he was living when gold was 
 discovered in California, whither he went at once and soon acquired a fortune. 
 
 At the April session, the following orders were passed : 
 
 Ordered, That the west line of the North Fork Precinct shall cross the South Fork of the 
 Maquoketa at the mouth of Plumb Creek, to intersect the mouth of Buck Creek, and run from 
 thence a west course up Buck Creek to the Delaware County line. 
 
 Ordered, That the election for the North Fork Precinct shall hereafter be held at the house 
 of Lucius Kibbee, instead of at G. D. Dillon's. 
 
 Ordered, That the north line of the Delhi Precinct shall commence at stake corner to Sec- 
 tions 18 and 19, in Township 89 north and Range 6 west, thence east through the center of said 
 township to Plumb Creek. 
 
 May 23, 0. A. Olmstead, the Treasurer, was instructed to proceed, by law, 
 to collect a fine of five dollars each from G. D. Dillon, North Fork ; Amos 
 Williams, Colony, and Daniel Thornburg, Eads' Grove, for neglecting to qualify 
 as Precinct Assessors. 
 
 An order was passed, directing the payment of $80 to Simeon Phillips for 
 work done on the Court House. 
 
 July 7, Clement Coffin, Henry Baker and Aaron Sullivan were appointed 
 to view and mark a road "from Joel Bailey's to Baker & Coffin's Grove, thence 
 westerly to intersect the Territorial road from Buchanan to Delhi," and Joel 
 Bailey was appointed Surveyor to "survey the above road." 
 
 A petition was received for a public road from "Eads' Grove to Hail's Mill, 
 to be run on the nearest and best route to the house of James Montgomery, 
 thence on the open line between James Montgomery's fiirm and McMuUen's ; 
 east en Bailey's line, north of the new burying ground, thence on the nearest 
 and best route to the county line, near Hail's Mills." Daniel Brown, Archibald 
 Montgomery and Samuel Dickson were appointed to view the route, at the 
 expense of the petitioners. 
 
 Jefi"erson Lowe, whose trial for the murder of Dance has been mentioned, 
 soon afterward had a quarrel with one Gaines, originating in whisky. Gaines 
 shot at Lowe with a rifle, injuring his little finger and grazing his hip. Lowe 
 made complaint before the Grand Jury, which failed to find a bill aoainst 
 Gaines. Shooting at each other Avith rifles was an innocent pastime amono- 
 some of the settlers in those days. 
 
 At the August election that year, as appears from subsequent records, 
 Henry A. Carter, Lawrence McNamee and Henry Baker were elected Commis- 
 sioners ; Charles W. Hobbs, Recorder ; John W. Penn, Sheriff", and Joel Bailey, 
 Treasurer. 
 
 The assessment roll made in September, 1845, shows a greater increase of 
 tax than of tax payers. The county tax assessed was $743.79; Territorial 
 tax, $33.79. There were 46 tax payers in North Fork Precinct, 26 in Delhi, 
 51 in Colony, 26 in Eads — aggregating 179 in Delaware, and there were 21 in 
 Buchanan. 
 
 Self Protection. — Early in the history of these pioneer settlements, 
 before the lands were in the market, but after they had been surveyed, the set- 
 tlers organized a Claim Society, for the purpose of protecting their rights and 
 preventing claim "jumping." It is now impossible to determine the date of the 
 
•jyO HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 time, and ot very . , ,, , t 5 t> -i u ^1 .^1 
 
 about 1850. "While it existed, remarks Judge Bailey, "the settlers were 
 perfectlv secure and a just claim was as good as a deed to the occupant." In 
 illu^trat'ion of the mission of this society, it is related that, in 1845, a black- 
 smith, named James Cavanaugh, living near Dillon's, becoming offended with 
 Mr. H. A. Carter, entered forty acres of fine timber on Carter's claim. As 
 soon asthe feet became known, the settlers were notified to assemble at Dillon's, 
 to persuade Cavanaugh to relinquish the land to Carter and receive his money 
 back. They met in respectable numbers and started for Cavanaugh's shop. The 
 plucky blacksmith saw them coming, armed himself with a pistol, stepped to 
 tlie door and coolly informed the society that if they advanced any farther some- 
 body would be likely to die. They stopped and parleyed with him, but he 
 refused to comply with their wishes and refused the offer of $100, if he would 
 vacate his entry or transfer it to Carter. The members were then secretly 
 notified to meet on the disputed land on a certain day, prepared for duty. On 
 the day appointed, nearly every member reported with team and wagon, axe 
 and rifle. The lines of the doomed " forty" were " blazed " with tolerable accu- 
 racy, pickets, armed with rifles, were stationed all around the lot, to prevent 
 any person from approaching, and the work of destruction commenced. Every 
 tree, suitable for timber or rails, was felled and hauled away, and every tree 
 that was left standing was girdled. The job was thoroughly performed. At 
 noon a sumptuous dinner was prepared by the families of Mr. Carter and Mr. 
 Jackson, assisted by the wives of the settlers who had accompanied them. Sub- 
 se(iuently, one of the members of the society (Jefferson Lowe, it is said) 
 traitorously divulged the names of those who were engaged in the transaction 
 to Cavanaiigh, who prosecuted the parties for destroying his timber. He took a 
 change of venue to Clayton County and finally obtained judgment for |100, 
 double the cost of the land and the least the jury could award him. 
 
 During 1845, there were some accessions to the population of Delaware. 
 The Turners, father and son, were the first to settle in Township 90 north. 
 Range 6 west (Richland). The son's name was William. They settled on the 
 East bank of the Ma([uoketa, where Forestville now stands, and where they 
 afterward built a mill. 
 
 John H. Duthman located in Township 89, Range 3 (Bremen), where he 
 died soon after, his estate being the first to be admitted to probate in this 
 county. 
 
 George Pease, with his family, consisting of his wife and two sons and two 
 daughters, came to the county in June and entered a quarter section of land 
 near Delhi, but lived near Bailey's Ford. In August, Mrs. Pease sickened and 
 died. She was buried close beside the road about half a mile east of Bailey's 
 Ford, where now (1878) her solitary grave is surrounded by a fence, but no 
 stone registers the name of the peaceful sleeper beneath the evergreens. Soon 
 after his wife's death, Mr. Pease became discouraged and returned to " York 
 State." 
 
 About this time, William Van Order became the first settler on Township 
 89, Range 4 (Oneida), but his precise location cannot now be determined. His 
 
 brother-in-laAv, Wilson, lived with him. Wilson was a desperate character 
 
 and, it is supposed, was a member of the gang of prairie banditti, that were 
 then the terror of the people of Illinois and Iowa. He was a small man and 
 was sick with consumption, but possessed great energy and endurance. At 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 371 
 
 one time, it is said that he was sick several weeks at Mr. Sullivan's, at Coffin's 
 Grove. When he recovered, to express his gratitude for the care he had re- 
 ceived, he stole Mrs. Sullivan's stockings and various other articles from his 
 benefactor. Subsequently, Van Order removed SouthAvest and settled near the 
 Buffalo, and Wilson was shot by a party of settlers from whom he had stolen 
 some horses, and was buried where he fell, it is said in Adams Township, east of 
 the Buffalo. 
 
 At the September term of the District Court, at Delhi, in 18-45, Esau 
 Franks was indicted for selling liquor to the Indians, and was arrested and 
 arraigned for the offense, but asked for a change of venue to Dubuque County, 
 Avhich was granted. Franks had his trial and was acquitted. One witness 
 testified that he had drank some whisky at Frank's, and saw the defendant 
 furnish the Indians with something, but could not identify it as "something" 
 coming from the same bottle out of which he had drank. It is said that the 
 Indians were somewhat troublesome for several years about this time, and if Franks 
 was guilty, as alleged, he should have been severely punished. The Garden family 
 had been murdered, near Avhere Fayette, Fayette County, now stands. Several 
 families had been killed or driven from their claims in Clayton County, and it 
 is said that some cattle were killed in the northern part of Delaware. It is also 
 said that the people of that part of the county organized at Ead's Grove, under 
 Capt. Shipton and Lieut. Preston, pursued the Indians, and badly punished 
 them near the northwest corner of the county. But this statement is not well 
 authenticated. The Indians, however, were still numerous. Mr. Jackson states 
 that when he first came to the county, in 1886-7, 400 Indians were encamped 
 near where he afterAvard settled. 
 
 The marriages in 1815 were as follows: Thomas C. Linton an<l Hester 
 Almira Phillips; Nathan Springer and Mary Cupp; Alexander Burnham and 
 Phebe Sutton ; David S. Way and Emily Ann Kibbee ; Sylvester D. Hadden 
 and Elizabeth Jewell (married in the bushes, says the Justice, who states that 
 the parties Avere from Buchanan); Thomas Bay and Priscilla Culver. It may 
 be Avell to add that the first marriage in Buchanan County, recorded in Dela- 
 ware, Avas that of Vincent Thompson and Alvira J. Hadden, united by Rev. 
 John L. Seymour, a Congregational minister from Clayton County. 
 
 The toAvn of Rockville, embracing 46.32 acres, situated on the Avest bank of 
 the North Fork of the Maquoketa, in the center of Section 24, Township 88 
 north. Range 3 west, was laid out in 1845, by Oliver A. Olmstead, proprietor ; 
 survey and plat made by William Chadwell ; recorded February 14, 1846. 
 
 More than four years had now (1846) elapsed since the county seat Avas 
 located by a vote of the people. The repeated efforts of the Commissioners to 
 raise the money required for the purchase of the land ($200) had failed. Mr. 
 Carter had made an effort to borroAV money or sell county warrants for the pur- 
 pose, but Avas unsuccessful. Not a toAvn lot could be sold until the county 
 could ac({uire title, and not a building stood upon the toAvn plat, except the log 
 Court Cabin. When Mr. Carter made his report to the Commissioners, it became 
 evident that Delaware County was unable to raise $200 Avith Avhich to enter its 
 county seat. The situation was becoming somcAvhat humiliating, and Lawrence 
 McNamee, one of the Commissioners, offered to advance $100 to the county if 
 any other person could be found who would adA^ance the other $100 required to 
 make the entry ; and on the 6th day of January, 1846, the County Commis- 
 sioners passed the following : 
 
 Ordered, That Lawrence McNamee be authorized to enter the county seat of Delhi, at twenty 
 per cent, interest. 
 
372 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Afterward, Leroy Jackson consented to advance the other $100, which Mr. 
 Carter carried to the Colony and handed to Mr. McNamee, who added another 
 $100. went to Dubuque, and on the 5th day of March, 1846, entered the east 
 half of the quarter section in his own, and the west half in the name of Leroy 
 Jackson. McNamee conveyed the east half to the county of Delaware by war- 
 rantv deed, dated April 8, 1846. Jackson conveyed the west half October 2, 
 1840. The town plat was recorded March 11, 1846, and the Commissioners 
 were ready to dispose of lots. It is to be added that, several years afterward, 
 countv orders were sold at fifty cents on the dollar, to raise money to pay the 
 loans made by McNamee and Jackson. 
 
 March 17, 1846, in session at the house of C. W. Hobbs, the County Com- 
 missioners ordered as follows: 
 
 Ordered, That the Clerk of this Board be and he is hereby directed to advertise in the 
 Miners' Rrprex.s for ;i sale of lots in the town of Delhi, to take place at the Court House door on 
 the first Monday of May next. 
 
 Ordered, That Charles W. Hobbs be and he is hereby authorized as an agent to sell lots at 
 private sale in the town of Delhi, and he is limited not to sell any lot for a less price than five 
 dollars. 
 
 April 13, Joel Bailey was appointed surveyor to " lay off the out-lots in the 
 town of Delhi into two-acre lots;" and Gilbert D. Dillon was appointed 
 auctioneer, for the sale of town lots, appointed for the first Monday in May. 
 A bounty was offered for wolf scalps, of 50c and $1. On the same day, the 
 Commissioners adopted measures for keeping highways in order, and appointed 
 Samuel P. Whittaker, Wm. Nicholson, Roland Aubrey, Joel Bailey, Missouri 
 Dickson, Silas Gilmore and Wm. Eads to be Road Supervisors for their several 
 neighborhoods. 
 
 There are no records to show the result of the sale of lots in Delhi in May, 
 but early in the Spring of 1846, Levi Ellis built the first log cabin on the plat 
 of Delhi, northeast from Hobbs, on the bank of the ravine. John W. Clark soon 
 followed, building a cabin near the Big Spring. This was the only hotel in 
 Delhi until about 1851, and in a sort of lean-to erected on one side of his cabin, 
 Clark opened the first store a year or two later. Arial K. Eaton built a cabin 
 on the southwest corner of the town, near Hobbs', and Mr. Phillips built 
 another above Clark's. These cabins constituted the Town of Delhi for several 
 years. 
 
 Ill June, 1846, a post office was established at Rockville, and Oliver A. 
 Olmstead appointed Postmaster. In August following, a post office was estab- 
 lished at Colony, David Moreland, Postmaster. These were the first to be 
 established after Delhi. 
 
 At the August election, Henry A. Carter, Henry Baker and Samuel Mul- 
 liken were elected Commissioners; John W. Penn, Sheriff; Joel Bailey, Treas- 
 urer ;• C. VV. Hobbs, Recorder; and at the October session of the County Com- 
 missioners, John W. Clark appears as Clerk ; October 6, A. K. Eaton was 
 appointed as agent " to select two town lots in Delhi for a school house site, 
 upon the condition that he is not to select any lot on the public square or the 
 lot on which the Court House stands; " and the Commissioners pledged them- 
 selves to make a deed of such lots to any legally constituted authority for school 
 purposes. 
 
 At tlie same meeting, the following order was passed: 
 
 " Ordend, Tliat the Treasurer pay over all money to H. A. Carter in the treasury, to be applied 
 in the payment of Leroy .Jackson for the county seat, and that the said Carter take a deed for 
 tlic foiintv.'' 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 373 
 
 Seven marriages were recorded in 1846. February 10, John W. Penn, 
 SheriiF, who arrested Jeflf. Lowe for the murder of Dance, and Mrs. Pamelia 
 Dance, the murdered mans widow, were joined in marriage, at the residence 
 of the bride, by Justice Rexford, the magistrate by whom Lowe was committed. 
 Then followed James Barnes and Margaret Hutson, Andrew C. Gallahan and 
 Sarah Ann Lee, Lucius Kibbee and Letty Baucher, Asa Lowe and Amelia 
 Henderson, George W. Walker and Mary Jane Dillon, and Samuel P. Whit- 
 taker and Cynthia Main. In recording these marriages, Mr. Hobbs used 
 " State " instead of " Territory " of Iowa. 
 
 In the Winter of 1846-7, Hugh Livingston, accompanied by one of his 
 nephews, went to Cascade with teams. They returned in the night, young 
 Livingston and his team being ahead. When they reached the forks of the road, 
 where they separated, the young man looked back and saw his uncle's team 
 take the proper road, and he drove on home. When Hugh's team arrived at 
 his home, he was not with it. His fimily becoming alarmed, fearing that he had 
 been overcome with cold, started out in search of him, and found him by the 
 road side quite dead, although his body was still warm in the region of the 
 heart. Livingston had been wont to say that this climate was too warm for 
 him. He had endured, Avithout flinching, the rigorous winters in the Highlands 
 of Scotland and in British America, to be frozen to death in the mild climate 
 of Iowa which he disdained. 
 
 At a special session of the Board of County Commissioners, March 24, 
 1847, the first division of the county into townships, under State law, was made, 
 and elections ordered as follows : 
 
 Ordered, That the counties of Delaware and Buchanan be divided into townships as follows, 
 to wit : That the boundaries of the several precincts, as at present laid oif in said counties, be 
 and thej are hereby organized into townships. That the territory of Delhi Precinct be named 
 Delhi Township ; that the territory of Eads' Grove be named Eads' Grove Township ; that the 
 territory of North Fork be named North Fork Township ; that the territory of Colony Prerinct 
 be named Colony Township ; that the territory of Buchanan County be named Buchanan Town- 
 ship. Also, that the usual places of holding elections in the said several precincts be hereby 
 appointed the respective places of holding the first meetings of the electors for their several 
 townships. 
 
 Ordered, That the Clerks of Commissioners be required to issue election notices for elections 
 to be held on the first Monday in April, and that the necessary township officers required by law 
 now in force be elected. 
 
 April 14, 1847, the Board passed the following order : 
 
 Ordered, That G. D. Dillon be allowed the sum of $4 for his services as auctioneer in selling 
 township lots in the town of Delhi, being in full for all services as such up to this date. 
 
 The town lots at Delhi did not meet with very rapid sale, and the effort to 
 dispose of some of them at auction was renewed, by the following : 
 
 Ordered, That there shall be a sale of lots of Delhi on the first day of the first session of the 
 District Court, and A. K. Eaton be appointed Auctioneer. 
 
 The first General Assembly of Iowa directed the division of counties into 
 Commissioner Districts, and the Delaware Commissioners were prompt to obey, 
 as appears by the following : 
 
 Ordered, That Delaware County be divided into County Commissioner Districts, which dis- 
 tricts shall be numbered First, Second and Third, as follows, to wit : Towns 87 and 88, in Ranges 
 3 ana 4, shall constitute the First District ; Towns 89 and 90, in Ranges 3 and 4, shall constitute 
 the Second District, and Towns 87, 88, 89 and 90, in Ranges 5 and 6, shall constitute the Third 
 District, agreeably to an act of the General Assembly of the State of Iowa, approved February 
 22, 1847. 
 
 Upon admission of Iowa as a State, by act of the First General Assembly, 
 approved February 17, 1847, Delaware County was made a part of the Second 
 
374 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Judicial District, in which James Grant, of Scott County, was elected Judge, 
 April 5, 1847. 
 
 The first term of the State court in Delaware County was held by Judge. 
 Grant, June 7, 1847. The first Grand Jury — Leverett Rexford, Foreman ; 
 Missouri Dickson, Robert Torrence, Thomas D. Hall, Jacob Landis, John J. 
 Barrett, James H. Eads, Bryant Johnson, Silas Gilmore, Lawrence McNamee, 
 John McMahon, Leroy Jackson and Thomas Norris. 
 
 The first recorded act of this court was the naturalization of John D. Claus, 
 a native of Germany. 
 
 There are no records of elections from 1842 until 1847 in existence, and» 
 now only the poll lists of Eads' Grove and Colony Precincts, at the election, 
 April 5, can be found among the old papers in the Sheriff's office at Delhi. At 
 Colony, James Cole was elected Inspector of Township Schools. Murtle Cole 
 was elected Township Clerk over James Cole, the vote being 32 to 19. L. 
 McNamee, John Piatt and Wellington Wiltse were elected Trustees. The vote 
 on the license question was — yes, 17 ; no, 28. 
 
 At Eads' Grove, 26 votes were cast, and the following returns were made : 
 
 For District .Judge, Tlatt Smith 4 
 
 •' " " James Grant 16 
 
 For Prosecuting Attorney, Lewis A. Thomas 15 
 
 C. T. Peet 2 
 
 Forjudge of Probate, Clement Coffin 18 
 
 In July, the Board levied a tax of one-half mill on the dollar for school 
 purposes. This did not produce a very large sum, but it indicated that the fathers 
 of the county were mindful of the children, if they could not do much for them. 
 
 At the election in August, it appears that Henry A. Carter, Henry Baker 
 and Samuel Mulliken were re-elected Commissioners ; Charles W. Hobbs, Re- 
 corder ; John W. Penn, Sherifi"; A. K. Eaton, Judge of Probate, and William 
 Phillips, Treasurer. 
 
 Until 1847, the office of Judge of Probate of Delaware was purely orna- 
 mental. If any probate business was transacted, no record remains. The first 
 Judge was Roland Aubrey, who was elected Aug. 2, 1841, for a term of three 
 years. The next Judge was Clement Coffin, who was elected in August, 1844, 
 and served three years. The first probate business recorded was done in Sep- 
 tember, 1847, A. K. Eaton, Judge. The first case recorded was the petition of 
 Samuel Mulliken, for the appointment of an administrator of the estate of 
 Lorenzo L. Mulliken, deceased. The prayer of the petitioner was granted ; Sam- 
 uel Mulliken was appointed Administrator, and Albert G. Noble, C. T. Peet 
 and Joshua Beels, Appraisers of the estate. The next was the appointment of 
 Caroline Duthman and Henry Hohenkamp Administrators of the estate of Her- 
 man Duthraan ; A. J. Scroggy, F. Rohenkokle and Bernard Satmire, Apprais- 
 ers. During Eaton's administration of probate affairs, until 1850, only about 
 a dozen estates were admitted to probate. 
 
 October 4, 1847, tlie Commissioners ordered "that Lawrence McNamee be 
 paid $22.36, for one year's interest on money loaned to enter eighty acres of 
 county seat." 
 
 In 1847, there were two schools in Colony Township. In District No. 1, 
 thirty-six pupils attended school, and in No. 2, forty-one. Delhi Township 
 had two districts, one had twenty and the other ten scholars. Roxana Brown 
 taught a school in the Court House at Delhi. 
 
 The amount of taxes collected in 1847 was $628.10. In 1848, this amount 
 increased to $1,027.45. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 375 
 
 The marriages of 1847 were recorded as follows : Isaac Hensley and Sarah 
 Ann Shipton, John S. Brown and Nancy Harron, Thomas Walters and Nancy 
 Eldred, Jonathan V. Todd and Mary Todd, William Hankins and Martha 
 Jane Lee, and James H. Robinson and Julia Wood. 
 
 -Up to this date, ihe county records show the names of but two ministers of 
 the Gospel— Rev. J. W. Griffith, in North Fork, late in 1846, and Rev. B. D. 
 Springer, in the Summer of 1847 — but it must be remembered that the records 
 of Delaware County, for ten years after its organization, are very meager, and 
 until 1847, there are none, except the Commissioners' records. It must not be 
 concluded, therefore, that the above were the first ministers of the county. Rev. 
 Barney White was at the Colony in 1842, and Rev. Newell W. Bixby settled 
 at Yankee settlement in 1846. 
 
 About 1847, Mr. Leverett Rexford commenced building a dam and saw-mill 
 on Spring Branch, about half a mile below the " Deep Hole," just above which 
 the present road from Manchester to Bailey's Ford crosses that stream. He had 
 nearly completed the dam, had the frame cut and nearly ready to raise, had 
 purchased the mill irons and had the water wheel and running gear nearly done, 
 when he died, in the Fall of 1848. After his death, John W. Clark purchased 
 the frame and machinery, removed it to the Maquoketa, about two miles south- 
 west of Delhi (at Hartwick), where he built a dam and erected the mill in the 
 Spring of 1849. 
 
 William Turner built a saw-mill on the Maquoketa in Section 90, Township 
 6, during 1847. James Cole and Jared Hubbard built a mill on Elk Creek in 
 the same year. 
 
 In 1847, occurred the death of Collins, who was mortally injured 
 
 by Button in an affray in Colony Township, either at a dance or raising. The 
 trouble began between Collins and Button's brother-in-law. Button ran out and 
 seized a wagon-bolt, with which he struck Collins, who died soon after. Button 
 was tried and convicted of manslaughter. Lett, who was his guard, took him 
 to the Colony to bid his family good-bye, but he made his escape by raising a 
 puncheon in the floor of his cabin, which allowed him to crawl into the big 
 world outside. 
 
 January 12, 1848, a post office, called "Yankee Settlement," was estab- 
 lished near the northeast corner of Township 90, Range 5, and Bohan Noble 
 appointed Postmaster. It was called "Yankee Settlement" from the fact that 
 the settlers in that vicinity were from the East. The office was a private one, 
 and was supplied from Colony. In May, 1848, Joseph S. Belknap, a native 
 of Vermont, made the first claim in that part of the present site of the village 
 of Edgewood, or "Yankee Settlement," as it was called until the completion 
 of the D. & St. P, Railroad, that lies in Delaware County. John Gibson 
 had made a claim on the other side of the county line a year or two 
 previous. 
 
 The records of the County Commissioners during this year are meager and 
 unimportant. April 18, Charles W. Hobbs was authorized and empowered to 
 borrow $100 for the use of the county, to pay Leroy Jackson for entering 
 eighty acres of the county seat, at a rate of interest not to exceed twenty per 
 cent. 
 
 Town lots at the county seat were not selling very rapidly, and Mr. Hobbs, 
 in the exercise of sound judgment, had evidently been selling some of them at 
 less than the regular price, to induce their occupation, and thus build up the 
 town. But the County Commissioners determined to stop that ruinous busi- 
 ness. They were bound that the county should realize handsomely from the 
 
376 HISTORY OF DELAWARE CIOUNTY 
 
 sale of these lots, and, unless they could be sold at a fair price, they should not 
 be sold. They therefore 
 
 Orderfi, That Charles W. Ilobbs is hereby directed not to sell any lot on the town plat for 
 less than §5 '(five dollars) in cash, or §10 in county orders. 
 
 In July, the Commissioners met in the school house at Delhi. 
 
 In August, an election was held, and Mulliken and Carter were re-elected 
 Commissioners, and Daniel H. Thornburg in place of Baker. 
 
 August 10, the town of "Cole's Burgh" was surveyed and platted by James 
 Cole. Surveyor, on the northeast quarter and part of the northwest quarter of 
 Section 4, Township 90 north, Range 3 west (Colony), Lawrence McNamee and 
 Hiram Cole proprietors. In 1850, the Northern Addition to " Colesburgh " 
 ^as made by Mr. McNamee, and the Western Addition in 1854. 
 
 The matrimonial record of 1848 is as follows : Richard Swearingen and 
 Catherine M. Smith ; Thomas W. Frentress and Martha Brazelton ; Elisha 
 Brady and Angeline Smith ; William Turner and Rachael Lee ; Theodore 
 Marks and Elizabeth Pace ; Thomas P. Lane and Matilda Flinn ; Francis Far- 
 rell and Vina Collins, and James Anderson and Lucinda L. Barrett. 
 
 L. L. Ayers, Esq., in his "Early Times in Delaware County," says: 
 " We cannot say positively, but believe that Mr. Swearingen was a Methodist 
 minister at this time. He was Presiding Elder of the Marshalltown Confer- 
 ence, in 1871, and had a State reputation as an eloquent preacher and able 
 man. Coming from Diiluth into St. Paul, in June, 1871, reaching his hotel a little 
 before midnight, having eaten little or nothing since breakfast, the Elder ordered 
 supper in a pretty sharp tone, adding : ' We're wickedly hungry, for we have 
 had nothing but a little browse since breakfast.' His hunger, and with it his 
 crossness, disappeared after a ravenous supper." 
 
 Rev. G. E. Bowman and Rev. John L. Kelley were attending to the spirit- 
 ual welfare of the Delaware people in 1848. 
 
 Philip Hogan built a flouring-mill at Rockville, near Dillon's, in 1848. 
 
 The Judge of Probate had three cases in 1848. Henry A. Carter was 
 appointed administrator of the estate of James Doak, March 20 ; Thomas 
 Bay was appointed guardian of two of the children, and G. H. Browder of the 
 other four ; personal property appraised at $640.80. In April, the will of 
 Thomas Kirk was admitted to probate. His property was inventoried at 
 ^174.-30. October 19, the will of Leverett Rexford was admitted, John Lilli- 
 bridge, executor. The estate of the deceased was appraised at $371.55 ; two 
 cows were valued at $10 and $11 respectively, and a mare was considered 
 worth $60. 
 
 The Justices of the Peace for the county from first settlement to 1848, so 
 far as can be ascertained from the records, were Gilbert D. Dillon, North Fork ; 
 Daniel Brown, Eads' Grove ; Lawrence McNamee, Colony ; Leverett Rexford, 
 Delhi ; J. W. Griffith (also a minister), North Fork ; John Piatt, Colony ; 
 John S. BroAvn (also a minister), Nortli Fork ; James E. Anderson, Morris M. 
 Reed, Eads' Grove; A. J. Scroggy, Colony; L. C. Woodford, J. A. Reynolds, 
 Buchanan ; William Montgomery, Colony. 
 
 Three schools were maintained in Colony Townshij) in 1848, supported by 
 subscription. There Avere also three schools in Delhi. North Fork was divided 
 into five school districts, and schools opened there. There were two districts 
 in Eads' Grove in which schools were tauglit, supported also by voluntary sub- 
 scriptions. The names of the teachers are now forgotten. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 377 
 
 At the election held April 3, 1848, there were but four civil townships in 
 the county, viz. : Delhi, Eads' Grove, North Fork and Colony. The following 
 abstract is the only remaining record of that election : 
 
 Thos. H. Bentou, Superintendent Instruction, had 92 votes. 
 
 James Harlan, " " " 12-4 " 
 
 .Tolin Benson, School Fund Commissioner, " 112 " 
 
 Samuel P. Whitaker, School Fund Commissioner, had 90 " 
 
 Simeon Ellis, Coroner, had 104 " 
 
 H. A. Lett, " " 77 " 
 
 Wm. Phillips, Sealer Weights and Measures, had 89 " 
 
 Simeon Phillips, " " " " " 98 " 
 
 At this election, Coffin, Baker, Sullivan and Minkler voted at Delhi. At 
 the general election, August 7, the vote of the county for Representative to Con- 
 gress was as follows : 
 
 Shepherd Leffler (Democrat) 109 
 
 Timothy Davis (Whig) 122 
 
 There is no record of the Presidential election, but from the above it would 
 appear that the political parties were very nearly evenly balanced in Delaware 
 at that time. 
 
 Among some ancient papers which were filed away in the Sheriff's office is a 
 tabular statement of the liabilities of the county for the year ending Decem- 
 ber 31, 1848, showing : 
 
 For outstanding balance against the county $261 82 
 
 For amount of orders passed 598 99 
 
 Total $860 31 
 
 Contra Cr. 
 
 By county tax placed in the hands of Collector $577 27 
 
 By orders received for sale of town lots in Delhi 60 82 
 
 $638 09 
 
 Balance against county $222 22 
 
 The aforegoing is a correct statement of the liabilities of the county, for the year ending 
 the 31st of December, 1848, showing an outstanding balance against the county of $222.22. 
 There was also placed in the hands of the Collector, for 1848, for State tax, $275.87 ; school tax, 
 $111.85. 
 
 H. A. CARTER, ■) ^ .... 
 
 Attest, DANIEL H. THORNBURG, / ^<"''"'^««'<'"«'^«- 
 
 CHARLES W. HOBBS, 
 
 Clerk of Commissioners. 
 Delhi, .January 1, 1849. 
 
 Among the orders drawn was one for a "bear, sold for use of county, 
 $7.50," and the amount paid out for wolf scalps, $17.30. 
 
 It seems a little remarkable, in view of the above statement, that then, and 
 for years afterward, county orders were sold for fifty cents on the dollar. 
 
 In 1848, Isaac Barton was arrested for stealing a horse from Hugh Rose, 
 which was taken to Wisconsin, but was identified and returned. Barton was 
 taken to Dubuque, but soon escaped. 
 
 January 2, 1849, North Fork Township was divided, and South Fork 
 'f ownship created. 
 
 July 2, by order of the Commissioners, the name of Eads' Grove Township 
 was changed to Coldwater, as follows : 
 
 Ordered, That the Coldwater Township be divided as follows : Commencing at the north- 
 east boundary of Coldwater Township, running three miles south ; bounded by Elk on the east ; 
 thence west, so as to include part of Range 5 west of Fifth Principal Meridian ; thence north, 
 to the county line ; thence east, to the place of beginning ; and that said township shall be named 
 "Avon." 
 
378 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Ordered, That on the 15th day of July, inst., the electors of the newly laid off township of 
 Avon shall hold an election, at the house of Daniel B. Noble, in said township, for the purpose 
 of electing township officers for said township, and to organize the same. 
 
 The impression is that the people never recognized the name of Avon, and 
 in 18 ")1, the poll books were returned from York. 
 
 The tax levy of 1849 was : State, ten and a half mills ; county, four mills ; 
 school, one mill. 
 
 Revs. John S. Brown, Newell W. Bixby and John Plank ministered to the 
 religious wants of the community. 
 
 1849 was a good year for matrimonial speculations, and there was a goodly 
 list of marriages, as follows : Israel Scroggy and Martha Bragg ; Jacob G. 
 Nicholson and Martha Hutson ; James Young and Mary Ann Smith ; James 
 Rutherford and Catherine Bragg ; John H. Seeley and Annie Livingston ; 
 Andrew L. Ginger and Elizabeth Martin ; B. F. Dighton and Catherine J. Rits ; 
 Richard Barrett and Laura S. McFall ; B. F. McVey and Minerva J. Bassen- 
 ger ; Bentley Shipton and Sarah Hutson ; Bradford Crozier and Henrietta M. 
 Pierce ; H. H. Klaus and Katherine M. Kimple ; Howard A. Smith and Eliz- 
 abeth H. Wells ; William Carpenter and Hannah R. Martin. 
 
 The estates of Alexander Burnham, Timothy Joselin and Orlean Blanchard 
 were admitted to probate. Blanchard's property was valued at $1,434.51, hogs 
 being appraised at $1.00 each. 
 
 Frederick B. Doolittle and William Price visited the county, and entered 
 land near Delhi. "At that time," says Judge Doolittle, " there were only 
 four or five log cabins in, the town of Delhi. There was a log house near the 
 'Big Spring,' which was the tavern kept by John W. Clark. In a frame 
 'lean-to,' on one side of the tavern, Clark kept a little store." 
 
 Tlie raising of the first frame barns in the county, built by Clement Coffin 
 and Henry Baker, at Coffin's Grove, on the 4th of July, 1849, Avas a notable 
 event. People gathered from all parts of the county — from Delhi, Plum Creek, 
 Colony, South Fork, etc. Baker's barn frame was raised in the forenoon, and 
 the settlers dined at his house. In the afternoon. Coffin's barn frame was 
 raised, and supper was served at his house. Thus the anniversary of our 
 national independence was celebrated and made useful by the settlers of Dela- 
 ware in 1849. Among those who Avere present was Roland Aubrey, all the 
 way from North Fork. When they were at work at Coffin's barn, Aubrey 
 would carry rafters alone, doing the work of two men. Coffin noticed this, and 
 said to two men who were carrying a rafter by him, "Look at that other man 
 carrying his stick alone I I wouldn't give a cent for a man who couldn't handle 
 a ton of basswood by himself." 
 
 The number of scholars in Delaware, in 1849, was 515 ; and the several 
 townships received school money as follows: Colony, |48. 03 ; Eads' Grove, 
 $25.44 ; North Fork, $37.77 ; Delhi, $22.74. 
 
 At the general election, August 6, 1849, the vote for State Treasurer was 
 returned as follows : 
 
 GILLASPIE. STEWART. 
 
 Delhi 34 29 
 
 Coldwater 14 16 
 
 York 3 
 
 Colony 38 47 
 
 North Fork 13 13 
 
 South Fork 11 28 
 
 Total 110 136 
 
HISTORY OF DELTWARE COUNTY. 379 
 
 The first threshing machine brought into the county was owned and operated 
 bv Daniel B. Noble, who then lived near Yankee Settlement, in 1849. 
 
 The population of the county in 1840, was only 168, in 1850, it had in- 
 creased to 1,759. 
 
 Twelve marriages were recorded during this year, among them, that of John 
 Bliss and Mary Martin. 
 
 October 8, 1850. A. K. Eaton resigned as Judge of Probate and Zina A. 
 Wellman was appointed to fill the vacancy. Eaton had been elected a Repre- 
 sentative to the Legislature. 
 
 The Grand Jurv of 1850 was composed of Samuel Kelly, James Phillips, 
 D. H. Brown, 0. Cronk, T. Marks, A. Buggies, W. H. Martin, D. Mason, 
 Silas Gilmore, S. R. Reynolds, Jacob Lamer, D. Crown, S. Ellis, J. A. 
 Ginger, A. A. Wilson and William Turner. 
 
 THE NEW COURT HOUSE AND JAIL. 
 
 The necessity for a jail and new Court House was now pressing upon the 
 people of Delaware, but how to build them was a serious question for the con- 
 sideration of the Commissioners. The county had no money ; its credit was 
 not then good as it since became ; county bonds could not be negotiated and 
 county orders were hawked about, a drug on the market, at fifty per cent, dis- 
 count. Delhi town lots, the only available real estate owned by the county, 
 were worth only five dollars apiece. The first official records of the action of 
 the Commissioners in relation to the matter begin April 9, 1850, when the 
 Board resolved to advertise in the Dubuque Tribune for " proposals to build 
 a Court House." Judge Doolittle states that when he and Mr. Price returned 
 to Delhi, in the Spring of 1850, there was "nothing doing," and they 
 induced the Commissioners to give them the contract for getting out the timber 
 for a new Court House, at five cents per running foot. It is probable that the 
 Commissioners determined upon the size and general plan of the building at 
 this time, and decided to provide for a jail in the basement of the building. 
 Judge Doolittle states that neither himself nor Mr. Price had ever hewed a stick 
 of timber in their lives, but having obtained the contract, they concluded that if 
 others could hew timber, they could, obtained some axes, borrowed a broad- axe, 
 and in the Summer of 1850, among the mosquitoes, sand flies and rattlesnakes, 
 hcAved the timber required to erect the contemplated building. 
 
 October 8, the Board " ordered that William Price be paid forty-four 
 dollars and forty -five cents for jail timber furnished." " Ordered that F. B. 
 Doolittle be paid three dollars and twenty-one cents for jail timber furnislied." 
 Judge Doolittle states that he took his pay mostly in Delhi town lots, at five 
 dollars apiece. "These," says the Judge, "were legal tender to any one who 
 would take them, at that time, at that price." The county had nothing else to 
 pay Avith. It seems to be fortunate for the county, and particularly for Delhi, 
 that Mr. Doolittle came about that time. His indomitable energy and deter- 
 mination appears to have given the county seat a start, and for several years 
 it increased rapidly, but at this time, those log cabins, built in 1846-7, were 
 yet the only buildings there. Clark had sold his store, or rather the few goods 
 in it, to Thomas C. Helm, but was still " keeping tavern" in his log house by 
 the "Big Spring." 
 
 In 1850, several of the adventurous spirits who had been among the first to 
 settle in Delaware County, became infected with the gold fever and organized 
 
380 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 a party to cross the plains to California. Among them were Joel Bailey, Lewis 
 Crozier, Elder Blanchard, William Robinson, Wm. H. Whiteside, William 
 Phillips, Roland Aubrey, Missouri Dickson and others. Dickson died in Cal- 
 ifornia. Bailey and Aubrey returned the next year. 
 
 NEW TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 January 6, 1851, the County Commissioners created several new town- 
 ships by the following, orders, viz. : 
 
 Ordered, That Cold Water Township, in Delaware County, be divided and a new township set 
 off, with the following boundaries, viz. : 
 
 Beginning at the southeast corner of Section 18, in Township 89 north, and Range 5 west, 
 thence west to the southwest corner of Section 18, in Township 89 north, and Range 6 west, 
 thence north to the northwest corner of Section 6, Township 90 north, and Range 6 west, thence 
 east to the northeast corner of Section 0, in Township 90 north, and Range 5 west, and thence 
 south to the place of beginning, and that said township be known by the name of Richland 
 Township. Voting place, the house of Stephen R. Reynolds. 
 
 Ordered, That a new Township be set off in Delaware County, with the following boundaries, 
 to wit : commencing at the southeast corner of Section 36, in Township 89 north, Range 5 west, 
 thence west to the southwest corner of Section ?A, Township 89 north of Range 6 west, thence 
 north to the northwest corner of Section 7, Township 89 north of Range 6 west, thence east to 
 the northeast corner of Section 12, Township 89 north of Range 5 west, thence south to the 
 place of beginning; and that said township, be known by the name of Delaware Township. 
 The place of holding elections in said township shall be at Delaware Center (near where Quaker 
 Mills now stand). It is further ordered that all that part of Richland Township, as heretofore 
 described in the preceding order, and all parts of any other township in said county included 
 within the bounds of Delaware Township, as herein described, shall hereafter be included in said 
 Delaware Township. 
 
 April 13. Ordered, That Sections 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, in Township 89, north of Range 5 
 west of the 5th Principal Meridian, which by a late order of this Court defining the boundary 
 of Delaware Township formed a part of said township, be and the same are herebyattached to the 
 Township of Coldwater, and shall hereafter form a part of said Township of Coldwater for all 
 purposes. 
 
 Ordered, That South Fork Township, in Delaware County, be divided, and a new township 
 set off consisting of all that part of said township, as the boundar.es have heretofore been 
 established, lying on the southwest side of the Maquoketa River, said township to be known by 
 the name of Buck Creek Township. The first election in said township shall be held at the 
 school house near Aaron Blanchard's. 
 
 July 2S, Ordered, That the southern boundary line of Colony Township be changed as 
 follows: Commencing at a point on the Dubuque & Fort Atkinson Road where saiu road crosses 
 the line running north and south through the center of Township 90 north of Range o west of 
 the Fifth Principal Meridian ; thence south to the southeast corner of Section 16, Township 89, 
 Range 3: thence west to the southeast of Section 16, Township 89, Range 4 ; thence north till it 
 strikes the said Dubuque & Fort Atkinson Road ; and all lands lying on the north side of 
 this line shall hereafter form a part of the said Colony Township. 
 
 THE COURT HOUSE. 
 
 It would seem that some progress was made in the construction of the Court 
 House in 1850, for, on the 7th of January, 1851, claims arising from con- 
 struction account were allowed, as follows: Samuel Bird, labor, |7.87 ; Z. A. 
 Wellraan, cash paid, $12.80; Joseph Mitchell, boarding hands, $7; Simeon 
 Ellis, timber. .^28 ; Jasper Seward, labor, $6.87 ; Henry Crawford, labor, 
 $4.87 ; H. A. Carter, $45.25 ; Chas. Cousins, labor, $5.73 ; John Benson, lum- 
 ber, $58.77; G.W.Gregg, labor, $2.37; Simeon Ellis, timber, $7. Next 
 day — John W. Clark, lumber (to be delivered), $25. Probably some work was 
 done on excavating for the basement, but there are no records to show what 
 was done. 
 
 April 16, the following additional claims were allowed : Simeon Ellis, labor, 
 80 cents. October 6 : T. R. Mason, labor, $3 ; H. A. Carter (as Commissioner 
 and services on Court House, $23.50.) 
 
HISTORY OF WOODFORD COUNTY. 381 
 
 Judge Doolittle states that in the Spring of 1851, the timber hewed by 
 himself and Mr. Price was hauled to the site selected on the public square, and 
 the work of excavating for the basement commenced partly by contract, though 
 on this subject the records are silent. 
 
 Payments for work were made with town lots at $5 each, and in county 
 orders at 50 per cent discount. Under the direction of the Commissioners, 
 succeeded in August by County Judge Benson, the foundations were laid, the 
 walls of the basement or jail built, and the frame of the Court House " raised " 
 during the Fall, and thus it stood until the next year. 
 
 The only other recorded action of either the Board of Commissioners or the 
 County Court, in relation to the Court House to be found, is the following 
 order of the Court, December 30, 1851, from which it would seem that the 
 frame was not raised until quite late in the season : 
 
 It is hereby ordered that Chester C. Cousens be paid thirteen dollars for furnishing supper at 
 the raising the Court House, boarding Payten, and the balance due said Cousens for work done 
 on the Court House to this date. JOHN BENSON, 
 
 County Judge. 
 
 The Town of Colony, near the center of Section 4, Township 90 north, 
 Range 3 west, immediately south of Colesburgh, was laid out in March, 1851. 
 It was laid out in two streets, crossing each other at right angles. David More- 
 land, Proprietor ; James Cole, Surveyor. Plat recorded May 6, 1851. 
 
 Hopkinton was laid out on the southeast quarter. Section 13, Township 87 
 north, Range 4 west, in 1851. Henry A. Carter, Leroy Jackson and Jerusha 
 M. Jackson, Proprietors ; John W. Clark, Surveyor. Plat recorded December 
 29, 1851. 
 
 The following unique marriage certificate appears of record : 
 
 I hereby certify that on the 20th day of February, A. D. 1851, at the house of William Digh- 
 ton, in Delhi Township, Delaware County, Iowa, in the presence of the above named William 
 Dighton and his wife, his father, two brothers, two sisters, one brother-in-law, one sister-in-law, 
 three step-children, several of his own children, nephews and nieces, friends and acquaintances, 
 neighbors, etc., I joined in the holy bonds of matrimony Mr. Anthony McGarvey, of Scott County, 
 Iowa, aged 24 years, and Miss Mary Ann Morgan, step-daughter to the above mentioned William 
 Dighton, of this county, aged 18 years. 
 
 Given under my hand this 20th day of February, A. D. 1851. 
 
 THEODORE MARKS, 
 Justice of the Peace, South Fork Township, Delaware County, Tova. 
 
 P. S. — The streams being up very high, everybody could not attend. The undersigned had 
 to travel sixteen miles extra to get home. T. M. 
 
 THE COUNTY JUDGE SYSTEM. 
 
 By chapter 15 of the Code of Iowa, approved February 5, 1851, County 
 Commissioners' Courts were abolished, and the office of County Judge created. 
 By this law, the County Judge was invested " with the usual power and juris- 
 diction of County Commissioners and of Judge of Probate, and to be elected at 
 the first election holden in August after the statutes had been in force thirty 
 days." 
 
 Accordingly, at the election in August, John Benson was elected County 
 Judge ; William Price, Clerk of County Court ; and the Board of County Com- 
 missioners ceased to exist. 
 
 In the Fall, James Wood, Alfred Harris and Wilson arrived at 
 
 Delhi, with their families, and, having no place to stop, erected a rough shanty 
 in the basement of the new Court House, and lived there until they could build 
 cabins. 
 
382 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Durinty the Summer, Mr. Daniel Baker arrived at Delhi, on his way to 
 Independence, whither he was going with the view of building a hote|. He 
 was taken sick with Cholera while at Delhi, and when he became convalescent, 
 Mr. Doolittle, who liad learned his business, proposed to him that if he Avould 
 remain and build a hotel at Delhi, he (Doolittle) would give him a deed of a lot. 
 Baker accepted the offer and built the old Iowa House, 20x30, I^ stories high, 
 on Lot 9, Block 4, on the north side of the main street. It was considered a very 
 fine house at that time. Doolittle evidently knew how to start a town, for in 
 the same season he gave Charles Harding (who had bought Helms' store) a lot 
 on the o})posite side of the street, if he would build a store on it, which he did, 
 building what is now known as the "'■ Blue Store," on Lot 3, Block 9. This gave 
 an impetus to the town, and the price of lots advanced. It was not necessary 
 to " give away " any more of them. 
 
 THE GREAT FLOOD. 
 
 1851 is memorable for the great flood that occurred in that year. June 7, 
 rain fell in enormous quantities. Mr. Moulton, of Monticello, is authority for 
 the statement that the rain-guage at that place indicated 3.75 inches. The 
 " windows of heaven were opened " indeed. At Henry Baker's, the waters of 
 the creek rose until it overflowed the floor of his house (his original log cabin, 
 since burned), and he lost several sheep and hogs, and his fences were swept 
 away. 
 
 At Ead's Grove, the old Bennett Mill was swept away, and Mrs. Alaway, 
 who lived near it, was drowned. 
 
 The prairie, where Manchester now stands, was entirely submerged, the 
 water, where the Clarence House now is, being several feet deep. The cause 
 of this appears to have been that at that time the Maquoketa at this point was 
 narrow and the current set to the right bank. The high banks operated as 
 wing dams, when the water was so high, and it must overflow the prairie. 
 
 At Bailey's, the water rose to the floor of his cabin, and he lost about two 
 miles of fence. 
 
 At Benson's Mill, which had been built the previous year, all the logs and 
 lumber were swept away, and the mill itself was only saved by being cabled. 
 Only a small portion of the roof was above water. 
 
 Mr. Lawson A. Roe, an esteemed citizen of the county, relates an interest- 
 ing incident of this flood, in substance as follows : Mr. William Roe, with his 
 two sons, Lawson A. and Charles and his nephew, came to this county in 1851, 
 on a tour of observation. Arriving at Delhi, they were informed that the Ma- 
 quoketa was S(» high that they could not cross it at Bailey's Ford. Accord- 
 ingly, they went below and crossed it at Benson's Mill, then traveled up the 
 river on the west side until they reached a point opposite Bailey's at night, on 
 the 7th of June. Here they encamped on the bottom near the bank of the 
 stream, thirty or forty rods a little south of west of Bailey's house. The water 
 was high, l>ut was some six feet below the top of tlie bank. Here they hitched 
 their horses and pitched their tent. During the night it rained heavily and in 
 the moriiing they found the river bankful, and, although the water had not 
 yet reached their tent, it was two feet deep where the horses stood. They 
 thought it best to move as soon as possible^ but they soon discovered that they 
 Were on an island, from which it was impossible to escape without swimming. 
 They drove a stake at the edge of the water and soon found that it was not 
 visinrr; thoy were still on terra-firma. and antiei])ated no further trouble except 
 
tJ)idm.> ^?^rt^ 
 
 DELHI 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 385 
 
 delay. It was not long, however, before they were dismayed by the discovery 
 that the Avater was rising again very rapidly, and was very muddy, indicating 
 that the mill-dams at Turner's and Acers' had probably been swept away. 
 They immediately prepared for the emergency. With portions of the harness, 
 they fastened the wagon-box to the bolsters and staked the wagon so it could 
 not float away. When the water had risen around the wagon, Mr. R. Eddv, 
 afterward Sheriff, swam to them and took the horses off, none too soon, for, 
 says Mr. Roe, " the water rose eleven feet in about three hours and a half, com- 
 pelling us to take refuge in a tree. Meanwhile, Mr. Eddy and two others 
 (names not remembered) made active preparations to rescue the four men " up 
 a tree." The boats had all been swept away by the flood, but Mr. Eddy and 
 liis companions obtained a new wagon-box, caulked it as well as they could, and, 
 with this novel craft, after three trials, they succeeded in reaching the Roes and 
 took them to the shore. 
 
 Rev. E. B. Turner was Pastor of the church at Colesburgh ; Rev. John 
 Martindale, at Eads' Grove, and religious services were conducted elsewhere by 
 Revs. George Larkin and D. Mason. 
 
 In December, the estate of Mr. Enoch Perkins was admitted to probate. 
 
 The county register shows seventeen marriages during 1851. Amono- them 
 were Jesse B. Bailey and Margaret Moreland ; W. B. Ilutson and Emmeline 
 Blanchard, and D. B. Noble and Clara Reese. 
 
 Mr. Bailey afterward served for many years in the County Board of Super- 
 visors. 
 
 The valuation of 1851 was as follows : 
 
 Land with improvements |)2L3,122 
 
 Town lots 7,865 
 
 Personal property 76.879 
 
 Total $297,866 
 
 Number of Polls 497 
 
 Asa C. Bowen entered warrants for several thousand acres on the prairie 
 since called Bowen's Prairie, which included nearly all the present town of 
 Sand Spring, in 1851, and, in 1856, erected a cabin near the Sand Spring, 
 directly on the railroad track as afterward surveyed and located. 
 
 The records of 1852 are of minor interest, and transactions unimportant ; 
 but the tide of immigration was setting strongly to Delaware, and the county 
 w^as rapidly filling up with enterprising and intelligent settlers. 
 
 INlarch 15, the County Court granted the prayer of a petition for a road from 
 Richland (Forestville) via Acersville (Delaware Center) to Delhi. 
 
 In March, a burglary was committed in Delhi. The stores of Charles 
 Harding and Clark & Eaton were broken into and robbed. Michael Ken- 
 nedy was arrested for the offense, examined before Judge Benson and com- 
 mitted. 
 
 Coldwater Township was divided, and the north part made a new township 
 named York. 
 
 In April, Judge Benson, Recorder Phillips and William Price, Clerk, held 
 a meeting to ascertain whether the fees received by them were sufficient to pay 
 their official salaries. " Figuring up " their receipts, they ascertained that the 
 sum total for seven months was $223.95. Their salaries amounted to $125 each. 
 They decided to divide the money equally, and took orders on the empty treas- 
 ury for the balance, probably at the rate of two dollars for one, as that was the 
 ^standard price of county order at that time. 
 
 D 
 
386 
 
 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 It is related that, during Mr. William Phillips' term as Recorder, the town 
 of Delhi was seriously threatened with destruction from prairie fires. The 
 record of deeds at that time was all contained in one little book ; the Recorder's 
 office was not supplied with a safe, and if the town burned, that valuable book 
 of records would be destroyed. Mr. Phillips determined that, come what would, 
 that book "must and should be preserved," and improvised a very safe recep- 
 tacle for it by digging a hole in the ground near his house, in which he deposited 
 his record book and buried it. 
 
 THE COURT HOUSE. 
 
 Some progress was made on the new Court House in 1852. The frame was 
 covered, the roof put on and some of the inside work was done. But as the 
 county had only town lots and its depreciated orders with which to pay for labor 
 and material. Judge Benson evidently found it slow work. The records are 
 silent. 
 
 " In the Spring of 1852," says Judge Doolittle, " potatoes were exceedingly 
 scarce in this country. The potato crop the previous year was almost an entire 
 failure, and, when Spring opened, seed potatoes were difficult to obtain and very 
 hifh. Our farmers paid f 1.50 a bushel and hauled them from Dubuque. One 
 of the Delhi farmers had secured some, and, to make them ' go ' as far as possi- 
 ble, was planting them in Eastern style — -in rows about four feet apart and about 
 the same distance apart in the row. A neighbor, happening along, noticed the 
 fact, and said, ' What makes you plant your potatoes so far apart ? you're fool- 
 ish to waste land in that way.' The potato planter paused in his work, looked 
 at his neighbor a moment and exclaimed, ' Waste land ? H — 11 ! what's the use 
 to talk about wasting land at $1.25 an acre when potatoes are $1.50 a bushel? ' " 
 
 The levy of taxes for 1852 was as follows : State, 1| mills ; county, 6 
 mills ; for roads, 1 mill ; for schools, 1 mill, and a poll tax of $2.50. 
 
 Zina A. Wellman was appointed Prosecuting Attorney by the County Court. 
 
 The amount of school money for distribution among the several districts in 
 the county, in 1852, was $550.58. Three estates Avere admitted to probate, 
 viz. : Those of N. P. Dillon, William Siston and Convill. 
 
 In November, 1852, occurred the third Presidential election since the 
 organization of the county ; but of the preceding elections no record was kept ; 
 at least none are now to be found. At the election on the 5th of April, Joel 
 Bailey was elected School Fund Commissioner, over John Benson, by a vote of 
 263 to 126 — total vote, 389. At the election. Buck Creek Township returned 
 33 votes. At the November election, the following returns were made : 
 
 
 WiNFiELD Scott. 
 
 Franklin Piebce. 
 
 J. P. Hale. 
 
 Colony 
 
 68 
 23 
 39 
 30 
 10 
 28 
 8 
 14 
 13 
 
 44 
 21 
 
 67 
 17 
 3 
 8 
 19 
 10 
 15 
 
 
 North Fork 
 
 
 Delhi 
 
 10 
 
 South Fork 
 
 York 
 
 . 
 
 Union 
 
 3 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Col il water 
 
 
 Richland 
 
 
 
 
 
 233 
 
 204 
 
 18 
 
 Total vote, 455. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 387 
 
 January 3, 1853, the County Court, Judge Benson, provided for the pay- 
 ment in full of the money borrowed of Lawrence McNamee in 18i6, with which 
 to enter the county seat. 
 
 TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. 
 
 February 26th, the County Court established the boundaries of the civil 
 townships in the county as follows : 
 
 It being deemed necessary to make a general alteration in the boundaries of the townships 
 of Delaware County, for the reason that the Assessors could not know what land to assess along 
 the lines where creeks and roads were the boundaries, therefore, under the present arrange- 
 ments, it (is) Ordered, that 
 
 Colony Township shall consist of Congressional Township No. 90 north of Range 3 west, 
 and the north half of Township 80 north, Range 3 west. 
 
 York Township is composed of the north half of Township 90 north of Range 5 west. 
 Cold water is composed of the south half of Township 90, and Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, 
 n Township 89 north of Range .5 west. 
 
 Richland is composed of Township 90 north of Range 6 west 
 
 Delaware is composed of Township 89 north of Range 6, and Township 89, Range 5 west, 
 except Sections 1, 2, .3, •!, 5 and 6, which are attached to Coldwater. 
 
 North Fork is composed of Township 88, and the south half of Township 89 north of Range 
 3 west. 
 
 South Fork is composed of Township 87, Range 3, and Sections 1, 12, 13, 24, 25 and 26, in 
 ownship 87 north of Range 4 west. 
 
 Union Township is composed of Township 87, Range 6 west ; Township 87, Range o and 
 ownship 87, Range 4, except Sections 1, 12, 13, 24, 2.5 and 36, which are attached to South 
 ork. 
 
 Delhi Township is composed of Township 88, Range 4 ; Township 88, Range 5 ; Township 
 8, Range 6 ; and the south half of Township 89 north of Range 4 west. 
 
 At the April election, 1853, the whole number of votes polled in the county 
 was 382. The people voted to allow sheep and swine to run at large by a large 
 majority. 
 
 In November, Thomas Green, a pauper likely to become a public charge, 
 was allowed $25 to enable him to return to Pennsylvania. 
 
 During this year, the first newspaper in the county was established at Delhi 
 by Datus E. Coon, of which further mention is made elsewhere. 
 
 COURT HOUSE COMPLETED. 
 
 During 1853, the new Court House and jail building was completed, it is 
 said Avithout the necessity of a tax levy, being paid for with town lots and 
 county orders. The payment of the latter, however, when made, was by the tax- 
 payers of the county. One term of court was held in the stone basement of 
 Hook's building, before the new house was ready for occupation. 
 
 The old log Court House was now sold. It had served a good purpose ; had 
 been used for court purposes, as a school house, church, and for all the various 
 purposes of a community having no other building for public purposes ; and. 
 besides, it frequently furnished a temporary home for immigrants, until they 
 could build their cabins. It should have been preserved, as long as it would 
 stand, as a monument of the early history of the county ; at least, when it was 
 removed, some sort of a monument should have been placed on the spot where 
 the first court in the county was held, where the people erected it themselves, 
 without tax, by voluntary contributions of labor, precisely as they built their 
 cabins, by helping each other. But in 1857, J. M. Noble, the then owner, sold 
 it to Joel Bailey, for f 25.00, who used it for a stable for several years, until 
 
388 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 about 1801, when he received $10.00 for it, from W. A. Heath, who found 
 the dry hickory logs of wliich it was built made excellent fire-wood; and now, 
 1878. not a vestige of it remains. 
 
 The entire absence of the poll books, and various other valuable records, 
 prior to the occupation of the new Court House, leads to the inference that they 
 were boxed up and stowed away, and forgotten ; or, what is more probable, de- 
 stroved. 
 
 In the Spring of 1853, Jane and Eliza Scott, who had been visiting their 
 parents, who lived near the old town of Delaware Center, above Manchester, 
 were returning to Delhi, Avhere they were employed. When they reached 
 Spring Branch, about a mile above Bailey's, the stream was very high ; but, 
 without realizing the danger, they attempted to ford it, as usual. The horse 
 and wagon, Avith its occupants, were sw^ept into the "Deep Hole," just below, 
 and the horse was droAvned. One of thegirls was swept by the current to the 
 shore ; the other was drawn into the eddy, where she was carried round by the 
 circling waters, until her sister succeeded in reaching her with a pole, and drew 
 her to the shore. 
 
 Both were much exhausted, and started through the snow and water, 
 hoping to reach Bailey's cabin, at the ford. One of them did, but was so 
 far gone when she reached there that she could not speak for a time. As 
 soon as she had sufficiently recovered to tell her story, Mr. Bailey and his 
 ''hired man" started to find the other one, and found her about half a mile 
 from the house, utterly exhausted, on her hands and knees, in a pool of w^ater. 
 She was insensible, and was so heavy withal that Mr. Bailey says it was impos- 
 sible for two men to carry her. Fortunately, Mr. Lillibridge, who had heard 
 the screams of the girls and had started on horseback, arrived at that moment, 
 and they succeeded in lifting the insensible girl on to the horse, where Mr. Lil- 
 libridg-e balanced her body in front of him, like a sack of corn, and carried her 
 to Bailey's. Mr. and Mrs. Bailey, by unremitting exertions for several hours, 
 at last succeeded in restoring the poor girl to consciousness, but it was a nar- 
 row escape. Soon after, Dr. Acers, who was opportunely passing, was hailed 
 by Mr. Bailey, called in and gave the necessary medical advice and assistance. 
 
 June 11. 1853, the constitution of " The Farmers' and Mechanics' Mercan- 
 tile Association, of Delaware and Clayton Counties," was filed for record in the 
 Recorder's office. It was preserved among some old papers in the County 
 Treasurer's office, at Delhi, but no names are attached to it. This association 
 was organized in 1853, at Yankee Settlement, by Rev. H. N. Gates, Daniel B. 
 Noble, Mr. Seward and others. The object of the Association was to establish 
 and run a store on the co-operative plan, selling shares at |10 each. Accord- 
 ingly, the store was started at Yankee Settlement, now called Edgewood, 
 under the name of " The Union Store." It did not survive long, however, and 
 closed its doors at the end of its second year, having used up all its capital and 
 $200 additional. 
 
 The first stone school house in Delaware County, was erected in 1853, near 
 Bailey's Ford. Subsequently, some parties wanted the school house in another 
 place ; others wanted the district divided. At last the stone school house was 
 burned, the district was divided and peace reigned. The ruins of this house are 
 still to be seen on the wayside, a short distance east of Bailey's Ford. 
 
 The post office at Delaware Center (Acersville) was established Oct. 1, 1853. 
 
 At the election in April, 1854, Peter Case was elected School Fund Com- 
 missioner. Mr. Case was an honest, upright man. He died in poverty, at 
 Wavcrlv, some vears ago. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 389 
 
 AN IMPORTANT LAND CASE. 
 
 The errors made by Mr. Porter, who attempted to subdivide the northern 
 townships in the county, in 1837, gave rise to numerous disputes, much ill 
 feeling and litigation. A single example will suffice to illustrate the principles 
 involved. 
 
 The case of Moreland vs. Page is, probably, the most notable civil action on 
 the early court records of the county. Moreland owned a quarter section of 
 land in Section 4, Colony Township, and Page owned the land abutting on the 
 north. Both parties entered their lands under the survey of 1837, but the lands 
 in dispute were re-surveyed by Edward James, under authority of the Gen- 
 eral Land Office, in 1852, and the dividing line between Moreland and Page 
 was made to fall tAvo and a half chains south of the original lii^e. James was 
 unable to find several monuments indicated by the survey of 1837, and that 
 survey was characterized by both the Land Office and the Iowa Supreme 
 Court as imaginary and fraudulent. Moreland brought action to recover the 
 land sliced off by the second survey, which was commenced A\)Yi\ 8th, 1854. 
 The District Court found for Moreland, but Page appealed to the Supreme Court, 
 which reversed the decision of the court below. Judge Isbell, summing up for 
 the Supreme Court, said the lands in dispute were to be governed by the rules 
 applying in case of a lost survey, wherein course and distance must yield to 
 fixed monuments, that all ascertained surrounding monuments must have their 
 due weight, and that the variations from the old survey between the monuments 
 must be evenly distributed. The case was determined at the December term of 
 the Supreme Court, 1855, at Iowa City. The case was afterward appealed to 
 the Supreme Court of the United States, but was dismissed on the ground that 
 that court had no jurisdiction. 
 
 There were thirty-five cases on the docket at the June term of the District 
 Court. Four of these were indictments for selling intoxicating liquors contrary 
 to law. There were six applications for divorce from six suffering mortals who 
 had found (or thought they had) the burdens of matrimony too heavy to bear. 
 These were J. T. Curtis, Michael Bratt, Robert Kennedy, John Cowles, 
 Elizabeth Michaels and James E. Henderson. At this lerm, D. Baker was 
 District Attorney, and among the lawyers at the bar were A. K. Eaton, J. H. 
 Peters, Z. A. Wellman, S. R. Peet and A. E. House, beside several attorneys . 
 from Dubuque, among whom were B. M. Samuels and Wm. Vandever. 
 
 At the August election, 660 votes were polled in the county. For Governor, 
 James W. Grimes had a majority of 83 over his competitor, Curtis Bates. 
 
 James Robinson entered land in Township 88, Range 6 (Prairie), and in the 
 following year John S. Barry and J. F. McKay entered land in the same town- 
 ship. 
 
 Sept. 4, Edwin Adams, a native of England, was naturalized by the County 
 Court, which was thought by some to have been an illegal act, as it was alleged 
 that the County Judge transcended his authority. 
 
 The town of Greeley, on the northwest quarter of northeast quarter of Sec- 
 tion 29, Township 90 — 5, was surveyed August 28. 1854, by A. G. Noble, 
 Surveyor ; Samuel Lough, proprietor. Plat recorded February 24, 1855. The 
 first post office at Greeley was established October 30, 1854, and was called 
 "Plum Spring." The name of the office was changed to Greeley in 1863. 
 
 Delaware Center, on south half of northeast quarter. Section 19, ToAvnship 
 89 — 5, was laid out November, 1854 ; John Acers, proprietor. This town was 
 generally called Acersville by the people. 
 
390 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Forestville, on northeast quarter of Section 22, 90 — 6, was surveyed by 
 Joel Bailey, April 4, 1854 ; Daniel Leonard and Sarah A. Leonard, proprietors. 
 Recorded July 19, 1856. The Forestville post office was established in 1851. 
 
 On Monday, May 2, 1854, delegates from the different townships met at 
 Delhi to appoint delegates to the Ship Canal Convention at Dubuque. James 
 Uardv was chosen Chairman, and A. E. Martin, Secretary. The following 
 delegates were appointed : T. H. Bowen, South Fork ; Joseph Grimes, Colony; 
 C. Sanborn, Oneida ; S. F. Parker, Delhi ; L. A. Loomis, Delaware, and Jesse 
 B. Bailey, of North Fork. 
 
 INCORPORATION OF DELHI. 
 
 In 1855, Delhi, the county seat, Avas a thriving village, and during this 
 and the next year — in fact, until the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad was 
 located, and it was certain that it would not pass through the capital of Dela- 
 ■ware — Delhi was one of the most promising towns in this part of the State. 
 The town had assumed such proportions, and its future was so promising that 
 early in January the citizens petitioned the County Court for incorporation. 
 The Judge ordered an election to be held on the 15th, to determine whether 
 incorporation was desired by the voters. Wm. F. Tanner, William Phillips and 
 George Sheldon Avere appointed Judges of the Election, which resulted in a 
 unanimous vote in favor of incorporation. Another election was ordered to be held 
 January 27th, to elect five persons to prepare a charter or articles of incorporation. 
 Arial K. Eaton, Samuel F. Parker, James Wright, E. K. Griffin and Daniel 
 Baker were elected, who prepared the charter, which was submitted and ac- 
 cepted by the people at a meeting held February 28th. Arial K. Eaton was 
 elected Mayor, succeeded by S. G. Van Anda, during whose term of office, the 
 town organization was abandoned. 
 
 February 7th, Delaware Township was divided by order of the County Court, 
 and Township 89 north. Range 6 west, was " set off into a separate township for 
 political purposes, under the name and title of " Coffin's Grove," and the school 
 house in Coffin's Grove was designated as the place for holding elections, and war- 
 rant issued to Clement Coffin, a citizen of said township, according to law. 
 
 February 19th, Judge Benson resigned. A. K. Eaton was acting County 
 Judge until April, when Frederick B. Doolittle was elected to fill the vacancy. 
 
 The town of Burrington was surveyed in the Spring of 1855. The survey 
 commenced in 1854, I. N. Higbee, Surveyor. James Dyer, Ann Dyer, 0. P. 
 Reeves, Almeda C. Reeves, proprietors, relinquished streets and alleys according 
 to law, February 25, 1856 ; recorded March 13, 1856. The first hotel built 
 in Burrington was the old Clarence House, in 1855, by Thomas Toogood 
 and Francis Bethell. Several other buildings were erected during the same 
 year. (See Manchester). 
 
 At the election, April 2, 1855, the people of Delaware voted " for and against 
 the Prohibitory Li(juor Law, approved January 22, 1855. The vote was as follows : 
 
 L'nion .". 33 for. 28 ao'st. 
 
 South Fork 71 IQ 
 
 Delhi 101 54 
 
 North Fork 35 ig 
 
 <'"lony 89 25 
 
 •^11< 56 8 
 
 "olii water 27 7 
 
 York 29 13 
 
 Riclilaiul 11 34 
 
 Dehiwiire 95 17 
 
 Coffin's Grove 24 1 
 
 Total 501 215 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 391 
 
 Chelcy (Chelsea), a part of Section 33, Township 87 north, Range 4, was 
 laid out April 25, 1855, by J. A. Marvin, Surveyor; Robert Hogg, Lyman D. 
 Cross and John A. Squires, proprietors. It never throve, and the site of the 
 town now yields excellent crops of corn. 
 
 In July, 1855, Dr. Albert Boomer, of Delhi, was appointed county agent 
 for the sale of spirituous liquors. He entered upon and discharged his duties, 
 as appears of recoi'd. August 29th, William Cattron was appointed liquor 
 agent and $300 placed in his hands for the purchase of stock. After about 
 three months' experience, he resigned in disgust, as sickness among men and 
 horses increased to an alarming extent. 
 
 The brick 'building known as the Harding Hotel was erected by Charles 
 Harding in 1855-6. 
 
 A RAILROAD STRANGLED. 
 
 July 10, 1855, the articles of incorporation of the Delaware County & 
 Pacific Railroad Company were filed for record. The corporators were Charles 
 Harding, Frederick B. Doolittle, Arial K. Eaton, John W. Clark, Charles W. 
 Hobbs, Zina A. Wellman, James Wright, John H. Peters and John H. Porter, 
 and the company was organized for the purpose of " constructing a railroad, 
 commencing at the east line of Delaware County, thence westerly on the best 
 route through the town of Delhi to the Pacific Ocean." 
 
 In September, Judge Doolittle ordered an election to be held on the 22d day 
 of October, to see if the people of the county would vote to subscribe for $200,- 
 000 of the stock of the company, and issue a like amount of county bonds, 
 bearing interest, not to exceed eight per cent, per annum, to helmet by a six 
 mill tax annually. This tax at the end of fifteen years to be increased to one 
 per cent., to provide for the payment of the principal. At the election, October 
 22, the people emphatically rejected the proposition by a vote of 708 to 260. 
 The vote of Delhi was 190 in favor to 20 against. Delaware, Coffin's Grove, 
 Richland and Colony voted unanimously against the proposition. 
 
 September 29th, the County Court ordered and decreed that Township 87 
 N., Range 6 W., be set ofi" into a separate township for political purposes, to be 
 called "Adams," to take effect on the first Monday of April, 1856. On the 
 same day. Townships 89 north. Range 3, and 89 north, Range 4, were erected 
 into a new township to be called "Oneida," the organization to take effect on 
 the 1st day of April, 1856. 
 
 THE RAILROAD QUESTION. 
 
 The railroad question had now become one of absorbing interest to the peo- 
 ple of the county, and during this and the next year, created much excitement 
 and not a little ill feeling. Delhi was a lively, thrifty town, one of the important 
 points and stopping places on the great stage road from Dubuque westward. 
 Business was lively, money was plenty and everybody was prosperous. Of 
 course, the enterprising citizens of the county seat understood that if the pro- 
 jected railroad should not pass through Delhi, it would be necessarily fatal to 
 their continued prosperity and they would have nothing left save their Court 
 House and jail, but, singularly enough, for a time they did not seem to compre- 
 hend the possibility of such an event. They appeared to think that a railroad 
 through Delaware without Delhi, was like the play of Hamlet with Hamlet left 
 ■out, and they did not awake from their delusion until it was too late. It is said 
 that a committee of citizens of Delhi, of which Charles Harding was one, went 
 
392 HISTORY OF Delaware county 
 
 to Dyersville to confer Avitli the railroad officials in relation to the matter. The 
 location of the road had then been definitely determined from Dubuque to 
 Dyersville, but beyond that it was said that the question was still an open one, 
 and it is also saiddiat Delhi might still have secured the road by a liberal dona- 
 tion. Judge Doolittle states that they offered |50,000, but that this was not 
 considered sufficient and they could do no more. It is said, however, that, at 
 the conference above mentioned, when they found that the road was perma- 
 nently located to Dyersville, Mr. Harding and his associates coolly informed the 
 officers of the road that "if Delhi couldn't have a railroad without having it 
 from Dyersville, Delhi didn't want it at all." It does not seem possible that 
 business men could take such a view of the matter, and yet it is gravely asserted 
 that such was the position of the Delhi committee. Whether true or not, the 
 people of Delhi soon discovered that their town was not to be on the line of the 
 road, and during the Winter of 1855-56, a delegation of its citizens were in 
 attendance upon the Legislature endeavoring to prevent the Federal grant of 
 lands to the State to aid in the construction of the road from being turned over 
 to the company by the State, unless the contemplated act should provide that 
 Delhi and some other important towns should be stations on the road. The 
 lobby agent of the road, however, defeated their efforts and Delhi and its pros- 
 pects i-eceived a blow from which it has never recovered, although the completion 
 of the Davenport &; St. Paul Railroad to this point in 1872 has aided it some- 
 what and is an important element in retaining the county seat at that point. 
 
 The Delaware Agricultural Society was incorporated at Delhi in 1855, and 
 held annual fairs for several years, until the war, commencing in 1861, inter- 
 rupted its operations. 
 
 BROOM CORN. 
 
 In 1855, James H. Bowen, then of Albany, New York, marked out Iowa 
 as a locality for raising broom corn ef^ual to the Mohawk flats, and in that be- 
 lief, secured the services of Samuel Dickerson, of Schoharie County, New^ York, 
 to inaugurate the business on his tract of land near Hopkinton. He procured 
 the best machinery that could be found, including the "Emery Horse Power," 
 for scraping, and sent the requisite seed at once. The first crop was raised in 
 1856, and worked up the Fall and Winter following. Mr. Crosby began about 
 the same time, in the northern part of the county, in the same business. Mr. 
 Bowen continued cvdtivating brush and manufacturing until 1859, when 
 Thomas Cearnes embarked in it. In the meantime, Mr. John Towner, an 
 experienced manufacturer, had been employed by Mr. Bowen, and from him 
 Messrs. McLeod, Phillips, Willard, Fields and some others learned the art of 
 making brooms. 
 
 In March, 1856, S. P. Mosher and others petitioned the County Court for 
 the erection of a new township, to be composed of Congressional Townships 88, 
 Range 5, and 88, Range 6, and to be called Pleasant Valley. The Judge 
 granted the request, but thought the name " Milo " would suit the people better 
 than the name they asked for, and so ordered. 
 
 MURDER IN DELHI. 
 
 On the 10th of March, 1856, murder flashed its red hand in Delhi. It 
 was the result of professional jealousy between physicians and the ungovernable 
 passions growing out of it. Drs. C. C. Sharp and Joshua F. Stout were prac- 
 ticing physicians of Delhi. A condition of acrimonious bitterness existed 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 39^ 
 
 between them, especially on the part of Sharp, who apparently cherished a vin- 
 dictive animosity against his professional rival, which culminated in a fatal 
 assault on the 10th. Dr. Sharp entered the store of Edmund Davis, where Dr. 
 Stout was sitting quietly, and, after some very abusive language addressed to 
 his rival, stabbed him twice in the chest with a dirk knife. Stout died on the 
 16th from the effects of his wounds. Sharp was arrested on the 19th, by Dep- 
 uty Sheriff" S. F. Parker, on complaint of Dr. Acers, Stout's brother-in-law. 
 The murderer was tried, convicted and sentenced to the penitentiary, from which 
 he afterward escaped and fled to Tennessee. Sheriff" Parker followed and dis- 
 covered him, obtained a requisition upon Gov. Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, 
 who granted the necessary papers, arrested the fugitive and returned him to his 
 quarters. Subsequently, Sharp was pardoned by Gov. Grimes. 
 
 A post office was established at Burrington, April 8, 1856, but the Post- 
 master General refused to call it Burrington, because that Avould be so nearly 
 like Burlington, and at the instance of Judge Dyer it was called Manchester. 
 0. P. Reeves was appointed Postmaster. 
 
 May 7, 1856, J. A. Marvin, a school teacher, at Rockville, had some trouble 
 with one of his pupils, a stout, muscular young lady, who imagined she could 
 manage the school for him better than he could do it himself. She thought she 
 could manage him, also, and undertook to "thrash" him or turn him out, but 
 was worsted and was whipped herself. She entered complaint against him for 
 assault and battery and he was arrested, tried, convicted and fined, but was com- 
 mitted, as he preferred the jail rather than to pay his fine. He made applica- 
 tion for a writ of habeas corpus, but was denied by the County Court and 
 finally concluded to pay his fine. 
 
 In the Spring of 1856, several Congregational families, among whom were 
 Rev. J. H. Kasson, Rev. H. N. Gates, Daniel B. Noble, L. 0. Stevens and 
 F. VV. Dunham, located a settlement, called the Staff"ord Colony, on and near 
 Section 11, Township 89, Range 4, and called it Almoral (see Almoral). 
 
 The Dubuque & Pacific Railroad was completed to the east line of the county, 
 at Dyersville, in 1856, by Magill & Co., contractors, and was of great advantage 
 to the people, whose market for grain and stock was brought thirty miles nearer 
 than Dubuque. This was a year of great prosperity, not only in DelaAvare, but 
 everywhere throughout the Great West. The heavy immigration of 1854 and 
 '55, which still continued, created an excellent home market for all kinds of 
 produce, and the hardy pioneers, who had paved the way for all this prosperity, 
 were beginning to receive some reward for their years of toil and privation. 
 Money was plenty, labor was in active demand at good prices, towns were grow- 
 ing, farms improving and even beggars were getting rich. During these years 
 of flush times and business activity, three-fourths of the land in Delaware 
 was entered. 
 
 At the August election, 891 votes were polled and in November, John H. 
 Peters was elected a Delegate to the Third Constitutional Convention from the 
 counties of Delaware and Dubuque. 
 
 When the railroad was completed to Dyersville in the Winter of 1856-7, M ' 
 0. Walker, the proprietor of the Northwestern Stage Line from Dubuque to Sf 
 Paul, commenced running from Dyersville, via Burrington and Forestville, to 
 Strawberry Point, W^est Union, etc. The Western Mail Stage Company 
 running a line of mail and passenger coaches from Dubuque via Rockville 
 Delhi, Bailey's Ford, Coffin's Grove to Quasqueton and Independence, also 
 changed the eastern terminus of its line from Dubuque to Dyersville. This 
 company had previously promised the people at Burrington, that it would put a 
 
394 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 staf-e line from Dyersville via Burrington direct to Independence, over a more 
 direct route than the mail stages were compelled to travel, but the promise was 
 not fulfilled. During the Winter, through the influence of Judge Dyer and 
 otheri. and the active efforts of the leading men at Burrington, parties at Dyers- 
 ville and Independence were induced to organize a new stage company, and in 
 the Spring of 18o7, the " People's Line " of stages commenced running from 
 Dyersville' to Independence by way of Burrington ; the people along the line 
 volunteered to make the way passable, by filling up or bridging the sloughs, 
 etc. The new line at once drew the travel from the old mail route through 
 Delhi, and very soon the Western Stage Company withdrew its coaches from 
 that route and placed them on the Burrington road to run in opposition to 
 the '' People's Line," and transported the mail over the mail route by single 
 wacrons. The " People's Line " run about a year and suspended, and soon after- 
 ward, the completion of the railroad sent stage coaches into permanent retire- 
 ment, although the Northwestern Stage Line made Manchester its southeastern 
 terminus for some time after. 
 
 March 2, 1857, Congressional Township 87 north, Range 5, was set apart 
 as a township for political purposes and called Hazel Green. 
 
 At the April election, the question of licensing the sale of spirituous or 
 intoxicating liquors was submitted to the people. The majority against the 
 measure was 443. 
 
 The town of York, located on northwest quarter of northeast quarter, and 
 northeast quarter of northwest quarter of Section 9, Township 90 north, Range 
 5 W., was laid out by Geo. W. Stewart and Clarissa M. Stewart, proprietors ; W. 
 R. Stewart, surveyor, May, 1857. 
 
 Nottingham (Earlville), on Sections 35 and 36, Township 89 north. Range 
 4 W,, was laid out October, 1857, by the loAva Land Company — R. B. Mason, 
 President. Plat filed October 22, and approved for record in December. The 
 post office at Nottingham is called Earlville, and there appears to have been an 
 effort to change the name of the town to correspond, although no record appears, 
 but in 1861, by order of Judge Bailey, the name was changed again to Not- 
 tingham. 
 
 Almoral, on Section 11, Township 89 north. Range 4 W., was laid out Novem- 
 ber 23, 1857 ; James H. Kasson and Mary S. Kasson, proprietors ; F. W. 
 Dunham, surveyor. 
 
 The Delhi Seminary filed articles of incorporation for record June 8, 1857. 
 The corporators were James Wright, Z. A. Wellman, F. B. Doolittle, Albert 
 Boomer, John Porter, Andrew Stone, B. Thorpe, W. R. Cox, E. A. Gilmore, 
 Lewis Beal, J. H. Spellraan, E. C. Taylor, Elisha Brady and James M. Noble. 
 The Almoral Institute, corporators, J. II. Kasson, L. 0. Stevens, Joseph 
 Dunham, W. G. Strickland, H. N. Gates, Elijah Gates, John A. G. Cattron 
 and David Roland; articles of incorporation filed for record December 1, 1857. 
 Limited to twenty years. 
 
 June 30, 1857, the Great Northwest Railway Company filed a petition in 
 the County Court, asking that an election be ordered to see if the county would 
 vote to aid in the construction of that road across the county. This was a 
 company originating at Delhi, growing out of the Delaware & Pacific scheme, it 
 is said, for the purpose of throttling the Dubu(jue & Pacific Road, which had left 
 Delhi f»ut in the cold. The idea of the bold projectors of the scheme appears 
 to have been to make Galena, 111., the eastern terminus, thence by way of Tete 
 de Morts and crossing Delaware from near its southeast corner to the northwest, 
 \)as.sing within three-fourths of a mile of Delhi. Mr. Ayers, in his " Early 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 395 
 
 Times," remarks : ''It would have saved Galena the pre-eminence it then 
 enjoyed, if its people had taken hold of the project." This company asked that 
 the county loan its credit for $250,000 to aid in constructing the line across its 
 territory. The County Judge, Doolittle, ordered an election to be held on the 
 first Monday in August at the general election, upon the following issue : 
 
 Will the county of Delaware loan the credit of said county to the Great Northwestern Rail- 
 road (::ompany to the amount of $-250,000, by issuing and delivering county bonds of said county 
 to this amount to said railroad company, for the purpose of aiding in the construction of that 
 portion of said road which shall be located through the county aforesaid ? 
 
 At the election, the township of Delhi voted in favor of the proposition 
 244 to 1, and Delaware went the other way 118 to 13. The measure was. 
 defeated in the county, however, the total vote being 791 against to 657 for. 
 
 xYe^^ County Building. — The county was now sadly in need of more room 
 for its officers. The Court House, while it had served and still served all the 
 purposes of court room and jail as well, perhaps, as a more expensive structure, 
 was entirely too small to afford proper accommodations for its officials, and it 
 was found absolutely necessary to make provision for them. Judge Doolittle 
 therefore provided for the erection of a substantial two-story brick building on 
 the northeast corner of the Court House Square, at a contract price of $5,000. 
 The building was erected, but the roof was not put on when Judge Doolittle 
 went out of office, and it was finished by his successor, who paid but little atten- 
 tion to the work, and the roof was such a " botched "job that the next year it 
 became necessary to remove it and construct a new one. The building contains 
 four large rooms. The Clerk of the Court and the Treasurer occupy the lower 
 floor, and the Auditor and Recorder the second story. Its style of architec- 
 ture is unique and antiquated, bearing some faint resemblance to the castellated 
 battlements of feudal ages, without, however, possessing any of their beauty or 
 grandeur. It, however, serves the purpose for which it was designed, and with 
 its floor covered with sheet iron, is just as good, practically, as a more imposing 
 structure with marble floors. 
 
 July 6, 1857, Congressional Township 89 north, Range 3 W.,was established 
 as a political township and called Bremen, and George W. Harper, Constable, 
 posted and served the notices of the court. 
 
 At the general election in August, 1874, votes were polled, showing a rapid 
 increase of population. 
 
 If Delhi had passed the zenith of its prosperity and commenced its decline, 
 Burrington, now Manchester, began to manifest symptoms of the growth since 
 realized. Projected originally on '^ fog," as one of the early settlers of the 
 town expressively terms it, as'^many of the western tow^ns were projected about 
 that time, the certainty that the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad would pass near 
 or through it gave the town a substantial basis, and at the close of the year 
 1857 there were fifteen or twenty buildings in the little village. 
 
 The gigantic bubble of speculation, which, as has been seen, inflated so rap- 
 idly in 1855-56, suddenly burst and collapsed in 1857. The failure of the 
 Ohio Life and Trust Company in August of that year was the first crash that her- 
 alded the coming financial panic, and in three weeks from that time the most of 
 the banks had closed and everybody became as timid and frightened as they had 
 been bold and confident before. All financial confidence was gone. Specie 
 disappeared and bank notes depreciated and were driven home. The life blood 
 of the nation, its circulating medium of exchange, had ceased to circulate, and 
 universal disaster and ruin followed. Numerous merchants and dealers in Dela- 
 ware were forced to yield to the storm and were closed out by their creditors. 
 
39G HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 The harvests of Delaware were bounteous. The farmers had good crops of 
 grain, but the dealers liad no money and they could not sell it, and it was 
 almost impossible for them to obtain money enough to pay their taxes. It was 
 not easy to exchange wheat for groceries even at fifty cents a bushel. The 
 o-roceryman had hisgoods to pay for, wheat was not legal tender and he could 
 sell it no better than the farmer. Other products of the farm were eijually 
 unsalable, and the farmer's wife was compelled to give two pounds of butter 
 for a yard of calico. With the disappearance of specie, dealers who were able 
 to keep their own heads above water partially supplied the local necessity for 
 some convenient medium of exchange by issuing tokens of their own credit for 
 small amounts, redeemable in goods, or cash, on presentation in sums of five dol- 
 lars. Wood was worth ^2,00 a cord and pork sold for $1.75 per cwt. in Man- 
 chester, twenty years ago. To illustrate the scarcity of currency, it is said 
 that T. H. Bowen paid 10 per cent, for New York exchange. 
 
 The Winter of 1857-58 is remembered for its deep snows and cold weather. 
 From the 1st day of December, 1857, until late in March, 1858, more than 
 two feet of snow covered the ground, in marked contrast with the Winter of 
 1877-78, when the ground was hardly covered with snow at any time. In 
 January, 1858, a few sunny days and freezing nights covered the surface of the 
 snow with a thick crust of ice, strong enough to bear a man, but the sharp 
 hoofs of the deer would cut through it, and these animals were frequently killed 
 at short range in the northern part of the county during that Winter. 
 They could not run and were easily approached. During this Winter, one 
 Monday morning, Mr. — — — Shultz, living in Richland Township, went to 
 visit Frederick Preussner, who lived about a mile away. Toward night, Shultz's 
 son also Avent to Preussner's, probably to accompany his father home, and it 
 being a mild day, he went without his coat. Before they started for home, 
 night had fallen, snow commenced falling and the storm became so severe that 
 they lost their way. The next morning, as they had not reached home, Mr. 
 Shultz's other sons went to Preussner's to inquire for their missing father and 
 brother, hoping to find them there. The storm continued with unabated severity 
 nearly all day, and it was nearly night before the neighboring settlers could be 
 notified. Search was made, and on Wednesday morning the boy was found dead, 
 about a mile southeast of Preussner's. He had his father's coat on. The 
 father, in his paternal affection for his suffering child, who had left home with- 
 out a coat, had taken off his own that his son might be protected. Shultz was 
 not found until Friday, when his frozen body was discovered a short distance 
 north of Aaron Sullivan's, in Coffin's Grove Township. The searching party 
 found, upon tracking him, that probably during the first night he had passed 
 within a few rods of his own door. 
 
 The Dubu((ue & Pacific Railroad Avas completed to Nottingham, and the 
 first train ran to that point December 10, 1857, and that town Avas the Avestern 
 terminus of the road f<)r about tAvo years. 
 
 The first Sabbath school in Adams Township Avas organized in 1857, at the 
 log school house near James Robinson's residence. 
 
 In 1857, the Dubuque & SouthAvestern Railroad was surveyed, and the 
 present site of Sand Spring was selected for a station. Asa C. Bowen sold to 
 the Company the undivided lialf of his farm for a toAvn site, and three buildings 
 were put up that Fall. 
 
 Sand Spring, located on Sections 27 and 28, ToAvnship 87, Range 8, was 
 laid out March 26, 1858, Truman H. Bowen and Lucius H. Langworthy, pro- 
 prietors, and tlie ncAv toAvn Avas designated as a station on the Dubrnjue & 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 397 
 
 Southwestern Railroad, which was built to within two miles of the town the 
 following Autumn and completed through the county in the Spring of 1859, 
 The town received its name from a large spring of water in the sand in the 
 town. 
 
 March 3, 1858, on petition of John S. Barry and others, the County Court 
 sec off Congressional Township 88, Range 6, as a political township and named 
 it ''Prairie." September 13, on petition of T. Crosby and others, the six 
 southern sections of Coldwater, being the northern tier of sections in Township 
 89, Range 5, were annexed to Delaware. September 16, on petition of George 
 W. Stewart and 0. S. Boggs, the townships of Coldwater and York were united 
 and the new township was named '' Honey Creek." The election was ordered 
 to be held at the house of Caspar Dunham, who is remembered by the early 
 settlers as a pump maker. Dunham failed in business and removed to Oregon 
 prior to 1860, where he was, for a time, Secretary of State. 
 
 Manchester, including within its limits the town of Burrington, which now 
 ceased to exist, was laid out by the Iowa Land Company, R. B. Mason, Presi- 
 dent, and H. D. Kingsbury, Secretary, and plat approved and recorded March 
 20, 1858. The town was named in honor of Manchester, England, by James 
 Dyer, who was a native of England, two years before, when the post office Avas 
 established and called Manchester. 
 
 Masonville, on the line of the railroad, on the northeast quarter of Section 
 31, Township 89, Range 6 (Cofiin's Grove), was laid out by Francis Daniels 
 and Iowa Land Company, J. P. Farley, President, plat recorded July 1, 1858. 
 Named in honor of R. B. Mason, the then late President of the Iowa Land 
 Company. 
 
 Millheira, on the southeast quarter of northeast quarter of Section 3, Town- 
 89, Range 5 (Delaware), was surveyed July 21, 1858, by W. R. Stewart, John 
 Kaltenbach and Maria Kaltenbach, proprietors. This town started on "fog," 
 as Burrington was, held its own and never realized the hopes of its sanguine 
 founders. It was named by Mr. Kaltenbach in honor of his native town in 
 Baden, Germany. It is sometimes called Dutchtown- 
 
 Hartwick, about two miles southwest of Delhi, on the northwest corner of 
 Section 30, in a bend of the Maquoketa, was laid out in December, 1858, John 
 W, Clark and Miriam Clark, proprietors. 
 
 One morning during the Winter of 1857-8, Mr. Kellogg, jailer at 
 
 Delhi, was found dead in his bed, having been brained with an axe. The mur- 
 der was committed, as shown in evidence, about 3 o'clock in the morning. 
 Mrs. Kellogg was arrested for the crime, but the evidence against her was so 
 slight that she was not indicted. 
 
 Silver Lake, the pride of Delhi, a beautiful sheet of water nearly two miles 
 in circumference, when it was meandered by Mr. Bailey in 1837, suddenly dis- 
 appeared in May, 1858, much to the surprise and chagrin of the good people of 
 the town. At the lower end of the lake, the prairie sloped to the southward 
 from the shore or beach, which operated as a natural dam, holding the waters of 
 the lake, which was fed by springs. In May, the water Avas unusually high, 
 overflowed the beach and soon cut a Avide, deep channel through the sandy soil, 
 through Avhich the lake Avas entirely drained, leaving only a tiny spring rivulet 
 running through its former bed. A dam was immediately constructed and the 
 lake was restored, but in January, 1863 this Avas washed out, not having been 
 properly built. This Avas replaced by another, and the lake remained until 
 Nov. 10, 1867, when the dam again went out, and the lake disappeared for the 
 third time. The dam was not rebuilt for several vcars, and the lake bed afforded 
 
;398 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 fine pasturage for cattle until 1872, when another dam was built and the lake 
 again restored as it now (1878) appears. 
 
 The rate of taxation for all purposes for the year 1858 was fixed at nine 
 
 mills. 
 
 Celebration at Mayiehester. — In 1858, the citizens of Manchester celebrated 
 the anniversary of National Independence in grand style. They had made 
 great preparations for the event and invited the people of the whole county to 
 participate. An elaborate programme was prepared, Judge Cooley, of Dubuque, 
 was to deliver the oration and flaming hand bills were sent throughout the 
 county. It was such a big blow for so small a tOAvn that a wag of Manchester, 
 with a keen perception of the ludicrous, prepared a burlesque programme, had 
 it printed and on the morning of the Fifth, the citizens Avoke to find the town 
 thoroughlv " billed." A tattered copy of the document, which became the fea- 
 ture of that occasion, was preserved and following is a copy of it : 
 
 HURRAH FOR THE WHITE RED AND BLUE ! 
 
 GREAT EXCITEMENT IN MANCHESTER! 
 
 The secon'l annual anniversary of the lack of independence under the tyranny of Jim Buchanaji 
 will he celebrated in Manchester, in an affecting manner. 
 
 ORDER OF EXERCISES. 
 
 The day will be ushered in by the sun rising in the east, as usual. After the the day is dead 
 broke, the services will be continiied by the firing of thirteen crackers, to represent the thirteen 
 original States, after which the people will form a procession, headed by the Mayor, President 
 and Vice President of the day. Soldiers of 1812, immediately succeeded by the regular elect aris- 
 tocracy of the town, followed by the military, fire and other companies, citizens, Town Stock, 
 etc., of Manchester, under the direction of the Basswood Lumber Dealer, ^acting as Marshal of the 
 day. The rabble will then trot up street Franklin, until they arrive at the speakers' stand, 
 where a live whang doodle will bore the concourse till satisfied. All will feel patriotic. Powder 
 will be burned and blood spilled, if necessary. No expense will be spared to make it a <lay long 
 to be remembered — a day not soon to be forgotten — a glorious day — a huge old day — in fact, a 
 considerable day. Nourisliment will be furnished in abundance to refresh the inner man, con- 
 sisting of regular and voluntary toasts, raw Dutch and Irishmen, whisky pickled Yankees, kc. 
 
 \ Live Ox Will Go Up in a Balloon in the Afternoon. 
 
 In case all do not feel particularly glorious and patriotic, let it be remembered that the liquor 
 dealers in town have contracted to make the channel of the Maquoketa River run pure whisky, 
 warranted a dead shot at 80 rods. There will be a splendid display of Fire Works in the 
 evening, consisting of Roman Candles, Tallow Candles, Oil Lamps, Fluid Lamps, Firo Flies, 
 &c., &c. 
 
 Distinguished speakers from Delhi, Acerville and Nottingham will be invited. 
 
 RULES OF ORDER. 
 
 It will be expected that ladies will appear defended by Cotton Breast Works, for fear of ex- 
 plosions. It will be considered a breach of Manchester etiquette for ladies and gentlemen to 
 be seen together. On account of the timid, no more crackers will be let off during the day. 
 
 Come one and all and help to commemorate the glorious ■5th in this land of liberty, 
 
 Where the Star Dangled Spanner triumphantly waves. 
 And the ladies wear hogsheadii minus the staves. 
 
 -Admittance to the incorporation of Manchester, 25 cents. 
 Children under ten feet, half price. 
 
 By Order of Committee. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 399" 
 
 When Judge Cooley rose to deliver his address, he carried his audience by 
 storm, by a felicitous allusion to the sensation of the day and by good-humoredly 
 remarking that his hearers would now have an opportunity of listening to a 
 "■live Whang Doodle." After the applause had subsided, he proceeded to pro- 
 nounce a most able and eloquent oration. The occasion will never be forgotten 
 by those who participated the celebration twenty years ago. 
 
 September 1, 1858, the people of Sand Spring, Hopkinton and vicinity 
 celebrated the laying of the first Atlantic cable, at Sand Spring, with Dr. 
 Roberts, of Hopkinton, Dr. Gage and T. H. Bowen, of Sand Spring, for 
 orators. 
 
 A lodge of the order of " Thousand and One" was established at Delhi in 
 
 1858, L. N. Ingalls being mainly instrumental in founding it. Many citizens of 
 the county were taught therein "to see themselves as others see them," and the 
 fun is now confessed to been huge and uproarous. Andrew Stone, it is said, 
 after receiving his degree, begged, with tears in his eyes, to be kicked down 
 stairs. 
 
 In the Winter of 1858-9, the citizens of the county contributed a consid- 
 erable sum of money to assist the people of Kansas, who had lost their crop th& 
 previous Summer by the ravages of grasshoppers. 
 
 In May, 1859, a citizen of Manchester lost a span of horses — supposed to have 
 been stolen — and offered a reward for their recovery. A man named Carl f )und 
 the animals below the town and brought him to his owner. Some of the 
 citizens arrived at the hasty conclusion that Carl was the thief. A few evenings 
 afterward, he was seized by half a dozen men, carried to Allen Love's grove, 
 when a rope was put around his neck, thrown over a limb of a tree, and he was 
 drawn up several times to make him confess to the theft. He was roughly and 
 cruelly treated, but steadily affirmed his innocence. The lynchers, becoming 
 convinced of the truth of his assertions, released him Carl afterward enlisted 
 in the 21st Infantry, and introduced himself to Col. Van Anda as the man who 
 was huno; at Manchester for horse stealing. 
 
 Prairie Township was organized in 1859, and at the October election 20 
 votes were polled. 
 
 The first Sabbath school in Prairie Township was established in May, 1859, 
 at the house of Thomas Hillier. John Nethercut was Superintendent. Among 
 the teachers were Mrs. T. A. Farrington, Mrs. R. M. Matsell, Mrs. Nora 
 McCloud and Mrs. Thomas Hillier ; Mr. Alfred Durey, teacher of the Bible 
 class. 
 
 The Dubuque & Pacific Railway was completed to Manchester in October, 
 
 1859, and to Masonville shortly afterward, on the 22d of October. The first 
 shipment of Avheat over the road from Manchester to Dubuque, was made by J. 
 M. Watson, consigned to Chamberlain at Dubuque, October 6, 1859. 
 
 January 1, 1860, Joel Bailey became County Judge. The credit of the 
 county had now become sound, and county warrants were worth their face in 
 cash. 
 
 By act of the General Assembly, approved March 26, 1860, the County 
 Judge system, which had been tried for ten years, Avas abolished, and a County 
 Board of Supervisors created, consisting of one from each civil township, to be 
 elected in October and assume the duties of their office in January following. 
 By this act, the duties of County Judge were restricted to probate powers. The 
 act went into effect July 4, 1860. 
 
 The first and only execution in Delaware County occurred in 1860. Some 
 time during the previous year, a man named Andrew Ostland had been killed 
 
400 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 in Dubuque. N. A. Johnson was arrested for the murder, and after examination 
 there, took a change of venue to Delaware County. April 5. 1860, the case 
 ome before the District Court at Delhi ; Judge T. S. Wilson, presiding. The 
 State appeared by W. T. Barker, District Attorney, and O'Neil and Harvey for 
 the defense. A jury was called, consisting of Anson Shelden, Shubael Pierce. 
 Joseph Long, G. W. Davis, T. M. Williams, Martin Lanning, N. B. Talmage, 
 L. P. Baldwin, E. Ilutton, N. B. Gleason, C. W. Hobbs and Samuel M. 
 Slawson. After two days' trial, the jury returned a verdict of murder in the first 
 degree. On the morning of the 7th, he was arraigned for sentence, and when 
 asked by Judge Wilson whether he had anything to offer why judgment should 
 not be pronounced, he replied that he had nothing to say. It was then ordered 
 by the court that the said Johnson be taken from hence to prison, and there 
 safely kept until Friday, May 18, I860, and that on said day, between the hours 
 of 10 A. M. and 2 o'clock P. M., the said prisoner should be taken to some 
 convenient place within the corporate limits of the town Delhi, and there be 
 hanged by the neck until he be dead, and that the same be public. He was 
 taken to the Dubuque County jail for safe keeping. 
 
 On the day appointed, several thousand people assembled at Delhi to [witness 
 the revolting scene. A posse of citizens were summoned from the various towns 
 in the county, numbering fifty or more, and armed to serve as guards. The 
 gallows was built in, and near the northwest corner of, the Court House Square. 
 Johnson was led to his death between files of the citizen guards, who formed a 
 hollow square around the gallows. On one side of him walked Sheriff Eddy, 
 and on the other the priest. Hon. Joel Bailey, County Judge; D. J. Wright, 
 Clerk of the Court, and other county officers, walked in the rear of the doomed 
 man, Johnson ascended the scaffold with a firm step. After confessing to a 
 priest, his hands were tied behind him, and the black cap drawn over his face, 
 shutting from his sight forever all mortal scenes. Sheriff Eddy with one blow 
 severed the rope, and the doomed man fell. He Avas a large, heavy man, and 
 death ensued immediately, his neck being broken by the fall. His body was 
 placed in a coffin and buried in the old cemetery at Delhi, where a few rude 
 stones mark his last resting place. 
 
 The town of Delaware, on the southwest quarter and the northwest quarter 
 of southeast quarter, and southwest quarter of southeast quarter of Section 32, 
 Township 89 north, Range 4, was laid out March, 1860. F. B. Doolittle, John 
 Hefner, James P. Ball, proprietors. 
 
 The year 1861 marks a new era in the history of Delaware County, 
 January 6th, the first Board of Supervisors, elected under the new law the pre- 
 vious Autumn, assembled at Delhi, and superseded the County Judge so far as 
 the government and management of the affairs of the county were concerned. 
 The first Board was as follows : Silas Gilmore, Colony ; Ephraim K. Frost, 
 Elk: John H. Burrington, Honey Creek; Daniel Shelden, Richland; Joseph 
 Lichteubergh, Bremen; Francis McFall, Oneida; C. H. Carpenter, Delaware ; 
 Clement Coffin, Coffin's Grove; Z. D. Scobey, North Fork ; William Price, 
 Delhi; William Crozier, Milo ; Peter Richardson, Prairie; Aaron Richardson. 
 South Fork ; Samuel P. Whittaker, Union ; C. L. Flint, Hazel Green, and 
 Daniel Fuller, Adams. Z. D. Scobey was elected Chairman of the Board, and 
 James Wright, Clerk of the Disti-ict Court, was Clerk of the Board. 
 
 At once [)etitions began to flow in to the County Board for construction of 
 roads ^and bridges, and other matters that had received but little attention under 
 the County Judge system, as no special provision had been made for them 
 bv l;iw. 
 
HAZEL GREEN TP. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 403 
 
 January 8tli, the Committee on Public Buildings reported that the 
 jail was insecure, and recommended that the Sheriff be furnished with a 
 better office. 
 
 January 4th, the Board declined to direct the County Treasurer, Ray B. 
 Griffin, to accept any currency of the Iowa State Bank, at the risk of the county, 
 in payment of taxes. 
 
 At the June session, it was ascertained that a considerable amount of swamp 
 lands was due the county (see Swamp Lands, p. 211), and on the 6th of 
 June George Wattson was appointed agent and attorney of the county to look 
 after them. 
 
 POOR FARM. 
 
 June 7, 1861, Mr. Coffin, from the Committee on Paupers, reported recoiu- 
 mending that a proposition be submitted to the voters of the county for the 
 purchase of a Poor F'arm. Re-committed with instructions, and on the 8th the 
 Committee again reported that a proposition be submitted to tlie voters of Dela- 
 ware County, whether the Board shall purchase a farm for the poor, and raise 
 not exceeding $3,000 for the purpose. The report was accepted; J. M. Bray- 
 ton was appointed to draw up such proposition, and on the same day 
 the Board ordered the question to be submitted to the people at the ensuing 
 October election, when it was rejected by a vote of 219 for purchase to 418 
 against. 
 
 This year is marked by the commencement of the great rebellion and civil 
 war in the United States. Delaware performed her full share, as will be seen 
 under the head of " The War Record," elsewhere. 
 
 In the year 1862, at the January session of the Board of Supervisors, C. L. 
 Flint, from the Committee on the School Fund, reported that several persons 
 who had borrowed from that fund were not financially sound. These persons 
 were required to improve their securities, and prudent rules Avere adopted in 
 relation to the management of the fund. 
 
 January 10th, the Committee on Paupers recommended that a farm 
 for the poor be leased, and that a suitable person be employed for Overseer. 
 On the same day, the. Board voted to petition the Legislature for a tax 
 on dogs. 
 
 June 4th, S. A. Holt was appointed Steward of the Poor House, and on the 
 6th, F. B. Doolittle, William Terwilliger and Andrew Lord were appointed 
 Poor House Directors ; rescinded, however, as to Terwilliger and Lord, October 
 21st. 
 
 October 21st, County Treasurer ordered to sell the gold in the Treasury. 
 Samuel H. Gookin notified the Board that he was the owner of the premises on 
 which the Poor House was situated. This was the "Clark farm," near Hart- 
 wick, about a mile and a half southwest of Delhi. The notice was referred to 
 Mr. Doolittle, with instructions to negotiate with Gookin for the purchase of 
 the premises. 
 
 October 22d, the Board appropriated $1,000 to aid in the support of the 
 families of volunteers. 
 
 The Home Insurance Company, of Delhi, was incorporated January 1, 
 1862. The corporators were Lyman Ingalls, Charles L. Currier, D. C. Tan- 
 ner, R. B. Currier, Rensselaer Eddy, Ray B. Griffin and W. A. Heath. The 
 
404 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 two Curriers and Tanner are now connected with the American Insurance 
 Company, of Chicago. It does not appear that the Home effected more than 
 its incorporation. 
 
 In 1868. the Director of the Poor House Avas authorized to purchase a farm 
 for the poor, January 8th, and on the 9th the Treasurer was again authorized 
 to sell all the gold on hand — 1300. 
 
 June 5th, F. B. Doolittle was appointed Commissioner, and authorized 
 " to net^otiate with the owners of the premises now occupied by this county as a 
 Poor House, provided he shall not pay more than ^1,000 for the same," and in 
 the event of purchase, the County Clerk was instructed to issue county orders 
 for the necessary amount. On the same day, the Committee on Ways and 
 Means reported that there were but thirty-nine persons in the county, of the 
 families of volunteers, that might possibly need assistance. 
 
 October 20th, F. B. Doolittle reported progress in the purchase of the 
 Poor House Farm, known as the " Clark Farm," and it was " Ordered that the 
 matter of purchasing Poor House Farm be postponed until we learn, through 
 the Agent of the Board, F. B. Doolittle, that the title of the Clark premises lias 
 been settled by the courts. 
 
 January 6, 186-1, $1,000 was appropriated " for the support of the 
 families of volunteers, and on the 7th, |50 was appropriated for the Sol- 
 diers' Home at Dubuque. The poll taxes of all soldiers in the service were 
 remitted. 
 
 June 8, 1864, the Committee on Paupers recommended the purchase of 
 the Hefner farm for a County Poor Farm, at a price not to exceed $1,000, and 
 F. B. Doolittle was appointed agent to carry the same into eft'ect. The Com- 
 mittee on Military Affairs reported 406 persons of the families of volun- 
 teers in the county needing aid. June 10, the Clerk was authorized to 
 draw $1,000 to pay for the Hefner farm in case Mr. Doolittle should make 
 the purchase. 
 
 November 17. Messrs. Sanborn, Thompson and Stoner were appointed a 
 committee to receive proposals for the purchase of a Poor House Farm, from 
 which it appears that the Hefner trade had fiiiled. 
 
 Mr. Jones completed a bridge across Honey Creek, near the present site of 
 his woolen mills. 
 
 During this year, the farmers in the vicinity of Forestville began preparations 
 for entering into the dairy business. 
 
 In 1864, the shipments from Manchester were as follows: Wheat, 80,156 
 bushels; oats, 124,636 bushels; barley, 3,570 bushels; butter, 166,601 lbs.; 
 hides, 37,831 lbs. ; live stock, 1,426,000 lbs. ; wool, 11,177 lbs.; dressed hogs, 
 647,533 lbs. ; miscellaneous articles, 600,329 lbs. 
 
 On Friday, December 2, 1864, Morris Martin and George Crozier, of South 
 Fork Township, got into a dispute about some oats, whereupon a quarrel ensued 
 and the parties retired to the road to " fight it out." In the melee Martin 
 stabbed Crozier twice, once in the arm and once in the left breast, entering the 
 heart, causing death. Martin was arrested and had his preliminary examination 
 before Justice Noble at Delhi. He was convicted of manslaughter at the Sep- 
 tember Term of the District Court in 1865, and sentenced to five years' impris- 
 onment and $500 fine, together with costs. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY, 
 
 405 
 
 Population of Delaware County. — The following shows the population of 
 the several townships in the county, exclusive of soldiers at the front, as shown 
 by the census of 1864: 
 
 TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 No. Dwellings. 
 
 No. Whites. 
 
 No. Colored. 
 
 Colony 
 
 238 
 
 145 
 
 175 
 
 130 
 
 95 
 
 126 
 
 268 
 
 103 
 
 126 
 
 187 
 
 96 
 
 32 
 
 287 
 
 129 
 
 68 
 
 80 
 
 1,383 
 809 
 892 
 718 
 548 
 685 
 
 1,419 
 584 
 682 
 964 
 539 
 161 
 
 1,497 
 715 
 413 
 459 
 
 
 Elk 
 
 \ 
 
 
 '} 
 
 Richland 
 
 
 Bremen 
 
 I 
 
 
 1 
 
 Delaware 
 
 
 Coffin's Grove 
 
 
 Nort li Fork 
 
 
 Delhi 
 
 1 
 
 Milo 
 
 
 Prairie 
 
 
 South Fork 
 
 
 Union 
 
 4 
 
 Hazel Green 
 
 
 Adams 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 2,285 
 
 12,498 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 August 1, 1864, the Delaware Sportsmen's Club had a grand chicken hunt, 
 which began at daylight, and lasted till dark, with an intermission of three 
 hours for a dinner near Henry Baker's residence in Coffin's Grove. The din- 
 ner was prepared by the wives of the hunters, and many other citizens of Man- 
 chester were present at the dinner. The sum of the day's shooting was 599 
 birds. The sport ended with a supper to the huntsmen in the evening. The 
 day was kept as an anniversary for four years, and was merged into the Harvest 
 Home in 1868. 
 
 At the election in November, Lincoln's majority over McClellan was 671, 
 increased to nearly 1,000 by the vote of the soldiers in the field. 
 
 Purchase of Poor Farm. — In 1865, the Poor House Farm still occupied 
 the attention of the Board, and January 4th, F. B. Doolittle, Joseph Grimes 
 and D. P. Baker were appointed to view the Horton or any other farm, and 
 purchase the same for a County Poor Farm, if, in their judgment, the price 
 was reasonable. 
 
 June 8th, the committee reported that a contract had been made for the 
 northwest fractional quarter of Section 18, northeast quarter of southwest quar- 
 ter of Section 18, in Township 88 north. Range 4 west, northwest quarter of 
 northeast quarter of Section 23, Range 5, amounting to 222^ acres, for 
 $2,000 to be paid on this by the 8th day of June, 1865. Payment was made, 
 and Jlidge Doolittle requested to prepare plans and specifications for Poor House. 
 
 September 4th, an appropriation of $250 was made for the purpose of 
 building an addition to the house then on the Poor Farm. The house was 
 reconstructed with additions by Judge Doolittle, costing from $400 to $600. 
 
 The G-reat Flood. — This year is remarkable for another flood, higher, even, 
 and more destructive than that of 1851. The water was very high in March 
 and about the 19th, trains were delayed for three days. 
 
 June 27th, occurred one of the heaviest rain storms ever known. A heavy 
 rain fell in the afternoon, after which the clouds partially lifted. The rain 
 
406 BISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 came on again in the night, and lasted till toward daybreak. This rain washed 
 out the culverts between Earlville and Dyersville, and the dam gave way at 
 Green's mill on Honey Creek. The next night another storm came on, even 
 greater than the other. The water swept the wagon bridge at Manchester from 
 its foundations, but as it had been fastened by cables to trees, by Thomas Too- 
 good, on the west bank, it was kept at home, but worth only the plank which 
 covered it. The Hood tore away the embankment of the railroad bridge, just 
 below, leaving the rails and ties held together by the spikes over a chasm four 
 rods across. The Acers mill, north of Manchester, was swept bodily into the 
 river, and the dam at Forestville was torn out. The bridge at Hopkinton was 
 swept away and the saAv-mill moved from its foundation. The loss of fences, 
 hav and crops all along the river and its tributaries was also very great. 
 
 ' The water at Bailey's Ford was two feet higher than in 1851, and the 
 Maquoketa at that point made a new channel for itself for some distance above 
 the present bridge. The Avest landing of the ford used to be where the river 
 now bends at that place. 
 
 David Moreland, one of the earliest settlers in the colony, died April 27, 
 1865, at the ripe age of seventy-seven years four months and three days. 
 
 January 1, 1860, the Board granted permission to the citizens of Delhi to 
 erect a monument in memory of deceased soldiers. 
 
 The Manchester Manufacturing Company, James A. Ainsworth, Nixson 
 Denton and Henry Anderson, corporators, filed for record articles of incor- 
 poration December 12, 1866. 
 
 Judge Clement Cofiin, the first settler at Coffin's Grove Township and the 
 the second Judge of Probate of Delaware County, died July 28, 1867. 
 
 Tlie Manchester Library Institute, J. G. Strong, President ; J. P. Rule, 
 Secretary, was incorporated February, 1867. 
 
 The Manchester Pottery Company, J. H. Stevens, President ; L. Webb, 
 Vice President ; T. A. Farrington, Secretary, incorporated May 18, 1867. 
 
 The Live Stock Enterprise Insurance Company, of Manchester, incorpo- 
 rated March 25, 1868. Ray B. Griffin, President; H. G. McCann, Vice 
 President ; S. G. Van Anda, Secretary ; W. H. Board, Treasurer. 
 
 In April, 1866, a joint stock company was organized at Delaware, called 
 the DelaAvare Cheese Company. William M. Hefner, President ; A. A. Enos. 
 Vice President; J. A. Garfield, Treasurer; and J. W. Kingsley, Secretary. A 
 large building, two and one-half stories high, 24x40 feet, was built, and the 
 manufacture of cheese was commenced in June following, and continued to 
 operate until about 1872, when the building was converted into a stable. 
 
 June 31. 1866, Mr. James S. Wilson, a resident of Manchester, discovered 
 tiiat liis pocket had l)een picked of $80, and, suspecting a man belonging to or 
 in connection with one or the other of two shows, then exhibiting here, namely, 
 "Yankee Robinson's Consolidation," and " F. J. Howe's Circus," of being tihe 
 guilty party, at once secured an officer and had the man arrested. His pals and 
 associates at once attempted a rescue, when a general fight ensued, many of the 
 citizens were ({uite badly hurt and excitement ran high. Mayor Loomis 
 promptly ordered out the militia, a company of about thirty veterans, who 
 immediately repaired to the scene of conflict, fully prepared to teach the ruffians 
 a wholesome lesson, but the appearance of the militia was all that was necessary 
 and the arrests were made without further opposition. The chief rioters, how- 
 ever, escaped during the excitement, but were afterward re-arrested. 
 
 The Western Tubular Well Company, of Manchester, incorporated Decem- 
 ber 20, 1866. 11. W. Pliillips, I. P. Adams, J. B. Freelove, J. P. Roe, S. M. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 407 
 
 Hoyt, W. H. Tuthill, J. M. Still, G. R. Edmonds and Charles Hoyt, 
 corporators. 
 
 In 1869, the sum of $1,500 was appropriated by the County Board to build 
 an addition to the Poor House. 
 
 In June, 1869, on petition of citizens asking for an election to re-locate the 
 county seat, it was ordered that at the next general election the question 
 should be submitted whether the county seat should remain at Delhi, or be re- 
 moved to Manchester. The election resulted, for Delhi, 1560 ; for Manchester, 
 1197. 
 
 In 1870, by an Act to amend Article 11, of Chapter XXII, of the Revision 
 of 1860, approved April 14, 1870, the Board of Supervisors was reduced to 
 three, which number might be increased to five or seven by vote of the people. 
 In September, the existing Board ordered that the question, " Shall the num- 
 ber of Supervisors be increased to seven?" be submitted to the people at the 
 next general election. The proposition was negatived by the people, 874 to 
 698. 
 
 On Friday evening, January 6, 1871, Edward Kennedy, a respectable Irish 
 farmer, living alone a few miles west of Hopkinton, was shot while he was 
 preparing his supper, by John Duncan, who had been at work for some months 
 for a Mrs. Cook, who lived not far from Kennedy's. No suspicion of foul play 
 seems to have been entertained by the neighbors until the following Tuesday, 
 when, upon investigation, the old man was found lying on the floor of his house, 
 dead. Duncan had gone, but he was suspected, followed and arrested. At the 
 next term of the District Court, at Delhi, in April, 1871, Duncan was indicted 
 for the murder and transferred to Buchanan County for imprisonment and trial. 
 
 In January, 1871, the new Board, consisting of Ferdinand W. Dunham, 
 Joseph Chapman and J. Salisbury, assembled at Delhi, elected Mr. Dunham 
 Chairman, and superseded the larger body advantageously to the county. 
 
 THE NEW POOR HOUSE. 
 
 In July, 1873, the Board of Supervisors entered into a contract with N. W. 
 Austin for the erection of a large and commodious brick building on the Poor 
 Farm, for a house for the poor. The contract price was $4,100, and the house 
 was to be completed by the 1st of November following, and was done at that 
 time, but some changes and improvements had been made, and the actual cost 
 of the building was $5,028.50. To make room for it, the old house was moved 
 to the rear and converted into a barn. It is a large two-story and basement 
 brick building, affording a comfortable and pleasant home for those persons so 
 unfortunate as to become public charges. The people of Delaware may well be 
 proud of their Poor House and Farm. 
 
 Gilbert D. Dillon, the first Justice of the Peace of the county and one of the 
 clerks of the first elections held in Schwartz's Precinct, in 1839, died December 
 20, 1874. Mr. Dillon was born in Ulster County, New York, January 3, 1800. 
 
 The Delaware County Railroad Company was incorporated January 18, 
 1875, Richard Boon, J. M. Holbrook, Charles T. Fleming, Benjamin Thorpe, 
 Charles Harger, Ancil E. Martin, Henry Harger and John M. Brayton, cor- 
 porators. 
 
 The question of re-locating the county seat was again submitted to the peo- 
 ple at the annual election in 1876, but Delhi retained it by a vote of 2551 for 
 Delhi; 1013 for Nottingham, "known as Earlville;" for Earlville, 35; Earl- 
 ville, 24. 
 
408 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 In the Fall of 1876, the Fish Commissioner of the State deposited several 
 thousand fish in the Maquoketa, of several species, such as, bass, croppies, 
 perch, drum-fish, etc. The care taken by the State in preventing the destruc- 
 tion of fish during the spawning season must soon result in stocking the streams 
 of the county and State with an abundance of fish, adding materially to the 
 resources of the State. 
 
 The New Jail. — In 1877, the question of providing additional jail room 
 was forced upon the county authorities. The old jail had become insecure, and 
 had not sufficient rooms or cells. On the 28th of June, a contract Avas made 
 with David Armstrong, of Independence, for the erection of a new jail building, 
 at a contract price of ^4,898.3.5. The site selected was a short distance west of 
 the brick building used for county offices, on the public square. Work w^as 
 commenced about the 1st of July, and the building was completed in 1878, at a 
 cost of 3^,158. It is a square stone building, built of the fine stone quarried in 
 the vicinity, two stories high, and contains six cells, three on the first floor and 
 three on the second. On the first floor is a room for an office, and there are 
 two sleeping rooms for the jailer on the second floor. The stone, gratings and 
 bunks were from the "lock-up" under the old Court House, in Chicago, the 
 ruins of which w^ere taken down two or three years ago. 
 
 The year 1878 is remarkable for its mild Winter. No snow fell to remain, 
 and wagons were used all Winter. The Spring, however, was somewhat cold 
 and backward, and May 12th and 13th heavy frosts were destructive to small 
 fruits, tomatoes, etc. 
 
 THE COUNTY SEAT CONTESTS. 
 
 In the Si)ring of 1869, the people of Manchester gave notice, as by law 
 provided, that they would apply to the Board of Supervisors for an order sub- 
 mitting to vote at the election of that year the question of removing the county 
 seat from Delhi to Manchester. Petitions were circulated in every township, 
 asking for the order, and when the Board met in June, the petitions were can- 
 vassed and a fair majority found asking for the vote. When this had been se- 
 cured, the people of Manchester raised a subscription, pledging about $12,000 
 toward the erection of buildings in case they should secure the county seat, and 
 also pledged suitable grounds for the purpose. But before the time came for 
 entering on the campaign, an unfortunate complication arose among the citizens 
 of Manchester as to where the buildings should be located, and many became in- 
 different as to the result. The Delhi people entered the campaign with great 
 energy, backed by the influence of the Davenport & St. Paul Railway Company, 
 whose officers employed the columns of the Strawberry Point and Monticello 
 papers in which to make their own arguments against Manchester. Copies of 
 these papers were distributed among the voters of Honey Creek, Elk, Union, 
 Hazel Green and Oneida Townships just before election, and their perusal 
 tended materially to steady the feeling that Delhi was endeavoring to work up 
 against the change. The election, which followed in October, resulted in the 
 defeat of Manchester by a majority of 367. At the commencement of this 
 struggle, the people of Earlville and Delaware also entered the field with their 
 towns as candidates for the county seat, but not having a sufficient extended peti- 
 tion their claims were terminated by the canvass of the Board in June. 
 
 In 1874, the Manchester people again resolved to essay their strength. 
 Petitions were circulated as before, but when the Board canvassed the petitions 
 and remonstrances, it was found that the latter embraced more than half the 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 409 
 
 voters of the county, which was also the case Avith the petitions. The Board 
 decided that the petition was insufficient, and declined to order a vote. 
 
 The following year (1875), the Manchester folks were up and ready for 
 another contest. Earlville and Delaware, likewise, entered the arena. For a 
 time, Manchester devoted her labors mainly toward thwarting the efforts of Earl- 
 ville and Delaware, and at the April meeting of the Board the petitions of both 
 towns were oversloughed by the Manchester remonstrance. Having thus cleared 
 the ground, Manchester went in to win if possible. Every nook and corner of 
 the county was canvassed by agents, bearing either a petition for Manchester(or 
 a remonstrance against the order, and when the Board met in June, the papers 
 were carried in, the Manchester people in full confidence that they had an easy 
 victory. But when they presented their petitions, they were met by the entire 
 bar of Delhi arrayed against them, who excepted to some three hundred names 
 on the petition as having also signed the remonstrances. The exception was 
 allowed by the Board, when the Manchester committee presented substantially 
 the same names anew in a document known as a "re-petition," and asked to 
 have them counted as part of the petition. On this application ensued the 
 severest legal collision ever witnessed in the county, nearly the whole bar of the 
 county having something to say regarding the question, which had by this time 
 roused every neighborhood to a white heat of excitement. The Board voted to 
 disallow the re-petition, but the Manchester committee asked for and obtained a 
 ruling that remonstrants might appear in person before the Board, and have 
 their names changed to the petition. That night, a meeting was convened at 
 Manchester, at which a large number of citizens placed themselves and vehicles 
 at the disposal of the committee. The western part of the county was blocked 
 out, and early next morning every available team was started out to collect 
 and carry the '' re-petitioners " to Delhi. By 3 o'clock in the afternoon, ninety- 
 two men were presented before the Board, each making affidavit of his desire 
 to be counted on the petition. Another such a day's work would have Avon 
 Manchester the victory, but one member of the Board became dissatisfied 
 with his previous action, and so stated to the Board, thus canceling the ruling 
 under which Manchester was at work, which ended the appearance of voters in 
 person. The summary, as made up by the Board, showed a majority against 
 Manchester. In August following, the Manchester people removed the case by 
 certiorari to the Supreme Court, but only obtained partial redress, the order for 
 the vote, which they sought to have granted, not being entertained by either court. 
 
 Late in the Winter of 1876, the community of Earlville again concluded 
 to make a sally, and once more the county was canvassed for petitioners. Man- 
 chester was awaiting the result of her appeal to the Supreme Court, and made 
 no opposition, while Delhi and Delaware did but little. The Earlville people 
 were successful, and the Board ordered the vote. As Manchester had done in 
 each application for the county seat, Earlville offered $10,000 to assist in 
 erecting buildings. The campaign was conducted with much courtesy and 
 good feeling on all sides, but when election day came it seemed as if every 
 community Avas anxious to throAv a stone at Earlville, for the majority against 
 her was an enormous one. 
 
 The political consequences of the county seat struggle of 1875 may be 
 briefly stated as follows, first premising that the Board of Supervisors have 
 much poAver over the preliminary details involving the order for a vote on the 
 county seat question : Each locality gives much care to the selection of the 
 Supervisor, feeling that to have a preponderance in the Board is to be well 
 prepared for the election. In the Republican convention of 1876, the western 
 
410 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 townships, headed by the Dehiware delegation, secured the defeat of Jesse B. 
 Bailey, whose name was before the convention, but their candidate was beaten 
 at the polls by George Staehle, the Democratic nominee, upon whom the eastern 
 townships united almost to a man. The Republican nominee for Sheriff was 
 also defeated in the same fashion. 
 
 At the election in 1877, the western townships retaliated by uniting upon 
 and electing James Le Gassick, Supervisor, and Charles E. Bronson, State 
 Senator, both being nominees on the Democratic ticket. 
 
 HARVEST HOME. 
 
 August 1st, 1864, the people of Manchester arranged for a match at shoot- 
 inw prairie chickens. Sides were chosen, one squad being composed of George E. 
 TS)good, Thomas M. Hunt, W. H. Board, M. Cotton, J. E. Harker, N. Trenchard, 
 A. M. Sherwood, V. Burrington, S. W. Stevens, James E. Green,and the other 
 of D. R. Lewis, H. M. Congar, H. N. Cornish, Wm. Houghton, Holies Houghton, 
 Thos. Dodson, S. M. Smart, W. J. Doolittle, J. M. Watson and M. Plimpton. 
 Five hundred and ninety-nine birds were killed, but the referee succeeded in 
 making the result a tie. The next year, the programme was improved upon by 
 the addition of a picnic dinner, near Henry Baker's residence, in Coffin's 
 Grove, and the annual hunt and picnic was a pleasant annual holiday with the 
 people of Manchester until 1868. Owing to the extreme wet weather of 1868, 
 wherebv most of the young chickens were killed, the festival was omitted that 
 year. In 1870, the programme was again amended by making the annual meet 
 a harvest home, and the people of the whole county were invited to join. The 
 festival was held at Coffin's Grove as before, Saturday, August 6th. The 
 responses to the toasts were made by A. S. Blair, E. C. Huntington, Rev. R. 
 Norton, G. S. Bidwell, Col. Van Anda, C. S. Crosby, E. 0. Clemans and 
 Prof. J. Piper; F. Emerson, Es(j., presided. So satisfactory was the holiday 
 to those who attended, that it was decided to make the harvest home an annual 
 feature, and on that day officers were chosen as follows : President, Joseph 
 Grimes ; Vice Presidents, A. Parliman, A. A. Strong, S. Emerson, S. T. 
 Oviatt, J. P. Ball, J. Le Gassick, T. Marks, E. 0. Clemans, J. F. McKay, J. 
 S. Barry, Thos. Robinson, C. L. Flint, Thos. Wragg, P. H. Warner ; Treasurer, 
 Thos. Toogood; Secretary, L. L. Ayers. 
 
 The following year (1871), the harvest home was held at Bailey's Ford, in 
 the grove just west of the Maquoketa, and was attended by at least 3,000 
 people. In 1872, the place of holding the harvest home was transferred to 
 the grove on Spring Branch, owned by M. Brayton, near the cold s{)ring 
 which supplies that stream with half its volume of water. The railroad track 
 runs half a mile north of the grounds, and in that year, through the courtesy 
 of W. P. Johnson, General Passenger Agent of the Illinois Central road, a 
 harvest home station was established, enabling the whole population of Man- 
 chester and Earlville to attend. This courtesy Mr. Johnson has annually 
 extended to the harvest home, the subsecjuent festivals being held on the same 
 grounds. The harvest home annually draws thousands of people from all parts 
 of the county, some of whom meet to renew old associations, some to flirt, 
 others to talk politics, but for whatever purpose they assemble it is a pleasant 
 holiday, the fame of which brings ^''early guests from far-away cities to drink 
 from the crystal spring that bubbles up from the rocky ledge, enjoy the leafy 
 shady of the oaks, and consume a bountiful dinner from the well-filled basket 
 in some farmer's wagon, flanked with watermelon and sweeet cider. 
 
 H. D. Wood is President of the Association for 1878. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 411 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 THE LAWS OP EARLY TIMES. 
 
 Ray B. Griffin, Esq., of Manchester, has in his possession a copy of the 
 Statute Laws of the Territory of Iowa, enacted at the first session of the Leg- 
 islative Assembly of the Territory, A. D. 1838-9, printed by Russell & Reeves, 
 Dubuque, in 1839, on the cover of which is written, " Wm. Eades, Esq., County 
 Commissioner Delaware County, I. T." This rare volume contains "An act 
 to regulate blacks and mulattoes," approved January 21, 1839, which provides 
 " that no black or mulatto person shall be permitted to settle or reside in the 
 Territory, unless he or she shall produce a. fair certificate, from some court 
 within the United States, of his or her actual freedom," and give bond in the 
 penal sum of $500, conditioned that such person shall not become a charge in 
 the county in which such bond shall be given ; also, for good behavior. Upon 
 failure to give such bond, it was made the duty of the County Commissioners 
 to " hire out such negro or mulatto for six months, for the best price, in cash, 
 that can be had." Persons hiring, harboring or engaging a negro or mulatto 
 who had not complied with the provisions of the act were subject to a fine of 
 not less than five or more than one hundred dollars. Section 6 of this act pro- 
 vided for the delivery of blacks or mulattoes to persons claiming them, upon sat- 
 isfactory proof of ownership. In less than twenty-five years from that date, 
 the title of property in man was washed out in blood, in these United States, 
 and Iowa was foremost in the work of preserving the Union from the assaults 
 of the slave power. 
 
 HUNTING GROUNDS OF DELAWARE. 
 
 Game was abundant in Delaware County. Deer were frequently seen in 
 droves of from a dozen to forty, and it was easy to kill one or two in an after- 
 noon. Black bears were common, and a few elk were scattered over the prai- 
 ries. Wild turkeys were plentiful. Hon. Eliphalet Price, in some sketches 
 lately published, says that this part of Iowa had been neutral ground for a good 
 many years, and that the game had been driven in that direction from all quar- 
 ters, and had increased rapidly, undisturbed by the Indian's arroAV or the white 
 man's rifle. 
 
 Mr. Jackson devoted much time to hunting for several years after settling 
 at Hopkinton. He says that he once saw about forty deer between Hopkinton 
 and Delhi ; and on one occasion, saw over a dozen elk together between his 
 home and Quasqueton. 
 
 The most successful day's sport by any of the early settlers appears to have 
 been that of one of Mr. Kibbee's sons, who went to the mouth of Honey Creek, 
 some time in 1842, and killed a deer, found a bee tree and captured two bear 
 cubs. Whether he bagged a few turkeys, to make good measure, tradition saith 
 not. 
 
 Panthers infested the woods, and Charles Benoist was chased a long distance 
 by one when returning from the river toward Jackson's. Benoist's \error may 
 well be appreciated when he could see that the murderous cat would suit its 
 gait to his, stop when he stopped, and dog his every footstep. 
 
 Gillaspie Laughlin's adventure with a panther, which probably happened in 
 1845, would be worthy of note in any history. Laughlin and a companion had 
 driven a panther into a small cave, somewhere on Bowne's Prairie. Laughlin 
 coolly determined that either the panther or himself must die, and, with his 
 rifle in hand, crawled in, Putnam-like, after the animal. He soon discovered 
 
412 HISTORY OF DELAAVARE COUNTY. 
 
 t)ie brute devil, ready to spring at him. He raised his piece and fired at ven- 
 ture, mortally wounding the animal, and his dying agonies tumbled both of 
 them out to the mouth of the cave, the animal still struggling, and Laughlin's 
 clothinc' torn to ribbons and himself covered with blood, but not much the 
 worse for his fooUiardiness. 
 
 The odoriferous polecat was occasionally a source of annoyance to the set- 
 tlers. Cavanaugh, whose timber land was so suddenly cleared, met with one of 
 the unpopular little animals near Ilopkinton, and was compelled to bury his 
 clothing, to remove the traces of the interview. 
 
 A skunk was haunting Leroy Jackson's spring house, and one evening the 
 animal was discovered and cornered. Mr. Jackson took his gun, and Mr. Main 
 took the tongs. It was agreed that after Jackson fired, Mr. Main should pick 
 up the animal and toss him out before he began his struggles. Jackson fired, 
 but Main, becoming nervous, fumbled around awkwardly with the tongs for a 
 moment or two before he grappled the creature, and the consequences were most 
 disastrous to the hero of the tongs, who had to be informed that his room was 
 better than his company. 
 
 THE BENNETT ESCAPADE. 
 
 Since that portion of this work relating to the Bennett Escapade and the 
 freezing of Walls and Day went to press, Henry Baker, Esq., of Coffin's Grove, 
 who was one of the actors in that little pioneer tragedy, states that it was Mr. 
 Coffin who started out with the ox team with the feather beds, and that he. 
 Baker, started out with the "jumper;" that they found one of the party about 
 a mile out, frozen stiff; that he was laid across the "jumper " and brought in ; 
 that the other was found about half a mile farther and was also brouo-ht in. 
 Mr. Baker says : "I and my wife, being young, took precedence in caring for 
 the party, though Mr. and Mrs. Coffin did all in their power." It seems prob- 
 able that, being younger, Mr. Baker started out the second time to look for 
 Warner with the ox-team, and that Mr. Coffin, being older and having had more 
 experience, remained to take care of those already brought in. 
 
 TOWNSHIP JURISPRUDENCE. 
 
 The following incident will serve to show the somewhat backwoods state of 
 jurisprudence in Adams Township in 1860. Some one had obtained a judg- 
 ment against one of the Robinsons in Prairie Township, the magistrate being 
 
 Coleman, of Adams Township, better known as "One-eyed " Coleman. 
 
 Robinson having neglected to come forward to satisfy the judgment. Justice 
 Coleman issued an execution to his Constable, who attempted to levy on one of 
 Robinson's swine, but Robinson prevented him. The Constable returned to his 
 Honor, related his unsuccessful attempt, and between them they arrived at the 
 conclusion that the course of justice had been interrupted by Robinson. So 
 the Constable filed an information, which Justice Coleman wrote down on a slate 
 belonging to one of his children, charging the aforesaid Robinson, says Mr. 
 Blair, " with contempt of progress," though this is improbable, as, no doubt, 
 " contempt of process " was written, and issued a warrant for Robinson's arrest, 
 which was successfully accomplished by the same Constable. Robinson called 
 on Mr. Blair to defend him, and his Honor sent to Delhi for L. N. Ingalls to 
 represent the outraged State of Iowa. The day came, and in the beginning of 
 the case, Mr. Blair asked to see the information. " An' haven't yez seen the 
 warrant ?" asked the Justice. But Blair was pertinacious on the point, and 
 Coleman at last grew irate. Ingalls sat looking, but no muscle of his face 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 413 
 
 moved. Finally, Coleman admitted that the information was not in court, that 
 the children had taken the slate to school. Blair thereupon told his client he 
 could go home, but the presiding Dogberry could not stand this last reflection 
 on himself, and fined Robinson five dollars and costs. Blair then threatened 
 either to appeal or to complain of Coleman before the Grand Jury. Finally, 
 and before the court was adjourned, Coleman held a consultation with Ingalls, 
 who had all the time kept a solemn silence, the result of which was that Robin- 
 son was allowed to go home and the fine was never collected. 
 
 TOUCHING INCIDENT. 
 
 While A. S. Blair, Esq., was acting as Deputy Provost Marshal in 1864, he 
 was no'ified to arrest a deserter named Reardon, who had become homesick and 
 returned to his farm in Adams Township. Mr. Blair reached the house about 
 daylight, knocked, and was admitted by Reardon himself, who got out of bed 
 for the purpose. Blair told his mission, when the poor Irishman turned pale, 
 and went to the fire-place to start the fire. His wife and children then left their 
 beds, and Mrs. Reardon proposed to get some breakfast for her husband. Blair 
 would not wait, but being touched with Reardon's patient manner, told his fam- 
 ily he would endeavor to get him a furlough before going to the front. They 
 reported at Delhi, and then proceeded to Dubuque, where, on Mr. Blair's rep- 
 resentations regarding the family, Reardon was granted a ten days' furlough and 
 transportation home. To Reardon's credit be it said that he returned at the 
 expiration of his leave, went to the front and died of homesickness. 
 
 MAP OF BLACK HAWK PURCHASE. 
 
 In 1838, L. Judson, of Ohio, published a map of the Black Hawk Pur- 
 chase, that was much sought for by persons emigrating to the wild region 
 west of the Mississippi. This map has a " Settlement " marked in the timber 
 in the south part of Township 90, Range 5 (Honey Creek). This was doubt- 
 less Bennett and Lindsey, as the surveys for the map were made in 1836-7. 
 In the eastern part of Bremen, Township 89, Range 3, on Section 23, " Hew- 
 ett's Grove" is mai-ked, indicating that Joseph Hewett was one of the earliest 
 settlers in that township, prior to 1838. On Sections 27 and 34, Township 
 89, Range 4 (Oneida), " Innore " is marked. " Bowen's Prairie " appears in 
 Townships 87, Range 1, and 87, Range 2, Dubuque County. The Livingston 
 settlement, and Kibbee's place, in the southeastern part of the county, although 
 there in 1837, do not appear on this ancient map. 
 
414 
 
 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 TABULAR STATEMENT 
 
 Showing the totals of Real and Personal Property Assessed for Taxation 
 in Delaware Co., Iowa, for the Year 1877. 
 
 PERSONAL PROPERTY. 
 
 Horses of all ages 
 
 Cattle " " 
 
 Mules " " 
 
 Sheep " " 
 
 Swine " " 
 
 Other taxable property not enumerated. 
 
 Total assessed value of personal property. 
 
 REAL ESTATE. 
 
 Aggregate value of realty in towns 
 
 Aggregate value of railroad property as assessed 
 
 by the Executive Council 
 
 Land 
 
 Total value of all taxable property in county, 
 
 ., , I A^eraze 
 
 Number. ^^^^^ 
 
 9,259125.02 
 24,712! 8.57 
 
 298 
 2,630 
 26,343 
 
 360,676 
 
 29.48 
 1.31 
 1.86 
 
 8.85 
 
 Assessed 
 Value. 
 
 $231,660 
 
 211,888 
 
 8,68t> 
 
 3,441 
 
 48,997 
 
 370,342 
 
 1875,014 
 
 333,345 
 
 245,135 
 3,191,821 
 
 t,646,315 
 
 TABULAR STATEMENT, 
 
 Showing the Valuation and Ta.x Levied in Delaware County, Iowa, 
 for the Year 1877. 
 
 Names of Townships or Cities. 
 
 ^■5 
 
 Colony 8289184 
 
 Elk I 252606 
 
 H..npy Creek I 22530G 
 
 Rkliland 178165 
 
 Bremen | 251174 
 
 OihmIh ' 264956 
 
 Delaware j 277050 
 
 Cuftiirs Grove 241587 
 
 North Fork 175926 
 
 Delhi 237114 
 
 Milo 212625 
 
 Prairie 192693 
 
 South Fork 254743 
 
 Union 176806 
 
 Hazel Green 215619 
 
 Adams 220308 
 
 Maiicheiter City i 292347 
 
 Hopkinfon City I 62140 
 
 8285191 
 211739 
 228069 
 176344 
 247912 
 280310 
 363129 
 235056 
 178571 
 236482 
 207805 
 195996 
 256123 
 177384 
 227345 
 224070 
 292446 
 62198 
 
 $305687 
 255359 
 262323 
 198266 
 316098 
 363001 
 251985 
 298321 
 203218 
 287778 
 234581 
 221558 
 300076 
 204792 
 247802 
 251761 
 390612 
 83877 
 
 611 37 8 
 510 69 
 524 65 
 396 53 
 632 20 
 726 01, 
 503 97, 
 596 64 
 406 44 
 575 55 
 469 16 
 443 12 
 600 15 
 409 58 
 495 60 ' 
 503 52 
 781 22 
 167 751 
 
 1223 74 
 1021 99 
 1049 80 
 
 792 99 
 1264 40 
 1452 47 
 1007 94 
 1193 68 
 
 812 88 
 1151 10 
 
 938 32 
 
 886 24 
 1200 38 
 
 819 16 
 
 991 20 
 1007 34 
 1564 44 
 
 335 50 
 
 123 50 
 119 00 
 118 50 
 
 84 50 
 78 50 
 
 131 50 
 
 85 50 
 111 00 
 
 87 00 
 134 00 
 59 00 
 
 58 00 
 84 00 
 61 00 
 90 00 
 55 00 
 
 216 50 
 
 59 00 
 
 305 69 
 255 54] 
 262 82 
 198 521 
 316 lOl 
 363 15 
 251 99 
 298 52 
 
 203 22 
 287 78 
 234 41 
 222 56 
 300 08 
 
 204 79 
 247 70 
 261 76 
 390 88 
 
 83 88 
 
 
 \ 194 50 
 
 861 74 
 
 1783 80 
 
 474 
 
 12 
 
 352 
 
 98 
 
 327 59 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 1849 
 
 09 
 
 586 24 
 
 17 01 
 
 
 
 579 77 
 
 15 
 
 64 
 
 ;::::::::::: 
 
 352 28 
 
 213 9a 
 554 61 
 524 65^ 
 338 31 
 94 83 
 
 1288 63 
 503 97 
 596 64 
 346 66 
 643 55 
 470 76 
 199 44 
 607 79 
 409 8» 
 427 68 
 704 93 
 
 2031 18 
 503 26. 
 
 84020349 S3986770 84677095,80354 15 818713 57:81755 50 84679 39 87404 86 81(460 76 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 TABULAR STATEMENT— Continued. 
 
 415 
 
 Names of Townships oe Cities. 
 
 H 
 
 £ 
 .a 
 
 i 
 
 tas 
 
 X 
 
 H 
 
 a 
 
 OS 
 
 c 
 
 '4 
 
 Is 
 
 o o 
 
 ■a 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 ■s * 
 
 3 
 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 $ 1436 73 
 1711 67 
 1127 59 
 
 908 20 
 
 632 20 
 2268 20 
 1209 53 
 1402 17 
 1466 13 
 2057 97 
 1273 74 
 1219 57 
 1781 89 
 
 990 77 
 1302 40 
 
 805 64 
 3710 81 
 1006 58 
 
 $ 764 82 
 638 48 
 656 11 
 495 68 
 790 24 
 907 93 
 629 96 
 746 10 
 507 65 
 719 45 
 586 45 
 553 40 
 750 19 
 512 98 
 019 04 
 629 43 
 978 53 
 209 69 
 
 $ 122 48 
 102 11 
 104 92 
 79 22 
 126 44 
 145 22 
 100 84 
 
 119 42 
 
 81 24 
 115 10 
 
 93 84 
 88 64 
 
 120 54 
 
 82 00 
 99 12 
 
 100 78 
 156 74 
 33 58 
 
 $ 30 57 
 
 25 53 
 
 26 23 
 
 19 82 
 31 61 
 36 33 
 25 30 
 
 29 93 
 
 20 43 
 28 78 
 
 23 46 
 22 16 
 
 30 01 
 20 98 
 
 24 78 
 
 25 48 
 39 06 
 
 8 39 
 
 $ 91 71 
 
 7G 59 
 
 $ 
 
 $ 71 64 
 19^ 89 
 131 23 
 
 89 26 
 27 83 
 
 161 91 
 84 69 
 208 43 
 195 52 
 24a 43 
 117 70 
 203 67 
 294 86 
 
 90 77 
 146 72 
 
 82 21 
 27 78 
 11 68 
 
 S 5190 73 
 
 Elk 
 
 
 6076 84 
 
 
 78 69 
 
 59 40 
 94 83 
 
 108 90 
 75 70 
 
 89 49 
 
 60 84 
 86 33 
 70 37 
 66 30 
 
 90 53 
 
 61 94 
 
 74 24 
 
 75 64 
 117 18 
 
 25 17 
 
 
 6388 99 
 
 
 
 3462 43 
 
 
 
 4563 30 
 
 
 
 7943 23 
 
 
 
 4806 98 
 
 
 
 5392 07 
 
 
 
 4198 11 
 
 Delhi ... 
 
 
 7891 13 
 
 Milo 
 
 
 4923 45 
 
 
 3980 11 
 
 South Fork 
 
 
 5860 42 
 
 
 
 4243 63 
 
 
 
 4534 12 
 
 
 
 4241 73 
 
 
 3270 71 
 332 00 
 
 13285 03 
 
 
 3128 76 
 
 
 
 
 826311 79 
 
 $11696 13 
 
 $1872 23 
 
 $468 85 
 
 $1403 85 
 
 $3602 71 
 
 $2359 49!$100111 06 
 
 ABSTRACT OF THE VOTES CAST IN DELAWARE COUNTY, 
 IOWA, AT THE GENERAL ELECTION OF 1876. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Superinten- 
 
 
 Presidential 
 Candidates. 
 
 Secretary 
 
 of 
 
 State. 
 
 Treasurer 
 of 
 
 State. 
 
 Auditor 
 
 of 
 State. 
 
 Kegister of 
 
 State 
 Land Office. 
 
 Attorney 
 General. 
 
 dent Public 
 
 Instruction 
 
 to Fill 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vacancy. 
 
 TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 a 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 m » 
 
 5,1 
 
 m 
 
 a 
 
 cs 3 
 
 >-> 
 
 fl c 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 aB 
 
 a 
 
 £ 
 
 a 
 
 
 o 
 c 
 
 •a 
 
 d 
 1^ 
 
 3 
 1-5 
 
 8 
 
 d 
 
 e 
 
 y 
 
 u 
 
 ° s 
 
 Colony 
 
 113 
 
 123 
 
 112 
 
 123 
 
 112 
 
 123 
 
 112 
 
 123 
 
 112 
 
 123 
 
 112 
 
 123 
 
 112 
 
 123 
 
 Elk 
 
 163 
 137 
 
 87 
 47 
 
 164 
 137 
 
 87 
 47 
 
 164 
 137 
 
 87 
 47 
 
 164 
 137 
 
 87 
 47 
 
 164 
 137 
 
 87 
 47 
 
 164 
 137 
 
 87 
 47 
 
 164 
 137 
 
 87 
 
 Honey Creek 
 
 47 
 
 Kichland 
 
 97 
 
 53 
 
 97 
 
 63 
 
 97 
 
 53 
 
 97 
 
 53 
 
 97 
 
 53 
 
 97 
 
 53 
 
 97 
 
 63 
 
 Bremen 
 
 27 
 
 125 
 
 27 
 
 125 
 
 28 
 
 124 
 
 27 
 
 125 
 
 27 
 
 125 
 
 27 
 
 125 
 
 27 
 
 125 
 
 Oneida 
 
 250 
 
 84 
 
 250 
 
 84 
 
 250 
 
 84 
 
 260 
 
 84 
 
 250 
 
 84 
 
 250 
 
 84 
 
 250 
 
 84 
 
 Delaware •■ 
 
 476 
 
 220 
 
 478 
 
 220 
 
 479 
 
 219 
 
 478 
 
 220 
 
 478 
 
 220 
 
 478 
 
 220 
 
 478 
 
 220 
 
 Coffin's Grove 
 
 137 
 
 67 
 
 140 
 
 67 
 
 140 
 
 69 
 
 140 
 
 69 
 
 140 
 
 69 
 
 140 
 
 69 
 
 140 
 
 69 
 
 North Fork 
 
 68 
 
 89 
 
 69 
 
 88 
 
 69 
 
 88 
 
 69 
 
 88 
 
 69 
 
 88 
 
 69 
 
 88 
 
 69 
 
 88 
 
 Delhi 
 
 142 
 
 135 
 
 142 
 
 136 
 
 142 
 
 136 
 
 142 
 
 136 
 
 142 
 
 136 
 
 142 
 
 135 
 
 142 
 
 136 
 
 Milo 
 
 101 
 
 101 
 
 101 
 
 62 
 
 101 
 
 62 
 
 101 
 
 62 
 
 101 
 
 62 
 
 101 
 
 62 
 
 101 
 
 62 
 
 Prairie 
 
 75 
 
 43 
 
 76 
 
 42 
 
 76 
 
 42 
 
 76 
 
 42 
 
 76 
 
 42 
 
 76 
 
 42 
 
 76 
 
 42 
 
 South Fork 
 
 210 
 
 109 
 
 210 
 
 110 
 
 210 
 
 110 
 
 210 
 
 110 
 
 210 
 
 110 
 
 210 
 
 110 
 
 210 
 
 110 
 
 Union 
 
 77 
 
 60 
 
 76 
 
 60 
 
 76 
 
 60 
 
 76 
 
 60 
 
 76 
 
 60 
 
 76 
 
 60 
 
 76 
 
 60 
 
 Hazel Green 
 
 94 
 66 
 
 69 
 64 
 
 94 
 66 
 
 59 
 64 
 
 94 
 66 
 
 59 
 64 
 
 94 
 66 
 
 59 
 64 
 
 94 
 66 
 
 59 
 64 
 
 94 
 66 
 
 59 
 64 
 
 94 
 
 66 
 
 59 
 
 Adams 
 
 64 
 
 Total 
 
 2233 
 
 1466 
 
 2229 
 
 1427 
 
 2241 
 
 1427 
 
 2239 
 
 1429 
 
 2239 
 
 1429 
 
 2239 
 
 1428 
 
 2239 
 
 1429 
 
410 
 
 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 
 
 ABSTRACT OF VOTES.- 
 
 —Continued 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Member of 
 
 Congress 3U 
 
 District. 
 
 Judge of Cir- 
 cuit Court 
 9th Judicial 
 District. 
 
 Clerk of the 
 District 
 
 and Circuit 
 Courts. 
 
 Recorder. 
 
 Supervisor. 
 
 . 
 
 County Seat. 
 
 TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 4 
 •s 
 
 a 
 E-i 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 •-5 
 
 B5 
 
 a 
 S 
 
 1-8 
 
 d 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 .a 
 a 
 s 
 
 a 
 
 1-5 
 
 o 
 
 pi 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Colony 
 
 Elk 
 
 Honey Creek... 
 Richland 
 
 113 
 
 165 
 
 137 
 
 96 
 
 25 
 
 248 
 
 469 
 
 135 
 
 65 
 
 138 
 
 100 
 
 76 
 
 208 
 
 76 
 
 94 
 
 66 
 
 122 
 87 
 47 
 54 
 
 113 
 86 
 
 220 
 70 
 91 
 
 140 
 63 
 42 
 
 108 
 60 
 59 
 64 
 
 
 I 
 
 112 
 166 
 137 
 
 97 
 
 27 
 248 
 497 
 146 
 
 69 
 162 
 101 
 
 78 
 206 
 
 75 
 101 
 
 66 
 
 123 
 86 
 47 
 53 
 
 124 
 82 
 
 202 
 66 
 88 
 
 117 
 62 
 39 
 
 110 
 64 
 58 
 64 
 
 108 
 106 
 13G 
 
 97 
 
 27 
 248 
 481 
 142 
 
 70 
 155 
 100 
 
 73 
 213 
 
 76 
 101 
 
 66 
 
 127 
 
 144 
 48 
 53 
 
 124 
 82 
 
 219 
 69 
 87 
 
 122 
 63 
 43 
 
 102 
 63 
 60 
 64 
 
 112 
 
 150 
 
 136 
 
 89 
 
 27 
 
 239 
 
 445 
 
 133 
 
 67 
 
 138 
 
 80 
 
 26 
 
 183 
 
 75 
 
 94 
 
 36 
 
 123 
 
 97 
 48 
 61 
 
 124 
 95 
 
 254 
 76 
 90 
 
 140 
 82 
 89 
 
 123 
 64 
 66 
 93 
 
 34 
 
 155 
 
 152 
 
 124 
 
 1 
 
 71 
 611 
 121 
 
 84 
 252 
 151 
 102 
 293 
 124 
 153 
 123 
 
 165 
 
 72 
 
 31 
 
 15 
 
 148 
 
 260 
 
 77 
 
 84 
 
 73 
 
 27 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 26 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 35 
 
 
 234 
 
 163 
 135 
 90 
 32 
 183 
 415 
 110 
 69 
 133 
 90 
 77 
 208 
 74 
 94 
 66 
 
 88 
 
 49 
 
 60 
 
 119 
 
 146 
 
 270 
 
 98 
 
 88 
 
 141 
 
 73 
 
 40 
 
 107 
 
 62 
 
 59 
 
 64 
 
 24 
 
 251 
 
 
 183 
 
 
 
 139 
 149 
 
 
 
 
 331 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Coffin's Grove.. 
 North Fork.... 
 
 Delhi 
 
 Milo 
 
 
 
 688 
 
 
 
 205 
 
 
 
 157 
 
 
 279 
 
 j 
 
 157 
 
 1 
 
 115 
 
 South Fork 
 
 1 
 
 319 
 
 
 137 
 
 
 I 
 
 161 
 
 
 1 
 
 125 
 
 
 1 
 
 Total 
 
 2211 
 
 1426 
 
 1941 
 
 1464 
 
 2286 
 
 1385 
 
 2199 
 
 1470 
 
 2030 
 
 1625 
 
 2551 
 
 1013 
 
 35 ' 24 1 3630 
 
 DELAWARE COUNTY OFFICERS, A. D. 1841 TO A. D. 1878. 
 
 (When the county was first organized, in 1841, and for some years afterward, 
 the general election was held in August, generally on the first Monday of the 
 month, and ofiicers elect entered upon their duties at once.) 
 
 County Commissioners. — William H. Whiteside, William Eads and Daniel 
 Brown, 1841—42 ; William H. Whiteside, Simeon Phillips and Missouri Dick- 
 son, 1842-43; William H. Whiteside, Missouri Dickson and Simeon Phillips, 
 1843-44; Henry A. Carter, Simeon Phillips and Missouri Dickson, 1844—45; 
 Henry A. Carter, Lawrence McNamee and Simeon Phillips, 1845-46; Henry 
 A. Carter, Henry Baker and Samuel Mulliken, 1846-47 ; Henry A. Carter, 
 Samuel Mulliken and Henry Baker, 1847-48; Henry A. Carter, Samuel Mul- 
 liken and Daniel H. Thornburg, 1848—49 ; Lawrence McNamee, Daniel H. 
 Tliornburg and Henry A. Carter, 1849-50; Lawrence McNamee, Daniel H. 
 Thornburg and John W. Penn, 1850-51. (Office abolished, 1850.) 
 
 JUDGES OF PROBATE. 
 
 Roland Aubrey, 1841-44; Clement Coffin, 1844-47; A. K. Eaton, 
 1847-50; Z. A. Wellman, 1850-51. (Office changed to County Judge, 1850.) 
 
 COUNTY JUDGES. 
 
 John Benson, 1851-55; Frederick B. Doolittle, 1855-57; A. E. House, 
 1857-GO; Joel Bailey, 1860-01. (Confined to probate powers when County 
 Board of Supervisors were created, in 1860.) Z. A. Wellman, 1861-65; Jere- 
 miah B. Boggs, 1866-69. (Office abolished, 1869.) 
 
 SUPERVISORS. 
 
 (In LS60, the County Judge system of county government was abolished, 
 and a Board consisting of one Supervisor from each township was constituted. 
 One-half of the first Board served one year and the other half two years, after 
 which eight members were elected annually for two years.) 
 
 For 1861, Z. D. Scobey, Chairman ; John H. Burrington, Joseph Lichten- 
 bergh, Charles H. Carpenter, Clement Coffin, William Price, William Crozier, 
 Peter Richardson, Silas Gilmore, Ephraim Frost, Francis McFall, Aaron Rich- 
 
HISTORY OF DEL AAV ARE COUNTY. 417 
 
 ardson, Samuel P. Whittaker, Christopher L. Flint, Daniel Fuller, Daniel 
 Sheldon. 
 
 For 1862, Silas Gilmore, Chairman; E. K. Frost, C. T. Peet, D. Sheldon, 
 Francis Rubly, F. McFall, Noble Ruggles, Abram Parliman, Philip Stoner, 
 John M. Brayton, William Crozier, P. Richardson, S. P. Whittaker, C. L. 
 Flint, Daniel Flint. 
 
 For 1863, N. Ruggles, Chairman; Joseph Grimes, Job Gildersleeve, C. T. 
 Peet, S. A. Thompson, F. Rubly, William Cattron, P. Stoner, W. Crozier, 
 James Harper, S. P. Whittaker, B. P. Miller, W. G. Campbell, Francis Schultz, 
 William M. Hartshorn. 
 
 For 1864, J. Gildersleeve, Chairman; J. Grimes, 0. S. Boggess, S. A. 
 Thompson, T. Rubly, Cummings Sanborn, Ferdinand Dunham, A. Parliman, 
 P. Stoner, W. M. Hartshorn, W. Crozier, D. K. Fox, J. Harper, S. P. Whit^ 
 taker, B. P. Miller, W. G. Campbell. 
 
 For 1865, 0. S. Boggess, Chairman ; J. Grimes, H. C. Drybread, F. Rubly, 
 C. Sanborn, F. Dunham, D. P. Baker, P. Stoner, W. M. Hartshorn, W. Cro- 
 zier, George Cowell, Leroy Jackson, S. P. Whittaker, J. M. Ames, D. Fuller, 
 H. G. Doolittle. 
 
 For 1866, Joseph Grimes, Chairman; H. C. Drybread, Alexander Loban, 
 S. A. Thompson, James Le Gassick, C. Sanborn, F. Dunham, D. P. Baker, 
 John Galyean, Samuel F. Parker, W. Crozier, Thomas J. Annis, L. Jackson, 
 S. P. Whittaker, J. M. Annis, D. Fuller. 
 
 For 1867, J. Grimes, Chairman ; Charles Malven, A. Loban, Daniel Shel- 
 don, J. Le Gassick, Richard Boon, F. Dunham, D. P. Baker, John Galyean, S. 
 F, Parker, W. Crozier, T. J. Annis, Wm. Spence, J. M. Annis, Christopher L. 
 Flint, Patrick Donnelly. 
 
 For 1868, C. L. Flint, Chairman; Joseph Chapman, C. Malven, C. T. 
 Peet, D. Sheldon, J. Le Gassick, R. Boon, Wm. Cattron, R. Norton, Jesse B. 
 Bailey, R. Holdridge, John Brownell, H. Gardner, W. Spence, J. M. Annis, 
 P. Donnelly, D. P. Baker. 
 
 For 1869, R. Norton, Chairman; A. G. Smith, J. Chapman, W. Cattron, J, 
 Le Gassick, Thomas Conner, C. Sanborn, R. Holdridge, J. H. Campbell, Henry 
 Elhers, H. Gardner, J. Brownell, C. Malven, C. T. Peet, Philip Dale, J. B. 
 Bailey. 
 
 For 1870, R. Norton, Chairman; H. M. Congar, 0. E. Taylor, Charles 
 Malven, J. H. Campbell, H. Elhers, J. F. Jackson, J. Chapman, Philip Dale, 
 A. G. Smith, C- Sanborn, Albert Boomer, M. P. Spencer, Thomas Conner, J. 
 Le Gassick, William Ford. (Township system abolished April 14, 1870, and 
 succeeded by a board of three, elected by the county.) 
 
 For 7870, Ferdinand Dunham, Chairman ; Joseph Chapman, J. Salisbury. 
 
 For 1871, F. Dunham, Chairman ; J. Chapman, Jesse B. Bailey. 
 
 For 1872, Same. 
 
 For 1873, Same. 
 
 For 1874, Same. 
 
 For 1875, J. B. Bailey, Chairman ; F. Dunham, H. C. Merriam. 
 
 For 1876, F. Dunham, Chairman ; H. C. Merriam, George Staehle. 
 
 For 1877, Henry C. Merriam, Chairman ; G. Staehle, F. Dunham. 
 
 For 1878, G. Staehle, Chairman : F. Dunham, James L. Gassick. 
 
 Clerks of the Courts. — (The offices of Clerk of the Courts and Clerk of 
 County Commissioners and Supervisors were held by the same person,, 
 although distinct under the law, until the creation of the office of County 
 Auditor.) Charles W. Hobbs, 1841 to 1846; J. W. Clark, 1846-7; C. W. 
 
418 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Hobbs 1847-50; James E. Anderson, 1850-51; William Price, 1851-4; 
 James' Wright, 1854-62; Eli 0. Clemens, 1863-8; A. J. Brown, 1869-72; 
 G B Beveridge, 1873-4 ; Jerome B. Satterlee, 1875-. 
 
 Recorders.— John Padelford, 1841 ; Charles W. Hobbs, 1842-7 ; William 
 Phillips 1847-53; Zina A. Wellman, 1854-5; George Wattson, 1856-7; 
 Joel Bailey, 1858-9; Ray B. Griffin, 1861; Z. D. Scobey, 1862-3; 0. E. 
 Taylor, 1864-5 ; W. H. IL Blanchard, 1866-7 ; Henry Harger, 1868-74 ; 
 Henry C. Jackson, 1875-. 
 
 Auditor. — Jeremiah B. Boggs, 1869-. 
 
 Sheriffs. — Lerov Jackson, 1841-4 ; John W. Penn, 1844-50 ; Isaac Smith, 
 1850-3 ;' John W." Penn, 1853-5'; Cornelius T. Peet, 1855-7 ; Samuel F. 
 Parker, 1857-9; Rensselaer Eddy, 1859-61; Jeremiah B. Boggs, 1862-3; 
 Ancil E. Martin, 1864-5; Wm. M. Williams, 1868-9; C H. Smith. 1870-1; 
 Abner Dunham, 1872-5 ; John W. Corbin, 1876-7 : E. S. Cowles, 1878-. 
 
 County Treasurers. — Robert B. Hutson, 1841-2; Theodore Marks, 
 1842-3 ; Joel Bailey, 1843-4 ; Drury R. Dance, 1844 (murdered February, 
 1845) ; Oliver A. Olmstead, appointed to fill vacancy, 1845 ; Joel Bailey, 
 1845-6 ; Ira A. Green, 1846-7 ; William Phillips, 1847-53 ; Zina A. Well- 
 man, 1853-5 ; George Watson, 1855-7 ; Joel Bailey, 1858-9 ; Ray B. Griffin, 
 1860-61 ; Z. D. Scobey, 1862-5 ; Joseph M. Holbrook, 1866-. 
 
 County Surveyors.— 3 oe\ Bailey, 1841-7 ; John W. Clark, 1847-53 ; Joel 
 Bailey, 1853-5; W. P. Cunningham, 1855-7; Hiram D. Wood, 1857-9; 
 Henry L. Ryan, 1860-61 ; Charles Harger, 1862-3 ; James G. Verplank, 
 1864-5; Henry G. Doolittle, 1866-71; Silas Sawyer, 1872-5; Orin E. 
 Noble, 1876-. 
 
 School Fund Commissioners. — John Benson, 1849—51; Joel Bailey, 
 1851-3 ; Peter Case, 1854-5 ; John Hefner, 1855-6. 
 
 County Superintendents of Schools. — Horatio N. Gates, 1858-9 ; Ezra F. 
 Chase, 1860-61 ; John L. McOreery, 1862-3 ; Rodney W. Tirrell, 1864-7 ; 
 Ferdinand W. Dunham, 1867 ; Samuel Calvin, 1868; Jerome B. Satterlee, 
 1869 : John Kennedy, 1870-71 ; William H. Merton, 1872-5 ; Robert M. 
 Ewart, 1876-. 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE. 
 
 Assembly. — Arial K. Eaton, 1850-53 ; James M. Noble, 1856-7 ; Joseph 
 Grimes, 1858-9 ; John W. Le Lacheur, 1860-61 ; Salue G. Van Anda, 1862-3 ; 
 Joseph W. Simpson, 1864-5 ; Albert Boomer, 1866-7 ; Cummings Sanborn, 
 186^^-71; Cornelius T. Peet, 1872-5; Joseph Chapman, 1876-7-8-. 
 
 Senate. — John M. Braytcm (Rep.), 1864-5, 1866-7; Joseph Grimes, 
 (Rep.), 1868-9, 1870-1; Albert Boomer (Rep.), 1872-3, 1874-5; Lewis G. 
 Hersey (Rep.), 1876-7 . Charles E. Bronson (Dem.), 1878-. 
 
 Third Constitutional Conventio7i. — John H. Peters, 1858. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 
 
 Colony. — Assessor, Lawrence McNamee ; Clerk, F. A. Grimes ; Trustees, 
 Thomas Cole, G. W. Rea and George F. Potts ; Constable to fill vacancy, Rob- 
 ert Carrie; Road Supervisors, District No. 2, J. Landis, Jr.; No. 3, H. Hub- 
 bard ; No. 4, H. H. Klaus ; No. 5, John Morten ; No. 6, John C. Wood ; No. 
 7, A. B. Holbert; No. 8, H. Dittmcr; No. 9, C. Bockenstedt. 
 
 Elk. — Justice, M. Blodgett ; Assessor, Jonathan Fosselman ; Clerk, Jona- 
 than Fosselman ; Trustees, J. S. Drybread, C. S. Taylor and R. H. Mason ; 
 Constable, H. Wilson ; Road Supervisors, none elected. 
 
SHERIFF DELHI 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 421 
 
 Honey Creek. — Justice, James K. Alcorn ; Assessor, C. T. Peet ; Clerk, 
 Seymour Piatt ; Trustees, J. F. Graham, Robert Fishel and Elias Way ; Con- 
 stables. G. S. Snover, H. C. Steele ; Road Supervisors, District No. 1, R. N. 
 Steele ; No. 2, F. B. Peet ; No. 3, H. Ryan ; No. 4, J. E. Eldredge ; No. 5, 
 William Parker ; No. 6, E. L. Jerrod ; No. 7, R. Van Sickle ; No. 8, C. A. 
 Grow. 
 
 Richland. — Assessor, W. P. Sheldon ; Clerk, L. S. Sherwin ; Trustees, H. 
 Middleton; A. E. LaAvrence, William Weston ; Constable, V. Wheeler ; Road 
 Supervisor, District ISo. 2, Thomas Clark. 
 
 Bremen. — Justice, Jacob Klespies ; Assessor, Arnold Bockenstedt ; Clerk, 
 F. Rubly ; Trustees, A. Honkamp, A. Bockenstedt, F. Kramer ; Road Super- 
 visors. District No. 1, B. D. Naber; No. 2, A. Honkamp; No. 3, B. Nurre; No. 
 
 4, Conrad Schmenker ; No. 5, John Schleikman ; No. 6, John Kenn. 
 
 Oneida. — Assessor, R. H. Van Wagenen ; Clerk, L Wheelock, Jr.; Trus- 
 tees, John Cruise, Jr., Delos Gillespie, W. W. Shaw ; Road Supervisors, Dis- 
 trict No. 1, J. Box; No. 2, E. Hulbert; No. 3, M. F. Hunt; No. 4, J. Deily; 
 No. 5, J. Medland ; No. 6, J. Breckon. 
 
 Delaivare. — Justice, Charles Husted ; Assessor, H. L. Ryan ; Clerk, S. L. 
 Doggett ; Trustees, Alonzo Shew, Ira Howland, Lewis Paxson ; Road Super- 
 visors, none elected. 
 
 Coffin's Grove. — Assessor, Oscar Wellman ; Clerk, F. S. Harris ; Trustees, 
 T. E. Smith, C. P. Tripp, David Buck ; Road Supervisors, District No. 1, C. 
 Glitcher; No. 2, G. Trumblee; No. 3, R. P. Harris; No. 4, William Cook; No. 
 
 5, M. S. Van Auken; No. 6, P. McCann; No. 7, H. G. Wellman; No. 8, John 
 Conner ; No. 9, H. Hilton. 
 
 North Fork. — Assessor, J. B. Galyean ; Clerk, E. B. Gould ; Trustees, 
 Robert Nicholson, J. J. Smith, H. Arnold; Constable. A. Macomber; Road 
 Supervisors, District No. 2, Simon Ganser ; No. 3, A. Macomber ; No. 4, Rich- 
 ard Cook; No. 5, John Goldsmith; No. 6, Eli Ruddlesdin; No. 7, C. Page. 
 
