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 CYPB A E \VC S LL V ! DUB?.ESI ,' O ^/w T LiUDCRDM.; 
 
 ■'■;. ; - * / # #"V 
 
FEENANDI1TA, PLOEIDA. 
 
 This first-class House has been remodeled, refurnished, and put in complete 
 order for the winter travel. 
 
 This House has 50 Rooms, many of them of extra size ; 500 feet Piazza ; splendid 
 Flower Garden ; 50 varieties of the Rose ; with Oranges, Lemons, Bananas, Figs. 
 Pomegranates, Strawberries and other Fruits. 
 
 J0Sf*Table Supplied with all the delicacies of the season. 
 
 JOHN M. PAYNE, Proprietor. 
 
 IN FLORIDA, 
 
 On the East Bank of St. John's River, six miles above Jacksonville. House new ; 
 12 rooms ; well finished inside and out. Title perfect. Possession given at any time. 
 For full description, with view of house, address 
 
 A. F. STYLES, Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 STERBOSOOPIO VIEWS 
 
 OF 
 
 SC1SN-SS X3VT 3E" XLi O IE*. 133 -A. , 
 
 For Sale by C, Drew, Masonic Building, Jacksonville ; R. H. Gordon, St. Augustine ; 
 and on the River Steamers. 
 
 GENERAL RAILROAD TICKET OFFICE, 
 
 INF'ORMA.TIOISr 
 
 With reference to the running of Railroads to and from SAVANNAH, will 
 be cheerfully furnished at the General Ticket Agency of Robert R. Bren, 
 at the corner of Bull and Broughton Streets. 
 
 Mr. Bren will keep a Visitors' Register, to fill the place of a General Directory. 
 Persons desiring to obtain the whereabouts of their triends can do so by referring to 
 this Book. 
 

 
 GWIME T@ FLQMM9* 9 
 
 "T4t£ im® Or flOW£|*S," 
 
 CONTAINING AH 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH, GEOGRAPHICAL, AGRICULTURAL AND 
 
 CLIMATIC STATISTICS, ROUTES OF TRAVEL BY LAND 
 
 AND SEA, AND GENERAL INFORMATION 
 
 INVALUABLE TO THE 
 
 Jnactlii, (iiottrist or Emigrant. 
 
 "4, u 
 
 Entered according: to Act of Congress by R. S Gardiner, in the office 
 of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 Jtefo fork: 
 
 CUSHRCG, BARDCJA k. CO, Pbixtkks, 044 «b «4« Broads*. 
 
0&\ 
 

 p 
 
 UIDE TO ^FLORIDA. 
 
 Five years after Christopher Columbus first saw land in 
 the New World, another navigator, Sebastian Cabot, sailing 
 under the English flag, discovered the coast of Florida. 
 This was in 1497. It was not until the spring of 15 12 
 that the Europeans made a permanent landing. A veteran 
 cavalier of Spain, Juan Ponce de Leon, impelled by a 
 romantic fancy that in the West there existed a fountain 
 whose waters restored the aged to perpetual youth, raised 
 an expedition of enthusiasts like himself and set sail on 
 this wondrous voyage of discovery. He saw the coast for 
 the first time on Easter Sunday, in April, 15 12, which day 
 the Spaniards call Pasqua Florida, and because the 
 charming country spread before him was fairly radiant 
 with wild flowers, he gave it the beautiful name of Florida. 
 This landing was made near the site of the present city of 
 St. Augustine 
 
 The cavalier's search for the immortal spring was 
 fruitless. The Indians harassed and picked off his band 
 with poisoned arrows, and he was finally forced to quit 
 the country. He carried with him to Cuba a mortal 
 wound which caused his death soon after his arrival there. 
 A dozen years later Spain again attempted to colonize the 
 peninsula. Narvaez was appointed Governor and landed 
 
4 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 with three hundred men. He made no attempt at settle- 
 ment however, but wandered off on an exploring expedi- 
 tion, and after many hardships, finally reached the far off 
 country of the Mexicans. The illustrious Ferdinand de 
 Soto, the discoverer of the Mississippi river, followed him 
 to Florida. He landed in Tampa Bay with a thousand 
 followers, in the spring of 1539. His march through the 
 interior was disputed at every step by the aborigines, and 
 his little army was so decimated by war, fatigue and sick- 
 ness, that when his own body was committed to the bosom 
 of the " Father of Waters" two years later, but a third of 
 them survived. 
 
 The first actual settlement of Florida was made oy the 
 French Huguenots who, under Jean Ribault, attempted to 
 plant a colony at the mouth of the St. Johns River in 
 1564. This roused the ire of the Spaniards, who claimed 
 the country as their own, and an expedition was sent out 
 under the command of Don Pedro Menendez to extermi- 
 nate the Frenchmen. The Don did his bloody Work 
 effectually. The little French city was taken by surprise, 
 and all of its inhabitants were massacred. Above their 
 bodies, which he had suspended from the trees, Menendez 
 left this inscription : " Not because they are Frenchmen, 
 but because they are heretics and enemies of God." . But 
 vengeance on the cruel Castilians was swift. Three years 
 later an expedition under De Gourgues, a Huguenot gen- 
 tleman, set sail from France, and landing at St. Augustine, 
 which the Spaniards had just built, attacked and took it 
 after a severe battle. A portion of the garrison were 
 taken to the site of the ruined French settlement on the 
 St. Johns, and there hung to the same trees, with this 
 inscription over their heads: "Not because they are 
 Spaniards, but because they are traitors, robbers and mur- 
 derers." 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 5 
 
 It was in 1565 that Menendez founded the city of 
 St. Augustine, the oldest within the present limits of 
 the United States. From this foothold colonies were sent 
 out along the coast and into the interior of the province, 
 and for an hundred years ot more Florida was a growing 
 and thriving Spanish colony. The Indians were almost 
 uniformly hostile, but the superior civilization prevailed 
 over them. Many vestiges of the early Spanish settle- 
 ments in the State remain to show what the country was at 
 this nourishing era of its history. The period of its deca- 
 dence was at the conclusion of the great Continental war 
 of 1753-60, when it passed from Spain into the possession 
 of Great Britain. In the meantime it had been the scene 
 of many conflicts. The English, under Sir Francis Drake, 
 attacked and plundered St. Augustine in 1586. It was 
 pillaged by the Indians in 161 1, and. sacked by the Buc- 
 caneers in 1665. Governor Moore, of South Carolina, 
 raided into the colony in 1702, and unsuccessful attempts 
 were made by the Georgians in 1725, 1740 and 1743 to 
 capture and destroy St. Augustine. 
 
 In 1763 Spain ceded the whole territory of Florida to 
 Great Britain. So greatly had its prosperity declined that 
 its population did not exceed 600. In 1781, the Spaniards 
 captured Pensacola, and three years later, by virtue of the 
 treaty of 1 784, they resumed jurisdiction over the country. 
 During the last war with Great Britain the English troops 
 under Col. Nichols occupied Pensacola, but General Jack- 
 son appearing before the town, they decamped to their 
 fleet. Jackson, while fighting the Indians in 181 8, was so 
 affronted by the conduct of the Spanish governor that he 
 took possession of Pensacola and sent the Spanish prison- 
 ers to Havana. 
 
 The Spanish government recognized "manifest destiny" 
 in 1 819, and consented to the cession of the entire terri- 
 
6 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 tory of Florida to the United States. The exchange of 
 flags took place in 1821, a territorial government was 
 established in 1822, and Florida was admitted as a State 
 into the Union in 1845. 
 
 From the time of the cession down almost to our own 
 day, there have raged those desolating Indian wars which 
 reddened the border settlements with the blood of white 
 men, women and children, and made the Everglades re- 
 sound with the dying whoop of the hunted Seminole. The 
 story of the valor of Coa-cou-chee, of Osceola, and of 
 Little Cloud, fighting the last battles of their race for the 
 hunting grounds of their ancestors, has passed into poetry 
 and romance. 
 
 Florida, like her sister Southern States, was a battle- 
 ground between North and South in the late civil war. 
 After the passage of the ordinance of secession in 1861, 
 Fort Pickens in Pensacola harbor, was invested by the Con- 
 federate troops, and the Navy Yard was occupied. Fer- 
 nandina and St. Augustine were captured by Admiral 
 Dupont's fleet in 1862. The following month the United 
 States forces occupied Jacksonville, and the Confederate 
 authorities abandoned nearly the whole of Northern and 
 Western Florida, including Pensacola, and withdrew their 
 army into Georgia. The year 1864 was characterized by 
 raids on both sides. General Birney penetrated to Trent 
 Creek, and the Confederate salt works at Ocala were de- 
 stroyed. In February of this year General Trueman Sey- 
 mour marched westward with a large body of United 
 States troops, and at Olustee was disastrously defeated by 
 the Confederate army under General Joseph Finegan. 
 He retreated with a loss of 1200 men, leaving his dead 
 and wounded on the field ; and during the remaining 
 months of the war the Federals were on the defensive. 
 
