JK 254 .D8 1919 Copy 1 [ON J.Ji. DtJVALL SUPE OF TOT COLUMBIA SCHOOL. FRSSNO CITY (FtnriMrty Principal 3 PQ < H O Freeholders' Charters (Continued) Municipal Corporations or Cities 8. Such charter may provide for Boards of Supervisors, Sheriffs, County Clerks, Treasurers, Record- ers, License Collectors, Tax Collec- tors, Public Administrators, Coron- ers, Surveyors, District Attorneys, Auditors, Assessors and Superin- tendents of Schools, and other necessary officers, either by elec- tion or appointment. 9. For the powers and duties of such officers and their removal and the filling of vacancies, subject to the general law. 10. Los Angeles County is a good ex- ample of a large important County working successfully under the Charter System of Government. 1. The Legislature provides, by general law, for incorporation, organization, and classification, in proportion to population, of cities and towns. What District May Incor- porate Munici- pality Any portion of a County containing not less than five hundred may be incorporated. 1. A petition shall first be presented to the Board of Supervisors of the County, signed by at least fifty qualified electors of the County re- siding within the limits of such proposed corporation. 2. The petition shall particularly de- scribe the proposed boundaries of such corporation, and state the number of inhabitants therein. Procedure in Incorporating" City or Town 3. The petition must be published for two weeks in a newspaper in the County and presented at a regular meeting of the Board of Supervis- ors. 4. The Board of Supervisors hear the petition, determine the number of inhabitants within the proposed municipality and fix and establish the boundaries. 5. Notice is given by the Board of Supervisors as to when the petition will be acted upon. CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 35 Municipal Corporations or Cities (Continued) Procedure in Incorporating' City or Town (Continued) City Charters How Formed and Drafted G. They shall then give notice, pub- lished in a newspaper in such dis- trict for at least two weeks, or posted in four public places there- in, of an election to be held in such proposed corporation or mu- nicipality. 7. The election is to be conducted ac- cording to the general election laws of the State. 8. The first Monday after the elec- tion the Board of Supervisors meet and canvass the vote, and if a ma- jority voted for the incorporation, the Board shall, by order, declare such territory duly incorporated as a municipal incorporation, or City or Town of the class to which the same belongs. 9. The class to which the municipal corporation shall belong is fixed by the general law, based upon the number of inhabitants in the in- corporated district. 1. Any city containing more than three thousand five hundred in- habitants, as shown by last census taken under the authority of Con- gress of the United States or the Legislature of California, may form a charter for its government, subject to the State constitution. 2. Such charter may be amended or new charter adopted. 3. Such charter shall be formed by a Board of fifteen freeholders who have been electors of the city for at least five years, chosen by the city at any general or special elec- tion. 4. An election for freeholders may be called by a two-thirds vote of the legislative body of such city, or on petition of fifteen percentum of the registered electors of such city. 5. The Board of Freeholders shall, within one hundred and twenty days after being declared elected, prepare and propose a charter for the government of such city, unless time be extended for not more than sixty days by legislative body of . city. 36 CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED Municipal Corporations or Cities (Continued) H < H m fa o c City Charters How Formed and Drafted (Continued] Commission Form of Government r 6. The legislative body of the city shall cause the proposed charter to be published and printed and ad- vertise notice that such copies may be had upon application. 7. The charter shall be submitted to the electors of said city at a spe- cial meeting or general election. 8. If ratified by a majority of the qualified votes voting at such elec- tion, it is deemed adopted by them. 9. When ratified, the charter is sub- mitted to the Legislature, which by concurrent resolution may ap- prove or reject the same. 10. If the Legislature approves the charter, it becomes the organic law of such city, subject to the consti- tution of the United States and the State of California. 1. A city may adopt a Commission form of gov- ernment. fl. The Board of Trustees of the City may at any time submit to the elec- tors at any municipal or any special election held for that purpose, an ordinance to divide the administra- tion of the municipality into five departments, and provide for the as- signment of one of its members as head of each department and to be appointed as Commissioner of such department. 