 Delhi. — Assessor, Samuel Allison, Sr. ; Clerk, Henry Harger ; Trustees, R. 
 W. Furman, L. Terpening, Mortimer Smith ; Road Supervisors, District No. 
 1, John W . Corbin ; No. 2, Wm. Robinson ; No. 3, V. M. Babcock ; No. 4, An- 
 drew Sweeney ; No. 5. a tie on A. Tegard and J. Crosier; No. 6, Frank Real; 
 No. 7, C. T. "Fitzsimmons ; No. 8, Mr. Wheelock; No. 9, J. Pettilon. 
 
 Milo. — Assessor, L, F. Muckler ; Clerk, H. G. Porter; Trustees, William 
 Crosier, Judson Muzzy, S. R. Young ; Constable, Joseph Kenney ; Road 
 Supervisors, District No. 1, a tie on M. Banning and T. Elder ; No. 2, Isaac 
 Wright ; No. 3, A. Estabrook ; No. 4, John Wiser ; No. 5, Jacob Banta ; No. 6, 
 John Clark; No. 7, A. F. Tanquary; No. 8, E. M. Hamblin ; No. 9, a tie on 
 
 Judson Muzzy and George Belknap; No. 10, S. R. Young; No. 11, H. J. 
 
 Vanfleet. 
 
 Prairie. — Justice, Fred. Durey ; Assessor, Geo. E. Gemmill ; Clerk, H. C. 
 
 Wiley ; Trustees, James Lendrum, Andrew Miller, H. Stiles ; Constables, 
 
 Albert Durey, J. D. Annis ; Road Supervisors, District No. 1, R. W. Porte- 
 
 ous; No. 2, H. W. Lawrence; No. 3, W. B. Britton ; No. 4, R. F. Stewart; No. 
 
 5, Michael Hahessy; No. 6, J. S. Barry; No. 7, Thomas Hines; No. 8, C. W. 
 
 Carrothers. 
 
 South Fork. — Assessor, Charles Crocker ; Clerk. J. A. Rollins ; Trustees, 
 
 G. R. Browder, G. H. Crawford. E. M. Chaplin ; Road Supervisors, District 
 
 No. 2, E. Green; No. 3, D. H. Tate; No. 4, Alex. Livingstone; No. 5, R. L. 
 
 Ambrose; No. 6, John Mullen; No. 7, Thos. Dewalt; No. 8, H. W. Reed; No. 
 
 9. G. II. Brown. 
 
422 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Union. — Assessor, R. C. Winch; Clerk. Ed. Barnes; Trustees, J. D. 
 Smith, J. C. Thompson, Wm. Porter; Constable, J. E. Stanger ; Road Super- 
 visors,' District No. 1, W. B. Keith ; No. 2, Wm. Loveland ; No. 3, Nicholas 
 Wilson; No. 4, Thomas Kelley; No. 5, John Lyon; No. 6, W. B. Wheelis. 
 
 Hazel Green. — Assessor, C. H. Stilhvell ; Clerk, C. H. Stillwell; Trustees, 
 S. S. Squires, William Thomas, B. P. Miller; Road Supervisors, District No. 
 1, N. Green ; No. 2, W^m. P. Dickey ; No. 3, Clarence Tinkham ; No. 4, S. S. 
 Squires; No. 5, D. O'Kane; No. 6, J. Grover; No. 7, M. Summers; No. 8, S. 
 Ellison. 
 
 Adams. — Assessor, Dennis Magirl ; Clerk, Wm. Dover; Trustees, A. G. 
 Todd, Henry Ehlers, James Robinson ; Road Supervisors, District No. 1, W^. 
 
 F. Titus; No. 2, J. Magirl; No. 3, J. Robinson ; No. 4, P. McEnany; No. 5, A. 
 
 G. Todd; No. 6, J. K. Hallam ; No. 7, P. Beham; No. 8, Christopher Smith. 
 
 SOCIETY OF EARLY SETTLERS OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 On W^ednesday, January 17, 1877, the pioneers of Delaware County assem- 
 bled in goodly numbers in the City Hall at Manchester. E. 0. Clemens, Esq., 
 was called to the chair, and Mr. E. Healy elected Secretary. The objects of the 
 meeting were stated by Mr. B. H. Keller, after which a constitution was adopted 
 "and officers elected as follows ; 
 
 President, Hon. Joel Bailey ; Vice Presidents, J. S. BaiTy, Prairie ; B. H. 
 Keller, Delaware; John Magirl, Adams ; L. McNamee, Colony ; John Lilli- 
 bridge, Milo ; Aaron Sullivan, Coffin's Grove ; A. A. Strong, Honey Creek ; 
 H. D. W^ood, Richland ; A. Parliman, Elk ; John W. Penn, Delhi ; James 
 Le Gassick, Bremen ; William Nicholson, North Fork ; Leroy Jackson, South 
 Fork ; C. L. Flint, Hazel Green ; S. B. W^hittaker, Union, and H. C. Merry, 
 Oneida, Secretary ; L. L. Ayers, Recording Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 By a vote of the society, the wives of all pioneers were declared honorary 
 members. 
 
 The following is the roll of members so far as can be ascertained, with the 
 places of nativity and date of settlement in Delaware County : • 
 
 Joel Bailey, born in New York, came to Delaware County, March, 1888 ; 
 Henry Baker, New Y'^ork, June, 1841 ; John Lillibridge, Mrs. J. Lillibridge, 
 New York, October, 1843 ; Aaron Sullivan, Ohio, November, 1844 ; C G. 
 Reynolds, Pennsylvania, 1844; Mrs. S. E. Tilton, Pennsylvania, 1845; E. D. 
 Olmstead, New York, 1847 ; Joseph S. Belknap, Vermont, May, 1848 ; H. D. 
 Wood, Kentucky, November, 1848 ; E. Tilton, Pennsylvania, 1850 ; G. R. 
 Buckley, New York, 1850 ; D. S. Potter, Ncav York, May. 1850 ; Henry Acers, 
 New York, March, 1850; S. Knickerbocker, New York, 1851; James Lewis- 
 ton, Ireland, June, 1852 ; E. J. Skinner, New York, 1852 ; J. C. Skinner, 
 New York, 1852 ; N. Andrews, New York, 1852 ; T. Crosby, Massachusetts, 
 1852 ; J. W. Bobbins, Massachusetts, 1852 ; Allen Love, Scotland, September^ 
 
 1852 ; W. Potter, Iowa, November 18, 1852 ; Mrs. T. Crosby, Massachusetts, 
 1852; Mrs. E. A. Strong, New York, 1853; Mrs. W. B. Smith, New York, 
 
 1853 ; AV. B. Smith, Canada, Spring, 1853 ; A. Swindle, Ireland, April, 1853 ; 
 Jas. McLaughlin, Ireland, 1853 ; A. A. Strong, Ohio, 1853 ; Rufus Dickinson, 
 New York, May, 1«53 ; Chauncey M. Mead, Indiana, May, 1853; J. F. Gil- 
 lespie, Michigan, Fall, 1853; W. J. Doolittle, New York, October, 1853; H. 
 L. Ryan, New York. July, 1854; H. Munson. New York, 1854; S. P. Mo- 
 shier, New York, 1854; M. Eldridge, June. 1854 ; William Ryan, New York, 
 1854; S. J. Edmonds, W^inter, 1854; Mrs. A. Kirkpatrick, May, 1854; 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 423 
 
 William Cattron, May, 1854; B. M. Amsden, New York, Spring, 1854; Jus- 
 tin Ilealy, Vermont, 1854 : H. P. Du%, Ohio, Spring, 1854 ; E. Healy, Can 
 ada East, May, 1854 ; J. B. Robertson, Prince Edward's Island, 1854 ; Mrs. 
 H. Ryan, New York, 1858 ; A. N. Smith, Winter, 1855 ; E. L. Tomlinson, 
 1855 ; John Towslee, Spring, 1855 ; Mrs. F. Dunham, New York, February, 
 1855 ; I. U. Butler, New York, Spring, 1855 ; F. Dunham, New York, Feb., 
 1855 ; W. H. Hollister, New York, 1855 ; A. Shew, New York, 1855; Thos. Too- 
 good, England, Jan., 1855; S. G. Van Anda, Pennsylvania, April, 1855; S. R. 
 Young, Maryland, Oct., 1855 ; James Dunham, Indiana, 1855 ; Henry Lister, 
 England, March, 1855 ; Thomas Hilliar, England, 1855 ; F. Bethell, England, 
 1855; W. H. Board, June, 1855 ; A. Kirkpatrick, Indiana, 1855; R. M. Marvin' 
 Ohio, 1855 ; A. Dunham, Indiana, 1855 ; Edson Merrell, New Hampshire, Aug., 
 1855 ; H. M. Congar, New York, March, 18^6 ; Oliver Cronk, New York,' 
 April, 1856; E. Hamblin, New. York, 1856; E. P. Orvis, New York, 1856; 
 L. S. Shirwin, New York, 1856 ; B. H. Keller, New York, April, 1856 ; John 
 S. Barry, Massachusetts, April, 1856 ; Alfred Durev, England, April, 1856 ; 
 Mrs. Alfred Durey, England, April, 1856; R. W. Tirrell, New Hampshire,' 
 November, 1856 ; D. Young, Maryland, 1856 ; Mrs. E. Hamblin, Ohio' 
 Spring, 1856 ; D. P. Ferris, Ohio, 1856 ; D. Magiri, Ireland, May, 1856 ; a! 
 H. McKay, Virginia,. April, 1856; James Clugston, Indiana, August, 1856; 
 N. Denton, England, 1856 ; Chas. Paxson, Pennsylvania, 1856 ; John Magiri, 
 Ireland, 1856 ; D. Pierce, Massachusetts, 1856 ; G. S. Snover, New Jersey 
 March, 1856 ; Mrs.' E. P. Orvis, Maine, 1856 ; A. F. Coon, New York, June^ 
 1857 ; H. N. Cornish, New York, 1857 ; D. R. Lewis,. New York, 1857 ; A.' 
 Sheldon, Massachusetts, April, 1857 ; Thomas Vibbard, New York, 1858 ; A. 
 S. Blair, New York, October, 1858 ; Seth Brown, England, January, 1858 ; 
 J. U. Schelling, Switzeriand, 1858 ; J. B. Frentress, Illinois, March, 1860; L. 
 S. Gates, Ohio, 1860 ; Mrs. J. F. Gillespie, Michigan, June, 1861 ; S. W. Green, 
 New York, 1861 ; E. 0. Clemans, Massachusetts, June, 1855 ; Alfred Coates, 
 New York, October, 1854 ; Ann Coates, New York, Oct., 1854 ; Philemon Stowe', 
 Thomas E. Averitt, Wisconsin, July, 1855: William S. Adams, from Penn- 
 sylvania, 1854; Thomas Cole, New York, June, 1847; Daniel S. Cairl, Penn- 
 sylvania, November, 1854; Michael Cole, Tennessee, September, 1853; Thos. 
 Carrigan, Canada, November, 1851; Benj. Coleman, Pennsylvania, April, 1850 ; 
 Marion Cloud, Pennsylvania, November, 1848 ; Francis Curler, Vermont, June, 
 1849; George Conrad, Illinois, April, 1849; Joseph Chapman, New York, 
 December, 1850; P. C. Boisinger, Pennsylvania, April, 1847; Wm. Bohnen- 
 kamp, Germany, August, 1846; John V. Bush, Pennsylvania, October, 1852; 
 Wm. Barker, Rhode Island, 1857; Geo. W. Bush, Pennsylvania, 1853; C. 
 Bockenstedt, Germany, 1856; James Dickson, Indiana, 1857; Robert Dickson, 
 Scotland, 1851; Wm. Ellis, New York, i860; John Fishel, Ohio, June, 1850; 
 Joseph Grimes, New York, June, 1845 ; Wm. H. Graves, New Hampshire, 
 April, 1848; G. H. Goodken, Ohio, 1846; J. Hubbard, Connecticut, April, 
 1841; Patrick Hogan. Pennsylvania, May, 1845; Hezekiah Hubbard, Penn- 
 sylvania, 1846; James Hughes, New York, May, 1852; Harmie Hulbert, 
 Illinois, May, 1853 ; Joseph Holbert, Pennsylvania, April, 1855; Jerome B. 
 Jacobs, New York, June, 1856 ; John D. Klaus, Missouri, August, 1842 ; 
 H. H. Klaus, Missouri, June, 1845; Anton Knipling, Germany, June, 1854; 
 Rudolph Keller, Pennsylvania, March, 1855; Henry Kipp, Illinois, April, 
 1857; David Knee, Pennsylvania, April, 1855; S. G. Knee, Pennsylvania, 
 April, 1855; John H. Knee, Pennsylvania, April, 1855; James Knee, Penn- 
 sylvania, April, 1855; Frank Keller, Pennsylvania, March, 1855; 0. H. T. 
 
424 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Knee, Pennsylvania. April, 1855; Jacob Landis, Pennsylvania, April, 1842; 
 Joshua Landis, Pennsylvania, April, 1842; Jacob Landis, Jr., Pennsylvania, 
 April. 1842; Theo. Ltinipman, Germany, April, 1849; B. H. Lulirsman, Ohio, 
 April, 1855; J. B. Moreland, Pennsylvania, April, 1839; George Link, Ger- 
 many,' April, 1858 ; Fred. Merten, Missouri, May, 1848 ; John S. Merten, 
 Missouri, September, 1843; L. McNamee, Missouri, September, 1842; E. L. 
 McNamee, Missouri, September, 1842; Joseph Malvin, Pennsylvania, Septem- 
 ber, 1846; John McMali^n, Iowa, September, 1846; F. C. Nichols, New York, 
 Septembei', 1852; Herman Ovel, Germany, September, 1852; John Piatt, 
 Pennsylvania, September, 1843; Jacob Piatt, Pennsylvania, September, 1843; 
 Jeremiah Page, Missouri, September, 1847 ; Perry Perkins, Missouri, Septem- 
 ber, 1848; Daniel Partridge, Ohio, September, 1853; James Rutherford, Illi- 
 nois, Julv, 1838; Wm. Reueepiper, Germany, July, 1846; G. W. Rea, Ohio, 
 July, 1848; A. Ree, Ohio, July, 1848 ; Geo, T. Rea, Ohio, July, 1848; R. 
 Steadman, Canada, July, 1855; Chas. Simon, New Ycrk, May, 1849; F. B. 
 Simons. New York, April, 1849; Jacob D. Smith, Pennsylvania, April, 1843; 
 Philip Stillinger, Ohio, 1855; Edward Smout, Pennsylvania, April, 1852; Ja- 
 cob II. Smith, Pennsylvania, April, 1858; Henry Tapka, Ohio, April, 1855; 
 John C. Wood, England, June, 1848; R. Wilson, New York, May, 1851; A. 
 Partridge, Ohio, April, 1853. 
 
 The society resolved to meet at Manchester, June 13, 1877, and the arrange- 
 ment was to have a picnic dinner at the Park ; but the weather being inaus- 
 picious, the meeting was held in the City Hall, and the dinner served in the 
 Mayor's office. The programme has been published for the second re-union, to 
 be held at .Manchester, Wednesday. June 12, 1878. 
 
 DELAWARE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
 
 The first Agricultural Society in Delaware was organized at Delhi, in 1855, 
 the preliminary meeting being held in J. M. Brayton's law office. Officers were 
 elected, and the association was regularly incorporated June 9th, of that year, 
 with John Hefner, President, and J. M. Brayton, Secretary. The other incor- 
 porators were J. W. Penn, A. E. House, L. Burrington, David Connor, George 
 Shelden, James Wright, Hiram Kaster, Sealy Raster, B. Raster, 0. S. Boggs, 
 Alexander Loban, Marshall Hancock and F. B. Doolittle. A fair was held 
 that year, the Court House being appropriated for the floral and art hall, and 
 the fair of 1856 was held at the Court House also. It is stated that Asa Belden, 
 who had rented N. Wilson's farm, exhibited at the fair of 1855 some wheat he 
 had raised that season, and that Wilson competed with him from the same crop. 
 A dispute arose as to who should receive the premium ; but how the matter was 
 settled is not recorded. 
 
 When the fairs were held at the Court House, an entry fee was exacted from 
 exhibitors, which enabled the society to pay its preiniums. The last two fairs 
 were held on the land owned by Andrew Stone, just north of the village, and 
 hei'e an admission fee was chargef/, the percentage on , premiums being aban- 
 doned. It is said that the exhibitions, considering the youth of the county and 
 its scanty population, were very creditable, and one or two especially so. 
 
 In l^i(iO, the society indicated a willingness to locate permanently at such 
 town as should offer the most substantial inducements in the way of ground and 
 buildings. Accordingly the people of Nottingham (Earlville), Delaware, Man- 
 chester and Delhi submitted propositions. The society appointed Mr. Robin- 
 son, of Prairie, H. D. Wood, of Richland, and L. McNamee, of Colony, a com- 
 mittee to visit the i)roposed sites and report thereon. Robinson and Wood re- 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 425 
 
 ported in favor of Manchester, the proposition from that town pledging $1,500 
 in money and the use of forty acres of ground owned by Allen Love. The 
 society met to consider the report, which was concurred in by Mr. McNamee 
 except as to the recommendation of Manchester. The vote of the Directors 
 split up, Manchester having just half, and the other towns having each a few 
 votes. The situation grew critical, but, it is said, a solution was reached by a 
 hurried consultation between a keen-witted resident of Manchester and a gentle- 
 man who was once Sheriff of the county, and at that time owner of a large tract 
 of land just west of Manchester. These gentlemen concluded that a ten-dollar 
 bill, judiciously invested, would be a persuasive argument with the Director 
 from Union. His vote was won, and Manchester had secured the prize. Her 
 delegation hurried home to make a night of it with an oyster supper and the 
 music of an anvil. The society employed an attorney to draw up a lease be- 
 tween that body and Mr. Love, but that gentleman would not sign the docu- 
 ment as prepared. The Board afterward met and reconsidered its vote, defeating 
 the application of Manchester and making the expenditure of the ten dollars, just 
 alluded to, a needless one, and the society remained at Delhi. 
 
 The last annual fair was held in 1861. The outbreak of the civil war, 
 together with the disgust of the unsuccessful contestants for the location of the 
 society, tended to impair its usefulness, and the corporation quietly yielded up 
 the ghost. 
 
 About 1868, the farmers of Delaware had organized a Farmers' Club, which 
 held monthly meetings at Manchester, the records of which are not now 
 accessible. March 3, 1866, this club held a meeting in Manchester. At this 
 meeting, a committee that had been previously appointed reported that nothing 
 had been accomplished in regard to fair grounds. The sam. committee was 
 then instructed to call a meeting of the citizens of the county at Manchester, 
 on the l7th day of March, 1866, to organize a County Agricultural Society for 
 Delaware County. 
 
 On the day appointed, a large number of citizens assembled in Carpenter's 
 Hall. A. F. Coon was elected Chairman of the convention, and A. S. Blair, 
 Secretary. March 17th, 1866, an Agricultural Society was formed, with the 
 following officers : President, T. Crosby ; Treasurer, F. Dunham ; Secretary. 
 L. S. Gates ; Vice Presidents, S. Gihnore, H. C. Drybread, 0. S. Boggs, 'H. D. 
 Wood, H. Gardner, N. Ruggles, C. Sanborn, James Le Gassick, Philip Stoner, 
 Washington J. Graham, J. J. Cleveland, T. J. Annis, James Robinson, N. J. 
 Wolcott, A. P. Blanchard, Leroy Jackson. An effort was made to procure fair 
 grounds. Several meetings were held, but the organization apparently lacked 
 vitality, and after lingeri ig about a year, it ceased to be. 
 
 In 1869, the project was revived, and, upon call, a meeting of the farmers 
 of Delaware County was held in Burnside Hall, Manchester, January 30, , 
 1869, for the purpose of organizing an Agricultural Society. N. Ruggles was 
 Chairman of the meeting, and J. Piper, Secretary. At this meeting a consti- 
 tution was adopted and adjourned to February 20th, when the organization of 
 the Delaware County Agricultural Society was fully organized by clioice of the 
 following officers : President, N. Ruggles ; Vice President. W. J. Graham ; 
 Secretary, J. Piper ; Treasurer, C. L. Flint ; Directors, Silas Gillmore, Colony ; 
 J. H. Robinson, Elk ; A. A. Strong, Honey Creek ; H. D. Wood, Richland ; 
 J. Le Gassick, Bremen ; H. C. Merry, Oneida; A. F. Coon, Delaware; A. Sul- 
 livan, Coffin's Grove ; J. B. Bailey, North Fork ; A. E. Martin, Delhi ; 0. E. 
 Taylor, Milo ; M. Stimpson, Prairie ; P. H. Warner, South Fork ; J. M. Ames, 
 Union; J. B. Dickey, Hazel Green; James Taylor, Adams. Messrs. Coon, 
 
426 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Graham and Flint were appointed a committee on gronnds ; Messrs. Ruggles, 
 Coon and Graham, a committee to canvass for subscriptions in aid of fixing up 
 the o-rounds. March 19th. Mr. A. Shehlon, who had a tract east of the town, 
 proposed to lease the grounds, forty-five rods front, to the Society for a fair, to 
 be held in the Fall, for fifty dollars. Accepted. These grounds were after- 
 ward leased for a term of years and fitted up expressly for the use of the So- 
 ciety. The first exhibition and fair was held September 22, 23 and 24, 18(39, 
 with such gratifying results that the permanent success of the Society was 
 determined beyond (juestion. 
 
 At this fair, $1,000 was distributed for premiums. In 1874, premiums 
 amounting to §1,520.50 were awarded. In 1876, $1,003.00 were paid for 
 premiums, and the total receipts were |1,763.17. In 1877, the total receipts 
 were §2.205.82 ; paid out for premiums, $1,250 ; and March 5, 1878, there 
 was a balance in the treasury of $87.82. 
 
 Anv person can become a life member of the Society on payment of $20 ; 
 for five years, $5.00. The Society, in 1876, had 294 members. Officers 1878 : 
 President, B. H. Keller; Vice Pr sident, F. Dunham; Secretary, Watson 
 Childs ; Treasurer, Samuel Allison ; Directors, John Young, Elk ; A. A. 
 Strong, Honey Creek ; H. D. Wood, Richland ; G. W. Long, Oneida ; M. 
 Eldridge. Mdo ; George E. Gemmill, Prairie ; Anthony Swindle, Adams ; P. H. 
 Warner, South Fork ; John Piatt, Colony ; S. P. Peters, Coffin's Grove ; 
 Lumaii Sly, Delaware ; J. Le Gassick, Bremen ; J. B. Bailey, North Fork ; E. J. 
 Delemater, Delhi ; W. G. Dickey, Hazel Green ; Wm. Danford, Union. 
 
 DELAWARE COUNTY FARMERS' INSTITUTE. 
 
 This organization was planned and' organized by the County Council of 
 Patrons of Husbandry, and holds its sessions annually for three days and four 
 evenings, commencing on the Tuesday evening on or before the full moon in 
 January. The first session was held at Manchester, January, 1875 ; the second 
 at Earlville, the third at Delaware, and the fourth, in 1878, at Manchester. 
 Two months prior to each session, topics are selected by a committee of three, 
 appointe<l for that purpose. Three or more speakers are assigned to each topic, 
 each to have twenty minutes. These discussions, together with essays, addresses, 
 etc., interspersed with vocal music, constitute the exercises, all conducted by 
 farmers, their wives, sons and daughters. "These institutes," says Mr. L. 
 0. Stevens, " have hitherto commanded large and full attendance, as well as 
 the profound respect of the citizens of the county, and are a tower of strength 
 and influence in advancing the farming and educational interests of the yeo- 
 manry of our county. Usually each speaker presents carefully prepared 
 papers on the topic in ([uestion. Reports of these papers are publish-ed in the 
 county Journals, and many papers have been published entire ; and I observe 
 that (ither journals, in the State and out, have copied some of the articles of 
 the Institute of 1878. 
 
 " The Institute is a Delaware County institution, and originated here. Many 
 other counties of the State to whom we have sent, from time to time, our pro- 
 grammes, have also held institutes. The decided mind of the members of this 
 institution is, that the Institute is an established institution of the county, and 
 will continue to hold its yearly meetings in January as the years roll round. 
 Hereby the Delaware County farmers are not only advertising their social and 
 educational interests, but are improving and quickening their agricultural 
 interests." 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 427 
 
 The officers of the Farmers' Institute from its commencement are as 
 follows : 
 
 For 1875. — H. D. Wood, President ; Rev. — Streeter and C. B. Kennedy, 
 Secretaries. 
 
 For 1876. — C. M. Austin, President ; E. 0. Clemens and C. B. Kennedy, 
 Secretaries. 
 
 For 1877. — C. B. Lont, President ; E. 0. Clemens and L. S. Gates, Sec- 
 retaries, 
 
 For 1878. — D. W. Jones, President ; E. 0. Clemens and L. S. Gates, Sec- 
 retaries. 
 
 PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. 
 
 May 19, 1873, representatives from twelve subordinate Granges met at Del- 
 aware and arranged the 
 
 DELAWARE COUNTY PATRONS' UNION, 
 
 electing L. E. Beebe, President; L. 0. Stevens, Secretary and Local Agent; 
 H. D. Wood, Deputy, and John Meader, Gate Keeper. September 16, 1873, 
 the name of the organization was changed to "The Council of the Patrons of 
 Husbandry, of Delaware County," the objects of which were declared to be, 
 " for facilitating the business of buying, filing, shipping, and such other pur- 
 poses as may seem for the good of the Order," and officers elected as follows: 
 Master, C. B. Lont ; Overseer, Theodore Marks ; Lecturer, Ezra Chase ; Chap- 
 lain, W. C. Clark; Steward, Delos Gillespie; Gate Keeper, John Meader; 
 Secretary, L. 0. Stevens ; Treasurer, R. Boon. November 18, 1873, the 
 Council voted to organize a legally incorporated company, to be called '" The 
 Delaware Grange Company." At the time, there were sixteen subordinate 
 Granges in the county. March 10, 1874, there were seventeen. 
 
 " The original and leading idea of the Grange," says L. 0. Stevens, Esq., 
 "was to secure social advantages; but in 1873, the leading idea among our 
 farmers was business, or pecuniary benefit. Hence, Granges were crowded 
 with anxious farmers cherishing the illusory ideas of immediately bettering their 
 circumstances, of the sooner clearing their farms from mortgages, or securing a 
 competency for the accomplishment of other cherished purposes, through some 
 mysterious influence of the organization. They did not realize that all changes 
 or reforms proceed slowly. As a legitimate result, the new broom that 'swept 
 so clean " was soon shortened, and became less effective. But much has been 
 accomplished, however, and agricultural communities, either in the Grange or 
 out, have received, directly and indirectly, material benefits therefrom. May, 
 1878, only five Granges and the County Council remain, but the kindly feeling 
 still exists toward all who were ever members of the Order, and the Grange will 
 live on until its usefulness ceases to be a virtue — ceases to confer benefits upon 
 its membership. 
 
 " In this county the Patrons of Husbandry have originated and established 
 a County Farmers' Institute, most successfully and profitably held them an- 
 nually for four successive years, and the unanimous verdict each year has been, 
 'the last was the best.' The Grange has also established a Farmers" Mutual 
 Fire Insurance Company, with a present membership of over 700, and carrying 
 nearly $1,000,000 insurance. 
 
 " The Grange, the Institute and Insurance Company bring the farmers into 
 closer and more friendly relations, promoting mutual prosperity and success in 
 
428 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 all the business of the farm. Farmers need thorough education for their busi- 
 ness, and these institutions have aided them very materially, securing more in- 
 telligent, systematic and economical fiirm work, and better and more profitable 
 results." 
 
 DELAWARE COUNTY SABBATH SCHOOL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 In accordance with a call made by Rev. E. C. Barnes, Secretary for Dela- 
 ware County, a Sunday School Convention assembled in the Congregational 
 Church at Earlville, December 10, 1867. The following delegates were pres- 
 ent, viz.: R. Wilson, A. Nash, Rev. E. C. Barnes, Hopkinton ; L. 0. Stevens, 
 Almoral ; Rev. C. W. Copeland, Rev. L. P. Matthews, Rev. M. Fulcomer, 
 Colesburg; Rev. W. P. Carson, Epworth ; Rev. J. Bentley, Waucon; Rev. 
 T. Thompson, Rev. Charles Gibbs, C. Sanborn, J, S. Harris, Thomas Daggett, 
 Earlville; Rev. R. Norton, Rev. A. A. Baker, Prof. Piper, Manchester. 
 R. Wilson was chosen Chairman, and J. S. Harris, Secretary of the Conven- 
 tion. 
 
 At this meeting, the Delaware County Sabbath School Association was or- 
 ganized, and oflficers elected, as follows^: President, Rev. B. C. Barnes, of Hop- 
 kinton ; Secretary, Prof. Jonathan Piper, of Manchester ; Treasurer, William 
 Cattron, of Manchester. 
 
 The following Township Secretaries were appointed, viz. ; Rev. C. W. Cope- 
 land, Colony; R. H. Mason, Elk; J. W. Williams, Honey Creek; S. A. 
 Thompson, Richland; H. G. Doolittle, Bremen; J. S. Harris, Oneida; B. H. 
 Keller, Delaware; Ira Gray, Coffin's Grove; G. R. Browder, North Fork; 
 George H. Fuller, Delhi; F. Albrook, Milo; C. M. Sessions, South Fork; 
 Silas Smith, Union; Thomas Guthrie, Union; Samuel Graham, Adams. 
 
 The first annual session of the association was held at Manchester, May 12, 
 13 and 14, 1868 — J. F. Zediker, L. Havee and E. P. Weatherby, Committee 
 of Arrangements. At this meeting. Rev. A. A. Baker, of Manchester, was 
 elected President; Prof. S. Calvin, of Hopkinton, Secretary; Wm. Cattron, 
 Man cli ester, Treasurer. 
 
 The officers of the association for 1878 are: A. B. Terrill, President; Rev. 
 H. D. Weaver, Vice President; M. H. Williston, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 The semi-annual convention, June, 1878, was held in the Congregational Church, 
 Colesburg, June 11 and 12, 1878. 
 
 The exam])le of the Sabbath School workers of Delaware County has been 
 followed in neighboring counties, and this portion of Iowa is quite thoroughly 
 organized by townships. 
 
 POST OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 
 
 Almoral {Oneida Township). — Established March 24, 1857, Francis Dun- 
 ham; Nov. -4, 18.58, Joseph B. Dunham. 
 
 Amarill {Honey Creek Township). — Established July 30, 1857, Clark 
 Bliss; discontinued April 20, 1858. 
 
 Bailey s Ford {3Iilo Toivnship). — Established Jan. 17, 1855, Joel Bailey ; 
 Oct. 24, 1857, Amos II. McKay ; discontinued Jan. 3, 1859. . 
 
 Barryville {Prairie Township). — Established July 10, 1857, John S. 
 Barry. 
 
 Bay [Delhi Township).— Estahlished Feb. 10, 1862, Ralph P. Andrews ;. 
 discontinued Dec. 4, 1863. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 42& 
 
 Campion [Richland Township). — Established Sept. 1, 1857, Ethan S. 
 Cowles. 
 
 Cold Water [Honey Creek Township). — Established Oct. 20, 1851, James 
 Martin ; discontinued Jan. 20, 1852 ; re-established April 7, 1854, Wm. Roe ; 
 April 5, 1855, Wm. Kirkpatrick ; Feb. 19, 1856, Joseph Mansfield ; April 16, 
 1856, Israel Green ; May 7, 1859, Clark Bliss; June 25, 1861, Israel Green; 
 discontinued May 9, 1B63. 
 
 Colony [Colony Township.) — Established Aug. 15, 1846, David Moreland; 
 changed to Colesburg, April 3, 1849, Perry Perkins ; Jan. 20, 1852, Thomas 
 Cole: Aug. 22, 1853, Jacob B. Moreland. 
 
 Colesburg [changed to Colony) — Aug. 22, 1853 ; April 20, 1860, Hanson 
 T. Wright. 
 
 Colony [changed to Colesburg) — Oct. 3, 1846, Hanson T. Wright ; Dec. 
 5, 1866, James M. Potts ; March 23, 1869, Samuel G. Knee. 
 
 Coffins G-rove [CofUns Grove Totvnship). — Established July 24,1849; 
 Clement Coffin; March 23, 1860, Henry Baker; discontinued July 17, 
 1861. 
 
 Delaware [Oneida Township). — Established Dec. 19, 1859, James P. Ball; 
 Mav 8, 1861, Wm. M. Hefner ; Oct. 21, 1865, David Greaves ; Oct. 19, 1870, 
 B. M. Gardner. 
 
 Delhi [Delhi Township).— ^stahYished March 14, 1844, Mary E. A. 
 Hobbs ; Jan. 22, 1847, Robt. A. Fagg ; May 14, 1847, Chas. W. Hobbs : 
 Dec. 20, 1849. James E. Anderson ; April 19, 1850, Zina A. Wellman ; April 
 14, 1853, Wm. Price; Nov. 9, 1857, Alexander G. Hobbs; Nov. 19, 1857, 
 Wm. H. Gilles ; March 30, 1861, Elisha Brady ; Feb. 5, 1866,. Chas. H. 
 Gross: Oct. 12, 1870, Alexander Gleason. 
 
 Delaware Center [Delaware Totvnship). — Established Oct. 1, 1853, Robt. 
 F. Korkright ; Sept. 28, 1854, Allen R. Loomis ; April 2, 1855, Henry L. 
 Ryan ; April 8, 1856, changed to Manchester. 
 
 Eads G-rove [Honey Township). — Established June 15, 1849, Wm. Eads ; 
 discontinued Nov. 11, 1850. 
 
 Earlville [Oneida Township). — Established Feb. 12, 1858, Simeon D. 
 Moody ; Nov. 9, 1858, Chas. B. Stowe ; Dec. 5, 1860, Jonathan S. Harris ; 
 March 29, 1861, James G. Verplank ; Jan. 28, 1864, Cummings Sanborn ; 
 Sept. 17, 1867, Rinaldo L. Jones. 
 
 Forestville [Richland Township). — Established April 24, 1851, W^m. Tur- 
 ner ; Oct. 28, 1854, Thos. Hickox ; June 23, 1856, Enos M. Littlefield : May 
 21, 1857, Nathaniel G. Luken ; Jan. 12, 1859, Franklin Emerson ; Oct. 17, 
 1860, Hiram D. Wood; Jan. 7, 1861, Chas. F. Vincent; July 17, 1862, Wm. 
 H. Church ; Feb. 5, 1864, Henrietta Van Kuren ; May 1, 1868, Walter Moon ; 
 May 9, 1870, Mrs. ^Henrietta Van Kuren ; Nov. 24, 1875, David M. Noland; 
 June 28, 1776, Volney Wheeler. 
 
 Golden Prairie [Hazel Green Township). — Established March 7, 1870, 
 Eugene W. Hawley ; June 10, 1872, Charles Tinkham. 
 
 Green Hill [Delhi Toivnship). — Established August 8, 1854, Nathan B. 
 Talmadge. Discontinued August 10, 1857. 
 
 Grove Creek [ Union Township). — Established September 28, 1854, Robt, 
 Hogg; March 17, 1855, Nathaniel Ingram. Now in Jones County. 
 
 Greeley, late Plum Spring [Elk Township). — Established April 28. 1863, 
 Silas N. Talcott; December 7, 1863, Jerome Baker; April 7, 1871, Job 
 Gildersleeve ; September 1, 1876, M. Blodgett. 
 
 * Dr. ^ Dix was Postmaster a short time — probably appointed in 1869. Omitted in official list. 
 
430 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Hazel G-reen (Hazel Grreen Township). — Established June 18, 1856, Chris- 
 topher L. Flint: December 13, 1865, John P. Dickey, Jr.; January 14, 1869, 
 Wni. P. Dickey. 
 
 Hop kinton (South Fork Township). — Established June 28, 1852, Archibald 
 Tate; December 10, 1853, George R. Browder; December 19, 1854, Henry 
 A. Saunders ; June 27, 1856, Peter H. Warner ; March 29, 1861, R. S. Tay- 
 lor; August 16, 1864, Merit Harmon; August 20, 1866, Wm. E. Brown; 
 December 18, 1867, Peter H. Warner ; August 11, 1869, Chas. E. Merrian. 
 
 Hirtwick {Delhi Toivnship). — Established January 20, 1853, John W. 
 Clark ; June 1, 1861, James Melindy. Discontinued September 24, 1861. 
 
 Manchester (^Delaware Toivnship). — Established April 8, 1856, Ozias P. 
 Reeves; May 26, 1857, Samuel R. Young; August 24, 1857, Harvey J. 
 Brown ; October 17, 1861, Horace N. Cornish ; May 6, 1865, Edward Burn- 
 side : August 14, 1866, James L. Noble ; April 5, 1869, Wm. C. Cawley ; 
 reappointed March 12. 1873, Wm. C. Cawley. 
 
 Masonville {Coffins Grove Township). — Established February 18, 1860, 
 Henry H. Tubbs; June 1, 1861, Wm. A. Crowther ; May 17, 1864, Andrew 
 J. Pease ; March 4, 1870, Lucius Kinsman ; August 1, 1872, Reuben Norton. 
 Mangoldville {Hazel G-reen Township). — Established Dec. 19, 1864, Car- 
 oline M. Mangold; discontinued April 10, 1866. 
 
 MUo [Milo Tow w.?/«».— Established July 12,1868, 0. E. Taylor; discon- 
 tinued March 18, 1872. 
 
 3fount Hope {Richland Township). — Established June 20, 1851, James A. 
 Ginger : Dec. 14, 1853, Stephen R. Reynolds ; June 8, 1861, Elliott D. Stone; 
 discontinued Oct. 20, 1671. 
 
 Orrin Glen {Honey Creek Township). — Established Oct. 23. 1851, Orrin 
 S. Boggs ; changed April 7, 1854, to Cold Water. 
 
 Plum Creek (North Fork Township). — Established Dec. 12, 1855 ; Elias 
 Parker ; discontinued Nov. 27. 1857. 
 
 Plum Spring (Elk To?f«.s-A2/?).— Established Oct. 30, 1854, Elias Hutton ; 
 Nov. 21. 1855, William Cattron ; Feb. 29, 1860, Jonas L. Coolidge ; Sept. 23, 
 1861, Silas N. Talcott ; changed April 28, 1863, to Greeley. 
 
 Poultney {Elk Totunship). — Established Sept. 28, 1851, Hiram Cooper; 
 discontinued July 9, 1860. 
 
 Rockville {North Fork Toivnship). — Established June 15, 1846, Oliver A. 
 Olmstead ; .July 7, 1847, Philip B Hogan ; Feb. 9, 1849, I. M. Custer ; dis- 
 continued June 19, 1862; re-established March 28, 1873, George Ruddlesden; 
 April 9, 1874, Frederick Mueller ; March 15, 1878, Charles P. Georgen. 
 
 Sand Creek (Prairie Township). — Established June 11, 1862, John Miller; 
 discontinued Jan. 19, 1864. 
 
 Sand Spring (South Fork Toivnship). — Established June 19, 1858, Truman 
 H. Bowen; April 16, I860, William Gline ; Jan. 30, 1861, Edward H. Sel- 
 lers ; April 25, 1863, Robert Elliott ; Dec. 17, 1863, Orson Henry ; May 18, 
 1870, Stephen R. Tuttle ; Oct. 20, 1864, Gilbert H. Brown. 
 
 Spring Brancli {Milo Township). — Established April 4, 1854, Herman 
 Annis ; discontinued April 8, 1856. 
 
 Tower Hill (Ada^nn Township).) — Established Jan. 29, 1856, James Crom- 
 well : Sept. 1, 1858, Michael Beacom, Jr. ; Aug. 13, 1863, James Cromwell ; 
 May 26, 1871, Bradford W. Kenyon. 
 
 Uniontown { Union Toivushiji). — Established Sept. 27, 1853, Aaron P. 
 Blanchard ; Dec. 2. 1856, Simon Hussey ; July 20. 1860, Moses Mallory ; 
 May 12, 1862. .John Mallory: Nov. 10, 1871, Hiram F. Cotton; Aug. 18, 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 431 
 
 1873, Edward F. Barnes; June 28, 1876, Miss Alice F. Barnes; Nov. 23, 
 1876, Benjamin P. Miller. 
 
 Viola iyColony Township). — Established Feb. 16, 1852, Joseph D. Walker; 
 March 20, 1854, John Piatt ; Feb. 8, 1855, Joseph D. Walker ; Dec. 24, 
 1858, Jacob Piatt ; discontinued Nov. 9, 1859. 
 
 Yankee Settlement {Honey Creek Township). — Established Jan 12, 1848, 
 Bohan Noble; March 23, 1855, F. B. Peet ; now in Clayton County. 
 
 York {Honey Creek Township). — Established Dec. 12, 1855, George W. 
 Stewart ; Aug. 5, 1856, Samuel Weeks ; Oct. 10, 1856, George L. Zabriskie ; 
 Nov. 9, 1857, Wm. R. Stewart; Sept. 9, 1861, George W. Stewart; Jan. 24, 
 1863, Clara M. Stewart ; Nov. 3, 1865, Selden F. Bush ; Nov. 25, 1867, 
 Abiel N. Arcott ; discontinued Nov. 17, 1875. 
 
 Petersburg {Bremen Township). — Established March 7, 1874, Barney 
 Sasson ; March 16. 1875, Frederick Rubley. 
 
 Grove Creek {Union Township). — Established October 26, 1874, James 
 H. Hogg. 
 
 THE DELAWARE COUNTY MUTUAL FIRE AND LIGHTNING 
 INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 This company was first organized as the North Fork Township Farmers' 
 Mutual Fire Insurance Company, March 16, 1872, with the following officers : 
 President, C. M. Austin; Secretary, Wm. C. Clark; Treasurer, Samuel Evans; 
 Directors, C. Page, H. Arnold, R. Gardner, S. Evans, W. C. Clark, R. Nich- 
 olson, H. M. Bailey, C. M. Austin, N. Haas. 
 
 Sixty policies were issued June 1, 1872, covering insurance for over fifty 
 thousand dollars, the amount required by law to make the company holden for 
 losses, etc. 
 
 June 17, 1873, the County Council of the Patrons of Husbandry organized 
 the Delaware County Farmers' Mutual Fire and Lightning Insurance Com- 
 pany. The first officers were : President, C. M. Austin ; Secretary, Wm. C. 
 Clark ; Treasurer, L. E. Beebe ; Executive Committee, William Ball, L. 0. 
 Stevens, C. B. Lont; Directors, L. E. Beebe, C. B. Lont, William Ball, C. M. 
 Austin, Wm. C. Clark, L. D. Cross, X. F. Coon, L. 0. Stevens, R. Boon, 
 John Livingston, H. D. Wood, Frank K. Smith, T. N. Williamson, D. W. 
 Jones, P. D. Trowbridge, W. W. Mathews. 
 
 The North Fork Company was merged in the County Company December 
 3, 1873. The annual meeting is on the last Tuesday of September in each 
 year, at Delaware. The officers for 1878 are as follows : President, C. M. 
 Austin ; Secretary, L. 0. Stevens ; Treasurer, C. B. Lont ; Executive Com- 
 mittee, E. 0. Clemens, John Cruise, Jr., Henry Miller. Directors — Joseph 
 Grimes, Colony Township ; James Le Gassick, Bremen ; A. B. Wheeless, North 
 Fork ; C. H. Recketts, South Fork ; Henry Miller, Elk ; John Cruise, Jr., 
 Oneida; D. M. Smith, Delhi; Amos G. Smith, Union; J. E. Eldridge, Honey 
 Creek; E. 0. Clemens, Delaware; M. Eldredge, Milo ; S. S. Squires, Hazel 
 Green; A. E. Lawrence, Richland; T. E. Smith, Coffin's Grove; T. J. 
 Annis, Prairie ; Henry Elders, Adams. 
 
 The company has had a constant and steady growth, till now it is approxi- 
 mating one million dollars in insurance, and embraces among its members the 
 most wealthy, cautious and intelligent farmers of the county. Its membership 
 is over seven hundred members. It probably will report some eight hundred 
 members at the next annual meeting, and above one million dollars in insurance. 
 
432 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 The capital stock of the company is the real estate of its members, and the 
 members have the use of its funds till needed to pay losses. 
 
 THE DELAWARE DAIRY SYSTEM. 
 
 About twenty years ago, the farmers of Delaware began to turn their atten- 
 tion to tlie dairy, and gradually the industries of the county have changed, until 
 now (1878) it has become one of the leading dairy counties in the State, and 
 the manufacture of butter, cheese and raising pork have been its leading agricul- 
 tural interests. Delaware butter commands the highest prices in Eastern mar- 
 kets. Manchester has become the great butter market of Iowa, rivaling that of 
 anv other State in the Northwest, and immense quantities of the dairy products 
 of the county are shipped every week. In 18.58 or 18.59, George Acres and 
 Wattson Childs of Delaware Township began the manufacture of cheese, and in 
 1862, Mr Acres was working up the milk of about thirty cows. In a public 
 address, delivered last Winter before the Dairymen's Association, Mr. Childs 
 stated that he was obliged to peddle out his cheese for two or three years when 
 he first commenced, and used to realize eight or ten cents a pound, mainly in 
 trade. 
 
 Asa C. Bowen, who began cheese making in 1858, just south of the county 
 line, says that while in the mercantile business in Hopkinton in 1856, he brought 
 butter to that town from Albany, selling it at 33 J cents a pound, ^nd A. R. 
 Loomis brought butter to Manchester from Marengo, Illinois about the same 
 time. The introduction of the cheese vat, Mr. Bowen says, made the handling 
 of large quantities of milk comparatively easy, and he was among the first to 
 bring the improved plan into use in Iowa. 
 
 In June, 1866, the Delaware Cheese Company was organized at Delaware ; 
 William M. Hefner, President, and K. W. Kingsley, Secretary. A building 
 was erected there 24x40 feet, two and a half stories, and an experienced cheese 
 maker from Madison County, New York, engaged to take charge of the factory, 
 which commenced operations during the month of June. It continued in opera- 
 tion until about 1872, when it suspended, and the building was converted into a 
 stable. 
 
 A cheese factory was established at Almoral in 1870, which had a remu- 
 nerative run until 1875, wheYi cheese making was given up, and butter only manu- 
 factured ; which was kept open two seasons, but with indifferent success. Soon 
 after, R. L. and 0. E. Taylor built a cheese factory in Milo ToAvnship, Avhich 
 was very skillfully managed, but in 1877, cheese making was given up, and 
 butter made in stead. It was found that making butter was more profitable 
 than clieese, and now comparatively little cheese is manufactured. 
 
 The first stimulus to the butter industry was given by L. A. Loomis, of 
 Manchester, who made a contract in 1862 with the Northwestern Packet Com- 
 pany to supply its boats with butter. Buying for cash only, although at the 
 low rate of eight or nine cents a pound, he became master of the situation, and 
 would take only the best offered. Mr. Loomis bought butter without opposition 
 until 1864, when W. G. Keriyon began to buy, followed in 1867 by Percival & 
 Ayers, which made (competition quite sharp. 
 
 The manufacture of butter increased steadily until 1872, when 
 
 THE CREAMERY SYSTEM 
 
 was introduced by Mr. John Stewart, and gave the dairy business of the county 
 a powerful impetus. Mr. Stewart had been dealing in dairy products for sev- 
 eral years, when, in 1872, he built the first creamery or butter factory in the 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 433 
 
 county, and, it is thought, the first in the State, on Spring Branch, near E. 
 Packer's, three or four miles east of Manchester. Here he commenced buyin*^'- 
 milk of the surrounding farmers, and making the cream into butter, according 
 to the most approved methods practiced by Eastern dairymen. His business 
 increased, and the following year he established similar ''creameries" at Yan- 
 kee Settlement, Forestville, Ward's Corners and other places. 
 
 A. C. Clark & Company started a creamery at Manchester, in 1874, and at 
 Masonville, in 1875. 
 
 Having obtained the first premium for butter for several years at St. Louis, 
 in 1876 Mr. Stewart determined to compete for the golden prize offered at the 
 international Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia, and received the gold medal 
 for the best butter in the world. His success at once removed the prejudice 
 existing in New York and other Eastern markets against Western, and espe- 
 cially Iowa, butter, and placed Delaware butter very high in the estimation of 
 dealers and consumers, and the best grades soon commanded a higher price than 
 the best New York creamery butter. 
 
 The award of this medal to Delaware and Iowa was of almost incalculable 
 benefit to the county and State, and is worth to the farmers of the State many 
 hundred thousand dollars annually. Mr. Stewart is of the opinion that this 
 region possesses certain peculiarities of climate ai^id soil that give it superiority 
 over other dairy districts. 
 
 An association of the dairymen was formed at Manchester, in Eebruary, 
 1877, under the name of "Northwestern Iowa Dairymen's Association." The 
 meeting continued two days, and much instruction was given and received. 
 John Stewart was elected President, and Col. R. M. Littler, of Davenport, was 
 chosen Secretary. The association met at Manchester, in February, 1878, with 
 added unmbers and increased interest. 
 
 From abroad came Messrs. Folsora, J. N. Reall and Francis D. Moulton, of 
 New York ; Mr. McGlincey, Secretary of the Dairy Board of Trade, Elgin, 
 111., and A. Ondesleys, Baltimore. The subjects discussed covered the whole 
 business of dairying, from raising grass to shipping butter and cheese to 
 market, 
 
 Mr. L. 0. Stevens furnishes a description of the creamery at Almoral, which 
 will answer, in a general way, to describe the system pursued : 
 
 The Almoral Creamery was established in 1876, under the firm name of " The Almoral Dai- 
 rymen's Company." It is an incorporated company, with a capital stock not exceeding §10,000. 
 Farmers are the stockholders. Farmers, not stockholders, patronize the institution, receiving 
 for their milk, or rather the butter product — for butter entirely is made at this creamery — their 
 pro rata share of the net sale in market of the butter, deducting all expenses, viz.: rents, ice, 
 marketing, commissions, brokerage, etc. The butter is shipped weekly, and in warm weather in 
 a refrigerator car, from Manchester to New York. The company's works are equal to 500 cows. 
 Our average hitherto has been 150 cows. Our building is thoroughly titted, with flagstones, laid 
 in cement, as the ground work, with all needful tanks, ventilation, etc., and with all requisites 
 for siveetness and nearness. We require the manufacturer of the butter to be scrupulously tidy in 
 all branches of the business ; and also, all packages of butter to be placed on track free from 
 stains and carelessness ; the milk to be delivered in first-class condition, as respects neatness in 
 milking, and proper care as to cleanliness of cans and cooling of the milk. We propose at this 
 creamery never to make either skim butter or skim cheese; but to ever make the best article 
 possible of cream butter, and to continue to fight it out, steadily and protractedly, " on that line." 
 
 We regard the sour milk returned to the patrons of the creamery worth a very large per 
 cent, in the raising of calves to replenish the dairy and young stock hogs. Whey is compara- 
 tively valueless, compared with sour milk, and there exists no substitute for sour milk for calves 
 and pigs. As we run our creamery, we find it profitable, and are contented to run it in our (the 
 farmers') best interest. 
 
 The creameries now in successful operation in the county are owned and 
 located as follows : Wm. & John Hollister, H. D. Wood, H. D. Cowles, Rich- 
 
431 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 land Township ; E. H. & J. Durfey, Mr. Warwick, Calvin Fenner, Honey 
 Creek : Almoral Dairy Company, L. E. Beebe, Oneida ; M. Breyton, A. S. 
 Coon, Wattson Childs, L. A. Loomis, Delaware ; H. P. Chapman, Harris k 
 Turner (two). Houseman & Loomis, Coffin's Grove; Taylor Brothers, Milo ; 
 B. Thorpe, Sr., S. Allison, Sr., Delhi ; E. Healy, North Fork ; John D. Mc- 
 Vay, Lerov Jackson, John Stewart (makes cheese also). South Fork ; Fred 
 Dickey, Hazel Green, and one also in Union. The private dairies managed on 
 the creamery plan are : Lemuel Parker, Oneida ; R. J. Jones, Daniel Chase, 
 Elk ; John B. Frentress, Mr. White, J. H. Edmonds, Elk ; Peter Lux, Delhi ; 
 S. J. Edmonds. Delaware. 
 
 The production for 1877 was largely in excess of any previous year, and the 
 value of butter and cheese shipped was not far from half a million dollars. 
 Over 1,200.000 pounds of butter was sent from Manchester. The product is 
 shipped in refrigerator cars twice a week, and most of it goes to New York. 
 Manufacturers estimate that the dairy product of the county for 1878 will be 
 materially greater than in 1877. Mr. Stewart thinks the shipments of butter 
 for Manchester alone this year Avill reach the enormous quantity of 1,500,000 
 pounds. Very large quantities are also shipped from Earlville and other rail- 
 way stations m the county, and Delaware stands at the head of the list of 
 dairy counties in Iowa. 
 
 NURSERIES. 
 
 . The nursery business in Delaware County was commenced by F. B. Doolittle, 
 at Delhi, Avho planted three bushels of apple seeds,- in the Spring of 1851, on 
 a piece of ground adjoining the town plat on the east. In the Fall, he took up 
 the seedling trees, stored them in his cellar, grafted them during the Winter and 
 put them out the following Spring. He continued this process, planting three 
 bushels of seed every Spring for four years, until he had put out a million trees. 
 He also engaged in raising pear, plum and quince trees, small fruit, grape 
 vines, etc., and ornamental trees pretty extensively. For some years all North- 
 ern Iowa, for 100 to 150 miles, Avas supplied with fruit trees from Doolittle's 
 nurseries at Delhi. In the Fall of 1854, he had 100,000 grafted apple trees 
 ready for market, and several hundred thousand of younger trees ; but dui'ing 
 the severe Winter of 1^55-6, about one-third of them were killed. He had 
 about one hundred varieties of apples, and of these the old and favorite varie- 
 ties considered most hardy in Michigan, such as the Baldwin and the , * 
 
 suffered the most. In 18G5, he ceased planting and raising trees, etc., for market, 
 and closed the business as soon as he disposed of his stock then on hand. Judge 
 Doolittle has now (1878) a very fine orchard of twenty acres, but he does not 
 consider Iowa a good fruit region. The trees do not bear as well as in Eastern 
 States, and, owing to rapid growth, are more liable to be Winter-killed. 
 
 In 1856, Charles Hai'ding started in the nursery business, about half a mile, 
 northeast of Delhi ; but he was unfortunate in business in 1857, and his nur- 
 sery passed into the hands of Mr. Brayton. 
 
 John Porter commenced an evergreen and grapevine nursery, of one acre, 
 on the northeast quarter of Section 17, 88, 4, a short distance north of Delhi, in 
 1860. Successful from the start, his business has increased, until now (1878) he 
 has five acres devoted to his specialties. 
 
 In 1864, John Piatt, Estp, established what is called the " Hardy Variety 
 Nursery," five miles southeast of Colesburg, intending it for local trade in Del- 
 aware, Dubuque and Clayton Counties, raising chiefiy hardy varieties of apple 
 and crab trees and grapevines. His sales average from 10,000 to 12,000 trees 
 and vines per year. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUiVTY. 435. 
 
 Charles Harger commenced an evergreen and grape nursery on Out-lot No, 
 2, in Delhi, in 1870, which he conducted with such skill and success that, at. 
 the time of his decease, June 5, 1875, he had added four more out-lots, viz., 
 Nos. 11, 14, 23 and 20, all devoted to his flourishing business. The nursery 
 is still owned by his widow, Mrs. H. C. Harger, and managed by her late hus- 
 band's brother, Henry Harger, Esq., of Delhi. 
 
 WAR RECORD. 
 
 If there is any one thing more than another of which the people of the 
 Northern States have reason to be proud, it is of the record they made dur- 
 ing the dark and bloody days when red-handed rebellion raised its hideous head, 
 and threatened the life of the nation. When the war was forced upon the coun- 
 try, the people were quietly pursuing the even tenor of their ways, doing what- 
 ever their hands found to do — working the mines, making farms or cultivating 
 those already made, erecting homes, founding cities and towns, building shops 
 and manufactories — in short, the country was alive with industry and hopes for 
 the future. The people were just recovering from the depression and losses inci- 
 dent to the financial panic of 1857. The future looked bright and promising, 
 and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters of the Free States were 
 buoyant wuth hope, looking forward to the perfecting of new plans for the en- 
 surement of comfort and competence in their declining years; they little heeded 
 the mutterings and threatenings of treason's children in the Slave States of the 
 South. True sons and descendants of the heroes of the "times that tried men's 
 souls" — the struggle for American independence — they never dreamed that 
 there was even one so base as to dare attempt the destruction of the Union of 
 their fathers — a government baptized with the best blood the world ever knew. 
 While immediately surrounded with peace and tranquility, they paid but little 
 attention to the rumored plots and plans of those who lived and grew rich from 
 the sweat and toil, blood and flesh of others — aye, even traflicked in the offspring 
 of their own loins. Nevertheless, the war came with all its attendant horrors. 
 
 April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, at Charleston, South Carolina, Maj. Ander- 
 son, U. S. A., commandant, was fired upon by rebels in arms. Although basest 
 treason, this first act in the bloody reality that followed was looked upon as the 
 mere bravado of a few hot-heads — the act of a few fire-eaters whose sectional 
 bias and freedom and hatred was crazed by the excessive indulgence in intoxicat- 
 ' ing potations. When, a day later, the news was borne along the telegraph wires 
 that Maj . Anderson had been forced to surrender to what had first been regarded 
 as a drunken mob, the patriotic people of the North were startled from their 
 dreams of the future, from undertakings half completed, and made to realize that 
 behind that mob there was a dark, deep and well organized purpose to destroy 
 the government, rend the Union in twain, and out of its ruins erect a slave oli- 
 garchy, wherein no one would dare question their right to hold in bondage the 
 sons and daughters of men whose skins were black, or who, perchance, through 
 practices of lustful natures, were half or quarter removed from the color that 
 God, for his own purposes, had given them. But they " reckoned without their 
 host." Their dreams of the future, their plans for the establishment of an 
 independent confederacy, were doomed from their inception to sad and hitler 
 disa]:)pointment. 
 
 ' Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln- 
 America's martyr President, who, but a few short weeks before, had taken the 
 oath of office as the nation's chief executive, issued a proclamation calling for 
 75,000 volunteers for three months. The last word had scarcely been taker. 
 
436 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 from the electric wires before the call was filled. Men and money were counted 
 out by hundreds and thousands. The people who loved their whole govern- 
 ment could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated 
 through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, 
 the bench, the college, the school house, every calling offered its best men, their 
 lives and fortunes in defense of the government's honor and unity. Party lines 
 were for the time ignored. Bitter Avords, spoken in moments of political heat, 
 were forgotten and forgiven, and, joining hands in a common cause, they 
 repeated the oath of America's soldier-statesman : " By the Great Eternal, 
 the Union must aiid shall he preserved!" 
 
 Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor 
 were ten times tlurt number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it 
 began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the Free States to 
 crush out and subdue the monstrous war traitors had inaugurated. But to 
 every call for either men or money, there was a willing and ready response. 
 And it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there 
 were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered 
 themselves as sacrifices on their country's altar. Such were the impulses, 
 motives and actions of the patriotic men of the North, among whom the sons 
 of Delaware County made a conspicuous and praiseworthy record. Of the 
 offerings made by these people during the great and final struggle between 
 freedom and slavery it is the purpose now to write. 
 
 April 14, A. D. 1861, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, 
 issued the following : 
 
 PROCLAMATION. 
 
 Whereas, The laws of the United States have been and now are violently opposed in 
 several States, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed in the ordinary way ; I therefore 
 call for the militia of the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of 75.000, to 
 8upt)ress said combinations and execute the laws. I appeal to all loyal citizens to facilitate and 
 aid in this effort to maintain the laws and the integrity of the perpetuity of the popular govern- 
 ment, and redress wrongs long enough endured. The first service assigned to the forces, 
 probably, will he to repossess the forts, places and property which have been seized from the 
 Union. Let the utmost care be taken, consistent with the object, to, avoid devastation, destruc- 
 , tion, interference with the property of peaceful citizens in any part of the country ; and I hereby 
 command persons composing the aforesaid combination to disperse within twenty days from 
 date 
 
 I hereby convene both Houses of Congress for the 4th day of .July next, to determine upon 
 measures for pviblic safety which the interest of the subject demands. 
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
 
 Wm. H. Seward, Secretary of Slate. President of the United States. 
 
 The gauntlet thrown down by the traitors of the South was accepted — not, 
 however, in the spirit with which insolence meets insolence — but with a firm, 
 determined spirit of patriotism and love of country. The duty of the President 
 was plain, under the Constitution and the laws, and above and beyond all, the 
 people from whom political power is derived, demanded the suppression of the 
 rebellion, and stood ready to sustain the authority of their representatives and 
 executive officers. 
 
 The total absence of newspaper files or other records for 1861 to 1864, ren- 
 ders it impossible for the historian to do fuU justice to the spirit and patriotism 
 of this people in the early days of America's gigantic and bloody struggle against 
 rebellion, and their liberal contributions to maintain the integrity of this glo- 
 rious Union. It is a proud record, for from their midst went out brave soldiers 
 and leaders, like the dasliing Peters, the cool llolbrook, the invincible Knee, 
 the imperturbable Van Anda, with their equally brave commands, to aid in the 
 grand struggle for the maintenance and perpetuity of the Union. 
 
MANCHESTER 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 439 
 
 "A union of lakes, a union of lands, 
 A union that none can sever; 
 A union of hearts, a union of hands — 
 The American Union forever." 
 
 Never before in the world's history was witnessed such an uprising of the masses, 
 such unanimity of sentiment, such willingness to sacrifice life and money on the 
 altar of patriotism. 
 
 When the first companies were being raised, measures were inaugurated and 
 carried out to raise money by subscription for the support of the families of the 
 volunteers. But there were so many calls for men, and the number and needs 
 of these families whose providers had gone to defend the life of the nation, that 
 it became an impossibility for private purses, however willing their holders, to 
 supply all the demand, and the county authorities made frequent and liberal 
 appropriations from the public treasury for that purpose. Private liberality 
 still continued. This money was raised in the midst of the excitement of war, 
 Avhen the exigencies of the times demanded it, and the generous people never 
 thought to inquire how much was given. Aside from the sums appropriated by 
 county authority, no account Avas ever kept. Had there been, the sum would 
 now seem almost fabulous. 
 
 It is to be stated to the honor of Delaware County, that no bounties Avere 
 ever paid by county or township, although some were paid by individual sub- 
 scription, and she always had her full quota of men in the field. During the 
 time that drafts were considered necessary, liberal payments were made for sub- 
 stitutes, but it afterward appeared that many Delaware men had voluntarily 
 enlisted at Dubuque, and elsewhere, and the county was not subject to draft, as 
 the quota was more than full. 
 
 April 13, 1864, the citizens of Delaware met in the school house at Man- 
 chester for the purpose of forming a County Association to assist in the great 
 Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, to be held in Dubuque on the 24th of May, fol- 
 lowing. R. W. Tirrell was Chairman and H. F. Hamlin, Secretary. Rev. H. 
 B. Holmes, of Dubuque, was in introduced, who made a stirring appeal to the 
 Delaware people, urging them to take hold of the work as one man, and to see 
 to it that Delaware County was fully represented in the great and loyal enter- 
 prise. A committee, consisting of H. F. Hamlin, Wm. Cattron, Mrs. A. P. 
 Baldwin and Mrs. H. Houghton, was appointed to nominate officers for the 
 Delaware County Sanitary Fair Association, who reported the following, who 
 were unanimously elected, viz.: 
 
 President, A. T. Loring ; Vice President, E. W. Jeffries ; Secretary, Mrs. 
 A. T. Loring; Treasurer, Edward Burnside ; Executive Committee, A. S. Blair, 
 Chairman ; Mrs. H. M. Conger, Mrs. R. Rule, Mrs. A. P. Baldwin, Mrs. H. 
 Houghton, and ofiicers of the association ex officio. On the 14th, the Execu- 
 tive Committee met and added to its members the following : Mrs. Littlejohn, 
 Delhi ; Mrs. W. H. Finley, South Fork ; Manasseh Smith, Union ; H. J. 
 Brown, Hazel Green ; James Cromwell, Adams ; Mrs. Peter Richardson, Prai- 
 rie ; Miss Frank Albrook, Milo ; Rev. Mr. Holmes, North Fork ; Mrs. C. San- 
 born, Oneida ; Mrs. Hammond Gardiner, Coffin's Grove ; S. A. Thompson, 
 Richland ; J. W. Windsor, Honey Creek ; Mrs. R. M. Watson, Elk ; and J. 
 W. Simpson, Colony. 
 
 On the 14th an exhibition was given by the Manchester Soldiers' Aid 
 Society, resulting in raising |50, which was paid over to the Executive Com- 
 mittee. The play rendered was " Toodles," and among those who took places 
 in the cast were Messrs. Hastings, A. S. Blair, Charles H. Blair, H. N. Cor- 
 nish, and Mrs. Holbrook, ??ee Tavlor. 
 
440 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 The citizens of South Fork Township organized a Township Co-operative 
 Fair, Rev. H. M. Harman, President ; P. Karst, Vice President ; J. W. 
 McKean, Recordino; Secretary ; Mrs. Dr. Finley, Corresponding Secretary ; 
 Rev. Mr. Sessions, Treasurer ; Executive Committee, Lieut. J. W. Gift, Mr. 0. 
 Henry, Mrs. H. W. Olmstead, William Spence. Joseph Cool, G. R. Browder, 
 Mrs. B. T. Pope, John Dunlap, Jerome T. Davis, Theodore Marks, Mrs. J. W. 
 Gift, E. P. Weatherbee, W. Olmstead and Eli C. Brown. 
 
 The Delaware County Union of April 25, 1864, contained the following : 
 
 BRA.VO. — Only one yoimcr man over twenty years of age remains (in Hopkinton). All the 
 balance have been connected with the army. VVhat town can beit that? 
 
 April 26th, the Executive Committee of the County Sanitary Association 
 added to its members Mrs. James Brown, Mrs. F, Bethell, Mrs. H. N. Cornish, 
 H. F. Hamlin and S. W. Green, M. D. 
 
 The fair at Dubuque was postponed to June 21st, and until that time, the 
 people of Delaware held picnics, festivals, dances, etc., the proceeds of which 
 were devoted to swelling the amount in the hands of the Executive Committee. 
 Excursion trains over the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, at half fare, were 
 arranged, and the fair was a magnificent success, to which Delaware contributed 
 very materially. Mr. Loring, on the 29th of June, acknowledged the following 
 contributions : Manchester, $469.38 ; Prairie Township, one firkin butter, 
 $12.00, and a box of clothing; Milo Township, |50.00 ; Hopkinton, |93.50 ; 
 Sand Spring, $27.20 and a quantity of provisions and sanitary stores. But 
 these were only a small part of the contributions of Delaware County. The 
 proceeds of the Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair amounted to about $75,000. 
 
 As long as the war continued, money was ready — men were ready. Men 
 of wealth furnished the former, and the less affluent filled the ranks — furnished 
 the brawn, the muscle, the bravery, the sinews of war. Oftentimes, the former 
 furnished not only their share of money, but shouldered their muskets and 
 followed the starry flag as well. 
 
 Having noticed the financial sacrifices and the readiness of the wealthier 
 part of the people to contribute liberally and continuously of their means, we 
 come now to the volunteer soldiery. And of these, what can we say ? What 
 vivid words can the pen employ that will do justiee to their heroic valor, to their 
 unequaled and unparalleled bravery and endurance? Home and home comforts, 
 wives and little ones, fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, were all given up for 
 life and danger on the fields of battle — for exposure, fatigue, disease and death, 
 at the point of the bayonet or at the cannon's mouth. But little they recked 
 for all these, but boldly and bravely went out with their lives in their hands to 
 meet and to conquer the foes of the Union, maintain its supremacy and vindi- 
 cate its honor and its integrity. No more fitting tribute to their patriotic valor 
 can be offered than a full and complete record, so far as it is possible to make 
 it, embracing the names, the terms of enlistment, the battles in which they 
 were engaged, and all the minuti{« of their military lives. It will be a wreath 
 of glory encircling every brow — a precious memento which each and every one 
 of them earned, gloriously earned, in defense of their and our common country. 
 
WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY, 
 
 TAKEN PRINCIPALLY FROM ADJUTANT GENERAL'S REPORTS. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Adjt Adjutant 
 
 Art Artillery 
 
 Bat Battle or Battalion 
 
 Col Colonel 
 
 Capt Captain 
 
 Corpl Corpnral 
 
 Comsy, Ciimniissary 
 
 com commissioned 
 
 cav cavalry 
 
 captd captured 
 
 desrtd deserted 
 
 disab disabled 
 
 disd discharged 
 
 enlisted 
 
 ^xcd exchanged 
 
 p f infantry 
 
 l"v invalid 
 
 I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 
 
 kid killed 
 
 Lieut Lieuteaant 
 
 Maj.. 
 
 .Ms 
 
 ajor 
 
 ni. o mustered out 
 
 Pin'td promoted 
 
 P''"'' prisoner 
 
 Kegt Regiment 
 
 r*=-e re-enlisted 
 
 res resigned 
 
 Sergt Sergeant 
 
 trans transferred 
 
 ■^Pt-- •■•_ veteran 
 
 V R. C Veteran Reserve Corp» 
 
 ^^ ; wounded 
 
 hon. died honorably discharged 
 
 FIRST INFANTRY. 
 
 The First Regiment Iowa Volunteers was composed of 
 independent military companies organized before the 
 war began, and enlisted for three months. It is said 
 that Capt. Ilerron and his company tendered their ser- 
 vices to the Secretary of War three months before the 
 commencfment of hostilities. This regiment was en- 
 gaged at Wilson's Creek, under Gen. Lyon, and lost ten 
 killed and nearly fifty wounded. 
 Collins Jas. e. April 2.3, 1861. 
 Collins Jos. e. April 23, 1861, re-e 12th Inf. Sept. 10, 1861, 
 
 now Sergt. 
 Wall F. M. e. April 23,1861, as Private in Co. H, 16th Inf. 
 
 THIRD INFANTRY. 
 
 The Third Regiment was raised, drilled and sent to the 
 front about August 1, 1861. Its first engagement was at 
 Blue Mills, Mo., September 18, 1861. Fought gallantly 
 at Shiloh two days, the second day under command of 
 Lieut. Cusley. the regimental officers being off duty or 
 wounded. At Metamora, October o, 1862, the regiment 
 suffered heavily. On its way to join Gen. Grant, before 
 Vicksburg, the Third was attacked bj' guerrillas, and had 
 fourteen men wounded. Participated in the operations 
 at Vicksburg. July 12, 1863, it went into battle at John- 
 son, Miss., with 241 men, and lost 114 killed, wounded 
 and missiiig. Participated in the Meridian expedition, 
 arriving there February 3, 1864, and next day tore up 
 fifteen miles of railroad. Near Atlanta, did good service, 
 July 28. Greatly reduced in numbers, the survivors re- 
 enlisted, forming three companies, and consolidated with 
 the Setoud Infantry. 
 
 [NoTK. — Tlie nen-reteran$ of this regiment wtre mtt«(«r«<t 
 ohI in January and July, ISGU-] 
 
 Company C. 
 
 First Tiieut. Abel A. Franklin, e. as musician May 18, 
 1861, prmtd. 1st sergt. then 2d lieut. July 18, 1862. 
 
 Sergt. .lohn H. Earie, e. May 18, 1861. 
 
 Sergt. Stephen Cousins, e, May 18, 1861, wd. April 6, 1861, 
 
 Baldwin O. e. May 18, 1861, disd. June 16, 1862. disd. 
 
 Babcock Chas. o. May 18, 1861, taken prisr. at Shiloh 
 Aiiril 6, 1862. 
 
 Gibbs Wm. e. May 18, 1861. 
 
 Gosling Geo. G. e. May 18, 1861. 
 
 Griffith Robt P. e May 18, 1861, prmtd. 2d corpl., wd. at 
 Shiloh April 6, 1862. 
 
 Holmes D. W. e. May 18, 1861, disd. disab. Nov. 26, 1861. 
 
 Hopson A. E. e. May 18, 1861, disd. disab, Nov. 26, 1861. 
 
 Libby E. Jr. e. May 18, 1861, died Aug. 24, '63, at Natchez 
 Michael Goo. e. May 18, 1861, trans, to inv. corns Feb' 
 
 15,1864. ' ' 
 
 Noble Jas. L. e. May 18, 1861, disd. disab. March 4 1861 
 Richmond Walter, e. May 18, 1861. ' 
 
 Sanford Geo. e. Mav 18, 1864. 
 Sanford Geo. e. May 18, 1861. 
 Blue Knnis, e. Feb. 5, 1864, disd. Aug. 27, 1864. 
 
 THIRD VETERAN INFANTRY. 
 Company A. 
 
 Capt. Robt. P. Griffith, com. July 8, 1S64, kid. In battle 
 (while corpl.) at siege of Atlanta, July 22, 1864. 
 
 FIFTH INFANTRY. 
 
 The Fifth Regiment Infantry saw its first active 
 service in front of New Madrid, when Companies A and 
 B occupied the skirmish line. Did brilliant service in 
 the operations against Island No. 10, and after its sur- 
 render were diiected to inscribe "New M-drid" and 
 "Island No. 10" upon its flag. At luka, Sfptember 19 
 18S2, the regiment lost heavily. During April and May, 
 1863, heavy skirmishing in Louisiana and Mississippi, 
 and participated in the operations before Virksburg. At 
 Chattanooga, one-third of the regiment was captured. 
 At Jlission Ridge, the brave old Filth was again on the 
 skirmish line. Mustered out at Kingston, Ala. 
 
 {JioTY..— This regiment wat disbanded Avytist, 1S6/,.] 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Capt. Dan'l S. Malvin, cum. 2d lieut., prmtd. 1st lieut. 
 
 Feb. 1, 1862, prmtd. capt. March 1, 186i, reduced to 
 
 1st lieut. 
 Second Lieut. Jerome Darling, e. as corpl. July 1, 1861, 
 
 prmtd. 1st sergt. then 2d lieut. Sei)t. 2ii, 1862, died 
 
 May 17, 1863, of wds. received at battle of Champion 
 
 Hilla. 
 Sergt. 0. H. Smith, captd. Nov. 25, 1862, at Chattanooga. 
 Corpl. Wm T. Crozier, e. July 1, 1861. 
 Corpl. Wm. Setchfiekl, e. July 1, 1861, wd. at luka Sent 
 
 19, 1862. 
 Burrington C. L., e. July 1, 1861, missing after battle of 
 
 luka. 
 Borrett Wm. e. July 1, 1861, committed suicide on steamer 
 
 War Eagle Sept 19,1861, 
 Carlton Geo. e. Julv 1, 1861. 
 Doolittle Wm. A. e". July 1, 1861. 
 Field Job M. e. July 1, '61, captd. Chattanooga Nov. 25, '63. 
 
442 
 
 WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Field S. W. F. e. July 1, 1861, kid. in battle of luka, Sept. 
 
 19, 1862. 
 Griffin Asel, c. July 1,1861. 
 
 Gilliert N. e. July 1, 1861, disd. for disab. Feb. 13, 1862. 
 Hallenbfck J. e.July 1, 1861, captd. at Chattanooga Nov. 
 
 25, 180,3. 
 Healey John, e. July 1, 1861, died Sept. 27, 1862, of wds. 
 
 received at luka. 
 Luckinl.ill E. e. July 1, 1861. 
 Moehier Tuni», e. July 1, 1861. 
 Noble A. F. e. July 1, 1861. 
 
 Shryock S. e. July 1, 1861, wd. in bat. luka Sept. 19, '62. 
 Truby R. B. e. July 1, 1861, died March 27, 1862, at St. 
 
 Louie. 
 Watgou Geo. F. e. July 1, 1861. 
 Webb Jas. e. July 1, 1861, captd. at Chattanooga Nov. 
 
 25, 1863. 
 Doolitle A. K. e. Dec. 22, 1863. 
 
 NINTH INFANTRY. 
 
 The Ninth Infantry was sent to the front in 1861. 
 Hon. Wm. A'^audever resigned his seat in Congress to 
 take command of the Fifth. The regiment was first 
 un(ier fire at Pea Ridge, where it behaved gallantly. Was 
 in the Yozoo expedition, in 1863. The Third Iowa Battery 
 was recruited as a component part of the Ninth. The 
 regiment participated in the movements against Atlanta 
 and in the famous march through the Carolinas under 
 an Iowa officer, and, with three other Iowa regiments, 
 captured Columubia. 
 
 (NoTK. — This regiment loai mustered out July IS, 1865, at 
 LouitviUe. Officers not othenrise accounted for were mus- 
 tered out ifith regiment.] 
 
 Company D. 
 
 Sergt. Jas. E. Kirkwooil, e. Sept. 5, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 
 1, 1864, wd. at Pea Ridge, Ark., March 7, 1862. 
 
 Corp. John B. Miller, e. Sept 5, 1861, prmtd. from pri- 
 vate Feb. 1, 1862, wd. at Atlanta July 22, 1804. 
 
 Boycr I. C. e. Aug. 20, 1861, died March 14, 1802, of wds. 
 received at Pea Ridge, Ark. 
 
 Edgingt-in Thos. J. e. Aug. 16, 1861, disd. for disab. Jan. 
 18, 1861. 
 
 Gilbert F. D. e. Aug. 29, 1861, prmtd. to 4th corp. March 
 17, 1862. 
 
 Gale Wm. L. e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. for disab Jan. 18, '62. 
 
 King Wm. H. e. Aug. 26, 1801, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1804. 
 
 Mersellus John, e. Sept. 12, 1801, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1. '64. 
 
 Matkew Lewis, e. Aug. 23, 1801, disd. July 16, 1862, re-e. 
 as vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 
 Phillips Alex. e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. for disab. Jan. 11, '62. 
 
 Smith Jno. Isaac, e. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 Smith, E. A e. Sept. 17, 1861, kid. March 7, 1862, in ac- 
 tion at Pea Ridge. 
 
 McOuUough Wm. e. Aug. 30, '61, re-e. as vet. Jan. 23, '64. 
 
 B!asdell B. A. p. Feb. 25. 1864. 
 
 Colyer Clias. C. e. Feb. 27, 1804. 
 
 Dickey Chas. H. e. Feb. 26, 1804. 
 
 Dickey F. N. e. Feb. 20, 1804. 
 
 Havens Romango, e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
 
 Owens Jas. Jr. e. Feb. 2i'.. 1804. 
 
 Company E. 
 
 Corp. Alberd 1>. Stnink.e. Sept. 23, 1861, as private, prmtd. 
 Corp. March 10, 1862. 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Seaton Asa M. e. Sept. 13, l.sfil, died at Young's Point, La. 
 March 2o, 1803. 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Second Lieut. Jacob Piatt, e. as Sergt. July 28, 1861, 
 
 prmtd. Ist sergt. then 2d lieut. Aug. 4, 1863, re-e. 
 
 as vet. Jan 1, 1804, disd. as 1st sergt. for disability 
 
 July 25, 1.S64 
 Sergt. Milton F. Fowler, e. July 28, 1801, re-e. as vet. Jan. 
 
 1, 1804, wd. July 22, 1804, at Atlanta. 
 CJuppet David L. e. Sept. 10, 1861, wd. at Pea Ridge, re-e. 
 
 as vet. Jan. 1,1864. 
 McGuigan Wm. H. c. Sept. 10, 1861, kid. in action at 
 
 Vicksburg May 22, 1863. 
 Michaels Aaron p. Sept. 18, 1861, died March 15, 1862, of 
 
 wds. received at Pea Ridge. 
 Shrunk Jos. e. Sept. 24, 1861. 
 Costello Thos. e. Sept. 3, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 
 Wat"rs Jno 11. e. , re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, lti64. 
 
 Wells T. P. p. Sept. 18, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864, 
 
 di.id. for disabilily. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Sergt. Thos. A. Farrington, re-e. as vet. .Ian. 20, 1864. 
 Clark Wm. e. Feb. 29, 1864, unassigned. 
 Gilliam Jordan, e. Feb. 20, 1804, unassigned. 
 Kirk Wm. H. e. Feb. 2, 1864, unassigned. 
 Menes James, e. Feb. 29, 1864, unassigned. 
 
 TWELFTH INFANTRY. 
 
 The Twelfth Regiment was recruited late in the Summer 
 of 1801, and organized at Camp Union, Dubuque, Iowa, and 
 mustered into the service of the United States Nov. 25, 
 1861, by Capt. Washington, Thirteenth United States 
 Infantry. 
 
 A large portion of Companies F, H and K were Dela- 
 ware County men. Company F was recruited at Man- 
 chester, H at Colesburg and Dubuque, and K at Hop- 
 kinton almost compelled the college at that place to 
 suspend for want of students. The tiist active service 
 in which the regiment was engaged was at Fort Donel- 
 8on, where it was assigned to Cook's brigade of Smith's 
 Division, and was engaged in the battles of the 13th, 14th 
 and 15th of February, which resulted in the capture of 
 the Fort and its garrison on the 10th, the enemy surren- 
 dering themselves prisoners of war. During most of the 
 time, the boys were exposed to a cold rain and sleet, and, 
 not being permitted to have any fire, suffered very much 
 from cold. 
 
 At Shiloh, the Twelfth was brigaded with the Second, 
 Seventh and Fourteenth I.)wa regiments, called the Iowa 
 Brigade, commanded by Gen. Tuttle, Second Iowa In- 
 fantry, Gen. W. H. Wallace commanding the division, 
 and were in position near a field beyond Gen Uurlbufs 
 headquarters. Here it remained in line of battle from 
 6 o'clock „A. M. until about 4 P. M., during which 
 time the enemy made several bold charges, and was re- 
 pulsed with great loss in killed and wounded. The 
 Twelfth and Fourteenth being in support of a battery, 
 and having no orders to fall back, and not having notice 
 that the left had given way, were allowed to be surrounded, 
 and after several hours' desperate fighting, in which three 
 or four regiments contended against the whole rebel 
 force; the Twelfth having its commanding olflcer. Col. 
 Woods, severely wounded, with sixteen men killed and 
 ninety-seven wounded, with all hopes of retreat or succor 
 cut off, was obliged to surrender at 6 o'olock P. M. 
 Number of men cabtured from regiment, about 400. 
 
 The men of the Eighth, Twelfth and Fourteenth Iowa 
 regiments, who were not captured, were organized into a 
 regiment called tlie " Union Brigade," of which regiment 
 the Twelfth formed companies k; and K. The Union 
 Brigade was engaged and took very prominent part in 
 the battle of Corinth, Oct. 3d and 4th, 1802, the Twelfth 
 Iowa losing three killed and twenty-five wounded out of 
 eighty men engaged. After pursuing the enemy as far 
 as Ripley, Miss., the regiment returned to Corinth, where 
 it was engaged in building fortifications until Deo. 
 Ibth, 1862, when orders were received from the War 
 Department discontinuing the organization known as the 
 Union Brigade, aud ordering men of the Eighth, Twelfth 
 and Fourteenth Iowa to proceed to Davenport, Iowa, to 
 re-organize their regiments, prisoners having been iiaroled 
 Oct. 18th, 1862, and exchanged Nov. 10th, 1862. The 
 detachment of the Twelfth Iowa arrived at Jackson, 
 TiMin., where it was found that Forrest had destroyed the 
 railroad from Uniontown, and was threatening Jackson. 
 The detachment was at once ordere<l to the defence of the 
 place, and remained four days, when it was ordered to 
 open the railroad to Columbus Ky., which delayed the 
 detachment until the 4th of January. It arrived at 
 Columbus on that day and was ordered once more to 
 Davenport, where it arrived on the 7tli of January, 1863, 
 and from there it was ordered on the 27th of March to 
 proceed to St. Louis, Mo., there to rejoin the regiment, 
 and soon as organized was ordered to report to Geu. Grant 
 in the field, near Vicksburg, Miss,, and served during the 
 entire siege, participating in all the principal engagements 
 until the 22d of June, when it was sent to Black River to 
 guard the rear from an attack by Johnson. Vicksburg 
 surrendered July 4tli. 
 
 The Twelfth was engaged in the battle near Tupelo, 
 Miss., on the 13th, 14th aud 15thof July 1864, losing nine 
 men killed, fifty-four wounded and one missing out of 
 200 engaged. 
 
 In Juno,1864, Conijianies A and F, numbering fifty-five 
 men, under command of Capt. J. R. C. Hunter, Co. A, 
 while stationed at the mouth of White River, Ark., were 
 attacked by 6U0 rebels of Marniaduke's eonmiiind, about 
 daylight, on the 22d of June, but taking refuge behind a 
 slight stockade they repulsed the enemy, he leaving 
 
WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 443 
 
 twentj- killed and mortally wounded on the field. The 
 loss of Companies A and F was one killed and four 
 wounded. 
 
 The regiment fought bravely in the battle of Nashville, 
 and received special mention by brigade and divi.sion 
 commanders for good service. Corp. Luther P. Kalten- 
 bach, of Co. F, and Private A. J. Sloan, of Co. H, each 
 captured a rebel flag, for which they were rewarded with 
 medals by the Secretary of War. 
 
 The regiment marched in pursuit of Hood with the 
 army to Clinton, on the Tennessee River, thence by 
 steamer to Eastport, Miss., arriving there on the 7th of 
 January, ISe."!. Here Lieut. Col. John H. Stibbs got a 
 leave of absence for thirty days to visit Iowa, for the 
 purpose of recruiting up the regiment. He remaind in 
 Iowa but a short time, when he went to Washington, and 
 through the influence of friends secured a position on a 
 military commission, where he remained until after the 
 war closed. Major Samuel G. Knee assumed command of 
 the regiment, and retained it during the remaining 
 ]>eriod of its service. From Eastport the regiment was 
 ordered to New Orleans, then embarked with the forces 
 under Gen. Canby on the expedition against Mobile; was 
 in the front line during the siege of Spanish Fort, which 
 was the last service rendered by the regiment. During 
 its service, the gallant Twelfth was in twenty-threebattles, 
 was under fire 112 days and had ninety-five men killed in 
 battle. S. G. Knee, who entered service and went to the 
 front as First Sergeant of Co. H, returned as Lieutenant 
 Colonel, and breveted Colonel. 
 
 [Note. — This reyiinent wai miiftered out at Memphis, 
 Tenn., Jan. W, ISnO. Officers not otherwise accounted for 
 were nwslered out as with the regiment. 
 Lieut. Col. Samuel G. Knee, e. as Ist sergt. Co. H, Sept. 19, 
 
 1861, taken prisr. at Shiloh, ]>rnitd. 2d linnt. Nov. 9, 
 
 1862, prmtd. capt. Sept. 3, 1S63, re-e. as vet., prmtd. 
 maj. Dec. 2, 1864, prmtd. lieut. col. Nov. 22, 1865. 
 
 Q. M. S., S. M. French, e. as private Sept. 18, 1861, re-e. as 
 
 vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
 Asst. Surgeon W. H. Finley, com. Oct. 30, 1861. 
 Sergt. Maj. 6. H. Morrisy, e. Sept. 26, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Shiloh .April 6, 1862, captd. at .Tackson, Miss. July 
 
 11, 1861, com. Q. M. May 29, 1S6:1, m. o. Feb. 12, '65. 
 D. Maj. Truman McKee, e. Nov. 25, 1861, as musician in 
 
 Co. F, disd. April 28, 1862. 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Capt. Jas. E. Ainsworth, com. Nov. 12, 1861, res. April 19, 
 
 1862. com. again, declined and revoked. 
 Capt. J. Wilson Gift, com. 1st lieut. Nov. 12, 1861, prmtd. 
 
 capt. Nov. 29, 1862, res. Aug. 8, 1863. 
 Capt. Wm. A. Mors^, com. 2d lieut. Nov. 12, 1861, taken 
 
 prisr. at Shiloh, prmtd. 1st lieut. Nov. 29, 1862, 
 
 prmtd. capt. Aug. 9, 1863, m. o Dec. 1, 1864. 
 Capt. Jno. Brenner, e. as private Oct. 15, 1861, prmtd. 
 
 Corp. March 22, 1862, for bravery at Fort Donelson, 
 
 prmtd. capt. April 20, 1865. 
 First Lieut. Abner Dunham, e. as corp. Sept. 24, 1861, 
 
 prmtd. 1st lieut. April 20, 1865. 
 Sergt. Hiram Cronk, e. Oct. 10, 1861, di^d at St. Louis 
 
 March 2, 1862. 
 Corp. H. M. Preston, e. Sept. 16, 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb. 
 
 29, 1864. 
 Corp. Isa«c Johnson, e. Sept. 24, 1861, as private, missing 
 
 in battle Shiloh. 
 Corp. A. D. Campbell, e. Sept. 26, 1861, as private, kid. 
 
 April 6, 1862, at Shiloh. 
 Annis Geo. W. e. Sept. 5, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
 Barney Wm. H. e. Sept. 24, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 
 
 6, 1862. died June 26, 1862, at Nashville. 
 Balch Samuel, e. Nov. 1, 1861, died at St. Louis, Jan. 3, 
 
 1862. 
 Clapp Seamons, e. Sept. 10, 1861, died of wds. at Memphis 
 
 June 26, 1864. 
 Clark A. B. e. Sept. 21, '61, died at St. Louis Feb. 27, '62. 
 Church A. e. Oct. 23, 1861. 
 
 Corell Edwin, e, Nov. 1, 1861, trau". to Invalid Corps. 
 Coolidge F. W., e. Oct. 23, 1861, re e as vet. Dec. 25, 1863, 
 
 and prmtd. corp. 
 Coolidge 0. E. e. Nov. 2.5, 1861, died at St. Louis Jan. 26, 
 
 1862. 
 Douglass Ewd. o. Oct. 14, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 
 
 1862, died Jan. 15, 18P3. 
 Eaton John J. e. Oct. 25, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 
 
 1S62. died Jan. 15, 1863. 
 Eldridge Jos. E. e. Oct. 15, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863, 
 
 prmtd. Corp. wd. at Nashville Dec. 15, 1864. 
 Hempsted M. e. Sept. 30, 1861, disd. April 4, 1862, disab. 
 Herrig Lewis G. e. Nov. 25, 1861, died at Savannah March 
 30, 1862. 
 
 Judson 0. W. Oct. 21. 1861, died at St. Louis Feb. 7, 1862. 
 Koltenbach L. e. Sept. 27, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863, 
 
 prmtl Corp. 
 Koltenbach Samuel, e. Sept. 28, 1861, trans, to Invalid 
 
 Corps. Jan. 5, 1864. 
 Koltenbach Wm. e. Sept. 23, 1861, died June 29, 1862, at 
 
 Nashville. 
 Kaster Hiram, e. Sept. 5, 1861, disd. June 25, 1862 
 Kenney P. 0. e. Sept. 30, 1861, wd. at Corinth Oct. 3, 1862, 
 
 died Oct. 30, 1862. at Keokuk. 
 Lilibridge D. N. e. Sept. 21, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 
 
 6, 1862, died while prisr. at Macon Oct. 12, 1862. 
 Lyon L. D. e. Oct. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863, wd. 
 
 April 28, 1864, disd. Aug. 21, 1865. 
 Manning A. L. e. Oct. 11, 1861, disd. Aug. 17, '63, disab. 
 Mason Wm. H. e. Sept. 16,1861, captd. April 6, 1862 at 
 
 Shiloh, died of starvation while prisr. at Macon, Ga. 
 
 July 2.3, 1862. 
 Nelson C. L. e. Nov. 22, 1861, deserted Dec. 7, 1861. 
 Nelson M. E. e. Oct. 15, 1861, died at St. Louis Feb. 18, '62. 
 Overocker E. M. e. Sept. 16, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 
 
 6, 1862, died while prisr. at Montgomery, Ala. May 
 
 20, 1863. 
 Otis John, Sr. e. Nov. 20, 1861, trans, to Invalid Corps 
 
 Dec. 1, 1863. 
 Otis John, Jr. e. Oct. 14, 1861. disd June 9, 1862. 
 Otis Thos. e. Oct. 11, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, 
 
 died at Montgomery, Ala. June 6, 1862. 
 Overocker Jas. H. e. Sept. 19, 1861, disd. 
 Pate G. W. e. Dec. 25, 1863. 
 
 Plattenburg Samuel, e. Sept. 16, 1861, wd. at Fort Donel- 
 son and at Shibih, disd. Aug 24, 1862. 
 Peasley Russell H. e. Sept. 28, 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb. 15, 
 
 1864, wd. at Nashville Dec. 16, 1864. 
 Peron Henry, e. Sept. 24, 1861. 
 
 Rosa Geo. R. e. Sept. 24, '61, died at St. Louis Jan, 27, '62. 
 Ross R. H. e. Sept. 23, 1861, disd. April 28, 1862. 
 Roe A. J. e. Oct. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 2.5, 1863. 
 Roberts I. W. e. Nov. 11, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 
 
 1862, died at Macon, Ga. Aug. 25, 1862. 
 Steers C. e. Oct. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb. 15, 1864. 
 Steers Wm. e. Oct. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb. 29, 1864. 
 Schneider Justus, a. Nov. 22, '61, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, '63, 
 Timmons S. e. Sept. 24, 1861, disd. April 11, 1862. 
 Toney C. B. e. Sept. 24, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, 
 died of starvation while prisr. at Macon, Ga. July 
 24, 1862. 
 Taylor Jas. M. e. Nov. 11, 1861, wd. at Fort Donelson Feb. 
 
 15, 1862, disd. Oct. 16, 1862. 
 Wigger Joshua, e. Oct. 11, 1861, re-p. as vet. Dec. 25, '63. 
 Heller M. B. e. Jan. 1, 1863, died at Memphis July 14, 63, 
 Manly L. R. e. Jan. 4, 1864. disd. Nov. 20, 1865, disab. 
 Coolidge Charles L. e. MarelL26, 1864. 
 Loring Jas. T. e. Sept. 10, '64, kid. in battle at Nashvill* 
 
 Dec. 16, 1864. 
 Robbins Chas. L. e. Sept. 10, 1864, died at Vicksburg Feb, 
 20, 1865. 
 
 Company H. 
 
 First Lieut. Robt. Fishel, com. Nov. S, '61, re-e. as vet. 
 
 m. o. Dec. 9, 1864, term expired. 
 First Lieut. David Moreland, e. as private Sept 19, 1861, 
 
 captd. at Shiloh .\pril 6, 1862, re-e. as vet. Jan. 4, '64, 
 
 prmtd. 1st lieut. April 20, 1865. 
 Sergt. Ralph M. Grimes, e. Oct. 4, 1861, captd. at Shiloh 
 
 April 6, 18C2, re-e. as vet. Dec. 25, 1863, wd. at Tupelo 
 
 July 14, 1864. 
 Corp. Benj. A. Clark, e. Sept. 23, 1861, captd. at Shiloh 
 
 April 6, 1862. 
 Byrns J. H. e. Sept. 24, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, 
 
 died at Macon, Ga., Oct. 1, 1862. 
 Barrett, Lockhart, e. Oct. 8, 1861, disd. July 11, 1862. 
 Collins Wm. H. e. Oct. 8, 1861, captd. at Shiloh .\pril 6, 
 
 1862, died at Macon, Ga., Aug. 3, 1862. 
 Clendenen Thos. e. Oct. 23. 1861, captd. at Shiloh, died Oct. 
 
 2, 1862, Annapolis, Md. 
 Crisman Wm. e. Oct. 24, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, re-e. as 
 
 vet. Dec. 25, 18B3. 
 Currie John G. e. Oct. 21, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, re-e. as 
 
 vet. Dec. 25. 1863, wd. July 17, 1864, at Tupelo. 
 DeWolf D. D. e. Sept. 19, 1861, disd. April 26, 1862. 
 Fishel S. C. e. Oct. 5, 1861, re- e. as vet. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 Haught D. L. e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
 
 Hitsman John G. e. Sept. 25, 1861, disd. Feb. 27, 1862. 
 Hamblin F. e. Oct. 8, 1861. 
 
 Huffsmith A. e. Sept. 19, '62, died Jan. 11, '62, at St. Louis. 
 Light R, W. e. Sept. 28, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, '62. 
 Malvin D. e. Sept. 19, 1861, d^sl. June 22, 1862. 
 McConnell A. S. e. Sept. 19, 1862. re-e. as vet Dec. 25, 1863. 
 McKinnis Geo. M. e. Oct. 8, '61, capt. at Shiloh .\pr. 6, '62. 
 
444 
 
 AVAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Nicholas Jas. E. e. Sept. 23, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 
 
 1862. died at Macon July 9, 1862. 
 Nogglcs Joseph, e. Oct. 8, '61, died Jan. 11, '62, at St. Louis. 
 Patrick Lester, e. Sept. 27,lii61. 
 
 Patrick N. E. o. Sept. 28, 1861, died at Millville Jan. 19, "62. 
 Philips, li. e. April 7, 1864. 
 Kicliar.lson H. L. e. Sept. 26, 1861, captd at Shiloh April, 
 
 6, 1--62, died Macon, Ga., Sept. 16, 1862. 
 RichanUoii C. E. e. Sept. 27, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 
 
 6, 1862, died at Griffin, Ga., June 13, 1862. 
 Sloan Samuel B. e. Oct. 5, 1861. 
 
 Sloan A, J. e. Oct. 5, 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb. 29, 1864. 
 StillinKir C. e. Sept. 26, 1861, disd. Oct. 4, 1862. 
 Slack \Vm. J. e. Oct. 4, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 8, 1862, 
 
 died at Macon, Ga., Oct. 2, 1862. 
 Toihert Smith, e. Oct. 9, 1861, disd. April 26, 1862. 
 Wisegarver Wm. S. Sept. 19,1861. 
 Ward E. A. e. Oct. 7, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, died at St. Louis 
 
 May 8, 1862. 
 Ward Julius, e. Sept. 19, 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 
 
 1862, died in Montgomery, Ala., April 30, 1862. 
 Riphoff Henry, e. Sept. 8, 1862, died at Vicksburg, May 
 
 27, 1863. 
 Henry Philip, e. April 7, 1864, wd. and captd. July 14, 
 
 1864, at Tupelo, Miss. 
 
 Company I. 
 
 Wilson Thos. H. e. Oct. 14, 1861, wd. at Fort Donelson, 
 
 Feb. 15, 1862, kid. at battle of Sliiloh, April 6, 1862 
 Locke Chas. W. R. e. March 24, 1864. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Capt. Jno. G. Fowler, coin. Xov. 2.'>, 1861, dishonorably 
 
 dismissed Oct. 11, 1864. 
 Capt. Oison T. Fuller, e. as corpl. Sept. 23, 1861, prmtd. 
 
 to second lieut. March 18, 1862, taken prsr. at Shiloh, 
 
 prmtd. to first lieut. June 13, 1863, prmtd, to capt. 
 
 Jan. 23, 1865. 
 First Lieut. Lawrence Webb, com. Nov. 25, 1861, res. 
 
 March 21, 1862 
 First Lieut. James B. Morgan, e. as private Co. I, 1st Inf. 
 
 April 23, 1861, e. as first lieut. this Co. Sept. 10, 
 
 1861, prmtd. to first lieut. Jan. 23, 1865. 
 Sergt. S. P. Collins, e. Sept. 10, 1861, missing in battle of 
 
 Shiloh. 
 Second Lieut. Henry C. Merriman, e. as corp. Sept. 8, 
 
 1861, captd. at Shiloh April 6, 1862, prmtd. to second 
 lieut. .June 13, 1863, m. o Dec. 1, 1864, term expd. 
 
 Sergt. Richard Freeman, e. Sept. 6, 1861, captd. at Shiloh 
 
 April 6, 1862. 
 Sergt. Robert Fowler, e. Sept. 10, 1861, kid. in action 
 
 July 14, 1864, at Tupelo. 
 Corp. W, H. H. Blanchard, e. Sept. 23, 1861, captd. at 
 
 Sbiloh, wd. at Tuepio, July 14, 1864, disd. Jan. 26, '65. 
 Corp. Benj. Nash, e. Sept. 12, 1801, captd. at Shiloh, April 
 
 6, 18G2, died at Macon, Ga. Sept. 24, 1862. 
 Musician John n. Blanchard, disd. M;iy 6, 1862. 
 Musician Ira D. Blanchard, disd. May 6, 1862. 
 Wagoner Samuel Horn, e. Nov. 20, 1801. 
 Blood Geo. W. e. Sept. 21, 1861, disd. June 25, 1862. 
 Billings A.e. Sept. 8, 1861. 
 Baldwin N. H. e. Sept. 11, 1861, captd. April 6, 1862, at 
 
 Shiloh, d;sd. Dec. 2, 1862, disab. 
 Blanchard T. E. e. Sept. 23, 1861, captd. April 6, 1862, at 
 
 Shiloh. 
 Barden H. A. e Sept. 20, 1861, disd. March 13, 1862. 
 Dolley G. e. Sept. 23, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, '62. 
 Downer Daniel, e. i:;ept. 12, 1861, captd. at Shiloh. April 
 
 6, 1862, died at Macon, Aug. 15. 1862. 
 Ellison, II. e. Nov. 20, 1861, disd. March 17, 1803, disab. 
 Farmer Newton, e Sept. 23, 1861. 
 Green Samuel, c. Sept. 20, 1801, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 
 
 1862, disd. April 25, 1862. 
 
 Gallagher Patrick, e. Oct. 18, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, disd. 
 
 Feb. 13. 1863. 
 Humphrey Thoma-s, e. Sept. 14, 1861, disd. Aug. 8, 1862. 
 Hicketbur Chas. e. Oct. 20, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 
 
 1862. 
 Hicketbur Aug. e. Oct. 20, 1861. 
 Johnson Wm. T. e. Sept. 28, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 
 
 6, 1862, died at Macon, Ga. Aug. 29, 1862. 
 Kinip Wm. e. Sept. 5, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 Keith Wm. B. e. Sept. 14, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 
 
 1862, wd. at Tupelo, July 14, 1804. 
 Keith Geo. e. Sept. 23, 1801. 
 Lyons (his. e. Nov. 20, 1861, died March 6, 1862, at Fort 
 
 Donelson. 
 Mann Edward, e. Sept. 10, 1861, died at Hopkinton, Iowa. 
 Morgan Wm. B. e. Sept. 13, '61, died at home, April 1, "61. 
 
 Maine Isaac, e. Sept. 15, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 6» 
 
 1862, disd. March 12, 1863, disab. 
 Moulton John, e. Sept. 15, 1861, died of wds. received at 
 
 Shiloh, April 20, 1862, at St. Louis. 
 Morehouse P. e. Sept. 18, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, disd. Dec. 
 
 1862, disab. 
 Merriam Chas. E. e. Sept. 9, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, wd. at 
 
 Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, wd. at Tupelo, July 14, '64. 
 Mvers J. e. Sept. 18, 1801, captd. at Shiloh. 
 Maine Job, e. Nov. 23, 1861, died Dec. 31, '61, at St. Louis. 
 Olmstead Geo. W. e. Sept. 18, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 
 
 6, 1862. 
 Orr John B. e. Sept. 23, 1861. 
 Philips Chas. E. e. Sept. 18, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 
 
 6, 1862. 
 Robinson Alonzo, e. Sept. 30, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 
 
 6, 1862, disd. Jan. 8, 1863. 
 Wilson P. 0. e. Sept. 12, 1801, captd. at Shiloh, April 6, 
 
 1862, died at Macon, Ga. Sept. 12, 1802. 
 Walker Charles, e. Sept. 16, 1861, died at St. Louis, Feb. 
 
 13, 1862. 
 Willard Porter, e. Sept. 17, 1861, disd. Nov. 17, 1863. 
 Winch Wm. II. e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
 Wincli Robt. C. e. Sept. 26, 1861, disd. Feb. 21, 1802. 
 Willis Willard, e. Sept. 17, '01, died at Cairo, March 3,'62. 
 Waldorf Henry E. e. Sept. 18, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, April 
 
 6, 1862, disd. April 12, 1863. 
 Bugbee Stephen, e. Dec. 20, 1862, wd. at Tupelo, July 
 
 14, 1864. 
 Hill Granville S. e. Dec. 20, 1862, died at Memphis, June 
 
 24, 1863. 
 Loomis Wm. e. Dec. 20, 1862, disd. for disability, at St. 
 
 Louis, March 11,1863. 
 Billings Chas. D. e. Jan 27, 1864. 
 Ellison Wm. H. e. Jan. 27, 1804. 
 
 Miers Jos. A. e. Feb. 11, '64, disd. for disability, Oct. 8, '64. 
 Reardon P. A. e. Feb. 11, '64, disd. for disability, Oct. 8, '64. 
 Coleman A. D. 
 Keller M. B. 
 Fraidis Jos. 
 Reiphofif H. 
 
 TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 
 
 This regiment was recruited and organized in 1862, 
 nearly two hundred men being furnished from Delaware 
 County. It went into service under Col. Samuel Merrill 
 (since Governor), Lieut. Col. C. Dunlap and Maj. S. G. 
 Van Anda, of Delaware. Its first engagement was at 
 Harts-ille, Mo., Janua'"y 11, 1803, where it was under a 
 heavy artillery fire, and met, without flinching, the vig- 
 oious charges of both rebel infantry and cavalry. At 
 this battle, the Union forces were commanded bj' Col. Mer- 
 rill, and the Twentj'-first was under the command of 
 Lieut. Col. Dunlap. The supporting regiments were 
 withdrawn without the knowledge of Col. Dunlap, who, 
 upon learning the fact, extended his lines, and drove the 
 enemy into and through the town. His position was un- 
 safe, however, and after nightfall the troops were with- 
 drawn. 
 
 In this battle. Col. Dunlap was wounded, having one 
 of his fingers shot off, and the rebel. Col. Porter, of St. 
 Louis, was killed. 
 
 Soon after, the regiment was transferred to Gen. Grant's 
 command, and drew the first fire of the enemy at Port 
 Gibson, about 1 o'clock A. M., May 1, 1863, and had six- 
 teen men wounded in the engagement. In his report of 
 this affair. Col. Merrill made honorable mention of Capt. 
 Watson, of Company F, as a brave, cool and efficient 
 officer. 
 
 The regiment was again engaged at Black River 
 Bridge, May 17tli. Here Col. Merrill was suddenly taken 
 very sick ; the boys yelled for Van Anda, who dashed to 
 the front, assumed command, and led the gallant but 
 bloody charge, the success of which was due to his cool 
 and daring Courage. The regiment suffered severely in 
 this terrible charge, losing eighty-three men in three 
 minutes, but captured a large number of the enemy. 
 After the charge. Col. Merrill was slightly wounded by a 
 stray shot from the prisoners the boys had taken, while 
 coming up in the rear. 
 
 Capt. Watson and Capt. Voorhees were both compli- 
 mented for their coolness and bravery in Maj. Van 
 Anda's official re|K)rt of the engagement. 
 
 On the 22d of May, Van Anda again gallantly led the 
 regiment, in Its bloody charge on Fort Beauregard, in the 
 rear of Vicksburg, and captured it, but was driven out in 
 turn. The reg'ment was formed to sujiport the Twenty- 
 second, but the enemy had position on its flank, and the 
 Twenty-first was exposed to a galling fire. The enemy 
 
WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY, 
 
 445 
 
 were protected by the walls of the fort, and the regiment 
 lost heavily. About au hour after the charge, Lieut. 
 Col. Dunlap came up, and exposing himself needlessly 
 over the iutrenchments, in front of the rebel works, was 
 shot in the forehead and instantly killed. 
 
 lor his skill and bravery in this action, Maj. Van 
 Anda was promptly promoted to be Lieutenant Colonel, 
 dating from that day. 
 
 After the capture of Vicksburg, the regiment was or- 
 dered to New Orleans; thence to Texas, where it passed 
 the Winter. In the Spring ol 1804, it was ordered to 
 White River; and during the remainder of that year, 
 was stationed successively at St. Charles, Duvall's Bluflf, 
 mouth of White Kiver, Memphis, Wolf River and New 
 Orleans. 
 
 March 5, 1SC5, the regiment left for Dauphin Island, 
 and passing up Mobile Bay, landed on the Peninsula of 
 Alabama, and were attached to the Division of the Gulf, 
 commanded by Gen. Canby. Twenty-one days were oc- 
 cupied in a march of sixty miles, up the pentnsula. More 
 than thirty miles of corduroy road were constructed over 
 the quicksands. The pine trees were felled, cut into logs 
 and piled tliree deep. Not more than four or five miles 
 a day could be made by the entire army. 
 
 On the morning of March 2C, the Twenty-first, having 
 hai the advance for twenty-fuur hours, was relieved by 
 the Ninety-ninth Illinois, and took its place in the line of 
 march, the third from the front. Soon the picket firing 
 of the enemy opened upon the advance. Maj. Gen. 
 Granger immediately dispatched an Adjutant to the com- 
 mander of the Twenty-flrst, Col. Van Anda, with orders 
 to advance his regiment to the front at once. This was a 
 great compliment to the gallant regiment from a brave 
 General. When the regiments in front received the order 
 to open ranks for the passage of the Twenty-first, the re- 
 mark ran along the line, " There is to be fighting in front, 
 there goes the old Twenty-first." About 8 o'clock A. M. 
 four companies were thrown out as skirmishers, who kept 
 up a continuous fire upon the retreating enemy, often 
 aided by the other companiei of the regiment, for ten 
 miles, when the rebels made a bold stand ; and at 9 o'clock 
 P. M. the advance of the regiment drew the fire of the 
 enemy from their earth works; having driven a large 
 army since 8 that morning. 
 
 On aci;ount of the woody nature of the country here, 
 the regiment lost but three men killed and five wounded 
 during the entire day. At 2 o'clock A. M. of the 27tb, 
 after having thrown up triangular earthworks fjr pro- 
 tection the next morning, the regiment was relieved by 
 the Forty-seventh Indiana, and Col. Van Anda received 
 permission to withdraw to a piece of pine timber about 
 forty rods distant to make coffee, but the men were too 
 sleepy and exhausted to eat or drink, and laid down on 
 their arms. During the night, the One Hundreth and 
 Sixty-fifth New York were formed in the line occupied 
 by the Twenty-first the day before, and just at day-break, 
 SOU cavalry dashed upin them with their rebel yells. 
 The New York regiment was panic-stricken, threw away 
 their guns and broke for the gunboats. The Twenty- 
 first heard the yell and the first rebel gun, and, in less 
 time than it takes to tell the story, were in line and drove 
 the rebel cavalry back to their fort like a whirlwind. 
 The One Hundreth and Sixty-fifth New York was dis- 
 graced and put on fatigue duty unloading boats. The 
 enemy being driven into their works, preparation for a 
 seige commenced. Pits were dug by every nuin who 
 could get a spade or shovel. On the night of the 28th, 
 Capt. J. L. Noble, of Co. H, was near the rebel forts with 
 a working party, having stacked half tlieir arms, when 
 the entire front was attacked by a large body of the 
 enemy. With admirable bravery and presence of mind, 
 Capt. Noble rallied his men to their guns and drove the 
 rebels back in great disorder. 
 
 The regiment took active part in the seige until the .'^Oth, 
 when it was withdrawn to escort a supply train to Gen. 
 Steele. April 2d, the regiment was ordered to Fort 
 Blakely, marched five miles and encamped near the Bimi- 
 net, and at daylight on the 3d took position in the rear of 
 the fort. During the operations against Fort Blakely, the 
 men entered the rifle pits at dark on the evening of the 
 7th, and were under the most terrific fire of shells for 
 two hours. After fighting in this position for thirty-six 
 hours without rest or food, they were ordered to the sup- 
 port of Gen. Smith in a contemplateil assault upon Span- 
 ish Fort, seven miles away. On the march, three men 
 out of the rank of four would go to sleep and be kept 
 moving by the third in turns. The fort, the strongest on 
 the Bay, surrendered however, before the regiment could 
 reach it, and when that well known shout of victory went 
 up from around its walls, these six hundred weary men 
 gave one loud and long cheer, sank down in their tracks 
 
 and slept until morning. The proud city of Mobile had 
 fallen, and the victorious army of the Union were invited 
 by its rebel citizens to come and occupy it. The trans- 
 portation boats had arrived, and the regiment embarked 
 for the citj'. The Bay was full of torpedoes, but a rebel 
 pilot who knew where they were was placed at the wheel. 
 The Twenty-first was landed on the shell road seven miles 
 below, and with the Twenty-ninth Wisconsin ordered to 
 occupy and guard the city. They led the advance of the 
 victorious army. No grander sight was ever witnessed by 
 a soldier. Union men and women who had long and pa- 
 tiently waited for the auspicious hour decorated the 
 heads of the soldiers with beautiful wreaths, and old 
 Stars and Stripes that had not seen the light for years 
 were proudly flung to the breeze. Sergt. Maj. John Du- 
 bois received special mention in Col. Van Anda's report of 
 the operations before Fort Blakely. Soon after the fall of 
 ilobile, the Twenty-first was sent up the Red River for the 
 purpose of paroling rebel prisoners. Having performed 
 this duty, it was ordered to Baton Rouge, where it was 
 mustered out July 15, 1865. 
 
 [Note. — ThU Regiment was mustered out of service at 
 Baton Rouge July 15, 1865. Officers not otherwise accounted 
 for were muslered out as with the liegime)it. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Salue G. Van Anda, com. maj. Aug. 2, 1862, 
 wd. May 22, 1863, prratd. lieut. col. May 23, 1863. 
 
 Chaplain Lorenzo Bolles, Jr., e. as private Aug. 28, 1862, 
 com. chaplain Jan. 6, 1863, res. July 16, 1863. 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Sergt. John Cousins, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Lambert Wm. H. e. Dec. 12, 1863. 
 
 Company H- 
 
 Capt. Jas. M. Watson, com. Aug. 23, 1862, res. Jan. 18, '64. 
 
 Capt. Jas. L. Noble, e. as 2d lieut. Aug 23, 1862, prmtd. to 
 
 1st lieut. March 11, 1863, prmtd. to capt. Jan. 19, '64. 
 
 First Lieut Jas. B. Jordan, e. as private Co. H, 1st Inf, 
 
 com. first lieut Aug. 23, 1862, res. March 11, 1863. 
 First Lieut. Willie E. Brown, e. as 1st sergt. June 22, 1862, 
 
 wd. prmtd. to 1st lieut. Jan. 19, 1864. 
 Second Lieut. Theodore Wetherby, e. as private June 25, 
 1862, prmtd. to sergt. prmtd. to 2d lieut. June 18, '65. 
 Sergt. John Dubois, e. Aug. 19, 1862. 
 Sergt. 0. H. Malendy, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. March 19, 1863, 
 
 disab. 
 Sergt. Jas. Heath, e. Aug. 9, 1862,di8d. Jan. 24, 1863, disab. 
 Sergt. David D. Griffith, e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. disd. Feb. 22, 
 
 1864, disab. 
 Sergt. John Van Kuran, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Corp. Walter Moon, e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
 Corp. Wm. W. Wirtz, e. Aug. 11, 1S62. 
 Corp. J. D. Gilbert, e. Aug. 8, 1802. 
 Corp. Daniel Hinkle, e. Aug. 1, 1862. 
 Corp. Newman S. Preston, e. June 23, 1862. 
 Corp. H. B. Duell, e. July 8, 1862, wd. at Black River 
 
 Bridge May 17,1863, died May 2U, 1803. 
 Corp. Iliad Walters, e. July 4, '62, disd. Jan. 20, '64, disab. 
 Corp. H. R. Paul, e. June 27, 1862. 
 Musician A. E. Richmond, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Musician A. Goldsmith, e. July 13, 1862. 
 Angell Alfred, e. June 21, 1862, disd. July 20, 1863. 
 Ackley M. e. June 23, 1862. 
 Abbott Geo. W. e. July 25, 1862. 
 Allen Wm. G. e. July 21, 1862. 
 Anderson C. C. e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, died 
 
 June 14, 1863, at Memphis. , 
 
 Blood M. D. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Barnes L. B. e. Aug. 6, 1862. 
 Collins Wm. e. June 23, 1862. 
 
 Crosby P. S. e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. Jan. 24, 1863, disab. 
 Coolidge M. e. Aug. 9, '62, died Sept. 13, '64, at Memphis. 
 Carlton C. e. Aug. 7, 1862, kid. Jan. 11, 1863, in action at 
 
 Hartsville. 
 Davis, Ira, e. July 14, 1862. 
 Fox S. e. July 22, 1862. 
 
 First James, e. July 11, 1862, disd. Aug. 19, 1863. subse- 
 quently died Aug. 28, 1863, at Keokuk. 
 Gage Marion, e. Aug. 2, 1862, wd. disd. Jan. 24, '64, disab. 
 Heigh Wm. e. July "24, 1862. 
 Hart W. 0. e. Aug. 14,1862. 
 Keller A. N. e. July 9, 1862. 
 
 Kelley Daniel, e. July 5, '62, died May 5, '63, at Memphis. 
 Kenyon Wm. e. July 5 1862, kid. at Black River Bridge 
 
 May 17, 1863. 
 Luckenbill J. e. Aug. 6, 1862, died Oct. 8, '64, at Memphis. 
 Lett A. J. e. June 7, 1862. 
 
 Miller H. T. e. .\ug. 14, 1862, trans, to Miss. Marine Brig- 
 ade Feb. 19, 1863. 
 
446 
 
 WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Matsell Robt. E. e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 
 Myers D.-\Vitt, e. Aug, 8, 18G2. 
 
 Marshall \V. N. e. June 2.5, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg May 
 
 22, 18G3, disd. Jan. 24. 1864. 
 Malendy (has. e. July 24, 1862. 
 
 McCorniick D. e. Aug. 9, 1862. ^ . ,^. 
 
 Olds Osmer, e. Aug. 14, '62, trans, to inv. corps March 4, 64. 
 O'Rourick M. o. July 22, 1862. 
 Putnam J. W. e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Miss. Marine 
 
 Brigade Feb. 19, 186:}. 
 Potter G. e. Aug. 6, 1862, died on steamer St. Genevieve 
 
 ililliken's Bend, March 31, 1862. 
 Petro Geo. e. July 21, 1862. 
 Penney Lewis, e. July 19, 1862 
 Parker Geo. e. June 25, 1862. 
 Quitmire Lew, e. July 19, 1862. 
 Schultz, Geo. e. July 19, 1862. 
 Scott C.e. July 21, 1862. 
 Scott Allen, e. July 21, 1862. 
 Scott Aristides, e. July 26, 1862. 
 Shilling John, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 ThoDipson F. e. June 21, 1862. 
 Veasev Samuel, e. June 24, 1862. 
 Vosbnrg M. J. e. July 9, 1862. 
 Watts David, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Walter I. e. Julv 4, 1862. 
 Watts John, e. July 4, 1862. 
 
 Williams Isiiac, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. April 14, 1865. 
 Annis Myron, e. Jan. 16, 18G4. 
 Gilbert L. A. e. March 15, 1864. 
 Lanning Nathan, e. March 22, 1864. 
 Orsborn Henry, e. March 31, 1864. 
 Scott D. e. Jan. 16, 1864. 
 Williams A. H. e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
 
 Company I. 
 
 Second Lieut. Hiram Buel, e. as private March 15, 1862, 
 prnitd. sergt. then 2d lieut. March 7, 1864, res. Oct. 
 24, 1864. 
 
 Fuller Daniel E. e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. Black Kiver Bridge 
 May 17, 1863, trans, to invalid corps Feb. 15, 1864. 
 
 Fuller F. D. e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Capt. Alexander Voorhees, com. Aug. 20, 1862. 
 
 First Lieut. Wm. \. Roberts, com. Aug. 20, 1862, wd. at 
 
 Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, died of wds. at St. Louis 
 
 Jan. 14, 1863. 
 First Litut. Henry Harger, com. 2d lieuf. Aug. 20, 1862, 
 
 com. 1st lieut. June 15, 1863, res Jan. 7, 1864. 
 First Lieut. Lovd E. Spear, e. as private Co. I, 1st Inf. 
 
 April 23, 1861, sergt. this Co. July 28, 1862, com. 2d 
 
 lieut. Jan. 15, 1863, wd. at Vicksburg May 22, 1863, 
 
 com. 1st. lieut. Jan. 8, 1864. 
 Second Lieut. Duncan G. Livingston, e. as corp. Aug. 14, 
 
 1862, com. 2d lieut. June 15, '64, commission returned. 
 Sergt. Austin E. Cook, p. July 28, 1862. 
 Sergt. 0. K. Nash, e. July 28, 1862. 
 Sergt. A. E. Hoi)son, e. July 28, 1862, wd. at Black River, 
 
 Miss., May 17, 1863, died May 22, 1863. 
 Sergt. 0. R. Miller, e. July 28, 1862, disd. Jan. 21, 1863, 
 
 disab. 
 Corp. Wm. H. .lackson, e. July 28, 1862, died at Vicksburg 
 
 July 4, 1863. 
 Corp. Beiij. F. Metzler, e. July 28, 1862. 
 Corp. .\lex. Phillips, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Cor]). Jacob B. Miller, e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. at Hartsville 
 
 and Black River. 
 Corp. Leonard Archer, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Corp. Douglas Slawson, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Corp. E. Smith, e. Aug. 9, 18(V2. 
 Corp. G. C. Abbey, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Musician J. B Toplitf, e. July 28, 1862, died at Houston, 
 
 Mo., Dec. 28, 1862. 
 Musician Jas. Slawson, e. July 28, 1862, disd. June 12, 1863, 
 
 disab. 
 Wagoner L. S. St(me. e. July 28, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Blear Ennis, e. July 28,1862, disd. Jan. 21, 1863, disab. 
 Brian Tbos. e. July 28, 1862. 
 Blood W. W. e. July 28, 1862. 
 
 Blood Geo. W. p. July 28, 1«62. disd. Jan. 21, 1863, disab. 
 Bacon ('. D. e. July 28, 1862, died Aug. 8, '63, at Memphis. 
 Beeks Jam.'S, e. July 28, ln02, disd. Jan. 21, 1863, disab. 
 Cameron Chas. e. July 28, lH(i2. 
 Dennis J. e. July 28, "l8(i2, disd. Jan. 21, 1863, disab. 
 Dnnlap I'. II. e. July 28, 18(52. 
 DunlapThoB. p. July 28, 1862. 
 Dalrymple John A. e. July 28, 1862. 
 Dunton C. P. e. July 28, 1862. 
 
 Endfield Wm. e. July 28, 1862, disd. Jan. 21, 1863, disab. 
 Fear Freeman, e. July 28, 1862, died July 16, 1863, at 
 
 Memphis. 
 Field Hiram, e. July 28, 1862. 
 Gosling Edw. e. July 28, 1862. 
 Goldsworth S. e. July 28, 1862. 
 Gildersleeve F. e. July 28, 1862. 
 Guthrie Thos. H. e. July 28, 1862 
 
 Guthrie T. L. e July 28, 1862, disd. Jan. 12, 1863, disab. 
 Green John A. e. July 28, 1862, wd. Dec. 27, 1864. 
 Guiles Henry, e. July 28, 1862. 
 Grapes Samuel, e. July 28, 1862, 
 Gale Wm. e. July 28, 1862, disd. Jan. 12, 1863, disab. 
 Haimon M. W. e. Jan. 28, 1862. 
 
 Hiner Wm. e. Jan. 28, 1862, wd. May 22, 1862, at Vicks- 
 burg. 
 Hiner David, e. July 28, 1862, wd. 
 Hiner Henry, e. July 28, 1862, wd. at Black River Bridge 
 
 May 17, 1863, disd. June 19, 1864, wds. 
 Hefner H. e. July 28, 1862, kid. at bat. of Hartsville June 
 
 11, 1863. 
 Himmel C. M. e. July 28, 1862, died at New Orleans June 
 
 2, 1865. 
 Harback C. B. e. July 28, 1862, wd. 
 Horton A. F. e. July 28, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg May 22, 
 
 1863, died May 31, 1863. 
 Haslam Wm. e. July 28. 1862, kid. at bat. of Black River 
 
 Bridge May 17, 1863. 
 Hefner F. M. e. July 28, 1862, kid. at bat. of Vicksburg 
 
 May 22, 1863, 
 Jackson Jas. e. July 28, 1862. 
 
 K.ahmer R. e. July 28, 1862, disd. May 21, 1864, disab. 
 Loveless David, e. July 28, 1862, trans, to invalid corps 
 
 Feb. 29, 1864. 
 Loveless Lucius, e. July 28, 1862. 
 Lees John, e. Feb. 28, 1862. 
 Lukesinger Adam, wd. Jan. 11, 1863, at Hartsville, Mo. 
 
 disd. March 16, 1863. 
 Merrick Reese, e. July 28, 1862, wd. at Black River Bridg 
 
 died May 22, 1863. 
 McCutcheon Wm. A. e. July 28, 1862. 
 McCartney Jas. e. July 28, 1802, wd. at Vicksburg May 
 
 22, 1863. 
 Myres Edwin, e. July 28, 1862, wd. at Black River Bridge, 
 
 died May 20, 1863. 
 Murry John, e. July 28, 1862, disd. May 23, 1803, disab. 
 Nolan John, e. July 28, 1868. 
 Olmstead Wm. e. July 28, 1862. 
 
 O'Brian Walter, M. e. July 28, 1862, missing May 15, '63. 
 Paul Henry, e, July 28. 1862. 
 Poor Joi. e. July 28, 1862. 
 Pitcher Robt. e. Julv 28, 1862, died at Benton Barracks 
 
 Aug. 12, 1863. 
 Preston Wm. e. July 28, 1862, trans, to invalid corps Nov. 
 
 20, 1863. 
 Robinson I. e. July 28, 1862, died March 25, 1803, at St. 
 
 Louis 
 Ricker John, e. July 28, 1862, died at New Orleans. 
 Rutter A. e. July 28, 1862. 
 Reid J. H. e. July 28, 1862. 
 Robins A. e. July 28, 1862. 
 Risher Robt. e. Julv 28, 1862. 
 Simons Thos. e. July 28, 1802. 
 
 Simons Geo. e. July 28, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. Feb. 29, '64. 
 Sullivan John, e. July 28, 1862. 
 
 Stone H. B. e. July 28, 1862, wd. Jan. 11, 1863, at Harts- 
 ville, disd. June 18, 1863, disab. 
 Smith John, e. July 28, 1862, died at New Orleans June 
 
 19, 1804. 
 Sathern L. W. e, July 28, 1862. 
 Talmadge Edgar, e. July 28, 1862, died at Memphis June 
 
 14, 1863. 
 Voorhees C. C. e. July 28, 1862, captd. Feb. 22, 1804, at 
 
 Indianola, Tex. 
 Van Anthwerp J. e. July 28, 1862. 
 
 White Ward, e. July 28, 1862, wd. Jan. 11, 1863, at Harts- 
 ville, disd. April 21, 1863, disab. 
 Williams John, e. July 28, 1802, died July 16, 1863, at St. 
 
 Louis. 
 Wilson Allen, e. July 28, 1862. 
 Dunlap Ephraim, e. Feb. 22,1864. 
 Edgiiigton M. S. e. Oct. 5, 1864. 
 Green Newton, e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
 Green Wm. e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
 Houston J. N. e. Feb. 26. 1864. 
 Hamlin Philander, e. Feb. 13, 1864. 
 Karch Michael, e. Oct. 3, 1804. 
 Poter Henry G. e. March 20, 1804, 
 Robinson Henry, e. March 8, 1804. 
 Strack, R, B. e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
 Crosier Cassius M. e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 
WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 447 
 
 Smith M. A. e. Jan. 4, 18G4, died Nov. 30, '64, at Memphis. 
 Lambert W. H. e. Dec. 12, 1863. 
 
 COMPANY UNKNOWN. 
 
 Carter Jno. M. e. Feb. 15, 1864. 
 Carter Peter, e. March 15, 1864. 
 Davis M. V. e. Feb. 18, 1864. 
 Fields D. C. e. Feb. 18, 1864. 
 Fagan Michael, e. Sept. 10, 1864. 
 Gilbert Jno. A. e. Aug. 20, 1864. 
 Haight A. e. Feb. 17, 1864. 
 Hinkle Abner, e. Feb. 11, 1864. 
 Iverson I. e. Feb. 10, 1864. 
 Jones 0. S. e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
 Knickerbocker A. e. Feb. 19, 1864. 
 Stow H. e. Feb. 19, 1864. 
 Suell Jno. \V. e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
 Thompson \Vm. e. Feb. 12. 1864. 
 White Benj. F. e. Feb. 28, 1864. 
 White Ward, e. Feb. 18, 1864. 
 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANT.KY. 
 
 Company F, Twenty-Seventh Regiment, was formed at 
 Greeley in 186ii, from men enlisted in Coffin's Grove, Man- 
 chester and Greeley. The people of Greeley gave the 
 men a bountiful dinner and presented the company with 
 a flag on the day they met and chose their officers. The 
 regiment went into camp for drill at Dubuque, but was 
 sent to Minnesota in October of that year to act as escoit 
 to the officers paying the friendly Indians in that State. 
 The command was then ordered to Cairo, and thence to 
 Memphis. The regiment was moved, under Sherman, in 
 the demonstration against the rebels at the Tallahatchie. 
 December 21st, six companies of the regiment moved into 
 Holly Springs, just vacated by Van Dorn. In January, 
 1863, the regiment took part in the engagement at Lex- 
 ington, Tenn., where Forrest was badly trounced. In 
 August, the regiment was sent to Arkansas, and assisted 
 in the capture of Little R<ick. It remained at that place 
 till November, when it returned to Memphis. 
 
 The following extract from a letter published in the 
 Delmoare Couttty Union of April 1, 1864, from Lieut. W. 
 N. Boynton, of the Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, dated 
 Vicksburg, March 10, will give some idea of the services 
 performed by that regiment: 
 
 "We have just returned from one of the biggest 
 marches ever made by infantry during this war, having 
 marched entirely across the Sttite of Mississippi and back 
 again, a distance of 475 miles ; and this, too, without find- 
 ing any force of the enemy worth mentioning. We left 
 Vicksburg on the 3d of February and returned on the 5th 
 of March, having had some of the prettiest weather ever 
 known at this time of the year. It only rained a part of 
 two days during the entire time. We destroyed fifty-five 
 miles of railroad, burned nine towns, viz : Jackson (the 
 remnant), Morton, Brandon, Hillsboro, D^catur, Merid- 
 ian, Enterprise (by the 7th .\rmy (!orps), Marion, Marion 
 Station and a little town called Union. All of these were 
 most effectually cleaned out. We also burned eighteen 
 railroad bridges, twenty-two water tanks and seven rail- 
 road depots, cotton and cotton gins too numerous to men- 
 tion. Dwelling houses also caught a foretaste of the 
 future. In fact, complete devastation and desolation fol- 
 lowed us everywhere. Never have I had better reasons 
 for thanking my 'lucky star' that war was not in the 
 'land of my home,' than on this occasion. Well may 
 the people of the North thank God, or ' Grant's big guns, 
 with fighting boys to man them,' that war is not at their 
 doors." 
 
 March 10, 1864, the regiment started from Vicksburg 
 on the Red River expedition, and four days after assisted 
 In the capture of Fort DeRusfey. Col. Woods says the 
 regiment moved too rapidly for a long charge, but all the 
 time under good control. The boj's mounted the parapet 
 and fired on the rebels, who immediately raised the white 
 flag and surrendered. The regiment reached Grand 
 Ecore, La., April 4, and on the 9th was in the engagement 
 at Pleasant Hill. Cavalry charged upon the position occu- 
 pied by the Twenty-seventh, resulting in the annihilation 
 of the attacking force. Later in the day, tbe regiment 
 was under a heavy fire for two hours, and came near 
 being captured, owing to the other forces near by having 
 withdrawn. When the order came to retreat, the regi- 
 ment was being pressed hard on the flanks, but after a 
 sharp struggle, marched off in line, and in good order. 
 Capt. Holbrook, of Company F, received special mention 
 for his bravery in this action. After being severely 
 woxjnded, he continued at the head of his company until 
 a second wound compelled him to seek a Surgeon's care. 
 
 The next day, Gen. Banks ordered a retreat, and up to 
 May 19, the Twenty-seventh heard the roar of artillery 
 almost daily. May 18, the regiment took part in the bat- 
 tle of Yellow Bayou, in which it lost three men killed 
 and fourteen wounded. The regiment marched to Mem- 
 phis, and on the 6th of June assisted in driving the 
 enemy off the field at Ditch Bayou, Ark. July 14 and 15, 
 the command took an honorable part in the battles of 
 Tupelo and Old Town Creek. The regiment was in the 
 heavy fighting near Nashville, December 15, and on the 
 following day the command made a brilliant charge on 
 the works at Mountain Heights, driving the rebels out of 
 their intrenchments and into the woods. 
 
 April 9, 1865, the Twenty-seventh was in the charging 
 forces that captured Fort Blakely, Ala. Thence the reg- 
 iment marched to Montgomery, and was present at its 
 surrender. July 15, the regiment was ordered to Mem- 
 phis, and thence to Clinton, where it was mustered out. 
 During its term of service, this regiment marched over 
 three thousand miles, and traveled Ijy rail and steamboat 
 over ten thousand miles. As can be seen above, its record 
 is a prond one, and it is a matter of congratulation that 
 the men of Company F, who escaped the perils of the bat- 
 tles they were engaged in, are in our midst, useful and 
 honored citizens. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment was mustered out of service at 
 Clinton Aug. 8, ISO.'i. Officers not otherwise accounted for 
 were mnMered otU as loith regiment. 
 
 Asst Surg. Albert Boomer, com. Sept. 16, 1862, res. Aug. 
 
 22, 1864. 
 
 Marsh Ed. L. e. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 
 Company E. 
 
 Hanna H. D. e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
 Capt. F. W. Coolridge, e. Feb. 25, 1863. 
 Capt. Joseph F. Eldridge, e. Feb. 25, 1863. 
 Capt. Luther Koltenback, e. Feb. 25, 1863. 
 Capt. Henry M. Preston, Feb. 29, 1864. 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Capt. Wm. W. Bickford, com Oct 3, 1862, res. Apr. 9, 1863 ' 
 Capt. Jos. M. Holbrook, com. 1st lieut. Oct. 3, 1862, 
 
 promtd. capt. Apr. 27, 1863, wd. at battle Pleasant 
 
 Hill. 
 First Lieut, Wm. N. Boynton, com. 2d lieut. Oct. 3, 1862, 
 
 promtd. Ist lieut. April 27, 1863. 
 Sec. Lieut. Jacob S. Eisenhart, e. as sergt. Aug. 8, 1862^ 
 
 com. 2d lieut. April 27, 1883. 
 Sergt. Wm. Williams, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Sergt. Chas. S. Taylor, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Sergt. Chas. D. Skinner, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Nov. 24, 
 
 1862. 
 Sergt. F. M. Gray, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. April 6, 1863. 
 Corp. Howard Lathrop, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Corp. John R. Minkler, e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to invalid 
 
 corps Sept. 30, 1863. 
 Corp. Wm. J. Millett, e. Aug. 15, 1S62. 
 Corp. A. D. Hubbell, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Corp. C. 0. Torrey, e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. Apri 19, 1864, at 
 
 Pleasant Hill, La. 
 Corp. Geo. W. Cromwell, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. died Aug. 
 
 2, 1864, at Andersonville. 
 Corp. Jas. W. Kingery, e. Aug, 12, 1862. 
 Musician John McKinnis, e. Aug. 14,1862. 
 Musician Wm. G. McLaine, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Musician E. Martindale, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Wagoner R. B. Wilson, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Arnold Geo. P. e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at Little Rock Sept. 
 
 23, 1863. 
 
 Abby G. e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 
 Barnes Seymour, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. March 14, 1865. 
 
 Bower B. F. e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Feb. 19, 1863. 
 
 Burhus H. C. e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at Dubuque, la., Nov. 
 
 1, 1862. 
 Barr Chas. e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Nov. 10, 1863, at St. 
 
 Louis. 
 Bernard H. K. e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Brown A. J. e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. May 13, 1863. 
 Calvin Harmon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. April 9, 1864, at 
 
 Pleasant Hill, La. 
 Clark C. E. e. Aug. 12, 18()2, disd. June 20, 1865, disab. 
 Clark Wm. H. e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. July 15, 1864. 
 Combz A. J. e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. 
 Correll H. A. e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Crozier Geo. e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Cole Edwin, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Colson D. G. e. Aug. 12, 1862, died March 23, 1863, at 
 
 Jackson, Tenn. 
 
448 
 
 WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Coats Jo?, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. April 2, 1863. 
 
 Dood N. H e. Aug. 15,1862. 
 
 Duncan Uarvey, e. Aug. 15, 1802, disd. Jan. 10, 1863. 
 
 Dugliis H. R. e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Dec. 22, 1862, at Tal- 
 
 laliatihie, Miss. 
 German H. 11. e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Henry Jas. W. e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. April 23, 1863. 
 Hobart N. L. e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Hill Francis, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Horn Wni. M. e. Aug. U, 1862, wd. and captd. April 9, 
 
 1864, disd. June 20, 1865. 
 Jones Clias. e. Aug. 14, 1802, disd. April 7, 1863. 
 Jones Wm. D. e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Marcli 22, 1864. 
 Kiiiyon Bradford, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. May 13, 1863. 
 Knee Jas. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 King Lewis, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Lathrop Geo. B. e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Lelacheur Jno. H. e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. April 9, 1864, 
 
 drowned Sept. 10, 1864, at Cairo. 
 Lewis Itullin, e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. April 9, 1804, disd. 
 
 March 23, 1805. 
 MuUvany Wni. J. e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. April 9, 1804, at 
 
 Plea.sant Hill. 
 Moore Jno. 1$. e. Aug.ll, 1802. 
 
 Mansfield Jno.G. e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Nov. 7, 1862. 
 MinklerEwd. A. e. Aug. 11, 1802, wd. an<l captd. April 9, 
 
 1864, at Pleasant Hill, died Nov. 20, 1864, at Cairo. 
 Minkler Geo. e. Aug. 12, 1862, died. April 4, 1863. 
 Minkler C. V. e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. June 20, 1865. 
 Morris A. e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Morris P. e. Aug. 11,1862. 
 Morse Alpheus, e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. May 18, 1864, at 
 
 Yellow Bayou, La., disd. May 16, 1x65. 
 Montgomeo' \Vm. e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Jan. 26, 1864, at 
 
 Centralia. HI. 
 Malugin A. W. e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Jan. 20, 1865. 
 Moore II. II. e. Aug, 14, 1802, disd. Jan. 6, 1863. 
 Nelson Clias. e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 
 Nute Jno. e. Aug. 12, 1862, died March 9, 1863, at Jackson. 
 Perry H. W. e. Aug. 14, 1802, wd. April 9, 1804. at Pleas- 
 ant Hill. 
 Paxton S. A. e. Aug. 15, 1802, died Nov. 1, 1862. 
 Peers Curtis C. e. Aug. 13, 1802, wd. and captd. April 9, 
 
 1864, at Pleasant Hill. 
 Putnam 0. e. Aug. 14,1862, captd. Feb. 22, 1864, at Union, 
 
 Miss., died at Andeisonville, Sept. 20, 1864. 
 KardinSaml, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. June 21, 1865. 
 Robertson M. U. e. Aug. 14, 1802, died Jan. 29, 1803, at 
 
 Jackson. 
 Rolf Kwd. e. Aug. 15, 1802. 
 Roe D. E. e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to inv. corps June 1, 
 
 1804. 
 Rulon H. e. Aug. 14,1862, disd. Feb. 19,1863. 
 Shilling F. e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 
 Sherman D.e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. March 18, 1863. 
 Sargeant Van B. \V. e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. May 15, 1864, at 
 
 Yellow Bayou. 
 Smith Jno. K. e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd June 10.1863. 
 Stevens D. D. e. Aug. 14, 1862, drowned June 16, 1863, at 
 
 St. Louis. 
 Sh'-rman K. e. Aug. 11, 1863. 
 Scarbrough M. U. e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Pleasant Hill 
 
 and Tupelo, died Feb. 27, 1865, in Misi. 
 Smith Geo. W. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Talcott L. C. e. Aug. 14, 1802. 
 Tripp A. W. e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. June 0, 1803. 
 Tripp C. P. e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. at Tupelo and Nash- 
 ville. 
 Utley Clias. L. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. April 9, 1804, at Pleas- 
 ant Hill 
 Whitson \Vm, e. Aug. 13, 1802. 
 Wilcox F. N. 0. Aug. 14, 1802, died June 8, 1863. 
 Walker Daniel, e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. July 14, 1864, at 
 
 Tupelo. 
 Waters Thomas, e. Aug. 15,*1862, disd. June 24, 1865. 
 Welsh Jiis. e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. April 9, 1804, at Pleasant 
 
 Hill. 
 Barrett, Jos. L. e. Dec. 22, 1863, disd. April 14, 1805. 
 Grice A. J. e. Dec. 23, 1805. 
 Hoag Ezra, e. Jan. 6, 1864, died Juno 5, 1864, on sUnr 
 
 Diadem. 
 Lukcns, Joa. e. Dec. 22, 1863. 
 Crocker Benj. P. e. Jan. 28, 1864. 
 Clark Judsoii. e. Jan. 15, 1864. 
 Fnem m E. J. e. Jan. 15, 1864. 
 Smith T.J. ... Feb. 1,1803. 
 
 Thompson F. A. o. Feb. 1, 1864, died June 23, 1864 at 
 Memphis. 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Hammond Newton, e..\iig. 22, lSii2, di.sd. Jiilv 15 1861. 
 
 FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 
 
 (lUO days.) 
 
 This regiment was recruited as a 100-day regiment' 
 and went into camp at Davenport early iu the Spring of 
 1804. It did guard and garrison duty at Memphis and 
 La Grange, Teiin., during the Summer, and, on expira- 
 tion of the term of service, returned to Davenport, where 
 the men were mustered out. The history of the regi- 
 ment is uneventful. 
 
 [Note. — This regimanl was mustered out at Dnvenport, 
 Seiit. 15, 1S6U.] 
 
 Company A, 
 
 Bunn Jacob, e. May 12, 1804. 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Second Lieut James Spence, e. as sergt., prmtd. to sea- 
 
 ond lieut. July 10, 1864. 
 Sergt. Wm. B. Morgan, e. as corpl. April 30, 1S64, prmtd. 
 
 to sergt. 
 Corpl. Edmond P. Weatherby, e. April 30, 1864. 
 Corpl. Thos. J. Edgington, e. April 30, 1864. 
 Corpl. Kobt. B. Marshall, e. April 30, 1864. 
 Musician John E. Davis, e. May 1. 1864. 
 Dunn Jerome, e. May 14, 1864. 
 Laughlin, Jas. C. e. April 30, 1864. 
 McCutchcon Jas. H. e. May 12, 1864. 
 Smith Ed. M. e. April 30, 1864. 
 Smith Jas. A. e. April 30, 1804. 
 Streeper Wm. T. e. May 14, 1864. 
 Whitaker, Wm. K. e. April 30, 1864. 
 Woods Renwick, e. May 7, 1804. 
 
 Company E. 
 
 Sergt. C. T. Peet, e. as private May 1, '64, prmtd. to sergt. 
 Baldwin Frank, e.May 12, 1864. 
 Lynes, A. J. e. May 18, 1864. 
 Myers Jas. H. e May 18, 1864. 
 Peet Robert, e. May 6, 1864. 
 
 FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 
 
 This was also a 100-day regiment. It went into service 
 at Davenport, Jnne 10, 1864, and was forwarded to Cairo 
 and thence to Memphis, arriving at the latter place June 
 20. June 27, the regiment was ordered to Camp Look- 
 out, near CoUiersville, Tenn., where the men did heavy 
 duty, being on picket alternate days for about two 
 months. The only brush with the enemy occurred at 
 that place in August. A squad of guerrillas captured two 
 pickets, and a detachment was sent out to rescue them, 
 if possible. In the skirmish that followed, four of our 
 men were wounded. September 1, the Forty-si.\th re- 
 turned to Memphis, and on the lOtli of the same month 
 started homeward, reaching Davenport on the lOlh. The 
 regiment was mustered out and paid off on the 23d. 
 
 [Note. — This regimtnt was mustered out at Davenport, 
 Sept. 23, 186/,.] 
 
 Piin. musician, Buel G. Dunham, e. May 19, 1864 from 
 Co. F. 
 
 Company A. 
 
 Carter Jas. E. e. May 18, 1864. 
 Sbafer Oliver, e. May 9, 1804. 
 Shaffer Ensign, e. May 20, 1864. 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Capt. James Hawkins, com. June 10, 1864. 
 
 Second Lieut. John F. Merry, com. June 10, 1864. 
 
 Sergt. Cyrus Craig,.e. May 18, 1864. 
 
 Sergt. Henry Stroud, e. May 20, 1804. 
 
 Corpl. David Witter, e. May 18, 1864. 
 
 Corpl. Jas. W. Wright, e. May 17, 1864. 
 
 Corpl. John W. Cattron, e. May 18. 1864. 
 
 Musician M. P.Towslee, e. May 18^ 1864. 
 
 Wagoner Clark Towsl^e, e. May 10, 1864. 
 
 B.iylan Thos. J. e. May 18, 1864. 
 
 Babcock W. G. e. May 18, 1804. 
 
 Blatt John, e. May 20, 1804. 
 
 Box M. Van Buren, e. May 30, 1864. 
 
 Besst Solomon, e. May 30, 1864. 
 
 Cummings Clias. W. e. May 30, 1804. 
 
 Conner Thos. J. e. May 18, 1864. 
 
 Craig Wm., e. May 18, 1864. 
 
 Dunham li. G. c May 18. 18f4, prmtd. to prin. musician. 
 
 Davis A. «. e. May 18, 1804, died in September, 1804. 
 
WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 449 
 
 Felter Joha W. e. May 18, 1864. 
 Fowler Edward, e. May 18, 1864. 
 
 Flanders 0. B. e. May 18, 1864, died at Jefferson Bar- 
 racks, Mo. Sept. 20, 1864. 
 Fox Henry 0. e. May 18, 1864. 
 Falrchild I'aleb, e. May '20, 1864. 
 Gulnn John S. e. May 18, 1864. 
 Ooodmau Henry, e. May 30, 1864. 
 Gilbert Cha.s. H, e. May 18, 1864. 
 Hyde Sauiiu'l, e. May 18, 1864. 
 Knee David, e. May 18, 1864. 
 Livingstine Eli, e. May 20, 1864. 
 Maxwell Henry, e. May 3o, 1864. 
 Odell Gabriel, e. May 18, 1864. 
 Robinsuii J as. M. e. May 18, 1864. 
 Bea Geo. W. e. May 18, 1864. 
 Eodobaw Jonathan, e. May 18,1864. 
 Slathery Michael, e. May 18, 1864. 
 Sims Thos. L. e. May 18, 1864. 
 Smith Albert, e. May 18, 1864. 
 Smith Robert, e. May IS, 1864. 
 Tompkins Wm. e. May 18, 1864. 
 Trowbridge, e. May IS, 1864. 
 Veasy Albert, e. May 7, 1864. I 
 
 Wheeler Jas. A. e. May 18, 1864. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS INFANTRY. j 
 Second Vet. Infantry. | 
 
 First Serj. John H. Earle, e. June 8, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 
 
 4, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 Sergt. Nelson II. Winn, e. June 8, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 4, 
 
 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 Keidle Frederick, e. June 8, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 4, 1864, 
 
 m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 Messer G. e. June 8, 18G1, re-e. as vet. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. 
 
 July 12, 1865. 
 Sanlord George, e. June 8, 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 4, 1864, 
 
 m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry Battalion. 
 
 Murray Jas. L. e. Dec. 9, 1863, trans, from Co. H, m. o 
 
 Nov. 16, 1864. 
 Sergt. Myron L. Roberts, e. Nov. 3, 1862, m. o. Nov. 16, '64. 
 Corp. Marcellus Whitcomb, e. Apr. 15, '63, m.o. Nov. 16,'64. 
 
 Sixteenth Infantry. 
 
 Custar Columbus, e. April 25, 1864, wd. at Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 July 21, disd. April 3, 1865. 
 Corp. James M. Lee, e. Jan. 2, 1862, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1,'64, 
 
 m. o. July 19, 1864. 
 Coltenbaugh M e. Jan. 1, 1862, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864, 
 
 wd. Oct. 3, 1862, m. o. July 19, 1864. 
 Calhoun H. e. Jan. 12, 1862, died March 1, 1862. 
 Carter John, e. Feb. 28, 1862, m. o. July 19, 1864. 
 Kane John A. e. Jan. 3, 1862, m. o. July 19, 1864. 
 Kaster R. e. March 6, 1862, wd. April, 6, 1862, at Shiloh, 
 
 disd. Sept. 1862. 
 Launlng R. e. March G, 1862, re-e. as vet. March 6, 1864, 
 
 wd. July 21, 1864, captd. July 22, 1864, at Atlanta, m. 
 
 0. July 19. 1864. 
 Mesher J. e. Jan. 6, 1864. 
 Wilson Thos. e. March 5, 1862, m. o. July 19, 1864. 
 
 Seventeenth Infantry. 
 
 Davis Leander, e. March 15, 1862, re-e. as vet. March 20, 
 1864, captd. Oct. 13 at Tilton, Ga., m. o. July 25, 1865. 
 
 Thirty-first Infantry. 
 
 Cane Thomas, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June 27, 1865. 
 Kortright R. F. e. Aug. 21, 1862, trans, to inv. corps May 
 
 1, 1864, m. o. June 27, 1865. 
 Mathew John H. e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. m. o. June 27, 1865. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry. 
 
 Surg. Philander Byam, com. asst. surg. April 3, 1863, com. 
 surg. Jan. 15, 1865, m. o. Aug. 24, 1865. 
 
 Thirty-sixth Infantry (Cray Beards). 
 
 Asst. Surg. Geo. S. Dewitt, com. Jan. 2, '63, res. Feb. 17,'63 
 
 Thirty-seventh Infantry. 
 
 Pinuey J. 1,. e. Dec. 26, 1862, died Feb. 18, 1864, at Rick 
 Island 
 
 Forty-eighth Infantry. 
 
 Corp. Thomas L. Guthrie, e. as private May 10, '64, pmitd. 
 
 to Corp. m. o. Oct. 21, 1864. 
 Blanch Chas. H. e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 21, 1864. 
 
 First Infantry, A. D. <60th U. S. 
 Vols., A. D.) 
 
 First Lieut. Wm. H. Williams, com. 2d lieut. Co. A Oct. 11, 
 1863, prmtd. to Ist lieut. this Co. Sept. 19, 1864, m. o. 
 Oct. 15, 1865. 
 
 First Iowa Infantry I African descent). 
 
 Second Lieut. Wm. U. Williani.s, com. March 1, 1862, m* 
 o. Aug. 25, 1861. 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-sixth 
 Illinois Infantry. 
 
 Kisher Oliver, e. Dec. 15, 1863. 
 
 FIRST CAVALRY. 
 
 The First Cavalry was recruited during the Summer of 
 1861. Its services began during the following Winter. 
 Its first action was at Silver Creek, Mo., where the rebel 
 camp was attacked and routed. In February, 1862, a 
 detachment from the First helped surprise and capture 
 Gen. Price at Warsaw. Another detachment had a brush 
 with guerillas near Montevallo in the following April. 
 During the ne.xt few months, the regiment had skirmishes 
 with the rebels near Clinton, Big Creek, Clear Creek and 
 Newtonia. Decembar 7th, the first and third battalions 
 participated in the battle at Prairie Grove. That month 
 the command assisted at the capture of Van Buren, 
 where a number of steamboats, several hundred prisoners 
 and a large amount of stores fell into the hands of our 
 forces. April 26, 1863, the mo.st of the regiment was con- 
 cerned in a night attack upon a portion of Marmaduke's 
 forces, breaking up the camp and inflicting heavy loss. 
 August 26 and 27, the regiment did gallant service at 
 White River. From September 10 until the following 
 January, the First was stationed at Little Rock. April 
 24, 1864, the command repulsed a charge of the enemy at 
 Mono River, and had a share in the battle at Jenkins' 
 Ferry on the 30th. The regiment continued duiug scout 
 service until January, 1865, when they were sent to Dar- 
 danelle, and had a brush with Col. Cooper, driving him ofl' 
 the field. They went thence to Pine Bluff, and to Mem- 
 phis. From this place they made two incursions into 
 Mis-issippi. After the war closed, much to the disappoint- 
 ment of the men, the regiment was ordered to Texas 
 under Custer. On the route two or three of the regiment 
 committed s >me depredations on the inhabitants, contrary 
 to specefic orders from Gen. Custer, who was in command. 
 A few of the men were il.tect.d and ordered to be flogged. 
 This order created much bitterness of feeling toward 
 Custer, which had hardly disapiieared when he met tragic 
 death on the plains. 
 
 [Note. — Tim reyiment was mustered out at Austin, Texas, 
 February 15, 1S06.] 
 
 Company C. 
 
 La Costa N. vet. Dec. 24, 1863. 
 Lee Callender, e. Dec. 17, 1863. 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Second Lieut. Eli Waring, e. as private, prmtd. to corp. 
 then sergt., re-e. as vet. Jan. 5, 1864, prom. 2d lieut. 
 Jan. 3, 1865. 
 Bugler Hiram J. Dunwell. 
 Dubois Geo. H. re-e. as vet. Feb. 29, 1864. 
 Foukes Allen. 
 Kintz Augustus J. committed suicide May 31, 1863, at 
 
 Luke Springs, Mo. 
 Monroe Jack, deserted Nov. 16, kid. in Jefl"er8on City, Mo. 
 
 Dec. 15, 1861, in attempting to rob a store. 
 Rudolph A. F. ^ ^. 
 
 Skinner E. J. e. June 13, 1861, disd. July 15, 1862, for dis- 
 ability. 
 Stone James L. disd. for disability June 3, 1862. 
 Trenehard S. W. _ 
 Skinner B. F. e. Aug. 15, 1861. 
 Timmins W. W. e. 1861, re-e. as vet. Jan. 5. 1864. 
 Morgan Ari, e. 1S61, le-e. as vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 
 
 Company L. 
 
 Q. M. Sergt. Hiram A. Park, e. Aug. 15, 1861. 
 Dodd Garrett. 
 
450 
 
 WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Guthrie Wm. S. 
 
 Miller Andrew, re-e. as vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 
 Soniers Joiib, re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 McCIavey James, e. Dec. 13, 1863. 
 
 SECOND CAVALRY. 
 
 The Second Cavalry contained thirty-seven men from 
 this connty, and was also raised in ISfil. It be^an active 
 service under Gen. Grant in the operations against New 
 Madrid and Island No. 10, giving Jeff Thompson a rattling 
 chase, and capturing many of his men and horses. Dur- 
 ing the ."Spring of 1862, the Second had skirmishes with 
 the enemy at Monterey, Farmington, Jacinto, Boonville 
 and Oorinth, being invariably successful. The regiment 
 continne<I having frequent brushes with the enemy until 
 October 28, seizing ammunition, c^ipturing prisoners and 
 guarding the lines. In .\pril, 1863, the Second encoun- 
 tered Gen. Chalmers' force, vastly outnumbering that 
 coinmand, but retreated leisurely back to camp without 
 serious loss. During this raid, the men obtained a re- 
 mount from horses captured from the enemy. D. E. Coon 
 commanded the regiment during its raid around Jackson, 
 in which it ran against Forrest, but coming off in good 
 shape. In Angvist, the Second fought its way to Grenada, 
 where an immense amount of railway property was 
 seized and destroyed. In June, 1864. the regiment marched 
 under Gen. Smith in pursuit of Forrest, in which Lieut. 
 B. K. Watson ol)tained special mention from liis com- 
 mandine otTiccr. In August, Gen. Smith gave the Second 
 b<\vs a little more exercise. During the succeeding Au- 
 tumn, the regiment had skirmishes at Shoal Creek, Aber- 
 deen, Butler Creek, Ijawrenceburg, Campbellville, Linn- 
 ville, Mount Carmel and New Franklin. The last heavy 
 duty of the regiment was in the battle in front of Nash- 
 ville ill the closing days of 1864. in which the regiment 
 did valuable service, and joined in the chase of Hood's 
 demoralized forces. In the marching which followed, the 
 Second picked up two hundred prisoners and one battle 
 flag. The regiment was mustered out in Alabama, Sep- 
 tember 3, ISai. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Selma,Ala., 
 
 Sept. 7.9. isnr,.] 
 
 B. C. S. Geo. M. Scripture, e. Aug. 4, 1861, deserted Aug. 
 3, 1862. 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Teamster N. M. Ives, e. .Inly 30, 1861. 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Abbott A. J. e. llec. 1.5, ISnj, m. o. Oct. 10. 
 
 Company I. 
 
 Capt. Benj. K. Watson, e. as sergt. Aug. 31, 1861, prmtd. 
 
 1st sergt. Dec. 19, 1861. prmtd. 2d lieut. Oct. 16, 1862, 
 
 prmtd. capt. .Ian. 21, 1865. 
 First Lieut. Jno. W.Wright, com. 2d lieut. Aug. 31,1861, 
 
 prmtd. Ist lieut. Dr-c. 1, 1801, res. Sept. .5, 186.5. 
 Q. M. S. Wm S. Babcock, e. Aug. 4. 1861, wd. at Prairie 
 
 Station, Miss. Feb. 21, 1864. 
 Q. M. S, Ifeiirv Trenchard, e. Aug. 4, 1861, re-e. March 1, 
 
 1864, disd. Aug. 20, 1865. 
 Sergt. .lohn McMarlin, re-e. as vet. March 1, 1864. 
 Corp. Garrett L. Thorp, e Aug. 14, 1861. 
 Corp. Thos. Conner, e. Aug. 14, 1861. 
 
 Bugler Geo. W. Barden, e. Aug. 4, 1861, disd. for disabil- 
 ity April 11, 1862. 
 Bugler Jos G. Thompson, e. Aug. 4, 1861. 
 Farrier Edmond Rich, e. Aug. 14, 1861. 
 Saddler E. (\ Albrook. e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
 Wagoner Isaac Wilson, e. Aug. 14, 1861, died Dec. 16, 
 
 1864, of wds. received at battle of Nashville. 
 Wagoner Van Rensselaer Kellv. e. Aug. 4. 1861. 
 Brown C. F. e. Aug. 14. 1861, kid. in battle Nov. 3, 1863. 
 Belden D. e. Aug. 14,1861. 
 
 Barden Silai, e. Aug. 4. 1861, re-e. as vet. March 1, 1S64. 
 Bremmer Wm. e. Aug. 4, 1861, wd. in Tenn. April 27, '62. 
 Bradfield .To^hna. e. Aug. 4, 1861, kid. at Little Uarpeth, 
 
 Tenn. Dec. 17, 1864. 
 Bryan C. e. Aug. 14. 1861. died Oct. 27, 1861. 
 Clark A.e. Aug. 4,1861. 
 
 Dodd .las. G. e. Aug. 4, 1861, re-e. as vet. Margh 1, 1864. 
 riiilbert Chas. e. Aug. 4. 1861, re-e. as vet. March 1. 1864. 
 Tlouser I). M. e. Aug. 4. '61, disd. for disability Oct. 20, '62. 
 Ireland .Fas. e. Aug. 14, 1861. 
 McMnrtin Jno. e. Aug. 4. 1861. 
 
 Mcf'onnell .las. e. Aug. 14, 1861, re-e. March 1, 1864. 
 Butter H. E. re-e. March 1,1864. 
 
 Rich Edmond, e. Aug. 14, 1861, re-e. as vet. March 1, '64 
 
 Thorp G. L. e. Aug. 14, 1861. 
 
 W'ood John, e. Aug. 14, 1861, wd. at Prairie Station, Miss. 
 
 Feb. 2, 1864. 
 Wragg Peter, e. Aug. 14, 1861. 
 Cromwell Geo. W. e. Sept. 25, 1861, disd. for disability 
 
 April 7, 1862. 
 Albrook J. B. e. Oct. 3, 1864. 
 Rutter J. A. e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
 
 Company M. 
 
 Abbott A. J. e. Dec. 15, 1862. 
 
 Hathaway Lewis H. e. in 1861, re-e. as vet. March 1, 1864, 
 
 died of wds. received at battle of Nashville, Dec. 23, 
 
 1864. 
 Rice E. P. e. in 1861, re-e. as vet. March 1, 1864. 
 
 Unassigned. 
 
 Roberts F. S. e. Feb. 20, 1864. 
 Shultz Chas e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
 
 FOURTH CAVALRY. 
 
 Company B, of the Fourth Cavalry, was mainly re- 
 cruited at Delhi, this county having seventy-nine men in 
 the regiment. The serious business of the regiment 
 began January 14, 1863, and continued for over tliree 
 months, the command being stationed near Helena, Ark. 
 The regiment occupied the advance in Sherman's corps 
 while moving from Milliken's Bend to Vicksbiirg. 
 
 The Federal lines were thrown around the rear of 
 Vicksburg on the 18th day of May, 1863, under command 
 of Gen. U. S. Grant, who found liimself in command of 
 about sixty thousand men — cut off from supplies, ai d his 
 rations almost exhausted. The fortifications of Hainea' 
 and Snyder's Bluffs on the Yazoo River effectually cut 
 off all ccmmunicalion between tlie right Hank and the 
 supply boats on the Mississippi, while Gen. Price rendered 
 land transportation impracticable. 
 
 On the evening of the 18th of May, Gen. Grant deter- 
 mined to send the cavalry to reconnoiter in the direction 
 of Haines' and Snyder's Bluffs, and, if possible, open com- 
 munication with gunboats on the Yazoo River. The 
 Fourth Iowa was ordered on this expedition, and started 
 early on the morning of the 19th, but moved very slowly, 
 as they were constantly picking up the foot-sore and dis- 
 abled soldiers of the rebel army that had es'«ped from 
 the battle fields of Champion Hill and Black River 
 Bridges ; and by 2 o'clock P. M. they had only made about 
 twelve miles, reaching a point where the Brownsville 
 road crossed the one on which the column was marching. 
 The reports received from captured soldiers and negroes 
 placed a command of some four thousand rebels a short 
 distance up tlie Brownsville road, and estimated the gar- 
 rison at Snyder's Bluff at four thousand more, which 
 would make it e.xtreraely hazardous for a small command 
 to cross the Brownsville road. At this juncture. Col. 
 Swan, commanding the regiment, determined to return. 
 Seeing the regiment reversed and marching back was the 
 first intimation Capt. Peters had of the movement, as he 
 was at the rear. He immediately hastened to Col. Swan, 
 and endeavored to dissuade iiim, justly arguing that they 
 could not return and make a satisfactory report, without 
 at least attempting to execute the instructions. Unable 
 to change the Colonel's dett-rmination, he urged to be 
 allowed to take his old company and make an attempt to 
 look Into the rebel fortifications. His ofl'er was at 
 first refused, and tlie proposition looked upon as wildly 
 desperate and reckless ; but, after moving back for a mile 
 or two, the Colonel finally consented, agreeing to throw 
 his regiment into line, await his rettirn, and render what 
 assistance the occasion might require. Capt. Peters then 
 rode to Company B and called for volunteers, when the 
 whole company, to a man, turned out. He seli'ctcd only 
 such horses as in liis judgment would carry their riders 
 ten miles at a fast gait, and found but twenty-three men, 
 his two Lieutenants and Lieut. S. P. Kelly, of Company 
 A, who volunteered to take his place in the ranks and 
 accompany the expedition. They started at the gallop, 
 and in twenty minutes came upon a convalescent camp 
 containing some two or three hundred rebel soldiers. 
 They next surprised and captured an Irishman, i^i citi- 
 zen's dress and well mounted. The Captain chargeil him 
 with being a rebel soldier and belonging to the fortifica- 
 tions, and offered him his liberty and a free pass to St Louis 
 if he would conduct him into tlie fortifications by a route 
 that would avoid the rebel pickets. Tliis proposition was 
 acc'pted, and as the column had all tlie time been riding 
 at a fast gallop, they were soon at the foot of Snyder's 
 
WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 451 
 
 Bluff. The guide here pointed out a by-path, through 
 the brush and timber, capable of the passage of troops in 
 single file. Entering this path, the party soon arrived 
 at the top of the bluff, and came out upon a broad mili- 
 tary road leading into the fortifications, and formed in a 
 column of fours, and at a sharp gallop turned the corner 
 leading into the fortifications, sloping from their feet grad- 
 ually down to the Yazoo River. The guard left by the evac- 
 uating rebels endeavored hastily to form a line across the 
 road, but the column of cavalry charged down upon 
 th^'m so suddenly that not a shot was fired, and in an 
 instant they threw down theirarms and surrendered. The 
 cavalrymen were immediately dismounted and dispersed 
 in every direction, in squads of threes and fours, so that 
 in less than twenty minutes the whole rear guard of 
 evacuating rebel forces were moving, di'iarmed, toward 
 the landing on the Yazoo River An uns iccessful attempt 
 was then made to signal the gunboat " De Kalb," lying 
 some four miles down the river. After a few moments, 
 Capt. Peters ordered Lieut. Clark and two men to go 
 down the I'iver and communicate with the gunboat, and, 
 directing Lieut. Parsons to look after the prisoners, he 
 took three men and started for Haines' Bluff, situated 
 some three miles up the river. Here he found no troops, 
 and, after counting the guns and making observations 
 until dark, he returned to the landing at Snyder's Bluff. 
 The gunboat "De Kalb" had arrived, the prisoners were 
 received on board, the cavalrymen were eating their sup- 
 per, the first " square meal" for fourteen days, and Capt. 
 Peters was taken from the saddle and carried to the 
 officers' deck, where a sumptuous repast was awaiting. 
 After eating supper — in regular gunboat style — and 
 directing an orderly boat to communicate the capture to 
 the transports on the Mississippi, he and his men re- 
 mounted and started back to join their command, but 
 found it gone. Continuing their march, they arrived, at 
 2 o'clock A. M., fit the camp they had left the previous 
 morning. Here Capt. Peters learned that Col. Swan had 
 reported to Gen. Grant the failure of his expedition, and 
 that Capt. Peters and his small command had been either 
 killed or captured. He immediately mounted a fresh 
 horse, rode to Gen. Grant's headquarters and reported the 
 true state of things, and by daylight in the morning the 
 mule teams were bringing army stores from the Chicka- 
 saw Bayou to feed the sixty thousand hungry soldiers. 
 
 The Fourth (under command of Lieut. Col. Peters) 
 accompanied Gen. Sherman on his expedition to Meridian 
 in February, 1861, in which it had a daily skirmish for 
 twelve successive days, and performed many daring ex- 
 ploits near Memjihis and at Tupelo in the following 
 months. The regiment was transferred to Arkansas in 
 September, whence the command marched into Missouri 
 under Gen. Mower, and had a severe engagement with 
 Price's forces near Independence. In October, Gen. 
 Pleasanton, by general orders, authorized the regiment to 
 place ou its colors "Big Blue" and "Osage," the Fourth 
 having done especial service in both engagements. In a 
 subsequent order. Gen. Pleasanton said : " Winslow's bri- 
 gade of cavalry being about to leave for another depart 
 ment, the Major General commanding takes this occasion 
 not only to express his regrets in separating from such 
 glorious troops, but also to recall the splendid manner in 
 which this regiment fought at Osage, capturing five 
 Jjieces of artillery from the enemy, with a large number 
 of prisoners, and carrying, by a daring charge, the most 
 important and conspicuous position on that brilliant 
 field." The regiment returned to St. Louis November 29. 
 In March, 1805, the regiment was again at the front. Col. 
 Peters having rejoined and taken command. March 31st, 
 the regiment repulsed an attack by two regiments of the 
 enemy, driving him two miles. April 2(1, the regiment 
 captured the defenses of Selma and the city itself, includ- 
 ing 1,500 prisoners, besides an imiuense amount of war 
 material. The regiment was present at the taking of 
 Columbus, Ga., April 16th, capturing one of the strongest 
 defenses of that city. The command then marched to- 
 ward Forsyth, destroying railroad property until the 
 21st, where the armistice concluded its labors, and the 
 regiment returned to Macon, thence to Atlanta, where it 
 was mustered out August 8, 1865. 
 
 As a brilliant, dashing and successful cavalry officer. 
 Colonel Peters had few if any superiors in the Western 
 army, and successfully led many a perilous expedition 
 which, though necessary, required an officer possessing 
 cool judgment, bravery and indomitable pluck to execute. 
 A universal favorite among his associates and companions 
 in arms, he was nevertheless often considered reckless 
 and foolhardly, although he never failed to prove, by his 
 oft-repeated successes, that he was led by judgment rather 
 than impulse. Such was his popularity with the soldiers 
 of the command, that he could always secure more volun- 
 
 teers than he wished to accompany him on any extra 
 hazardous expedition, no matter how dangerous or hope- 
 less it might seem. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment toas musUred out at Atlanta^ Ga., 
 
 Aug. 10, 1S65.] 
 