 After the surrender of General Lee, at Appomattox, 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 7 
 
 Virginia, the people of Florida abandoned further re- 
 sistance, and the State was duly reconstructed by Con- 
 gress. 
 
 The State of Florida extends from the parallel of 31 ° 
 North latitude to 25 ° North latitude, and lies within 8o° 
 and 88° West longitude from Greenwich. It is in the 
 same latitude with the Desert of Sahara, Southern China 
 and Northern Mexico, but its comparative degree of heat 
 is not accurately indicated by its latitude, for it is isother- 
 mal with the Bermudas, Egypt, Northern Hindostan, 
 Southern California and Louisiana. Moreover, lying 
 between the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf Stream, its main 
 portion is fanned by ocean breezes which materially modify 
 the temperature. 
 
 The shape of the State has been likened to that of a 
 boot; the foot part being Northern Florida, and the leg 
 being the peninsula. The first extends about 350 miles 
 from East to West, and the peninsula 400 miles from North 
 to South, and ninety miles, on the average, from East to 
 West. The Gulf Stream skirts the Eastern coast about 
 300 miles. The State contains 59,868 square miles, or 
 37,931,520 acres, and is therefore a little larger than 
 Georgia, Illinois or Michigan, and almost as large as the 
 New England States or the united kingdoms of Portugal, 
 Belgium and the Netherlands. The extent of her coast 
 line is rather extraordinary. It is not less than 1 , 100 miles ; 
 a distance nearly equal to that from Portland, Maine, to 
 Jacksonville, Florida, in a straight line. 
 
 The surface of the eastern section of the State is gener- 
 ally level. In Western Florida it is rolling or hilly. The 
 
8 GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 
 
 extreme southern part is covered with swamps. The coast 
 is indented with thousands of bays and inlets formed by 
 the jutting of the land, and by innumerable islands. The 
 principal rivers are the Apalachicola, which has its source 
 in the mountains of Upper Georgia ; the beautiful Suwanee^ 
 in Middle Florida ; the Withlacoochee, the Ocklawha and 
 the Indian River, in Southern Florida. The great stream 
 of the State, however, is the magnificent St. Johns, which 
 rises in the Everglades, and. winds northward a distance of 
 four hundred miles until it empties into the Atlantic Ocean 
 below Jacksonville. 
 
 The peninsula is filled with beautiful lakes, some of them 
 being navigable for large steamers, and one of them, Lake 
 Okeechobee, in the Everglades, being fully forty miles 
 long and thirty miles wide. The lake scenery, in the 
 neighborhood of the upper waters of the St. John, is un- 
 surpassed in loveliness. Several of the larger bays on the 
 coast deserve notice. Tampa Bay, Apalachee Bay and Pen- 
 sacola Bay, are broad and deep enough to float navies. 
 The State abounds in remarkable mineral springs. The 
 Wakulla River rises about ten miles northwest of St. Marks 
 from one of them. The water is moderately cold and 
 highly impregnated with lime. From the big spring of 
 Chipola bursts a furious river ; Silver Spring, in Marion 
 County, is a basin of surpassingly clear and deep water. 
 The Sulphur Springs of. the Suwanee are a curiosity, and 
 enjoy a local reputation for curing rheumatism, dyspepsia 
 and other kindred diseases. Springs of salt water are 
 not uncommon in the interior. 
 
 Scientists say that the geological formation of Florida is 
 of comparatively recent origin. The opinion of one of 
 them, relative to the peninsula, is expressed in this lan- 
 guage : "The whole peninsula has been formed by the 
 successive growth of coral reefs added concentrically from 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 North to South to the first deposits, while the accumula- 
 tion between these reefs has been a mixture of coral and 
 fragments of shells, the coral prevailing in some parts, as 
 in the regions of the Everglades, and in other portions, 
 specially the Northern and Eastern, the shell. ' ' Agassiz 
 assumes, of the lower half of the peninsula, "that if the 
 growth be one foot in a century from a depth of seventy- 
 five feet, and that each successive reef has added ten miles 
 of extent southward, it would have required, on this com- 
 putation, 135,000 years to have formed the southern half 
 of the peninsula." The upper part of Florida is, of course, 
 much older. 
 
 Aiixmni' I rcc 
 
 fr 
 
 
 
io GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 Florida undoubtedly possesses the most equable and 
 salubrious climate, all the year round, of any State in the 
 Union. The thermometer seldom rises above 90 in the 
 summer, nor falls below 30 in the winter. The summer 
 may be said to be seven months long, but the heat is not 
 intense. This is attributable in a great degree to the 
 circumstance that the peninsula is fanned on the East by 
 the Atlantic breezes, and on the West by those of the 
 Gulf of Mexico, both of which can be sensibly felt in the 
 middle of the State. 
 
 The winter in Florida resembles very much the season 
 known in more northern latitudes as the " Indian Summer. ' ' 
 The climate of Florida, however, has the additional ad- 
 vantage of being more dry and elastic. Rain falls rarely 
 during the winter months. Five out of six days are bright 
 and cloudless, and of the most agreeable temperature. In 
 Southern Florida frost very rarely appears. Even as far 
 north as the Suwanee River there are generally but two or 
 three nights in a whole winter when ice as thick as a half 
 dollar is found. A consequence of the evenness of the 
 temperature is the very delightful salubrity of the nights 
 in the sultriest season of the year, by which the body is 
 refreshed, the sleep rendered sound, and the natural facul- 
 ties are restored to vigor. 
 
 The following tables show the range of the thermometer 
 throughout the year in Florida, and the evenness of the 
 temperature as compared with that of given points in the 
 Northern States. 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. u 
 
 Observations made at Jacksonville for five years, from 
 1857 to 1 86 1, both inclusive, showing the highest and 
 lowest range of the Thermometer each month. The 
 figures are the mean of three daily observations : 
 
 
 1857. 
 
 1858. 
 
 1859. 
 
 1860. 
 
 1861. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H. 
 
 L. 
 
 H. 
 
 L. 
 
 H. 
 
 L. 
 
 H. 
 
 L. 
 
 H. 
 
 L. 
 
 January 
 
 72 
 
 16 
 
 76 
 
 38 
 
 76 
 
 30 
 
 76 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 February. . . 
 
 81 
 
 44 
 
 77 
 
 39 
 
 79 
 
 39 
 
 79 
 
 44 
 
 75 
 
 42 
 
 March 
 
 85 
 
 41 
 
 83 
 
 34 
 
 84 
 
 45 
 
 83 
 
 40 
 
 83 
 
 43 
 
 April 
 
 81 
 
 47 
 
 86 
 
 49 
 
 89 
 
 53 
 
 92 
 
 58 
 
 85 
 
 54 
 
 May 
 
 91 
 
 61 
 
 91 
 
 66 
 
 92 
 
 64 
 
 92 
 
 58 
 
 94 
 
 64 
 
 June 
 
 91 
 
 73 
 
 92 
 
 73 
 
 94 
 
 70 
 
 97 
 
 69 
 
 98 
 
 73 
 
 July 
 
 89 
 
 68 
 
 96 
 
 74 
 
 95 
 
 70 
 
 98 
 
 74 
 
 92 
 
 70 
 
 August. ... 
 
 95 
 
 75 
 
 94 
 
 75 
 
 91 
 
 75 
 
 93 
 
 73 
 
 91 
 
 73 
 
 September. 
 
 92 
 
 64 
 
 86 
 
 64 
 
 92 
 
 70 
 
 89 
 
 65 
 
 92 
 
 58 
 
 October 
 
 81 
 
 42 
 
 85 
 
 62 
 
 84 
 
 50 
 
 87 
 
 53 
 
 86 
 
 57 
 
 November.. 
 
 82 
 
 27 
 
 79 
 
 39 1 79 
 
 35 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 79 
 
 45 
 
 December.. 
 
 80 
 
 39 
 
 78 
 
 40 j 79 
 
 36 
 
 72 
 
 32 
 
 74 
 
 38 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Ice one to two in- 
 ches thick, Jan. 
 19th and 20th, 1857. 
 
 At 7 A. M., Nov. 
 25, 1860, the Ther- 
 mometer stood at 
 25 deg. 
 
 It is proper to observe that there is a marked difference 
 in the theometric range at Enterprise, two hundred miles 
 south of Jacksonville, the temperature being much more 
 even. 
 