2. The ordinance shall define the du- ties, powers and responsibilities of each Commissioner, and may spe- cify the number of hours to be given by him to the duties of the office each business day. 3. If Commission form of government has been adopted by the electors the Board may, by majority vote, sub- ject to the provisions of the ordi- nance and the general law, assign one of its members to the head of each department, and by like vote change such assignment from time to time. 4. The Commission may receive a compensation for such services; the amount of same to be fixed by the ordinance. 5. Sacramento, the seat of our State Capital, is a good example of a city that has adopted the Commission form of government. Method of Adoption Commission Form of Government CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 3T City and County May Adopt Charter 1. Most of the County, and City or Town corporations are separate, or distinct corporations. 2. Where they are separate, or different corporations, there are generally two entirely different sets of officers or officials to transact the public business of the corpora- tion. 3. City and County governments may be consolidated into one municipal government, with one set of officers, and may be incorporated under the general laws providing for corporations for municipal purposes. f 1. Such City and County Corporation may adopt a charter as the fundamental law of its local government. 2. The procedure for the adoption of such charter would be the same as outlined for adoption of City charters. 3. The City and County of San Francisco is a good example of such consolidated municipal corporation. 4. Its principal governing body is a Mayor and a Board of Supervisors, consisting of eighteen members. 5. The Board of Supervisors is the legisla- tive body of the City and County. 6. They have generally the powers and du- ties as given for Boards of Supervisors on page 9 of this book, subject to exten- tions and limitation as contained in the charter, and specifically "to ordain, make and enforce within the limits of the City and County all necessary local police, san- itary and other laws and regulations." ^ 7. They shall appoint from their members a Finance Committee of three members, who shall have power to examine the transactions and accounts of all officers having the collection, custody or disburse- ment of public money, and shall have free access to any records, books and pa- pers in any public office, and examine and report on official bonds of all City and County officers. . The Finance Committee of the Board has power to examine the records and books of account of all persons, companies or corporations that are required to pay a portion of their gross receipts into the treasury of the City and County. . The Board of Supervisors publish a list of the things required, and purchase all goods, merchandise, drugs, and other necessary articles, for hospitals, prisons, public institutions and other departments from the lowest bidder offering adequate security. 38 CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED < H O o Budget System as Outlined in San Francisco Charter 1. By the first Monday in April, each year, the heads of departments, offices, boards and commissions of the City and County must send to the Board of Supervisors a detailed estimate, in writing, of the amount of expenditure required in their respective departments. 2. By the first Monday in May, the Auditor must send to the Supervisors an estimate in detail of the probable expenditures of the City and County for the next ensuing fiscal year, covering interest and sinking fund on outstanding funded debts, and all the wants of each department of the mu- nicipal government. 3. The Auditor must also give an estimate of the amount of income from fines, li- censes and other sources of revenue, ex- clusive of taxes on property, and the prob- able amount required to be raised by tax- ation. 4. The Supervisors shall meet annually be- tween the first Monday in May and the first Monday in June and by majority vote of all the members make a budget in detail of the amounts estimated to be re- quired to pay the expenses of conducting the public business of the City and County for the next ensuing fiscal year. 5. Before finally fixing the budget, the Supervisors must fix time when taxpay- ers shall be heard in regard thereto. 6. The Mayor may veto the budget in whole, or in part, within ten days, and if so vetoed, it requires the votes of fifteen Supervisors to overcome it. 7. After final estimate or budget is made and signed by the Mayor and Clerk of the Board of Supervisors, the several sums as therein stated shall then be appropriated for the ensuing year for the purposes and departments therein named. 