 Lieut. Col. John H. Peters, com. capt. Co. B, wd. Nov. 8, y^ 
 
 1862, prmtd. major June 20, 1803, prmtd. to lieut. 
 col. Sept. 2, 1803. 
 
 Asst. Surg. Stephen Cummings, com. July 2, 1863. 
 Third B. C. S. Geo. W. Reid, e. Sept. 23, 1861, died. May 
 
 14, 1862, disab. 
 Third B. C. S. C. A. Crawford, e. Sept. 23, 18G1. 
 
 Company. B. 
 
 Capt. Alonzo Ola'-k, com. second lieut. Aug. 16, 1861, 
 
 prmtd. to first lieut. Dec. 7, 1863, prmtd. to capt. 
 
 Sept. 27, 1861. 
 Capt. Geo. B. Parsons, com. 2d lieut. Nov. 23, 1861, 
 
 wd. at Helen ', Ark., May 1862, prmtd. to capt. Sept. 
 
 2,1863, res. Sept. 1,1864. 
 First Lieut. Thomas Bowman, e. as private Oct. 9, 1861, 
 
 prmtd. to corpl., prmtd. to sergt., prmtd. to second 
 
 lieut March 1, 1864, prmtd. to first lieut. Sept. 28, 
 
 1804. 
 Sergt. Joseph Gamble, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 
 
 12, 1863, kid. Dec. 1, 1864, in battle near Memphis. 
 Sergt. Joseph Vesey, e. Sept. 26, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 
 
 12, 1863. 
 Sergt. John W. Corbin, e. Sept. 23,1861, wd. near Helena, 
 
 Ark. May, 1872, and at Mechanchanicsburg, Miss. 
 
 June 29, 1863. 
 Sergt. Cyrus Stoner, e. Sept. 23, 1861. 
 Corp. Tlios. Henry, e. Sept. 23, 1861. 
 Corp. Wm. W. Peak, e. Sept. 23, 1861, disd. May 15, 1862, 
 
 disab. 
 Corp. I. Saunders, e. Sept. 23, 1801, disd. July 23, 1862. 
 Corp. Wm. T. Smithers, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 
 
 14, 18t)3. 
 Corp. Wm. Graham, e. Sept. 25, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 
 
 14, 1803. 
 Corp. David Behan, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 14, 
 
 1863. 
 Corp. 0. II. Marvin, e. Sept. 25, 1861, reduced to ranks 
 
 Aug. 1, 1862. 
 Coip. Wm. Lees, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 12, 
 
 1803. 
 Corp. Jas. Reeder, e. Sept. 23, 1861, reduced to ranks 
 
 Aug. 1, 1862. 
 Corp. C. Eldridge, e. Sept. 23, '61, re-e. as vet. Dec. 12, '63. 
 Corp. Levi Washburn, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 
 
 14, 1863, captd. near Memphis, Dec. 14, 1864. 
 Corp. Peter McElmeel, e. Nov. 7, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 
 
 12, 1863, wd. at Pilot Knob Sept. 1864. 
 Bugler J. McNulty, e. Nov. 7, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 21, 
 
 1863, captd. Jane 11, 1864, died at Milan, Ga. Not. 
 18, 1864. 
 
 Bugler Chas. W. Tuffs, e. Nov. 2, 1861. 
 
 Farrier James Barker, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 
 
 14, 1862. 
 
 Farrier Peter Ward, e. Nov. 7, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 14, 
 
 1862. 
 Teamster Jas. A. Walker, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. 
 
 Dec. 12, 1803. 
 Teamster I. Watkins e. Oct. 9, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 14, 
 
 1863. 
 Coates Chas. e. Sept. 23, 1861, died Nov. 15, 1863. 
 Dutton P. e. Sept. 30, 1861, disd. July 14, 1862, disab. 
 Dutton H. e. Sept. 30, 1861. re-e. as vet. Dec. 12, 1863. 
 Ellis Levi, e. Sept. 23, 1861. , 
 
 Gaffney Patrick, e. Sept. 30, 1861, died June 7, 1862, at 
 
 Batesville, Ark. 
 Grav Jas. A. e. Oct. 28, 1861, wd. Oct. 11, 1862. 
 Griffin Wm. H. e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 14, '63. 
 Halsted John I. e. Sept. 23, 1861, disd. for disability Jan. 
 
 15. 1863. 
 
 Johnsou Thos. e. Nov. 3, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 12, 1863. 
 
 McNulty F. e. Nov. 3, 1861. 
 
 Millard Thos. e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 19, 1863. 
 
 Marvin Oscar, e. 1861, re-as vet. Dec. 21, 1863. 
 
 Price Henry, e. Sept. 23, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 14, 1863. 
 
 Ramsey C. D. e. Sept. 30, 1861, desrtd. Dec. 31, 1862, re-e. 
 
 as vet. Dec. 19, 1863. 
 Keid D. e. Sept. 30, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. U, 1862. 
 True Geo. re-e. as vet. Dec. 14, 1863. 
 Ireland Jno. kid. near Jackson, Miss. Sept. 1864. 
 McNulty Thos. wd. battle Tupelo, July, 1864. 
 Turner E. e. Sept. 23, 1801, disd. June 30, 1862. 
 Wellman L. D. e. Sept. 25, 1861. 
 
452 
 
 WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Walker Mely, e. Sept. 23, 1861. re-e. as vet. Dec. 12, 1S63,. 
 
 w(1. in action Dec. U, 1864. , , iop, 
 
 Williams 0. J. e. Ort. 30, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 12, 1863. 
 Taylor M. B. e. Jan. 11, 1862. . . j- i 
 
 Allen J. W. e. Sept. 23, 1861, prmtd. to musician, disd. 
 
 April 9, 1862, disab. . . 
 
 Brayton H. e. Sept. 23, 1861, prmtd. to musician 
 Hampton Jas. A. e. Dec. 19, 1861, disd. Dec. 23, 1862. 
 Lawrence, H. J. e. Dec. 13, 1861. 
 Pierce L. e. Dec. 19, 1861. 
 Shreck J. P. e. Dec. 18, 1861. 
 Washburn CyruR, e. Oct. 9, 1861, captd. June 22, 1863, 
 
 rear of Vicksburp, re-e. e. as vet. Dec 12, 1863 
 Griffin G. G. e. Dec. 19, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec^ ^^'^^^^X^, 
 Gibbs John F. e. Dec. 18, 1861, re-e. as vet Dec. 18, 1863. 
 Guthri« A. A. e.Dec. 19,1861, re-e. as ve'. Dec. 18, 1863. 
 Guthrie Jos. e. Dec. 19, 1861, re-e. as vet. Feb 29, 1864 
 Healey Chester, e. Dec. 19, 186], re-e. as vet. Dec. 19, 63 
 McCallum John, e. Dec. 19, 1861, re-e. as vet. Dec. 19, 
 
 1863 wd. at Black River Bridge, Feb. 3, 1864. 
 Blackburn A. H.e.Oct. 10, 1863. 
 Barnes Geo. F. e. Oct. 8, 1863. 
 Council Edward, e. Sept. 28, 1863, wd. near Memphis Dec. 
 
 14 1864 
 Cole ThoB. J. e. Oct. 11, 1863, kid. In battle at Little Blue 
 
 Kiver, Kan.,Oet. 23, 1864. 
 Delancpv, Win. F. e. Oct. 8, 1863. 
 Dillen Edward, e. S'-pt. 18, 1863. 
 Dufo Watson 0. e. Oct. 8. 1863. 
 Douglas J. N. e. Oct. 8,1863. 
 Evens .las. H e. Sept. 28, 1863. 
 Flinn John H. e. Nov. 22. 1863. 
 Fitch .laniea, e. Sept. 18, 1863. 
 Gaffney Thos. e. Sept. 18, 1863. 
 La Grand Geo. e. Dec. 21, 1863. 
 La Grand Melvin, e. Dec. 21, 1863. 
 McBride Benj. e. Oct. 8, 1863. 
 McKee Miller, e. Oct. 6, 1863. 
 
 Bust John B. e. Oct. 24, 1863, kid. in battle near Mem- 
 phis, Dec. 14, 1864. 
 Spears Robert, e. Oct. 8, 1863, captd. Dec. 14, 1864, near 
 
 Memphis. 
 Van Clear Jas. H. e. Oct. 1, 1863. 
 Akers John W. e. Feb. 29, 1864, captd. Dec. 14, 1864, 
 
 near Memphis. 
 Bowman Josiah, e. Nov. 21, 1863, captd. Deo. 14, 1864, 
 
 near Memphis. 
 Clapp Geo. W. e. Feb. 25, 1864, captd. Dec. 14, 1864, near 
 
 Meiii)>his. 
 Cionan Timothy, e. March 24, 1864. 
 Dennis Daniel, e. March 12, 1864, died Aug. 29, 1864. 
 Fierstine .los. e. Feb. l.i, 1864. 
 Linkin Jonathan, e. Nov. 4, 1863. 
 Littlejohn L. J. e. Feb. 26, 1864, taken prsr. June 11, 
 
 1864, at Ripley, Miss, died at Andersonville prison. 
 McCormack Marshall, e. Dec. 1, 1863, died at Paducah, 
 
 Ky. Feb. 12, 1865. 
 O'Brian John L. e. Dec. 28, 1863, trans, to Co. A March 
 
 18, 1864. 
 Phillips H. C. e. Dec. 1, 1863. 
 Smith Geo. D. e. Feb. 10, 1864. 
 Washburn Lewis, e Oct. 5, 1864. 
 Young Wm. W. e. Feb. 24, 1864. 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Hartman John C. e. Feb. 12, 1804, died of wds. at Mem- 
 phis, June 25, 1864. 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Taylor S. C. e. Sept. 23, iMil. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Fox Danl. K. e. Mmcli 14, IhCl. 
 
 Company Unknown. 
 
 McCarty Johti, e. Sept. 10, 1864. 
 Morgan Henry, e. Sept. 10, 1864. 
 
 SIXTH CAVALRY. 
 
 The Si.xth Cavalry was recruited in 1862, and was sen, 
 to Minnesota inimeiiiately after being mounted and ilritled 
 where it marched un<1er Gen. Sully against the Indians. 
 During August, 1863, three companies ot the Sixth, under 
 command of Mhj. House, while on detached service, un- 
 dertook to hold a camp ol 1,5(K) Indians until word could 
 be sent to the main force, but thia proving to be almost 
 
 too large a job for the men, for the Indians were breaking 
 awayjust as Gen. Sully cxineup with Col. D. S. Wilson at 
 the head of the Sixlh'and Col. Furnas in command of the 
 S»cond Nebraska. The battle began instantly, two com- 
 panies of the Sixth going through the camp, and Col. 
 Furnas joining Maj. House. The engagement lasted till 
 after dark, when the bugles sounded the recall. The In- 
 dians fled during the night, leaving everything but their 
 ponies and arms behind. The next day (5th), the com- 
 mand destroyed half a million pounds of dried meat, 
 three hundred lodges, and other valuable property. Over 
 a hundred dead Indians were found on the field. July 28, 
 1864, the Sixth had a han<I in the eng.igement with the In- 
 dians at Tahkah kutah, where the Indians occupied a se- 
 cure position on some steep and rocky bluffs partly covered 
 with timber. The Indians threw out mov:ntpd skirmish- 
 ing parties eight or ten miles in advance of this position, 
 which were driven back to the bluffs. The Indians wer« 
 then shelled out of their position in the rocks and forced 
 to retre«t with consider.able loss. August 8th, the regi- 
 ment, which had camped the previous night on the Little 
 Missouri, hfd a skirmish with a heavy force of Indians, 
 and on the following day got a chance to charge them a 
 distance of over two miles, killing a considerable number. 
 The regiment remained in Dakota until Winter, bivou- 
 acked at Sioux City until Spring, and was mustered out 
 in October, 1865. 
 
 [Note. — Thia regiment was mustered out at Sioux City, 
 October 17, 1865. 
 Maj. Albert E. House, com. Oct. 21, 1862. 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Miller Andrew, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Capt. Abraham B. Moreland, com. Jan. 31, 1863. 
 
 First Lieut. Wesley A. Heath, com. Jan. 31, 1863, adjt. 
 
 June 1, '61. 
 Second Lieut. Chas. F. Hobbs, com. Q. M. S. prmtd. 2d 
 
 lieut. Aug. 27, 1865. 
 First Sergt. E. M. Jones, e. Sept. 17, 1862, died April 19, 
 
 1865, at Webster City, of wds. received in a shooting 
 
 Cora. Sergt. T. B. Hobbs, e. Sept. 17, 1862. 
 
 Sergt. H. S. Sang, e. Sept. 18, 1862. 
 
 Sergt. Wm. Cuppett, e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 
 Sergt. Roland Aubrey, e. Sept. 26, 1862. 
 
 Corp. Samuel Levenstine, e. Sept. 19, 1861. 
 
 Corp. George T. Rea, e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 
 Corp. James T. Haught, e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 
 Corp. E. Raster, e. Sept.. 22, 1862. 
 
 Corp. Peter W. Keith, e. Sept. 21, 1862. 
 
 Corp. James H. McMahon, e. Sept. 18, 1862. 
 
 Corp. R. Reynolds, e. Dec. 25, 1862. 
 
 Corp. William Aubrey, e. Sept. 26, 1862. 
 
 Teamster T. J. Radabach, e. Oct. 21, 1862. 
 
 Team.ster Geo. W. Ashburn, e. Sept. 26, 1862, 
 
 Farrier James Lee, e. Sept. 22. 1862. 
 
 Wagoner James Ashburn, e. Sept. 26, 1862. 
 
 Boyles D. M. e. Oct. 15, 1862, died Aug. 8, 1864. 
 
 Bosteder 0. D. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 
 Bradley C. J. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 
 BuUis S. e. Nov. 22, 1862. 
 
 Butler A. e. Sept. 19, 1862, disd. March 23, 1863. 
 
 Blair J. L. e Nov. 21, 1862. 
 
 Blacmer Austin, e. Dec. 31, 1862, died at Ft. Randall,D. T., 
 Feb. 23, 1864. 
 
 Bangle J. W. e. Sept. 22, 1862, diad. May 9, 1864. 
 
 Barnhart G. T. e. Sept. 19, 1862, wd. at White Stone Hills, 
 D. T. Sept. 3, 1863. 
 
 Butlnr R. e. Sept. 19, 1862. 
 
 Clendenen John. e. Sc-pt. 25, 1861, died Sept. 8, 1864. 
 
 Crosby E. e. Sept. 21, 1862, disd. April 7, 1863. 
 
 Carlington Thos. e. Dec. 5, 1862. 
 
 Crosier B. e. Nov. 22, 1862. 
 
 Durfey A. B. e. Dec. 28, 1862. 
 
 Dunham Geo. a. Jan. 5, 1863. 
 
 Karl Mark, e. Dec. 15, 1862. 
 
 Foust Wm. e. Oct. 21, 1862. 
 
 Groce Wm. e. Sept. 26, 1862. 
 
 Gafney T. e. Sept. 14, 1862. 
 
 Hulbert P. e. Sept. 23, 1862, disd. Oct. 22, 1863, dieab. 
 
 Hewitt J. W. e. Sept. 19, 1862. 
 
 Hussey C. L. e. Sept. 18, 1862, disd. June 17, 1864, for pro- 
 motion to 2d lieut. Co. C, U. S. V. 
 
 Hankins J. II. e Oct. 21, 1862. 
 
 Haas Andrew, e. Sept. 18, 1862. 
 
 Hulbert J W. e. Sept. 23, 1862. 
 
 Impson Reuben, e. Jan. 5, 1862. 
 
WAR RECORD OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 453 
 
 Kearney F. e. Sept. 14, 1862. 
 
 Kinnear James, Sept. 23, 1862. 
 
 LoTeless Perry, e. Dec. 29, 1862. 
 
 Mann Z. e. Jan. 9, 1862, disd. Jan 7, 1864. 
 
 Miller Jacb, e. Sept. 20, 1862. 
 
 McFarUn Peter, e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 
 Nuttins S. M. e. Dec. 24, 1862. 
 
 Oeborn J. M. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 
 Kansdell C. C. e. Sept. 14, 1862. 
 
 Kobinson T. W. e. Sept. 13, 1862. 
 
 Beardon John, e. Sept. 18, 1862, died at Sioux City, March 
 
 28. 1865. 
 Seaton M. D. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 Smith E. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 Shepardson Van R. e. Dec. 15, 1862. 
 Stephens C. e. Oct. 20, 1862, died Sept. 6, 1863, of wda. 
 
 received at the battle of White Stone Hills. 
 Shear C. B. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 Townsend E. W. e. Sept. 13, 1862. 
 VoBburg 0. A. e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 Walter J. S. e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 Wilson E. C.e.Oct. 11, 1862. 
 Wood John, e. Dec. 15, 1862. 
 Walter J. J. e. Sept. 22, 1862, wd. Sept. 3, 1863, and died 
 
 Nov. 17, 1863, at Siou.x City. 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Henkel Wm. e. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 
 Henkel Frank, e. Oct. 29, 1862, disd. Jan. 25, 1864, dieab. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Corp. A. C. Cruikshank, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Cruikshank J. e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
 
 Company M. 
 
 Sergt. Wm. Lutes, e. Feb. 27, 1863. 
 Kennedy John, e. Jan. 5, 1863. 
 
 Unassigned. 
 
 Acers Wilson, e. Sept. 10, 1864. 
 Bailey Clement, e. Sept. 10, 1864. 
 Foley Dennis, e. Sept. 15, 1864. 
 Stockwell James H. e. Sept. 10, 1884. 
 Turner Salem, e, Sept. 10, 1864. 
 
 SEVENTH CAVALRY. 
 
 [Note. — This regiment wot mustered out at Leavenworth, 
 Kansas, May 17, 1866.] 
 
 Q. M. S. Nathan B. Gleason, e. as private March 19, 1863, 
 prmtd. to Q. M. S. July 27, 1863, disd. Jan. 26, 1866, 
 disab. 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Clark Alex. e. Feb. 9, 1863, disd. May 26, 1865, disab. 
 McQuirk Ed. J. e. Feb. 10, 1863. 
 
 Company E. 
 
 Twombly Fredk. e. May 18, 1863. 
 
 Company F. 
 
 King J. H. e. Feb. 23, 1863. 
 
 Murphy John, e. May 21, 1863, died Aug. 4, 1865, at 
 
 Julesburg, Colo. 
 Dodd Thos. C. e. March 21, '64, disd. March 22, '66, disab. 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Wagoner Enos B. Wright, e. June 25, 1863, disd. Aug. 
 
 23, 1865. 
 Chambers Henry, e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Button Wm. e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Malvin Nicholas, e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Malvin Jno. e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Malvin Jos. C. e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Mann Robt. e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Merton Jno. e. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 
 Unassigned. 
 
 Livingston D. J. e. March 28, 1864. 
 
 EIGHTH CAVALRY. 
 
 [NoTK. — This regiment was muttered out at Macon, Ga. 
 Aug. 13, 1SG5.]. 
 
 Maj. Jno. Jay Brown, com. 2d lieut. Co. K, 12th inf. Nov. 
 
 25, 1861, prmtd. 1st lieut. March 18, 1862, prmtd. 
 
 maj. 8th cav. May 28, 1863, res. April 14, 1S64. 
 Surg. Wm. H. Finley, com. asst. surg. 12th inf. Oct. 30, 
 
 1861, prmtd. surg. 8th cav. July 23, 1863, res. April 
 
 14, 1864. 
 
 Company L. 
 
 First Lieut. Chas. A. Crawford, com. 2d lieut. Sept. 30, 1863, 
 prmtd. 1st lieut. Feb. 6, 1865. 
 
 Serg. Robt. G. Crawford, e. Aug. 3, 1863. 
 
 Trump. Geo. W. Borden, e. June 8, 1863, captd. July 30, 
 1864, at Newman, Ga., died Nov. 30, 1864, while a 
 prisoner of war at Florence, S. C. 
 
 Cavanaugh Michael, e. July 30,1863, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Crouch F. J. e. Aug. 27, 1863, died May 17, 1864, at Nash- 
 ville. 
 
 Keith Jas. E. e. July 26, 1863. 
 
 Kaho Patrick, e. July 26, 1863. 
 
 Company Unknown. 
 
 Mahony Jno. e. Nov. 28, 1864. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS CAVALRY. 
 Fifth Cavalry. 
 
 Asst. Surg. Geo. S. Dewitt, com. Feb. 19, 1863, res. March 
 18, 1864. 
 
 Fifth Veteran Cavalry. 
 
 Cousins Wm. A. re-e. as vet. Jan. 1, 1864, died Oct. 9, 1864, 
 
 of wds. at Atlanta, Ga. 
 Knee Jamps, e. Feb. 26, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
 Lockridge Geo. C. e. Feb. 26, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
 Melvin Wm. P. e. Feb. 27, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
 Melugin A. W. e. Feb. 28, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
 Sackett Lewis, e. Feb. 29, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
 Wright ThoM. H. e. Feb. 26, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
 Doolittle A. H. e. Dec. 6, 1863, re-e. as vet. Jan. 5, 1864, 
 
 trans, from Co. K 5th Inf. m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
 GrifiRn Asel, re-e. as vet. .Tan. 5, 1864. trans, from Co. K 5th 
 
 Inf. m. o Aug. 11, 1865. 
 Moeheir T. re-e. as vet. Feb. 29, 1864, trans, from Co. K 
 
 5th Inf. m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
 Pratt L. A. e. Feb. 18, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865. 
 
 Second Missouri Cavalry. 
 
 Pierce S. W. e. Sept. 11, 1861, from Co. G, Fremont Huz. 
 zars, disd. for disab. Oct. 1, 1862. 
 
 THIRD BATTERY LIGHT ARTIL- 
 LERY. 
 
 Capt. Melville C. Wright, com. 1st lient. Jr. Sept. 16, 1861, 
 
 prmtd. to 1st Lieut. Sr. Sept. 4, 1862, prmtd. to capt. 
 
 Oct. 4, 1864, disd. Jan. 5, 1865. 
 Second Lient. Leroy S. House, e. as sergt. prmtd. to 2d 
 
 lieut. Jr. Dec. 13, 1863, prmtd. 2d lieut. Sr. Oct. 4, 
 
 1864, res. Nov. 14, 1864. 
 Phelps A. re-e. as vet. Dec. 22, 1863, m. o. Oct. 3, 1865. 
 Miller John, e. Feb. 26, 1864, m. o. Oct. 3. 1865. 
 Wasson Wm. e. Feb. 6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 3, 1865. 
 Webb Thos. J. e. Feb. 26, 1864, m. o. Oct. 3, 1865. 
 Perry Amos, re-e. as vet. Dec. 22, 1863, m. o. Oct. 3, 1865. 
 
 ENGINEER REGIMENT OF THE 
 WEST. 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Artificer John D. Mclntyre, e. Sept. 9, 1861. 
 
 Artificer Dean Talcott, e. Sept. 9, 1861. 
 
 Jones George, e Sept. 9, 1861, missed in action at Tus- 
 
 curabia River, Miss. May 30, 1862. 
 Smith D. Sept 9, 1861. 
 Tolcott D. Sept. 9, 1861. 
 
454 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 For four years and more, the notes of the fife and drum and bugle and the 
 tramp of armed hosts were continually heard, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
 from the Gulf of Mexico to British North America, and the clash of arms was 
 borne northward on every breeze from the sunny but blood-drenched plains of 
 the South. For four years and more, " grim-visaged war" had waved its crim- 
 son banners over the fair fabric the Fathers had erected, in a vain endeavor to 
 hurl it from its foundations. • In this terrible and gigantic struggle, Delaware 
 had borne its full part, and many a brave volunteer from its beautiful prairies 
 had laid down his life on the battle field or starved to death in the rebel ' 
 slaughter pens at Andersonville and Macon. 
 
 But now Sherman and his "brave boys in blue" had made their memorable 
 and historic march to the sea, Lee had surrendered to the victorious army of 
 the Union under Grant, the war was ended, peace restored, the Union preserved 
 in its integrity, and the patriotic sons of Delaware who were spared to witness 
 the final victory of the armies of the Union returned to their homes to receive 
 grand ovations and tributes of honor from friends and neighbors who had 
 eagerly and jealously and anxiously watched and followed them wherever the 
 varying fortunes of war had called them. 
 
 Exchanging their soldiers' uniforms for citizens' dress, most of them fell 
 back to their old avocations — on the farm, in the mines, at the forge, the bench, 
 in the shop, in the office, or at whatever else their hands found to do. Their 
 noble deeds, in the hour of their country's peril, are now and always will be dear 
 to the hearts of the people whom they so faithfully served. Brave men are 
 always honored, and no class of citizens are entitled to greater respect than the 
 brave volunteers of Delaware County, not simply because they were soldiers, 
 but because, in their association with their fellow men, their walk is upright 
 and their character and honesty without reproach. 
 
 Their country first, then glory and their pride ; 
 Land of their hopes — land where their fathers died ; 
 When in the right, they'll keep their honor bright; 
 When in the wrong, they'll die to set it right. 
 
 The wondrous deeds of daring and glorious achievements of the Army of the 
 Union, during the great war of the rebellion, will always be dearly cherished 
 by all patriotic hearts. But there were scenes, incidents and accidents, the 
 memory of which will shade with sadness the bright reflections engendered by 
 the contemplation of a heroism, devotion and sacrifice the like of which the 
 world never saw before. But the memory of those who fell in the stupendous, 
 struggle is still familiar to the present people of Delaware County ; but fifty 
 years hence, when the fathers and mothers of to-day shall have passed on to thir 
 eternal home, they will be remembered by posterity more as matters of tradition 
 than of absolute written history. 
 
 The return of Company K, Twenty-first Iowa, to Hopkinton, was the occa- 
 sion of a spontaneous gathering of several hundred of their friends, and the prep- 
 aration of a magnificent reception dinner. Mr. A. Nash presided ; Rev. Mr. 
 Harmen made the reception speech, followed by William G. Hammond and Mrs. 
 Woodward. 
 
 After dinner the toasts were by Mr. Hammond, as follows : 
 
 The Iowa Volunteerg — May they ever be remembered with love and gratitude for answering so 
 readily to the country's call ; for defending with untiring zeal the nation's honor and the cause of 
 right. May their names descend to posterity with those of Washington and the heroes of the 
 Revolution. 
 
 Response by T. II. Bowen. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 457 
 
 Peace, Freedom and Prosperity — Our soldiers have won the first by war, they have secured 
 the second by obedience to discipline, and they have merited the third by hardships suflFered for 
 their country. May they live long to enjoy all three. 
 
 Response by Dr. Finley. 
 
 The Fallen — While we are here to-day showing our heartfelt gratitude and our joy at the 
 return of these brave men, our sons, husbands, brothers and fathers, let us drop the tear of sym- 
 pathy for those fallen braves who gave their lives for freedom and our common country, and now 
 sleep the sleep that knows no waking. 
 
 Music. 
 
 Company K, Twenty-first Iowa — May its name for valor and true patriotism in the defense of 
 our country be handed down to the latest genei'ation. 
 
 Response by Capt. A. Voorhies. 
 
 The Ninth loiva Infantry — They have worn the blue on their backs to save us from having 
 the blues in our hearts. May they live to be Gray-beards, but never to be gray-backs. 
 
 No Response. 
 
 A strong hemp cord for the neck of the leading traitors, and a pretty girl's arm for the neck 
 of every soldier of the Union. 
 
 No response. 
 
 The Stars of ihe Uniort — The South found, to its dismay, that the Northern ones were shooting 
 stars, and that they, instead of being wanderers, had to remain fixed siars. 
 
 Response by E. P. Weatherby. 
 
 Gratitude — The debt we owe to our soldiers. May we always aim toward paying ; and it 
 never will be paid. 
 
 The Soldiers' Vote — The true kind of" fire in the rear." Our brave boys have conquered the 
 rebels with their bayonets and Northern traitors with their ballots. 
 
 At dinner, most of th^ boys, by arrangement or otherwise, had fair ones at 
 their sides, which gave point to Dr. Finley 's concluding remark. After allud- 
 ing to the success and return of the soldiers, he said : " They are ready to enlist 
 in another company — I refer them to the ladies." 
 
 At Delhi, August 3, 1865, was a grand gala day, and says the Dubuque 
 Times: " A white stone was deposited in the patriotic history of Delaware." A 
 grand complimentary reception dinner was given to its returned soldiers, many 
 of whom were present, representing the Twenty-first Infantry and Second and 
 Fourth Cavalry. Speeches of welcome were made by several citizens, to which 
 Col. S. G. Van Anda, on behalf of the veterans, happily responded. 
 
 The toasts were as follows : 
 Our Brave Soldiers — An army first in patriotism, intelligence, humanity and benevolence. 
 
 Response by Rev. Z. D. Scobey. 
 
 American Public Faith — Implanted by the revolution, and tested by the most gigantic human 
 strife, has been proved by the strong arm of our soldiery, pure and undying, the sheet-anchor of 
 our country and the hope of the world. 
 
 Response by W. M. Hartshorn. 
 
 Tha Flag of our Country — The banner of Freedom. 
 
 Response by J. M. Bray ton. 
 
 The Veterans of the War of 1812 — Two were present. 
 Response by Rev. Mr. Root. 
 Our Country — Born of our fathers, regenerated by our soldiers, is immortal. 
 
 Response by K. W. Kingsley. 
 
 Surgeons and Nurses of the Army. 
 
 Response by Dr. Boomer. 
 The Ladies at Home — The Soldiers' Friend. 
 
 1^ Response by Col. Van Anda. 
 
458 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Battles and BuUets—Eonor to both. . 
 
 Response by W. E. Brown. 
 
 Our Republican frntitwioris— An experiment now solved, and so solved as to show they are 
 stronger than any other form of government. 
 
 Response by Z. A. Wellman. 
 
 " Mudsills and Greasy Mechanics." 
 
 Response by G. W. J. Hawes. 
 
 The Battle Fields of the Rehellion. 
 
 Response by Rev. Jerome Allen. 
 
 The Eelurned S'ldiers— Welcome to our homes and hearts. May they live to shake hands- 
 over the grave of our country's last enemy. 
 
 Response by Dr. Noyes. 
 
 On the 17th of November, 1865, a beautiful and costly monument was 
 erected on the college campus at Hopkinton to the memory of the soldiers who 
 enlisted at that place and who perished in the service. 
 
 Forty-four names are inscribed on the monument. Twenty-four of these 
 were students of Lenox Collegiate Institute. The names of the fallen heroes- 
 who went forth from this school and died in the service are as follows : Rev. 
 James W. McKean, President of the institute ; Emory A. Smith, Alfred C. 
 Hines, both killed at Pea Ridge ; Benjamin E. Nash, Marion Lathrop, Wm. G. 
 Glenn, Samuel J. Glenn, George F. Laude, starved at Macon, Georgia ; Wm. 
 Campbell, George Stewart, Nathan Holmes, David J. Thompson, R. P. Miller, 
 Fred D. Gilbert, Wm. H. Jackson, Matthew McCurdy, Mark Scroggy, Philip 
 H. Butler, Robert Fowler, Amos Gilbert, starved at Andersonville ; William^ 
 Keak, Chas H. Whitney, D. Downey, starved at Andersonville ; J. L. Driebel- 
 bris, Merritt A. Smith. Some of the above were killed in battle, some died in 
 the hospitals, but the saddest death of all was that by starvation in the rebel 
 prison pens of Macon and Andersonville. The other names inscribed on the 
 monument are as follows : Wm. Johnston, Edward Mann, J. J. Myers, Philan- 
 der Wilson, Willis Willard, Charles Walker, Granville Hill, Geo. W. Barden, 
 G. W. Blood, J. L. Pinney, Alva Kemp, W. A. Roberts, J. B. Topliffe, Isaac 
 Robinson, Wm. Haslem, Edwin Myers, Reese Merrick, Robert Risher, John D. 
 B Ian chard. 
 
 The names on the monument are accompanied by a brief statement of the 
 age, date of enlistment, death and the regiment and company to which each be- 
 longed. Below the names, on one side of the monument, is the following 
 inscription : 
 
 " Erected by the Friends of the Soldiers from this College and vicinity, who 
 fell during the Great Rebellion of 1861-5," 
 
 On another side is the following : • " Rev. James W. McKean, President of 
 Lenox Collegiate Institute, and Captain of Company C, Forty-fifth Regiment 
 Iowa Volunteers. Born April 30, 1833. Died July 9, 1864." 
 
 There was a large assemblage of people to witness the ceremonies. The 
 venerable Mr. A. Nash presided. Chaplain Hill opened the exercises with an 
 impressive prayer. A large choir furnished beautiful and appropriate music. 
 Maj. Gen. Vandever, of Dubuque, was the first speaker. 
 
 The General's address was followed by short speeches from Chaplain Hill, 
 T. H. Bowen, Esq., and other prominent gentlemen. Prof. Allen read a care- 
 fully prepared statement of facts in regard to tlie life, services and death of 
 President McKean and the twenty-four noble young men who represented the- 
 Institute in the army and died in defense of the national life. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 459 
 
 An object of special interest at the meeting was the battle flag of the Twelfth 
 Iowa Infantry, faded, riddled with shot and stained with blood. 
 
 A company of soldiers, under command of Capt. Taylor, added to the interest 
 of the exercises by their evolutions, firing, etc. 
 
 A bountiful dinner was provided in the College building, and great pains 
 taken to welcome and render comfortable the considerable number of persons 
 present from distant towns, as well as the many who came from all the surround- 
 ing country. 
 
 The monument is about twenty feet high and cost $1,100. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 The first schools taught in Delaware County were private or subscription 
 schools. Their accommodations, as may be readily supposed, were not good. 
 Sometimes they were taught in small log houses erected for the purpose. Stoves 
 and such heating apparatus as are in use now were unknown. A mud and 
 stick chimney in one end of the building, with earthen hearth, with a fire-place 
 wide enough and deep enough to take in a four feet back log, and smaller wood 
 to match, served for warming purposes in Winter and a kind of conservatory in 
 Summer. For windows, part of a log was cut out in either side, and maybe a 
 few panes of eight by ten glass set in, or, just as likely as not, the aperture would 
 be covered over with greased paper. Writing benches were made of wide planks 
 or, maybe, puncheons resting on pins or arms driven into two-inch augur holes 
 bored into the logs beneath the windows. Seats were made out of thick Dlanks 
 or puncheons ; flooring was made of the same kind of stufi". Evervthino- was 
 rude and plain, but many of America's greatest men have gone out from just 
 such school houses to grapple with the world and make a name for themselves 
 and names that come to be an honor to their country. In other cases, private 
 rooms and parts of private houses were utilized as school Jiouses, but the furni- 
 ture was just as plain. u 
 
 But all these things are changed now. A log school house in Iowa is a 
 rarity. Their places are filled with handsome frame or brick structures. The 
 rude furniture has also given way, and the old school books, the " Popular 
 Reader," the " English Reader " (the finest literary compilation ever known in 
 American schools), and " Webster's Elementary Spelling Book," are superseded 
 by others of greater pretensions. The old spelling classes and spelling matches 
 have followed the old school houses^ until they are remembered only in name. 
 Of her school system Iowa can justly boast. It has sent out a large number of 
 representative men whose names are as familiar to the nation as they are in the 
 histories of the counties and neighborhoods in which they once lived. While the 
 State has extended such fostering care to the interests of education, the several 
 counties have been no less zealous and watchful in the management of this vital 
 interest. And Delaware County forms no exception to the rule. The school 
 houses and their furnishings are in full keeping with the spirit of the law that 
 provides for their maintenance and support. The teachers rank high among the 
 other|thousands of teachers in the State, and the several County Superintendents 
 since the office of Superintendent was made a part of the school system have 
 been chosen with especial reference to their fitness for the position. 
 
 It is impossible to find correct reports of educational matters in this county 
 prior to 1858, when the Seventh General Assembly passed "An act for the 
 Public Instruction of the State of Iowa," and organized the present school sys- 
 tem. By this act, which went into foyce March 20, 1858, each civil township 
 
t60 
 
 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 was made a school district, and the number of districts and district officers was 
 thus (rreatly reduced. By the same act, the office of County Superintendent of 
 Schools was created, and appropriations made in aid of Teachers' Institutes. 
 
 The first Teachers' Institute held in the county, of which any recollection 
 remains, was at Delhi early in the year 1860. The only item of information to 
 be feathered in regard to this meeting is, that S. L. Doggett, Esq., of Manches- 
 ter,°one of the pioneer teachers of the county, gave an address during its prog- 
 
 rcss. 
 
 The second Teachers' Institute was held at Manchester, in 1863, presided 
 over by Superintendent McCreery, and attended by some sixty teachers. The 
 instructors were Prof. Hudson, author of a series of school readers and a noted 
 teacher of elocution ; A. S. Kissell, afterward State Superintendent, and Prof. 
 J. C. Pickard, one of the Faculty in the Wisconsin State University. After 
 that date, the sessions of the Institute have been held annually, and have done 
 much to inspire the teachers with greater interest and ma.ke their work more 
 uniform and efficient. The old Institute system, however, had many defects, 
 and about 1870, there was a general demand for something better and more 
 effective. In 1872-3, a few counties, among them Delaware, tried the experi- 
 ment of longer terms and a regular course of study. 
 
 In 1873, Superintendent W. H. Merten called the teachers of the county 
 together at Delaware, and organized a Normal Institute of four weeks, in charge 
 of Prof. Wernli, late Principal of the German-English Normal School, at 
 Galena, 111. Seventy-one teachers were enrolled, and worked faithfully through 
 the entire session. It is estimated that this one Institute raised the standard 
 of teachers at least 20 per cent, over the entire county. In 1874, the Fifteenth 
 General Assembly enacted a law providing for the establishment of an Annual 
 Normal Institute in each county, and making an annual appropriation of $50 
 to each. In addition to this appropriation, to defray expenses each teacher 
 pays a fee of $1.00 for certificate, and an enrollment fee of fl.OO. 
 
 " No part of^he admirable common school system of Iowa," says Superin- 
 tendent Ewart, " has done so much for education as the Normal Institute. The 
 results are a much higher standard of teachers each successive year ; more 
 system and thoroughness in school work, and a greater interest on the part of 
 both teachers and people." 
 
 During the last five years, ending 1878, great improvements have been made 
 in school buildings. Each town in the county has a beautiful and comfortable 
 school house, and most of the houses in the country are also in good repair. 
 Proper and necessary apparatus and libraries are still scarce, but will no doubt 
 be supplied at the earliest opportunity. 
 
 Following is a list of Teachers' Institutes, places, when held, and conductors, 
 since 1864 : 
 
 1864 
 1865 
 1866 
 1866 
 1867 
 1868 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 Manchester. 
 
 Eiirlville 
 
 Eurlville 
 
 Earlville 
 
 Mancli ester. 
 Hopkinton. . 
 Manchester. 
 
 Earlville 
 
 Manchester. 
 Delhi 
 
 CONDUCTOR. 
 
 A. S. Kissell.... 
 
 J. Piper 
 
 .1. L. Enos 
 
 .1. Piper 
 
 .J. Piper 
 
 .1. Piper 
 
 D. D. Babcock. 
 
 .1. Piper 
 
 J. Piper 
 
 W. H. Merten. 
 
 ATTENDANCE. 
 
 50 
 30 
 
 50 
 
 60 
 
 44 
 
 100 
 
 142 
 
 125 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 NORMAL INSTITUTES. 
 
 461 
 
 DATE. 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 WHERE HELD. 
 
 Delaware.... 
 Manchester. 
 
 Earlville 
 
 Delhi 
 
 Manchester. 
 
 CONDUCTOR. 
 
 ■I. Wernli 
 
 .L Wernli 
 
 J. Wernli 
 
 T H. McBride. 
 W. M. Wilcox.. 
 
 ATTENDANCE. 
 
 71 
 172 
 120 
 
 165 
 
 207 
 
 The first Superintendent of Schools in Delaware was H. N. Gates, elected 
 April 5,' 1858 ; the second was Ezra F. Chase, elected October 11, 1859, and 
 whose term of office commenced January, 1860. 
 
 The following abstracts from the Superintendent's report for 1860, 1865, 
 1870 and 1875, will show the progress of the educational interests of the county 
 since the period when records are accessible : 
 
 Township districts 
 
 I ndependent " 
 
 Sub " ....• 
 
 Ungraded schools.. 
 
 Graded " 
 
 Average duration — month s 
 
 Number male teachers 
 
 Number female " 
 
 Average compensation — males 
 
 " " females 
 
 Number persons between ages of 5 and 21 years — males... 
 
 " " " " 5 " 21 " females 
 
 Pupils enrolled 
 
 Average attendance 
 
 At cost of tuition, per pupil 
 
 School houses — frame 
 
 " " brick 
 
 " " stone 
 
 " log 
 
 Value of School Houses 
 
 Value of apparatus 
 
 Number of volumes, library 
 
 Total amount expenses for school purposes 
 
 1860 
 
 16 
 
 96 
 
 6.3 
 
 67 
 
 10 
 
 $10 52 
 
 12 84 
 
 2229 
 
 2016 
 
 3561 
 
 2321 
 
 II 58 
 
 58 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 125,234 
 
 66 
 
 $13,781 
 
 1865 
 
 16 
 
 115 
 
 6.3 
 40 
 
 77 
 
 2599 
 
 2555 
 
 4107 
 
 3332 
 
 $1 64 
 
 78 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 $33,346 
 
 1,641.89 
 
 5 
 
 $23,010 
 
 1870 
 
 1875 
 
 16; 
 
 lllj 
 
 116 
 
 2] 
 
 ,5' 
 
 149 
 
 $37 72 
 
 24 64 
 
 3288 
 
 8119 
 
 4313 
 
 3813 
 
 $78,050 
 2,344! 
 
 2! 
 
 $32,8571 
 
 14 
 
 22 
 
 101 
 
 118 
 
 4 
 
 7.2 
 
 78 
 
 180 
 
 138 85 
 
 25 19 
 
 3188 
 
 3191 
 
 4850 
 
 3191 
 
 $1 58 
 
 106 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 5105,445 
 
 1,347 
 
 3 
 
 $51,681 
 
 The present County Superintendent of Schools is R. M. Ewart, who was 
 first elected in October, 1875, and re-elected in October, 1877. From Mr. 
 Ewart's report for 1877, to the State Superintendent, we extract the following: 
 
 Number of districts in township..., 
 
 Number of sub-districts 
 
 Number of independent districts.. 
 
 Total number of school districts 
 
 Number of ungraded schools 
 
 Number of graded schools 
 
 Average number of months taught. 
 
 Number of male teachers 
 
 Number of female teachers 
 
 14 
 
 102 
 
 21 
 
 123 
 
 118 
 
 6 
 
 7.25 
 
 75 
 
 182 
 
 Average compensation per month to male teachers $372 44 
 
 Average compensation per month to female teachers 259 92 
 
 3,200 
 
 3,159 
 
 4,957 
 
 3.144 
 
 Number of male pupils between 5 and 21 years of age.... 
 Number of female pupils between 5 and 21 years of age. 
 
 Number of pupils enrolled 
 
 Total average attendance 
 
 Average cost of tuition for each pupil per month 
 
 $1 58 
 
462 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Number of frame school houses lf^2 
 
 Number brick school houses ^^ 
 
 Number of stone school houses " 
 
 Total value of school buildings |109,981 
 
 Total value of apparatus ^'itr 
 
 Number of volumes in Libraries 486 
 
 School Housk Find — 
 
 Total receipts during the year |12,854 66 
 
 Paid for school houses and school sites 6,654 82 
 
 Paid on bonds and interest ^'^^^ ^^ 
 
 Amount on hand 3,276 47 
 
 Contingent Fund — 
 
 Total receipts during the year 14,907 09 
 
 Paid for repairing school houses 2,078 81 
 
 Paid for fuel 3,840 80 
 
 Paid Secretaries 577 25 
 
 Paid Treasurers 467 50 
 
 Paid for records and apparatus 348 95 
 
 Paid for various purposes 2,893 04 
 
 Amount on hand 4,703 74 
 
 Teachers' Fund — 
 
 Total receipts 52,578 54 
 
 Paid teachers 34,426 10 
 
 Amount on hand 18,092 44 
 
 Number of teachers' receiving certificates of first grade 23 
 
 Number of teachers receiving certificates of second grade 155 
 
 Number of teachers receiving certificates of third grade 30 
 
 Total number of certificates granted 208 
 
 Number of applicants rejected 
 
 Number of applicants examined 278 
 
 Average age of male teachers, to whom certificates were granted 23.4 
 
 Average age of female teachers to whom certificates were granted 19.8 
 
 Number of teachers who have had no experience 64 
 
 Number who have taught less than one year 33 
 
 Number of schools visited by County Superintendent 117 
 
 Number of visits made during the year 239 
 
 Number of educational meetings 8 
 
 Appeals 1 
 
 Amount received by County Superintendent, for services from October 1, 
 
 1876, to October 1, 1877 $1,200 00 
 
 Lenox College — Number of teachers, 8 ; pupils 200 
 
 Catholic School at Petersburg — Number of teachers, 1 ; pupils 50 
 
 Number of graded schools 8 
 
 THE BOWEN COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE, AT HOPKINTON. 
 
 The date of the first meeting of the citizens of Hopkinton, for the purpose 
 of founding an institution of learning at their town, is lost, owing to the neg- 
 lect of the Secretary to record it, but the meeting adjourned to September 6th, 
 1855. At the first meeting, a committee of organization was chosen, composed 
 of Messrs. W. P. Cunningham, Henry A. Carter, James Kilpatrick, Leroy 
 Jackson, William Holt, J. G. Diffenderfer, James R. Whittaker, William L. 
 Roberts, Joseph Porter, Phineas Allyn, Harrison Hill, L. 0. Stevens, H. 
 Jackson and R. Jackson. In March, 1856, Messrs. W. P. Cunningham, L. 
 Jackson, James Kilpatrick, Isaac Littlefield and L. 0. Stevens were chosen a 
 committee " to draft (a plan for) and build the house," and were also " instructed 
 to contract (for) one hundred thousand brick." Soon after this meeting, Chaun- 
 cey T. Bowen, of Chicago, who was in Hopkinton on business, said to his brother 
 (As!i C), in a half jocular manner, that he would contribute |500 toward the 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 463 
 
 institntion, if its projectors would allow him to name it. Asa C. Bowen men- 
 tioned the proposition to some of the leading spirits of the enterprise, who 
 ■determined to take the Bo wens at their word, and requested Asa C. to conclude 
 the matter for them. Accordingly, June 22d, the money was paid over, the 
 future school named "Bowen Collegiate Institute," and a constitution adopted 
 August 22d. 
 
 September 21st, the first Board of Trustees was elected, it being composed 
 of H. A. Carter, W. P. Cunningham, Leroy Jackson, Edmund Davis, James 
 Kilpatrick, Asa C. Bowen, W. A. Roberts, Christian Myers, I.. Littlefield, H. 
 R. Jackson, William Holt, William Morrison. Jerome Davis, J. B. Whittaker, 
 Jacob Diffenderfer and William Robinson. The three first named were the 
 President, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 The subscription fund was not to exceed $1,500, including Bowen's, and a 
 portion of it was never collected. Mr. Kilpatrick burned the brick in the Fall 
 of 1856, and the walls were laid and the building roofed in 1857. The struc- 
 ture was 40x60 feet in size, two stories high, and when finished, contained four 
 rooms on the first floor, and the upper story contained a spacious chapel, two 
 recitation rooms and a music room. The building committee found their re- 
 sources exhausted when the walls were laid, and Messrs. Carter Jackson, and 
 Kilpatrick signed a note for $i)00 to make up the deficiency, which they after- 
 ward paid out of their own pockets. The building stood untouched from the 
 Fall of 1857 until some time late in 1858, and was pronounced a failure by 
 many who had been eager to see the enterprise begun. Although a little sore 
 over the $900 note, Messrs. Carter and Jackson consulted and found that both 
 had some seasoned lumber and Carter had plenty of village lots. Mr. Carter 
 traded some lots to various mechanics for Avork, and by. donating the lumber 
 he succeeded in removing the stigma of failure from the enterprise. Carter 
 .even boarded part of the workmen. To obtain the nails and glass, a festival 
 was given which netted about $70, and to help on the good work, a ball was given 
 in the building July 4th, 1859, which drew the young people from all directions, 
 who left about $150 for the building fund. By these various means the build- 
 ing was so far completed that it was possible to use it for school purposes. 
 Accordingly, Rev. Jerome Allen and Miss Lucy A. Cooley, the latter then 
 living in " New York State, were invited to open a school in the rooms then 
 ready. Miss Cooley (now Mrs. Finley) says she arrived in Hopkinton August 
 31st, 1859, and school commenced next day. 
 
 The plasterers had just left the assembly room in the second story when 
 the school opened, and the mop-boards were put on in the rooms occupied by 
 the school after it began. The boxes containing the unused lime were still 
 standing where the plasterers had left them. But the teachers and pupils were 
 glad to go on. 
 
 The Athenian Literary Society was organized during the first term. Mr. 
 Finley recalls the names of Messrs. Perley Albrook and Austin Cook as mem- 
 bers of the society, and Henry C. Jackson adds Wni. Hill, M. W. Harmon, 
 Robert Fowler and himself. When the weather began to grow cold, the teachers 
 and the forty pupils contributed from their own resources to procure stoves. 
 
 The Winter term commenced Dec. 1st, and Mr. E. 0. Taylor was engaged 
 to teach mathematics, and Justus Houser, one of the students, gave instruction 
 in German. A festival for the purpose of obtaining funds to purchase a bell 
 was held in the chapel the next evening. There is now no means left to ascer- 
 tain the exact attendance of students at the Winter and Spring terms, but it is 
 certain that the school increased rapidly in numbers and in grade. Among the 
 
464 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 ninety-eight students enrolled in the Fall term of 1860 were John W. Corbin, 
 whose birth was the third in Delaware County, and who was Sheriff in 1876 and 
 1877 ; Merrit W. Harmon, now State Senator from Buchanan County ; E. P. 
 "Weatherbee, now a Judge of Probate in Nebraska ; Mary E. Walker, who had 
 come West to secure a divorce from her husband. 
 
 The whole community of Hopkinton was agitated during 1861 and 1862, 
 by various matters growing out of the college and its management. The first 
 trouble was created by Mary E. Walker, who wanted to share in the rhetorical 
 exercises provided for the gentlemen, and also desired to study German. Miss 
 Cooley was opposed to the idea of young ladies declaiming, and refused Mary's 
 request unconditionally. As for German, there was then no teacher. Mary 
 began to Avork upon the young men to obtain their help to secure the coveted 
 privilege of going on the rostrum, and readily secured their sympathy. She 
 was then ready for mischief, and announced to the teachers that she had come 
 to study German, and that if they did not provide her a teacher she would 
 publish far and wide that they were advertising what they did not and could 
 not perform. Meantime, the young men of the village had organized a debating 
 society, and Mary attended one evening. She was a faithful listener, and 
 before the meeting closed called for the reading of the by-laws, and asked to be 
 admitted a member. She was promptly voted in, and assigned a place in the 
 debate for the next meeting. This came to the ears of the faculty, and Miss 
 Cooley ordered her not to attend. Mary went, however, taking her place in 
 the discussion, but with indifferent success. The next day, at Miss Cooley 's 
 request. Miss Mary was suspended, and all the young men but two valorously 
 gathered up their books and left with her. They formed a procession in front 
 of the building, marched down town with the little mischief-maker at their 
 head, and paraded several streets. The young men were also suspended, but 
 soon repented and asked for permission to go back, stipulating, however, that 
 their Amazonian captain should be allowed to return also ; but this was refused. 
 The young men then surrendered unconditionally, and Mary was permanently 
 suspended. The young woman remained for some time afterward, and assisted 
 Dr. Cunningham occasionally in his practice. A few other citizens befriended 
 her for a time. Her portrait is preserved, and indicates a rather pretty face. 
 Her dress was then, as now, of the most pronounced Bloomer type. 
 
 The next trouble had no comic features to relieve it, and the lapse of time 
 only has softened the bitterness of the feud. Prof. Allen was the cause of a 
 scandal, or the victim of a slander, it is needless to say which, that called for an 
 investigation by the church, of which he was also the "Pastor. He was formally 
 acquitted, but the gossip hurt his standing in the school and community. Many 
 patrons of the school urged against him in addition that he was managing the 
 school according to his own ideas rather than according to the rules prescribed 
 by the Trustees — that he was really conducting a sectarian school backed by the 
 prestige and the name of the Bowen Collegiate Institute. The members of the 
 Presbyterian Church, which was a large and influential body, were fully con- 
 vinced of Mr. Allen's innocence in the matter of the scandal, were well* satis- 
 fied with him as principal of the school, and resolutely defended him. The 
 worldly-minded citizens, assisted by a few members of the Covenanters' Church, 
 determined to have Mr. Allen ousted, and the crisis was reached at the election 
 for Trustees, March 18th, 1862. Mr. Carter, the President, becoming satisfied 
 that Mr. Allen's supporters were outnumbered, gathered up the books and papers 
 and left the meeting. The opposition organized the meeting, and elected as 
 Trustees P. H. Warner, W. P. Cunningham, E. Davis, J. H. Campbell, William. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 465 
 
 Ireland, W. A. Roberts, Duncan Livingston, William Holt, D. E. Fuller, Chas. 
 A. Bell, Jas. Kilpatrick, H. A. Carter, L, Jackson, Asa C. Bowen and T. H. 
 Bowen. The meeting voted to dismiss Prof. Allen and Prof. Taylor, and elected 
 Rev. Mr. Brown, of Dyersville, and W. G. Hammond to take their places. 
 The Trustees were directed to prescribe rules for the government of the school, 
 and to see that it was conducted in conformity with the articles of incorporation. 
 It was also voted to cancel the degree of A. B., which had been conferred upon 
 Prof. Taylor the year before. The Treasurer elect, Mr. Davis, soon after de- 
 manded the books of the office from Mr. Jackson, but that gentleman refused to 
 let him have them, saying he had bought them and paid for them out of his own 
 pocket. Messrs. Jackson and Carter proceeded to finish the building in accord- 
 ance with some previous arrangement, and Mr. Carter brought suit against the 
 college corporation on his liens, to which Mr. Jackson, in behalf of that body, 
 confessed judgment without mentioning the matter to the other Trustees, thus 
 placing the ownership of the property in Mr. Carter's hands. This rendered 
 nugatory the result of the election, although the enemies of Mr. Allen endeav- 
 ored to have the matter re-opened, and on the application of Dr. Roberts the 
 case was sent to Anamosa, but on the retirement of Judge Wilson, it was trans- 
 ferred back to Delhi, where it was allowed to slip from the docket into oblivion. 
 This action of Messrs. Carter and Jackson was severely criticised at the 
 time, and is not excused to this day by those who were concerned in the raid 
 upon Mr. Allen, for the reason that the foreclosure proceedings shut out the 
 minor stockholders. But the transfer of the property made practicable another 
 transfer, which had been undertaken by Prof. Allen in 1860, who had declared 
 that C. T. Bowen must do more for the school or the name would be changed. 
 A printed circular for 1861 announces the school to be under the supervision of 
 the Synod of Iowa, North. How this came about is made clear from the 
 minutes of the Synod of Iowa. At the meeting of the Synod, Sept. 22, 1860, 
 the officers of the College, through Prof. Allen, requested the appointment of a 
 committee to confer with them in relation to " a tender to Synod of the over- 
 sight and control of said institute ; " whereupon Rev. J. L. Wilson, James 
 Kirk and A. S. Marshall were appointed to confer with the " powers that be of 
 said Institute, and report at our next meeting." Sept. 27, 1861, the proposi- 
 tion from the College Trustees was presented by the committee, and the follow- 
 ing acceptance made : 
 
 To the Stockholders of the Boiven Collegiate Tnstitut'' : 
 
 Gentlemen — Tlie Synod of Iowa have received, with gratitude, your liberal offer to them of 
 your Institute. We highly appreciate ycir noble elForts in the cause of education, and are 
 greatly gratified at the preference for our body which you have shown in making your proposi- 
 tion to us. At the same time we cannot but feel that, as Christian men and as a part of the 
 church of God, in the present dark and uncertain state of aiiairs, it would be morally wrong for 
 us to place ourselves in any position in which we would be at all liable to assume any new 
 pecuniary obligations. Most of our churches are involved, to a greater or less extent, and will, 
 probably, have all they can do to take care of themselves at present. Our missionary fields are 
 already suffering severely and calling loudly for aid, and what is before us we cannot tell. 
 Under these circumstances, we feel that we can go no farther than submit to you the following 
 proposition. We are willing to undertake the supervision of your Institution as far as may be 
 desirable on your part, for the present. The Synod will, from year to year, appoint such a propor- 
 tion of Trustees from our own body as you may desire, provided it be a majority. We will give you 
 the benefit of our name and influence among our churches. We will appoint a visiting commit- 
 tee, which sh.all present an annual report to Synod of the operations and condition of your Insti- 
 tution. The title of all property of the Institution shall remain in the hands of its present Trus- 
 tees or of any others who may be appointed by them, and the Synod will in no wise be liable for 
 any pecuniary obligations 
 
 This plan of supervision may be abrogated at the will of either body. And if, at any future 
 time, the Synod can conscientiously see its way clear to assume nearer relations to your Institu- 
 tion, if it be your desire, they will then do so. In the meantime, we commend you to the favor 
 of God, and bid you go forward. 
 
466 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 The Synod passed a resolution authorizing a committee, composed of Rev. 
 A. A. E. Taylor, Rev. J. D. Mason, Rev. E. L. Doddes, Hon. T. S. Wilson 
 and Thompson Bell, to submit the above to the stockholders, and on its accept- 
 ance, by the terms of the resolution, the gentlemen just named became Trustees 
 on behalf of the Synod. 
 
 September 12, 1862, the committee reported that the above had been 
 accepted by a vote of the stockholders. The committee say that a Freshman 
 class of six had been begun in the Fall term, but that five of the number had 
 enlisted in the volunteer service. The school had prospered, however, in spite 
 of the opposition of some enemies. At the next meeting of the Synod, a deed 
 of the property, freed of incumbrance, would be oflfered, provided that body 
 would assume control, and also constitute Messrs. Carter, Jackson and Kilpat- 
 rick Trustees for life. 
 
 March 18, 1863, Prof. Allen and Prof. Taylor resigned the places they had 
 held nearly four years, and James W. McKean, a graduate of a Pennsylvania 
 colleg'e, was elected President. The Trustees passed suitable resolutions of 
 regret at parting with the gentlemen who were retiring. In September, the 
 Trustees voted to rent the apparatus owned by Prof. Taylor, and Prof. Allen 
 and Mr. Carter were authorized to transfer the apparatus, furniture, etc., of the 
 defunct Alexander College, at Dubuque, which had been ordered by the Synod 
 to be removed to the BoAven Collegiate Institute. 
 
 The Athenian Literary Society came very near dying by the enlistments 
 in 1861 and 1862, but was resuscitated October 24, 1862, with a membership 
 composed of E. P. Couser, A. Sutherland, A. McKean, D. D. Griggs and D. 
 J. Edgington, who chose Profs. Allen and Taylor as honorary members. The 
 nucleus of the society library was formed at the close of the Spring term of 
 1868, by the purchase of Hume's and Macauley's histories, which cost $4.80. 
 The library noAv numbers over seven hundred volumes. The honorary mem- 
 bership includes the names of 0. E. Aldrich, Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Rev. 
 James Wright, Hon. Richard Yates, Rev. James W. McKean, Rev. Merrit 
 Harmon, Rev. William Roberts, D. D.; H. C. McKean, H. A. Carter, L. 
 Jackson, James Kilpatrick, J. L. McCreery, Hon. John Russell, W. G. Ham- 
 mond, John B. Votter, Hon. Owen Lovejoy, C. Deulinger, J. D. Mason, Gen. 
 William Vandever, Rev. Samuel Hodge, Prof Wm. Flude, Prof Samuel 
 Colvin, Prof D. H. Coulter, Col. Samuel Pollock, W. Brown Mayes, L. L. 
 Ayers, John Ferguson, J. H. McBride and Alex. McKean. The society 
 established a periodical in 1876, calling it the Athenian Enterprise, and which 
 compares well with the papers issued from other colleges. The society has been 
 in a healthv condition since 1864. 
 
 May 6, 1864, President McKean tendered his resignation, the reasons for 
 which are quaintly and touchingly given in the following resolution, passed by 
 the Trustees : 
 
 R'sr,h>ed, That, as i( appears from the report of the President, that all the male students 
 except four have volunteered into the army, that as the I'residcnt has resigned, and the female 
 students have left, and the operations of the Institution have been temporarily suspended in con- 
 sequence, we therefore make no effort to resume operations the present term', but that the Insti- 
 tution shall recommence at the regular time for the commencement of the Fall term, the last 
 ^\'ednesday in August. 
 
 Prof McKean put his own name on the muster roll his students had signed, 
 and was chosen Captain of the company. But his system would not conform 
 to camp duties and fare, and he died at Memphis, Tenn., at the early age of 
 31 years. Prof McKean's manners were most winning, and it is doubtful if 
 any student under him could have failed both to love and respect him. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 467 
 
 In July, Rev. James D. Mason was chosen President, his pay to be the 
 receipts for tuition. 
 
 October 8, the Synod changed the name to "'Lenox Collegiate Institute," 
 which action was ratified by the Trustees the same day. This act revived to a 
 certain extent the feeling created in, the Allen difficulty, and both Synod and 
 Trustees were blamed for dropping the name that had been formally accepted 
 and paid for when it was a question whether the school could be established or 
 not. The Synod passed the following : 
 
 Resolved, That we recommend Lenox Collegiate Institute to the churches as worthy of their 
 patronage, and recommend it to their liberality in any effort which the Trustees may make to 
 render the Institution permanent, by procuring apparatus and an endowment. 
 
 Resolved, That we also recommend the Board of Trustees to the favor of the Board of Educa- 
 tion in order to procure assistance in endowing the Institution from Eastern churches. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Mason resigned his place, from pique toward some of the students, 
 who claimed they could make no progress, owing to his want of attention, and 
 Rev. Mr. Allen was again placed in charge, not without stirring up the old feud, 
 for June 27, 18(35, the students petitioned the Trustees not to remove him. 
 Samuel Calvin, now Professor of Natural Sciences in the State University, was 
 chosen Professor of Mathematics during this term, and Rev. Mr. Hodge had 
 already been given the chair of Languages. 
 
 The Minervian Society appears to have been organized in 1865. The offi- 
 cers in March, 1866, were Lu. L. DifFenderfer, President; Amanda Marshall, 
 Vice President; Belle Douglass, Recording Secretary; Ella J. Dunlap, Corre- 
 sponding Secretary ; Mary A. Carl, Librarian; Mattie C. Smith, Mary E. 
 Slemmons, Anna M. Snyder, Directresses. Among the members were Julia 
 Loomis, Sarah B. Scobey and Mattie A. Jackson. 
 
 The Minervians gave an exhibition March 18, 1867, and Rev. L. B. Fifield 
 delivered an address before the Society on the previous evening. The Society 
 has now been dormant for several years. 
 
 In October, 1865, it was reported to the Synod that the Board of Education 
 had contributed $300 toward the maintenance of the school the past year. 
 
 Prof. Allen resigned the charge of the school in June, 1866, and in the fol- 
 lowing October, Rev. Samuel Hodge was chosen President, who held the posi- 
 tion until May 30, 1870, when Rev. J. W. Ilanna succeeded him. 
 
 October 31, 1870, at a joint meeting of the Trustees with the people of 
 Hopkinton, $3,000 was pledged toward endowing the President's chair, and 
 John Kennedy, Esq., was appointed by the Trustees to canvass the county to 
 increase the amount. The endowment now amounts to over $18,000, the 
 largest contributors to which have been Converse Clark, of New York, who 
 bequeathed $9,000 in real estate ; Mrs. Mary G. Semple, Pittsburgh, $3,000 in 
 bonds, and James Lenox, of New York, $1,000. 
 
 The deed transferring the property to the Synod is dated February 9, 1864, 
 and is made by Henry A. and Mary A. Carter. The grantees on behalf of the 
 Synod are E. L. Doddes, Myron H. Beach, James Kilpatrick, Leroy Jackson, 
 Henry A. Carter, James L. Wilson and Fergus S. McKean. The articles of 
 incorporation were not perfected until September 12, 1873. The Trustees 
 named therein are J. S. Wilson, A. S. Marshall, W. R. Marshall, John 
 McKean, S. Hodge, D. Russell, W. W. Thorpe, Rev. J. S. Cowden, A. B. 
 Goodale, William Flude, P. Melendy, George Ordway, W. G. Donnan, H. A. 
 Carter and L. Jackson. 
 
 The growth of the school from 1870 onward made an addition to the build- 
 ing necessary, which was provided in 1876 by the erection of a wing at the 
 east end, which is 30x55 feet, two stories high, and cost $4,500, making the 
 
468 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 total cost of the structure, as it now stands, nearly |14,000. Tlie addition 
 was provided mainly by contributions from the citizens of Hopkinton, and the 
 money was raised and expended under the direction of Messrs. J. T. William- 
 son, H. Livingston, C. E. Merriam, John Campbell, W. H. Finley and William 
 Flude. 
 
 The original articles of incorporation were filed for record October 3, 1856. 
 The document is signed by H. A. Carter, Leroy Jackson, James Kilpatrick, 
 Isaac Littlefield, W. P. Cunningham, W. L. Roberts, William Holt, Edmund 
 Davis, Jerome Davis, Phineas Allen, John Reed, Harrison Hill, H. R. Jackson 
 and others. The authorized capital was $100,000, and the corporation to con- 
 tinue twenty years. 
 
 The attendance of students has gained steadily for several years. The num- 
 ber attending the Winter term of 1870-1 was 107, while in that of 1877-8 it 
 was 159. Eight students have graduated. Their names, date of graduation 
 and present residences are here subjoined : 
 
 Ralph M. Kirk, 1869, Marengo, Iowa. 
 
 W. W. Wylie, 1872, Principal public schools. Lyons, Iowa. 
 
 L. B. Kuhn. ISir, 
 
 E. C. Perkins, 1875, Principal Hopkinton public schools. 
 
 T. H. McBride, 1876, Vice President Lenox Collegiate Institute. 
 
 B. W. Brintnall, l!S76, Indepemlence, Iowa. 
 
 Edward Cook, 1876, Marion, Iowa. 
 
 Miss Betty Hodge, 1877, Hopkinton, Iowa. 
 
 H. J. Frothingham, 1877, Lansing, Iowa. 
 
 A. G. Savage, 1877, Nugent's Grove, Iowa. 
 
 W. A. Cruisenbury, 1877, Prairieburg, Iowa. 
 
 There are some twelve or fourteen applicants for graduation at commence- 
 ment the present month (June). 
 
 The library is carefully selected,* and is resorted to faithfully by nearly all 
 the students. 
 
 The cabinet has been collected mainly by the exertions of Profs. Calvin and 
 McBride, and contains many fine specimens, illustrating the different forms of 
 crustacean and corallini life, both fossil and recent. 
 
 The Faculty of the College is as follows for the year 1878 : 
 
 Rev. Samuel Hodge, President and Professor of Ancient Languages. 
 
 T. H. McBride, A. M., Vice President and Professor of Mathematics and Modern Languages. 
 
 William Flude, Instructor ia Vocal and Instrumental Music. 
 
 Miss Mary A. George, Preceptress, Assistant Teacher of Latin and Teacher of Higher En- 
 glish. 
 
 -Miss .Mary C. Dickey, Assistant Teacher of Botany and English Branches. 
 
 W. A. Cruisenbury, Tutor in ALathematics. 
 
 H. J. Frothingham, Assistant Teacher. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 THE DUBUQUE & PACIFIC RAILROAD. 
 
 This was the first railroad which was built into and across this county. It 
 was completed to Nottingham (Earlville) in December, 1857, and to Manchester 
 and Masonville in October, 1859. Connected with it, and composed of its officers 
 and members, in part, was a sort of internal Credit Mobilier organization, called 
 the Iowa Land Company, which provided for the right of way, and largely con- 
 trolled the location of the road, and became interested in the various towns 
 through which it was expected to pass. 
 
 The road subse(iuently passed into the hands of the Dubuque & Sioux Gity 
 Railroad Company, and is now operated by the Illinois Central Railroad Com- 
 pany as the Iowa Division of that road, under a twenty years' lease, executed 
 about 1870. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. " 469 
 
 THE DUBUQUE & SOUTHWESTERN RAILROAD 
 
 passes through South Fork Township and touches the southeast corner of North 
 Fork. It was built through the county in 1858-9. Sand Spring is the only 
 station in Delaware County on the road. 
 
 DAVENPORT & ST. PAUL RAILROAD. 
 
 This railroad, which was completed in 1872, is the result of the indefatiga- 
 ble exertions of a few citizens of Delhi, in the face of almost insuperable obsta- 
 cles. The Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad had been completed in 1860 across 
 the county, passing about three miles north of the county seat, as is elsewhere 
 shown. Delhi was suffering from its isolation, and other towns in the county, 
 both north and south of the D. & S. C. line, were anxious to have railroad com- 
 munications, which could only be accomplished by a road starting from the Mis- 
 sissippi River, at Clinton or Davenport, and running northerly, to some object- 
 ive point in Minnesota. 
 
 In the Fall of 1867, Hon. F. B. Doolittle and Col. John H. Peters, of 
 Delhi, consulted together in relation to the practicability of securing a railroad 
 to Delhi. Of the necessity of such a road they had no doubt, and agreed that 
 they ought to have a road. But could they get one ? The necessity was ad- 
 mitted, but was it possible to secure it ? Single-handed and alone, and without 
 experience in building or managing railroads, they determined to make an 
 effort. 
 
 They arranged that Peters should open correspondence with railroad men 
 and parties interested in the proposition to build a road from Clinton, or some 
 other point on the Mississippi River, to some point in Fayette County. They 
 succeeded in awakening an interest in the project, and at last, in January, 1868, 
 concluded to call a meeting at Cascade, to which parties from Fayette, Straw- 
 berry Point, Greeley, Delhi, Hopkinton, Maquoketa, Dewitt and other points 
 were invited. At this meeting, the feasibility of constructing a railroad from 
 Clinton northward was discussed, and the Iowa & Minnesota Grand Trunk 
 Railroad Company was organized, temporarily, by choice of George W. Trum- 
 bull, of Canton, Jackson County, President ; J. M. King, of Cascade, Secre- 
 tary; and C. M. Dunbar, of Maquoketa, Treasurer; and a committee was ap- 
 pointed to draw up articles of incorporation. 
 
 In February, 1868, a meeting was held at Maquoketa, to consider the ques- 
 tion of route — whether the proposed road should pass through Maquoketa to 
 Clinton — but no decision was reached. 
 
 In April, another meeting was held, at Hopkinton. At this meeting, W. 
 A. Heath and F. B. Doolittle reported articles of incorporation, which were 
 adopted, and the company permanently organized. The articles of incorpora- 
 tion were filed for record June 4, 1868, with the following corporators : F. B. 
 Doolittle, H, S. Brunson, Richard Boon, Benjamin Burch, M. 0. Barnes, G. 
 C. Croston, Z. G. Allen and W. H. Finley. 
 
 But by this time., the prospects for a road from Clinton were not of the most 
 encouraging character, and the projectors of the enterprise at Delhi began to 
 feel a little blue, but relaxed no effort to attain their object. A combination 
 was formed by which the people of Fayette, Strawberry Point, Delaware, Delhi 
 and Hopkinton agreed to adhere to each other, come what would, and that 
 neither town should be left out of the line of the road, if they should succeed ; 
 and in May, Brunson, Boon, Barnes, Doolittle, Finley and others went to 
 Davenport, with the object of interesting the railroad men of that city in the 
 enterprise, proposing to them to make Davenport the terminus, and give them 
 
470 ' HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 the control of the road if they would take hold. Several meetings were held ; 
 the Davenport people became interested ; the name of the company was changed. 
 to the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad Company, and the following named 
 persons elected Directors, viz.: Benjamin Burch and H. S. Brunson, Fayette ; 
 G. Allen, of Brush Creek ; Richard Boon, Delaware ; F. B. Doolittle, Delhi ; 
 W. H. Finley, Hopkinton ; and John L. Davis and Michael Donahue, of Dav- 
 enport ; and G. C. Croston, of Cascade. 
 
 Arranwoments were made for obtaining subscriptions to the capital stock of 
 the company. Delaware Countv was expected to raise $100,000, apportioned 
 as follows r Delhi, $40,000; " Hopkinton, $30,000; Delaware, $15,000; 
 Greeley, $10,000; Yankee Settlement, $5,000. The Delaware County books 
 were placed in charge of Judge Doolittle, who prosecuted the work with such 
 energy that a little more than $100,000 were subscribed in the county. In the 
 meantime, E. Baldwin, Engineer, was employed to make a preliminary survey 
 from Davenport to Fayette, the gentlemen above named making voluntary 
 assessments upon themselves to pay expenses. Various towns along the line 
 voted a five per cent, tax in aid of the enterprise, and preparations for sub- 
 stantial work began to be made. . 
 
 At a meeting in Delhi, in August, 18G8, Trumbull, President, and King, 
 Secretary, having resigned, William H. Holmes, of Davenport, was elected Presi- 
 dent, and W. A, Heath, of Delhi, appointed Secretary. At the annual meet- 
 ing in Davenport, in January, 1869, Mr. Holmes was re-elected President ; 
 M. 0. Barnes, Vice President ; W. A. Heath, Secretary ; and R. Eddy, Treas- 
 urer. The required amount of stock having been subscribed, it was expected 
 that work would be commenced early in the following Spring, but, before it was 
 begun, the Supreme Court decided that the law allowing towns to vote a tax to 
 aid in the construction of railroads was unconstitutional, and by this deci sion 
 the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad Company's assets were reduced nearly one- 
 half. It was a heavy blow to those who had labored so earnestly for a road, 
 coming when they felt so sure of success. 
 
 In April, 1869, a meeting was called at Davenport to consider the situation 
 and devise means for going forward with the work, and at this meeting Daven- 
 port "threw up the sponge;" they had become discouraged, and felt that it- 
 was useless to tr}- longer, Delhi and the other Delaware county towns, how- 
 ever, were not disposed to give it up, and assured their Davenport friends that 
 they were determined to have a railroad. If Davenport did not Avant the 
 terminus enough to aid in the enterprise, they would find some other point. 
 After several meetings and much hard labor, Davenport finally concluded that 
 it was best to continue, and that Summer was spent in obtaining the additional 
 subscriptions rendered necessary by the decision of the court. In the Winter 
 of 1809-70 (?), the Lei^islature re-enacted the law authorizing towns to vote five 
 per cent. tax. Several towns voted aid, and in the Spring of 1870, active prepar- 
 ations were made for commencing work. Judge Doolittle was appointed Assist- 
 ant Treasurer and Right of Way Agent. Assessments were made on capital 
 stock. In June, 1870, the contracts wei-e let for grading, bridging and tieing 
 tlie whole k-ngth of the road from Davenport to Fayette. Work was com- 
 menced in Delaware County in September, 1870, under the management of 
 Judge Doolittle, who arranged for stockholders, who desired it, to pay their 
 stock subscriptions in labor and supplies. Messrs. Peters & Heath, of Delhi, 
 were the attorneys of the company. So energetically was the Avork prosecuted 
 that the road was completed in the Fall of 1872, the cars running to Delhi in 
 September, and through the county in October of that year. The depot at 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 4T1 
 
 Delhi Avas built in September, 1872, and S. S. Summers was first station agent 
 at that point. 
 
 The enterprise encountered vigorous and determined opposition from the 
 start, and that it was successfully consummated is due to the indomitable energy 
 and perseverance of Judge Doolittle, Col. Peters and a few other citizens of 
 Delaware County, and they may well feel proud of their success. 
 
 THE PRESS. 
 
 The Delhi Argus. — The first newspaper printed in Delaware County was 
 The Delhi Argus, started by Datus E. Coon, editor and publisher, in 1853. 
 J. L. Noble, then a small boy, but since Captain in the volunteer service, 
 rolled the first form. After running it about a year. Coon sold it to G. W. 
 Field. When the civil war commenced, Coon entered the army, rose to the 
 rank of Brigadier General ; and at the close of the war, settled in Alabama. 
 Mr. Field managed the paper with energy and ability until the Fall of 1856, 
 when he retired, and Charles F. Hobbs became proprietor. Mr. Field subse- 
 quently removed to Anamosa ; engaged in the practice of law, and became the- 
 author of several legal treatises. About the time Hobbs purchased the office, it 
 was partially destroyed by fire, it is said because Joe Thompson, then " devil," 
 construed literally the foreman's order to " take up the ashes in the stove and 
 put them in a box." The press was seriously damaged and many fonts of type 
 rendered useless. Mr. L. L. Ayers, in his interesting sketches of "Early Times 
 in Delaware County," says that " a day or two after the fire, Mr. David More- 
 land, of Colesburg, was at Delhi, and was informed of the fire. ' Did it burn 
 the paper stock?' sympathetically asked Mr. Moreland. 'Yes,' replied his 
 informant. ' What a pity ! ' exclamed Mr. Moreland, who asked, ' Did it burn 
 the type?' 'Yes, most of it,' was the answer. 'What a pity!' he again 
 exclaimed, and then asked, 'Did it burn the editor?' no, he is all right.' 
 ' What a pity ! Avhat a pity ! ' was again the old gentleman's reply." Appar- 
 ently he did not sympathize very deeply over the loss. Under Mr. Hobbs' 
 management, about 1858, the name of the paper was changed to 
 
 The Delhi Democrat, and enlarged it to a seven-column folio, and the oflSce 
 had a flourishing business. After Hobbs, C. L. Hayes and Hayes & Corbett 
 owned the concern for a while, and valued it at $2,000. It was afterward pur- 
 chased by Rev. L. S. Ashbough. Dr. James Wright, then County Clerk, had 
 an interest in the paper for a time. Then J. L. McCreery purchased an interest ; 
 the size was reduced to six columns and name changed to 
 
 The Delaware Journal. January 1, 1859, Mr. Ashbaugh disposed of his 
 interest to James L. Noble, who soon after relinquished the entire control of the 
 paper to McCreevy, when he again changed the name to Delaivare County 
 Journal, and continued its publication until January 1, 1804, when it died from 
 starvation. McCreery locked up the material and departed for Dubuque, where 
 he became city editor of the Dubuque Times. In March following, the material 
 was purchased by Edward Burnside, moved to Manchester and became the 
 office of The Delaware County Union. 
 
 The Iowa News -was established at Delhi in 1860, by Charles L. Hayes. 
 It lingered about a year, was discontinued and the material removed to 
 Anamosa. 
 
 Delaivare County Recorder. — March 24, 1870, Mr. J. A. Cole started the 
 Uarlville Sun, at Earlville, February 1. 1871. Hon. C. Sanborn purchased 
 it, and in June following, removed it to Delhi, changing the name to the Dela- 
 
472 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 ware County Recorder, and continued it until August 22, 1872, when he sold it 
 to Mr. J. B. Swinburne, who immediately changed its title to 
 
 The Delhi Monitor, which is still published, and is still conducted by Mr. 
 Swinburne with ability and judgment. Republican in politics. 
 
 Delaivare County Union. — ^In the Winter of 1863-4, the Delaware County 
 Journal, at Delhi, had suspended. The enterprising citizens of Manchester 
 determined that Manchester should have a newspaper, and raised, by subscrip- 
 tion, $300 as a bonus, which Avas given to Edward Burnside to aid him in 
 purchasing the material of the Journal, which he did, remeving it to Manches- 
 ter, and the first number of the Delaivare County Union was issued March 25, 
 1864. 
 
 Mr. Burnside conducted the paper with ability and success until his death, 
 in December, 1866, when it passed into the hands of L. L. Ayers, who had 
 been connected with it from the commencement. Under Mr. Ayers' manage- 
 ment it was enlarged to a seven-column paper ; grew in popular favor ; was the 
 organ of the Republican party, and was very successful until hard times began 
 to pinch, when it died ''for want of financial breath," December 31, 1872. 
 The subscription list was divided between Mr. Rann, of the Manchester Press, 
 and Mr. Swinburne, of the Delhi Monitor. 
 
 The Manchester Press. — The first number of this paper was issued June 
 16, 1871, by H. L. Rann, Esq., editor and proprietor. When the Union sus- 
 pended, in December, 1872, Mr. Rann purchased its subscription list and good 
 will. July 1, 1873, Mr. Rann sold to Hon. C. Sanborn, who conducted it 
 until January 1, 1875, when L. H. Fisk became associate editor and publisher. 
 July 1, 1875, Sanborn & Fisk retired, and Mr. Rann again assumed the 
 management and control of the paper, and is its present proprietor. The Press 
 is a large seven-column quarto sheet, ably edited and neatly printed, and flies 
 the Republican flag. The ofiice is supplied with a large Potter power press and 
 a Gordon job press, with the machinery, type etc., and is the best appointed job 
 printing office in the county. 
 
 The Manchester Democrat was established and its first number was issued 
 Jan. 20, 1875, by F. B. Gregg, proprietor and publisher, L. L. Ayers, editor. 
 Democratic politically. After a few months, Mr. Gregg retired, and the paper 
 passed into the hands of a stock company. L. L. Ayers remained as editor 
 and publisher until April, 1878, when he was succeeded by E. M. Carr and 
 Charles E. Bronson, as editors and proprietors. 
 
 The Nottingham Observer was started at Nottingham (Earlville), by Ed. 
 Stanton, in the Spring of 185!) ; suspended in the Fall of the same year. 
 
 The EarlviUe Sun, started at Earlville March 24, 1870, by Mr. J. A. Cole. 
 February 1, 1871, Hon. C. Sanborn purchased the office, and in March changed 
 its name to the Earlville Record. In June, 1871, he removed the paper to 
 Delhi, and again changed its name. 
 
 "The Earlville Gazette was started at Earlville, Dec. 31, 1875, by W. A. 
 Hutton, who sold shortly afterward to N. Rose & Son. Rose changed the name 
 to the Commercial, issuing the first number May 26, 1876. The last number 
 of the Coynmercial was issued April 13, 1877. 
 
 Earlville Record.— Dec. 1!), 1877, Messrs. J. V. & J. A. Matthews issued 
 the first number of a new paper at Earlville, called the Earlville Record. It is 
 a six- column quarto paper, devoted to local matters, but giving considerable 
 space to temperance matters and the greenback question. 
 
 The. ffopkinton Messenger, the first number of which was published May 
 10, 1H78, is owned by D. B. Sherwood, /ormerly from Michigan. The people 
 
nr 
 
 i 
 
 i^o^^^-^. 
 
 EDITOR & PROPRIETOR OF 
 THE DELHI MONITOR. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 475 
 
 of that thrifty town manifest a disposition to give the new venture all the 
 business in their power to bestow. 
 
 DELAWARE COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 March 3, 1856, the following " Regular Physicians of Delaware County," 
 viz., John Acers, Albert E. Smith, Albert Boomer, John F. Stout, Joshua 
 Doran, E. C. Taylor and James Wright, met at Delhi for the purpose of organ- 
 izing a county association. Dr. John Acers was chosen Chairman, and Dr. 
 Boomer, Secretary. 
 
 On motion of Dr. J. F. Stout, a Constitution and code of By-laws were 
 adopted, for the "Delaware County Medical Society." The Constitution is 
 signed by the physicians above named and by J. B. Ames, J. H. Shout, Z. S. 
 Ward and Thomas C. McGee. After the adoption of the Constitution, the fol- 
 lowing officers were elected : 
 
 President, Albert E. Smith; Vice Presidents, John Acers and J. Doran; 
 Recording Secretary, Albert Boomer ; Corresponding Secretary, J. F. Stout ; 
 Censors, Drs. Smith, Stout and Doran ; Essayists, Drs. Stout and Doran. In 
 the evening, the society assembled at the Court House, and was addressed by 
 Drs. Smith, Doran, Acers and Wright. 
 
 At the first annual meeting, March 17, 1857, the first fee-bill was adopted. 
 
 At the annual meeting in March, 1857, the following officers were elected, 
 viz.: Albert E. Smith, President; J. Doran and J. H. Shout, Vice Presidents; 
 Albert Boomer, Recording Secretary; J. B. Ames, Corresponding Secretary; 
 James Wright, Treasurer ; Drs. Acers, Shout and Doran, Censors. 
 
 Several meetings were held in 1857, and no others appear of record until 
 February 10, 1866, when the society met at Delhi, Dr. John Acers, " the 
 former President," in the chair. This appears to have been a meeting for re- 
 organization, as the " old Constitution and By-laws of the former Medical 
 Society " were adopted. At this meeting, the following gentlemen signed the 
 Constitution and paid the fee of $1.00 each, viz.: John Acers, J. W. Bobbins, 
 W. H. Finley, W. A. Morse, J. M. Banning, A. A. Noyes and Albert Boomer. 
 The following officers were elected: Joseph W. Bobbins, President; W. H. 
 Finley, Vice President ; W. H. Finley, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 August 4, 1869, the society was again re-organized at Manchester, at a 
 meeting of the physicians of the county. C. H. Rawson was called to the 
 chair, and Lyman J. Adair, appointed Secretary. Drs. Bradley, Banning and 
 Stannard were appointed a committee to draft a Constitution and By laws for 
 the Delaware County Medical Society, who reported the Constitution and By- 
 laws of the Linn County Society, with suitable alterations. This was adopted 
 and signed by Drs. C. H. Rawson, David LeRoy, J. Meek Lanning, W. D. 
 Stannard, Charles C. Bradley and John Acers. C. H. Rawson was elected 
 President; C. C. Bradley, Vice President; J. M. Lanning, Secretary; D. 
 LeRoy, Treasurer, and Drs. Lanning, Bradley and Stannard, Censors. After 
 which, upon examination by the Board of Censors, L. H. Keyes, Alexander 
 Wiltse, B. H. Reynolds, L. J. Adair and W. B. Sherman were admitted to 
 membership. The fee-bill of the "old society" was adopted. In November, 
 Lewis Blanchard and George H. Fuller became members, and in February, 
 1870, Albert Boomer was admitted. 
 
 In May, 1870, a new board of officers were elected, as follows: A. Boomer, 
 President; L. H. Keyes, Vice President; C. C. Bradley, Secretary; D. Le 
 Roy, Treasurer ; Drs. Lanning, Bradley and Adair, Censors. 
 
476 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 In May, 1871, John Acers, President; J. M. Lanning, Vice President, and 
 J. T. Acers. Secretary. 
 
 The next meeting was June 16, 1873, when W. H. Finley was elected 
 President ; J. M. Lanning, Vice President ; G. H. Fuller, Secretary and Treas- 
 urer ; Drs. Bradley and Paquin, Censors. 
 
 Another meeting was held September 1, 1873, and the next of record was. 
 May 25, 1876, when officers were elected as follows : C. C. Bradley, President ; 
 L. H. Keyes, Vice President ; C. 0. Paquin, Secretary and Treasurer ; Drs. 
 Reynolds, Pierce and Cummings, Censors. 
 
 June 4, 1877, officers elected, C. C. Bradley, President ; Milo Blodgett,. 
 Vice President ; C. 0. Paquin, Secretary and Treasurer ; Drs. Reynolds^ 
 Pierce and Cummings, Censors. 
 
 December 17, 1877, Dr. B. H. Reynolds was elected Secretary and Treas- 
 urer, in place of Paquin, removed from the county. 
 
 The officers for 1878 are B. H. Reynolds, of Manchester, President; W. 
 B. Sherman, Manchester, A^ice President ; George H. Fuller, Delhi, Secretary 
 and Treasurer, C. C. Bradley, Manchester, I. W. Christ, Manchester, and S. 
 Haskins, Earlville, Censors. 
 
 DELAWARE COUNTY MUSICAL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 February 3, 1872, a meeting was held at Delaware, at which it was decided 
 to organize the Delaware County Musical Association, and to hold a convention 
 at DelaAvare the 20th and 21st of the same month. A committee of arrange- 
 ments was chosen, and the programme was fixed by them. The convention was 
 held as announced, and among those who sang or played for the meeting were 
 Allie Parker, Mrs. Martin, Mrs. Clark, Mrs. J. H. Peters, Frank Martindale^ 
 Edith V. Rann. Dr. J. T. Abbott was elected President, and A. J. Brown,. 
 Secretary. 
 
 The Society met again at Greeley, Nov. 5, 1874, with Dr. Abbott as Presi- 
 dent and L. 0. Stevens as Secretary. Prof Arthur Baker, of Independence, 
 was Conductor, and the convention closed on the 6th with a crowded concert. 
 
 A convention was held at Hopkinton, beginning March 11, 1874. At this 
 session, " Gloria," from Mozart's Twelfth Mass, was sung in excellent taste by 
 Hopkinton singers. 
 
 ^The next and last convention was held at Manchester, beginning Nov. 17, 
 1874, under the leadership of Prof L. 0. Emerson, of Boston, assisted by John 
 G. Parkhurst, the noted concert singer, and Prof Keeler, of Osage. Among 
 the visitors from other towns who had places in the exercises were Mrs. L. A. 
 Nichols, of Dubuque ; Miss Noyes, of Delhi ; Prof Burns, of Cornell Univer- 
 sity ; Misses Dunlap and Kilpatrick, of Hopkinton ; and Miss Annie Smith, 
 Mrs. Robmson, Mrs. Sherman, Mrs. Burdick and Miss Clark, of Monticello. 
 The Anamosa Eureka said of the convention that "the attendance was large, 
 consisting of delegations from Dubuque, Farley, Earlville, Independence, Cedar 
 Falls, Osage, Vinton, Greeley, Delhi, Hopkinton, Monticello, Sand Spring, 
 Almoral and the entire musical talent of Manchester. The people of that city 
 opened their doors for the free entertainment of delegates, and the entire pro- 
 ceedngs were marked with the kindest feelings and a laudable desire to improve 
 in the divme art. Two public concerts were given, the receipts of which, with 
 Uie membership fee, covered the expenses, which were about five hundred dollars. 
 Ihe exercises were varied with church music, social glees, anthems, choruses 
 and solos, with voice culture, articulation, emphasis and the general reading of 
 
HISTOKY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 477 
 
 music. A score of good village singing schools should result from this conven- 
 tion." Dr. J. T. Abbott was continued as President, and Col. G. A. Day was 
 chosen Secretary at this meeting. 
 
 THE DELAWARE COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY. 
 
 The County Bible Society, a branch of the American Society, was organ- 
 ized at Delhi in 1850, and Z. A. Wellman was Treasurer and Depositary for 
 many years. He was succeeded by William Cattron in the Summer of 1864, 
 who removed the depository to Manchester. The subsequent depositaries have 
 been Morell Cotton, John C. Bremner and D. G. Eldridge. The present 
 officers are Ira P. Adams, President ; A. L. Baldwin, Vice President ; C. W. 
 Keagy, Secretary ; Frank J. Atwater, Treasurer and Depositary ; B. H. Keller, 
 B. S. Barnard, Wm. Cattron, Directors. 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 {Delmvare Township.) 
 
 The first settlements made in Delaware Township (89, Range 5) were made 
 in 1839-40. Robert B. Hutson, who came to the county in 1840, settled in 
 the southern edge of Eads' Grove, probably on Section 2. "At least," says 
 Judge Bailey, " he was very near the township line, if he was not in this town- 
 ship." In 1840, the Paddelford family and the Rexfords settled near the mouth 
 of Honey Creek, about two miles northwest of the present town of Manchester. 
 Joel Pike settled about half a mile west of Hutson, in 1840, near the present 
 site of Millheim, or "Dutchtown." 
 
 The first settler to enter or locate any of the lands now embraced within the 
 limits of Manchester was Steiner Eiversen, a Norwegian, who, in the Sprino- of 
 1850, entered the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 29 
 the north half of the northwest quarter of Section 32, the southeast quarter 
 of the northwest quarter of Section 32, the northwest quarter of the northeast 
 quarter of Section 32, the north half of the northwest quarter of Section 33, 
 and the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 33. Eiverson 
 built his cabin on the west side of the river, near the present residence of T. 
 Crosby, Esq., and, it is said, did some breaking there; but, becoming dis- 
 satisfied after living there one Winter, he thought it would be warmer nearer 
 the river, and moved his cabin accordingly. This did not suit him, owing to 
 the ague and mosquitoes, ancl he moved to the east side and built another and 
 larger cabin, on Section 33, which is still standing, a part of the residence of 
 Allen Love. Eiversen soon became dissatisfied and discontented. His wife 
 could not speak the English language, and, hearing that some of his country- 
 men had settled in the northern part of the State, he was anxious to join them. 
 September 17, 1852, he sold his claim and the lands above mentioned to Mr. 
 Allen Love and removed, Mr. liove thinks, to the vicinity of Clermont. Mr. 
 Love immediately moved into the house vacated by Eiverson. 
 
 Mr. Love and wife had a bitter experience on the first day's travel out from 
 Dubuque. Their son Robert, while getting some bread from a box in the back 
 part of the wagon, fell to the ground and was picked up insensible. A German 
 family lived near by, and thither they conveyed the child. A doctor was sum- 
 moned from Dubuque, but the child was dead before he arrived. Mr. Love then 
 went to Dubuque and procured a coffin, in which the corpse was placed, and 
 with their dead child they arrived at Eiverson's cabin. They dug a grave just 
 
478 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 southeast of the house, in which they interred the lad, and the next year his 
 brother Allen planted an evergreen to mark the spot, which is now growing 
 careen and thrifty on the bank above the railroad track. 
 
 John Brownell afterAvard settled where Eiverson first built his cabin, on the 
 west side of the river, and was living there in 1854. 
 
 George Acres, who had settled in 1851, lived about a mile northwest of 
 Eiverson ; but a few weeks after Mr. Love came. Acres sold to Mr. Levings Bur- 
 rington, who settled there in the Fall of 1852. 
 
 Mr. Love states that their nearest neighbors, in 1852, were Mr. Fowler, 
 Henry Baker and Clement Coffin, on the west, Mr. Shaffer, on the east, and 
 Joel Bailey on the southeast. Mr. Love also says that the nearest flouring-mill 
 was Benson's, and that it sometimes took a week to get a grist. His surplus 
 products were sold to immigrants — flour at the rate of $1.25 a hundred, bacon 
 at two and one-half cents a pound, and eggs at three cents a dozen. In 1854, 
 Allen Love, Jr., went to school at Acresville. 
 
 April 19, 1853, Ozias P. Reeves bought of John C. Higginson the south- 
 east quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 29, and the northeast 
 quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 32. Higginson appears to 
 have been a professional speculator in lands. 0. P. Reeves was the first 
 actual settler on the original plat of Burrington. He first lived in a 
 little temporary shanty that stood a little west of the present Nix House, 
 on the northeast corner of Fayette and Tama streets, but soon built and re- 
 moved to a house farther east, near the east line of Section 29. June 29, 
 1853, 0. P. Reeves entered the southeast quarter of southwest quarter of 
 Section 28. 
 
 The southeast quarter of the southwest quarter and the southwest quarter 
 of the southeast (juarter of Section 29 was entered in the name of Manasseh 
 Reeves, the father of 0. P., who seems to have transferred them to his son. 
 The northeast (quarter of the southwest quarter and the north half of the 
 southeast (juarter of Section 29 were entered by Geo. Acers, 1850-51. 
 
 April 1, 1854, 0. P. Reeves deeded to Rev. B. M. Amsden the northeast 
 quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 32 — 40 acres — and a " heater 
 piece," containing three acres, on the southeast corner of Section 29, to afford 
 a building site on the old Delhi and West Union road, which ran " across lots " 
 at this point. 
 
 During the Summer or Fall of 1854, James Dyer, the founder of Dyers- 
 ville, a gentleman of great energy, who was largely interested in the then 
 projected Dubuijue & Pacific Railroad, Avith Mr. William Chesterman visited 
 the new town of Delaware Center (Acersville) and endeavored to make arrange- 
 ments with the proprietor, John Acers, by which that town should become a 
 station on the line of the projected railroad. Delaware Center was a good site. 
 There was a good mill privilege there and the river could be easily bridged. 
 But Acers, taking it for granted that the road must come there, fixed his price 
 for one-half interest in the town, it is said, at $(3,000. Dyer and Chesterman, 
 however, concluded that the price was much too high. They thought they 
 could start a new town clieaper than that, and came down to Mr. Reeves to see 
 what could be done. Reeves and L. Burrington had foresight enough to 
 appreciate the advantages that might accrue, provided a town could be founded 
 and the railroad secured. Mr. Burrington and Mr. Reeves entered heartily 
 into the scheme. Mr. Reeves donated twenty acres and put in other lands, 
 becoming co-proprietor with Dyer. It became necessary to obtain part or all 
 of the land which Reeves had sold to Amsden. Consequently, Mr. Reeves was 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 479 
 
 authorized by Mr. Burrington to proceed to Belvidere, 111., as his agent, to 
 negotiate an exchange with Mr. Amsden for other land owned by Mr. Burring- 
 ton. The mission was successful and Mr. Reeves returned with a conveyance 
 from Mr. Amsden to Mr. Burrington of the north half of the northeast quarter 
 of the northeast quarter of Section 32, and also secured the relinquishment of 
 the " heater piece." Messrs. Dyer and Chesterman succeeded in purchasing 
 four " forties," including the mill site, of Allen Love, for $10 an acre, and it 
 was determined that the projected town should be called 
 
 BURRINGTON, 
 
 as Mr. Burrington had donated the land obtained from Mr. Amsden. 
 
 Soon after the preliminary arrangements had been made with Reeves, Bur- 
 rington and Love, Dr. Acers, who had heard of the project, hurried to Dyers- 
 ville with an oifer to donate Avhat he had the week previous asked $6,000 for, if 
 Dyer would abandon the Burrington scheme and come to Delaware Center. But 
 it was too late. Other arrangements had been made and James Dyer was not a 
 man to " go back " on his promises, 
 
 December 8, 1854, Allen Love deeded to Dyer & Chesterman the north- 
 west quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 32, the north half of the north- 
 west quarter of Section 32, and the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter 
 of Section 29. Dec. 21, 0. P. Reeves deeded to Dyer & Chesterman part of 
 the south half of the southeast quarter of Section 29, and on the same day, L. 
 Burrington deeded to Dyer the north half of the northeast quarter of the north- 
 east quarter of Section 32 (the Amsden purchase). 
 
 A part of the work of surveying the town into L-locks and marking the streets 
 
 and alleys was done by Davis, Surveyor, in December, 1854, but work 
 
 was suspended on account of the frost. The survey was finished and blocks 
 
 divided into lots in the Spring of 1855, Davis, Surveyor, assisted by 
 
 Charles C. Lewis and C. C. Peers, chainmen ; James Dyer and 0. P. Reeves, 
 proprietors. May 20, 1855, 0. P. Reeves deeded to James Dyer the south half 
 of the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 29. The original 
 town of Burrington was laid out on the south half of the southeast quarter of 
 Section 29. and north half of northeast quarter of Section 32. 
 
 During the last days of December, 1854, Mr. Dyer and Mr. Chesterman 
 visited their new town of Burrington, accompanied by Francis Bethell, to make 
 arrangements for building a store and mill dam, as the erection of a mill was a 
 part of the programme. While here, Mr. Bethell selected two lots (142 and 
 143) on the northwest corner of Main and Franklin Streets, as a location for a 
 hotel, paying $25 for one and securing the other as a donation, on condition 
 that he should build on them immediately. Others were treated in the same 
 way until several buildings were erected and the town began to grow. At this 
 time the house of P. Reeves was the only one on the town site. The party 
 returned to Dyersville, arriving there January 1, 1855. 
 
 During the Winter and Spring, Dyer built a store on the southwest corner 
 of Main and Franklin streets, commencing it in February. This store, to 
 which additions were afterward built, is still standing,, and is called " The 
 Long Store." As soon as it was completed, a stock of goods was put in, in 
 charge of George E. Toogood and W. H. Board. 
 
 In March, 1855, Thomas Toogood and Francis Bethell commenced build- 
 ing a house on the lots located by Mr. Bethell in December previous. This 
 house was a frame structure, sixty-five by forty-four feet, two and a half stories 
 high, and was finished and opened as a hotel in the Fall of the same year. It 
 
480 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTy. 
 
 was named the Clarence House by the proprietors, in honor of Lord Clarence, 
 of England. In the Spring and early Summer, A, R. Loomis built a store on 
 the middle third of Lot 147, on the south side of Main, east of Franklin street, 
 and moved his goods from his old store at Delaware Center. This store 
 remained until it was removed to make way for Riddell Bros', brick block, in 
 1877. Mr. Loomis also built a house on the south side of Fayette street, near 
 Bremer. Edson Merrill erected another near Loomis', on the same street, and 
 Marshall Hancock built' a house on the north side of the same street, two blocks 
 west of the others, during the same Summer. Hancock was the first to build a 
 house after Toogood & Bethell. 
 
 Joseph W. Bobbins, M. D., was the first physician to locate in the new 
 town, in May, 1855. Soon after, during the Summer, Dr. Samuel L. Hamlet 
 moved his house from Delaware Center, and located it on the northeast corner 
 of Fayette and Bremer streets. 
 
 In August, 1855, Dyer & Chesterman completed a dam across the Maquo- 
 keta, about ten rods above the present dam and bridge, and built a bridge over 
 it, the timbers supporting the bridge being imbedded in the masonry of the 
 dam. The next year, a saw-mill was partially built. The machinery was put 
 in, but the roof was never put on. This work was done under the superintend- 
 ence of Mr. William Chesterman. The dam was built of small stones laid in 
 cement, and went out a year or two after it was built. 
 
 THE FIRST ELECTION. 
 
 Until February 7, 1855, Cofiin's Grove had been a part of Delaware Town- 
 ship, and the polling place was at Delaware Center, or Acersville. But at that 
 date Coffin's Grove Township was established by the County Court. There is 
 no record of the April election in Delaware Township, but the poll-book of the 
 general election held August 6, 1855, at the house (store) of A. R. Loomis, in 
 Burrington, shows that H. L. Ryan was one of the Township Trustees, and 
 Joseph C. Skinner, Township Clerk. At that election, H. L. Ryan, Watson 
 Roe and Levi Washburn were the Judges, and J. C. Skinner and Allen Mead, 
 Clerks of the election. The officers voted for were County Judge, Sheriff, 
 Recorder, Surveyor, Draining Commissioner and Coroner. For County Judge, 
 F. B. Doolittle had 28 votes, and Charles W. Hobbs, 12. For Sheriff, C. T. 
 Peets had 48 ; John W. Penn, 21. For Recorder, George Watson, 27 ; D. E. 
 Coon, 14 ; William Price, 1. For Surveyor, W. P. Cunningham, 29 ; Charles 
 F. Hobbs, 13. For Draining Commissioner, John Hefner, 27; Franklin 
 Emerson, 15. For Coroner, J. M. Noble, 27 ; Stephen Reynolds, 18. The 
 poll-book of that election is preserved in the office of Mayor Sanborn, and con- 
 tains the names of forty-five voters who exercised the right of suffrage on that 
 day, viz. : Albert Thompson, 0. P. Reeves, James Penrod, Sidney S. Law- 
 rence, A. R. Loomis, Watson Roe, Allen Mead, Levi Washburn, Henry Ryan, 
 J. C. Skinner, S. L. Hamlet, Joseph Strawson, Frank Adle, Samuel Sweet, 
 Elijah Cheney, Marshal Hancock, Reuben Davis, Charles Trenchard, William 
 Davis, Hiram Caster, Thomas Brown, Andrew Scribner, William Mcintosh, 
 Allen Love, Samuel Scribner, Milton E. Mead, J. D. Scott, George Acers, 
 Benjamin F. Smith, Albert Raymond, Lyman Wright, Henry Acers, Thomas 
 Toogood, W. H. Board, George' W. Boyd", John Brownell, L. Burrington, John 
 H. Taber, Gideon C. Hempstead, John Hempstead, J. C. Hosier, Levi Beyh- 
 mor, George E. Toogood, Vernon Burrington, John Acers, Frank Bethell. 
 
 Rev. H. N. Gates, Rev. Mr. Graves and Elder Bixby preached in Burring- 
 ton in I 8^)5— o. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 481 
 
 FIRST BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATH. 
 
 Although the interesting circumstance did not take place on the town plat 
 itself, still, being at the residence of Allen Love, it is an item of Manchester his- 
 tory itself. In 1855, at the residence of the bride's parents, Jane, daughter of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Love, was married to William Mcintosh, Rev. Daniel Smith, a Meth- 
 odist minister, officiating. In the same year, Marvin Reeves was born to 0. P. 
 and Mrs. Reeves, undoubtedly the first white child born on the town site of 
 Burrington or Manchester. The second marriage in the township, and the first 
 in Manchester, was Lyman Wright to Sarah Lockwood. The first death 
 appears to have been that of Charles E., son of 0. P. Reeves, who died July 9, 
 1855, aged 3 years. 
 
 In the Spring of 1856, the people petitioned for the establishment of a post 
 office at Burrington, but the Post Office Department declined to establish it by 
 that name, as it was too nearly like Burlington. Judge Dyer was a native of 
 England, and when the answer was returned, Mr. Peers states that he heard 
 Dyer say : " There's a Manchester in England, and we'll call this Manches- 
 ter." The name was returned to the Post Office Department for approval, and 
 April 8, 1856, the Post Office of Manchester was established at Burrington, as 
 the town was usually called until about the time the railroad was completed. 
 
 The town plat of Burrington, although made by Dyer & Reeves, in 1854-5, 
 -was not recorded until March 13, 1856, when the proprietors dedicated the 
 streets and alleys to public use. About this time, the Iowa Land Company was 
 •organized, or at least its organization became pubicly known. To this company 
 Dyer sold the town of Dyersville, and included Burrington in the transaction. 
 
 THE RAILROADS. 
 
 In 1855, the work of constructing the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad, between 
 Dubuque and Dyersville, was commenced, and it was nearly completed to the 
 latter point in December, 1856, but trains did not begin to run regularly until 
 the Spring of 1857. R. B. Mason & Co. were the contractors, who sub-let the 
 work in sections. Many of the sub-contractors failed, and a considerable 
 portion of the work was done by Magill, Denton k Co. The firm consisted of 
 Hugh Magill, N. Denton, Henry Magill and William Magill, the latter being 
 the sons of the senior member of the firm. 
 
 During the Summer of 1856, the Chief Engineer of the Railroad Company, 
 B. B. Provost, surveyed two lines across Delaware County for Dyersville ; one 
 the shortest and cheapest route, running by way of Delaware Center and 
 Coffin's Grove, the other passing through just south of Burrington. The Iowa 
 Land Company employed Samuel Bethell to make a careful survey of the 
 Burrington route, and estimate its cost. It was found that the expense of the 
 road by this route would be something over $13,000 more than it would cost to 
 l)uild the road via Delaware Center. This difference the Iowa Land Company 
 agreed to pay, and thus secured th^ final location of the road to and through 
 Burrington. 
 
 AN INCIDENT OF EARLY TIMES. 
 
 Soon after the village of Burrington sprang into existence, one rainy after- 
 noon in the Fall of 1856, when everybody was indoors and other amusements 
 had failed, two prominent gentlemen, Ex-Sheriff Penn and Mr. Burrington, 
 for whom the village was named, bantered each other for a foot race from the 
 ■corner of Main and Franklin streets up Franklin street to the next street. 
 The mud was six or eight inches deep, there was no sidewalks, and it was 
 
482 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 raining in torrents, but something must be done to raise a breeze and get rid of 
 the ennui of a rainy day. A wager of five dollars was put up, and Penn and 
 Burrinc^ton, barefooted and bareheaded, with trousers legs rolled up, took their 
 places in front of the Clarence House ready for the start. Both were large 
 heavy men, but when the word was given they made a good start. The mud 
 was deep, however, and they were soon winded ; and as they puffed and blowed 
 slowly along, the unique sight of a foot race in a rain storm in mud eight inches 
 deep was greeted with roars of laughter from the bystanders, who will never 
 foro-et the fun of that occasion. It is said that Burrington came out a "leetle" 
 ahead. 
 
 Jan. 24, 1857, Neil McCorniick, residing about a mile and a half east of 
 Manchester, went to Delhi with a load of wheat to mill. He was accompanied 
 by his son James, then a lad of six years. He started from Delhi about 4 
 o'clock P. M., in a severe snow storm. The snow was deep, the night was cold 
 and the wind blew a gale. When within about a mile and a half from home, 
 the team lost the track, McCormick became bewildered, wandered about all 
 night, traveled once in a circle around his house within a quarter of a mile of 
 it, but the storm was so severe that it could not be seen. About 3 o'clock 
 in the morning, the horses became exhausted, and Mr. McCormick went on 
 about three rods, sat down on the snow completely chilled. James was curled 
 down in the sled box asleep. His father called him ; he awoke and went to him 
 and asked his father what he wanted, but received no definite reply. James 
 says that it was not two minutes after he reached him before his father laid back 
 in the snow, groaned and died. The little fellow, only six years old, finding 
 his father was dead, unhitched the horses, climbed on to the near one, started 
 them off, laid down clinging to the hames and went to sleep. When he awoke, 
 the horses were standing in front of Mr. Mitchell's house, a mile and a half 
 from home. This was only a quarter of a mile from where his father lay dead 
 in the snow. James was badly chilled, but recovered in a few weeks, but his 
 escape from freezing in that terrible storm is but little short of miraculous. 
 
 July Idth of the same year, James McCormick, above mentioned, and his 
 brother Neil, fourteen months younger, went bathing in a little run at the head 
 of Spring Branch, in Delaware Township, about half a mile from where their 
 father froze to death. They had been there before, but a recent freshet had 
 made a deep gully that they were not aware of. Neil got beyond his depth and 
 was drowned before the men from a neighboring quarry, alarmed by the shouts 
 of James, could reach the spot. James came near drowning himself. 
 
 In 1857, I. U. Butler and Wm. H. Board & Co. built and opened stores. 
 In July, 1857, there were twelve or fifteen dwellings in the new town, and a 
 4th of July ball was given in Butler's unfinished store, which was hastily 
 floored for the occasion. The siding was not all completed, and there was no 
 roof on the building, but these were minor matters. " The young people were 
 bound to have a good time, and they had it," says Mr. Butler, who was su 
 spectator on that occasion. 
 
 In December, 1857, Messrs. Magill & Co. completed the road to Nottingham, 
 known as Earlville, and did the most of the grading between that point and. 
 Manchester, but the great financial crash of that year compelled them to suspend 
 operations, and they ceased work in October. In July, 1859, work was resumed 
 by Magill & Co., Henry Magill having retired, and C. H. Carpenter having 
 become a member of the firm, and the road was completed to Manchester early 
 in October of that year. The depot was built on the west side of the river. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 48S 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 By act of the General Assemby of Iowa, approved Jan. 23, 1857, the 
 name of the town of Burrington was changed to Manchester ; and during the 
 following Summer the town of Manchester, including the old town of Burring- 
 ton, with large additions, was surveyed by Samuel Bethell. The plat was filed 
 for record by the Iowa Land Company, R. B. Mason, President, March 20, 
 1858. The railroad was now a certainty, and the new town grew rapidly in 
 population and business importance. 
 
 The first case tried before 0. P. Reeves, J P., was that in which Marcellus 
 Netheway was plaintiff and Levings Burrington defendant. The witnesses 
 were the plaintiff, Oliver Cronk, Edward Manning, Augustus Manning and A. 
 R. Loomis. Burrington was not present. Judgment was given plaintifi' for 
 $15, and the costs were $4.25. The cause was heard and determined June 9. 
 1857. 
 
 JEALOUSY AND DEATH, 
 
 In 1858, William Brown, a young man who was at work on the railroad, lived 
 with his sister, a mile and a half east of town, in a railroad shanty. Young 
 Brown was paying his addresses to Kate Gill, an amiable and comely Irish lass 
 who had been employed as table girl at the Clarence House. It is said that the 
 young couple were "engaged," but Brown's sister was bitterly opposed to the 
 match. Just north of the railroad bridge there was a Connery family with 
 several daughters ; one, Mary, had married Joseph Coughlan, another, Honora, 
 16 years old, was in the matrimonial market, and there were two younger ones, 
 Bridget and Anna. Mrs. Connery and Mrs. Coughlan visited Brown's cabin 
 one afternoon, and, aided by his sister, besought him to leave Kate and take 
 Honora Connery. He had never seen the damsel, but her mother and sister 
 and his sister said so much that he finally yielded and told them they might send 
 for her at Rockville, where she was at work. She came, saw and conquered. 
 Poor Kate was forgotten, for the time at least ; the next day after they first 
 met, the pair, accompanied by friends, went to Delhi and were married. It 
 seems, however, that the youthful benedict soon repented of his hasty marriage, 
 at least he appears to have continued his attention to Kate, accompanying her 
 to dances, etc., and the fearful passion of jealousy entered the heart of the wife, 
 who considered herself neglected ; friendly relations, however, were apparently 
 maintained among the parties. 
 
 Under these circumstances, on Thursday, August 5, Kate had been helping 
 the Connery family do their washing, and in the afternoon, Mrs. Coughlan, Mrs. 
 Brown, Bridget and Anna and Kate went to the river about eighty rods below the 
 railroad bridge to bathe. This was the last seen of Kate, alive. While the 
 party was absent, a workman in that vicinity heard a woman scream, but thought 
 nothing of it at the time. When the party returned, Kate was not with them, 
 and, in reply to queries, the Connery family said that Kate had gone beyond 
 her depth, was swept off and was drowned. Kate's friends asserted that she was 
 a good swimmer and suspected foul play. 
 
 About a week afterward, her naked body was found about half a mile below, 
 lodged against some driftwood. Her clothes were also found buried in the sand 
 and rubbish on the river bank near where the party had been. The remains 
 were brought to town and a Coroner's inquest held. When found, the poor girl's 
 tongue was protruding from her mouth, and it is said that there were bruises 
 and marks of violence on her neck, but Dr. Morse, who made a post mortem 
 examination, " found no marks of violence on the body." The jury brought in 
 
484 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. / 
 
 a verdict in accordance with the facts. Mrs. Brown and Mrs. Coiighlan were 
 arrested and brought before 0. P. Reeves, Justice of the Peace, for examination. 
 The Court was hehl in E. Hamblin's wagon shop. S. G. Van Anda, Esq., 
 then of Delhi, appeared on behalf of the people, and E. 0. Clemans and H. L. 
 Ryan for the prisoners. The following extract from the Justice's docket shows 
 the result of the preliminary examination : 
 
 After hearing the evidence of all the witnesses and statements of the defendants, as above, it 
 is considered by the Court that the defendants, Honorah Brown and Mary Coughlan, are guilty 
 
 of murdering Catharine Gill, alias Devano . It is therefore ordered by the Court that the 
 
 defendants be held for their appearance at the next terra of the District Court of Delaware 
 County, Iowa, and that Ann Connery and Bridget Connery be held on the sum of one hundred 
 dollars to appear at said Court to testify before the Grand Jury, and in defixult, to be committed 
 to the custody of the proper officer. OZIAS P. REEVES, 
 
 August 17, 1858. Justice of the Peace. 
 
 They were committed to jail, but the Grand Jury failed to find a true bill, 
 it is said because instructed by the prosecuting officer that there was not suffi- 
 cient evidence to convict them. The evidence was purely circumstantial, and the 
 eye witnesses of the closing scene of Kate's life declared that she had been 
 drowned accidentally and becoming frightened lest they might be accused of the 
 murder, they had buried her clothes. They were discharged and soon after dis- 
 appeared. Public opinion was strongly prejudiced against them, and the general 
 belief of this community is and has been that while bathing they fell into a 
 quarrel and Kate was seized and held under water to punish her, perhaps not 
 with the design of drownino; her, but her maddened assailants held her under 
 too long. 
 
 .lUDGE LYNCH MAKES A MISTAKE. 
 
 Brief mention has been made in the general history of a lynching affiiir in 
 Manchester, in 1859, that is somewhat incorrect. In May, of that year, 
 Thomas W. Robinson had a horse stolen. About a week afterward, a span of 
 horses, belonging to A. Campbell, strayed away. Campbell, supposing they 
 had been stolen, offered a reward for their recovery. Robert Carl, a resident 
 of Manchester, saw the horses feeding on the bottom below town, came and 
 asked Campbell what he would give him to find the horses. " Five dollars," 
 replied Campbell. " Give me a halter," said Carl. The halter was given him 
 and in about an hour he returned, leading the estrays. 
 
 Several impulsive citizens jumped to the conclusion that the horses had been 
 stolen, and suspected a man named Peters. But Peters was not an easy man 
 to handle, and they thought that they might be able to make Carl confess. 
 Accordingly they went to his house, called him out, seized him and carried him 
 to Allen Love's Grove, tied a rope around his neck, threw the other end over a 
 limb and " strung him up " twice to make him confess. He stoutly affirmed his 
 innocence, and they just run him up a third time when they became alarmed by 
 the approach of a party of citizens who had been summoned by Mrs. Carl, when 
 her husband was forcibly abducted, and the cowardly lynchers suddenly fled, 
 leaving their victim hanging. Two of them, however, more thoughtful than the 
 rest, returned, cut him down and had barely time to escape before the citizens 
 reached the scene and cared for the nearly strangled Carl. He had been roughly 
 and cruelly treated, and the act was one that has no palliation, no excuse, and, 
 doubtless, those engaged in it will not regret that their names are omitted in 
 this sketch. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 485 
 
 A BLACK SUNDAY. 
 
 r 
 
 One Sunday, March 3, 1860, the water in the Maquoketa was very high. 
 The ice had just broken in the river and was running out and the bottoms were 
 overflowed. About 1 o'clock P. M., on that day, three boys, Bartholomew 
 O'Rourke, Duncan McCormick and "Batty" Harrigan, aged 19, 15 and 12 
 respectively, thought it would be fine sport to have a boat ride, although they 
 had been warned of the danger of the undertaking. They unmoored the canoe 
 and embarked with only two sticks for paddles. The frail bark was soon caught 
 in the rushing current and was swept resistlessly down the river into a flooded 
 grove about three-quarters of a mile below the bridge. Here the boat was 
 dashed, broadside on, against a small tree and was upset. The two younger 
 lads fortunately reached the tree and climbed into it, while O'Rourke sought 
 refuge in another one near by. The now thoroughly frightened boys discussed 
 the feasibility of attempting to swim ashore for some time, but the current was 
 rapid, the ice running pretty thick, and they finally concluded that it was too 
 hazardous and they began to yell lustily for help. Allen Love, Jr., and 
 William Mcintosh heard their cries, went down to discover the cause of the 
 alarm and returned and notified the towns people of the perilous situation of 
 the lads. This was about half-past 2 o'clock P. M. Immediately all was 
 excitement, people hurried down to the spot, lumber was hauled down to build 
 rafts, for there was no boat — all was confusion and advice was 7iumerous. 
 
 Among others, John C. Bremner hurried to the spot and, all heated as he 
 was by the long run, threw off" his outer garments, tied a rope around his waist 
 and boldly plunged into the foaming, ice cold waters. He soon became chilled 
 and helpless and was drawn ashore more dead than alive. A rude raft was hastily 
 constructed of logs rails, etc., and on it Allen Love, Jr., and Albert Roe started 
 to rescue the boys, but the raft struck the tree in which the two boys were 
 perched, upset and broke up. Love and Roe attempted to climb into the tree 
 but it was not strong enough and broke beneath their weight; they then swam to 
 the tree where O'Rourke was resting alone, that bi'oke down, and, while Love 
 and Roe sought other trees, O'Rourke struck out for the west shore and barely 
 succeeded in reaching it. Another raft was constructed and about 5 o'clock, 
 Love and Roe were rescued, thoroughly chilled. It was now nearly night. 
 Mike Reardon, a shoemaker, who had been drinking some during the day, came 
 down. He was known as an expert swimmer, and John Tiernay, the guardian 
 of young Harrigan, offered him five dollars if he would bring the boy ashore. 
 Reardon, unmindful of the remonstrances of the bystanders, plunged in, swam 
 to the tree, compelled Harrigan to get down (against his will) and mount his 
 back. He then started for the shore with his burden, but had swam but a short 
 distance before he became chilled and exhausted and told the boy to get off" and 
 swim alone. Poor Harrigan didn't want to, but Reardon was determined and 
 he slipped off" and sank immediately. Reardon swam a short distance further 
 to a little clump of willows, where he uttered a moan, clung to the bushes and 
 sank partially, being still in sight although it was becoming quite dark. It was 
 afterward found that the water was only about three feet deep where he was 
 drowned. Only young McCormick now remained. A raft of lumber was care- 
 fully constructed by the light of blazing tar barrels, and two brave raftsmen, 
 Frank Cronk and Robert Parker, started to rescue him. Just as they reached 
 the tree, a huge cake of ice struck their craft and drove it below and they 
 regained the shore with difficulty. They didn't care to go again on the per- 
 
486 . HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 ilous errand, but were at last persuaded to try it again, and had the proud 
 satisfaction of bringing the boy ashore about 11:30 P. M. 
 
 This was a notable event in the history of Manchester, and will not be for- 
 gotten by those who were eye witnesses, although there are many different ver- 
 sions of the affair. The body of Reardon was recovered the next day, by Mr. 
 H. L. Bates. He was still clinging to the willows and his face out of water 
 but covered with ice. Harrigan's body was not found until the water subsided. 
 
 In 1860, Olney remarked of another citizen, whose name is now for- 
 gotten, that he was a thief. This was regarded injurious to his reputation by 
 him of the forgotten name, who may be styled John Doe. He sued Olney before 
 Justice E. L. Eaton, for defamation, retaining A. S. Blair, Esq. Olney secured 
 the services of Henry L. Ryan. Blair introduced his evidence and made so 
 clear a case, that Ryan saw his client was sure to lose. Determined to save his 
 client and to maintain his own reputation, Ryan began to introduce evidence to 
 show that his client. Olney, could not be believed under any circumstances, 
 intending, thereby, to show that Doe had suffered no damage to his character. 
 Blair objected as soon as he saw Ryan's drift, but Justice Eaton, thinking there 
 was fun ahead, allowed the evidence. Ryan examined his witnesses, made an 
 effective address to the jury, who brought in a verdict for the defendant. Mr. 
 Blair says, in this connection, that Mr. Ryan was as troublesome an antagonist 
 in his justice practice as he ever met, being full of resources in critical cases. 
 
 THE BRIDGES. 
 
 In 1861, the business of the town required that something should be done 
 about making the river passable. The makeshift erected by Dyer & Ches- 
 terman had entirely disappeared. Accordingly, in 1861, the people of Man- 
 chester pledged a sum sufficient to erect a bridge, and the timbers were got 
 out and hewed by C. C. Peers. The Board had appropriated $600 toward the 
 structure. The bridge was planked and opened to the public the same Fall. 
 It was a well built structure, and a credit to the public spirit of the young 
 town. 
 
 June 27, 1865, during the heavy rain, Thomas Toogood and A. M. Sher- 
 wood procured a heavy cable and with it crossed the railroad bridge, came up 
 on the west side, made fast the cable to the wagon bridge and tied it to a tree, 
 steamboat fashion, near L. S. Millett's house. Early the next morning their 
 precaution was justified, for the water floated the structure off its piers and 
 swung it against the right bank, where it looked like a flat-boat gone to wreck. 
 When the water abated, the work of replacing the bridge began, under the super- 
 vision of C. H. Carpenter, Charles Paxson and W. C. White. The timbers 
 and planks of the wrecked bridge being saved, a considerable outlay was avoided. 
 Piles were driven and a bridge put up in much the same form as Caesar's famous 
 bridge across the Rhine. This stood till March, 1867, when it was broken 
 down by the drifting ice, and again in 1868. 
 
 In the Summer of that year, after a heated contest among various business 
 men as to where a new bridge should be located, the site having been finally 
 referred to the Board of Supervisors and fixed by them, that bodjr voted an 
 appropriation of $5,000 toward a new bridge. This was as large a sum as the 
 Board was aHowed by law to grant, and the Town Council was obliged to raise 
 the additional $6,500 necessary, by the sale of bonds. The bridge was begun 
 and finished in that year, under the supervision of Charles Paxson, H. M. Con- 
 gar and Joel Bailey, which stood until 1877, when it was replaced by a struc- 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 487 
 
 ture partly of wood and partly of iron. The piers laid in 1868 look as if they 
 would stand as long as the earth itself. 
 
 THE PEOPLE EXCITED. 
 
 In 1861, the lot on the northeast corner of Franklin and Main sts., opposite 
 the Clarence House, where a handsome brick block has since been erected by B. 
 Thorp, Sr., was vacant. On this lot stood a "Liberty pole'' about fifty feet 
 high. One bright morning, when the goOd citizens of the town began to be 
 astir, they discovered the rebel flag flying from the top of that pole. Immedi- 
 ately the whole town was ablaze with excitement and indignation. Who was 
 the traitor who had dared to raise that rag ? Nobody knew, but there floated the 
 Confederate flag and it must come down. A boy was sent up to cut the ropes, but 
 when he had climbed to within six or eight feet of the top he found the pole 
 had been greased and he could get no further. Then they tried to cut the rope 
 with bullets, but this was not successful, and after some time axes were brought 
 and wielded by strong arms, the pole was cut down and the hated emblem of 
 treason was cut in pieces by the loyal and indignant populace. It was dis- 
 covered afterward that some young men for pure love of fun had, during the 
 night, tied the flag to the pole just to see what the people would do when it was 
 discovered, and after fastening the flag, the daring youth who ascended the pole 
 greased it for several feet so that it would be difficult to climb again. The inci- 
 dent served to demonstrate the loyalty of the people. The young men who 
 perpetrated this practical joke afterward entered the service of the United States 
 and served three years. 
 
 In March, 1864, ten years after the first building was erected, Manchester 
 contained 20-3 buildings, 140 of which were dwellings, and the business of the 
 town was as follows, as published in the first number of the Delaware County 
 Union, March 25, 1864 : 
 
 Dry Goods, Groceries, etc., Loorais & Cornish; Robert Rule; John Tier- 
 nay; H. Hutchinson; Cattron & Wheeler; H. M. Congar k Co.; Paxson, 
 Thompson k Seeds. Harness Shops, W. H. Bard k Co. ; M. A. Newcomb. 
 Boots and Shoes, B. H. Keller ; Seth Brown. Hardware and Stoves, I. U. 
 Butler ; Adams k Freelove. Drugs, Charles Burnside ; M. Cotton. Jewelry, 
 D. R. Lewis ; Dodson & Wells. Agricultural Implements, N. Ruggles. Gro- 
 ceries and Liquors, Clinton & McCarty ; S. Davidson ; W. C. White. Meat 
 Market, Geo. Brownell ; Millinery and Dress Making, the Misses Davis ; Mrs, 
 R.H.Cotton; Miss Lizzie White. Blacksmiths, Edson Merrill ; James Brown; 
 Harrison L. Bates ; W.E.Foster. Wheelwrights, G. A. Chapman; H.Walton. 
 Saloon, M. Plimpton. Produce, L. A. Loomis. Tailor, Louis Haubenestel. 
 Ambrotype Artist, E. P. Libby. Chair Factory. G. R. Hartwell. Livery 
 Stable, Morgan k Daggett. Select School, S. L. Doggett. Hotel, Clarence 
 House, by Toogood k Bethel. Coopers, S. W. Green. Wagon Shops, Smart 
 & Doolittle ; Enos Hamblin. Painter, J. E. Harker. Fanning Mill Manu- 
 factory, Tush & Brownell. Grain Elevators, I. P. Adams ; A. R. Loomis ; 
 Paxon, Tomlinson & Co. Lumber Yard, I. P. Adams. Railroad Eating 
 House, John Schilling. Press, Delaware County Union, by Edward Burnside. 
 Doctors, J. W. Bobbins ; L. B. Ross. Lawyer, H. S. Blair. 
 
 In the Spring of 1865, the patriotic citizens of Manchester erected another 
 liberty pole, with appropriate ceremonies, speech, etc. " Thereby hangs a tale." 
 The necessary funds were subscribed and several patriotic citizens organized an 
 expedition for the purpose of discovering a sky-scraper, and obtained one. Soon 
 after the mast had been placed in position, it was discovered that about $60 had 
 
488 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 been paid by the citiz-ns, and a report of expenditures was called for, which 
 was rendered substantially as follows. 
 
 Citizens of Manchester for procuring liberty pole: 
 
 To and team two days $ 6 00 
 
 To and team two days 6 00 
 
 To 's work, two days 2 50 
 
 To s work, two days 2 50 
 
 To lunch for party 36 50 
 
 To board, five persons two days 6 25 
 
 Total 159 75 
 
 This was accepted as satisfactory, but a few days after a German citizen of 
 Richland Township put in an appearance at Manchester and talked about legal 
 proceedings for stealing timber, but accepted a five dollar bill as a compromise, 
 and some people say they don't quite understand the report and voucher above 
 presented. 
 
 On Saturday, September 9, 1865, a temporary bridge was built across the 
 Maquoketa to take the place of the one which had been swept away by the 
 floods, on the site of the old one at the foot of Franklin street. 
 
 The population of Manchester, in 1865, had increased to 852. 
 
 In January, 1866, a brass band was organized in Manchester, with the fol- 
 lowing members: Charles Eaton, Leader; A. M. Sherwood, J. W. Holmes, 
 Robert Rule, Jr., J. A. Wheeler, L. W. Adams, John F. Merry, H. A. Bur- 
 nett, A. M. Freelove, A. L. Manning, Joseph Gary and Truman R. McKee. 
 
 MURDER AND SUICIDE. 
 
 On Thursday evening, November 8, 1866, J. W. Myers, maddened by 
 jealousy, attempted to shoot his wife, but missed her, when she fell to the floor; 
 his mother-in-law started to her feet in alarm, having their four months old 
 baby in her arms, when he discharged the remaining barrel at them, instantly 
 killing the baby and badly wounding the lady. He then went to the barn in 
 the rear of the lot, and cut his throat with a razor, three times, severing both 
 the jugular vein and wind pipe. 
 
 Edward Burnside, Esq., first editor of the first paper published in Manches- 
 ter, the Delaware County Union, died December 28, 1866. 
 
 Until 1866, the village of Manchester constituted an integral portion of 
 Delaware Township. 
 
 In November, 1865, Simeon L. Doggett, Esq., drafted a petition to the 
 County Court, that the village of Manchester and additions be organized into a 
 town. That petition defined the boundaries of the proposed town, and possesses 
 historical interest, as it preserves the names of many of the citizens interested 
 in municipal affairs at that time, and the following is a copy of the document: 
 
 State ok Iowa, Delaware County. — Petition. 
 To the Cnunty Court of Deluivare. County : 
 
 We, the undersigned petitioners, do hereby petition the Court aforesaid, that we be organized 
 into an incorporated town ; that the village known as Manchester, with all the additions iliereto, 
 consisting of all the tract of land as recorded in the plat called Manchester (except those lots 
 now recorded as vacated), and of all the tract of land as recorded on the plat, called Burrington's 
 Addition to Manchester ; also, the Iowa Land Company's Addition to Manchester ; also, the Iowa 
 Land Company's Subdivision of part of the village of Manchester; also, the Railroad Addition 
 to Manchester; also. Amsden's Addition to Manchester, and of all the tract of land before this 
 date laid off into town lots and recorded, of any size, on any side of said Manchester, and as far 
 north, south, esist or west as said lots so added to said Manchester may extend, not including any 
 lots now recorded as vacated, be organized into an incorporateii town. The territory proposed 
 to be embraced in such incorporated town, being the same as that delineated into lots and streets 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 489 
 
 and shown forth on the map or plat to this petition annexed, being located mostly on the north 
 part of Section 32, and the south part of Sectioa 29, in Delaware Township of Delaware County, 
 Iowa, having for a boundary line, commencing in the middle of Prospect street at the corner of 
 Lot Number 17, in Burrington's Addition to the village of Manchester, according to said map and 
 the recorded plat of said addition; said lot being the lot now occupied by C. H. Carpenter and 
 cornering on Franklin street (that is the West Union Road) and said Prospect street; said line 
 commencing with said Prospect street at said Franklin street and running east along the middle 
 of said Prospect street to Buchanan street ; thence sout h along tlie east verge of Buchanan street ; 
 thence east along the north line of North street in the Iowa Land Company's Addition to said 
 Manchester, according to the annexed map and the recorded plat of said last mentioned Addi- 
 tion ; thence west along the middle line of the Earlville road ; thence south along the east boun- 
 dary of Lots Number 171, 172, 222, 223, fronting on Reynolds street of said village; thence west 
 along said Lot 223 (its south edge); thence south along a part of Wayne street in the said 
 Amsden's Addition to tlie south line of the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad ; thence west along 
 said railroad (including ot L253 on the Delhi road just south of said railroad) to the Maquekota 
 River, and in a southern direction along the east bank of said river to a point opposite the south- 
 east corner of Lot Number 781, in said village, and across the river from said point to the corner 
 mentioned last: thence west along the south edge of said lot and the contiguous Lot 782, to Lot 
 Number 939 in said village; thence south along the last mentioned lot to its southeast corner ; 
 thence west to the west edge of Fifth street of said village; thence north to the southeast corner 
 of Lot Number 940 of said village; thence west along the south lines of said lot and of said rail- 
 road, to Twelfth street of said village; thence north along Twelfth street to the Burrington and 
 Coffin's Grove road, and east along said road to Ninth street of said village (including Lots Num- 
 bers 482 and 505, cornering on said street and road in Manchester) ; thence along said Ninth 
 street, Howard street of said village; thence along said Howard street to Lot Number 356 in 
 said village; thence along the back lines of said lot and the adjoining Lots Numbers 357, 358, 359, 
 335, 334, 333 to the southlvest corner of said Railroad Addition ; thence north along the west 
 boundary of said Railroad Addition to the north line of the same; thence along the said north 
 line or boundary; thence south along the east of said Railroad Addition to a point opposite to the 
 northwest corner of Lot Number 32 in said Burrington's Addition ; thence across from said point 
 to said corner and along said Lot Number 32 to the middle of said West Union Road ; thence 
 along the middle of said road south to said Prospect street, the place of bpginning of this boun- 
 dary, including all the territory within the boundary line herein set forth, and as shown on said 
 map And your petitioners, the undersigned, declare the said map annexed to this petition is 
 an accurate map of the said territory proposed to be embraced in such incorporated town. And 
 we here state the name proposed for said incorporated town shall be Manchester, and we alsO' 
 name as persons authorized to act in behalf of your petitioners in prosecuting said petition, B. 
 H. Keller, H. M. Congar, Edson Merrill, I. P. Adams, Pardon Wells, I. U. Butler and S. W. 
 Green. Your petitioners further state that they are qualified voters, residents of the territory 
 to be embraced in the proposed incorporated town ; that this petition in writing is signed by not 
 less than thirty of said voters; that there are more than fifty qualified voters who actually reside 
 within the described limits, in this petition, and that this petition has been signed by a majority 
 of the voters within said limits; that said limits have been accurately described, and an accurate 
 plat or map thereof made and filed; that the name proposed for said town is proper and sufficient 
 to distinguish it from others in the State. And so your petitioners pray that this, their said peti- 
 tion, be granted and so will ever pray until tiiis, their petition, is granted. 
 
 Manchester, Delaware County, State of Iowa, November 11, A. D. Eighteen Hundred and 
 Sixty- Five. 
 
 (Signed) B. H. Keller, S. L. Doggett, Edson Merrill, W. G. Kenyon. W. E Brown, F. W. 
 Dunham, P. R. WaUon, James Brown. Charles Burnside, K. G. Glover, George R. Hartwell, 
 George Gilbert, I. U. Butler, J. A. Osborne. J. W. Myers, F. A. Lowell, Tunis Mosier, J. M. 
 Burnett, Robert Rules, J W. Kelsey, .John Otis, Vernon Burrington, H. J. Brown, E. R. Congar, 
 J. F. Merry, Willis E. Foster, C. G. Tyler, E. Hamblin, Edward Burnside, Lyman L. Ayers, L. 
 S. Sherwin, S. M Smart, John Crowther, 0. A. Bishop, J. C. Aldrich, W. W. Hollenbeck, Wm. 
 N. Boynton, S. W. Green W. C. Cawley, John Moody, Ray B. Griffin, R. R. Walsh, John Tous- 
 lee, D. R. Lewis, T. J. Saftbrd, William Tate, S. W. Stevens, E. H. Barnes, Lli Miner, Orange 
 Harris, L. A. Hoe, A. Rudolph, J B. Freelove, A. M. Freelove, W. T. Adams, B. F. Skinner, J. 
 W. Hastings, Seth Brown, Henry H. Hills, R. W. Tirrill, M. S. Stevens, T. Adams, A. J. Brow- 
 nell, A. M. Sherwood, N. L. Whitney, E. D. Phillips, A. L. Brownell, Hiram Babcock, W. A. 
 Morse, L. H. Abbey, V. Childs, W. Richmond, S. C. Bowen, A. T. Loring, W. S. Doolittle, Will- 
 iam Bremner, J. W. Robbins, A. K. Johnson. J. C. Hadley, C. W. Lyman, Pardon Wells Oliver 
 Cronk, J. E. Brady, M. Cotton, N. Ruggles, G. Yeoman, E. Tush, J. C. Skinner. N. C. Skinner, 
 F. A. W.alton, L. Haubeunestel, Wm L, Stevens, Joseph Coats, E. P. Libby, Fred. Schelling Geo. 
 Sheldon, Wm. V. ("attron, C. M. Bronson, George Brownell, Elijah Cheney, George W. Ingram, 
 Silas Estey, T. Schelling, Ira P. Adams, Wm. Cattron, II. M. Congar. 
 
 February 5, 1866, the prayer of the petitioners was granted by J. B. Boggs^ 
 County Judge, and February 8th the town plat was filed for record. 
 
490 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 The first election was held May 29, 1866, when the following officers were 
 elected : A. R. Loomis, Mayor ; W. H. Board, Recorder ; C. H. Carpenter, 
 Nixson Denton, Charles Paxson, Joel Bailey, John U. Schelling, Trustees. 
 The Board organized June 11th following, when W. H. Board was appointed 
 Town Treasurer, and the following first order was passed : 
 
 On motion of Mr. Bailey : The Treasiu-er is to receive as fees two per cent, of all moneys 
 received and paid out by hira. 
 
 June 12, the Board created the office of Marshal, and, on the same date, 
 ordinance No. 1 v/as passed, being " An Ordinance for the protection of the 
 Public Peace in the Corporation," which prohibited racing or driving any horse, 
 mule or team immoderately on any street or alley ; the unnecessary discharge 
 of any fire-arms within the town limits ; indecent or immodest exposure of the 
 person in any street or other public place, or in the pond or river ; gambling or 
 disorderly conduct in any public house, and the indecent exhibition of any stud- 
 horse or jack within the limits of the town. 
 
 On the 30th of June, Anson Shelden was appointed Marshal. August 20th, 
 the Town Council ordained that it should be illegal to keep for public use any 
 billiard table, nine or ten-pin alley, bagatelle board or table, or shooting gallery 
 within the corporate limits of the town, without first obtaining a license there- 
 for from the Town Council. 
 
 For 1867, Mayor, A. R. Loomis ; Recorder and Treasurer, W. H. Board ; 
 Marshal, Anson Shelden ; Trustees, N. Denton, C. Paxson, Joel Bailey, C. H. 
 Carpenter, J. Acers. September 14th, Mr. Acers was authorized " to build a 
 calaboose, to let the contract and draw on the Treasurer for the requisite funds." 
 At this meeting, the question of issuing bonds for building the bridge across the 
 Maquoketa River was discussed. September 16th, Mr. Denton resigned, that 
 the people might have an opportunity to express their will in relation to bridge 
 bonds, and at a special election, September 30th, Nixon Denton was re-elected 
 Trustee to fill the vacancy occasioned by previous resignation, and Charles 0. 
 Torry was elected Assessor. February 13, 1867, the bridge at Manchester was 
 again swept away. 
 
 For 1868, Mayor, William Cattron ; Recorder and Treasurer, John Brem- 
 ner ; Assessor, Joel Bailey ; Marshal, S. Malone ; Trustees, E. N. Tomlinson, 
 B. H. Keller, E. R. Congar, A. F. Townsend and L. A. Loomis. March 20th, 
 S. Malone was appointed Street Commissioner. Mayor Cattron, S. Malone and 
 Tomlinson were appointed a committee on temporary bridge or crossing across 
 the Maquoketa River. The Board of Supervisors of Delaware County, having 
 made an appropriation sufficient to meet three-fifths of the expenses to be 
 incurred in building a bridge at Manchester, and appointed Charles Paxson, 
 Joel Bailey and II. M. Congar Building Commissioners for said bridge, with 
 power to contract on part of the county for said iron bridge, not to exceed the 
 sum of ^5,000. The Town Council, on the 20th of March, accepted the propo- 
 sition, and voted to proceed to the erection of a permanent bridge across the 
 Maquoketa River,' and appointed Messrs. Paxson, Bailey and Congar Bridge 
 Commissioners on the part of the town. On March 28th, Messrs. Cattron, 
 Tomlinson and Townsend were appointed a committee to consult with the Bridge 
 Commissioners, with instructions to report plans and means of raising funds for 
 building said bridge. This committee reported, April 9th, that they had obtained 
 individual pledges to take bonds of the town payable in 1870-71-72, and rec- 
 ommended for approval the plans for a bridge drawn by J. E. Ainsworth, for 
 a Howe truss bridge one hundred and fifty feet span. Accepted. April 14th, 
 the Town Council appropriated $5,000 for the construction of the bridge at the 
 
^^^/L^^i/c^^ ^n^J^^c'--^ 
 
 MANCHESTER 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 493 
 
 point located by the County Commissioners, and authorized the issue of the 
 bonds of the town for the purpose of raising that sum. 
 
 For 1869, Mayor, Simeon L. Doggett ; Recorder, H. A. Dyer ; Trustees, 
 L. A. Loomis, Hiram Hoyt, N. Ruggles, M. Cotton, Ira P. Adams. May 18th, 
 the Town Council passed " An Ordinance to guard against fires." 
 
 For 1870, Mayor, S. L. Doggett ; Recorder, H. A. Dyer ; Trustees, H. 
 M. Congar, L. A. Loomis, N. Ruggles, S. G. Van Anda, J. S. Belknap. May 
 17th, the Street Commissioners, after making an examination of the bridge and 
 water ways on Main street, recommended to the Council there be a new bridge 
 built of sixty feet span, sixty feet east of the old bridge, and that there be a new 
 channel opened accordingly ; that the old channel be filled and the banks 
 properly secured. 
 
 For 1871, Mayor, S. L. Doggett ; Treasurer and Recorder; Trustees, J. S. 
 Belknap, A. R. Loomis, J. D. Kennedy, C. 0. Torry, G. R. Buckley. 
 
 For 1872, Mayor, S. L. Doggett ; Treasurer and Recorder, John F. Merry ; 
 Trustees, J. D. Kennedy, J. S. Belknap, Egbert Hoag, B. H. Keller, Chas. 
 Burnside. 
 
 For 1873, Mayor, Joel Bailey ; Recorder, John F. Merry ; Treasurer, W. 
 E. Brown ; Trustees, E. Hoag, J. F. McKay, J. S. Belknap, Charles Paxson, 
 Chas. Burnside. 
 
 For 1874, Mayor, Joel Bailey ; Recorder. W. E. Brown ; Treasurer, D. F. 
 Riddell; Trustees, Charles Paxson, Charles Burnside, J. F. McKay, Egbert 
 Hoag, J. D. Kennedy. 
 
 THE TOWN HALL. 
 
 January 22, the following ordinance, providing for the erection of a town 
 hall, was passed : 
 
 Whereas, N. Denton, A. R. Loomis and L. A. Loomis did, on the 25tb day of July, 1873, 
 submit a proposition in writing to the Town Council proposing to build immediately three con- 
 tiguous stores on Lots No. 146 and 197, in Manchester, Iowa, such stores to be two stories high 
 and the three to be sixty-six by seventy, and btfering to give the town the right to build a public 
 hall thereon, which shall be under the exclusive control of the town during the life of the build- 
 ing; the town to have the right in common of the use of a stairway six feet wide, of ingress 
 and egress, at all times, from Franklin street into and out of the hall ; the walls of said build- 
 ing to be sufficiently thick and Strang to justify the erection of such a hall ; and N. Denton 
 agreeing to bind himself that no building shall be erected on the south side of said hall within 
 twenty feet, so as to interfere with or obstruct the windows on the south side of said hall ; 
 which prop >sition was, by a majority vote of the Council, accepted ; and 
 
 Wherea.1, Said A. R. Loomis and N. Denton did, on said 22d day of July, 1873, submit to 
 the Council a proposition in writing offering to enter into a contract with the town of Manches- 
 ter to furnish all the material and erect a hall on the site proposed, viz. : The second story of 
 the three stores to be erected on Lots 146 and 197, aforesaid ; said hall to be sixty-sis feet wide 
 by seventy feet deep on the outside, twenty feet high between floor and ceiling, lighted with tea 
 windows, tin roof, which shall be self-supporting ; no columns to be used, or any obstruction 
 to obstruct the hill; the plan and elevation to be submitted to and approved by the Council 
 before signing the contract, for the sum of six thousand dollars, payable when said hall is com- 
 pleted, in town bonds due ten years after the completion of said hall, with ten per cent, 
 interest, payable semi-annually ; and 
 
 WHERE.A.S, Said Council did, on said 2'2d day of July, 1873, by a majority, pass the follow- 
 ing resolution, to wit : 
 
 Resolved, Thai the plan and specification for the Town Hall furnished by Herr & Kescher 
 be approved and adopted, subject to such alterations as may be deemed expedient before enter- 
 ing into a contract for erecting the same, and that the Mayor be authorized to accept the 
 proposition of A. R. Loomis and N. Denton to construct the said hall f )r six thousand dollars, 
 payable in ten-year bonds drawing interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum, interest pay- 
 able semi-annually, provided he cannot do better within twenty days ; and 
 
 Whereas, Said Mayor was unable to let said contract on better terms than those proposed 
 by said Loomis and Denton within the time ab ive specified, and did. on the 14th day of August, 
 1873, let the same to said Loomis and Denton on the terms aforesaid ; and 
 
494 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Whereas, On the 7th day of November, 1873, the following changes in the specificationf?- 
 attached to !?aid contract were authorized by a vote of the Council, to wit : " The roof of said 
 hall to be ceiled instead of plastered, and the corners of the ceiling to be arched ; and 
 
 Whereas, On the 22d day of January, 1874, the time for the completion of said hall was 
 extended to the 1st day of June, 1874 ; and 
 
 Whebeas, Said Town Hall is now nearly completed ; therefore ordered, etc. 
 
 The ordinance following this lengthy preamble, which stated all the facts, 
 provided for the approval and iSling of the contract and specifications ; the issu- 
 ing of ten bonds of five hundred dollars ($500) each, payable in ten years, 
 bearing ten per cent, interest, the remaining one thousand dollars to be paid in 
 like manner on the completion of the hall. The town reserved the right of 
 paying the bonds at any time, and so save the interest thereon. The hall was 
 commenced in the Summer of 1873, and finished in the latter part of May, 
 1874. 
 
 For 1875, Mayor, J. D. Kennedy ; Recorder, W. E. Brown ; Treasurer^ 
 D. F. Riddell ; Trustees, Charles Burnside, J. F. McKay, N. Denton, A. H. 
 Davis, Z. L. Atkinson. 
 
 December 8th, " An ordinance relating to the fire department " was passed, 
 and a department organized, consisting of a Chief Engineer and Assistant Chief 
 Engineer. 
 
 December 20th, the Mayor was authorized to purchase of the Silsby Manu- 
 facturing Company, of Seneca Falls, New York, one of Silsby's second size 
 rotary steam fire engines and its pertaining apparatus, the same to be paid for 
 in bonds of the town. 
 
 For 1876, Mayor, S. L. Doggett ; Recorder, W. E. Brown ; Treasurer, 
 W. B. Jones (resigned, and succeeded by J. S. Belknap) ; Trustees, J. F. McKay, 
 J. D. Kennedy, A. H. Davis, Z. S. Atkinson, J. W. Ford. 
 
 For 1877, Mayor, Cummings Sanborn; Recorder, W. E. Brown; Treas- 
 urer, R. W. Tirrill ; Trustees, Joel Bailey, Anson Shelden, Z. S. Atkinson, J. 
 W. Ford, W. N. Boynton. 
 
 For 1878, Mayor, Cummings Sanborn ; Recorder, W. E. Brown ; Treasurer, 
 J. S. Belknap ; Trustees, Hiram Hoyt, Charles Paxson, N. J. Wolcott, Calvin 
 Yoran, J. F. McKay. 
 
 In 1875, the Clarence House was rebuilt, a han-dsome brick block, three 
 stories high, taking the place of the old frame structure, at a cost of over $20,- 
 000. In connection with this event is to be mentioned the remarkable fact that 
 the new house was erected on the site of the old one, which was torn down, 
 without missing a single meal and without turning away a single guest. The 
 enterprising proprietors accomplished a feat that probably had never been done 
 before — that of commencing at the top of a three-story brick house and build- 
 ing downward tO terra firma. It was done as follows : The walls of the new 
 house were erected around the old building and the roof put on before the old 
 building was touched. Then the roof of the old was taken off, and the third 
 story of the new finished and furnished. Meanwhile, the guests of the 
 " Clarence" were awakened every morning by the music of the saw and ham- 
 mer, made by the workmen engaged in building a house above them. When 
 the third story of the new house was done, the second story of the old was 
 removed, and proprietors and guests occupied the first story of the latter and 
 the third story of the former, while the second story of the new was finished 
 and furnished. Then the remainder of the old house was taken out, and the 
 first floor of the new put in. This is the first and only instance of the kind 
 known, in this part of the civilized world, at least. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 495 
 
 About December 1, 1875, James J. Bain, who had been in the dry goods 
 business since May, left for Chicago, ostensibly to buy goods. His wife started 
 two weeks before, and his brother, who was left in charge, was called to Daven- 
 port, suddenly, on his own business. Not one has returned yet ; and the cred- 
 itors, who came forward to look up their claims, all believe they have forgotten 
 the name of the town, for in no other way can their absence be accounted for. 
 The brothers left no local debts, even settling their saloon bills in full. 
 
 THE PEARLS OF THE MAQUOKETA. 
 
 In the Spring of 1876, a pearl was discovered in the Maquoketa River, 
 about twelve miles north of Manchester, which came into the possession of W. 
 N. Boynton, jeweler, of Manchester. He sent it to Mr. Bornemann, of New 
 York, to be set. The ring, on its return, was sold to Mr. N. Denton, and is 
 very beautiful, the pearl equaling in brilliancy and beauty of tint the unrivaled 
 pearls of India. 
 
 Mr. Boynton has since found several very pretty pearls in the river, is very 
 confident that there are "more where those came from," and intends to make a 
 more thorough investigation during the present season. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Rescue Hook and Ladder Company, No. i, was first organized June 23, 
 1873, by a meeting of young men, at Burnside's Hall. J. A. Wheeler was 
 elected Foreman ; M. J. Carroll, First Assistant Foreman ; J, S.. Edwards, 
 Second Assistant Foreman ; H. M. Ruggles, Secretary , F. E. Barr, Treas- 
 urer. The present officers are : B. W. Jewell, Foreman ; R. M. Congar, First 
 Assistant Foreman ; W. F. Merrill, Second Assistant Foreman ; F. B. Gregg, 
 Secretary ; F. J. Atwater, Treasurer. 
 
 Vrotection Engine Company, No. 1. — The call to organize this company 
 was dated Manchester, July 3, 1873, and was signed by thirty-one citizens. 
 Agreeable to said call, a meeting was held in what has since been known as 
 Firemen's Hall, July 8, 1873, and the following officers elected: L. Odell, Fore- 
 man ; M. Cotton, First Assistant Foreman ; L. S. Sherwin, Second Assistant 
 Foreman ; W. N. Boynton, Secretary ; W. E, Brown, Treasurer. The name, 
 as given above, was adopted at a meeting held on the 23d of the same month. 
 This company was formed originally to operate the chemical engine. 
 
 The present officers are : Henry Percival, Foreman ; J. B. Freelove, First 
 Assistant Foreman ; George Steadman, Second Assistant Foreman ; D. R. 
 Lewis, Engineer; D. H. Finch, First Assistant Engineer; M. Whitman, Sec- 
 ond Assistant Engineer "; D. H. Finch, Secretary ; W. T. Adams, Treasurer. 
 
 In the Summer of the following year, the two companies invited the fire depart- 
 ment of Independence to visit them. The invitation was accepted, and nearly 
 the whole population, includ'ng the ladies, came forward to assist the boys in 
 their manifestations of hospitality. The visit was thoroughly enjoyed by guests 
 and hosts. 
 
 July 4, 1875, the visit was returned by the Manchester boys, who were 
 most hospitably entertained by their friends at Independence. 
 
 In December, 1875, the city authorities having purchased a Silsby fire 
 engine, it was given into the care of Protection Company, which was recruited 
 up to about eighty members. 
 
 N. Denton Steamer Company, No. 1. — Protection Engine Company having 
 become so large as to be unwieldy, it was decided. May 5, 1876, to allow so 
 many as wished it to withdraw and form themselves into a new company, to be 
 
496 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 known as the '-N. Denton Steamer Company, No. 1." Accordingly, thirty- 
 ei<yht requested their names dropped from the old rolls; and on the 10th of 
 May, 1876, that number met and eifected an organization, electing the following 
 officers : A. 0. Moore, Foreman ; Lemuel Allen, First Assistant Foreman ; 
 Irvine Harris, Second Assistant Foreman; M. Cotton, Engineer; Thomas 
 Grice? First Assistant Engineer ; T. S. Jones, Second Assistant Engineer ; A. 
 C. Carter, Foreman Hose ; Frank Davis, E. J. Doolittle, Stokers ; H. S. Lil- 
 lagar. Secretary ; Frank Davis, Treasurer. 
 
 The officers for 1878 are: A. 0. Moore, Foreman; Lemuel Allen, First 
 Assistant Foreman ; A. C. Carter, Foreman Hose ; M. Cotton, Engineer ; T. 
 Grice, First Assistant Engineer; Edward Chaple, Secretary; Clytus Otes, 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Just before the steamer arrived in Manchester, N. Denton donated a lot, at 
 the foot of Main street, and the town erected thereon a substantial engine house, 
 from which a water-way is extended to the river, to supply the engines. 
 
 Amply equipped, as the companies are, and thoroughly drilled, as well, their 
 services have rarely been required. The fires in Manchester have been few and 
 comparatively unimportant. The short list embraces the dwellings of W. H. 
 Tuthill, on Main street, in 1868 ; N. Denton's barn, in 1874 ; H. Whitman's 
 building, and F. Glisendorfs shed, 1876 ; Barr Brothers' livery barn, and N. 
 L. Bates' blacksmith shop, 1877. Several other fires have smarted, but the 
 damage was small. 
 
 MILITARY. 
 
 Company C, 4.th Recft., I. N. Gr. — Manchester is represented in the Iowa 
 National Guards by C Company, which was organized on the 16th day of 
 March, 1877, at a meeting held in the office of E. M. Carr. The officers elected 
 are as follows : Captain, E. M. Carr ; First Lieutenant, John W. Ford ; Sec- 
 ond Lieutenant, Harry S. Lillagar ; First Sergeant, Henry Percival ; Second 
 Sergeant, John C. Scott ; Third Sergeant, Cornelius Scott ; Fourth Sergeant, 
 C. S. King; First Corporal, B. Wood Jewell; Second Corporal, P. H. Snyder; 
 Third Corporal, D. H. Finch ; Fourth Corporal, M. H. Kinney. Privates — 
 Ross Howland, Lemuel x\llen, Frank E. Barr, James T. Barr, Frank Burring- 
 ton, R. M. Congar, Albert H. Cottle, John A. Clough, M. L. Gates, Frank 
 Davis, E. J. Doolittle, George Ford, Henry W. Green, h-vin N. Harris, Joseph 
 Hutchinson, George Harris, Dennis McErlain, John Mulvelhill, Fred. New- 
 comb, P. H. Ryan, Albert Steller, A. P. Turner, John Towslee, Levi Work, 
 Miles Wilson, Pat. McEnany, John Steele, Henry Wellman, Alfred Gately, 
 Thomas Robertson, Dan. Ward, Hank Pentney, Warren Finch, Dennis 
 Callahan, George Acers, W. A. Roe, Daniel Rearden. This company did 
 guard duty during the great railroad strike in the Summer of 1877, and are now 
 (1878) in a flourishing condition. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 As a large portion of the early settlers of Manchester had removed from 
 older Eastern settlements, they keenly felt the loss of school and church privi- 
 leges to which they had been accustomed, and among the first things to be done 
 was the erection of a school house. Accordingly, in the Fall of 1855, the 
 citizens raised a fund by subscription and contracted with Marshall Hancock to 
 build a school house. The contractor, however, failed to fulfill his contract. 
 
 May 20, 1856, at a school meeting, the citizens of the town voted to build 
 a scliool house by taxation. Mr. Dyer, who was lai'gely interested in any taxes 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 497 
 
 that might be levied, proposed that, if they would rescind that vote and build 
 by subscription, he would give $200. The vote was accordingly rescinded. 
 The house was built during the Summer by W. J. Doolittle, contractor. The 
 house was located on Butler street, between Wayne and Bremer streets, on the 
 site where the present brick school house stands. For ten years, the little brown 
 school house was used for school, religious and political purposes by the people 
 of Manchester. While it was in process of erection. Miss Eliza Sellens taught 
 school in an unfinished building owned by A. R. Loomis, near the corner of 
 Fayette and Tama streets, and the following Winter (1856-7) the first school 
 was taught in the new school house by John Quincy Burrington. 
 
 In 1862, the question of building a new school house began to be agitated, 
 and March 9, 1863, the electors of Manchester City School District took into 
 consideration the propriety of raising a tax for building a school house, and 
 recommended that a tax be levied of five mills on the dollar, the same to be 
 decided by ballot ; and, in case the tax should be ordered, the Board were 
 instructed to borrow not to exceed $3,000. In April, 1864, the Board of 
 Directors voted to proceed to select a suitable site for a school house in accord- 
 ance with the vote of the electors of the district, and, on the 23d, the Board 
 voted to purchase " the three or four lots known as the circus ground " for a 
 school house site. The vote was rescinded, and William Cattron and A. T. 
 Loring were appointed to " examine and ascertain what places may be had, and 
 at what price, for a site for a school house." May 24, the committee reported 
 that " six lots in the block where the old school house is located could be bought 
 for $1,200, viz., five owned by Mr. Ruggles, for $800, and one owned by Mr. 
 McLaughlin for $400," whereupon Mr. Cattron and Joel Bailey were appointed 
 to confer with Mr. Ruggles in "relation to his pay, and, also, to ascertain the 
 present resources of the district." May 31, the Board directed the President 
 to " sell the lot recently purchased for not less than $200." (The records do not 
 indicate the purchase of this lot.) 
 
 November 28, 1864, A. T. Loring and J. Bailey, a committee to procure 
 suitable rooms for school purposes, reported that they had secured the basement 
 of the Methodist Church for one year for $200. 
 
 January 30, 1865, a committee was appointed to "procure a sufficient 
 amount of rock for to make seventy-five cord, with what has already been con- 
 tracted for." February 3, it was ordered that the Board proceed to erect the 
 walls and enclose a building for school purposes principally after the plan pre- 
 sented by Mr. Dunham. February 20, Wm. Cattron, C. Paxson and J. 
 Bailey were appointed a committee to purchase Lots 10, 13, 268, 269 and 270 
 of Mr. Ruggles, at a price not to exceed $950, and on the 30th, the committee 
 reported the purchase of the lots for $900. 
 
 March 6, 1866, C. Paxson, A. T. Loring and E. R. Congar were appointed 
 to "make a rough estimate for a new school house to present to the electors on 
 the second Monday," which was probably done. 
 
 At a meeting of the electors of the district, March 12, 1866, the proposition 
 to raise $10,000 for school house purposes was carried by a vote of 168 to 3. 
 At a meeting of the Board, March 26, II. M. Congar, Charles Paxson and 
 A. T. Loring were appointed a committee to obtain and submit a plan for the 
 new school house. This committee reported, April 6, that the building should 
 be built of brick, and three stories high. 
 
 May 29th, plans and specifications drawn by William Carroll, of Daven- 
 port, were submitted and accepted, for which $100 were paid, and- Messrs. H. 
 M. Congar, A. F. Townsend and Charles Paxson were appointed a Building 
 
498 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Committee. N. Ruggles was employed as Superintendent. On the 20th of 
 July, 1866, work was commenced, and before Winter the foundations were laid 
 and the walls erected. Work on the interior progressed during the Winter. 
 The building was completed in August, 1867, at a total cost of $1^3,483.31, and 
 will accommodate 400 pupils. The building was dedicated on Friday after- 
 noon, August 30, by music by the Manchester Glee Club, prayer by Rev. A, 
 K. Johnson, after which the Secretary of the Board made his report, from 
 which it appears that the mason work was done by Thomas Lloyd, of Dubuque; 
 the carpenter and joiner work by Hadley & Kenyon, and the painting by Will- 
 iam Tate. After this report, A. S. Blair, Esq., delivered a sliort address, fol- 
 lowed by the presentation of the keys of the building to Prof. Jonathan Piper, 
 who had been elected Principal of the school. 
 
 On Monday, September 2, the first term of school was opened in the new 
 school house, in charge of Prof Piper, Principal ; R. Kissick, Assistant Princi- 
 pal ; Lou A. Borton, Elma R. Annis, Miss Stancliffe, Miss Clark and M. A. 
 Loorais. 
 
 June 19, 1868, in answer to a resolution of the Board requesting such 
 teachers as wished to be retained to make application accordingly, the following 
 note was read : 
 
 To thf Honorable Secre.lari/ of the School Board, Manchester Ind. District : 
 
 Sir — Yours of the .3d, communicating the direction of the School Board, at hand. In 
 reply, permit me to say that I am not in the habit of applying for a situation to teach. Parties 
 desiring ray services have already applied to me. Others desiring my services must do the 
 same. The running after a chance to teach school is always commendable in those who have 
 nothing else to do. Respectfully, J. PIPER. 
 
 Notes of similar purport were received from all the other teachers, but their 
 bluntness did not impair their prospects, for they were nearly all retained. 
 
 In 1875, the town had outgrown its school house, and it was necessary to 
 provide additional rooms. Accordingly, July 31, the Board awarded the con- 
 tract for the construction of a frame school house, located a little north of the 
 brick house, on the same block, at contract price of $1,150, The town has 
 become too large for a single school, and the erection of the new school house 
 in 1875 was the commencement of a system of ward schools. 
 
 • August 19, 1875, the citizens on the west side of the river petitioned the 
 Board to build another school house in that part of town. The Board decided 
 to disallow the petition, one reason being, in order to maintain the grades 
 already established, that it would be necessary to send pupils from the East 
 Side, who would have to cross the bridge in all kinds of weather, unaccom- 
 panied by older children, which reason would not apply to those coming from 
 the west. 
 
 The School Board for the year 1878, is as follows: J. D. Kennedy, Presi- 
 dent ; W. H. Seeds, Treasurer ; R. W. Tirrill, Secretary ; Hiram Hoyt, C. 
 Yoran, C. E. Bronson, R. B. Griffin and C. Noran. The' teachers selected for 
 the school year 1878-9 are C. D. Clark, Principal ; Adelbert Selders, Assist 
 ant ; Alice Barney, Alice Shimmin, Flora Madison, Kate Shimmin, Minnie 
 Rami, Hattie Chamberlain. 
 
 KINDERtJARTEN, 
 
 The Kindergarten School is situated on Howard street, near Wayne, and 
 was established about May 1st of the present year. This is the enterprise of 
 Mrs. Elma R. Congar, who had the buihling erected in April. The school was 
 ojxMiod with about twenty little pupils. The room is attractively furnished, 
 ami the floor carpeted. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 499 
 
 MANCHESTER SELECT HIGH SCHOOL. 
 
 This school was established by Mrs. Mary W. Doggett, in Manchester, Iowa, 
 on the 3d day of November, A. D. 1858, and continuously existed for seven 
 years, in Carpenter's brick building and in Hulbert's Hall. 
 
 During the time, the English branches and instruction on the piano were 
 taught by the above named lady, as Preceptress ; and she was assisted part of 
 the time by Prof. Artzman, as a teacher of music. 
 
 Mr. Artzman was a political exile from Germany. He was a man of won- 
 derful skill on the piano, having devoted eleven years of study to music, in the 
 most celebrated musical conservatories of Europe. 
 
 The Preceptress was also for a part of the time assisted by Miss Gertrude G. 
 Doggett, a lady of rare native grace and of brilliant accomplishment ; now the 
 wife of B. F. Norris, of Chicago and with her family now enjoying a trip 
 through Europe. The assistant, Gertrude, was also the Preceptress of the 
 school for a year. 
 
 The classical department was conducted throughout the existence of the 
 school by S. L. Doggett, and the following languages were continuously taught, 
 viz.: French, German, Latin and Greek. This department was quite success- 
 ful and prominent. 
 
 Miss Libbie Merrill, student in French here, afterward while attending 
 Bradford Seminary, Mass., was praised by the Modern Language Professor of 
 the institution for her proficiency in French and her correct pronunciation 
 therein, " that she must have been taught by a Frenchman." 
 
 L. L. Ayres made a good Latin scholar at this school. Also might be men- 
 tioned John M. Crocker, student in Greek, now a minister in Kansas, and one 
 of the most scholarly men in that State. 
 
 Miss Lovell, student in Latin, now adorns Dubuque society as the wife of 
 a prominent and wealthy lawyer. 
 
 A course of lectures was also a distinguishing part of the plan of this school. 
 Several courses on " Literature " were delivered by the Preceptor, S. L. Dog- 
 
 'A course of lectures on "Mental Philosophy" was delivered during two 
 terms by Rev. L. B. Fifield, now of the State Superintendency of Nebraska. 
 
 And a course on " Physiology," by Dr. Wm. H. Morse, afterward a volun- 
 teer Captain and patriot. 
 
 Also, lectures on " Hygiene," by Dr. S. W. Green, of Manchester, Iowa. 
 
 Throughout the duration of the school, a debating society, with a musical 
 department and with attendant festivals and exhibitions, was very prosperously 
 maintained by the students. Some of the discussions lasted two evenings and 
 were listened to by many of the citizens and participated in by professional men 
 of the town. The exhibitions were marked for the beauty displayed in their 
 decorations and for their histrionic effect, and attracted attendance from the 
 remotest part of the county. The festivals of the school were noted social 
 events of the town. 
 
 On these occasions, toasts were responded to by distinguished men. In 
 responding to one of these toasts, in 1863, on "Literary Culture," the Rev. B. 
 M. Amsden said, " And 1 here confidently can say that the Manchester Select 
 High School, since it commenced, has advanced the cause of education fifty per 
 cent, in Delaware County." 
 
 For seven years, Delaware County was under special obligations to Man- 
 chester Select High School for a supply of teachers for the public schools ; and 
 
500 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 the Union owes a debt to the seventeen young men from this school, volunteers 
 for their country, faithful throughout the war; some of them still alive and now 
 honored : other's of them sacrificed on Southern battle fields and now wept by 
 those who loved them well. 
 
 Many of the scholars attended two and some three years continuously, and 
 if, on final examination, a scholar deserved commendation, he or she received a 
 diploma. 
 
 The highest number attending the school at any one time was 105 and now 
 (1878) most of them are well known as intimately connected with the intelli- 
 gence, the society, prosperity and business of Delaware County. 
 
 This school closed in the Fall of 1864, not for want of patronage, but because 
 the teachers were at last tired out with its labors, and not very well satisfied with 
 the remuneration obtained and for want of a suitable building in Manchester. 
 
 Manchester never fully realized her day of grace in the matter of high 
 instruction, and the genius of education settled upon the more liberal and dis- 
 cerning town of Hopkinton. 
 
 RELIGIOUS. 
 
 The first regular religious ministrations in Burrington, now Manchester, 
 were commenced in the Summer of 1855, by Rev. A. Graves, then the Pastor 
 of the Congregational Church at Yankee Settlement, who preached on alternate 
 Sabbaths at 11:15 A. M., in the Acers School House at Delaware Center, and 
 same days preached at Burrington. At that time, there were fifteen buildings 
 in the town. The services were conducted in an unfinished dwelling then owned 
 and occupied by S. R. Grow, on the north side of Fayette street, between Tama 
 and Bremer, a little west of the present site of the Nix House. In May, 1856^ 
 Rev. L. B. Fifield commenced to labor in the Gospel vineyard at this place. 
 
 The Congregational Church. — June 29, 1856, a meeting preliminary to a 
 church organization was held in an unfinished and unoccupied building that 
 then stood on the north side of Fayette street, east of Wayne, and the church 
 was duly organized, August 3, 1856 ; the sermon by Rev. A. Graves, conclud- 
 ing prayer by H. N. Gates. The original members were Rev. L. B. Fifield^ 
 Emily J. Fifield, Peter Richardson, Lucinda C. Richardson, Sanford R. Grow, 
 Susan Grow, George Hartwell and Julia A, Hartwell. 
 