 The following is a comparative table, showing the monthly 
 and yearly mean of twenty years at St. Augustine, of 
 thirty -one years at West Point, and of thirty-five years 
 at Tort Snelling, Minn. : 
 
 Augustine, 
 Fla . . . 
 
 West Point, 
 N. Y. . 
 
 Ft. Snelling, 
 Minn. . 
 
 Jan 
 
 57.03 
 
 Feb. 
 
 59.94 
 
 28.80 
 
 Mar. 
 
 63.34 
 
 37.63 
 
 Apl, 
 
 68.78 
 
 48.70 
 
 May Jun 
 
 73.50 
 
 59.82 
 
 79.36 
 
 68.41 
 
 July 
 
 80.90 
 
 73.75 
 
 13.76 17.57 31.41 56.34 58.97 68.46 73.40 70.05 58.86 47.15 31.67 16.89 46.54 
 
 Aug 
 
 80.56 
 
 71.83 
 
 Sep. 
 
 78.60 
 
 64.31 
 
 Oct, 
 
 71.8864.12 
 
 53.04 
 
 Nov 
 
 42.23 
 
 Dec. 
 
 57.26 69.61 
 
 31.98 50.73 
 
12 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 
 
 In Florida an extraordinary variety of valuable produc- 
 tions are successfully cultivated. Lying as it does partly 
 within the temperate zone and partly within the semi- 
 tropical regions, within its limits may be seen flourishing 
 most of the vegetation familiar to the soil of the Middle 
 and Western States, together with the fruits of the West 
 Indies. At least one-fourth of the entire area of the State 
 is south of the line of frost, and will grow successfully the 
 orange, the lemon, the citron, the grape fruit, the banana, 
 the pine-apple, and the cocoa-nut. Most of the tropical 
 trees and shrubs grow spontaneously. Tobacco, sugar and 
 hemp have been cultivated to some extent, and can be 
 made very valuable productions if systematically treated. 
 The yield of sugar is much more to the acre than in Louis- 
 iana. Cotton has hitherto been the leading staple. In- 
 dian corn has been largely raised, but not in sufficient 
 quantities to supply the home demand. Within a few 
 years the raising of early vegetables for the Northern trade 
 has been commenced, with great success, on the St. Johns 
 River, and along the railroads. Among the vegetables 
 which are readily grown and bring remunerative prices, 
 are tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, green peas, beans, cab- 
 bages, turnips, beets, squashes, onions, asparagus, and 
 sweet and Irish potatoes. Wheat has been partially culti- 
 vated in the northern part of the State. The Ramie plant 
 has just been introduced, and it is believed will become 
 an important staple. Arrowroot, indigo, the castor bean, 
 can be raised without difficulty. The large growth of the 
 Mulberry renders the conditions favorable to the produc- 
 tion of the silk worm. There is no reason why tea and 
 coffee cannot be cultivated, as the climate and soil are 
 especially adapted to the purpose. Of the fruits other 
 than tropical, the peach, grape, fig, pomegranate and plum 
 are produced. Berries grow profusely. 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 13 
 
 Florida is the best timbered State in the Union. Over 
 30,000,000 of acres are covered with heavy forests. The 
 business of cutting and shipping lumber is large and in- 
 creasing. Florida also exports naval stores, and at Key 
 West there are extensive salt works. Further remarks on 
 the soil and productiveness of the State will be found in 
 the paragraphs devoted to the advantages of Florida for 
 immigrants. 
 
 _ o~#-o- 
 
 F@PWM,®T£QW a 8QC1M &W& JPOLiriG*Z 
 
 According to the census of 1870 the population of Flor- 
 ida aggregates 187,748; of which 96,057 are whites and 
 91,689 blacks. This shows a proportion of a fraction over 
 three inhabitants to the square mile; a density about 
 equal to that of the States of Kansas and Texas. The 
 population of the State in i860 was 140,123, so that in 
 spite of the ravages caused by the civil war, the increase 
 in ten years has been 47,625, or thirty-four per cent. 
 
 The leading cities and towns in the State are Jackson- 
 ville with a population of 13,000, Fernandina with 2,500, 
 Tallahassee with 2,500, St. Augustine with 3,500, Lake 
 City with 2,000, Pensacola with 2,000, Gainesville with 
 1,500, Key West with 5,000; Palatka with 1,000, Quincy 
 with 800, and Apalachicola with 1,000. 
 
 The seat of government is at Tallahassee. The new 
 constitution, adopted by the people and approved by 
 Congress in 1868, vests the executive power in a Gover- 
 nor, who is elected for four years. He is assisted in his 
 deliberations by a Cabinet, composed of the principal 
 officers in the State, viz : the Secretary of State, the 
 Attorney-General, the Comptroller, the State Treasurer, 
 the Surveyor - General, the Superintendent of Instruc- 
 
14 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 tion and the Commissioner of Immigration. This is a 
 novel feature in the framework of a State government, but 
 was suggested by the success of the arrangement in the 
 Federal system. The legislative power is vested in a 
 Senate and Assembly. The former consists of twenty- 
 four members, elected for four years; the latter of fifty - 
 three members, elected for two years. The judicial pow- 
 er is vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County 
 Courts and Justices of the Peace. The Judges of the Su- 
 preme Court are appointed for life, of the Circuit Courts 
 for eight years, and of the County Courts for four years. 
 The election for State and County Officers and Members 
 of the Legislature takes place the first Tuesday after the 
 first Monday in November. Annual Sessions of the Legis- 
 lature are held, beginning on the first Tuesday after the 
 first Monday in January. 
 
 The present State government (1871-2) is as follows: 
 
 Governor, - - - Harrison Reed. 
 
 Lieutenant-Governor, - Samuel T. Day. 
 
 Secretary of State, - - Jonathan C. Gibbs. 
 
 Comptroller, - - Robert H. Gamble. 
 
 Treasurer, - -• - S. B. Conover. 
 
 Attorney-General, - J. B. C. Drew. 
 
 Commissioner of Immi- 
 
 . J. S. Adams. 
 gration, j J 
 
 Superintendent of Public 1 Charl£s Beecher _ 
 
 Instruction, - j 
 
 At the last political election in the State (1870) the 
 vote was as follows: Republican, 12,439; Democratic, 
 11,810; Republican majority, 629. The Republicans 
 elected one majority in the State Senate and three ma- 
 jority in the House of Representatives. 
 
 Florida, though one of the first-settled countries on this 
 continent, has really all the characteristics of a new State. 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 15 
 
 Its scanty population has been scattered over a territory 
 of nearly 60,000 square miles, and has heretofore been en- 
 gaged almost wholly in agriculture. The social conveni- 
 ences and advantages enjoyed in the thickly-settled States 
 further North must not, therefore, be expected here. But 
 immigration is pouring in and the State is rapidly im- 
 proving. Schools and churches are to be found in all the 
 towns and villages throughout the State, and a new sys- 
 tem of public education has been provided for in the new 
 constitution. In reference to the feeling of the old inhab- 
 itants towards new comers, the State Commissioner of Im- 
 migration, Mr. Adams, (himself a Northern man) writes : 
 ' ' In our correspondence the question is often asked : 
 1 Is it safe for a Northern man to come to Florida ? ' The 
 answer is : That there is no sort of danger whatever. The 
 immigrant of good character and habits will be readily 
 received by all. Southern men and women are not su- 
 per-human, and cannot be expected suddenly to absolve 
 themselves from the domination of those trains of political 
 thought and those prevalent social notions that have ruled 
 them for years, or to sympathize at once with the political 
 ideas of a triumphant radicalism. But the whole popula- 
 tion of the State is becoming rapidly convinced that 
 ' men, money and labor,' are to be watch-words in the 
 success of the future of Florida. * * * Indeed, any 
 good citizen that proposes to pay special attention to his 
 own affairs, will be welcomed by all, and this without any 
 sacrifice of principle or any abridgment of his rights of 
 free thought and free speech. Northern men and women, 
 who may come and persist in associating exclusively with 
 each other, and sequester themselves diligently from all 
 social intercourse with old residents, will be allowed thus 
 to indulge their social predilections without let or hin- 
 drance." 
 
i6 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 The All-Rail Routes. 
 
 Visitors to Florida, going from the North, make Sa- 
 vannah the first objective point. It can be reached from 
 Eastern points via connecting lines to Baltimore. From 
 N. Y. by the N. Y. and Phila. R. R., running through 
 trains — to which are attached cars having all the modern 
 improvements — to Baltimore, Washington and Richmond. 
 From Baltimore, via Bay Line of Steamers to Portsmouth, 
 Va., connecting with "Atlantic Coast Li?ie." Or, From 
 Washington, via Ac quia Creek, to Richmond; at 
 Richmond two routes compete for the travel — the " Upper 
 Route," via Danville, Charlotte and Augusta, and the 
 "Atlantic Coast Line," via Petersburg, Wilmington and 
 Charleston. The " Great Southern Mail Route," 
 via Washington, Lynchburg, Knoxville, Chattanooga, 
 Atlanta, Macon, and Jesup Junction, giving the tourist 
 an opportunity to visit the most interesting localities in 
 the entire South. 
 