9. The Supervisors must cause to be raised annually, according to law, and collected by tax, the amounts so appropriated in the budget, less the amounts received from fines, licenses and other sources of rev- enue. CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 31) fa o 00 £~ ffl£' C 1. The Board of Supervisors shall divide each County into townships as public convenience may require, provided that in the establishing of townships no incorporated city is to be divided so as to put a part in one township and part in another. 1. The officers of a Township are Justices of the Peace, Constable, and such subordi- nate officers as are provided by law. 2. The officers of the Township are elected at the general election at which the Gov- ernor is elected. 3. Where County has formed and adopted a charter for its government, and the char- ter has been approved by the Legislature, which provides for the appointment of such officers, they may then be appointed according to the provisions of such char- ter. Officers of Townships O KM W A large part of the public business of the State of California is conducted through Commissioners appointed by the Governor for that purpose. The following are a few of the most impor- tant Commissions: Number of members ( Five. How and when appointed ( By the Governor Term of office ( Six years. I U o b 8 II ss Cm eg " 1. Must file Declaration of Intention, or "first papers." 2. File a Certificate of Arrival in this country. 3. File a petition for naturalization, or "second papers." . 4. Appear before the judge for final hearing. 1. This is the declaration of the party that they intend to become a citizen and can be made at any time after arrival in this country by an alien eighteen or more years of age. 2. No witnesses are necessary for this declaration or "first paper." 3. The alien does not have to speak English to get this paper. 4. These papers may be taken out at the office of the Clerk of the United States District Court and the . Superior Courts. This certificate must be secured, and may be secured free of charge from the Bureau of Naturalization, Washington, D. C. 1. This is the petition or application of the alien asking the court to make him a citizen. 2. This petition, or "second paper," can not be taken out until the applicant has been a resident of the United States at least five years. 3. The applicant must have two witnesses, who are native-born or naturalized, who must state that they have known him for five years, and that he is of good moral character and qualified to become a citizen of the United States, or if in the State less than five years, may have written statement of two like wit- nesses who have known him for five years and two witnesses who have known him for at least one year in the State. 4. The witnesses must appear before the court and be examined. 5. After the witnesses are examined, the Clerk of the Court makes out the petition, which the petitioner or applicant must sign. CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 61 II eg • »* i a m bt • 5 A rr" 1 03 "1. The applicant will be asked questions on the govern- ment of the United States, the State of California and some on city or county government. 2. He must show that he understands and is able to exercise the duties of citizenship. 3. Must understand the English language. 1. At the final hearing applicant must appear with two witnesses. He will be examined by or before the judge and if accepted will be required to take the oath of allegiance. This oath is: "I hereby declare on oath that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidel- ity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sover- eignty, and particularly to (name of sovereign of country from which he comes), of whom I have here- tofore been a subject; that I will support and defend the constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic, and that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same." 2. The petitioner will then be given his final Certificate of Naturalization, and he and his wife, and children under twenty-one years of age, will be citizens of the United States. 1. No tax should be levied without the au- thority of a great council summoned by the king. 2. All freemen were allowed to go out of the country and return to it at pleasure. 3. A man might dispose of his property by will in such manner as he saw fit. 4. The king's officers were prohibited from taking a man's property without his con- sent. PROVISIONS OF MAGNA CHARTA 5. Courts of justice were to remain in known and fixed places. 6. Courts of justice were open to every one without fear or favor. 7. No one was to be put on trial from mere rumor or suspicion, but only upon the evi- dence of lawful witnesses. 8. Excessive fines were forbidden. 9. No person should be convicted of any crime except by a lawful jury of his peers. 