 For eight years, services were held in private houses, in the old brown school 
 house, which stood on the site of the present brick school building, and in Hul- 
 burt's Hall. 
 
 At a meeting held in Burrington Hall it was voted to proceed to build a 
 house of worship. A Building Committee, consisting of Rev. A. T. Loring, 
 S. R. Grow and S. T. Wheeler, were appointed. On the 7th of September, 
 1H64, the present church edifice was formally dedicated. Rev. 0. W. Merrill 
 preached tlie dedicatory sermon. Rev. Mr. Hew de Bourck offered the dedicatory 
 prayer. 
 
 The cost of the building was about $:>,500, the American Congregational 
 Unif»n contributing $800. Improvements from time to time have been made to 
 the building. A new Meneely bell, at an expense of |515, was put up in 1873. 
 
 The ministers who have served from the organization of the church to the 
 present (1878) time are Revs. L. B. Fifield, August 3, 1856, to June, 1860; 
 A. T. Loring, from July, 1860, to July 20, 1866; Daniel Russell, from October 
 1, 1866, to April ], 1867; A. A. Baker, from October 30, 1867, to October 1, 
 186{» ; E. R. Stiles, who commenced preaching December 19, 1869, was in- 
 stalled November 8, 1870, by Rev. J. S. Bingham, D. D. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 501 
 
 Deacons : George Hartwell, from September 18, 1856, to October 28, 1857 ; 
 B. H. Keller, from September 17, 1856, to January 6, 1858 ; Peter Richard- 
 Bon, from January 6, 1858, to May, 1871 ; Wm. Bremner, from January 2, 
 1861, to the present time; F. W. Dunham, from March 21, 1866, to July 3, 
 1867 ; H. L. Servoss and B. H. Keller, from May, 1870, to 1873. Present 
 (1878) membership 150. 
 
 Present church officers: Trustees, W. H. Goodell, H. A. Granger and 
 Frank Atwater; Clerk, H. M. Ruggles; Deacons, Wm. Bremner, Wm. Good- 
 ell and C. Sanborn. 
 
 A weekly prayer meeting has been kept up since the organization of the 
 church. 
 
 Since the Fall of 1864, a Sunday school has been sustained by the church ; 
 previous to that, it had for several years helped to form the Union Sunday school 
 which met in the public school house. Wm. Bremner, B. H. Keller, H. L, 
 Servoss, Jonathan Piper, Luke Harvey, H. W. Rule have been its Superin- 
 tendents. Sunday school officers for 1878 are H. W. Rule, Superintendent; 
 R. M. Marvin, Assistant Superintendent; George A. Day, Chorister; Eva L. 
 Day, Organist; F. B. Gregg, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 Ladies Aid Society. — Previous to August 16, 1861, the ladies of this denom- 
 ination co-operated with the Union Benevolent Society ; since then, they have 
 formed an independent association, having the same object in view. Socially 
 and financially their efforts have met with the greatest success. 
 
 Baptist Church (regular), organized October 26, 1855, with six members, 
 viz., Edson and Elizabeth Merrill, Ozias P. and Almedia Reeves, John L. and 
 Elmira Baldwin. 
 
 The first meetings were held in an unfinished house belonging to John L. 
 Reeves. July 1, 1859, the church decided to incorporate according to the Iowa 
 State laws, and on the 12th of July, 1859, the articles of incorporation were 
 filed with the County Recorder, J. Bailey, by Ozias P. Reeves, then Church 
 Clerk. The Pastor at that time was J. Y. Aitchison, and the congregation, 
 consisting of about thirty-one members, used the old brown school house, which 
 stood on the site of the present public school building, as a place of worship. 
 In 1861, in connection with two other denominations, Hulbert Hall, located on 
 the west side of Franklin sti-eet, between Main and Fayette streets, was rented, 
 remaining until 1863, when they returned to the school house, where they wor- 
 shiped but for a short time, when — the town having sold the building — they 
 were again compelled to move. This time, in consideration of a yearly rental 
 of $200, the exclusive use of Thorp's Hall, located on the northeast corner of 
 Main and Franklin streets, was secured. August 5, 1871, the Church, in 
 special session, resolved to commence the erection of a house of worship. John 
 Stewart, A. L. Baldwin and N. L. Whitney were appointed a Building Com- 
 mittee. At the next regular covenant meeting, the resolution was concurred in 
 by the Church as a body, and two more, Edson Merrill and William Mcintosh, 
 added to the Building Committee. A site, costing $300, was selected on the 
 northeast corner of Butler and Madison streets. The building, completed in 
 May, 1872, was dedicated to the service of God the first Sabbath in June, same 
 year, by Rev. N. F. Ravlin. 
 
 The membership at present (1878) is about 74. The Pastor in charge, who 
 came in 1876, is Rev. Lucius M. Whiting. 
 
 Woman's Mission Circle, of the First Baptist Church, organized February 
 10, 1875, with eleven members. The following were the first body of officers, 
 elected for the next ensuing year : Mrs. Sarah F. Stewart, President : Mrs. 
 
502 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 W. H. Irvine, Vice President ; Miss Mattie Mcintosh, Secretary ; Miss Nettie 
 Fuller, Treasurer; Mrs. George Webber, Mrs. Harris, Mrs. Fuller, Mrs. Quack- 
 enbush. Solicitors. Officers for 1878 : Mrs. Sarah F. Stewart, President ; 
 Mrs. A. T. AVhiting, Vice President: Mrs. Julia E. Brownell, Secretary and 
 Treasurer : Miss Laura Pacer, Miss Leathermar. 
 
 Meetings are held the second Sabbath of each month in the First Baptist 
 Church ; monthly tea sociables are given by invitations at the houses of mem- 
 bers. 
 
 This society is auxiliary to the Woman's Mission Association of the West, 
 whose object is th(^ procurement of money for the support of lady foreign mis- 
 sionaries. The amount of funds raised the first year of organization was $20.10, 
 and for 1878, $24.50. This society is included in the district of Dubuque, 
 of which Mrs. Sarah F. Stewart is the Secretary and resident Correspondent. 
 Ladies' Aid Society, of the Manchester First Baptist Church, organized 
 as a sewing circle June 3, 1859, with fifty-one members and the following offi- 
 cers : Mrs. Reeves, President ; Mrs. Grow, Vice President ; Mrs. Doggett, 
 Secretary and Treasurer ; Miss E. A. White, Mrs. H. Acers, Mrs. Hamlin, 
 Managers ; Mrs. Baldwin, Mrs. Merrill, Mrs. Hamlin, Visiting Committee. 
 Officers for 1878: Mrs. J. Mcintosh, President; Mrs. A. T. Whiting, Vice 
 President ; Mrs. S. F. Stewart, Secretary and Treasurer ; Mrs. C. H. Harris, 
 Mrs. George Webber, Mrs. A. Fuller, Mrs. .J. Chaple, Managers and Visiting 
 Committee. 
 
 Meetings are held at the houses of members, by invitation, once in two 
 weeks. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in the Fall of 1855, Dan- 
 iel K. Fox and wife being the only members. Soon after, William Acers, 
 Adolphus Hardendorf and Mrs. C. C. Peers united. Rev. Mr. Alger was the 
 first minister, succeeded by Rev. F. X. Miller and S. C. Churchill, on what 
 was then termed Manchester Circuit ; Rev. John Webb and J. A. Van Anda, 
 J. F. Hestwood and E. R. Latter. 
 
 The subsequent Pastoi's have been : E. W. Jeffries, three years ; A. K. 
 Johnson, two years ; R. Norton, one year ; L. Catlin, two years ; L. H. Car- 
 hart, one year; F. M. Robertson, one year, 1872; J. R. Berry, 1873-4; F. 
 X. Miller, 1875-6 ; D. Sheffer, 1877 ; R. N. Earhart, 1878. 
 
 The church edifice was commenced under the pastorate of E. W. Jeffries, 
 and completed in 1868. The building is 56x36 feet in size, with basement. 
 The oversight of its construction was entrusted to Ira P. Adams and William 
 Cattron. The parsonage was begun under the pastorate of A. K. Johnson, in 
 1867, and enlarged in 1870. 
 
 Daniel K. Fox was the first class leader, holding the position three years. 
 Ira P. Adams has held the position continuously ever since. The present Offi- 
 cial Board and members of Quarterly Conference are : R. W. Keeler, Presiding 
 Elder ; R. N. Earhart, Pastor : Laymen : C. Yoran, M. F. LeRoy, O. D. 
 Clark, B. N. Reynolds, W. M. Wilcox, 0. Perkins, I. L. Walters, C. W. 
 Keagy, I. P. Adams, J. H. Stevens, C. 0. Torrey, W. T. Adams, Geo. Com- 
 merford, J. A. Cooley, R. W. Purdy, J. C. McKee. 
 
 The Universalist Church. — The first sermon in Manchester was delivered 
 in the Summer of LS59, in the second story of a brick building, on the corner 
 of Butler and Franklin streets, then known as " Burrington's Hall," by the 
 Rev. Mr. Dennis, who was then living in Dubuque. Efforts were made at that 
 time for continued services, but owing to the small number of resident Univer- 
 salists, the efforts proved unsuccessful, and they had but occasional sermons 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 503 
 
 until the Winter of 1864, when arrangements were made with the Rev. Joy 
 Bishop, known in Delaware County as ''Father Bishop," to preach every alter- 
 nate Sabbath. These services were continued until the Summer of 1865, in 
 the Congregational Church, the last meeting of the series being held in the open 
 air, directly in front of the church, because the key to the church could not be 
 found. 
 
 At this meeting, a few of the most zealous friends of the cause first origi- 
 nated the idea of building a Universalist Church in Manchester, but the idea 
 was not carried into execution until several years later. 
 
 The next regular preaching was commenced in the Spring of 1868, in a 
 room known as Belknap's Hall, by the Rev. Henry Jewell. A Constitution, 
 consisting of seven liberal articles for the government of the society, was 
 adopted at a meeting held at Belknap's Hall, June 20, 1868, to which fifty 
 persons subscribed their names as members. The Rev. Henry Jewell contin- 
 ued preaching every Sabbath until September 28, 1869. 
 
 On the 30th day of March, 1869, a meeting was held at Burnsides" Hall, 
 for the purpose of deciding the question in regard to building a church edifice. 
 A subscription paper was started, and $3,000 pledged for that purpose ; but it 
 being the" impression that a suitable edifice could not be built for less than 
 15,000, H. M. Congar, E. R. Congar, Rev. Henry Jewell, Thomas Toogood, Gil- 
 bert Yeoman, A. M. Sherwood, Hiram Babcock, Jacob Hoag, T. Crosby, E. J. 
 Congar, R. G. Clifford, J. Gilbert and R. W. Tirrill pledged themselves to 
 raise the subscription to $5,000. Messrs. N. Denton, A. M. Sherwood. G. 
 Yeoman, T. Crosby and R. W. Tirrill were appointed a Building Committee. 
 The society was incorporated under the laws of the State, May 4, 1869 ; Clark 
 Bliss, Sr., Thomas Toogood, H. M. Congar, A. M. Sherwood, E. M. Tomlin- 
 son, E. R. Congar, L. S. Bemis and E. Hoag being the corporators. 
 
 The first officers under the incorporation were : E. M. Tomlinson, Presi- 
 dent; Clark Bliss, Sr., and James P. Robertson, Vice Presidents; E. R. Con- 
 gar, Treasurer ; R. W. Tirrill, Secretary. 
 
 The present edifice was commenced May 10, 1869, and completed May 7, 
 1871, at a total cost of $8,030.44. The dedicatory services were conducted by 
 Rev. J. W. Hanson, of Chicago. Rev. E. R. Wood was the first regular Pas- 
 tor, commencing his ministrations in September. 1871, and continuing until 
 September, 1873. 
 
 The next Pastor was Rev. W. J. Hicks, of Strawberry Point, who preached 
 here every alternate Sunday for six months. For nearly three years following, 
 the society remained inactive, with the exception of the Ladies' Society, through 
 whose exertions the former Pastor, Rev. E. R. Wood, was induced to return and 
 re-organize the church, which was done June 4, 1877. The number received 
 into the church on this and the succeeding Sunday was twenty-three. The 
 church officers elected were : S. W. Green, President ; R. W. Tirrill, Clerk ; 
 Mary Hoag, Treasurer ; E. S. Congar, Adaline Tomlinson and Seth Brown, 
 Trustees ; Seth Brown and R. W. Tirrill, Deacons. They were elected for one 
 year, and are the present incumbents. The church and society are out of debt 
 and in good condition. 
 
 The Sunday School was organized 1864, with R. W. Tirrill Superintendent. 
 The Ladies' Society was organized in 1867, and is somewhat noted for its broad 
 liberality. 
 
 Presbyterian Church. — Organized August 29. 1869, by Rev. Daniel Rus- 
 sell, assisted by Rev. Mr. Campbell, with fourteen members, as follows : 
 Henry Russell, Mrs. Mary Russell, Miss Grace Russell, W. G. Field, John M. 
 
504 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Guthrie, Mrs. E. B. Marriott D. G. Eldridge, Mrs. M. A. Eldridge, Henry 
 F. Hamlin, Sanford R. Grow, Mrs. A. Grow, George Truby, Melvin Walker. 
 Present membership, forty-one ; first officers elected were Elders George Truby 
 and S. R. Grow, who also acted as Clerk of the Session. 
 
 D. G. Eldridge was added to the Elders October 1, 1870, and John Guthrie 
 and Henry Burnett made Deacons. 
 
 In June, 1874, the Pastor, Daniel Russell, resigned, from that time up to 
 November 1, 1874, when Rev. David Street became Pastor, conference meet- 
 ings only were held. 
 
 Mr. Street continued a Pastor until November 1, 1875, when the congre- 
 gation accepted his resignation. With the exception of an occasional sermon 
 preached by Rev. Alvah Day (a resident superannuated preacher), no regular 
 services were held, until the present Pastor, Rev. William S. Pryse, assumed 
 charge, June 16, 1877. Since then the church has almost returned to the 
 prosperous condition it enjoyed at the time of Rev. D. Russell's resignation, 
 when there were over seventy-five members. Those now (1878) in office are 
 George Truby, William Marchant, R. M. Ewart and H. F. Hamlin, Elders ; 
 William Marchant and Robert Morley, Trustees ; Royal Van Antwerp, Deacon ; 
 E. P. Seeds, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 The organization of this church was effected in Burnside Hall, where the 
 meetings continued up to the time of building the present church edifice, work 
 on which was commenced in October, 1870, and dedicated to the service of God 
 in January, 1871. 
 
 The Advent Church in Manchester was organized by Elder P. S. W. Deyo, 
 of Strawberry Point, about 1862 or '63. Meetings were maintained for sev- 
 eral years, when the Society began to meet at the North Manchester school 
 house. Among those who have preached to this congregation are Elders Kin- 
 ney, Jaynes, Mrs. Jaynes, Ridley and the present Pastor, Rev. Philip Buck. 
 
 For about ten years, an annual meeting, continuing for a week, has been 
 held in a tent on the grounds of Henry Acers, in the north part of the city. 
 Here congregate annually the members of this faith from churches many miles 
 around, who are hospitably entertained by the Manchester people. At these 
 annual meetings the leading ministers and advocates of this peculiar faith come to 
 preach to the churches, among them Elder Himes, of Boston : Elder Sheldon, 
 of Michigan ; Elder Deyo and others. 
 
 Tlie CatJtolic Church. — The first clergymen of the Catholic Church who 
 held services in Manchester were Rev. Fathers P. J. Clabby and R. McGrath. 
 In 1872, under Father Clabby 's pastorate, the subscription for building a 
 church was begun, assisted largely by many citizens of Manchester, and work 
 was commenced under Father C.'s direction and continued under Father 
 McGrath, who saw its walls completed and the roof put on. Rev. Mr. McGrath 
 was succeeded in 1875 by Rev. J. F. Nugent, who completed the church. The 
 building is of stone, forty-four by sixty-six feet in size, and is located on the 
 south side of Butler street, about a block west of Franklin. 
 
 Father Nugent still remains the honored Pastor of the Manchester churchy 
 having also charge of the church at Delhi. He is an ardent friend of and 
 devotes much of his time to the cause of temperance. He is an eloquent and 
 captivating speaker, and invariably draws crowded houses. The Catholic Tem- 
 perance Society at Delhi was organized by him, and his example and wise coun- 
 sels serve to secure and maintain entire sobriety in the churches under his 
 charge. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 505 
 
 MASONIC. 
 
 Manchester Lodge, No. 165, A., F. & A. M., met for the first time — U. D. 
 — October 6, 1862. Those attending were J. M. Watson, named as W. M.; 
 Thomas Tierney, S. W.; B. H. Keller, J. W.; N. Denton, C. E. Dean, E. L. 
 Eaton, Ray B. Griffin, H. P. Duffy, W. C. Cawley, John Acers, Peter Case, 
 C. G. Reynolds. E. A. Guilbert, G. M., made an official visit to the new 
 lodo-e January 6, 1863. The receipts to May 28, 1863, ending the Masonic 
 yea'r, were $204.95 ; the disbursements, $109.25. 
 
 The Lodge was chartered June 3, 1863, and constituted by W. 0. Allen, 
 proxy for G. M., June 22d. The Worshipful Masters have been : B. H. Keller, 
 1863-6: W. C. Cawley, 1866-9; Seth Brown, 1869-71; B. H. Keller, 
 1871-3; W. C. Cawley, 1873-7; Seth Brown, 1877-9. 
 
 The Lodge officiated at the laying of the corner stone of the Universalist 
 Church, at Greeley, June 5, 1866, in the presence of a large crowd. 
 
 The Lodge occupied the upper story of a frame building on the northwest 
 corner of Franklin and Delaware streets, until December, 1866. when it removed 
 to the third story over Thorpe Bros. & Co.'s store, which was formally dedi- 
 cated for Masonic uses, February 22, 1867. 
 
 The deaths among the membership have been Capt. Alonzo Clark, at New 
 Orleans, of yellow fever, December 7, 1867 ; Dr. W. A. Morse, of consumption, 
 engendered while a prisoner at Andersonville, July 24, 1868 ; S. W. Stevens, 
 September 2, 1868 ; E. L. Eaton, in 1869 ; Peter' Case, May, 1871, buried by 
 Tyrrell Lodge, Waverly ; W. J. Graham, 1871 ; L. W. Pierce, November 19, 
 1873; E. K. Howe, a pensioner of the war of 1812, aged 78 years. May 6, 
 1878 ; Nixson Denton, at Denison, Texas, January 4, 1878. 
 
 The officers for the years 1878-9 are Seth Brown, W. M.; C. C. Lewis, 
 S. W.; H. P. Duffy, J. W.; W. C. Cawley, Treasurer; T. T. Carkeek, Secre- 
 tary; A. L. Beardslee, S. D.; A. Wolff, J. D.; D. I. Johnston, Tyler. The 
 membership is about ninety. Meets Saturday evening on or before full moon. 
 
 Olive Branch Chapter No. 4.8, R. A. 31., was instituted March 1, 1869, 
 with L. F. Robinson, H. P.; M. 0. Barnes, E. K.; A. M. Sherwood, E. S., and 
 nine members. The present officers are A. L. Beardslee, H. P.; H. L. Rann, 
 E. K.; Thomas Toogrod, E. S.; W. T. Adams, Treasurer; H. F. Hamlin, 
 Secretary; C. C. Lewis, C. H.; L. L. Ayers. P. S.; E. S. Gaines, R. A. C; 
 H. P. Duffy, G. M. 3d V.; W. B. Jones, G. M. 2d V., J. J. Hoag, G. M. 1st 
 v.; N. J. Wolcott, Guard. About fifty members. Meets Wednesday evening 
 on or after full moon. 
 
 Orient Chapter, Eastern Star, chartered August 1, 1873, with B. H. Keller 
 as W. P.; Mrs. D. L. Ingalls, W. M.; Mrs. Sat. Allen, W. A. M. The pres- 
 ent officers are, Seth Brown, W. P.; Mrs. W. C. Cawley, W. M.; Mrs. A. 0. 
 Moore, W. A. M.; Mrs. D. I. Johnson, Treasurer; Mrs. G. S. Lister, Secre- 
 tary; D. I. Johnson, Sentinel. There are about fifty members. Meets Tues- 
 day evening on or before full moon. 
 
 Nazareth Commandery, U. D., was instituted October 12, 1877, with C. C. 
 Bradley, E. C; B. H. Keller, Gen.; W. C. Cawley, C. G.; E. Hoag, Treas.; 
 W. H. Cooley, Rec; C. C. Lewis, S. W.; Thomas Toogood, J. W.; H. F. 
 Hamlin, Warder; W. B. Jones, Standard Bearer; Charles Paxson, Sword 
 Bearer; J. W. Ford, Gd.; A. N. Smith, Sent. Knighted, A. L. Beardslee, 
 R. W. Tirrill, E. S. Gaines, W. T. Adams, N. J. Wolcott, H. P. Duffy, J. D. 
 Kennedy, D. W. Jones, W. F. Davis. The important event in the brief history 
 
506 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 of this body wa;^ the official visit by G. B. Van Saun, Grand Commander, 
 accompanied by seventeen members of neighboring commanderies, which occurred 
 February 27. Meets first Wednesday evening of each month. 
 
 I. 0. OF 0. F. 
 
 Manchester Lodge 1. 0. of 0. F., instituted March 29, 1867, by M. W. 
 G. M. of the State of lov^^a. Charter members, R. B. Griffin, M. A. Newcomb, 
 Jacob Phillips. T. W. Robinson, W. L. Gibson, E. Hoag, E. Fales, Edmond 
 Gardner, C. M. Bronson, Thomas Dodson, A. S. Blair, 0. Cronk, L. S. Sher- 
 win. John Morgan, Charles Burnside, C. E. Bronson, W. N. Boynton, V. 
 Childs, W. H. Greenwood. Officers elected, M. A. Newcomb, N. G.; Jagob 
 Phillips, V. G.; W. L. Gibson, R. S.; T. W. Robinson, P. S.; E. Fales, 
 Treas. Appointed officers, C N. Bronson, R. S.; 0. Cronk, L. S. to N. G.; 
 W. N. Boynton, R. S.; T. Dodson, L. S. to V. G.; L. S. Sherwin, I. G.; A. 
 S. Blair, R. S. S.; Charles E. Bronson, L. S. S. 
 
 The different Noble Grands that have served since organization, J. Phillips, 
 
 C. M. Bronson, 0. Cronk, C. E. Bronson, W. N. Boynton, R. W. Tirrill, M. 
 Cotton, V. Childs, J. T. Abbott, D. R. Lewis, A. B. Terrill, A. 0. Moore, M. 
 Cotton, J. Phillips, J. M. Pearse, J. L. Bloss, J. M. Pearse, A. 0. Moore, J. 
 W. Kennedy, S. B. Shilling, H. R. Holmes. 
 
 Officers for 1878 are G. 0. Vincent, N. G.; J. L. Kelsey, V. G.; H. C. 
 Seamen, Sec; J. M. Pearse, P. S ; J. T. Abbott, Treas.; J. H. Howland, R. S. 
 and J. H. Keyes, L. S. to U. G.; Jacob Phillips, W.; W. H. Bloss, C; G. H. 
 Lister, R. S. S.; J. B. Horton, L. S. S.; J. W. Kennedy, 0. G.; A. C. Car- 
 ter, I. G.; J. R. Nix, R. S., and P. S. French, L. S. to V. G.; H. R. Holmes, 
 P. G. 
 
 Azur Encampment^ No. 37\ instituted October 20, 1869, by S. S. Winald, 
 
 D. D. G. P., in Burnside Hall, N. E. corner Franklin and Fayette streets. 
 Charter members, Jacob Phillips, Thos. W. Robinson, Wm. M. Boynton, R. 
 W. Tirrill, E. Graham, G. R. Buckley, J. T. Horton. Those elected to office, 
 J. Phillips, C. P.; R. W. Tirrill, H. P.; G. R. Buckley, S, W.; E. Graham, 
 J. W.; \V. N. Boynton, Scribe; J. F. Horton, Treas. 
 
 Officers for 1878, J. T. Abbott, C. P.; J. W. Kennedy, S. W.; H. R. 
 Holmes, H. P.; J. M. Pearse, Scribe; E. J. Skinner, J. W.; A. 0. Moore, 
 Treas. Membership, 12. Meets second and fourth Monday evening of each 
 month, in Odd Fellows Hall. 
 
 ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. 
 
 Manchester Lodge, No. 28, A. 0. of U. W., was instituted May 15, 1875, 
 by IL W. Holman, D. D. G. M. W., with the following charter members, viz.: W. 
 B. Sherman, A. S. Blair, B. W. Jewell, Z. L. Atkinson, A. 0. Moore, Wm. B. 
 Jones, H. S. Lillagar, Calvin Yoran, C. D. Clark, T. T. Carkeek, D. T. John- 
 son, L. L. Ayres, A. L. Baldwin, H. L. Walter, J. M. Lanning, W. E, Brown, 
 W. L. Wcidman and J. C. Suydam. 
 
 The following officers were elected and installed : L. L. Ayers, P. M. W.; 
 Calvin Gordon, M. W.; A. 0. Moore, G. F.; H. S. Lillagar, 0.; C. D. Clark, 
 Recorder ; W. E. Brown, Financier ; Z. L. Atkinson, Receiver ; C. D. Bald- 
 win, W atch ; W. L. Weidman, Guide. 
 
 The first meeting was in " Odd Fellows' Hall," City Hall Block, where 
 the Lodge continued to meet until the new Odd Fellows' Hall, in Freelove's 
 building, on west side of Franklin street, corner of Delaware, was completed, 
 when the Lodge removed to that hall, January 1, 1878. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 507 
 
 The officers, 1875, second term, commencing July 1, were A.. 0. Moore, M. 
 W.; C. D. Clark, Recorder. 1876, first term, A. S." Blair, M. W.; P. H. Sny- 
 der, Recorder. Second term, H. L. Walter, M. W.; 13. W. Jewell, Recorder. 
 1877, first term, W. E. Brown, M. W.; Calvin Yoran, Recorder. Second term, 
 B. W. Jewell, M. W.; W. L. Weidman, Recorder. 1878, first terra, George 
 Comerford, M. W.; Amos C. Carter, G. F : Lemuel Allen, 0.; H. M. Ruggles, 
 Recorder ; H. L. Walter, Financier ; Z. L. Atkinson, Receiver ; S. W. Trench- 
 ard, I. W.; John C. Heath, 0. W.; A. S. Blair, Guide. 
 
 Whole number Master Workman degree members. May, 1878, 62. The 
 Lodge is in a prosperous condition. Its hall rent is paid to January 1, 1879, and 
 it has accumulated a fund of about $600, which is well invested in ten per cent, 
 securities. 
 
 PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. 
 
 Jones Mill Q-range of P. of H. was organized Feb. 20, 1873, its first officers 
 being A. F. Coon, M.; J. C. Skinner, 0.; E. S. Coon, L.; D. W. Jones, S.; J. 
 H. Burrington, A. S.; Wm. Clugston, C; S. J. Edmonds, T.; E. 0. Clemens, 
 Secretary; Luman Sly, G. K.; Drusilla Childs, Ceres; Sarah J. Coon, Pomona; 
 Eliza C. Skinner, Flora ; Charlotte Acers, L. A. S. The remaining charter 
 members were D.W. Jones, George Acres, S. M. Hoyt, D. P. Ferris, Luther Sly, 
 Wattson Childs, Wm. H. HoUister, A. L. Lightfoot, A. Kirkpatrick, Hassel 
 Monson, Henry Brown, C. W. Mead, Robert Forteous, E. S. Coon, Delilah 
 Hoyt, Margaret Jones, S. V. Coon. 
 
 This Grange has had a prosperous history. The most notable event was a 
 festival given by the Grange at Jones' new woolen factory, in February, 1877, 
 which lasted all day and was attended by scores from neighboring Granges. 
 The Grange meets in the second story of D. W. Jones' store. 
 
 I. 0. OF G. T. 
 
 Manchester Centennial Lodge, No. Ill, I. 0. of Gr. T. — Organized April 
 8, 1876, at the Baptist Church, by McLaughlin. Charter members — S. W. 
 Green, G. S. Lister, A. P. Turner, E. H. Trenchard, V. S. Esty, A. Stetter, 
 L. M. Johnson, Mrs. E. L. Trenchard, Miss Ida Moore, Miss Lulu Carter, 
 Miss Sarah Allen, Miss Jennie Work, Miss Ida Fuller, Winnie Adams, A. C. 
 Green, C. H. Foster. First officers— F. Flint, W. C. T. ; Mrs. A. C. Carter, 
 W. V. T. ; Mrs. A. 0. Moore, W. C. ; Mrs. C. J. Fuller, W. S. ; Miss Clara 
 Adams, W. A. S. ; A. C. Green, ^N . F. S. ; Mrs. F. Flint, W. T. ; E. R. 
 Roberts, W. M. ; Miss Ida Moore, W. D. M. ; Mrs. P. A. Trenchard. W. I. G.; 
 V. S. Esty, W. 0. G. ; Mrs. E. R. Roberts, W. R. H. S. ; A. C. Carter, W. 
 L. H. S. ; John Kerr, P. W. C. T. First meeting held in the parlors of the 
 M. E. Church, then to Loomis Hall, June, 1876 ; May 1, 1877, removed to 
 Burnsidc Hall. A division of the Lodge took place December 4, 1877, when 
 about forty members withdrew and organized a new lodge. Number of mem- 
 bers in good standing, xVpril 17, 95. 
 
 The present officers are A. S. Blair, W. C. T. ; Mrs. Campbell, W. V. T. ; 
 A. Stetter, W. S. ; Charles Turner, W. F. S. ; Charles Hamlin, W. T. ; D. 
 Mason, W. C. ; Nellie Paxson, I. G. ; F. Dudley, 0. G. ; L A. Cates, W. M. ; 
 Edith Campbell, D. M. ; Adella Eldredge, R. H. S. ; Kitty Conklin, L. H. S. 
 
 Earnest Workers Lodge, No. 227, 1. 0. G. T., was organized in the Fall 
 of 1877, with about fifty charter members. The present officers are G. S. Lis- 
 ter, W. C. T. ; Mrs. Emma Trenchard, W. V. T. ; Mrs. G. S. Lister, W. S. ; 
 A. C. Green, W. F. S. ; Mrs. H. A. Moore, W. T. ; Mrs. H. F. Childs, W. C. v 
 
508 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Lewis Coleman, W. M. ; Lulu Carter, W. A. M. ; SaraH Green, W. I. G. ; 
 A. C. Green, W. 0. G. ; Mrs. S. Knickerbocker, R. H. S. ; Mrs. J. M. Pearse, 
 L. H. S. ; Rev. S. Knickerbocker, P. W. C. T. ; F. Flint, Lodge Deputy. 
 
 Rock Prairie Lodge, I 0. G-. T., was organized November 15, 1877, at 
 Rock Prairie school house, with thirty-one members. John Edmonds, Lodge 
 Deputv, installed the first officers as follows : A. S. Coon, W. C. T. ; Mrs. 
 Delia Coon, W. V. T.; Isaac Shear, W. F. S.; Chauncey 0. Bushnell, Treas.; 
 Owen P. Dutton, W. S. ; Dwight Bushnell, W. C. ; William Stevens, W. M. ; 
 Alice Bushnell, W. I. G. ; Isaac N. Bushnell, W. 0. G. ; Susan D. Connell, 
 W. D. M. ; Eleanor N. Stevens, W. A. S. ; Eva Lamport, R. H. S. ; Annie 
 Hitman, L. 11. S. Meet at Rock Prairie school house, four miles northeast of 
 Manchester. 
 
 MANCHESTER REFORM CLUB. 
 
 This association is the outgrowth of a meeting held in the office of S. G. 
 Van Anda March 29, 1877, of forty citizens — habitual drinkers — who had con- 
 vened together for the purpose of forming a Mutual Anti-Drinking Aid Society, 
 adopting a constitution and by-laws, which bound them forever to abstain from 
 the use of alcoholic liquors. They proceeded to elect the following officers by 
 ballot: S. G. Van Anda, President; G. R. Buckley, Vice President; J. Van 
 Antwerp, Secretary ; L. Paxson, Treasurer. 
 
 The society has been successful beyond the expectation of its founders, 
 nearly every one of its members having abstained from drink ever since they took 
 the society's pledge. A monster Fourth of July celebration was held last year 
 under its auspices in the grove at the foot of Butler street, six or seven thousand 
 people being in attendance. Evening sociables were held weekly in the same 
 grove during the remainder of the Summer season, refreshments being sold and 
 music being furnished. In the Fall, the meetings were transferred to the hall, 
 and literary exercises added. 
 
 The club room, in the second story of City Hall Block, is sumptuously fitted 
 up, and is kept open every day in the week from 8 A. M. to 10 P. M., and 
 strangers are always cordially welcomed and invited to make themselves at home 
 within its walls. 
 
 ladies' TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 
 
 Organized in the basement of the M. E. Church, January, 1874, with 136 
 members, who elected the following officers for the next ensuing year : Mrs. 
 J. H. Stevens, President; Mrs. G. W. Buckley, Vice President; Mrs. J. 
 Stewart, Secretary ; Mrs. Joel Bailey, Treasurer. 
 
 This society has accomplished a great deal of good since its organization ; 
 although the membership has decreased to about sixty, they are in a better 
 working and financial condition than ever before. The ladies in office at pres- 
 ent are: Mrs. Dr. Paquin, President; Mrs. S. G. Van Anda, Vice President ; 
 Mrs. J. A. Wheeler, Secretary ; Mrs. Thomas Kinne, Treasurer. 
 
 BAND OF HOPE. 
 
 A Juvenile Temperance Society, organized under the auspices of the Woman's 
 Temperance Union in the Baptist Church, April, 1874, with sixty members, 
 and the following officers : John Stewart, President : 
 
 The membership for 1878 is 160. The officers : Mrs. Dr. Bradley, Presi- 
 dent ; Mrs. Hannah Congar, Vice President ; Mrs. G. G. Pierce, Secretary ; 
 
MANCHESTER 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 511 
 
 Mrs. J. A. Wheeler, Treasurer ; Mrs. V. Cliilds, Chorister ; Miss Eva Parrott, 
 
 Organist Vi,.;.: Mirn.ie Jewitt, Usher. The Society meets in the different 
 churches the first Sunday of each month. 
 
 BUSINESS INTERESTS. 
 
 The Delaware County Manufacturing Company. — A company with the 
 above ponderous title was organized November 26, 1875. The officers elected 
 at the January meeting were N. Ruggles, President; J. S. Belknap. Treasurer; 
 E. Healy, Secretary ; H. L. Hopkins, Superintendent ; Charles Paxson, H. D. 
 Wood, J. S. Barry, L. E. Beebe. J. S. Belknap, S. T. Oviatt, W. N. Merten, 
 The object principally in view was to manufacture a mowing machine invented 
 by H. L. Hopkins, Avho had been induced to come west in 1875 by L. E. Beebe, 
 of Delaware. In February, 1876, the Company purchased of N. Denton the 
 ground and shops formerly owned by the Manchester Manufacturing Company, 
 and supplied neAV and valuable machinery. The works were set going, and by 
 the early Fall, over a hundred mowing machines were completed, and most of 
 them sold, but the cash resources of the concern were exhausted. Times were 
 snug, and in August, at a stockholders' meeting, it was decided to increase the 
 stock by taking notes, which could be used as collaterals in the business. A 
 considerable amount was raised in this way, mainly in Colony Township. But 
 soon after the August meeting, ill feeling grew up, arising from various causes, 
 the seeming prosperity of the Company began at once to wane, and the shops 
 were closed. During the Winter several unavailing efforts were made to collect 
 assessments. This fiiiling, Mr. Hopkins organized a partnership composed of 
 himself and three others, the firm offering to take the property and continue the 
 business in consideration of a donation of three-fourths of the stock to Hopkins 
 & Co. This fell through, and at the February term (1877) of Circuit Court, 
 the property was foreclosed by N. Denton, who was the principal creditor, and 
 sold by the Sheriff as soon as the law would permit. At the May term of the 
 same Court, on Mr. Hopkins' application for a receiver, the Court took the 
 property in charge, placing it in the hands of Sheriff Corbin, but at the Sep- 
 tember term, Judge Bagg appointed E. M. Carr Receiver, who has collected 
 what is available as assets, and present indications are that full paid stock in the 
 concern is worth about thirty cents on the dollar. The amount of stock sub- 
 scribed is about $35,000. 
 
 The Manchester Flouring -mill was built in 1867, by Jacob Hoag and his 
 son Egbert, near the site of the saw-mill that disappeared finally in 1862. Quite 
 a newspaper discussion arose in 1866, when the Hoags were preparing to erect 
 the dam, whether or not the future pond would breed malaria and consequent 
 disease among the inhabitants of Manchester. The Hoags proceeded, however, 
 and time has shown that the rate of mortality has not increased. On the death 
 of Jacob Hoag, in 1868, his son Jacob J. assumed his interest, which he has 
 just (1878) disposed of to Egbert, who is now sole owner. The average capac- 
 ity of the mill is 150 barrels of flour or 300 bushels of feed per day, which can 
 be somewhat increased, if necessary. The mill was last year remodeled and 
 machinery for the "middlings purifying process " put in, since which time the 
 product of the mill has been unsurpassed in quality by any mill in the vicinity. 
 The structure is three stories high, and 40x60 feet in size. It is located on the 
 west side of the river, just below the wagon bridge. 
 
 The Quaker Mills. — The first flouring-mill on the site now occupied by the 
 Quaker Mill was erected by Dr. John Acers in 1854, which was continued 
 
512 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 quite successfully until June, 1865, when the swirling flood that rose on the 27tb 
 of that month crawled around the foundations of the mill, crept several feet up 
 its sides, and, holding the structure fast in its tremendous grasp, swept it into- 
 the current and pounded it to pieces as it floated down the stream. In 1866, 
 Messrs. Paxson & Seeds purchased an interest in the property, and under their 
 supervision the mill was rebuilt and started in 1867, under the name of " Qua- 
 ker Mill.'" The new structure was supplied with a first-class line of machinery 
 and did a flourishing business until May, 1869, when the structure was burned 
 to the ground and nearly aH the machinery ruined. Soon after the fire. Dr. 
 Acers sold his remaining interest and the mill was speedily rebuilt, milling 
 being resumed late in the year. Sept. 5, 1876, the dam was washed away for 
 the third or fourth time since its construction. It was rebuilt under the super- 
 intendence of N. Denton, Esq. It is 120 feet long and 14 feet high. The mill 
 is 45x4^; feet in size, three and a half stories high, not including the stone 
 basement. The process of regrinding was begun at Quaker Mill in 1875, and 
 a large share of its product is handled by dealers in Manchester, the bran being 
 a favorite with consumers. The surplus is shipped to Vermont and Philadel- 
 phia. Charles Paxson and W. H. Seeds are the present owners ; Ilian Walters, 
 Superintendent ; Charles Seeds, Business Manager. 
 
 The Manchester Woolen-mill is situated on Honey Creek, its legal location 
 being on the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 20, Town- 
 ship 89 north, Range 8 west. The site was purchased by D. W. Jones in 
 1865, and in the same year he began the erection of the factory, which was 
 30x40 feet in size and three stories high. In this structure he set up one set of 
 cards, one set of custom cards and a spinning-jack. In 1867, he added thirty 
 feet to the length of the building, and more than doubled the manufacturing 
 capacity of the mill by adding a large set of cards, and has continued to add 
 ncAv machinery from year to year, so that he has been able to make the finest 
 grades and finish of cloth for several years past, the wearing quality of which 
 is unsurpassed. In the Fall of 1876, Mr. Jones built another factory, about 
 half a mile below his first one, the dimensions of which are 48x80 feet and 
 three and a half stories high, not including the basement. The new factory 
 does nothing but spinning and weaving, the dyeing, fulling and teasling being 
 all done at the upper factory. The new establishment contains three full sets 
 of cards and three self-acting mules. The diff'erent goods manufactured by Mr. 
 ^Jones are fancy cassimeres, three grades of beaver for overcoats, tricots, doe- 
 skins, jeans, diff'erent grades of blankets and all kinds of yarns. Mr. 
 Jones is ably assisted in the management of his factories by his tAvo sons, 
 William B. and Joseph, who have homes of their own near the old mill. The 
 goods aie sold from wagons, six or seven being kept on the road. Thirty hands 
 are employed. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 The Delaware County Bank, at Manchester, organized under the general 
 law of the State, December 4, 1867. Joseph S. Belknap, William Cattron, 
 II. M. Congar, Eri N. Tomlinson, Charles Burnside, Ray B. Griffin, Wm. II. 
 Board, Thomas Toogood and Charles Paxson, Directors ; J. S. Belknap, Presi- 
 dent ; Charles Paxson, Vice President; William II. Seeds, Cashier. 
 
 The Bank opened for business March 2, 1868, in a frame budding on the 
 east side of Franklin street, a short distance north of Main. In 1872, this old 
 building was removed and a handsome brick building was erected, which is now 
 occupied by the bank. The capital stock originally was $50,000, increased^ 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 513 
 
 May, 1873, to $100,000. Officers, May, 1878 : President, Joseph S. Belknap ; 
 Vice President, Charles Paxson ; Cashier, Wm. H. Seeds; Directors, J. S. 
 Belknap, Thomas Toogood, Henry Acers, John U. Schilling, William C. Caw- 
 ley, E. 0. Clemens, R. W. Tirrill, Benjamin B. Provost and Charles Paxson. 
 
 Congar Bros'. Banking House commenced business January 1, 1875 ; 
 capital ample, good credit and good connections. They own the building in 
 which their business is conducted — a handsome two-story building, built of brick, 
 with white stone trimmings. Erected in 1875, at a cost of $4,700. 
 
 PRESENT BUSINESS INTERESTS OF MANCHESTER 1878. 
 
 The following embraces the present principal business interests of Man- 
 chester : 
 
 Butter Dealers. — A. H. Blake, Loomis & Castle, Riddell Bros., Merry & 
 Goodell, A. R. Loomis, 2d. 
 
 General Stores — L. A. Loomis, 1861; J. S. Belknap, 1863; Thorp Bros. 
 & Co., 1866 ; E. Tilton, 1865 ; H. C. Graham & Co., 1868 ; Merry & Goodell, 
 1872 ; A. E. Stewart, 1877 ; Levi Hills, 1874 ; Riddell Bros., 1869 ; J. M. 
 Haran, 1878. 
 
 Furniture and Coffins — Torrey & Jones, 1877. 
 
 Boots and Shoes — B. H. Keller, 1865 (the first to enter into this business 
 in Delaware Township); Seth Brown, 1859; F. 0. Muckler, 1876; Granger 
 & Hoyt, 1871. Seth Brown appears to be ahead. 
 
 Hardtvare and Stoves — Lawrence & Lister, 1877 ; Adams Bros., 1857 ; 
 H. F. Whitney, 1875; L U. Butler, 1857. 
 
 Saddlery and Harness — C. B. Eaton, 1870 ; John Otis & Son, 1873 ; 
 Samuel Steadman, 1876. 
 
 Lumber Yards— J. N. Wolcott, 1870 ; G. R. Buckley & Co., 1867. 
 
 Agricultural Impleinents — N. Ruggles, 1859 ; A. S. Beardslee, 1872 ; V. 
 J. Williams & Co., 1877; A. M. Sherwood, Manager, 1877. 
 
 Clothiers— J. Rothschild, 1877; L. & A. Wolf, 1874; C. H. Mesner, 
 1877. 
 
 JDrugs, Books and Stationery — E. J. Congar, 1867 ; W' . E. Brown, 1869 ; 
 L. Atwater & Son, 1874. 
 
 Boohs and Stationery — W. C. Cawley. 
 
 Flour and Feed — G. 0. Vincent, 1877. 
 
 Restaurants — W. G. Foster, 1877 ; George Commerford, 1871. 
 
 Marble Tfor^s— Reuben Durrin, 1869 ; W. McLitosh & Son, 1876. 
 
 Jewelers — D. R. Lewis & Bro, 1857 ; W. N. Boynton, 1859. 
 
 Blacksmiths — H. L. Bates, 1877 ; Z. L. Atkinson, 18 — ; H. E. Long, 
 1877 ; Jerrv P. Wilson, 1868 ; Whitman & Hamblin, 1877 : R. G. Kennedy, 
 1871. " 
 
 Wagon Makers— B.. G. Kennedy, 1871 ; E. Malone, 1877 ; E. Hamlin, 
 1859. 
 
 Meat 3Iarkets— George Brownell, 1864; Evans & Rich, 1872; Fred 
 Glisendorf, 1866. 
 
 Photographers— \Y . H. Greenwood, 1868; Walter & Weidman, 1871; C. 
 B. Mills, 1875. 
 
 Portrait and Ornamental Painting — W. H. Greenwood, 1868. 
 
 Milliners —Mrs. J. R. Rule, 1866; Mrs. N. F. Lawrence, 1870; Mrs. L. 
 ^ . Loomis, 1875. 
 
 Attorneys at Law — Ray B. Griffin, 1865; Charles S. Crosby, 1867; S. L. 
 
514 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 DocTcrett 1857 ; R. W. TirriU, 1859 ; S. G. Van Anda, 1865 ; C. E. Bron- 
 son!''l865 ; M. F. Le Roy, 1870 ; E. M. Carr, 1872 ; Calvin Yoran, 1870 ; 
 A. S. Blaiv. 1857 : Ed. P. Seeds, 1877 ; Charles Husted, 1876. 
 
 Phiisirians and Dentists— ^o^q^\\ W. Robbins, 1855 ; S. W. Green, 1851 ; 
 I. W. Grist, 1876 ; C. C. Bradley, 1866 ; AV. B. Sherman, 1870 : B. H. Rey- 
 nolds, 1874 ; J. T. Abbott, 1867 ; C. W. Dorman, 1876. 
 
 JJoteh — Clarence House, by Toogood & Bethell, 1855 ; Merchants' Hotel, 
 by J. W. Durbon, 1875; Delaware House, by R. Brooks, 1873; Martin 
 House, by Job Martin, 1870 ; Nix House, 1858 : Manchester House, by Mrs. 
 Johnson, 1873. 
 
 THE BUSINESS OF 1877. 
 
 The following statistics, relating to the business of Manchester for the year 
 1877, will be found valuable for reference : 
 
 Butter. — Manchester is the great butter market of Iowa, and the following 
 shows the increase in this department for three years : There were sent from 
 this station, in 1875, 750,000 pounds of butter; in 1876, 913,370 pounds : in 
 1877, 1,197,478 pounds. 
 
 This shows the growth of the dairy business of the county during the past 
 year has been quite as great as in 1876. But this does not show the entire 
 increase. There are several new creameries in operation supplied from points 
 in the county distant from this city, and whose products are shipped from other 
 stations. There is no doubt the total increase in the dairy products over last 
 year is at least double that shown above. But be this so or not, it is a gratify- 
 ing fact that our dairy business is steadily growing, and that Delaware County 
 will soon make the most, as she now makes the best. 1)utter of any county in 
 the Union. 
 
 ' SHIPMENTS OF 1877. 
 
 Cars. Cars. 
 
 Wheat 95 Flour 15 
 
 Corn 16 Hay 24 
 
 Osits .' 78 I Starch 8 
 
 Cattle 45 Hides '. 25 
 
 Hogs 131 Rags 33 
 
 Horses 14 Dressed hogs 2 
 
 Butter 113 Emigrant movables 17 
 
 Eggs 29 Timothy and clover seed 2 
 
 Poultry 8 Butter tubs and egg cases 18 
 
 Agricultural implements 34 Sundries 156 
 
 RECEIPTS OF 1877. 
 
 Care. Cars 
 
 Merchandise 323 I Private coal 351 
 
 Lumber 357 Company coal 593 
 
 Sundries 21 i Iron, nails and wire 24 
 
 Salt 33 ' Livestock 18 
 
 Cement 3 I Apples 16 
 
 Household goods 15 Barrel stock and butler tubs 15 
 
 Oil 6 Wagon stock 6 
 
 Agricultural implements 20 Wheat 11 
 
 Stone 36 Butter and eggs 27 
 
 DELHI. 
 
 Delhi Township. 
 
 The early history of Delhi, the county seat of Delaware, is necessarily a 
 l)art of the history of the county, has been largely included in it, and a brief 
 review will be all that is necessary here. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 515 
 
 The southeast quarter of Section 17, Township 88 north, Range 4 west, 
 was selected for the county seat by a vote of the people at an election held 
 August 2, 1841. The town was named Delhi by order of the County Com- 
 missioners, January 18, 1842. The people turned out en masse, shortly 
 afterward, and built a log court cabin on the southeast corner pf the quarter 
 section, and the town was surveyed and platted by Joel Bailey, County 
 Surveyor, March 31. 1842. Charles W. Hobbs built a cabin near the south- 
 west corner of the town, but on another quarter section, in 1843-44, and 
 moved into it with his family in the Spring of 1844. 
 
 The post office at Delhi was established March 14, 1844. Mrs. Mary E. 
 A. Hobbs, wife of Charles W. Hobbs, was appointed Postmistress, and until 
 Mr. Hobbs removed from Penn's to his new home near Delhi, the office was 
 kept at the house of J. W. Penn, at Penn's Grove. 
 
 Until 1846, and until the county acquired title to the quarter section on 
 which Delhi was laid out, in March of that year, no improvements were made, 
 as no lots could be sold, and the log Court House, built in 1842 and finished in 
 1844, was the only building in the town. In 1846, several log cabins were 
 erected, the first, it is said, by Mr. Levi Ellis, the second by John W. Clark, 
 near the "Big Spring," which was the only tavern in town until 1851. Will- 
 iam Phillips also built a cabin on the town site and later, perhaps ilot until 
 1847, Arial K. Eaton built another near southwest corner of Town. 
 
 With the building of these cabins, the spirit of improvement seemed 
 exhausted. Town lots were worth $5.00 each, when any were sold, Avhich was 
 not of very frequent occurrence, and Delhi consisted of this little cluster of 
 log cabins until 1851, when, through the enterprise of Frederick B. Doolittle 
 and a feAv others, the town took a new departure. 
 
 The first tavern or hotel was kept by John W. Clark, who also opened the 
 first store in town prior to 1848. 
 
 Mitchell built the first blacksmith shop in 1849. 
 
 A division of Sons of Temperance was organized at Delhi about 1850, in 
 the old Court House. Among the remembered members were C. W. Hobbs, 
 Zina A. Wellman, Lewis Patton. Mr. Leland. Meetings were held in the 
 houses of the members. This organization, after continuing its labors for seve- 
 ral years, became extinct, leaving no records from which to write its history. 
 In 1851, Daniel Baker built the old Iowa House on a lot donated to him 
 for that purpose by Frederick B. Doolittle, who had, in connection with Mr. 
 Price, hewed the timber for a new Court House and had taken his pay in town 
 lots at $5.00 each. During the same year, Mr. Helm built the " Blue Store," 
 now occupied by the post office, on another lot donated by Mr. Doolittle. 
 Several other buildings were erected in the same year, and the price of town 
 lots advanced, some being sold for the extravagant price of $25. 
 
 From this time, the growth of the town was rapid for several years, and at 
 the close of 1856, it was one of the most active, thriving towns in Northern Iowa, 
 The new Court House was completed in 1853. The Harding Hotel was nearly 
 completed in 1856, and, to all appearances, Delhi was destined to be the largest 
 town as well as the seat of justice of the county of Delaware. For two years, 
 this happy state of affairs continued. G. W. Ashburn became landlord of the 
 Harding House, and every available corner of that capacious house was nightl}' 
 crowded with guests, who had come to Iowa with pockets full of gold to invest 
 in the fertile lands that stretched out to the setting sun — all for a dollar and a 
 quarter an acre. The people were prosperous, and everybody was happy. But 
 the location of the Dubuque k Pacific Railroad three miles north of the town 
 
516 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 and the financial crash of 1857 were severe blows to its prosperity, from which 
 it has never recovered, although the completion of the Davenport & St. Paul 
 Railroad, in 1872, was of some advantage to it, more, perhaps, by aiding it to 
 hold the county seat than in any other way. 
 
 December, 1854, the County Judge ordered, inasmuch as over one-fourth of 
 the voters of Delhi had petitioned to have the town incorporated, that an elec- 
 tion be held January 15, 1855, to decide the question, and appointed William 
 F. Tanner, William Phillips and George Shelden, Judges, and C. W. Hobbs 
 and S. F. Parker, Clerks of the election. Thirty-seven votes were case for the 
 measure, and none against. The Judge then appointed January 27, 1855, as 
 the day on which the citizens were to select five persoas to prepare a charter 
 for the government of the town; and on that day, A. K. Eaton, James Wright, 
 E. K. Griffin, Daniel Baker and Samuel F. Parker were elected. Judge Ben- 
 son ordered the charter, as prepared, to be submitted February 28, which was 
 accepted by a unanimous vote of twenty-eight. The charter provided for elect- 
 ing town officers on the second Monday in March following, concerning which 
 the county records are silent, but tradition states that A. K. Eaton was the 
 first Mayor, and S. G. Van Anda' the second. In the latter's term of office 
 the corporate powers were allowed to lapse into disuse, and have ever since 
 remained dormant. 
 
 In 1856, William Sylvester, Elisha Brady and Skerry built a steam 
 
 saw and flouring-mill near the northwest corner of the lake, on the northeast 
 quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 20, Town 88 north, Range 4 west, 
 a short distance south of the plat of Delhi. It was a substantial stone build- 
 ing. In 18t)l, the mill suspended operations, and in 1862, the building was 
 converted into a distillery by George Maxwell, who continued until 1866, when 
 Col. J. H. Peters operated it until 1867. Since that time, the old mill has 
 been unoccupied, and is becoming dilapidated. 
 
 July 4, 1861, was celebrated by Delhi in ample form. The parade included 
 a dozen veterans of the war of 1812. Speeches were made by J. H. Peters, 
 S. G. Van Anda and others. The celebration was kept up till late in the after- 
 noon, when a dance began at the Harding House, and was kept up till sunrise 
 next morning. 
 
 A Farmers' Club was organized in Delhi in May, 1866, with the following 
 officers: Washington J. Graham, President; Samuel Allison, Jr., Vice Presi- 
 dent ; William Ball, Secretary ; Daniel Smith, Treasurer ; and John Porter 
 Corresponding Secretary. 
 
 A Literary and Library Association was organized at Delhi, May 29, 1871. 
 Dr. .Vlbert Boomer was elected President ; Mrs. J. H. Peters, Vice President ; 
 Thomas A. Twiss, Secretary ; J. M. Noble, Treasurer ; Mrs. D, Louise 
 fngalls. Librarian. Membership fee was fixed at $4.00, payable quarterly. 
 Quite a sum was raised for books, but the books were never pui'chased. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 Previous to independent organization, Delhi was attached to Sub-district 
 No. 4. The independent school district of Delhi was organized August 18, 
 1868. The Judges of Election were Charles Thorpe, N. Dunham, K. W. 
 Kingslcy, J. Y. Atchi.son and J. L. McCreery. The officers first elected were 
 W. yi. Hartshorn, President; E. Graham, Vice President ; E. Brady, Secre- 
 tary ; Z. I). Sc<)])ey, Treasurer. The first sciiiool in Delhi was held in the old 
 log Court House. It commenced in the Summer of 1846, Roxana Brown, 
 teacher ; and this was the school house until the first school house was built, 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 517 
 
 in 1852, by Perry Hook. It was a graded school, with Orlando Nash and 
 Sarah Davis as teachers. This school house continued to be used until July 
 25, 1868, when it was sold to the Methodist Society for $250. July 18, 1868, 
 the School Board entered into a contract with William Wasson and B. S. 
 Morgan to erect a brick school house. This was done at an expense of 
 f 3,y65.35, and school opened, with George S. Bidwell as Principal, and Emily 
 M. Bidwell, his wife, as assistant. 
 
 To this building an extensive addition of two large wings, each containing 
 two rooms, were added in 1872, district bonds for $7,000 having been voted for 
 that purpose February 28, 1872. The contract was let to John Gibson, for the 
 above named amount. As the building now stands, it contains six large rooms, 
 four only of Avhich are in use, the other two being incomplete, considerable 
 inside work having yet to be done. This, however, is not surprising, as evi- 
 dently in the construction of so large a school building the necessities of the 
 future were as fully considered as those of the present. In this school, there 
 are three departments, and three teachers, as follows : C. D. Clark, Principal 
 and Teacher of Higher Department ; Jerusha Cummings, Intermediate ; Rena 
 Ball, Primary. 
 
 The School Board, as at present (1878) composed, consists of J. B. Boggs, 
 President; G. W. Hobbs, Secretary; Henry Haeberle, Treasurer; J. B. 
 Boggs, J. M. Holbrook, J. B. Satterlee, A. E. House, J. M. Brayton and R. 
 Eddy, Directors. 
 
 RELIGIOUS. 
 
 In the early Spring of 1847, the Rev. Mr. Briar, Methodist, preached the 
 first sermon at Delhi, at the house of C. W. Hobbs. The first Methodist 
 Society was organized in Delhi in 1852. The Rev. George Cliff'ord was sta- 
 tioned there in 1854. In 1855, he, with Elder Farnsworth, a Baptist minister, 
 held a very successful revival. Among the converts were two who afterward 
 entered the Methodist ministry — Rev. S. Knickerbocker and Rev. Wm. Glass- 
 ner. During this year the Methodists built a church costing about fifteen 
 hundred dollars ($1500.00) ; it was afterward sold to the Catholics. The Rev. 
 Mr. Davis was next appointed to the charge, who, after a short illness, died 
 about the middle of the year, and Rev. Mr. Soule. of Virginia, was employed 
 to fill out the year. His successor was Rev. Isaac Newton. An interesting 
 Union Sabbath School was organized in the year 1852, and maintained for 
 many years. 
 
 First Baptist Church. — May 8, 1853, a preliminary meeting of the Baptists 
 in this vicinity was held in the old log Court House. Elder C. D. Farnsworth 
 was the Moderator, and R. S. Perry Clerk of the meeting. The names of four 
 brethren and nine sisters were presented for membership. 
 
 May 14th, four more united, and Ozius Kellogg and Ephraim Cummings 
 were elected Deacons. 
 
 May 28th, ten delegates from Cascade, Colesburg and Yankee Settlement 
 met in the log Court House, with John Bates as Moderator, and organized a 
 recognition council, which, after mature deliberation, unanimously agreed to 
 recognize as a sister church the onejust organized at Delhi. 
 
 On the 29th, the recognition sermon was preached by Elder John Bates. 
 
 March 11, 1855, a building committee, names not given, were appointed, 
 and an eff'ort made to build a house of worship. The first recorded meeting of 
 this committee was on the 27th of June, when, not having met with sufficient 
 ■encouragement, it was agreed to disband. Nothing further was done in that 
 
518 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 direction until 1868, when, on the 23d of June, James Heath, A. Stone and 
 John Stone were appointed a committee on building a church. Their efforts 
 were successful from the first. 
 
 Aug. 18, 1868, the corner stone of the present edifice was laid. 
 
 June 8!, 1873, Rev. J. Y. Johnston preached the dedication sermon. The 
 actual cost of the church building was $3,397.91. The Trustees are Martin 
 Mason. Isaac Cummings and George Rue ; Deacon Ephraim Cummings ; 
 Clerk, Lizzie McCoy- Although an invitation has been extended, the church 
 just now has no regular Pastor. 
 
 Ladies Aid Society of First Baptist Ohureh or ganhed March 27, 1873, at 
 Mrs. A. E. Martin's residence, unanimously electing the following officers : 
 Mrs. George Watson, President ; Mrs. W. H. Frye, Vice President ; Mrs. S. 
 E. Harger, Secretary and Treasurer ; Mrs. Mary Sherman, Assistant Secre- 
 tary and Treasurer ; Mrs. Ephraim Cunmiings, Mrs. A. E. Martin, Mrs. Eliza 
 Smith, Mrs. J. M. Brayton and Miss Minnie Cofiin were enrolled as members. 
 
 The present officers and members are Mrs. Theodosia Doolittle, President ; 
 Mrs. J Porter, Vice President ; Mrs. Lizzie McCoy, Secretary and Treasurer ; 
 Mrs. E. Cummings, Mrs. S. E. Harger. Mrs. R. Mason. 
 
 Woma)i's Baptist Mission Circle of Delhi organized April 20th, 1877, with 
 following officers and members : Mrs. Elizabeth Harger, President ; Mrs. De 
 Ette, Vice President : Mrs. A. Rue, Secretary and Treasurer ; Mrs. Mary 
 Heath, Mrs. Lizzie McCoy, Mrs. E. Cummings, Mrs. R. Mason, Mrs. Maria 
 Weaver. Meetings are held the first Tuesday of each month in First Baptist Church . 
 
 Methodist Episcopcd Church. — The organization of this church occurred 
 at the fourth quarterly meeting of the Earlville Circuit, Dubu(|ue District, 
 Upper Iowa Conference, held here on Saturday, Aug. 18, 1868, and presided 
 over by Rev. G. L. Garrison. At this meeting Albert Boomer, Elisha Brady, 
 C. W. Hobbs, Daniel Pulver and George H. Fuller were appointed Trustees, 
 which Board met Aug. 20th, 1868, when Dr. Albert Boomer was elected Presi- 
 dent ; C. W. Hobbs, Vice President; George H. Fuller, Secretary; Elisha 
 Brady. Treasurer : and A. Boomer. E. Brady and Daniel Pulver, were appointed 
 a Building Committee to superintend the repairing and refitting of the old Town 
 school House, which had been purchased July 25, 1868, for church purposes, 
 for ^250. This committee were instructed to make the first ($50) payment 
 and to pledge the individual notes of the Trustees for the balance. 
 
 This was accordingly done and the building occupied, in which services 
 have ever since been held. The Pastor at present in charge is the Rev. Eugene 
 Ketchum, who preaches every alternate Sabbath. The Board of Trustees, 
 with the exception of Elisha Brady, are as originally appointed. 
 
 The Sunday School of this church was organized in the Fall of 1868. The 
 present officers are Albert Boomer, Superintendent ; G. H. Fuller, Assistant 
 Superintendent ; C. C. Harris, Secretary. 
 
 A Ladies' Aid Society, whose object is the raising of funds to defray church 
 expenses, was organized shortly after the church organization : Mrs. George 
 Watson, President ; Mrs. Haeberle, Secretary, are the officers. 
 
 Catholic Church. — The building used by this denomination was formerly 
 owned by the Methodist Episcopal Society. It was transferred to the Catholic 
 Church May 30, 1863, and by that church to the Bishop, January 1, 1865. 
 Rev. J. F. Nugent, the present Pastor, assumed charge of the Delhi and Man- 
 chester Parishes December 2, 1875, succeeding Rev. R. McGrath. 
 
 Delhi Catholic Temperance Society organized with fifteen members, by 
 Father Nugent, May 1, 1876. • Present membership over thirty. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 519 
 
 A. 0. OF U. W. 
 
 Delhi Lodge A. 0. of U. W., No. ^21, instituted by D. D. G. M. Ferris, in 
 Good Templars' Hall, April 2, 1875, with twenty-two charter members. First 
 officers: J. B. Boggs, P. M. W.; W. A. Heath, M. W.; J. H. Peters, G. F.; 
 S. S. Summers, 0.; J. B. Beveridge, G.; T. A. Twist, Rec'dr.; H. C. Haeberle, 
 Finan.. A. E. Martin, Rec'r.; A. Preston, I. W: A. Dunham, J. B. Satterlee. 
 H. C. Jackson, Trustees. 
 
 The present membership (1878) is thirty. Officers: J. B. Boggs, P. M. 
 W.; L. Terpenning, M. W.; Henry Harger, G. F.; F. E. Fuller, 0.; S. S. 
 Summers, Recdr.; J. B. Satterlee, Recr.; W. A. Heath, Finan.: H. C. Jack- 
 son, G.; T. C. Kelly, I. W.; P. W. Keith, 0. W.; J. B. Boggs, Henry Har- 
 ger, L. Terpenning, Trustees. 
 
 Meet every Monday evening, in Odd Fellows" Hall. 
 
 BUSINESS INTERESTS, 1878. 
 
 Delhi Star Creamery and Cheese Factory. — Work on this buildino- was 
 commenced by B. Thorpe, in March, 1878. It is a fine two-story frame build- 
 ing, 23x53 feet, located near the ^' Big Spring." Ample facilities are provided 
 to make into butter the cream from the milk of over 400 cows. 
 
 Dry Goods and General Merchandise. — B. Thorp & Son. 1855 ; John T. 
 Penn, April 1. 1878; Charles Galpin, May, 1867; John McElmeel, January, 
 1878. " 
 
 Druyyist.—Uonis T. Heath, May, 1877. 
 
 Harness Maker. — L. Terpenning, October, 1872. 
 
 Shoemaker. — W. H. Follett, October, 1877. 
 
 Wagon Makers.— Joseph Kofemhl, February, 1877 ; Patrick McMeel, May, 
 1855. ^ -^ 
 
 Blacksmith — I. A. Lacrone, April, 1875. 
 
 Tinsmith. — John Held, October, 1876. 
 
 Town Scales. — L. Terpenning, June, 1876. 
 
 Fhysicians. — George H. Fuller, 1869-1877 ; Walter Newcomer, Septem- 
 ber, 1877 : Albert Boomer, 1855. 
 
 Millinery. — Miss L. Gleason, 1875. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 Iowa House. — Built in 1876, by John T. Penn, and conducted by John 
 Morris for over a year, and by P. Keith until March 1, 1878, when E. P. 
 Gaines, present landlord, took possession. 
 
 Harding House. — Built in 1857, by Charles Harding. Purchased by pres- 
 ent owner and landlord, Marion Hutchins, in 1868. 
 
 MASONIC. 
 
 Delhi Lodge No. — , A.. F. cj-A. M., was instituted in the Winter of 1855-6, 
 with the following members: N. W. Moss, W. M.; W. C. Garrett, J. W. Clark, 
 J. W. Penn, James Wright (afterward Secretary of State), P. T. McMahon, 
 William Lutes, W. H. Gills, Charles W. Hobbs, John Teel, John Acers, H. L. 
 Ryan, Peter Case, A. E. House, C. F. Hobbs, Lewis Crozier, P. Reading, 
 William Mcintosh and James Carma. 
 
 The Lodge surrendered its charter in 1860, owing, it is said, to some diffi- 
 culties among its members, since which date Delhi has had no Masonic organi- 
 zation. 
 
520 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 I. 0. OF 0. F. 
 
 Delhi Lodge, No. 4.6, I. 0. of 0. F., organized U. D. April 6, 1853, by 
 John S. Dimniitt, P. G. The charter members were : John S. Dimmitt, A. D. 
 
 Anders, Pratt, K. Skinner, Sylvester J. Dunham ; and the following as 
 
 first officers: W. F. Tanner, N. G.; William Rice, V. G.; J. P. Hook, Secre- 
 tary, and Floyd H. Williams, Treasurer. The charter is dated October 26, 
 1853. 
 
 The other officers were appointed as follows : H. T. Crozier, W.; Daniel 
 Baker, C; Peter Case, I. G.; Norman Hate, 0. G. William Price is the only 
 charter member who is now a member of the Lodge. 
 
 The present officers are: William Price, N. G.; Andrew Wilson, V. G.; 
 Thomas Simons, Secretary; E. M. White, P. S.; H. C. Haeberle, Treasurer; 
 L. S. House, Henry Harger and L. Terpenning, Trustees. 
 
 Work on the foundation of the building now owned by this Lodge was com- 
 menced in the Fall of 1874. The contract for the brick work was let to Was- 
 8on & Cousins, May 14, 1877. May 5, 1877, Ward White was chosen Build- 
 ing Agent, and remained such until the completion of the building, which was 
 located on Lot 12, Block 4, and cost $3,000. 
 
 The Lodge meets every Saturday evening. 
 
 The following paragraph came to the knowledge of the historian too late 
 for insertion in its proper place : 
 
 " An Act to appoint a Commissioner to perfonn certain duties in Delaware 
 County," approved Jan. 22, 1853, appointed Thomas Helm a Commissioner, 
 with power to sell all or any of the unsold and unappropriated town lots of the 
 town of Delhi, and expend the proceeds upon the Court House and Jail, or so 
 much thereof as he may deem necessary to complete the same, and for no other 
 purpose. 
 
 The records of the county do not indicate that Commissioner Helm crans- 
 acted a large amount of business. 
 
 NOTTINGHAM, OR EARLVILLE, 
 
 is situated on the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, in Oneida Township, thirty- 
 seven miles west of Dubuque. A Mr. Downer was the first to locate on the site of 
 what is now Nottingham, or Earlville. He came as early as 1851. His stay 
 was short, however, as, in 1852, he sold all he owned in this section to George 
 M. Earl, who, accompanied by Henry Bently, arrived that year. Mr. Bently 
 remained but a short time, when he, also, left, selling out to' Mr. Earl, who thus 
 became the owner of a very large tract of land, destined to be the site of a vil- 
 lage bearing his name. The next settler was Joel Seger, a carpenter, who came 
 in 1853. 
 
 In that year, the first school house — a frame — was built by him, in which 
 Benjamin Thorp, Jr., was the first teacher. From the time" of Mr. Seger's 
 arrival, there were no new comers to locate on the town site until 1857, when 
 the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Avas pushed west as far as this point. That 
 year, there were a great number of arrivals, and the town was laid out by G. M. 
 Earl, W. N. Pitkin and the Railroad Company, who, with the consent of the 
 residents, named the place Nottingham, in honor of one of their largest stock- 
 holders. That name it continued to bear for almost a year, when, as there was 
 another Nottingham in the State, the post office was changed to Earlville by 
 the Government, and soon after the Railroad Company adopted that name for 
 the station ; the name of the town, however, is Nottingham, and so appears in 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 521 
 
 all official papers, to which is generally added the words "known as Earlville," 
 and, in 1861, Judge Bailey enforced the name "Nottingham," by an order of 
 the County Court. 
 
 December 10, 1857, the first train arrived at Earlville. The passenger 
 depot had already been erected and arrangements made to facilitate the ship- 
 ment of produce eastward. This was the western terminus of the road for about 
 two years. During that time, the town grew rapidly, and business was very 
 active. 
 
 The first store was erected by Benjamin Thorp, Sr., who opened in the 
 Spring of 1857, followed soon after by F. Bates, the upper story of whose build- 
 ing was used as a hall. 
 
 Soon after the completion of the railroad this far, Earlville became one of 
 the leading grain markets west of the Mississippi. The first warehouse was 
 built by B. Thorpe, in 1858. It is still standing in excellent condition. Mr. 
 Thorpe's example was soon followed by others, and two more small warehouses 
 were erected ; but, in 1861, this had become such an important grain market 
 that the capacity of these buildings were entirely inadequate, and an elevator, 
 the third built along the line of the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, was built 
 by J. S. Harris and Jo. Deiley, with a capacity of 10,000 bushels. In 1864, 
 Josiah Tilson became the owner, and the management of the elevator was con- 
 ducted by him up to 1875, when it was purchased by the present owners, L. G. 
 Hersey & Co., who also own another large elevator, which has a capacity of 
 15,000 bushels. This elevator was built in 1875, on the foundations of one that 
 had been prostrated by a terrific tornado whicli passed over the town that Sum- 
 mer without, fortunately, doing any further damage. The original building was 
 put up by the same firm in 1869. 
 
 In the Spring of 1871, Albert Sims, who, at that time, owned an elevator 
 and considerable other property at Earlville, started a gift enterprise for the 
 purpose of realizing on his assets. Half or two-thirds of the tickets were sold 
 and the drawing took place, Mr. Sims' unsold tickets being alloAved to go in, by 
 which arrangement he was enabled to draw back the elevator and some other 
 property. Despite this apparent good fortune, the prize was no advantage to 
 him, for too much money had been squandered in the expense of pushing the 
 enterprise, and it was generally believed that Sims' agent made excellent wages. 
 
 The shipment of grain, stock and produce has been, and continues to be, an 
 important feature in the business of the town. The sale of farm machinery is 
 also a source of considerable revenue to the business community. 
 
 BUSINESS INTERESTS. 
 
 The present business status, with the time of their establishment, is as 
 follows : 
 
 Dry Goods and General Merchandise — Grosby & Summersides, 1877 ; 
 Hersey, Potter k Co., 1877. 
 
 Groceries, Boots and Shoes — I. E. Eldridge, May, 1877. 
 
 Agricultural Implements — G. W. Harper, 1867; Fox Bros., February, 
 1878. 
 
 Harness Makers — Hiram Pierce, October, 1875 ; E. L. Winston, March, 
 1870. 
 
 Shoemakers — S. W. Cheney, 1874. 
 
 Hardware — George Stachle, 1872. 
 
 Wagon and Carriage Makers — Shubert & Hess, April, 1870 ; Young k 
 Otis, 1872. 
 
522 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Blacksmith — D. Guudman, 1876. 
 Furniture — F. Werkmeister, December, 1872. 
 Jeweler — Wm. Everton, 1858. 
 
 Drugf/ists—J. S. Harris, 1870; Van Valkenburgh, 1866; M. Fuller, 
 March, ISOD. 
 
 Plii/sician — S. Haskell, 1865. 
 
 Millinery — Mrs. S. Haskel, September, 1874. 
 
 Dressmaker — Amanda Hall, September, 1874. 
 
 Tailor— John H. Maack, April, 1875. 
 
 Cooper— R. E. Martin, May, 1878. 
 
 Butcher — Adam Yoit, 1871. 
 
 Liver ij— J. B. Taylor, 1871. 
 
 Xotary Public — J. H. Fuller, 1809 ; R. Zimmerman, 1871. 
 
 Saloons — John Carty, 1870 ; Wm. Devine, 1876. 
 
 Hats, Caps and Notions — A. L. Jones, May, 1875. 
 
 Newspaper — Earlville Record, 1878, J. A. & J. B. Mathews. 
 
 RELIGIOUS. 
 
 The first religious exercises held in this town was that of a Union Sabbath 
 School, organized by H. W. Pitkin, August, 1858, with ten scholars, in a 
 railroad passenger coach that laid over here on Sundays, this then being the 
 terminus of the road, and the privilege of using which was considerately granted 
 by the company to the residents, who at that time had no other desirable place 
 of meeting. The coach continued to be used regularly until the Fall of same 
 year, when Bates" Hall Avas substituted. 
 
 Then a library was established, and Sunday school papers furnished for the 
 first time. To defray the expenses of getting these, $500 had been raised by 
 voluntary contribution, and $5.00 more by the efforts of Miss Emma Deiley. 
 This Sunday school continued to meet here until the withdrawal of the Con- 
 gregational members, who had at that time built their church building, when it 
 was disbanded. 
 
 Congregational Church. — This denomination effected an organization Feb. 
 6, 1859, in Bates' Hall, by Rev. H. N. Gates, and was composed of the follow- 
 ing persons : George Perkins, Francis Bates, James G. Van Planck, Susan J. 
 Harris and Eliza J. Stowe. Dec. 28, 1866, the church edifice now used was 
 formally dedicated to the service of God, by Rev. Chas. Gibbs, the Pastor, 
 assisted by Rev. Jesse Guernsey, who preached the dedication sermon. The 
 exjtense of building the church was $-3,150, contributed as follows : Congrega- 
 tional Union. $500^; Horace W. Pitkin, $500; George M. Earl, $100 and the 
 lot ; B. Thorpe, Ji-., $100. The balance, amounting to $2,157, was raised by 
 subscription. A handsome donation of a silver communion service was made 
 to tlie church in 1875, by Jeremiah Campbell. In 1875. an addition of sixteen 
 feet in front was built to the church, for a belfry and conference room. The 
 Pastor now in charge is Rev. J. M. Bowers, who' located here Dec. 23, 1877. 
 The present church oflficersare: Deacons, Maj. G. H. Morrisey,J. S. Harris: 
 Trustees, T. G. Hersey, Charles Shull ; J. S. Harris, Clerk. 
 
 M. E. CJiureh. — There are no early records of this church in existence. 
 The organization was effected in Bates Hall, about the same time that the Con- 
 gregationalists organized, in February, 1859. With the exception of a short 
 time when meetings were held in the school house, they continued to worship 
 where organized, until the completion of their present church edifice. The 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 523 
 
 Building Committee of this house were; J. B. Taylor, J. Deiley and one other, 
 not a member of the church, whose name is now forgotten. 
 
 The dedication of the church occurred March 22, 1868, on which occasion 
 the sermon was preached by Rev. Mr. Eddy, of Chicago. 
 
 Rev. Eugene Ketchum, whose pastorate began in October, 1876, is the 
 present Pastor of the church. The officers are W. C. Coe, J. R. Williams, Will- 
 iam Ede, J. Deiley and W. G. Sandercock, Trustees ; W. H. Martin, J. R. 
 Williams, Stewards. 
 
 Services are held in the morning of each Sabbath. There is a vigorous and 
 well attended Sunday school connected with the church. The officers are N. 
 H. Marten, Superintendent ; J. R. Williams, Assistant, and Hattie Everton, 
 Treasurer. 
 
 G-erman Lutheran Churcli, organized June, 1873, by Rev. J. Christ, in 
 Exchange Hall, Avith Daniel Raforth, Henry Young, C. Klaus, Trustees, and a 
 membership of 12 families. The church in which this congregation now meets 
 is a neat frame structure, 22x40 feet. The work of building it was commenced 
 in the Spring of 1875. Rev. S. De Young, John Young, F. Werkmeister were 
 the Building Committee. The dedication services by Rev. John Bucka, the 
 present Pastor, occurred in August, 1875. John Young, Christian Klaus, 
 Daniel Raforth, are the church Deacons at this time. 
 
 Services are held each Sunday morning at 10:45. An efficient Sunday 
 school, the Superintendent of which is the Pastor, meets just previous to the 
 morning worship. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 In all matters pertaining to education, Nottingham, "known as Earlville," is 
 recognized as one of thft foremost towns in the county. The early residents 
 were of that better class of settlers, who, reared in the older Eastern States, 
 where, as is well known, the facilities for acquiring an education are unsurpassed, 
 were enabled to at once and correctly comprehend the requirements necessary 
 for the proper education of their children. As early as 1859, they had dele- 
 gated C. C. Oilman, a practical workman, to erect a school house building, in 
 the construction of which, evidently, space, light and ventilation w^ere the con- 
 trolling principles. 
 
 No better evidence need be required to demonstrate the wisdom and foresight 
 of its projectors, than to state that although nineteen years have elapsed, since in 
 their pursuit of knowledge, children first assembled in the spacious building, it 
 is to-day perfectly adapted to the wants of the community, and, under the really 
 capable management of the present Principal, is in all respects a model school. 
 We have already mentioned who was the first teacher and when the first school 
 house was built. That school house continued to be used until the erection of 
 the present one, in which H. N. Gates, a Congregational minister, as Principal 
 and Mary Ellis, assistant, were the first teachers. 
 
 Earlville was included in Sub-district No. 9, of the township, up to October 
 31, 1865, when it became an independent district. 
 
 The school, as now conducted, has three departments. Higher, Intermediate 
 and Primary. The first is taught by the Principal, H. E. Stetson, and the 
 other two by Miss Hattie Smith and Miss Jennie Carter, respectively. With 
 the exception of the usual Summer and holiday recesses, school is held all the 
 year round. There is an attendance at present of 119, divided as follows : 34 
 in first grade, 40 in second grade, and 35 in primary department. 
 
524 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 Oneida Lodge No. 132^ I. 0. 0. F., was instituted in the school house, 
 April 25th, 1861, by Dept. G. M. Ira Graham, assisted by the following 
 officers from the Grand Lodge : Joseph Chapman, G. W. ; William Price, G. 
 M. ; S. G. Knee, G. Sec. ; Henry Harger, G. Treas. The first officers for per- 
 manent organization were elected by acclamation, as follows : M. A. Newcomb, 
 N. G. ; Wellington Russell, V. G. ; Edwin Griffin, Sec. ; Warner B. Robinson, 
 Treas. By ayrpointment : E. S. Parks, P. G. ; John Hoffman, R. S. ; W. S. 
 Todd, I. G. The initiated first evening were G. W. Harper, Addison Houser, 
 and H. W. Goodell. 
 
 A special meeting was held on the 27th of the same month, and appoint- 
 ments made by G. M. for all vacant offices. 
 
 The officers for 1878 are Henry Hulbert, N. G. ; William Kenney, V. G. ; 
 J. E. Wheelock, Sec. ; M. V. Newcomb, P. S. ; John Midland, Treas. Ap- 
 pointed : J. H. Fuller, R. S., and J. Deiley, L. S. to N. G. ; V. G. Beach, 
 Warden; William Everton, Conductor; H. B. White, R. S. S. ; L. L. Pierce, 
 L. S. S. ; E. Hulbert, I. G. ; J. J. Burlett, 0. G. ; C. Schubert, R. S., and 
 L. AVheelock. Sr., L. S. to V. G. 
 
 The membership at present is about 85. A handsome frame building and 
 the lot on which it is located are owned by this body. The lower portion is 
 rented for store purposes. The hall, the approach to which is by a wide side 
 staircase, consists of the whole upper story. In size and finish it is one of the 
 finest lodge rooms in the State. Dedicated October 3, 1877, it has since been 
 used as the place of meeting for this and all other secret organizations in toAvn. 
 
 Earlville EncampmenU No. 5.9.— Instituted April 10, 1878, by J. T. Ab- 
 bott, D. D., in Odd Fellows' Hall, with eighteen charter members. The following 
 were the officers elected: E. L. Morton, H. P.; William Everton, C. P. ; C. 
 Schubert, S. W. ; G. G. Williams, J. W. ; V. G. Beach, Sec. ; F. Werk- 
 meister, Treas. 
 
 MASONIC. 
 
 Square Lodge A., F. and A. M., No. £'5^.— Instituted U. D. by W. P. Allen, 
 D. G. M., March 17, 1870, in the Odd Fellows' Hall. The installation of the 
 following officers, which constituted the entire number of charter members, oc- 
 curred at the time of organizing : W. P. Cummings, W^. M. ; J. D. Deiley, S. 
 W. ; C. T. Stever, J. W. ; J. W. Penn, S. D. ; N. W. Clark, J. D. ; Nelson 
 Clark, Treas. ; A. S. R. Reynolds, Sec. ; E. Turner, Tyler ; George McKee, 
 
 The elective officers for 1878, are J. Cruise, Jr., W. M. ; H. Nietert, S. 
 W. ; J. Deiley, J. W. ; W. W. Shaw, Sec. ; Jacob Kleespies, Treas. 
 
 The present membership is about 40. Meet in Odd Fellows' Hall first 
 Monday on or before full moon. 
 
 A. 0. OF u. AV. 
 
 Franklin Lodge, A. 0. U. TF., No. i^c9.— Instituted by W. H. Burford, 
 D. D., in old Odd Fellows' Hall, August 8, 1877, with sixteen charter mem- 
 bers, and the following officers : L. G. Hersey, P. M. W. ; George Staehle, 
 M. W. ; E. Iloaly, F. ; G. W. Harper, 0.; R. II. Van Wagener, Recorder; 
 I. E. Eldridge, Financier ; John Young, Receiver ; II. J. Nietert, G. ; E. P. 
 Gaines, I. W. ; H. B. White, 0. W. Membership for 1878, twenty-two. 
 Officers : George Staehle, P. M. W. ; E. Ilealy, M. W. ; George W. Harper, 
 F. ; S. Haskin, 0. ; R. H. Van Wagener, Recorder ; H. B. White, G. ; I. E. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 525 
 
 Eldridge, Financier ; John Young, Receiver ; John Maack, I. W. ; A. Otto, 
 0. W, ; L. G. Hersey, Representative to G. L. Meets first and third Tues- 
 days of each month. 
 
 I. 0. OF G. T. 
 Earlville Lodge, I. 0. G. T., No. — . — Organized by W. G. McLaughlin, 
 Dept. W. G. C, with thirty-eight charter members, and the following officers: 
 Robert M. Healy, W. C. f. ; Mrs. M. A. Wheeler, W. V. T. ; Levi Douglass, 
 Secretary ; Ida Coe, Assistant Secretary ; Mrs. L. G. Hersey, Treasurer ; Geo. 
 W. Harper, Financial Secretary ; S. Knickerbocker, Chaplain ; E. L. Morton, 
 Marshal; Laura Box, Assistant Marshal; Mrs. A. J. Harper, R. H. S. ; Mrs. 
 A. 0. Healy, L. H. S. ; J. R. Williams, L. D. The present (1878) officers 
 are : W. H. Martin, W. C. T. ; Ida Coe, W. V. T. ; Charles Currier, Secre- 
 tary ; William Crosby, Financial Secretary ; Jennie Keys, Treasurer ; Amand 
 M. Hall, Chaplain ; Adam Schaller, M. ; Eva Cummings, A. M. ; Alice 
 Bailey, I. G. ; Augustus Jamison, 0. G. ; Jessie Wheeler, R. H. S. ; Nellie J. 
 Ketchum, L. H. S. ; George Harper, L. D. 
 
 EARLVILLE CEMETERY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Organized May 23, 1863. The affairs of this Association are managed by 
 five Trustees, two of whom are elected annually. Originally, there were but 
 three, as follows : F. W. Dunham, J. S. Harris, Josiah Deiley. The five now 
 holding office are: L. G. Hersey, George H. Morisey, J. S. Harris, Josiah 
 Deiley, Enoch Cummings. 
 
 The grounds of this Association consists of four acres, adjoining town plat 
 on the east. For the purposes intended, a more desirable site would be hard to 
 find. The inclosed land is situated on a slight eminence, and has been taste- 
 fully laid out in lots, and adorned with evergreens and shrubbery, which makes 
 what would be the otherwise unattractive final resting place an ornament to the 
 town. Any one may become a member of this Association by subscribing to 
 the articles of incorporation and purchasing a lot. 
 
 HOTEL. 
 
 The Earlville House was one of the first buildings erected in Earlville. It 
 was built in 1857. Since then, there has been additions to the original struc- 
 ture, so that now it is a commodious and well arranged hotel. The property is 
 owned by Asa Wheeler and Mrs. M. A. Wheeler. The office is in charge of 
 this amiable lady's nephew, Spencer M. Wheeler. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 [Oneida Township.) 
 
 The only town on the line of the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad, in Dela- 
 ware County, in which the Iowa Land Company was not directly interested, is 
 the little town of Delaware, in the southwest part of Oneida Township, on Sec- 
 tion 32 — 89 — 4. The Davenport & St. Paul Railroad crosses the Dubuque & 
 Sioux City road at this point. 
 
 The first settlements in this vicinity were made in 1852, when John Hefner, 
 W. M, Hefner, J. P. Ball, John P. Fear and D. M. Smith, wVth their families, 
 located in this part of Township 89 — 4, including in their purchases the future 
 site of Delaware. 
 
 When the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad was completed through the county, 
 in 1859, for the accommodation of the people of Delhi, the company established 
 
526 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 a Station here, provided the people would furnish depot ground and build the 
 depot, and the town of Delaware was laid out by Frederick B. Doolittle, John 
 Hefner, J. P. Ball and Geo. Watson. The surveying was done in the Fall and 
 Winter of 1859-60, and the plat was recorded March 10, 1860. 
 
 W. M. Hefner was first Station Agent at Delaware, and opened the first 
 store in the new town, probably in 1860, using a part of the depot building for 
 store purposes. The first house on the town plat was built by Hefner & Ball, 
 in the Winter and Spring of 1860, and opened as a hotel by Mr. Ball, under 
 the name of the " Delaware Centre House." The house is still standing, and 
 is now known as the " Ames House. 
 
 For a year or two, the town increased rapidly, but attained nearly its pres- 
 ent size in 1862-3. The Davenport & St. Paul Railroad, built in 1872-3, 
 crosses the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central at this point, but has not proved 
 to be of any material advantage to the town, the connections between the roads 
 being very remote. 
 
 BUSINESS INTERESTS. 
 
 The first elevator in Delaware was erected by R. Boon and F. B. Doolittle, 
 in 1861. Its capacity is about 4,000 bushels. Mr. Boon is now the sole 
 owner. 
 
 About 1870, Mr. Boon built another and larger elevator, having a capacity 
 of about 8,000 bushels. 
 
 Stores were started at various times by various parties, among whom Al. 
 Thorpe, J. Deiley, I. E. Eldredge and R. Phelps, and about 1873-4 the Dela- 
 ware County Grange Company opened a variety store. In 1878, the business 
 interests of the town are summed up as follows : 
 
 Drugs and Sundries — Stringham & Carlin, 1872. 
 
 Hotel — Ames House; N. 0. Ames, Proprietor, 1874. 
 
 Physician— R. H. Pierce, M. D., 1876. 
 
 MUlinerji — Miss Benson, 1878. 
 
 Shoemaker — B. M. Gardner, 1867. 
 
 Livery Stables — C. S. Austin, 1877 ; Moses Benson, 1877. 
 
 Creamery — Moore & Session. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 Prior to 1863, a small building east of the town was used for school pur- 
 poses, but in that year a small frame school house was built on Lots 307 and 
 317, by T. F. Ilorton and Gilmore Engle. The first school in the new school 
 house was taught by Mr. J. D. Eddy. 
 
 RELIGIOUS. 
 
 First Baptist Church. — This church was organized in January. 1865, at the 
 house of D. Greaves, by Rev. J. Carrington. Its membership was as follows : 
 Francis Robinson, George Chamberlain, Mercy Chamberlain, Clarissa Wood, 
 Mary Phillips, Marcella C ]*)Oon, D. M. Root. Soon after, twelve more were 
 received, and Joseph S. Hunt and Richard Boon were elected Deacons. In 
 1866, the Society determined to erect a church building, and appointed R. 
 Phillips, D. Greaves and George Chamberlain a Building Committee. Tlie 
 building was completed and dedicated as a house of worship in 1867, the dedi- 
 catory services being conducted by Rev. Milton Whitehead. The present Pas- 
 tor is Rev. H. D. Weaver; Deacons, J. S. Hunt and Richard Boon; Directors, 
 K. lioon. C. S. Harvey and Delos Gillespie. 
 
toy? 
 
 ^^yfx^ 
 
 HOPKINTON 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 529 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. — Organized in the school house with seven 
 members, in 1866, by Rev. Mr. Thompson. The first class leader was R. 
 Oould ; Trustees, D, M. Smith, President ; J. Meader, Secretary, and C. S. 
 Austin. The Methodist Church was erected in 1876 ; dedicated March 18, 
 1877, by Rev. D. Sheffer, D. D. Present Pastor, Rev. E. Ketchum ; Trus- 
 tees, D. M. Smith, J. Meader and B. Enos. Membership, thirty-five. 
 
 PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. 
 
 Delaware Grange, No. 9S0, P. of H., organized Feb. 24, 1873. Charter 
 members, C. S. Austin, VVm. Horsnell, K. W. Kingsley, J. S. Hunt, Delos 
 Gillespie, M. F. Hunt, L. E. Beebe, William Ball, C. B. Lont, R. Boon, Mrs. 
 M. A. Boon, Mrs. C. D. Kingsley, Mrs. M. F. Gillespie, Geo. W. Long, Mrs. 
 Mary Hunt, Mrs. Harriet Lont, M. Pierce, S. Horsnell, E. Mandeville, John 
 Meader, Mrs. Jane Horsnell, Mrs. Cornelia Hunt, Mrs. Belinda Austin and 
 Mrs. C. S. Beebe. The ofllicers were elected as follows : Master, William 
 Ball ; Overseer, L. E. Beebe ; Lecturer, K. W, Kingsley ; Steward, M. Pierce ; 
 Treasurer, R. Boon ; Secretary, C. B. Lont ; Ceres, Mrs. C S. Beebe ; Pomona, 
 Mrs. C. D. Kingsley ; Flora, Mrs. Mary Hunt. 
 
 Masters, William Ball, 1873-4-5 ; C. B. Lont, 1876-7-8 ; Overseers, L. 
 E. Beebe, 1873 ; C. B. Lont, 1874-5 ; M. F. Hunt, 1876 ; C. T. Fitzsimmons, 
 1877-8. 
 
 The officers for 1878 are : Master, C. B. Lont : Overseer, C. T. Fitzsim- 
 mons ; Lecturer, George H. McKee ; Steward, M. Pierce ; Assistant Steward, 
 R. Lampson ; Chaplain, J. S. Hunt; Treasurer, J. G. Angell; Secretary, Wm. 
 Ball ; Gate Keeper, William Horsnell; Ceres, Mrs. C. B. Lont ; Pomona, Mrs. 
 C. T. Fitzsimmons ; Flora, Mrs. Wm. H. Long ; Lady Assistant Steward, Mrs. 
 Jane Horsnell. Present membership, thirty -four. 
 
 I. 0. OF G. T. 
 
 Delaware Lodge, No. 2;39, I. 0. of G. T., was instituted December 14, 
 1877, in the Methodist Cliurch, by Rev. S. Knickerbocker, with thirty-eight 
 charter members. The first officers elected and installed were : Rev. H. D. 
 Weaver, W. C. T. ; Mrs. M. A. Chapel, W. V. T. ; H. A. Hollister, W. R. S.; 
 Miss Rosa Austin, W. F. S. ; M. F. Hunt, W. T. ; 11. L Wasson, W. M. ; 
 Mrs. R. Phelps, W. C. ; Miss Libbie Collins, W. I. G. ; C. M. Austin, P. W. 
 
 C. T. ; Wm. Wasson, W. L. D. The officers. May, 1878, are Rev. H. D. 
 Weaver, W. C. T. ; Mrs. M. Chapel, W. V. T. ; Geor^^e W. Hunt, W. R. S. ; 
 Rosa Austin, W. F. S. ; M. F. Hunt, W. T. ; Mrs. R. Boon, W. C. ; George 
 
 D. Fanner, W. M. ; Miss Flora Kratzer, W. I. G. ; Wm. Thompson, W. 0. G. 
 Present membership, sixty-three. 
 
 A. 0. OF u. w. 
 
 Oneida Lodge, No. 69, A. 0. of U. W., was instituted March 27, 1876, in 
 Boon's Hall, by W. H. Hohnan, with twenty-four charter members. First 
 officers were: I. A. Stringham, M. W. ; David Greaves, P. M. W. ; J. S. 
 Knowles, F. ; William W. Hefner, 0. ; Joseph Simons, Recorder ; Chailes 
 Carlin, Financier; D. Brown, Receiver; C. P. Dunton, G. Present 
 officers: W. M. Hefner, M. W. ; I. A. Stringham, P. M. W. ; A. Knicker- 
 bocker, F. ; J. F. Sisson, 0. ; F. Marshall, Recorder ; J. S. Knowles, Receiver ; 
 D. J. Paris, Financier; Hiram D. Brown, G. 
 
530 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 The Delaivare Cheese Company was organized April, 1866, William M,. 
 Hefner, President; A. A. Enos, Vice President; J. A. Garfield, Treasurer; K. 
 W. Kincsley, Secretary. A large building was erected and the factory wa& 
 successfully' operated by the company until 1871, when it exchanged the 
 property for a farm, and James. P. Ball became proprietor, who continued the 
 business about a year, when the building passed into the ownership of J. S. 
 Knowles and was converted into a stable. 
 
 The Delaware Manufacturmg Cowz^aw?/ organized July, 1866, with a paid- 
 up capital of ^4,000, for the purpose of erecting a planing-mill. The manage- 
 ment of the aftairs of the company was vested in a Board of Directors, of which 
 L. E. Beebe was President ; J. S. Knowles, Secretary, and R. Boon, Treas- 
 urer. Town Lots 1^80 to 286 and 522 to 540 inclusive were purchased ; the mill 
 was built and commenced operation January 1, 1867. In 1870, the experiment 
 was pronounced a failure, and the property was sold to L. E. Beebe. In 
 March, 1875, Mr. Beebe removed the machinery and converted the building 
 into a creamery, at an expense of about $1,400; and during that year, 14,000 
 pounds of butter were made by John Stewart and L. E. Beebe. In 1876-7, 
 Mr. Beebe managed the business alone ; but in 1878, leased the premises to- 
 Messrs. Moore & Sisson. 
 
 The Delaware Improvement Company was organized March 14, 1874, with 
 a paid-up capital of $4,000, for the purpose of developing the resources of the 
 town. The corporators were: Richard Boon, J. S. Knowles, I. E. Eldredge, 
 B. M. Gardner, J. P. Ball, Ira Mallory, J. W. Bateman, J. H. Brown, C. 
 Nietert, Wm. M. Hefner, T. F. Horton, D. Greaves, L. E. Beebe, J. S. Paris, 
 William Ball, E. L. Meader, William Horsnell, William Wasson, Mary Hefner 
 and Ann M. Wilcox. 
 
 The first Board of Trustees were : L. E. Beebe, Josiah Deiley and R. Boon. 
 J. II. BroAvn. Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 The company built a two-story brick building, in which the Grange store 
 was opened on the first floor, with a hall in the second story, now known as 
 " Boon's Hall." The present members are: R. Boon, Rev. W. M. Hefner, L. 
 E. Beebe ; J. H. Brown, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 GREELEY. 
 
 {Elk Township.) 
 
 The date of the first settlements made in Township 90, Range 4, are some- 
 what uncertain, but from the best and most reliable information now accessible, it 
 appears that Richard T. Barrett was one of the first to locate in this township, 
 on the prairie on the east side of the township, piior to 1842. He was one of 
 the first tax-payers in 1842, and paid $4, indicating that he had been here 
 some time when the tax was assessed. 'Squire Stancliife was among the earliest 
 setth-rs. He located on Section 1. He was one of the first Justices of the 
 Peace in the township, as was also Benjamim Laken. 
 
 About 1846, James Stalnaker and McLain located on Section 29. 
 
 Stalnaker built a log cabin nearly half a mile east of the present town of 
 Greeley, on the old Territorial road from Dubuque to Camp Atkinson. These 
 men remained but a short time, and in 1847 sold their claim to Samuel 
 
 Lough. Grant Stebbins and Balch located here about the same time. 
 
 Afterward, Elias Hutton settled near Lough on the same section, near a spring 
 which is one of the sources of Plum Creek, hence called Plum Spring. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 531 
 
 October 30, ] 844, a post oflfice was established at this point, sailed Plum 
 Spring, and Elias Hutton appointed Postmaster. The office was kept in a 
 building now removed, which stood a little south of the town plat. 
 
 In the Fall of 1854, Charles S. Taylor built a house about half a mile east 
 of Mr. Lough's, it is said with the understanding that a town was to be laid out 
 there. This was the first house erected on the town plat, which was surveyed 
 March 24, 1855, by J. A. Marvin, Samuel Lough proprietor. Mr. Lough was 
 an ardent admirer of Horace Greeley, and named the new town in honor of the 
 Tribune philosopher. At this time, the question of locating the Dubuque & 
 Pacific Railroad through the county was agitating the people, and the founder 
 of Greeley hoped that if Delhi should lose it the road might be located further 
 north, near the line of the military road, and that the incipient town of Greeley 
 might become a station for that railroad. 
 
 Early in March, William Cattron purchased Taylor's house, and took a deed 
 of Lots 5 and 6, Block 1, from Mr. Lough, which was the first sale of lots in the 
 new town. The Taylor House was on Lot 5, and Mr. Cattron built a store on 
 Lot 6, immediately after his arrival, and opened a stock of goods in it as soon 
 as it could be finished. 
 
 Next after Mr. Cattron, J. B. Taylor, H. C. Drybread, Miss Lizzie White 
 and others, built houses on this plat. 
 
 In 1863, the name of the post office was changed to Greeley. The town, 
 however, did not increase in population very rapidly for some years, until the 
 location of the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad was made, in 1870-71, passing 
 about fifteen rods south of the original town plat. The railroad was completed 
 in 1873. In 1872, Horace White built the White House, the first hotel in 
 Greeley ; but for several years previous to this time, i\.bram Parliman had kept 
 tavern at his farm house on the Lough farm, east of the town. In 1873, Dr. 
 M. Blodgett built the Blodgett House. 
 
 The completion of the railroad was of material advantage to Greeley, o-ave 
 it a new impetus, and it is now a thriving village ol several hundred inhabitants. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 A school house was built by subscription on the southwest corner of north- 
 east quarter of Section 30. This is said to have been the first school house in 
 the township. The first school in this house was taught by Emma Wood. The 
 first school house in Greeley, then Sub-district No. 2, was built by C. S. Taylor, 
 contractor, on the southwest quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 29, 
 and was completed in the Spring of 1857, and the first school was immediately 
 commenced by —— . This building is still standing, but is unused. 
 
 April 11, 1875, the Independent School District of Greeley was organized. 
 The officers then elected were H. C. Drybread, L. H. Keyes, George Griffith, 
 Directors. At the meeting of the Board, held on the same day, H. C. Dry- 
 bread was elected President; L. H. Keyes, Secretary, and James Wilson, 
 Treasurer. Soon after, plans and specifications by B. F. Morgan, for the new 
 school house, were accepted, and the contract for its erection awarded to Jerome 
 Baker July 4, 1875, who completed it that Fall. School was opened the same 
 season, with two teachers, D. A. Ham, Principal, and Jennie R. Carter, Assist- 
 ant. The present teachers are G. H. Odell, Principal, and Alice L. Waite, 
 Assistant. 
 
 RELIGIOUS. 
 
 The Universalist Society/ was organized Dec. 28, 1865, at the residence of 
 J. Baker. C. S. Taylor was elected President ; L. H. Keyes, Clerk ; J. S. 
 
o32 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Drybread, W. D. Jenkins, T. J. Armstrong, Lemuel Parker and Joseph 
 Vauc^han, Trustees ; M. Jenkins, Collector. The society built a church in 
 1868 ; C'. S. Taylor, contractor. The present Trustees are J. S. Drybread, J. 
 Baker, Benjamin Pinkley ; C. S. Taylor, Clerk; James Pinkley, Treasurer. 
 Rev. Joy Bishop was the first Pastor. The pulpit is now occupied every alter- 
 nate Sabbath by Rev. J. N. Hicks, of Strawberry Point. 
 
 Christian Church. — This church is older than the town of Greeley, having 
 been organized at the " Cooper School House," two miles east of the town, 
 June 15, 1851, Rev. John Martindale, Pastor, and members as follows: Mrt 
 and Mrs. H. C. Drybread, James Roe, Mrs. J. Roe, David Martindale, Robert 
 Overocker and Job Gildersleeve. After some additional members had been 
 admitted. Job Odell and John Fosselman Avere chosen Elders, and E. Hutton 
 and S. Talcott, Deacons. The services of this church were held in school and 
 private houses until 1867, when the society erected the church building it now 
 occupies. The Rev. and venerable John Martindale, after over twenty-five 
 years of fiiithful service and devotion to the interests of the church, was at 
 last compelled by the infirmities of age to resign his position. Since then the 
 pulpit has been occupied in turn by Rev. W. M. Roe, John Eucell, and by Rev. 
 John Smith, the present Pastor. The present Elders are Job Odell, John 
 Fosselman and Augustus Davis ; Deacons, H. C. Drybread, Dr. M. C. Cannon, 
 Elias Way, David Martindale and L. B, Sargent. 
 
 The Catholic Church at Greeley was built in 1874. The first services were 
 held by Rev. M. Quirk, May, 1875. Father Quirk remained until October, 
 when he was succeeded by Rev. B. Coyle, who continued until the Winter of 
 1877-8. Rev. John Hackett is the present officiating Priest. 
 
 MASONIC. 
 
 Tadmer Lodge, No. 325, A., F. and A. M., was instituted U, D. November 
 15, 1867, by P. M. W. H. Neitert, in Baker's Hall. Charter granted June 
 3, 1868. The first officers elected and installed were J. H. Neitert, W. M. ; 
 W. D. Jenkins, S. W. ; John Drybread, J. W. ; John Corell, Treas. ; Luther 
 H. Keyes, Sec. ; Jerome Baker, S. D. ; Timothy Baker, J. D. ; Lewis Wells, 
 Tyler. 
 
 OSicers for 1878: H. R. Lillibridge, W. M. ; A.L. Baldwin, S. W. ; 
 James Fowler, J. W. ; John Edmunds, Treas. ; C. Engel, Sec. ; J. M. Jen- 
 kins, S. D. ; B. Pinkley, J. D. ; S. H. Seeley, Tyler. Present membership, 44. 
 
 A. 0. OF u. w. 
 
 ^■' Greeley Lodge, No. —, A. 0. of U. TT.— Instituted April 28, 1876, by 
 W. H. Holman, D. D., in Redden's Hall, with twelve charter members. The 
 first officers were L. H. Keyes, M. W. ; Charles Taylor, P. M. W. ; J. Baker, 
 F. ; James Wilson, 0. ; C. Engel, Rec. ; J. M. Potts, Financier; William Red- 
 den, Receiver; J. P. James, G. ; J. Martin, I. W. ; A. Alamand, 0. W. 
 
 Meetings weekly in Masonic Hall since May, 1877. 
 
 Present officers : C. Engel, P. M. W. ; W. C. McCannon, M. W. ; J. P. 
 James, F. ; T. B. Campbell, 0. ; J. Baker, G. ; S. B. Gilmore, Recorder ; J. 
 Wilson, Receiver. 
 
 BUSINESS OF 1878. 
 
 General Merchandise. — S. B. Gilmore k Bro., 1877 ; Drybread & Co., 
 1S75: James Wilson, 1873. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 533 
 
 Hardware. — J. P. James, 1876. 
 
 Boots and Shoes. — Jenkins & Burbridge, 1878. 
 
 Druggists and Apothecaries. — L. E. Ward, 1872 ; J. B. Robison, 1875. 
 
 Agricultural Implemeiits. — James & Vaughn. 
 
 Meat Market.— E. L. Sweet, 1873. 
 
 Harness Maker. — Thomas Evans, 1874. 
 
 Cahinet Maker. — Jerome Baker. 
 
 Blacksmiths.— Y). Ferguson, 1876 ; N. G. Wells, 1876. 
 
 Hotels. — Greeley House. M. Blodgett, proprietor, 1873 ; White House, H. 
 White, proprietor, 1872. 
 
 Elevator. — Greeley Elevator, H. C. Drybread, proprietor, built 1872 ; 
 capacity, 12,000 bushels. 
 
 Brass Band. — Greeley Cornet Orchestra, George Drybread, Leader ; organ- 
 ized 1878. 
 
 Notary Public. — M. Blodgett. 
 
 Physicians. — William F. Davis, Dr. McCannon. 
 
 COLESBURG AND COLONY. 
 
 {Colony Toionship.) 
 
 The early history of the " C(*lony," which for years was one of the most 
 important points in Delaware, is included in the General History of the County 
 and need not be repeated here, save to record some additional information re- 
 ceived since that portion of the work went to press. 
 
 There is a tradition that years before Gilmore, Moreland and others came, in 
 1839, some hunters and trappers named Van Sickle, had a trapper's cabin on 
 or near the present sites of the towns of Colesburg and Colony. It is said that 
 the Van Sickles lived among the Indians and one of them had an Indian wife, 
 which was not an unfrequent occurrence among the early trappers. Nor would 
 it be strange if this were true. Julien Dubuque settled near the mouth of 
 Catfish Creek in 1788, and it is but reasonable to suppose that white trappers 
 and hunters traversed these prairies long before the first settlements were made. 
 It is also stated that when Mr. Morelands colony came, in 1839, there came 
 with him, besides McMullen, McQuilkin and Reckner, three Bedford families, 
 but they did not remain long. 
 
 Lawrence McNamee came in 1842, and purchased the claim of Wellington 
 Wiltse, on Section 4, Township 90 north. Range 3 west. This is said to have 
 been the first transfer of real estate in the township. The price paid was |1,000, 
 a large price for forty acres, when land equally as good could be bought for 
 $1.25 per acre, but it was the only land that could then be bought near which 
 there were school advantages. 
 
 Elizabeth Landis died in February 1843, and was the first death in this 
 settlement. The first white child born in the Colony settlement was Annis L. 
 Mallory, daughter of Horace Mallory, October 5, 1839, but this Avas in Clayton 
 County. 
 
 In 1846, Colony post office was established and David Moreland appointed 
 Postmaster. 
 
 August 15, 1848, the town of Colesburg was laid out, consisting of thirty 
 lots. The proprietors were Lawrence McNamee and Hiram Cole ; James Cole, 
 Surveyor ; and the plat is recorded " Cole's Burgh." The town is located on 
 the northeast quarter and part of the northwest quarter of Section 4. Directly 
 south of Cole's Burgh, and adjoining it, the town of Colony was laid out in 
 
534 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 1851, by David Moreland. These, although legally two towns, are practically 
 but one, the main street running through the center of each. But the post 
 office has been changed several times from Colony to Colesburg and vice versa. 
 
 It is stated that in the early years of the Colony settlement, David More- 
 land had some traps stolen by a squad of scalawags from Clayton County. 
 Moreland and Missouri Dickson started oif in pursuit and succeeded in 
 overhauling the thieves.' Before reaching the gang, however, Missouri told 
 Moreland he wanted to settle with the gang himself, and that if Moreland 
 interfered, he should be under the necessity of thrashing him. Missouri got 
 the traps. 
 
 The first building erected on the site of Colesburg was built by Hiram Cole 
 in 184(3, in which he opened the first store after Beerer, who had then left. 
 
 Mrs. Bliss says that Mr. John Bliss tracked three animals, he supposed were 
 bears, into a cave north of Colesburg, in 1849. He boldly entered the cavern, 
 but instead of bears found three panthers. " He was mad," says Mrs. Bliss; 
 " he had bargained the bears for f 15.00 and he could not bear the disappoint- 
 ment." He killed the panthers, however, and received his pay all the same. 
 
 About this time, Drake Nelson was found dead on the upper part of Elk 
 Creek. 
 
 In 1851, Jacob B. Moreland erected a building in Colony and opened a 
 store in 1851. He kept a full assortment of all kinds of goods wanted in the 
 country. He built up a large trade, which he continued to hold for many years, 
 until he became tired of being so closely confined to business and sold out and 
 retired to his farm, where he would have little to do but oversee his place and 
 enjoy the wealth with which he had been so bountifully blest, and doing what 
 he could to make others happy. 
 
 Mr. P. C. Bolsinger opened a general store in 1852, and is still in 
 business. 
 
 John V. Watson was the first lawyer to settle at Colesburg, date unknown. 
 
 Samuel G. Knee located here in 1855 and engaged in business as a carpen- 
 ter and builder ; enlisted as a private in the war of the rebellion ; came out 
 Lieutenant Colonel and engaged in trade. 
 
 In 1857, Bolsinger & Moreland built a steam flouring-mill, which, in 1867, 
 was purchased by James Caskey and James Cole, and subsequently Cole sold 
 his interest to Michael Stegner. In 1874, Mr. Stegner died and Mr. Caskey 
 became sole proprietor. This mill is what, in miller's parlance, is called a " two 
 run" mill, and its capacity is about fifty barrels a week. 
 
 The Colesburg pottery was built by David Roberts, in 1857. The building 
 was destroyed by fire in 1859, but was rebuilt in the same year, when E. Jones 
 became the owner. Afterward it was purchased by Stegner & Stillinger, who 
 sold to F. A. Grimes and R. C. Currie, the present proprietors, about 1871. 
 Grimes & Co. have made many valuable improvements. 
 
 The clay obtained here is peculiarly adapted to this kind of business. Wood 
 is obtained in abundance at very low figures. In a word, they have all the 
 faoilities for manufacturing a superior article as cheap as any factory in the 
 country. They employ ((uite a number of men. Very fine patterns of differ- 
 ent kinds of hanging baskets, jelly cups, bowls and other articles too numerous 
 to mention, all of which are very ably designed and perfect in finish are made 
 at this establishment. The proprietors intend to manufacture 100,000 flower 
 pots during 1S78. 
 
 Dr. R. Stedman established a cheese factory at Colesburg, about 1873, which 
 was successfully operated until 1877, when it was suspended. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 535 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 The first school house in the county was unquestionably built at the " Col- 
 ony," near the present site of Colesburg, but there are some differences of 
 opinion in relation to the precise date of its erection. Jacob B. Moreland, Esq., 
 states positively that a school house was built of logs in 1839 or 1840 ; that 
 Mrs. McClelland taught the first school in the Fall ; that the building was 
 burned about two months after school commenced ; that Mrs. McClelland after- 
 ward taught school in James Cole's cabin, and that in 1842 another school house 
 was built in which Maria Phillips taught the first school in the Summer of that 
 year. Hon. Joel Bailey's field notes of the survey of the school house lot of 
 one acre, April 8, 1842, is the only record to be found relating to the matter. 
 Judge Bailey states that he distinctly recollects a house built of round logs that 
 was standing on that lot when he made the survey, and he thinks it must have 
 heen built at least a year previous. Lawrence McNamee, Esq., and Silas Gil- 
 more, Esq., concur in the statement that the first school house was built in 1842 
 of hewed logs, and that Miss Phillips taught the first school in it, that Summer ; 
 that Mrs. McClelland taught in the same house in the Summer of 1843, and 
 that she did not apply for the school until that time ; that in the Winter of 
 1843-4, William Hall commenced a school, but before the term closed the build- 
 ing was burned, and Mr. Mallory's house, just over the line in Clayton County, 
 and, that from that time until another school house was erected in 1853, James 
 Cole's cabin was used for school purposes, and was called the old school house. 
 
 In the Summer of 1853, it is stated that a school house was built in the 
 Colesburg District by Augustus H. Mallory, contractor. In 1872, the present 
 commodious school house was erected by Messrs. Bolsinger k Knee, in which 
 John Kennedy was the first teacher. It is a fine graded school, and only first 
 class teachers are employed. In May, 1878, the teachers were A. G. Savage, 
 Principal, and Maggie Myers, Assistant. 
 
 RELIGIOUS. 
 
 The " Colony " is entitled to the honor of the first religious services in the 
 county, in 1839, when Simeon Clark, a worthy and eccentric man, and an 
 earnest exhorter of the Methodist persuasion. His principal occupation was 
 that of bee hunter, but while hunting for honey, he neglected no opportunity 
 for exercising his gift, and in 1839 held religious services at the " Colony " — 
 s6me authorities state in a log cabin occupied by several young men. The first 
 ordained minister to preach in the township is said to have been Rev. Barney 
 White. 
 
 Congregational Church. — This church was organized December 5, 1846, by 
 Rev. James Hill, in the old school house (J. Cole's cabin). The members were 
 J. A. Reed, John W. Potts, David Malvin, Mrs. Eliza Potts, Catharine Malvin, 
 Mary Black, Samuel Malvin and Sarah Malvin. At this meeting, J. A. Reed 
 was elected Moderator : J. W. Potts, Scribe (?) ; David Malvin and J. W. Potts, 
 Trustees ; D. Malvin, Clerk. The first Pastor was Rev. J. Hill, who remained 
 until 1847, when he was succeeded by Rev. E. V. Turner. 
 
 Having determined to build a church, on the 20th of May, 1848, John Brown, 
 Samuel Malvin and John F. Schunk were appointed a building committee to 
 superintend its erection. The building was located on Main street, about two 
 blocks north of the post office. The building was erected in 1848-9 ; was com- 
 pleted and dedicated by Rev. E. V. Turner, November 3, 1849. Mr. Turner 
 retired from the pastorate in 1854, and was succeeded by the Rev. M. Graves, 
 followed by Revs. Parlen and Mathews and Amos Jones, the present Pastor. 
 
536 HISTORY OF DELAAVARE COUNTY. 
 
 The old church building was sold in the Spring of 1867, to James M. Potts^ 
 who converted it into a dwelling house. It is now occupied by the Misses Jacks 
 as a millinery store. The Society rented the Cumberland Church, and occupied 
 it until November, 1875. Jurfe 19, 1874, the Society determined to erect a new 
 church, and appointed John D. Knee, Joseph Chapman, Bruce F. Cuniken, 
 William Gilmore, Samuel Peck and P. S. Malvin a building committee. The 
 building was completed and dedicated November 14, 1875, by the Pastor, Rev. 
 
 E. L. Mathews. Rev. Mr. Jones, the present Pastor, assumed charge of the 
 parish July 1, 1876. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in the school house near where 
 Colesburg now stands, in the Fall of 1842, by Rev. Barney White, assisted by 
 Rev. Simoon Clark. Thomas Cole (deceased) was first Class Leader, and John 
 Nagle and Missouri Dickson, Stewards. The first Board of Trustees were 
 George Gilmore, Henry Klaus, William Bragg, Hezekiah Hubbard and Perry 
 Perkins. In 1849, Rev. John L. Kelly was Pastor. The present church edi- 
 fice was built in 1849, and dedicated in the Fall of that year by Rev. Geo. B. 
 Bowman, and Rev. George Larkin became Pastor. The present Pastor, Rev. C. 
 
 F. McLean, took charge October, 1877. Present Trustees, Thomas Cole, Perry 
 Perkins, W. S. Page, I. N. Lockridge and E. L. McNamee. 
 
 The first M. E. Sunday School in connection with the church was organized 
 in the Summer of 1850, with Perry Perkins as Superintendent. Present Super- 
 intendent, Rev. E. L. McNamee. 
 
 TJie Catholic Churchy at Colesburg, built a church in April, 1857, during 
 the pastorate of Rev. Michael Lynch. Another and the present one was erected 
 in the Summer of 1877, Rev. Bernard Coyle, Pastor. 
 
 T.he Cumberland Presbyterian Church was built in 1859, and a congrega- 
 tion organized in March, 1860, with Rev. P. H. Crides as Pastor, and C. Bol- 
 singer, T. S. Davidson and P. C. Bolsinger, Trustees. Number of members^ 
 seventeen ; Elders, three. Succession of Pastors : Revs. L. L. Lorrimer, -J. 
 H. Milholland, J. H. Todd, B. Hall and S. M. Hunt. 
 
 I. 0. or 0. F. 
 
 Colony Lodge, 'No. 50, I. 0. of 0. F., was organized L^. D. August 17. 1853^, 
 by Alexander D. Anderson, G. M. The charter members of the lodge were S. 
 T. Dickson, Jacob B. Moreland, George W. Bush, John W. Strader, and Alonzo 
 H. Mallory. 
 
 The officers elected and installed September 16, 1853, were Jacob B. More- 
 land, N. G.; John W. Strader, V. G.; George W. Bush, Secretary ; Samuel T. 
 Dickson, Treasurer; John R. Jones, I. G.; A. H. Mallory, P. G. 
 
 Officers installed, January 1, 187"^, were John C. Wood, N. G.; Benjamin 
 Lindsay, V. G.; W. Chapman, Sec'y; C. A. Tobie, P. S.; Joseph Grimes, Treas.; 
 J. K. P. Bolsinger, 0. G.; Charles Westbrook, I. G.: James Knee, W.; T. J. 
 Lockridge, Con.; F. C. Nichols, R. S.; George Dickson, L. S. to N. G.; James 
 Prentice, R. S. and A. W. Rea, L. S. to V. G. Meetings every Saturday night. 
 
 MASONIC. 
 
 Constellation Lodge, No. 67, A., F. ^ A. M., organized U. D. August 22, 
 1855. The charter members were Israel Otis, J. A. Kooker, A. H. Eaton, P. C. 
 Bolsinger, Levi Shepard, D.G. Kindell, J. W. Clark, J.Wright and J. Mc Williams. 
 Israel Otis was installed W. M.; J. A. Hooker, S. W.; A. H. Eaton, J. W. 
 
 The officers for 1878 are S. G. Knee, W. M.; T. E. Everett, S. W.; R. C. 
 Currie, J. W.; J. B. Jacobs, Sec'y ; P. C. Bolsinger, Treas.; Thomas Lockridge, 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 537 
 
 S. D.; Amandus Rea, J. D.; G. W. Rea, Tiler: Steward Adams, S.; John 
 Piatt. 
 
 I. 0. OF U. W. 
 
 Banner Lodge, No. ISJf, A. 0. of U. W.. was instituted November 2, 1877, 
 in Odd Fellows' Hall, with fifteen charter members. The first officers were John 
 Piatt, P. M. W.; J. B. Jacobs, M. W.; F. A. Grimes, F.; J. B. Bush, 0.; R. C. 
 Currie, Recorder ; E. R. Latta, Financier ; Richard Wilson, Receiver ; William 
 Creglow, G.; J. D. Kerchheck, I. W.; D. A. Page, 0. W.; R. C. Currie, J. B. 
 Bush, E. R. Latta, Trustees. 
 
 Present officers : F. A. Grimes, M. W.; J. B. Bush, F.; Amos Jones, 0.; R. 
 C Currie, Recorder ; Wm. Creglow, Financier ; R. Wilson, Receiver ; E. L. 
 McNamee, G.; J. D. Kirchheck, I. W.; G. A. Mueller, 0. W.; J. B. Bush, E. 
 R. Latta, E. L. McNamee, Trustees. 
 
 THE FIRST ELECTION. 
 
 The first election in Colony Precinct was held on the first Monday in Au- 
 gust, 1841, when the people voted for location of the county seat and for county 
 officers. 
 
 .The Judges of the Election were appointed by the Dubuque County Com- 
 missioners, and were David Moreland, Thomas Cole and Missouri Dickson. 
 
 There are no records now accessible to show the number of votes thrown at 
 this election. 
 
 At the next general election, on the first Monday in August, 1842, Ezra 
 Hubbard, David Moreland and Wm. Montgomery were Judges of Election. 
 
 It cannot now be ascertained how many voters exercised the right of suffrage, 
 as the poll books are lost, if indeed any were kept. At the election it is said 
 that William Montgomery was elected Justice of the Peace and James Ruther- 
 ford, Constable. 
 
 BUSINESS INTERESTS OF COLESBURG AND COLONY, 1878. 
 
 Attorney, J. Chapman, 1852. Blacksmiths, W. S. Adams, 1854 ; Oliver P. 
 DeLong, 1869. Carriage Maker, C. E. Schaffer, 1868. Druggists, T. Cole, 
 1872. Dry Goods and Notions, S. G. Knee, 1866 ; T. Cole, 1849 ; P. C. Bol- 
 singer, 1851. Millinery, Misses Jacks, 1871. Harness Shop, T. F. Lockridge,. 
 1870. Flouring-mill, J. Caskey, 1865. Undertaker, L N. Lochridge, 1872. 
 Furniture, D. Knee, 1870. Hardware, J. V. Bush, 1875 ; Wilson & Chapman, 
 1876. Hotel, Centennial Hotel, by Benj. Funk, 1876. Physicians, Dr. R. 
 Steadman, 18 — ; Dr. C. A. Toby; Dr. Averitt ; Dr. Way. Saw mill, Hol- 
 scher & Prentiss, 1876. 
 
 HOPKINTON. 
 
 {South Fork Totonship.) 
 
 About March 1, 1838, Thomas Nicholson built a cabin on Section 13^ 
 Township 87, Range 4 (now South Fork Township), and with his family lived 
 therein for a year or a little over, when he sickened and died, in March, 1839. 
 His widow was lonely and indisposed to endure the hardships of pioneer life, 
 and when Leroy Jackson came to the place in March, 1840, and proposed to 
 buy her claim, she assented with alacrity. Jackson asked the Nicholson family 
 to give him the metes and bounds of his new farm, to which they answered 
 they were selling him ''all he could see." Mr. Jackson returning to Dubuque, 
 
538 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 during the Summer, persuaded Henry A. Carter to join him, which he did. 
 Jackson returned to his Nicholson purchase, with his family, in November, 1840. 
 Durinw the Winter, he built a hewed log house for Carter, who moved into it in 
 Marclu 1841. 
 
 Sarah B. Carter, daughter of Henry A. Carter, was the first white child born 
 
 in this locality in 1841. In pi'ocess of time, she became the wife of Hale, 
 
 Surgeon U. S. A. Mrs. H. Carter died in 1844, the second death, Mr. 
 Nicholson being the first. The second birth was that of Henry C. Jackson, in 
 1844. Mr. Jackson is now Recorder of Delaware County. 
 
 Mr. Carter secured the mill privilege on the Maquoketa and Mr. Jackson the 
 one on Plum Oeek, two miles distant, both erecting saw-mills in 1844, and the 
 settlement progressed so rapidly that they laid out the town of Hopkinton in 
 1850. 
 
 In 1855, a wood number of the Western home-seekers found their way to 
 Hopkinton. 
 
 In 1856, more settlers came than could be well accommodated at that time. 
 About this time. Rev. W. L. Roberts, D. D., a very able and noted divine of the 
 ^'Covenanter" faith, located at this point, and through his influence many 
 members of his denomination came and settled, not only in Hopkinton, but on 
 the surrounding prairies within scope of his preaching. 
 
 Bowen Collegiate Institute was located and established in the year 1865, 
 deriving its name from C. T. Bowen, Esq., of Chicago, who made a very liberal 
 donation toward its establishment. Prof. Allen, of Dubuque, was its first 
 Principal, and continued in that capacity for several years. [See Educational.] 
 
 During the flood in the Maquoketa, June 27, 1865, the saw-mill at South 
 Hopkinton was moved from its foundation, and the bridge spanning the river 
 washed away. 
 
 POLITICAL RECORD. 
 
 The town of Hopkinton was incorporated in March, 1874. The election 
 was held in Lathrop's Hall, on the 3d of March, and 132 votes were cast, of 
 which 92 were for incorporation and 39 against. The first officers elected were 
 as follows: Mayor, Isaac Smith; Recorder, John A. M. Hall ; Trustees, James 
 McArthur, H. A. Carter, James T. Williamson and G. H. Crawford, all of 
 whom qualified. The first ordinance passed was entitled, " An ordinance to 
 create the offices of Marshal, Treasurer and Street Commissioner, and to pro- 
 vide for their election." 
 
 The second was " An ordinance regulating licenses," and provided that no 
 person should sell any goods, wares or merchandise, horses or other animals, or 
 any other property at auction within the corporate limits, without a license, and 
 fixed the penalty at $5, and excepted any sale made by Marshal or Constable 
 through legal process. It also provided that no person or persons should open, 
 keep or exhibit any theater, circus or exhibition of any kind, charging admit- 
 tance fee, without first obtaining a license for the same, the penalty being fixed 
 at not less than ^5, or more than $20, excepting sacred concerts, literary or 
 scientific exhibitions or lectures. 
 
 At a meeting of the Council, April 3, 1874, an ordinance was passed mak- 
 ing the corporate town of Hopkinton a separate road district, and authorized 
 the Marshal to supervise said streets and roads, and to collect the road poll-tax. 
 
 Ordinance No. 4, "An ordinance for the protection of the public peace," 
 provided for the punishment by fine of any person breaking the peace, or in- 
 juring or defacing signs, fences, awnings, or other property situated within the 
 limits of said corporation. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 539 
 
 Ordinance No. 5, " An ordinance to define the powers and duties of the 
 Town Marshal," provided that he should search out and report any violation 
 of the ordinances to the Mayor or some Justice of the Peace. It also impowered 
 him to call upon any citizen .for assistance in arresting any law-breaker, and 
 fixed a fine of not less than $5, or more than $20, on any citizen refusing to 
 render such assistance. 
 
 At a meeting of the Council, April 7, 1874, C. F. Shimeal was appointed 
 Marshal; J. G. Diffenderfer, Street Commissioner; William H. Taylor, Treas- 
 urer — fixing the bonds of the Marshal at $500, Street Commissioner same, and 
 Treasurer $1,000. 
 
 April 18th, "An ordinance to impose a tax on dogs," fixing the tax at $1 
 upon each male dog and $2 upon each female dog, and any person failing to 
 pay such tax was liable to a fine of not less than $1 or more than $5. It fur- 
 ther provided that any person owning or keeping a female dog, and allowing 
 her to run at large when in heat, should be liable to a fine of not less than $1 
 or more than $5. 
 
 April 25, 1874, P. H. Warner was appointed Street Commissioner, upon 
 failure of J. G. Diffenderfer to qualify. 
 
 May 5th, the Council passed an ordinance entitled, " An ordinance to im- 
 pose a poll tax," making it incumbent upon every able-bodied resident of the 
 town, personally or by a sufficient substitute, to work on the public highway 
 (how long the record saith not), under the supervision of the Street Commis- 
 sioner, and each man failing to do so was liable to have an extra day's labor 
 imposed for each day's neglect to appear. 
 
 July 13th, the Council passed ''An ordinance to prevent the discharge of 
 firearms within the corporate limits of the town." 
 
 In January, 1875, J. G. Diffenderfer was elected Assessor. 
 
 At the second election, held at the Mayor's office, March 1, 1875, J. G. 
 Diffenderfer was elected Mayor ; B. A. Barnes, Recorder ; J. G. Diff"enderfer, 
 Street Commissioner; M. R. Harding, Assessor; I. P. Cramer, Marshal; P. 
 H. Warner, P. H. Westcott, E. W. Harvey, Charles Lathrop and James L. 
 Williamson, Trustees. 
 
 March 12, 1875, by vote of Council, P. J. Wolcott was appointed Treas- 
 urer. 
 
 April 25, 1875, the Council imposed a tax of five mills per dollar on all tax- 
 able property in the town, and passed a resolution allowing $1.50 for a man, 
 and $3 per day for a man and team, in working out poll tax. 
 
 For 1 876, Mayor, J. G. Diff"enderfer ; Recorder, William R. Williamson ; 
 Trustees, G. H. Crawford, H. C. Merriam, J. T. Williamson, C. S. Barker and 
 Charles Lathrop ; Assessor, S. G. Backus ; Street Commissioner, A. L. Bort ; 
 Trea-surer, C. E. Merriam ; James Mc Arthur was appointed Marshal, 
 
 October 30, 1876, on vote of the Council, Hugh Matthewson was appointed 
 City Marshal. 
 
 For 1877, Mayor, W. H. Martin : Recorder, James C. Campbell ; Trustees, 
 W. P. Gerry, W. B. Morgan, G. H. Crawford, A. F. Kirkwood, James F. 
 Williamson ; Assessor, P. D. Smith ; Street Commissioner, T. N. Williamson ; 
 Treasurer, W. R. Williamson ; 0. C. Abbott was appointed Marshal. T. 
 N. Williamson resigned, and J. G. Diff"enderfer was appointed to fill the 
 vacancy. 
 
 For 1878, Mayor, F. M. Earhart ; Recorder, James C. Campbell : Trustees, 
 James T. Williamson, A. F. Kirkwood, W. P. Gerry, C. F. Shimeall, P. D. 
 Smith : 0. C. Abbott was appointed Marshal. 
 
540 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 BUSINESS or 1878. 
 Banks, Exchange Bank of Hopkinton by F. N. Earhart, organized 1877. 
 Hotel, Central House, by A. C. Tapping. General Stores, Barker & Camp- 
 bell, 1877; C. E. Merriam k Co., 1866; J. H. Campbell, 1847. Boots and 
 Shoes, Joe Bernhard, 1876; P. 0. Joseph, 1863; Drug Stores, Williamson 
 & McBride, 1877 ; H. Livingston, 1874. Hardware, J. G. Wallace, 1872. 
 Furniture, A. F. Kirkwood, 1865; A. Kirkwood, 1855. Undertaker, A. 
 Kirkwood, 1854. Restaurant, Charles Abbott, 1877. Millinery, Misses M. 
 & N. Dawson, 1876 ; Barker & Campbell, 1877. Harness and Saddlery, C. 
 F. Shimeall. Notaries Public, P. H. Warner, 1868 ; M. Harmon, 1874 ; J. 
 C. Campbell, 1877. Meat Market, C. E. Reeve, 1862. Flour Store, James 
 McArthur. Blacksmiths, G. H. Crawford, 1861 ; W. P. Gerry, 1876 ; J. H. 
 Williamson. 1878. Wagon Makers, John Dunlap, 18 — ; R. J. Schlemlein, 
 1874; H. M. Pearce, 1876. Lumber, P. D. Smith, 1875. Livery Stables, 
 Lough & King, 1875; N. Loop, 1877. Elevators — there are two, one built 
 by Campbell, Williamson & Co., in 1873, present owner, J. T. Williamson ; 
 the other was formerly at Sand Spring and moved here by John Stevenson in 
 1863 : now in the hands of creditors. Photographers, Warner & Pearce. 
 Surveyor, P. H. Warner. Physicians, W. H. Finley, 1859 ; P. Byam, 1865 ; 
 Seth Byam, 1878; J. H. Warmouth, 1876. On September 6, 1867, the first 
 freight shipped from Hopkinton was one car load of wheat, in Co. car 111, and 
 consigned to Tyng & Brotherson, Peoria, 111. The first Station Master was A. 
 F. Stickney, followed by W. E. Davis. 
 
 INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT OF HOPKINTON. 
 
 The first school house built in this district was constructed of logs, and situ- 
 ated at the edge of a small grove calle<l Scotch Grove, about midway between 
 Hopkinton (then a small settlement) and the Scotch settlement, in order that 
 children from both settlements could attend. It was put up by the settlers, who, 
 in the Winter of 1849, hauled the logs and constructed the building themselves. 
 The first teacher was a Miss Beard, from Vermont, who opened it about the 1st 
 of May, 1849, and continued one term. She was followed by Mr. Wilson, who 
 taught about one year. The building was then sold and the school removed to 
 the village and kept in an old wagon shop until 1855. They then, by private 
 subscription and the money received from the sale of the log building, built a 
 small brick school house (the first brick house in the county),, the lot being 
 donated by Mr. Jackson, and the structure built by Mr. Tate. The first teacher 
 in this house was a Miss Eaton, from Vermont. ' In March, 1865, the district 
 was organized by the election of the following oflficers : President, H. A. Car- 
 ter ; Vice President, J. G. Diffenderfer ; Treasurer, Edmond Davis ; Secretary, 
 A. Nash ; Directors, C. A. Bell, G. H. Crawford, G. Merriam. March 13th, 
 they voted a tax of five mills on all taxable property in the district for school 
 purposes. At that meeting, they appointed Messrs. G. Merriam, Leroy Jack- 
 son and A. Nash a building committee, with instructions to have another school 
 house completed by the 1st of October, 1865. But the committee, instead of 
 budding, purchased the old Presbyterian Church for ^500. and made it into a 
 school house. It stood on the lot adjoining the small brick school house, and 
 was used as a higher grade school. These two constituted the school houses of 
 the Indejjendent District until 1875, when they were both removed, and the 
 Board of Directors, at an expense of nearly $7,000, erected a new brick build- 
 ing on the two lots, and purchased one-half of an acre lot to add to the grounds. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 541 
 
 The building contains four school rooms, and employs four teachers. The first 
 teacher was Prof. Coulter, Principal. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 The Reformed Preshyteriayi. — About the year 1854, Mr. James Kilpatrick, 
 with his family, settled at Hopkinton, but with faint hopes of seeing a congre- 
 gation of Reformed Presbyterians growing up around him. A few others of the 
 same church connection came, and the first sermon by a Reformed Presbyterian 
 minister was preached by the Rev J. Neil, in April, 1855. An article pub- 
 lished in the magazine of the church, setting forth the advantages to be gained 
 in settling here, by those in the East, who were looking for Western homes, 
 induced others to come. 
 
 Dr. Roberts, once Pastor of a congregation in Baltimore, and afterward of 
 a congregation in Sterling, New York, came to Hopkinton in the Fall of 1855. 
 The following Spring, the congregation was organized with about twenty or 
 twenty-five members. Messrs. VVhittaker and Gilmore were chosen Elders,' and 
 James Kilpatrick, Deacon. Shortly after the congregation was organized, its 
 numbers were increased by about half a dozen fxmilies from Canada, Dr. 
 Roberts preached to the people until about the year 1851), when he was installed 
 Pastor of the congregation. During these years, the congregation had no church 
 building, but held their services in a school house. But continued increase and 
 prosperity gave the people ability to erect a church, which was ready for occu- 
 pancy in 1859. 
 
 On December 7, 1864, Dr. Roberts, who had labored among this people 
 since the organization of the congregation, was suddenly called away from earth 
 to heaven. In his death, not only this church but the whole community suffered 
 a great loss. 
 
 After the death of Dr. Roberts, the congregation had no settled Pastor until 
 1868, when D. H. Coulter, a young man of great promise, was ordained and 
 installed as Pastor. Mr. Coulter continued in this pastorate until the Fall of 
 1874, when he was released at his own request, having been called to another 
 field of labor. 
 
 On the 15th of June, 1875, R. C. Wylie, who had just completed his studies 
 in the seminary, was ordained and installed Pastor of the congreofation. 
 
 In the month of April, 1876, one of the most important events occurred in 
 the whole history of the congregation. It is well known that this denomination 
 is often called "Covenanter," from the fact that they hold the solemn league 
 and covenant of Scotland, England and Ireland to be binding on those repre- 
 sented in it, so far as it binds to moral duties. A covenant, embodying the 
 principles held by this denomination, was prepared by a committee appointed 
 by Synod, and was sworn and subscribed by Synod in May, 1871, and all con- 
 gregations in the entire body were directed to do likewise. This act was done 
 by the Hopkinton congregation in April, 1876, as before stated. We believe 
 the effects of this deed have been good. At least there is more Christian life 
 among the people and more Christian work is done than before. The congrega- 
 tion now numbers 106 members. The ladies have a missionary society holdino- 
 monthly meetings, consisting of twenty-five members. Thev have also organ- 
 ized a ladies' prayer meeting, which meets weekly. 
 
 The congregation has a Sabbath school, in which there are nine teachers and 
 about one hundred and twenty-five scholars. 
 
 The Presbyterian. — This church was organized with seven members by Rev. 
 Prof Kerr, then of Dubuque, about the year 1855. Soon after its organiza- 
 
542 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 tion, Rev. Merit Harmon became Pastor, and preached for some time. He was 
 succeeded bv Jerome Allen, who held the position of Pastor of the church and 
 Principal of Bowen (now Lenox) Collegiate Institute together for about ten 
 years, and was succeeded by Rev. Samuel Hodge, who has officiated ever since 
 until about a year ago, when the church, becoming able to support a minister 
 independent of the school, engaged the services of Rev. T. M. Stevenson, under 
 whose ministration the church has increased its membership to 140. Rev. Mr. 
 Stevenson is the present Pastor. 
 
 The church edifice is of brick, and is very tasty in appearance. The con- 
 gregation is large and influential. 
 
 Rev. M. Harmon, referred to above, is still living at Hopkinton in peace and 
 quietude, almost at the end of life's journey, having reached the ripe age of 82, 
 in possession of all his faculties. His age and long residence in the county 
 entitle him to this paragraph of recognition. 
 
 The Methodist Episeopal Church is under the charge of Rev. T. Thompson, 
 who resides in Hopkinton, and has care of the church at Sand Spring also. 
 The present church edifice was dedicated on Sunday, September 10, 1865, Rev. 
 A. J. Kynett officiating. The attendance was very large. It is worthy of note 
 that Rev. R. Swearingin was the first minister who preached to the people of 
 Hopkinton. he being an itinerant in this county from 1850 to 1854. 
 
 The Baptist Church was organized in 1859, and was cared for several years 
 by Rev. James Kay, of Cascade. It is now dormant. 
 
 MASONIC. 
 
 Rising Sun Lodge, No. IS'7, A., F. and A. 31. — This Lodge was first organ- 
 ized in Worthington, January 8, 1866, R. B. Dands, Master, and J. B. Bailey, 
 Secretary. The Lodge was removed to Hopkinton in the early part of 1874, 
 its first regular meeting at the latter place being held April 28, 1874. The 
 first set of officers in Hopkinton were as follows : A. B. Wheelis, W. M. ; T. 
 N. Williamson, S. W. ; C. Cook, J. W. ; H. N. Hendee, Secretary ; C. P. 
 McCarty, S. D. ; L G. Quackenbush, J, D. ; Aaron Richardson, Tyler ; J. T. 
 Davis, Treasurer. The present officers are as follows : C. E. Merriam, W. M. ; 
 C. M. Shimeall, S. W. : N. E. Pearce, J. W. ; J. T. Davis, Treasurer ; J. J. 
 Wallace, Secretary. 
 
 A. 0. OF u. w. 
 
 Hopkinton Lodge, No. 91, A. 0. of U. W., was organized January 20, 1877, 
 the charter being issued to the following officers : H. C. Merriam, P. M. W. ; 
 John Rush, Jr., M. W. ; G. II. Crawford, G. F. ; J. C. Kirkwood, 0. ; James 
 
 C. Campbell, Recorder ; M. E. Spalding, Financier; J. H. Campbell, Receiver ; 
 
 D. A. Tate, G. ; W. P. Gerry, I. W. ; E. W. Harvey, 0. W., and the following 
 charter members : J. T. Williamson, W. H. Finlev, A. F. Kirkwood, Charles 
 Lathrop, II. N. Hendee, J. R. Schlemlein, J. J.^ Wallace, A. Hamlin, C. E. 
 Merriam, W. II. Taylor. The present officers are: John Rush, P. M. W. ; G 
 H. Crawford, M. W. ; D. A. Tate, G. F. ; W. II. Taylor, 0.; C. F. Shim- 
 eall, Recorder ; J. R. Schlemlein, Financier ; J. H. Campbell, Receiver ; A. 
 F. Kirkwood, G. ; J. H. Lough, I. W. : E. L. Abbott, 0. W. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 543 
 
 SAND SPRING. 
 
 {South Fork Township.) 
 
 Sand Spring was laid out January 26, 1858, by T. H. Bowen and L. H. 
 Langwortliy, who employed George Welch as surveyor. The Southwestern 
 Railway Company had located their depot grounds in 1856, says T. H. Bowen. 
 The Bowens owned a very large tract of land surrounding the site. The first 
 house (of logs) was built by Asa C. Bowen, in 1852. 
 
 The first important event in the history of the town was the accession of 
 ten members of the "Exodus Colony," who arrived May 1, 1858. This asso- 
 ciation was formed in Massachusetts, and was composed of about forty families 
 — twenty-five of the number intending to occupy small farms, and the others, 
 to follow the trades they had learned. 
 
 In 1857, Rev. Mr. Bolles was delegated to go West to purchase the land 
 near some suitable village, and to arrange for the reception of the families at 
 their future home. Rev. Mr. Bolles took a fancy to Sand Spring, and pur- 
 chased 1,000 acres of land from the Bowens, paying $5.00 an acre. Included 
 in the sale was a forty-acre tract, belonging to T. H. Bowen, which had been 
 surveyed into lots; this became the "Colony Addition" to Sand Spring. 
 Bolles erected the " Colony House," on the ridge, overlooking the town. The 
 structure contains sixteen rooms, and was intended as a temporary home for 
 the colonists as they came. 
 
 The Exodists referred to above were the only ones who ever came, the hard 
 times preventing their associates from following them. The colonists were : 
 Messrs. Olmstead, L. A. Hubbard, Otis Battles, A. J. Douglas, Wm. McCaus- 
 land, with their families, and Mr. Pease. 
 
 Asa C. Bowen says that Mr. Bolles preached the first sermon in Sand 
 Spring, in June, 1858, in the building erected for a hotel, from the text, " I 
 will be to thee a God, and thou shalt be to me a people." The diiferent houses 
 built during that Summer were also used for religious services, before being 
 occupied by their owners. A notable case was that of a very large meeting 
 that Summer, in a barn now owned by Charles Crocker. 
 
 Mr. Bolles is said to have been quite successful in the pulpit. He dis- 
 charged his responsible trust in purchasing the colony lands, and his subsequent 
 duties connected therewith, with scrupulous fidelity. He remained with the 
 colony three or four years. Bolles afterward renounced the Methodist creed, 
 and became a member of the " Oneida Community," in New York. He is said 
 to have died in an insane asylum. 
 
 The colonists, most of whom remained at Sand Spring, have proved valua- 
 ble and exemplary citizens. There can be but one reasonable conclusion as to 
 the result of this colonizing scheme, had the other families been able to follow 
 those who came. As it was, they were not able to raise money for the purpose, 
 and their lands were transferred to other owners. Some of the village lots were 
 sold for taxes, and never redeemed. The Colony Building is now owned by Ex- 
 Gov. Claflin, of Massachusetts. 
 
 Religious meetings were held by Rev. James Kay, of the Baptist Church, 
 and by Rev. Mr. Whitmore, of the Methodist Episcopol Church, about the 
 same time. 
 
 The first school was opened in Sand Spring in the Summer of 1858, Miss 
 Lucy Battles, a member of the Exodus Colony, being the teacher. 
 
 As an instance of Western sympathy with enterprise and courage, wherever 
 displayed, it is proper to record that on September 1st, 1858, the citizens of 
 
544 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Sand Spring and vicinity celebrated the laying of the first Atlantic cable by a 
 dinner and speeches from Rev. Dr. Roberts, of Hopkinton, Dr. Gage and T. H. 
 Bowen. The crowd was a large one for that early day, and the celebration 
 was successfully carried out in all its details, echoing back in its truest meaning 
 the glad dispatch, " Glory to God in the highest, on earth, peace, good will to 
 men." 
 
 The Southwestern Road stopped three miles short of Sand Spring in the 
 Fall of 1858. The people had contributed to the utmost of their ability, but 
 the company was able to make only slow progress, owing to the great scarcity 
 of money. In the Spring of 1859, the people of Sand Spring turned out and 
 helped lay the ties and rails over the gap between their town and the big world 
 outside, and several ladies, among whom were Mrs. Asa C. Bowen and Mrs. 
 Peter Karst, helped carry and place the ties. 
 
 The school house, which is a conspicuous object in the town, was built in 
 1868. E. P. Couser was the first Principal of the graded school and T. II. 
 Bowen occupied the same position two years after. Mr. Paddock is now the 
 principal and is assisted by Miss Celia Mellor. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church was built in 1865, and Rev. T. Thompson 
 is now in charge. The Baptist Church was erected in 1868, but has no Pastor 
 at present. 
 
 The location of the Davenport & St. Paul Railroid operated to the detri- 
 ment of Sand Spring, by stimulating the growth of Hopkinton. In 1872, the 
 people of South Fork Township voted a tax of five per cent, to aid the construc- 
 tion of the Davenport Road. This was opposed by the people of Sand Spring, 
 who could foresee the bad result to themselves, but they were out-voted. The 
 citizens of Sand Spring then held a meeting and resolved to resist the payment 
 of the tax. They had invited a Waterloo attorney to attend and advise them. 
 At the meeting he was retained to bring the suit, in which a hundred and fifty 
 property holders joined as plaintiffs in a petition for injunction. The case was 
 fought through to the Supreme Court, where the injunction was made perpetual. 
 The litigation cost them about ^2,000, but saved them some $6,000 in taxes. 
 
 In the Winter of 1875-6. a flurry was created at Sand Spring by an effort 
 on the part of Dubuque to have the route of the Southwestern Road vacated 
 from Farley to Monticello, and rebuilt from Dubuque, by way of Cascade. 
 This, had it been successful, would have h.ad the effect of killing Sand Spring 
 and Worthiiigton. Asa C. Bowen, as soon as he heard of the scheme, promptly 
 procured a numerously signed petition against the project, which he forwarded 
 to Hon. Joseph Chapman, at Des Moines, who succeeded in defeating the bill 
 permitting the change of route to be made, by having it amended so as to 
 require the road-bed, if abandoned, to be put in its original condition. 
 
 The post office at Sand Spring was established June 19, 1858 and Truman 
 II. Bowen was appointed Postmaster. 
 
 BUSINESS INTERESTS. 
 
 The business now carried on at Sand Spring is indicated below : 
 Dry Goods and Groceries, L. Loeff'clholtz. Groceries, G. H. Brown. Broom 
 Factory, W. Molthorp. Blacksmith and Wagon Shop, B. A. Barton. Wagon 
 Shop, E. Overing. Washing Machine Factory, Wm. Overing. Physician and 
 Surgeon, S. Cummings. Notary Public and Conveyancer, 0. Henry. Justice 
 and Conveyancer, A. Tuttle. Hotel, Thomas Jones. Butter and Cheese Fac- 
 tory, John Stewart. Postmaster, Gilbert H. Brown. 
 
GREELEY 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 547 
 
 The manufacture of brooms, which has been an important industry at Sand 
 Spring ever since the town was founded, was begun by T. H. & Asa C. Bowen, 
 at Hopkinton, in the Summer of 1856, they having induced some workmen in 
 Schoharie County, N. Y., to come West and work for them. The making of 
 the first broom was the occasion for a village jollification. 
 
 This industry has been a source of considerable revenue to the farmers of 
 South Fork Township, and the brooms, being made in the best manner, meet with 
 ready sale. 
 
 SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 The Cemetery Association of Sand Spring completed its organization by 
 recording its articles of incorporation. 
 
 The funds used in the purchase of grounds were raised by the ladies of the 
 Sewing Circle of the town, who were materially assisted by Mr. Asa C. Bowen, 
 who owned the land on which the cemetery is located. The grounds are situ- 
 ated on a slight elevation east of Sand Spring. 
 
 In February, 1865, a Temperance Society was formed, and the Washing- 
 tonian pledge signed by about forty citizens. The following officers were 
 elected : William Spence, President ; Adelbert Olmstead, Vice President ; 
 Stephen T. Bowen, Secretary ; Peter Karst, Jr., Treasurer. 
 
 In 1865, Wilson's saw-mill, log and dam at Sand Spring were carried away 
 by the flood. 
 
 FORESTVILLE. 
 
 [Richland Township.) 
 
 The first settler to locate in Township 90 north, Range 6 west (Richland 
 Township), was Mr. William Turner, from Chautauqua Co., N. Y., who settled 
 on the east bank of the Maquoketa, in the east half of Section 22. In 1847, 
 he built a saw-mill, and Mr. Stephen R. Reynolds settled near him. 
 
 In 1848, Hiram D. Wood settled on Section 26 ; and Abiather Richardson 
 and Augustus Jones purchased land in the township. 
 
 The first store in the township was opened about 1850 by Mr. Turner. 
 
 The post office at Forestville was established April 24, 1851, William Tur- 
 ner, Postmaster. The office was supplied from Coffin's Grove once a week. 
 
 Marcus Phillips was the first mail carrier, and was succeeded by Leonard 
 Lawrence. 
 
 In January, 1851, Richland Township was created, composed of Congres- 
 sional Township 90, Range 6, and the north half of Township 89, Range 6, now 
 Coffin's Grove, and the County Commissioners designated the house of S. R. 
 Reynolds as the voting place. 
 
 There are no records of township elections until 1854. 
 
 The first meeting of which any memory exists was held at the house of John 
 Lee, in the Spring of 1852, when the following officers were elected, viz.: 
 William Turner and Stephen R. Reynolds, Justices of the Peace ; John Lee, 
 William Smith and George Hart, Trustees ; Andrew L. Ginger, Clerk ; A. L. 
 Ginger and George Hart, Constables. 
 
 Turner's saw-mill was swept away by the freshet in June, 1851, but was 
 rebuilt. 
 
 In 1852, Mr. D. Leonard purchased Turner's mill and claim and opened a 
 store at the village. 
 
548 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 The first school house was built of logs in May, 1852, on Lee's farm, in the 
 southeast part of the township, and the first school was taught by William 
 Wilson in this house the following Summer. 
 
 The first sermon preached in the township was in this log school house, in 
 June, 1852. by Rev. John Brown. 
 
 Charles Hall, from New York, located at Forestville in 1852, and built a^ 
 tavern, the first one north of Delhi, it is said. Hall afterward built an addition 
 to this liouse and opened a store. 
 
 In 1S58, Daniel Leonard built a grist-mill, designed for a custom-mill, on 
 the Maquoketa, near the saw-mill. 
 
 April 4, 1854, the town of Forestville was surveyed and platted by Joel 
 Bailey ; Daniel Leonard, propeietor. 
 
 The first school house was built in 1854, at a cost of f 300. Elihu Andrews 
 built it under contract. A portion of the money to build it was raised by taxation 
 and a portion was borrowed from the school fund by H. D. Wood, who gave a 
 mortgage on his land as security. 
 
 The house was located just outside the town plat on the east side ; and the 
 first school was taught in it during the same year hy Mrs. Brayman. 
 
 This house was burned in the Winter of 1870—71, but during the Summer 
 of 1870 a new school house was built of brick by Henry Doyle, contractor, at 
 a cost of $700. Organized as an independent district in 1872. 
 
 Present School Directors, Solomon Z. Welch, Oliver Clark and William^ 
 Sherwin. 
 
 In 1854, Thomas Hickox was appointed Postmaster. Hickox was a Whig, 
 and says Mr. Wood, " every man in the village suitable for a Postmaster was a 
 Whig also." 
 
 In 1856, the Democrats of the township petitioned for the appointment of 
 Enos M. Littlefield, who lived about a quarter of a mile out of the town. He 
 was appointed June 23, 1856, but he could find no person in town qualified for 
 the position who would serve as Deputy, nor could he obtain a suitable place for 
 an office nearer than his house, and the mail carrier refused to deliver the mail 
 there — it was not in Forestville. Littlefield made a statement of the facts to 
 the Post Office Department, asking for authority to keep the office at his house, 
 and requested that the mail carrier be directed to deliver and receive the mail 
 there also. Meanwhile, before receiving instructions from the Department, Lit- 
 tlefield took the responsibility of taking the mail to his house. The indignant 
 citizens determined to test the legality of this proceeding, made up a test case 
 in which Myron Hooker was plaintiff", agreeing if he was beaten that the cost 
 should be made up by contribution. Hooker accordingly brought suit against 
 Mr. Littlefield for damage sustained by reason of taking his mail away from the 
 town. The suit was brought before I. P. Powers, Justice of the Peace of Rich- 
 land. S. G. Van Anda and James Crosier were the attorneys for the plaintiff"; 
 and S. R. Peet, H. D. Wood and Alpheus Scott managed the defense. Defend- 
 ant took change of venue to Franklin Emerson, Justice of the Peace, but he 
 
 was a Democrat and plaintiff" carried the case to Heath, Justice of the 
 
 Peace of Honey Creek, and then to Coolidge, also of Honey Creek. Coolidge 
 tried the case and gave judgment for the defendant for costs, and, Littlefield 
 having received the authority asked for from the Department, the whole matter 
 was dropped. It is ])roper to add that Hooker did not realize much from the 
 promises made and was obliged to pay the costs of suit himself. 
 
 July 17, 1862, William H. Church was appointed Postmaster at Forestville, 
 and employed M. D. Jones as Deputy. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 549 
 
 Soon after Church's appointment, complaints began to be made of loss of 
 mail matter. Suspicion pointed to the Forestville post office. Church and his 
 Deputy appeared to have money in more abundance than their neighbors thought 
 their circumstances warranted. Church presented a draft for |100 at Dubuque 
 and collected it. A detective was sent to discover the perpetrator of these fre- 
 quent mail robberies, who sent a decoy letter and found it in Jones' possession. 
 Church and Jones were arrested, taken to Dubuque and lodged in jail to await 
 trial. After some time Church procured bail and was released, but died before 
 trial. Jones was tried at Dubuque, convicted and sentenced to the penitentiary 
 for ten years, but after serving about eighteen months was pardoned by Presi- 
 dent Andrew Johnson. 
 
 BUSINESS INTERESTS. 
 
 In May, 1878, the business of Forestville was represented as follows : 
 
 Country Stores, Volney Wheeler ; Daniel Gilbert. Blacksmiths, Daniel 
 Briggs ; Josiah Beach. Carpentei", Michael Cossey. Saw and Grist-mills, 
 George Sowles. 
 
 There are four Creameries in Richland Township. The first was estab- 
 lished by Hiram D. Wood, near Forestville, in the Spring of 1874, of capacity 
 sufficient to use the milk of 500 or 600 cows. Mr. Wood manufactures about 
 20,000 pounds of butter annually, and found a ready market in New York. 
 
 Loomis & Houseman establfshed another in the southwest part of the town- 
 ship in 1875. 
 
 H. H. Cowles, in the western part of the Township, in the Spring of 1876, 
 and John & William Hollister, in the northeast corner, in 1877, each manufac- 
 ture about 20,000 pounds annually. 
 
 In the Spring of 1878, Mr. Cowles changed his creamery to a cheese 
 factory. 
 
 ALMORAL. 
 
 {Oneida Township.) 
 
 In the Spring of 1856, a company called the Stafford Emigration Company, 
 of Amherst, Mass., sent delegates to Iowa, to join other parties of the same com- 
 pany already here, in search of a place to locate a colony. The Eastern 
 delegates becoming dissatisfied, or tired of the broad expanse of prairie and 
 bottomless sloughs, as they appeared to them, returned to the East without 
 making any selection for a location, and with an unfavorable report. When 
 the Stafford Emigration Company was organized, the following families were 
 living in Delaware and Jones Counties, and having joined the company, 
 expected to locate with the colony : Rev. H. N. Gates, formerly from Connect- 
 icut, was living at Yankee Settlement, now called Edgewood; D. B. Noble, 
 formerly from New York State, was living at the same place ; L. 0. Stevens, 
 formerly from Hardwick, Vt., was living at Hopkinton ; Joseph Dunham, T. 
 W. Dunham and J. B. Dunham, formerly from Franklin County, Vt., were 
 living at Bowen's Prairie, Jones County ; William G. Strickland came from 
 Amherst in 1856. Rev. H. N. Gates, D. B. Noble, L. 0. Stevens and F. W. 
 Dunham continued the search through Western and Northwestern Iowa, Southern 
 Minnesota, and following the line of a railroad survey from Dubuque to St. 
 Paul, they came upon the present site of Almoral, where they camped. Here 
 they met with Rev. J. H. Kasson, who had the year or two previous started 
 from Baraboo, Wis., with the intention of joining a colony at Grinnell, Iowa, 
 
550 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 on reaching this place had grown tired and out of health, and being pleased with 
 the location had purchased the southwest quarter of Section 11, Township 89, 
 Rant^e 4, and built the first frame house on the present site of Almoral. Mr. 
 John A. G. Cattron built on the northwest quarter of the same section same 
 year. Here these men concluded to locate, and purchasing Mr. Kasson's place, 
 thev jointly with him purchased adjoining lands, making 640 acres in all, as a 
 nucleus for the settlement, having in view the establishment of a Congregational 
 Chnrch and a literary institution. They donated one-fifth of this purchase as a 
 permanent endowment for an academy or high school, accompanied with condi- 
 tions. 
 
 The first recorded meeting of the town proprietors of Almoral was held 
 September 18, 1856, with L. 0. Stevens, President, and F. W. Dunham, Sec- 
 retary. The town was laid out in 1858, by John H. Kasson, proprietor. H. 
 N. Gates built the first house after the location was made, in the Fall of 18^56, 
 who afterward removed it to Earlville, about 1859 or '60. 
 
 The first school at Almoral was kept, it is said, in a vacated log cabin on 
 the northwest corner of the northwest (i[uarter of the southwest quarter of Sec- 
 tion 11, in the Summer of 1857 ; Abbie E. Dunham, Teacher. 
 
 The Almoral Institute was incorporated under the law of the State in Septem- 
 ber, 1857. J. H. Kasson, L. 0. Stevens, Joseph Dunham, William G. Strickland, 
 H. N. Gates, Elijah Gates, John A. G. Cattron and David Roland were the cor- 
 porators and first Trustees, and the corporation was to commence December 1, 
 1857, and continue twenty years. During that year, a building 24x30 feet was 
 built on Lot 1, Block 10, in which the first term of the Institute commenced 
 December 1, 1857, under the charge of F. W. Dunham, with about twenty 
 pupils. The succeeding teachers were Rev. H. N. Gates, L. 0. Stevens, J. A. 
 Marvin and F. W. Dunham in the order named, until 1860 ; the district 
 school being taught in connection with the Institute, which closed in 1860. 
 
 In 1864, the present district school house was built on the west quarter of 
 the northeast quarter of Section 11, at a cost of about |1,000. When it was 
 completed, it was one of the best, if not the best, school house of that class in 
 the county. 
 
 The Institute property remaining after the close of the school reverted back 
 to the donator'?, who, 1872-3, deeded it to the Almoral Congregational Church, 
 together with some other property. 
 
 The Congregational Church was organized in 1857, with H. N. Gates as 
 the first Pastor, and W. G. Strickland first Deacon. The present Pastor is 
 Rev. J. M. Bowers. 
 
 The post oflSce was established March 24, 1857. The first Postmaster was 
 F. W. Dunham ; the mails were weekly ; first mail received April 28, 1857. 
 He was followed by J. B. Dunham, November 4, 1858, who is the present 
 incumbent ; mails, tri-weekly. 
 
 The first brass band in the county was organized at Almoral, in 1858 — J. 
 B. Dunham, Director — and did service in the Lincoln Presidential campaign. 
 Disbanded, to enlist in the war. 
 
 The creamery started by the Almoral Dairymen's Company — which was 
 incorporated in February, 1876, with William G. Strickland, President ; J. B. 
 Dunham, Secretary ; J. A. G. Cattron, Treasurer ; William Hockady, Agent 
 — is in successful operation to-day. 
 
 John Cruise has established a Creamery on Section 12, near Almoral. 
 
 Almoral was laid out in anticipation of the building of a railroad from Du- 
 buque to St. Paul, which, it was expected, would pass through the town ; or 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 551 
 
 rather, the town was laid out on the projected line of the road. It is needless 
 to add that the road was not built, consequently the town never experienced 
 much growth ; at least, did not meet the anticipations of its founders. 
 
 ROCKVILLE. 
 
 [North Fork Township.) 
 
 This ancient town is, next to Delhi, the oldest town in the county. It is 
 located about in the center of Section 24, on the west bank of the North Fork 
 of the Maquoketa. The town plat, containing forty-six acres, was laid out in 
 1845 by Oliver A. Olmstead. 
 
 The first settlers were Lucius Kibbee in 1837, and Gilbert D. Dillon in 
 1839. James Cavanaugh, a blacksmith, settled here about 1843, and established 
 the second blacksmith shop in the county. About 1842, Oliver A. Olmstead- 
 built a saw-mill on the Maquoketa. In 1843, a log school house was built about 
 a mile east of Olrastead's on the edge of Dubuque County, where the few chil- 
 dren in the Kibbee settlement went to school. In this house the first school 
 was taught in the Winter of 1843-4 by John Keeler. This was the Rockville 
 school house for some years. In 1846, the post office of Rockville was estab- 
 lished. It was on the stage road from Dubuque via Delhi to Quasqueton and 
 Independence. About this time, Mr. Olmstead built a small grist-mill with one 
 run of stones, made of what is termed "lost rock," designed for grinding corn. 
 During this year, in the Spring, Cyrus Keeler died at Rockville from the effects 
 of taking a dose of saltpeter by mistake, supposing he was taking epsom salts. 
 
 In 1846 or '47, probably the former, John Brown, a brother of Daniel 
 Brown, who settled at Eads' Grove in 1839-40, and a United Brethren preacher, 
 built the first hotel. Prior to this time, Mr. Olmstead had " accommodated " 
 the traveling public in the old log house built by Kibbee. Mr. Brown's wife died 
 in 1847, and his son and daughter afterward carried on the house. Subse- 
 quently Froom built another hotel on the other side of the street, and 
 
 later Geo. W. Ashburn opened a hotel at Rockville. 
 
 When and by whom the first stock of goods was brought to Rockville can- 
 not now be definitely determined. It is said that Mr. Olmstead, who owned the 
 mill, also kept a few goods for the accommodation of the settlers. About the 
 time the town was laid out or soon after, J. M. Custer had a small log store and 
 kept a few goods. Calvin Sawyer went there at a comparatively early day, and 
 was a trader for a number of years, keeping, it is said, the largest stock and 
 best assortment of goods then in the village. Charles W. Hobbs, from Delhi, 
 removed to Rockville in 1850, and opened a well-stocked store, then the best in 
 town. 
 
 About 1846-7, Rockville began to increase pretty rapidly in importance and 
 population. It was located on the main traveled road from Dubuque westward, 
 and was one of the stations of the Western Stage Company. It apparently 
 had a promising future, and was headquarters for balls and parties for the young 
 people of Delaware and the western part of Dubuque Counties. Late in 1847, 
 Mr. Olmstead, the founder of the town, sold the mills and his other property to 
 Philip Hogan, who in 1848 built an excellent flouring-mill, and from that time 
 until about 1855-6, the town of Rockville was on the top wave of prosperity. 
 
 The first sermon preached is lost in the obscurity of years. John Brown 
 preached the first sermon of his denomination here about 1846, and he preached 
 Cyrus Keeler's funeral sermon. The Methodists probably held religious ser- 
 
552 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 vices prior to that time, and among the earliest were Rev. Mr. Briar and Rev. 
 Mr. Farlow. The Methodists built a fine church here and occupied it sev- 
 eral years, but it was finally taken down, removed and re-erected on Plum 
 Creek. The removal of this house was the occasion of considerable excitement, 
 and not a little ill feeling. A brick school house was erected about 1852-3, 
 which still remains. 
 
 In the o-reat flood of 1851, a large portion of the town was submerged. In 
 this freshet the mills were swept away, but were immediately rebuilt. 
 
 About 1851, Judge Dyer started the town of Dyersville, a few miles north 
 of Rockville, on the edge of Dubuque County, and for several years the people 
 of that infant town obtained their mail at Rockville. Delhi also took a start 
 about the same time, and the people of Rockville became exceedingly jealous of 
 these rivals. It was then a thriving town, had several stores, three hotels, a 
 church, a school house, a number of mechanics, and it did not like to see its 
 prestige threatened. But when the Dubuque & Pacific Railroad was completed 
 to Dyersville in 1856-7, the stages were taken off", the immense stream of travel 
 that since 1847 had flowed through the town was diverted into another channel. 
 Rockville suddenly collapsed, and received its final blow when the Dubuque & 
 Southwestern Railroad passed by it on the other side, and the town of Worthing- 
 ton sprang up within three miles of it. 
 
 But little now remains to attest to its former prosperity, except a new stone 
 flouring-mill built several years ago by Mr. Ruddlesdin and now operated by 
 Mr. Georgean. 
 
 HARTWICK. 
 
 This hamlet, which is located on Section 30, Township 88, Range 4, was 
 laid out by John W. Clark in 18 — . Here Clark built a saw-mill, and in 
 1853, began the erection of a flouring-mill. He had already opened a store 
 and was keeping tavern. John Whitman settled in 1855, and started a black- 
 smith shop. Two years after, a wagon shop was started, Clark furnishing the 
 means. The town flourished apace, for within the next year or two, a shoe- 
 shop was established, but by whom is now forgotten, and about the same time, 
 a brick yard was started by Samuel Stansbury and his brother. A paint shop 
 was also built by Jacob Williams. 
 
 This is an incident in the early history of Hartwick. An Irishman, Pat- 
 rick Kenna, used to haul wood to the burg with a yoke of oxen named '' Buck" 
 and ■* Bright," but never troubled himself as to whose land it grew on. Clark 
 met him one day as he was going in with a load. Clark stopped and hailed 
 him with the point blank question as to whose land he had gone on for the 
 wood. Looking his interlocutor square in the eye, as he trudged by, Pat. 
 answered, '' Sure, Misther Clark, an' I niver asks ye where ye git your wood I' 
 Pat then cracked his whip, with a '' Gee, Buck !" and drove on with his load. 
 
 Clark was a driving, stirring man, but like thousands of others in the spec- 
 ulative era of 185t!-7, went to the wall with liabilities much in excess of assets. 
 He went to California in 1858, and his property passed into other hands. Mr. 
 Whitman left the place before Clark, and with the departure of these two enter- 
 prising men the glory of Hartwick, as a business point, departed. 
 
 In June, 18(51, the Board of Supervisors, on motion of Clement Coffin, 
 resolved to submit to vote whether or not a farm should be purchased for the 
 maintenance of paupers, and the homestead formerly owned by Clark was 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 553 
 
 temporarily leased by the county and used as a poor farm until the Board 
 purchased the present site. 
 
 Jacob Williams, referred to above, enlisted in the Greybeard Regiment in 
 1863. He deserted shortly after, and returned. A. S. Blair, Esq., who was 
 Deputy Provost Marshal, heard of his return, and also heard that Williams 
 had given out that he would not submit to be taken alive. Mr. Blair engaged 
 J. C. Skinner to go with him, and as a precautionary measure took along a 
 ponderous revolver. Arriving at Williams" house, he got out, leaving his 
 revolver in the buggy. He went to the door on the side of the house whence 
 Williams expected to escape, and gained access by inquiring if a painter lived 
 there. Williams was up stairs, but came down, little suspecting Mr. Blair's 
 errand. Blair told him his business, but Williams manifested no dangerous 
 symptoms, merely asking the privilege of going up stairs to change his clothes. 
 Mr. Blair refused to allow this, whereupon Mrs. Williams remarked that it was 
 not genteel to require him to undress before the women folks. Blair suggested 
 they could retire themselves. Williams changed his apparel, went along quietly, 
 and was punished by having his pay stopped. 
 
 The scenery at Hartwick is attractive in the extreme, the mill and dam 
 adding much to the picturesque location of the town. The Maquoketa is bridged 
 at this place by a graceful iron structure, which springs from a high rocky 
 bank on the south side of the stream, and the north side rests on a high pier 
 built of massive magnesian rock. The locality is an attractive one for picnic 
 parties. In the gravel bed below the dam are found small geodes and beautiful 
 agates. 
 