 Travelers from points North and West of the Ohio 
 River will find at the Railroad Ticket Offices in all of the 
 principal cities schedules, giving the distances and time 
 to Savannah and Florida. 
 
 From Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Toledo, De- 
 troit, places on Lakes Erie and Michigan, and points 
 North and East of Louisville, the "Short Line" is via 
 Louisville and Nashville R. R. From St. Louis, and 
 points North and West, the most direct route is via the 
 St. Louis and Iron Mountain R. R. 
 
 The Rail connections, North and West, are in excellent 
 condition. Drawing Room and Palace Sleeping Cars are 
 attached to all Through Trains. Polite and attentive 
 Conductors and good Eating Houses on the entire route. 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. \ 7 
 
 Schedules of the different routes will be found on adver- 
 tisement pages at back of book. 
 
 Through Tickets For Sale at 
 
 BOSTON— At 87, 79, 82 & 134 Washington Street; Boston 
 & Providence Depot; Boston & Albany Depot; Old Colony 
 Depot; No. 3 Old State House; Boston, Hartford & Erie De- 
 pot ; and No. 15 U. S. Hotel Block. 
 
 NEW YORK— At 229, 303 & 944 Broadway; and all the 
 principal Hotels ; and at foot Courtlandt Street ; BROOKLYN : 
 1 Court Street, City Hall Square. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA— At 409 & 828 Chestnut. Street; Ex- 
 change in Continental Hotel ; 44 South Fifth Street; and at the 
 Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Depot, corner Broad 
 and Prime Streets. 
 
 BALTIMORE— At the Camden Street Station, Baltimore and 
 Ohio Railroad Depot; 149 West Baltimore Street; S. E. cor- 
 ner Baltimore and Calvert Street. 
 
 WASHINGTON— At Adams Express Building, opposite Balti- 
 more Depot; at the Maryland Avenue Depot ; at 511 & 603 
 Pennsylvania Avenue ; Steamers, foot 7th Street ; and at the 
 principal Hotels. 
 
 Also at the Railroad Ticket Offices in Richmond, Charleston, Macon, 
 Atlanta, Nashville, Memphis, Louisville, St. Louis and New- 
 Orleans 
 
 By Sea to Florida. 
 
 From New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimore. 
 (By Steamship to Savannah and Rail to Florida.) 
 
 The Sea Routes from New York are via New York and 
 Savannah Steamships, consisting of four lines of commo- 
 dious and well-appointed Steamers. The Leo and Virgo, 
 of Murray, Ferris & Co's Line, sail from Pier 16 East 
 River, on alternate Tuesdays. The Steamships Herman 
 Livingston and Gen. Barnes, of Livingston, Fox & Co's 
 Line, from Pier 36 North River. The Steamships San 
 Salvador and Magnolia, of W. R. Garrison's Line, from 
 Pier 8 North River; and the Steamships Huntsville and 
 
i8 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 Montgomery, of R. Lowden's Line, from Pier 13 North 
 River. Through Tickets sold by the Agents of these Lines 
 to Florida and interior points in Georgia and Alabama. 
 See advertisement, page 84. 
 
 The New York and Charleston Line of Steamships, 
 composed of staunch and favorite vessels, thoroughly sea- 
 worthy and well-appointed in every respect, consisting of 
 the James Adger, Manhattan, South Carolina, Champion, 
 Georgia, and Charleston, sell Through Tickets, via the Sa- 
 vannah and Charleston R. R., to all points in Florida. 
 Their sailing days are Thursdays and Saturdays, from Pier 
 29 North River. H. R. Morgan & Co., Agents. See 
 
 page 80. x 
 
 By Sea, from Boston. 
 
 The Boston and Savannah S. S. Co. dispatch the new 
 and elegant Steamers Seminole and Oriental, on the 10th, 
 20th and 30th of each month ; returning, leave Savannah 
 on the same dates. Through Tickets to all points in Flor- 
 ida sold by F. Nickerson & Co., Agents 205 State Street, 
 
 Boston. 
 
 By Sea, from Philadelphia. 
 
 The Philadelphia and Southern Mail Steamship Co. 
 have a weekly line to Savannah, leaving every Saturday, 
 from Queen Street Wharf. The Wyoming and Tonawanda 
 are noted as first-class vessels, and have obtained a most en- 
 viable reputation for the regularity of their trips. Through 
 Tickets sold to all points in Florida and the interior of 
 Georgia and Alabama. See advertisement on page 85. 
 W. L. James, Agent, 130 South 3d Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 By Sea, from Baltimore. 
 
 The Baltimore and Savannah Steamship Co. dispatch, 
 on the 10th, 20th and 30th of each month, one of their 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 19 
 
 thoroughly sea-worthy and commodious Steamers to Sa- 
 vannah. The Line is extremely well managed, and the 
 America, Saragossa, and North Point are commanded by 
 experienced and able officers. Through Tickets to all 
 points in Florida and the interior are sold by the Agent, 
 James B. Andrews, Flannigan's Wharf, Baltimore. 
 
 From Charleston and Savannah to Florida. 
 The quickest and most comfortable route is via the Sa- 
 vannah and Charleston and Atlantic and Gulf Railways. 
 Travelers and invalids avoid the discomforts and risks at- 
 tendant upon a sea voyage along an exposed, and at times, 
 stormy coast. The Bar of the St. Johns, at Jacksonville, 
 Fla., is frequently so rough that steamers are unable to 
 cross it, and great inconvenience and suffering from sea- 
 sickness has been experienced by travelers, from this 
 cause. To those who are proof against the mal-de-mer, 
 and prefer the sea, there is a weekly line of boats from 
 Charleston and Savannah to Jacksonville. The passenger 
 by Rail will have the advantage of Palace Sleeping Cars 
 running through, without change, from Savannah to Jack- 
 sonville, where boats connect with the St. Johns River 
 and the St. Augustine Railroad. The route of the Atlan- 
 tic and Gulf Railroad is through the south-eastern section 
 of Georgia. It connects with the Florida net-work of 
 railroads at Live-Oak Station, in Florida, and this brings 
 it in close railway and steamboat connection with all prin- 
 cipal points in the State. The Express Train of the Atlan- 
 tic and Gulf Railroad leaves Savannah daily, at 5.00 p. m., 
 and through passengers are due at Jacksonville in 15 
 hours, at Tallahassee in 18 hours, at St. Marks, on the 
 Gulf of Mexico, in 19^ hours, and at Cedar Keys, in 
 South-western Florida, in 25^ hours. At Jacksonville 
 there is daily steamboat connection with all the towns and 
 
20 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 landings on the St. Johns River. See advertisement of 
 Brock's Line on page 91. 
 
 Florida can also be reached from New Orleans by 
 Steamers of the New Orleans, Florida and Havana S. S. 
 Co., which touch at Cedar Keys, en route to Key West 
 and Havana. Northern visitors to Florida, who wish to 
 return home either by the way of Havana or the Missis- 
 sippi River can avail themselves of this convenient route, 
 embarking at Cedar Keys. I. K. Roberts, Agent New 
 Orleans, Florida and Havana S. S. Co., New Orleans, La. 
 
 It has been well said that no part of the United States 
 can furnish a more exciting and agreeable winter hunting- 
 ground than Indian River and the Gulf Coast. Turkeys, 
 Ducks, Squirrels, Deer and Bear are to be found through- 
 out the State. The hunter in the Indian river region 
 "may comfortably camp out, month after month, with a 
 single blanket, taking as he needs his sweet potatoes from 
 the ground, and the orange, lemon and banana from the 
 plantations along the route, and in the continuous sunshine 
 of an unending spring surfeit himself with the pursuit of 
 game." 
 
 In the rivers and bays of Florida the lover of angling 
 will find his real paradise. They literally swarm with 
 valuable fish. Mullet, Bass, Sheepshead, Trout, Perch — 
 salt water and fresh — and innumerable other varieties 
 abound. The fish caught in the Lower St. Johns will run 
 from one to forty pounds in weight. Lakes Harney and 
 Jessup are abundantly stocked with fish of excellent 
 quality, which are easily caught with nets, hooks or spears. 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 23 
 
 Alligator hunting is a sport peculiar to these southern 
 latitudes and can be enjoyed to perfection along the 
 rivers, lakes and lagoons of Florida. It takes a practiced 
 eye to detect an alligator, for it closely resembles a rotten 
 log, half-submerged and motionless. Shooting the alliga- 
 tor from the decks of the river steamers is a common 
 enough custom, but the real alligator hunt is to be had on 
 the upper lakes where they swarm in almost countless 
 numbers. Hunting parties for Lake Harney are made up 
 at Enterprise, on the Upper St. Johns. The expense is 
 not much and the amusement prodigious. 
 