10. Merchants were to be allowed to carry on their business without being subject to ar- bitrary licenses and tolls imposed by the king. 62 CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE CABINET^ Arranged in the order of succession for the Presidency as declared by- Act of Congress. PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON VICE-PRESIDENT THOMAS RILEY MARSHALL THE CABINET Secretary of State Robert Lansing Secretary of Treasury Carter Glass Secretary of War Newton Diehl Baker Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer Postmaster General Albert Sidney Burleson Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels Secretary of Interior Franklin Knight Lane Secretary of Agriculture Daniel Franklin Houston Secretary of Commerce William C. Redfield Secretary of Labor William B. Wilson UNITED STATES SENATORS FROM CALIFORNIA James D. Phelan Hiram W. Johnson THE GOVERNOR OF CALIFORNIA AND PRINCIPAL STATE OFFICERS GOVERNOR WILLIAM D. STEPHENS LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR C. C. YOUNG STATE OFFICERS Secretary of State Frank C. Jordan Controller John S. Chambers Treasurer Friend William Richardson Attorney General U. S. Webb Surveyor General W. S. Kingsbury Superintendent of State Printing Robert L. Telfer Superintendent of Public Instruction Will C. Wood CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 63 TEST QUESTIONS 1. How are standing committees in either house of the State Leg- islature chosen? In the House of Representatives? In the U. S. Senate ? 2. In what way does the organization of the House of Represen- tatives differ from that of the Senate? The Assembly from the Senate? 3. How are vacancies in either house of the State Legislature filled ? In the House of Representatives ? In the U. S. Senate ? 4. What special privileges do members of the Legislature enjoy? Members of Congress? 5. What is meant by quorum? What number is required to make a quorum in the State Legislature ? In Congress ? 6. When does the Legislature meet? How long may it remain in session? 7. What is the penalty for impeachment ? 8. When and how was the U. S. Constitution framed ? When and how adopted? 9. What is the supreme law of the land? 10. What principle of government does the U. S. Senate represent? The House of Representatives? 11. What length of time constitutes a Congress? 12. Who may vote for a member of the House of Representatives ? 13. Name and explain the use of the two most important standing committees in the House of Representatives. 14. How may the committee on appropriations practically control the House? 15. What is meant by the "long" session of Congress ? The "short" session of Congress? "Special" session of Congress? 16. Where must all revenue bills originate? 17. Explain how the government usually borrows money. 18. Locate the U. S. Mints. 19. Explain the difference between the form of government of a territory and that of a state. 20. State the purpose of the civil service system and explain its workings. 21. State two ways of acquiring citizenship in the United States. 22. A man born of French citizens permanently residing in the U. S., is a citizen of what country? 64 CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 23. Explain what is meant by each of the following: 1. Letters of Marque and Reprisal. 8. Coining Money. 2. Legal Tender. 10. Free Coinage. 3. Copyright. 11. Piracy. 4. Patent. 12. Treason. 5. Expatriation. 13. Suffrage. 6. Unconstitutional Legislation. 14. Habeas Corpus. 7. Bill of Attainder. 15. Eminent Domain. 8. Ex-Post Facto Law. 16. Journal. 24. What is the highest privilege of citizenship? 25. Which confers the right of suffrage, the State -or the Nation ? 26. Explain the difference between a plurality and a majority? 27. Who pays the taxes in California? 28. Name the chief personal rights guaranteed by the U. S. Con- stitution. 29. Explain the process of naturalization. 30. What is meant by government? 31. What powers are reserved to the states? 32. What constitutes the State Board of Equalization? 33. By whom or what body was the Constitution of California framed? By whom or what body was it adopted? 34. What is the only limitation now existing upon the power of amendment to the U. S. Constitution? 35. What restrictions are laid upon either house of Congress re- specting adjournment ? 36. Name one condition which the Constitution of California de- clares shall not be imposed as a qualification for voting? 37. By whom or what body is the State tax rate determined? 38. How is the number of presidential electors determined? 39. Cite an instance in which the Government exercises the right of eminent domain through a corporation. 40. When and where does the Supreme Court of the U. S. meet? 41. Name two cases in which the Supreme Court of the U. S. has original jurisdiction. 42. Name two cases in which the Supreme Court of the U. S. has appellate jurisdiction. 43. What persons are subject to service in the State militia? 44. What is meant by delinquent taxes? 45. What is the difference between a standing and a special com- mittee ? 46. How is the number of Representatives in Congress from each State determined? 