 The mill is now owned by Furman Brothers, and is regarded as one of the 
 best in the county. 
 
 DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The first meeting for the election of township officers in Delaware Town- 
 ship, of which record now remains, was held at the house of Toogood & Bethell, 
 in the village of Burrington, in April, 1856, when the following officers were 
 elected : 
 
 Joseph C Skinner, Justice of the Peace; Harvey J. Brown, Township 
 Clerk ; Watson Roe, Allen Mead, James Edmonds. Trustees ; Albert Thomp- 
 son, Assessor ; Charles Trenchard and William H. Hollister, Constables. 
 
 In 1857, 0. P. Reeves, Justice of the Peace; E. R. Congar, Clerk; Henry 
 Acers, Watson Roe, Allen Mead, Trustees. 
 
 In 1858, E. L. Eaton, Justice of the Peace; J. W. Yount, Clerk; Watson 
 Roe, George Acers, William C. White, Trustees. 
 
 In October, 1858, another election was held at the school house in the vil- 
 lage of Manchester, and thenceforward the annual meetings for election of 
 township officers were held in October. At the above-named meeting, E. 0. 
 Clemens and E. L. Eaton, were elected Justices of the Peace ; J. W. Yount, 
 Clerk ; E. Merrill, A. R. Loomis, T. Crosby, Township Trustees. 
 
 In 1859, L. A. Loomis, Justice of the Peace ; H. J. Brown, Clerk ; C. 
 Paxson, John Acres, Henry Edmonds, Trustees. 
 
 In 1860, E. L. Eaton, William Terwilliger, Justices of the Peace; S. L. 
 Doggett, Clerk ; Ira P. Adams. H. M. Congar, Watson Roe, Trustees. 
 
 In 1863, R. W. Tirrill, L. A. Loomis, Justices of the Peace ; E. Merrill, 
 T. Crosby and Thomas Toogood, Trustees; V. Childs, Clerk. 
 
554 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 In 1864, D. S. Potter, M. Cotton, N. H. Johnson, Trustees ; T. Crosby, 
 V. Childs, Justices of the Peace; V. Childs, Clerk. 
 
 In 1865, Pardon Wells, Watson Childs, A. S. Blair, Trustees ; S. L. Dog- 
 gett. Justice of the Peace; V. Child?, Clerk. 
 
 In 1866, Oliver Cronk, M. Cotton, L. S. Gates, Trustees ; D. R. Blais- 
 dell, T.- Crosby, Justices of the Peace; S. L. Doggett, Clerk. 
 
 In 1867, S. L. Doggett, Justice of the Peace; J. M. Lanning, Henry i\r;er8, 
 J. D. Slv, Trustees ; S. L. Doggett, Clerk. 
 
 In 1868, T. Crosby, V. Childs, Justices of the Peace ; S. L. Doggett, Clerk; 
 J. W. Robbins, Oliver Cronk, J. Davidson, Trustees. 
 
 In 1869, S. L. Doggett, Justice of the Peace ; S. L. Doggett, Clerk ; 
 William Catron, Ferdinand Dunham, Noble Ruggles, Trustees. 
 
 In 1870, J. R. Satterlee, N. H. Johnson, Justices of the Peace; S. L. 
 Doggett, Clerk : S. W. Green, Noble Ruggles, W. H. Seeds, Trustees. 
 
 In 1871. S. L. Doggett, Justice of the Peace; S. L. Doggett, Clerk; Tru- 
 man Terrill, John F. Merry, Egbert Hoag, Trustees. 
 
 In 1872, Calvin Yoran, N. H. Johnson, Justices of the Peace; S. L. Dog- 
 gett, Clerk ; John F. Merry, Seth Brown, Morell Cotton, Trustees. 
 
 In 1873, S. L. Doggett, Justice of the Peace ; S. L. Doggett, Clerk ; L. 
 S. Gates, George Quackenbush, A. 0. Moore, Trustees. 
 
 In 1874, S. L. Doggett, Calvin Yoran, N. H. Johnson, Justices of the 
 Peace; S. L. Doggett, Clerk ; William Tate, Alonzo Shew, Ira Howland, 
 Trustees. 
 
 In 1875, N. H. Johnson, Justice of the Peace; S. L. Doggett, Clerk; 
 Alonzo Shrew, Ira Howland, T. Crosby, Trustees. 
 
 In 1876, Cummings Sanborn, S. L. Doggett, N. H. Johnson, Justices of 
 the Peace ; S. L. Doggett, Clerk ; Alonzo Shrew, T. Crosby, Ira Howland, 
 Trustees. 
 
 In 1877, Charles Husted, Justice of the Peace; S. L. Doggett, Clerk; 
 Alonzo Shew. Ira Howland, Lewis Paxson, Trustees. 
 
 MASONVILLE. 
 
 (Coffin's Grove Township.) 
 
 This pleasant little town is located on the southwest corner of Coffin "» 
 Grove Township, was laid out July 22, 1858, by Francis Daniels and the Iowa 
 Land Company, James G. Verplank, Surveyor. 
 
 The town was named in honor of R. B. Mason, Esq., then the late President 
 of the Iowa Land Company, and probably named by Mr. Daniels, who at that 
 time owned the quarter section on which the village now stands, and offered the 
 Land Company one-third of it to induce them to locate a station upon his land. 
 This proposition was accepted by the Company, and they erected a depot in 
 1860, upon the site the present one occupies. It proving inadequate, however, 
 to the growing demands of the town, it was, eight years thereafter, removed 
 and a new (me substituted. The old one was moved up on the main street, 
 opposite the Mason ville House, and is now used as a sort of carpenter's shop. 
 
 The first house in the town was erected by Oscar Wellman, who came west 
 from New York in 1852, and built, about two years afterward, the house he 
 now occupies. He kept f(u- some years a stage station and hotel, giving the 
 horses good stabling, and lodging the men on the floor or anywhere they could 
 find room to stretch their weary limbs. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 555 
 
 BUSINESS INTERESTS. 
 
 Hotels, Masonville House, by J. D. Smith, 1874 ; Central House, by A. K. 
 Martin, 1876. General Merchandise, A. M. Latimer, 1877 ; David Burk, 
 1876. Drugs and Groceries, W. E. Lawrence, 1877. Blacksmith, Joseph 
 Taylor. Elevators, F. S. Griffin, 1869 ; Chandler, Brown & Co., of Mil- 
 waukee, not now in operation. Grist-mill, Burk Bros., 1878. Flour and 
 Feed, I. D. Smith. 
 
 The first school house in town was built in 1862, by Mr. Dunton, and after- 
 ward purchased by the township. The first teacher was Miss Mary R. 
 Williams. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Free- Will Baptist Church, organized May 10, 1857, at the school house 
 near Henry Baker, by Rev. N. W. Bixby, and who was Pastor of the church 
 until May 18, 1866, when he resigned the pastorate, and Rev. R. Norton was 
 elected Pastor, May, 1867. By a vote of the church, the meetings were removed 
 from Coffin's Grove to Masonville, and the name of the church chanfjed from 
 Coffin's Grove to Masonville. 
 
 During the season of 1877, the church erected a house for public worship, 
 which was not completed and dedicated May 26, 1878. Rev. R. Norton is the 
 present Pastor. 
 
 The Catholic Church was built in 1870. The present Priest is P. J. 
 Clabby. of Buffalo, who conducts services there once in every three weeks. 
 
 I. 0. OF G, T. 
 
 Masonville at present has but one society, and that is Masonville Lodge, 
 No. 196, I. 0. of G. T., which was organized in 1877, by Mrs. A. C. Carter, 
 from Manchester. At the first meeting, the following officers were elected : W. 
 C. T., George E. Gemmill ; W. S., John Latimer; W. V. T., Jennie Latimer; 
 W. C, S. P. Peters; P. W. C. T., Henry Stiles; W. M., Charles Lamon ; W. 
 T., Lizzie Lawrence; W. F. S., S. C. Douglass ; W. I. G., Hattie Lamon ; W. 
 0. G., Oscar Wellman ; L. L., S. P. Peters ; W. D. M., Mina Peters ; W. A. 
 S., Lenora Brown; L. H. S., Mrs. N. M. Stiles; R. H. S., Mrs. GemmilL 
 The Lodge started with 35 charter members, and now numbers about 70. 
 
 COFFIN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township is Congressional Township 89 north, Range 6 west. It was 
 organized in 1855, by a decree issued to Clement Coffin, who had settled in a 
 grove of timber in the south central portion of the township, fifteen years 
 before. The grove was called Coffin's Grove by the early settlers and hence 
 the name of the township. The voters met according to the provisions of the 
 decree in the old school house in the grove, and elected the following, first town- 
 ship officers : Henry Baker and Aaron Sullivan, Justices of the Peace ; W. J. 
 Doolittle, Township Clerk. 
 
556 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The township contains eight sub-school districts, with school houses and 
 teachers, to wit : 
 
 MateriaL When Built. First Teacher. 
 
 No. 1, Brick 1868 E. H. Sellens. 
 
 No. 2, Frame 1873 Victoria LsbeU. 
 
 No. 3, " 1867 PI. A. Brown. 
 
 No. 4 " 1866 Emeroy Stimson. 
 
 No. 5.' " 1872 C. H. Sharp. 
 
 No. 6, " 1871 Hattie Hawley. 
 
 No. 7. " 1871 T. M. Sabine. 
 
 No. 8, " 1875 Annie Maguire. 
 
 These, with the exception of Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5, w^ere the first houses and 
 teachers. In the excepted districts, the first school houses were log structures, 
 which soon gave place to more substantial buildings. In No. 1, however, the 
 log school house was built in 1854. 
 
 In the Summer or Fall of 1856, Orton & Older's circus tent was pitched 
 near Henry Baker's, in Coffin's Grove, and all the country side turned out to 
 witness the performance. The afternoon was rainy and it was decided not to 
 exhibit in the evening. Several men from Acersville and Manchester, who had 
 transferred considerable whisky from their flasks to their own stomachs, 
 demanded that the performance should be repeated in the evening. This demand 
 was refused, whereupon a dispute arose, followed by a fight. In the melee, 
 Martin Heath was struck on the head by a neck-yoke, in the hands of one of 
 the circus men. He was picked up and taken to Manchester, where he was 
 confined to the house for several days. About ten days after the fight, he 
 walked out, with the help of a cane, to where some boys were playing ball. 
 The ball coming in his vicinity, Heath struck at it with his cane, but fell to the 
 ground suddenly, exclaiming, " Oh boys, I have killed myself! " His words 
 were indeed true, for he died durinor the nig-ht. 
 
 Dr. Hamlet, who was said to have been the main cause of the fracas, prudently 
 crawled under a wagon when it began, and remained there until it was safe to 
 come out. Hancock, a Manchester lad, started to run when the fight began. 
 In his course, he stepped on a rake-handle, which broke and one end flew up, 
 giving him a sharp blow on the back of his head : as soon as he could gather, he 
 turned and squared himself toward his fancied assailant, who was nowhere visi- 
 ble, much to his disgust. 
 
 YANKEE SETTLEMENT. 
 
 [Honey Creek Toumship.) 
 
 In the Spring of 1842, two young men, Lorenzo Mulliken and Daniel B. 
 Noble, from "York State" or "Yankee Land," settled in the edge of the Tur- 
 key timber, in the northeastern part of Township 90 — 5 (Honey Creek), on 
 Section 1. Soon after their arrival, Henry W. Lyon and his family settled 
 near them. Lyon appears as a taxpayer in the first assessment roll, in Septem- 
 ber, 1842. He did not remain long. Becoming alarmed after the murder of 
 T. Garden, in February, 1843, he removed to Eads' Grove in the Spring of 
 that year, and the year following went to Missouri. 
 
 In the Fall of 1843, Nelson Steele and family located near Noble and Mul- 
 liken ; and in 1844, Lorenzo's father, Samuel Mulliken, and his family arrived. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 557 
 
 About this time, the new settlement in this part of the county began to be 
 called "Yankee Settlement," from the fact that the settlers were all from 
 "Yankee Land, to distinguish it from other Turkey settlements. The name was 
 not confined to any single section, and the Yankee Setttlement extended into 
 90—4 (Elk), and into Clayton County. 
 
 In 1846, Elder N. W. Bixby and his wife, Ruby, from Williamstown, Vt., 
 located in the Yankee Settlement. Elder Bixby was the first Free- Will Baptist 
 minister who settled in Delaware County. His wife, also, occupied the pulpit, 
 "and," says Mrs. Bailey, "was considered the smarter preacher of the two." 
 
 January 12, 1848, the " Yankee Settlement " post office was established, on 
 Section 1, 90 — 5, and Bohan Noble appointed Postmaster; and in May follow- 
 ing, Joseph S. Belknap, from Barre, Vt., located on the northeast quarter of 
 Section 2, 90 — 5, about a mile west of the post office, and founded the town of 
 " Yankee Settlement," now called Edgewood. At that time, there was but one 
 settler in that vicinity, on the Clayton side, John Gibson, who settled there 
 about 1846. 
 
 In the Spring of 1849, Mr, Belknap built the first house on the site of the 
 future village. This house was afterward used for hotel purposes. In 1852, 
 Mr. Belknap built and opened the first store, and erected several other build- 
 ings in 1853-4. In 1854, he built another store, on the Clayton side, removing 
 thither, selling his claim on this side to Harrison Gifford. 
 
 A Congregational Church was erected in 1854, in which Rev. H. N. Gates 
 first officiated as Pastor, succeeded about 1857, by Rev. A. Graves. Rev. L. 
 P. Mathews occupied the pulpit in 1862. No regular services are held in this 
 house now. Rev. Mr. Amsden, of Manchester, and others, preach there occa- 
 sionally. 
 
 The school house was built in 1855-6. The first hotel was kept by Joseph 
 S. Belknap, about 1852. 
 
 When the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad was built to and through the little 
 town, which is mainly in Clayton County, the name was changed to Edgewood, 
 and that part of the town lying in Delaware was surveyed and platted about 
 1876. 
 
 There are now on the Delaware side, in Edgewood, a hotel, kept by Robert 
 Fairweather ; a store, kept by H. F. Beyer ; a school house and a church. 
 
 The main portion of the town is in Clayton County, where are the railroad 
 station, post office, several stores, Methodist Church and a fine frame school 
 house. 
 
 HAZEL GREEN. 
 
 In the Spring of 1853, Christopher L. Flint settled on Section 11. Brad- 
 ford Crozier and James Sheppard settled during the same year on Section 1, 
 
 Shellhammer settled about one and three-fourth miles north of Flint, 
 
 and some others came in about the same time. 
 
 The first births are said to have been Sarah Shellhammer, in the Spring ot 
 1853, and Matthew Sheppard, October 15, 1853. The first marriage was that 
 of Luther P. Flint and Beulah Blanchard, November, 1854. The first death, 
 Olverson Barnes, in the Summer of 1859. 
 
 ■ Post office established June 18, 1856, Christopher L. Flint. Postmaster. 
 The office was on the route from Delhi to Marion. L. P. Flint was the first 
 
 xn -1 contractor, 
 a^ 
 
558 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 Mrs. Edward Pierce taught the first school, in her own house, in the Winter 
 of 1858-59. The first school house was built in District No. 1, in the Sum- 
 mer of 1859. 
 
 Chris. L. Flint was the first Justice of the Peace in the township. In 1878, 
 A. R. Dickey has a store of general merchandise and the Hazel Green creamery. 
 Mr. Flint still resides on the farm where he first settled, and now owns a fine 
 stock farm of 1,300 acres, and carries about 400 head of cattle. Mr. Flint says 
 that when he first settled there, deer and wolves were very numerous, and could 
 be seen from the house every day. He used $10 Avorth of strychnine in killing 
 wolves in the Winter of 1853-54. Mr. Flint says that the second day after he 
 moved into his shanty, he went to Eads' Grove after a land warrant. When he 
 reached Nelson Main's, within two miles of home, on his return, it was dark, 
 but he thought he could find his way home, only two miles, if it was dark. He 
 started, but soon became bewildered and traveled nearly all night hunting for 
 home, where he finally arrived about 3 o'clock the next morning, weary, 
 hungry and wet, for he had forded the creek several times during the night. 
 
 Until 1857, this township was a part of Union Township, but March 2, 1857, 
 Township 87, Range 5, was established as a political township by the County 
 Court, and called Hazel Green. The Judge issued a warrant according to law, 
 to C. L. Flint, Edmund Barnes and Eri Richardson, to call the first meeting and 
 act as Judiies of Election. At this election, C. L. Flint was elected Justice of 
 the Peace. 
 
 Mr. Flint is one of the Trustees of the Iowa College for the Blind, at 
 Vinton. 
 
 The first church organization in Hazel Green was the Presbyterian Church. 
 It was first organized in Milo, but was immediately moved to what is known as 
 " Guthrie school house," where the first sacrament of the Lord's Supper was 
 administered, in the Summer of 1864. The members of the first organization 
 were Thomas Guthrie, Mrs. Elizabeth Guthrie, Alexander Wilson, Mrs. Jane 
 Wilson, John McCullom, Mrs. Jean McCullom and John Wilson. This organ- 
 ization dissolved May 1, 1871, giving place to the present Congregational 
 society, which was organized about the same time, under the ministrations of 
 Rev. Alvah Day. The fine church building now occupied by this society, near 
 the Golden Prairie post office, was built in 1874-75, and dedicated in 1875. 
 The present Pastor is Rer. E. G. Carpenter, who has been in charge some 
 three years. 
 
 DELAWARE CENTER. 
 
 [Acersville.) 
 
 The town of Delaware Center was laid out in 1853, by Dr. Acers, who had 
 entered the land surrounding in 1851, and settled thereon the same year. 
 The Maquoketa here flowed over a rocky bed, gradually narrowing at the site 
 of the present Quaker Mill to a water bed about six rods wide, and with lime- 
 stone banks over twenty feet high. Here Dr. Acers and his brother Henry 
 erected a saw-milL in 1852, which they soon after leased to Henry Ryan. 
 
 In 1853, Delaware Township was established, with Delaware Center as 
 polling place, and the post office of Delaware Center was established October, 
 1, 1853. 
 
 Edson Merrill settled here this year, opening a blacksmith shop, but removed 
 to Burrington in 1855. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 559 
 
 The same year (1853), a school house was begun, and completed the follow- 
 ing year. Before the building was completed, some time in the Spring of 1854, 
 Rev. B. M. Amsden held religious services therein. Mr. Amsden says a lot 
 of plank for temporary seats were obtained from the saw-mill. Elder John 
 Martindale, of Elk Township, held meetings there soon after. The first school 
 taught in the building was by Mrs. Riley. 
 
 In 1854, A. R. Loomis started a dry goods store, and the election of that 
 year was held therein. Dr. Acers built a flouring-mill the same year, and the 
 indications were that quite a town would spring up. But the golden opportunity 
 was lost when Dr. Acers ftxiled to make satisfactory arrangements with Judge 
 Dyer, in 1854, and compelled the latter to start a new town below. He did 
 not take the " tide at its flood," and consequently Delaware Center was stranded, 
 and its final hope was lost when, in 1856, the railroad was definitely located at 
 Manchester, two miles below. This, and the removal of Mr. Loomis from the 
 town, the year previous, was more than the infint town could bear. It quietly 
 yielded up the ghost, and now exists only in the pages of this history and the 
 memory of the old settlers. 
 
 In the Spring of 1854, Dr. Acers ordered his hired man to build a fire in 
 the yard, as his folks were " ready to make soap," but the order was not obeyed. 
 Returning from some other part of the farm, and observing that no fire was 
 built, the Doctor started one himself. In some way the fire caught the house, 
 and it was burned to the ground. It was a frame structure, and is said to have 
 been the best in the county. Dr. Acei'S and such men as were at hand, among 
 them H. L. Ryan, worked like Trojans, but the fire burnt too fiercely for them. 
 The Dostor went into the cellar and secured a quantity of meat, which he car- 
 ried to a place of safety ; he started back to get some more, but was prevented 
 by Ryan. In this fire was destroyed most of the copies of the book which Dr. 
 Acers had written some years before to prove that the Bible is not inspired. 
 While the conflagration was at its height, sparks flew across the river and set fire 
 to the brush, destroying thousands of saplings. Dr. Acers rebuilt his resi- 
 dence in 1861, a commodious brick structure taking the place of the one 
 destroyed. 
 
 PETERSBURG. 
 
 {Bremen Township.) 
 
 A small village situated on Section 4, 89-3 (Bremen). The first store and 
 first building on the site of the village was built and opened by Barney Sassen, 
 probably about 1873. The post office was established March 7, 1874, Barney 
 Sassen, Postmaster. 
 
 The Catholic Church building was commenced under the pastorate of Rev. 
 John B. Weikman : Building Committee, Adolf Amenn, H. Bohnankamp, 
 Clemens Fraley and Theodore Alldoff. The church was completed in 1874. 
 The present Pastor, Rev. S. Maaspost, assumed the care of the church in Feb- 
 ruary, 1874. 
 
 The Petersburg Catholic School building adjoins the church, and was erected 
 at the same time the church was built. It employs one teacher, and at the 
 close of 1877 reported fifty pupils in attendance. The present teacher is 
 Theodore Alldorf. 
 
560 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 
 
 BUSINESS INTERESTS. 
 
 The present business interests of Petersburg are represented as follows: 
 General Merchandise, Domyer & Sassen, 1875; Rubly & Bro., 1876. Har- 
 ness Maker. Henry Lanpman, 1876. Blacksmith, Joseph Bleeker, 1876; 
 Charles Thome, 1877. Shoemaker, Peter Schmidt, 1875. Wagon Maker, 
 Frank Barnes, 1877 ; H. Hofer. 1877. Millinery, Bertha E. Myers, 1878. 
 
 MILLHEIM. 
 
 [Delaware Township.) 
 
 Millheim was surveyed by Mr. R. Stewart July 21, 1858 ; John and Maria 
 Kaltenbach, proprietors. Its legal location is on the southeast quarter of the 
 northeast quarter of Section 3, Township 89, Range 5 (Delaware). Mr. Kal- 
 tenbach gave the new town the name of his birth-place in Baden, Germany. 
 Mr. K. built a saw-mill in 1853, on Honey Creek, which flows through the 
 town site. Mr. Sherman built the first house in the place, keeping grocery for 
 a while, but left in 1858. Mr. Kaltenbach built a flouring-mill in 1864, but 
 owing to the want of means was unable to get a water wheel of sufiicient power 
 for his business. The mill Avould only grind about four bushels an hour, but 
 Mr. Kaltenbach says the yield of flonr was greater to the bushel than at neigh- 
 boring mills. He disposed of the mill to a Mr. Olmstead, who sold it to Mr. 
 Clugston. It is now owned by T. Holmes. A log church building was erected 
 at Millheim by the citizens of that vicinity in 1868, in which meetings were 
 held by Rev. Mr. Jenkins, of Manchester, and Rev. Mr. Long of Pennsylvania, 
 the latter a Presbyterian. Rev. Mr. Whiting, of Manchester, holds services at 
 Millheim, occasionally, the present Spring. A glove and mitten factory, with a 
 tannery in connection, was started by Chester Burgess six years ago, but the 
 business did not prove remunerative, and he gave it up three years after. 
 
 YORK. 
 
 [Honey Creek Township.) 
 
 This little antiquated and almost defunct town is situated on Section 9, 
 90 — 5, two or three miles southwest of Yankee Settlement or Edgewood. In 
 1854 or 1855, George W. Stewart built the first house and settled there. It 
 was then in York Township, which was then the north half of 90 — 5. In 
 1855, he opened a store in a part of his house ; and in December of that year, 
 the post office of York was established, Mr. Stewart being appointed Postmas- 
 ter. He also kept tavern. 
 
 In 1857, Mr. Stewart laid out a small town and called it " York," which is 
 the subject of this brief sketch. At one time there were two or three stores 
 there, and hopes Avere entertained that the infant town might live and thrive. 
 But when the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad was completed, the sun of York 
 set forever. The post office was discontinued in 1875 ; and now, only one little 
 store, kept by Mrs. W. R. Stewart, remains to mark the spot where the town 
 was located. In 1878, a school house was built near the northwest corner of 
 Section 9. 
 
HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 561 
 
 ELK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The first election in Elk Township, of which record remains, was held at 
 the Corell school house in 1853, when James H. Roe, Job Odell and John Cor- 
 ell were elected Trustees ; H. Davis, Clerk ; Silas N. Talcott and Benjamin 
 Lakin, Justices of the Peace ; Job Odell, Assessor : Henry Mellen, Road Super- 
 visor ; Elias Hutton, Constable. 
 
 BREMEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The first election in Bremen Township was held at the house of Franz 
 Shultz, May 3, 1858. The ofiicers elected were Francis Rubly, Justice of the 
 Peace ; Clemens Bockenstedt, Clerk ; Joseph Lechtenberg, A^nthony Lippert, 
 August Wander, Trustees ; Franz Shultz, Assessor. 
 
 TOO LATE FOR INSERTION IN PROPER PLACE. 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 The first Temperance Society in Manchester was organized in 1856, with 
 thirty members. Dr. Robbins, Secretary. 
 
 The first Aid Society of the M. E. Church was organized August 24, 1863, 
 at the house of Mr. H. Houghton. Officers elected as follows : President, Mrs. 
 A. G. Bailey; Vice President, Mrs. E. E. Jeffries; Managers, Mrs. M. G, 
 Houghton, Mrs. H. Freelove ; Secretary and Treasurer, Sarah J. Nethaway. 
 
JNO. STEWART A CO.'S CENTENNIAL MEDAL. AWARDED FOR BEST BUTTER. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 T^BBREVIA-TIONS. 
 
 »gt agent 
 
 carp carpenter 
 
 elk clerk 
 
 Co company or county 
 
 dlr dealer 
 
 far farmer 
 
 gro grocer 
 
 I. V. A Iowa Volunteer Artillery 
 
 I. v. C Iowa Volunteer Cavalry 
 
 I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 
 
 lab laborer 
 
 mach machinist 
 
 mech mechanic 
 
 mer merchant 
 
 mfr manufacturer 
 
 mkr maker 
 
 P. Post Office 
 
 prop proprietor 
 
 S. or Sec Section 
 
 St street 
 
 supt superintendent 
 
 Treas Treasurer 
 
 DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 (P. 0. MANCHESTER.) 
 
 A BBOTT A. J. cooper. 
 
 Abbott Greo. W. laborer. 
 
 ABBOTT JARED T. Dentist, 
 Franklin street ; was born in Homer, 
 Cortland Co., N. Y., Jan. 2, 1824; when 
 five years old his parents moved to On- 
 ondaga Co., where he resided 28 years, 
 and where he married Frances L. Par- 
 melee Jan. 24, 1850, who was born 
 in New Berlin, Chenango Co., N. Y. ; 
 they moved to Dayton, Ohio, and two 
 years thereafter went to Virginia, resid- 
 ing eight years, returning to Onondaga 
 Co., N. Y. ; Mr. Abbott enlisted as Cap- 
 tain of Company I, 185th N. Y. V. I., 
 and was breveted Major ; emigrated to 
 Iowa in Fall of 1865, settling in Fort 
 Dodge ; went to New York City, but 
 after eighteen months returned to this 
 city. 
 
 Abbott W. G. barber. 
 
 ACERS GEORGE, Farmer, Sec. 
 17 ; born in Warren, Herkimer Co., N. 
 Y., April 23, 1818 ; married Charlotte 
 Scott April 23, 1848, who was born in 
 Duanesburg, Schenectady Co., N. Y., 
 July 6, 1828 ; after marriage they moved 
 to Milford, Otsego Co., N. Y., from 
 which place they emigrated to this 
 county, arriving on June 7, 1850, set- 
 tling in Manchester ; in Oct., 1853, they 
 
 moved on their present farm of 280 
 acres ; they are old pioneer settlers of 
 this county, and to whom its historians 
 are indebted for valuable facts. 
 
 ACERS HE^RY, Farmer and Capi- 
 talist ; was born in Herkimer Co., N. 
 Y., on March 21, 1816; he moved to 
 Wayne Co., N. Y., in 1837 ; married 
 Margaret N. Patterson on April 22, 
 1841 ; she was born in Orange Co., N. 
 Y., June 18, 1820 ; immigrated to 
 Jackson Co., Mich., and after four years 
 residence they came to this Co., arriving 
 in June, 1850 ; Louisa Jane, Wm. H., 
 Wilson, George S. are their children. 
 
 ADAMS IRA P. of the firm of 
 Adams Bros., Dealers in Hardware, 
 Franklin st. ; was born in Essex Co., 
 Vt., July 1, 1832; when about seven 
 years old he moved with his parents to 
 Windsor Co., Vt., and in 1851 he went 
 to Troy, N. Y., and after six years resi- 
 dence he emigrated to this Co., arriving 
 in Jan., 1857, and under the firm name 
 of Adams & Butler, opened the first 
 hardware store in this city ; married 
 Gracia Estabrook Jan. 5, 1858 ; she was 
 born in Essex Co., N. Y., Nov. 5, 1830. 
 
 Abbott J. T. Dentist. 
 
 ADAMS lAICIUS W. of the firm 
 of Adams Bros., Dealers in Hardware ; 
 Franklin st. ; was born in Windsor Co., 
 
 1 
 
566 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Vt., Dec. 30, 1837 ; came to Dubuque 
 Co., Iowa, with hi.« parents when fifteen 
 years old ; came to this Co. in the 
 Spring of 1860. first settling in Prairie 
 Township ; married Celestia A. Benton 
 Dec. 5, 1861, Avho was born in Friend- 
 ship, Allegany Co., N. Y., May 7, 1844 ; 
 they came to Manchester in the Spring 
 of 1862; he was employed by his 
 brother until the Spring of 1865, when 
 he became one of the partners. 
 
 ADAxlIS TRlIMBriili, Retired 
 Farmer, was born in the town of Cav- 
 endish, Windsor County, Vt., April 13, 
 1805; in April, 1826, w'ent to New York 
 State, where he worked eight months, 
 and returned to Vermont; in April, 
 1827, he moved to the city of New 
 York, remaining three years and three 
 months, and again returned to Vermont 
 Jan. 5, 18:-51. Married Cynthia Tarbell 
 who was born in Cavendish, Windsor 
 Co., Vt., July 10, 1809. Emigrated to 
 Dubuque Co., Iowa, returning to Ver- 
 mont in November, 1855 ; April, 1856, 
 returned to Dubuque Co., Iowa, and in 
 November, 1867, went to N. Y., remain- 
 ing until April, 1869, and then came to 
 Manchester, Iowa, and has resided in 
 this city and Prairie Township, with the 
 exception of six months spent in Ver- 
 mont in 1873. 
 
 Adams W. T. hardware. 
 
 Atkinson Z. L. blacksmith. 
 
 Allen Enoch, retired. 
 
 Allen Lemuel, drayman. 
 
 Allen 0. B. farmer, Sec. 11. 
 
 Allen R. farmer, Sec. 3. 
 
 Ames W. A. dentist. 
 
 A^ISDEN BEXJAHIK M. 
 Congregationalist Minister ; was born in 
 W^estfield, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Dec. 
 18, 1818; resided in his native county 
 until about 1840, when he entered the 
 Western Reserve College, in Ohio, and 
 after three years' attendance he went to 
 Williams College, where he graduated 
 in 1846 ; after visiting New Orleans, he 
 went to New Iberia, engaging as tutor 
 in a planter's family; returning to his 
 native county he taught school, after 
 which he attended the Theological Sem- 
 inary at Oberlin, 0., where he gradu- 
 ated, and went to Chautauqua Co., N. Y., 
 laboring in the ministry three years ; 
 emigrated to Belvidere, Boone Co., 111.. 
 
 and in March, 1854, came to this coun- 
 ty, where he bought 40 acres of land,^ 
 where a portion of Manchester now 
 stands. Although he returned to Boone 
 County, where he lived for a few yeara 
 before permanently settling here, he was 
 so often here and so closely allied to her 
 interests, that this county was virtually 
 his home from the above date. In Belvi- 
 dere, Boone Co., 111., he married Reliance 
 Avery, Dec. 4, 1855, who was born in 
 Susquehanna Co., Pa., March 18, 1832. 
 
 Amsden Charles, butter buyer. 
 
 Andrews J. B. carpenter. 
 
 AUCUTT BARNARD, Farmer, 
 Sec. 6 ; was born in Oneida Co., N. 
 Y., April 22, 1846 ; came from native 
 county to this, settling in Honey Creek 
 Township. Married Nancy J. Hurd 
 Sept. 26, 1868 ; she was born in Jeffer- 
 son Co., N. Y., Sept. 27, 1845. 
 
 Aucutt E. W. laborer. 
 
 Andrews Joseph. 
 
 Andrews Lyman, mason. 
 
 Andrews Nathaniel, laborer. 
 
 Annis W. W. farmer, Sec. 8. 
 
 Atwater F. J. druggist. 
 
 AYERS Iv. li. Born at Triadelphia, 
 Morgan Co., Ohio, July 25, 1842 ; re- 
 moved with his parents in the Fall of 
 1854 to Hobart, Ind., and in March,. 
 1855, settled near Viroqua, Wis., at 
 which town he began the printer's trade. 
 Removed to Coffin's Grove, Delaware 
 Co., in 1861 ; taught school three terms, 
 and finished the printer's trade at Man- 
 chester ; worked at Dubuque, in 1866, 
 purchased the Elkader Journal in the 
 Fall of that year, and sold it in a few 
 weeks ; took charge of Delaware Countj 
 Union in January, 1867, which he pub- 
 lished till November, 1872; married 
 Mrs. A. R. Burnside Jan. 1, 1868. 
 Worked as compositor in Des Moines 
 from March, 1873 to March, 1874^ 
 mainly instrumental in establishing the 
 Manchester Democrat in 1875, which 
 he edited until May, 1878, from which 
 position he has just retired. Has two 
 daughters by brevet. 
 
 TD ABCOCK R. A. billiard hall. 
 
 Bailey E. F. clerk. 
 
 BAILEY JOEL. HOiy. Proba- 
 bly the oldest settler now living in Del- 
 aware County, and who for forty years 
 
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 567 
 
 has been closely identified with its 
 growth, development and present pros- 
 perity, is a native of Middlefield, Otsego 
 County, New York ; he was born Jan. 
 6th, 1814, and is consequently now 
 61 years of age. By the death of his 
 last surviving parent he was left an 
 orphan at the age of 9 years ; five 
 years later when in his 15th year, he 
 went to live with an older brother, 
 who taught him the trade of making 
 gun barrels ; about this time he had 
 an opportunity of studying survey- 
 ing, which he gladly embraced, thus 
 early securing a thorough knowledge of 
 this valuable profession, which has been 
 of great service to him through life ; in 
 the Fall of 1835, he left the scenes of 
 his childhood's joys and sorrows, the 
 dingy, smoky shop, where with black- 
 ened hands he had toiled many a weary 
 hour, and traveling toward the sunset, 
 landed in Milwaukee, when that now 
 flourishing city was scarcely a respecta- 
 ble hamlet, and boarded through the 
 Winter at the first hotel, which was in 
 the first frame house built in that place, 
 and was kept by a half-breed and his 
 squaw wife ; in the Spring of 1836, he 
 attached himself to a party of Govern- 
 ment engineers, and spent six months 
 surveying on Rock River without seeing 
 a single cabin, white settler or other 
 signs of civilization. In the Spring of 
 1837, he came to Iowa with a party of 
 Government engineers, and assisted in 
 surveying the south half of Delaware 
 County, and parts of Dubuque and 
 Buchanan, and in Jan., 1838, returned 
 to Milwaukee. The following Spring, 
 in company with John and Cyrus Keeler, 
 who were from Delaware Co., New York, 
 he returned to Delaware Co., la., where 
 they made claims and built a cabin on the 
 banks of the South Fork of the Maquo- 
 keta River, at what is now known as 
 Bailey's Ford. They " bached it," as it 
 was then called, and broke some twenty 
 acres of prairie ; the first breaking of any 
 considerable amount at that time done in 
 the county. Their only neighbor within 
 ten miles was J. W. Penn, who had 
 made a claim some four or five miles 
 east of them. Judge Bailey was active 
 in the organization of Delaware County ; 
 was one of the committee who selected 
 
 the location for the county seat, and the 
 present town of Delhi, and was the firat 
 County Surveyor, which position he has 
 repeatedly filled. In April, 184-4, he 
 married Miss Arabella Coffin, daughter 
 of Judge Clement Coffin, of Coffin's 
 Grove. This union was blessed with 
 several children, their eldest, Clement 
 James, being the first white child born 
 in Milo Township. In 1849, he was 
 employed in the Government survey on 
 the Shellrock and Cedar Rivers in Iowa. 
 Becoming infected with the California 
 fever in 1850, he made the overland 
 trip with a four horse team from Council 
 Bluffs to the coast in seventy-five days. 
 He remained in California about one 
 year and experienced the pleasures, 
 privations and various vicissitudes of 
 changing fortune, which were the com- 
 mon experience of all who in those early 
 days visited that fabulous land of gold. 
 He returned to Iowa in 1851, by the 
 way of Panama, Kingston and New York. 
 The next year he was elected School 
 Fund Commissioner for Delaware Co., 
 and during his term of office sold most of 
 the school lands in the county. In the 
 Summer of 1854, he was engaged in the 
 Government survey on Root and Canon 
 Rivers in Minnesota, and in 1855, in the 
 northern part of Wisconsin on the head 
 waters of the Chippewa River. That same 
 Spring, he was commissioned Postmaster 
 at Bailey's Ford, then a stopping place on 
 the stage line from Dubuque to Independ- 
 ence. Since then he has held the office of 
 County Treasurer, Recorder and County 
 Judge, and has been twice elected Mayor 
 of Manchester where he now resides. 
 Judge Bailey is one of those genial, 
 warm-hearted men who are loved and 
 respected by all who know them inti- 
 mately and well. Two-thirds of his some- 
 what eventful life has been spent here, 
 and could a more extended and minute 
 account of his life-struggle be written, 
 it would reveal many interesting inci- 
 dents and a pretty accurate history of 
 the progress and growth of the county 
 which has so long been his home, and 
 where he has freely given the vigorous 
 strength of his youthful manhood and 
 the more matured wisdom of advanced 
 years in accelerating its development 
 and securing its future prosperity. 
 
568 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Baldwin D. W. 
 
 BAI^LARD D. P. Dealer in Horses 
 and Retired Farmer ; was born in 
 Collins, Erie Co., N. Y., Oct. 22, 1826 ; 
 at 1 1 years old, went to Cattaraugus 
 Co., N. y., and from there to Du Page 
 Co., 111., in 1855; in June of the fol- 
 lowing year, he caane to this county, 
 settling in Honey Creek, and to this city 
 in Sept. 1870; married Jan. 1, 1850, 
 Mary Lines, who was born in Booneville, 
 Oneida Co., N. Y., May 3, 1822, at the 
 age of 12, moved to the town of New 
 Albion, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., with 
 her parents. 
 Barnd A. renter. Sec. 9. 
 BarnerdB.S. renter, Sec. 19. 
 Barr E. F. farmer. Sec. 20. 
 Bates Alex, blacksmith. 
 Bates H. L. blacksmith. 
 Beardsley A. L. agricultural implements. 
 BEL.KNAP JOJ^EPH S. Mer 
 chant and President Delaware County 
 Bank; was born in Washington Co., 
 Vt., Oct., 10, 1818 ; at the age of 18, 
 he went to Uxbridge, Mass., commenc- 
 ing life by working by the month ; the 
 same Fall he went to Wethersfield, Vt., 
 and then to Springfield, Vt., and to 
 New York City ; going South, he re- 
 sided a short time in New Orleans, Mo- 
 bile and St. Louis, and in May, 1840, 
 he settled in Belvidere, Boone Co., 111. ; 
 he came to this county, first taking up 
 a claim in Yankee Settlement (now 
 Edgewood) ; in 1862, he came to this 
 city. Married, in Boone Co., Mariah E. 
 Gibson, Oct. 21, 18-45 ; she was born in 
 Canada West Aug. 31, 1824. 
 Belknap J. L. merchant. 
 BKTHELL. FRANCIS (Toogood 
 & Bethell, Proprietors of Clarence 
 House) ; born April 3, 1827, in Wed- 
 more, Somersetshire, England ; remained 
 at home until the year 1850, when 
 he came to America, and to Dyersville, 
 Dubuque County, Iowa, where he re- 
 mained until the Spring of 1854, when 
 he went to Baldwinsville, N. Y., near 
 Syracuse ; returned to Dyersville in 
 July of same year; visited the present 
 site of Manchester with Judge James 
 Dyer in December, 1854, and when 
 Main and Franklin streets were laid out 
 at that time he selected two lots in the 
 Northwest angle of these streets, paying 
 
 $25 for one and receiving the gift of the 
 other, on condition of building a hotel 
 thereon ; returned to Dyersville Jan. 1, 
 1855, where he met Thomas Toogood, 
 just arrived from New York, with 
 whom, in March following, returned to 
 Burrington and commenced building 
 the Clarence House on the lots selected, 
 completing a part during that Summer 
 and burlding an addition the following 
 year ; has been a member of the firm 
 of Toogood & Bethell, proprietors of 
 the Clarence House, from that date to 
 the present ; the house was replaced 
 with the present fine brick building in 
 1875 ; married at Auburn, N. Y., July 
 10, 1854, to Miss Jane Toogood, 
 daughter of James and Jennie (Wilcox) 
 Toogood, born near Wells, England, 
 March 24, 1826 ; two children — oldest, 
 born in 1855, lived only 24 hours ; Min- 
 nie, born Dec. 12, 1858, died Novem- 
 ber, 1864. 
 Billings Albert, laborer. 
 BLAIR Alios S. Attorney at 
 Law; ofiice over Delaware County 
 Bank, Franklin street ; was born in 
 Perry, Genesee Co. (now Wyoming 
 Co.), N. Y., on Aug. 24, 1831; 
 his parents moved to Lorain Co., Ohio, 
 in 1835, and then to Huron Co., Ohio. 
 At a session of the Supreme Court held 
 in Perrysburg, Wood Co., Ohio, the 
 subject of this sketch was admitted to 
 .he bar. In the Spring of 1854 emi- 
 grated to McGregor, Iowa, in Aug., 
 1856, and in May of the following year 
 he returned to Ohio, where he married 
 Laura Bloomer, on May 5, 1857 ; she 
 was born in Sherman, Huron Co., Ohio, 
 Aug, 20, 1836; in May 1857, they 
 moved to Prairie du Chien, Wis., resid- 
 ing until they came to this county, which 
 was on Oct. 16, 1858. 
 BL.AKE AESON H. General 
 Commission Merchant, Purchaser of 
 Butter and Eggs ; was born in 
 Milton, Chittenden County, Vermont, 
 October 14, 1840; married Frankie 
 Granger, Sept. 21, 1865; she was born 
 in Milton, Chittenden Co., Vt., July 
 13, 1844,; in Feb., 1867, they emi- 
 grated to Volga City, Clayton Co., 
 Iowa, where he was engaged in mercan- 
 tile trade, and at which place he owns 
 and controls a general store ; in 1875, 
 
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ■569 
 
 he came to this city, and in July, 1876, 
 commenced his present business ; does 
 a business in this city of $140,000.00 
 per year ; bouglit and shipped four car 
 loads of butter in ten days in June, 
 1877 ; in Augrist and September, same 
 year, bought and shipped to New York 
 50,000 dozen eggs. 
 
 Blake C. A. retired merchant. 
 
 BLA^CHARD URI C. Farmer, 
 Sec. 1, P. 0. Greeley ; born in Onondaga 
 Co., N. Y., April 26, 1814 ; emigrated 
 to Perry Co., Ind., with parents in 1816, 
 where he resided until he came to this Co. 
 in April, 1846, and where he married 
 Martha Hutson Feb. 3, 1854, who was 
 born in Parke Co., Ind., May 22, 1834. 
 
 Blodgett James, laborer. 
 
 Bloodhurst Sylvanus, laborer. 
 
 Bloss Clarence, furniture finisher. 
 
 Bloss M. F. finisher. 
 
 Bloss W. H. laborer. 
 
 Boardman J. R. laborer. 
 
 BOYIVTON WM. X. Jeweler and 
 Dealer in Watches, Clocks and Musical 
 Instruments, Main street ; was born in 
 Stephenson Co., 111., April 23, 1842 
 married Julia Gaylord Feb. 16, 1870 
 she was born in Winnebago Co., 111. 
 moved to Galena, 111., residing there four 
 years ; came to this county Feb. 22, 
 1859, where he has been engaged in his 
 present business. 
 
 BRADIiEY CHARI.es C, M. 
 
 I>. of the firm of Bradley & Sherman, 
 ofi&ce on Franklin street, was born in 
 Allegany County, N. Y., May 5, 1842; 
 enlisted in the 136th, N. Y. V. I., serv- 
 ing until the close of the war. Com- 
 menced the study of medicine in Bush- 
 ford, Allegany Co., N. Y., 1860, and 
 entered Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- 
 lege, N. Y., Sept. 1, 1865; graduated 
 Feb. 27, 1867. He married Cornelia L. 
 Merritt Sept. 4, 1866 ; she was born in 
 Angelica, Allegany County, N. Y., 
 August 23, 1842. Came to this 
 county June- 20, 1867, settling in this 
 city. 
 
 Brady Charles, laborer. 
 
 Brazell Charles. 
 
 Bremner Wm. Sr. farmer. 
 
 Bremner Wm. Jr. laborer. 
 
 Briggs Thomas, laborer. 
 
 BROXNOX CHAS. E. HON. 
 Manchester, whose portrait appears in 
 
 this work, was born in Lee Center, 
 Oneida Co., N. Y., Nov. 21, 1841, his 
 parents being early settlers of that 
 county. In October, 1855, they moved 
 to Iowa City, Iowa, their son Charles 
 coming with them ; while there, he 
 attended school until the age of 20 ; in 
 the Spring of 1864, he went to Chicago, 
 and after pursuing a course of study in 
 Bryant & Stratton's Commercial Col- 
 lege, graduated from that institution in 
 the Fall of the same year ; he then re- 
 turned to Iowa City, and studied law in 
 the office of Fairall & Boal, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1866; immedi- 
 ately after he came to Manchester, 
 where he has practiced his profession 
 ever since, having acquired a large and 
 lucrative practice. In the Fall of 1877, 
 he was elected on the Democratic ticket 
 to the Senate of Iowa, to fill a vacancy, 
 for the term of two years ; he was ap- 
 pointed one of the Senate Committee to 
 investigate matters connected with the 
 Iowa Penitentiary. Married Miss Jen- 
 nie E. Sheldon, at Earlville, June 29, 
 1868; she was born in Cuyahoga Co., 
 Ohio, in December, 1848 ; they have 
 five children, all boys — Earl, Wirt, Lee, 
 Byron and Henry. 
 
 Bronson C. H. lecturer. 
 
 BROXSON CLARK M. Dealer 
 in Singer Sewing Machines and Musical 
 Instruments, was born in Oneida Co., 
 N. Y., June 17, 1817. Married Abby 
 Cornish Oct. 14, 1840 ; she was born in 
 Oneida County, N. Y., July 14, 1817. 
 Moved in 1849, to Cuba, Allegany Co., 
 N. Y., and after three years residence 
 went to Camden, Oneida Co., N. Y.; in 
 1854 they went to Worcester Co., Mass.; 
 emigrated to Iowa in 1855, settling in 
 Iowa City, and May 20, 1865, came to 
 this city, where he has been engaged in 
 his present business. 
 
 Brook G. E. hotel. 
 
 Brook Richard, hotel. 
 
 BROOK|i$ R. L.. Farmer, Sec. 34 ; 
 was born in Otsego Co., N., Y., in 1837, 
 and lived there until 1852, then moved 
 to Michigan, where he remained five 
 years, and then came to this county ; 
 married Lodiska C. Holcomb, of Pa., 
 in 1861 ; owns 76 acres of land; Re- 
 publican ; Congregational. 
 
 Brown Henry, farmer. Sec. 10. 
 
570 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 Brown Peter, laborer. 
 Brown Seth, boots and shoes. 
 BROWX WILLIS E. Drugs, 
 Stationery and Bookseller, Franklin 
 street ; was born in Kane Co., 111., 
 Sept. 4, 1842 ; he came from Kane Co., 
 to this in Aug. 1855, settling in Rich- 
 land Township ; came to this city in 
 1S6U, when he enlisted in the 21st I. V. 
 I., in May 1862, and was honorably dis- 
 charged in July, 1805. Married T. E. 
 Warner May 16, 1866, who was born in 
 Richmondville, Schoharie Co., N. Y., 
 Sept. 25, 1845; Mr. Brown has been 
 one of the City Councilmen for the past 
 five years. 
 Brownell George, agent meat market. 
 Brownell H. W. farmer. 
 Brvne Morris, farmer. 
 BUCKLEY CtJEORGE R. Dealer 
 in Lumber, Lath, Shingles, Doors, Sash, 
 Blinds and Coal ; office and yard near 
 L C. R. R. depot ; born in Friendship, 
 Allegany Co., N. Y., Feb. 4, 1824; 
 in 1857, he went to Pa., where he 
 learned the millwright trade, after which, 
 in the Fall of 1859, he emigrated to 
 Pike Co., 111., where he was engaged 
 in bridge building; in 1850 he went to 
 the Chippewa River, Wis., but after three 
 years returned to N. Y. ; returning to 
 the West he went to Minn., engaging 
 in the lumber trade, and where he mar- 
 ried Elizabeth J. Kelley, Oct. 9, 1856 ; 
 she was born in N. H., in 1825 ; in 
 1861, Mr. Buckley enlisted in the 6th 
 Minn. V. I., and participated in the 
 Fort Snelling massacre ; he was dis- 
 charged and went to Winona, Minn., 
 and in 1863 entered the Quartermaster's 
 Department at Chattanooga, but was 
 soon appointed to superintend the build- 
 ing of the bridge at this point ; he sub- 
 sequently went to Atlanta, Ga., and 
 Nashville, Tenn. ; in 1865, he came to 
 St. Louis; Mr. B. came to this State, 
 first settling in Dubuque, Oct., 1867, 
 became to this Co., settling in this city. 
 
 Buller J. M., hardware. 
 
 Burdict R. R. 
 
 Burgess Wm. lalxirer, Sec. 3. 
 
 Burnett H. A. carriage trimmer. 
 
 Burnett J. M. tinner. 
 
 Burnside Chas. merchant. 
 
 Bnrrington Dwight, laborer. 
 
 Bur ington John H. retired farmer. 
 
 Burrington Vernon, laborer. 
 
 Bushnell J. 0. farmer, Sec. 14. 
 
 Buhler Max. clothier. 
 
 BUTLER IRA U. Dealer in Hard- 
 ware, Main street, was born in Owe- 
 go, Tioga Co., N. Y., April 25, 1832 ; 
 moved with parents when quite young 
 to Erie, Pa., where he resided about 
 five years, after which he went to West 
 Springfield, Pa., and in 1847, he emi- 
 grated to Conneaut, 0. In 1850, he 
 went to Milwaukee, Wis., and in 1853 
 went to Norwalk, Ohio ; after moving 
 to Chicago and Dubuque, la., he came 
 to this county, arriving June 17, 1857, 
 settling in this city. He married Hattie 
 M. Lowell, in August, 1859, who was 
 born in Ontario County, N. Y., March 
 19, 1840. 
 
 /^ARKEEK T. T. carp, and builder. 
 
 €ARR EDWIl^ M. Attorney at 
 Law, City Hall Block, Franklin street, 
 was bora in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., 
 June 28, 1850 ; emigrated to this coun- 
 ty from native county in August, 1857 ; 
 attended State University of Iowa, at 
 Iowa City ; graduated in the law de- 
 partment June 25, 1872, at which time 
 he was adniittad to the Bar. Came to 
 this city in April, 1872, and married 
 Oct. 18, 1873, Emma C. Preussner, who 
 was born in Chicago Sept. 5, 1852. 
 Edward and Hubert are their children. 
 
 Carroll M. J. bookkeeper. 
 
 Carey F. F. clerk. 
 
 Carpenter C. H. capitalist. 
 
 Carter A. C. painter. 
 
 Casterline H. H. renter. 
 
 Cates F. A. cooper. 
 
 Cates M. L. painter. 
 
 CATTRON WILLIAM, Mer- 
 chant; was born in Washington Co., 
 Ind., and when one year old his parents 
 removed to Fountain Co., Ind., but 
 after ten years moved to La Porte Co., 
 Ind., where he married Judith Eahart, 
 April 9, 1843, who was born in Vir- 
 ginia Aug. 15, 1824. They emigrated 
 to this county in May, 1854, settling in 
 Oneida Township, opening the first store 
 in Plum Spring (now Greeley) in 1855 ; 
 in Dec, 1859, he moved to Earlville, 
 and to this city in the Fall of 1863. 
 
 Chamberlain John, livery. 
 
 Chapel J. L. laborer. 
 
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP 
 
 571 
 
 CAWIiEY WILLIAM C. Post- 
 master; was born in Northampton Co., 
 Pa., on Feb. 16, 1836 ; married Abby A. 
 Milks June 5, 1860 ; she was born in 
 Erie Co., Pa., on Aug. 22, 1843; Mr. 
 Cawley went, when quite young, with 
 parents to Union Co., Pa., and when 18 
 years old immigrated to Iowa, settling in 
 Dyersville ; came to this city in April 
 13, 1858 ; in April. 1869, he was ap- 
 pointed Postmaster, which office he 
 now holds. 
 
 Chapel E. H. painter. 
 
 ■Cheney A. B. 
 
 Chevalier J. P. laborer. 
 
 CHIIiDS WATTSON, Farmer, 
 Sec. 22 ; born in Leroy, Jefferson Co., 
 N. Y., April 14, 1832 ; in 1842. he re- 
 moved to Madison Co., and the following 
 Spring to Oneida Co., where he resided 
 until the Fall of 1854 ; emigrated to 
 Earlville, La Salle Co., 111., in 1855. 
 The same year he went to Iowa, but re- 
 turned to 111., where he worked by the 
 month and taught school until 1857, 
 when he again came to Iowa, and to 
 this county; the Winter of 1858-9 he 
 spent in Chickasaw Co., Iowa, but again 
 returned here. Married Prusilla Shel- 
 don Nov. 10, 1859, who was born in 
 Lee, Oneida Co., N. Y., Sept. 13, 1833 ; 
 they moved on their present farm in 
 April, 1863, on which they have made 
 all the improvements. 
 
 Clark A. C. starch factory. 
 
 Clark 0. D. blacksmith. 
 
 Clemens E. 0. farmer. Sec. 4. 
 
 Clough J. A. laborer. 
 
 Clugston James, farmer. Sec. 12. 
 
 €OFFIN_ CLEMENT, deceased ; 
 was born in Edgarton, Martha's Vine- 
 yard, Mass., Aug. 25, 1796. He was 
 the youngest child of Capt. Edy Coffin, 
 and of the sixth generation in descent 
 from Fristram Coffin, who emigrated 
 from the County of Devon, England, 
 and settled in Massachusetts, in the 
 town of Nftwberry, now called New- 
 buryport. The first English record is 
 of Sir Richard Coffin, one of the 
 Knights who came with William the 
 Conquerer from Normandy, France. The 
 race has always been remarkable for 
 mental and physical ability, vigor and 
 longevity. Capt. Coffin removed his 
 family to Williamsburg, Hampshire Co., 
 
 Mass., in May, 1801, and died there in 
 1821. His son, Clement, was married 
 April IG, 1817, in Williamsburg, to 
 Miss Susan Williams, of the same 
 place, a lady of superior ability, both 
 natural and acquired. They had eight 
 children, three died in early childhood 
 the others were Elizabeth Williams 
 wife of Henry Baker, who died in 1859 
 Arabella Gere, wife of Joel Bailey 
 Susan Corisandee, wifeofLeander Keyes 
 Jerome Watson, and Sarah Ann Vincent, 
 wife of Ray B. Griffin. The family re- 
 moved to Michigan in 1835, settling on 
 the disputed tract of land afterward 
 ceded to Ohio, in what is now Fulton 
 County, then Williams. In 1840, thev 
 came to Iowa, and settled in the grove 
 that bears his name, and where Judge 
 Coffin died, July 25, 1867. He was a 
 man independent in his purposes and 
 judgments, naturally of a noble nature, 
 keen perceptions, (juick in thought and 
 expression, kind feelings, however un- 
 favorably manifested in sudden expres- 
 sions, still kind, as many a house of 
 sickness and heart of sorrow can testify ; 
 a man with traits nobler if sharper than 
 common. Punctuality, activity, energy 
 and fidelity in the discharge of his duties 
 marked his character. He was the first 
 Judge of Probate of Delaware County ; 
 was one of the first Board of Trustees 
 appointed by the Legislature for the 
 Agricultural College at Ames. Without 
 soliciting it, was appointed Postmaster 
 by President Taylor and held it many 
 years, sending in his resignation, when, 
 by reason of advancing years, the duties 
 became a burden. In politics he was a 
 Democrat. 
 
 Colman L. A. retired miller. 
 
 Cummerford Geo. restaurant. 
 
 Congar E, J. druggist. 
 
 Conffar E. R. banker. 
 
 COl^OAR HEXRY M. one of 
 the firm of Congar Bros., Bankers ; 
 was born in Wyoming County, N. Y., 
 March 31, 1832; when nine years 
 old, he moved to Whitewater, Wal- 
 worth County, Wis., and on Sept. 9, 
 1856, he married Cynthia L. Leffing- 
 well, who was born in Chautauqua Co., 
 N. Y., June 25, 1832 ; the same year, 
 he came to this county, and in May of 
 the following year engaged in mercantile 
 
572 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 trade, continuing fifteen years ; opened 
 their present bank in Jan., 1875; has 
 thiee children. 
 
 Conirar R. M. clerk. 
 
 Conley J. F. barber. 
 
 Connell W. H. 
 
 Conner Aaron, clerk. 
 
 Conner F. M. laborer. 
 
 Connery John, laliorer. 
 
 Cooley, J. C. fanner, Sec. 32. 
 
 Cooley J. A. clerk. 
 
 Cooley N. W. carpenter. 
 
 COOLEY WARD €. deceased, 
 born in Grafton County, N. H., July 
 31, 1813; married Sally W. Priest, 
 February 23. 1837, who was born 
 in Grafton Co., N. H., July 31, 1814; 
 they emigrated to this Co., settling on 
 their present farm, Dec. 2, 1859; here 
 Mr. Cooley died Oct. 6, 1865. San- 
 ford Mason, who was born in Chenango 
 Co., N. Y., June 13, 1830, and married 
 their second daughter, Rosetta, Aug. 8, 
 1866, resides with his mother-in-law on 
 Sec. 32. 
 
 Cooley W. A. merchant. 
 
 COOX AMOS F. Farmer, Sec. 23; 
 born in Washington Co., N. Y., April 
 8, 1815; in Feb., 1817, he moved with 
 his parents to Wyoming Co., where on 
 Jan. 5, 1837, he married Susannah 
 Wheeler, who was born in Otsego Co., 
 N. Y., Sept. 9. 1808; they emigrated 
 to Allen Co.. Ind.. in the Spring of 
 1837, and in the Spring of 1857, came 
 to this Co., settling in this Township ; 
 owns 1 .(too acres of land in this Co. ; 
 Allen F. Coon, his son, was born in 
 Allen Co.. Ind., Oct. 5. 1843, and mar- 
 ried Delilah M. Andrews, Jan. 19, 1876; 
 she was born in Allen Co.. Ind., Sept. 15, 
 1851. 
 
 Coon Allen F. farmer : Sec. 23. 
 
 COOX E. SPAIXDIXG, Farmer, 
 Sec. 23 ; burn in Allen Co., Ind., March 
 3, 1840; came to this Co. with his 
 parents in the Spring of 1857 ; he set- 
 tled on and improved his present farm 
 in 1866 ; married Sarah J. Hunt, April 
 26, 1S62, whd was born in La Porte 
 Co., Ind.. and who died in this county; 
 again married Puttie Coleson, June 17, 
 1877, who was born in Delaware Co., 
 Iowa. Mav 18, 1857. 
 
 COTTON MOREI.L, Druggist, 
 was born in C(jrtlaud ,Counly, N. Y., 
 
 March 30, 1835 ; in 1855, he moved to 
 Tioga County, Pa., where he was en- 
 gaged in the lumber trade, after which 
 he was employed by the Blossburg and 
 Erie railroads. He married Ruana H. 
 Weeks, in December, 1861 ; she was 
 born in Northampton, Mass. They came 
 to this county, settling in this city in 
 June, 1857. Have two children — George 
 M. and Emma J. 
 
 COVEY JAMES H. (deceased), 
 born in Cayuga County, N. Y., No- 
 vember 3, 1810. Married Mary Bereau 
 January 13, 1840, who was born in 
 Cayuga County, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1819. 
 They resided in Venice, Scipio and Sem- 
 pronius, Cayuga Co., N. Y., and then 
 emigrated to Seneca County, 0., where 
 they resided until Nov. 25, 1854, when 
 they came to this county, settling in 
 Manchester- came to their present farm, 
 where Mr. Covey died Sept. 5, 1872. 
 
 Cronk C. S. farmer. Sec. 34. 
 
 Cronk Oliver, farmer. Sec. 19. 
 
 CROSBY CHAS. STETSOX, 
 Attorney at Law ; born in Hampden, 
 Penobscot Co., Maine, Oct. 2, 1824. 
 Graduated at Bowdoin College, Bruns- 
 wick, Me., in the class of 1846; read 
 law with Edward Kent and Jonas Cut- 
 ting, lately Judges of Supreme Court 
 of Maine ; and at the Cambridge Law 
 School in 1847-8 ; came to Manchester 
 in 1867. 
 
 Crosby, P. S. gardener. 
 
 CROSBY THEOPHII.US, Pro- 
 prietor of Pleasant Hill Farm, Nursery 
 and Garden, Sec. 32 ; was born in Frank- 
 lin Co., Mass. July 12, 1812; married 
 Abigail C. Thayer Oct. 26, 1836, who 
 was born in Franklin Co., Mass., Aug. 
 28, 1813. The day they were married 
 moved to Springfield, Mass. In 1837, 
 they moved to Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, go- 
 ing to Cleveland in 1846 ; from there 
 they emigrated to this township, arriving 
 October 26, 1853, settling in Ead's 
 Grove Dec. 4 ; came to their present 
 place in March, 1869. 
 
 Cross 0. M. book agent. 
 
 Crosier S. 0. carpenter. 
 
 ~pvAY ALVAH, preacher. 
 
 DAVIS WIIiL-IAM O. Farmer; 
 formerly of this county ; was born in 
 Canada December 18, 1848; he came 
 
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 573 
 
 to this county with hisparents, who now 
 reside in Coffin's Grove Township, when 
 quite young, and has been a resident 
 of this phice until recently. He mar- 
 ried on March 19, 1875, Tinnie Stimp- 
 son, who was born in Climax, Kalama- 
 zoo Co., Mich., Feb. 18, 1855; she has 
 been engaged in school teaching, a 
 position she has fliithfully filled, as she 
 undoubtedly will all other avocations of 
 life. 
 
 Day Chas. H. express agent. 
 
 Day H. M. commercial agent. 
 
 DEJI^fTON XIXSOX (deceased), 
 whose portrait appears in this work, 
 was born in Carlisle, Eng., April 4, 
 1832 ; emigrated with his parents to 
 New York City when a boy. Here he 
 received an excellent education, espe- 
 cially in mathematics. In 1850, he 
 came to Chicago with his parents, and, 
 upon the death of his father by cholera 
 in 1857, sought employment as an 
 engineer binder R. B. Mason, who was 
 then pioneering the construction of the 
 Illinois Central, but was obliged to 
 accept a subordinate position until a 
 vacancy occurred. He was engaged in 
 the construction of the Illinois Central 
 from Springfield to Dunleith. Mr. Den- 
 ton was married at Clinton, 111., to 
 Mary A. Magill Jan. 5, 1859. In 
 1856, as a partner in the contracting firm 
 of Magill, Denton & Co., he began the 
 construction of the Dubuque & Pacific 
 Railroad, and continued as a contractor 
 for the road until it was extended to 
 Cedar Falls in 1859. He again be- 
 came a partner in the firm that extended 
 the same road to Fort Dodge, and for 
 several years after was engaged in vari- 
 ous contracts, among them being a road 
 from Cincinnati northward, the Du- 
 buque & Minnesota Road, and a branch 
 of the Northwestern in Northern Michi- 
 gan. Mr. Denton settled in Manchester 
 in 1856, and when the town was incor- 
 porated in 1866, was elected a member 
 of the Council, which place he held for 
 two years. In 1866, when Congress 
 passed the law organizing the Northern 
 Pacific Railway Company, Mr. Denton 
 was made one of the incorporators. He 
 soon after visited Duluth, but, being 
 doubtful of the pecuniary results, al- 
 lowed his opportunity to pass, even 
 
 refusing $5,000 for his place in the 
 company. In 1866, in connection with 
 J. E. Ainsworth, of Dubuque, he incor- 
 porated the Manchester Manufacturing 
 Company, and built the shops the same 
 year. Two or three years after, he 
 became sole owner, and, in 1877, trans- 
 ferred the property to the Delaware 
 County Manufiicturing Company. In 
 1867, he began to improve the tract of 
 land just west of Manchester, now 
 called " Oak Grove Farm," and in the 
 Winter of 1873-4, he purchased most 
 of the blooded stock formerly owned by 
 R. A. Babbage, in Butler Co., and 
 entered with zest upon the live stock 
 business. In 1875, he again became a 
 member of the Town Council, and the 
 Silsby fire engine being purchased that 
 year, it was by common consent named 
 " N. Denton," and the company organ- 
 ized to man it bears also the same name. 
 Early in December, 1877, Mr. Denton 
 started to Brenham, Tex., with a num- 
 ber of cattle and horses for sale, but 
 being injured on the way — the conse- 
 quences of a sharp collision on a side- 
 track of another car with that in which 
 he was traveling — he died at Denison, 
 Tex., Jan. 8 1878, leaving a widow, 
 four sons — William M., Robert A., 
 Fred H. and Harry R., and two daugh- 
 ters, Mary R. and Kate E., to deplore 
 his untimely death. His remains were 
 sent home and interred in Manchester 
 Cemetery on the 14th, a procession of 
 Manchester Lodge, A., F. and A. M., 
 swelled in numbers by members of 
 neighboring lodges, and the three fire 
 companies escorting his remains to the 
 grave. Mr. Denton was justly regarded 
 as a most enterprising citizen, and liberal 
 toward all deserving enterprises. He 
 had accumulated a considerable fortune, 
 and was a Director in the Delaware 
 County Bank from its organization. 
 Before closing this sketch it is but jus- 
 tice to him to state that, upon the death 
 of his father, when he was but 19 years 
 of age, he undertook the charge and 
 maintenance of his mother and family, 
 a charge, in the words of his aged 
 mother, " he faithfully and tenderly 
 fulfilled, and he bears a noble record as 
 a devoted son and a kind and considerate 
 brother. May the Lord be his reward." 
 
574 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 Dillon Edward, laborer. 
 Dillon John J. laborer. 
 DICKIXSOX RUFrS, Farmer, 
 Sec. 12 ; born in Albany Co., N. Y., 
 March 1-i, 1826 ; came to this county 
 in May 1 853, locating land in the above 
 Section, and then went to Kane Co., 111., 
 where he was occupied on a farm until 
 the Fall of that year (185-4), when he 
 again came to this county, working by 
 the month in Epworth and other 
 places, until the following year, when 
 he commenced the improvement of 
 his farm and on which he has since 
 resided. 
 Dodson C. M. 
 
 DOCiJCiJETT SIMEON L. Attor- 
 ney at Law ; was born in Charleston, S. 
 C, March 29, 1829 ; in 1837, moved 
 to Worcester Co., Mass., where he 
 studied law and was admitted to the bar 
 of the Supreme Court of that State 
 in 1856; emigrated to this State May 
 28, 1857, settling in Dubuque, where 
 he married Mary A. White, July 15, 
 1857 ; she was born in Pittsfield, Otse- 
 go Co., N. Y., Aug. 4, 1830 ; they came 
 to this county in Aug., 1858 ; Mr. D. 
 taught the select high school in this city 
 from 1858 to 1864, and has been Mayor 
 of this city five years. 
 
 Doolittle W. J. wason maker. 
 
 DOKMAN CHARL.es W. Den- 
 tist, City Hall Block, Franklin street ; 
 was born in Schoharie Co., N. Y., Dec. 
 8, 1838; in 1856, he went to Jersey 
 City, N. J., and to Delaware Co., N. Y., 
 where he studied law, after which he 
 crossed the plains to Pike's Peak and 
 then to California, where he remained 
 about five years, and in the meantime 
 returned to N. Y., and married Helen 
 F. Manchester March 27, 1864; she 
 was born in Saratoga Co.. N". Y., May 
 1, 1845 ; emigrated to the this State in 
 1867, crossing the plains from CaUfor- 
 nia, in a wagon with his wife and two 
 children, settling in Fayette Co. ; came 
 to this county in April, 1872, commenc- 
 ing his present business. 
 
 Dowd John, farmer. Sec. 1. 
 
 Dubois Abram, Sr., shoemaker. 
 
 Dubois Abraham, Jr., laborer. 
 
 Dudley C. A. telegraph operator. 
 
 Dudley Wm. renter. Sec. 31. 
 
 Duffle J. S. grocer. 
 
 DUNHAM ABNER, Farmer, Sec. 
 26; born in La Porte Co., Ind., Aug. 
 20. 1841 ; emigrated to this Co. in 1855, 
 and the same year settled on his present 
 farm of 80 acres. Enlisted in Co. F, 
 12th I. V. L, Sept. 24, 1861; engaged 
 in battle at Fort Donelson and taken 
 prisoner at Shiloh ; after 6 months and 
 11 dajs he was paroled in Richmond, 
 Va., and exchanged about Dec. 15, of 
 that year; returning to his company, he 
 was promoted First Lieutenant, and en- 
 gaged in battles at Vicksburg, White 
 River, siege at Nashville,Spanish Fort and 
 Blakely ; honorably discharged after the 
 close of the war. Married Sophronia 
 E. Boynton Sept. 15, 1869; she was 
 born in Jo Daviess Co., 111., Dec. 3, 
 1845. Mr. D. was elected SheriflF of 
 this Co. in 1862, serving two terms. 
 
 DIJXHAII FERDINAND W. 
 Retired Farmer; born in Otsego Co.,N. 
 Y., Feb. 20, 1814; emigrated to La 
 Porte, Ind., in 1839, where he married 
 Angeline McCallum, Sept. 13, 1840, 
 who was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., 
 Aug. 6. 1814; she came to La Porte 
 Co., Ind., in 1835; came from Ind. to 
 this Co. in March, 1855, settling on Sec. 
 26 ; moved to this city in the Spring of 
 1869. Mr. Dunham is one of the Su- 
 pervisors of this county. 
 
 DUNHAM OBADIAH A. Farm 
 er. Sec. 25 ; born in La Porte, La Porte 
 Co., Ind., July 3, 1852; came to this 
 Co. with his father, F. Dunham, in 
 1855, settling on Sec. 26; in 1869, he 
 moved to Manchester, attending school 
 and clerking foi Cougar Bros, and D.G. 
 Eldredge. Married Florence S. Rea 
 Jan. 12, 1875, who was born in Colony, 
 Delaware Co., Iowa, May 28, 1854. 
 They came to their present farm of 160 
 acres Jan. 20, 1875. Alton Ferdinand 
 is their only child. 
 
 Dunlap John, blacksmith. 
 
 DURBON J. W. Prop. Merchants' 
 Hotel, Main St.; was born in Cayu- 
 ga Co., N. Y., April 22, 1817; 
 when 15 years old he went to Genesee 
 Co., N. Y. Married Amanda Holen- 
 beck in Feb., 1838, who was born in 
 Berkshire Co., Mass., in 1820. After 
 27 years' residence in Genesee Co., they 
 emigrated to Lenawee Co., Mich., and 
 from there to this Co. in the Spring of 
 
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 575 
 
 1865; built his present hotel, at a cost 
 ■)f 35,000, and occupied it in the Fall 
 of 1874. 
 
 Button Owen P. laborer. 
 
 "rnDMUNDS JAMES, farmer, Sec. 22. 
 
 EATOX CHARL.es B. Manufac- 
 turer of and Dealer in Harness, Saddles 
 and Collars, Main st.; was born in 
 Livingston Co., N. Y., June 15, 
 1837. In 1844, he emigrated to Win- 
 nebago Co., 111., settling in Rockford, 
 where he married Martha Weidman, 
 June 17, 1864, who was born in Lysau- 
 der, N. Y. ; she died Nov. 26, 1874. 
 Mr. Eaton came to this Co. in 1865, 
 settling in this city, where he has been 
 engaged in his present business. En- 
 listed in the 11th I. V. I. 
 
 EDMUXDS HENRY L. Farmer, 
 Sec. 26 ; born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., 
 July 20, 1824; when quite young, 
 went to Oswego. N. Y., when in 1850, 
 he went to California, but after three 
 years returned to Oswego Co., N. Y. 
 Married Eliza Platts Dec. 15, 1869 ; 
 she was born in Ashton, Lancashire, 
 England, May 12, 1832 ; Mr. Edmunds 
 came to this county in Aug., 1853, set- 
 ling on his present farm. 
 
 EHMIJXDS STEPHEX J. Far 
 mer, Sec. 22 ; born in Oswego Co., N. 
 Y., May 29, 1838; emigrated to this 
 county in Feb., 1854 ; settled on his 
 present farm of 128 acres in Feb., 1858 ; 
 married Phoebe A. Coon in April, 1862 ; 
 she was born in Allen Co., Ind., and 
 died Feb. 1, 1875; again married Bell 
 M. Ross Feb. 14, 1877 ; she was born 
 in Winfield, Herkimer Co., N. Y., 
 March 29, 1846 ; had six children by 
 first marriage and one by second. 
 
 Eldridge D. G. traveling man. 
 
 Eller John, stone cutter. 
 
 EMER80X FRANKLIN, Re 
 tired Farmer ; was born in Erie Co ., 
 N. Y., May 3, 1814; in 1834, he re- 
 moved to Niles, Mich. ; after two years, he 
 moved to Racine, Wis., where he was 
 engaged in trade with the Pottawato- 
 mies, and afterward helped them move 
 to Council Bluffs, Iowa, after which he 
 settled in Dubuque, Iowa, where he 
 married Mary Wharton Dec. 23, 1841, 
 who was born in Nenthead, Cumberland 
 Co., Eng., Aug. 26, 1825 ; they re- 
 
 sided in Dubuque four years, when they 
 moved to Clayton Co. ; in Oct., 1852, 
 came to this count)', settling in Richland 
 Township ; came to this city in April, 
 1877 ; was Sheriff of Clayton Co. 
 
 Estey Silas, milk dealer. 
 
 Estey V. S. son of above Estey. 
 
 Evans Frank P. 
 
 Evans Fred, meat market. 
 
 Evans R. H. 
 
 EVANS SAMUEL S. of the Firm 
 of Evans & Rich, Meat Market, Main 
 street, was born in Chittenden Co., Vt., 
 Jan. 19, 1831 ; moved to Franklin Co., 
 Vt., and married Cornelia Popple Sept. 
 20, 1854, who was born in Plattsburg, 
 Clinton Co., N. Y., May 12, 1835 ; then 
 moved to Fort Covington, Franklin Co., 
 N. Y., and after residing in Burke and 
 other places in New York, they came to 
 this county in 1864, settling in this city. 
 Frank P., Charles L. and Samuel S., 
 are their children. 
 
 EWART ROBERT M. County 
 Superintendent of Schools, was born in 
 Belfast, Ireland, July 18, 1841 ; emi- 
 grated to this country with parents, ar- 
 riving Nov. 12, 1866, settling in Sand 
 Spring, this county, and has since re- 
 sided at Hopkinton, where he received 
 his education at the Lenox Collegiate 
 Institute. Elected to his present office 
 in 1875, and re-elected in 1877. He 
 married Minnie S. Dean March 28, 
 1877 ; she was born in Cascade, Du- 
 buque Co., Iowa, Aug. 27, 1853. They 
 date their residence in this city from Oc- 
 tober, 1877. 
 
 "TpARR H. P. renter, Sec. 30. 
 
 Fenner Calvin, farmer, Sec. 11. 
 
 Fenner W. J. farmer. Sec. 11. 
 
 Ferris C. W. laborer. Sec. 10. 
 
 Ferris Daniel, farmer. Sec. 10. 
 
 FERRIS DAVID P. Farmer, Sec. 
 15, was born in Cuyahoga Co., 0., July 
 8, 1816; his parents moved to Dearborn 
 Co., Ind., when he was three months 
 old, where he lived until 1826, and 
 moved to St. Joseph Co., Ind. He 
 married Hannah A. Cook Aug. 6, 1834, 
 who was born in New York ; she died 
 Aug. 12, 1839. Again, married Lucy 
 Vaughn April 12, 1840, who was born 
 in Dearborn Co., Ind., in 1818. They 
 emigrated to this county in July, 1856, 
 
576 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY : 
 
 settling on his present farm, on which 
 he has made all the improvements. 
 Ferris Jay, laborer, Sec. 10. 
 Ferrv Lennen. 
 Finch D. H. clerk. 
 Finch George, laborer. 
 Finch Warren, laborer. 
 Fisk L. H. printer. 
 Flint Francis, janitor. 
 FLINT GEORGE D. Manufac 
 turer of Pork and Flour Barrels, Butter 
 Firkins and Tubs, Churns, in fact, all 
 kinds of Cooperage, upper part of 
 Franklin st. ; employs 60 hands, on an 
 average. Was born in Medina Co., 
 Ohio," April 11, 1847. In 1861, 
 he immigrated to Steuben Co., Ind., 
 where, in 1864, he enlisted in Co. Gr, 
 44th Ind. V. I., serving nearly two 
 years. Came from the army to this 
 Co. Sept. 23, 1865; two years ago 
 he bought his present shop. Married 
 Martha Stephens Sept. 7, 1868, who 
 was born in Tamaqua, Schuylkill Co., 
 Pa., Nov. 28, 1851, and came with 
 her parents to this Co. in 1855. 
 Foley John, bastxage master. 
 FORl> BROS. Dealers in Grocer- 
 ies, Boots and Shoes, Franklin st. 
 John W. the senior member of the 
 firm, was born in Saratoga Co., N. 
 Y., Aug. 23. 1845 ; George was born in 
 Rockford, 111., Jan. 18, 1848. William 
 Ford, their father, was born in Wash- 
 ington Co., N. Y., Aug. 18, 1824; 
 maiTied Mary Welch, Sept. 19, 1844; 
 resided in Northumberland, Saratoga 
 Co., N. Y., until 1846, when they emi- 
 grated to Rockford, 111.; came to this 
 Co. with his family in 1864; he died 
 Nov. 9, 1876. 
 Forsythe, Alex, laborer. 
 Fowler, A. W. saloon keeper. 
 Foster. W. E. blacksmith. 
 FOSTER W3I. G. Restaurant and 
 Bakery, Franklin st.; was born in Al- 
 bany, N. Y., May 14, 1837. When 
 3 years old, he, with his parents, 
 moved to Coxsackie, N. Y., and at 12 
 years went to Trenton, N. J., residing 
 there about twenty-one years. Married 
 Annie McLec, Aug. 18, 1861; she waa 
 born in England. They came to this 
 Co. in June, 1H72, first settling in this 
 city, and engaged in their present busi- 
 ness. 
 
 Franks C. H. laborer. 
 
 Franklin Ezekiel, barber. 
 
 FRENCH PHARES S. Me- 
 chanic, was born in Cortland Co., 
 N. Y., Jan. 23, 1837; immigrated to 
 Oakland Co., Mich., in 1847, where he 
 resided eight years, and then to Fort 
 Dodge, Iowa, in 1855; the same year, 
 he came to this Co., where he has 
 made his home, with the exception of 
 three years in California. Married Mary 
 Dubois Nov. 8, 1857, who was born 
 in Allegany Co., N. Y., Aug. 7, 1842. 
 
 Fuller Andrew, carpenter. 
 
 Freelove, J. B. tinner. 
 
 r^ AINES, E. S. bookkeeper. 
 
 Gale D. H. broommaker. 
 
 Garrison J. M. laborer. 
 
 Garrison 0. L. laborer. 
 
 Gardner J. A. saloon. 
 
 Gates G. D. painter. 
 
 Gates L. S. farmer, Sec. 35. 
 
 Gately Alfred, saloon. 
 
 Gill R. V. gardener. 
 
 GlilSENDORF FRED. Meat 
 Market, Main street, was born ia 
 Germany, Aug. 2, 1838; came to this 
 country, settling in Milwaukee, Wis., 
 September, 1857. He afterward moved 
 to Chicago, residing eight years there, 
 and then came to this county, settling 
 in this city in September, 1865. Mar- 
 ried Anna Mouermann Oct. 9, 1867 ; 
 she was born in Austria Jan. 24, 1847. 
 Mr. Glesendorf has been one of Man- 
 chester's business men ever since he set- 
 tled here. Verony and Anna are the 
 living children ; Emma, their eldest 
 child, died April 14, 1877; Charles, their 
 third child, died April 16, 1877. 
 
 Glover H. G. farmer. Sec. 5. 
 
 Goodell Wm. merchant. 
 
 Goodell W. H. merchant. 
 
 Goodyear Dennis, clock repairer. 
 
 Gordon G. W. laborer. 
 
 Gorham Nathan, blacksmith. 
 
 Grace James, tailor. 
 
 GRAHAM HENRY" C. of the 
 Firm of H. C. Graham & Co., Dealers in 
 Groceries, Crockery, and purchasers of 
 Produce, Franklin street, was born ia 
 Perry, Lake County, Ohio, Jan. 1, 
 1833; moved to Mishawaka, Ind., ia 
 1854, and after two years' residence he 
 went to Elkhart, Ind., and in 1861, 
 
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 577 
 
 moved to Janesville, Wis., and in July, i 
 1868, emigrated to this county, settling j 
 in this city, and in September of the j 
 same year, commenced his present busi- ! 
 ness. Was married to Flora C. Weber, 
 Nov. 9, 1868 ; she was born in Friend- 
 ship, Allegany Co., N. Y., May 5, 
 1843. 
 
 Granger H. A. groceries. 
 
 Green Arthur C. 
 
 Green H. W. physiciin. 
 
 Green James, renter, Sec. 3. 
 
 Green S. W. physician. 
 
 OREEX WOOD WII.LIAM H. 
 
 Photographer and Ornamental Painter, 
 Tama street ; was born in Wilmington, 
 Del., February 11, 1838 ; married Caro- 
 line M. Collyer July 3, 1859, who 
 was born in TuUy Valley, Onondaga 
 Co., N. Y., July 9, 1840. They were 
 married at Clinton Junction, Rock Co., 
 Wis., where they had moved ; they 
 moved to Delaware Co., Iowa, June 
 8, 1866 ; commenced his present busi- 
 when fifteen years old. 
 
 Gregg F. B. printer. 
 
 Grice Thomas, cooper. 
 
 GRIFFIN RAY B. Attorney at 
 Law and Real Estate Dealer; born in 
 Chenango Co., N. Y., Feb. 27, 1836; 
 received his education in Madison and 
 Oneida Cos., N. Y. ; started out in life 
 at the age of 15 years, dependent upon 
 his own resources ; graduated in the Law 
 Department of Hamilton College, at 
 Clinton, Oneida Co., N. Y., in the law 
 class of 1856 ; was admitted to practice 
 law in all the courts of New York at 
 Oswego City July 8, 1856 ; when only 
 20 years old, came to Davenport, Iowa, 
 in the Fall of 1856 ; in the Spring of 
 1857, removed to Manchester, and in 
 August of the same year was appointed 
 by Hon. Joel Bailey, then County Trea- 
 surer and Recorder, as Deputy, and for 
 two and one-half years filled the ofl&ce of 
 Deputy County Treasurer and Recorder ; 
 was elected Treasurer and Recorder of 
 the county, upon the Democratic ticket, 
 in the Fall of 1859, and filled the office 
 until Jan. 1, 1862 ; in the Winter of 
 1864, went to California, and Virginia 
 City, Nevada; returned to Delhi the 
 same Summer. In the Fall of 1865, per- 
 manently settled in Manchester, and 
 continued the practice of law, and ex- 
 
 tensively engaged in dealing in real 
 estate ; has done much to encourage the 
 settlement and improvement of the town 
 and county, and engaged largely in im- 
 proving farms throughout the county, 
 as well as making extensive and valu- 
 able improvements in Manchester, and 
 at present is the largest landholder in 
 Delaware Co., all of which, he assures 
 us, has been acquired honestly and by 
 careful, prudent and economical invest- 
 ments, guarded with zealous economy 
 and industry. In 1868, being regarded 
 as a sound representative of Democracy, 
 was sent by the Democratic Convention 
 of Iowa as one of the delegates to the 
 National Democratic Convention that 
 convened in New York July 4, 1868. 
 He was married Oct. 30, 1858, to Sarah 
 Ann Vincint Coffin, youngest daughter 
 of the late Judge Clement Coffin, of 
 Coffin's Grove, in this county ; she was 
 born Oct. 13, 1834, in Williamsburg, 
 Mass., and when a child removed with 
 her parents to Michigan, and thence 
 to Coffin's Grove in 1840, while still 
 the Indian hunting ground; .she was 
 educated in Dubuque ; they have seven 
 children living — Elizabeth Baker, Cle- 
 ment Coffin, Mary Luella, Ray Bur- 
 dette, Jr., Simeon Brown, Jr., Sarah 
 Ann Vincint, and Ethel Ray Griffin; 
 one son died when less than two years 
 old. 
 Ghrist I. W. physician. 
 
 ADLEY J. C. carpenter. 
 
 H 
 
 Hageman John, blacksmith. 
 
 Haker Edmonds, laborer. 
 
 Hale N. G. clerk. 
 
 Hale N. T. clerk. 
 
 HAHBLIN ENOS, of the firm of 
 Whitman, Hamblin & Co., Blacksmiths 
 and Wagon Manufacturers, Fayette st.; 
 was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 
 Oct. 10, 1830. Married Hester A. 
 Noble, July 4, 1858. She was born in 
 Montville, Geauga Co., Ohio, March 3, 
 1835. In 1856, came to this county, 
 first settling in Delhi, residing six 
 months, then to Dyersville; moved to 
 this city soon after, and entered the 
 above firm about one year since. Haa 
 five children. 
 
 Hamblin John, meat market. 
 
 Harris George, laborer. 
 
578 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 HAML.IX HEXRY F. bom in 
 
 Smithport, McKean County, Penn., 
 April 14, 188-t; moved to Belvidere, 
 Boone County, 111., Sept. 1, 1845; 
 moved to Forestville, Delaware County, 
 March, 15, 1856, and started the first 
 store of any consequence, under the 
 firm name of Hamlin & Son ; moved to 
 Manchester Feb. 20, 1862. Married 
 Miss Hattie A. Clark, at Belvidere, 111., 
 Sept. 7, 1857; they have three children 
 —Frank H., Charles F. and Clare For- 
 rest, aged respectively, 20, 16 and 10 
 years. Is now engaged in mercantile 
 business with Riddell Bros. 
 Harris I. N. saloon keeper. 
 Harris Orange, carpenter. 
 Hartson George, laborer ; Sec. 2. 
 Hartson Isaac, farmer. 
 Haskell H. B. foundry. 
 Hayes John B. 
 Heath J. C. clerk. 
 Heath John, laborer. 
 
 HEMPSTEAD JOHIV, Farmer, 
 Sec. 11 ; born in Verona, Oneida Co., 
 N. jY., Nov. 13, 1822; his parents 
 moved to Chautauqua County in 1833, 
 where he was engaged in farming ; in 
 1850, emigrated to "Dodge Co., Wis., 
 and then came to this county, arriving 
 in Oct., 1854, settling on Sec. 16, where 
 he married Lucinda Wilcox, Feb, 22, 
 1859, who was born in Ripley, Chautau- 
 qua Co., N. Y., Oct. 2, 1833 ; moved 
 on their present farm in 1868 ; one child 
 — Mary R. 
 Henry J. J. laborer. 
 Herrick W. D. clerk. 
 HESXER ANDREW J. farmer, 
 Sec. 8 ; born in Rock Co., Wis., Jan. 
 11, 1849 ; came from Rock County to 
 Clayton Co., Iowa, when two years old, 
 with his parents, and to this county in 
 the Fall of 1871, where he married 
 Maria tietherington Jan. 2, 1871 ; 
 she was born in Rock Co., Wis., Feb. 
 20, 1848 ; they moved on their present 
 farm, on which he has made valuable 
 improvements. 
 
 HETHERINOTON AMOS, 
 
 Farmer, Sec. 7; was born in Delaware Co., 
 Iowa, June 1, 1856 ; his father, Thomas 
 Hetheringtou, came to this county twenty, 
 five years ago, and is one of the old settlers 
 of this county ; Amos and Asher, twin 
 brothers, with their mother Susanah, are 
 
 residing on the farm ; Matilda, Marj 
 
 and Amanda are his sisters. 
 Hetheringtou Thos. retired farmer. 
 Heys G. H. blacksmith. 
 Higman J. B. renter. Sec. 23. 
 Hills Levi, grocer. 
 Hoag Egbert, mill owner. 
 Hoag J. J. mill owner. 
 Hollister A. A. farmer, Sec. 4. 
 Hollister G. F. laborer. 
 Hollister Geo. F. renter. 
 HOI.I.ISTER WILIilAM H. 
 
 Farmer, See. 9 ; born in Warsaw, Wy- 
 oming Co., N. Y., March 23, 1830 ; he 
 with his parents, moved to Chautauqua 
 Co., N. Y., in 1840. Here he married 
 Margaret E. Wilcox, January 10, 1849; 
 who was born in Mayville, Chautauqua 
 County, N. Y., July 27, 1832. They 
 moved to Portland, Chautauqua Co., 
 but after three years emigrated to Boone 
 County, 111.; in April 4, 1855, they 
 came to this county, settling on their 
 present farm, on which they have made 
 good improvements. 
 
 Holmes H. R. bootmaker. 
 
 H O L, ME S THEODORE, Mill 
 
 Owner, in Millheim, Sec. 3 ; was born 
 in Seneca Co., Ohio, April 24, 1828; 
 moved to DeKalb Co., Ind., in 1842, 
 and to La Porte Co., Ind., in 1846. 
 Came to this county, settling in Honey 
 Creek Township in 1860. Married C. 
 Matilda Hutson Oct. 9, 1862, who was 
 born in this county March 25, 1842. 
 
 Hooker Benj. laborer. 
 
 Hoosner J. C. cooper. 
 
 Hornby John, saloon. 
 
 HOWLAND IRA, Farmer; S. 32; 
 born in Grafton Co., N. H., Oct. 9, 
 1817. In this county he married Tir- 
 zah Cooley, Jan. 26, 1843, who was 
 born in Grafton Co., N. H., Feb. 16, 
 1822. Lived in their native county 
 until March, 1858, when they emi- 
 grated to Janesville, Wis., and in March, 
 1865, again emigrated to this county, 
 settling on their present farm. Have 
 three children living. 
 
 Howland R. W. clerk. 
 
 HOYT HIRAM (of the firm of 
 Granger & Hoyt, Dealers in Groceries, 
 etc., Franklin street). Was born in 
 Essex Co., Vt., on May 27, 1838. 
 When eight years old, he moved, with 
 parents, to Coos Co., N. H., and in the 
 
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 579 
 
 Spring of 1858 came to this State, first 
 settling in West Union, Fayette Co., 
 la., and in 1860 went on a tour for a 
 location farther west, but returned, set- 
 tling in this city Oct. 15, 1864. He is 
 engaged in buying live stock and grain, 
 giving his entire attention to that busi- 
 ness. Married Etna P. Loomis, daugh- 
 ter of A. R. Loomis, Dec. 9, 1868, 
 She was born in Georgia, Vt. 
 
 Hoyt S. M., faraier; S. 3. 
 
 Hulbert Philetus, laborer. 
 
 Hulbert \V. A. laborer. 
 
 Huling A. C. laborer. 
 
 HUSTED CHARLES, Attorney 
 at Law, office on FrankJin st.; was born 
 in Kingston, Ulster Co., N. Y., on Dec. 
 28, 1843; came to this State in 1860, 
 settling in Dubuque Co., and then to 
 Mason City ; admitted to the bar in 
 Black Hawk Co., in Oct., 1868 ; married 
 Sarah E. Keagy June 16, 1869 ; she 
 was born in Pa. Mr. Husted went to 
 Colorado and from there to this county, 
 settling in this city in 1866. 
 
 Hutchinson Henry, capitalist. 
 
 HITTCHOSOX JOS. Capitalist, 
 office in City Hall Block, Franklin St.; 
 was born in London, England, May 11, 
 1852 ; came to this country in June, 
 1856, first settling in Dyersville, Du- 
 buque Co., Iowa; one year from the 
 following Sept. he came to this city. 
 
 Hutson J. C. farmer : Sec. 1 . 
 
 HUTSOX JIATHE W D. Farmer; 
 Sec. 1 ; born in Delaware Co., Iowa, 
 Aug. 8, 1845 ; enlisted in the 11th Mo. 
 Cav., Co. B, on Feb. 1, 1852, and was 
 engaged in the battles at Prairie Grove, 
 Helena and Brownsville, Ark., Vicks- 
 burg and Jackson, Tenn.; honorably 
 discharged, Aug. 12, 1865 ; he married 
 Adelaide J. Rowley, Oct. 28, 1868, who 
 was born in Dane Co., Wis., Feb. 14, 
 1851. Mr. Hutchinson is a son of the 
 third settler in this Co. 
 
 XRONS FRANK, molder. 
 
 "TEWELL B. WOOD, clerk. 
 
 Johnston D. I. carpenter. 
 
 Johnston J. F. clerk. 
 
 Johnson N. H. farmer. Sec. 7. 
 
 JOWES DAVID W. Proprietor of 
 the Manchester Woolen Mills; was born 
 in South Wales, Great Britain, Sept. 
 
 27, 1821 ; married Margaret Davis Sept. 
 27, 1842, who was born in South Wales 
 Jan. 14, 1820 ; they immigrated to this 
 country in April, 1 843, coming in a sailing 
 vessel, via Liverpool, arriving in New 
 York May 20, 1843, and in due time 
 settled in Montgomery Co., Pa. ; after 
 one year's residence, they moved to 
 Newton Falls, Trumbull Co., Ohio, en- 
 gaging in his present business ; came to 
 this county in April, 1854, settling on a 
 farm in Sec. 16 ; in 1864, he sold out, 
 and commenced building one of his pres- 
 ent fine woolen mills in 1865 ; a com- 
 plete history is given in this work. 
 
 JONES JOSIAH S. son of D. W. 
 Jones ; was born in Newton Falls, Trum- 
 bull Co., Ohio, Dec. 16, 1854; came 
 to this county with his father, in April, 
 1854, and has been engaged with him 
 as an assistant in the woolen mills ; he 
 married, in this county, Delia Sly, June 
 6, 1876; she was born in Henrietta, 
 Lorain Co., Ohio, June 23, 1857 ; 
 thev have one child. 
 
 JOEfES WIIiEIAlI B. Woolen 
 Mills, Manchester ; was born in Phila- 
 delphia, Pa., July 9, 1843 ; came to 
 this country with his father, D. W. 
 Jones, April, 1854, and has been en- 
 gaged with his father in all his pursuits 
 in business ; married Jennie Tarbox 
 April 14, 1867 ; she was born in Eu- 
 reka, Wis, April 14, 1849; children— 
 Lettie May, Lester D., Charles W., 
 Maggie L. and Stephen D. W. 
 
 Jones W. S. furniture. 
 
 June L. E. carpenter. 
 
 TT^ALTENBACK FRED. for. ; Sec. 2. 
 
 Kalteubach Jacob, laborer. Sec. 3. 
 KAETEXBACH JOHX, Far ; 
 
 Sec. 2; born in Baden, Germany, March 
 11, 1808; married Mary Hermon June, 
 1826, who was born in Germany Aug. 
 1809. They came to America in 1834, 
 settling in Wayne Co., Ohio, and in 
 1842, moved to Monroe, Green Co., 
 Wis. ; left March, 1852, coming to this 
 county, settling in this township, on Sec. 
 3, where he built a saw-mill, and which, 
 in 1864, he constructed into a grist-mill. 
 John Welterlin, his son-in-law, who re- 
 sides with him, was born in France Feb. 
 20, 1830, came to this country in 1852, 
 settHng in Milwaukee, Wis., and in May 
 
580 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 following came to Dubuque, and in Aug.. 
 1854, came to this county. 
 KAI.TEXBACH SAMUEL, 
 
 Mfr. of Butter Tubs, Barrels, etc., 
 Franklin St.; was born in Crawford Co., 
 Ohio, Sept. 28, 1843 ; when two years 
 old, his parents moved to Green Co., 
 Wis., and in the Spring of 1853, came 
 to this township ; he enlisted in Co. F., 
 12th I. V. I., in 1861, serving three 
 years ; was in the battles of Corinth, 
 Fort Donelson, Fort Henry, Jackson, 
 Miss., Vicksburg, Jackson, Tenn., and 
 Black River ; commenced business in 
 this city in 1 868 ; married Mary Mor- 
 ris, July 1, 1876; she was born in 
 Wales, Oct. 29, 1849, 
 
 Keairy C. W. bookkeeper. 
 
 KELLER BEX. H. Manufacturer 
 and Retail Dealer in Boots and Shoes, 
 Franklin st. ; was born in Auburn, N. 
 Y., Feb. 28, 1829 ; in 1846, he went 
 to Seneca Falls, N. Y., but after one 
 year's residence moved to Addison, 
 Steuben Co., N. Y., where he married 
 Lucy A. Barr, on Jan. 1, 1850, who 
 was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., 
 March 16, 182- ; they went to Cuba, 
 N. Y., from which place they came to 
 this county, arriving April 15, 1856, 
 commencing his present business about 
 that time. 
 
 Kelley R. A. clerk. 
 
 Kelsey J. L. depot agent. 
 
 KeLsey J. W. teacher. 
 
 Kennedy J. D. retired farmer. 
 
 Kennedy J. W. wagon manufacturer. 
 
 KENNEDY R. O. Manufacturer of 
 Wagons, Buggies, Phaetons, and repair- 
 ing promptly done, located lower part of 
 Franklin street; was born in Nova Scotia, 
 Oct. 15, 1848 ; came to this country in 
 October, 1866, settling in Austin, Minn., 
 and I hen came to this county in March 
 1867. He married Frances H. Purdy 
 Sept. 15, 1870; she was born in Chau- 
 tauqua Co., N. Y. 
 
 KENNEDY J. W. wa.s born in 
 Nova Scotia Sept. 9, 1839. Came to 
 this country in 1862, settling in Mc- 
 Gregor, la. ; came to this county in 
 March, 1875, and was in partnership 
 with his brother for three years. 
 
 Kenney A. cooper. 
 
 Kenny Sihvs, drayman. 
 
 Kent Joseph, laborer. 
 
 KEN YON WM. G. of the firm of 
 
 Kenyon & Stewart, Dealers in Groceries, 
 Crockery, and Purchasers of Produce, 
 Frankhu street ; was born in Jefferson 
 Co., N. Y., Aug. 3, 1836; went to 
 Oswego, N. Y., when quite young, and 
 at the age of 20 he emigrated to this 
 State, first settling in Dubuque ; then 
 went to Colorado Territory for three 
 years ; then he came to this county in 
 December, 1862, first settling in this 
 city. Married Mary E. Marvin Dec. 
 31, 1862. She was born in Battle 
 Creek, Mich., Oct. 31, 1842. 
 
 KERR JOHN, Proprietor of the 
 Manchester House, corner Delaware and 
 Madison streets ; was born in Ireland 
 and emigrated to this country, first set- 
 ling in Pittsburgh, but after one year 
 came to this county and engaged in his 
 present business. His rates to transients 
 are one dollar per day. In connection 
 with the house is a commodious barn, 
 where people will find good protection 
 from the storm and feed for their horses 
 at the lowest possible prices. 
 
 King C. carpenter. 
 
 King M. S. cooper. 
 
 Kinney M. H. carpenter. 
 
 Kinney T. C. horse farrier. 
 
 Klonus Fred, saloon. 
 
 Knapp Wm. laborer. 
 
 Knickerbocker Smith, preacher. 
 
 Kresser Hugo, saloon. 
 
 ~r OBIN ANDREW, farmer. 
 
 Lawman J. B. harness maker. 
 LAWRENCE NEWTON F. of 
 
 the firm of Lawrence & Lister, Dealers 
 in Hardware, corner of Franklin and 
 Main sts., was born in Cuyahoga, Ohio, 
 March 12, 1843. When 12 years of 
 age, his parents moved to Rockford, 111., 
 where he married Helen Tisdal, March 
 29, 1867, who was born in Steuben Co., 
 N. Y., April 20, 1843, and in April, 
 1868, they emigrated to this county, 
 first settling near this city. Mr. L. has 
 been engaged ia farming, painting and 
 clerking, until April, 1877, when he 
 commenced his present business. 
 
 Lawrence S. S., farmer; S. 8. 
 
 Lee J. H., laborer. 
 
 LeROY M. F. Attorney at Law, 
 whose portrait appears in this work, was 
 born in Manchester, Dearborn Co., Ind., 
 
"# 
 
 MANCHESTER 
 
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 583 
 
 Jan. 16, 1850; when he was 2 years of 
 age, his parents moved to Grundy Co., 
 111.; at the age of 11, he went to 
 Moore's Hill, Dearborn Co., Ind., and 
 remained there attending school to the 
 age of 16 ; he then went to Illinois, and 
 having taken a course in the Commer- 
 cial Department of " Clark Seminary," 
 graduating in the year 1867 ; the same 
 year he came to Manchester, Iowa, and 
 after remaining about a year, returned 
 to Moore's Hill, Ind., graduating from 
 Moore's Hill College with the degree of 
 
 B. S.; in 1869, he attended the State 
 University of Iowa, at Iowa City, and 
 graduated from the Law Department 
 June 2-1, 1870, with the degree of 
 LL. B., with the right to practice in all 
 the courts of Iowa; in July of the same 
 year, he returned to Manchester, Iowa, 
 as Cashier of the "Manchester Bank," 
 and commenced the pi'actice of law, 
 and on the 5th of November, 1873, 
 formed a copartnership in the law business 
 with Chas. E. Bronsoii, and as such has 
 continued up to the present time, hav- 
 ing built up a vei"y large and lucrative 
 practice. He married Miss Jennie P. 
 Loomis, in Manchester, Iowa, June 2, 
 1874 ; she was born in De Kalb Co., 
 Jan. 31, 1854:; they have two children 
 — Dora M., born May 14, 1875, and 
 Alma M., born Aug. 24, 1877. 
 
 Lewis C. C, jewelry. 
 
 L.E WIS DAVID R. <& BRO., 
 
 Dealers in Jewelry, Franklin street ; 
 was born in Little Falls, N. Y., May 14, 
 1832. In 1850, he came to Waukegan, 
 Lake Co., 111., and from there to this 
 county in June, 1857, where he married 
 Kittle Manning, who was born in An- 
 dover, Mass., on April 1, 1844. Chas. 
 
 C. Lewis, the senior member of the 
 firm, was born in Schenectady, N. Y., 
 on June 4, 1830, and came to this 
 county in 1855. The first jewelry 
 store opened in this city was run by 
 David in the building now occupied by 
 Levi Hills and owned by Mrs. Geo. 
 Toogo id. 
 
 I.II.L.AG}AR HARRY S. Clerk 
 
 Clarence House ; bora in Huntsville, 
 Ala., July 4, 1847; removed with his 
 parents to Hampton, Va., in 1852, 
 where he attended school ; his father 
 died in 1858 ; removed with his mother 
 
 to Philadelphia in 1859; went to Fowl- 
 ing Creek in 1860 ; returned to Hamp- 
 ton in the Spring of 1861, arriving just 
 as the war broke out ; was one of the 
 party of about fifty young fellows who 
 helped to sink the United States ships 
 of war Columbus, Merrimac, Raritan, 
 Columbia, Plymouth, Germantown, Dol- 
 phin and United States in Ports- 
 mouth (Vii'ginia) Harbor, April 20, 
 1861 ; was one of the squad who scut- 
 tled the Columbia ; the party were 
 known, and the United States Marshals 
 too numerous for comfort ; Harry es- 
 caped by craw^ling into the coal bin of 
 the steamer Georgiana, from Norfolk to 
 Baltimore ; at Baltimore, happening to 
 see in the street a man he supposed to 
 be a United States Marshal from Ports- 
 mouth, he became badly scared and left 
 for Havre de Grace in the first train, 
 crossed the country on foot to Smyrna, 
 Del., thence to Bridgeville ; here he met 
 an old schoolmate, William Cannon, son 
 of Guv. Cannon, of Delaware, who was 
 about raising a regiment of cavalry for 
 Union service ; young Cannon suggested 
 to Harry that he should aid him in re- 
 cruiting a company for the regiment ; 
 he gladly accepting the proposition as 
 escape from the dreaded Marshals, and 
 feeling much relieved, Harry aided in 
 raising Company B, enlisted in it as a 
 private, was with Sheridan's command 
 in the Shenandoah Valley, and fighting 
 Mosby and Harry Gilmore until the 
 Spring of 1863, was ordered to Balti- 
 more and captured by Stewart's Cavalry 
 on the Westminster turnpike, twenty five 
 miles from Baltimore in June ; had just 
 drawn a new suit, and was stripped by his 
 captors of everything except shirt and 
 stockings, and in this condition was 
 marched to York, Pa., and was prisoner 
 of war at Columbia, Pa., when the 
 battle of Gettysburg was fought ; soon 
 after was picked up by Union patrols 
 and sent to his regiment at Washington. 
 In the battle at Smoky Hollow, in the 
 Fall of 1863, his leg was broken by a 
 wounded horse running against an artil- 
 lery wheel, and went into ho.spital at 
 Alexandria ; in the Spring of 1864, his 
 regiment was dismounted and attached 
 to First Brigade, First Division, Sixth 
 Army Corps; was in the memorable cam- 
 
584 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 
 
 paign of the Wilderness, battles of Cold 
 Harbor and Petersburg, and received a 
 bayonet wound in the left side, at the 
 raid on the Welden railroad, was sent 
 to hospital at City Point, thence to Bal- 
 timore and Philadelphia, and rejoined 
 his regiment at City Point in the Spring 
 of 18G5 ; ordered to Washington, and on 
 the way the transport boats in tow sank in 
 a storm, and Harry barely escaped to the 
 steamer over the hawser. At Washing- 
 ton, his regiment was re-organized, and in 
 a fight with Georgia cavalry, at Monoc- 
 acy, received a saber cut over the left 
 eye ; mustered out as Second Lieutenant 
 September, 1865, with only nineteen men 
 of his company remaining out of 106. 
 Went to Philadelphia immediately after 
 discharge, and entered the service of 
 the Hadden Manufacturing Company 
 until 1868, when he went to St. 
 Paul, Minn.; in 1870, went to Aus- 
 tin, Minn., leased' the Davison House, 
 and remained until December, 1873; 
 made a trip to Philadelphia, and returned 
 to Manchester in April, 1874, and be- 
 came the popular Clerk of the Clarence 
 House. Married, October, 1869, Miss 
 Mary Gr. Fisher, daughter of Abel 
 Fisher, of Philadelphia ; two children 
 — Annie Fisher, born September, 1870; 
 Mary G., born October, 1871, and died 
 November, 1871; wife died Feb. 25, 
 1874. 
 LISTEK GEORGE S., of the 
 
 firm of Lawrence & Lister, Hardware, 
 corner of Franklin and Main streets; 
 was born in Canada, Dec. 13, 1851. 
 His father, Henry Lister, was born in 
 Liverpool, Eng., Nov. 7, 1820, and 
 married Ann Lees, Jan. 14, 1844. She 
 was born in Manchester, Eng., in May, 
 1821. In 1848, he moved to Canada, 
 where George was born, and emigrated 
 to this county in 1855. George worked 
 at blacksniithing for three years. Com- 
 menced his present business in April, 
 
 1877. Married Ida E. Moore, April 3, 
 
 1878. She was born in Rockford, 111., 
 March 29, 1856. 
 
 Lister Henry, farmer. 
 
 Logston Joseph, laborer. 
 
 huivz II. E. nif'r. of wagons. 
 
 Ij003HS a. It. Capitalist ; was born 
 at Mi ton, Chittenden Co., Vt., June 
 2S, 1823, where he resided until he was 
 
 20 years of age, when he went to Dodge 
 Co., Wis., and after remaining there one 
 year, returned to Milton, Vt.; in 1852, 
 he moved to DeKalb Co., 111., and wa.s 
 engaged in farming; in 1854, he came 
 to Delaware Co., Iowa, and settled at 
 Acersville, where he opened the first 
 store in Delaware Township ; the next 
 year he moved his business to Manches- 
 ter, where he several years afterward 
 formed a copartnership, first as the firm 
 of Loomis, Congan & Co., and again as 
 Loomis & Cornish ; he was also a mem- 
 ber of the firm of Loomis & Coles, 
 Commission Merchants in Chicago and 
 Dubuque; he retired from the mercan- 
 tile business in the year 1863; in 1868, 
 he was engaged in the banking business, 
 under the name of Loomis & LeRoy, 
 retiring from the business two years- 
 after. He was elected the first Mayor 
 of Manchester, after its incorporation, 
 in 1866. He married Phedora H. Par- 
 melee Nov. 23, 1845 ; she was born at 
 Colchester, Vt., Feb. 18, 1821 ; they 
 have five children — Ettie P., born July 
 8, 1847 ; Lora A., born Sept. 13, 1849 ; 
 Alma L., born Jan. 11, 1852; Jennie 
 P., born Jan. 31, 1854, and Loring R., 
 born Aug. 29, 1859. 
 
 Loomis A. R. butter buyer. 
 
 liOOMIS CI. ARK C. Farmer; 
 Sec. 27 ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y. Nov. 
 3, 1847 ; moved when quite young, with 
 his parents, to Oswego Co., N. Y.; in 
 1865 he came to this Co.; returning 
 East, he married Lucy H. Beadle ; she 
 was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., June 
 23, 1850 ; two years ago, from this date 
 (Feb., 1878), he bought and moved 
 on his present farm of 160 acres ; Cora 
 and Mary J. are their children. 
 
 liOOxHIlS LEWIS A. Dealer in 
 Dry Goods, Boots and Shoes, Groce- 
 ries, and Purchaser of Butter, City Hall 
 Block, Franklin St.; was born in Milton ,^ 
 Chittenden Co., Vt., Sept. 21, 1821 ; 
 married Mary F. Hartson, April 2, 
 1843, who was born in Danville, Cale- 
 donia Co., Vt., Oct. 16, 1825; they 
 emigrated from Vt., to this Co. in the 
 Summer of 1855, and after working at 
 various employments incident to a new 
 country, he embarked in the produce 
 trade, in 1859, in a small way, and from 
 it has grown up his present business. 
 
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 585 
 
 Loomis Oliver, farmer. 
 
 Love Allen, farmer. 
 
 Lucas Henry, laborer. 
 
 Lukins Joseph, laborer ; Sec. 3. 
 
 nV/TcCARTY MICHAEL, laborer. 
 
 McCollum Fred, clerk. 
 
 McCormick Jas. farmer ; Sec. 27. 
 
 McCreadie G. E. laborer. 
 
 McCredie John, laborer. 
 
 McDonald Ichabod, laborer. 
 
 McFarland John, laborer. 
 
 Mcintosh R. T. marble worker. 
 
 Mcintosh William, marble worker. 
 
 McKay J. F. farmer. 
 
 McLaughlin James, laborer. 
 
 Malone Edward, blacksmith. 
 
 Mansfield J. M. mason. 
 
 Marchant Thos. laborer. 
 
 Marvin R. M. agrl. implement dealer. 
 
 Marvin William, laborer. 
 
 Mason Delevan, laborer. 
 
 Mason Sanford, farmer. 
 
 M ARTIX J. W. Proprietor of the 
 Martin House, near 111. C. Depot; was 
 born Champaign Co., Ohio, August 
 20, 1820 ; emigrated to this county, ar- 
 riving Sept. 20, 1842, coming with 
 his step-mother and uncle ; they settled 
 in Ead's Grove, where he lived until 15 
 years ago, when he came to this city ; mar- 
 ried Frances Frink, April 8, 1862 ; she 
 was born inWoodstock,Vt.,Dec. 20, 1830. 
 
 Martin J. W. laborer. 
 
 Martin Morris, laborer. 
 
 Martin W. laborer. 
 
 Mathew E. F. tailor. 
 
 MAY JOHX W. Farmer; See. 5; 
 was born in Crawford Co., Pa., May 2, 
 1824 ; came to Boone Co., 111., in 1844, 
 and after bix years' residence went to 
 California, returning in four years to 
 Boone Co., where he married Miranda 
 Colvin Nov. 29, 1855, who was born in 
 Erie Co., N. Y., July 27, 1835; in Jan. 
 1, 1856, they arrived in this county, 
 settling on their present farm ; they 
 started on a visit to Boone Co., Pa., 
 but while in Belvidere, their little 
 daughter, Alice J., died, and they re- 
 turned home. Alice J., born Nov. 3, 
 1856, and died O.t. 11, 1860. Twin 
 boys, not named, born March 1, 1863, 
 and died the same day ; A. Jamie, born 
 Jan. 10, 1864; Minnie, Nov. 22, 1868, 
 are the births and deaths of their children . 
 
 MEAD CHArWCEY W. Far. ; 
 Sec. 16; born in St. Joseph Co., Ind., 
 Feb. 8, 1835 ; married Ruth A. Eaton, 
 July 29, 1860 ; she was born in Cuba, 
 Allegany Co., N. Y., Feb. 24, 1843; 
 emigrated to this county from native 
 country in 1853, settling on his present 
 farm with his father, Allen Mead, who 
 died here Dec. 9, 1866 ; he was an old 
 and respected citizen of this county. 
 
 Mead G. W. farmer, Sec. 16. 
 
 MEAD WILLIAM, Farmer; Sec. 
 16; born in Dearborn Co., Ind., June 
 7, 1826. Moved with parents, in 1834, 
 to Henry Co., Ind., and to St. Joseph 
 Co. in 1835. Married Louis A.Webster, 
 May 1, 1850, who was born in Coopers- 
 town, Otsego Co., N. Y., June 30, 
 1828. They emigrated to Monticello, 
 Jones Co., Iowa, in 1853, and were 
 among the pioneer settlers of that 
 county. Came to this county in the 
 Spring of 1878, settling on their farm 
 of 210 acres. 
 
 Merrill G. E. laborer. 
 
 Merrill W. F. clerk. 
 
 MERRY JOHN F. (of the firm of 
 Merry & Goodell, Dealers in Dry Goods, 
 Clothing, Boots, Shoes and Purchasers of 
 Butter, Franklin st.) ; born in Sum- 
 mit Co., Ohio, March 24, 1844. Came 
 to this county in Oct., 1857 ; enlisted 
 in the 21st Iowa V. I. in 1861, and 
 again in 1864, in the 46th Iowa V. I. 
 Commenced business in this city in 
 1868 ; married Emma J. Cattron, 
 Nov. 26, 1866. She was born in West- 
 ville. La Porte Co., Ind., May 2, 1846. 
 Mr. H. Goodell, the junior partner of 
 the firm, was born in Westminster, 
 Windham Co., Vt., July 1, 1837. 
 When quite young, moved to Lowell, 
 Mass., and to this county in 1858, first 
 settling in Honey Creek, Tp. Enlisted 
 in the 12th Iowa V. I. in 1864, serving 
 one year. Came to this city in 1872. 
 Married May 4, 1869, Margaret E. 
 Nicholson, who was born in Pennsylva- 
 nia Sept. 21, 1847. 
 
 MERWIX HENRY M. Farmer; 
 Sec. 34 ; was born in Connecticut in 
 1820, and lived there until 1863, then 
 came to Dubuque, Iowa, where he lived 
 three years, when he came to this coun- 
 ty ; in 1860, was married to Alice Buck- 
 ingham, of Connecticut ; has seven chil- 
 
586 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 (Jren — Lucy B., Charles M., Minnie A., | 
 Henry B., "George M., Albert T., Fran- 
 cis M. ; Republican ; Methodist ; owns 
 260 acres of" land. 
 
 Meserve S. E. carpenter. 
 
 Millet t A. D. laborer. 
 
 Millett C. G. farmer, Sec. 9. 
 
 Millett Lee S. laborer. 
 
 Mills C. B. photographer. 
 
 Mohr M. C. bridge builder. 
 
 MOORE ALrOXSON O. Clerk ; 
 
 was born in Troy, Bradford Co., Pa., 
 Sept. 22, 1830 ; at the age of 15 years, 
 he moved to Elmira, N. Y., residing 
 there two years, and then to Corning 
 and Hornellsville, where he married ; 
 emigrated to Rockford, 111., where he 
 resided eight years, and from there to 
 Woodstock, ill. ; enlisted in the 95th 
 111. V. I., serving three years ; came to 
 this county at the close of the war ; 
 married Huldah A. Cleaveland, Nov. 10, 
 1855 ; ^he was born in Steuben Co., N. 
 Y.,Sept. 18,1835. 
 
 Moore Mortimer, laboi'er. 
 
 Morris Thos. laborer. 
 
 Mosher Geo. laborer. 
 
 Mosher S. P. laborer. 
 
 Mosher Tunis, laborer. 
 
 MUCKLER FRANCIS O. Far ; 
 
 Sec. 26 ; burn in Lamoille County, Vt., 
 Oct. 26, 1835 ; at the age of 17, he 
 moved to Middlesex Co., Mass., where 
 he married EUena M. Saurin, Oct. 9, 
 1858, who was born in Somerset Co., 
 Mass., Aug. 3, 1837 ; emigrated to this 
 county, settling in Milo in May, 1861 , 
 moved to Milwaukee, Wis., where they 
 lived five years, when they returned to 
 this county, settling in Manchester ; 
 came to his present farm in the Fall 
 of 1876. 
 MUXSON HASSEIi, Farm.; Sec. 
 8 ; was born in Westfield, Chautauqua 
 Co., N. Y., Sept. 25, 1830; emigrated 
 to this county in March, 1854, settling 
 in this township ; married Carrie Eaton, 
 Nov. 21, 1859, whof was born in 
 Allegany Co., N. Y., Sept. 28, 1841; 
 moved on their present farm in 1865 ; 
 Freddie H. is their only child. 
 T ELSON JOSEPH, carpenter. 
 
 NEWCOMB EDGAR E. Dentist, 
 born in Susquehanna Co., Pa., May 4, 
 1846. Enlisted in Co. D, 50th Pa. V. 
 I., in 1864, serving until the close of 
 the war. Married Frances Wheelock, 
 Oct. 4, 1865 ; she was born in Wyo- 
 ming Co., Pa., April 10, 1846. They 
 emigrated to this county, and have been 
 engaged in farming until the past two 
 years, which have been devoted to his 
 profession. He took a trip, in 1872, 
 through Nebraska and Kansas, looking 
 at the country in view of future settling. 
 
 Newcomb F. M. clerk. 
 
 Newcomb Israel, gardener. 
 
 Newcomb Uri, laborer. 
 
 Newhani J. W. blacksmith. 
 
 Nix J. R. hotel. 
 
 Noble A. C. music dealer. 
 
 Noble J. L. farmer, Sec. 22. 
 
 Nugent J. F. Catholic Priest. 
 
 ,'BRIEN P. R. cigar manufacturer. 
 
 O' 
 
 JS^ 
 
 Nethercutt John. 
 Newcomb C. H. clerk. 
 Newcomb Enos, farmer; Sec. 10. 
 
 O'Brien Patrick, laborer. 
 
 Ohl John, laborer. 
 
 Olcutt Emery, laborer. 
 
 Oliner John, harness maker. 
 
 Olmstead E. S. laborer. 
 
 Orvis F. W. laborer. 
 
 Otis Clytus, manufacturer of harness. 
 
 OTIS JOHN, of the firm of John 
 Otis & Son, Manufacturers of and Dealers 
 in Harness, Saddles, Collars, etc., Frank- 
 lin street ; was born in Isle of Man, 
 Sept. 20, 1808. Married AUce Futers, 
 who was born in Newcastle, England, 
 and died in 1859. Again married Re- 
 becca Dow, who was born in Ireland. 
 In September, 1828, Mr. O. came to 
 this country, first settling in Utica, N. 
 Y.; but after one vearwentto Syracuse, 
 N.Y.; then to Clyde and Buffiilo, N. Y.; 
 then going to St. Catharine, Brantford 
 and Hamilton, Canada. After which he 
 emigrated to Michigan in 1838, and to 
 this city in 1856 ; commenced business 
 here in 1873. 
 ■pADDOCK DANIEL, carpenter. 
 
 Paddock Edward, teacher. 
 Palmer H. S. merchant. 
 Parish John, renter, Sec. 7. 
 Patrick B. H. laborer. 
 Patton W. H. renter. Sec. 25. 
 PAXSON CHARI^ES, Banker, 
 Franklin street; resides Madison street; 
 
DELAAVARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 587 
 
 born in Philadelphia County, Pa., 
 Feb. 16, 1824; the youngest of three 
 sons and four daughters of Charles 
 and Mercy Paxson ; removed with his 
 parents to Franklin Township, Chester 
 County, Pa., in the Spring of 1831 ; 
 remained at home on the farm until the 
 Spring of 1851, when he removed to 
 Cecil County, Md., and engaged in mer- 
 cantile business with his brother Lewis ; 
 closed business there in the Spring of 
 
 1856, and formed a copartnership with 
 his brother Lewis and brother-in-law 
 W. S. Thompson, and W. H. Seeds, 
 under the firm name of "Paxson, Thomp- 
 son & Seeds ;" removed to Dubuque 
 with the other junior partner. Seeds, 
 and engaged in lumber business, under 
 the same firm name ; in the Fall of 
 
 1857, established a branch yard at Man- 
 chester, Iowa ; removed permanently to 
 Manchester the following Fall and en- 
 gaged in mercantile business, also in the 
 grain and live stock trade; in 1867, 
 W. S. Thompson retired from the firm 
 and they relinquished the lumber busi- 
 ness ; purchased one-half interest in the 
 property known as Acers' Mill, and at 
 once. completed a new building, then in 
 course of construction, giving it the 
 name of the '' Quaker Mill," which they 
 soon had in successful operat on ; this 
 mill was destroyed by fire May 6, 1869 ; 
 purchased the interest of Mr. Acres, 
 after the fire, and immediately proceeded 
 to rebuild the present mill, which they 
 still operate; in the Spring of 1872, 
 Mr. Lewis Paxson retired fi'om the firm, 
 since which time the business has been 
 transacted under the firm name of Pax- 
 son & Seeds ; still continues in active 
 business in milling, grain and live stock. 
 In the Fall of 1851, was married to 
 Sarah, daughter of Joseph and Deborah 
 Chambers, of New Garden, Chester 
 County, Pa. Mrs. Paxson joined her 
 husband in Dubuque in the Spring of 
 1857, but enjoyed her new home a little 
 less than one year, and died in the 
 Spring of 1857 ; had three children — 
 Deborah, Joseph C. and Lewis C. ; the 
 latter being the only one now living, the 
 others having died in their infancy. 
 Married Mary J., daughter of Thomas 
 and Margaret Williams, of Pecatonica, 
 111.; have had seven children — Ellen M., 
 
 Sarah, Anna, Susan, Charles H., Emma 
 and Ruthana ; all are living, except 
 Anna, who died in her third year. Has 
 been identified with all the public enter- 
 prises of the town, having been a resi- 
 dent when it was in its infancy ; has 
 been a member of the School Board 
 for the greater portion of the time for 
 the last twenty years, and has been its 
 President for a number of years ; was a 
 member of the first Town Council, and 
 has served several times since ; is a 
 member of the present Board ; was one 
 of the original organizers of the Dela- 
 ware County Bank, and has served as 
 Vice President since its organization ; 
 has engaged several times in farming, in 
 which he has been no less successful 
 than in other pursuits. 
 
 Paxson Lewis, retired. 
 
 Paxson L. C. grain buyer. 
 
 Pentony Henry, harness maker. 
 
 Pentony William, carpenter. 
 
 Percival Henry, laborer. 
 
 Peei's C. C. laborer. 
 
 Perkins Charles, cattle buyer. 
 
 Phillips Jacob, cabinet maker. 
 
 pierce Daniel, mason. 
 
 pierce G. G. clerk. 
 
 Pilkington Peter, laborer. 
 
 POUND fi^EORGE F. Farmer, 
 Sec. 3 ; was born in Erie Co., N. Y., 
 June 5, 1817 ; married Mary J. John- 
 son, Feb. 17, 1845 ; she was born in 
 Boston, Erie Co., N. Y., Dec. 18, 1824, 
 and died June 15, 1875; Mr. Pound 
 moved to N. J. when 16 years old and 
 after 7 years returned to N. Y. ; came 
 to this county in Sept. 27, 1861, settling 
 in Adams Tp., Sec. 12, and came to this 
 township in Sept., 1874 ; married to 
 second wife, Mary E. Stone, on July 4, 
 1876, who was born in Dubuque Co., 
 Iowa, July 15, 1848 ; owns 978 acres 
 of land. 
 
 Pound S. S., farmer. 
 
 POTTER, D. S., Farmer; S. 25; 
 born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., May 2, 
 1824. When about three years old, he, 
 with parents, moved to Granville, Wash- 
 ington Co., N. J., and at the age of six 
 went to Erie Co., N. Y., where he mar- 
 ried Laura A. Brayton, July 9, 1851. 
 She was born in Washington Co., N. 
 Y., Feb. 5, 1829. They emigrated to 
 this county on Sept. 27, 1851, first 
 
588 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 
 
 settling on his present farm, consisting 
 of 200 acres. 
 
 Pptter W. W., farmer, S. 35. 
 
 Pullman Nathaniel, prtacher. 
 
 Purdy R. W., carpenter. 
 
 Purvis Anderson, carpenter. 
 
 PUTXAM HEXRY H., Farmer; 
 S. 14 ; born in Lee, Oneida Co., N. Y., 
 Jan. 6, 1833. In 1865, he came to 
 this county, arriving in March. He 
 afterward went to Cedar Co., where he 
 married Elvira Stanclift, on Sept. 3, 
 1868, who was born in Collins, Erie 
 Co., N. Y., Sept. 12, 1837. Herbert 
 H. and Edward A. are their children. 
 Rhoba Stanclift, mother of Mr. Put- 
 nam, was born March 10, 1799, and re- 
 sides a portion of her time with her 
 daughter. 
 
 Putnam S. W., laborer. 
 
 T3ADCLIFFE JOHN, sewing agent. 
 
 RAXN H. L. editor Press. 
 
 RAYMOND ALBERT, Farmer; 
 Sec. 5 ; was born in Jackson Co., Mich., 
 March 5, 1830; came from native Co. 
 to this in June, 1849, settling in this 
 Township, where he married Matilda 
 Scott, on Oct. 3, 1852; she was born 
 in Schentctady, Schenectady Co., N. Y., 
 July 24, 1834 ; they are among the old 
 settlers of this Co.; Ella and Charles 
 J. are their children. 
 
 Raymond Augustine, laborer. 
 
 Raymond Augustus, laborer. 
 
 Reardon Daniel, laborer. 
 
 REYNOLDS BENJAMIN H. 
 
 M. 1>. Physician and Surgeon, Frank- 
 lin St.; was born in Green Co., N. Y., 
 July 22, 1839 ; when about ten years 
 old he moved to La Porte Co., Ind.; 
 in 1860, moved to Kankakee Co., 111., 
 where he enlisted in the 76th 111. V. I., 
 in Aug., 1862, serving nearly three 
 years ; returning home after the war, he 
 attended college at Ann Arbor, Mich., 
 after which he came to this Co, in 
 March, 1866, settling in Masonville; on 
 March 6. 1872. he graduated and re- 
 ceived his diploma from the Iowa State 
 University ; came to this city in 1873, 
 where he has been engaged in the prac- 
 tice of medicine ; married Jennie Peter- 
 son, in Ind., Feb. 9, 1865 ; she was 
 born near Xenia. Green Co.. Ohio. 
 Rich Luke, moat market. 
 
 Riddell Alex, merchant. 
 
 Riddell D. F. merchant. 
 
 Riddell William, merchant. 
 
 RIDDEEIi BRON. Dealers in Dry 
 Goods, Groceries, Boots and Shoes, and 
 Purchasers of Produce, Butter a spe- 
 cialty. Main street; David F., Alexander 
 and William are the members of the 
 firm ; David F. was born in St. Lawrence 
 Co., N. Y., Aug. 19, 1847, and married 
 Cordelia C. Dygert, Sept. 15, 1875; 
 she was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. 
 Y. ; the two senior partners commenced 
 business in this city in Sept., 1869, on 
 Franklin street, doing a small business, 
 but now have built, on Main sti'eet, a 
 store 22x115 feet, and are one of the 
 firms of the city. 
 
 ROBBING JOSEPH W., M. D. 
 was born in Medway, Norfolk Co., Mass., 
 Nov. 12, 1809 ; went with his parents 
 to Chenango Co. N. Y., at 1 year old, 
 and in 1827, moved to Cortland Co., 
 N. Y., and after residing in Cortland 
 and Otsego Counties, he commenced 
 the study of medicine in the Geneva 
 Medical College, and graduated in 1843 ; 
 practiced medicine in Cayuga Co., N. 
 Y., nine years, and in 1852, came to this 
 county, settling in Colesburg, and to 
 this city in 1855 ; married in (jayuga 
 Co., N. Y., Oct. 24, 1848, to Hepsiba 
 M. Reeves, who was born in Milan, 
 Cayuga Co., N. Y., Jan. 27, 1829. 
 
 ROBINSON JOHNSON, Farm- 
 er, Sec. 20 ; born in Ireland, Dec. 14, 
 1829 ; came to this country when about 
 20 years old, settling in Pittsburgh, Pa., 
 where he married Mary Anderson in 
 iVpril, 1855, who was born in Ireland, 
 Nov. 15, 1833 ; came to this county 
 from Pittsburgh Nov. 3, 1854, settling 
 in Prairie Township, and was the third 
 settler in that township ; came to his 
 present farm of 205 acres in 1865. 
 While living in Prairie Township, four 
 of their children died in one week. 
 
 Robinson T. T. horse dealer. 
 
 Rothschild J. clothier. 
 
 Rowley Cerenus, farmer. Sec. 1. 
 
 Rowley Parker, farmer. Sec. 11. 
 
 ROWEE Y ALONZO, Blacksmith, 
 Sec. 16; was born in Chautauqua Co., 
 N. Y., Sept. 24, 1822. Married Huldy 
 Jane Wilcox in New Yoi"k, who died 
 May 10, 1801. Married Sarah Ferris 
 
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 589 
 
 in February, 1862. Emigrated to this 
 State, settling in Fairfield, Jefferson 
 County, in 1856; came to this county 
 in the Spring of 1858. 
 
 Ruggles, H. M. aorrieultural implements. 
 
 RU(&C}LES NOBIiE, Dealer in 
 Agricultural Implements and G-eneral 
 County Agent for Buckeye Reaper and 
 Mower ; was born in Broome Co., N. Y., 
 April 12, 1821. In 1840 he moved to 
 Athens, Bradford Co., Pa., where he 
 married Elizabeth Morgan, May 20, 
 1847 ; she was born in Wysox, Brad- 
 ford County, Pa., May 13, 1827. In 
 1857, he emigrated to Manchester, la.; 
 in the Fall of 1858 he commenced 
 building fanning-mills, and in the 
 Spring of 1859 sold a Kirby reaper and 
 mower, to A. R. Loomis, the first one 
 shipped west of the Mississippi River. 
 From this small trade grew out a busi- 
 ness which exceeded $75,000 in 1869. 
 
 Rule H. W. bookkeeper. 
 
 RUSSELL DANIEL, Rev. Far ; 
 Sec. 34 ; was born in New York in 
 1824, and lived there until he was forty 
 years old, at which time he came to this 
 county ; was Pastor of the Presbytei'ian 
 Church thirty years, and officiated in 
 Manchester five years ; was married to 
 Maria Hunter, of Steuben Co., N. Y., 
 by which marriage he had two children 
 — Henry H. and Glrace. In 1857, 
 married Mrs. Mary J. Wood, of New 
 York ; they have five children — Hanson 
 W., Mary, Elizabeth, Herbert S. and 
 Daniel. Republican ; owns 281 acres 
 of land. 
 
 Russell J. R. miller. 
 
 Russell Wm. renter. 
 
 RYAX DENNIS, Attorney at Law 
 and Notary Public; was born in Salem 
 Co., N. J., Aug. 9, 1846 ; his parents, 
 Patrick and Margar(!t Ryan, emigrated 
 from Ireland in 1844 ; and moved from 
 Salem to Brooklyn. N. Y., in 1850, and 
 moved from there to Iowa City, Iowa, 
 in 1852, where Dennis attended a Cath- 
 olic school until Oct,, 1855, when his 
 parents moved to Buchanan Co., Iowa, 
 where Dennis had to be content with a 
 country school ; in 1862, he went to St. 
 Louis, Mo., and enlisted in the Civil 
 Engineer Cor j s, and was sent from there 
 to Duval's Blufi", Ark., and there raised 
 to the rank of Second Lieutenant in 
 
 Oct. of that year under Capi. Windle* 
 of the 21st 111. Inf., under command of 
 Gren. Shilor, in the 7th Army Coi'ps ; 
 on April 13, 1875, he was honorably 
 discharged, and came back to Delaware 
 Co. ; stayed a short while and went to 
 Ottawa, 111., where he attended school 
 until the Fall of 1867, when he returned 
 to Delaware Co., and improved a farm, 
 and worked the same for three years; 
 then went to Chicago and worked at the 
 carpenter trade ; returned again to Dela- 
 ware Co., Iowa, and commenced the 
 study of law in the office of Griffin & 
 Crosby, on Dec. 3. 1875, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar on March 6, 1877, 
 and is now permanently located at Man- 
 chester. Iowa. 
 
 Ryan D. S. farmer, Sec. 21. 
 
 Ryan Henry L. farmer, Sec. 21. 
 
 Ryan P. H. school teacher. 
 
 Q1 ABIN H. J. Farmer, Sec. 5. 
 
 SARIN HIRAM W. Farmer, Sec. 
 
 5, was born in Cuyahoga Co., 0., June 
 8, 1848, came to this county with his 
 parents in March, 1869, and married 
 Eva Grates, Dec. 27, 1872; she was 
 born in Cuyahoga Co., Dec. 27,1852. They 
 have two children — Charles, born Nov. 
 
 6, 1863; Harry, March 13, 1877. 
 SARIN NATHANIEL. C. Farm- 
 er, Sec. 5 ; was born in Onondaga Co., 
 N. Y., April 22, 1819, emigrated to 
 Cuyahoga Co., 0., in 1838, and married 
 Laura Marlett, Dec. 6, 1842, who was 
 born in Salina, Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
 Oct. 5, 1825, and died March 4, 1852. 
 Again married Octava D. Rudd, Oct. 
 28, 1852, who was born in Jefferson 
 Co., Feb. 26, 1831. Came to this 
 county in March 1869, settling on their 
 present farm. Mary 0., Dennis G., Hi- 
 ram W., Thomas M., Hermon J., Laura 
 0., Willard C, Myron H., Maud 0. are 
 their children. 
 
 SANRORN CUHMINGS, Mayor 
 of Manchester ; was born in Norfolk, St. 
 Lawrence Co., N. Y., Jan. 7, 1824. 
 His father moved to Louisville, same 
 county, in 1829, where the subject of 
 this sketch resided until Nov., 1852, 
 when he went to Saratoga Springs, N. 
 Y., and in 1855, was appointed Manager 
 of the Saratoga Water Cure. On Feb. 
 28, 1860, he married Martha A. French, 
 
500 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY : 
 
 who was born in Proctorsville, Vermont, 
 Oct. 25, 1822. and died March 29. 18*72. 
 Rcsi<inin<: his position at the -'Springs," 
 with a view of settling in a new country, 
 he accordingly carried out this plan by em- 
 igrating to Iowa settling in Earlville, 
 this county, in 18(il. After keejang 
 the liotel for two years, he was apjiointed 
 Postmaster, which office he held from 
 18G4 to 1868, together with the offices 
 of Township Supervisor and Justice of 
 the Peace ; he was nominated as the Re- 
 publican candidate for the House of 
 Rejtresentatives, Iowa Legislature, and 
 was elected in the Fall of 1867, and re- 
 elected in 1869; in 1870, he bought 
 the Smi offiee. at Earlville, and the fol- 
 lowing year moved it to Delhi, but sold 
 out, in 1872, to J. B. Swinburue, com- 
 ing to Manchester, and buying the Man- 
 chester Press on July 1. 1873 ; this he 
 sold on July 1. 1875. Married Ann 
 M. Dunham, widow of Francis W. Dun- 
 ham, on N(»v. 4, 1875; she was born in 
 Bakersfield, Vt., on Dec. 17, 1835. 
 In 1877, Mr. Sanborn was elected May- 
 or of Manchestei-. and re-elected in the 
 Spring of 1878. 
 
 SCHELLIXG WM. Far.; was born 
 in Sharon, Mercer Co., Pa., Dec. 30, 
 1810; remained at home working on 
 the farm until the Fall of 1837, when 
 he went to Kentucky, returning the 
 next Spring ; on May 5, 1842, married 
 Mary Stambaugh, who was born in 
 Youngstown, Trumbull Co., Ohio, Dec. 
 6, 1821 ; in the Spring of 1855, came 
 to this State, coming the entire distance 
 by wagon, and settled on Sec. 27, where 
 he has resided ever since ; have five 
 children — John S.. James K , Samuel 
 B., Sarah E. and Laura A.; John S. 
 died Sept. 16, 1875; Dem.; Indepen- 
 dent. 
 
 Scott C!ornelius, carpenter. 
 
 Scott Jesse D. laborer. 
 
 Scott J(3hn M. laborer. 
 
 Scott J. S. L. laborer. 
 
 Seaman H. C. carpenter. 
 
 Seeds Edward P. lawyer. 
 
 Seeds W. H. Cashier of bank. 
 
 Stetter Albert, elerk. 
 
 SEWARI> ALBERT O. Farmer ; 
 Sec. 13; wa.'^ horn in Ontario Co., 
 N. Y.. June 18. 1842. Emigrated to 
 Michigan in Oct.. 1863, but the year 
 
 following came to this county, arriving 
 Jan. 31, 1864; two years thereafter, he 
 returned to Ontario Co., N. Y. Mar- 
 ried Mary A. Annis, April 8, 1866, 
 who was born in Cattaraugus Co.,N. Y., 
 April 24, 1848. He came to this 
 county the following Spring, settling on 
 his present farm. Children — Meredith 
 A., Mary A. 
 
 SHEAR ISAAC, Farmer, Sec. 14 j 
 was l)orn in Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 1, 
 1834 ; married Melvina Patterson, Sept. 
 8, 1856, who was born in St. Lawrence 
 Co., N. Y., Feb. 6, 1837; came to tLIs 
 county from native State March 14, 
 1867, first settling in this township; 
 Jennie J., Cora E., Ella May, Wilber 
 J., Glen C. are their children. 
 
 SHEEDEIV AXSON, Livery and 
 Feed Stable, Main st. ; born in Adams, 
 Mass., Feb., 9, 1825 ; with his parents, 
 left his native county when four years 
 old, going to Oneida Co., N. Y., where, 
 on Feb. 17, 1846, he married Susan M. 
 Bronson, who was born in Oneida Co., 
 N. Y., May 10, 1838 ; they emigrated to 
 this county, settling in Honey Creek 
 Tp. •, but the following year came to this 
 city ; three years ago he erected a barn, 
 built of stone and brick, 66x115 feet. 
 
 Sheldon Benj. farmer. 
 
 Shelden M. W. livery stable. 
 
 SHERMAX WAI.TER B., M. 
 
 I>. one of the firm of Bradley & Sherman, 
 Physicians and Surgeons, Franklin st. ; 
 was born in Steuben County, N. Y., 
 Nov. 22, 1831 ; when about six years 
 old, he, with his parents, moved to 
 Brunswick, Medina Co., Ohio, where he 
 married Sallie S. Benjamin, on Jan. 20, 
 1859 ; she was born in Brunswick, 
 Medina Co., Ohio, March 18, 1840; 
 entered the Cleveland Medical College 
 in Oct., 18b8, and graduated in Feb., 
 1870 ; came to this county in July, 1 862 ; 
 Cora E., Mertie E. and Ella A. are their 
 children. 
 
 Sherwood A. M. traveling agent. 
 
 SHEW ALOXZO, Retired Far.; 
 was born in Northampton, Montgomery 
 Co., N. Y., March 12, 1807; in 1823, 
 he went to Jefferson Co., N. Y., where 
 he worked at his trade, that of carpen- 
 ter and joiner; married Sarah N. Wiley, 
 April 3, 1838, who was born in Che- 
 nai.go Co., N. Y., March 10, 1815; 
 
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 591 
 
 they emigrated to Sterling City, White- 
 side Co., 111., in 1855, and to this county 
 in the Spring of 18G3, settling in 
 Adamff Township ; here Mrs. Shew died, 
 July 25, 1874; Mr. S. came to this city 
 in 18G9. 
 
 Sheeley Michael, laborer. 
 
 Simpson A. J. shoemaker. 
 
 SKI^XER BENJAMIX F. 
 
 Tinner ; was born in Middlebury, Elk- 
 hart Co., Ind., Dec. 3, 1842 ; came 
 from native Co. to this county in No- 
 vember, 1853, with his parents; en 
 listed in 1st Iowa Cavalry Aug. 15, 
 1861, and honorably discharged on 
 Sept. 13, 1864; was in battles'at Mil- 
 ford, Silver Creek, Prairie Grove and 
 Little Rock ; he married Luella Dillon, 
 June 27, 1869, who was born in Du- 
 buque Co., Iowa, Dec. 6. 1852. 
 
 Sloan Alex, farmer; Sec. 9. 
 
 Sloan Elias, laborer ; Sec. 9. 
 
 Sloan John, laborer. 
 
 Sly J. D. farmer. Sec. 16. 
 
 Sly Luman, laborer. Sec. 16. 
 
 Small William, preacher. 
 
 SMITH AVERY, Farmer; was 
 born in Hinsdale, Cattaraugus Co., N. 
 Y., x\pril 25, 1832. He came to this 
 county about 22 years ago, but returned 
 to the East, after which he moved to 
 Hillsdale Co., Mich., where he married 
 Lucretia J. Cross, Dec. 5, 1872. 
 She was born in New York in March 
 29, 1845 ; immigrated to this county, 
 settling on their present farm in June, 
 1874.' Eddie A. and Eveline L. are 
 their children. 
 
 Smith C. S. farmer ; S. 2. 
 
 Smith Henry, clerk. 
 
 Smith John, laborer. 
 
 Smith Patrick, laborer. 
 
 Smith Peter, laborer. 
 
 Smith R. E. laborer. 
 
 Smally S. L. laborer. 
 
 Snyder George, cigar maker. 
 
 Snyder P. H. cigar maker. 
 
 Somers W. 0. farmer. 
 
 Spangler H. C. clerk. 
 
 Spangler W. H., sew. mach. agt.; S. 3. 
 
 Steadman, Geo. W. Mason. 
 
 STEADMAX SAMUEI., Manu- 
 facturer and Dealer in Harness, Saddles 
 and Collars, Franklin street ; was born in 
 Charlottetown, Prince Edward's Island, 
 March 13, 1845. At the age of 9, 
 
 he, with parents, emigrated to LaSalle 
 Co., 111., and after nine years' residence 
 went to Lee Co., 111. In 1867, he came 
 to this county, first settling in this city 
 Dec. 6, 1870. He married Rebecca 
 Burin2;ton, who was born in Lewiston, 
 Lake^Co., 111., on March 19, 1848. 
 Commenced business first under the 
 firm name of Eaton & Steadman, but 
 dissolved partnership in April, 1877. 
 
 Steele W. H. laborer. 
 
 Stevens M. S. mason. 
 
 STEVEJfS JAMES H. Retired 
 Methodist Minister ; present occupation 
 farmer. Sec. 32 ; was born in Wells, 
 Rutland Co., Vt., Aug. 10, 1811 ; he 
 joined the Methodist Conference which 
 embraced a portion of Vermont and New 
 Hampshire, in 1833 ; married Pedee 
 Cooley July 16, 1837, who was born in 
 Grafton Co., N. H., Dec. 22, 1811 ; 
 after fourteen years of ministerial labor, 
 he located on account of his health and 
 in 1867, they came to this county set- 
 tling on their present farm ; their young- 
 est and only living son went to the South 
 during the Rebellion, engaging in a work 
 pertaining to the Freedmen, and died in 
 six month after entering upon his duties. 
 
 Stevens William, laborer. 
 
 STEWART AI.. EMERSON, 
 
 of the firm of Kenyon & Stewart, Dealers 
 in Groceries, Crockery, and Purchasers of 
 Produce, Franklin street ; was born in 
 Mt. Carroll. Carroll Co., 111., March 29, 
 1845; when quite young, moved to 
 Savanna, 111., and in 1855, came to this 
 county, settling in Yankee Settlement ; 
 went to Bloomington 111., in 1861, 
 where, in 1868, he introduced theO. K. 
 Saleratus; married Nannie E. Taylor, 
 June 24, 1875 ; she was born in Madi- 
 sonville, Monroe Co., Tenn., March 5, 
 1848. 
 STEWART JOHN, Manufacturer 
 and Dealer in Butter ; born near Mari- 
 etta, 0., July 15, 1836. His father, 
 Stephen Stewart, of Scotch descent, born 
 Aug. 3, 1799, was a native of Virginia, 
 and" a farmer. His mother, Martha 
 Fitzhueh, born Sept. 16, 1808, was a 
 daughter of William Fitzhugh, of Welch 
 descent, of Culpepper, Va., and a relative 
 of Gen. R. E. Lee. His parents were 
 both members of the Baptist Church ; 
 they removed to Ohio, and settled near 
 
592 
 
 DIBECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Marietta in 1832, where they lived until 
 the deatli of the mother, July 4, 1859, 
 the father March 1-1, 1864. John was 
 the seventh of nine children : the parents 
 inculcated religious principles both by 
 precept and example, and their parental 
 discipline was somewhat Puritanic ; total 
 abstinence from all intoxicating drinks 
 and tobacco in all its forms was rigidly 
 practiced and enforced in the elder 
 Stewart's family. John entered school 
 when very young, but as soon as strong 
 enough to wield a hoe, worked on his 
 father's farm in Summer and attended 
 school only during the Winter months, 
 acquiring only a common school educa- 
 tion; in 1856, with an elder brother, ac- 
 cepted Greeley's advice, "went West," 
 and spent three years in Illinois, Kansas 
 and Missouri, returning home in 1859 ; 
 engaged in the fruit tree business until 
 1861, when the war commenced ; enlisted 
 as a private in Co. B, 39th 0. Vols., 
 under Col. Grroesbeck, succeeded by Col. 
 E. F. Noyes, now U. S. Minister to 
 France; served with his regiment in 
 operations against the guerillas of Mis- 
 souri in 1861 ; in 1862 was at the cap- 
 ture of " New Madrid " and " Island 
 No. 10," and when Corinth fell was the 
 third man to enter the enemy's works • 
 was in the battle of luka, Miss., in the 
 Fall of 1862, and one week later fou2;ht 
 in the second battle of Corinth ; was^ in 
 all the hard marches of the Union army 
 in Tennessee in 1863, and although not 
 physically strong, apparently, endured 
 all the hardships of a soldier's life, never 
 importuning the Surgeon for excuses 
 from duty, never " straggled " in the 
 march or shirked in battle^ was in Sher- 
 man's Georgia campaign ; in battle at 
 Resaca, Altona and Kenesaw Moun- 
 tain ; was severely wounded at Rough's 
 Mills in an assault upon the rebel line of 
 works thrown up to protect their retreat 
 across the Chattahoochie, about twenty 
 miles from Atlanta, which were captured 
 in three minutes after the bugle sounded 
 " Forward ;" rejoined his regiment at 
 Raleigh, N. C, just after the assassina- 
 tion of President Lincoln ; after a hard 
 march to Washington, via Richmond, 
 and review, regiment w;vs transported to 
 Louisville, where he was mustered out 
 in July, 1865, as Sergeant. Abou^ 
 
 January, 1866, located in St. Louis and 
 engaged in mercantile business, building 
 up a good jobbing trade in butter, 
 cheese and farm produce ; sold out in 
 August, 1867, removed to Galena and 
 engaged in the same business with B. 
 S. Bentley; removed to Manchester, la., 
 in March, 1870, in same business; 
 started the first butter creamery in the 
 State in 1872, near Manchester ; suc- 
 ceeding in manufacturing a superior 
 grade of butter with increasing demand 
 at remunerative prices, he established 
 other Creameries; others started them 
 also, until they are scattered over the 
 county and State. Having taken the 
 first premium for butter at the St. Louis 
 Fair f(ir several years, he determined to 
 compete for the gold medal at the Cen- 
 tennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in 
 1876 ; succeeded in carrying oft" the val- 
 uable prize, and removed prejudice 
 against Western, and especially Iowa, 
 butter, and adding from $500,000 to 
 $1,000,000 annually to the income of 
 the farmers of the State; in religion, 
 Baptist; in politics. Republican; an 
 active friend of Temperance; always 
 takes decided position on all public ques- 
 tions; is never "on the fence," never 
 neutral in anything. Married in Galena, 
 111., Sept. 22", 1869, Miss Sarah F. Pres- 
 cott, daughter of Rev. Asa Prescott, 
 Pastor of the Baptist Church at that 
 place ; has two children — Newton Pres- 
 cott was born May 18, 1871 ; Ferdinand 
 Charles, born Jan. 23, 1877. 
 
 Stewart R. B. clerk. 
 
 Stimpson Hiram, farmer ; Sec. 12. 
 
 Stimpson Lewis, laborer; Sec. 12. 
 
 Summons Wm. farmer. 
 
 HORPE ALFRED, merchant. 
 
 T' 
 
 TABER JOHN H. Farmer; Sec. 
 16 ; at nineteen he went to Vicksburg, 
 remaining during the Winters of 1839 
 and 1840 ; in 1844, he came to Marengo, 
 McHenry Co., 111., but in 1848 he re- 
 turned to Erie Co., Pa.; he married in 
 Chautauqua Co., N. Y., to Almira 
 Hempstead, Jan. 1, 1851, who was born 
 in Oneida Co., N. Y., July 5, 1826 ; 
 they emigrated to this Co. in April, 
 1854, settling in this township, on Dec. 
 10, and in the Summer of 1857 moved 
 on their present farm. 
 
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 593 
 
 THO^IPSOX ALBERT, Farmer; 
 
 Sec. 8 ; was born in Chenango Co., N. 
 Y., June 22, 1822 ; moved to Jackson 
 Co., Mich., with his parents, in 183*7, 
 where he married Margaret Darah, April 
 21, 1851, who was born in Sussex Co., 
 N. J., Sept. 19, 1828; in the Spring 
 of 1852, they cams to this county, set- 
 iHng on their present farm ; Ada L., 
 Hattie (deceased), Mary, Mary J., 
 Emma E., Alice, Agnes, Elizabeth, Fan- 
 nie, are their daughters. 
 
 Thorpe Albert, merchant. 
 
 Thorpe Chas. merchant. 
 
 Thorpe G. L. merchant. 
 
 Terril A. B. groceries. 
 
 Terril A. D. groceries. 
 
 TIRRIIil RODNEY W. Real 
 Estate, Loan, Collections and Pension 
 Agent ; was born in Stewartson, Coos 
 Co., N. H., Dec. 22, 1835. In 1844, 
 his parents moved to Colebrook, in 
 above county, and in 1850 emigrated to 
 Prairie du Sac, Wis. Rodney, in Nov., 
 1856, came to this county, teaching 
 school until 1857, when he went to 
 Kansas for a short time, and then re- 
 turned to Lodi, Wis., teaching school 
 and studying law. After three years, 
 he returned to this county, and on Dec. 
 30, 1860, he married Eliza J. Weeks, 
 who was born in Norwich (now Hunt- 
 ington), Hampshire Co., Mass., Oct. 8, 
 1836. Mrs. T. came direct from Massa- 
 chusetts to this county, with parents, 
 twenty-three years ago, and is one of 
 the pioneer school teachers of this 
 county. 
 
 TIJLTOX EDMUND, Dealer 
 in Groceries, Cigars and Tobaccos, 
 Main st. ; was born in Philadelphia, 
 Pa., Feb. 17, 1831; moved to Man- 
 ayunk. Pa., and to Trenton, N. J., 
 and back to Philadelphia ; then to Mil- 
 ton, Northumberland Co., Pa., from 
 which he came to this State, arriv- 
 ing on July 4, 1850, settling in Du- 
 buque. Married Sarah Hamilton, on 
 Aug. 24, 1855. She was born in 
 Scotch Valley, Pa., Aug. 24, 1835. She 
 came to Dubuque Co. April 30, 1845. 
 After living in Cascade, they came to 
 this city in 1865. C(»mmencing their 
 present business. 
 
 Tipple J. S. merchant. 
 
 Tomlinson E. N. retired. 
 
 TOOGOOD THOMAS (Toogood 
 
 & Bethell, Proprietors of the Clarence 
 House), born March 22, 1829, near 
 Wells, Somersetshire, England, son of 
 James and Jennie (Wilcox) Toogood; 
 emigrated with his parents to America, 
 arriving at Skaneateles, Onondaga Co., 
 N. Y., in May, 1832; remained until 
 1840 attending school, and when strong- 
 enough assisting his father on the farm 
 in Summer ; removed with parents to 
 Lysander, Onondago Co., in 1840, work- 
 ing on his father's farm ; parents having 
 died, removed to Delaware Co., la., 
 January, 1855, and settled at Burring- 
 ton, now Manchester, and in connection 
 with Francis Bethel, built the first hotel 
 on the town site, on the northwest cor- 
 ner of Franklin and Main streets, nam- 
 ing it the '' Clarence House," after a 
 hotel of that name in England ; remained 
 with Bethell engaged in hotel business, 
 farming, etc., and still resides on the 
 spot where he first settled, keeping the 
 same hotel. Married x\pril 4, 1861, 
 Miss Laura A. Peck, born at Otsego, 
 N. Y., Oct. 12,1836; children— Ella 
 May, born February 1, 1862, died 
 February 10, 1868 ; infant child, 
 female, born April 25, 1864, died 
 April 27, 1864 ; Mattie Belle, born June 
 21, 1865 ; Harry Peck, born June 21, 
 18()7 ; Charles Clarence, born Dec. 15, 
 1868 ; Jennie May, born Nov. 21, 1870; 
 Frank Howard, born Nov. 8, 1875. 
 Miss Peck was one of the early school 
 teachers of Delaware ; taught at Dela- 
 ware Centre ( Acersville), in the Spring 
 of 1856, and in the Spring of 1857 at 
 Burrington, and 1858 at Coffin's Grove ; 
 afterward taught one Winter on Buft'alo 
 Creek, Buchanan Co. 
 
 TORREY CHARLES O. of the 
 
 firm of Torrey & Jones, Manufacturers 
 of and Dealers in Furniture, Coffins, 
 Caskets and the Van Vleck Bed Spring, 
 Franklin street ; was born in Genesee 
 County, N. Y., July 8, 1836. At the 
 age of 6 years he went to Vermont, 
 residing there until 17 years old, when 
 he emigrated to Kane County, 111., and 
 in the spring of 1855, came to this Co. 
 He married Susan A. Roe, Nov. 5, 
 1859; she was born in Berrien Co., 
 Mich., Feb. 23, 1841. Mr. T. enlisted 
 in the 27th I.V. I., serving three years. 
 
594 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 
 
 TOWNSEBfD S A Ml EL D. 
 
 Farmer, Sec. lU; wtis born in Erving's 
 Grant, Franklin Co., Mass., July 9, 
 1829. Moved to Broom, Canada. Sep- 
 tember, 1845, and married Louisa 
 French November 22, 18-48, who was 
 born in Shefford, Canada East. July 7, 
 1880. About 1850, moved to Stephen- 
 son Co.. 111.; in July, 1853, went to 
 Jones County, Iowa ; in May, 1862, 
 came to this county; in April, 1865, 
 settled on his present farm. Their chil- 
 dren are — Amaria H., born Sept. 1, 
 1849, and died Oct. 29, 185U ; Martha 
 E., born April 20, 1851, and died Sept. 
 11, 1871 ; Aaron W., Dec. 18, 1853; 
 Alvin. April 3, 1855; Laura E., Feb. 
 10, 18f;i, and died Feb. 1, 1863; and 
 Victor A. H., April 9, 1865. 
 
 Towslee John, bootmaker. 
 
 Trenchard N. Gr. harness maker. 
 
 Trenchard S. W. carpenter. 
 
 Truby George, carpenter. 
 
 Turner Salem, laborer. 
 
 Tush Elwood, cabinet maker. 
 
 yjNDERWOOD GEO. carpenter ; Sec. 
 
 Underwood O. A. laborer. 
 UlfDERWOOD SII.AS S. Farm 
 
 er, Sec. 2; born in Sandersfield, Mass., Feb. 
 9, 1803; with parents moved to Delaware 
 Co., N. Y., where he married Catherine 
 Love, Nov. 1, 1838, who was born in 
 Ireland, Feb. 3, 1812 ; came from Dela- 
 ware Co. to this county, arriving June 
 30, 1855, settling on liis present farm of 
 of 120 acres. 
 
 Utley G. H. laborer. 
 
 "T /^ AN ANTWERP JACOB, carpenter. 
 
 Van Antwerp R. J. laborer. 
 
 VAX AXI>A SALrE G. Attor- 
 ney at Law ; born in Sunbury, North- 
 umberland Co., Pa., April 20," 1835 ; in 
 1851, he entered the Ohio Wesleyan 
 University at Delaware, Ohio, graduat- 
 ing in 1854 ; during his junior and senior 
 years, he read law with Hon. Charles 
 Switzer and W. P. Reed, and admitted 
 to the bar of the Supreme Court of Ohio 
 
 by Hon. Ranney, Chief Justice of 
 
 the State in 1855 ; entered into partner- 
 ship in the law profession with Hon. 
 Robert B. Mitchell, and came to this 
 county the same year, first settling in 
 Delhi, and enlisted as Major of the 2l8t 
 
 Iowa Vol. Inf in 1862, and promoted 
 to Lieut. Col. May 22, 1863, command- 
 ing the regiment until mustered out ; 
 married Lydia B. Weatherby, Dec. 19, 
 1859, who was born in Knox Co., Ohio, 
 Feb. 16, 1837. 
 
 Van Deusen Mathew, clerk. 
 
 Van Vleck Geo. E. mechanic. 
 
 Van Vleck Henry, mechanic. 
 
 Vibbard Samuel, butcher. 
 
 Vincent G. 0. flour and feed. 
 
 TTT ALTER H. L. photographer. 
 
 Walters I. L. miller. 
 Walworth, J. C. laborer. 
 
 Ward C. J. laborer. 
 
 WARNER DAXIEL, Farmer; 
 Sec. 13; born in Williams Co., Ohio, 
 April 8, 1843 ; emigrated to Kane Co., 
 111., where he married Mary Jane Shel- 
 don, April 1, 1867, who was born in 
 Kane Co., Ill, Jan. 28, 1845; came 
 from Kane Co. to this in April, 1866, 
 settling on his present farm of 200 
 acres ; Caleb Warner, his father, who 
 was born in Weston, Oneida Co., N. Y., 
 Nov. 23, 1805, moved to Oswego Co., 
 N. Y., and then to Williams Co., Ohio, 
 and is now residing with his son ; 
 Nevada B. is Mr. Warner's only child. 
 
 Warner M. 0. druggist. 
 
 Wasson T. laborer. 
 
 Webber Charles, cooper. 
 
 Webber C. H., laborer. 
 
 Webber G. W., laborer. 
 
 Webber J. G., laborer. 
 
 WAI.TER & WEIDMAX, Pho 
 tographers, over Ford Bros', store on 
 Franklin street. Harvey L Walter, the 
 senior partner of the firm, was born in 
 Fayette Co., 0., July 5, 1833. Came 
 to the West in 1853 ; married Mary A. 
 Fuller in 1864. Came to Manchester 
 in 1871. Have two children. W. L. 
 Weidman, the junior partner, was born 
 in Lysander, Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
 Sept. 13, 1853. Moved to Rockford, 
 111., with parents in 1855. Came to 
 3Ianchester in 1870. where he married 
 Mattie Doyle, of Richland Tp., this 
 county, Dec. 16, 1877. 
 
 Welderlin John, farmer ; S. 2. 
 
 Wellman Jay clerk. 
 
 Wheeler J. A. Constable. 
 
 White J. J. eating house. 
 
 White W. C. farmer. 
 
DELHI TOWNSHIP. 
 
 595 
 
 Whiting L. M., laborer. 
 
 Whitman Charles, blacksmith. 
 
 Whitman Henry, farmer. 
 
 Whitman John, farmer. 
 
 WHITMAN MARK, Blacksmith 
 and Wagon Manufacturing, Fayette St.; 
 born in St. Joseph Co., Ind., July 16, 
 1845 ; he, with his parents, emigrated 
 to this Co., first settling in what is 
 known as Yankee Settlement, and came 
 to this city in the Spring of 1860 ; 
 commenced his present business in 1861, 
 and is now doing business under the 
 firm name of Whitman, Hamlin & Co.; 
 married M. E. Wilson, November 23, 
 1867 ; she was born in Jefterson Co., 
 Pa., November 18, 1848. Mr. W. 
 enlisted in the 7th la. V. C, July 26, 
 1864, serving until the close of the 
 war ; Edith M. and Ernest L. are their 
 children. 
 
 Whitney C. W. laborer. 
 
 Whitney H. F. tinsmith. 
 
 Wilcox W. M. teacher. 
 
 Wilder A. M. renter ; Sec. 34. 
 
 Williams J. R. farmer ; Sec. 6. 
 
 Wilson J. P. blacksmith. 
 
 Wilson J. S. peddler. 
 
 Wilson Samuel, boot maker. 
 
 Wilson Thos. carpenter. 
 
 Winnestofer Earnhardt, brick maker. 
 
 WISE CtJEORGE E. Farmer ; S. 
 9 ; born in Tompkins Co., N. Y., Jan. 
 11, 1831. Married Ann E. Townsend 
 March 14, 1854, who was born in 
 Tompkins Co., Sept. 15, 1833. They 
 were married and resided in their native 
 county until 1873, when they came to 
 this county, arriving in March, and 
 bought their present farm, which is bor- 
 
 dered by Honey Creek, and consisting 
 of 200 acres. 
 
 WOIiCOTT NELSON J., Dealer 
 in Lumber and Farm Implements ; was 
 born in Livingston Co., N. Y., May 8, 
 1832. In 1852, he went to Australia 
 for gold, and after six months in the 
 mines he went to Peru, where he joined 
 a company prospecting for gold on the 
 head waters of the Amazon River, re- 
 maining four months in that country 
 and various parts of Peru and Chili ; 
 thence to San Francisco, Cal., via Pan- 
 ama, in which State he remained four 
 years and six months, engaged in min- 
 ing ; returned to his native county and 
 State, August 1, 1858, where he' mar- 
 ried Elsie' N. Eiggs, Sept. 29, 1859. 
 She was born in Livingston Co., N. Y., 
 March 27, 1830. In the Spring of 
 1861, they emigrated to this county, 
 settUng in Hazel Green Tp., and in 
 1870 came to this cify, engaging in his 
 present business. 
 
 Woltf L. clothier. 
 
 WoliF A. clothier. 
 
 Work Amasa, butcher. 
 
 Wright W. W. laborer. 
 
 YORAN CAL.VIX, Attorney 
 at Law, City Hall Block ; was 
 born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., June 5, 
 1844. Eesided in native county until 
 1870, when he emigrated to this county, 
 settling ii! this city, and commenced the 
 practice of the law in 1871, at which 
 time he was admitted to the bar. Mar- 
 ried Phrone Chase, Aus. 10, 1873, 
 who was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., 
 March 1, 1847. Melvin J. and Calvin 
 0. are their children. 
 
 DELHI TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ALGER I. N. farmer. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 
 Delhi. 
 ALLISON SAMUEL, Sr. 
 
 Farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Delhi. Born 
 in Orange Co., N. Y., July 19, 1826 ; 
 moved to Ohio in 1840; married Miss 
 Rachel Bell in 1854, who was born in 
 Licking Co., 0., December, 1 833. They 
 have six children living — Cora A., Wm. 
 R., John L., Ella, Alice, and Samuel E. 
 
 Came to this county in 1852 ; returned 
 to Ohio the following year, and returned 
 with his wife in 1854. Owns 680 acres 
 of land. 
 
 ALLISON SAMUEL, Jr. 
 
 Farmer, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Delhi. Born 
 in Orange Co., N. Y.. March 19, 1828; 
 moved to Ohio in 1841 ; married Miss 
 Emeline J. Harris, March 2, 1852 ; she 
 was born in Licking Co., 0., Oct. 24, 
 
596 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 1831. Mr. A. came to this county in 
 1830, entered his land and made some 
 improvements ; returned to Ohio, got 
 married and came back in 1852. They 
 have eight cliildren living — Oscar H., 
 Anna L., Mary p]., Minnie M., Laura E., 
 Frank E., Eugene and Ida L. Mr. A. 
 was elected Assessor in 1876, a position 
 he now fills ; has taught school nearly 
 every Winter since he resided in the 
 county. Owns two sections of land, 
 and is an old and influential citizen of 
 Delaware County. 
 
 Ammerman J. J. laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Angel G. G. farmer. Sec. 4; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Angel James G. far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Anthony H. farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Armstrong,' Elmira, far., S. lU; P.O. Delhi. 
 
 Atwood J. P, well driller, P. O, Delhi. 
 >ALL, WM. far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Dela- 
 
 B 
 
 BABCOCK V. M. Delhi ; was born 
 in Jefferson Co., N. Y., June 16, 1836. 
 Went to New Orleans in 1 856 ; remained 
 South until May, 1861 ; returned to 
 Jeff'erson County, N. Y.; enlisted in 
 Battery H, 1st New York Artillery ; 
 was appointed First Sergeant at its or- 
 ganization ; was promoted to a Lieuten- 
 ancy, June 1st, 1862, in which capacity 
 he served during term of service ; par- 
 ticipated in all the principal battles dur- 
 ing the Peninsula campaign ; Fair Oaks 
 and Malvern Hill, were the most severe ; 
 returned to New Orleans, the Fall of 
 '64, from there to Fort Mcintosh, Tex., 
 where he remained un'il 1868. Have 
 since been in the Western States. Was 
 married to Mrs. Esther E. Clark, Oct. 
 8, 1873. Mrs. B. had two children, J. 
 Byron and Alonzo L., by her former 
 husband, Alonzo Clark. Have one boy, 
 Carl Eugene. 
 
 BAKER WILLIAM H. Clerk, 
 
 Delhi ; born in Geneseo, N. Y. ; his 
 father emigrated to Illinois in an early 
 day ; seven years after came to this 
 county ; his father was known during 
 his life as an able lawyer who enjoyed 
 the confidence and respect of the people 
 and the esteem of the other honored 
 and privileged members of the bar; 
 served in several official capacities as 
 Justice of the Peace, State's Attorney, 
 etc. ; died at his house, Delhi, in 1856 ; 
 William was sent to school at Mount 
 
 Vernon, Iowa, and expected to complete 
 the course, but owing to the illness of 
 his father was called home, and the an- 
 ticipated college course abandoned ; the 
 family now consist of Charles M., now 
 residing in Wamego, Kan. ; Mrs. Helen 
 Hook, of Wamego, Kan., and Esther J. 
 Griffin, of Delhi. 
 
 Banta Abraham. 
 
 Barber J. M. stone mason, Delhi. 
 
 Barker C. J. flir., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Barker Loran, far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Barker Newell, far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Barnes A. D. far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Barnes A. R. far., Sec. 20; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Barnes B. H. far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Barnes, J. W. sawyer, S. 29 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Beal Frank, far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Beal James, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Beal Lewis, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Bennett Joseph. 
 
 Blanchard I. D., tinner, Delhi. 
 
 BOG<]}^ JEREMIAH B. Aud 
 itor of Delaware Co., Delhi. Born in 
 Onondaga Co., N. Y., Jan. 12, 1833^ 
 lived there till 18-46, when his father 
 emigrated to McHenry Co., 111. Came 
 to Delaware County in 1850 ; was mar- 
 ried to Miss Catharine A. Black, Nov. 
 1861. They have three children — Amy, 
 Orin T., and Ennis. Served as Deputy 
 Sheriff in 1857 and '58; was elected 
 Sheriff in 1861 ; elected County Judge 
 in 1865 ; Auditor in 1869, a position 
 that he now occupies. The Judge is 
 among the oldest settlers of this county, 
 and is a gentleman who is no less re- 
 markable for his social and intellectual 
 abilities than for his generosity toward 
 his fellow men. 
 