 Harper Bros. 
 
 St. Augustine. 
 
 The antiquarian and enthusiast in historical research 
 will find abundant material of interest in the visible traces 
 of the Spanish occupation of two and three centuries ago. 
 Remains of ancient cities, forts, breastworks, churches, 
 and roads may be found, sometimes when least expected, 
 in the midst of dense forests which have grown up and 
 covered the vestiges of the early civilization. St. Augustine 
 
24 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 the oldest city on the North American continent, is unsur- 
 passed in interest to the antiquarian. The battle fields 
 of the later Indian wars also have a peculiar attractive- 
 ness. Here the tourist may study the historic spots illus- 
 trated by the valor and genius of Jackson, Taylor and 
 Worth. The State of Florida offers rare opportunities 
 for study to the students in Geology and Botany. The 
 former have an interesting and important subject for in- 
 vestigation in the extraordinary coral formation of the 
 peninsula; the latter in the wonderful and varied growth 
 of floral and other vegetation. Several professors of 
 Natural History from Northern institutions of learning 
 were in Florida last year, collecting specimens of insects, 
 birds, fishes and beasts. There are several excellent tax- 
 idermists in Savannah who make a business of preparing 
 specimens for naturalists. 
 
 There are those to whom field and water sports are un- 
 interesting. They travel for a love of change merely, or 
 to behold the beautiful and novel in nature or to enjoy 
 idleness — as a relaxation from severe and unremitting 
 labor. The soft, balmy air, the clear, blue sky, the genial, 
 though never enervating warmth, the tropical richness of 
 the verdure, the bright-plumaged birds filling the forests 
 with their music, the placid, transparent lakes and river 
 scenery of unsurpassed loveliness, fulfil all the conditions 
 required by this class of tourists. No American need 
 seek an Italy across the waters when one lies here r almost 
 within a day's travel. 
 
 ^o; 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 25 
 
 For more than a century Florida has been a resort for 
 invalids from all parts of the world and particularly for 
 those afflicted with pulmonary complaints. The dryness, 
 evenness and salubrity of the climate are a most delightful 
 and health-restoring change from the piercing winds and 
 frigid temperature of the Northern, Middle and Western 
 States in the winter. That many consumptives who have 
 come to Florida die of the disease is true, but it is equally 
 certain that they had postponed their visit until it was 
 beyond the power of any climatic change to effect a cure. 
 But there are thousands of persons threatened with the 
 consumptive's death who have recovered their health in 
 Florida, or at least have lengthened their days not un- 
 pleasantly. 
 
 It is estimated that at least fifty thousand people visited 
 Florida last winter, of whom about a fourth were invalids. 
 The many beautiful villages and landings on the St. 
 Johns River, as far up as Enterprise, were crowded with 
 these seekers for renewed life and health. St. Augustine 
 and the Indian river country, on the Atlantic coast, were 
 also filled with visitors of the same character. Among 
 these were not only people troubled with lung diseases, 
 but those who were suffering from nervous complaints and 
 from physical and mental prostration. Many were over- 
 worked business men from the great cities of the North 
 and West, who sought this delicious and invigorating 
 mode of recuperation. 
 
 The mildness of the atmosphere in winter permits much 
 exercise in the open air. It is not uncommon for the 
 native ladies to walk late in the moonlight evenings 
 covered, as to the head, only with a lace veil. Some 
 nights are damp and chilly, particularly in the Northern 
 
26 GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 
 
 parts of the State, and a little fire is comfortable; but 
 usually, throughout the winter, the inhabitants sit without 
 afire and with open doors and windows. These remarks 
 are not intended to convey the idea that caution as to 
 clothing can be neglected by the invalid. A writer on 
 this point says : "As a rule, invalids should not expose 
 themselves to the night air nor be tempted on warm, bright 
 days to lay aside thick shoes and comfortable clothing. 
 The invalid should always be clad in woolen clothing, and 
 the robust do not require a linen suit except in the summer 
 months." 
 
 Statistics testify to the healthfulness of Florida. Not- 
 withstanding the fact that so many thousands of consump- 
 tives resort to the State for relief, the proportion of deaths 
 from pulmonary complaints in it is less than in any other 
 State in the Union. 
 
 The census of i860 showed that these deaths were as 
 follows : 
 
 Massachusetts, - - - one in 254 
 
 Maine, - - - " 289 
 
 Vermont, - - ' J " 404 
 
 New York, - - - - '• 473 
 
 Pennsylvania, .-■"'"" 5 8 ° 
 
 Ohio, -.-"--- "677 
 
 California, - - - " 727 
 
 Virginia, ----- 757 
 
 Indiana, - - - - " 79 2 
 
 Illinois, - '.•-«« 878 
 
 Florida, - " i,447 
 
 There is a wide-spread misapprehension respecting the 
 malarial character of the interior of Florida. It is sup- 
 posed that in some parts the air is charged with the most 
 poisonous and noxious vapors arising from the swamp 
 lands, and that fevers are common in consequence of it. 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 27 
 
 It is true that there is much swampy land in the State, 
 and that wherever there is a dense vegetable growth accom- 
 panied by decomposition, malarious diseases arise, but in 
 this case, the magnificent breezes, which sweep across the 
 country, clear the atmosphere and purge it of its evil 
 humors. All fevers in Florida assume a much milder 
 type than in other sections where they are prevalent. 
 Surgeon-General Lawson, of the United States Army, in 
 his report explicitly asserts this. He says that statistics 
 show " that the ratio of deaths to the number of cases of 
 remittent fever has been much less among the troops serv- 
 ing there than in any other portion of the United States. 
 In the Middle Division the proportion is 1 death to 36 
 cases of remittent fever ; in the Northern Division, 1 to 
 52 ; in the Southern Division, 1 to 54; in Texas, 1 in 783 
 in California, 1 in 122; in New Mexico, 1 in 148; while 
 in Florida it is 1 in 287. 
 
 The remedial character of the springs, which abound in 
 every part • of the State, must not be overlooked. Some 
 are known to be highly beneficial to rheumatic and dys- 
 peptic patients. A reference to the index of this work 
 will give inquirers the location of several of the best 
 esteemed spas in the State. 
 
 cofc; 
 
28 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 The Legislature of Florida has taken active measures 
 to induce immigrants, from the North and West and from 
 Europe, to settle in the State. A Department of Immigra- 
 tion has been established in connection with the State 
 Government ; the officer is styled Commissioner of Immi- 
 gration, and he is a member of the Governor's Cabinet. 
 The Bureau furnishes, upon application, all the informa- 
 tion an intending settler may desire about the price, 
 character and situation of lands and the means of getting 
 to them. 
 
 It may be succinctly said that the inducements to immi- 
 gration to Florida consist in the cheapness of the lands, 
 ease of tillage, wide scope of crops, heavy profits and 
 healthfulness of climate. The lands of the State are 
 classified as swamp lands, high and low hummock and 
 pine. The first are the most durably rich lands in the 
 Union. Ditching is indispensable in preparing them for 
 profitable cultivation ; then they produce a succession of 
 exhausting crops with the most wonderful vigor. They 
 are especially adapted for sugar, and have been known to 
 yield four hogsheads to the acre, which is more than twice 
 the average of Louisiana productiveness. There is at least 
 a million of acres of this land vacant in Florida, most of 
 which can be bought of the State for less than two dollars 
 per acre. 
 
 The characteristic of the hummock, as distinguished 
 from the pine land, is, that it is covered with a growth of 
 underbrush, while the latter is open. Whenever the land 
 is not so low as to be called a swamp and produces an 
 undergrowth of shrubbery, it is called hummock. These 
 lands stud the pine forests every few miles and vary in 
 extent from twenty acres to forty thousand acres. The 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 29 
 
 low hummocks require a little ditching, and are adapted 
 to the growth of the cane. The high hummocks are 
 composed of very rich soil and produce, with very little 
 cultivation, all the crops of the country. They require 
 no other preparation than clearing and ploughing, and 
 are the lands most sought after by new settlers ; the price 
 varies from 25 cents to #25.00 per acre, according to 
 location. 
 