47. Name three powers essential to an independent self-existence of the government. 48. What is the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act? 49. In what way does a bankrupt law benefit a creditor ? A debtor ? 50. Name one place in the United States in which the citizens have no vote. CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 65 TEST QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTITUTION OF CALIFORNIA 1. When may the writ of habeas corpus be suspended? 2. When is involuntary servitude allowed in California? 3. When may a search warrant be issued? 4. Name five classes of persons expressly denied the right of suf- frage in California. 5. When must the yeas and nays be entered on the journal? 6. Name five cases in which local and special legislation is pro- hibited. 7. How is the Governor chosen in case of a tie vote? 8. What is the purpose of the Governor's message? 9. What limitation is placed on the Governor's power of pardon? 10. When may the salary of a superior judge be withheld? 11. From what sources is the State school fund derived? 12. What limitation is placed on the use of the State school money ? 13. Who constitute the State board of prison directors? 14. What restrictions are placed on the creation of a new county? 15. What is meant by common carriers? 16. What is the duty of the railroad commissioners ? 17. What limitation is placed on the creation of State debts ? 18. How is the State Constitution amended? 19. What restriction is placed on corporations in the employment of labor? 20. What restriction is placed on the employment of laborers on public work? 21. How may the capital of the State be changed? 22. What is the penalty for dueling in California? 23. What constitutes a legal day's work on all public work? QQ CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED INDEX Page Accident Commission, Iudustrial 42 Admission of a Territory into Union as a State _ 51 Agriculture, Secretary of 58 Americanization 60-61 Amendemnts to U. S. Constitution _... 51 Attorney, District _ 10 Attorney General 25, 55 Board of Control, State 40 Board of Equalization, State „ _ 46 Boards of School Trustees .., 9 Boards of Supervisors 9 Budget System in City and County 38 Cabinet, President's _ 54 California Courts 29 California Legislature _ _ 20 City Charters _ 35-36 City and County Form of Government Combined 37 City and County May Adopt Charter 37 City or Town May Incorporate 34 Commerce, Secretary of 58 Commissions 39 Commission Form of Government _ 36 Commission, Railroad 39-40 Congress, Powers Expressly Granted to _ 48 Congress, Powers Expressly Denied to 48 Control, State Board of _ 40-41 Counties 33 County Assessor - 12 County Auditor 13 County Clerk 10 County Commission of Horticulture 17 County Coroner - 17 County Farm Advisor 19 County Librarian - 15 County Live Stock Inspector 18 County Probation Officer IS County Purchasing Agent 16 County Recorder 12 County Sealer of Weights and Measures 16 County Superintendent of Schools _ _ 11 County Surveyor 14 County Tax Collector 13 County Treasurer - 13 Courts, Federal 54 Education, State Board of - 27 Election, President and Vice-President _ 53 Farm Advisor, County - 19 Fish and Game Commission _ Freeholders' Charters for County ~ 33-34 Governor — -2 Governor, Lieutenant 23 Health, State Board of _ 43 Highway Commission, California 44 CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 67 INDEX— Continued Page Horticulture, County Commissioner 17 Incorporating City or Town 34-35 Industrial Accident Commission 42 Initiative, Referendum and Recall 31-32 Interior, Secretary of 57 Labor, Secretary of 57 Law-making, Process of 21 Legislature, California 20 Librarian, County IS Lieutenant Governor 23 Live Stock Inspector, County 18 Navy, Secretary of 56 Persons Denied Right of Suffrage in California _ 30 Political Subdivisions of State 33-39 Postmaster General 56 Powers Expressly Denied to Congress 48 Powers Expressly Granted to Congress 48 Powers Expressly Prohibited to States 49 President 52 President, Vice 53 President's Cabinet 54 Probation Officer, County 15 Process of Law-making _ 21 Public Administrator 14 Public Instruction, Superintendent of 26 Purchasing Agent, County 16 Qualifications of an Elector 30 Railroad Commission 39-40 Recall 32 Recorder, County 12 Referendum 31 Representatives, House of 47 Rights Guaranteed to a Person Charged with a Crime 50 Sealer of Weights and Measures, County 16 Senate 47 Schools, Superintendent of 11 School Trustees, Boards of 8 State Board of Control 40-41 State Board of Equalization 46 State Board of Health 43 State, Secretary of 23, 54 State Treasurer 24 Supervisors, Boards of 9 Surveyor, County 14 Surveyor General 28 Taxes _ 14 Tax Collector, County _ 13 Treasurer, County 13 Treasurer, State 24 Treasury, Secretary of 55 Townships 39 Vice-President 53 War, Secretary of 55 IBfe LIBRARY OF CONGRESS mil 021 051 455 7