 Boomer Albert. 
 
 Bondurant Robert. 
 
 Bowman Austin, far., S. 24 ; P. O. Delhi. 
 
 BRAYTON JOH5f M. Attorney 
 at Law, Delhi; born in Newport, N.Y., 
 Sept. 15, 1831. At the age of 14 he 
 went to Whitestown Seminary, where 
 he remained four years ; graduated at 
 Hamilton College, Clinton, in 1853 ; at- 
 tended the law school connected with 
 the College, under Prof Theodore W. 
 Dwight ; admitted to the Bar of the 
 Supreme Court of New York, in April, 
 1854 ; spent that Summer in the law 
 office of B. Davis Noxom, of Syracuse. 
 He came to Delhi in Fall of same year, 
 
DELHI TOWNSHIP. 
 
 597 
 
 and has been engaged in his profession 
 most of the time ; was State Senator 
 from 1864 to 1868, and Judge of the 
 District Court of the 9th Judicial Dis- 
 trict, from January, 1871, to July, 
 1872. Married Miss Helen M. Martin, 
 May 4, 1859 ; she was born in Scho- 
 harie County, July 21, 1833. One 
 daughter living, Emma L., born Feb. 
 24, 1860 ; lost one child, Helen A. 
 
 Brown J. M. ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Brown P. A. far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Earlvilb. 
 
 Brugert Ludwig F. A. farmer. Sec. 35 ; 
 P. O. Delhi. 
 
 Burdick Wm., lab., S. 26 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Burrow Wm., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Earville. 
 
 /BARTER R. laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Clark N. H. teacher; P.O. Delhi. 
 
 Charter A. E. laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Cook A. J. far., Sec. 13; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 CORBIE JOHIV, Retired; born 
 in Chenango Co., N. Y., Feb. 12, 1812. 
 His father moved near Rochester ; lived 
 in that part of the State for some 
 time ; emigrated from there to Ohio ; 
 Mr. C. came to this county in 1837; 
 most of the prominent pioneers of the 
 county came that season ; remained 
 here about two years and returned to 
 Ohio where he married Miss Eliza Phil- 
 lips in the Spring of 1840. She was 
 born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Nov. 16, 
 1817. Her father was one of the 
 earliest settlers of this county, being a 
 member of the first board of County 
 Commissioners. Mr. Corbin made the 
 first assessment of the county ; have 
 three children living — John W. Corbin, 
 Esther E., now Mrs. Babcock, and 
 Doran S. Corbin. 
 
 CORBIN JNO. WINTHROP, 
 
 Farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Delhi ; born in 
 South Fork Township, this county, Jan. 
 7, 1841 ; he was the third child born 
 in Delaware Co. His father sold his 
 property in this county, and moved to 
 Ohio in 1856 ; remained there three 
 years, during which time he was attend- 
 ing school at Oberlin ; served in the army 
 in 4th Iowa V. Cavalry ; was in many 
 severe engagements ; received three bul- 
 let wounds ; was honorably discharged 
 Dec, 1866; married Miss Augusta H. 
 Plash, Dec. 13, 1866 ; she was born in 
 Hanover, Germany, Feb. 27, 1843 ; 
 
 have two children living — Guy Win- 
 throp Corbin, and Ira Hyde Corbin ; Mr. 
 C. was Sheriff" of this county two years 
 from 18*75, an office he filled ably and 
 well. Owns 280 acres of land. 
 
 COWLES ETHAN S. Sheriff, 
 Delhi ; born in Hampshire, Mass., June 
 25, 1829 ; at the age of 15 came to St. 
 Charles, 111. ; came to Delaware Co. in 
 1852, but soon after returned to Illi- 
 nois and married Miss Plicebe Eddy in 
 1854 ; she was born in Wyoming Co., 
 N. Y., Sept. 27, 1829; returned to 
 Delhi in 1854, where they lived one 
 year; in 1856, went to Richland Town- 
 ship, and entered the land which he now 
 owns. He established the Campton P. 
 0. in 1857; was appointed P. M. at 
 the time, and still holds the position ^ 
 served as Justice of the Peace for nine 
 years ; was elected Sheriff of Delaware 
 Co. in 1877, a position which he fills 
 ably and well ; served in the army in 
 the 7th Iowa Cavalry. 
 
 Crawford J. C. laborer; Delhi. 
 
 Crosier H. C far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Cross C. H. Constable ; Delhi. 
 
 Cummings A., carptr.,S. 20; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Cummings E. far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Cummings J. A. clerk ; Delhi. 
 
 Cummings Richard, carpenter; Delhi. 
 
 CUTLER GEORGE, Farmer, 
 Sec. 12; P. 0. l]arlville; born in Som- 
 erset, Eng., Dec. 15. 1817; came to 
 America, with his father's family, in 
 1836 ; lived near Syracuse eighteen 
 months ; went to Michigan, from there 
 to Wisconsin, and finally to his present 
 home which was at that time in the 
 wilds of a new and desolate country ; 
 broke the first prairie in Ede's Grove, 
 in the Spring of 1839; has been sur- 
 rounded by 700 Indians and not a 
 white man to be seen ; carried mail from 
 Dubuque to Independence, when no 
 other man could be gotten to do it, in 
 1832 ; no bridges, no roads but Indian 
 trails ; went from where he lives four 
 miles above Dubuque to mill, snow four 
 feet deep and no road ; kept bachelor's 
 hall till 1859, when he married the 
 widow Lupton (maiden name Elizabeth 
 Jones); owns 120 acres of land ; Mr. 
 C. has never been under the care of a 
 physician till Feb. 23, 1878, when his. 
 leg was broken by a vicious colt. 
 
598 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 DAUBERMAN JOHN, laborer; P. 
 0. Delhi. 
 
 Davis VVm. far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Delematter E. J. far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Donaho F. laborer; Delhi. 
 
 Dooley T. J., attorney; Delhi. 
 
 DOOI^ITTLE CHAS. B. Livery- 
 man, Delhi; born in MadLson Co., N. 
 Y., Oct. 15, 1837 ; came to Clayton 
 Co. at the age of 18; came to Dela- 
 ware Co. first in 18G3 ; was here three 
 years ; returned to Clayton Co., remain- 
 ing there five years, after which he 
 muved back to Delhi where he has been 
 engaged in livery business since 1872; 
 married Miss Theodosia 31. Lawrence, 
 Feb. 14, 1859. She was born in Madi- 
 son Co., Ohio ; have four children liv- 
 ing — Josephine E., Frederick A., Ben- 
 jamin A. and Harley 0. ; lost one child 
 in infancy. Mr. D. is now Constable 
 and is an efficient officer, has a fine liv- 
 ery and is doing a good business. 
 
 Doolittle F. A. livery hand, P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Doolittle F. P. Dept. Clerk Delaware Co. ; 
 Delhi. 
 
 DOOLITTLE HON. F. B. Del 
 
 hi, whose portrait appears in this work, 
 was born in Delaware Co., N. Y., Dec. 
 2-1-, 1825 ; his parents, William and 
 Polly A. Duolittle, in the Fall of 1835, 
 emigrated to Monroe, Mich, and in 
 183(1, to Calhoun Co., Mich., which 
 was then outside of civilization, and in- 
 habited by Indians ; his father being a 
 poor man, with a fapily of twelve chil- 
 dren, could give the subject of this 
 sketch no facilities f )r an early educa- 
 tion, except twelve weeks' schooling in a 
 log cabin, for a few Winter terms ; hav- 
 ing to work hard the balance of his time 
 clearing up a farm in the wilds of the 
 Michigan furests. In 18-45, when 19 
 years old, he negotiated with his father 
 to pay him S15t) for the balance of his 
 time, and started out into the world 
 with neither money, education or friends. 
 When 20 years of age, he hired out to 
 a nurseryman for §10.50 per month, 
 and by close attention, soon became 
 master of the business. Having, during 
 the years of 1848 and 1849, his atten- 
 tion called to this western country for 
 settlement, in the Fall of 1849, he set 
 out and came to Delhi, and after viewing 
 th(> country concluded to .settle here ; 
 
 then returning to Michigan to make 
 final arrangements for a permanent set- 
 tlement ; he returned in the Spring of 
 1850, and landed in Delhi, May 1st, 
 his entire assets being worth about $300, 
 and has remained here ever since. The 
 county at that time was new, with not 
 much civilization and less refined soci- 
 ety. The first Summer he worked jiart 
 of the time for farmers at established 
 wages of 50 cents per day, and balance 
 of time made preparations and started 
 Silver Lake Nursery which he followed 
 up, introducing many valuable varieties 
 of fruit and inspiring the settlers to 
 cultivate fruit of all the hardy kinds, 
 and afterward published a pamphlet on 
 fruit culture, entitled " Fruit Culture in 
 Northern Iowa," which has been copied 
 from extensively by Horticultural writers 
 and State Agricultural Reports, and 
 has done more to induce fruit culture 
 in Northern Iowa, than any other per- 
 son. He continued the nursery busi- 
 ness about fifteen years, giving employ- 
 ment to a large number of men, having 
 the largest nursery that has ever been 
 in the State. Soon after coming to 
 Delhi he found a field opening for oper- 
 ating in a small way with his limited 
 means in real estate, of which he availed 
 himself, and he continued in such more 
 or less until the present, and now owns 
 about 2,000 acres of land in various 
 parts of this State. He now owns three 
 cultivated farms which he superintends, 
 and has twenty acres of orcharding, 
 where he resides, situated on the banks 
 of Silver Lake, which is the finest resi- 
 dence, with the finest surroundings of 
 any in the county. Married Miss Anne 
 Comber, Oct. 4, 1851 ; she was born 
 Oct. 27, 1828, at Wythaham, Sus.sex 
 County, England, and came to America 
 with her father's family in Sprins of 
 1847, and settled in Dubuque Co., Iowa- 
 They have six children, all born in Del- 
 hi and now living — Hattie E., born 
 Feb. 8, 1853 ; Fred. William, July 8, 
 1855; Olie R., Jan. 1, 1858; John 
 Comber, April 16, 1860; Nellie Anne, 
 Nov. 9, 1862, and Minnie A., Aug. 6, 
 1865. His wife died Oct. 26, 1876, 
 greatly esteemed by both rich and poor. 
 Mr. Doolittle has always been in the 
 front ranks in all public enterprises, do- 
 
DELHI 
 
DELHI TOWNSHIP. 
 
 601 
 
 ing active work, especially such as tend- 
 ed to develop the county ; was one of 
 the agitators in organizing a company to 
 build a railroad to Delhi, and charter 
 member of and did effectual work in 
 organizing the Davenport & St. Paul 
 Railroad Company, and most active 
 in preparing its articles of incorporation 
 and setting the company on its feet ; 
 was Director and Assistant Treasurer of 
 the Company about four years. He in- 
 duced the organization of the Delaware 
 County Construction Company for the 
 purpose of building the Davenport & 
 St. Paul R. R. through Delaware Coun- 
 ty, a distance of thirty miles, and was 
 elected Treasurer of the Company, and 
 the general agent to manage its busi- 
 ness, and had the management of its 
 construction through Delaware County ; 
 with limited means and very unfavora- 
 ble route, he held the line through Delhi 
 against strong opposition from towns on 
 other lines, which were much more fa- 
 vorable, and which represented much 
 greater wealth. He founded and laid 
 out the town of Delaware, Delaware Co., 
 on the Illinois Central R, R., and se- 
 cured a station, and afterward secured 
 the Davenport & St. Paul R. R. to 
 make its crossing at that place. Was 
 elected Judge of Delaware County in 
 April, 1855, to fill a vacancy, and after- 
 ward re-elected for full term. Was the 
 first United States Revenue Collector, 
 under the United States Revenue Laws, 
 in Delaware County, and held the office 
 five years ; has been active in politics 
 from his first settlement in the county ; 
 was originally a Whig, and one of the 
 first to advocate no more slave territory, 
 and toik an active part in the county 
 convention that organized the Republi- 
 can party in this county, and has ever 
 since been identified with the party. 
 Has always been a temperance man (but 
 not fanatical), consistent, not having 
 taken a drink of intoxicating liquors 
 since he has been in the State, and al- 
 ways identifying himself with its in- 
 terests. 
 
 Doxee Harry, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Duart James, lab., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Dutton Horace, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
 Delhi. 
 
 Dutton J. W. far., Sec. 24; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 TnARLY PAT, laborer; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Eddy R. grain dlr. and lumberman ; Delhi. 
 Ellison Geo. far., Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 FEAR E. farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Dela- 
 ware. 
 
 Fear Henry C. far.. Sec. 4; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Fear W. S. far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Fitzimmons C. F. far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 FliEMINO CHARLES F. 
 Proprietor of Rockynook Mills, Delhi ; 
 born in Stockholm, Sweden, June 3, 
 1829. Came to the United States in 
 1839 ; settled at Kingston, Mass.; was 
 trained for the seas and sailed for nine 
 years on "old ocean's" surging billows. 
 In 1848 went to the gold regions of 
 California, where he remained for seven 
 years. Returned home in 1855, and 
 married Miss Mary S. Holmes in same 
 year; she was born in Plymouth, Mass. 
 Have six children living — Charles F., 
 Jr., Andrew M., David A., Edmund H., 
 Mary L., and Elise C. Mr. F. owns 
 2,0U0 acres of land. When he first 
 came to this county, he built a steam 
 grist-mill on the banks of Silver Lake, 
 and afterward purchased the Rocky- 
 nook mill property (water power) on the 
 Maquoketa, which he now owns. 
 
 Follett W. U. shoemaker, Delhi. 
 
 FULLER FRAXCIS E. Pro 
 prietor Billiard Hall, Delhi ; born in Mc- 
 Henry Co., 111., June 27, 1853; came 
 to this county in 1874 ; married Miss 
 NelHe Dan forth Oct. 5, 1875 ; she was 
 born near Niagara Falls, New York ; 
 one child — Earl, born July 27, 1876; 
 died April 1, 1877 ; his wife died Oct. 
 10, 1877. 
 
 FULLER GEO. H. Physician 
 and Surgeon, P. 0. Di-lhi ;- born in 
 Stowe, Vt, Aug. 13, 1841; parents 
 emigrated to Massachusetts in 1854, 
 and came to Buchanan Co., Iowa, in 
 1856 ; served in the army during the 
 war in the 27th Iowa V. I. ; was ap- 
 pointed Hospital Steward in March, 
 1865, and Second Lieutenant 87th U. 
 S. Col. Inf , March, 1865 ; was in com- 
 mand of a Company till 1866 ; was hon- 
 orably disitharged at New Orleuns ; at- 
 tended his first course of medical lectures 
 of Ann Arbor, Mich., and graduated at 
 the Chicago Medical College in the class 
 of 1869 ; practiced in Delhi till 1873 ; 
 
 3 
 
602 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 was then employed by the Government 
 as Physician at the Crow Indian Agency, 
 Mont., and at the Fort Hall Indian 
 Agency of Idaho; returned home in 
 1877 ; has settled in Delhi, where he is 
 engaged in the practice of his profession; 
 married Miss D. Adelaide Boomer, Jan. 
 3, 1873 ; she was born at Garden Prai- 
 rie, Boone Co., 111., April 18, 1847 ; she 
 is the daughter of Dr. A. Boomer, who 
 moved to this county in 1853. 
 
 Furman Charles, miller, S. 30; P.O. Delhi. 
 
 Furman Geo. R. miller, S. 30 ; P.O. Delhi. 
 
 FURMAN RUSSEL W. Prop. 
 
 Hartwick Mills, Delhi ; born in Cayuga 
 Co., N. Y., Feb. 5, 1822; came to Han- 
 over, Jo Daviess Co., 111., in 1842, where 
 he lived till he moved to this county ; he 
 came to Delaware Co. in 1869 ; has been 
 connected with the milling business since 
 his residence here. Owns 300 acres of 
 land, and is extensively engaged in stock 
 growing and farming ; married Miss Cyn- 
 thia Tyler Oct. 24, 1847 ; she was born 
 in Benton Co., N. H. ; have two chil- 
 dren living — Charles H. and George R. ; 
 lost one daughter — Sophronia. 
 r^ ALPIN CHARLES, mer.; Delhi. 
 
 GAIXES E. P. Delhi; Retired; 
 born in Washington Co., Penn., 
 Oct. 24, 184G ; moved to Madison Co., 
 Indiana, 1 854 ; then to this State, Du- 
 buque, in 1857 ; settled in Earlville in 
 1859. He was married in February, 
 1875, to Miss Minnie A. Butcher. She 
 was born in Galena, 111., Nov. 16, 1854; 
 they have one child, Beulah L., born 
 Aug. 29, 1876. Mr. Gaines held the 
 position as clerk in dry goods and gro- 
 cery houses in Earlville for seven years. 
 He carried on the mercantile business 
 on his own account for three years ; he 
 opened the Iowa House at Delhi 1st 
 of March, 1878. 
 
 Gleason A. L. Postmaster ; Delhi. 
 
 Gleason B. F. millwright ; Delhi. 
 
 Gibbs J. W. far., S. n ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Ginger, J. A. laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Goestel Geo., far., S. 30; P. O. Delhi. 
 
 Griffin C. M. laborer; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Griffin H. M. far., Sec. 17 ; P. O. Delhi. 
 
 <^RIFFI]V JFXIUS A. Farmer; 
 Sec. 15 ; P. O. Delhi ; born in Sum- 
 mersworth, N. H., April 22, 1839; 
 came to this county in 1851, where he 
 
 has since resided ; his father entered a; 
 section of land where he now lives, a 
 part of which he owns ; married Miss 
 Isabella B. Gray, March 19, 1862. 
 She was born in Scotland, March 19, 
 1846 ; there are seven children living — 
 Clarence E., James A., Arthur H., Hat- 
 tie E., Harry M., Eva M. and Ralph E.; 
 owns 45 acres of land. 
 
 HAM GEO., farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 HAEBERLE H. C. Deputy Treas- 
 urer of Delaware Co., Delhi ; born in 
 Goeppingen, AVurtemburg, Feb. 8, 1847. 
 His parents emigrated to the United 
 States when he was young ; settled in 
 Dubuque County, in 1860, was Teller in 
 bank of Gelpecke & Co.; latter part of 
 same year commenced learning harness 
 making of L. D. Randall & Co., and con- 
 tinued till Sept., 1872, and lived there 
 until 1863 ; was in various parts of North- 
 eastern Iowa till he came to h ^laware 
 County in 1868; served as Depui^ Clerk 
 of this county during 1873 and 1874 ; 
 Clerk in abstract office for Henry Har- 
 ger in 1875 ; since that time has been 
 Deputy Treasurer of this county. Mr. 
 H. is a gentleman whose steady habits 
 and close attention to his business beget 
 for him the confidence and respect of 
 the citizens of the county. He married 
 Oct. 20, 1875, Miss Clara P. Heath- 
 she was born in Union Township, this 
 county, Aug. 3, 1 853. One child living, 
 Fannie E.; lost one, Charles E. Mr. 
 H. is a member of A., F. & A. M.; also 
 United Workmen, I. 0. 0. F. and En- 
 campment. 
 Ham John, far., Sec. 2; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Hamilton A. P. far., Sec. 8; P. 0. Delhi. 
 HARGER HENRY, Abstracts of 
 Titles, Delhi ; born in Oxford, Conn., 
 April 14, 1832; came to Chicago in 
 1853; was in City Surveyor's office 
 for three months ; returned home and 
 graduated at the Connecticut State Nor- 
 mal School in 1856 ; followed teaching: 
 there until 1858, when he removed to 
 Delaware Co., Iowa, arriving here in 
 May; continued teaching until the war 
 broke out ; assisted in recruiting a com- 
 pany, and was mustered into the 21st 
 I. V. I., as Second Lieutenant in 1862 ; 
 j was in the severe engagemt nts of Grand 
 I Gulf, Black River, and sitge of Vicks- 
 
DELHI TOWNSHTP. 
 
 603 
 
 burg ; was promoted to First Lieutenant 
 at Vicksburg ; received an honorable 
 discharge in January, 18G4. He mar- 
 ried Miss Sarah E. Smith May 4, 1864 ; 
 she was born in St Joseph Co., Mich., 
 Sept. 13, 1843; have two children — 
 Frank E. and Burton B. Mr. H. 
 served as County Surveyor from 1865 
 to 18G7, and as Kecorder from 1867 to 
 1875. Owns 265 acres of land. 
 
 Harper Peter, farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. 
 Delhi. 
 
 Harris A. P. carpenter ; Delhi. 
 
 Hawes G. W. J. retired ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Heath E. V. Station Agent ; Delhi. 
 
 HEATH W. A. Attorney at Law, 
 Delhi ; born in Geneseo, New York, 
 Feb. 21, 1834 ; he came to Delaware 
 Co., Iowa, in 1857 ; commenced the 
 study of law, and was found to be an 
 industrious student, an apt pupil, and 
 possessing a loill endowed with native 
 energy, an unswerving purpose of mind, 
 which are sufficient guarantees of suc- 
 cess ; he was admitted and taken into 
 full fellowship with the honored and 
 privileged members of the bar in 1860 ; 
 he has been in the practice of his pro- 
 fession in Delhi, the county seat of 
 Delaware Co., since that time ; married 
 Miss Mary Barnard April 26, 1860; 
 she was born in England ; have two 
 children — Jessie and Ralph M. 
 
 Heise Fred. 
 
 Held J. P. tin and hardware, Delhi. 
 
 HOBBS CHARI.es W. Delhi; 
 was born in Queen Ann's Md., Dec. 3, 
 1805. His father, Charles, was born in 
 that State, and died in 1817 ; the sub- 
 ject of this sketch resided in that State 
 until the age of 30 ; part of the time 
 farming and part clerking for James 
 Gibson of Queenstown. In October, 
 1836, be went to St. Louis, and remained 
 there until Oct. 1837, engaged as a clerk 
 for David B. Hill, Inmber merchant. 
 The same month he left St. Louis and 
 went to Dubuque, Iowa, remaining in 
 Dubuque Co. several years ; In 1840, he 
 moved to Delaware Co., farming for two 
 years, when he moved to Delhi, where 
 he resided until 1857, when he went to 
 Osage, Mitchell Co., and served two 
 years and one half as Receiver of Land 
 Office. That office being abolished, he 
 returned to Delhi, where he has since 
 
 resided. Was the First Clerk of District 
 Court and also of Commissioners Court, 
 holding each position for seven years. 
 Recorder of Deeds one term. Took the 
 U. S. census for this county in 1860. 
 Has been Justice of the Peace seven or 
 eight years, and also Postmaster of 
 Delhi. He married Mary E. A. Ring- 
 gold in Queenstown, Md., Dec. 22, 
 
 1831. She died . They 
 
 had four children, three living — Charles 
 F., born Nov. 11, 1833; Alexander, 
 G., Sept. 4, 1836, and Thomas Wilson 
 Benton, Feb. 4, 1842, and one dead — 
 Anna Mary Wilson. Married his pre- 
 sent wife, Philinda S. Barnes in Delhi, 
 July 6, 1856 ; she was born in Franklin 
 Co., Ver., Aug. 13, 1831 ; they had 
 seven children, two living — Theron W., 
 born May 12, 1862, and Bertha Mina, 
 Ang. 7, 1865; five died in infancy. 
 
 HOLBROOK CAPT. JOSEPH 
 
 M. County Treasurer, Delhi; born in 
 Sackett's Harbor, N. Y. ; came to Man- 
 chester, Delaware Co., in 1859 ; was in 
 the grain business till the war broke out 
 when he assisted in the org;inization of 
 a company for the 27th Iowa V. I. • 
 was mustered into service as First Lieu- 
 tenant Company F, Aug. 14, 1862; 
 followed the varied fortunes of the regi- 
 ment under Gen. Banks till he was 
 wounded at Pleasant Hill on Red River ; 
 was sent to New Orleans where the am- 
 putation of his arm became necessary ; 
 was commissioned Captain Aug. 24, 
 1863 ; served on Court Martial duty at 
 Memphis, Tenn., till he was honorably 
 discharged July 13, 1865; the Captain 
 has served as Treasurer of Delaware Co. 
 for twelve years, a position which he still 
 holds with credit to himself and to the 
 satisfaction of the people. 
 
 Holdridge Riley, far. S. 23 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 House L. S. fiir. Sec. 16; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 HOUSE & DOOL.EY, Attorneys 
 and Counselors at Law, Delhi ; A. E. 
 House was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., 
 Dec. 13, 1828 ; was educated in his na- 
 tive county where he also studied law in 
 the offices of Judge Allen and D. H. 
 Marsh ; was admitted to the bar in 1 851 ; 
 married Miss Louisa M. Spang in 1858; 
 she was born in Pennsylvania ; have one 
 child — Arthur, aged 11; the Judge 
 served as Major of the 6lh Iowa V. Cav- 
 
604 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 
 
 airy during the war; Mr. T. J. Dooley 
 was born in La Salle, 111., Sept. 1, 1853 ; 
 studied his profession in his native 
 county, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1872 ; came to Delaware Co. in 1876. 
 
 Howe C. W. butcher; Delhi. 
 
 Hughes A. R. laborer ; Delhi. 
 
 Hughes Frazier, laborer ; Delhi. 
 
 Hutchins Marvin, prop. Harding Hotel ; 
 Delhi. 
 
 JACKSON JAMES, farmer, Sec. 15; 
 P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 JACKSON HENRY C. County 
 Recorder, Delhi; born in Hopkinton, 
 this county, Feb. 23, 1844; his parents 
 came to this county in an early day and 
 were among the first settlers ; he was 
 educated at the Lenox Collegiate Insti- 
 tute, formerly known as the Bowen Col- 
 legiate Institute, of Hopkinton ; mar- 
 ried Miss EllaE. Wells, Sept. 27, 1876 ; 
 she was born in Fulton, N. Y., Jan. 3, 
 1853; came to this county in 1868; 
 Mr. J. was elected Recorder in the Fall 
 of 1874, a position which he still holds 
 with credit and ability. 
 
 Joslin Benj. farmer, S. 31 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Joslin J. R. farmer, S. 31 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Joslin W. J. farmer, S. 31 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 KEITH P. W. clerk Harding House; 
 Delhi. 
 
 Keith Thomas, farmer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Kelley James, farmer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Kelley Michael, P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 KelleyT.C. laborer; Delhi. 
 
 Kelley Thomas, farm.; S. 13 ; P.O. Delhi. 
 
 KENNA PATRICK, Proprietor 
 Billiard Hall and Saloon, Delhi ; born 
 in Canada Feb. 14, 1852; came to the 
 United States when quite young ; has a 
 faint recollection of seeing Niagara 
 Falls ; first settled in Jackson Co., 
 Iowa; in 1857 moved to Jones Co.; 
 came to Delaware Co. in 1862 ; mar- 
 ried Miss Charlotte A. McLaughlin 
 Jan. 6, 1865; she was born in Key 
 Port, New Jersey ; have two children — 
 Letitia and William. 
 
 Kenny Ross, farmer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Kinney Wni. 
 
 Kofhmehl Joseph, wagon maker; Delhi. 
 
 Kourt Barnard, farmer, S. 34 ; P. 0. 
 Delhi. 
 
 Kurlson R. 
 
 ACRONE I. A. blacksmith, Delhi. 
 
 I 
 
 Lampson R. H. tenant farmer ; Sec. 7 ; 
 
 P. 0. Delhi. 
 Lampson S. farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Laughlin John, far. ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Lees Henry, far. S. 14 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Lenehan Pat. saloon ; Delhi. 
 Libe Adam, far. S. 13 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Long Jos. far. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 Lorig Matt blacksmith ; Delhi. 
 Lovell F. A. tinner ; Delhi. 
 Lutes William, carp.. Sec. 20 ; Delhi. 
 Lux Geo. far. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Lux M. far. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Lux Peter, far. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 McCANN JOHN, farmer. Sec. 20 ; 
 P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 McCormick Nathaniel, far. ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 McCoy H. C. mason ; Delhi. 
 
 McElmel J. F. far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 McEOIEL JOHN, Merchant, 
 Delhi; born in Pittsburgh, Pa., Nov. 7, 
 1843 ; came to Delaware Co. in 1855 ; 
 crossed the plains in 1864, to the gold 
 regions of California; came back in 
 1868 ; married Miss Mary E. Lux in 
 1870 ; she was born in Prussia; have 
 four children living — Helen, Stephen, 
 Eugene and John ; lost one child, 
 Margaret. Mr. M. has been engaged 
 in merchandising at his present location 
 since last Fall ; keeps a general stock 
 and by fair dealing and honest goods 
 hopes to increase his already established 
 business. 
 
 McElmeel Jos. far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 McElmeel Owen, far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 McGuire Barney, section boss, Delhi. 
 
 McGuire Bernard, clerk, Delhi. 
 
 McGuire John, laborer, P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 McKEE OEOROE H. Farmer, 
 See. 9 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born Jefferson 
 Co., N. Y., at Sackett's Harbor, Jan. 
 15, 1827. In 1850 he went to the gold 
 regions of California ; returned to New 
 York in 1853 ; came to Dubuque Co. in 
 1854, and to Delaware County in 1866. 
 He married Miss Lucretia A. Fitsim- 
 mons Jan. 4, 1854 ; she was born in 
 Orleans Co., Vt., Jan. 23, 1835 ; have 
 five children living — Monroe C, Emmet 
 S., Martha A., Mary L., and Bertha L. 
 Owns 215 acres of land. 
 
 McKee A. C. far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 McLaughlin Thos. far., S. 15; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 McLaughlin Thos. H. farmer, Sec. 15; P. 
 0. Delhi. 
 
DELHI TOWNSHIP 
 
 605 
 
 McMeel Barney, blacksmith, Delhi. 
 McMeel James, farmer; P. 0. Delhi. 
 McMeel Owen, stone mason ; Delhi. 
 
 Mc]Meel P. blacksmith ; Delhi. 
 
 McMillan John, saloon ; Delhi. 
 
 McReynolds Charles, lab. ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 McReynolds E. W. farmer; Sec. 16 ; P. 
 0. Delhi. 
 
 Martin Erastus, teamster ; Delhi. 
 
 Martin Thomas, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Mason Martin, carpenter; Delhi. 
 
 Mitchell James, fer., S. 24 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Moore Nelson, for., S. 4 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Moore Milton. 
 
 Morgan B. S. carpenter ; Delhi. 
 
 Morgan F. E. mechanic ; Delhi. 
 
 Morgan Wm. carpenter ; Delhi. 
 
 Myers Rufus R. ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 S^TAYLAN MICHAEL, laborer; P. 
 
 i_N 0. Delhi. 
 
 Neal W. F. painter ; Delhi. 
 
 Nugent J. F. Catholic priest ; Delhi. 
 
 Noble J. M. retired ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Norris Harrison, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Norris James, l-enter ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Norris, J. W. Delhi. 
 
 NORRIN LEONARD, Farmer, S. 
 14 ; P. 0. Delhi ; born in Washington 
 Co., Ky., Jan. 26, 1817 ; moved to Illi- 
 nois in 1831 ; married Miss Martha Ash- 
 burn Sept. 13, 1842; .she was born in 
 Overton Co., Tenn., Jan. 11, 1825 ; they 
 came to Delaware Co. in 1843, when but 
 few white people had ventured into what 
 was thought a wild and cheerless Eldo- 
 rado ; have seven children living — John 
 W., James T., Joseph B., Harrison, 
 Royal L., Susan E. and Ida May; lost 
 three children. Mr. N. entered the land 
 upon which he now lives and owns. 
 
 Norris Thos., far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Nutting S. M. carpenter ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 OEHLER AMBROSE, far. ; Sec. 14, 
 P. 0. Earlville. 
 Oehler G -o. far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Olmsted S. E. far., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 -pALMER JOHN, agent; Delhi. 
 
 Parker Alfred, far., S. 3; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Parker EUas, for., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Patterson J. T. 
 
 Pearson P. M. laborer ; Delhi. 
 Penn Geo. W. former, S. 9 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Penn John T. merchant ; Delhi. 
 PEXN JOHN W. RtJtired Farmer, 
 Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Delhi ; born in Nelson 
 
 Co., Va., Nov. 24, 1810 ; emigrated to 
 Dubuque Co. in 1833 ; lived there until 
 1839, when he came to Delaware Co., 
 in the Spring, one of the pioneers of the 
 county ; went hunting with the Indians 
 a great many times and camped out with 
 them ; took a claim of the land where 
 they now live, in a beautiful grove, 
 through which runs a delightful stream, 
 both of which bear the name of Penn 
 after the subject of this sketch ; mar- 
 ried Widow Dance (maiden name Par- 
 melia Sade) Feb. 10, 1846; she was 
 born in Gallatin Co., Ky., January 
 27, 1817; her parents moved near 
 Springfield, 111., when she was a child; 
 she had four children by former mar- 
 riage — Amos J., Francis M., William 
 M. and Mrs. Melissa Stoner ; they have 
 five children — Eliza, now Mrs. John 
 Norris; John T., George W., Mary, 
 now Mrs. Furman, and Fannie L. ; the 
 first Com. Court was held in Mr. P.'s 
 cabin ; he has been Sheriff ten years, 
 Justice of the Peace two years, and 
 held various positions of trust and 
 honor. 
 Peters H. E. teacher; Delhi. 
 Peters H. K. former; P. 0. Delhi. 
 PETERS COI>. JOHN H. Attor- 
 ney at Law, Delhi ; born in Litchfield 
 Co., Conn., Feb. 2, 1829 ; was educated 
 at the district school and academy of his 
 native village and completed at Trinity 
 College, Hartford, Conn., where he also 
 received the rudiments of a military ed- 
 ucation, which proved of great service 
 to him in after life ; studied law in the 
 in the ofl&ce of the Hon. Truman Smith, 
 since U. S. Senator from that State ; 
 in 1852, removed to Freeport, 111., and 
 was soon after admitted to practice in 
 the Supreme Court of that State, at the 
 Capitol, by examination ; came to Delhi, 
 the county seat of Delaware Co., and 
 commenced the practice of his profes- 
 sion, showing marked ability and energy 
 and at an early age took a prominent 
 position among the leading members of 
 the bar of Northern Iowa ; the Colonel 
 was a brave and dashing ofiicer during the 
 war, beloved by his men and respected 
 by all ; he is now engaged in the prac- 
 tice of his profession at Delhi, where he 
 is surrounded by a host of admiring 
 friends and acquaintances. 
 
606 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 
 
 Petlon Jacob, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
 
 Delaware. 
 Phillips Bloomer, tenant farmer, Sec. 22 ; 
 
 P. 0. Delhi. 
 Phillips J. M. farm., S. 23 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Phillips Zina, renter, S. 22; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Poor J. tenant far., S. 19; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Porter J. evergreen nursery ; P. O. Delhi. 
 Powell C. W. farmer; Sec. 11; P. 0. 
 
 p]arlville. 
 Powell Martin, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. 
 
 Earlville. 
 Powers John, farmer; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Preston Alvah, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Preston Alvah, Sr., retired; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Price William, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Pulver B. farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Pulver Daniel, farm., S. 15 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Pulver Henry, retired, S. 15 ; P.O. Delhi. 
 Pulver J. M. farm., S. 15; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 ROBINSON CHARLES, farmer, S. 
 12 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Robinson William, farmer, Sec. 10; P. 
 
 0. Earlville. 
 Rockwell William, farmer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Rue G. H. laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 SANBORN RAWSON, farm hand, 
 Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 SATTERL.ee JEROME B. 
 Attorney and Clerk of the Courts, 
 Delhi ; born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., 
 July 3, 1838 ; was educated at Fair- 
 field Seminary ; commenced the study 
 of his profession in his native county, 
 but at the breaking; out of the war 
 enlisted in the 44th N. Y. V. I.; partici- 
 pated in the various battles in which 
 his regiment was engaged, till he was 
 honorably discharged, Aug. 30, 1864; 
 came to Delaware Co. in 1866 ; con- 
 tinued his study in the oflBce of the 
 Hon. Ray B. GriflBn ; admitted to the 
 Bar in April, 1867 ; married Miss 
 Frances E. Wood, of Manchester, Iowa, 
 Sept. 22, 1868 ; she was born in Grant 
 Co., Wis., May 28, 1848; have two 
 children — Mary D. and M. Clark. 
 Served as Justice of the Peace two 
 years, and is now serving his second 
 term as Clerk of the Courts, the duties 
 of which he performs faithfully and well. 
 
 Shaw John H. laborer, P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Shaw Thomas, far., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Shaw Wra. Andrew, laborer; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Sherburne Geo. N., printer; Delhi. 
 
 Slinburne S. laborer; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Short Moses, teamster; Delhi. 
 
 Shottmiller Frank, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 
 Sims J. W. oardener ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 SIM Ol^S' GEORGE, Farmer, Sec. 
 23; P. 0. Delhi; born in Buckingham- 
 shire, Eng., Dec. 25, 1817. Married 
 Miss Sarah Short, March 12, 1837; she 
 was born in same shire March, 19, 1818. 
 He came to the United States in 1842, 
 and settled in Ohio, where they remained 
 four and a half years ; then returned to 
 England, coming back to Ohio in two 
 and a half years again ; came to this 
 county in 1860. They have five chil- 
 dren living — Thomas, Maria, Edward J., 
 Joseph C. and Mary E.; have lost four 
 children. Mr. S. and his son Thomas 
 served in the 21st Reg. I. V. I., during 
 the war ; he was wounded at Hartsville, 
 Mo., and will carry the rebel lead to his 
 grave; was wounded in head and knee 
 at same battle ; was taken sick in Texas, 
 and sent to New Orleans in Invalid 
 Corps ; took small-pox there ; was hon- 
 orably discharged in May, 1865. 
 
 Simons J. E. far., Sec. 24 '; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Simons Thomas, farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
 Delhi. 
 
 Smith D. M. farmer and minister. Sec. 5 ; 
 P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Smith Erastus, far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 SMITH FRAXCIS K. Superin- 
 tendent Poor Farm of Delaware County; 
 Delhi ; born in Erie County, 0., Dec. 
 12, 1822. He married Miss Elizabeth 
 Minkler Feb. 7, 1844 ; have three chil- 
 dren by this marriage, one of whom is 
 now living (Mrs. Ennis Martin, of Os- 
 wego, N. Y.); lost his wife in 1859. 
 Was married again to Mrs. Craig, whose 
 maiden name was Miss Nellie J. Dull, 
 Feb. 22, 1865 ; she had three children 
 by first marriage, two of whom are liv- 
 ing — Jennie M. and S. Lyle ; Mrs. 8. 
 was born in Portage County, O., Nov. 
 27, 1839. Mr. S. and his estimable 
 wife have for some time had charge of 
 the unfortunates who have been taken 
 " over the hill to the Poor House." The 
 order and neatness that prevail about 
 the premises conclusively show that they 
 are the right persons in the right place. 
 They have had two children, one living, 
 Ada E. Their little boy, William Bur- 
 ton, or, as he was better known by all 
 
DELHI TOWNSHrP. 
 
 607 
 
 the household and friends, " Little 
 Bertie," died May 2, 1875. 
 
 "Put away the little garments, 
 
 Bertie needs them now no more. 
 Jesus watches safely o'er him, 
 On that bright and happy shore." 
 
 Smith G. D. laborer ; P. O. Delhi. 
 
 Smith J. B. far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Smith Mortimer, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Smith Samuel, far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Snell John, far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Delhi 
 
 Spang H. A. retired ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Standacher John, far., Sec. 29; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 
 STONE ANDREW whose portroit 
 appears in this work, is of Welsh extrac- 
 tion. His father. Carder Stone, was an 
 old resident of Providence, Khode 
 Island, and died in Milford, Otsego Co., 
 N. Y. The subject of this sketch was 
 born March 28, 1807, in Milford, Otsego 
 Co., N. Y., where he remained farming 
 with his father until the age of 21. He 
 then purchased a farm of his own. He 
 iame to Delaware Co. in April 21, 1854 
 and settled in Delhi Tp., Sec. 9, residing 
 there one year. He then moved to the 
 village of Delhi, where he has resided 
 ever since ; he has been Justice of the 
 Peace two terms. Township Trustee two 
 terms, Poor House Director four and 
 one half years ; he married Dec. 27, 
 1827, Priscilla Pepper in Milford ; she 
 was born in 1800, in Ware, Mass., and 
 died April 17, 1876 at Delhi; they had 
 seven children, five living — Henry B., 
 Emily M., Leverett S., Chester D. and 
 James L. ; two dead — Sevilla A. and 
 Hiram. Married his present wife, Eliza- 
 beth Van Deusen, in Delhi, Oct. 15, 
 1876. She was born in Columbia Co., 
 N. Y., Jan. 22, 1821. 
 
 Stahr J. W. far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Stoner Cyrus, farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
 D"lhi. 
 
 Stone C. D. farmer. Sec. 7 : P. (). Delhi. 
 
 SUMMERS SYLVESTER S. 
 Collection Agent and Notary Public ; 
 Delhi ; born in Livingston Co., N. Y., 
 Sept. 11, 1839; live'd there till 1865 
 when he came to Delaware Co. ; fol- 
 lowed teaching 12 years ; has served as 
 Justice of the Peace for several terms, 
 a position he now holds with ability en- 
 joying the confidence and respect of the 
 people ; was married to Miss Jennie 
 
 Thompson in 1868 ; she was born in 
 Livingston Co., N. Y. 
 
 Sutton J. P. fiir., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Sutton S. D. far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Sweeney Andrew, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Swinburne John, sexton ; Delhi. 
 
 SWINBUNE J. B. Editor of" Delhi 
 Monitor \' was born at Cottam, Eng- 
 land, Nov. 21, 1849; came with his 
 paronts to the U. S. in 1852, and settled 
 in Lockport, 111. ; after remaining there 
 one year ; they went to Joliet, where he 
 remained until 1855, when he came to 
 Delhi; in 1859 he commenced the print- 
 ing business in Delhi with J. L. 
 McCreery, of " Delaware Co. Journal,'' 
 and worked three years. In 1 863, he 
 went to Dubuque and worked on the 
 Duhuque Times. In 1864, he went to 
 Manchester and worked four years on 
 the Delaware Co. Union. From 1868 
 to 1872, he worked on the Dubuque 
 Herald. In 1872 came to Delhi, and 
 took charge as Foreman of the Delaware 
 Go. Recorder. In Aug., 1872, he 
 bought the Recorder and changed its 
 name to Delhi Monitor. He has made 
 it a first-class paper, which has been 
 steadily increasing in circulation every 
 year, and to-day ranks with any of the 
 papers of this county. 
 
 TALMADGE GEO. farmer. Sec. 31. 
 P. 0. Delhi. 
 Tegard L. D. 
 
 Thompson Daniel, laborer; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Thompson Frank, laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Thompson Isaac, tailor ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Thompson Joe, printer in Monitor office, 
 
 Delhi. 
 Thompson John Q. school teacher; Delhi. 
 Thompson Wm. laborer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 THORPE BENJAMIN, Sr. 
 
 Merchant, Delhi ; born in Stamford, 
 Conn., February 11, 1814; moved to 
 Dutchess Co., N. Y. ; lived there seven 
 years, and moved into the city of New 
 York, where he remained 17 years ; was 
 engaged in manufacturing hats ; married 
 Miss Elizabeth Lasher in Dutchess Co., 
 the place of her nativity ; they have 
 eight children — Benjamin, Jr., Charles, 
 Garrett L., Rachel' A., Sturges P., 
 Alfred, George M. and Richard ; came 
 to Delhi in 1855, and has been engaged 
 in business here since 1856. 
 Tibbitts A. E. far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
608 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Traynor John, farm hand ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Tubbs E. P. farmer. S. 22 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 TIIBBS GEORGE, Farmer, Sec. 
 16; P. O. Delhi: burn in Otsego Co., 
 N. Y., Feb. 19, 1803; in 1844, moved 
 to McHenry Co., 111. ; married Miss 
 Amy Swift, of Otsego Co., N. Y. ; 
 eight children, seven of whom are still 
 living — Anna V. (deceased), Mrs. Betsy 
 White, Eliza, Mrs. Alsena Baker, Mrs. 
 Cynthia Benson ; Hyde E., Mrs. Maha- 
 la White, Mrs. Harriet Tibbetts ; wife 
 died Oct. 4, 1873 ; was married to the 
 Widow Macrennels (maiden name Mary 
 A. Blewett) in 18T4 ; she was born in 
 Cornwall, Eng., May 10, 1827 ; she had 
 six children by first marriage — Elias W., 
 Jane A., Charles H., Lorinda, Sarah, 
 and Fannie E. (deceasedj ; Mr. T. came 
 to Delaware Co., in 1851 ; they own 118 
 acres of land. 
 
 Turner Eli, farmer, S. 14 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Turner Samuel, far. S. 14 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Twiss T. A. Deputy Auditor Delaware Co. ; 
 Delhi. 
 
 YAN ANTWERP DANIEL, farmer, 
 Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 TTTARD JOHN. 
 
 WATTSON GEORGE, Attorney 
 at Law, Delhi ; born in Philadelphia, 
 Pa., March 9, 1819 ; parents removed 
 to Jefferson Co., N. Y., where he was 
 reared and educated ; studied his pro- 
 fession in the office of Hon. Andrew 
 Trumo, of Ky. ; was admitted to the 
 bar in 1842 ; practiced two years in part- 
 nership with his preceptor ; moved to 
 Detroit, Mich., in 1845, where he prac- 
 
 ticed one year with Hon. John Norvelr 
 U. S. District Attorney ; his health fail- 
 ing, he spent several years in travel, 
 hunting and fishing ; came to Delhi in 
 1856; was elected Prosecuting Attor- 
 ney, but did not accept ; served as Dis- 
 trict Attorney of Ninth Judicial District 
 four years and County Recorder two 
 years ; married Miss Elizabeth Rutan 
 Aug. 4, 1860; she was born in Pater- 
 son, New Jersey ; they have one son — 
 George Webster. 
 
 Way Wm. tenant far. S. 5 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Wheelock Zibo, far. S. 23 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 WHITE ELISHA M. Farmer, 
 Sec. 16; P. 0. Delhi; born in Oswego 
 Co., N. Y., Dec. 26, 1833; parents 
 moved to Ohio in 1834 ; remained there 
 three years, and went to McHenry Co., 
 111. ; in 1849, his family went to Califor- 
 nia and the family returned to Ohio ; 
 Mr. White came to Delaware Co. in 
 1856; married Miss Betsey Tubbs Dec. 
 25, 1857; she was born in Oswego Co., 
 N. Y., April 6, 1831 ; have three chil- 
 dren living — Harriet S., JohnR., Louie 
 A. ; lost one child in infancy ; owns 80 
 acres of land. 
 
 White Geo. tenant far. S. 9 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Whitaker J. J. farmer. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 
 White J. R. tenant farmer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 White Ward, carpenter; P.O. Delhi. 
 
 Wilcox Erastus, far. S. 29 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Wilcox Geo. farmer, S. 32 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Wilson Frank, far. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Delhi. ; 
 
 Winters William. 
 
 Wolfe J. H. farmer. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 COLONY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ADAMS W. S. blacksmith; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 Averitt Jas F. P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Avcritt Thomas E., M. D. ; P. O. Colesburg. 
 
 BARKER WM. farmer and mason; Sec. 
 10 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Baiivsett George, renter; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
 
 Colesburg. 
 Bockenstedt Clemans, farmer ; Sec. 26 ; P. 
 0. New Vienna. 
 
 Bockenstedt F. H. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. New 
 Vienna. 
 
 Bohnenkamp T. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 Bohnenkamp W. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. New 
 Vienna. 
 
 Bolsinger A. J.; P. O. Colesburg. 
 
 Bolsinger C. W. clerk ; P. 0. Colesbug. 
 
 Bolsinger E. J. far. ; S. 15; P.O. Colesburg. 
 
 Bolsinger J. K. clerk ; Colesburg. 
 
COLONY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 609 
 
 Bolsins^er P. C. merchant ; Colesburg. 
 
 BUSH ELIZABETH, Widow; 
 
 (maiden name Long) ; resides on farm ; 
 Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born in North- 
 ampton Co., Pa., Nov., 1799; was 
 married in 1818, to Henry Bush, who 
 was born in Pa. in 1797 ; died July 16, 
 ^ 847 ; have seven children living — 
 Sarah M. (Kinney), George, Wm. VVar- 
 ren, P]llen (Strader), Emily (Potts), and 
 John V. ; lost three — Henry, Mary A. 
 and Sophia ; came to this county in 
 1851, when the country was quite new ; 
 she is now in her 79th year, and never 
 until last Fall required the services of a 
 physician ; she is a member of the Con- 
 gregational Church. 
 Bush Geo. W. far.. S. 6; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 BUSH JOHir V. Dealer in Drugs, 
 Medicines, Paints, Oils, Dye Stuffs, Gro- 
 ceries, Hardware, Boots, Shoes, Station- 
 ery and Toilet Goods. Prescriptions 
 carefully compounded. Born in Mon- 
 roe Co., Pa., Jan. 11, 1840, accompa- 
 nied his mother to this county in 1851, 
 settled on the farm two miles west of 
 town, where she still resides. He was 
 married. May 22, 1861, to Ameha Bris- 
 tol ; she was born in Orange Co., N. Y., 
 March 1 3, 1 840. Have four children- 
 Wilbur H., Ella, John A. and Lizzie. 
 In 1869, he came to Colesburg, and was 
 in charge ef the steam saw-mill until 
 1875 ; commenced the drug business 
 here in 1876. When Mr. B. first came 
 to this county, it was wild and all kinds 
 of game abundant, of which he has 
 brought down his share. 
 
 CAIBL DAN'L S. carpenter; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Cairl Eugene, photographer ; Colesburg. 
 
 Caskey James, miller; Colesburg. 
 
 Chapman Jos., Justice of the Peace; Coles- 
 burg. 
 
 Chapman Wm. P., tinner; Colesburg. 
 
 Cleveland Chas. carpenter ; Colesburg. 
 
 Cloud Marion, far.,S. 20; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Cole Geo. renter, S. 20 ; P. 0. Coleburg. 
 
 Cole Jas. farmer, S. 20 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Cole Michael, f\ir., S. 5 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 COLE THOMAS, Dealer in Dry 
 Goods, Groceries, Drug."., etc., Colesburg. 
 Born in England June 11, 1825, came to 
 the United States in 1832, and settled in 
 Tioga Co., N. Y.; came to this county 
 in 1847, went to New York in 1849, 
 
 and was married to Hannah Wilson, 
 and returned the same year ; she was 
 born in England in 1829. Mr. C. en- 
 gaged in business soon after his arrival, 
 occupying a part of the same building 
 he is in at present. There was only a 
 log cabin in Colesburg when he came ; 
 the following year there were two more 
 built, aod for ten years settlers came in 
 slowly. Ls probably the oldest merchant 
 in the county. Have one child — EllaL.; 
 lost two — Matee and Minnie. Mr. C. 
 was Township Clerk two terms. Trustee 
 four, and School Director one; was Post- 
 master five years. Family belong to the 
 Methodist Church. 
 
 Cole Wm. renter. Sec. 21; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Coleman B. F. shoemaker ; Colesburg. 
 
 Conrad Geo. far., Sec. 1; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Crebal John, far.. Sec. 34; P.O.Petersburg. 
 
 Curler Francis, far. S. 3 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Curry R. C. potter ; Colesburg. 
 
 DATARS HENRY, renter; P. 0. 
 New Vienna. 
 Delong 0. P. blacksmith; Colesburg. 
 Deutmeyer Henry, farmer, Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
 
 Petersburg. 
 Dickson George, P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Dickson Jas. Jr., P. 0. Colesburg. 
 BICKSON JAMES, Farmer, Sec. 
 
 30 ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born in Lanark- 
 shire, Scotland, May 10, 1820. Was 
 married April 23, 1843, to Margaret 
 Hill ; she was born in Ayreshire, Scot- 
 land, in 1818; emigrated to the U.S. in 
 1849; lived in New York till August 
 of the same year ; moved to Perry Co., 
 Ind., and to this township in 1851 ; set- 
 tled on Sec. 1, near Colesburg. Mrs. D. 
 died Oct. 12, 1866 ; she was the mother 
 of three children — Thomas, Grace and 
 George ; all born in Scotland. Moved 
 to this farm in 1871, and owns 210 
 acres. Has been Road Supervisor three 
 years, and his third term as School Di- 
 rector. Family attend the Congrega- 
 tional Church. 
 
 BICKSOJf JOHN, Farmer, Sec. 
 
 31 ; P. 0. Earlville; born in Lanark- 
 shire, Scotland, June 18, 1815. Was 
 married December 29, 1835, to Isabelle 
 Rodger, who was born in same county 
 in 1811. Mr. D. was apprenticed to the 
 milling business in 1831 ; was master 
 of the trade in 18-^5 ; has worked at it 
 for 30 years. Came to this county in 
 
610 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 
 
 1871 ; bought this farm of 54 acres, 
 and still resides here. Mrs. D. died 
 March 27. 1878; she was the mother of 
 eleven children, nine living — Margaret, 
 Elizabeth, John, Agnes, Jane, Isabel, 
 James, Thomas and Janet ; lost two — 
 Thomas and Mary. Family are all 
 members of the Church of Scotland. 
 
 DICKSON ROBERT, Farmer, 
 Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born in Lan- 
 arkshire, Scotland, April 21, 1830; 
 came to the U. S. in 1851, and to this 
 county same year ; settled near Coles- 
 burg; in 1853, his parents whom he 
 had left in Scotland joined him here and 
 remained with him till their deaths. 
 Mr. D. then returned to Scotland, and 
 was married there June 6, 1872, to 
 Catharine Bell ; she was born in Lanark- 
 shire in 1839; returned home Fall of 
 
 1872 ; owns 146 acres of land. Attends 
 the Congregational Church. 
 
 Dickson T. M.far.; S. 20 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Dickson Thomas Jr. P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Dittmer George, S. 30 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Dittmer J. C. E. farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
 
 Colesburg. 
 Domeyer A. far.; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 EIKMAN HENRY, farmer; Sec. 24; 
 P. 0. New Vienna. 
 
 Ellis Wm. C. far. ; Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Coles- 
 burg. 
 FEUSTERMAN DETRICK, renter ; 
 Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 FLshel G. A. far. ; S. 23; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Fishel J. far. ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Fitch Robert, laborer ; P. C. Colesburg. 
 
 Fitzpatrick Luke, farmer: Sec. 18; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Fleuhrer Jacob, far.; S. 19 ; P. O. Colesburg. 
 
 Flynn Geo. far.; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Flynn Wm. far.; Sec. 10; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Foley David, laborer ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Frericks Henry, farmer ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
 Petersburg. 
 
 Funk Benj. propr. Centennial Hotel, 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Frank J. W. clerk, Colesburg. 
 
 Frank Wallace, farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 G^ EBHARD JOSEPH, farmer ; Sec. 
 J" '22 ; P. 0, Petersburg. 
 Glynn Michael, renter ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
 
 Colesburg. 
 Goodken Barney, farmer; Sec. 35; P. 0. 
 Petersburtj. 
 
 Goodken G. H. farmer ; Section 35 ; P. 0. 
 
 Petersburg. 
 Goodken John, farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
 
 Petersburg, 
 Goodken John (x. farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. 
 
 Petersburg. 
 
 GRAVES WILI.IAM H. Re 
 
 tired Farmer ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born 
 in Sullivan Co., N. H., July 4^, 1814; 
 moved to Sangamon Co., 111., in 1838 ; 
 was married there May 26, 1839, to La- 
 vina Sherman. She was born in Addi- 
 son Co., Vt. ; soon after moved to Jack- 
 son Co., Iowa ; was in Bellevue when 
 the citizens drove the gamblers, horse 
 thieves, etc., out of the place, about the 
 time of the Davenport murder. Voted 
 for the first Governor elected in Iowa ; 
 came to this county in 1848, where Mrs. 
 G. died June 2, 1873. She was the 
 mother of four children — Henry W., 
 born in 1842, and Marcia J. (^now Mrs. 
 McPherson) in 1848, are living. Lost 
 two, Julia and Orson. Mr. G. was 
 married again Sept. 15, 1873, to Belin- 
 da Bristol, born in N. J., Dec. 10, 1835; 
 Owns 110 acres of land in Clayton 
 Co. 
 
 Grimes F. A. potter ; Colesburg. 
 
 GRIMES JOSEPH, Retired Farm- 
 er ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born in Tioga Co., 
 N. Y., July 4, 1814; was married Sept. 
 6, 1838, to MeUssa A. Phelps ; she was 
 born in Rensselaer Co., N. Y., July 25, 
 1819 ; came to this county in 1844 ; 
 settled in this town, but moved the fol- 
 lowing Spring to Clayton County, where 
 he built a saw-mill on Elk Creek, and 
 operated it three years ; moved to farm 
 in this township, where he continued to 
 reside until March, 1877 ; owns 183 
 acres and considerable town property ; 
 have four children living — Ralph M., 
 Frank A., Emma E. and Joe E. ; lost 
 two — Caroline and Ruth ; Mr. Grimes 
 represented the county in the Lower 
 House in 1858 and 1859 ; was a mem- 
 ber of the State Senate from 1868 U) 
 1872 ; has been Justice of the Peace 
 and Notary Public about twenty years, 
 besides other minor offices ; family attend 
 the M. B. Church. 
 
 HARTBEKE S. B. farmer; Sec. 20 ; 
 P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Hartke B. H. farmer ; S. 7 ; P. O. Colas- 
 burg;. 
 
COLONY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 611 
 
 Hendrickson Simon, carpenter and joiner ; 
 
 Colesburg. 
 Henners Fred. far. ; S. 23 ; P.O. Vienna. 
 Hennekes John, far. ; S. 3_' ; P. 0. Peters- 
 burg. 
 Hewitt J. B. carp, and builder ; Colesburg. 
 Hoisington S. for.; S. 1 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Hofer Wm. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Hogan Pat. far.; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Hofbert A. B. for.; S. 3::!; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 Holbert Jos. for.; S. 33 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 'Holbeit T. R. far.; S. 33; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 Holbert W. F. for.; S. 32; P.O. Petersburg. 
 Holcher H. far.; S. 18 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Holcher J. W.far. S. 30 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 HUBBARO HEZEKIAH, Re 
 
 tired Fanner ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born 
 in Middlesex Co., Conn., May 10, 1813; 
 was married, March 4, 1835, to Sarah 
 Clark; she was born in Bennington, Yt., 
 Jan. 15, 1813; Mr. H. was employed 
 at various occupations in Northern Penn- 
 sylvania from 1S36 to the Spring of 
 1846, when he moved into this town- 
 ship ; entered 120 acres of land; has 
 been farming and dealing in stock ever 
 since ; now owns 80 acres of land ; has 
 four children living — Sarah M., Eilen T., 
 Ezra S. and Lucretia K. (now Mrs. Cup- 
 pett) ; lost four — Mary C, Lorena, 
 Francis A. and Harriet A. ; Mr. H. has 
 been Road Supervisor about ten years ; 
 Mrs. H. belongs to the M. E. Church. 
 HUBBARD J ABED, Manufoc 
 turer and Repairer of Jewelry, Watches, 
 Clocks, etc. ; Colesburg ; born in Middle- 
 sex Co., Conn., May 3, 1821 ; started 
 West in company with a brother in 1841 ; 
 came by steamboat to Jersey City, thence 
 by rail to York, Pa., which was the farthest 
 west the cars ran at that time ; came 
 by stage to Pittsburgh, thence by steam- 
 boattoSt.Charles, Mo., where they stayed 
 one month, and proceeded to Galena ; 
 fr^m there they came, on foot, to this 
 place, arriving in May ; selected and en- 
 tered land ; stopped with Old David 
 Moreland ; built a barn for him then, 
 which still stands on the old homestead ; 
 it was the first barn built in this part 
 of the county ; Mr. H. was married Dec. 
 21, 1869, to Sarah J. Garretson born 
 in Bedford Co., Pa., Oct. 10, 1842 ; two 
 children — Flora A., born June 4, 1870, 
 and Oris L., Feb. 10, 1874; owns 30 
 acres of land, and town property io Bel- 
 
 mont, Wright Co., Iowa, and house and 
 two lots here. 
 Hughes Jas. saloon keeper ; Colesburg. 
 
 JACOBS JEROME B. shoemaker; 
 Colesburg. 
 Jasper G. H. far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 KAEGER GERHARD, renter ; Sec. 
 16 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Keirn Patrick, renter, S. 21 ; Colesburg. 
 
 Keller Frank, laborer ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Keller Rudolph, farmer ; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Kenton John, renter ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Coles- 
 burg. 
 
 Kerchheck J. D. shoemaker ; P. 0. Coles- 
 burg. 
 
 Kipp Henry, farmer ; Sec. 14 ; P. New 
 Vienna. 
 
 Kip^^ H. B. J. far. ; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Coles- 
 buig. 
 
 Klamp Henry, farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 KL.AUS HERHAIV H. Farmer 
 and Stock Raiser ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Coles- 
 burg ; born in Hanover, Germany, Oct. 
 8,1821 ; emigrated to the United States 
 in 1837 ; came in a sail vessel to 
 New Orleans ; up the Mississippi River 
 by steamboat to St. Charles, Mo., 
 where he remained until May, 1845, 
 when he came to this county, and 
 settled on this farm, a part of which 
 he entered at government price ; he now 
 owns 670 acres, the greater portion of 
 which is improved; was married in 
 1849, to Katherine M. Kruempel, born 
 in Germany in 1831 ; have six children 
 living — Emma, Eliza, Frederick W., 
 George, Delia and Joseph. Lost four — 
 Alice, Charles, Benjamin and an infant. 
 Has been School Director and President 
 of the Board near 20 years. Family 
 belong to the Methodist Church, of 
 which Mr. K. has been Steward 28 
 years, and local preacher 26 years; he 
 has been a great friend to his country- 
 men ; often sent money to bring them 
 here, and afterward take care of them 
 till they could get a start for themselves ; 
 has several houses on his farm for their 
 accommodation at the present time. Re- 
 publican. 
 
 KL.AUS JOHN l>. Farmer; Sec. 7 ; 
 P. 0. Colesburg ; born in Hanover, 
 Germany, Feb. 2, 1813 ; emigrated to 
 IT. S. in 1837, and to this county in 
 
612 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 1842 ; entered 120 acres of land ; now 
 owns 480 ; married in St. Louis March 
 23, 1848, to Elizabeth Hartbecka, who 
 was born in Hanover, Germany, May 
 28, 1821; have six children living 
 — Margaret A. (now Mrs Holscher) 
 Mary M. (Wellemeyerj Elizabeth (Inn- 
 sher) William H., John H. and Samuel 
 W. Lost one — John H., died in this 
 county, aged IG months. Mr. K. is 
 one of the oldest settlers here ; helped 
 to clear away the hazel brush and timber ; 
 was Road Supervisor several terms. 
 Family belong to the M. E. Church. 
 
 Kleeman Herman, far.: S. 5 ; P. 0. Coles- 
 burg. 
 
 Kle-'man Kaaper, far.; S. 5; P. 0. Coles- 
 burg. 
 
 Kleeman Wm. far.; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Klosterman F. J. iarmer ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
 Petersburg. 
 
 Knee David, carpenter ; Colesburg. 
 
 Knee George, carpenter ; Colesburg. 
 
 Knee James, clerk in P. 0.; Colesburg. 
 
 Knee John H. carpenter ; Colesburg. 
 
 Knee Oliver H. P. carpenter ; Colesbur" 
 
 KNEE, SAMI.. G., COL. Post- 
 master, Dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries 
 etc., Colesburg ; born in Blair Co., Pa., 
 March 11, 1834; came to this county 
 in 1855 ; worked at carpenter trade 
 till the beginning of the war ; enlisted 
 Sept. 19, 1861, in the 12th Iowa In- 
 fantry ; participated in the battles of 
 Forts Henry and Donelson ; was taken 
 prisoner at Shiloh ; held till the follow- 
 ing October, when he was paroled, and 
 in the Spring joined his regiment ; was 
 promoted to Second Lieutenant in 
 March, 1863, to Captain in Sept. same 
 year ; was in command of Pioneer 
 Corps six months ; promoted to Major 
 Jan. 15, 1865, and to Lieut. Col. Jan. 
 1, 1866. Was married July 19, 1866, 
 to Julia Moreland. She was born in 
 this county April 14, 1845. Have 
 three children — Frank, Blanche and 
 Eddie ; held the position of Postm;ister 
 eight years ; attends the Congregational 
 Church. 
 
 Knippling Anton, farmer ; Sec. 34; P. 0. 
 Petersburg. 
 
 Koopmann Gerhard, renter ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Koopmann Henry, renter ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Koopmann Herman, renter ; Sec. 6 ; P. O. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Kramer John H. farmer; Sec. 26; P. O. 
 New Vienna. 
 
 Kremier B. H. far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 Kuhlman Detrich, renter, S. 8 ; Colesburg. 
 
 Kurrilmeir Bernard, renter, S. 6; Coles- 
 burg. 
 LAMMERS JOHN, Farmer, Sec. 21 ; 
 P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Lammors Rudolph, far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Pe- 
 tersburg. 
 
 Lampa Barney, far.. S. 33 ; P. 0. Peters 
 burg. 
 
 Lampman Henry, gro., S. 33 ; P. 0. Pe- 
 tersburg. 
 
 Lampman John, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 Lampman Theo., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Pe- 
 tersburg. 
 
 Land is Abraham, Colesburg. 
 
 Landis Jacob Sr., far., S. 15; Colesburg. 
 
 Landis Jacob Jr., far., S. 15; Colesburg. 
 
 Landis Joshua, farmer; Colesburg. 
 
 Lansing John, far., S. 23 ; P. 0. New- 
 Vienna. 
 
 Leichtenberg Wm. far. ; S. 23 ; P. 0. New 
 Vienna. 
 
 Link George, far., S. 23; P. 0. New 
 Vienna. 
 
 Lockridge I. N., cabinet maker ; Colesburg. 
 
 Lochridge Thos. J., harness maker; Coles- 
 burg. 
 
 Loffers Bernard, renter, S. 19 ; P. 0, 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Loffers J. G., far., S. 20; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Luhrsman B. H., far., S. 36; P. 0. New 
 Vienna. 
 
 McCRUM JOHN, Farmer, Sec. 9; 
 P. 0. Colesburg, 
 McMahon John, farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
 
 Colesburg. 
 McMahon Michael, farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
 
 Colesburg. 
 McMahon Simon, farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
 
 Colesburg. 
 McNamee E. L. farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
 
 Colesburg. 
 
 McNAMEE I.AWREXCE, 
 
 Farmer; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born 
 in Chenango Co., N. Y., Dec. 29, 1805j 
 emigrated to Missouri Territory ia 
 1819 ; came down the Ohio River on a 
 boat they built on the head waters of 
 the Allegheny River, to Shawneetown, 
 
COLONY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 613 
 
 111., crossed with team to Alton, which 
 was then only a ferrying point — only 
 one cabin in the place, that of the 
 ferryman ; settled at St. Charles ; was 
 married March 25, 1829, to Errelia 
 Cole, who was born in Oneida Co., N. 
 Y., Oct. 18, 1808 ; came to this county 
 in 1842 ; settled on the farm he now 
 occupies ; owns 480 acres, nearly all of 
 which was wild land, hazel thicket and 
 timber ; Mrs. McNamee died here, in 
 Feb. 8, 1856; she was the mother of 
 eleven children — Eliza J. and Martha 
 S. (Otis) and three infants died in this 
 township; those living are Cyrus L., 
 Mary E. (Otis), Edwin L., Medora H. 
 (Lang\ Sarah E. (Fitch) and Evaline ; 
 Mr. M. was again married Dec. 11, 1856, 
 to Mrs. Sebrah Clark (maiden name, 
 Cole), born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Dec. 6, 
 1806; has four children by first mar- 
 riage — Harriet C. (Bailey), Benjamin 
 A. and Samuel C; lost two — Seth, 
 died here in 1845, and Norman L., died 
 at Rocky Bar, Idaho, in 1873; Mr. 
 McN. served as County Commissioner, 
 two terms , Justice of the Peace, six 
 years ; County Assessor, two, Township 
 Assessor, about fifteen years ; family 
 attend the M. E. Church. 
 
 McPherson Alex, farmer. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Malvin Marion, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Malvin Wm. far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Matthews Jos. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Matthews J. W. fir.; S. 31; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Matthews W. W. far.; S. 31. P.O. Earlville. 
 
 Mensen Albert, far. ; Sec. 28 : P. O. Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 Mensen Barney, renter; Sec. 29; P.O. Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 Merten Elias, far. ; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Merten Frederick, far. ; S. 8; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Merten J. S. fir.; Sec. 8; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Merten Joseph, far. ; S. 8; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 MorelandDavid, far.;S. 5;P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Moreland Isaac A. saloon ; Colesburg. 
 
 Moreland John, teamster ; Colesburg. 
 
 Moreland J. B. farmer ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 MONTCJOMERY RACHEL, 
 
 Widow (maiden name Porterl ; resides 
 on farm ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born 
 in Crawford Co., Pa., July 30, 1808 ; 
 lived there on her fither's firm until she 
 was married, Feb. 19, 1852, to Archi- 
 
 bald Montgomery; he was born in Mer- 
 cer Co., Pa., Oct. 22, 1805 ; he came 
 to this county in 1843 ; was among the 
 first settlers ; he buried his first wife 
 here in 1849 ; married in Pa.; she was 
 the mother of nine children; Mr. M. 
 died July 30, 1875 ; at the time of his 
 death, he owned 1,200 acres of land, of 
 which Mrs. M. is now the owner of 440 ; 
 she is a member of the United Presby- 
 terian Church. 
 'INTTICHOLS F. C. laborer; Colesburg. 
 
 /^'NEAL IRA, laborer ; Colesburg. 
 
 Ovel Herman, far. ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 PAGE DANIEL A. farmer ; Sec. 4 ; 
 P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Page Jeremiah, farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
 
 Colesburg. 
 Patridge Almon, farmer ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
 
 Colesburg. 
 PATRIDGE DAXIEL, Farm- 
 er ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Colesburg ; born in 
 Essex Co., N. Y., March 28, 1811 ; his 
 father, Stephen Patridge, was killed at 
 the battle of Plattsburg. The subject 
 of this sketch came to Michigan in 
 1835, where he was married, in 1836, 
 to Sarah Smith ; born in Erie Co., N.Y., 
 May 24, 1818. They came to this 
 county in 1853, and settled on the farm 
 where they now reside ; owns 198 acres. 
 Have eight children living — Emma A. 
 (Mrs. Mapes), Lucy E. (Baldwin), Ir- 
 ving A., Albert L., Candace L. ( Mer- 
 tonj, Almon D., Rhoda E. and Mary. 
 Lost three — James, aged 5 years ; El- 
 ton E., 3 years, and an infant. Mr. P. 
 was School Director three years. Family 
 belong to the M. E. Church. 
 
 Pasker Joseph, farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
 New Vienna. 
 
 Perkins Perry, farmer ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Piatt Jacob, far.; S. 24 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Piatt John, far.; S. 14 ; P. O. Colesburg. 
 
 Potts Geo. F. teamster ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Prentice James, saw-mill ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Peetz Michael, farmer : Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 
 Petersburg:. 
 
 RAHE HENRY, farmer; Sec. 25; 
 P. 0. New Vienna. 
 Rea A. W. fir.; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 REA GEORGE W. Farmer and 
 Stock Raiser ; Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Coles 
 
614 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 burg ; born in Bedford Co., Pa,, June 
 20, 1817 ; moved to Richland Co., Ohio, 
 tn 1826 ; was married there June 11, 
 18-10, to Mary P. Merideth. She was 
 born in Belmont Co., Ohio, April 3, 
 1819. They came to this county in 
 1848, bought this farm in 1851, built 
 where he now reside.s ; the land was 
 wild, unimprovt'd prairie ; now owns 
 160 acres, nearly all under cultivation. 
 Have eight children — Amand.s W., Geo. 
 T., Maggie A. (Myers). Oscar E., Al- 
 bin M., Emma J. (Grimes). Florence S. 
 (^Dunham ), and Frank H. Lost two — 
 Martha E., died in Ohio in 1846, and 
 Mary E., here in 1862. Amandus and 
 George were in the army, the former in 
 Company B, 5th Cavalry, one yeai, and 
 the latter in Company G, 6th Cavalry, 
 near four years. Mr. R. is serving his 
 fifth year as Township Trustee ; was 
 School Director several years ; attended 
 the M. E. Church, of which Mr. R. is a 
 member. 
 
 Rea Geo. T. far.; S. 16 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Recker Joseph, farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. O. 
 Petersburg. 
 
 Reesberg Anton, farmer. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
 New Vienna. 
 
 Reesberg Kasper, farmer, Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
 New Vienna. 
 
 Reesberg William, farmer, See. 25 ; P. 0. 
 New Vienna. 
 
 Retherford James, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
 Colesburg, 
 
 Ridenour Thos. wagon maker ; Colesburg. 
 
 Rolfs Frank, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Pe- 
 tersburg. 
 
 Rupeiper Wm. farmer, Sec. 29; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Rupeiper Wm. Jr. farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 SAMPSON WILLIAM, farmer. Sec. 
 29 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Scherbring George, farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
 
 Petersburg. 
 Scherbring Henry, farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
 
 Petersburg. 
 Scherbring Henry Jr. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Pe- 
 
 tersbu g. 
 Schweiteit Bernard, farmer, Sec. 18 ; P. O. 
 
 Colesburg. 
 Shaffer Charles, Colesburg. 
 Shaffer Chas. E. wagon maker, Colesburg. 
 Shanker Henry, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
 
 Colesburgr. 
 
 NI^IOXN €HARI.ES, farmer. Sec. 
 24 ; P. 0. Colesburg. Born in Tioga 
 Co., N. Y., April 12, 1835, came to 
 this county in 1849, and moved to this 
 farm in 1868. Was married Oct. 15, 
 1857, to Jane Dickson, daughter of 
 Missouri Dickson, who came to this 
 county in 1838, and settled on this 
 farm, a large portion of which now be- 
 longs to his daughter ; she was the first 
 white child born in this township — born 
 Dec. 14, 1839 ; owns 340 acres of land. 
 Have five children — Edgar, Sarah E., 
 Charles D., Wm. H. and Mary J. Mr. 
 S. was School Director three years. His 
 father, F. B. Simons, resides with him; 
 he was born in Tioga Co., N. Y., in 
 1804; was married, in 1825, to Sarah 
 Rewey, who died in New York Jan. 23, 
 1847 ; was the mother of four children, 
 of whom Charles is the only survivor. 
 
 Simons F. B., far.; S. 25; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Smith J. H., far.; S. 9 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Smith J. D., far.; S. 13; P. O. Colesburg. 
 
 Smout E., far.; S. 8; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Sprague B. F., far.; S. 9 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 STiEDMAX RICHARD, Physi 
 cian and Surgeon, P. 0. Colesburg; 
 born in Lanark, Can., in December, 
 1824; was married there Feb. 28, 
 1846, to Phoebe Purvis. She was born 
 in same place April 2, 1826. He 
 graduated in 1853 at Syracuse JNIedical 
 College, Syracuse, N. Y. Came to this 
 town in 1855. Has practiced here 
 without interruption for twenty-three 
 years ; is one of the most reliable phy- 
 sicians in the county ; enjoys the confi- 
 dence of both the general public and 
 the medical fraternity. Have four 
 children living — Mary J. (Wilson), 
 George W., now in California, Frank 
 R. and Sarah J. Lost one — Lydia E., 
 died in infancy. Family belong to the 
 M. E. Church. • 
 
 Stillinger P., far.; S. 4; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Stober J., far.; S. 22 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Storm G., renter ; S. 31 ; P. O. Petersburg. 
 
 Sunderman H., rtr.; S. 29; P. 0. Coles- 
 burg. 
 TAPKA H., far.; S. 35; P. 0. New 
 Vienna. 
 
 Tebben H., rtr.; S. 28 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Tobie C. A., physician ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 YARWOLD HENRY, farmer; Sec. 
 9 ; P. O. Colesburg. 
 
MILO TOWNSHIP. 
 
 615 
 
 Vaska Barney, farmer ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
 
 New Vienna. 
 Vichgust Barney, shoemaker ; Sec. 13 ; P. 
 
 O. New Vienna. 
 Vichgust Theo. farmer; Sec. 22; P. 0. 
 
 Petersburg. 
 Von Lamden Henry, farmer ; Sec. 35 ; 
 
 P. 0. New Vienna. 
 
 WISMAN JESSE renter; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Wedewer Barney, farmer ; Sec. 26 ; P. 
 New Vienna. 
 
 Wheit Christian, farmer; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Wheit Geo. far.; Sec. 18; P. 0. Coles- 
 burg. 
 
 Wilcherd Anton, farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 
 New Vienna. 
 
 Willenberg Clemans, farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 
 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Willenberg Henry, farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 
 0. Petersburg. 
 
 WILSON RICHARD, Tinsmith 
 and Dealer in Hardware ; P. 0. Coles- 
 burg; born in Yorkshire, England, Dec. 
 12, 1837 ; accompanied his parents to 
 N. Y., when quite young ; came to this 
 Co. in 1851 ; engaged in this business 
 the same year; was married in 1866, to 
 Mary J. Stedman, who was born in 
 Canada, in 1849 ; have two children — 
 Fred C, born Oct. 10, 1867, and Edwin 
 R., born Sept. 15, 1872; has been Sec- 
 retary of the School Board twelve years 
 and Justice of the Peace five years ; 
 Mrs. W. is a member of the M. E. 
 Church. 
 
 Wisegarver Geo. W. laborer ; Colesburg. 
 
 Wood John C. farmer; Sec. 30; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 MILO TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ALBROOK FRANK, farmer, Sec. 22 ; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 AKERS J. M. Farmer, Sec. 35 ; P. 
 0. 31anchester ; born in Jessamine Co., 
 Ky., April 25, 1821 ; moved with his 
 parents to Putnam County, Ind., about 
 1827. He married Miss M. F. Wright, 
 November 2, 1843; she was born in 
 Lincoln County, Ky., October 4, 
 1828 ; came to county in 1857 ; have 
 four children living — Surelda J., born 
 July 19, 1 844, and married in December, 
 1869, to Mr. G. W. Clapp of Nebraska ; 
 John W.. born Jan. 30, 1846, and died 
 in Andersonville Prison April 24, 1865 ; 
 Ella, born April 19, 1855, and married 
 Mr. L. W. Bloodgood May 6, 1877; 
 Asbury F., aged 18, and Elmer N., aged 
 15. Owns 40 acres of land valued at 
 $-5 per acre. Is a Republican, and 
 himself and wife members of M. E. 
 Church. 
 
 Andrews R. P. mech., Sec. 25 ; P.O. Delhi. 
 
 ANNIS GEORGE W. Butter 
 
 Maker, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Manchester ; was 
 born in Erie Co., N. Y., July 22, 1839; 
 came to this county in 1853. He mar- 
 ried Miss Kate Dixon Oct. 14, 1866 ; 
 she was born in Rock Island Co., 111., 
 
 Dec. 21,1843; they have one child, 
 Myron, born March 24, 1868. Is a 
 Republican and Second Adventist. Mr. 
 A. enlisted Sept. 5, 1861, in Co. F, 12th 
 I. V. I. ; participated in the battles of 
 Fort Donelson, Jackson, Siege of Vicks- 
 burg, Nashville, Blakely and Spanish 
 Fort ; and was honorably discharged in 
 1866. 
 Austin Frank, laborer; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 BAILEY CYRUS, farmer, Sec. 28 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Bailey C. J. stock farmer ; Bailey's Ford 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 BANT A JACOB, Farmer ; Sec. 15 
 P. 0. Manchester ; born in New York 
 State 1830 ; moved to Pennsylvania in 
 1840, and to this county in 1866 ; mar- 
 ried Miss Asenath Altemburg in 1852 ; 
 has three children Uving and two de- 
 ceased — Matthew, born Dec. 18, 1853 ; 
 Anna M., born Aug. 30, 1856, died 
 Nov. 26, 1870; Mary, born Dec. 3, 
 1858; Abram, born May 17, 1863, 
 died November 10, 1877; Fanny 
 Viola and Frances V., born Oct. 
 27, 1866; Frances V. died Sept. 9, 
 1877. Mrs. B. was born in Chautauqua 
 Co.. N. Y.. Oct. 13, 1832. 
 
616 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Banta Matthew, farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Barker, Chas. renter ; S. 3-4 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Barker Jordan, laborer ; P. O. Delhi. 
 
 Belcher John. far. ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 BELDINGDANFOKDK. Far; 
 Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 80 
 acres of land, valued at §25 per acre ; 
 born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Aug. 
 
 24, 1840 ; came to Clayton Co., Iowa, 
 in 1855; and to this county in 1865; 
 married Miss Rebecca A. Joslin Dec. 
 
 25, 1807; she was born in Crawford 
 Co., Penn., June 0, 1842 ; has one son, 
 born Dec. 1, 1870; enlisted in Aug., 
 1801, in 2d Iowa Cav. ; spent most of 
 his time on detached duty in hospital 
 service ; was honorably discharged Oct., 
 1804; is a Republican and Protestant. 
 
 BEL.KNAP C^EO.W. Farmer; Sec. 
 31 ; P. 0. Manchester; owns 240 acres 
 of land, valued at S5,000 ; born in Edg- 
 wood, Delaware County, Iowa, August 
 18, 1855; married Miss Mary Worley, 
 July 18, 1874; she was born in Union 
 Tp., this county, June 1, 1852; they 
 have two children — Joseph C, born 
 March 18, 1876, and Theo. T., May 6, 
 1877. 
 
 BLOODGOOD, LEWIS C. 
 
 Farmer and Blacksmith ; See. 22 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester ; born in Schoharie Co., N. 
 Y., Oct. 11, 1823; moved with his 
 mother — his father dying three months 
 before he was born — to Bradford Co., Pa., 
 when he was seven years of age ; married 
 Mi«s EHza Neal, Dec. 24,^1847; she 
 was the daughter of Harvey Neal, who 
 was killed by the accidental discharge of 
 a gun while blowing in the muzzle to see 
 if it was clear ; moved to Walworth Co. , 
 Wis., in 1855, and from there to his 
 present residence in 1801 ; htis seven 
 children living — Susan A., Lavina M., 
 Mary, Leonard, Jennie B.,Loren K. and 
 Nettie M., and three deceased — Frances 
 E., Edith H. and Minnie A. ; his pres- 
 ent wife was born in Hendricks Co., 
 Ind., Nov. 9, 1836 ; her maiden name 
 was Annie J. Stanley ; she was married 
 to J. W. Wright, Jan. 13, 1856, and 
 had by that marriage four children, two 
 are living — Wilbur W. and John W. ; 
 the two deceased were named Ashbury 
 A. and Frank W. ; Mr. Wright was in 
 
 the Recorder's office of this county five 
 years; was First Lieut, in the army, and 
 died at Memphis of inflammation ; Mrs. 
 Wright married Mr. Bloodgood, Nov. 3, 
 1867. 
 
 Bottsford W. W. farmer ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Boylard Thos. farmer; Sec. 19; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Boyland W. M. farmer; Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 BOX W. L. Farmer; Sec. 22; P. 0. 
 Manchester ; owns 220 acres of land, 
 valued at $5,100 ; born in Ohio, April 
 15, 1845; came to DuPage Co., Illinois, 
 with parents when about a year old, and 
 moved to this county in 1853 ; married 
 Miss Lottie Langworthy, July 9, 1871 ; 
 she was born in Geauga Co., Ohio, Nov. 
 25, 1847 ; has three children — Lewis, 
 born August 5, 1872; David, July 19, 
 1874; Emery, Dec. 3, 1875; is a Re- 
 publican. 
 
 Brownell John, farmer ; Sec. 15J; P. O. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Brownell Jos. farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. 
 3Iancbester. 
 
 BUCK A. D. Farmer, Sec. 27; P. 
 0. Delhi ; owns 80 acres of land, 
 valued at $25 per acre; born in Adding- 
 ton Co., Canada, March 27, 1839; 
 moved to Monroe Co., N. Y., March, 
 1865, and to this county in 1866 ; mar- 
 ried Miss Elmira Crosier, Feb. 12, 
 1870 ; she was born Oct. 5, 1852 ; has 
 three children — Martin H., born Dec. 
 23, 1870; Edgerton M., born Feb. 28, 
 1873; Fred E., born Nov. 23, 1876; 
 is a Republican and Protestant. 
 
 CASEY PETER, laborer; P.O. Man- 
 che.-iter. 
 
 Cavanagh James, P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Cavaiiagh, Pat. farmer, resides with father, 
 
 Coffin Jerome, farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Cook Reuben, far., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Cooley B. R. farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Cooley Henry, farmer ; Sec. 8. ; P. 0. 
 IMsjTiofiPstcr 
 
 COOI^EY ITHAMAR, Farmer; 
 Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Manchester ; boru in Lis- 
 bon, Gratlon Co., N. H., Aug. 28, 
 1817 ; married Miss Sallie W. Snow, 
 Jan. 15, 1839. She was born Nov. 6, 
 1820; has nine children living — Aman- 
 

 PKINTON 
 
MILO TOWNSHIP. 
 
 619 
 
 da J., born Sept. 9, 1840; Mariette, 
 Aug. 1, 1841 ; Peede, died September 
 26, 1860; John A., May 20, 1844; 
 Emma A., Dec. 24, 1846; Ella, Oct. 
 30, 1848 (died June 14, 1889); Ben- 
 jamin K., Feb. 6, 1850 ; Henry A., 
 March. 2, 1853; Francenia, Doc. 11, 
 1854 ; Josephine, Oct. 13, 1857, and 
 Abbie A., Dec. 16, 1862 owns 90 
 acres of land, valued at $50 per acre; 
 is in politics a Republican ; in religion. 
 Advent Christian. 
 €OXNER DAVID, Farmer ; Sec. 
 13; P. O. Delhi; owns 80 acres of 
 land, valuf d at $25 per acre. Born in 
 Union Co., Pa., July 19, 1812. Mar- 
 ried Miss Julia L. Davis Oct. 9, 1834. 
 She was born July 17, 1816; they 
 moved to this county in 1846 ; have 
 six children living, and two deceased — 
 Sarah F., born Feb. 17, 1836; Kachel 
 E., Jan. 20, 1839 ; Anne E., June 18, 
 1841, died March 24, 1873; James N., 
 born March 2, 1844; Helen L., Nov. 
 
 16, 1846 ; Julia J., Aug. 2, 1851 ; Ro- 
 setta A., Oct. 3, 1855, and Mary E., 
 Jan. 3, 1859 ; died Sept. 5, 1863. 
 
 Conner Jas. farmer ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Conner Thos., farmer; Sec. 30; P. 0. 
 Manches'er 
 
 Church M. F., flu-mer. S. 36; P. 0. 
 Hazel Green. 
 I CL.ARK JOHX, Farmer; S. 13; 
 P. 0. Delhi ; owns 220 acres of land. 
 Born in Virginia in Octuber, 1813. 
 Came to Galena lead mines in 1834, 
 and to this county in 1839. There 
 were but five families in what is now 
 Delaware Co. at that time, and he was 
 the fourth settler in what is now Milo 
 Tp. Married Miss Olive Rexford Nov. 
 
 17, 1841. She was born in New York 
 State Sept. 25, 1824; has five children 
 living and two deceased — Andrew, aged 
 36 ; Cornelia, 34 ; Jasper, 30 ; George 
 L., 26, and Lucy V., 15. Sarah E. 
 died in 1864, aged 14, and Perry F. the 
 same year, aged 4. 
 
 Cleveland J. J ., far. S. 8 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Crooker B. P., far., S. 5; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Crooker J. H.. fer., S. 5 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Crosier Cassius, lar., S. 36 ; P. O. Delhi. 
 Crosier Frank, farmer ; S. 36 ; P.O.Delhi. 
 Crosier H., fiirmer ; S. 26; P. O. Delhi. 
 CROSIER WM. Farmer; S. 36; 
 P. 0. Delhi ; born in Cuyahoga Co., 0., 
 
 July 4, 1820. Moved to Ogle Co., Ill, 
 in 1839, and came to this county in 
 1846, where he has since resided. .Mar- 
 ried Miss .Mary Hoke Feb. 16, 1845. 
 She was born in Berkeley Co., Va., 
 March 28, 1829 ; have seven children — 
 Cassius M., aged 32, who enlisted Jan- 
 uary, 1864, in'Co. K, 21st I. V. I., and 
 remained till the close of the war. He 
 was present at the capture of Mobile. 
 Children are — Ellen A., aged 29- 
 Frank, aged 27 ; Theron T., aged 25 ; 
 Willie A., aged 23 ; Lewis H., aged 20, 
 and Charles E., aged 15. Mr. Crosier 
 is a Republican and a member of the 
 Free Will Baptist Church. 
 
 Crosier Willis, P. O. Delhi. 
 
 Cunningham Geo. P. farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 
 0. Manchester. 
 
 DAKER JAMES, farmer, Sec. 28; 
 P. 0. Manchester, 
 Davis C. W. lab.; Sec. 14; P. 0. Delhi. 
 DAVIS I>. M. Farmer; Sec. 12 ; P. 
 0. Dellii; owns 195 acres of land, 
 valued at $30 per acre ; born in Catta- 
 raugus Co., N. y., Feb. 8, 1839; came 
 to La Porte Co., Ind., in 1845, and to 
 this Co. in 1855; married Miss Julia 
 A. Petlon, Oct. 7. 1859, she was born 
 in Monroe Co., N. Y., July 3, 1840; 
 has four children — Wm. J., born May 
 9, 1861; Lowell H., Dec. 2, 1862; 
 Chas. F., Aus. 23, 1864; and Anna 
 R., Aug. 9, 1876. 
 
 Denison C. W. laborer. Sec. 3; P. O. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Dickinson, D. A. farmer. Sec. 16; P. 0. 
 Manche.>5ter. 
 
 DUFFEY H. P. Farmer, Sec. 8; 
 P. 0. Manchester; owns 339 acres of 
 land, valued at $35 per acre; born in 
 Cleveland, Ohio, Feb. 22, 1829 ; came 
 to Winneba;ro Co., 111., in 1849, and to 
 this county in 1854; married Miss 
 . Mary A. Proctor, Sept., 1848; she was 
 born in England, May 3, 1825; has 
 three children — Cora J., born June 14, 
 1862; Alva L., Aug. 14, 1867; and 
 Ray J., April 27, 1871; is in politics a 
 Republican. 
 
 Dunham H. A. fiir., S. 24 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Duttoii Chas. farmer; P. 3Iarichester. 
 
 DUNTONC. P. Farmer; Sec. 15; 
 P. O. Manchester ; born in St. 
 Lawrence Co., N. Y., November 5, 
 1842; moved to Dubuque, Iowa, in 
 
 4 
 
620 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 1854 and to this county in 1858; en- 
 listed in Co. " K," 21st I. V. I., Aug. 
 15, 1862 ; participated in the battles of 
 Hartsville, Port Gibson, Champion Hill, 
 Black River Bridge, Vicksburg and the 
 capture of Mobile ; was honorably dis- 
 charged July 15, 1865. He married 
 Mrs. Annie J. Stowe, May 7, 1876 ; has 
 one child, Allie P., born Feb. 22, 1877. 
 Mrs. D. was born in Ontario Co., N. 
 Y., Nov. 12, 1843; married H. 0. 
 Stowe in 1861 who died April 26. 187H ; 
 has by this marriage two children — 
 Liilie May, born May 10, 1863, and 
 Orr Edward, born July 1, 1869. 
 Dutton Geo. H. Farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 ELDER THOS. Farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 
 0. Manchester. 
 
 Eldridge Midian, farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 EMRICH JOHN, far. S. 13; P.O. 
 Delhi ; owns 8U acres of land ; born in 
 Germany, Dec. 11, 1809 ; came to New 
 York State in 1847 and to this county 
 in 1855; married Miss Mary Freyer 
 in 18.H6 ; has two children, Elizabeth, 
 born April 4, 1836, and Catherine, born 
 Nov. 25, 1843. Elizabeth married 
 John Hartman, Nov. 24, 1855, who 
 enlisted in the 4th Iowa Cavalry and 
 died June 25, 1864, of wounds received 
 in battle. She has four children — Carrie, 
 born Oct. 19, 1856; John, born May 
 4, 1858 ; Clara, born Dec. 4, I860, and 
 George, born June 16, 1863. 
 
 Eshelman Samuel, farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. 
 0. Manchester. 
 
 Esterbrook A. farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Ir^IERSTINE M. J. farmer. Sec. 22 ; 
 ' P. 0. Manchester. 
 French J. N. farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 Friend E. C farmer, Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 GREEN JAMES, farmer. Sec. 9; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 Gibson James, farmer, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Gibson William, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
 
 Manchester 
 HAMBI.IN EDWIN M. Farmer; 
 Sec. 23; P. O. Maiichesier ; owns 147 
 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre ; 
 born in Manjuette Co., Wiscon.Mn. Oct. 
 
 6, 1850 ; came to this county with 
 parents in 1851 ; married Mii^s Sadie M. 
 Brownell, Dec. 14, 1873. She was born 
 in this county Aug. 1 , 1 856 ; he is a 
 Republican and Protestant. 
 
 HAMBLIN GEO. R. Farmer; Sec. 
 26. 
 
 HAMBEIN MARK, Farmer; 
 Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Manchester; owns 173 
 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
 Born in Franklin County, Ohio, Feb- 
 ruary 24, 1825 ; married Miss Tem- 
 perance Densmore August 5, 1849. 
 She was born in New York, Decem- 
 ber II, 1831 ; came to Marquette Co., 
 Wis., March 1850, and to this county in 
 April, 1851 ; has five children living, 
 and three deceased — Edward M., born 
 Oct. 16, 1850 ; John T.,born March 1, 
 1850, died Sept. 5, 1869; Frank W., 
 born May 4, 1854, died March 4, 
 1864 ; Emma E., born June 28, 1857, 
 died Nov. 5, 1864 ; Chas. G., born 
 Jan. 16, 1860 ; Solon R., bi.rn July 
 25,1862; Elvira C, born March 4, 
 1865; Annie B., born March 20, 1870. 
 During the first sixteen years of his 
 residence in this county, he worked at 
 the mason trade, and he, with his part- 
 ner, were the only mas( ns in Delhi Tp. 
 for a number of years. He is one of 
 the early settlers of this vicinity, and 
 has done much to promote the growth 
 and development of this part of the 
 county. 
 
 Hamblin R. far., S. 33; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Hayden Wm. painter. Sec. 12; P. 0. 
 Delhi. 
 
 HOG AX JAMES, Farmer, Sec. 20; 
 P. O. Manchester; owns 160 acres, val- 
 ued at S30 per a' re. Born in Ireland, 
 in 1825, came to Chicago in 1847, to 
 Dubuque Co., Iowa, in 1855, and to 
 this county in 1859. Married Miss 
 Ellen Henrick May 12, 1855; she was 
 born in Dublin March 27, 1833. Have 
 eight children— Catharine, born March 
 31, 1857 ; William and John, May 29, 
 1858; Francis, Jan. TO, 1860; An- 
 drew, Jan 17, 1862 ; Mary A., Feb. 
 11, 1865 ; Elizabeth, March 13, 1872 ; 
 and Ellen, March 20, 1875. 
 
 Huey Dnn'l, far., S. 32; P. O. Manchester. 
 
 HLEY EMMETT, Farmer, Sec. 32 ; 
 P. O. Manchtsttr. B* rn in Schuyler 
 Co., N. Y., May 10, 1848, moved to 
 
MILO TOWNSHIP. 
 
 621 
 
 Lycoming Co., Pa., in 1866, where he 
 was engaged in the lumber business for 
 five years ; cam^ to this county in 1871, 
 where he has since resided ; owns, with 
 his brother, 1 60 acres of land, valued 
 at $25 per acre ; in politics, a Demo- 
 crat. 
 Hugsins Jesse, far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 HUTCHINSOX CRAWFORD, 
 Broker, Sec. 17 ; office in the town of 
 Manchester, with A. S. Blair, attorney 
 at law ; P. 0. Manchester. Born in 
 Sunderland, England, Jan. 2, 1848, and 
 came to this county in 186-t. 
 "TAKELIN PETER, laborer, renter; 
 fj Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Jones W. H. farmer, Sec. 20; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 K ASTER WM. farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 
 0. Manchester. 
 Raster Hiram, far. S. 2; P. 0. Manchester. 
 KENXEY C. W. Farmer, S. 5 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester; born in Windham Co., Vt., 
 Feb. 26, 1811; moved with his parents to 
 Canada East, in 1821, to Bangor, Me., 
 in 1833 and to this Co. in 1865 ; owns, 
 with son, 90 acres of land, valued at 
 $25 per acre ; married Miss Sarah 
 Boodry, March 4, 1837, who died April 
 29, 1869 ; has six children — Tryphena, 
 born Oct. 11, 1838; Luke A., born 
 April 30, 1840 (he was killed in a 
 skirmish at Deep Bottom, in the Spring 
 of 1865); J. B.,born June 28, 1842; 
 Willard, born Dec. 22, 1844; Almu3, 
 born Dec. 4, 1847 ; Lucy E., born June 
 16, 1850, and Luther T., Nov. 7, 1855. 
 Kenney J. B. farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 King J. F. farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 King N. C. farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 Koehler Jacob, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Koehler M. far., S. 18 ; P.O. Manchester. 
 
 LILLIBRIDGE JOHN, farmer. Sec. j 
 11 ; P. 0. Manchester. I 
 
 liAXNIXG MARTIX, Farmer, 
 Sec. 2; P. 0. Manchester; owns 60 \ 
 acres of land; born in Schenectady Co., j 
 N. Y., Sept. 18, 1806; came to this ; 
 county in Oct., 1852; married Mrs. , 
 Nancy Grommon, who died Feb. 23, i 
 1875; has six children — Sarah J., born j 
 July 12, 1840; Ransom, April 15, I 
 
 1842; Nathan, May 20, 1844; Harriet, 
 March 25, 1846; Eliza M., June 26, 
 1848; and Laura A., Feb. 14, 1850; 
 Eliza M. married Thos. Elder, May 16, 
 1872 ; they have two children — Lyle, 
 born Nov. 14, 1874. and Ciark, Aug. 
 30, 1877. 
 Lillibridge Leverett, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 
 
 0. Manchester. 
 Logan G. T. laborer; P. 0. Manchester. 
 liOGAX WM. H. Farmer, Sec. 9 ; 
 P. 0. Manchester; owns 178 acres, 
 valued at $25 per acre ; born in Ben- 
 nington Co., Vt., Sept. 24, 1842 ; en- 
 listed in Co. C, 14th V. V. I., Aug. 28, 
 1862, for nine months, and at the 
 expiration of that time, re-enlisted in 
 Co. E, 5th V. V. I. ; participated in the 
 battles of Gettysburg, Petersburg; 
 Cedar Creek, Fisher's Hill, Fredericks- 
 burg, Winchester, and many other 
 engagements of less note; was in the 
 Second Division, Sixth Army Corps, that 
 led the charge on the enemy's works at 
 capture of Petersburg and surrender of 
 Gen. Lee ; was honorably discharged at 
 Brattleboro, Vt., June 1 9, 1865 ; married 
 Miss Adella Douglas, Dec. 26, 1867; has 
 five children — Jessie, born Jan. 7, 
 1869; Freddie, July 31, 1870; Alice, 
 May 16, 1872; Minnie, Oct. 29, 1874; 
 and Harry, April 21, 1876; Mrs. Logan 
 was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., Dec. 2, 
 1848. 
 Lont C. B. far. ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 McCLAREN PETER, far. ; Sec. 28; 
 P. O. Manchester. 
 
 McElmeel John, farmer ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 McFerrin Andrew, farmer ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 McKay Amos, far. ; Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Manderville, John, retired ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
 Delhi. 
 
 Maxwell John, farmer; Sec. 2; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Maxwell Rich'd, renter; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Miller David G. farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Miller Jacob K. farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Miller John K. farmer; Sec. 15; P. 
 Manchester, 
 
 Morey Uriah, far. ; Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
622 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 Morgan E. J. far.; S. 35 ; P.O. Manchester. 
 
 Morgan Evan. far. ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Morgan Samuel, farmer; Sec. 35; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Morgan Wm.far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Muckler L. F. far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Manches- 
 ter. 
 
 Muzzy J. far.,S. 30; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Myers M. for., S. 17 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 NASH G. K. farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. j 
 Manchester. 
 !IJAPIER JOHN, Farmer, Sec. 36 ; 
 P. 0. Delhi ; born in London, Eng. 
 June 17, 1836; came to America in 
 1847 ; followed the occupation of a sai- 
 lor about nineteen years ; enlisted in 
 the navy under Admiral Dupont, Sept. 
 12, 1861 ; participated in a large num- 
 ber of engagements and was honorably 
 discharged iu New York City, Sept. 12, 
 1862 ; married Mrs. Hannah Frank 
 March 2, 1864, and came to this county 
 in Nov. of the same year ; he has !Sjur 
 children — John W., born April 22 ; 
 1866; Esther M., April 3, 1868; Ida 
 J., Nov. 12,1871; George E., March 
 29, 1876; Mrs. N. was formerly mar- 
 ried to David Frank, a native of Edin- 
 burgh, in July, 1854 ; he died in 1863; 
 she had by that marriage two children 
 — David A., born June 18, 1855, died 
 Dec. 15, 1860, and Ellen E., born May 
 17, 1858. 
 Noble Ed. lab. ; P. O. Manchester. 
 
 PETTLON WILLIAM, far.; Sec. 
 24 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 PETTIiON JACOB, Farmer ; Sec. 
 24; P. 0. Delhi; born iu Germany, 
 Sept. 24, 1813 ; came to N. Y, in 1840, 
 and married Miss Catharine Mier Oct. 20, 
 of the same year ; she was born in Ger- 
 many, March 31, 1821 ; they have ten 
 children living — Julia, born July 3, 
 1842; Charles, Jan. 2, 1846; Jacob 
 and William, Jan. 5, 1849; Sophia A., 
 July 5, 1853 ; Caroline E., Jan. 20, 
 1855 ; Mary A., Jan 19, 1858 ; Fred. 
 A., Aug. 11, 1859; Rosy, May 26, 
 1862; Ida, April 13,1865; became to 
 to this county in 1854 ; owns 115 acres 
 of land. 
 
 Peters Harry, farmer; Sec. 24; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 PIERCE JAMES, Farmer; Sec. 
 26; P. 0. Manchester; owns 60 acres 
 
 of land valued at $20 per acre ; born 
 in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Feb. 26, 
 1845, and came to this county in 1858 ; 
 married Miss Lucy F. Smith, Feb. 26, 
 1865. She was born Jan. 20, 1844 ; 
 has had one child, now deceased, born 
 Feb. 27, 1874, died Nov. 20, 1874. Mr. 
 P. is a RepubUcan. 
 Porter, Henry G. farmer ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 ROLAND F. E. laborer; Sec. 18; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 REYNOLDS MARY A. MRS. 
 Sec. 21 ; P. O. Manchester ; born in 
 Clarion Co., Penn., April, 1835 ; moved 
 to Ogle Co., 111., with her parents in 
 1840 ; married J. P. Newell, Dec. 25, 
 1855, and moved to this county in the 
 Spring of the following year; had by 
 this marriage three children — Robert 
 A., born Sept. 25, 1856 ; Alice A., 
 born Jan. 1, 1859, and Elmer E., born 
 March 19, 1861; married C. G. Rey- 
 nolds, May 3, 1868 ; has one child by 
 this marriage, Charles, J. E., born Feb. 
 15, 1872; owns 177> acres of land 
 valued at $25 per acre. 
 Roland Harvey, farmer ; Sec. 18; P. 0. 
 
 Manchester. 
 ROIiAND SARAH, MRS. S. 9 ; 
 
 P. 0. Manchester ; born in England, 
 Aug. 22, 1828. Came to Philadelphia 
 when 18 years of age, and to this county 
 in 1855. Married William Green. He 
 was killed, Sept. 4, 1856, by the caving 
 in of a well which he was digging. 
 Has by that marria::e two children — 
 James and Martha. Married Ira Ro- 
 land May 1, 1857, who died Feb. 1, 
 1875. Has by this marriage five chil- 
 dren — Charles, born March 7, 1858 ; 
 Ann M., Sept. 27, 1860 ; Henry, June 
 11, 1864 ; Gibson, July 20, 1^ 67 ; and 
 Lewis, Aug. 1, 1871. Owns 217 acres 
 of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
 QAUNDERS Isaac, laborer; S. 23. 
 
 SCHELLING J. LT. Farmer; 
 S. 6 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Ct. 
 Zurich, Switzerland, in 1823. Came 
 to this country in 1854, and to Man- 
 chester, Delaware Co., in 1858, where 
 he kept fur six years the Dubuque & 
 S. C. R. R. Eating Eouse. Commenced 
 i farming and grape growing in 1866 on 
 a farm of 125 acres, situated one mile 
 
MILO TOWNSHIP. 
 
 623 
 
 south of Manchester. In 1875, he 
 commenced breeding and rearinc; thor- 
 oughbred short-horn cattle, and owns 
 to-day as fine a herd of animals as can 
 be found in the State. Is, in politics, 
 a Republican ; voted for Abraham Lin- 
 coln twice ; also for U. S. Grant, but, 
 owing to dissatisfaction and misrepre- 
 sentation during the last presidential 
 campaign, he took no part whatever in 
 it, not even voting. 
 
 Seaton G., lab.; S. 22 ; P. O. Manchester. 
 
 Seaton H., lab.; S. 22; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 SKINNER ELON J. City Auc- 
 tioneer; P. O. Manchester; born in Essex 
 Co., N. Y., March 27, 1837 ; emigTated 
 to Middlebury, Elkhart Co., Ind." with 
 parents, in 1841 ; on Oct. 15, 1851, came 
 to this county, settling with parents 
 in Delaware Tp., near Manchester; en- 
 listed in the 1st Iowa C, June 6, 1861, 
 and honorably discharged on July 15, 
 1862, on account of being disabled while 
 acting as courier for Gen. Pope ; married 
 Amanda J. Murphy, who was born in San- 
 gamon Co., 111., on Mayl, 1844; she had 
 the following children by first marrage 
 — Lula A. Murphy, born in Clayton 
 Co., Iowa, Jan. 18"; 1867; Frank M., 
 born in Hamilton Co., Iowa, Jan. 6, 
 1869 ; Milo T. Skinner, Jan. 31, 1873 ; 
 Dell J., June 22, 1876 ; Eva May, Oct. 
 15, 1877 ; the last three are children by 
 last marriage, and all born in tliis county. 
 
 SMITH JOHN N. Farmer, Sec. 16; 
 P. 0. Mancliester ; owns 40 acres of 
 land, valued at ^25 per acre ; born in 
 Bremen, Germany, March 6, 1818; 
 came to New Orleans in 1847 ; married 
 Miss Mary Tmmpler, June 6, 1 848 ; 
 she was born in Prussia, May I 9, 1824 ; 
 the to this county in 1869 ; have 
 
 thi-ee children — Lena L., born April 28, 
 1549; Emily, Feb. 12, 1852; Richard 
 W., April 22, 1854, and one deceased — 
 Herman, born April 11. 1861, died Oct. 
 11, 1861. 
 
 Smith Richard, farmer; Sec. 16; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 STANBERRY MARY, MRS. 
 
 Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Delhi. Born in Alle- 
 gany Co., N Y.. April 14, 18.^6, owns 
 40 acres of land, valued at $25 per 
 acre. Married Wm. Stanberry, at Hart- 
 wick, Nov. 14, 1858; he was born in 
 Ohio, Sept. 22, 1837, and enlisted Oct., 
 
 1861, in Co. B, 15th I. V. L, partici- 
 pated in the battle of Pittsburg Land- 
 ing, and died at Corinth, July 5, 1862. 
 Has two sons — William T., born March 
 1, 1860, and Elmer K., born Jan. 2. 
 1862. 
 
 Starkey Hamilton, renter; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Starkey Joshua, far.; S. 26 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Starkey Richard, far.; S. 26 ; P. 0. Man- 
 CD tstcr 
 
 Stowe P. L. farmer; S. 15 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Sutton John, farmer ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 TANQITARY A. F. former. Sec. 35; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 TIERNEY CATHARINE 
 MRS. Sec. 7; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Owns 160 acres of land, valued at $25 
 per acre. Born in Pa., in 1830. Mar- 
 ried John Tierney in Jan., 1851 ; he 
 was born in Ireland, in 1823, and came 
 to New York State about 1839. They 
 moved to this county in 1857; have 
 six children — Joanna M., born Nov. 5, 
 1852 ; Thomas E., April 2, 1854 ; Mar- 
 garet, Jan. 9, 1856; John, June 2, 
 1859; Francis G.; April 9, 1861 ; and 
 Wm. L., Feb. 9, 1863. Mr. T. was 
 one of the early settlers of Manchester, 
 and did much to aid in the growth and 
 development of that city ; was engaged 
 in the mercantile business, and died 
 April 14, 1864, beloved and respected 
 by all who knew him. 
 
 TAYI.OR ORMAN E. Farmer, 
 Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie ; was 
 born in Windsor Co., Vt., Jan. 14, 1836; ' 
 came to Hopkinton at the opening of 
 Bowen Collegiate Institute, 1859, where 
 he was Professor of Mathematics and 
 Teacher of Vocal Music four years. 
 Was married to Miss Martha P. Brown 
 April 15, 1863 ; during the ensuing 
 season began the first improvements on 
 his farm. In the Fall of 1864, was' 
 elected County Recorder ; returned to 
 his farm in 1868, where he has since 
 remained. Five years previous to his 
 coming to this county, there was a large 
 amount of Government land here, 
 and when he began living on his farm, 
 the prairie whs mostly unimproved. He 
 was first Postmaster at Golden Prairie, 
 and has taken an important part in many 
 
624 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 public enterprises. He and his brother 
 built the first cheese factory in the 
 western halt' of the county. His wife 
 was born in Kane Co., 111., Jan. 8, 1841. 
 They have three children — Martha 
 Bertha, Mary Ethel and Orman Ernest. 
 
 TODD JAMES T. Farmer, Sec. 
 18 ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 320 acres 
 of land, valued at $25 per acre ; was 
 born in Rockingham Co., N. H., Jan. 
 1822 ; moved to Winnebago County, 
 111. Married Miss Caroline Proctor 
 Feb. 7, 1855, and moved to this county 
 immediately after their marriage, where 
 they have since resided. Mrs. T. was 
 born in Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, July 17, 
 1834. 
 
 Trumbull Chas. laborer, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Trumbull D. farmer and M. D. ; Sec. 15 ; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Tunis Frank, laborer ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 TURNER SAIiElI, Farmer; Sec. 
 17 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Che- 
 shire Co., N. H., Nov. 16, 1834 ; came to 
 Lee Co., 111., in 1857, and to this 
 county in 1860 ; enlisted in 6th Iowa 
 Cavalry Sept. 10, 1864; was honorably 
 discharged Oct, 20, 1865. Married 
 Miss Julia Raymond, Aug. 16, 1856 ; 
 she was born Aug. 27, 1836 ; has eight 
 children — Annie, Minnie, Charles, Grso., 
 Ellen, Cora, Lewis and Lucy. 
 
 UTL.EY C.L.. Farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P. 
 0. Manchester; born in Erie Co., 
 Ohio, March 1 1 , 1 84 1 ; came to this county 
 in 1861 ; enlisted Aug. 11, 1862, in 
 Company F, 27th I. V. I. ; participated 
 in the battles of Fort Derusha, Pleasant 
 Hill, Nashville, Parker's Cross Roads, 
 Tallahatchie, Old Oaks, Little Rock, 
 Blakely and Spanish Fort ; in all these 
 battles was but once slightly wounded ; 
 married Miss Margaret Scott, Nov. 12, 
 1866. She was born Dec. 6, 1850. 
 Has three children — Minnie, born Dec. 
 1, 1867; Mina, born March 6, 1873, 
 and Cora, born Aug. 7, 1875. 
 
 VAN FLEET H. J. laborer ; Sec. 31 ; 
 P. 0. Grolden Prairie. 
 Van Fleet J. S. laborer; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
 Grolden Prairie. 
 
 WARD M. R. far. ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 WARD HARRY G. Farmer ; Sec. 
 32 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Fulton 
 
 Co., N. Y., Jan. 23, 1856; came to 
 this county Jan. 23, 1871. where he has 
 resided. 
 
 WHE ATL.EY WM. Farmer ; Sec. 
 16 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in England 
 Aug. 12, 1834; came to Illinois in 
 1854; enlisted Aug., 1861. in Co. B, 
 33d 111. Inf ; was honorably discharged 
 at Springfield, III., in Oct., 1864; mar- 
 ried Miss Jane HoUis Nov. 18, 1866 ; 
 they have one daughter, Melinda E., 
 born Sept. 12, 1868. Mr. W. came to 
 this county in 1875. 
 
 Wilson Alex., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 WILSOBf E. €. Farmer; Sec. 22 ; P. 
 0. Manchester ; born in England Sept. 
 13, 1841 ; moved to Iowa Co., Wis., in 
 1848, and to Mower Co., Minn., in 
 1857, and to this county in 1861 ; en- 
 listed in the 6th Iowa Cav. in 1862, and 
 participated in the battles of Whitestone 
 Hill, Fair Oak Mountain, and many other 
 desperate encounters ; was honorably 
 discharged in Nov., 1865 ; married Miss 
 Tirzeh M. Seaton April 6, 1867; has 
 two children — Frank, aged 9, and Ber- 
 tie, aged 6. 
 
 Wilson John A. renter. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 WII.SOX THOS. T. Farmer, Sec. 
 31; P. O. Manchester; born in En- 
 gland, March 17, 1839; came to Chi- 
 cago, 111., in 1848, and to this county in 
 1854; enlisted Jan 6, 1861, in Co. H, 
 
 « 16th I. V. I.; participated in the battles 
 of Pittsburg Landing, Raymond, luka, 
 Guntown, siege of Vicksburg, Corinth, 
 Grand Gulf, Fort Gibson, Champion 
 Hill, Black River Bridge, Chattanooga, 
 Altoona Pass, Peach Tree Creek and 
 Atlanta ; was honorably discharged, 
 March 27, 1865, at Goldsboro, N. C; 
 married Miss Bridget Haley, in July, 
 1865 ; she was born in Thomsonville, 
 Conn., Aug. 1850; they have four chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Wiser John, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 WOOD JOHN, Farmer, Sec. 26; 
 P. 0. Delhi; owns 130 acres of land, 
 valued at $20 per acre; born in Ohio, 
 June 10, 1840 ; moved to Illinois when 
 about two years old ; came to this 
 county in 1845 ; enlisted Aug., 1861, in 
 2d Iowa Cavalry ; participated in over 
 forty battles, and was but once wounded, 
 in the hip, at the battle of Prairie Sta- 
 
ELK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 625 
 
 tion; was honorably discharged, Oct., 
 1864; married Miss Almeda Hastings, 
 Jan. 25, 18()G; she was born in Geauga 
 Co., Ohio, Oct. 13, 1847; they have 
 one daughter, born Jan. 25, 1870. 
 
 WOODARD BE:^J. Farmer; Sec. 
 36; P. 0. Delhi; born in Vt., Aug. 
 17, 1822; came to Kankakee Co., 111., 
 in 1838, and went to California, in 
 1852, remaining there nine years, and 
 returning, settled in Fillmore Co., Minn., 
 and came from there to this Co. in April, 
 1868 ; has 210 acres of land ; married 
 Mrs. Harriet A. Reed, in Minn., March 
 15, 1864; they have two children — 
 Willard, aged twelve, and Ida C, aged 
 seven ; Mrs. Woodard was born in St. 
 Lawrence Co., N. Y.; her children, by 
 her former marriage, are — Clara, aged 
 eighteen, and Luke, aged sixteen. 
 
 Wright Oliver, renter; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 YOUNG FRED, farmer; Sec. 20; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 YOUNG D. R. Farmer; Sec. 20; 
 P. 0. Manchester; son of Daniel and 
 Catharine Young ; owns 188 acres of 
 land, valued at $50 per acre ; born in 
 Washington Co., Md., Oct. 8, 1828; 
 married Miss Ann M. Beck, Nov. 25, 
 1855, by the Rev. John Zeibers, at 
 Tiffin, Seneca Co., Ohio ; she was the 
 daughter of Felix and Martha Beck, 
 and was born in Franklin Co., Pa., Dec. 
 31, 1833; they have three children 
 living— Daniel T., born Nov. 24, 1857; 
 Susie R., born April 15, 1860, and 
 Catherine E., born Aug. 29, 1864; is a 
 Republican and member of the United 
 
 Brethren Church. Mr. Y. was one of 
 the early settlers of this part of the Co.; 
 came here with limited means, and now 
 owns one of the finest farms in the Co.; 
 he has recently made some valuable im- 
 provements in the way of barn and out- 
 buildings, the barn alone costing up- 
 ward of $3,000, and is one of the finest 
 in the Co. Felix Beck, Mrs. Young's 
 grandfather, was born in Lancaster Co., 
 Pa., Feb. 22, 1766 ; he married Maria 
 Brenner, Nov. 20, 1785 ; she was born 
 in Lancaster Co., Pa., March 12, 1770 ; 
 he was Colonel in the war of 1812. 
 Felix Beck, Jr., their son, Mrs. Young's 
 father, was born in the above named 
 place, Dec. 3, 1805, and married Martha 
 Berkholder, ]\iarch 12, 1833; she was 
 born in Franklin Co., Pa., April 30, 
 1813; they were married by Rev. John 
 Ruthruff. Mr. Young's great-grand- 
 father, Geo. Young, was born July 28, 
 1727, Md.; he married a Rebecca 
 Snyder, Oct. 9, 1753; she was born 
 Jan. 10, 1730, in Md.,and are descend- 
 ants from Germany; Daniel Young, their 
 son, was born in Frederick Co., Md., 
 Feb. 18, 1755 ; was married to Marga- 
 ret Shuck, March 16, 1785; she was 
 born in Germany, Oct. 4, 1747; he was 
 Captain in the war of 1777 ; their son, 
 Daniel, Jr., the father of the subject of 
 this sketch, was born in the same place, 
 Sept. 12, 1788; he married Catherine 
 Stech, Nov. 23, 1823; married by Rev. 
 John RuthruflF; she was born in Lan- 
 caster Co., Pa., Oct. 8, 1790. 
 Young S. R. far.; S. 17 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 ELK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ALLEN JOS. farmer ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 Allenstien Chris, laborer ; S. 28 ; Greeley. 
 
 ARBUCKLE JAMES M. Farm- 
 er ; Sec. 27 ; P. O. Greeley ; born in 
 Mercer Co., Pa., Sept. 6, 1832; mar- 
 ried Martha Montgomery, Sept. 30, 1861; 
 she was born in Mercer Co., Pa., April 
 10, 1839 ; they came to this county in 
 1866 ; owns 535 acres of land ; have 
 eight children — Sarah E„ John W., 
 Archie, Rachel, Mary E., Eliza A., 
 
 Charles J. and Bell V. ; Mr. A. has 
 been School Director four and Road 
 Supervisor one year ; family attend the 
 Christian Church ; Mrs. A. is a member 
 of the same. 
 
 ARMSTRONG THOMAS J. 
 
 Farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in 
 Butler Co., Ohio, Dec. 16, 1835 ; came 
 to this county in 1852 ; owns 205 acres 
 of land ; was married April 15, 1860, to 
 Lucy M. Bellows ; she was born in Ohio ; 
 have two children livins — Tommie B. 
 
626 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 John H. ; lost three — EUza, Joy B. and 
 Janie ; Mr. A. is a member of Tadmore 
 Lodge, No. 2Z5, A., F. & A. M. ; Ira 
 Bellows, Esq., fiither of Mrs. A., was 
 one of the first settlers of this township ; 
 now resides in Washington County, aged 
 69 years. 
 nP-^KER J. wagim maker; Greeley. 
 
 Baldwin A. L. tinsmith; S. 9; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Ballweber Martin, laborer ; Greeley. 
 
 Baynes Christopher; fir; S. 1 6; P.O. Greeley. 
 
 Barircr Elias. renter; S. 1 ;P.O. Colesburg. 
 
 BARR HEXRY, Farmer; Sec. 7 ; 
 P. O. Edgewood; born in Ireland, June 
 27, 1817 ; came to Canada in 18-12, and 
 to this county in 1867; owns 24U acres 
 of land; was married in Canada in 1853, 
 to Eliza J. Morgan ; she was born in 
 Ireland, Nov. 17, 1834; her parents 
 emigrated to Canada when she was an 
 infant ; have ten children living — Henry, 
 Kate, Mary, Matilda, Amelia, Ann J., 
 Richard M., John A., George W. and 
 Bertha D. ; lost one — Lizzie E., died 
 Sept. 13, 1874; the two elder daugh- 
 ters are teaching in this county; Mr. B. 
 has been School Director two years and 
 Road Supervisor several yeai's ; all are 
 members of the M. E. Church. 
 
 Barr Hinry Jr. ; Eduewood. 
 
 BECKIVER JOHN, Farmer : Sec. 
 24 ; P. 0. Eailville ; born in Botetourt 
 Co., Va., June 19, 1808; moved with 
 his parents to Moni-oe Co., Va., when 
 youug. Remained there until 1836, 
 when he removed to La Porte Co., lud. ; 
 was married there July 2, 1840, to Su- 
 sanna Beckner. She was born in same 
 county, Va., Aug. 31, 1818. Have ten 
 children — Jonathan M., Francis M.. 
 Joseph E., Rufus M., Sarah V., John 
 A.. Lydia A., Thomas E.. Ella J. and 
 Charles H. Lost two — Mary E., died 
 April 23, 1849, and Albert, Aug. 30, 
 1860. Mr. B. was School Director, 
 Township Trustee and Road Supervisor 
 several years. For a number of years 
 previous to leaving Virginia, he was en- 
 gaged in teaming and hauling salt and 
 other freight from the Kanawha Valley, 
 over the mountains, Avhen railroads were 
 unknown there ; are members of the 
 Christian Church. 
 
 BECKWER RUFrS M. Farmer; 
 Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in La 
 
 Porte Co., Ind., Jan. 31, 1848; accom- 
 panied his parents to this county in 
 1854 ; was married Dec. 22, 1877, to 
 Dora F. Winchell. She was born near 
 Dubuque, in 1857. Mr. B. owns 160 
 acres of land in Fayette Co. Was Sec- 
 retary of the School Board two years ; 
 are members of the Christian Church. 
 
 Blackburn T. C. laborer ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 BEODGETT MIEO M. D., 
 
 Postmaster and Justice of the Peace, 
 Greeley ; born in Caledonia Co., Vt., 
 Feb. 20, 183,7 ; came to this county 
 and settled at Earlville, in 1868. Kept 
 a drug store there until 1872 ; then 
 came to this place, and in 1874 built 
 the first hotel erected in this place ; kept 
 hotel one year, then rented it to other 
 parties; has been Postmaster since Aug., 
 1876; was married May 29, 1872, to 
 Mrs. Catherine Drybi-ead, daughter of 
 the Rev. John 31artindale, She was 
 born May 6, 1835, in Michigan. She 
 has two children by first marriage — 
 Addie E. and Annie. Dr. B. is Vice 
 President of the Delaware County Medi- 
 cal Society ; is a member of the A. 0. 
 U. W. Family attend ihe Christian 
 Church, of which Mrs. B. and eldest 
 daughter are members. 
 
 Brady J. M. far. ; See. 10; P. 0- Greeley. 
 
 Brady Wm. far. ; Sec. 10; P. O. Greeley. 
 
 Brandt S. A. far. ; Sec. 27 ; P. O. Greeley. 
 
 Brazeltoii S. Notary Public; P. O. Greeley. 
 
 Brown John W. farmer. Sec. 27; P. 0. 
 Greeley. . 
 
 Brownw il P. F. farmer, Sec. 30; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 Burbridge W. H. farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 /^""^AMP JAMES, fanner, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
 
 V_y Greeley. 
 
 Campbell T. B. station agt. ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Canine R. W. far., S. 32; P.O.Greeley. 
 
 Carrgan M. far. S. 28 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Carter J. W. far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Chase D. F. far., S. 18; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 CHASE EZRA F. Farmer, Sec. 7 ; 
 P. O. Greely. Born in Tompkins Co., 
 N. Y., March 21, 1830; came to this 
 county in 1853 ; owns 145 acres of 
 land ; was married, in 1842, to Naomi 
 McCall ; she was born in Allegany Co., 
 N. Y., Oct. 15, 1815. They have three 
 children living — James D., Naomi M. 
 
ELK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 62T 
 
 (Mrs. Tuttle), and Flora H. (Mrs. 
 McKray). Frank, the oldest son, en- 
 listed in the 27th I. V. I., was with the 
 regiment in its campaigns until the 
 Winter of 1864:; his health failed, he 
 was taken to the hospital, and died at 
 Baton Rouge, La., April U, 1805. Mr. C. 
 was County Superintendent of Schools 
 one term, Justice of the Peace one 
 term. Township Trustee one term, and 
 School Director 20 years. 
 
 Chase James, far.. See. 17 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 CHASE JAMES D._ Farmer, Sec. 
 17; P. 0. Greuley; born in Cataraugus 
 Co., N. Y., July 19, 1846 ; accompanied 
 his father to this county in 1853 ; was 
 married Feb. 1, 1877, to Sarah J. Hin- 
 dal ; she was born in Green Co., Wis., 
 Feb. 2, 1858 ; came to this county in 
 1865 ; have one child — Frank, born 
 Jan. 24, 1878 ; owns 1H4 acri's of land. 
 Mr. C. enlisted, Sept. 24, 1864, in the 
 27th I. V. I.; regiment mustered out at 
 the close of the war. Is a member of 
 Tadmore Lodge, No. 1^25, A.. F. & A. M. 
 
 Collins M. far.; S. 17 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 COHBS JAMES W. Miller and 
 Bookkeeper, Greeley: born in Clay Co., 
 Ind., Jan. 14, 1848 ; accompanied his 
 parents to this county in 186U ; settled 
 in this town ; worked about six years at 
 Reddens' mills ; was bookkeeper and 
 salesman in their store nearly three 
 years, and has just been appointed As- 
 sessor for this township. Mr. C. is a 
 member of Tadmore Ledge, No. 225, A., 
 F. and A. M., also of the Universalist 
 Church of this place. 
 
 eOlfXER THOMAS J. Proprie- 
 tor Greeley House ; born in Fayette Co., 
 Pa., Oct. 29, 1831 ; came to this county 
 anl settled near Colesburg in 1852 ; was 
 married Dec. 1, 1860, to Dovie Young; 
 she was born in Park Co., Ind., July 1, 
 1837 ; came here in 1849 with his par- 
 ents, who were among the first settlers 
 in Colony Township ; in 1865, Mr. C. 
 moved to Kansas; returned in 1868; 
 has worked at the carpenter trade four- 
 teen years ; engaged in hotel keeping last 
 July ; he is a member of Tadmore 
 Lodge, No. 225, A., F. and A. M; fami- 
 Iv belongs to the Universalist Church. 
 
 Cook J. T. former ; Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 COREI.L ED WIX, Farmer; Sec. 
 33 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in Allegany 
 
 Co., N. Y., Jan. 2, 1845 ; came to this 
 county in 1850 ; in 1856, while crossing 
 the prairies of Minnesota, he became 
 lost in a storm and was obliged to lay 
 out all night, and thereby had his feet 
 so badly frozen that it was necessary to 
 amputate them at the instep ; in 1861, 
 he enlii^ted in the 12th Iowa Infantry; 
 was in the battles of Fort Henry, Vicks- 
 burg, Corinth and several other engage- 
 ments ; was discharged in Nov. 1864; 
 was married Oct. 16, 1872, to I-ouisa 
 V. Chapman ; she was born in Medina 
 Co., Ohio, May 12, 1850; have three 
 children — Park B., Dunham S. and 
 Harvey ; owns 188 acres of land ; was 
 School Director two years and is now 
 Treasurer of the Board. 
 
 COREI.I. HORACE A. Farmer ; 
 Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in Alle- 
 gany Co., N. Y., Sept. 17, 1837 ; came 
 with his parents to this county in 1850 ; 
 enlisted Aug. 10. 1862, in the 27th 
 Regiment Iowa Infantry ; was with them 
 in all of their campaigns till the close of 
 the war ; was mustered out and reached 
 home Aug. 10, 1865, exactly three 
 years from the time he enlisted ; owns 
 195 acres of land ; Wi<s married Dec. 9, 
 •1866, to Ellen A. Tomlinsou; she was 
 born in Michigan ; died March 1, 1870 ; 
 was the mother of two children — Chas. 
 D., born April 15, 1868, and Ellen A., 
 Sept. 5, 1869 ; she died in Nov., 1875 ; 
 he was married second time to Elizabeth 
 R. Penny Nov. 21, 1876 ; she was born 
 in this township Jan. 26, 1854; have 
 one child — Lottie, born Oct. 9, 1877 ; 
 his mother, now 75 years of age, lives 
 with him and remembers when there 
 were only two houses wiihin sight of 
 where they now live, when herds of deer 
 could frequently be seen crossing the 
 fields ; he is a member of Tadmore 
 Lodge, A., F. and A. M. ; attends the 
 Universalist Church. ■ 
 
 Correll James E. speculator, Greeley. 
 
 COREL.I. JOHN, Stock and Grain 
 Dealer ; born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., 
 Aug. 29, 1830 ; came to this county in 
 1851 ; was married in his native State, 
 April 12, 1855, to Margaret Duncan; 
 she was born in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., 
 1834 ; she came to this county, where 
 she died July 16, 1856; second wife 
 was Emma Wood, married Feb. 21, 
 
628 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 1861 ; She was born in La Porte Co., 
 Ind., 18;:{5; owns 40 acres of land; 
 handles on an averasje about S60,000 
 worth of grain and over $100,000 worth 
 of stock annually, in which he has one- 
 half interest; is one of the charter 
 members of Tadmore Lodge, A., F. and 
 A. M., of which he has held office of 
 Treasurer several terms. 
 €ulbt'rson William D. miller, Redding's 
 Mill; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 AVIS A. far.; Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 D 
 
 Davis S. N. stone mason. 
 
 Davis Wni. Sec. 27 ; far. ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 DAVIS WILLIAM F. Physician 
 and Surgeon ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in 
 Lansing, Tompkins Co., N. Y., Jan. 17, 
 1846; graduated at Bellevuc Hospital, 
 N. Y. city, in 1868 ; went to Genoa, N. 
 Y., same year and commenced practice ; 
 was married Nov. 14, 1875, to Jane 
 Moe ; she was born in Cuba, 
 N. Y., Sept. 20, 1852. He continued in 
 practice there until the Spring of 1876, 
 when he siai'ted West, spent three 
 months on the prairies of Kansas, Ne- 
 braska, etc. ; located in this place Nov. 
 7, same year, where he now has an ex- 
 tensive practice, and enjoys the confi- 
 dence of both the general public and 
 the medical fraternity. They are mem- 
 bers of the Universalist Church. 
 
 Derr John, renter ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Dodds E. E. far. ; Sec. 21, P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 DODI>S NATHAN H. Farmer and 
 House Painter ; Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Greeley ; 
 born in Livingston Co., N. Y., Sept. 2, 
 1830; was married July 8, 1849, to 
 Amanda M. White ; she was born in 
 Oneida Co., N. Y., April 12, 1831 ; they 
 came to this county in 1852; owns 100 
 acres of land ; have ten children — 
 Mary J., Elizabeth A., Elbert E., 
 Eva L., Delia M., Emma W., Abbey, 
 Nannie M., William N. and Frankie C. 
 Sarah W. died March 22, 1864. Mr. 
 D. enlisted Aug. 15, 1802, in Co. F, 
 Iowa Lifantry ; served seven months, 
 was then discharged for disability ; are 
 members of the United Brethren 
 Church. 
 
 Drybread G. W. dry goods, groceries, etc., 
 P. i). Greeley. 
 
 Drybread H. dry goods, etc. ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Drybread H. C. stock dealer; P.O. Greeley. 
 
 DRYBREAD JOHRf S. Farmer; 
 Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Greeley; born in Butler 
 Co., 0., Feb. 12, 1823 ; moved to Ber- 
 rien Co., Mich., in 1837 ; was married 
 there Dec. 7, 1844, to Mary J. Wilson. 
 She was born in Preble Co., 0., May 
 
 24, 1828 ; came to this county in 1853. 
 Owns 360 acres of land ; have two chil- 
 dren living — Henry, born May 2, 1857, 
 and John, April 29, 1868. Lost four 
 — Alice, aged 6 years; Florence, 15 
 months ; George, 2 years, and Harrison, 
 4 years. Mr. D. has served six years as 
 Township Trustee, and five as School 
 Director ; is a member of Tadmore 
 Lodge, No. 225, A., F. & A. M. ; 
 belong to the Universalist Church. 
 
 Ellis Thomas, wagon mkr. ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 ELIilS WM. B. Farmer ; Sec. 30 ; 
 P. 0. Greeley ; born in New York in 
 1827 ; came with his parents to Penn- 
 sylvania in 1832, and to this county in 
 1853; entered 160 acres of land; went 
 back to York State, and, in 1856, 
 returned and took up his residence here. 
 Owns 280 acres of land. In 1857, he 
 was married to Cordelia Walton. She 
 was born in Ohio in 1839; died Aug. 
 15, 1865 ; was the mother of four chil- 
 dren — Isabel, Cora, Mary and Rosetta 
 J. He was married again to Mrs. 
 Julia Evans (maiden name (Jharles) ; 
 born in Indiana in 1840 ; had five 
 children — Miranda, Peter, Remington 
 and Emma are livins; ; Jerusha died 
 Sept. 4, 1868. Mrs. ^ Ellis died July 
 
 25, 1876. 
 
 j Engel Chris, merchant ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 I Evens T. A. harness mkr. ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 FARWELL R. E. well driller ; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 Fasselman J. Jr Assessor ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 j FITZPATRICK JAMES, 
 
 Farmer ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born 
 in Ireland, Jan. 6, 1830 ; emigrated to 
 j this country in 1848, by sail vessel to 
 New York, then by rail and stage to 
 Pittsburgh ; from there to Galena, 111., 
 via steamboat, thence to this place in 
 wagon, drawn by yoke of oxen ; com- 
 menced here in the wild prairie ; owns 
 240 acres of land ; was married in 1861 
 to Huldah Foley ; she was born in Can- 
 ada May 14, 1845. They have nine 
 children living — James. 31ichael, Julia, 
 Alice, Ellen, Thomas, Dennis, Mary, 
 
ELK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 629 
 
 and infant not named. Lost three — 
 Edward, Catherine and one infant ; be- 
 long to the Catholic Church. 
 
 Francis David, laborer, Greeley. 
 
 Freeman E. J. far. ; S. 19 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Ferguson D. blacksmith, Greeley. 
 
 Ferguson W. R. far ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Greely. 
 ILMORE A. B. merchant, Greeley. 
 
 G 
 
 CJILIIORE SILAS, Retired Mer- | 
 chant ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in Wash- 
 ington Co., N. Y., Dec. 28, 1814 ; emi- ; 
 grated to Iowa in 1838; settled in i 
 Clayton Co., within ten miles of this 1 
 place ; the country was at that time 
 overrun by Indians of different tribes ; 
 only about ten or twelve white men in 
 the county ; he was married April 4, 
 1844, to Maria Phillips ; she was born 
 in Chautauqua Co., N.Y., in 1822 ; have 
 ten children — Edwin, Esther, Simeon 
 B., Ellen, Jesse, Henry, Silas, Mary, 
 Sophia and Ernest. Mrs. G. died Feb. 
 20, 1872. Mr. G. was Supervisor two 
 years, Assessor two years, and Town 
 Clerk fourteen years ; is connected with 
 the firm of Harvey L. Hopkins & Co., 
 manufacturers of mowers, Chicago, 111. 
 Mrs. G. taught the first school ever or- 
 ganized in this county, in 1841 ; are 
 members of the M. E. Church. 
 
 Gilmore Silas A. Jr. merchant, Greeley. 
 
 Glasscock N. B. farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 Goldsworthy Wm. J. blacksmith, Greeley. 
 
 Grant John, P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Griffith Geo. far.; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Griffith J. W.far.; Sec. 29 ; P. O. Greeley. 
 
 HALL G. W. farmer; Sec. 2; P 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 Haney H. F. laborer; P.O. Greeley. 
 
 HARRIS JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 19; 
 P. 0. Greeley; born on the Island of 
 Cape Breton June 28, 1819 ; was 
 reared on Prince Edward's Island; came 
 to this county in 1854. Married Mrs. 
 Elizabeth Penny (maiden name, Le 
 Lacheur) Dec. 20, 1864 ; she was born 
 on Prince Edward's Island April 27, 
 1825 ; was married to Samuel Penny in 
 1846 ; he died Oct. 1, 1860. She had 
 seven children by first marriage — Ann 
 M., now Mrs. Delong ; Margaret E., now 
 Mrs. Canine ; Elizabeth, now Mrs.Corell ; 
 Emma and Samuel James ; by second 
 marriage, one son, William P., born Oct. 
 
 25, 1866 ; lost two sons, John died Jan. 
 
 15, 1848, on Prince Edward's Island, and 
 
 Samuel died Dec. 20, 1850, in this 
 
 county, aged respectively 2 years and 9 
 
 months, and 9 months. Mr. H. served 
 
 as School Director three years ; is now 
 
 Secretary of the Board. Attend the 
 
 Christian Church. 
 
 Hart Peter, laborer ; Sec. 8 ; P.O. Greeley. 
 
 Hatfield T. laborer ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Hennessy J. renter; Sec. 27 ; P.O. Greeley. 
 
 Henry P. laborer ; P. O. Greeley. 
 
 Hess D. farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 He.ss Isaac, far.; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Hess William M. farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. 
 
 Greeley. 
 Hill Edward, far.; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 HINDAIi GEORGE W. Farmer; 
 Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born in Rock 
 Co., Wis., Jan. 9, 1852; came to this 
 county with his parents in 1865. His 
 father emigrated to Penn,sylvania from 
 Germany in 1838, from there to Wis- 
 consin in 1 847 ; was among the early 
 settlers there ; has carted grain from 
 Janesville to Milwaukee, in wagons ; 
 sold wheat at 30c. per bushel ; now lives 
 in Wright Co., Iowa. His mother, 
 whose maiden name was Crall, was born 
 near Mansfield. Ohio, March 10, 1833. 
 The subject of this sketch is farming 
 with J. D. Chase. Is unmarried. 
 Hoag Wm. farmer ; Sec. 22 ; P.O. Greeley. 
 HoUenbeck Ashley, farmer ; Sec. 18 ; P. 
 
 0. Greeley. 
 Hunter R. farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P.O. Greeley. 
 Hyer Geo. saloon keeper ; Greeley. 
 y RMSCHER AUGUST, farmer ; Sec. 
 X 1 ; p. 0. Colesburg. 
 Irmscher David, farmer ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
 
 Colesburg. 
 Irmscher George, farmer ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
 
 Colesburg. 
 "FAMES J. P. hardware ; Greeley. 
 
 JENKINS JAIIES M. Firm of 
 
 Jenkins & Burbridge, Dealers in Hard- 
 ware, Boots and Shoes ; Greeley ; born 
 in Franklin Co., Ind., Nov. 20, 1830. 
 ! Was married Jan. 7, 1856, to Mary M. 
 Wykoff; she was born in Licking Co., 
 , Ohio, May 23, 1833. They came to 
 '; this county in 1856, followed farming 
 i the first ten years ; sold out and engaged 
 , in mercantile pursuits ; owns half in- 
 I terest in store and real estate worth 
 
mo 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 S2,(HI0 ; have one eluld living, Mabel, 
 born May 22, 1865 ; two deceased, Flora, 
 aged 2, and Nura, 3 years. Mr. J. was 
 Assessor five years ; is a member of Tad- 
 more Lodge, No. 225, A., F. \- A. M.; 
 Eepublioan : attend the Universalist 
 
 JEXKIXS WILLIAM «. Farm 
 er; Sec. 19; P. O.Greeley; born in 
 Butler Co., 0., Dec. (3, 1822; accom- 
 panied his mother to Michigan in 1837 ; 
 where he remained till 1 856, when he 
 came to this coiinty. Owns 131 acr: s 
 of land. Was married Feb. 21, 1866, 
 to Martha Freeman ; she was born in 
 Washington County, N. Y., March 22, 
 1839 ; they have three children — Ben- 
 jamin D., Jessie Maud and Ruth H. 
 Mr. J. was Township Trustee and School 
 Director two years ; is a member of 
 Tadmore Lodge, No. 225, A., F. & A. 
 M.; family belong to the Universalist 
 Church. 
 
 Jones J. L. fiu-mer ; Sec. 23 ; P.O. Grt-eley. 
 
 Jones R. J. farmer: S. 32; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 KAHLSDORF WM. laborer: P. 0. 
 Greelov. 
 
 KEXXEDY CORXELIIIS, Far 
 
 and Marble Cutter; S. 2 ; P. 0. Coles- 
 burg; born in Kings Co., Ireland, 
 -April 2, 1811. While young he went 
 to Liverpool, Eng., where he learned 
 his trade, followed it till 1851, generally 
 contraciing ; was married in 1839 to 
 Mary A. Lindsay. She was born in 
 Ireland Dec' 1, 1824; went with her 
 parents to England when an infant. 
 They emiiirated to the United States in 
 1851, and to this county in 1853, and 
 settled where he now resides. Owns 
 160 acres of land here and property in 
 Delaware Center. Have ten chiklren 
 living — James, John, Cornelius, Benja- 
 n)in, Mary J., Elizabeth, William, Anna 
 M., Sarah E. and Evulecn. Patrick, 
 the eldest son. was a member of Co. G, 
 12th III. Inf ; was wounded at the bat- 
 tle of Sliiloh ; died at Keokuk A})ril 
 26, 1862. John is principal agent of 
 the educational department of Harper 
 Bros.' publishing house, New York. 
 Cornelius and Benjamin are in the law 
 school, Iowa City. 
 Krumpd J. far. ; S. 1 ; P. O. Colesburg. 
 
 LE LACHEUR JAMES, flvrmer; S. 
 16; }'. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Le LACHEUR ELISHA, Farm- 
 er ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born on 
 Prince Edward's Island July 8, 1840; 
 came with his parents to this county in 
 1851 ; was married Nov. 14, 1863, to 
 Mary J. Bliss. She was born in Win- 
 nebago Co., 111., April 15, 1847 ; came 
 with her parents to this county in 1850 ; 
 have three children — Lizzie P., born 
 Dec. 13, 1864; Frank W., May 6, 
 1873; and John, Feb. 14, 1876. Mr. 
 L.'s father, John W. Le Lacheur, 
 served twenty-six years in the House of 
 Commons, Prince Edward's Island, and 
 was a member of the Iowa State Legis- 
 lature in 1860 and '61 ; was born on 
 the Island of Gurnsey Jan. 26, 1793 ; 
 died July 3, 1875. 
 
 LILLIBRIDUE ALA^SON, 
 
 Farmer ; S. 28 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born 
 in Chenango Co., N. Y., Feb. 2, 1822 ; 
 moved to Michigan in 1 844 ; was mar- 
 ried there April 23, 1845, to Mary 
 Nelson. She was born in Livingston 
 Co., N. Y. They came to this county 
 in 1852; own 220 acres of land ; have 
 sis children living — Lorette, John M., 
 Frank M., Henry W., Robert and Mary 
 K. Lost three — William, Byron and 
 Abram. Mr. L was School Director 
 one and Road Supervisor five years. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Nelson, parents of Mr. 
 L., reside with them, aged, respectively, 
 82 and 74. Mrs. L. belongs to the Chris- 
 tian Church. Family attend the same. 
 
 Lillibridge Frank M. farmer; S. 28; P. 
 0. Greeley. 
 
 Lillibridge Hosea, carpenter, Greeley. 
 
 LILLIBRIDGE JOHN M. Far.; 
 
 Sec. 33 ; P. ( ). Greeley ; born in Branch 
 Co., Mich., April 11, 1849 ; came to this 
 county in 1852 with his parents, who 
 settled in Coffin's Grove ; was married 
 Sept. 1, 1875, to Mary C. Ross ; she was 
 born in York State Dec. 28, 1854 ; have 
 one child — Oren S-, born Nov. 1, 1876. 
 Mr. L. was this Spring elected School 
 Director ; owns 9 acres of land. 
 
 Lindsay Benj. farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Lindsay Thos. farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Longford Thomas, Sec. boss, Greeley. 
 
 Luenze August, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. O. 
 Colesburg. 
 
 Lull A. retired farmer, Greeley. 
 
ELK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 <>31 
 
 M 
 
 'CANNON W. C. phys., Greeley. 
 
 McKenny P. D. laborer, Sec. 18; P. 0. 
 
 Greeley. 
 McKray W. H. far., Sec. 18 ; P.O. Greeley. 
 MAIiVEM CHARLES, Farmer, 
 Sec. 'Zd ; P. 0. Greeley ; born near 
 Edinburgh, Scotland, Feb. 28, 1818; 
 came to the United States with his 
 pai'ents in 1828 ; settled in Sussex Co., 
 N. J., where he was married Jan. 23, 
 1834, to Ann Michael, born in Monroe 
 Co., Pa., Dec. 2, 1816; they came to 
 this county in 1 850 ; settled in Colony 
 Tp. when all was wild prairie and timber 
 lands, except in the immediate vicinity 
 of Colesburg ; came here in 1865 ; owns 
 120 acres of land ; have nine children — 
 John, Nicholas, Daniel S., Mary F., 
 Wm. B., Frank H., Emma E., Alice J. 
 and James R. L. Mr. M. was Town- 
 ship Trustee four and Supervisor two 
 years. 
 
 Malven F. H. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Malven John, laborer, Greeley. 
 
 Marchum A. laborer, Greeley. 
 
 Marchum Harry, laborer, Greeley. 
 
 Marchum T. lab.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Marchum Wm. laborer, Greeley. 
 
 Martindale Elijah, music teacher, Greeley. 
 
 MARTINI>AIiE DAVID, Far , 
 
 Sec. 20 ; P. O. Greeley ; born in Wayne 
 Co., Ind., June 1, 1830 ; came to this 
 county in 1851 ; anions the first settlers 
 of this township ; owns 275 acres here 
 and 30 in Clayton Co. ; was married 
 March 10, 1853, to Elizabeth C. Jones ; 
 she was born in Butler Co., 0., Feb. 5, 
 1830 ; have two children living — -Joseph 
 P., born Feb. 26, 1854, and Charles W., 
 Nov. 15, 1869 ; lost one — John J., born 
 Feb. 18, 1856, died Sept. 4, 1868, aged 
 12 years and 6 months ; family are mem- 
 bers of the Christian Church. 
 MARTINDALE JOHN, Pastor 
 of Christian Church, Greeley ; born in 
 Warren Co., 0., April 10, 1805; ac- 
 companied his father to Wayne Co., 
 Ind., in 1812 ; was married to Mary 
 Watson Nov. 30, 1826 ; she was born in 
 Kentucky ; was the mother of twelve 
 children, seven of whom are living ; she 
 died xMarch 14, 1851 ; is buried in Ber- 
 rien Co., Mich. The family moved to 
 this county in May of the same year ; 
 Mr. M. bought 320 acres of land, which 
 
 he has since divided among his children ; 
 was married again in January, 1852, to 
 Mrs. Eliza A. Strong, of Berrien Co., 
 Mich. ; she was the mother of five chil- 
 dren by former marriage. Mr. M. has 
 been preaching the Gospel for about 50 
 years ; oraanized the church, and was 
 mainly instrumental in erecting the 
 building here; family are all members. 
 
 Mason R. H. far. ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Mason T. R. paintcir; Greeley. 
 
 MATTHEWS LAFAYETTE, 
 
 Farmer ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Greeley ; born 
 in Boone Co., 111., Jan. 13, 1851 ; came 
 to this county with his parents in 1664; 
 was married Dec. 1, 1874, to Orsavella 
 Holbert ; she was born in this county 
 Sept.. 25, 1855 ; have three children — 
 Frank, born Sept. 12. 1875 ; Wm. W., 
 Jan. 4, 1877, and infant, born Feb. 2, 
 1878 ; owns 120 acres of land ; is Secre- 
 tary of School Board. 
 
 Millard A. farmer; S. 18 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 MILLER ELISHA, Farmer; Sec. 
 30 ; P. O. Greeley ; born in Albany 
 Co., N. Y., April 12, 1834; came to 
 this county in 1855 ; ©wns 174 acres of 
 land; was married April 12, 1857, to 
 Jane H. Clugston ; she was born in 
 Berrien Co., Mich., June 1, 1838 ; they 
 have five children living — Martha J., 
 Harriet I.. Charlie H, Willis G. and 
 Eddie M.; lost one — William, died June 
 9, 1859.. Mr. M. is a member of Tad- 
 more Lodge, No. -25, A., F. and A. M.; 
 Republican ; belongs to the Christian 
 Church. 
 
 Miller Geo. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Ear)ville. 
 
 Miller H. farmer; S. 29; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Miller H. G. teacher; Greeley. 
 
 MILLER WILLIAM, Farmer ; S. 
 25 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born in Hanover, 
 Germany, June 21, 1829 ; emigrated to 
 the United States in 1844 ; came in a 
 sail vessel to New Orleans, La., being 
 ten weeks on the voyage ; spent three 
 years in Cincinnati, Ohio ; moved to 
 Clayton Co., Iowa, in 1848, where he 
 was in 1851, married to Mary Samp- 
 son ; she was born in Germany, in 1834, 
 and came to this county in 1865 ; owns 
 250 acres of land ; have five children — 
 William II., Anna M., George, Matilda 
 and an infant. When Mr. M. came to 
 Clayton County, it was mostly unim- 
 proved land, abounding with all kinds 
 
632 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY : 
 
 of game ; there were only three houses 
 on the road from Millville to Garna 
 Vilh.. 
 
 Millis W. J. carpenter: Greeley. 
 
 Minich Adam, far.; S. 17 ; P. O. Greeley. 
 
 Mimch J. farmer ; S. 17 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Mortraii Ira, iarmer; S. 2 J ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 "S.TELSON E. N.; Sec. 28; P. 0. 
 
 J^ Greeley. 
 
 Newton Frederic E. farmer; S. 16; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 Niederfninke C. H. farmer: S. 3G ; P. 0. 
 Earlvillc. 
 
 KIEMAK HENRY, Farmer; Sec. 
 24 ; P. (). Earlville : born in Germany, 
 March 18, 1833; emigrated to the 
 United States in 1845, and to Clayton 
 County, this State, in 1846 ; was mar- 
 ried there, in 1862, to Louisa Nieder- 
 franke ; she was born in Germany, in 
 1842 ; they came to this county in 
 1867 ; owns 220 acres of land ; have six 
 children living — Amanda, Mary, Will- 
 iam, Lydia, Charles and Caroline ; lost 
 one — John H., died in 1874. Mr. 
 N. was School Director two years, and 
 Road Supervisor three years ; they are 
 members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 NIEMAX WILLIAM C. Farmer; 
 Sec. 24; P. O. Earlville; born in Ger- 
 many, June 27, 1837 ; emigrated to the 
 United States in 1845, and to Clayton 
 Co., Iowa, in 1847 ; was married Nov. 
 19, 1863, to Mary A. Brandhorst; she 
 was born in Germany, March 14, 1846, 
 and came to this county in 1874; owns 
 250 acres of land ; have six children — 
 Amelia L. L., Joseph {). H., George 
 F. W., August C. G., Ida L. W. and 
 John B. Has been School Director onj 
 year, and Road Supervisor four years ; 
 they are members of the Lutheran 
 Church. 
 
 Noble E. farmer ; S. 18; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 ODKLL C. M. farmer ; Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 Odell Isaac C. far. ; S. 16; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 01>ELL. JOB, Farmer; Sec. 16; P. 
 0. Greeley : born in Tennessee Dec. 
 16, 1811; his parents moved to Ran- 
 dolph Co., Ind., in 1816, and remained 
 there until 1830, then moved to Elk- 
 hart County ; here he was married to 
 Mary Jones, March 31, 1831 ; she was 
 born in Canada; moved same jear to 
 Cass Co.. Mich. Mrs. 0. died Jan. 
 
 29, 1841 ; was the mother of six chil- 
 dren — Benj. F. and Cyrus M. are liv- 
 ing, three died in infancy, and John S. 
 died D c. 24, 1845. Mr. 0. was again 
 married Aug. 13, 1846, to Mary Nicol ; 
 she was born in Butler Co., Ohio, Oct. 
 22, 1819 ; has seven children — Gabriel 
 H., Abbie, William N., Nannie E., 
 Corbley M., Isaac C. and John B. Mr. 
 0. was Assessor and School Director 
 five years each, and Township Trustee 
 one year ; came to this county in 1851 : 
 early settler ; was only one house be- 
 tween here and Delhi, on the main road; 
 plenty of game, and Indians occasion- 
 ally. 
 
 ODELL WM. Farmer; S. 15; P. 0. 
 Greeley; born in Buchanan, Mich., 
 Sept. '^4, 1851. His parents moved to 
 this county in the same year. He was 
 married Feb. 22, 1874, to Sarah J. 
 Webster. She was born in Ashland 
 Co., 0., Feb. 22, 1854. Owns 80 acres 
 of land. Mrs. Odell came to this 
 county with her parents in 1867. They 
 attend the United Brethren Church. 
 
 Ordwary C. F. agent ; residence Greeley. 
 
 PIERCE IRA M. farmer; S. 8 ; P. 
 0. Greeley. 
 
 PARLIMAIV ABRA9I, Farmer; 
 S. 29; P. 0. Greeley; born in Ulster 
 Co., N. Y., Dec. 26, 1824. While he 
 was quite young the family moved to 
 Cortland Co. ; from there to Ohio ; 
 thence to Jackson Co., Mich., where 
 they remained until 1851, when they 
 came to this county, being among the 
 first settlers ; bought a farm in Coffin's 
 Grove. Mr. P. was married Oct. 1, 
 1854, to Nancy Nelson. She was born 
 in New lork Oct. 27, 1825. They 
 came to this town in 1865 ; own 140 
 acres of land ; have two children living 
 — Charles Homer and Emma Florence. 
 Lost one — Arthur 0., died in 1868, 
 aged 13. Mr. P. was clerk of Coffin's 
 Grove five years, and Supervisor four 
 years. Attend the Christian Church, of 
 which Mrs. P. and the children are 
 members. 
 
 PILIiRIlI HEXRY, Farmer; S. 
 16; P. 0. Greeley; born in England 
 Sept. 21, 1831 ; was married there in 
 1852 to Elizabeth Clifton. She was 
 born in England May 4, 1826. They 
 emigrated to the United States in 1853 ^ 
 
ELK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 633 
 
 stopped in Cleveland, 0.. until 1856, 
 when he moved to this county ; owns 
 144 acres of land. Mrs. P. died March i 
 19, 1860; was the mother of four 
 children — AdaL., Alma A., and Emily 
 J. are living. Perdita died in 1862. 
 Mr. P. was married again Sept. 25, 
 1860, to Mrs. Sarah Pierce (maiden 
 name Gibbs). She was born in England 
 in 1841; had seven children— Dora C. 
 by first marriage, and Edward H., John 
 M., George G., Sarah E., Albert W., and 
 Roseatta by second marriage. Mr. 
 and Mrs. P. are members of the United 
 Brethren Church. 
 
 Pinkiey B, carpenter ; Greeley. 
 
 Potts J. M. traveling agent; Greeley. 
 
 RIDDEN W. miller; S. 16; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 Ridenour A. farmer ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Ridenour M. far. ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Robison J. B. druii<j.ist ; Greeley. 
 
 ROBI^ON JIJLIA, Widow (mai- 
 den name Wood) ; Greeley ; born in 
 Erie Co., N. Y., July 17, 1827; ac 
 companied her father, Amos Wood, to 
 this county in 1845; among the first 
 settlers in this county. She was mar- 
 ried Dec. 16, 1847, to James H. Robi- 
 son. He was born in Preble Co., 0., 
 July 9, 1820 ; came to this county in 
 1845, where he resided till July 4, 
 1874, when he was gored to death by 
 an infuriated bull. Mrs. R. is the 
 mother of six children — Joseph Burt, 
 Emma (Mrs. Millenj, and Nettie are 
 living ; Frank died Jan. 3, 1849 ; 
 Emor, Feb. 6, 1854; and Alice, Feb. 
 8, 1867. Burt has been in the drug 
 business here since 1875. 
 
 Rulen J. flirmer; S. 22; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Rulen K. laborer ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Rulen Perry, farmer; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 SARGENT N. R. farmer ; S. 29 ; P. 
 0. Greeley. 
 SARGEXT JO^IAH B. Farmer; 
 S. 29 ; P. 0. Greeley ; bc.rn in Meigs 
 Co., 0., Aug. 31, 1817 ; followed fiirm- 
 ing in that State twenty-five years ; was 
 married March 8, 1842, to Mary Ann 
 Smith. She was born in Fayette Co., 
 Pa., May 27, 1821 , have five children 
 — Lucretia, born Jan. 25, 1843; Mar- 
 cellus, Jan. 20, 1846 ; John E. and 
 Serene E. (Mrs. Vaugh — twins), Sept. 
 19, 1849, and Newton R. Feb. 17, 
 
 1853 ; settled in this county in 1854 on 
 the farm now occupied by George Grif- 
 fith, Esij. Owns 53 acres here, 160 in 
 Humboldt, and 160 in Fayette Co. ; 
 served several years as School Director, 
 and twu terms as Township Trustee. 
 Are all members of the Christian 
 Church. 
 
 Sawyer W. M.far.; S. 25; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Schuldt John, far. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 
 Schneider Geo. far. ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Schneider J. farmer ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Schneider John, far. ; S. 30 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Schneider L. A. farmer ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Gree- 
 ley. 
 
 Seeley J. L. carpenter ; Greeley. 
 
 Seeley S. H. shoemaker ; Greeley. 
 
 Seeley S. L. farmer ; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Shade Wm. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 SHERMAX BENJAMIN A. 
 
 Livery, Feed and Sale Stable ; P. 0. 
 Greeley; born in York State, Oct. 12, 
 1849; accompanied his father to Win- 
 nebago Co., 111., in 1853 ; moved to 
 Volga City in 1855 ; came to this place 
 in 1875, where he has followed same 
 business ever since ; was married Dec. 
 6, 1877 to Sadie Cooper. She was 
 born near Volga City, Dec. 14, 1805 ; 
 went to Calhoun Co., when 10 years 
 old ; came to this town in October, 1877. 
 
 Sloan S. B. renter ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Gree- 
 ley. 
 
 SNOW ZEBINA, Farmer ; Sec. 21 ; 
 P. 0. Greeley ; born in Windham Co., 
 Vt., Nov. 14, 1811 ; accompanied his 
 father to Massachusetts in 1827 ; was 
 married there Nov. 28, 1838, to Louisa 
 M. White. She was born in Manlius, 
 N. Y., Aug. 3, 1819 ; they emigrated 
 to this county in 1853, settled here in 
 the brush where he has since opened 
 his farm, consisting of 164 acres ; they 
 have one daughter, Mrs. Mary L. 
 Coolidge, born in Dedham, Mass , Nov. 
 27, 1839. Mr. and Mrs. Snow are 
 members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 SOrLE ItlARY, Widow, (maiden 
 name Corell), Far. ; Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 
 Greeley ; born in Albany Co., N. Y., 
 May 31. 1813; married to Hiram 
 Dodds, Dec. 31, 1829 ; he was born in 
 Delaware ; had two children — Nathan 
 H. and Mary J. ; he died in 1835 ; 
 she came to this county in 1853, was 
 married a^ain in 1858 to Lemuel C. 
 
634 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY : 
 
 Soule ; he was born in ^Massachusetts, 
 March 28, 1812 ; have two children — 
 Carrie and Frank. Mr. Soule died Jan. 
 8,1878. She owns S(» acres of land; 
 family belong to the United Brethren 
 Church. The mother of Mr. Soule is still 
 living at Dcdham, Mass., in her 91st 
 year. 
 
 STEEI^E HE:!IA]V E. Farmer; 
 Sec. (i ; P. O. Edgewood ; born in 
 Genesee Co., N. Y., May 15, 1838; 
 accompanied his father to this county in 
 1845 ; at that time there were very few 
 white men here, but plenty of Indians, 
 as well as an abundance of game and 
 and wild animals of all kinds. Mr. 
 Steele, Sr., is still living and resides in 
 Clayton Co. Mr. Steele, Jr., was mar- 
 ried April 3, 1859, to Jennette Seward. 
 She was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., 
 May 1, 1839 ; they have five children 
 living — Minnie, Amos R., Edwin E., 
 Lottie L. and Guy ; lost one daughter 
 — Linnie L.,died Sept. 19, 1873; owns 
 87 acres of land ; attend the Congre- 
 gational Church, of which Mrs. S. is a 
 member. 
 
 Steele M. J. far.; Sec. tJ ; P O. Edgewood. 
 
 STONER WILLIAM A. Farmer, 
 Sec. 27 ; P. O. Greeley ; born in Ohio 
 Aug. 25, 1832; accompanied his par- 
 ents to La Porte, Ind., in 1837, thence 
 to Valparaiso, where they remained 
 until 1853, when they came to this 
 county; he was married Nov. 7, 1857, 
 to Melissa L. Parker ; she was born in 
 Genesee (now Winnebago) Co., N. Y., 
 Nov. 4, 1834; have an adopted son — 
 John W. Brown, born June 7, 185G ; 
 Mr. Stoner's father and mother now 
 reside in North Fork Tp., aged respec- 
 tively G7 and 69 ; the parents of Mrs. 
 S. were early settlers in North Fork; 
 father died in 1859 ; mother resides in 
 Buchanan Co., aged 71 ; Mr. Stoner 
 owns 172 acres of land. 
 
 Sweet E. T. meat market ; Greeley. 
 
 npAYLOU C. S. carpenter; Greeley. 
 
 Taylor F. renter; Sec. 1(5; P. 0. Greeley. 
 Taylor John, carpenter ; Greeley. 
 Temple O. P. meat market ; Greeley. 
 Tyrrell John, farmer; S. 5 ; P.O. Greeley. 
 Tliomas David, far. ; S. IG ; P. O. Greeley. 
 Tinimons T. far. ; S. 13; P. 0. Colesburg. 
 Iraverse H. stone mason ; Greeley. 
 
 Trobridge P. D. far.; S. 36 ; P. O. Greeley. 
 Tuttle J. 0. farmer ; S 7 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 Tyrrell E. J. farmer ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 "TTAUGHN F. C. hardware ; Greeley. 
 
 Vaughn Joe, iarm. r ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Voutalge H. renter ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 TTTAITE E. G. wagon maker ; Gree- 
 VV ley. 
 
 Webster D. C far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 WEBSTER MARY A. Widow 
 (maiden name Brandt), Farmer; Sec. 
 14; born in Cumberland Co., Pa., 
 April 24, 1832 ; accompanied her parr 
 ents to Ashland, Ohio, in 1837; was 
 there, Feb. 10, 1854, married to Isaac 
 N. Webster ; he was born in Wayne 
 Co., Ohio, Dec. 28, 1828, died Oct. 2, 
 1876 ; she has four children living — 
 Sarah J. (now Mrs. Odell), Dayton C, 
 John A. and Elfie C; lost one — Ida 
 May, died Oct. 15, 1870; owns 260 
 acres of land ; Mrs. W. is a member of 
 the United Brethren Church; Mr. W. 
 was a member of the same. 
 
 Welch M. farmer; S. 35 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Wells L. stone mason; Greeley. 
 
 Wessell H. farmer; S. 1 ; P. O. Colesburg. 
 
 White. H. hotel keeper; Greeley. 
 
 Willis H. G. blacksmith ; Greeley. 
 
 Wilson H. laborer ; Greeley. 
 
 Wilson James, merchant ; Greeley. 
 
 Wilson R. B. renter ; S. 19 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Wiltze J. D. farmer ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Wiltze N. farmer ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Wiltze N. N. renter ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Wiltse W. J. far. ; Sec. 22, P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Wins George, far. ; Sec. 20, P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Winnard Jas. far. ; Sec. 19 ; 7. C Greeley. 
 
 YOUNG JOHN, renter; Sec. 29 ; P. 
 O. Greeley. 
 YOUXG JOHN, Farmer ; Sec. 26 ; 
 P. 0. Greeley; born in County Down, 
 Ireland, in 1830 ; came to Summit Co., 
 Ohio, in 1849; was married there Aug. 
 2, 1855, to Jane- Carney; she was born 
 in Donegal, Ireland, Oct., 1834 ; came 
 to Ohio in 1846 ; have seven children — 
 Samuel A., Alexander, Thomas, Eliza 
 J., Mary, Charles A. and John ; came to 
 this county in 1860 ; owns 138 acres of 
 land, on which he has put more than 
 §4,000 improvements ; has been School 
 Director one, and Road Supervisor two 
 terms ; family belong to the M. E. 
 Church. 
 
.#-% 
 
 COLONY TR 
 
 CU^t-'X^.^^^ 
 
ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 637 
 
 ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 A MES N. 0. 
 
 hotel ; Delaware. 
 
 Ausmon S. farmer ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Andrews J. B. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Armatage Heury, far.; S. 11; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 Austin C. M. retired ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 AUSTIN C. S. Livery and Farmer ; 
 P. 0. Delaware ; born in Franklin Co., 
 N. Y., April 24, 1832; he moved 
 with his parents to Indiana in 1834; 
 they were engaged in farming ; settled 
 in this county and township June 17, 
 1867. He was married July 29, 
 1854 to Miss Belinda Lewis from Pa.; 
 they have had three children — William, 
 born Ausr. 11, 1855 ; Rosie, Feb. 2, 
 1858; Fred. H., Aug. 9, 1861. He has 
 169 acres land in Sec. 6, Delhi Tp. 
 
 BAILEY S. H. carpenter ; P. 0. Earl- 
 ville. 
 
 BALDWIN L.. P. Farmer ; Sec. 8 ; 
 P. 0. Greeley ; born in Portage Co., 
 Ohio in 1822. He removed with his 
 mother to Winnebago Co., 111. in 1845 ; 
 came to Iowa in Fall of 1846 ; to Eads' 
 Grove in 1847 ; settled in this township 
 in 1865; he was niiirried in 1850, to 
 Miss Eliza Hinkle from this county ; 
 they have had six children — Jane, born 
 Feb. 3, 1851 ; Sanford, Feb. 8, 1853 ; 
 John, Nov. 23, 1855 ; Etta, Sept. 8, 
 1859; Willie, Deo. 25, 1861 ; Dora, 
 Dec. 10, 1865 ; Willie died April 3, 
 1868 ; Mr. B. held the office of Justice 
 of Peace of Honey Creek Tp. three years, 
 and Oneida Tp. six years ; School Direct 
 or twelve years. He has 180 acres 
 in Delaware Co. and 160 acres in Lyon 
 Tp. Politics, Rep. ; religion, C'ing. 
 
 Barker Wm. far.; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. DeLiware. 
 
 Baskerville John, renter ; Sec. 13 ; P, O. 
 Earlville. 
 
 Bateman J. W. retired ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Beach V. G. stone mason ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Becket J. W. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 BE£B£ L,. E. Farmer; Sec. 33; P. 
 0. Delaware ; born in Madison Co., N. 
 _Y., June 22, 1823 ; in 1850 he engaged 
 in the mercantile business ; moved to Oil 
 City, Penn., in 1861 ; engaged in oil 
 refining; moved to Iowa in 1866 ; on his 
 present farm in 1867; was married in 
 
 1849, to Miss Caroline S. King, Oneida 
 Co., N. Y. ; he has held office of Treas- 
 urer one year ; he held the office of 
 Treasurer of the Delaware Co. Farmers' 
 Mutual Fire Insurance Company, four 
 years ; he has 480 acres of land in Del- 
 aware Co. ; he has two farms in Buchan- 
 an Co., one in Buena Vista Co. ; in all 
 740 acres, valued at $20,000. He es- 
 tablished a creamery at Delaware, in 
 1874; he will furnish the milk from 80 
 cows, the coming season, from his own 
 farm ; he also established a creamery at 
 Independence in 1877 ; he is partner in 
 the manufacturing of the Hopkins' 
 Choice Mower, at Chicago, established 
 in Oct., 1877. 
 
 Belirns Fred, renter; Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Al- 
 moral. 
 
 Bell William, far. ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 Bengeton Peter, farmer ; Sec. 17; P. 0. 
 Delaware. 
 