 The pine lands are generally cleared by girdling the 
 trees and cutting away the underbrush. The following 
 year nothing remains but the trunks and dry branches 
 which offer no further impediment to the rays of the sun. 
 The fertility of what is denominated " first-rate pine M is 
 remarkable. Some districts have yielded during fourteen 
 years of successive cultivation, without the aid of manure, 
 400 pounds of Sea Island Cotton to the acre. The poorer 
 classes of pine lands are valuable for the raising of Sisal 
 hemp. They afford an excellent range for cattle, and are 
 worth still more for their timber and naval stores. Prices 
 of "first-rate pine" land varies from 25 cents to #10 
 per acre, according to location. 
 
 Unimproved lands on the St. Johns River can be had 
 at from $5 to $15 ; and improved lands in the same 
 locality at from #20 to #30. Plantations in other parts 
 of the State, partially cleared and having some improve- 
 ments, such as buildings and fences, are worth from #3 to 
 #10 per acre. Lands, having orange groves in bearing, 
 are from $50 to #250 per acre. On account of the genial 
 climate, the finished, compactly-built dwelling-houses of 
 the more rigorous North are not required. Less expen- 
 sive buildings, the cost being not more than from £200 
 to #500, will answer every purpose of health and comfort. 
 
 The extraordinary variety of crops suitable to the 
 soil of Florida is alluded to on another page. Many of 
 
30 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 them, with much less of the cost and hard labor expended 
 in other farming sections of the Union, can be made 
 exceedingly profitable. For settlers of small means the 
 early vegetable cultivation and the raising of fruit make 
 handsome returns, and for large capitalists there are 
 fortunes in the production of cotton, sugar, fine Cuban 
 tobacco and naval stores. There are also similar induce- 
 ments in stock raising, the cutting of timber and lumber, 
 salt making and the fisheries. Enterprising men and 
 women, who know " how to keep a hotel," can settle any- 
 where along the railroad lines or on the St. Johns, and 
 depend on constant and remunerative business. 
 
 Visitors to Florida, for the first time, are usually appre- 
 hensive about snakes. Notwithstanding its tropical situ- 
 ation there are few poisonous reptiles in Florida. In 
 some localities the rattlesnake may be found, if sought for 
 diligently, but. generally the only snake visible is a species 
 of harmless, water snake. The alligators are not aggres- 
 sive towards strangers. They are rather disposed to run 
 than fight when attacked. The mosquitoes flourish in the 
 summer season, as they do everywhere else, but are less 
 voracious than the Jersey breed. The other bugbear to 
 the stranger in Florida — the malarial fever, is spoken of 
 elsewhere. When it does occur, it is of the very mildest 
 type, is not necessarily dangerous and yields easily to 
 simple remedies. 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 3' 
 
 THE DIRECT ROUTE TO FLORIDA, 
 
 (AND ALSO TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA,) 
 ay th£ 
 
 Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 
 
 This Railroad is the great connecting link between the 
 Atlantic coast railroads from the North (via Savannah) 
 and Southern Georgia and Florida. It affords a through 
 railroad connection for passengers and freight between 
 those flourishing sections and Baltimore, Philadelphia, 
 New York and Boston. 
 
 The main trunk extends from Savannah to Bainbridge, 
 on the Flint River, nearly to the Alabama State line, a 
 distance of 236 miles. There are two branch roads ; one 
 beginning at Lawton and extending to Live Oak, a distance 
 of forty-eight miles, and connecting with the Jacksonville, 
 Pensacola and Mobile Railroad ; and the other from Thom- 
 asville to Albany, Ga., a distance of fifty-eight miles. 
 The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad also connects at Jesup 
 with the Macon and Brunswick Railroad, and passengers 
 and freight are taken either for the coast or for all points 
 in Middle and Upper Georgia and Alabama. 
 
 The following is the Time Table of the 
 
ATLANTIC & GULF RAILWAY. 
 
 John Screven, Pres., H. S. Haines, Gen. Superintendent. 
 
 Savannah, Ga. 
 
 D. Macdonald, Treai., 
 
 Savannah. Ga. 
 
$ Daily, t Except Sunday. § Except Monday. ^ Except Saturday. * Meals. 
 
 CONNECTIONS. 
 
 i At Savannah, with Savannah and 6 At Bainbridge, with Steamers for 
 
 Charleston and Central (Ga.) Railways, Columbus, Ft. Gaines, Eufaula and 
 
 and New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore Apalachicola. 
 
 and Boston Steamships. 7 A v .LiveOak, with Jackson v., Pen, 
 
 a At Jesup, with Macon and Brunswick sacola and Mobile Railway for Mad, 
 
 Railway lor Macon, Atlanta, and prin- ison, Monticello, Tallahassee, Quin. 
 
 cipal cities of the South and West. cy, St. Marks, Jacksonville, St. 
 
 s At Lawton, for Jacksonville, and Augustine, and points on the St. 
 
 points in Florida. Johns River. 
 
 «At Thomasville, with Albany Divi- 8 At Baldwin, with Florida Railway 
 
 eion. for Fernandina, Gainesville and 
 
 » At Albany, with Southwestern Rail- Cedar Keys. 
 
 way. 
 
 Express Train— Notes.— Through connection at Live Oak for stations 
 
 to Jacksonville without change. on J., P. & M. Railroad, west of Live 
 
 No change of cars between Savannah Oak. 
 and Albany. Both of the above trains make 
 
 Close connection at Baldwin with close connection at Jesup with trains 
 
 trains on Florida Railroad, to and from to and from Macon for and from 
 
 Fernandina and Cedar Keys. Florida. 
 
 Sleeping Car on this train. Close connection at Albany with 
 
 Close connection at Albany with trains on Southwestern Railroad, 
 trains on Southwestern Railroad. Macon Express Train— Note.— 
 
 Passengers to and from Brunswick Close connection at Macon, both 
 
 make close connection with this train, ways, with Macon and WesternRail 
 
 Accommodation Train — Note.— road trains to and from Atlanta. 
 This is the only train making close 
 
 G. D. OWENS, Cenl. Agent, 
 
 229 Broadway, cor. Barclay St. f N. T. 
 ■< » » 
 
 The following are the stations on the Atlantic and Gulf 
 Railroad after leaving Savannah : 
 
 lUillers — io miles from Savannah, 226 miles from 
 Bainbridge. Wood station. 
 
 The railroad crosses the Little Ogeechee River, just east 
 of this station. 
 
 Ways — isH miles from Savannah, 220^ miles 
 from Bainbridge. Wood station. There are Presbyterian 
 and Baptist Churches near here. The County seat of 
 Bryan County is near here. Within one mile east of 
 this station the road crosses the Great Ogeechee River. 
 Some of the largest rice plantations in Georgia are 
 situated on its banks. A short distance below the 
 bridge the blockade runner, "Rattlesnake," previously 
 the "Nashville," was sunk by the guns of the Federal 
 fleet, then lying below Genesis Point. On this point was 
 the Confederate battery, Fort McAllister, which was cap- 
 
 33 
 
34 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 
 
 tured after a. sharp fight, by Sherman's Army, on its 
 "march to the sea." 
 
 Fleming — 24 miles from Savannah and 212 miles 
 from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. About fifteen miles 
 from here, on the shore, is the harbor of Sunbury, 
 one of the best on the Georgia coast, and one of the ear- 
 liest settlements in the State. Visitors may see there the 
 old Sunbury Fort and have a fine view of St. Catherine's 
 Sound. At Fleming are Methodist and Baptist Churches. 
 
 Mcintosh — 32 miles from Savannah and 204 
 miles from Bainbridge. This station is two and one- 
 half miles from the village of Flemington, Liberty County ; 
 five miles from Hinesville, the County seat ; and ten miles 
 from Riceboro, the head of water navigation on the North 
 Newport River. 
 
 Walthourville — 39 miles from Savannah, 197 
 miles from Bainbridge. The village of Walthourville is 
 three miles from the station, and in ante bellum days 
 was the summer residence of the wealthy planters of Lib- 
 erty County. It was the birth-place of a number of the 
 most eminent men of the State, and was noted for the 
 intelligence and refinement of its society. Present popu- 
 lation, 300. The place is a resort for invalids. There are 
 good boarding houses kept by Messrs. Brown and Miller. 
 Rates from $1.50 to $2.00 per day for transient visitors. 
 The neighborhood abounds with deer and partridge. 
 There are two churches in Walthourville, one Presbyterian 
 and one Baptist. 
 
 •Johnston — 46 miles from Savannah, 190 miles 
 from Bainbridge. Population, 150. The village con- 
 tains a boarding-house, kept by Mrs. Johnston, two saw 
 mills and a shingle mill near by. Plenty of game will 
 be found in the vicinity. 
 