 Bigelow A. P. laborer ; Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 
 Bigelow D. T. farmer ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 BIRDI^ALiL S. B. Merchant: Earl- 
 ville ; born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., Feb. 
 19, 1830 ; moved to Bradford, Pa., in 
 1844; to Sullivan Co., Pa., 1853; was 
 engaged in merchandising and lumbering 
 for twenty years ; moved West to Mis- 
 souri in 1866 ; settled in Earlville Feb- 
 ruary, 1867, except two years spent in 
 Chicago ; he was married Si'ptember, 
 1853, to Helen M. Molyneux, from 
 Penn.sylvania ; she was born Feb. 11, 
 1831 ; they have three children — Her- 
 bert D., born Nov. 16, 1857 ; Cora J., 
 born June 8, 1860 ; Ira J., bom April 
 2, 1863, died May 16, 1865. Mr. 
 Birdsall held the office of Postmas- 
 ter at Millview, Pa., twelve years, ap- 
 pointed under Pierce's Administration ; 
 he is now extensively engaged is mer- 
 chandising, under the firm name of Hor- 
 sey, Potter & Co. 
 
 Blai.dell G. P. former; Sec. 19; P. 0. 
 Delaware. 
 
 Blake Jno. tenant farmer ; P. 0. Dela- 
 ware. 
 
 Boone R. far. ; Sec. 32; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Brown D. laborer ; Delaware. 
 
 5 
 
638 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Bowers Rev. J. M. clergyman Gongrega- 
 tional Church ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Box Daniel far. ; Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Box Henry Sr. farmer; Sec. 18; P. 0. 
 Delaware. 
 
 Box Henry Jr. P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Box James, blacksmith and farmer ; P 0. 
 Almoral. 
 
 Brick J. farmer; P. 0. Deleware. 
 
 Bridges Wm. retired; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 Brown J. H. laborer ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Buchholz G. farmer; Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Dela- 
 ware. 
 
 BLRBRIDCiE ROU I.AEfD, 
 
 Farujer ; Sec. 5; P. O. Greeley; born 
 in Ohio April 10, 1819; moved to Indi- 
 ana 1822; to Michigan, Spring of 
 1839; returned to Indiana 1854; to 
 Iowa and on his present farm, Spring in 
 1866 ; he was married in 1847 to Miss 
 Emeline Hoag, from Michigan ; they 
 have had five children — William H., 
 Frank M., Jennie, Jacob. Kannie B. ; 
 Jennie died. He has 680 acres of land, 
 valued at S20,0<l0; Mr. B. purchased 
 600 acres of land from the Government 
 in 1853 ; his son Frank M. is located on 
 a farm in the same section ; Wm. H. is 
 in the hardware business in Greeley. 
 
 Burrughs J. H. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Bush C. B. egg packer ; Earlville. 
 
 Bush H. S. egg packer ; Earlville. 
 
 CARPENTER F. L. laborer; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 
 CARPENTER I>. L. Retired ; Earl- 
 ville ; born in Delaware Co., N. Y., Dec. 
 30, 1818; moved to Boone Co., 111., in 
 1847 ; he took a trip to California in 
 1851, where he spent three years; re- 
 turned to Wisconsin, where he spent 
 seven years ; settled in this county in 
 October, 1876. He was married in De- 
 cember, 1845, to Miss Tillotson, from 
 Delaware Co., N. Y. ; she was born 
 April 5, 1817 ; they ha\e six children — 
 George A., born Nov. 19, 1847; Mc- 
 Donough T.. born May 7, 1851 ; Frank 
 L., born March 14, 1854; Elisha J., 
 born June 16, 1857; Violet L., born 
 Oct. 28, 1849 ; Carrie Bell, born April 
 14, 1860. Mr. Carpenter owns 300 
 acres of land in Honey Creek Tp., Dela- 
 ware Co.. and 320 acres in Sac Co., la. ; 
 in politics. Republican. 
 
 Carter John, laborer ; Earlville. 
 
 Carty John, saloon ; Earlville. 
 
 /"^ARTY FRANK, farmer; Sec. 35: 
 
 Ly p. O. Earlville. 
 
 CATES WILLIAM, Retired ; P. 
 0. Earlville ; he was born in Maine, 
 1807 ; moved to Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
 1815, and to Indiana in 1837 ; came to 
 Delaware Co. and North Fork Tp. in 
 1853 ; he was married in 1829 to Miss 
 Sarah Baker, from New York ; they 
 had ten children, two dead. His wife 
 died April, 1868. He was married 
 again in 1809 to Mrs. A. C. Bundy, 
 from Indiana. Mr. Gates purchased his 
 farm in 1852 from the Government. 
 He is one of the earliest settlers in the 
 county ; he held the office of Road 
 Commissioner for two years, and two 
 years School Director in North Fork 
 Tp. ; he sold his farm in 1875 ; Repub- 
 lican ; Spiritualist. 
 
 CATTROX J. A. G. Farmer; Sec. 
 2 ; P. 0. Almoral; born in Washington 
 Co., Ind., 1820; moved to Iowa and this 
 county in May, 1854 and settled on his 
 present farm the same year ; married in 
 1840 to Miss Elizabeth Eahard. from 
 Indiana. She was born July 17, 1822. 
 They have had eleven children — William 
 v., Sarah F., Eliza J., John W., Mary, 
 James F., Lauretta, Martha E., Edgar 
 B., Ella E. and Effa M. Eliza J., 
 Mary and Martha are dead ; has held 
 the office of Assessor for one year :: 
 Township Trustee, one year, and School 
 Director ; has 486 acres of laud ia 
 Oneida Tp., and 65 acres in Elk Tp. ; he 
 is a strong Republican in politics ; in 
 religion a Methodist; he and his fomily 
 are among the most prominent members 
 of the Methodist Church in Almoral ; 
 the class to which he and his family 
 are connected was established in 1854 
 at the Pultney School House, Elk Tp. 
 In a short time it was transferred to the 
 Red School House, Sec. 4, Oneida Tp. 
 Mr. Cattron has led this class a good 
 portion of the time since its organiza- 
 tion. Since 1870, by permission of the 
 Congregational Qhurch at Almoral, they 
 have occupied their house and have 
 preaching every otlier Sabbath. The 
 two churches united make up a good 
 congregation every Sabbath. They also 
 hold union school. The union of the 
 two churches are so general that it is 
 hard to tell which is which. 
 
ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 639 
 
 Casper W. laborer; Delaware. 
 
 Cattron W. V. vet. surgeon ; P. 0. Earl- 
 ville. 
 
 Cheeney S. W. shoemaker ; Earlville. 
 
 Clark D. T. tenant former ; Sec. 26 ; P. 
 0. Earlville. 
 
 Clark George, P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Clark N. W. tinner ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 C1.EXDEXXEN JAMES, Far- 
 mer ; Sec. 10; P. O. Almoral ; came 
 to Iowa and Colony Township in 
 1856; he was married in 1839, to 
 Miss Jane Nourey, from Pennsyl- 
 vania. They had eight children, three 
 died ; his wife died in 1863; he was 
 married again in 1864, to Miss Joanna 
 Sparks, from Scotland. They had six 
 children — James, John, Elmer, George, 
 Isabella and Leslie B. He has 8(1 acres 
 of land ; value, $3,000 ; three of his 
 sons by his first wife were in the Union 
 army — Thomas, John and William ; 
 Thomas and John died in the service. 
 William enlisted in the 6th Iowa Caval- 
 ry, from Dubuque ; he lives in Warren 
 Co., Iowa. 
 
 Clendenen Robert, lab.; Sec. 10; P. 0. 
 Almoral. 
 
 Clous C. far. ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Coe H. A. lab. ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Coe S. H. far. ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Coe W. C. far. ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Cogan E. rent. ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Cogan Phil, tenant farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
 Delaware. 
 
 Cogan Terance, tenant farmer ; Sec. 20 ; 
 P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Colburn D. far. ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Collis E. Section Boss I. C. R. R., Dela- 
 ware. 
 
 CONGER E. B. Farmer ; Sec. 9 ; P. 
 0. Earlville ; born in Chittenden Co., Vt., 
 Nov. 30, 1825 ; moved with his p rents 
 to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in 1831 ; 
 he came to this State and county with 
 his father and James Jones in 1853, 
 and they together entered 1,604 acres of 
 land, the last Government land in Dela- 
 ware County ; he was married in 1856 
 to Miss Sarah M. Harriman, from Ver- 
 mont ; they had two children — Arthur 
 L., born Dec. 7, 1857 ; Joseph J., born 
 March 6, 1859 ; his wife died March 6, 
 1859 ; he was married again in June, 
 1861, to Miss Eunice S. Goodell, from 
 •New York ; she was born Dec. 24, 1861 ; 
 
 they came to Iowa and settled on his 
 present farm in 1861 ; he has 240 acres 
 of land, valued at $7,000 ; he is a suc- 
 cessful former and a strong Grant man. 
 
 Cousin J. G. laborer; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Cox George, far. ; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Cox James, renter; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Cruist C. H. far. ; Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 CRriSE JOHN, Jr. Farmer; Sec. 
 12 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born in Devonshire, 
 England, 1838 ; he came with his par- 
 ents to this country and Du Page Co., 
 111., in 1835 ; to this State and his pres- 
 ent farm, in 1854 ; he was married in 
 1858. to Miss Eliza Rogers, from Ene- 
 land. They have eight children — Clara 
 v., Elmer F., Harriet A., Lucy J., John 
 L., Cora M., Luella B. and baby. Mr. 
 Cruise has held the office of Township 
 Trustee three years ; Township Treasur- 
 er, seven years ; Assessor, one year ; he 
 has 468 acres of land, valued at $18,- 
 000 ; in politics, Republican. Mr. Cruise 
 has a splendid farm, is a good farmer 
 and keeps the finest of stock. 
 
 Crui.se J. Sr., retired ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Cummings, E. H. far.; Sec. 25; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 
 DAGGETT JOSEPH, drover; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 
 Davis Robert, former; P. O. Delaware. 
 
 Davey C. F. laborer ; Earlville. 
 
 Davey G. laborer; Earlville. 
 
 DEL,ANO A. A. Farmer, Renter ; 
 Sec. 35 ; born in New York in 1812; 
 be moved to this State and county in 
 1870 ; he was married Nov. 5, 1832 
 to Miss Julia Evans, from N. Y. ; they 
 have had three children — Albert, Ann 
 E., Harriet E. ; Albert died ; his wife 
 died July 24, 1844 ; he was married 
 again in 1846, to Miss Sarah Trexell, 
 from Pa. ; they have had four children 
 — Blake L., Gardner S., Martha J. and 
 Charles G. ; his wife died May 24, 
 1855; he was married again Jan. 17, 
 1856,to Miss Marilla Michael, from Ohio; 
 Blake L. enlisted in Co. B, 16th Wis., 
 in March, 1864; mustered out July 2, 
 1865 ; enlisted again, with the regulars, 
 in 1867 ; mustered out in 1870. 
 
 Delano B. P. 0. Earlville.. 
 
 Deih J. retired ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Devine William, saloon keeper ; Earlville. 
 
 DIMOND JOSIAH, Farmer; P. 
 0. Earlville ; was born in Canada in 
 
640 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 1836 ; he came to the States and 111. 
 in 1850 ; came to this State and county 
 in 1860 ; settled on his present farm in 
 1875 ; he was married in 1858, to Fan- 
 nie Little, from Canada ; they have had 
 seven children — Richard, born Aug. 12, 
 1859; Gertrude, Aug. 18, 1861 ; Stacy, 
 Jan. 5, 1864 ; Emma J., Oct. 15, 1865 ; 
 June, Feb. 15, 1868 ; Annie A., March, 
 18, 1870 ; Josiah, Dec. 25, 1872 ; he 
 has 250 acres of land, valued at S6,000. 
 
 Dodge Geo. former; S. 8 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Douglas John, carpenter ; Earlville. 
 
 Dunham J. B. far. ; 8. 11 ; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 TpAHART A. physician ; Earlville. 
 
 Eahart P. A. laborer ; Earlville. 
 
 EDE S. Earlville; Mil'er and Proprie- 
 tor of Plum Creek Mill ; born in Can- 
 ada West April 8, 1842 ; came to this 
 State and county in 1865, went to Kan- 
 sas in 1868, to Wisconsin in 1871, and 
 settled in his pi'esent location in 1874. 
 He was married in 1868, to Miss Violet 
 L. Carpenter, fr m Kansas ; she was 
 born Oct. 28, 1849 ; they have four 
 children — Sabra A., born May 26, 
 1870; Earnest, born Dec. 13, 1871; 
 Rosa B., born Feb. 9, 1873 ; Gertrude, 
 born Oct. 12, 1875. He purchased 
 his mill in 1874, and furnishes Earlville 
 with most of the flour used, besides a 
 large custom trade. 
 
 EDE WILLIAJH, Farmer; Sec. 10; 
 P. 0. Earlville ; born in p]ngland in 
 1829 ; came to this country and Can- 
 ada in 1831, to the States and Wiscon- 
 sin in the Spring of 1864, and settled 
 in this State and county and township 
 the same year, and on his present farm 
 in 1874. He was married in 1849 to 
 Miss Isabel Van Skiver, from Canada; 
 they had two children — Mary J. and 
 Lena M.; his wife died in 1865 ; he 
 was married again, in 1866, to Miss 
 Jane Hilyar, from Canada ; they have 
 had five children — William, Curtis H., 
 Annie G., Nellie and baby. He has 
 245 acres of land in Sec. 10, valued 
 at 88,000. 
 
 Eldridge J. E. merchant ; Earlville. 
 
 Eldridge S. M. clerk ; Earlville. 
 
 Enos J. B. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. Delaware. 
 
 Everton Geo. W. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville 
 
 EVERTOX WIM.IA^I, Jeweler; 
 Earlville; born in Westfield, Mass , Nov. 
 
 18, 1826 ; came to Ohio in 1847 ; to In- 
 diana in 1851 : located in Earlville in 
 1857 ; he was married in 1852 to Mrs. 
 Mary B. Emmons ; she was born in 
 Lorain Co., 0., in 1830 ; they have had 
 four children — Ella, born in 1853 ; 
 George, born in 1855; Hattie, born in 
 1861 ; Rollin, born in 1863. Mr. Ever- 
 ton enlisted in the 6th Iowa Cavalry 
 under Col. Wilson ; they were detailed 
 to guard the frontier ; they were engaged 
 in several battles with the Indians in 
 Dakota Territory. He was mustered 
 out in 1865 ; he held the office of Town- 
 ship Clerk one year. 
 FAVER A. A. commercial agent, Earl- 
 ville. 
 
 Fitzmmons, farmer ; P. O. Delaware. 
 
 Foust Elias, farmer ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Foster Jas. farmer; S. 13 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Freeman P. tenant far. ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 FFLIiER J. H. Justice of the Peace ; 
 Earlville ; born in New Hampshire in 
 1817 ; moved to N. Y. in 1839 ; to Keo- 
 kuk, Iowa, in 1855 ; settled in Jones 
 Co., this State, same year. Was engaged 
 in farming and milling for 14 years ; in 
 1868, he represented Jones County in 
 Legislature ; he held the office of Justice 
 of the Peace for Jones Co. eight years; 
 he settled in Earlville in 1869 ; he was 
 married in 1843 to Miss Mary A. Aus- 
 tin, from N. Y. ; they had two children 
 — William R. and Mary K. His wife 
 died in 1849; he was married again to 
 Mrs. Mandana Gordon from New Hamp- 
 ton, N. H. ; they had one child — John 
 B.,, born Sept., 1862 ; he was elected 
 as Justice of this county in 1870 ; Mrs. 
 Fuller carries on the Drug business in 
 Earlville ; she keeps a fine stock of drugs, 
 notions and wall paper ; her stock and 
 store are kept in fine order. 
 
 r^ ARDNER B. M. postmaster ; Dela- 
 
 vU" ware. 
 
 Gardner S. R. laborer ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Gared Joseph, far.; S. 23; P. O. Earlville. 
 
 Gclespie D. far. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Goodman D. blacksmith ; Earlville. 
 
 Goodman J. far. ; S. 25 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Guthiel Geo. far. ; S. 7 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 HALLOCK 0. farmer; S. 35 ; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 Harper G. W. retired ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Harris E. W. retired ; P. O. Delaware. 
 Harris J. S. druggist; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 641 
 
 Harris L. retired ; P. O. Earlville. 
 
 Harvey B. L. teamster ; Earlville. 
 
 Harvey C. S. f .r. ; S. 28 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 HASKIIV S. Physician and Surgeon ; 
 Earlville. Born in Steuben Co., N. Y., 
 Sept. 1,1827. Commenced his medical 
 course in 1845 and '4(i at Castleton, Vt. ; 
 another course of lectures at Rogers- 
 ville, N. Y., in 1848. He was married 
 in 1848 to Mi<s Emily E. Goes, from 
 New York. They moved to Anamosa 
 in 1858. He was appointed Postmaster 
 at Cass Center in 1861 ; his wife, deputy. 
 He was commissioned Assistant Surgeon 
 of the 14th Iowa Regiment, Col. Shaw, 
 in 1861 ; mustered out in 1864. His 
 wife died in 1865. He came to Earl- 
 ville the same year. He was married 
 in 1866 to Mrs. Mattie Moulthroup, 
 from Burmington, Ct. He graduated 
 at Bellevue College in 186^8. The 
 Doctor has a host of friends and a good 
 practice. Mrs. Haskins carries on the 
 millinery business, furnishing the ladies 
 of Earlville with fine hats. 
 
 Healy A. B. carpenter ; Earlville. 
 
 Healy J. B. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 HEALY MRS. E. B. Earlville. 
 Born in England in 1814. She came 
 to this country and Canada East at the 
 at the age of 4 years with her parents. 
 She was married in 1830 to Mr. J. B. 
 Healy, from Canada. He was born in 
 1809. Thev moved to this State and 
 county in 1864. They have had four- 
 teen children, five dead. Her husband 
 died June 17, 1871, with cancer of 
 head. She lives with her son, John B., 
 Jr. He was born June 3, 1851. He 
 was married in 1872 to Miss Mary A. 
 Reading, from Dixon, 111. They have 
 had one child — James A. ; born Oct. 5, 
 1873. Mr. Healy is a carpenter by 
 trade. 
 
 Healey Robt. laborer; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Hefner John, retired ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 HEFNER WILLIAM M. Justice 
 of the Peace and Transfer Agent for R. 
 R. Cos. ; Delaware ; he wa& born in 
 Indiana, April 17, 1831 ; moved to this 
 State and county in 1853 ; they settled 
 in Delaware in 1860 ; he was married in 
 1851 to Miss Sarah A. Ball from South 
 Bend, Ind. ; they had seven children — 
 John W., born Aug. 25, 1852; Thomas 
 A., Oct. 12, 1855; Alvin F., May 11, 
 
 1858 ; Harlan E., July 15, 1861 ; Annie 
 B., Aug. 17, 1867; James M., March 26, 
 1870; Nellie W., Aug. 16, 1873; he 
 was appointed Station Agent, ICxpress 
 Agent and Postmaster in 1 860 ; he built 
 the Delaware House that year ; he was 
 elected Justice of the Peace in 1873 ; 
 Township Trustee for two years ; 
 they were the only family in Delaware 
 that year; he has 40 acres of land in 
 Milo tp. 
 
 Henkles J. painter ; Earlville. 
 
 Henry G. W. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Hersey James, merchant; Earlville. 
 
 HERSEY LEWIS C.}. Dealer in 
 General Merchandise ; Earlville ; deals 
 extensively in grain, cattle, dressed and 
 live hogs ; born in Maine, Oct. 1, 1828; 
 came to this State and county in 1864 ; 
 he settled on a faim in this township the 
 same year ; he was married in 1854 to 
 Miss Mary A. Crafts from Maine ; she 
 was born Oct. 14, 1830 ; they had three 
 children — Lewis T., Nellie and James 
 E. ; his wife died in 1862 ; Lewis T. 
 died in 1866 ; he was married again 
 Feb., 1863 to Miss Flora 0. Bolster 
 from INLiine ; they have had four chil- 
 dren — Samuel F., Gertie, Hattie G., 
 Ruth M. . Mr. Hersey owns 80 acres 
 land in Sec. 25 ; he has engaged in the 
 mercantile business since 1868 ; the 
 firm name is Hersey, Batter & Co. ; he 
 was elected to represent the county in 
 the Senate in 1875 for four years ; he 
 resigned in 1877 on account of business ; 
 he has held office of School Director 
 three years ; Tp. Treasurer two years ; 
 Mr. Her.«ey has the appellation of Cattle 
 King of Delaware County; a Maine man, 
 very geniel, but full of business. 
 
 Hess Peter, blacksmith ; Earlville. 
 
 Hockaday Wm. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 Holland W. school teacher ; Delaware. 
 
 Holsher A. tenant far.; S. 1; P.O. Almoral. 
 
 Horsnell S. far. ; S. 19 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Horsnell W. peddler ; Delaware. 
 
 Horton T. F. far. ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Hulbert Yi. farmer ; S. 4 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Hulbert Wm. farmer ; S. 4 ; P. O. Greeley. 
 
 Hunt J. S. far. ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Hunt M. E. far. ; S. .32 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 "TERNERSON G. teamster ; Earlville. 
 
 Jockelin J. saloon ; Delaware. 
 Jockelin Peter, loborer ; P.O. Delaware. 
 
642 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 JOXES 11, C. Freight and Express 
 Agent ; Earlville ; born in N. Y. July 
 9, 18-47; he moved to Janesville, Wis. 
 
 in 1858; to St. Ansgar, Iowa ; 
 
 to Uyersville in Aug., 1875 ; settled in 
 Earlville May, 1877 ; was married in 
 Jan., 18(J(j, to Miss Ruth Rogers from 
 Pa. ; they have threo children — Ralph 
 E., born May, 1SG7; Emmett M., Aug., 
 18()8; Guy, Oct. 31, 1877 ; Mr. Jones 
 has been in the employ of the I. C. R. 
 R. three years ; Express Company nine 
 months. 
 
 JOBfES R. It, Postmaster ; Earlville ; 
 born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., Jan. 28, 
 1825 ; he was engaged in farming until 
 1863; he was married Nov. 13, 18-49, 
 to Miss Theresa Beach, from New York ; 
 she was born June 3, 1828; they have 
 had two children — Mattie E., born Dec 1, 
 1851 ; Nettie May, Nov. 9, I860 ; May 
 died' Jan. 9, 1861 ; Mr. Jones came to 
 this State and Delhi in 1855 ; purchased 
 a farm of 80 acres ; settled on it in 
 1856; in 1859, he purchased 120 acres 
 of land in the same township ; sold his 
 farm in 1863, and moved to Earlville; 
 he receive i the appointment of Post 
 master in Oct., 1867; he has held the 
 the oifice of Township Trustee three 
 years. Township Clerk two years. Con- 
 stable, Assessor one year ; his daughter, 
 Mattie E., was married to N. W. Clark, 
 from Ohio, Oct. 29, 1871 ; Mr. Clark 
 was born in Ohio in May, 18-44 ; they 
 live with her parents; Mr. C. is a tinner 
 by trade. 
 
 KAHL B. F. farmer ; Sec. 2; P. 0. 
 Ahuoral. 
 
 Kahl J. former; S. 2 ; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 Kaizer W. tenant far ; P. O. Delaware. 
 
 Kelley T. ten. far.; S. 12; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Kelley W., Sr. tenant farmer; Sec. 12; P. 
 0. Earlville. 
 
 Kelley W., Jr. laborer ; Earlville. 
 
 Kemper J. H. blacksmith; Delaware. 
 
 Kenyun Ellis, far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Ketchume E. clergyman M. E. Church ; 
 P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 KIXtiJSI.EY J. M. Farmer; Sec. 
 21) ; P. O. Delaware ; born in Onondaga 
 Co., N. Y., Dec. *8, 1842 ; came to Iowa 
 and this county in 1867 ; settled on his 
 present farm same year ; he was married 
 in 1862, to Miss Martha E. Clark, of 
 Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; she was born 
 
 Jan. 21, 1843; they have had eight 
 children — Robert F., born Jan. 13, 
 1863; Mattie, Feb. 1, 1867; Harriet 
 D., April 9, 1871; Olive, Sept. 14, 
 1873; Ella May, July 20, 1875; 
 Lewellen and George ; Lewellen and 
 George died ; he has 80 acres of land, 
 located in Fayette Co., valued at $1,600. 
 
 Knapp F. carpenter, Earlville. 
 
 KNOWLES J. S. Proprietor Dela- 
 ware Nursery and General Agency Bus- 
 iness ; born in N. H. in April 1827; 
 he move 1, with his parents, to Maine in 
 1828 ; to Wis., in 1846 ; he was mar- 
 ried to Miss Mary L. Brown, from N. 
 Y., in 1856 ; they came to Iowa and 
 Dubuque in 1865 ; settled in Delaware 
 Co. in 1867 ; they have had seven chil- 
 dren — Eugene, born Sept. 4, 1857; 
 Mary, Aug. 17, 1860 ; Frances, Sept. 
 27, 1862; Lucia, Nov. 14, 1868; 
 Junius, Dec. 25, 1870 ; Olive, Aug. 
 •20, 1873; James, June 30, 1877; 
 Olive died March 13, 1875 ; Mr K. is 
 quite extensively engaged in fruit cul- 
 ture ; he makes grapes and strawberries 
 a specialty. 
 
 Krenger F. farmer; S. 17; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Kukuk John, far. ; S. 1 ; P. O. Earlville. 
 
 Kukuk T. farmer ; S. 1 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 r ARNMERS H. A. clerk ; Earlville. 
 
 Lawence C. farmer ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Lewis E. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 Lee 0. retired ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Lee R. P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Lisk G. T. cooper ; Earlville. 
 
 Long A. laborer ; Earlville. 
 
 Long G. W. far. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Long Thos. far. ; S. 13 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Long W H. far. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Delaware 
 
 LONT C. B. Merchant and Farmer ; 
 P. 0. Delaware ; born in Madison Co., 
 N. Y., 1832 ; he was married in 1855 to 
 Miss Harriet Peckham, from New York ; 
 they have had two children — Minnie A., 
 born April 12, 1859; Harriet, born 
 June 16, 1871 ; Harriet died July 3, 
 1871; they moved to this State and 
 county in 1867, and settled on his 
 present farm the same year ; he has 377 
 acres of land, located in Sec. 12, Milo 
 Tp. ; he held the office of Assessor of 
 Milo Tp. one year. Township Trustee 
 four years. He settled in Delaware in 
 1876 ; he holds the position of Assignee 
 
ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 643 
 
 for the Delaware Co. Grange Store ; as- 
 signment was made July 1, 1878; he 
 has bten connected with the Grrange 
 Store since IST-t; he holds the position 
 of Treasurer of the Delaware Co. Fire 
 and Lightning Ins. Co. 
 
 Lough J. P. liveryman ; Delaware. 
 
 Luckinbill S. P. painter ; Earlville. 
 
 Lux John, dealer in agl. imps. ; Earlville. 
 
 M'CORMIC THOS. sec. hand I. C. 
 R. R. ; Earlville. 
 
 Mack J. H. tailor ; Earlville. 
 
 Mallory H. J. lab. ; Sec. 22 ; P.O. Earlville. 
 
 Mallory J. E. laborer ; Delaware. 
 
 Marshall F. grain buyer ; Delaware. 
 
 Mathews G. W. farmer ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 
 MATTHEWS JAS. B. Editor 
 Earlville Record and Alden Neios ; 
 Earlville; born in Lockport, N. Y., Oct. 
 12, 1825 ; moved to Ohio in 1836 ; to 
 Chicago in 1860; to Liwa in 1865; to 
 Alden in 1866, when he commenced 
 publishing the Alden News in 1873, 
 which paper he still publishes ; settled 
 in Earlville Dec. 19, 1877 ; commenecd 
 the publishing of the Earlville Record 
 same date. He was married in 1851 to 
 Miss Margaret Newman, from Ohio ; she 
 ■was born in St. John, N. B., July 24, 
 1826 ; they have three children — J. 
 Arthur, May E., Frank H. His son 
 J. A. Matthews, is in partnership with 
 him in the publishing of the Earlville 
 Record and the Alden News ; both 
 papers are published from the Earlville 
 office. Mr, Matthews has followed the 
 business of printer thirty-four years. 
 
 Mead J. D. sec. hand I. C. R. R. ; Earl- 
 ville. 
 
 Mead 0. sec. hand L C. R. R. ; Earlville. 
 
 Meader Jno. carpenter ; Delaware. 
 
 Mearder E. L. carpenter ; Delaware. 
 
 MEDLAND JOH:^^, P. 0. Earlville ; 
 born in England, Cornwall Co., Sept. 4, 
 1827 ; came to this country and Du Page 
 Co. in 1852 ; to Iowa and this county in 
 1865 ; settled on his present farm in the 
 same year; he was married in 1852, to 
 Miss Catherine Sleep, from England ; 
 she was born Oct. 25, 1828; they have 
 tad six children — Jemima G., born 
 March 16, 1855; Mary E., burn Nov. 
 24, 1860; William S., born May 8, 
 1862; Luella L, born Nov. 4, 1864; 
 John S., born Jan. 2, 1867 ; Francilla 
 
 v., March 2, 1870 ; he has 170 acres of 
 land, valued at $5,000 ; he has held 
 office of School Director four years, and 
 Road Supervisor four years. 
 
 MERRY H. C. Farmer ; See. 23 ; P. 
 0. P]arlville ; born in New York July 
 16, 1814; lived there seventeen years; 
 moved to Ohio in 1833; to Iowa and 
 Elk Township, 1857 ; settled on his 
 present farm in 1866 ; he was married, 
 in 1838, to Miss Parmelia Trowbridge, 
 from Ohio ; she was born in New York 
 Jan. 1, 1817 ; they have had six chil- 
 dren — Martha E., Adeline, John P., 
 Henry J., Carrie and Willie ; Adeline 
 and Willie died ; John F. enlisted in 
 Co. K, 21st Regt. Iowa V. I., in 1862 ; 
 mustered out on account of sickness in 
 1863 ; he re-enlisted in the 100 days' 
 service ; he is now engaged in the mer- 
 cantile business in Manchester. Mr. 
 Merry held the office of Justice of the 
 Peace of Elk Township seven years ; 
 School Director seven years ; Assessor of 
 Oneida Township, three years ; he has 
 80 acres of land. Mrs. Merry's father, 
 John Trowbridge, lives with them ; he 
 is 88 years old. 
 
 Merry H. J. flir. ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 MERTEN W. H. Clerk ; Earlville ; 
 born in Colony Township, Delaware Co., 
 la., in 1845 ; he lived there six years ; his 
 father became itinerant preacher for the 
 M. E. Church in 1851 ; they spent the 
 time until 1862 in Iowa, Wisconsin and 
 Illinois ; he attended school at Baldwin 
 University, Berea, Ohio ; in 1863 and 
 ■1864, he moved to Missouri ; in the 
 Spring of 1864, he engaged in the nurs 
 ery business ; he enlisted in the Fall of 
 1864, in Co. B, 43d Mo. V. L ; mus- 
 tered out in Aug., 1865, closed out hia 
 nursery and came to Iowa in 1866 ; 
 he taught school two years ; purchased a 
 farm in 1867 ; he was married in Oct., 
 1868, to Miss Kate Seeley, from Wis- 
 consin. They had two children — Eddie 
 F., born Oct., 1870; Clara Alice, born 
 Jan. 4, 1874; his wife died Oct. 1, 
 1876 ; he was elected to the office of 
 County Superintendent of Schools in the 
 Fall of 1871 ; held it four years ; in pol- 
 itics, Rep. ; religion, Meth. 
 
 Metzler J. retired; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 MITCH JOSEPH, Shoemaker; 
 Earlville ; born in Germany, 1827 ; 
 
644 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 came 1o this country and New York, 
 1853 ; to Galena in 1855. He enlisted 
 in Co. F, 12th Reg. I. V. I., in the 
 Spring of 1861. He was in sev- 
 eral severe engagements ; he was 
 wounded in battle of Corinth ; mustered 
 out in 1865. Was married in August, 
 1865, to Miss Barbara Foro, from Ger- 
 many ; settled in Earlville, 1870; they 
 have five children — John J., Lizzie M., 
 Joseph C, Frank F. and Bertha. Be- 
 publican ; Catholic. 
 Moran D. W. lab.; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 MORELAWD DAVID W. farm 
 
 er ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. J]arlville ; born in 
 Colony Township, Delaware Co.. Dec. 
 27, 1844. He was married March 6, 
 1868, to Miss Anna S. Earl, from Earl- 
 ville ; she is the daughter oi" Geo. M. 
 Earl, founder of Earlville, in 1857 ; she 
 was born January 25, 1846 ; they set- 
 tled in Oneida Township, 1868; they 
 have had two children — Mary E., born 
 April 26, 1869, and Charles S., July 9, 
 1871. Mr. M. enlisted in 1861, in the 
 12th Reg. I. V. I., Col. Woods ; he 
 was wounded in the battle of Shiloh 
 and taken prisoner April 6,1862; he 
 was held as a prisoner six months and 
 seventeen days ; mustered out in Janu- 
 ary, 1866. He has eighty-seven acres 
 of land, valued at S3,fl00. 
 
 Morisey G. H. retired ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 MORTON E. L. Harness Maker; 
 Earlville ; born in Ohio, Aug. 26, 1840 ; 
 moved to Michigan in 1868 ; came to 
 this State and Manchester, 1869 ; settled 
 in Earlville in March of same year. He 
 was married Oct. 5, 1872, to Miss Em- 
 ma Walker, of Earlville, Delaware Co., 
 Iowa; she was born Jan. 10, 1850. 
 Mr. Morton enlisted in the lat<^ war, as 
 Sergeant in Co. A, 3d Ohio Cavalry. 
 He was in several important engage- 
 ments; mustered out in 1863, on account 
 of sickness. 
 
 NICHOLSON JOHN, retired; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 NEW€OMB M. V. Harness Maker; 
 Almoral ; was born in Pennsylvania in 
 1834 ; he came to this State and county 
 in 1860; moved to Green County ,Wis., 
 in 1861. Was married in 1861 to Miss 
 Rozeltha Taylor, from W^isconsin ; she 
 was born Dec. 26, 1842 ; then went to 
 Minnesota same year. They were driven 
 
 from their home during the Indian mas- 
 sacre, Aug. 28,1862, losing everything. 
 They came to Earlville and settled that 
 Fall. He has held the office of Town- 
 ship Clerk six years ; Assessor one year. 
 They have had three children — Edwin 
 M., born Aug. 5, 1862 ; Jennie B., 
 born Sept. 12, 1864; Blanche J., born 
 April 28, 1873. He has charge of the 
 Almoral Creamery for tbis year. 
 
 O'CONNELL DENNIS, laborer; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 OTTO AUGUST, Carriage and 
 W^agon Maker; P. 0. Earlville; born 
 in Germany, 1833; came to this 
 country and Dubuque in 1865 ; he was 
 in the employ of the Northwestern Car- 
 riage Factory six years ; he was married 
 in 1871 to Miss Anna B. Schaller. She 
 was born in Germany, July 20, 1852. 
 They have had three children — Augusta 
 E., born Oct. 30, 1872 ; Charles. Nov. 
 4, 1873 ; Caroline E., May 4, 1874, 
 They settled in Earlville in 1874 ; Mr. 
 Otto learned his trade in Germany ; he 
 is a first-class workman ; is in partner- 
 ship with John Young in the manu- 
 facturing of carriages, wagons and fine 
 sleighs. 
 
 PALMER T. H. farmer; P. 0. Earl- 
 ville. 
 PAL,MER T. C. Farmer; P. 0. 
 Earlville ; born in Addison Co., Vt., 
 Jan. 26, 1812 ; moved to Warren Co., 
 N. Y., in 1832, then to Chautauqua Co. 
 in 1833; to Ashtabula Co., Ohio, in 
 1835, to Wisconsin in 1844, to Clayton 
 Co., Iowa, in 1854 ; they settled in Earl- 
 ville in 1870 ; they made all their moves 
 with his own team ; he was married in 
 1831 to Miss R. Phinney, from Ver- 
 mont. She was born April 26, 1813 ; 
 they have five children — Lucy, born 
 March 22, 1833; Laura R., Feb. 25, 
 1837 ; Wm. T., June 28, 1841 ; Thalia, 
 Aug. 2, 1843; Frances P., April 3, 
 1847. Mr. Palmer held the office of 
 Postmaster in Segil, Clayton Co., for 
 four years. His son, Wm. T., enlisted 
 in Co. A, 47th Regt. I. V. 1. May 
 10, 1864; mustered out Sept. 28, 1864, 
 on account of sickness. Their daughters 
 Mrs. Lucy Southworth and Mrs. Thalia 
 Rhodes, reside in Colorado ; their twa 
 sons are farmers in Clayton Co. Their 
 daughter, Mrs. Laura Knapp, was mar- 
 
ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 645 
 
 ried Aug. 3, 1876, to Wm. Grannis, 
 from Dubuque. He is engaged as com- 
 mercial traveler ; he was born in Erie 
 Co., N. Y., Dec. 16, 1821 ; moved to 
 Iowa, and Strawberry Point, Clayton 
 Co., in 1850; he enlisted in Co. D, 
 21st Regt. I. V. I. in 1862 as Lieuten- 
 ant; mustered out as Captain. He was 
 in all the battles at the seige of Vicks- 
 burg. Dr. Wm. T. Knapp, of Gutten- 
 burg, Iowa, is the son of Mrs. Grannis 
 by her former husband ; was born Jan. 
 3, 1854. 
 
 Parker E. D. railroad man ; Earlville. 
 
 PARKER G. W. Farmer ; Sec. 5 ; 
 P. 0. Greeley ; born in Canada East in 
 1839 ; came to the States and Wiscon- 
 sin in 1860, to Iowa and Honey Creek 
 Township in the Fall of 1861 ; settled 
 on his present farm in 1867. He was 
 married April 10, 1866, to Miss Mary 
 J. Fosselman, from Ohio ; children are 
 Herbert E.,born July 5, 1867, Jas. H. 
 born June 6, 1 861) ; has 170 acres of land, 
 valued at $5,000 ; has held the office of 
 Road Supervisor one year ; Republican 
 in politics ; his grandfather was in the 
 Revolutionary war five years and seven 
 months, and died when 99 years of age. 
 
 Parker L. farmer ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 PARKER SAMIJEL.F. Commer- 
 cial Agent ; Earlville ; born in Ken- 
 tucky in 1819 ; he came to Iowa and 
 Fort Madison Jan. 2, 1838, to Jackson 
 Co., Iowa, in 1842, to Rockford, 111., in 
 1844, to Belvidere, HI., in 1848. He 
 was married in 1846 to Miss Sarah A. 
 Hitchcock, from Rockford ; they had 
 two children — George M. and Joseph 
 F.; his wife died in August, 1850 ; he 
 was married again in 1 852 to Miss Mary 
 J. Caswell, from Belvidere ; they had 
 four children — Edwin D., Samuel R., 
 James 0., William H. James 0. died 
 Jan. 12, 1877, and Samuel R. was 
 drowned in Silver Lake, near Delhi, 
 while skating, Dec. 6, 1866. He came 
 to Iowa and this county, Dellii, in 1854, 
 and to Earlville in 1869 ; he held the 
 office of Deputy Sheriff two years, and 
 the office of SheriiF two years and five 
 months ; Mr. P. has followed the busi- 
 ness of Commercial Agent thirteen 
 years ; Mrs. P. is agent of the new A. 
 M. Sewing Machine; she is the boss 
 saleswoman of the county. 
 
 Parris D. farmer ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Delaware 
 
 Patten R. fajmer ; S. 11 ; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 Phelps F. laborer ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Phelps R. retired; P.O. Delaware. 
 
 Pierce B. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Pierce H. harness maker, Earlville. 
 
 PIERCE DR. H. H. Physician, 
 Delaware; born in Rutland, Vt., Oct. 
 16, 1847 ; he commenced the study of 
 medicine in 1867, at Rutland, Vt. ; he 
 graduated at Burlington, Vt., 1870; 
 commenced practice the same year ; 
 came to Iowa and Delaware Co. in 187L 
 He was married in 1873, to Miss Sarah 
 Ruggles, from Rutland, Vt. They have 
 two children — Lewis H. born June 22, 
 1874, and Minnie R. born June 4, 1876. 
 He holds the office of Co. Coroner. He 
 has quite an extensive practice. 
 
 Pierce L. L. harness maker, Earlville. 
 
 Pierce M. farmer, Sec. 31; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 POTTER JOHX T. Dry Goods and 
 Grocery Merchant, Earlville ; born in 
 Boston, in 1847 ; was engaged as com- 
 mercial traveler from 1863 to 1877. 
 He was married in 1873, to MisS Lillie 
 W. Stevens, from Lynn, Mass. ; she 
 was born Jan. 9, 1854. They have had 
 one child, Arthur S. born Jan. il, 1874. 
 Mr. Potter represented the house of 
 Mitchell, Green & Stevens 13 years; 
 is now in partnership with Messrs. Her- 
 sey & Birdsell, in general merchandise. 
 
 Preston N. S. tenant fiir. P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Prusser J. F. laborer, P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 RECTOR A. J. farmer ; Sec. 24 ; P. 
 0. Earlville. 
 
 Rector Geo. E. school teacher, Earlville. 
 
 Rector J. U. far. ; Sec. 4; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 REDING A. T. Foreman of Bridge 
 Department I. C. R. R., Earlville; born 
 in Washington Co., Penn., April 23, 
 1840 ; moved to Indiana in 1857. He 
 was married to Miss M. E. Martz, in 
 1859, from Ohio ; she was born in 
 Wayne Co., Ohio, Dec.' 16, 1843. They 
 have had two children, Lewis C. born 
 March 20, 1861 ; Nellie B. born April 
 14, 1873. They moved to Dixon, 111., 
 in 1866 ; he was there employed as 
 bridge builder ; came to Earlville March 
 1870, in same business; was promoted 
 to foreman of the Bridge Dept. in 1874. 
 
 Reeder James, far. ; S. 35 ; P. O. Earlville. 
 
 Richmond J. S. farmer; S. 34; P. 0. Earl- 
 ville. 
 
646 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 Richmond M* J. B. farmer ; S. 34 ; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 
 Roirers Thos. Sr. fur. ; S. 12 ; P. 0. Earl- 
 ville. 
 
 Rollins C. \y. tar. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Rundell (^has. far. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 RUNDELL. CHARLES, Farmer 
 and Dealer in xlgrieultural Implements ; 
 P. 0. Earlville ; born in Herkimer Co., 
 N. Y., Au.iT. 8, 18U8. They came to 
 Iowa and Dubuque Co. in 1866; to 
 this county in 1869. Settled on his 
 present farm in 1877. He was married 
 Aug. 13, 1830, to Miss Catherine 
 House, from New York. They had 
 five children — Edwin, James S., Charles 
 L., Ann, Birney. James S., Ann and 
 Birney are dead. Charles L. was born 
 July 5, 1836. He was married in 
 1858 to Miss Rebecca Bence, from Jef- 
 ferson Co., N. Y. They have had four 
 children — Ida M., Don C, Grretchen, 
 pjdwin A. They live with their par- 
 ents. Together they carry on the agi*i- 
 cultural and implement business. They 
 have 200 acres of land in S. 34, valued 
 at $5,000. Charles L. enlisted in the 
 Spring of 1862 in the 94th N. Y. Regt. ; 
 was transferred to the 10th N. Y. Artil- 
 lery ; mustered out in Dec, 1865; 
 engaged in the siege of Fort Wagner 
 and Sumpter. 
 
 Ryan J. section hand ; Earlville. 
 
 SACKETT C. P. tenant farmer ; S. 6 ; 
 P. 0. Greeley. 
 Sackett L. A. tenant farmer ; S. 6 ; P. 0. 
 
 Greeley. 
 Sackett M. W. tenant farmer ; S. 6 ; P. 0. 
 
 Greeley. 
 Sackett W. P. tenant farmer ; S. 6 ; P. 0. 
 
 Greeley. 
 Sandercock John, renter ; S. 3 ; P. ' 0. 
 
 Almoral. 
 Sandercock S. laborer; Earlville. 
 
 SANDERCOCK WALTER S. 
 
 Farmer; Sec. 26; P. 0. Earlville; born 
 in Cornwall Co., England, 1817; came 
 to this country and Cook Co., 111., in 
 1845; to Iowa and Delaware Co., 1855 ; 
 settled on his present farm in 1870; he 
 was married in 1845 to MLss Ann 
 Palmer, from England ; they have had 
 nine children, four living — Catherine 
 G., born Jan. 14, 1852 ; John T., born 
 Oct. 25, 1853; Samuel, born July 3, 
 1855 ; Walter Y., born July 2, 1862 ; 
 
 Catherine G. was born a mute. Mr. S. 
 has held the office of School Director 
 three years ; Road Supervisor one 
 year ; Republican ; Methodist. He has 
 129 acres of land, valued at $4,000. 
 Sayers , retired ; Earlville. 
 
 SCHIIRERT CHAS. Wagon 
 
 Maker ; Earlville ; born in Germany in 
 1843 ; came to this country and Ohio, 
 1852 ; to this State and Linn Co., 1855 ; 
 to Dubuque in 1857 ; enlisted in ('o. F. 
 5th la. Cavalry in 1864, under Gen. 
 Thomas; mustered out in 18^5 ; married 
 in 1865 to Mrs. Elizabeth Brooks, from 
 Canada; she was born in 1840 ; she has 
 one child by her former husband — Nel- 
 lie Brooks, born Jan. 21, 1865. He 
 spent four years in Delhi ; he settled in 
 Earlville in 1869 ; he is in partnership 
 with T. P. Hass in manufacturing wagons 
 and carriages ; they manufacture good 
 goods, and have a ready sale. 
 
 Scott A. B. far. ; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 SCOTT A. R. Farmer; Sec. 10 ; P. 
 0. Almoral; born in Otsego Co., N. Y., 
 Oct. 21, 1843 ; came with his parents to 
 Iowa and Delaware Co., in 1853; settled 
 on his present farm in 1876. He was 
 married in 1866 to Miss Mary Rogers, 
 from England; she was born Sept. 21, 
 1846; they have had three children — 
 Austin T., born Jan. 11, 1868 ; Frank- 
 lin D., born Sept. 5, 1871 ; Sherman, 
 born March 9, 1873. He has 80 acres 
 of land, valued at $3,000 ; has held the 
 office of School Director one year. He 
 enlisted in Co. H, 21st la. V. I., 1862 ; 
 he was engaged in the battles of Big 
 Black River Bridge, Port Gibson, Cham- 
 pion Hill, Jackson, Vicksburg, Spanish 
 Fort and Blakely ; he had four brothers 
 in the same company with him ; he was 
 mustered out July, 1865; they all es- 
 caped without a wound. 
 
 SCOTT S. A. Farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P. 
 0. Earlville ; he was born in Kane Co., 
 Penn., Sept. 18, 1828 ; he came with 
 his parents to Ohio in 1838 ; to Illinois 
 in 1842 ; to this State and county in 
 1851. Settled on his present farm in 
 same year. Was married March 27, 
 1856, to Miss Matilda LeGassick ; she 
 was born in England Nov. 24, 1836. 
 He was the first Township Clerk of 
 Oneida Township ; has held the office 
 of Assessor three years, and School Di- 
 
ONEIDA TOWNSHIP 
 
 647 
 
 rector four years. Mr. Scott is one of 
 the earliest settlers in the county. He 
 has 130 acres of land in Sees. 13 and 
 24. Independent. 
 
 Scott A. R. P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 I^EGER E. A. Farmer; Sec. 17; 
 P. 0. Delaware ; was born in St. Law- 
 rence Co., N. Y., March 27, 1837 ; 
 came to Iowa and this county in 1854 ; 
 settled on his present farm in 1868. 
 Married Miss Sylvia R. Gates, from 
 Earlville, in 1863. He has 140 acres* 
 of land, valued at $5,000. Has held 
 the office of Constable two years ; Road 
 Supervisor two years. His father, Joel 
 Seger, came to Iowa at the same time 
 he is settled in Earlville. They are 
 among the earliest settlers of the county. 
 The railroad extended only to Scales 
 Mound ; they came by team from there. 
 
 Segar J. retired ; P. O. Earlville. 
 
 .SEGER L.. G. Farmer; Sees. 15 and 
 16; P. 0. Earlville; born in Rutland 
 Co., Vt., 1827 ; moved with his parents 
 to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 1829 ; to 
 Iowa and his present farm in 1854. He 
 was married in 1849, to Miss Sarah 
 Akin from St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. ; 
 the children are Martha A., Hattie S., 
 boru February, 1856 ; Iowa D., born in 
 1860 ; Alvira N., born 1862 ; Edmond 
 D., born August 1, 1865 ; Adelaide M., 
 born September, 1867 ; Fred. H., born 
 March, 1870; Frank J., born Septem- 
 ber, 1872; Alfred D., born February, 
 1858; Alfred was drowned in 1860; 
 Lorena, born October, 1874 ; Mabel, 
 born August, 1876. Mr. S. has held' 
 the office of School Director one year, 
 and Presidant of the School Board one 
 year. He has 400 acres of land valued 
 at $12,000. Republican; Protestant. 
 
 Shaw W. VV. farmer ; P. O. Earlville. 
 
 Sims C. A. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Sims T. L. teamster ; Earlville. 
 
 Sisson H. B. tenant farmer; Sec. 33 ; P. 
 0. Delaware. 
 
 Sisson J. F. tenant farmer : Sec. 28 ; P. 
 0. Delaware. 
 
 Snow N. laborer; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Spear Isaac, laborer ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Sprague G. W. hotel proprietor; P. 0. 
 Delaware. 
 
 STAEHL.E GEORGE, Hardware 
 and Lumber Merchant ; Earlville ; born 
 in the Province of Alsace, France, 
 
 Aug. 10, 1831 ; came to this country 
 and New York City in 1849. Was mar- 
 married, in 1854, to Miss Sallie Weber, 
 from Wayne Co., N. Y.; born in 1830 ; 
 he moved to Dubuque in 1854, and was 
 engaged as clerk in the hardware store 
 of Andrews & Tredway seventeen years; 
 he settled in Earlville in 1872 ; they 
 have nine children — George, Annie, 
 William, Elizabeth, Charles, Jennie, 
 Albert, Emma, Bertha. He was elected 
 Supervisor, in Delaware County, in 
 1876. By constant application to busi- 
 ness and economy, with fair dealing, Mr. 
 S. has secured to himself a good trade 
 and the high esteem of his fellow men. 
 
 Stephens L. 0. farmer ; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 Steiman C. far.; S. 19 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Strickland A. far.; S. 11; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 Strickland J. A. far.; S. 11 ; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 STRICKIiAXD W. G. Farmer; 
 S. 11; P. 0. Almoral; born in Am- 
 herst, Mass., in 1821. He moved to 
 this State and county in 1856; settled 
 on his present farm the same year. He 
 was married in 1844 to Miss Mary 
 A. Lewis, from Middletown, Ct. They 
 had two children — Francis and Arthur 
 H. His wife died Sept. 24, 1849. He 
 was married again Oct. 1, 1850, to 
 Miss Eunice W. Puffer, from Massa- 
 chusetts. She was born Feb. 18, 1822. 
 They had five children, three dead. 
 Living — Josiah A., born Sept. 12, 
 1855; Edward G., born Jan. 4, 1861. 
 He held the office of Assessor one 
 year ; School Director six years ; Presi- 
 dent School Board one year. He has 
 200 acres of land in Sees. 14 and 15. 
 Mr. Strickland was led to locate in 
 Almoral through the " Stafford Western 
 Emigration Co." He is the only mem- 
 ber now living in the county of the first 
 company. He is the President of the 
 Almoral Dairymen's Co. The prospects 
 of the future of the company are more 
 .flattering than in the past. He has 
 acted as Deacon of the Congregational 
 Church since Nov., 1857. 
 
 STRIXGHAM J. A. Druggist, 
 and Freight and Ticket Agent for the 
 D. & N. W. R. R., Delaware. Born in 
 Windsor, N. Y., July 20, 1841. Served 
 three years in the war of the rebellion 
 in the 89thN. Y. Vol's. Hewasniarried 
 in 1872 to Miss Hattie M. Haller, o 
 
648 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 
 
 Delaware. They have had two children 
 — Adin H., born Sept. 17, 1874 ; Frank 
 H., born July 2, 1877. He is inter- 
 ested in the druc; business in Delaware. 
 Finn name, Strinp;ham & Carlin. 
 
 Stork E. M. lab.; S. 12 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Sullivan J. flirmer ; S. 10 ; P. O. Almoral. 
 
 SUI.LIVAN J. W. Farmer; S. 32; 
 P. 0. Delaware. Born in New York 
 Nov. 10, 1822. He spent five years 
 sailing on the ocean and lakes. He 
 moved to Chicago in 1852 ; to Milwau- 
 kee in 1855; was married to Miss 
 Mary Breen. from Milwaukee, in 1^56. 
 Returned to Chicago the same year ; 
 was engaged from 1857 to 1873 as 
 general caterer for the Tremont House. 
 He hept the Atlantic Hotel in partner- 
 ship with W. S. Newman two years. 
 They moved to Iowa and settled on 
 their present farm in 1876. They have 
 had three children — Charles B., born 
 Feb. 1, 1863; James F., born Aug. 3, 
 1865; Mary E., born May 28, 1872. 
 He has held the office of School Direc- 
 tor. He has 100 acres of land in Sec. 
 32, 80 acres in Sec. 33, Delhi Tp. 
 
 r-pHIBADIAN PP]TER, tenant farmer; 
 
 _L P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Trowbridge John, retired ; Earlville. 
 
 TAYLOR J. B. Liveryman ; Earl- 
 ville ; born in Ohio April 3, 1830; 
 moved to Indiana in 1844, to this State, 
 Greeley Township and Oneida Township, 
 in 1855, and engaged in the mercantile 
 business; he moved to Earlville in 1859, 
 when he connected the grain business 
 with his mercantile business, which he 
 closed out in 1870, devoting his time to 
 the grain trade until 1872, since which 
 time he has carried on the livery busi- 
 ness ; he was elected to the office of 
 Constable in 1876. He was married in 
 1851, to Miss M. J. Eahart, from Indi- 
 ana, where she was born in 1831 ; they 
 have had two children — Sophronia A., 
 born in June, 1852, and was married in 
 1871, to C. A. Gillam, who holds the 
 office of Express Agent, at Independ- 
 ence, Iowa ; William W., born Novem- 
 ber, 1855, married in 1874, and lives 
 with his father. 
 
 YAN VALKENBURG B. J.; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 Vanwagenen John, laborer; Earlville. 
 Vanwagenen R. H. retired; Earlville. 
 
 Valsey Chas. fixrmer ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 VOIT ADAM, Meat Market and 
 Pork Packer; Earlville; born in Aus- 
 tria, Feb. 2, 1837 ; moved to this 
 country and Chicago in 1864 ; settled 
 in Earlville in 1871. He was married 
 June 21, 1877, to Miss Werkmeister, of 
 Earlville. By close attention to busi- 
 ness, and determination to please, he has 
 worked up a fine business. 
 
 WALDO L. H. farmer ; Sec. 23 ; P. 
 0. Earlville. 
 
 Warren W. far. ; Sec. 10 ; P. O. Almoral. 
 
 Wasson W. mason ; Delaware. 
 
 Weaver H. D. clergyman ; Delaware. 
 
 Webb John, fir. ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Almoral. 
 
 Webb L. far. ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Webb T. J. P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 Webb \Vm. farmer ; Sec. 12; P. O. Dela- 
 ware. 
 
 WERKMEISTER F. Furniture 
 Business ; born in Baden, Prussia, in 
 1829; came to this country and New 
 York in 1850; to Dubuque in 1857; 
 settled in Earlville in 1872 ; he was 
 married in 1852 to Miss Judith Web- 
 ber ; she was born in Prussia in 1829 
 they have had ten children — Laura W. 
 born June 6, 1853 ; Caroline, burn Sept 
 10, 1854 ; John B., born Oct. 10, 1856 
 Charles, Oct 10,1856; Emma, Sept 
 19, 1857 : Elizabeth, Oct. 29, 1859 ; Ida 
 April 20, 1862; John B., April 25 
 1864; Frank J., in Aug., 1806; Will- 
 iam, Oct. 29, 1871. Wm., John B.. 
 Charles and Frank J., died. He held 
 the office of School Director four years. 
 
 Westlake E. P. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Westlake Geo. farmer ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Wheeler A. retired ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 WHEEIiER M. A. MRS. Pro 
 
 prietress Earlville House ; Earlville ; 
 born in Greene Co., N. Y., March 30, 
 1840 ; she moved with her parents to 
 Walworth Co., Wis., in 1850; they 
 came to Belvidere, 111., in 1852 ; to thus 
 State and county in 1854; she was 
 married in 1864 to Eugene Wheeler, 
 from New York ; he had two sons by 
 his first wife — Spencer W., born March 
 3, 1857 ; Chauncey E., Sept. 8, 1860. 
 They had two children — Etna, born Jan. 
 3, 1866 ; Frank D. born Oct. 30, 1870 ; 
 Etna died Aug. 6, 1869 ; Mr. Wheeler 
 died Jan. 30, 1876 ; her son, Spencer 
 W., assists her in carrying on the hotel ; 
 
HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 649 
 
 Chauncey E. is employed as night oper- 
 ator for the I. C 11. R., at Manchester, 
 Iowa. 
 
 Wheelock J. E. school teacher, Earlville. 
 
 White C. T. painter, I]arlville. 
 
 WHITE H. B. painter, Earlville 
 born in Geauga Co., Ohio, Nov. 5, 185U 
 came to Iowa and McGregor in 1858 
 to Delaware Co. and this township in 
 1866; to Earlville in 1874. Married 
 in 1873 to Miss Matilda Luckinbill from 
 Penn. ; she was born Nov. 4, 1852. 
 Had one child, Frankie May, born May 
 18, 1875. Mr. White is a first-class 
 workman ; he makes carriage and wagon 
 work a specialty ; does some house paint- 
 ing ; painted the inside work of the 
 Congregational Church. 
 
 Williams E. W. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 WIL.LIAMS CJEORGE G. Har 
 ness Maker, Earlville; born Jan. 16, 
 1825 ; moved to De Kalb Co., 111., in 
 1840; settled in Kingston Township 
 when there were only six families in the 
 township ; came to Iowa and Earlville 
 in 1860. He was married in 1851 to 
 Miss A. F. Scott, from Ohio ; she died 
 in 1870. He was married to Mrs. 
 Blanche Morse, from Virginia, in 1872. 
 They have had two children — Kate, born 
 Dec. 25, 1873 ; George Roy, born Feb. 
 18, 1876. He held the office of Town 
 Clerk three years ; Town Trustee two 
 years; As-iessor oneyear; School Director 
 six years ; he kept grocery for five years ; 
 proprietor of harness shop from 1869 
 to 1877 ; has 96 acres of land, Sec. 35 ; 
 carries the mail to Almoral three times 
 per week. 
 
 Williams J. R. clerk, Earlville. 
 
 Williamson Z. A. tenant far.; S. 4; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 Wilson M. E. laborer; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 WIIiSON M. E. MRS. Earlville; 
 born in Orange Co., N. Y., July 28, 
 
 1831 ; she was married Feb. 13, 1849, 
 to Mr. William Wilson, from Orange 
 Co., N. Y.; he was born Oct. 14, 1822. 
 They came to this State and Co. in 
 1854. They have had three children, 
 Mary F., born Oct. 24, 1850; Merritt 
 H., born Dec. 7, 1855 ; Mary F. was 
 married to S. W. Orinna Dec. 3, 1863. 
 Mr. Wilson died Dec. 5, 1877, after 
 sixteen months severe sickness. They 
 are among the earliest settlers of the 
 county ; he was a stone cutter by trade ; 
 he followed farming since he came West. 
 
 Wilson Thos. farmer ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Al- 
 moral. 
 
 YOUNG JOHN, Blacksmith ; 
 Earlville ; born in Germany, Feb. 
 4, 1849 ; came to this county and Du- 
 buque in 1854. Was married in 1870 
 to Miss Amelia Liebe, from Germany* 
 they have five children — Frank H., 
 George, John H., Amelia, Fred. C. Mr. 
 Young learned his trade in Dubuque. 
 He settled in Earlville Oct. 10, 1872. 
 He has been in partnership with A. 
 Otto in manufacturing of wagons, car- 
 riages and sleighs since 1874. Mr. 
 Young is a No. 1 workman. 
 
 r XIBATH M. saloon keeper; Delaware. 
 
 ZOIMERiriAN R. Restaurant and 
 Billiard Hall ; Earlville ; born in Baden, 
 Germany, March 25, 1834 ; came to this 
 country and Cleveland, 0., in 1854; to 
 Milwaukee, Wis., 1855; to Dubuque, 
 1863 ; settled in Earlville in 1869. Mar- 
 ried in 1859 to Miss Catherine Ternes, 
 from Prussia; she was born May 19, 
 1833; they have three children — Louisa, 
 born Feb. 2, 1860 ; Augusta, July 4, 
 1863 ; and Clara, March 3, 1839. Mr. 
 Z. was engaged in tailoring eight years 
 in Milwaukee, six years in Dubuque, 
 five years in Earlville. 
 
 Zitzman W. far.; S. 18; P. 0. Delaware. 
 
 HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ADAMS L. H. farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P. 
 0. Edgewood. 
 Adams H. P. farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. 
 
 Edgewood. 
 Alcorn A. L. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
 Edgewood. 
 
 Alcorn J. K. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
 Edgewood. 
 
 AI^GER H. R. Farmer ; Sec. 1 ; P. 
 0. Edgewood ; was born in Ontario Co , 
 N. Y., Aug. 27, 1812. Married Ange- 
 line Northrup, Jan. 17, 1843 ; she was 
 
650 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAAVARE COUNTY : 
 
 born in Rochester, N. Y., August 26, 
 1823; they lived in Ontario County 
 until 1845, when they emigrated to this 
 county, first settling on his present form 
 of 230 acres, valued at $7,000. Myron, 
 born Feb. 22, 18-1:4; Eli, Oct. 1, 1847, 
 died in 1864 ; Ann E., Jan. 20, 1854; 
 Effie, April 21, 1862, are their children. 
 
 Alger iM. H. far.; S. 1 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 An'nis A. far.; Sec. 2; P.O. Edgewood. 
 
 Annis H. far.; Sec. 2; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Avery C. lab.; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 BAKR EDWARD, farratr; Sec. 7 ; 
 P. 0. Eduewood. 
 
 Barr D. ftir.; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Barr H. far.; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Barr J. C. far.; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Barr James, Sr., farmer ; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
 ^lanchester. 
 
 BARR JAMES H. Farmer ; Sec. 
 6 ; P. 0. Edgewood ; born in Ireland 
 May 31, 1826; emigrated and settled 
 in Canada West, where he remained un- 
 til 1855 ; engaged in teaching the Nor- 
 mal School. 
 
 Barr M. I. far. ; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 BARR WILLIAM, Farmer ; Sec. 
 20 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Ireland 
 Dec. 22, 1825 ; came to Canada in 1847, 
 and in 1849 he emigrated to Kane Co., 
 111., remaining five years ; married Ann 
 Brunskill Oct. 22, 1856 ; she died April 
 28, 1873; they came to this county in 
 Dec, 1856 ; first settling in this town- 
 ship ; children by first marriage are 
 David W., born Jan. 1, 1858 ; Mary E., 
 Feb. 4, 1860 ; Lenora A., Aug. 17, 
 1862 ; Charles T., April 8, 1866 ; mar- 
 ried Mary I. Kezerta Dec. 9, 1876 ; she 
 was born March 9, 1829; Ida A. 
 Kezerta (Mrs. K.'s daughter by first 
 marriage) was born Sept. 28, 1856. 
 
 Bassee H.far. ; Sec. 9; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 BEXSOX J. T. Farmer; Sec' 15 ; P. 
 O. Manchester; born in Cayuga Co., 
 N. Y., May 25, 1833; came with par- 
 ents when quite young to Huron Co., 
 Ohio, where he married Louisa Clark 
 Oct. 10, 1855 ; she was born in Huron 
 Co., Ohio, Nov. 18, 1835 ; in 1856, 
 they emigrated to Clayton Co., Iowa, 
 and settled near ^McGregor ; he enlisted 
 Auji. 15, 1862 in Co. E, 27th Iowa V. 
 I. ; engaged in battles of Pleasant Hill, 
 Tupelo, Nashville, Fort Blakely and 
 others ; was honorably discharged Aug. 
 
 8, 1865 ; in 1867, he settled on his pres- 
 ent farm of ninety acres ; he also owns 
 160 acres land in Worth. Co., Iowa; 
 both fiirms are well improved. J. C, 
 born Aug. 1, 1856 ; Leonard E., June 
 17, 1860, are the names and births of 
 their children. 
 
 BEXSOK WILLIAM R. Farmer; 
 Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
 Cayuga Co., N. Y., June 26, 1831 ; he, 
 with his parents, emigrated to Huron 
 Co., Ohio, in 1833, where he remained 
 till 1854, then traveling through the 
 West, making no permanent settlement, 
 and in 1862, he enlisted in Co. G, 1st 
 Regt. Colorado Riflemen ; he engaged in 
 the battles of Apatchacaman, Pigeon 
 Ranch, Paralto, and was honorably dis- 
 charged Oct. 21, 1865; he married 
 Lucia A. Clark Nov. 11, 1866. She 
 was born in Huron Co., Ohio, Dec. 16, 
 1836 ; in 1867, he settled on his present 
 farm, consisting of eighty-eight acres, 
 
 worth $4,000; Edith, "born 14, 
 
 1867, and Eva L., born March 4, 1875, 
 are their children ; Willis Kight, born 
 Aug. 12, 1862, is her son by first mar- 
 riage. 
 
 Beroggman John, renter ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
 Edgewood. 
 
 Blair M. E. fiirmer ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 BLII^I^ CLARK, Farmer ; Sec. 33 ; 
 P. 0. Manchester; born May 10, 1842, 
 in Winnebago Co., 111. ; moved to Ste- 
 phenson Co. when (juite young, and to 
 this county in the Fall of 1849 ; married 
 Miss Helena M. Colvin Nov. 24, 1863 ; 
 she was born in N. Y. State, June 25, 
 1845 ; has four children — Benjamin E., 
 born May 11, 1865; Ida M.,"Dec 13, 
 1867 ; Carl E., May 16, 1873 ; his fath- 
 er died April 19, 1864, aged 75 
 years ; his mother was struck by 
 lightning and instantly killed ; he owns 
 125 acres, valued at $2,200 ; principal 
 product, small grain ; he is a Democrat. 
 
 BLlJi^N «EO. H. Farmer; S. 33; 
 P. 0. Manchester; born in Erie Co., 
 Pa., June 28, 1835. At the age of 2 
 years, he came with his parents to Win- 
 nebago Co., 111., and remained there 
 seven years, then going to Kane Co., 
 111., and, in 1849, came to this county 
 and settled on his present farm, consist- 
 ing of 47 acres, well improved, worth 
 
HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 651 
 
 $1,500. He married Anna Hempsted 
 Sept. 28, 1856. She was born in Chau- 
 tauqua Co., N. Y., Aug. 30, 1836. 
 Alice A., born Nov. 29, 1858 ; Charles 
 C, born Aug. 4, 1861 ; Edgar E., born 
 Jan. 18, 1869, are their children. 
 
 BLINI^ JOHN, Farmer; S. 28; P. 
 0. Manchester; born in Erie Co., Pa., 
 Oct. 28, 1827 ; came with parents to 
 Winnebago Co., 111., when 10 years old, 
 and to Stephenson Co., where he re- 
 mained till 1849, when he moved to 
 this county, where he has since resided. 
 Married Miss Mary Martin Nov. 14, 
 1850. She was born in Champaign 
 Co., 0., July 2, 1831 ; has six children 
 living — Elizabeth, born July 5, 1851 ; 
 Phoebe, Dec. 23, 1852; Mary J., Oct. 
 22, 1854; Rosa, Aug. 31, 1860; Geo. 
 W., Dec. 21, 1862;'^Luella, Jan. 24,. 
 1870. Three children deceased — Ben- 
 jamin, Rosella and Leona, all dying in 
 infancy. Owns 285 acres of land, 
 which, with city property, is valued at 
 $12,000. Deals largely in stock ; prin- 
 cipal product, ct)rn ; served as Constable 
 ten years ; is a Democrat. 
 
 JBOGGENN ORIN S. Deceased; 
 was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., April 
 9, 1803; March 6. 1832, he moved 
 near Syracuse, N. Y. ; here he married 
 his second wife, who now survives him, 
 April 2, 1834; he was Sheriff and Dep- 
 uty Sheriff of Onondaga Co. ; emigrated 
 in 1846 to McHenry Co., 111. ; in 1850, 
 came to this township, where he died. 
 His wife, Maria Boggess, resides on Sec. 
 28, where she owns 103 acres of land. 
 Have two children living. P. 0. ad- 
 dress is Manchester. 
 
 Boynton Wni. C. farmer; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Breed Chas. far. ; S. 12 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Bush Frank, farmer ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Br^H I^EIiDON F. Farmer ; Sec. 
 4 ; P. 0. Ediiewood ; born in Herkimer 
 Co., N. Y., April 25, 1802 ; in 1812 he 
 moved to Chautauqua Co., N. Y. ; he 
 married Florrina Blackman May 12, 
 1825 ; she was born in Oneida Co., N. 
 Y., Aug. 20, 1804 ; she died March 10, 
 1844. He married Mary Hempsted 
 July 11, 1844 ; she was born in Oneida 
 Co., N. Y., Feb. 5, 1814. He came to 
 this county in 1853, settling on his 
 present farm, consisting of 150 acres. 
 
 worth $4,000. Albert Alva, Loren, 
 Florella are the children living by his 
 first marriage ; Lawrence, Leander, Fan- 
 nie and Frank are the children living 
 by second marriage. 
 i^HASEC. E.far. ; S. 18 ; P. 0. Forest- 
 ry ville. 
 
 CHASE ELMER, Farmer; Sec. 
 18; P. 0. Forestville ; born in Rush- 
 ford, Allegany Co., N. Y., April 9, 
 1831. In 1849 he settled in Cattarau- 
 gus Co., N. Y., where he married Betsey 
 Brown May 31, 1853; she was born 
 in Edmeston, Ostego Co., N. Y., March 
 25, 1834 ; he emigrated to this county 
 and settled on his present farm, consist- 
 ing of 140 acres, in 1860; farm valued 
 at'^$5,000 ; Charles E., born Oct. 10, 
 1854 ; Laura Ella, May 13, 1862 ; Les- 
 lie, Sept. 9, 1870, are the names and 
 births of his children. 
 CliARK J. H. Farmer; S. 35; P. 
 0. Manchester; owns 67 acres, worth 
 $2,500; born in St. Joseph Co., Ind., 
 Feb. 26, 1842 ; came to this county in 
 1853, where he married Esther A. 
 Howiand Jan. 5, 1865. She was born 
 in Kendall Co., 111., Sept. 18, 1849. 
 Their children are — Elmer H., born 
 Dec. 5, 1866 ; Elvin F., April 6, 1868 ; 
 and Elnora A., June 22, 1873 ; have 
 lost one child — Ella V., born June 10, 
 1869, died Aug. 10, 1877. Mr. C, 
 like other pioneers, has undergone many 
 hardships ; among others, he relates the 
 following : he, with his father and 
 brother-in-law, started for Delhi Mill in 
 the Winter of 1856. They had not 
 gone far, when his father fell on the ice 
 and broke his hip. They brought him 
 back, and after his wound was dressed 
 they again started for the mill. They 
 soon came to a creek which was not 
 frozen strong enough to cross. Their 
 team (of oxen) was too tired to return, 
 so they stayed by the creek all night. 
 The wolves howled around them, and 
 they came near freezing to death ; but 
 with the morning's dawn they proceeded 
 on their way. 
 CL,UGSTOX WIL.I>IAM, Farm- 
 er ; Sec 35 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born 
 in Cayuga Co., N. Y., Feb. 4, 1804; 
 they emigrated to Appanoose Co., Ohio, 
 in 1814, and then to Union Co., Ind., 
 where he married Margaret David June 
 
652 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 10, 1827; she died Sept. 17, 1835; has 
 four children from first wife — John, born 
 April 6, 1828; Margaret, Aug. 22, 
 1829 ; Rebecca M., Aug. 22, 1831 ; 
 Harriett C, June 6, 1835. Married 
 Phoebe Heston May 29, 1836 ; she was 
 born in Greene Co., Ohio, Oct. 24, 1811 ; 
 eight children by second marriage — 
 Lydia, April 30, 1837 ; Hannah J., 
 June 1,1838; Luella, Feb. 13, 1840; 
 James, Oct. 6, 1841 ; Martha, Dec. 4, 
 1844; Minerva, Feb. 12, 1846; Sarah, 
 July 6, 1847 and Nancy A., Dec. 9, 
 1853; they emigrated to this county in 
 Aug., 1855 ; owns 245 acres land worth 
 $8,000 ; Rep. ; belongs to the Christian 
 Church. 
 
 Clute Cha^. far. ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 CLUTE L.. G. Farmer; Sec. 35 ; P. 
 0. Manchester ; owns 247 acres, worth 
 $10,000 ; born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., 
 Oct. 8, 1836 ; cam 3 to Adams Co., 
 Wis., the Fall of 1854, and to this 
 county in 1855. Married Melissa J. 
 E. Roe Sept. 4, 1861 ; she was born 
 in St. Joseph Co., Ind., Nov. 2, 1842 ; 
 their children are — William H., born 
 Nov. 3. 1862; Charles A., born Aug. 
 29, 1864; Lewis A., born July 2, 1866; 
 their house stands on the first 80 acres 
 entered in this county ; he is a Repub- 
 Ucan, and his family are members of the 
 Christian Church. 
 
 Clute R. S. H. fir.; S. 5; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Coolidge John, far ; S. 2 ; P. O. Edgewood. 
 
 Coolid-c Z. G. far.; S. 12; P.O.Edgewood. 
 
 COOLIDGE JOHN M. Farmer; 
 Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Edgewood, Clayton Co., 
 Iowa ; wa.i born in Honey Creek, Dela- 
 ware Co., Iowa, March 5, 1857; he is 
 the eldest son of Zena E. Coolidge, one of 
 the old settlers of that township, and 
 one who has taken a lively interest in 
 all that pertains to the improvement of 
 the county in which he lives. 
 
 Coolidge Lyman, farmer; -cc. 25 ; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 Coolidge L. B. far.; S. 11; P. 0. Edge- 
 wood. 
 
 Croyle John, laborer ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 DRAKE OLIVER, renter; Sec. 30 ; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 Durfy E. H. creamery; Sec. 27; P. O. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Durfey J. H. far.; Sec. 16; P. O. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 DAVIS CHAS. B. Farmer; Sec. 
 18; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Mount 
 Holly, Vt., May 20, 1817 ; in 1826, he 
 moved to Fall River, Mass., and in 1837, 
 went to Newport, R. I.; here he mar- 
 ried Mary Barker, in March, 18^7; she 
 was born in Middletown, R. I., Nov. 
 11, 1815; they emigrated to this county 
 and settled in Colony Township in April, 
 1861, and in February, 1877, he settled 
 on his present farm, consisting of 87 2 
 acres, worth $2,000. Charles, Emeline, 
 Orren and Edward are their living chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Davis Oren, far. ; S. 19 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 De Bell O. far.; S. 16 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 De Bell C. far.; S. 16; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 EATON J. B. farmer; Sec 11 ; P. 0. 
 Edsewood. 
 
 EATON J. J. farmer; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 
 Edgewood ; born in Erie Co., Pa., July 
 17, 1840 ; came with his parents to 
 this county in 1857, first settling on his 
 present farm, consisting of 110 acres, 
 worth $3,500 ; he enlisted in Co. F, 
 12th I. V. I., in October, 1861, was at 
 Fort Donelson, Vicksburg, and was 
 taken prisoner at the battle of Shiloh, 
 and confined in Montgomery prison, 
 Georgia, and after six months was ex- 
 changed ; was honorably discharged 
 Dec. 3, 1864. Married Frances Cool- 
 edge Feb. 8, 1865; she was born in 
 Boone Co., 111., Oct. 20, 1848; have 
 three children — Orlando M., born Dec. 
 31, 1866 ; Abner, born Aug. 23, 1868 ; 
 Almeda, born Aug. 23, 1870. 
 
 Eaton L. far. : Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Eaton Timothy, far. ; See. 11, P. 0. Edge- 
 wood. 
 
 Ede R. T. far. ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Ecker G. A. far. ; Sec. 10 ; P. O. Edge- 
 wood. 
 
 Edmonds J. H. Jr. far.; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 Edmonds J. H. farmer; Sec. 25; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 EDMONDS JOEL S. Farmer ; 
 Sec. 36 ; P. O. Greeley ; born in Oswego 
 Co., N. Y., May 2, 1828 ; he married 
 Phoebe Albee May 3, 1850; she was 
 born in Oswego Co., N. Y., Sept. 25, 
 1828 ; they came to this county in June 
 1868, first settling in Honey Creek 
 Township. Mary Rosette, born July 
 25, 1852, and John J., born Oct. 15, 
 
COLONY TR 
 
 ^i^C^. 
 
HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 655 
 
 1856, are names and births of their chil- 
 dren. Mr. E. owns eighty acres of land 
 in Calhoun Co., Iowa, worth $1,000. 
 
 £L DRIIIGE J. E. Farmer ; Sec. 6 ; 
 P. 0. Edgewood ; born in St. Lawrence 
 Co., N. Y., May 15, 1836 ; he emigrated 
 with his parents and settled on his pres- 
 ent farm in June, 1856 ; he married 
 Augusta Fitzsimmons Dec. 4, 1857 ; 
 she was born in Orleans Co., Vt., Sept. 
 20, 1841. Alice F., born Jan. 6, 1864, 
 and Charles F., Sept. 2, 1871, are the 
 names and births of their children. Mr. 
 E. enlisted in Co. F of 12th la. V. I. 
 Sept. 12, 1861 ; engaged in battles of 
 Ft. Donelson, Shiluh, Siege of Vicks- 
 burg, Hood's defeat at Nashville and 
 others; was honorably discharged Jan. 
 20, 1866. 
 
 Elkins J. H. renter ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Edge- 
 wood. 
 
 IPAIRWEATHER ROBT. hotel in 
 ' Edtrewood. 
 
 Fishell Robt. far. ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Fishell S. C. renter; Sec. 9 : P. 0. Edge- 
 wood. 
 
 Fitch R. 0. farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 FOWLER J. T. Farmer ; Sec. 36 ; 
 P. O. Greeley ; born in Sangamon Co., 
 Dl., Feb. 20, 1843 ; came to Dubuque 
 Co., la., when 5 months old, and to 
 this county in 1864; enlisted July 28, 
 1861, in the 9th la. V. I., Co. J ; was 
 with Sherman in his march to the sea ; 
 honorably discharged Sept. 24, 1864; 
 married Rosa F^dmonds Oct. 8, 1873, 
 who was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., 
 July 25, 1852 ; their cliildren are Her- 
 man E., born x\ug. 7, 1874, and James 
 B. Awr. 23, 1876. 
 
 Fowler W. N. far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Frentress E. P. far. ; Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chfster. 
 
 FRENTREHI^ FREDERICK 
 
 W. Farmer ; Sec. 23 ; P. O. Greeley ; 
 born in Jo Daviess Co., 111., March 'J.d, 
 1835, making his home there till 1870, 
 then settling where he now lives ; owns 
 165 acres of land, worth $7,000 ; he 
 enlisted in Co. H, 1st California V. C, 
 April 26, 1863; he married Frances V. 
 Hall Nov. 13, 1868;. she was born in 
 Grant Co., Wis., March 9, 1848 ; have 
 five children living — Emsley H., born 
 Aug. 14, 1869; Nellie E., June 24, 
 
 1871; Albert E., Oct. 22, 1872; Dia- 
 damia A., March 26, 1874 ; Sabra D., 
 April 2, 1876. 
 FRENTRESS JOHN B. Far.; 
 S. 27 ; P. 0. Manchester; born in Jo Da- 
 viess Co., 111., Feb. 18, 1829. In 1850, 
 he moved to California, where he was 
 engaged in the mining business until 
 
 1854, when he returned to his native 
 county. In 1860, he emigrated to this 
 county, first settling on his present 
 fiirm, consisting of 350 acres of land, 
 which he values at $18,000, and on 
 which he has made the best of improve- 
 ments. Married Leona Mead Sept. 2, 
 
 1855. She was born in St. Clair Co., 
 May 14, 1834. F]leazer P., born June 
 22, 1856; Oscar F., born May 8, 1859; 
 Jennie, born April 1, 1861 ; Josephine, 
 born Jan. 15, 1864 ; John K., born 
 March 14, 1867, are their living chil- 
 dren. Leona, born Dec. 26, 1857, died 
 Aug. 26, 1858 ; Charles, born Feb. 28, 
 1870, died Au-j. 26, 1870. 
 
 FRENTRESS WM. M. Farmer; 
 S. 34 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Jo 
 Daviess Co., 111., Dec. 12, 1837; came 
 to this county in 1866. Married Miss 
 Mary V. Hull Oct. 31, 1865. She 
 was born in Hampshire Co., Vt., July 
 3, 1847 ; has four children living — 
 Henry N., born April 16, 1867 ; Lucy, 
 A., July 26, 1869 ; Frank L., March 3, 
 1872; Carrie A., June 6, 1874. Owns 
 180 acres, valued at $5,000 ; principal 
 product corn and small grain ; is a Re- 
 publican. 
 
 Funk John, far. ; S. 3 ; P. O. Edgewood. 
 
 Funk Joseph, far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 GIFFORD, D. H. lab.; S. 2 ; P. 0. 
 Edgewood. 
 
 Gilford W. H. lab.; S. 2; Edgewood. 
 
 CiJRAHAM JOHN F. Farmer; S. 
 17 ; P. 0. Munchester ; born in Picton 
 City,Nova Scotia, Sept. 12, 1847. He em- 
 igrated to this county with his parents in 
 ly58, and settled on his present farm, 
 consisting of 130 acres of the old 
 homestead, worth $4,000. He married 
 Ardelle Warnock June 12, 1874. She 
 was born in Grant Co., Wis., Nov. 2, 
 1850. They are members of the M. E. 
 Church. May D., born June 12, 1875, 
 is their only child. Republican. 
 
 Graham W. E. far. ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 6 
 
656 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Griffith E. wagon maker at York. P. 0. 
 
 Edgewood. 
 Grow C. A. far. ; Sec. 2(5; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 HAMAN L. P. farmer; Sec. 10; P. 
 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Hamman W. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. P]dgewood. 
 
 Harinan h. P. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Hatticld N. far. ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Hatfield M. far. ; S. 12; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Heyer John, far. ; S.31 ; P.O.Manchester. 
 
 Hill E. H. tar ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Hill Francis, flir. ; S. 12; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Hitchcock G. N. farmer; Sec. 28; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Hitchcock R. A. farmer ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 HITCHCOCK R. O. Farmer ; Sec. 
 28 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Or- 
 leans Co., Vt., Oct. 17, 1823; in 1843 
 he moved to Jefferson Co., N. Y., and 
 in 184() went to New Haven, Conn. 
 Married Lucy E. Nelson April 29, 
 1 849 ; she was born in Warrensburg, 
 Warren Co., N. Y., .iug. 24, 1822. 
 They moved to Jefferson Co., N. Y., 
 and March 19, 1855, emigrated to 
 Dubuque Co., Iowa, and in 1863 he 
 came to this Co., settling on his present 
 farm of 180 acres, valued at Si(i,000. 
 Esther C, born April 7, 1850 ; George 
 N., Dec. 20, 1851 ; Rienzi A., Nov. 12, 
 1853; Florence J., Sept. 30, 1856; 
 Edith E., Sept. 30, 1859; Charles A., 
 Dec. 2, 1861; Laura, July 10, 1868, 
 are their children. 
 
 Holcomb 0. far. ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Hubbell A. D. far.; S. 14; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Hubbell Lewis, far.; S. 14; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Hubbell Lyman, renter ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Hubbell S. V. for.; S. 25 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Huene 0. E. farmer ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Edge- 
 wood. 
 
 INGEUSOL J. H. farmer); Sec. 12; P. 
 0. Greeley. 
 JAMES HENRY, farmer; Sec. 8 ; P. 
 0. Edgewood. 
 
 James T. J. far.; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Jarrard E. rent.; S. 17; P. O. Manchester. 
 
 JOHNSON WAI.I.ACE, Farm 
 er; Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Manchester; born 
 in Erie Co., N. Y., April 13, 1827. 
 He married Sophronia Harwood Nov. 
 18. 1848 ; she was born Sept. 16, 1826, 
 and died Feb. 12, 1871. They settled 
 in this township in 1856. Stephen, 
 
 Edwin, Hiram and Monroe are their 
 children. He married his second wife, 
 Susan Butler, Jan. 1,1872; she was 
 born in Cortland Co., N. Y., July 4^ 
 1827. Her youngest son, Alvin, by 
 first husband, resides with them. 
 
 KEITH G. W. farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 
 0. Manchester. 
 Kellogg C. lab.; S. 23 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 LASH H. renter; Sec. 15; P. 0- 
 Edgewood. 
 La^h John, far.; Sec. 9; P. 0. Edeewood. 
 Lathrop Ellis, far.; S. 15; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 li ATHRO P W I L. L I A M H. 
 
 Farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. P^dgewood ;, 
 born in Hampden Co., Mass., April 22, 
 1808. With his parents he moved to- 
 Ontario Co., N. Y., at the age of 10 
 years, and at 21 years old he moved to 
 Erie County, N. Y. Here he married 
 Loui.-a Hatch April 1, 1834 ; she was 
 born in Orange, Vt., Jan. 1, 1801. Mr. 
 L. came to this county at an early day,, 
 settling on his present farm of 101 acres, 
 valued at $4,000. Children— Nancy 
 E., born Jan. 22,1835; William H. 
 Jan 14, 1837; Samuel H., May 12 
 1839; George B., Dec. 25, 1842 
 Charles R., March 19, 1847 ; Alfred B 
 July 19, 1849; E. M., Oct. 2, 1851 
 Lucy E., Oct. 23, 1840, and died June 
 9, 1842; Jonathan, born Oct. 9, 1844, 
 and died April 1, 1846. 
 
 Lewis R. far. ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Loban A. far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Loban W. S. far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 MCCORMICK J. farmer; Sec. 31; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 McGarvey A. farmer ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Edge- 
 wood. 
 McOARVEY ANDREW X, 
 
 Farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Edgewood ; born 
 Chenango Co., N. Y., Jan. 16, 1843 ; 
 in same year, his parents emigrated to 
 Dubuque Co., Iowa, where they remained 
 until 1853 ; then settling in this county, 
 he married Alice Farr Sept. 16, 1874; 
 she was born in De Kalb Co., 111. Dec. 
 25, 1849. 
 
 McKee A. D. farmer ; S. 16 ; P. O. Man- 
 cncstGr 
 
 McKEE APPLETON C. Farm- 
 er; Sec. 19; P.O. Manchester; born 
 in Sackett's Harbor, Jefferson Co., N. 
 Y., Aug. 24,1830; in 1848, he emi- 
 grated to this State and settled in Jack- 
 
HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 657 
 
 son Co., and the same year, going to 
 Dubuque Co., and settling near Tivoli ; 
 he married Luzina H. Smith Oct. 17, 
 1855 ; she was born in Marion, Wayne 
 Co., N. Y., Dec. 13, 1835 ; in 1866, 
 they came to this county, where he has 
 mide it his home since. Clara, born 
 Nov. 16, 1856 ; Edward, Feb. 26, 
 1858 ; Ella, Sept. 4, 1860 ; Dora, Sept. 
 19, 1863; LiUie May, Feb. 28, 1869; 
 Clark A., Feb. 4, 1871 ; Watson S., 
 x\pril 8, 1876, are their children. 
 
 HcKEE TRUMAW R. Farmer; 
 Sec. 2U ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
 Jefferson Co., N. Y., May 17, 1828 ; in 
 1856, he emigrated to this State, first 
 settling in Dubuque Co., and in 1859, 
 he came to this county, settling on his 
 present farm of 120 acres, worth $6,- 
 000 ; married Frances Jarrad Jan. 1, 
 1857 ; she was born in Erie Co., Pa., 
 June 7, 1835. Mr. McKee enlisted in 
 the 12th la. V. I., as Drum Major, in 
 1861, and was in the battles of Donel- 
 son and Shiloh, and was discharged after 
 the last-named battle His lather, Mar- 
 vin McKee, was born Dec. 14, 1794; in 
 Connecticut, and died Jan. 12, 1865 ; 
 his mother was b:>rn Jan. 14, 1796, in 
 Vermont, and died April 9, 1863. 
 
 Madison W. C. far. ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Edge- 
 wood. 
 
 MAEWXEI. HENRY, Farmer; 
 Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
 Philadelphia July 10, 1845, where he 
 was engaged with his father in the silk 
 importing trade ; in 1 874, he emigrated 
 to Woodbury Co., Iowa, where he re- 
 mained until 1876 ; June 6, 1876, mar- 
 ried Jane Martin, who was born in Del- 
 aware Co., Iowa, Jan. 15, 1854. He 
 settled on his present farm in October, 
 1877. Elsie A., born April 19, 1877, 
 is their only child. 
 
 MALLORY ALVADOR H. 
 
 Farmer; Sees. 18 and 19 ; P. 0. For- 
 estville ; born in Allegany Co., N. Y., 
 May 17, 1829; in February, 1838, he 
 came with his parents and settled in 
 Clayton Co., Iowa, where he married 
 Rebecca M. Cuppett, March 24, 1853 ; 
 she was born in Bedford Co., Pa., May 
 10, 1835. Mary E., born Feb. 8, 1854 ; 
 David L.jborn Jan. 1, 1856 ; Henry H., 
 Feb. 20, 1860; William A., Feb. 10, 
 1862; Andrew J., July 19, 1864; 
 
 Grant T., July 9, 1866, and Ammie B. 
 Aug. 2, 1869, are the names and births 
 of their children. They settled on their 
 present farm in the Spring of 1870 ; it 
 consists of 160 acres, worth $5,000. 
 Republican ; himself and wife belong to 
 the M. E. Church. 
 
 MARTIN C;EOR<i}E W. Farmer; 
 8ec. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
 Champaign Co., Ohio, May 22, 1838; 
 in 1845, he, with his parents, emigrated 
 to this county, settling on his present 
 farm of 470 acres ; well improved, 
 worth $18,000. His father was born 
 in Clark Co., Virginia, May 16, 1800. 
 His mother was born in Franklin Co., 
 Virginia, on South Branch of Potomac 
 River, near the foot of the v Alleghany 
 Mountains, May 8, 1801. His father 
 died recently. His mother is still living, 
 and many incidents relative to the early 
 settlers of this county are related by 
 her and for which the historian is in- 
 debted. Mr. Geo. W. M. was married 
 to Mary Ann Scribin Nov. 10, 1860 ; 
 have four children living — Mary R., 
 born Sept. 27, 1861; Ulysses, Nov. 14, 
 1863 ; Lillian, Jan. 17, 1865; Geo. S., 
 Nov. 15, 1876. Lost one child, died 
 in infancy. 
 
 MARTIN JAMES, Farmer; Sec. 
 32; P. 0. Manchester; born in Cham- 
 paign Co., Ohio, July 11. 18jI6 ; came 
 to this county with his parents in the 
 Fall of 1845 ; married Mary Ann LeLa- 
 cheur July 24, 1851. She was born 
 in Prince Edward's Island May 22, 
 1828; has five children living — Wm. 
 H., born April 22, 1852 ; Jennie E., 
 Jan. 15, 1854; Windsor, Dec. 17, 
 1855; Delevan, March 19, 1858; 
 Nancy A., May 14, 1860 ; owns 200 
 acres, valued at $7^,000 ; has held the 
 ofiice of School Director for ten years ; 
 is a Republican. 
 
 Martin Windsor, farmer; Sec. 32; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Martin Wm. farmer; Sec. 28; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Mason P. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Mellen H. H. farmer; Sec. 4 ;" P. 0. 
 P]dgewood. 
 
 Mellen M. flir, ; S. 4 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Miller A. farmer ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Edge- 
 wood. 
 
 Miller J. far. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
658 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 
 
 Minkler D. C. farmer ; Sec. 10; P.O. 
 Ed;zewi)od. 
 
 Minkler R. farmer; Sec. 10; P. 0, 
 Edge wood. 
 
 MoiTis C. farmer; Sec. 16; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 ^TICHULS E. farmer; Sec. 18; P. 
 
 J^ 0. Manchester. 
 
 Nichols, N. farmer ; Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Man- 
 
 NICHOLS N. R. Deceased; born in 
 Utica, N. Y., Jan. 16, 1824; in 1844 
 he moved to Huron Co., Ohio; he 
 graduated at Oberlin College, after 
 which he taught school, and at the same 
 time studied for the ministry ; his 
 health failing compelled him to abandon 
 this calling ; married Mary Nichols Aug. 
 20, 1849, who was born in Chautauqua 
 Co., N. Y., Aug. 3, 1830 ; they emi- 
 grated to this county, and IMarch 13, 
 
 1857, settled on their present farm in 
 Sec. 18, consistins of 140 acres, and 
 where Mr. N. dted March 15, 1864. 
 Newell A., born March 31, 1851 ; Eu- 
 gene L., Feb. 21. 1853; May, Dec. 16, 
 
 1858, are the living children. Charles, 
 born Dec. 8, 1860, and died March 18, 
 1862 ; Hattie, born Feb. 14. 1862, died 
 July 24, 1863. The P. 0. address is 
 Manchester. 
 
 Noble B. far. ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 XOBLE DERASTUS J. Far ; 
 
 Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Edgewood ; born in Ontario 
 Co., N. Y., March 29, 1826; emigrated 
 with parents to this county in 1845, 
 settling on his present farm of 220 acres 
 valued at $8,000 ; married Eliza J. 
 Rees July 20, 1851 ; she was born in 
 Monroe Co., Pa., July 18, 1830. Eliza, 
 born April 8, 1852 ; Lolee, Dec. 4, 
 1855 ; Jessie R., Feb. 14, 1857 ; Hattie, 
 Feb. 26, 1862 ; Mary, Aug. 2, 1874 ; 
 a pair of twins died in infancy. His 
 father is now 81 years old and blind ; 
 resides with his son. 
 NOBLE O. E. Farmer; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
 Edgewood ; born in Ontario Co., N. Y., 
 Feb. 5, 1828; in 1845, he, with his 
 parents, emigrated to this county, settling 
 where he now lives, on a fai'm of 140 
 acres worth $4,500 ; married Hannah 
 Kellon Sept. 13, 1859. She was born 
 in Livingston Co., N. Y., May 19, 1836. 
 Mr. Noble has been the Surveyor of 
 this township for the past six years. 
 
 Has held the office of Justice of the 
 Peace. Ben. T., born Jan. 10, 1861 ; 
 S. J., April 28, 1868 ; Carrie May, 
 Jan. 8, 1872 ; Charles A., April 20, 
 1863, died June 5, 1864 ; Bertie E., 
 April 20, 1865, died June 25, 1866. 
 
 Noble T. farmer ; Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 PARKER WILLIAM, Farmer ; 
 Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
 Canada, May 13, 1828. In 1844, he 
 emigrated to Lee Co., 111., and in 1855 
 to this county, and settled on his present 
 farm consisting of 160 acres, worth 
 $6,000. He married Lucretia T. Lara- 
 bee March 13, 1858 ; she was born in 
 Bradford Co., Pa., Dec. 8, 1840 ; they 
 are both members of the M. E. Church. 
 Francis M., born Feb. 24, 1859, is their 
 only child. 
 
 PAULI JOSEPH, former ; Sec. 3 ; P. 
 O. f]dgewood. 
 Peet C. T. farmer ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 Peet T. B. far.; S. 12; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 Peet S. R. far. ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 Peet S. for. ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 Phelps J. renter ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 PL ATT SEYMOUR, Farmer; 
 
 Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Pogue James, far. ; S. 9 ; P. O. Edgewood. 
 Pratt L. A. renter ; S. 10 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 ROBERTSON J. B. farmer ; Sec. 32 ; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 REID J. H. Farmer ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester ; born in Clarion Co., Pa., 
 March 9, 1847 ; came to Jefferson Co., 
 Pa., with parents, at the age of 4 years ; 
 came to this county and settled at Delhi 
 in the Spring of 1860; married Miss 
 Lydia J. Lee Oct. 28, 1866 ; has three 
 children— J. M., born Sept. 16, 1867 ; 
 Prudence H., Dec. 9, 1868; Wm. P., 
 March 4, 1871 ; enlisted in 1862 in Co. 
 — 21st I. V. I. ; participated in the 
 battles of Fort Fisher, Magnolia Hill, 
 charge at Black River, charge at seige of 
 Vicksburg, and was mustered out June 
 15, 1865. 
 
 Robison Jas. H.far. ; S. 15 ; P.O. Greeley. 
 
 RobivSon John, far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Robison J. P. farmer ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
 Greeley. 
 
 Rodka Chas. far. ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Rodka F. laborer; S. 9 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Ryan Henry, far. ; S. 10 ; P.O. Edgewood. 
 
 SCHACHERER J. former; Sec. 3 ; P. 
 O. Edgewood. 
 
HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 659 
 
 Schacherer John, far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Edge- 
 wood. 
 
 Schmock John, renter ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Scovill N. S.far. ; S. 4 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 SCRIVEN JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 
 
 |4i, 22 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Brad- 
 ford Co., Pa., June 7, 1834. In 1850, 
 he emigrated with parents and settled in 
 Lee Co., 111., and in 1853, he, with 
 parents, settled in Richland Tp. of this 
 county, where he married Rosella Bliss 
 May 17, 1857. She was born in Win- 
 nebago Co., 111., March 16, 1840. 
 Charles C, born January 29, 1859, is 
 their only living child. Have two 
 children deceased — Stephen A., born 
 March 8, 1862, and died Dec. 12, 1863 ; 
 Minnie P., born March 7, 1874, and 
 died January 31, 1878. Her mother 
 was born April 27, 1804, and was struck 
 by liiihtning and instantly killed March 
 25, 1852. 
 
 Seward G. W., far.; Sec. 11 ; P. O. Edge- 
 wood. 
 
 Sharp Robt., far.; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Sheldon F. J., laborer; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Shultz H., far.; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Shultz J., far. ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Smith A. W.,far.; Sec. 11 ; P.O. Edgewood. 
 
 Smith D., far.; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Smith D., farmer; Sec. 13; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Smith H., farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 NNOVER GEORfi^E S., Farmer; 
 Sec. 22, P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
 Sussex Co., N. J., Aug. 1, 1830. 
 In the Fall of 1851, he moved to Lu- 
 zerne Co., Pa.; married Delilah Smith 
 Oct. 15, 1853. She was born in 
 Luzerne Co., Pa., Sept. 30, 1837. In 
 185(), they emigrated to Clayton, la., 
 and after nine years came to this county, 
 settling on his present farm of 200 acres, 
 worth ^8,000. Hulda J., born Sept. 6, 
 1856; John W., January 30, 1860; 
 George, Feb. 26, 1864; William B., 
 Aug. 2, 1866 ; Harriet L., Sept. 30, 
 1868. Three of their children died 
 when quite young. 
 
 Steele H. G. laborer ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Steele 0. S. laborer ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Steele R. A. far. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 STEELE R. N. Retired Farmer; 
 Edgewood ; born in Ontario Co., N. Y., 
 Oct. 8, 1815, where he married Eliza- 
 beth A. Alger Oct. 8, 1837. She was 
 
 born April 27, 1816 ; have four children 
 living — John N., born Aug. 3, 1838; 
 Josiah,born Oct. 2, 1847 ; Martha Jane, 
 born Aug., 18, 1849; Ralsa A., born 
 Aug. 2, 1853. Have lost four children 
 —Elizabeth, born Nov. 28, 1839, died 
 July 9, 1872 ; Hiram E., born May 22, 
 1842, died Nov. 8, 1872; Marcus C, 
 born June 12, 1845, died July 13, 
 1846, and one child died in infancy. 
 Mr. S, is the oldest old settler in the 
 township, coming to this county in 1843, 
 and settled on the farm which he now 
 owns on S. 1, in this township, consist- 
 ing of 200 acres, worth $8,000. Re- 
 publican. His wife is a member of the 
 Congregational Church. Hiram E. 
 Steele was a member of Co. C, First 
 Battalion 13th U. S. Inf., under Gen. 
 Sherman. Engaged in the battles of 
 Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Pust, Black 
 Bayou, Champion Hill, Black River, 
 siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Mission 
 Ridge, Collierville. 
 
 Steers C. C. blacksmith; Edgewood. 
 
 Stortz J. renter ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Stortz L. S. rtr. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Stortz, T. F. rtr. ; S. 26 ; P. O. Manchester. 
 
 Stortz W. M. rtr. ; S. 26 ; P. O. Manchester. 
 
 Strong A. A. far. ; S. 14; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 TAYLOR F. renter.; S. 11; P. 0. 
 Edgewood. 
 
 Tellyer S. E. far. ; S. 10; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Tillett D. renter; S. 27 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Tillett Geo. far.; S. 30; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 THORNBURG ». H. Farmer ; Sec. 
 31 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Cham- 
 paign Co., Ohio, July 12, 1819 ; moved 
 to this county in 1841 ; married Miss 
 Nancy A. Martin April 4, 1844; she 
 was born July 1, 1828, in Champaign 
 Co., Ohio ; has four children living — 
 Sarah A., born Nov. 5, 1846; George 
 W., March 17, 1849 ; Samuel K., July 
 26, 1852 ; Mary J., Feb. 4, 1855 ; two 
 deceased — William H., born Feb. 4, 
 1845, died Oct. 2, of the same year; 
 Lois E., born Sept. 10, 1858, was killed 
 by the kick of a horse April 6, 1871 ; 
 owns 286 acres of land, valued at 
 $11,000 ; Mr. T. is a cripple, the result 
 of malpractice of physicians in setting 
 a dislocation caused by being thrown 
 from a horse ; Republican. 
 
 Thornburg Geo. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. ■ 
 
660 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Thornbuig L. H. farmer; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Thurnlnirg S. for.; S. 31 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Tubbs A ' F. far. ; S. lli ; P. 0. Edt-ewuod. 
 
 VAX SICKLE R. Proprietor of 
 Farmers' Inn, in the village of 
 York ; P. 0. Edgewood ; born in Ca- 
 yuga Co., N. Y., May 10, 1805; in 
 1831, he moved to Livingston Co., N. 
 Y., where he married Jane Eldridge 
 Jan. 3, 1833 ; she died in 1839 ; he emi- 
 grated to the West in 1830, where he 
 followed milling, traveling through dif- 
 ferent States, and in 1860, he opened 
 the hotel at York, formerly called the 
 Exchange ; but in a few years after, sold 
 out and in 1875, bought the old stand 
 where he now lives ; he married for his 
 second wife Mary E. Crawford Oct. 15, 
 1871 ; she was born in Montreal, Can- 
 ada ; Harry and Hegbert are his chil- 
 dren by first wife. 
 
 WANDELL H. W. Sec. 5, P. 0. 
 Edgewood. 
 
 Warner C. rtr. ; S. ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Warner R. farmer ; S. 6 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Warnock F. far. ; S. 13; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Warnoek W. C. creamery; S. 18 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Watson L. far. ; S. 35 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Watt Wilson, renter; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Way Elias, farmer ; S. 24 ; P. O. Greeley. 
 
 Way N. farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Way R. M. C. far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 WELIiS CHARIiES, Farmer; 
 Sec. 12 ; P.O. Edgewood; owns 100 
 acres in Richland Tp. and 80 in Honey 
 Creek ; was born in Cortland Co. N. Y., 
 Dec. 21, 1842 ; was a graduate of the 
 Junior Class at Oberlin College in 1862; 
 came to this county in 1865 ; has been 
 a teacher five years in New York. Ohio, 
 Indiana and Illinois ; is in politics, a 
 Democrat. 
 
 WHE ATL.E Y C H A R li E S , 
 
 Farmer; Sec 19; P.O. Manchester; 
 born in Westbeach, England July 28, 
 1834 ; he married Elizabeth Goodger 
 May 25, 1853 ; she was born in England 
 Oct. 11, 1832 ; they emigrated to the U. 
 S. in 1853, first settlingin Monroe Co., N. 
 Y. ; in 1855, they went to Canada, 
 where they remained eleven months, 
 then returning and settling in Summit 
 Co., Ohio; in 1864, he emigrated to 
 Dubuque Co., Iowa, and in 1873, settled 
 in this county. Jane E., born Aug. 23, 
 1856; William H., May 27. 1864; 
 Sarah E., Sept 7, 1867, are the names 
 and births of their children ; Republi- 
 can ; they belong to the M. E. Church. 
 
 White Chas. farmer; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Wendell C, far. ; S.32; P.O.Manchester. 
 
 Wickham B. T. laborer ; Edgewood. 
 
 Williams Wm. rtr.; S. 36 ; P. 0. Greeley. 
 
 Winsor H. F. fir. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Woolf Val. far. ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Edgewood. 
 
 Wood L. far.; S. 35 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 COFFIN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ADAMS D. farmer ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 Adams J. far.; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 AIXOCK ALEXANDER G. 
 
 Brick Maker ; P. 0. Masonville ; born 
 in Wayne Co., N. Y., Sept. 8, 1824 ; 
 moved to Illinois in 1840, and to this 
 county iiep. 15, 1854. IMarried Elmira 
 Zerfass Dec. 4, 1855 ; she was born in 
 Tompkins Co., N. Y., Aug. 23, 1839 ; 
 have five children — Jerome, born Jan. 
 2, 1857; M(nroe, January 17, 1859; 
 Maryetta, Sept. 27,1801 ; George, Jan. 
 11, 1864; Martha, Nov. 27, 1806. 
 Mr. A. started the first brick yard in 
 
 this township. The house in which he 
 lived was built by driving popple poles 
 in the ground, and then weaving willows 
 in around the poles. The roof was of 
 hay, and for many years their house 
 was called the Willow Dale. Republi- 
 can ; Wesleyan Methodist. 
 
 Alcock R. farmer; S. 10; P. 0. Manches- 
 ter. 
 
 Akock K. B. farmer; Sec. 30; P. O. 
 Masonville. 
 
 Alderman W. W. farmer ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
 Masonville. 
 
 BABCOCK HENRY, farmer; Sec. 
 28 ; ]\ 0. Masonville. 
 
COFFIN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 661 
 
 BABCOCK CHAS. H. Farmer ; | 
 Sec. 20; P. 0. Masonville ; born in I 
 Boone Co., 111., Jan. 1, 1842 ; came i 
 with parents, at the age of 2 years, to ! 
 Allamakee Co., Iowa, where they re- 
 mained until 1859. at which time he ! 
 went to Ohio, and Oct. 8, 1861, he en- \ 
 listed in Co. F, 43d Ohio Infantry, 
 and served three years; then re-en- | 
 listed as a veteran, and served until | 
 Nov. 28, 1861. During his army life I 
 ho participated in many hard engage- 
 ments, one of them being the battle of 
 €orinth. He married Miss Adaline 
 Tisdale March 17, 1867 ; sh-e was born 
 March 17, 1842, in Erie Co., N. Y. ; 
 have four children — Alvah L., born 
 Aug. 26, 1868; Minnie L., born Jan. 
 27,"l87U; Charles H., born Aug. 11, 
 1873 ; Servia E., born March 31, 1876. 
 Mr. B. owns 166 acres of land, well im- 
 proved, worth $6,000. Grain and stock 
 raiser. Mr B. is at present School Di- 
 rector ; Republican. 
 Babcock W. G. farmer; Sec. 28; P. 0. 
 
 Masonville. 
 Baird C. [. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. O. Mason- 
 ville. 
 BAKER HEJTRY, Farmer; Sec. 
 22 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born near Al- 
 bany, N. Y., Feb. 20, 1814; he moved 
 with his father, at the age of 3 years, to 
 Oneida Co., N. Y., where they remained 
 until he was 9 years old, then coming to 
 Oakland Co., Mich. ; there he remained 
 until the age of 20 years, when he 
 moved to Lenawee Co., Mich. He mar- 
 ried Elizabeth W. Coffin June 10, 1840 ; 
 she was born in Manchester in 1816. 
 Mr. B. came to this county in June, 
 1841, and settled where he now lives ; at 
 that time there was but four families 
 living in the township ; they have one 
 child living — Susan, born June 6, 1849 ; 
 three children deceasi'd — Susan, died 
 April 1, 1849; Edwin, died Aug. 29, 
 1846, at the iigeof 4 years and 7 months, 
 and John, died Oct. 1, 1846, at the age 
 of 2 years and 4 months. Mr. Boker's 
 wife died Dec. 15, 1849, leaving him 
 and his infant daughter, Susan, alone ; 
 she is now married and living in Kansas. 
 Mr. Boker owns 572 acres of land, well 
 improved, worth $50 per acre ; principal 
 product, stock raising. Mr. Boker is 
 the verv oldest settler that is still living 
 
 in Coffin's Grove Tp. ; he has been Jus- 
 tice of the Peace ten years ; Democrat. 
 
 Beal Seth, ftir. ; See. 34 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Beal Bernard, farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Beaver Lyman R. farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. O. 
 Masonville. 
 
 Beaver Robert L. renter ; Sec. 27 ; P. O. 
 Masonville. 
 
 Bucklin Austin, farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
 Masonville. 
 
 Bucklin J. C. far. ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Mason- 
 ville. 
 
 Burk David, proprietor Masonville Flour- 
 ing-mills. 
 
 Burk James, merchant ; Masonville. 
 
 Bush Geo. renter ; Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Mason 
 ville. 
 
 C^AMP ALFRED, laborer; Sec. 27; 
 J P. 0. Masonville. 
 
 Carpenter Wm. farmer ; Sec. 24 ; P. O. 
 Manchester. 
 
 CHAPMAN H. p. Farmer; Sec. 
 36; P. 0. Manchester; born in Dover, 
 N. H., Aug. 6, 1833 ; married Jane E. 
 Furbosh Jan. 1, 1860 ; she was born in 
 York Co., Maine, Feb. 2, 1838 ; have 
 two children living — Charles T., born 
 March 19, 1865, and Fred. E., born 
 Sept. 19, 1868 ; lost one child- 
 Eddie H., born Aug. 5, 1863, died Oct. 
 17, 1864. Mr. Chapman came to this 
 county April 15, 1864; owns 209 acres 
 of land, worth $30 per acre ; he carries 
 on the dairying business and stock rais- 
 ing to a large extent ; Republican. 
 
 Childs N. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. O. Masonville. 
 
 Coleson J. B. butcher ; Masonville. 
 
 Cormick H. 0. blacksmith ; Masonville. 
 
 Cormick William, laborer ; P.O. Mason- 
 ville. 
 
 CONVERSE I.ORENZO D. 
 Farmer ; Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Masonville; born 
 April 24, 1817 ; married Mary E. Rock- 
 well ; she was born in Erie Co., N. Y., 
 Dec. 24, 1824; has four children — 
 Samuel W., born Nov. 28, 1845 ; Alon- 
 zo, Sept. 16, 1851 ; Ida, Nov. 2, 1859 ; 
 Belloria, Dec. 3,1866 ; Mrs. C.'s father, 
 Horace Rockwell, was born in 1783 ; 
 her mother's maiden name was Hannah 
 Chase, born in old Utica, N. Y. Mr. 
 C. came to this county in 1873. 
 
 Corney John, lab. ; P. 0. Masonville. 
 
 Cook E. far. ; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Manches- 
 ter. 
 
662 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 Cook Malconib, farmer ; Sec. 15; P.O. 
 31 ii richest er. 
 
 COOK WILLIAM, Farmer ; Sec. 
 1 1 ; P. O. Manchester ; born in Notting- 
 hamshire, Eng., March 6, 1825; he 
 married Mary Ann Frow Sept. 1-1:,1846 ; 
 she was born in Sheffield. Eng., June 7, 
 1828; have one adopted child, Edwin 
 Cook, born in Delaware Co., la., April 
 11, 1851 ; Mr. Cook emigrated to the 
 U. S. of America, Aug. 29, 1849, and 
 came to St. Charles, 111., where they 
 lived four years, and in 1853, they came 
 to this county and settled where they 
 now live; he owns 160 acres of land, 
 well improved, worth $5,000 ; principal 
 product, grain and stock raising. Mr. 
 C. has held the office of School Director 
 and Assessor a number of terms ; reli- 
 gion, Free-Will Baptist ; politics, Demo- 
 crat. 
 
 Curtis Henry, lab.; P. 0. Masonville. 
 
 Davis C. G., renter ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Mason- 
 ville. 
 
 I>A VIS D. N. Farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 
 O. Masonville ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y., 
 June 22, 1832. Married Mirah M. 
 Sterling, born in Canada, Parish of 
 Bath, May 3, 1835 ; moved to this 
 county May 25, 1854 ; has nine chil- 
 dren living — Flora, born Nov. 25, 1854 ; 
 Ida, born Aug. 21, 1856, (deceased); 
 Mason, born May 12, 1858; Carrie, 
 born Aug. 18, 1860; Bertha, born Feb. 
 8, 1862 j Emeroy, Dec. 20, 1863; Mary 
 born May 27, 1866; Olia, born April 
 17, 1868 ; Chnton, born May 14, 1870 ; 
 Perry, born May 24, 1872 ; owns 120 
 acres of land valued at 84,000. 
 
 DAVIS EDWIN, Farmer, Sec. 28 ; 
 P.O. Masonville ; born in Hartford, Conn., 
 April 4, 1830, where he remained till 
 6 years of age, moving with his par- 
 ents to Erie Co., Ohio, where he re- 
 mained till he was 23 years old ; mar- 
 ried Sarah Ann Ferris March 20, 1853. 
 She was born Feb. 10, 1834, and died 
 Jan. 31, 1874; has by this marriage 
 three children living — Leora M., born 
 Jan. 2, 1864 ; Nelson E., July 10, 1863 ; 
 Charles H., June 21, 1857 ; married 
 Miss Moline C. Kenyon Jan. 3, 1875. 
 She was born in Canada Jan. 3, 1855; 
 they have one child — Henry E., born 
 Oct. 26, 1875. Mr. D. came to this 
 county April 11. 1854. and -settled 
 
 where he now lives ; he erected the first 
 building on his farm in 1854, which was 
 a log house ; he now owns 360 acred of 
 land, all in a high state of cultivation, 
 worth SI 5,000 ; is an extensive dealer 
 in and raiser of fine-bred stock. 
 
 Davis G. W., renter ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Mason- 
 ville. 
 
 Dreskel, John, laborer, P. O. Masonville. 
 
 DUNN MARGARET MRS. 
 
 Farmer ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Manchesti^r ; 
 born in Canada, June 18, 1836. She 
 married James Kelley Sept. 17, 1852; 
 he died Oct. 1. 1865. Have four chil- 
 dren — John H. Kelley, born July 7, 
 1855; William J., Sept. 17, 1857; 
 Mary, Dec. 20, 1859; Kate, April 14, 
 1862. She marri(^d her second husband, 
 Matthew Dunn, June 23, 1867. Have 
 one child by last husband ; Hattie, boro 
 June 18, 1868. She moved to thia 
 county June 24, 1867, and settled where 
 she now lives ; she owns 58 acres of 
 land, worth $1,500 ; principal products, 
 stock and grain. 
 TpATON; farmer; P. O. Masonville. 
 
 Evans J. for.; S. 16 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 FARRELL W. E. wagon maker, Ma- 
 sonville. 
 GAFFANY PHILLIP, farmer ; Sec. 
 10; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Gibbons F. D. laborer ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Gillispie J. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Graiifield J. farmer; S. 4 ; P. 0. Manches- 
 ter. 
 
 GRIFFIN BYRON, Lumber and 
 Stock Buyer, Masonville ; born in Mad- 
 ison County, New York, February 4, 
 1840; at the age of 22 years moved 
 to Waukesha County, Wis., where he 
 remained until he was 18 years of 
 age ; went to St. Louis and remained 
 three years, then went to Montana, where 
 he was engaged in mining ; came to this 
 Co. May 1870. Married Miss Mary J. 
 Daily Feb. 21, 1872 ; she was born Nor., 
 1850 ; has two children — C. K., bora 
 Sept. 5, 1874 ; unnamed infant, Jan. 9, 
 1878. Mr. G. came to this ('o. with 
 limited means, but by honest dealing and 
 careful management, now ranks as one 
 of the leading men of the village. 
 
 Griffin F. S. grain dlr ; Masonville. 
 
 HAINER CHARLES, laborer ; See. 
 30 : P. O. Masonville. 
 
COFFIN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 663 
 
 Hainer S. H. renter ; Sec. 30 ; P. O. Ma- 
 
 sonville. 
 Hammading H. lab. ; P. 0. Masonville. 
 Hamniond J. P. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P. 
 
 Mancliester. 
 Harris F. S. creamery ; Sec. 28 ; P. 
 
 Masonville. 
 HARRII^ REUBEN P. Farmer, 
 Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Masonville ; born in 
 Warren. Co., N. Y., Jan. 21, 1824; 
 lived there until 1(1 years of age, and 
 moved with his parents to Washington 
 Co., N. Y., where he remained until 21 
 years of age, when he came to Wiscon- 
 sin and settled in Walworth County, 
 working for one man six years. Mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Seymour April 10. 1851, 
 in Baraboo, Wisconsin ; have one child 
 —Frank, born March 10, 1853. Mr. 
 Har^;is came to Delaware County July 
 14, 1869, and settled where he now has 
 121 i acres, valued at ^7,000; he has 
 on his place a very beautiful fruit or- 
 chard, which is quite an uncommon thing 
 for this section of Iowa. In connection 
 with farming, Mr. Harris' son carries on 
 a large creamery, being furnished with 
 milk from about 200 cows. 
 HARWOO]> <tJEO. I>R. Drug- 
 gist; P. 0. Masonville; born May 1, 
 1844, in the town of Macclesfield, 
 Cheshire, England ; he left England in 
 April, 1857, and after a perilous voy- 
 age around the Cape of Good Hope, 
 landed in Bombay, East India, August, 
 1857, and during the 1 .tter part of '57 
 and '58 endured all the hardships and 
 privations of the Indian mutiny ; he re- 
 sided in India until the Fall'of 1862, 
 and during that time visited the follow- 
 ing places of interest : Poona, Ahmed- 
 nugger, Kirkee, Calaba, Vengula, Bel- 
 ganon, Kurraeher, Kotree, Hydrabad, 
 Labors, Delhi, Lucknow, Cawnpore, 
 Patna, Calcutta, Madras, Ceylon and 
 .A^den ; on his return voyage to Eng- 
 land in 1863, he visited the Island of 
 St. Helena; shortly after his arrival in 
 England he married Miss C. Bennett, 
 daughter of Jno. Bennett, Kerridge 
 Bollington, Cheshire, England ; have 
 one Sun — Herbert B., born June 7, 1864. 
 On the 2d of October he left England 
 for Canada, and landed at Point Leve, 
 Oct. 17, 1873 ; resided in Toronto until 
 Sept. 20, 1875. when he brought his 
 
 family to Masonville, Iowa ; he entered 
 into partnership with W. E. Laurence, 
 in the drug business, March 1, 1877. 
 
 Hearn Matthew, far.; S.10.;P.O. Masonville. 
 
 Hilton Henry, far.; S. ; P. 0. Masonville. 
 
 JOHNSTON, JAMES G., Farm- 
 er ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Masonville ; born 
 in Pennsylvania July 27, 1811, where 
 he lived with parents till 18S7 ; married 
 Miss Phinella Junod ; she was born in 
 Philadelphia June 6, 1818; has twa 
 children living and four deceased. Mary 
 J., born Dec. 21, 1837, died Jan. 23, 
 1838; Thomas, born Oct. 23, 1841, 
 died Sept. 20, 1852 ; Rachel, born June 
 24, 1844; Edwin N., born Nov. 22, 
 1846, died Sept. 25,1852; Margaret, 
 born Jan. 1, 1840, died Nov. 11, 1841 • 
 Lindsey M. born June 8, 1856 ; came to 
 this county July 31. 1858 ; resided in 
 CoflSn's Grove for sixteen months prior to 
 purchasing the farm where he now lives ; 
 owns 82^ acres of land valued at $50 
 per acre ; principal product is <>:rain ; 
 Republican. 
 
 Jones Henry, far.; S. 33 ; P.O.Manchester. 
 
 KelleyC. M. far.; S. 28; P.O. Masonville. 
 
 Kelley Joseph, far. ; S.2 ; P.O. Manchester. 
 
 Lindsey W. B. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Manches 
 ter. 
 
 McBRIDE BETSY MRS. Far., 
 
 S. 35, P. 0. Manchester. Her husband, 
 James McBride died Jan. 18, 1876. 
 He was born in N. Y., May 31, 1804, 
 and came to this county in Jan. 1860. 
 Since his death his wife and son have 
 carried on the farm. Her maiden name 
 was Betsy Miller, born in Oneida Co., 
 N. Y., April 25, 1824 ; have six chil- 
 dren living — George W., born July 4, 
 1854; Lucy C, born Feb. 9, 1856; 
 Elizabeth, born April 11,1859 ; MaryA., 
 born Oct. 28, 1861; Grant E., born 
 Nov. 11, 1865; Cora P., born April 
 13, 1870; one child dead, born Feb. 
 26, 1852, died Jan. 20, 1852; owns 
 160 acres of land worth $5,600. Prin- 
 cipal products, stock raising. Mrs. 
 McBride's father was born in Stark 
 Co., N. Y., in 1784. Her mother's 
 maiden name was Mary Crill, born in 
 Stark Co., N. Y., 1790. 
 
 McBride J. C. farmer; Sec. 34; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 McBride George, farmer ; Sec. 36 : P. O. 
 Manchester. 
 
664 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 McGEE ISAAC, Farmer ; Sec. 23 ; 
 P. 0. Manchester ; born in Canada West- 
 March 24, 1820; married Miss Sarah 
 Smart Sept. 4, 1840; she was born in 
 Ireland May 19, 1827 ; have nine chil- 
 dren living — Isabel, burn July 3, 1847 ; 
 John, Nov. 10, 1848; George, April 
 19, 1850; William, Feb. 14, 1853; 
 Lillie, Sept. 7, 1855; Gage, Dec. 10, 
 1860; Irwin A., Jan. 21, 1863; Nellie 
 M., April 23, 1865 ; Austin, Aug. 25, 
 1868 ; one child deceased — Adelaide, 
 born July 4. 1857, died Oct. 5, 1862. 
 Mr. M. came to this county May 27, 
 1855, and settled where h(! now lives ; 
 owns 380 acres of land, worth ^12,000 ; 
 general farming and stock raising. He 
 has held the office of School Director 
 four years. 
 
 McGEE JOHIV, Farmer; Sec. 23 ; 
 P. Manchester ; born in Lawrence, 
 Canada, August 12, 1816; married 
 Miss Janet McMartin March 18, 1846; 
 she was born in Martintown, Can- 
 ada, June 10, 1827 ; have nine children 
 — Olive, born June 17, 1847 ; John, 
 Jan. 31, 1849 ; Isaac, March 21, 1851 ; 
 Sarah, May 22, 1853 ; Elizabeth, Sept. 
 2, 1855; Hannah, March 15, 1858; 
 Joseph H., Aug. 25, 1863; Oscar A., 
 Sept. 16, 1866 ; Berton E., April 4, 
 1872 ; one child deceased — Mary Ann, 
 born Feb. 2, 1861, died June 4, 1864. 
 Mr. McGee came here in June, 1854, 
 and settled in Coffin's Grove Tp., where 
 he now lives ; he owns 280 acres of land, 
 worth S9,000 ; his principal product is 
 grain and stock raising. 
 
 McGuire J. .sec. boss ; Masonville. 
 
 Marvin A. laborer ; Masonville. 
 
 Marvin Lorenzo, laborer ; Masonville. 
 
 Marvin Wm. renter; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Martin H. E. station agent ; Masonville. 
 
 MlNKIiER HARVEY, Farmer; 
 Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Masonville ; born in 
 Clinton Co., N. Y., in 1805 ; came to 
 Ohio, with parents, and settled in Geauga 
 Co., in 1816; married Miss Elizabeth 
 Ransom May 27, 1827, who w;is born 
 in Livingston Co., N. Y., May 27, 
 1810; they have three children — Eliz- 
 abeth J., born June 14, 1828, who 
 died Dec. 28, 1858; John R., Dec. 
 2, 1831, and C. V., Oct. 23, 1834; 
 besides their own three children, thir- 
 teen orphans have had their fatherly and 
 
 and motherly care and grown to man- 
 hood and womanhood under their roof; 
 Mr. Minkler's father was born in Con- 
 necticut in 1780 ; came to Delaware 
 Co. May 4, 1853, and settled where he 
 now lives, his nearest neighbor west 
 being eighteen miles; Mr. Minkler was 
 one of the first Trustees of Coffin's 
 Grove Township ; at that time there 
 were but fifteen voters in the township 
 and five of those were from under his 
 roof; he owns 125 acres of land, well 
 improved, worth $4,000 ; principal pro- 
 ducts, grain and stock raising ; he has 
 held nearly every office in the township 
 and has always been an active Republi- 
 can ; in 1862, he gained a permit from 
 Gen. Boker, of Clinton, Iowa, and 
 joined Co. F, of the 27th Regiment of 
 Iowa, mostly comprised of men from 
 Delawai'e Co. 
 
 MOHR DA^RflEL, Farmer; Sec. 
 24; P. 0. Manchester; born in Pa. 
 Sept. 3, 1823 ; he came, with parents, 
 at the age of 6 years, to Logan Co., 
 Ohio, where he remained until 1852; 
 he married Miss Mary Garber March 
 24, 1846 ; she was born in Augusta Co., 
 Va., Dec. 21, 1826 ; have seven chil- 
 dren living — Mary M., born March 26, 
 1847; Martin C, March 17,1849; 
 Nancy C, Aug. 11, 1851; John J., 
 Jan. 27, 1855 ; Louie, 1859 ; Lovina 
 A., Dec. 23, 1861 ; Mirth A., Sept. 28, 
 1866 ; have two children deceased — 
 Hannah Jane, born Aug. 15, 1853, 
 died Sept. 9, 1854; Isaac N., born May 
 23, 1857, died Nov. 6, 1873. Mr. 
 Mohr came to this county April 1, 
 1865, and settled where he now lives; 
 Mr. M. has been School Director four 
 terms ; he owns 160 acres of land, worth 
 $5,0(10 ; Republican ; Advent Christian. 
 
 HIOORE SEI.DON W. Farmer ; 
 Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Masonville ; born Feb. 
 22, 1820, in Hartford Co., Connecticut; 
 left, with parents, and came to Ashtabula 
 Co., Ohio, at the age of 15 years; 
 there he remained until 1859 ; then he 
 came to Ogle Co., 111., where he remained 
 until the Spring of 1863, then coming 
 to this county and settling where he 
 now lives; he married Mary A. Cotton 
 Nov. 6, 1 842 ; she was born in Addison 
 Co., Vt., June 28, 1818 ; have four chil- 
 dren living — Edison, born Nov. 10, 
 
COFFIN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 665 
 
 1843; Chastene J., Oct. 8, 1845; 
 Willis D., Aug. 8, 1849; Horace S. 
 Nov, (3, 1854 ; two deceased — Francis, 
 born Sept. 3, 1847, died Dec. 26, 1850 ; 
 Frank, born Jan. 1, 1852, died /Vpril 
 10, 1858 ; Mr. Moore owns 80 acres of 
 land worth $3,000 ; principal products, 
 grain and stock raiding ; Republican : 
 Wesleyan Methodist. 
 
 Morris P., flxr. ; S. 11 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Morris P. P. far. ; S. 1 1 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Morse E. E. rtr.; S. 28 ; P. 0. Masonville. 
 
 MORI^E JAMES A. Farmer ; S. 
 25 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Ver- 
 mont April 2, 1839 ; came to Delaware 
 Co. June, 1858. Married Angia A. 
 Roe March 16, 1862. She was born in 
 Berrien Co., Mich., Jan. 31, 1844. 
 Have two children — Luella A. Morse, 
 born Jan. 7, 1864; Lorena A. Morse, 
 born Nov. 25, 1871. Mr. Morse car- 
 ried on the livery business in Manches- 
 ter for a number of years, until about 
 four years ago, when he sold his busi- 
 ness and moved to where he liow lives. 
 He owns 106 acres of land, worth $35 
 per acre. His principal products are 
 stock raising and dairying. 
 
 Mulligan P. saloon ; Masonville. 
 
 "l^EW J. M. farmer; S. 30; P. O. 
 
 jJN Masonville. 
 
 Norton R. Postmaster ; Masonville. 
 
 QUINN EDWARD, laborer; Mason- 
 ville. 
 
 P 
 
 AGrE S. A. carpenter ; Masonville. 
 
 PERRY AMOS, Farmer ; S. 32 ; 
 P. 0. Masonville ; born in New York 
 April 9, 1834; moved with parents to 
 Illinois in 1835, and there he remained 
 until 1854, when he came to Delaware 
 Co., la., and on May 27, 1857, made it 
 his permanent home. He married Vio- 
 let Minkler Feb. 17, 1861. She was 
 born in Erie Co., 0., June 6, 1844; 
 have six children — Effie L., born Feb. 
 10, 1862; Edith A., born Nov. 12, 
 1866; Gertrude A., born March 4, 
 1868; Willard H., July 29, 1869; 
 Erne-st A., Dec. 18, 1871 ; and Lillian 
 E., July 30, 1873. Mr. Perry owns 
 672 acres of land, worth $25 per acre. 
 Mr. Perry enlisted in the 3d Iowa Bat- 
 tery Sept. 18, 1861 ; served two years 
 and re-enlisted, and v^as mustered out 
 Oct. 23, 1865. During his army life 
 
 he participated in several severe battles, 
 one of the hardest being the battle of 
 Pea Ridge Republican. 
 
 PETERS SAMSON P. Farmer; 
 See. 29 ; P. 0. Masonville ; born Sept. 
 21, 1831, in Cayuga Co., N. Y. ; moved 
 from tbere to Ogle Co., where he lived 
 for nine years ; came from there to Del- 
 aware Co. in March, 1868 ; married 
 his first wife, J. Robison, Jan. 1, 
 1852 ; she was born in Cayuga County 
 April 25, 1832 ; has h d three children 
 by first wife, two of which are dead — 
 Louis S., born Nov. 17, 1857, died at 
 the age of 4 months and 27 days ; Em- 
 ma, born Oct. 30, 1852, died Jan. 31, 
 1877 ; and one living — Elmira, born 
 April 30. 1855 ; married his second wife 
 March 10, 1858; her maiden name was 
 Sarah Moower, born in Penn, Union Co., 
 April 20, 1824 ; has two children by 
 his second wife — Charl S., born Dec. 4. 
 1863; John H., March 29, 1862; Mr. 
 Peters owns 222 i acres of land, worth 
 $35 per acre; principal product, grain 
 and stock raising ; Rep. ; his father waa 
 born in New York, Oct. 23, 1792 ; his 
 mother in Vermont, Feb. 9, 1796. 
 
 Porter W. R. far. ; S. 8. P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Poerssner A. far. ; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Forest- 
 ville. 
 
 Riley Daniel, saloon ; Masonville 
 
 ROE liAWSON A. Farmer; Sec. 
 24 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Wayne 
 Co., Ind., Aug. 21, 1821 ; moved with 
 his parents to Berrien Co., Mich., in 
 1835, and married Susan A. Knight 
 March 12, 1843; she was born in Ver- 
 mont Oct., 14, 1823 ; have five children 
 — Angia, born Jan. 31, 1844; William 
 A., March 1, 1846; Francis A., Oct. 
 15, 1847 ; Charles A., Sept. 14, 1850 ; 
 and May A., Feb. 22, 1857. Mr. Roe 
 came to this county in July, 1852, and 
 settled in Eads' Grove, where he re- 
 mained until the Fall of 1863, at which 
 time he moved to Manchester, where he 
 carried on the furniture business for 
 several years, moving to his present 
 home about six years ago ; he owns 380 
 acres of land, worth $14,000 dollars ; 
 principal product, grain and stock rais- 
 ing ; Mr. R. is a Republican and mem- 
 ber of a Christian Church. 
 
 ROE F. A. farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. 
 Manchester. 
 
me 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Russell H. H. far. ; Se3. 20 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 Rose Thomas, shoemaker ; Masonville. 
 Ryan John, saloon ; Masonville. 
 
 SATTERLEE AMOS, far.: Sec. 27; 
 P. O. Manchester. 
 
 SATTERLEE BURIAH W. 
 
 Farmer ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester ; 
 born Dec. 27, 1814, in Montgomery 
 Co., N. Y. ; married Elizabeth Jennings 
 May 17, 1837 ; she was born in Herki- 
 mer Co., N. Y., Avig. 5, 1818 ; came to 
 this county April 4, 18G7 ; owns 200 
 acres of land, worth $35 per acre ; they 
 have three children — Jerome B., born 
 July 3, 1838; Martha Ann, May 23, 
 1841 ; Aipos F., March 6, 1847 ; Amos 
 F. lives with his father ; was married to 
 Miss Elmer Keller, March 7, 1875 ; both 
 father and son are Republicans. 
 SCHMIDT JOHN E. Vineyard ; 
 Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
 Wurtemberg, Ger., Dec. 1, 1830; emi- 
 grated to TJ. S. of America Aug. 11, 
 1859 ; married Miss Maggie Stadler 
 April 27, 1874; she was born in Aus- 
 tria Aug. 22, 1843; have two children 
 — Oscar Otto, born Aug. 8, 1875, and 
 Maggie, Aug. 25, 1877. Mr. S. came 
 to this county in 1861, making his 
 home with Henry Baker for five years ; 
 then he purchased the place where he 
 now lives and started his vineyard, 
 which at the pressnt time excels any- 
 thing of the kind in the county. Mr. 
 S. owns sixteen acres of land, well im- 
 proved, and is worth $5,000. 
 
 SCHUL.TZE WIEL.IAM, Farm 
 
 er; Sec. 10; P.O. Manchester; born 
 in Hanover, Germany, Aug. 8, 1822; 
 he came to the TJ. S. of America in 
 1864 ; he married Miss Fredrecka 
 Starde ; she was born June 29, 1831 ; 
 have two children, twins ; their names 
 are Charlie and Emma, born April 30, 
 1868; Mr. S. settled first in Chicago, 
 where he was engaged in the furniture 
 business for four years, and in 1868, he 
 came to this county and settled where 
 he now lives ; he owns 160 acres of land, 
 well improved, worth $5,0(M) ; principal 
 product, grain and stock. 
 
 Sellins E. H. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Septon A. L. far. ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Masonville. 
 
 Seward J. far.; S 11 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Smith Alex, farmer; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 SMITH BENJAMIN, Farmer' 
 Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
 Stark Co., Ohio, Jan. 26, 1824; in 
 1835, moved with his parents to Summit 
 Co. Ohio, and in 1840 moved again 
 with his parents to De Kalb Co., Ind., 
 where his father died in 1861 ; his 
 mother died in 1876. Married Miss 
 Sophina Bonney at Ghent, Summit Co., 
 Ohio, Oct. 19, 1852; she was born in 
 the town of Covington, Wyoming Co., 
 N. Y., in 1827. Have two children — 
 J. B. Smith, born in De Kalb Co., Ind., 
 March 4, 1857, and Harry B. Smith, 
 born in De Kalb Co., Ind., April 25, 
 1860; Mr. Benjamin Smith's father, was 
 born in the parish of Tregles, Scotland, 
 in the year 1788; his mother was born 
 in Cumberland Co., England, in the 
 year 1794. Mr. Smith came to Dela- 
 ware Co. with his family in 1865 ; owns 
 190 acres of land well improved, worth 
 $6,000. Republican. 
 Smith F. D. laborer ; P. 0. Ma.sonville. 
 Smith J. D. hotel prop., Masonville. 
 SMITH JONATHAN, Farmer; 
 Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
 Lewistown, Penn., July 18, 1814; left 
 with parents when young and came to 
 Perry Co., Ohio ; from there he came to 
 South Bend. Ind., in 1832. He mar- 
 ried his first wife Nov. 24, 1834; her 
 maiden name was Sarah Yockey ; has 
 six children by first wife, named as fol- 
 lows — Lewis, John, Hilindia, Martha, 
 Jackson ; one died in infancy. He 
 married his second wife Sept. 9, 1852 ; 
 her maiden name was Catharine Jacoby ; 
 has six children by second wife — Elea- 
 zer M., Riley, Alexander, Jonathan, 
 William and Edward ; one child de- 
 ceased — Emma. Mr. S. came to Dela- 
 ware Co. in the Fall of 1860, and settled 
 where he now lives ; he owns 80 acres 
 of land, well improved, worth $2,000 ; 
 principal products, grain and stock. 
 Republican ; member of Wesleyan Meth- 
 odist church. 
 SMITH THOMAS E. Farmer; 
 Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Masonville ; born in 
 New York City Dec. 22, 1829 ; moved 
 with his parents to Bristol, England, in 
 1836, and lived there seven years, then 
 came to Pennsylvania, where he re- 
 mained three years, ai d then emigrated 
 to Dubuque Co., Iowa, moving to Dela- 
 
COFFIN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 66T 
 
 ware Co., Iowa, April 1, 1861. Mar- ' 
 ried Maria J. Dull April 30, 1856; 
 have no children ; she was born in 
 Franklin, Portage Co., Ohio, Feb. 7, 
 1838 ; her father was the first white 
 child born in Trumbull Township, Ohio, 
 Feb. 17, 1809; her mother was born \ 
 Aug. 17, 18ti9, in Dutchess Co., N. Y. i 
 Mr. S. owns 116 acres of land, worth { 
 $3,000 ; principal product, stock ; he j 
 has held almost every office in the 
 township. 
 Snell Geo. laborer; Masonville. 
 Soder G. E. laborer ; Masonville. 
 Soder J. blacksmith ; Masonville. 
 Soder J. R. blacksmith ; Masonville. 
 Stewart A. W. former ; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Stewart Charles, farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Stewart James B. farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
 
 Manchester. 
 STEWART SAMUEL., Farmer; 
 Sec. 10; P. 0. Manchester; born in 
 Delaware Co., Ohio, July 22, 1832, 
 where he remained till 7 years of age ; 
 moved to Illinois with his parents, where 
 he remained four years, then to Iowa 
 Co., Wis., where he remained until 
 1866, when he moved to this county, 
 settling where he now lives; owns 100 
 acres valued at $3,000. Married Miss 
 Ann Ward Aug. 13, 1857; she was 
 born in England, Sept. 13, 1841 ; have 
 three children living — Ward, born April 
 30, 185!) ; Elmer, April 26, 1867; Ro- 
 sanna M., born Dec. 9, 1874. 
 Stimpson W. H. renter; Sec. 29; P. 0. 
 
 Masonville. 
 Stone C. N. renter ; Sec. 16 ; P. O. Man- 
 
 SIJLIilVABf AAROlf, Farmer; 
 Sec. 28; P. 0. Masonville; born in 
 Champaign Co., Ohio, Feb. 21, 1811 ; 
 came to La Salle Co., 111., Nov. 1, 1835 ; 
 he married Jane Lippincott June 20, 
 1837 ; she was born in Champaign Co., 
 Ohio, N<jv. 7, 1819 ; had nine children; 
 those still living are — Mary R., born 
 July 13, 1839 ; Samuel P., Feb. 15, 
 1841; Sarah E., Jan. 28, 1843; 
 Andrew J., April 10, 1845 ; J. N., Nov. 
 3, 1848; Aaron R., May 8, 1850 ; 
 Jane A., Feb. 14, 1853; Henry F., 
 Aug. 6, 1856 ; L. M., Dec. 6, 1858. 
 Seven oldest children married ; Mary R. 
 
 married Scar W oilman, and has a family 
 of eight boys ; Samuel P. married Eliza 
 A. Walton, and has a family of three 
 boys ; Sarah E. married Richard B. 
 Alcock, and has a family of six girls ; 
 Andrew J. married Elizabeth Reynolds, 
 and has a family of three boys and two 
 girls ; Isaac N. married Chastine J. 
 Moore, and has a family of two boys ; 
 Aaron R. married Martha L. Norton, 
 and has a family of one boy ; Jane A. 
 married Jno. Latimer, and has a family 
 of three boys. All of the above married 
 children are living in Delaware Co., 
 with the exception of Andrew J., who 
 is living in the Indian Territory. His 
 principal business is stock raising ; Rep. ; 
 Methodist; Mr. Sullivan crossed the 
 Mississippi River Nov. 23, 1844, at 
 Lyons, Iowa, and iu the same year made 
 a permanent settlement where he now 
 lives ; at that time there was but twenty- 
 four familes in Delawaie Co., and but 
 four families in the township. 
 
 Sullivan Frank, far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Mason- 
 ville. 
 
 Sullivan J. N. far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Mason- 
 ville. 
 
 Sullivan Joshua, laborer ; Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Sullivan M. far. ; S. 14; P. O. Manches- 
 
 TAYLOR JOSEPH, blacksmith; 
 Masonville. 
 Thorpe Wilber, farmer; Sec. 5; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 TOWNER CHARL.es H. Labor^ 
 
 er ; P. < '. Manchester ; born in Stock- 
 ton Co., N. Y., Feb. 28, 1853. Hia 
 father, James Towner, was born in 
 England, 1828, died Dec. 4, 1868. 
 His mother was born in England in 
 1832, her maiden name being Caroline 
 Bothomel ; she died April 13, 1872 ; 
 but five of the family are living — Charles, 
 born Feb. 28, 1853; James, Sept. 
 12,1856; Hannah M., July 5, 1859; 
 Williard, Feb. 12, 1866, and Mary 
 Helen, April 13, 1868 ; two children 
 deceased — Rorie, born Sept. 28, 1854, 
 and died Sept 22, 1877 ; Elizabeth E., 
 born Feb. 21, 1862, and died when 
 quite young. Mr. Towner's parents 
 came to Delaware Co. in the Spring of 
 1855, making them among the very 
 early settlers of the township. 
 
668 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 TRIPP €HAS. p. Farmer; Sec. 
 
 17 ; P. 0. Masoiiville ; born in Canada 
 West Dec. 19, 1837; in the Fall of 
 1853, he came with his parents to this 
 county ; married Miss Mary E. Bowen 
 Dec. 16, 18G(). She was born in Penn 
 Oct. 14:, 1841 ; have five children living 
 —Robert R., born Oct. 18, 1861 ; L. 
 A., March 24, 1867 ; Chas. E., May 9, 
 1871; Eugene M., April 12, 1874; 
 Ira. S., April 11, 1876 ; one deceased, 
 Michael H., born May 7, 1869, died 
 March 9, 1870 ; enlisted Aug. 13, 1862, 
 in Go. F, 27th I. V. I. ; participated 
 in the battles of Pleasant Hill, Cumber- 
 land Heights, and many others ; was 
 mustered out June, 1865 ; owns 100 
 acres of land valued at $3,000 ; princi- 
 pal jiroduct, small grain ; is a Republi- 
 can. 
 
 Tripp Leother, renter ; Manchester. 
 
 Tripp S. far. ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Masonville. 
 
 Trumblee Geo. farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 TRUMBLEE PATRICK, Farm- 
 er ; S. 27 ; P. O. Manchester ; born on 
 British waters Jan. 1, 1815; lived 
 in the parish of St. Paul Bay and 
 thereabout until the age of 18 years, 
 when he moved to Berkshire Co., Mass. 
 Married Sophrona Hemenway in 1840, 
 who died in 1844. Married again in 
 1846 to Miss Julia Jenkins, who is the 
 mother of his four sons — William A., 
 age 32 years ; James, aged 28 ; Leo, 
 who died Feb. 26, 1871, at the age of 
 
 18 years, and George, who is 22 years 
 of age. Their mother died May 20, 
 1865. Mr. Trumblee again married 
 Miss Edna C. Cragin, born in Windsor 
 Co., Vt., Feb. 11, 1822. Moved to 
 Delaware Co. Sept. 12, 1855. Owns 
 250 acres of land, worth $35 per acre. 
 Democrat. 
 
 Trumblee Wm. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 UMPHREY WM. renter; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 YAN ALSTINE GEO. farmer; S. 
 28 ; P. 0. Masonville. 
 VAN ALST YXE C. M. Farmer ; 
 Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in 
 Columbia Co., N. Y., March 17, 1809, 
 where he remained until 1864; coming 
 to this county and settling where he 
 now lives, April 15, 1864. Married 
 
 Margaret Leggett Nov. 12, 1835 ; she 
 was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., Sept. 
 9, 1816 ; have one child living, Anna, 
 born July 8, 1838, and three children 
 deceased — Jane, born Oct. 17, and died 
 Oct. 22, 1874 ; Mary, born Jan. 17, 
 1842, died January, 1873; Catharine, 
 born August 4, 1848, died July, 1857. 
 Owns 270 acres of land, well improved, 
 worth $40 per acre ; principal product, 
 stock raising. Democrat. 
 
 Van Alstine M. far. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Van Alstine, far. ; S. 28 ; P. 0. Masonville. 
 
 VAN AIJKEN E. Farmer; S. 22; 
 P. 0. Manchester ; born in Dutchess 
 Co., N. Y., June 5, 1808. Moved 
 with parents, when quite young, to Al- 
 bany Co., N. Y., where he remained till 
 1832, then moved to Fulton Co.,N. Y., 
 where he worked at the shoemaker's 
 trade till Dec, 1866. Married Miss 
 Margaret Swobe Jan. 29, 1835. She 
 was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., 
 Nov. 23, 1810. Came to this county in 
 Jan., 1867, and settled where he now 
 lives ; has children, two living — Henry, 
 born in Fulton Co., N. Y., June 2, 
 1837 ; Michael S., June 3, 1850. Two 
 children died when quite young. Michael 
 S. married Clara C. Van Alstyne Nov. 6, 
 
 1872. She was born Oct. 6, 1853, 
 has one child — Maggie, born Aug. 23, 
 
 1873. He resides with his father. 
 Owns 80 acres of land, valued at $3,000. 
 Democrat and Presbyterian. 
 
 Van Auken M. S. farmer; Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 WADSWORTH W. W. renter; Sec. 
 34 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Walling Thorn, renter; P. 0. Masonville. 
 
 Wellman H. G. land agent ; P. 0. Mason- 
 ville. 
 
 WEIiLMAN OSCAR, Farmer; 
 Sec. 31; P. 0. Masonville; born in 
 Steuben Co., N. Y., March 25, 1831 ; 
 came to Wisconsin in 1850, where he 
 remained until the Fall of 1853, when 
 he came to Delawure County and settled 
 where he now lives. Married Mary R. 
 Sullivan Sept. 14, 1856 ; she was born 
 July 13, 1839; have eight children liv- 
 ing and one deceased — Ray I, born 
 Nov. 8, 1857; Oswell Z., born Oct. 14, 
 1859; George A., Sept. 14, 1861; 
 Aaron L., Nov, 23, 1863; Bin J., 
 
SOUTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 669 
 
 Sept. 10, 1867; Frank G., May 18, 
 1872; P. H, Aug. 31, 1874; S. M., 
 Jan. 7, 1877 ; Alonzo L., Oct. 8, 1865, 
 and died Feb. 4, 1866. Mr. Wellman 
 has held the office of Assessor for ten 
 years in succession ; he owns 236 acres 
 of land, worth $40 per acre ; principal 
 product, stock raising. 
 Westbrook S. D. farmer ; Sec. 2 ; P. O. 
 Manchester. 
 
 WILL-IAMS THOS. L. MRS. 
 
 Farming ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Masonville ; she 
 married T. L. Williams, who was born in 
 London, England, Oct. 25, 1 80 1 , and died 
 
 Sept. 15, 1872; they were married in 
 Boston April 24, 1845 ; her maiden 
 name was Nancy Rand, and she was 
 born in Nova Scotia Jan. 21, 1823; 
 have four children living — John, born 
 May 7, 1846 ; Theodore L., born March 
 17, 1851; Henry L., born Oct. 4, 1853; 
 Jacob W., born July 10, 1858; one 
 son dead — James L., born Sept. 12, 
 1848, and died July 2, 1874. Her 
 father was born in Nova Scotia in 1780, 
 and her mother born there in 1781. 
 
 ZEllFOSS GEORGE, well driller; P. 
 0. Masonville. 
 
 SOUTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ABBOTT E. L. stone mason ; Hopkin- 
 ton. 
 Abbott M. M. laborer ; Hopkinton. 
 Abbott 0. C. restaurant ; Hopkinton. 
 Adkins Thi s. laborer ; Hopkinton. 
 Ambrose R. L. painter ; Sand Spring. 
 
 BACKUS F. E. harness maker ; Hop- 
 kinton. 
 
 Backus S. G. harness maker; Hopkinton. 
 
 Barden A. cooper ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Barker C. S. merchant ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Barker J. W. farm hand ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Barnes E. F. farmer. 
 
 Barton D. A. retired far. ; P. 0. Sand 
 Spring. 
 
 Beitz Chas. farmer. 
 
 Bell David, far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 BilHngs M. V. far. ; S. 9 ; P.O. Hopkinton. 
 
 Blair Alex. far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 Block Peter, farmer; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 Bort A. F. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Sand 
 Spring. 
 
 Bort A. L. Justice of the Peace ; Hopkin- 
 ton. 
 
 Bort E. W. painter; Hopkinton. 
 
 BOWEN ASA C. Dairyman; 
 Sand Spring ; was born in Herkimer 
 Co., N. Y., June 30, 1827, and lived 
 there until 24 years of age ; assisted in 
 a dairy until 17 years of age, when he 
 commenced working at carpentering, and 
 continued at that during the Summer, 
 and teaching school and music Winters 
 until 24 years old. In the Winter of 
 1851, he commenced the study of medi- 
 
 cine at Albany, N. Y. ; the following 
 Spring he moved West, first settling on 
 Bowen's Prairie in Jones Co., and lived 
 there until 1866, when he sold out there 
 and came to his present location. He 
 was engaged in the business of this 
 county all of the time, and was instru- 
 mental, as an agent, in locating. settHng, 
 and developing a great amount of land 
 in this township. In 1858, he began 
 the manufacture of butter and cheese in 
 a small way, and in 1863, introduced the 
 cheese vat, probably the first used in 
 Iowa. Built the first factory for the 
 use of patrons in this part of the State. 
 Was married Oct. 7, 1851, to Armenia 
 Yoran, who was born in Herkimer Co., 
 N. Y., Jan. 1, 1828; she died in 1871. 
 Oct. 30, 1871, was married to Ella 
 Shemaker, who was born Sept. 25, 
 1817 in Herkimer Co., N. Y. ; two 
 children living — Asa Collyer and Myra 
 Hattie ; one dead ; owns 210 acres of 
 land. 
 
 Bowen T. H retired iar. ; Sand Spring. 
 
 Brahaney Thos labi rer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Brewer Chas. I'armer. 
 
 Brokaw Philip, far.; S. 9; P.O. Hopkinton. 
 
 Brooks Homer, far. ;S.7; P.O. Hopkinton. 
 
 Brooks R.G. ihr. ; S. 7 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Browder G. R., far.; S.3 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 BROWN G. H., Merchant and Po.st- 
 master; Sand Spring. Was born in 
 Ashtabula Co., Ohio, Sept. 3, 1832. 
 His home was there for 34 years ; was 
 
670 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 a farmer most of the time, but engaged 
 in buying live stock about three years. 
 In 18G6, came to the county, and has 
 since made his home here. The first 
 year, was engaged in the live stock trade ; 
 after that, wont on a farm and followed 
 farming until 1876, when he com- 
 menced business in Sand Spring ; was 
 appointed Postmaster in Nov. 1875 ; 
 was married in 1 865 to Helen Chilson, 
 who was born in Ashtabula Co., Ohio, 
 July 31, 184 -i. One child, named 
 Charlie. Methodist ; Republican ; was 
 Township Trustee two terms, and is now 
 the Treasurer of the Creamery Associa- 
 tion in Sand Spring. 
 
 Brown John J., farmer . 
 
 Buchus William. 
 
 Buruham L. 11. laborer ; Sand Spring. 
 
 Bjam P., physician ; Hopkinton. 
 
 CAMPBELL JAMES C, merchant; 
 Hopkinton. 
 
 Campbell J. H. merchant ; Hopkinton. 
 
 CARTER H. A. Retired Farmer; 
 Hopkinton ; was born in Massachu- 
 setts in 1806; lived there until about 
 'IS years old ; removed from there to 
 St. Louis, and lived there two years ; 
 then came to Dubuque, and from there 
 herein 1841 ; in partnership with Mr. 
 Jackson ; bought the claim on which 
 Hopkinton now stands, and laid out the 
 town ; was engaged in farming most of 
 the time. In 1850, moved to Cedar 
 Rapids and ensaged in mercantile busi- 
 ness ; was there three years and then 
 moved his goods to Hopkinton and 
 opened a store here. At one time had 
 a store on the south side of the river. 
 Was married January 1, 1833, to Susan 
 Holt; she died December 21, 1850; 
 had eight children, only four of whom 
 are now living — Jane M.. Susan H., 
 Sarah B., and Mary E. ; Dec. 15, 1853, 
 w;us married to Mary J. Nash, who was 
 born in Maine March D, 1822; they 
 have three children living — Samuel P., 
 William N. and H attic E. The family 
 belong to the Presbyterian Church ; Re- 
 publican. Mr. Carter built the first 
 mill in this place; also built the first 
 bridge across the Maquoketa here; it 
 stood more dian twelve years ; has been 
 extensively engaged in raising hops, and 
 baled the first bale that was shipped 
 from I(jwa. The idea of liaviny; a col- 
 
 lege here originated with Mr. Carter, 
 
 and he was the first to propose it. 
 Carter S. P. Hopkinton. 
 Chad^vell Geo., Sand Spring. 
 Chaplin E. M. farmer; Sec. 26; P. 0. 
 
 Sand Spring. 
 Chelisy Ira. 
 
 Cline Abraham, farmer; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Cormony P. S. farmer; Sec. 17; P. 0. 
 
 Hopkinton. 
 Crawford C. A. carp. ; Hopkinton. 
 Crawford G. H. blacksmith ; Hopkinton. 
 Creamer J. P. faimer. 
 Crocker Chas. farmer ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Sand 
 
 Spring. 
 Crocker Cyrus, farmer. 
 Crozier Lewis, retired ; Hopkinton. 
 Cruzenburg W. A. teacher in college ; 
 
 Hopkinton. 
 Cummings Saml. physician ; Sand Spring. 
 
 D AMIS J. T. farmer; Sec. 17; P. 0. 
 Hopkinton. 
 
 Davis Robert. 
 
 Davis W. E. station agent D. & N W. Ry. ; 
 Hopkinton. 
 
 DeLaush C. far; Sec. 8; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 De Laush J. far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Deshaw F. J., Sand Spring. 
 
 Deshaw Frank, farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Deshaw Henry, farmer ; P 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Deshaw Stephen, farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Diftenderfer J. G. retired; P. O. Hop- 
 kinton. 
 
 Dighton B. F. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Hop- 
 kinton. 
 
 Dunlap Robt. S. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Hop- 
 kinton. 
 
 DuWald Thos., Sand Spring. 
 
 TT^WART HUGH, P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 P^wart James, P. O. Sand Spring. 
 
 Ewart John, farmer ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 Egan Thomas. 
 
 E ARHART FRA:^K M. Banker ; 
 P. O. Hopkinton. The subject of this 
 sketch was born in Ohio Sept. 1, 1848 ; 
 lived there until 3 years of age, 
 when he removed with his parents to 
 Stark Co., 111. His home was on a farm 
 until 22 years old, and then went to 
 Henry, 111., to attend Marshall College. 
 He left there for the purpose of teaching 
 school fur a time ; while engaged in this 
 occupation, he resolved to fit himself for 
 a teacher, and accordingly entered the 
 State Normal School, at Normal, 111. ; 
 
SOUTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 671 
 
 after attending that institution two years j 
 he was offered the position of cashier in 
 the bank at Wyomino;, 111., and accepted 
 it ; this placg he filled for four years, 
 and then went into business for himself ; 
 continued at that for about one year and 
 then came to this place in March, 1877, 
 and has since been here conducting a 
 general banking business. He was mar- 
 ried May 15, 1874, to Miss Anna M. 
 Rule, who was born in Stark Co., 111., 
 Mar^-h 16, 1848 ; two children— Maud 
 and Frank. Mr. Earhart was elected 
 Mayor of Hopkinton at the last election ; 
 he was able to bring letters of recom- 
 mendation to this place equal to any the 
 writer h:us ever seen ; they certify to his 
 business capacity, and mark him a first- 
 class business Juan. 
 rpERGUSON J. H. farmer; Sec. 11; 
 
 FINL.EY W. H., M. D. Physician; 
 Hopkinton ; was born in Louisiana, Mo., 
 Febrauy 15, 1831 ; lived there until 
 21, and then went to Jacksonville, 111., 
 and attended school there until 1 855 ; 
 then came to Dubuque, Iowa, and 
 studied medicine with Jno. W. Finley ; 
 attended lectures at the State Medical 
 College at Cincinnati, Ohio, and gradu- 
 ated there in 1858 ; came to Hopkinton 
 in Jan. 1859, and has since made this 
 his home, practicing medicine ; was in 
 the army two and one half years, first 
 as Assistant Surgeon of the 12th I. V. 
 I., and then as Surgeon of the 8th I. 
 Cavalry ; after the war, returned here 
 and resumed practice. Was married in 
 1861, to Lucy A. Cooley, who was born 
 near Springfield, Mass. ; she was precep- 
 tress of Lenox Collegiate Institute, and 
 connected with the school some two or 
 three years. Owns 120 acres of land. 
 Republican. 
 
 Flude Wm. Prof of Music, Lenox Colle- 
 giate Institute, Hopkinton. 
 
 GALYEON RUF US, saw-mill; Hop- 
 kinton. 
 
 Gardiner Rufus, farmer. 
 
 Gardner W. W. farmer. 
 
 Garlinghouse D. teamster. Sand Spring. 
 
 Geary W. P. blacksmith, Hopkinton. 
 
 Gihbs Wm. far.; S. 1 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 ii^IB^O^ Wfl. S. Farmer; Sec. 15 ; 
 P. 0. Hopkinton ; was born in Indiana 
 Co., Penn., in 1822, and lived there 
 
 until 6 years of age, when he went to 
 Jefferson Co., in the same State and 
 lived until 1866, then came to this 
 county and has since made it his home ; 
 owns 80 acres of land, valued at $2,800. 
 Married Malinda McKee, of Pa., in 
 1847 ; has five children — Thomas Mc- 
 Kee, James A., Andrew C. C, William 
 E., Jolin H. Mrs. Gibson died in 1876. 
 Mr. Gibson was Justice of the Peace 
 four years. Republican. Presb}'terian. 
 
 Graham C. W. dealer in butter and cheese ; 
 Sand Spring. 
 
 Gosting E. far. ; S. 12 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Green C. F far. ; S. 7 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Green E. H.far.J; S. 8 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Green J. W. flir. ; S. 7 ; P. O. Hopkinton. 
 
 Gordon Barney, sec. boss ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Guthrie P. farmer; Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Sand 
 Spring. 
 
 HARDESTY C. farmer; Sec. 36 : P. 
 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 HARDY JAMES, Retired Farmer; 
 Hopkinton. Mr. Hardy was born in 
 Campbell Co., Va., in 1816 ; lived there 
 until 16 years old, when he went to 
 Kentucky ; remained there five years, 
 and then went to Illinois ; when 30 years 
 of age, came to this county ; located on 
 Government land, in what is now North 
 Fork Tp. ; lived there until fourteen 
 years ago, when he moved into Hopkin- 
 ton ; has sold all of his farming land but 
 about 110 acres ; was married June 22, 
 1842, to Mary L. Sawyers, who was 
 born in Washington Co., 111., June 18, 
 1826 ; has two children living — John H. 
 and Mrs. Martha J. Williamson ; one 
 dead. Democrat. Has been a member 
 of the M. E. Church thirty years ; has 
 held the office of School Director and 
 other township offices ; was a member of 
 the first Grand Jury, and had the shade 
 of a tree for the jury-room. 
 
 Hatcter J. F. gunsmith ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Harmon Merit, retd. clgmn. ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Harper James, P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 Harris Andrew, stone mason ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Harris James, P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Harvey E. W. blacksmith ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Hassenpflugh J. M. rtd. far. ; Sand Spring. 
 
 Heeler James. 
 
 Hendee D. D. butcher; Hopkinton. 
 
 HendeeJH. N. dentist; Hopkinton. 
 
 Hodge Rev. Samuel, D. D. Prest. Lenox 
 Collegiate Institute ; Hopkinton. 
 
672 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 
 
 Holcomb Andrew, lab. ; Hopkinton. 
 Holcomb Darwin, farmer; Hopkinton. 
 Holcomb Harry, farmer ; Hopkinton 
 Holmes Samuel. 
 
 Hopkins E. J. laborer; Hopkinton. 
 Hubbard L. A. far. ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Sand 
 
 Spring. 
 Hussey John, laborer; Sand Spring. 
 Hyler Chas. L. miller ; Hopkinton. 
 Hyler G. L. miller; Hopkinton. 
 Hyler G. W. miller ; Hopkinton. 
 Hyler H. S. miller; Hopkinton. 
 
 JEWETT D. C. farmer; Sec. 34; P. 
 0. Sand Sprinu'. 
 
 JACKSON LEROY, Retired; 
 P. 0. Hopkinton ; wa8 born in Ken- 
 tucky in 1804, and lived thereuntil 22 
 years old ; he then went to New Orleans, 
 but not being able to .«taud the climate, 
 went to Missouri ; was there about five 
 years, but came up to Galena for two 
 Summers ; was in Iowa as early as 1828 ; 
 Uved at Dubuque. Prairie du Chien and 
 Galena ; was employed most of the time 
 as an Indian trader; built the first brick 
 house in Dubuque and kept the first 
 hotel there ; in 1838, came to this county 
 on a trading expedition, and liked the 
 looks of the country so well that he 
 remained ; about four hundred Indians 
 here then ; in company with H. A. 
 Carter, laid out the town of Hopkinton 
 about 1840; was married in 1837, to 
 Jeru^ha M. Wright, whowasborn in New 
 York City in 1819 ; have eidit children 
 living — Louisa, Henry C, Martha, Ed- 
 ward, Susan, Frank, Fred, Louis; one 
 son killed in the army; owns 400 acres 
 of land ; Republican ; was fir.st Sheriff 
 of the county and held the ofiice three 
 years ; has a splendid spring near his 
 house, over which he has built a cream- 
 ery ; run a saw-mill on Plum Creek 
 about twenty years; kept hotel here 
 ever since he came. 
 
 Johnson H. M. grain dealer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Joseph P. 0. shoemaker; Hopkinton. 
 
 KEELER JAMES, farmer; Sec. 8; 
 P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Kilpatrick, retired far.; P. 0. Hopkin- 
 ton. 
 Kiny Moor, laborer ; Hopkinton. 
 Kirk J. C. farmer; P. O. Hopkinton. 
 Kirk Ryan, farmer; P. 0. Hoj)kinton. 
 Kirkwood A., Jr. fuin. deoler ; Hopin- 
 kinton. 
 
 KIRKWOOD ALEXAN- 
 
 DER, Furniture Maker and Under- 
 taker ; Hopkinton ; was born in Scot- 
 land in 1811 ; came to this country iiK 
 1829 ; lived at Albany, N. Y., two years, 
 and then moved to Philadelphia and was 
 there about six years ; in piano making 
 business there ; returned to Scotland, 
 where he lived two years and then came 
 back here; lived at BuiFalo, N. Y., 
 eight years, then moved into Canada, 
 where he lived six years ; came to this, 
 place in 1856, and has made it his home 
 since ; was in 37th Iowa about two 
 years, and discharged on account of sick- 
 ness ; was married in 1831, to Agnes. 
 G. Campbell ; has six children living — 
 A. F., J C , Maggie, Marion, Helen J., 
 Annie F. ; Mrs. Kirkwood died about 
 two years ago ; Democrat. 
 
 Kirkwood J. C. fiirn. dealer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 T AKEY, JNO. 
 
 Leifelholtz L. merchant ; Sand Spring. 
 
 LEFFELHOLZ LEONARD, 
 
 Merchant ; Sand Spring ; was born in 
 Germany Oct. 1, 1845, and came to 
 this country in 1865 ; his first stopping 
 place was Dyersville, where he lived five 
 years engaged in firming ; then came to 
 Sand Spring and kept a saloon four 
 years ; then engaged in the general mer- 
 cantile business and has since continued 
 at it. While in Germany, he was farm- 
 ing and working at the blacksmith 
 business; was married June 11, 1866, 
 to Katrina Huttenmueller, who was born 
 in Germany Oct. 25, 1841 ; has four 
 children— Mary A., Sophia M., Maria 
 S. and Leonard ; Dem. 
 
 Littlefield J. E. far. ; Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Hop- 
 kinton. 
 
 Littlefield W. H. far.; Sec. 16; P. 0. 
 Hopkinton. 
 
 JLITTI.EFIEI.D P. M. Farmer; 
 Sec. 16 ; P. O. Hopkinton; was born in 
 this county in 1853 and has made it his 
 home all his life ; was married in 1872, 
 to Caroline Conner, from Illinois; have 
 three children — Edith, Ethel and Perry ; 
 owns 120 acres of land, valued at 
 S3,500; h;is been fiirming all his life, 
 and has never been out of the State but 
 once. Republican. 
 
 Livingston Alex, fir. ; Sec. 32 ; P. O. Sand 
 Spring. 
 
SOUTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 673 
 
 I.IVIK<;STOX HVIOH, Drug 
 
 gist ; Hopkinton ; tho parents of Mr. 
 Livingston were among the first settlers 
 in this county ; they were from Scotland, 
 and had emigrated to the Selkirk settle- 
 ment, on the Red River. They came 
 to Dubuque in 1835; lived there until 
 1887, when they came here and settled 
 on Sections 19 and 30, it being the sec- 
 ond claim made in the county. Mr. L. 
 was born in this county in Oct., 1844; 
 his father died when he was about 4 
 years old, and he lived with his mother 
 until 1866; he then went West and 
 traveled over nearly all the Western 
 States nnd Territories; was engaged 
 most of the time in building the U. P. 
 Ry., and followed that road through to 
 its terminus ; about a year and a half 
 was in the Government service ; was in 
 the South awhile, in the stock business ; 
 came back here about 1870 and went on 
 to the farm again ; did some work for the 
 D. & N. W. Ry. while on the farm ; 
 about four years ago, he went into the 
 drug business and has continued at it 
 since ; Rep. ; Presb. 
 Loop E. M. Hopkinton. 
 liOOP NORM AX, Liveryman; 
 Hopkinton; was born in Onondaga Co., 
 N. Y., Nov. 25, 1833; when about 11 
 years old, went to the Erie Canal and 
 was engaged on canal and lake boats for 
 thirteen years ; then came to Milwaukee, 
 Wis., and lived in Wisconsin and Illi- 
 nois eighteen months, engaged in farm- 
 ing ; then came to this county and has 
 made it his home here since ; about 
 eleven months ago, began the livery 
 business here; was married March 18, 
 1856, to Charlotte Hays, who was born 
 in Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1842 ; owns 
 165 acres of land, valued at $5,000; 
 Rep. 
 Lord A. A. retired ; Hopkinton. 
 liOUCjrH J. H. Liveryman ; Hopkin- 
 ton ; was born in this county Feb. 3, 
 1850 ; lived here until 1868, and then 
 went to Clayton Co.. where he remained 
 two years, and then returned to Dela- 
 ware Co. ; was engaged in farming until 
 about three years ago, when he com- 
 menced the livery business here and h;is 
 followed it since ; Rep. 
 1IAI.I.ORY CHAS. W. Farmer; 
 S. 14; P. 0. Sand Spring; was born in 
 
 New York in 1834. When about 6 years 
 old, he removed to Kane Co., 111., and 
 lived there fifteen years, then moved to 
 Bremer Co., Iowa. In 1861, enlisted 
 in 9th Iowa Infantry, and served three 
 years. After the war, he returned to 
 Bremer Co., and remained there until 
 1867, when he came to Delaware Co. 
 In 1870, moved to Nebra,ska, but re- 
 turned here in 1874. Married Jane 
 Mullen, of Indiana, in 1864. They 
 had two children — Ella D. and Mary J. 
 Mrs. Mallory died Dec. 31, 1866. ; was 
 married to Mary E. Bell, of Iowa, April 
 8, 1869. They have three children — 
 Llewellyn B., Minnie M., and Ray L. 
 Republican ; Methodist Episcopal. 
 Marks Theo. far. ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Marshall Jas. machinist ; Sand Spring. 
 MARTIN WM. H. Hopkinton, 
 whose portrait appiears in this work, 
 was born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., July 
 2, 1810. His father, William Martin, 
 was a native of New Jersey, and moved 
 to Saratoga Co., N. Y. The subject of 
 this sketch came to Wyoming Co., N. 
 Y., in 1826, and was engaged in farm- 
 ing. In the Fall of 1842, he came to 
 Plum Creek, and was engaged in cutting 
 wood on the Mississippi River. The 
 same Summer, he purchased a farm, and, 
 returning to Wyoming Co., N. Y., 
 brought West his family, arriving at 
 Plum Creek July 7, 1843, where his 
 fiither died March 20, 1874. He 
 moved from there to his present home 
 in Hopkinton in Nov., 1874, where he 
 has since resided. Was Mayor of Hop- 
 kinton in 1877 ; married Martha White 
 in Warsaw, N. Y., Jan. 6, 1840. She 
 was born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., July 
 23, 1817, and died at Plum Creek Sept. 
 16, 1869. They had eight children, 
 seven living — Adelma, Mary, Ann, El- 
 len, Albina, Etta and Adele ; one dead 
 — EInora. He married his present wife, 
 Aurilla Farrand, in Sandusky, N. Y., 
 Sept. 22, 1871. She was born in Fair- 
 field, Vt., Aug. 15, 1835. They have 
 two children — Winnie and Alice. 
 Mason Wm. farmer. 
 Mathers C. teamster ; Sand Spring. 
 Mather Francis, teamster; P. 0. Sand 
 
 Spring. 
 Mathers T. far. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Matheson A. far. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
674 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Mathoson Hugh, Constable ; Hopkinton. 
 McARTHl^R JAMES, Flour Deal- 
 er; Hdpkititon ; was born in Scott Co., 
 Iowa, May 4, 1881), and lived there thirty- 
 one years ; then came here, and has been 
 here since ; while in Scott Co., he was 
 engaged in farming ; since coming here, 
 has been engaged in merchandising and 
 in stock and grain business, handling 
 stock and grain three years ; about six 
 months ago, commenced to deal in flour 
 exclusively ; has the entire flour trade 
 of Hopkinton. except what is done at 
 the mill; sells about 100 barrels per 
 month; was married Feb. 1-1, 1863, to 
 Miss M. J. Moore, who was born in Cin- 
 cinnati in 1841. Presb. ; Rep.; has 
 one child living — Anna E. 
 