 Upon leaving this station, the road descends into the 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 35 
 
 valley of the Altamaha River. This river is one of the 
 largest in the State and is formed by the junction of the 
 Oconee and Ocmulgee Rivers ; the former, navigable for 
 steamboats to Dublin, and the latter to Macon. Darien, 
 where a large trade is carried on in lumber and timber, 
 lies near the mouth of the Altamaha. The Atlantic and 
 Gulf Railroad crosses this stream upon a substantial lattice 
 bridge of four spans, formed upon brick pieces of suffi- 
 cient height for steamers to pass below. The swamp 
 abounds in cypress and oak. The cypress is manufactured 
 into shingles, and shipped to Macon, Savannah and North- 
 ern ports, and quantities of oak staves are exported to 
 France and Spain. 
 
 Doctortowil — 53 miles from Savannah, 183 
 miles from Bainbridge. This station is near the site 
 of an old Indian town, which was the abode of a famous 
 "medicine man," whence the name of the station. 
 
 Jesup — 5 7 miles from Savannah, 1 79 miles from 
 Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Junction of the Macon 
 and Brunswick Railroad. Passengers take cars here for 
 Macon, Atlanta, and all points in Middle and Northern 
 Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee. Connection is also 
 made here with the growing and prosperous city of Bruns- 
 wick, forty miles distant on the Atlantic coast. The pop- 
 ulation of Jesup is about 100. Hotels, kept by Mrs. Clary 
 and Mr. Williams, will accommodate about sixty guests. 
 Rates $3.00 per day. 
 
 Screven — 68 miles from Savannah, 168 miles 
 from Bainbridge. Wood station. 
 
 Upon the line of the road for the thirty miles west of 
 this station, in the finest lumber region of the State, are 
 situated eight or ten large circular saw mills engaged in 
 cutting lumber for shipment, via Savannah, to the Northern 
 States, Europe, the West Indies and South America. The 
 
36 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 
 
 lumber interest is annually increasing in importance, and 
 adds largely to the revenues of this road. The shipments 
 of lumber over the road have increased from 8,000,000 
 feet in 1866, to 32,000,000 feet in 187 1. Short lateral 
 branches are being constructed into the virgin forests on 
 either side of the line, and it is probable that the annual 
 shipments will continue to increase for many years to 
 come. 
 
 Patterson — 77 miles from Savannah, 159 miles 
 from Bainbridge. There are three churches in the 
 vicinity. 
 
 HSlacksliear — 86 miles from Savannah, 150 miles 
 from Bainbridge. Population, 800. County seat of 
 Pierce County. There are in the village and vicinity four 
 saw mills and a grist mill. The Knoles House accommo- 
 dates travelers at $2.50 per day or $7.00 per week. The 
 country hereabouts is heavily timbered and large quan- 
 tities of round and square timber are cut and shipped. The 
 South East Georgian is published here, and there is a Meth- 
 odist Church in the village. 
 
 Ten miles west of Blackshear the Brunswick and Albany 
 Railroad crosses the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 
 
 Tebeauville — 97 miles from Savannah, 139 
 miles from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Population 
 about 100. Situated near the head of the great Okafono- 
 kee Swamp, which abounds with game and fish, and is a 
 famous resort of ihe sportsman. The Railroad House at 
 this station, kept by J. W. Remshurt, will accommodate 
 about thirty guests at $2.00 per day. There are two saw 
 mills in the neighborhood, cutting about 15,000 feet of 
 lumber daily. 
 
 GlefilHlore — 108 miles from Savannah, 128 miles 
 from Bainbridge. Wood station. 
 
 Argyle — 115 miles from Savannah, 121 miles from 
 Bainbridge. Wood station. 
 
GUIDE -TO FLORIDA. 37 
 
 Homer SVille — 122 miles from Savannah, 114 miles 
 from Bainbridge. Population, 200. County seat of 
 Clinch County. The Okafonokee Swamp is near by. 
 Cowart's Hotel and Hodge's boarding house afford 
 good accommodations to visitors and sportsmen. Sugar 
 cane is raised to some extent on the neighboring plan- 
 tations. 
 
 Law ton — 131 miles from Savannah, 105 miles 
 from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Junction with 
 the Florida branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, 
 (which see, at the end of this article.) The Railroad 
 House accommodates travelers at $2.00 per day. In 
 the village the Primitive Baptists have a small meeting- 
 house. The climate here is agreeable and the water excel- 
 lent. The country is heavily covered with yellow pine. 
 
 Stockton — 1 39 miles from Savannah, 105 miles from 
 Bainbridge. Wood station. 
 
 ]¥aylor — 144 miles from Savannah, 97 miles from 
 Bainbridge. Population, about 75. There are two saw 
 mills and a wool-carding establishment near here. 
 
 Valdosta — 157 miles from Savannah, 79 miles from 
 Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Population, 2000. County 
 seat of Lowndes County. The largest town on the rail- 
 road between Savannah and Thomasville. It ships about 
 5000 bales of cotton per season, and contains several mills, 
 five white and two negro Churches, and two good hotels, 
 Stuart's Railroad Hotel and Tranquil Hall, where accom- 
 modations may be had at $5.00 per week for permanent 
 guests. The South Georgia Times is published here. In 
 the neighborhood are many natural curiosities; one 
 of the small rivers enters a cave and disappears. 
 Ocean Pond and Long Pond, from three to five miles in 
 extent, afford the best fresh-water fishing in Georgia. . . 
 
 From this station westward to Thomasville, the road 
 
38 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 
 
 passes through a region which, perhaps, offers more 
 inducements to emigration than any other part of Southern 
 Georgia or Florida. It is a rolling country, well watered, 
 and thickly wooded with yellow pine and other timber, 
 There are many thrifty farmers engaged in planting cotton, 
 corn and sugar cane, and in raising stock for the Savannah 
 market. In summer the southerly winds are cooled in 
 passing over the Gulf of Mexico, and the nights are 
 always pleasant. Cases of malarial disease are rare, and 
 mosquitoes are almost unknown. In short, there is no 
 other part of the Southern country possessing the same 
 advantages of climate, soil and productions, of health, 
 proximity to schools, churches and centres of trade, where 
 land can be purchased at as small a price as in this vicin- 
 ity. The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad was only extended 
 to Thomasville at the beginning of the late war, and as it 
 is not on any of the great Southern Through Lines, it has 
 in a great measure escaped the attention of persons going 
 South in pursuit of \ealth or seeking a home. 
 
 Olisley — 1 66 miles from Savannah, 70 miles from 
 Bainbridge. Population, 150. Travelers are accommo- 
 dated by J. A. and W. H. Ousley. In the vicinity are 
 several pretty lakes. 
 
 Two miles west of this station the road crosses the 
 Withlacoochee River, an affluent of the Suwanee. Upon 
 its banks and near the road are two springs (one of them 
 a sulphur spring), which enjoy quite a local reputation. 
 
 Quitman — 174 miles from Savannah, 62 miles from 
 Bainbridge. Telegraph office. One of the most nourishing 
 towns in Southern Georgia. Population, 1500. County 
 seat of the fertile county of Brooks, which contains ten 
 water and six steam mills. In Quitman are two carriage 
 manufactories, a cotton and wool factory with a capital of 
 $75,000 ; five churches, belonging to the Methodists, 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 39 
 
 Baptists and Presbyterians ; thirty business houses, mostly 
 built of brick, and three educational institutions ; the 
 Lovick Pierce College with 60 students, Quitman Academy 
 with 100 students, and the Howard Institute (colored) 
 with 60 students. This young town was planned and the 
 streets blazed out of the pine forests in i860. Last year 
 6000 bales of cotton were shipped from its depot. The 
 Quitman Banner is published here. In the county is a 
 partially explored cave, called the Devil's Hopper, which 
 is a great natural curiosity. The sulphur springs are four 
 miles distant from the town. Travelers are accommodated 
 at the City Hotel by J. G. Jenkins, and Mcintosh House, - 
 by Mrs. B. Mcintosh. Rates, $2.00 per day, $10.00 per 
 week, $20.00 per month. Students, $10.00 per month. 
 
 Dixie — 181 miles from Savannah, 55 miles from 
 Bainbridge. Bryan's Hotel has good accommodations at 
 $1.50 per day. Near by is Dry Lake, a large and beauti- 
 ful sheet of water, and a sink hole into which three rivers 
 empty and show no outlet again. 
 
 Boston — 188 miles from Savannah, 48 miles from 
 Bainbridge. Population, 400. Ships 1800 bales of cotton. 
 Several steam saw mills here, and Methodist, Baptist and 
 Presbyterian churches. Boston is the proposed terminus 
 of two new railroads; one to St. Marys, Georgia, and the 
 other to Greenfield, Georgia, and is growing rapidly. 
 