 McBride David, druggist; Hopkinton. 
 
 McBride T. H. Prof Mathematics, Lenox 
 Collegiate Institute; Hopkinton. 
 
 McCartney N. far. ; S. 23 ; Sand Spring. 
 
 McCollough Wm. farmer ; Sec 17 ; P. 0. 
 Hopkinton. 
 
 McCutchin Samuel, laborer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 McDonald J. H. student; Hopkinton. 
 
 McDonough Jno. f\ir. ; S 21 ; P. 0. Sand 
 Spring. 
 
 McDonough M. far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Sand 
 Spring. 
 
 McDonough T. far. ; S. 28 ; P. O. Sand 
 Spring. 
 
 McGinnis Wm. farmer. 
 
 McGinty Michael, P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 McVey A. far. ; S. 3() ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 IMcVey J. far. ; S. 14 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 McVey J. W. far. ; S. 13 ; P. 0. Sand 
 Spring. 
 
 Merriam C. E. Postmaster ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Mcrriam H. C. merchant; Hopkinton. 
 
 Melchert M. farmer. 
 
 Milroy Peter, grain dealer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Molthrope W. K. P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 MorL'an Jas. ; P. O. Hopkinton. 
 
 M0R<;AN wm. B. Merchant ; Hop- 
 kinton ; was born in 1830 in New York ; 
 while very young, his parents moved to 
 Pa. ; when 15 years did came to this 
 county and settled near here ; is by trade 
 a carpenter and joiner ; went into the 
 army in 18(il, in'Co. K, 12th I. V. I. ; 
 was discharged at Pittsburg Landing 
 in 18li2, and then came back here ; in 
 18()3, went into the mercantile business ; 
 was in business about six years, and then 
 .>^old out, and went on a farm where he 
 
 lived eight years, then commenced busi- 
 ness here again. Was married in Dec, 
 1854, to Sarah Douglass, from Ohio ; has 
 two children — James and Charles ; Rep. 
 
 Morrison J. E. far.; S. 15; P.O. Sand Spring 
 
 Morrison J. far.; Sec. IG; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Morrison Wm. retired ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Moseroy Alex. 
 
 Moulton Simon, stone mason ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Mullen J. far. ; See. 9. 
 
 Munster P. far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Murray James, far. ; Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Sand 
 Spring. 
 
 Myers A. B. stone mason ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Myers S. K. P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Myers W. W. livery stable ; Hopkinton. 
 
 ^TEEL ALEX, farmer; Sec. 22; P. 
 
 XN 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 /^~\'SHAY James. laborer; Hopkinton. 
 
 Overing E. J. wagon mkr. ; Sand Spring. 
 Overing Jas. retired ; Sand Spring. 
 Overing W. A.mitnufacturer ; Sand Spring. 
 
 PAINE DEWIT, Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Sand 
 Spring. 
 
 Paine P. A. far. ; S. 25 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 Patterson W. A. farmer ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
 Sand Spring. 
 
 Paul Frank, teacher; Hopkinton. 
 
 Paul Henry, laborer; Hopkinton. 
 
 Pelts Peter, farmer. 
 
 Perkins E. C, teacher; Hopkinton. 
 
 Perley C. C. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 Peters Fred, Sand Spring. 
 
 Petrie Wm. teamster ; Sand Spring. 
 
 Phillips C. far. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 Pierce D. C. 
 
 Pierce H. M. 
 
 Pierce N. E. photographer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Piatt Milton, laborer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 POPE B. F. Farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
 Sand Spring ; was born in St. Lawrence 
 Co., N. ¥., in May, 1805 ; lived there, 
 engaged in farming, until 1856, and then 
 mi.ved to Elkhorn, Wis. ; while there, 
 was in mercantile and grain buying busi- 
 ness ; in 1861. he came to this place, 
 settled on his present site, and has since 
 lived here engaged in farming ; owns a 
 farm of 45 acres. Was married in 
 August, 1857, to Miss Bristol, who was 
 born in Genesee Co., N. Y., in 1821; 
 ! two children — Mary H. Bowen and 
 Hattie E. Republican. Was Magis- 
 ' tratc two years, and Road Supervisor 
 one year. 
 
SOUTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 675 
 
 Porter Henry, lab.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 QUIRK, EDMUND, farmer; Sec. H5; 
 P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 Quirk J. far. ; S. 35 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 Quirk 11. far. ; S. 86 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 REED H. W. farmer, Sec. -i ; P. O. 
 Hopkinton. 
 
 Reed A. G.; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 Reed Jas.; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 Reed J. A.; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 Reed J. S. far.; S. H2 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 REEVES C. E. Butcher; P. 0. Hop- 
 kinton ; was born in Lorain Co., Ohio, 
 in June, 1841 ; when about 21, learned 
 the photographer's business, at Colum- 
 bus, and worked at it about two or three 
 years ; was sick then for about three 
 years ; then went to Grand Rapids, 
 Mich., where he was engaged in travel- 
 ing for a confectionery house and clerk- 
 ing in a grocery store ; returned to 
 Ohio in about two years, and went to 
 butchering ; engaged in that about 
 two or three years, and then came to 
 Hopkinton and engaged at once in 
 the butcher business, and has continued 
 at it since. Was married in April, 
 1873, to Emma Root, who was born in 
 Lorain Co., Ohio, in 1843 ; two children 
 — Edward C. and Willie R. Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 Reeves Isaac, butcher ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Rickets C. H. far.; S. 16 ; P.O. Hopkinton. 
 
 Ricketts H. far.; S. 16 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Rodgers A. E. student ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Rollins J. A. sta. agt. D. S. W. R'y ; P. 
 0. Sand Spring. 
 
 Roth Peter, farmer. 
 
 Rush John, com. trav.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Rutter E. carpenter ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Rutter H. E. carp.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Rutter J. A. laborer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Rynders A. shoemkr ; Sand S])ring. 
 
 SCHLEMLEIN J. R. Sr. tailor; P. 
 0. Hopkinton. 
 Schlemlein J. R. Jr. wagon mkr.; Hop- 
 kinton. 
 Samuels Frank, farmer. 
 Seager Jas. 
 
 Shane R. far.; S. 34 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 Shimeal C. F. harness mkr.; Hopkinton. 
 Shoemaker T. far.; S.26 ; P.O.Sand Spring. 
 Shuster Cris. farmer. 
 
 Slausen F. D. far.; S.25; P.O.Sand Spring. 
 Slausen Jas. P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 Slausen N. far. ; S. 22 ; P.O. Sand Spring. 
 
 SliAlISEN H, n. Retired Farmer ; 
 Sand Spring ; was born in Montgomery 
 Co., N. Y.,^ in March 18(14, and lived 
 there until 1851 ; when 14 years 
 old, commenced teaming and teamed 
 six years ; then learned the cooper's 
 trade and worked at that about thirty 
 years; he came hei'e in 1851, and com- 
 menced farming and continued at that 
 until five years ago when he moved into 
 town ; owns ^'-00 acres of land. Wa.s 
 married Nov. 23, 1828, to Laura Eldred; 
 has six children — Nelson, Douglas, 
 James, Malvina, Fannie and Ella. Dem- 
 ocrat. 
 Smith A. W, carpenter, Hopkinton. 
 
 Smith H. far.; S. 4; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 SMITH ISAAC, Retired ; Hopkin- 
 ton ; was born in Berkshire Co., Mass., 
 in November, 1803 ; lived there until 14 
 years old and then moved to Ohio ; in 
 1830, went back to New York and 
 remained until 1846, when he came to 
 this county and moved on to a farm 
 six miles west of Hopkinton; in 1855, 
 he moved into Hopkinton, there being 
 only two houses here at the time ; until 
 that time was engaged principally in 
 farming, and since then has been work- 
 ing at carpenter's trade. Was married 
 in 1826 to Lucy Crozier, who was born 
 in Mass., in 1809; has four children 
 living — Catherine, Angeline, Perry L., 
 and Eliza; three dead. Was in the 
 army three years, in Co. F, 37th Iowa, 
 the "grey beards;" was Sheriff here 
 four years, and Assessor at the same 
 time. Republican. Presbyterian. 
 
 Smith J. A. laborer, Hopkinton. 
 
 Smith J. D. T. farmer; Sec. 11; P. 0. 
 Sand Spring. 
 
 Smith P. D. lumber dealer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Smith P L. painter; Hopkinton. 
 
 Snickles Geo. laborer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Spaulding M. L. 
 
 Spence Wni. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Sand 
 Spring. 
 
 Sylvester J. W. laborer; Hopkinton. 
 
 rr^ATE A. brick maker; Hopkinton. 
 
 TAPPIXG L.. C. Hopkinton ; was 
 born in Burlington, Vt., March 22, 
 1812, where he resided until the age of 
 30, when he went to Washington Co., 
 N. Y., working at the iron business for 
 ten years; he then moved to McKarie 
 
676 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 Co., Pa., remaining there until his re- 
 moval to Hopkinton in 185G, where he 
 has since resided, having been en- 
 gaged in blauksmithing and repairing 
 machinery until five years since, when 
 he built the " Central House," of which 
 he is still proprietor. He married his 
 first wife, Miss Ruth Bennett, of Rich- 
 mond, Vt., Jan 7, 1833 ; she died Aug. 
 30, 1857 ; they had ten children, one 
 only living — Horace T. His second 
 wife was Susan Mariam, whom he mar- 
 ried Jan. 14, 1858 ; she died October, 
 1859. His third wife was Lydia Light- 
 ner ; was married to her Jan. 27, 186U ; 
 she died in 1862. Married his fourth 
 and present wife, Elizabeth J. Gilbert, 
 March 12, 1865. He has an adopted 
 daughter, formerly Eva Robbnew, named 
 Eva Adeline Tapping. 
 
 Tate D. H. brick maker ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Tate John W. P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Taylor W. H. carpenter ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Tertelotte S. J. ins. agt. ; P. 0. Hopkin- 
 ton. 
 
 Tesser Thos. lab. ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Thompson E. W. lab. ; Sand Spring. 
 
 Thompson Thos. Pastor M. E. Church ; 
 P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Tibbits J. far. ; S. 10 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Tibbits Samuel. 
 
 Tuttle A. Justice of the Peace; Sand 
 Spring. 
 
 YANCE W. H. farmer ; P. 0. Hop- 
 kinton. 
 
 WESTCOTT P. F. jeweler; P. 0. 
 Hopkinton. 
 WALLACE, JOHN J. Dealer in 
 Hardware ; Hopkinton ; was born in 
 in Orange Co., N. Y., Sept. 27, 1841 ; 
 he lived there until December, 1863, 
 when he came here ; he lived on a farm 
 until he was 21, when he commenced 
 work as a tinner ; after moving West he 
 worked at that trade two years, and 
 then went back to New York ; remained 
 there one year and then returned to this 
 place ; cngatrod in various occupations 
 until 1S73, when he went into the hard- 
 ware business as one of the firm of 
 Crawford & Wallace; in 1875 bought 
 out his partner, and has since conducted 
 the business himself; was married in 
 January, 1876, to Ella Kentz, who was 
 born in Linn Co., Iowa; one child; Re- 
 publican. 
 
 WARNER PETER H. Was bom 
 
 in Cobleskill, Schoharie Co., N. Y., 
 Oct. 20, 1821, and resided in that por- 
 tion of the town which was subse(juent- 
 lyset oif to the new town of Richmond- 
 ville until April 23, 1856, then removed 
 to Hopkinton, Delaware Co., Iowa, ar- 
 riving there on the 30th day of the 
 same month, where he has continued to 
 reside until the present time. He 
 ■served a clerkship at general merchan- 
 dising from September, 1839, until 
 April 1 843, and from that time was en- 
 gaged in mercantile pursuits (for him- 
 self and others) until his removal to 
 Hopkinton, since which time his princi- 
 pal occupation has been that of merchan- 
 dising, conjointly with the dental, photo- 
 graphic, watch making and jewelry busi- 
 ness. As Hopkinton increased in popu- 
 lation and other hands were ready to re- 
 ceive those branches, all except the 
 photographic branch were turned over 
 to them. During his residence at Hop- 
 kinton, he held the office of School Di- 
 rector about two years, Township Clerk 
 abiiut five years, Postmaster eight 
 years. Justice of the Peace eight years, 
 Notary Public ten years, and Secretary 
 of the Board of Directors of the Inde- 
 pendent School District of Hopkinton 
 five years, still retaining the two last 
 mentioned offices. He established the 
 first drug, dental, photographic and 
 watch making and jewelry business at 
 Hopkinton, and called the first meeting 
 ever held in the interest of the Daven- 
 port & Northwestern Railway Company. 
 Photography, surveying and convey- 
 ancing are the principal branches of 
 business which engage his attention at 
 the present time. He was married at 
 Richmondville, N. Y., on the 28th day 
 of February, 1844, to Lucina K. West- 
 cott, who was born at Milford, Otsego 
 Co., N. Y., on the 20th day of Novem- 
 ber, 1824 ; have two children, both born 
 at Richmondville — Theresa E., Sept. 21, 
 1845, and Melville 0., Aug, 7, 1851. 
 Theresa E. was married to Willis E. 
 Brown May 16, 1866, and who soon 
 after removed to Manchester, Delaware 
 ' Co., Iowa, where she now resides with her 
 I husband. They have one son — Willis 
 ' Warner Brown, aged 7 years. Mel. 
 ville 0. also resides at Manchester. 
 
RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ♦377 
 
 Westcott S. farmer ; P. 0. Sand Sprim 
 
 Wheeler Lewis, farmer. 
 
 White Barney, farmer. 
 
 Whitney R. W. laborer ; Sand Spring. 
 
 Willard A. laborer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Willard Daniel, carpenter; Hopkinton. 
 
 Willard F. B. laborer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Willard Harrison, laborer. 
 
 Willard P. H. laborer; Hopkinton. 
 
 Willard Bufus, laborer ; Hopkinton. 
 
 Wilson Allen, farmer. 
 
 Wilson D. A. farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Wilson Robt, far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Wilkinson William. 
 Williambush Hermann, far.; S. 3 ; P. 0. 
 
 Worthington. 
 Williamson J. T. stock dealer ; Hopkinton. 
 Williamson W. R. druggist; Hopkinton. 
 Wood F. E. far.; S. 20 ; P. 0. Sand Spring. 
 Wylie R. Pastor Covenanters' Church ; 
 
 Hopkinton 
 YonkerJ. H. retired far.; P.O. Sand Spring. 
 
 RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ALLEN JESSE. Sr. farmer; Sec. 26 ; 
 P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 AL.L.EN J. L. Farmer; Sec. 22; P. 
 0. Forestville ; owns one-third interest 
 in the Allen estate, which consists of 
 16U acres of land, worth $3,500"; born 
 in Illinois Jan. 14, 1852 ; came to this 
 county with his parents in 1854, where 
 he married Margaret Bentz Oct. 5, 
 1873 ; she was born in Buffalo, N. Y., 
 April 30, 1854 ; they have oue son — 
 George A., born May 20, 1876. Is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 Alstine Geo. far. ; Sec. 7 ; P. O. Campton. 
 
 ASPL.UND ISAAC, Farmer ; Sec. 
 3 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; owns 90 
 acres, worth $2,500 ; was born near 
 Briston, England, June 22. 1819, where 
 he married Mary Mason April 1, 1840, 
 who died in July, 1866 ; came to Amer- 
 ica in 1847, and settled in Racine Co., 
 Wis.; came to this county in 1854, 
 where he married Rebecca Ward July 
 
 20, 1867; she was born in Wayne Co., 
 Ind., Dec. 20, 1827; has two children 
 by his first wife — Mary and Betsy ; his 
 children by this marriage are Susan, 
 born May 15, 1868, and Bert, June 9, 
 1874. Is a Democrat. 
 
 BAILEY WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 
 22 ; P. O. Forestville. 
 Beach W. C. far. ; S. 14 : P. 0. Forestville. 
 BENTZ J. G. Farmer ; Sec. 14 ; P. 
 0. Forestville; owns 100 acres of laud, 
 worth $2,000 ; born in Germany Sept. 
 
 21, 1821, where he married Dora Pfleger 
 November, 1842; she was born in Ger- 
 many May 27, 1824; camo to America 
 and settled in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1844, 
 
 and to this county in 1854 ; their chil- 
 dren are — Sophroina, born Nov. 1, 
 1843; Mary, born in Buffalo Dec. 18, 
 1847 ; Margaret, born in Buffalo April 
 30, 1854 ; Louisa, born in Iowa Dec. 
 18, 1856, and Matilda, born Dec. 29, 
 1858; four children deceased ; is a Re- 
 publican in politics. 
 
 Briggs D. blacksmith; Forestville. 
 
 Briggs Ed. 1 iborer ; Edgewood. 
 
 Briogs Geo. lab. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Britt Horace, farmer ; S. 7 ; P. 0. Camp- 
 ton. 
 
 Burroughs Erastus, mason ; Forestville. 
 
 /~^ARY J. far. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Cassey M. carpenter; Forestville. 
 
 Clark Oliver, far. ; S. 14 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 €Ii ARK THOMAS, Farmer ; Sees. 
 14, 11 and 24; P. 0. Forestville; born 
 in Yorkshire, Eng., June 2, 1830. He 
 emigrated to the United States of 
 America and settled on his present 
 farm, now consisting of 320 acres, 
 worth $9,000, in 1854, where he mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Wharton July 20, 1855. 
 She was born in Cumberland Co., Eng., 
 Nov. 20, 1828. Her parents emigrated 
 to the United States of America when 
 she was but 4 years old. Oliver C, 
 John W., Mary A., Thomas J., Carrie 
 C, Harriett E., Cora E.. x\nnie L., 
 Florence and Flora (^twins), and Fred- 
 erick F. are the names of their children. 
 Mr. C. has been President of the School 
 Board ten years. 
 
 Coleman A. C. far. ; S. 34 ; P.O. Forestville. 
 
 Coleman M. renter ; S. 21; P.O. Forestville. 
 
 Cooper J. renter ; S. 7; P.O. Wards Corner 
 
67S 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY : 
 
 COWLES ERKEST E. Farm- 
 er; Sec. 19; P. O. Campton ; born in 
 the house where he now lives Nov. 3, 
 1856 ; married Mary E. Bishop Dec. 
 23, 1877, who was born in Michigan, 
 Jan. 6, 1857 ; is a Republican in politics. 
 
 COWI.es H. D. Butter Maker; 
 Sec. li) ; P. 0. Campton; owns cream- 
 ery, value $2,000; capable of handling 
 5,000 pounds ofmilk daily ; is now pre- 
 paring to manufacture cheese in connec- 
 tion with the creamery ; born in Hardin 
 Co., Mass., Dec. 30, 1832 ; came to this 
 county in 1854, where he married Sarah 
 Em< rson Nov. 30, 1859, who was born 
 in Erie Co., N. Y., Feb. 7, 1829; their 
 children are Charles R., born Jan. 14, 
 ' 1861, and John H., Jan. 12., 1863 ; en- 
 listed in 7th Iowa C. Oct. 10, 1864 ; 
 was honorably discharged Oct. 10, 
 1865; is a Republican and Close Com- 
 munion Baptist. 
 
 DAVIS GERMAN, farmer ; Sec. 5 ; 
 P. 0. Strawberry Point. 
 
 DAVIS C. R. Farmer and Manufac- 
 turer of Lime ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Strawberry 
 Point ; owns forty acres, which, with 
 three lime kilns, is valued at f 1,500 
 born in Windsor Co., Vt., July 4, 1804 
 inarried Percis Hunt Oct. 31, 1842 
 she was born in same county Feb. 19, 
 1811 ; came to this county and settled 
 on his present farm in Sept., 1 850 ; their 
 children are Emeline, born June 16, 
 1846; German, Dec. 11, 1853, and 
 Watson, Oct. 20, 1856; Ozias, their 
 oldest son, was born Oct. 16, 1843 ; en- 
 listed in the 16th la. V. I., and died in 
 the hospital of the measles. 
 
 Davis J. W. far. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Donath E. far. ; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Campton. 
 
 Donath F. far.; Sec. 7; P. 0. Campton. 
 
 Donak Jos. far.; S. 17 : P. 0. Campton. 
 
 I>OYI.E HENRY, Farmer; Sees. 
 4 and 5 ; P. 0. Forestville ; born in 
 Ireland in 1826; he emigrated to the 
 United States of America in 1837. 
 making his first settleruent in Renssa- 
 laer Co., N. Y.; in 1842, he came to 
 Chillicothe, Ross Co., Ohio, where he 
 served an apprenticeship at the cabinet 
 business; in 1847, he came West and 
 settled in Galena, 111., where he married 
 Henrietta J. Dunn April 15, 1852; she 
 was born in Johnson Co., Ind., April 
 12, 1834; in 1853. they emigrated to 
 
 Jackson Co., Iowa, returning to Du- 
 buque in 1857, where he was engaged 
 in the cabinet business ; in 1862, they 
 came to this county, and in 1875 settled 
 on their present farm, consisting of 160 
 acres, worth $7,000. William, bora 
 Jan. 29, 1853; Martha L., born Sept. 
 6, 1854; John M., born April 20, 
 1856; Ilettie, born Aug. 8, 1860; 
 Emma May, born March 13, 1862, are 
 the names and births of their children. 
 
 Doyle Wm. far.; S. 24 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Doyle J. M. far.; S. 24 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 DUBOIS JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 23; 
 P. 0. Taylorsville ; owns 128 acres, and 
 town property in Manchester to the 
 value of S4,000 ; born in Cayuga 
 Co., N. Y . Feb. 3, 1832 ; came to To- 
 ledo, Ohio, in 1851. and to this county 
 in 1857, first settling in Delhi, where 
 he married Marion Walters Oct. 22, 
 1857, who was born in Mahoning Co., 
 Ohio, March 22, 1840; enlisted in 21st 
 Regiment la. V. I., Co. H, Aug. 22, 
 1861, and participated in the battles of 
 Vicksburg, Spanish Ford and Blakely, 
 and at the capture of Mobile; honor- 
 ably discharged in August, 1864; they 
 have one child living — Edward, born 
 Sept. 19, 1866; one adopted child — 
 Gertrude, born May 17, 1873; and one 
 child deceased — Florence, born Dec, 9,. 
 1859, and died April 7, 1863 ; is a Re- 
 publican and Universalist. 
 
 Dunsmore Joe, far.; S. 6 ; P. 0. Straw- 
 berry Point. 
 
 Dunsmore Mills, far.; S. 6 ; P O. Straw- 
 berry Point. 
 
 Dunsmore William, far.; S. 6 ; P. 0. Straw- 
 berry Point. 
 
 DIIRHAM JOHN, Farmer; S. 13 ; 
 P. 0. Forestville; owns 275 acres, value 
 110,000 ; born in Yorkshire, England. 
 June 20, 1820; came to America in 
 1828 with parents, who settled in Lower 
 Canada ; married Mary Dunham in Cas- 
 tleton, Vt., April 22, 1852 ; she was born 
 in Clinton Co., N. Y. ; they settled on 
 their present farm in the Spring of 1854. 
 At that time, there was not a house be- 
 tween him and York ; on his first trip 
 to Delhi to pay his taxes, he stopped 
 where Manchester now is, to get some 
 crackers and cheese, but there was none 
 to be had. Their children are Sarah 
 J., born in Salem, N. Y., June 18, 1853 ; 
 
RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 619 
 
 I 
 
 Martha A., April 2G, 1850; Charles 
 H., April 24, 1860, and Eddie S., Dec. 
 14, 186() ; is a Democrat and a member 
 of the M. E. Church. 
 T^AFFEL VANCEL, farmer; S. 20; 
 J P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Ferguson Charles, for.; S. 11 ; P. O. For- 
 estville. 
 
 Field Smith, far.; Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Forest- 
 ville. 
 
 FOLSOM H. H. Farmer and Man- 
 ufacturer of Lime ; Sec. (5 ; P. 0. Straw- 
 berry Point; owns 87 1 acres in this 
 county, and 250 acres in Clayton Co., 
 valued at $4,000 ; born in Canaan, N. 
 H., Feb. 21, 1825 ; came to Winnebago 
 Co., 111., in 1834, where he married 
 Harriet E. Russell, who is now de- 
 ceased ; married again Mary A. Parker 
 September 15, 1866; she was born 
 February 10, 1836; their children are 
 Harriet, born September 11, 1867; 
 Lora M., Dec. 6, 1870; Charles H., 
 May, 1873, and Mary E , July 6, 1848 ; 
 Alice H., Nov. 21, 1854; Willie, 
 September 26, 1866 ; has two children 
 by his first wife — Frank E., born Dec. 
 7, 1852 ; Harrison E., Sept. 2, 1856 ; 
 Mr. F. settled in Clayton Co. in 1852. 
 
 Fruman J. H. lab.; S. 23; P. 0. Forest- 
 ville. 
 
 GLEASON J. A. farmer; Sec. 1 ; P. 
 0. Strawberry Point. 
 
 GL.EA|i$OX A.W. Farmer ; Sec. 1 ; 
 P. 0. Strawberry Point ; owns, with 
 his brother, 300 acres, worth $9,000 ; 
 born in Worcester, Mass., Feb. 21, 
 1831 ; came to De Kalb Co., 111., where 
 he married Frances E. Fritts March 22, 
 1858; she was born in Providence, N. 
 Y., Nov. 16, 1837 ; their children are 
 Sarah E., born in De Kalb Co., 111., 
 March 22, 1860 ; Hattie M., born in 
 same county June 30, 1862 ; Mary E., 
 born in this county July 8, 1866 ; Frank 
 B., born in this county Sept. 1, 1868 ; 
 is a Republican in politics. 
 
 Gilbert Daniel, grocer ; Forestville. 
 
 Gilbert L. far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Gilbert N. far. ; S. 10 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Ginger A. S.far.; S. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Gratkie T. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 GRAVE!^ HENRY W. Farmer ; 
 Sec. 24 ; P. O. Forestville ; owns 100 
 acres worth $3.500 ; born in Jackson 
 Co., Iowa, Nov. 7, 1841 ; came to this 
 
 county, with parents, in 1851, first set- 
 tling in Colony Township ; married 
 Nancy Cuppett Dec. 17, 1866 ; i^he was 
 born in Bedford Co., Pa., Dec. 10, 1845 ; 
 settled on present farm Jan. 2, 1867 ; 
 their children are Lienella, born June 
 13, 1868; Mary L., Sept. 30, 1871, 
 and Belinda, Aug. 31, 1875 ; is a Dem- 
 ocrat and member of the M. E. Church. 
 HEBRON GEORGE Jr. farmer; 
 Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 HAWIiEY GEORii^E C. Farm- 
 er ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Camjtton ; owns 
 440 acres, valued at $13,500 ; born in 
 Canada East April 25, 1826; went to 
 Kane Co.,. 111., in May, 1849; married 
 Aurelia Lake Feb. 6, 1 855 ; she was 
 born in Upper Canada May 26, 1831 ; 
 previous to marriage he went to Califor- 
 nia, where he remained three years, 
 engaged in mining ; returned in 1853, 
 and settled on his presi nt farm in 1855 ; 
 his children are Frank, born Dec. 30, 
 1862; Katie, Dec. 9, 1865; George, 
 May 16, 1872, and Charles, April 29, 
 1874 ; one child deceased — Alice, born 
 April 6, 1859, died Dec. 18, 186G; is 
 a Republican and Free-Will Baptist. 
 
 HEBRON CiiEORGE, Farmer and- 
 Dairyman ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Forestville 
 owns 200 acres, valued at $8,000 ; born 
 in Yorkshire, England, May 9, 1826, 
 where he married Hannah Walt Dec. 
 20, 1850 ; she was born in same place 
 Sept. 1, 1820 ; came to America, and 
 settled in Buffiilo, N. Y., April, 1853 ; 
 settled on his present farm in March, 
 1856 ; carries on the dairy business 
 quite extensively ; forty cows ; Mrs 
 Hebron returned to England on a visit 
 in 1872, and their daughter, Eliza, took 
 the same trip in 1876 ; his children are 
 Eliza, born Oct. 3, 1851 ; George A., 
 Feb. 14, 1856; Eleanor E., Oct. 4, 
 1858 ; they have an adopted son — Geo. 
 J., born June 27, 1862, who came to 
 America with Mrs. H. in 1872; they 
 have lost one child — Albert, born Feb. 
 18, 1854, and died Sept. 14, 1854; 
 Mrs. H. has one son by a former mar- 
 riage named William Walt, born Oct. 7, 
 1844; is a Republican and Methodist. 
 
 Hebron W. H. far. ; S. 11 ; P. 0. Forest- 
 
 HEBRON WILLIAH, Farmer; 
 Sec. 11; P. 0. Forestville ; born in 
 
680 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Yorkshire, England, Nov. 22, 1822 ; he 
 married Christiana Chapman July 29, 
 1849 ; she was born in Ingleby, En- 
 gland, Sept. 6, 1S22; they emigrated to 
 the United States in Sept. 1855, first 
 settling in Buffalo, N. Y., and, in 1857, 
 came to this county and settled on his 
 present farm, consisting of IGO acres, 
 worth S-i,t>(»0. Elizabeth, born Oct. 
 8, 185U; Mary E., iMay 9, 1852; Wm. 
 H., Aug. 20, 1856 ; Edward and Edwin 
 (twins), Feb. 10, 1858; James S., 
 March lU, 1860, and John, Feb. 16, 
 1862, are the names and births of their 
 children. Republican. 
 
 Hickox George, carp.; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 HICK OX RYAL., Farmer; Sec. 
 1-4 ; P. 0. Forestville ; born in Cort- 
 land Co., N. Y., Dec. 19, 1821. He 
 married Polly Fish March 31,1844; 
 slie was born in Cortland Co., N. Y., 
 March 2,1822; in May, 1845, they 
 moved to Canada and settled near Port 
 Rowan ; again returning to New York, 
 where they remained till 1853, then re- 
 turning to Canada ; and in 1858, they 
 came to Stephenson Co., 111. ; in 1863, 
 they emigrated to this county, and in 
 1 876, settled on their present farm, con- 
 sisting of eighty acres, worth $2,800. 
 George M.,born Nov. 18, 1844, is their 
 only child. Democrat; was elected 
 Justice of the Peace in 1876. 
 
 Hollister W. H. Jr. creamery; Sec. 1; 
 P. 0. Strawberry Point. 
 
 Hooker C. W. farmer; Sec. 25; P.O. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Hooker H. far.; S. 25 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Hooker R. D. farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
 Forestville. 
 
 HOUSilIAN THOMAS, Butter 
 Maker; Sec. 32; P. 0. Manchester; 
 owns 360 acres in Buchanan and Dela- 
 ware Counties ; born in Orleans Co., N. 
 Y., March 19, 1827 ; came to Michigan 
 with parents in 1838, where he married 
 Mary Ann Bcardsley Jan. 1, 1853 ; 
 married Barbara Wittman March 4, 
 1866 ; she was born in Germany, July 
 21, 1839 ; came to this county in March, 
 1866; they have one child — Laura 
 Housraan, born Oct. 15, 1865. 
 
 Howland B. far. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Strawberry 
 Point. 
 
 IVES J. B. farmer; Sec. 28 ; P. O. 
 Forestville. 
 
 Ives S. farmer; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 KALTENBACH LUTHER, farmer ; 
 Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 Katsaler J. far. ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Campton. 
 Keanna J. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Campton. 
 Kelsey W. fiir. ; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Strawberry 
 
 Point. 
 Kenyon W. far. ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Campton. 
 
 LAITY RICHARD, farmer; Sec. 10; 
 P. 0. Forestville. 
 Larabee A. M. far. ; S. 21 ; P. O. Forest- 
 
 I.AWRENCE ALBERT E. 
 
 Farmer; Sec. 12; P. 0. Forestville; 
 owns eighty acres worth $2,500 ; born 
 in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., March 4, 
 1835 ; came to Clayton Co., Iowa, in 
 1855, where he married Mary D. Sim- 
 mons May 6, 1862, who was born in 
 Madison Co., N. Y., Feb. 6, 1844 ; 
 settled on his present farm in March, 
 1865; Nellie, born March 9, 1864, is 
 their only child ; is a RepubHcan. 
 
 Lawrence L. far. ; S. 34 ; P.O. Forestville. 
 
 Lee J. P. laborer ; Forestville. 
 
 Lee Walter, laborer ; Forestville. 
 
 Letts M. far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Loop A. H. far. ; S. 25 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 nVyTcFARLAND JIM. saloon; Forest- 
 Marsh C. lal)orer ; Forestville. 
 
 MIDDLETON HUGH, Farmer ; 
 Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Forestville ; owns 170 
 acres, value $5,000 ; owns stock in Iowa 
 Union Creamery, in Clayton Co. ; born 
 in Hereford Co., England, Nov. 23, 
 1839 ; came to America in 1850, and 
 to this county in 1854 ; married Esther 
 Ann Laity Nov. 29, 1869 ; she was born 
 in Jo Daviess Co., 111., April 29, 1852; 
 their children are Mary L., born May 22, 
 1871, and Arthur H., April 16, 1874; 
 Mr. M.'s father was born in England, 
 Aug. 3, 1803, and his mother was born 
 in Hereford, England, Aug. 25, 1800 ; 
 they now reside with their .son in this 
 town. Mr. M. is a Republican. 
 
 Mattice G. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Messenger S. H. farmer ; Sec. 6 ; P. O. 
 Strawberry Point. 
 
 Middleton Wm. far.; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Forest- 
 ville. 
 
 Millett M. farmer; Sec. 18; P. 0. Camp- 
 ton. 
 
 Miilett R. farmer; Sec. 18; P. 0. Camp- 
 ton. 
 
RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 681 
 
 MILL.ETT Wm. J. Farmer; Sec. 
 7 ; P. 0. Campton ; owns 160 acres, val- 
 ued at S4,000 ; born in Lenawee Co., 
 Mich., Oct. 12,1834; in 1845, he, with 
 his parents, settled in Jo Daviess Co., 111. ; 
 married Caroline A. Wiltse, in this 
 county, Ma_y 3, 1855, and settled on his 
 prcseni farm in the Fall of the same 
 jear ; Mrs. M. was born in Canada 
 March 7, 1828. Enlisted in the 27th 
 T. V. I., Co. F, Aug. 8, 1862 ; was en- 
 gaged in the battles of Pleasant Hill, 
 Old Town Creek, Nashville, Fort Blake- 
 ly and others ; was honorably discharged 
 Aug. 8, 1865 ; is now Justice of the 
 Peace ; has held the office of Constable 
 and Township Trustee ; his children are 
 William B., born Sept. 15, 1857; 
 George W., Feb. 18, 1862 ; Elmer D., 
 June 13, 1866; Hiram, March 22, 
 1868, and Dora B., Dec. 1, 1870; one 
 child deceased — Emma, born Sept. 1, 
 1859, died March 10, 1872. 
 
 Mitchell J. laborer ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Myers G. farmer ; Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Forest- 
 ville. 
 
 ^^TEWATNEY W. far. ; S. 17 ; P. 0. 
 
 J_\| Campton. 
 
 ODELL FRANK, laborer; Sec. 22; 
 P. 0. Forestville. 
 OISGRRBY JABEZ, Farmer; Sec. 
 35 ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 170 acres, 
 worth $4,000 ; born in Lancashire, Eug., 
 Jan. 1, 1826; came to America in the 
 Spring of 1849, first settling in Racine 
 Co., Wis., where he married Mary 
 Metheringham June 25, 1849 ; she was 
 born in the same place Feb. 17, 1827 ; 
 their children are Lucy, born Sept. 10, 
 1851 ; George, Feb. 27, 1858, and 
 Grassani, Feb. 20, 1860; is a Democrat 
 and Free Will Baptist. 
 
 PARKER L. farmer; Sec. 12; P.O. 
 Strawberry Point. 
 PETERSON P. A. Farmer; Sec. 
 32; P. 0. Forestville; owns 107 acres, 
 worth $3,000 ; born in Norway July 30, 
 1838 ; came to America and settled in 
 Wis., when quite young ; enlisted in 
 27th Wis. V. L, Co. U, Dec. 18, 1863 ; 
 engaged in the battles of Jenkens' Ferry, 
 Spanish Fort, and others ; honorably 
 discharged Aug. 29, 1865. Married 
 Mary A. Finch May 23, 1867; she 
 was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Sept. 
 9, 1831 ; their children are Albert E., 
 
 born Nov. 12, 1873, and Earl M., 
 March 20, 1877. Is a Republican in 
 politics. 
 
 Prussner C. far.; S. 31 ; P. O. Forestville. 
 
 Prussner F. far. ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Fore.stville. 
 
 Prussner L. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 QUICK S. W. farmer ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
 Forestville. 
 ROSENKRANS JOHN, farmer; Sec 
 24 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 RAY JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 29; P. 
 0. Forestville ; owns 170 acres worth 
 $5,000 ; born in Switzerland June 28, 
 1827 ; came to America in 1850 and 
 settled in Conn., where he married Mary 
 MargrofiPron, deceased ; has two children 
 by this marriage — Mary and Louisa. 
 Came to Buchanan Co. in 1857, and 
 settled on his present farm in 1865. 
 Married Johanna Raymond Dec. 1867, 
 who died Feb. 28, 1876 ; his children 
 by second wife are Charles, born Sept. 
 26, 1868 ; Estella, Dec. 26, 1869, and 
 Lizzie, Feb. 22, 1874. 
 
 Reid C. H. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Reid W. far. ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Reynolds R. D. farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 REYNOLDS STEPHEN R. 
 Farmer ; S. 35 ; P. 0. Manchester ; 
 owns 120 acres, worth $3,000; born in 
 Addison Co., Vt., Aug. 4, 1811, where 
 he married Nancy W. Worley Jan. 1, 
 1840. She was born in Chittenden, 
 Vt., Sept. 12, 1817. They moved the 
 same year to Cooper Co., Mo., and to 
 this county in May, 1847 ; has always 
 taken a deep interest in the welfare 
 of the township, and had the honor of 
 giving it its present name. Their chil- 
 dren are C, born Dec. 19, 1844 ; A. 
 S. R., Dec. 27, 1844; Rodolphus, June 
 20, 1847; Aldrich J., Aug. 27, 1849; 
 Stephen R., March 20, 1855 ; Ernest 
 H. and Elihu H., March 8, 1857 ; is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 Richmond W. F. farmer; S. 5; P. 0. 
 Strawberry Point. 
 
 ROLFE EDWARD, Farmer; S. 
 18; P. 0. Ward's Corners; (jwns 135 
 acres, valued at $4,000 ; born in Kent, 
 Eng., Dec. 19, 1819, where he married 
 Charlotte North Nov. 6, 1846. She 
 was born March 28, 1821. They came 
 to America in 1851, and settled in 
 Stockton Tp., Jo Daviess Co., 111., 
 
6fc2 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 where he remained till April, ISSiJ, 
 when he settled on his presi nt farm ; 
 enlisted in Co. F, 27th I. V. I. Aug. 8, 
 18G2 ; was honorably discharged Aug. 
 15, 18G5. Mr. R. was possessed of 
 limited means when he came to this 
 county, but has, by persistent energy 
 and industry, succeeded in providing for 
 himself a comfortable home. Their 
 children are Edward, born Sept. 27, 
 1847; Ellen, Oct. 21, 1849; Emily, 
 Nov. 9, 1851, and Lydia, April 27, 
 1860; have lost four children, who 
 died in infancy. Is a Republican in 
 politics. 
 
 SANDHAVEN H. far.; S. H3; P. 0. 
 Forestville. 
 
 Sedgwick T. N. far. ; S. 3G ; P. O. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 ISHELDOX W. P. Farmer; S. 8; 
 P. 0. Campton ; owns 110 acres, valued 
 at $3,500 ; born in Allegany, N. Y., 
 July 29, 1827. In 1856, he came to 
 Dane Co., Wis. ; came to this county in 
 1858, where he married Julia A. Smith 
 Dec. 25, 1862, who was born in St. Jo- 
 seph Co., Mich., Sept. 18, 1837. Mr. 
 S. is now Assessor, having held nearly 
 every other township office. Their 
 children are Eva M., born March 8, 
 1864, and Frank W., June 23, 1866. 
 Mr. S.'s father was born in Aug., 1793, 
 and died Feb. 3, 1876, and his mother 
 was born Sept., 1792, and died Oct. 31, 
 1877 ; is a Republican and Free-Will 
 Baptist. 
 
 (^HERWO A. C. Farmer; Sec. 
 23 ; P. O. Forestville ; owns 40 acres, 
 worth SI, 200; born in Allegany Co., 
 N. Y., May 22, 1849; came to Chicago 
 with parents in 1853, and to this county 
 in 1857. Married Mary Wheeler Nov. 
 8, 1868 ; she was born in Chautau(jua 
 Co., N. Y., Jan. 8, 1848; their children 
 are Nellie, born May 22, 1869 ; El- 
 mira, July 1, 1875, a"d Lucius W., 
 March 13, 1877. 
 
 SHEKWIN LUCIUS S. Farmer 
 and Auctioneer; Sec. 23; P. 0. Forest- 
 ville ; born in Bennington Co., Vt., 
 Feb. 25, 1826; went to Friendship, 
 Allegany Co., N. Y., and then to Cuba, 
 N. Y., where he married Angelina 
 Strong June 12, 1848, who was born in 
 Allegany Co., N. Y., July 2, 1834. 
 Came to Chicago, where he was engaged 
 
 as foreman of the sharpening of the 
 first piles driven on the lake shore ; 
 moved to Bennington, and then to this 
 county May 9, 1856, settling in Milo 
 Township ; in 1859 was appointed 
 Deputy Sheriff of this county ; moved 
 to his present farm in 1875. 
 
 Sherwin W. W. far.; S. 23; P. 0. ForeM- 
 ville. 
 
 Shultz C. far.; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Shultz F. far.; Sec. 32; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Shultz G. far. ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Simpson Obed, Jr. farmer; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
 Forestville. 
 
 SMITH HENRY, i Deceased); born 
 in Nova Scotia, April 18, 1822, 
 and died June 19, 1871. He emi- 
 grated to the U. S., and settled in 
 Kane Co., 111., in 1850, where he mar- 
 ried Jane Cook Nov. 15, 1850 ; they 
 emigrated to this county and settled on 
 her present farm in the Fall of 1853, 
 consisting of 315 acres, worth $9,000. 
 George, Richard, Henrietta A. and 
 William H. are her living children ; one 
 child deceased, Mary J. 
 
 Smith R. far. ; Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 SOWLES GEORGE, Proprietor 
 of Forestville Flouring-mills ; located on 
 Sec. 15; P. 0. Forestville; owns 106 
 acres, worth $12,000. Burn in Grand 
 Isle Co., Vt., Jan. 26, 1832, where he 
 married Mary R. Manning Jan. 25, 
 1858; she was born in same county 
 Nov., 1840, and died Aug. 7, 186(); 
 married his present wife, Mary M. 
 Hawley, June 30, 1868; she was born 
 in Lower Canada Nov. 20, 1837 ; in 
 1868, he came to this county ; Aug. 
 7, 1875, he purchased the mill he now 
 owns of James Coleman ; his children 
 are Ellen L., born July 21, 1870, and 
 Julia Grace, Oct. 23, 1873; one child 
 died in infancy; is a Republican in 
 politics. 
 
 Spangenburgh J. far. S. 33 ; P. O. Forewt- 
 ville. 
 
 Stewart J. H. far. ; S. 13 ; P.O. Forestville. 
 
 STEWART J. M. Farmer ; Sec. 13 ; 
 P. 0. Forestville ; owns 200 acres, 
 worth $6,000'; born in Butler Co., Pa., 
 Aug. 8, 1829, where he married Mary 
 A. Tharp May 26, 1853, who died May 
 5,1857 ; has by this marriage, Jas. H. — 
 born Oct. 16, 1854; Eliza E., May 16, 
 1855, and Mary R., May 1, 1857; 
 
RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 683 
 
 came to Jackson Co., Iowa, in 1856, 
 where he married Ann D. Waugh May 
 5, 1859, who died May 24, 1869 ; has 
 by tliis marriage — Kva J., born May 
 26, 1864; Robert W., July 22, 1866, 
 and Oral Etta, March 4, 1868, and one 
 deceased, Mary A., born March 19, 1860, 
 and died June 7, 1864 ; married Lousia 
 M. Spurgeon Sept. 8, 1870 ; was born 
 in Cedar Co., Iowa, July 28, 1 845 ; they 
 came to their present farm in 1876 ; 
 their children are Frank J., born Sept. 
 17, 1872, and Chas. H., Sept. 4, 1875. 
 STOBfE E. D. Farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. 
 
 0. Manchester ; owns oOO acres, worth 
 $7,500 ; born in Orleans Co., Vt., June 
 
 1, 1829; came to Kane Co., 111., in 
 1852, and to this county in 1854 ; re- 
 turned to Vermont in 1858, where he 
 married Sylvia Richardson Dec. 6, 
 of the same year ; she was born in 
 Chittenden Co., Vt., Aug. 13, 1832; 
 their children are John E., born Nov. 
 21,1859; Amanda, Sept. 23, 1861; 
 Daniel L., May 11, 1863; Mary E., 
 April 3, 1865 ;' Harriet N., May 3, 1867; 
 Cora A., Aug. 17, 1869 ; Anna L., 
 March 9, 1871, and Sherman M., Nov. 
 17, 1872, who died Nov. 9, 1876 ; is a 
 Rep. and United Brethren. 
 
 Stronska. Jos. for.; S. 20 ; P. 0. Campton. 
 
 STRONG PHIL.IP A. Farmer; 
 Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Strawberry Point ; owns 
 240 acres, valued at S8,500. Born in 
 Chautauqua Co., N. Y., March 3, 1824, 
 where he married Mehitabol P. Bemus 
 Nov. 14, 1845; .she was born in the 
 same county July 22, 1827 ; they came 
 to Wisconsin and settled in Green Co., 
 in 1857, and to Mitchell Co., Iowa, in 
 1858, and in June, 1867, they settled 
 on their present farm ; does (]uite a dairy 
 business, milking thirty cows. They 
 have one child — Adeline, born June 9, 
 
 1847, who married Parker in 
 
 Greeu Co., Wis., March 15, 1866, and 
 their children are — Fred C, born July 
 26, 1869, and Geo. H., born July 11, 
 1873. Mr. Parker enlisted in the 13th 
 Wis. Vol. Inf , Co. E, Sept. 14, 1861, 
 and was honorably discharged in Sep- 
 tember, 1865. Mr. Strong has raised 
 from infancy a boy named Frank Wood, 
 who was born Aug. 20, 1864. 
 AYLOR BERT, farmer; Sec. 9; P. 
 0. Forestville. 
 
 T 
 
 THOMPSOIV S. A. Farmer; Sec. 
 6 ; P.O. Strawlierry Point ; owns 145 
 acres, valued at $4,500. Born in San- 
 dusky, Ohio, March 10, 1823, came to 
 St. Joseph Co., Mich., in 1834, and in 
 October, 1854, came to this county and 
 settled where he now resides. Married 
 Mary J. Smith Oct. 8, 1846, who was 
 born Jan. 28, 1828, near Rochester, N. 
 Y., and died Sept. 13, 1877 ; has one 
 adopted child — Amanda M., born Feb. 
 10, 1862. Mr. T. has held the office of 
 Justice of the Peace for ten successive 
 years; is a Republican, and member of 
 the Methodist Church. 
 
 YARNIC V. farmer; Sec. 8; P. 0. 
 Campton . 
 Vinzal Yanda, far.; S. 17 ; P. 0. Campton. 
 Voniak V. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Campton. 
 
 WALT WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 
 12 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Ward Chas. far.; S. 36 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Wand Albert, far.; S. 36 . P.O. Manchester. 
 
 Wand R. far.; S. 36; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Welch S. Z. far.; S. 23; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Wesley J. far.; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Wesley John, far.; S. 18; P.O.Forestville. 
 
 Weston Wm. far.; S. 19 ; P. 0. Campton. 
 
 Weston William, Jr. lab.; S. 19 ; P. 0. 
 Campton. 
 
 Whe. ler B. for.; S. 20 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 Wheeler V. mer. and P. M.; Forestville. 
 
 Wiltse Charles, lab.; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 WLLTSE URI, Farmer; Sec. 11; 
 P. 0. Forestville ; owns 160 acres, 
 worth $4,000 ; born in Canada Jan. 1, 
 1824 ; settled in Colesburg,Clayton Co., 
 in 1838, where he married Louisa 
 Fuller March 20, 1853, who died Feb. 
 3, 1856 ; married his second wife, Sil- 
 via Kelly, July 14, 1857, who died 
 Jan. 20. 1864 ; married his present 
 wife, Libbie McConkey, July 19, 1870 ; 
 settled on his present farm in the Spring 
 of 1875 ; his children are Warner, born 
 Sept. 7, 1862 ; Albert, born Oct. 4, 
 1871, and Elias Meral, born Aug. 24, 
 1874. Mr. Wiltse is one of the pioneer 
 settlers of this county ; is a Republican. 
 
 Witherell V. H. lime kiln ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
 Campton. 
 
 Wolfe J. far; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Forestville. 
 
 WOOD HIRAM D. Farmer ; Sec. 
 26; P. O. Manchester, whose portrait 
 appears in this work, was born in Cum- 
 berland Co., Ky., April 8, 1828 ; when 
 
684 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 he was 4 jears of age his father's 
 family moved to Macoupin Co., 111., 
 where they still reside. The subject of 
 this sketch in the Spring of 1847, being 
 then 19 years of age, enlisted in a cav- 
 alry company and served till the end of 
 the Mexican war in 1848 ; after his dis- 
 charge he came to Delaware Co., la., 
 and located his land warrant upon the 
 land on which he now resides. He now 
 owns a farm of 800 acres, valued at 
 815,000. He has held the offices of 
 Justice of the Peace, Township Clerk, 
 Township Assessor, Township Treasurer 
 and County Surveyor. He married 
 
 Miss Lydia L. Luken in Macoupin Co., 
 III., Sept. 1, 1858; she was born in 
 Cambria Co., Pa., July 1, 1827 ; they 
 have eight children— Mary E., born 
 May 30, 1854; John R., born Feb. 4, 
 1856 ; Eleanor A., born Nov. 19, 1857 , 
 Joel L., born July 30, 1859 ; Jennie Q., 
 born Oct. 7, 1861 ; Alice E., born Aug. 
 29, 1863; Maggie A. and Rosa M. 
 (twins), born May 26, 1868. 
 Wood J. R. far. ; S. 26 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 YANDER JAMES, farmer ; Sec. 17 ; 
 P. 0. Campton. 
 ZOACK FRANK, far. ; Sec. 6 ; P. O. 
 Strawberry Point. 
 
 ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 BABCOCK J. B. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. 
 Nugent 's Grove. 
 Beacom Michael, farmer ; Sec. 13; P. 0. 
 
 Tower Hill. 
 Beatty R. far. ; S. 15; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 Behan D. far. ; Sec. 3 ; P. O. Barryville. 
 Behau M. far. ; S. 16 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 Behan P. far. ; S. 16 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 Bishop Thomas S. farmer ; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
 
 Spring Grove. 
 
 BURG^ESI^ BENJAMIN, Farm 
 
 er; S. 35; P. 0. Nugent's Grove, Linn 
 Co. ; owns 196 acres, valued at $5,800 ; 
 born in Seneca Co., Ohio, Aug. 30, 1831; 
 came to this county in 1855; married 
 Ellen Haight July 10, 1859, who was 
 born in Sandusky, Ohio, Oct. 1, 1843 ; 
 their children are Hiram B., born 
 Feb. 25, 1861, and Joseph, June 10, 
 1867 ; is a Republican and Protestant. 
 Mrs. B. is the daughter of Victor and 
 Elizabeth Haight; the former was born 
 in Onondaga Co., N. Y., June 22, 1815, 
 and died April 10, 1860 ; the latter was 
 born Oct 14, 1822, and is now living in 
 this county. 
 Burgess John, farmer; Sec. 35; P. O. 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 
 CAMPBELL EUGENE D. farmer ; S. 
 35 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove. 
 Confry H. far. ; S. 14 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 CROMWELL JAMES, Farmer; 
 S. 14; P. O. Tower Hill; owns 85 
 acres, valued at $2,500 ; born in Pough 
 keepsie, New York, Sept. 19, 1809; 
 
 came to this town.ship in 1855, where 
 he has since resided. By a strong 
 effort he succeeded in having Tower 
 Hill post office established, which was 
 the first in the township, and kept by 
 him for many years; was one of the 
 few who, in 1858, succeeded in organ- 
 izing the first school district and build- 
 ing the first school house in the town- 
 ship. Married Martha Royley Jan. 1, 
 1851, who was born in Manchester, 
 Eng., Sept. 14, 1816. They have one 
 child living — Hannah M., born Nov. 30, 
 1857, and one deceased — James, born 
 Dec. 3, 1859, died May 2, 1864. Mrs. 
 C.'s children, by a former marriage, are 
 Geo. W., born Sept. 21, 1839; was 
 with Sherman in his march to the sea, 
 and died at Andersonville Prison Aug. 
 2, 1864; Edward F., Feb. 21, 1841, 
 was also in the army; Mary F., born 
 born Aug. 20, 1842. 
 
 DEWOODY JAMES W. far.; S. 25; 
 P. 0. Nugent's Grove. 
 DE W001> Y ANDREW, Farmer ; 
 S. 25 ; P. O. Nugent's Grove, Linn Co. ; 
 owns 80 acres, valued at $2,000 ; born 
 in Venango Co., Penn., Jan. 28, 1820 ; 
 came to this county in 1850. Married 
 Rachel Bardue June 1, 1843, who was 
 born in Beaver Co., Penn., July 16, 
 1820. Their children are William, 
 born April 12. 1845; Nelson, Jan. 2, 
 1847; John, Dec. 10, 1848; Clarinda, 
 Oct. 17, 1850; Sylvester, Dec. 19, 
 
ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 68rj 
 
 1852; James W., March 10, 1855, ! 
 and Angeline, Auij. 26, 1857; is an In- 
 dependent Democrat and Protestant. 
 
 DONKEI.L.Y PATRICK, Farm 
 
 er ; 8. 28 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove, Linn 
 Co. ; owns 4(»0 acres, valued at $10,000 ; 
 born in Ireland Dec. 15, 1832 ; came to 
 America in 1853 ; lived in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y., till 1855, when he came to De 
 Kalb Co., Ill ; remained there till 1859, 
 when he cauie to this county, where he 
 has since resided. He is one of the 
 enterprising men of this township, being 
 among the foremost in every good work, 
 and especially devoted to the cause of 
 education ; has held the office of Justice 
 of the Peace for ten years ; married 
 Julia Smith June 29, 1855. She was 
 born in Ireland April 4, 1833. The 
 children living are William, Mary. 
 James A., Susan A., Harriet, Thomas, 
 Patrick J. and Julia ; is a Democrat 
 and Catholic. 
 
 Dover Wm. far. ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 Duffy Barnard, farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 
 Duffy Michael, farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 
 Dukek G. far. ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 
 E ASTON ROBERT, laborer; Tower 
 Hill. 
 
 EH1.ERIS HEXRY, Farmer ; Sec. 
 25 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove, Linn Co. ; 
 owns 170 acres, worth $-4,500 ; born in 
 Holstein, Germany, Sept. 7, 1826; came 
 to Canada and settled near Quebec in 
 1854 ; came to this town in April, 1855, 
 and married Anna B. Mangold July 1, 
 1862, who was born in Switzerland 
 Dec. 20, 1830, and came to America 
 the same year as her husband. Their 
 children are Wm. H., born April 27, 
 1863; John H., March 7, 1866, and 
 Caroline, Aug. 12, 1869. Enlisted 
 Sept. 30, 1864, in the 4th I. V. I., Co. 
 1 ; was with Sherman in his memorable 
 march to the sea, and was honorably 
 discharged in June, 1865 ; is a Repub- 
 lican and Protestant. 
 
 Tj^OLEY DENNIS, farmer ; Sec 10 ; P. 
 
 Jj 0. Barryville. 
 
 FAL.COWER CHAS. Farmer ; Sec. 
 17 ; P. O. Tower Hill ; owns 200 acres, 
 worth $5,000 ; born in Scotland Oct. 
 14, 1826; came to America in 1842, 
 and to this county in 1855 ; married 
 
 Rebecca Pierce March 6, 1857, who 
 was born in Massachusetts July 28^ 
 1837/- Their children are James, Bes- 
 sie, Charles E., Isabella, Frank C, Ben- 
 jamin P., James A., Eva, Alice and 
 and Ida; enlisted at Davenport, la., in 
 October, 1864, in the 4th Iowa V. I., 
 Co. I ; was with Sherman in his mem- 
 orable march to the sea ; was honorably 
 discharged at Clinton in June, 1865. 
 
 Foley Jas. far. ; Sec. 10 ; P.O. Barryville. 
 
 Foley Jno. far. ; Sec. 10; P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 Foley M. far. ; Sec. 10 : P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 Flack Wm. far. ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Nugent's 
 Grove. 
 
 Flyan Michael, farmer; Sec. 29; P. 0. 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 
 Fuller Newton, farmer; Sec. 26; P. 0. 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 
 /^ AFFNEY TERENCE, farmer ; Sec. 
 
 V jr 20 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove. 
 
 Gaskill L. C. far. ; S. 10 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 Grant Michael, far. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Nugent's 
 Grove. 
 
 Guy F. far. ; S. 35 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove. 
 
 HAIGHT ALLEN, farmer ; Sec. 23 ; 
 P. 0. Nugent's Grove. 
 
 HALL.A1I J. K. Farmer; Sec. 10; 
 P. 0. Tower Hill ; owns 200 acres, val- 
 ued at $5,000 ; born in London, Eng., 
 Sept. 12, 1815; came to Dubuque, la., 
 in 1856, and to this county in 1877 , 
 married Mary Bengle Dec. 18, 1850, 
 who was born in Carroll Co., Md., Jan. 
 3, 1830; has in his possession an orig- 
 inal deed of land executed by John 
 Penn the younger grandson of Wm. 
 Penn, in the year 1793. He has four 
 children living — Wm. N., born in Du- 
 buque May 16, 1857, who married Delia 
 C. Nelson Sept. 6, 1877; she was also born 
 in Dubuque, June 21, 1858 ; their other 
 children are Edward, Ida and George. 
 Is a Republican and Methodist. 
 
 Hallam Wm. N. far. ; S. 11 ; P. 0. Tower 
 Hill. 
 
 Henderson J. f:ir. ; S. 26; P. 0. Nugent's 
 Grove. 
 
 Hicken Mark E. laborer; Sec. 13; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 Houlahan J. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 
 Houlahan T. far. ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 Howe D. N. far.; S. 13; P. O. Manchester. 
 
 HOWE ELI N. Farmer; Sec. 13; 
 P. 0. Manchester; owns 246 acres, 
 value $6,700 ; born in Smithfield, Mad- 
 
686 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 ison Co., N. Y., Sept. 9. 1824 ; came to 
 this county in 1862. Married Harriet 
 Norton Sept. 3, 1850, who wa.s born in 
 Dorchester, Mass., Jan. 27, 1824 ; their 
 children are Delhert N., born Nov. 9, 
 1851; Martha, Sept. 12, 1854; Rich- 
 ard N., Nov. 7, 1856, and Hope H., 
 May 5, 1865. Is a Republican and 
 Protestant. 
 
 Howe R. N. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Hunt Wm. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Nugent's 
 Grove. 
 
 HURIiEY CORNELIUS, Farm 
 
 er; SeC; IG; P. O. Tower Hill; owns 
 320 acres worth $8,000 ; born in Ire- 
 land in 1823; came to America in 1853, 
 and to this county in 1856. Married 
 Jane Gannan Jan. 28, 1856; she was 
 born in Ireland in April, 1836; their 
 children are — Wm. P., born March 13, 
 1857; Francis E., Oct. 3, 1858; Cor- 
 nelius, Aug. 10, 1860; Mary J., May 
 i;, 1867; Julia, April .'4, 1869, and 
 Edward, July 29, 1877. 
 Hurly Wm. P. farmer; Sec. 16; P. 0. 
 Tower Hill. 
 
 J(3SLYN M. B. farmer; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 
 KENNEDY WM. farmer; Sec. 9; 
 P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 Kenyon B. W. farmer; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
 
 Tower Hill. 
 Kerr Mathew L. farmer ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 
 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 Kerr R. W. farmer; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Nu- 
 gent's Grove. 
 Kerr Wm. teacher ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Nu- 
 geni's Grove. 
 
 LAWTON BYRON, farmer; Sec. 36; 
 P 0. Nuijent's Grove. 
 L.ENNOX W. H. Farmer ; Sec. 27 ; 
 P. O. Nugent's Grove; owns SO acres, 
 valued at $2,500 ; born in Ireland, Sept. 
 1, 1820; cam3 to America in 1832, 
 and settled near Montreal ; was seven 
 years in the British army, engaged in 
 the Canadian rebellion, and held the 
 office of Lieutenant when discharged; 
 *came to this county in 1857 and settled 
 on his present farm ; married Sarah Bur- 
 gess Oct. 17, 1858, in this township, 
 Rev. Geo. Genimell performing tht^ cere- 
 mony. Mrs. L. was born in Stark Co., 
 Ohio, April 12. 1827; their children 
 are Sarah E., born Oct. 9, 1859; 
 Susan, March 22, 1862, and Jesse, Dec. 
 
 3, 1866 ; is a Republican and Presby- 
 terian. Mrs. L. is a member of the 
 Methodist Church. 
 Lyons Thos. farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. Nu- 
 gent's Grove. 
 
 Mc ENANY ARTHUR, farmer; 
 Sec. 20 ; P 0. Nusjent's Grove. 
 McCLOUD ER WIN, Farmer ; Sec. 
 10 ; P. 0. Tower Hill ; owns 245 acres 
 wortli $5,500 ; born in Kane Co., 111., 
 Nov. 12, 1852 ; came to this county 
 with his parents iu 1855; married Sarah 
 Baxter Feb. 17, 1870, who was born in 
 Ireland, Dec. 31, 1848; their children 
 are Austin P., born Nov. 9, 1873, and 
 Erwin E., Jan 7, 1876 ; is a Republi- 
 can in politics. 
 MCEL.L.IGOTT JAIIES, Farm- 
 er ; Sec. 10; P. 0. Tower Hill; owns 
 290 acres worth $7,250 ; born in 
 Ireland Dec. 25, 1828 ; came to Ameri- 
 ca in 1848, and to this county in 1857 ; 
 married Ellen Behan, a native of Ire- 
 land, in 1858; they have seven children 
 — John R., Kate, Mary, Patrick, 
 William, James and David; is a Catho- 
 lic and Democrat. 
 McEnany Patrick, farmer; Sec. 20; P. 0. 
 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 McEnany Peter, farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 McKittrick Thos. farmer ; Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 McReavey Wm. J. farmer ; Sec. 24 ; P. 
 
 0. Manchester. 
 Magirl Dennis, farmer ; Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 Magirl James, far. ; S. 12 ; P. O.Man- 
 chester. 
 Magirl John, farmer; Sec. 12; P. 0- 
 
 Manchester. 
 Magirl John Jr. farmer ; Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Magirl R. far. ; S. 1 2 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Magirl Thos. farmer ; Sec. 24; P. 0. Nu- 
 gent's Grove. 
 Manyon Jno. farmer ; P. O. Nugent's 
 
 MILLER THOS. JR. Farmer; 
 Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Tower Hill; born in 
 New York, November, 1849; came to 
 this (county in 1876; married Sarah Mc- 
 Murray May, 1874. She was born in 
 New York, Dec. 20, 1855; they have 
 two children — Emily and Sarah ; is a 
 Protestant. 
 
ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 687 
 
 Monagan T. far.; S. 30 ; P. O. Nugent' s 
 
 Grove. 
 Montgomery Wm. renter ; S. 34 ; P. 0. 
 
 Nuu'ent's Grove. 
 
 OBRIEN PETER, lab.; P. 0. Tower 
 Hill. 
 PATTON JAMES, farmer ; S. 35 ; 
 P. 0. Nuii-ent's Grove. 
 PATTOJV JOSEPH, Farmer ; S. 
 
 25 ; P. 0. Nugeiit's Grove, Linn Co.; 
 owns 160 acres worth $4,000 ; born in 
 Inland, Feb. 11, 1824 ; came to Amer- 
 ica in 1853, and to this county in 1862 ; 
 married Margaret Hawks in April 1857, 
 who was a native of Ireland ; she died 
 April 1, 1867 ; married Jennette Read 
 Aug. 4, 1867, who was born in Lucas 
 Co.^ Ohio, Aug. 20, 1844 ; his children 
 by the first marriasre are, James, born 
 July 7, 1858 ; John, March 11, 1860 ; 
 Mary Ann, May 3, 1862 ; Ellen, Sept. 
 
 24, 1863; Margaret, O^t. 25, 1865, 
 died March 11, 1878, and Joseph, born 
 March 31, 1867; his children by the 
 last marriage are Emma, born Feb. 19, 
 1869 ; Ernest, Jan. 2, 1871, died March 
 7, 1872; Scott, July 4, 1873, died 
 March 26, 1878. 
 
 PATTOl^ I^ATHA:^, Farmer ; S. 
 
 26 ; P.O. Nugent's Grove,Linn Co.; owns 
 200 acres, valued at $4,500 ; born in 
 Ireland in 1841 ; came to America in 
 1864', and settled in Dubuque Co., Iowa ; 
 came to this town in 1869, remaining a 
 year, then moved to Manchester, and 
 after five years returned again to this 
 town where he has since resided ; mar- 
 ried Jane Carrothers April 18, 1871, 
 born in Ireland June 8, 1848 ; their 
 children are, Mary J., born April 1, 
 1872; Charles, Nov. 24, 1874, and 
 Wm. J., June 25, 1876 ; is a Republi- 
 can and Presbyterian. 
 
 Patton Wm. far. ; S. 26 ; P. O. Nugent's 
 Grove. 
 
 POUND E. C. Farmer, S. 13 ; P. 
 O. Tower Hill ; owns 240 acres, worth 
 $6,000; born in Erie Co., N. Y.,July 
 
 25, 1849 ; came to this county in 1861 
 with his parents ; his brother, W. A. 
 Pound, was born in same county, New 
 York, and came to this county in 1861 ; 
 was married to Martha A. Howe 
 August 19, 1874; thi ir children are 
 — Freddie and Louie ; Mr. P. is a Re. 
 publican. 
 
 -tv 
 
 Pound W. A. farmer; Sec. 11; P. 0. 
 
 Manchest(;r. 
 Powers Thos. far ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Barry ville. 
 Preston John H. farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
 
 Tower Hill 
 
 READY OWEN, farmer; Sec. 28; P. 
 0. Nugent's Grove. 
 Reissler Jacob, far.; S. 13; P. 0. Tower 
 
 Hill. 
 Riley John, far.; S. 4 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 ROBINSON JAMES, Farmer; 
 Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Barryville ; born in Ire- 
 land Jan. 29, 1822, came to America in 
 April, 1844, and to this county in 1852. 
 Married Mary A. Gregg Jan. 25, 1854, 
 who was born in Ireland Dec. 25, 1837. 
 They have nine children living and three 
 deceased — Wm. J., born Nov. 14, 1854 
 Esther A., April 12, 1856, died May 28 
 1872 ; Margaret, born April 30, 1857 
 Thomas, S 'pt. 15,1850; Sarah, Aug 
 27, 1860, died May 31, 1872 ; Robert 
 June 29, 1862 ; Eliza, Aug. 6, 1864 
 Alexander, Oct. 9, 1866 ; John B., Jan 
 4, 1869 ; Henry E., March 26, 1871 
 Mary J., Oct. 2, 1873, died May 17 
 1875, and Charles J.,. April 15, 1876 
 owns 520 acres worth $13,000 ; is a Re- 
 publican and Methodi.st. 
 
 ROBINSON JOHN, Farmer S. 
 5 ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 400 acres 
 valued at $8,000 ; born in Ireland, Far- 
 managli Co., Dec. 26, 1826 ; came to 
 this county April, 1854 ; married Mar- 
 garet Swindle March 16, 1854; she 
 was born in Ireland ; they have two 
 children living — George T., born March 
 9, 1857; Anthony, June 17, 1868; 
 principal product, wheat, corn and hay, 
 pork and baef 
 
 Robinson R. far.; S. 17, P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Robinson Thos. far.; S. 7 ; P.O. Barryville. 
 
 Rogers D. far. ; S. 13 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 
 Ryan F. P. far. ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 
 Ryan James, far. ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 
 Ryan M. J. far. ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 
 SAVAGE ALFRED G. teacher; S. 
 34 ; P. O. Nugent's Grove. 
 
 SANDIL.ANDS THOMAS ( De- 
 
 ceased), was b(jrn in Ediuburg, Scotland, 
 June 26, 1823, where he learned the 
 trade of stone cutter, which occupa- 
 tion he followed the greater part of his 
 life. In 1848, he emigrated to St. 
 John, Newfoundland, where he re- 
 mained only a few months, coming to 
 8 
 
688 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 
 
 Washington, D. C, in the Fall of the 
 same year ; returned to Scotland in the 
 Fall of 1S51, where. March 23, 1852, 
 he married Miss Euphemia Smith, and 
 in a few months returned with his bride 
 to America, his adopted country, and 
 settled in Washington, where he lived 
 till 1859, then moved to Columbia, S. 
 C., where he remained till after the 
 breaking out of the war, when he, with 
 great difficulty, succeeded in getting 
 back to Washington in the Spring of 
 1863, his family coming the year before ; 
 in 1866, he moved to this county and 
 purchased a farm, on which his widow 
 and children now reside. He was for 
 many years a consistent member of the 
 I. 0. 0. F. in Washington City. He 
 died Oct. 24, 1876. His children are 
 Euphemia, born Jan. 21, 1853, died 
 July 11, 1853; Isabella, born July 23, 
 1854; Mary, July 27, 1857; and 
 Thomas, Aug. 11, 1865. Mrs. S. owns 
 200 acres on S. 4, worth $5,000. P. 0. 
 Barryville ; was born in Scotland Feb. 
 29, 1834. The family are Presbyte- 
 rians. 
 
 SAVAGE HERBERT, Farmer; 
 S. 34 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove, Linn 
 Co. ; owns 235 acres, valued at $5,000 ; 
 born in Somerset Co., Me., May 5, 
 1800 ; came to this county in 1865 ; 
 married Olive Gould in 1832. She 
 was born in the same county April 23, 
 1815. Four children are living and one 
 deceased — Holland W., born Aug. 11, 
 1847; Wm. G., Oct. 9, 1849; Hugh 
 M., March 27, 1851 ; Alfred G., Jan. 
 9, 1855 ; and Lewis G., Jan. 3, 1843, 
 who died Jan. 29, 1868. The latter 
 marritd Libbie Donaldson Sept. 27, 
 1862, who was born in Pennsylvania 
 Jan. 10, 1846. He left behind three 
 sons — Harry B., Charles H., and An- 
 drew W., who, with their mother, still 
 reside with their grandparents. 
 
 Savage Hugh M. farmer ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
 Nuiiont's Grove. 
 
 SEARIGHT qUINTIX, Farmer; 
 Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Tower Hill; owns eighty 
 acres, worth $1,600 ; born in Ireland in 
 May, 1834 ; came to America in 1852, 
 and settled in New York, where he re- 
 mained three years ; then moved 
 to Pittsburgh, Ponn., where he re- 
 sided till 1870, when he moved to this 
 
 county. Married Martha Baxter 
 April 8, 1867, who was born in Ireland 
 May 3, 1834. Is a Republican and 
 Methodist. 
 
 Sharp John D. ftirmer ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
 Tower Hill. 
 
 SHERMA:^ wm. H. Farmer and 
 Stock Haiser ; P. O. Nugent's Grove^ 
 Linn Co. Owns 120 acres in this 
 county, 140 acres in Linn County, and 
 80 acres in Ida Grove, Ida Co., within 
 one and a half miles of county seat ; the 
 whole is valued at $7,250. Born in 
 Medina Co., 0., March 15, 1838 ; came 
 to this county in 1862. Married Lucia 
 Cleveland March 20, 1860, who was 
 born in Tioga Co., Penn., August 19, 
 1841. They have four children living, 
 and one deceased — Ora E., born in Ohio, 
 Oct. 19, 1861, and died Nov. 10, 1870 ; 
 Eva Z.. born June 24,1864; Annie 
 W., Nov. 14, 1867 ; Ida S., March 23, 
 1871, and Frank C, July 10, 1873. 
 Is a Republican and Protestant ; Mrs. 
 S. is a member of the Christian Church. 
 
 SHEW C. A. Farmer ; Sec. 21 ; P. 
 0. Tower Hill; owns 160 acres, worth 
 $3,200; born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., 
 in 1832 ; came to Whiteside Co., 111.,, 
 in 1853, and to this county in 1862. 
 Married Martha Daniels, Feb. 14, 
 1853; she was born near Montreal,, 
 Canada, April 26. 1836; their children 
 are Willis M., born Oct. 28, 1855; 
 Alonzo, June 28, 1860; Elmira, July 
 9, 1864, and Freddie, July 16, 1870. 
 Is a Republican and Baptist. 
 
 Shew Willis M. farmer ; Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 
 Tower Hill. 
 
 SMITH CHRISTOPHER, 
 
 Farmer ; Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Nugent's 
 Grove, Linn Co.; owns 160 acres valued 
 at $3,200 ; born in Ireland November, 
 1832; came to America Oct. 15, 1851, 
 and to this county April 7, 1866; mar- 
 ried Mary A. White Oct. 29, 1859, 
 who was born in Ireland ; their children 
 are Edward, born June 20, 1 862 ; Susan 
 Aug. 12, 1864; Maggie, Dec. 1, 1868; 
 John, April 1, 1870, and Kate, March 
 12, 1872 ; is a Democrat and Catholic. 
 
 Sweingruber Jacob, farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P. 
 0. Tower Hill. 
 
 Swindle A. far.; S. 15 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 Swindle Wm. B. farmer : Sec. 7 ; P. O. 
 Bairyville. 
 
NORTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 689 
 
 TIPTON JAMES, farmer; 8ec. 36; 
 P. 0. Nugent's Grove. 
 TITrS WM. F. Farmer and Carpen- 
 ter ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Nugent's Grove, 
 Linn Co.; owns eighty acres, valued at 
 $2,000; born in Kennebec Co., Me., 
 March 24, 1822 ; went to Massachusetts 
 in 1842, where he remained six years, 
 returned again to Maine, and, in 1851, 
 came to Winnebago Co., 111., where he 
 remained till 1857, when he moved to 
 Jones Co., Iowa, remaining there until 
 he moved to this county, in 1871. He 
 married Julia Ketchum June 15, 1844, 
 who was born in Ohio Nov. 1, 1820; 
 their children are Eveline M., born 
 June 4, 1848; Marcia P., April 18, 
 1850; Georgiana B., May 23, 1853; 
 
 William, June 9, 1859, and Carrie E. 
 
 Oct. 14, 1862. Republican. 
 Todd A. G.far.; S. 23; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 Todd E far. ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 Todd S. far.; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 
 WARD JOHN, farmer; Sec. 28 ; P. 
 0. Nugent's Grove. 
 Welch J. far.; Sec. 10; P. 0. Barryville. 
 Williams John, retired ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. 
 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 Williamson Thomas, former; Sec. 15; P. 
 
 0. Tower Hill. 
 Woods James, farmer; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 Woods Patrick, farmer; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 Woods Peter, farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
 
 Nuy-ent's Grove. 
 
 NORTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ALLM AN JOHN, farmer ; Sec. 7 ; 
 P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Aramerman W. B. renter ; S. 19 ; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 
 Anghen T. far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Rockville. 
 
 ARNOLD HENRY, Farmer ; Sec. 
 21 ; P. 0. Rockville ; born in Canada, 
 1833 ; came to the States and Jeiferson 
 Co., N. Y., in 1849. Followed sailing 
 on the lakes for seven years ; moved to 
 Iowa and settled on his present farm in 
 1857 ; he was married in 1859 to Miss 
 Sarah A. Reid, from Pa. They have 
 had nine children, eight living — John, 
 Mary, Charles, Ella, Frederick, Edward, 
 Lillie and Josie. He has held the office 
 of Township Trustee two years. School 
 Director one year. He has the office 
 of Director in the Farmers' Mutual Fire 
 Insurance Co. one year. He has 240 
 acres land, value $6,000. 
 
 A^HSrBN H. Farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. 
 0. Worthington ; born in Tenn., 1832 ; 
 moved to McLean Co., 111., 1844 ; to 
 Iowa and Delaware Co. in 1850 ; on 
 his present farm in 1865. He was mar- 
 ried in 1855 to Miss Francis J. Reeder, 
 from England. He has 170 acres of 
 laud, value $5,000. In politi>.s. Rep. ; 
 in religion. United Brethren. He held 
 the office of Township Trustee three 
 years, Road Supervisor five years. 
 
 Mr. Ashburn's father, Geo. W. Ashburn, 
 was among the earilest and most promi- 
 nent settlers of the county. He was en- 
 gaged in the mercantile trade for several 
 years ; was also a popular hotel keeper 
 at Delhi for a number of years. Mr. 
 Ashburn is among the active members 
 in the Church of the United Brethren, 
 which was organized eighteen years ago. 
 Rev. R. H. Watters, Pastor at present, 
 membership 55. 
 Aubrey R. far; Sec. 19; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 BAILEY J. B. farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
 Worthington. 
 
 Bailey R. M. laborer ; Worthington. 
 
 Barrington T. far. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 BEL.L. EI.ISHA, Farmer ; Sec. 27 ; 
 P. 0. Worthington ; born in Pa., March 
 26, 1814 ; moved to Iowa and Scott 
 Co. in Spring of 1838 ; to Delaware 
 Co. and his present farm in 1849. He 
 was married in 1840 to Miss Martha 
 Nicholson ; she was born Feb. 16, 1823, 
 in Sandusky, Ohio, in 1836 ; they have 
 had eight children — Mary E., born Jan. 
 10, 1841; Alvira, born Dec. 1, 1843, 
 and died Dec. 12, 1843; Montgomery 
 E,born Nov. 24, 1846; Leander W., 
 born March 30, 1849; enHsted in May, 
 1865; died at La Grange, Tenn., Aug. 
 5, 1865; Eva, born Oct. 9, 1852; 
 Alice May, born May 16, 1858; died 
 
690 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Dec. 29, 1858 ; Bertha A., born Sept. 
 27, 18(50; Clarence E. born July 25, 
 1865. He has held the office of School 
 Treasurer three years ; he has 180 acres 
 land valued at g4,000. In politics, 
 Rep. ; in religion, Methodist. Mr. Bell 
 was among the earliest settlers of the 
 State, and very few people living in 
 North Fork Tp. when he came. 
 
 Benning H. far. ; S. 10 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Benning J. far. ; Sec. 14; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Benning W. laborer ; Dyersville. 
 
 Bergman H. far. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Billmeirer G. fiir. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Billmoirer M. far. ; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Billmeirer G. tar. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Blackmore W. far.; S. 13 ; P.O.Dyersville. 
 
 Boddy G. far. ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Brauer C. far.; S. 27; P. O. Worthington. 
 
 Brauer M. far. ; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Brodt R. far.; P. 0. Worthington. 
 
 Brunken J. far. ; S. 15; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Bryan A. school teacher; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
 Worthington. 
 
 Burket 0. laborer. 
 
 BRYAN FRANK, Farmer; Sec. 
 23 ; P. 0. Worthington. Born in Eng- 
 land, Sept. 20, 1833 ; moved to this 
 country and New York in 1850. To 
 Michigan in 1855 ; to Iowa in 1856; 
 to Dubuque Co. in 1859; on his present 
 farm in 1867 ; he was married in 1855 
 to Miss Mary Luey, from Mass. She 
 was born Jan. 10, 1837. They have 
 had four children — Albert S., born Aug. 
 29, 1856 ; Isadore E., Oct. 28. 1858 ; 
 Levina, July 6, 1860; Frances C, July 
 26, 1862; Levina died March 12, 1873; 
 Mr. Bryan held the office of School 
 Director one year, Road Supervisor one 
 year; he has 100 acres land, value 
 $4,000 ; 140 acres in Sac Co. ; in politics. 
 Rep.; Albert L. and Isadore E. are 
 school teachers. 
 
 Bryant John, renter ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 BURRILL. JOSEPH, Farmer; 
 S. 21 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born in Suf- 
 folk Co., Massachusetts. 1816 ; moved to 
 Iowa and Dubuque Co. 1857 ; to Dela- 
 ware; County and his present farm, 1873 ; 
 he was married in 18;>9 to Miss Char- 
 lotte S. Payne from N. H.; she died in 
 1850 ; he was married again in 1850 to 
 Miss Mary A. Doton, from N. H.; they 
 have had nine children, eight living — 
 Charlotte L., Joseph W.,G. Allen,Francis 
 
 M., Stephen C, Mary E., Benjamin K., 
 Josie A. Mr. Burrill and C. McKee 
 purchased lots and built the first houses 
 built in the town of Worthington, Du- 
 buque Co.; he held the office of Justice 
 of the Peace two years, and Township 
 Clerk one year in that town ; he has 80 
 acres of land, valued at .$1,500. 
 Burrell W. laborer ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 CARVER JOHN, far.; S. 13; P. O. 
 Rockville. 
 Cavanaugh Jas. far.; S. 29 ; P.O. Rockville. 
 Cavanaugh J. far.; S. 29; P. 0. Rockville. 
 Cavanaugh Michael, i-enter ; P.O. Rockville. 
 Cavanaugh Pat. retired ; P.O. Rockville. 
 Ciark W. C. far.; S. 7 ; P. 0. Rockville. 
 Cook Charles, far.; S. 30 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Cook R. J. far.; S. 30 ; P. O. Delhi. 
 Cook Richard, far.; S. 30 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Cratty Michael, S. 3 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 DUNKELL HENRY, fiirmer ; Sec. 
 15; P. 0. Worthington. 
 Dryer Jno. renter; S. 9 ; P. O. Dyersville. 
 
 EVANS JAMES H. far. ; Sec. 10 ; P. 
 0. Dyersville. 
 FLECKENSTEIN JOSEPH, renter; 
 Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Worthington. 
 Fleming P. P. far.; Sec. 18; P.O. Earlville. 
 Fitzsimmons Patrick, far.; Sec. 8; P. 0. 
 
 Earlville. 
 Fitzsimmons Wellington, far. ; Sec. 8 ; P. O. 
 Earlville. 
 
 GAL YE AN J. B. renter; Sec. 18; P. 
 0. Earlville. 
 
 GEOROEN C._P. Miller, Rockville; 
 born in Germany in 1838; moved to this 
 country and Dubuque in 1859 ; to Vol- 
 ga City, Clayton Co., 1861; to Dyers- 
 ville, 1863 ; to his present position in 
 1866. He was married in 1866 to Miss 
 Ann Ruddlesdin, from England. They 
 have had four children — Minnie G., 
 John, Annie J., Charles E. He has 
 held the office of School Director three 
 years, School Treasurer three years. He 
 has carried the U. S. mail from Worth- 
 ington to Rockville for the past five 
 years. Mr. G. learned his trade as a 
 miller in Germany. His father-in-law, 
 John Ruddlesdin, is proprietor of the 
 mill he now operates. 
 
 Cibbs Gen. fir. ; Sec. (5; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 GIBB^$ JOHN, Sr. Far.; Sec. 12 , 
 P. 0. Earlville ; born in Somersetshire, 
 Eng., Nov. 22, 1816. They moved to 
 this country and Delaware Co. in 1852; 
 
NORTH FORK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 691 
 
 on his present farm in 1875. He was 
 married in 1837 to Miss Elizabeth 
 Bunn, from Enghmd ; she was born 
 March 8, 1819. "They have had thir- 
 teen children — Ruth, Edward, Matthew, 
 Sarah, Jane, Elizabeth, Phebe A., 
 Eliza, John, Jr., George H., Mary J., 
 Ellen, Alice A. Jane, Ellen and Alice 
 A. are dead ; John and Eliza live at 
 home and assist in carrying on the farm; 
 George was married to Miss H. Bis- 
 grove, from Delaware Co., February, 
 1877 ; they live on a part of the farm ; 
 Ruth married W. Parker, of Utah ; Ed- 
 ward married Miss Ada Pilgrim, and 
 lives in Bremen Tp. ; 3Iatthew married 
 Miss Amelia Lewis, of Auburn, N. Y. ; 
 they live in Auburn ; Sarah married 
 Henry Pilgrim, from England, and lives 
 in Elk Tp. ; Elizabeth married James 
 Hunt, from England, and lives in Bremen 
 Tp. ; Phebe A. married John Cook, from 
 England ; Mary J. married E. Bisgrove, 
 from England ; they live in Bremer Tp. 
 Mr. Gibbs has held the office of School 
 Director one year. He has 645 acres 
 of land, valued at $18,000. In politics. 
 Republican. He is among the earliest 
 settlers of the county ; no neighbors 
 within two miles of them when they set- 
 tled on their farm. 
 
 Gibbs Jno. Jr. far. ; S. 6 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Goldsmith F. far. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Goldsmith J. far. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Gould E. B. for.; S. 19; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Graham S. far. ; S. 6 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Grapes Geo. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Worth- 
 ington. 
 
 Grapes J. B. lab. ; Worthington. 
 
 Grapes Irvin, lab. ; Worthington. 
 
 Grapes John, lab.; Worthington. 
 
 Grapes Saml. retired. 
 
 Grou H. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Worthington. 
 
 HAIGHT J. S. flirmer : S. 7 ; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 
 Ham R. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Worthington. 
 
 Haass J. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Rockville. 
 
 Haass Nicholas Jr. farmer ; S. 15 ; P. 0. 
 Rockville. 
 
 Haass Nicholas Sr. farmer ; S. 15 ; P. 0. 
 Rockville. 
 
 Hatch G. for. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Hatch Jesse, retired ; Rockville. 
 
 HEAIiY E. Farmer and Dealer in Ag- 
 ricultural Implements ; P. 0. Earlville ; 
 born in Canada East June 29, 1826 ; 
 
 came to Massachusetts in 1846 ; he 
 moved to this State and county in 1854. 
 He purchased his present farm and set- 
 tled on it in same year. He was mar- 
 ried in 1848 to Miss C. L. Hartwell, 
 from Vermont ; they had four children ; 
 she died in J 866. He was married in 
 1869 to Miss Maria C. Vanderveer, 
 from New Jersey ; they have had one 
 child. Mr. Healy has 600 acres of land 
 located in Sees. 4 and 6, North Fork 
 Township. He is the oldest agricul- 
 tural implement dealer in the State, hav- 
 ing carried on the business successfully 
 for over twenty-one years. He has 
 handled McCormick's Reapers for 
 twenty-one years. He has also specu- 
 lated in land to quite an extent. He 
 has held the office (;f Township Assessor 
 three years and School Director nine 
 years. He has held a prominent posi- 
 tion in connection with the Old Settler's 
 Association of the county. 
 
 Holdren D. J. renter ; Sec. 18; P.O. 
 Earlville. 
 
 House C. far.; S. 36 ; P. 0. Worthington. 
 
 Hummell P. C. lab. ; P. 0. Worthington. 
 
 Hutchenson A.dam, farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P. 
 0. Earlville. 
 
 Hutchenson J. N. farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 
 JAGER JOHN, farmer; Sec. 26 ; P. 
 0. Worthington. 
 Jager M. far.; S.'6 ; P. 0. Worthington. 
 Jancy Jas. laborer ; Dyersville. 
 Jager S. far.; S. 25 ; P. 0. Worthington. 
 
 KINNY THOS. farmer; Sec. 9 ; P. 
 0. Dyersville. 
 Kinny Wni. far. ; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 LIBBY S. A. farmer; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
 Hopkinton. 
 Lipple C. far.; Sec. 27 ; P. O.Worthington. 
 Lux Jos. farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 MCCAFFREY FRANK, laborer ; P. 
 0. Earlville. 
 
 McCaffrey T. far. ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 MacombeV A. renter ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
 Worthington. 
 
 Mangrick Martin, fiirmer; Sec. 13; P. 0. 
 Worthington. 
 
 Martin Patrick, renter; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Milan Thomas, laborer. 
 
 Millard C. flir.; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Millard J. far.; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Millish E. far.; Sec. 11; P. 0. Dyers- 
 ville. 
 
692 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 Moulton H. Jr. far.; S. 30; P. 0.; 
 Worthington. 
 
 Mueller F. mercliant and P. M. ; Kockville. 
 
 Meyers L. W. renter; S. 22; P. 0. Rock- 
 ville. 
 
 ^TACHTxMAN A. farmer; Sec. 3; P. 
 
 1>J O. Dyersville. 
 
 WICHOLSO:^ ROBERT, Far ; 
 Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born in county 
 Leitrain, Ireland, in March, 1821 ; emi- 
 grated to U. S. A. in 18-41, living in 
 Pennsylvania and New Jersey until the 
 Spring of 1855, when he came to this 
 county and erected his residence where 
 he now lives ; married the 17th of Aug., 
 1846, to Mary Cook ; she died in May, 
 1856 ; they had three children — Thomas, 
 Ehza J. and Robert; married Jan. 17, 
 1861, Jane Morris, in Ohio. She died 
 in 1861, leaving one child — Rolland B., 
 who died when 4 years old ; married the 
 third time, Delia Flinn, Dec. 24, 1866. 
 She died in 1868, leaving one child — 
 Lucy Ann. Mr. Nicholson has 220 
 acres of land, valued at $4,500 ; has 
 held the office of Justice of the Peace 
 for several years past and is also Town 
 Commissioner. 
 
 Noonan Pat. far ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Rockville. 
 
 Noonan Thomas, lab. ; P. 0. Rockville. 
 
 O'MERA ED. far. ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
 Earlville. 
 Omera John ; far. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Oohler Henry, renter ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Otto A. far. ; Sec. 14; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 Otto Wm. lab. ; Dyersville. 
 
 PAGE C^SAR, far.; S. 16; P. 0. 
 Rockville. 
 Page Wm. far.; S. 16 ; P. 0. Rockville. 
 Peets John, lab.; Worthington. 
 Popham Edwin, far.; S.ll ; P.O. Dyersville. 
 Peets Lewis, far.; S. 35|; P.O. Worthington 
 T3EEDER ROYAL, far.; S.15 ; P. 0. 
 JL\) Dyersville. 
 
 Raker Louis, far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 Richardson David, far.; S. 6 ; P.O. Earlville. 
 Richardson J. far.; S. 6 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Richardso:i John, far.; S. 6 ; P.O. Earlville. 
 
 Rotterman R. far.; S. 13 ; P.O. Dyersville. 
 Ruddlesdin Eli, renter ; P. 0. Rockville. 
 Ruddlesdin John, renter ; Rockville. 
 
 SCHREKMELLE ANTON, Farmer ; 
 S. 15; P.O. Rockville. 
 Sharp Henry, far.; S. 10 ; P.O. Dyersville. 
 Sharp John, far.; S. 15 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 Sievert John, far.; S. 5 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Smith Jacob, far.; S.28 ; P.O. Worthington. 
 Smith J. J. far.; S. 28 ; P.O.Worthington. 
 Stoner Henry, fiir.; S. 18 ; P.O. Earlville. 
 Stoner Willis, flir.; S. 18 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 TASTOOE F. renter; S. 7 ; P. O. 
 Dyersviile. 
 Tattersol Roger, far.; S. 2 ; P.O. Dyersville. 
 Toomer Wm. far.; S. 14 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 WADSLEY JOHN, far.; S.25 ; P. 0. 
 Worthington. 
 WHEELESS A. B„ P. 0. Worth- 
 ington; S. 34 ; born in Washington Co., 
 111., 1826 ; moved to Iowa and on to his 
 present farm in 1851 ; he was married in 
 1848 to Mi.'is Sarah H. Barnes, from 111.; 
 they have had eleven children, eight 
 living — Matilda E., William B., Mary 
 A., Henry H., Stephen D., Uriah T., 
 Reuben A., Sai*ah L. His wife died in 
 the Fall of 1872 ; married again, in the 
 Fall of 1875, to Miss A. A. Place, from 
 New York ; they have had one child — 
 Perry R.; Mr. W. has held the office of 
 Justice of the Peace four years ; Tp. 
 Trustee ten years ; School Director fif- 
 teen years ; he has 240 acres of land, 
 valued at $9,000 ; Mr. W. enlisted in 
 the Mexican War, in 1846, under Gens. 
 Taylor and Wool ; he was engaged in 
 the battle of Buena Vista ; his company 
 went into the engagement with forty 
 men and came out with twenty fit for 
 duty ; in politics, Mr. H. is an Old Line 
 Democrat ; in religion, M. E. 
 
 Whitney Robt., farmer; S. 14 ; P.O. Dyers- 
 ville. 
 
 Wilkinson Wm. far.; S. 28 ; P. 0. Worth- 
 ington. 
 
 Wolfe Charles, renter ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Worth- 
 ington. 
 
HAZEL GREEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 693 
 
 HAZEL GREEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ABBEY G. farmer; Sec. 32; P.O. 
 Golden Prairie. 
 
 Aldrich Henry, far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Golden 
 Prairie. 
 
 Aldricli Lewis, renter ; 8. 21 ; P. 0. Golden 
 Prairie. 
 
 Aldricli L. far. ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 
 Ames J. M. far. ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Golden 
 Prairie. 
 
 Ames Bobert W. far. ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Golden 
 Prairie. 
 
 ANDREWS ALONZO, Farmer; 
 Sec. 1 ; P. O. Delhi; owns 100 acres, 
 vtdued at $.3,000 ; born in New York 
 State, in 1835 ; came to this county in 
 1859 ; married Miss Elvira Barnes Dec. 
 23, 1864; she was born in Canada 
 July 17, 1844; has three children — 
 Minnie M., Gertrude and Florence C. 
 Republican. 
 
 Arnold H. far ; S. 35 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
 Atkins A. far.; S. 4 ; P.O. Golden Prairie. 
 
 B ELDING AMOS, laborer; Sec. U ; 
 P. 0. Hazel Green. 
 Bensley J. M. far. ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Nugent's 
 
 Grove. 
 Billins:?? F. far. ; S. 12 ; P. 0. Hazel Green. 
 Bloodgood L. W. far. ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 Brewer C. far. ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Golden 
 
 Britt P. far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie, 
 Brown W. renter ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Golden 
 
 Prairie. 
 Burke J. farmer ; Sec. 23. 
 
 CARPENTER E. G. clergyman ;?Sec. 
 8 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie. 
 
 Chrystal D. far . ; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Golden 
 Prairie. 
 
 CHRYSTAL. JOHN, Farmer; 
 Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie ; owns 360 
 acres, valued at $10,000 ; principal pro- 
 duct corn and hay ; born in Scotland 
 Jan. 25, 1837 ; came to this county in 
 1856 ; married Miss Mary Orr March 
 21, 1867 ; she was born in Muskingum 
 Co., Ohio, Aug. 8, 1839 ; has four chil- 
 dren living — Sarah J., born April 24, 
 1868 ; Robert A., Dec. 15, 1809 ; Cath- 
 erine, July 19, 1871 ; Mary L., Sept. 
 11, 1873, died Jan. 22, 1874, and an 
 infant, born Oct. 8, 1877 ; Mr. C is a 
 
 Republican in politics : in religion. 
 Reformed Pi-esbyterian. 
 
 Clark F. teacher ; S. 5 ; P. 0. Golden 
 Prairie. 
 
 Crosier A. lab. ; 8. 1 ; P. 0. Hazel Green. 
 
 CROSIER RRADFORD, Farm- 
 er; Sec. 1; P. O. Hazel Green; owns 
 100 acres, valued at $3,000 ; born in 
 Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, August, 1822 j 
 came to this county in 1846, and to his 
 present residence in 1853 ; married Miss 
 Henrietta Pierce Nov. 21, 1849 ; has 
 six children livinir — Henry, born in 
 1850; Elmira, 1852 ; Andrew, 1855 ; 
 Emma, 1861 ; George, 1866; and Wil- 
 liam, 1869 ; enlisted Nov. 22, 1862, in 
 Co. G, 6th I. C. ; was honorably dis- 
 charged May 28, 1865; is a Democrat. 
 Curtis Preston P. farmer; S. 11 ; P. O. 
 Hazel Green. 
 
 DALGLEISH ROBT. farmer ; S. 18 ; 
 P. 0. Golden Prairie. 
 Danford S. ftirmer ; S. 1 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Devine P. farmer; Sec. 23; P. 0. Hazel 
 
 Green. 
 Dickey F. B. farmer; S. 12; P. O. Hazel 
 
 Green. 
 Dickey F. N. merchant , Hazel Green . 
 Dickey G. farmer ; Sec. 12 ; P. O. Hazel 
 
 Green. 
 Dickey John G. farmer; Sec. 12; P.O. 
 
 Hazel Green. 
 Dickey Wm. G. farmer ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
 
 Hazel Green. 
 Donahue Theodore, farmer; Sec. 30; P. 0. 
 
 Nugent's Grove. 
 Drummy John, farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. 
 
 Golden Prairie. 
 Drummy Simon, lab. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 Drummy Wm. Sr. farmer; Sec. 29 ; P. O. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Drummy Wm. F. farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. O. 
 
 Manchester. 
 DuUea Dennis, farmer ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 
 
 Uniontown. 
 DUNL.AP J. B. Farmer; Sec. 3; 
 I P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 940 acres, 
 valued at $20,000 ; born at Derry Co., 
 Ireland, April 18, 1833 ; came to this 
 county in 1854 and entered a quantity 
 of land on which he moved in 1856 ; 
 
694 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 married Miss C M. Comstock May 
 26,1860. She was born in Washing- 
 ton Co., N. Y., Aug. i), 1833 ; have 
 eight children living and two deceased 
 —John A., born March 12, 1861 ; Al- 
 mira J., Aii-r. 9, 1862, died Feb. 20, 
 1863; Th..masJ., Feb. 9, 1864, died 
 April 18, 1864; Robert E., March 9, 
 1865; Ida, Jan. 24, 1867; Geo. C, 
 Dec. 26, 1868; James, June 4, 1871 ; 
 Wm. J., July 18,/ 1873; Clara M., 
 Sept. 12, 1875, and David L., Dec. 7, 
 1877. Mr. D. is one of the early 
 settlers of this township ; has sur- 
 mounted the trials and difficulties inci- 
 dent to a pioneer life and now owns one 
 of the finest and best equipped flu-ms in 
 this part of the county ; is a Republi- 
 can and Reformed Presbyterian. 
 
 DIJNLAP THOS. B. Farmer; S. 
 11; P. 0. Hazel Green; owns 220 
 acres, valued at $5,000 ; born in Ire- 
 land Oct. 10, 1839; came to this county 
 in 1857; married Miss Rose Speers 
 Oct. 15, 1867. She was born in Ire- 
 land Oct. 14, 1846. They have three 
 children — Alexander E., born Aug. 4, 
 1868; Elmira J., Oct. 29, 1870; and 
 Robert J.. Oct. 7, 1873; enlisted Aug. 
 22, 1862, in Co. K, 21st I. V. I. ; par- 
 ticipated in the battles of Port Gibson, 
 Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, 
 siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, capture of 
 Mobile, and was honorably discharged 
 July 15, 1865; is a Republican and 
 Protestant. 
 
 Dunlap Wm. far.; S. 18; P. 0. Golden 
 Prairie. 
 
 EAGAN MICHAEL, farmer; S. 36 ; 
 P. 0. Grove Creek, Jones Co. 
 Ellison S. far. ; S. 36 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
 
 FIELDS ALEXANDER J. laborer; 
 S. 23 ; P. 0. Hazel Green. 
 
 Flanagan Patrick, far.; S. 28; P. 0. 
 Golden Prairie. 
 
 FL.IXT C. L. Farmer and Stock 
 Raiser; S. 11 ; P. 0. Hazel Green; 
 born in Schoharie Co., N. Y., July 31, 
 1825. Moved from Cooperstown, Ot- 
 sego Co., N. Y., to Hazel Green, Dela- 
 ware Co., Iowa, in April, 1853; has 
 1,300 acres of land, valued at $46,000. 
 Republican in politics; in religioi), a 
 supporter of churches of all creeds ; 
 has been Postmaster, Justice of the 
 Peac^, County Supervisor, Trustee of 
 
 the Iowa College for the Blind ; has 
 found in an experience of twelve years, 
 with a dairy of forty-six cows, that 
 dairying pays, notwithstanding out-door 
 labor be purchased ; that sheep pay 
 well, though requiring great care, having 
 had a flock varying from 1,000 to 2,000 
 for ten years ; that raising horses also 
 pays, having dealt largely in that busi- 
 ness. Was married March 13, 1849. 
 Maiden name of wife, Calista F. Holt, 
 born May 12, 1830. Name of children 
 — Charles L., born June 1, 1854; Hat- 
 lie J., born Nov. 29, 1856; Harry W., 
 born Jan. 22, 1862; Nellie C, born 
 Nov. 22, 1865. 
 
 FLIXT CHAS. li. Farmer ; Sec. 7 ; 
 P. 0. Golden Prairie ; born in this 
 county June 1, 1854; married Miss M. 
 E. Coquillett Dec. 2, 1874; she was 
 born in McIIenry Co., 111., April 19, 
 1857 ; has two children — Ethel C.,born 
 Sept. 14, 1875, and Clyde L., Dec. 16, 
 1877. Is a Republican and a Protestant. 
 
 Flint P. P. lab. ; S. 11 ; P. O. Hazel Green. 
 
 Fredrich H. far. ; S. 11 ; P.O. Hazel Green. 
 
 GODARD H. R. renter; Sec. 13; P. 
 0. Uniontown. 
 
 OREEX NEWTOBJ, Farmer ; Sec. 
 24 ; P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 155 acres, 
 valued at $4,000 ; born in Ripley Co., 
 Ind., March 5, 1835 ; came to this 
 county in 1846; married Miss America 
 Smith March 18, 1855 ; she was born 
 in Hancock Co., Ky., Aug.' 13, 1835 ; 
 has four children — Mary E., born Jan. 
 24, 1857; Eva, Dec. 17, 1858; Newton 
 A., March 5, 1864; Chas. E., July 26, 
 1874. Principal product, corn and hay. 
 Enlisted Feb. 26, 1864, in Co. K, 21st 
 I. V. I. ; was at the capture of Mobile, 
 and honorably discharged at Houston, 
 Tex., August, 1865. Is a Republican 
 and Free-Will Baptist. Mr. G. has run 
 a threshing machine for many years, and 
 is prepared to guarantee satisfaction to 
 all customers. 
 
 Grover Wm. far. ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Grove 
 
 GrXHRIE THOMAS, Farmer; 
 Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie ; owns 200 
 acres of land, valued at $5,000 ; born in 
 Clarion Co., Penn., Oct. 7, 1815 ; came 
 to this county in 1856 ; married Miss 
 Elizabeth Lusk June 20, 1838. They 
 have six children — Wm. S., born June 
 
HAZEL GREEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 695 
 
 2, 1839, and served in the 1st Cavalry 
 during the war; Albert A., Jan. 15, 
 1841, and served in the 4th Cavalry; 
 Thomas L., June 24, 1843, and served 
 in Co. K, 21st I. V. I. ; James M., Feb. 
 26, 1845: John M., Nov. 15, 1847; 
 Samuel 0., May 20, 1850, and Mary O., 
 Sept. 15, 1853, and died Feb. 7, 1873 ; 
 is a Republican and Protestant. Mrs. 
 G. was born in Piitsburgh, Penn. June 
 7, 1819. 
 GUTHRIE WM. S. Farmer ; Sec. 
 8 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie ; owns 325 
 acres, valued at $6,000 ; born in West- 
 moreland Co., Penn., June. 2, 1839 ; 
 came to this county in 1 856 ; married 
 Sarah J. Orr April 8, 1869 ; she was 
 born in Muskingum Co., Ohio, Nov. 26, 
 1841 ; have three children living and 
 one deceased — Thomas A., born Jan. 
 14, 1870 ; Edgar P]., Aug. 4, 1871, died 
 April 21, 1873; Lizzie L., April 29, 
 1874, and Arthur, Nov. 1, 1876; en- 
 listed Aug. 25, 1861, in Co. L., 1st I. 
 Cavalry, and served till Sept. 10, 1864, 
 when he was honorably discharged ; is a 
 Republican and Presbyterian ; Mrs. G. 
 is a member of the Reformed Presby- 
 terian Church. 
 
 HAIGH WM. farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
 Golden Prairie. 
 Harrington Dennis, farmer; Sec. 13; P. 
 
 0. Hazel Green. 
 Haynes R. W. far.; S. 4 ; P.O. Manchester. 
 Heyden C. lab.; S. 11; P. 0. Hazel Green. 
 Hickethier Chas. farmer ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
 
 Golden Prairie. 
 Hill F. far.; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Hill H. ; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Houston C. V. farmer ; Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
 
 Grove Creek. 
 Houston J. N. farmer : Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
 
 Grove Creek. 
 
 Hugh G. far.; Sec. 22; P. 0. Uniontown. 
 
 TRELAXD JAMES, Farmer; 
 
 J_ Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 147 
 
 acres of land, valued at $4,000 ; born 
 
 in England May 23, 1837 ; came to 
 
 • this county in 1857 ; married Miss Ade 
 
 laide Crosier Dec. 19, 1858; she was 
 
 born in Ogle Co.. 111., April 15, 1841 ; 
 
 have two children — Horace M., born 
 
 March 1, 1861, anjl Annie L. Jan. 27, 
 
 1867. Is a Republican and Free Will 
 
 Baptist. Enlisted in 1861, in Co. I, 
 
 2d I. V. C and participated in many 
 
 battles and skirmishes ; was honorably 
 dischartred Oct. 3, 1864. 
 INBEIiE CHAS. M. Far.; Sec. 15; 
 P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 142 i acres of 
 land, valued at $3,500; born in Otsego, 
 Co., N. Y., in 1841 ; came to this 
 county, 1873. Married Miss Dillon 
 Feb. 13. 1873; she was born in this 
 county Dec. 16, 1840; they have there 
 children— Frances, born Nov. 24, 1873*, 
 Bessie, Dec. 27, 1875; and Charles T., 
 Jan. 3, 1878 ; enlisted Sept. 5, 1862, 
 in Co. D. 8th I. V. C. ; participated in 
 forty-eight consecutive battles ; was 
 wounded at Chantilly Nov. 8, 1863, 
 while charging on a Division of rebel 
 infantry, having his horse shot under 
 him ; only missed three guard duties 
 while in the service, and that while suf- 
 fering with wounds from which he Ls 
 now partially disabled. Republican. 
 
 JAMES CHAS. laborer; Sec. 8 ; P.O. 
 Golden Prairie. 
 
 KEEGAN JAMES, farmer; Sec. 30; 
 P. 0. Uniontown. 
 Keith J. far.; S. 15 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie. 
 Keegan Thomas, farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
 
 Golden Prairie. 
 Keith B. far.; S. 15 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie. 
 Kellum S. far.; S. 16 ; P.O. Golden Prairie. 
 Krieling Baruhard, farmer ; Sec. 23; P. 
 0. Uniontown. 
 
 LACEY MARK, farmer; Sec. 23; 
 P. (). Uniontown. 
 
 McBRIDE JAMES, farmer; Sec. 
 24 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
 
 McBride W. far. ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Union- 
 town. 
 
 McCusker Wm. Jr. far.; S. 33 ; P.O. Golden 
 Prairie. 
 
 McCusker Wm. Sr. far. ; Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
 Golden Prairie. 
 
 McDaniel P. far. ; S. 1 ; P.O. Hazel Green. 
 
 McQuillan J. far.; Sec. 34; P. O. Grove 
 Creek. 
 
 Main J. lab. ; S. 16 ; P.O. Golden Prairie. 
 
 MAXGOLD JACOB, Farmer;. 
 Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 440 
 acres in Delaware Co., valued at $11,- 
 000, and 160 acres in Linn Co., valued 
 $3,500. Born in Switzerland Nov. 
 11, 1832; came to Southern Illinois in 
 May, 1854; came to this county in 
 1855, and entered the homestead on 
 which he now resides. Married Miss 
 Francisca Marshall March 23, 1866; 
 
696 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 she was born in Bavaria May 4, 1848; , 
 came to this country in 1863 ; they have ; 
 four children — Caroline, born March 4, 
 18011 ; John J., April 6, 1871 ; Carl i 
 F., July 23, 1873, and Edward, June 
 25, 1876. Mr. M. came to this county 
 with limited means, but by persistent 
 economy and perseverence,henow ranks 
 as one of the most thrifty farmers of this 
 part of the county. Republican and 
 Protestant. 
 
 MATTISOIV SPEXCER E. 
 
 Farming and Stock Raising ; Sec. 13 ; 
 P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 227 
 acres, valued at $7,<HJ0 ; born in Pitts- 
 field, Vt., Aug., 10, 1830; came to this 
 county in 1 872 ; married Mary a Hugh- 
 lett July 18, 1861, at Galena, 111. ; she 
 was born in Dubuque, Aug. 27, 
 1837 ; have six children living, and one 
 deceased — Nellie E., born May 18, 
 1862, died Sept. 21, 1869 ; Samuel H., 
 Sept. 30, 1863; OUn T., March 26, : 
 1866 ; Spencer E., Nov. 20, 1867 ; j 
 Bessie A., Feb. 17, 1870; John E., 
 Oct. 4, 1873, and Gertrude, Jan. 21, ' 
 1876 ; is in politics, Independent, and i 
 religion Protestant. 
 
 MERRIAM GUSTAVUS, Farm- 
 er ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Uniontown ; owns ; 
 174 acres, worth $4,500 ; born in Wor- i 
 cester Co., Mass., Aug. 4, 1830; came 
 to this county in 1855 ; married Fi- 
 delia M. Gregory in 1851, who died in : 
 1858 ; married Emily A. Somes Oct. 
 16, 1860, who was born in Jefferson Co., 
 N. Y., Aug. 19, 1831 ; he has by the first 
 marriage two daughters — Clara M., now 
 Mrs. Hogland, born Feb., 1852 ; Mary 
 S., now Mrs. Dodge, born May, 1855 ; 
 two boys by the last marriage — Louis P., 
 born July 31. 1868; Freddie, born 
 April, 1863, died Sept. 23, 1865. 
 
 MIDKIFF PRESTON, Farmer ; 
 Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 175 
 acres of land, valued at $4,300 ; born in 
 Kanawha Co., Va., Aug. 31, 1836 ; 
 came to this county in 1853 ; married 
 Miss Roxanna Dairy mple July 8, 1855; 
 she was born in Shelby Co., Ohio, Aug. 
 31,1838. On July 16, 1855, Mr. M. 
 started with his bride of only a week, to 
 seek a new home in Kansas ; arriving 
 in Union Co., Iowa, the news of Lane's 
 depredations in Kansas reached their 
 ears, and they thought it prudent to re- 
 
 main where they were till the trouble 
 had subsided ; they remained there till 
 1857, where an infant was born, which 
 they named James, but only lived a few 
 months; they then went to Cass Co., 
 Neb., and remained till 1859, when they 
 returned to Union Co., Iowa, and from 
 there to Clarke Co. in 1862, and to this 
 county in 1863, where they have since 
 resided ; they have three children living 
 — John L., born in Neb., Sept. 27, 
 1857 ; Nancy D., born in Clarke Co., 
 Iowa, Oct. 4, 1862, and Geo. T., born 
 in this township March 16, 1868; Mr. 
 M. enlisted Oct. 12, 1864, in Co. K, 
 21st la. V. I., and was honorably dis- 
 charged at Houston, Texas, Aug. 15, 
 1865; is a Republican and Protestant. 
 
 Miller B. P. far.; S. 24 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
 
 Miller W. B. far.; S.IO ; P.O. Hazel Green. 
 
 9IOORE R. W. Far.; S. 29 ; P. 0. 
 Hopkinton ; born in Guernsey Co., 0., 
 June 30, 1830 ; came t^ the county in 
 Nov., 1856; married Mi.^s Sarah L. 
 Scarbrough April 15, 1858; she was 
 born in same county, June 24, 1836 ; 
 have four children living — Margaret M., 
 born Feb. 8, 1859 ; Nancy R., Jan. 1, 
 1862; Myra E., Oct. 6, 1804; Lyman 
 C, Feb. 1, 1869, died Feb. 17 of same 
 year, and James H., born June 20, 1871; 
 Democrat and local minister of the 
 United Brethren Church. 
 
 Morgan Franklin B. 
 
 Morgan Joseph, far.; S. 14; P. 0. Hazel 
 Green. 
 
 Moulton A. W, far.; S. 10 ; P. 0. Hazel 
 Green. 
 
 O'KANE DANIEL, far.; S. 35 ; P. 0. 
 Hazel Green. 
 OAKMAN WM. C. Farmer; S. 
 24 ; P. O. Hopkinton ; owns seventy 
 acres, valued at $2,250 ; born in Frank- 
 lin Co., Mass., June 11, 1836; came to 
 this county in 1868 ; married Miss 
 Elmira S. Belding in March, 1857 ; she 
 was born in Cheshire Co., N.H., Dec. 7, 
 1835 ; Independent in politics and re- 
 ligion. 
 P'^ARTRIDGE J. W. farmer; Sec. 9; 
 P. 0. Golden Prairie. 
 Patton Samuel, far. ; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Nu- 
 
 trent's Grove, Linn Co. 
 PERLEY MOSES, Physician and 
 Farmer; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Hazel Green; 
 \ owns 300 acres, valued at $7,500 ; born 
 
HAZEL GREEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 697 
 
 in Berlin, Washington Co., Vt., Mjij 2, 
 1805 ; came to this county in 1874 ; 
 married Miss Louisa Childs Sept. 11, | 
 1833, who died March 18, 1865 ; has \ 
 by that marriage one son — ChaunceyC., I 
 born Oct. IG, 1841 ; married Mrs. Mary 
 A. Heath Aug. 11, 1865; they have ; 
 one son — Proctor, born May 2, 1869 ; ; 
 Independent in politics and religion. 
 
 Pierce Henry, lab. ; Sec. 1 1 ; P. O. Hazel j 
 Green. '• 
 
 Pierce J. H. far. ; S. 13 ; P. 0. Union- 
 town. 
 
 Pumpeary John, far. ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Hazel 
 Oreen. 
 
 RICHARDSON AMOS, far. ; Sec. 36 ; I 
 P. 0. Uniontown. i 
 
 Richardson H. A. lab. ; Sec. 36 ; P. O. j 
 Uniontown. i 
 
 Riley E. farmer; Sec. 33; P. 0. Man- 
 cncstcr. 
 
 SHEPPARD JAMES, farmer; Sec. 
 1 ; P. 0. Hazel Green. I 
 
 Sheppard Jas. renter ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Hazel 
 
 Green. , 
 
 Sheppard J. laborer; S. 11 ; P. O. Hazel | 
 
 Green. i 
 
 Sheppard Johnson, lab ; Sec. 11; P. O. ! 
 
 Hazel Green. 
 SHEPPARD JOSEPH, Farmer; 
 Sec. 17 ; P. O. Golden Prairie ; born in 
 Maryland March 9, 1820; came to 
 this county in 1854; married Mary 
 Lyon a native of Ohio, in 1851 ; their 
 children are Johnson, Michael, Mary, 
 Margaret E., Amos, Richard, George, 
 David and Joseph. Is Protestant and 
 Democrat. 
 Sheppard M. far. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. Hazel 
 
 Green. 
 Sheppard M. lab.; S. 11 ; P. 0. Hazel 
 
 Green. 
 Shinn H. far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Golden 
 
 Prairie. 
 Speers J. far. ; S. 14 ; P. 0. Hazel Green. 
 SQUIRES JAMES H. Farmer; 
 Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 107? 
 acres of land, valued at $2,500 ; born in 
 Cortland Co., N. Y. in 1842. Came to 
 this county in 1852. Married Miss 
 Mary A. Everhart in Monticello, Jones 
 Co., Iowa, January 31, 1866 ; she was 
 born in Mercer Co., Pa , Jan. 31, 1848. 
 They have two children — Edwin E., 
 born Aug. 29, 1867, and Edith Maud, 
 March 28, 1870. Rep. ; Cong. 
 
 SQUIRES S. S. Farmer ; Sec. 23 ' 
 P. O. Hazel Green ; owns 495 acres, 
 valued at |12,0(»0 ; born in Cortland 
 Co., N. Y., May 23, 1833; came to this 
 county in 1852; married Sarah J. Whit- 
 comb in 1858. Their children are 
 Dora L., Bertha, Willard, Angie, Jennie 
 and Frankie M. Mr. S.'s mother was 
 born in 1807, and is still living with 
 her children. His father was born in 
 1809, and died July 7, 1865 ; they were 
 married in 1832. Mr. S. is a Repub- 
 lican and Protestant. 
 SQUIRES THOS. J. Farmer ; Sec. 
 23; P. 0. Hazel Green; owns 108i 
 acres, valued at $2,640 ; born in Cort- 
 land Co., N. Y., May 8, 1846 ; came to 
 Jones Co., Iowa, in 1851, and to this 
 county in 1852 ; went back to Jones 
 Co. in 1853, where he remained till 
 1867, when he again returned to this 
 county, where he has since resided. 
 Married Miss Ruth Orr July 3, 1873 ; 
 she was born in Muskingum Co., Ohio, 
 March 19, 1836. They have two chil- 
 dren — Myrtie Luella, born May 27, 
 1874, and Richard C. Wiley, Sept. 16, 
 1876. Is a Hepublican and Reformed 
 Presbyterian. 
 STILL WIL.L CH AS. H. Farmer ; 
 Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Golden Prairie ; owns 
 160 acre's, valued at $4,000 ; born in 
 Elba, Genesee Co., N. Y., Feb. 7, 1843; 
 came to this county in 1865. Married 
 Miss Marion Kirkwood Feb. 11, 1868; 
 she was born in Buifalo, N. Y., Nov. 
 21, 1844. They have four children — 
 Aggie May, born Nov. 25, 1868 ; Hiram 
 R., Aus. 23, 1872; Charles M., Nov. 8, 
 1874; Hayes K., Dec. 17, 1876. Prin- 
 cipal product of farm is corn, oats and 
 
 SlfiiLIVAX CORNELIUS, 
 
 Farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Golden Prai- 
 rie ; owns 160 acres, valued at $4,000 ; 
 born in County Cork, Ireland, in 1832 ; 
 came to Boston in 1851, and to Catta- 
 raugus Co., N. Y., in 1853, where he 
 married Miss Margaret 0. Hern Sept. 
 2d of the same year ; she was born in 
 Cork Co., Ireland, in 1834; they have 
 eleven children — Timothy, born in Cat- 
 taraugus Co., N. Y., June 1854; Mary 
 E., in Elmira, N. Y., April 29, 1856 ; 
 Jeremiah, in Bradford Co., Penn., Oct. 
 23, 1859 ; Michael, in same place, Dec. 
 
698 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY; 
 
 23, 1861 ; Cornelius, born in Lycoming 
 Co., Penn., Jan. 20, 18G3 ; Hannah M., 
 in the same place Feb. 28, 18t!5 ; Dan- 
 iel, in Bradford Co., Penn., Aug. 14, 
 1867 ; John P., born in same place, Feb. 
 2, 1869; Wm. H., June 20, 1871; 
 Julia A. A. Sept. 23, 1873, and Thom- 
 as, June 22, 1877 ; the last three were 
 born in this town.shiji. Mr. S. has 
 raised a nephew, Michael W., son of 
 Daniel Sullivan ; he was born in Lycom- 
 ing Co.. Penn., Aug. 17, 1864; his 
 father died April 2, 1865, uf small pox, 
 aged 28 years ; his mother died March 
 5, 1869. 
 
 Summers Martin, far. : S. 27 : P. 0. Gold- 
 en Prairie. 
 TALMADGE GEO. renter; P. 0. 
 Hopkinton. 
 
 TAYLOR C. L. Farmer ; Sec. 6 ; P. 
 0. Manchester; owns 185 acres, valued 
 at $5,500 ; born in Grafton Co., N. H., 
 May 3, 1845; came to this county in 
 1866; married Mrs. Lucinda Wilson, 
 daughter of Thomas and Lavinia Mc- 
 Call, Sept. 17, 1868 ; she was born in 
 Clarion Co., Penn., June 27, 1845, and 
 died Nov. 8, 1872, in this township ; has 
 one son — Leon Hanson, born March 26, 
 1870 ; dairying and hogs are the chief 
 product of the form. 
 
 TAYLOR HIRAM N. Farmer; 
 Sec. 6. ; P. 0. Manchester ; owns 135 
 acres, valued at $4,000 ; born in Grafton 
 Co., N. H., May 11, 1841, came to this 
 county in 18()6 ; married Julia S. Brit- 
 ton Oct. 25. 1873, who was born in 
 Rutland Co. Vt., April 5, 1851 ; corn is 
 the principal product of his farm ; is a 
 Republican and Protestant. 
 
 TAYLOR R. L. Farmer, Liventor 
 and Manufacturer ; born in West Wind- 
 sor, Vt., Feb. 7, 1829 ; married to Miss 
 Charlutte M. MitchiOl March 25, 1857, 
 who was born at Leompster, N. H., 
 July 15, 1833, but mostly raised in 
 Weathersfield, Vt. She died at Hop- 
 kinton, Iowa, Jan 11, 1866, leaving 
 him two daughters living — Charlotte 
 Minerva, born at New Oregon, Iowa, 
 Sept. 7, 1858, and Edith Grace, born at 
 Hopkinton, Iowa, Oct. 4, 1864; having 
 previously lost one daughter and one 
 son ; he was married the second time to 
 Mrs. Carrie R. Atwood. April 2, 1867, 
 who was born at Westminster, Vt.. Dec. 
 
 12, 1839. He moved with his family 
 to Hopkinton, Delaware Co., Iowa, in 
 Sept. 1860, where he kept a store and 
 post office for several years. His health 
 failing, he sold his store and enclosed, in 
 common with others, his farm where he 
 now resides, on Section 5, Hazel Green 
 Township, in this county, then compar- 
 atively a mere speck as compared with 
 the extensive wild, almost unbroken and 
 sparsely settled prairie, in the Spring of 
 1866. To save expense, he conceived 
 the idea of fencing in one enclosure a 
 strip of land one mile wide by two miles 
 long, save forty acres, which he accom- 
 plished by inducing other owners to join 
 in the enterprise, which, although it cost 
 him a large effort, richly repaid him by 
 bringing his farm, then of about 320 
 acres, into the enclosure thus formed 
 (the renot being fenced previously, of the 
 full amount, only about 170 acres in the 
 almost two square miles), this enclosed 
 with a single line of fence about 240 
 rods in length, being one side of his 
 farm. The surrounding prairies were 
 fenced and improved as by magic, and 
 in a very few years were all fenced and 
 dotted with buildings and groves. He 
 commenced the building of wire fence 
 when it was looked upon with distrust 
 and considered a failure generally. He 
 discovered the supposed failure to be 
 want of building it j)roperly and keep- 
 ing the wires tight. The latter diffi- 
 culty he successfully overcame by in- 
 venting the famous Taylor Stretcher, 
 which is now extensively used and has 
 a wide-spread reputation of being the 
 best in use, and so cheap that farmers 
 cannot afford to do without it. He has 
 also invented a wire splicer and pincers 
 for connecting wires which make a per- 
 fect splice that cannot break, besides 
 saving much time and wire and is con- 
 sidered almost indispensable in building 
 and repairing wire fences. The Taylor 
 Harrow is also his invention. It is 
 extensively introduced, and, by the re- 
 ports of the best farmers, it has become 
 established as the best and most practi- 
 cable harrow in the Great West. 
 
 Thomas Henry, far. ; S. 10 ; P. 0. Hazel 
 Green. 
 
 Thomas A. S. lab. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Goldea 
 Prairie. 
 
HAZEL GREEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 699 
 
 Thomas Hurbert, laborer; S. 17; P.O. 
 Golden Prairie. 
 
 THOMAS J. A. Farinino; and Stock 
 Raising; S. 16; P. 0. Golden Prairie; 
 owns 825 acres, valued at $25,000 ; 
 bnrn in Connecticut Aug. 18, 1827 ; 
 came to this county in 1862. He 
 spent his boyhood with his uncle, J. H. 
 Benedict, in Otsego Co., N. Y. As a 
 school boy, was never caught alone 
 pouring over his books. His time, 
 when not at work, was mostly devoted to 
 breaking steers and colts, making calf 
 yokes, sleds, etc. When 12 years old, 
 he had four bright red, 2-year old steers, 
 with brass buttons on their horns, 
 trained so nicely that he drove them 
 without a yoke about the county fair 
 grounds ; they would mind the motion 
 of the whip, he being perched upon the 
 head of an old ox whose weight was 
 nearly 2,000 pounds. He thinks now 
 if farmers' boys would get more educa- 
 tion in the barnyai'd, there would be 
 fewer farmers who would say their lives 
 were failures financially. He went to 
 California, in 1849, by way of Cape 
 Horn ; was gone five years. Married 
 Miss Almira Flint Nov. 1, 1856. She 
 was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., 
 Jan. 24, 1836 ; is a member of the 
 Congregational Church. Came to this 
 county in the Spring of 1862 with 950 
 sheep ; drove them to this State from 
 Michigan the year before. This was 
 the largest flock, except one, in Iowa, at 
 the time ; kept them seven years. The 
 enterprise was a success, the profits 
 purchasing 100 acres of land each 
 year. 
 
 Thomas Wm. far.; S. 15; P. 0. Golden 
 Prairie. 
 
 Tinkham Chas. far. ; S. 5 ; P. O. Golden 
 Prairie. 
 
 Tinkham Clarence, far. ; S. 5 ; P. O. 
 Golden Prairie. 
 
 yTTLiEY" G. H. Farmer; Sec. 16; 
 kJ p. O. Golden Prairie ; born in 
 Erie Co., Ohio, Jan. 5, 1851 ; came to 
 this county in 1868. Married Lora 
 Cleveland Jan. 1, 1874 ; she was born 
 in Illinois Jan. 11, 1851 ; they have 
 one son — Harry, born Jan. 4, 1875. Is 
 a Republican. 
 
 WAGEY F. W. laborer; Sec. 34; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 WAL.KUP OTIS B. Farmer ; Sec. 
 18; P.O.Manchester; owns 116 a<res, 
 valued at $3,500 ; born in Franklin 
 Co., Mass., Aug. 27, 1827. Married 
 Miss Aurilla Spauldlng Sept. 18, 1851, 
 in Vermont ; she was born in Cheshire 
 Co., N. H., March 17, 1828, they moved 
 to this county in 1 867 ; have five chil- 
 dren — Maria A., born Jan. 17, 1853 ; 
 George 0., April 22, 1858 ; Charles W., 
 July 27, 1860 ; Hoyt. L. June 9, 1864, 
 and Jennie E., Aug. 11, 1867. Is a 
 Republican and Protestant. Came to 
 Iowa, Jones Co., April, 185(5 ; moved 
 to Delaware Co., March, 1867. 
 
 Warrell J. farmer; S. 22; P.O. Hazel 
 Green. 
 
 WAUGH DAVID, Farmer; Sec. 
 3; P. 0. Hazel Green ; owns 280 acres, 
 valued at $8,500 ; principal product, 
 oats, corn and wheat ; born in Ireland 
 December, 1824 ; came to this county 
 in 1867, married Miss Mary E. Van 
 Duzer Dec. 30, 1852; she was born in 
 Schuyler Co., N.Y., Feb. 3, 1832 ; have 
 three children — James M.,born Oct. 13, 
 1853 ; Wm. 0., Nov. 18, 1855, died 
 Aug. 29, 1863 ; George W., born Oct. 
 16, 1857; Robert E., Oct. 3, 1859, 
 died August 15, 1861, and Nannie E., 
 born March 27, 1866. Is, in religion, 
 a Presbyterian, and in politics. Inde- 
 pendent. 
 
 West Thomas, lab.; S. 10; P. 0. Hazel 
 Green. 
 
 WILSON IRVIX, Farmer; S. 25; 
 P. 0. Uniontown ; owns 300 acres, 
 valued at $7,500 ; born in Ireland Jan. 
 1, 1830 ; came to this county in 1861 ; 
 principal product of farm, stock and 
 grain ; married Rhoda S. Weatherby 
 August, 1871, who died Feb. 24, 1876 ; 
 has one child living and one deceased — 
 Rhoda S., horn Oct. 27, 1872, died May 
 24,1877 ; Irvin T., born Nov. 27, 1874 ; 
 is a Republican and Methodist. 
 
 WILrSON JAMES, Farmer; S. 
 29 ; P. O. Golden Prairie ; owns eighty- 
 five acres of land, valued at $2,5O0 ; 
 born in Haddingtonshire, Scotland, April 
 5, 1820 ; came to this county in 1854; 
 married Miss Helen Bruce in 1860; she 
 was born in Galashiels, Scotland, in 1831 ; 
 They have one daughter — Melissa, born 
 May 17, 1861 ; is a Republican and 
 Protestant. 
 
700 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY : 
 
 Wilson Matthew, lab.; S. 25 ; P. 0. Union- 
 town. 
 
 Wilson Thomas, far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Union- 
 town. 
 
 Winnard Thomas, far.; S. 2 ; P. 0. Hazel 
 Green. 
 
 Woodward H. W. far. ; S. 21 ; P.O. Gold- 
 en Prairie. 
 
 YOUNIE L. JR. far. ; S. 29 ; P. O. 
 Manchester. 
 
 YOtlWIE LEWIS, Farmer; Sec. 
 29 ; P. 0. Manchester. Owns 160 acres 
 valued at $4,000 ; born in Scotland 
 
 Dec, 1815 ; came to America in 1830, 
 and to this county in 1861. Married 
 Miss Jane Maxwell Oct. 14, 1847 ; she 
 was born in Scotland Feb. 28, 1828. 
 Have ten children living — John W.,^ 
 born July 15, 1849; Ellen, Jan. 16, 
 1851 ; Jennette, Oct. 24, 1852 ; Will- 
 iam, Feb. 5, 1854; Lewis, Nov. 20, 
 1855 ; Ann, Oct. 4, 1857 ; Alexander, 
 July 26, 1859 ; James, Oct. 26, 1861 ; 
 David, Dec. 25, 1863 ; Richard, Nov. 
 6, 1865 ; is a Democrat and Protest- 
 ant. 
 
 PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ALLTN CHARLES, farmer; Sec. 5; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 Anderson Christopher, far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Annis A. J. far. ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Annis G. tar. ; S: 15 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Annis John D. far. ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Annis T. J. far.; S. 12; P. 0. Man- 
 
 BALLARD WILLIAM, Sec. 16 ; P. 
 0. Manchester. 
 
 Barlholf Alfred, far. ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Barlholf Summer, far. ; S. 6 ; P. O. Ma- 
 sonville. 
 
 Barr A. W. far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 Barr A. far.; S. 24; P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 Barr John, far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 Barr M. far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 Barr R. far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 Barrey Charles C. far. ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
 Barryville. 
 
 BARRY JOHX S. Farmer ; P. 0. 
 Barryville; born in Franklin Co., Mass., 
 Dec. 23. 1827 ; graduated at Williams 
 College in 1853 ; married Pamelia M. 
 Brown, of same county, March 10, 1852. 
 She was born Sept. 27, 1827. Mr. Barry 
 taught in the Union schools of Saratoga 
 Springs two years after graduating ; emi- 
 grated to Iowa, arriving in April, 1856, 
 and settled where he now lives, and has 
 780 acres of land and is a large stock 
 dealer ; was appointed Postmaster, and 
 established the Barryville postoffice in 
 1857, and still holds the same ; they 
 have had three children — John S., Jr., 
 
 born July 21, 1843 ; Chas. C, Jan. 19. 
 1856; Mattie P., July 29, 1858. John 
 S., Jr. died Dec. 17, 1877. 
 
 Beal Orin, laborer ; Masonville. 
 
 BOARD WAY PETER, Farmer; 
 Sec. 15; P. 0. Manchester; born in 
 Collins, Erie Co., N. Y., Feb. 6, 1842 ; 
 enlisted in Co., A. 64th N. Y. V. as 
 private ; was promoted to Corporal, Ser- 
 geant, Commissary Sergeant, First Lieu- 
 tenant, and finally Captain ; was in the 
 following battles — Fair Oaks, Antietam, 
 Fredricksburg, Chancellorsville, Sucker 
 Gap, Thoroughfare Gap, Gettysburgh, 
 Coal Harbor, Centerville, Wilderness, 
 Spotsylvania, advance on Petersburg 
 and all the movements of the Second 
 Army Corps up to Gen. Lee's surrender ; 
 married Mary Lallman, March 3, 1867, 
 of Erie Co., N. Y.,and emigrated to this 
 town in September, 1867 ; they have 
 one child — Maggie A. ; has eighty acres 
 
 BRITTOX BEWJAMI]^ B. 
 
 Farmer ; Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Masonville ; 
 born in Springfield, Windsor Co., Vt., 
 March 27, 1810; moved with his par- 
 ents to Rutland Co., Vt., in 1827; 
 married Louise Burton May 14, 1836. 
 She was born in Andover, Vt., Aug. 
 15,1815; they have had eight chil- 
 dren — Lewis B., Henry, Leroy A., War- 
 ren, L. Floridon Julie S., Warren B. 
 andAltieL. Lewis B., Henry, Leroy A., 
 Warren B. and L. Floridon, have died. 
 Leroy A. enlisted in Co. H, 10th Regt. 
 Vt. I., and died at Rockville, Maryland, 
 
.PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 701 
 
 of pneumonia, Dec. 17, 1862. Mr. Brit- 
 ton was a member of the Vermont Legis- 
 lature four years and a member of the 
 Constitutional Convention once ; emi- 
 grated to this town in the Spring of 
 1869. 
 
 Britton W. B. ; P. 0. Masonville. 
 
 Buck John, lab. ; Manchester. 
 
 Burtance Chas. H. far. ; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
 CARRADUS DAVID, farmer; Sec. 
 29 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 Creamer C. E. lab. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 Creamer Joseph, far. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 Collard S. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Carothers C. W. far; S. 32; P. 0. 
 Barryville. 
 
 DANIEL THOMAS, farmer ; Sec. 10 ; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Davis Alle. 
 
 Dodge J. P. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Drury A. H. far. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 DUREY AL.FRED, Deceased; 
 born in Kent Co., England, Sept. 4, 
 1830; emigrated to the State of New 
 York in 1850 ; married Mary Hicks, 
 who had just arrived from his native 
 country, the 14th of June, 1852. Came 
 to Illinois and then to this county, in 
 the Spring of 1856. Have had eleven 
 children, nine still living, viz. : Emma 
 A., Albert H., Wm. A., Mary J., Fred- 
 erick L., Charles F., Elmer E., George 
 C, Libbie P., Mattie M., John A. 
 Charles F. died when 8 months old, 
 and Elmer died when 4 years and 6 
 months. Mr. Durey died Feb. 2, 1877 ; 
 was one of the first settlers of the town, 
 and his son Wm. A. was the first one to 
 vote that was born within this township. 
 The estate has 340 acres of land, valued 
 at SI 0,000. 
 
 Durey F. far. ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Dugan J. far. ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. Barryville. 
 
 Durey W. A. farmre; S. 2; P. 0. Man- 
 cliGstGr. 
 
 Tj^ECKERY HENRY, laborer; P. 0. 
 
 JD Manchester. 
 
 Fox D. K. far. ; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Fox H. C. far.; Sec. 1 ; P.O. Manchester. 
 
 Freles Daniel K. carpenter; Sec. 29 ; P. O. 
 Manchester. 
 
 C^ ARDNER HENRY, farmer ; S. 6 ; 
 J P. 0. Masonville. 
 
 Gardner W. S. far. ; S. 6 ; P. O. Mason- 
 ville. 
 
 Genneull Geo. E. far. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Mason- 
 ville. 
 
 Grant Chas. G. renter ; S. 2 ; P. O. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Grant Geo. W. rtr. ; S. 23 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 HASSY MICHAEL G. farmer ; S. 23 ; 
 P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 HEALY PATRICK, Farmer ; S. 
 29 ; P. 0. Manchester ; born in Ireland 
 in 1798; emigrated from Connaught to 
 America, landing in New York in 1828; 
 lived in Connecticut until 1857, when 
 he came to this county and town. Has 
 three children living, and have lost 
 seven. Name of those living — Thomas 
 H., Bridget and Margaret. One son 
 enlisted in the late war, and was killed 
 at the battle of luka. Has eighty acres of 
 land. 
 
 Healy Thomas, lab. ; Manchester. 
 
 Hellier John, far. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 HIIiLIER THOMAS, Farmer j 
 S. 2; P. 0. Manchester; born in Devon- 
 shire, Eng., Jan., 1822 ; came to the 
 United States in 1852, and stopped in 
 Illinois four years, then came to this 
 county, on the land he now owns, in 
 1857, and built his house, which has 
 ever been open for religious meetings 
 and Sunday schools. Married his first 
 wife while in England, whose name was 
 Ann Dadds, in 1846; she died in 
 1850 ; had one son — John. In the 
 Fall of 1855, Mr. Hillier married the 
 widow Anna May, whose maiden name 
 was Rice, who married James King, 
 and after his death married Ezra May, 
 who also died, leaving her the Widow 
 May. She was a native of Rome, 
 Oneida Co., N. Y. 
 
 Hines Jas. far. ; S. 28 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 Hines T., Sr., far.; S. 28 ; P.O. Barryville. 
 
 JOHNSON JOHN, renter; P. 0. Bar- 
 ryville. 
 Joslyn R. W. laborer. 
 
 KEISER HENRY, firmer; Sec. 15 -. 
 P. O. Manchester. 
 Kelser J. far.; Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Kelley John, Sr. farmer; Sec. 19; P. 0. 
 
 Masonville. 
 Kelley Peter, laborer ; P. 0. Masonville. 
 Kennedy David, farmer; Sec. 34; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 
702 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Kramer J. far.; S. 29; P. 0. Barrjville. 
 
 LAWRENCE N. W. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; 
 P. Manchester. 
 Libby Charles A. farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P. O. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Lightfoot A. L. renter ; P. 0. Manchester, 
 Lindrum J. far.; S. 32 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Luddey J. far.; S. 21 ; P. 0. MasonviUe. 
 Lyman C.W. farmer; Sec. 12; P. 0. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Lyman H. E. farmer; Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
 
 Barry villc. 
 Lyman W. C. farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
 
 Barryville. 
 Lyon C. far.; Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Lyon E. M. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 McFARLAN RICHARD, farmer; 
 Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 McGuire J. far.; S. 31 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 McKiitrick P. M. renter; P. 0. Tower Hill. 
 McMahon Owen, farmer; Sec. 21-; P. 0. 
 
 Barryville. 
 Maloney John, renter ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 Miller Andrew Jr. farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Morris Thos. F. laborer; P. 0. Manchester. 
 Mulligan Michael lab.; P. 0. Barryville. 
 Mulvehill J. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. MasonviUe. 
 Mulvehill M. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. Masonviile. 
 Mulvehill P. far.; S. 8 ; P. 0. M:isonville. 
 Murphy E. far.; S. 19; P.O. Barryville. 
 
 ORVIS W. M. farmer ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
 Manchester. 
 ORVIS E. p. Farmer; Sec. 12; P. 
 0. Manchester ; wa-s born in Washing- 
 ton Co.. N. Y., April 8, 1824 ; came to 
 Illinois in 1844 ; married Caroline Put- 
 nam in Kane Co., 111., Nov. 21, 1846; 
 and came to thi.s State some years after, 
 and settled on his present form ; have 
 seven children — Theodore W., Arvilla 
 A., Florence V., Alice E., Elmore W., 
 Fannie Z. and Frank E. Is a Repub- 
 lican ; Independent in religion. 
 
 P EMBER WILLIAM, renter ; P.O. 
 Manchester. 
 RYAN PATRICK, farmer; Sec. 21 ; 
 P. 0. Barryville. 
 RICR Wn. K. Farmer ; See. 5 ; P. 
 O. MasonviUe; born Oct. 9. 1845, in 
 Hartsgrove, Ashtabula Co., Ohio ; came 
 to town in May, I8(;9; married Irene 
 Young, of A.shtabula Co., Dec. 19, 1871 ; 
 she was born Sept. 28, 1850. They 
 have two children — Bertha, born Feb. 
 14. 1873, and Alma, born June 19, 
 
 1876. W. E. and A. H. Rice own 160 
 acres of land on Sec. 5. 
 
 QELLENS GEO. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
 
 >0 Manchester. 
 
 Sellons Wm. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Shofner S. M. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Barryville. 
 
 SmJttOXS CALiVIN, Farmer; 
 Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Mancliester ; born in On- 
 tario Co., N. Y., June 1, 1803. Came 
 to Ohio in 1826, and from there to Illi- 
 nois in 1853, and to township of Prairie, 
 Delaware Co., Iowa, in 1869 ; married 
 Harriet Preston, of Ontario, N. Y., Feb. 
 25, 1823; shedicd Sept. 16, 1827;married 
 Mary Janet Stimson in Medina Co., 0., 
 Aug. 11, 1851 ; had seven children by 
 first marriage — Myrett, William G., 
 John F., ^V^alter, Caleb, Harriet, 
 Maryett. Owns 280 acres of land ; be- 
 longs to M. E. Church ; in politics. 
 Republican. 
 
 Smith T. far. ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Snyder G. W. far. ; Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Stewart R.F . far.; S. 10 ; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Stewart W. P. laborer ; Manchester. 
 
 STILES HEI^RY, Far.; S. 2 ; P.; . 
 MasonviUe; born Jan. 2, 1836, in Peru, 
 Bennington Co., Vt.; married Helen 
 Rider, of same town. May 14, 1865 ; 
 came to this town April, 1866, and 
 opened up and improved the farm on 
 which he now lives ; they have two 
 children — Francis J. and Harry E ; Mr. 
 Stiles enlisted in the 2d Reg. Vt. Brig., 
 Oct., 1861, serving in the Army of the 
 Potomac his full time of enli-stment; Mrs. 
 Stiles was born Oct. 7, 1843. 
 Stimpson Jason, far.; S. 13; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Stimpson Milton, far.; S. 13; P. 0. Man- 
 chester. 
 
 W^EAVER BENJAMIN, farmer; 
 S. 16; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 Welch James, renter; S. 8 ; P. O. Mason- 
 viUe. 
 
 Welch Robert,for.;S. 8 ; P. 0. MasonviUe. 
 
 WILEY HENRY C. Farmer; S. 
 7; P. O. Masonviile; born in Windsor 
 Co., Vt., Dec. 4, 1844, and lived at 
 home until his arrival at age, clerking 
 for his father the latter part of the time 
 in his father's store ; emigrated to Iowa 
 and has resided in this town for the past ■ 
 eight years ; married Lucretia F. Mar- 
 tin March 30, 1869 ; she was born in 
 
BREMEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 703 
 
 BureauCo.,111., June 23, 1852; they have 
 three children — Edmond P., Clarence 
 M., and Pliney A.; owns 120 acres of 
 land and has an orchard of 1 ,200 apple 
 
 trees doing finely and just coming into 
 bearing. 
 Woodcock W. H. lab.; P. 0. Manchester. 
 
 BREMEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 AHMANN ADOLPH, f^umer; S. 24; 
 P. 0. Petersburg. 
 Althoff Theodore, far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Pe- 
 tersburg. 
 Areus H. far. ; S. 23 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 Arens Jos. far. ; S. 17 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 BACKENSTEDT ARNOLD, farmer ; 
 S. 12 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 
 
 Ben Wm. far. ; S. 28 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 
 
 Bisgrove E. far. ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Bisgrove F. far. ; S. 34 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 BlI^GROYE HENRY, Farmer; 
 S. 34 ; born in Parish Wedmore, 
 Stoughton, Eng., April 5, 1822. Moved 
 to this country and Dubuque Co., Iowa, 
 in 1857 ; settled on his present farm in 
 1868. He was married in 1846 to 
 Miss Jane Clapp, from Ash ton, Eng.; 
 born July 21, 1819. They have had 
 seven children — Elizabeth J., Edward, 
 Frank, Hannah, Luke, George C, John 
 R. Elizabeth J. married John Rich, 
 of Delhi. Edward married Mary J. 
 Gibbs, of North Fork Tp., and lives on 
 S. 33, Brown Tp. Mr. B. has 160 
 acres of land, valued at $8,000. In 
 politics, Republican ; irjffeligion, Metho- 
 dist. 
 
 Bisgrove L. far. ; S. 34 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Bockenstedt A. far. ; S. 12. 
 
 Bohnenkomp F. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 Bohnenkomp H. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 Bruening B. iar. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Burlet John, far. ; S. 30 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 i^OOK JOHN, farmer ; P. O. Earlville. 
 
 Couissins T. far.; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 DAENIER PETER, merchant ; Pe- 
 tersburg. 
 Deppe Wm. far. ; S. 4 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 Doolittle A. S. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 Drexler John, Sr. farmer ; Sec. 14 ; P. O. 
 
 Dyersville. 
 Dreiler J. Jr. far. ; S. 28 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 EIGENBERGER GEORGE, laborer ; 
 P. 0. Petersburg. 
 Eigenberger J. far. ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Peters- 
 burg. 
 Eike Jos. far. ; Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 FANGMAN CLEMENS, farmer; Sec. 
 35 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 Fangman J. far. ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 Funke B. far.; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 Funke H. far. ; S. 13 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 
 r^ IBBS EDWARD, farmer ; Sec. 31 ; 
 VX p. 0. Earlville. 
 Glynn Patrick, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 Goedken H. far.; S. 5 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 Goerett Carl, far.; S. 24 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 HARMIER ANTONE,far.; S.7 ; P.O. 
 Petersburg. 
 
 Harmier Henry, far.; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Hehman Fred, far.; S. 6 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Herman Grave, far.; S. 22 ; Dyersville. 
 
 Hildebrand Geo. far.; S. 17 ; P. 0. Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 Houkomp A. far.; S. 4 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Houkomp H. far.; S.12 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 
 
 Hunt Henry, far.; S. 32 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 HIJXT JAMES, Far.; S. 32 ; P. 0. 
 Earlville ; born in England June 7,1830 ; 
 moved to this country and Ohio in 
 1841 ; to Iowa and to his present farm 
 1857; he was married, 1865 to Miss 
 Elizabeth Gibbs, from England ; she was 
 born June 20, 1844 ; they have had 
 ten children, eight living — Robert, 
 George, Ellen, Allen, Willia'm, James, 
 Sidney, Phoebe A.; Mr. Hunt has 1,600 
 acres of land located in Bremen, Oneida 
 and Delhi Tps., valued at $25,000 ; he 
 purchased 160 acres of the Government 
 in 1853 ; he deals quite extensively in 
 stock ; in politics, a Republican ; his 
 brother, Henry Hunt, lives wiih him 
 and helps to carry on the farm 
 
 JANSE HENRY, far.; S. 16 ; P. O. 
 
 tJ Dyersville. 
 
 KERKHOFF HERMAN, flirmer ; S. 
 20 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
704 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY: 
 
 Kerne John, far. ; S. 24 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 KirckhoflF A. far. ; S. 22 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Kirckhoff H. far. ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Kirckhoff Henry, far.; S. 12; P. C). 
 Dyersville. 
 
 Kleespies J. Sr. f\ir. ; S. 7 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 KLEESPIES JACOB, Farmer; 
 S. 7 ; P. 0. Earlville ; born in the king- 
 dom of Bavaria, Prussia, in 1826 ; 
 came to this country and New Jersey in 
 1851 ; to this State and Dubuque in 
 1855. He settled on his present farm 
 in 1864 ; was married in 1854 to Miss 
 Elizabeth Frey, from Prussia. They 
 have had nine children, two dead — Caro- 
 line, Mary, Joseph, William, Valentine, 
 Adam, Anthony. He has 200 acres of 
 land, valued at"$lU,()0(l. He has held 
 the office of Justice of the Peace tvfo 
 years ; Township Trustee six years ; 
 School Director nine years. His fether, 
 Adam Kleespies, lives with him. He is 
 77 years old. He enlisted in the I07th 
 Regt. N. Y. Zouaves in our late rebel- 
 lion ; was in the battles of Fortress 
 Monroe and Yorktown. 
 
 Koclker H. far. ; S. 4 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Koclker H. far. ; S. 4 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Kramer F. far. ; S. 18 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Krapfl G. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 
 
 Krapfl G. Jr. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Dyers- 
 ville. 
 
 Krogmann 0. far.; S. 19; P. 0. Peters- 
 burg. 
 LAPPE JOHN, far.; S. 28; P. 0. 
 Dyersville. 
 
 LrE GAI^^ICK J AMEI^, Farmer; 
 S. 29 ; P. O. Earlville ; born in London, 
 Eng., in 1830. Moved with his par- 
 ents to this country and Ohio in 1841 ; 
 to Cook Co., 111., in 1848; to Iowa and 
 on his present farm in 1852. He was 
 married in 1857 to Miss Sophia Hayes, 
 from England. They have had one 
 child — John, born May 26, 1867. Mr. 
 L. held the office of County Supervisor 
 nine years "under the former system. 
 He now holds the same under the 
 present system. He held the office of 
 Justice of the Peace sixteen years ; 
 Town.ship Clerk four years ; Township 
 Assessor three years ; Township Trustee 
 ten years ; Secretary School Board six- 
 teen years. He has 24(1 acres of land, 
 valued at $12,000. He lost his dwell- 
 ing by fire May 2, 1874. Mr. Le Gas- 
 
 sick is held in high esteem by the peo- 
 ple of the county, and walks off with 
 large majorities at the county and town- 
 ship elections. 
 
 Leib Henry, school teacher ; P. 0. New 
 Vienna. 
 
 Leichtberg Bernard, far. ; S. 12 ; P. 0. 
 New Vienna. 
 
 Loesche H. far. ; S. 6 ; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Luke H. A. flir. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 
 
 MAIROSE CLEMENS, farmer ; S. 
 4 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 MAASJOST REV. S. Clergyman 
 Parish SS. Peter and Paul; P. 0. 
 Petersburg; born in Prussia in 1839; 
 came to this country and Guttenburg, 
 Clayton Co., Iowa, in 1852 ; to this 
 county and parish in 1873; their church 
 was organized in 1867, and was built 
 the same year ; it is 100x45 ft. ; they 
 have a membership of 135 families. 
 Father Maasjost was instructed in the 
 Englisn language in Prussia and Bel- 
 gium, and notwithstanding, he has offi- 
 ciated over two entire German parishes ; 
 he speaks and writes the English 
 fluently. 
 
 Mairose Jos. far.; S. 9 ; P. O. Petersburg. 
 
 Meorman B. far.; S. 9 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Mullencamp Antone, far.; Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
 Petersburg. 
 
 "XTABER B. D. farmer ; Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
 
 _L\| Petersburg. 
 
 Naber G. far. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Naber J. far. ; S. 11 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 
 
 Naber J. H. far. ; S. 11; P.O. New Vienna. 
 
 Nichols D. renter ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Dyers- 
 ville. 
 
 Nurre B. far. ; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 OLBERDING H. retired; P. 0. Dyers- 
 ville. 
 Osterhous J. far. ; S. 6 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 Overmann F. far. ; S. 8 ; P .0. Petersburg. 
 
 PETSCHE PETER, peddler; P. O. 
 Petersburg. 
 T3AUCH JOHN. 
 
 Riden W. far. ; S. 25 ; P. O. Dyersville. 
 
 RUBL.Y FREDERICK, Mercht 
 and Postmaster ; P. 0. Petersburg ; 
 born in Pa., 1847 ; he came to Iowa, 
 and this township in 1858 ; settled in 
 Petersburg in 1872; he was married in 
 1869 to Miss Thresa R. Ricksher, from 
 Fort Madison, Iowa. They have had five 
 children — Andrew, John, William, Rose, 
 
UNION TOWNSHIP. 
 
 705 
 
 Bertha ; he has held theoflice of Justice 
 of the Peace for two years, Assessor two 
 years, Township Clerk one year, 
 Postmaster three years ; he is in partner- 
 ship with his brother John ; they keep 
 a general stock of merchandise ; Mr. 
 Rubly,duringthe Winter months, teaches 
 school while his brother carries on the 
 business. 
 
 Rubly John, merchant, Petersburg. 
 
 QANDERCOCK JOHN, far. ; Sec. 3(1 ; 
 
 iO p. 0. Earlville. I 
 
 Sassen B. merchant ; Petersburg. | 
 
 Schaffers H. far. ; S. 34 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Scheberding J. saloon keeper ; Petersburg. 
 
 Schlikman J. far. ; S. 33 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 8chmeidingC. far.; S. 16; P.O.Petersburg. 
 
 Schmeiker C. far. ; S. 20 ; P.O. Petersburg, j 
 
 Schmidt P. shoemaker ; Petersburg. 
 
 Schertz H. far. ; Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Seigell A. laborer ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 
 Sellnar A. far. ; S. 19 ; P. O. Petersburg. 
 
 SiiHsS. farmer; Sec. 3(i; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Sorster A. far. ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Stangel A. far. ; S. 15 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 Staples J. far. ; Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 Steger G. Sr. far. ; S. 23 ; P. 0. Dyersville. 
 Steger G. Jr. far. ; S. 23 ; P.O. Dyersville. 
 Steger M.far. ; Sec. 25 ; P.O. Dyersville. 
 Sudmire G. far. ; S. 2 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 Sudmier J. tar.; S. 20 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 
 
 TUSHNAR FRED, farmer ; Sec. 19 ; 
 P. 0. Petersburg. 
 TT'OESSING WM. farmer ; Sec. 20 ; 
 V P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 WEISCHE H. farmer ; Sec. 31 ; P. 
 0. Earlville. 
 
 Wessell B. far. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. New Vienna. 
 
 Wessell J. W. far. ; S. 1 ; P. 0. New 
 Vienna. 
 
 Westenmier F. farmer; S. 21 ; P.O. Dyers- 
 ville. 
 
 WestlakeS. far.; P. 0. Earlville. 
 
 Westmier 0. farmer ;. Sec. 21. 
 
 Witte J. tar. ; S. 3 ; P. 0. Petersburg. 
 
 Witte Joseph, carpenter ; Petersburg. 
 
 Wordelhotf Wm. far. ; S. 17 ; P. 0. Peters- 
 
 UNION TOWNSHIP. 
 
 BACON BERTRAND, far.; S. 2 ; P. 
 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Bacon Charles, far.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Bacon I. far.; S. 32 ; P. 0. Grove Creek. 
 
 Bacon J. renter ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Bacon J. C. farm hand; P. O. Hopkinton. 
 
 Bacon J. M. lab.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Baker John, far.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Barnes F. S. far.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Barnes James, far.; S. 19 ; P.O. Uniontown. 
 
 Barrows L. S. far.; S. 23 ; P. O. Hopkinton. 
 
 BERLIN PAUJL B. renter; S. 32 ; 
 P. 0. Grove Creek ; born in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1855, and lived there until he 
 was 16 years of age ; he then came to 
 Delaware County and has made it his 
 home since then ; was married in 1875 
 to Caddie Hogg, who was born in this 
 county ; Democrat. 
 
 Blanchard Aaron P. far.; S. 22; P. 0. 
 Hopkinton. 
 
 Blanchard Curtis, lab.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Blanchard Perry C. lab.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Billings Charles, P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Billings Charles D. far.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Britt John, far.; S. 9 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Burnight J. far.; S. 31 ; P.O. Grove Creek. 
 
 Byam Oliver, far.; S. 30 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Byrom Benj. far.; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 / SONANT E. G. flir.; S. 22 ; P. 0. Hop- 
 
 V_y kinton. 
 
 Conner 0. C far.; S. -t ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 CROSS li. D. Farmer; S. 33 ; P. 0. 
 Grove Creek ; was born in New Hamp- 
 shire in 1813, and lived there until 18 
 years old ; removed to State of Vermont, 
 and remained there until he was 21 years 
 old ; then moved to Hartford, Ct., then 
 to Lowell, Mass., from there to Illinois, 
 and then to this State ; has lived in 
 Delaware Co. thirty-five years ; was mar- 
 ried in 1 840 to Phoebe Bullard, of Mass., 
 one child living — Orlando M.; one, Car- 
 oline, dead ; Republican ; Baptist. 
 DANFORD JOSHUA, farmer; P. 
 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Danford Wm. far. ; S. 8 ; P. 0. Union. 
 
 DAVIS MARION E. Renter; S. 
 29 ; P. 0. Grove Creek ; was born in 
 Illinois in 1852 ; came to this county 
 when about 2 years old, and has been 
 here since. Married Melvina Everhart, 
 
706 
 
 DIRECTORY OF DELAWARE COUMY 
 
 of Pennsylvania, in 1874. Has one 
 
 child — Grace. Republican. 
 Dayton H. farm hand ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Dolley G. far. ; S. 31 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
 Dolley H. fir. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Grove Creek. 
 Douglas S. far. ; S. 23 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Dufoe Oliver, far. ; S. 21 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 ELLIOTT WM. far.; S. 20, P. 0. 
 Uniontown. 
 GARLICK GEORGE, voter;' P.O. 
 LTniontown. 
 Garlick Thos. S. far. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Union- 
 town. 
 Garvin David, far. ; S. 19 ; P. 0. Union- 
 town. 
 Gavitt D. W. far. ; S. 23 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Green C. far. ; S. 17 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
 Griess J. faa'.; S. 19 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
 Guthrie J. renter; S. 29; P. 0. Grove 
 
 HAIGH JAMES; See. 4; P. 0. 
 Hopkinton. 
 
 HICKIIA^ DE:!IAR€LiS L. 
 
 Farmer; Sec. 21; P.O. Hopkinton; 
 was born in Ohio March 2, 1844 ; lived 
 there until he w^as 7 years of age, when 
 he came to Jones Co., Iowa; owns 120 
 acres of land, valued at $3,000. Mar- 
 ried Mary Lambert, of Ohio, in 1874; 
 has one child, named James J. Dem- 
 ocrat. 
 
 Hickmam K. far.; S. 30 : P. 0. Grove 
 Creek. 
 
 HOGO JAMES H. Merchant and 
 Postmaster ; Grove Creek ; was born in 
 this county in 1850. and has made this 
 his home all his life. The father of 
 Mr. Hogg was engaged in the mercantile 
 business for a number of years, the son 
 being in partnership as soon as he was 
 old enough ; last September, the father 
 died, and the son has since carried on 
 the business alone ; has a stock valued 
 at S5,00<t ; intends to start a creamery 
 soon ; has been Postmaster five years. 
 Married Emma Berlin, of Pennsylva- 
 nia, in 1871 ; two children — William 
 W. and Ora E. Democrat. 
 
 Hogan iM. lar.; S. 35 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Hogg Chas. R. clerk for his father ; P. 0. 
 Grove Creek. 
 
 Hogg John M. farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton, 
 
 Holmes Sidney ; S. 23 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Hugh Watson ; S. 9 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 TOHNSON A. R. farmer; Sec. 22 ; P. 
 
 fj 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Jacobs Jos. farmer. 
 
 KAHMER LEWIS, farmer; P. 0. 
 Hopkinton. 
 
 Kahmer R.; S. ■.:2 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Kehoe Patrick ; S. 35 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 KEITH BEX J. Jr. Farmer; Sec. 
 6 ; P. Delhi ; was born in Ohio in 
 1819, and lived there until 1854, when 
 he came to this county ; owns 200 acres 
 of land valued at $6,000. Married 
 Sarah Danford, of Ohio, in 1840 ; has 
 had twelve children, eight of them now 
 living ; Republican ; Methodist. 
 
 Keith Clifford, farmer; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Keith Jno. D. farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Keith J. S.: Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 KEITH PETER S. Farmer ; Sec. 
 
 6 ; P. 0. Delhi ; w;is born in Ptnnsyl- 
 vania in 1834, and lived there until — 
 years of age ; he then removed to Wis- 
 consin and remained there until 1872, 
 when he went to Iowa ; came to this 
 county in 1875. Married Athalia Keith, 
 of Rockford, 111., in 18(i2 ; has six 
 children — Emma, Sherman, Walter, 
 Minnie, Harmon, Nellie. Republican. 
 
 KEITH PETER, Fanner; Sec. 
 
 7 ; P. 0. Delhi ; was born in Ohio in 
 1825, and lived there until 1851 ; then 
 came to this county, and has been here 
 engaged in farming, since that time ; he 
 owns 1(30 acres of land, valued at $4,800. 
 Was married in 1872 to Cihney Webb, 
 of Pennsylvania ; has four children — 
 Francis M., Lewis H., Martin T. and 
 Mary A. Republican. Methodist. 
 
 Keith Robt. far. P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Keith Wm. B. far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Kelly T. far. ; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 King 0. far.; Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 LOVELAND WM. A. renter; P. 0. 
 Grove Creek. 
 Lowe J. far. ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Lyon J. far. ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Grove Creek. 
 "i /f AIN E. farmer ; P. O. Union. 
 
 Main E. S. farmer ; P. 0. Union. 
 Main N. W. far. ; S. 18 ; P. O. Uniontown. 
 Main S. far. ; Sec. 19 ; P. O. Uniontown. 
 Morgan A. far. ; Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Delhi. 
 Morgan Christopher, P. 0. Uniontown. 
 Moulton C. far. ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Union. 
 Moulton Michael, far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Moulton Reuben, far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 /'\RR J. C. farmer; P. 0. Hopkinton 
 
UNION TOWNSHIP. 
 
 TOT 
 
 P 
 
 LACE R. W. far. ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 PERSOX PETER, Farmer; Sec. 
 G ; P. 0. Delhi ; was bora in New Jersey 
 in 184:8. When about 6 years old, 
 moved to Wisconsin, where he remained 
 12 years. From there he went to Iowa, 
 Nebraska and Dakota, remaining from 
 three to six months in each place, and 
 finally settling in Iowa, and has been 
 living in Delaware Co. since. Married 
 Patience Healy, of Iowa, Feb. 14, 1876. 
 One child — Henry C. 
 
 Porter J. far. ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
 
 Porter, T. C. far. ; Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Grove 
 Creek. 
 
 Porter W. B. far. ; Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Union. 
 
 Purkey Andrew, Jr., far. ; Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
 Grove Creek. 
 
 Purkey D. S. farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Purkey Levi, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 RADCLIFF THOS. farmer ; Sec. 11 ; 
 P. 0. Hopkinton, 
 Radcliff W. far. ; S. 11 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Ratliff F. far. ; Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Robinson Henry, farmer; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 Robinson 0. rtr. ; S. 20 ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 SANNER GEORGE, farmer ; S. 8 ; P. 
 0. Uniontown. 
 
 Smith A. G. far. ; S. 18 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
 
 Smith Frank, farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Smith John, far. ; S. 18 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
 
 Smith J. D. far. ; S. 18 ; P. 0. Uniontown. 
 
 Smith J. N. farmer ; P. 0. Hopkinton. 
 
 Squires Salem, far.; S. 28; P. 0. Hop- 
 kinton. 
 
 Stangher C. far.; S. 29; P. 0. Grove 
 Creek. 
 
 Stangher Joseph, far. ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Grove 
 
 THOkPSON I. C. renter; S. 31 ; P. 
 0. Grove Creek. 
 Thompson J. C. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Grove 
 
 WELCH JOHN S. far. ; S. 19 ; P. 0. 
 Uniontown. 
 WEIiCH W. M. Attorney at Law; 
 S. 19 ; P. 0. Uniontown. He was 
 born in Frostburgh, Alleghany Co., Md., 
 
 April 14, 1852, at the age of 9 years. 
 He came with parents to Clayton Co., 
 Iowa, where they remained until Sept., 
 1867, then coming to Union Tp. and 
 settling where they now live. He was 
 educated at the Hopkinton Collegiate 
 Institute, Iowa, and Western College, 
 Linn Co., 111. Mr. Welch was admitted 
 to the bar Sept. 3, 1874, by Hon. David 
 S. Wilson, Judge. Since then he has 
 devoted his time to practicing law in 
 the Summer and teaching in the Winter. 
 He is now teaching in Cofl&n's ^ -"^ 
 where he has taught for four Winiv, 
 terms. Mr. W. took an active part in 
 the county seat fight of 1875 between 
 Manchester and Delhi, working for 
 Manchester, having obtained over 1,000 
 names. 
 
 WINCH W. HENRY, Farmer; S. 
 32 ; P. 0. Grove Creek ; was born in 
 Ohio in 1838, and lived there six years, 
 then came to Iowa, stopping in Dubuque 
 Co. four years ; came to this county in 
 1850, and has been here ever since; 
 married to Mary Bacon, of Ohio, in 
 1863 ; have four children — Clara E., 
 Anna L., Martin H. C, and Jennie W. 
 Owns 150 acres of land, valued at 
 $4,500. Democrat ; Universalist. Mr. 
 W. has held the office of Township 
 Trustee and President of School Board. 
 
 Wheelis W. B. rtr. ; S. 32 ; P. 0. Grove 
 
 Whitaker S. P. far. ; S. 27 ; P. 0. Hop- 
 kinton. 
 Wilson Guy, renter ; S. 29 ; P. 0. Grove 
 
 WIIiSON NICHOIiAS, Farmer; 
 S. 6 ; P. 0. Delhi ; was born in Penn- 
 sylvania in 1820, and lived there until 
 23 years of age. At that time moved 
 to Ogle Co., 111., where he remained six 
 years, then came to this place. Owns 
 390 acres of land, valued at $11,700. 
 Married Jemima Martin, who was from 
 Pennsylvania ; has five children living 
 and two dead. Republican ; Methodist. 
 
 Wragg Peter, farmer. 
 
A. H. Andrews & Co., 
 
 211 & 213 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO, ILL. 
 
 Laegest Manufactueers in the Woeld of 
 
 School, Church, Office & Bank Fittings, 
 
 School Globes (B'el;*''^.), Apparatus, Maps and Charts. 
 • » . 
 
 School Furniture and Apparatus. 
 
 We believe that we 
 
 Andrews' "Triumph" Desk. The best Qffgj. the Ollly SchOOl 
 
 in the world, because Dove- flesk that iS durable, 
 
 tailed together. and which will grow 
 
 strongei' and stronger 
 
 by use and time. 
 
 It is made by dove- 
 tailing the iron into the 
 wood, and the shrink- 
 ing of the wood only 
 tightens the work. 
 
 School Officers will ob- 
 serve (hat we received the 
 highest aivard for the Tri- 
 umph School Desks at the 
 Jfhiladelphia Internation- 
 al Exposition of 1876. 
 
 Church,Hall 
 
 — AND — 
 
 Sunday School Fittings. 
 
 Send for Illustrated Catalogue of 
 
 School, Church aud Office 
 
 FURNITURE, 
 
 Marquetry Flooring, &c. 
 
 No. 613. 
 
 We have very large facilities 
 for the manufacture of 
 
 Chiircli Furpitbre, 
 
 SUCH AS 
 
 Pulpits, Pews, 
 
 Chairs, Settees, &c. 
 
 Sunday School Seats. 
 
 Estimates sent on short notice. 
 
 No. 180. 
 
 Sunday School Settee. Arranged for 
 sweeping or for entering the Pew. 
 
 A reversible seat corresponding accom- 
 panies tlie above to alternate. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 iinii'M I III! I III 11 !iiiiii 
 
 ■III. Mil III III I 111 nil I III III I 
 
 016 093 324