 TllOlliasville — 200 miles from Savannah, 36 miles 
 from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Junction with Albany 
 branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, (which see, at 
 the end of this article.) Population, 4000. County seat 
 of Thomas County. The town is situated on the highest 
 land between Savannah and the Flint River, and is 97 feet 
 higher than Albany. It is the centre of a thriving trade 
 and bids fair to become the most important town in 
 Southern Georgia. Its location is dry and healthy, and 
 
4 o GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 it is tnerefore a favorite resort for Northern invalids. The 
 streets are broad and beautifully shaded with evergreens. 
 The town has Episcopal, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian 
 and Roman Catholic churches ; five saw mills, a foundry 
 and a tannery, and supports a newspaper, the Southern 
 Enterprise. The South Georgia Agricultural and Mechan- 
 ical Association holds its annual fairs here, generally con- 
 tinuing five days. The country around is cultivated with 
 cotton and sugar, and is well settled. Travelers and invalids 
 will find accommodations at the Gulf Railroad House, kept 
 by G. W. Parnell, and Young's Hotel, by John McKinnon ; 
 charges $3.00 per day or $12.00 per week. At the board- 
 ing houses rates are from $20.00 to $25.00 per month. A 
 Swiss Colony is successfully engaged in the grape culture 
 near Thomasville. Thomasville shipped about 12,000 
 bales of cotton last year. 
 
 Cairo — 214 miles from Savannah, 22 miles from Bain- 
 bridge. Population 66. Boarding houses kept by W. T. 
 Rigsby, William Powell and Wily Pearce. Rates $1.00 
 per day. 
 
 Wlligliaill — 221 miles from Savannah, 15 miles from 
 Bainbridge. A considerable trade done here with the 
 surrounding country. 
 
 Climax — 228 miles from Savannah, 8 miles from 
 Bainbridge. Wood station. At this station the road 
 descends westward into the valley of the Flint River. 
 
 Bainbridge — 236 miles from Savannah. The 
 Western terminus of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 
 Telegraph office, and the head of navigation on the 
 Flint River, which is navigable all the. year. Steamboats 
 make semi- weekly trips to Columbus, Georgia, on the 
 Chattahoochee and Apalachicola, Florida, on the Gulf of 
 Mexico. The population of Bainbridge is 2000. It con- 
 tains a cotton factory, two steam saw mills, and three 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 41 
 
 churches. Two newspapers, the Southern Sun and the 
 Argus are printed here. The neighboring lakes abound 
 with fresh-water fish. The Sharon House, kept by John 
 Sharon, is a first-class country house. Board $3.00 per 
 day, $15.00 per week. 
 
 Bainbridge is the county seat of Decatur County. The 
 local shipments of cotton are 11,000 bales. The steamers 
 landing here bring about 16,000 bales per annum for ship- 
 ment by rail to Savannah. The town is rapidly improving. 
 It is also the terminus of the Bainbridge, Cuthbert and 
 Columbus Railroad, (narrow gauge) now under construc- 
 tion. 
 
 From Lawton, Georgia, to Live Oak, Florida. 
 
 Lawton — 131 miles from Savannah, 132 miles from 
 Jacksonville. The junction of the main trunk of the 
 Atlantic and Gulf Railroad and the Florida Branch. 
 
 Forrest — 143 miles from Savannah, 121 miles from 
 Jacksonville. Wood station. 
 
 Statenville — 151 miles from Savannah, n 1 miles 
 from Jacksonville. Population, about 50. The place con- 
 tains Baptist and Methodist churches. 
 
 Jasper — .163 miles from Savannah, 99 miles from 
 Jacksonville. Population, 150. County seat of Jasper 
 County. Invalids take conveyances here for the Upper 
 White Sulphur Springs, 18 miles distant. The country here- 
 about is pleasant and healthy. Visitors to Jasper can be 
 accommodated at the Stewart House, kept by Judge H. J. 
 Stewart, and the Hately House, by Mrs. Z. Hately. 
 Charges, $15.00 to $20.00 per month, $2.00 per day. 
 
42 * GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 Suwanee — 171 miles from Savannah, 90 miles 
 from Jacksonville. Wood station. About one mile from 
 his station is a most remarkable Sulphur spring, upon the 
 rocky shore of the widely-sung " Suwanee Ribber," and 
 embowered in the live-oak and magnolia trees which shade 
 its placid surface. The spring is about fifteen feet deep 
 and as many feet in diameter ; its crystal-pure waters, as 
 they pour into the river, are so clearly separate from the 
 dark current flowing down from the Okafonokee Swamp, 
 that the line of demarkation may be observed for some 
 distance below the spring. This spring is well known for 
 its efficiency in cases of rheumatism and dyspepsia, as is 
 also the Upper White Sulphur, some miles farther up the 
 river. 
 
 Iiive Oak — 179 miles from Savannah, 8$ miles from 
 Jacksonville. Telegraph office. Junction with the Jack- 
 sonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad. 
 
 ji&s&NY Bm®w@m qf wmm itrzMmc ®w& 
 
 From Thomasville to Albany, Georgia. 
 
 ThomaSTllle — 200 miles from Savannah, 60 miles 
 from Albany. Junction of the main trunk and the Albany 
 Division of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 
 
 Okloknee — 2 1 1 miles from Savannah, 49 miles from 
 Albany. 
 
 Pelham — 224 miles from Savannah, 36 miles from 
 Albany. 
 
 Camilla — 232 miles from Savannah, 28 miles from 
 Albany. Telegraph office. A new town, laid out in 1857, 
 and growing rapidly. Population, 500. Ships 5000 bales 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. *43 
 
 of 'cotton. It is situated in the midst of a flourishing cot- 
 ton region. The town contains several steam saw mills, 
 two corn mills, Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian 
 churches, two good hotels and a number of boarding 
 houses. Prices at the former, per day #2.00 to $2.50; 
 per week, #5.00 to #6.00. County seat of Mitchell County. 
 From this station to Albany the road runs near the east 
 bank of the Flint River, and through an almost continuous 
 belt of extensive and fertile cotton plantations. 
 
 Baconton — 242 miles from Savannah, 18 miles from 
 
 Albany- 
 
 Hardaway — 252 miles from Savannah, 8 miles from 
 
 Albany. 
 
 Albany — Telegraph Office, 258 miles from Savannah 
 and on the Flint River. The terminus of three railroads, 
 the Albany Branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, the 
 Brunswick and Albany Railroad to the Atlantic coast, and 
 the South-western Railroad to Macon. Population, 3500. 
 County seat of Dougherty County. This is also a new 
 place and has risen to the dignity of an incorporated city. 
 It contains a number of mills and foundries, seven churches, 
 a newspaper, (the News) and two hotels ; the Town House, 
 kept by Collier & Co., and the Albany House by M. 
 Burnes. Rates, $3.00 per day and #30.00 per month. 
 Upland cotton is the staple product of the surrounding 
 country. Blue Spring, three miles from Albany, is a bold 
 stream, gushing from the earth, and abounding with fish. 
 The many ponds in the county are supposed to have an 
 underground connection with this spring. 
 
44 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 From Quincy, via Live Oak, to Jacksonville, by the 
 Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad. 
 
 The Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad con- 
 nects the Apalachicola River in Western Florida with the 
 Atlantic Ocean at Jacksonville, and therefore traverses the 
 entire Northern section of the State, east of the Apalachi- 
 cola. It also connects at Live Oak with the Atlantic and 
 Gulf Railroad, and all stations in Georgia ; at Tallahassee 
 with St. Marks and the Gulf of Mexico, and at Baldwin 
 with Fernandina in the North and Cedar Keys in the 
 South. At present the road is in running condition from 
 Quincy east to Jacksonville, a distance of 189 miles. The 
 road will be completed this winter to Chattahoochee, and 
 the work of making the connection with Pensacola and 
 Mobile will be pushed forward rapidly. 
 
 The following are the stations on this road, going east : 
 Quiltcy — 189 miles from Jacksonville. Telegraph 
 office. Population, 800. County seat of Gadsden 
 County. The Willard House, kept by Mrs. Willard, is 
 recommended. Board, $3.00 per day. There is a board- 
 ing-house kept by Mrs. Innes. Quincy has three churches : 
 Methodist, Episcopal and Presbyterian. A weekly news- 
 paper, the Quincy Journal, is published here. The 
 village is situated in Gadsden County, which before 
 the war cultivated fine Cuba tobacco on a large and remu- 
 nerative scale. The early vegetable business is flourishing. 
 The neighborhood of Mount Pleasant, 12 miles from 
 Quincy, is engaged in the cultivation of the Scuppernong 
 grape, and produces a wine equal to the best of the Cali- 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA 45 
 
 fornia and Ohio vintages. A number of Swedish immi- 
 grants have settled in Gadsdeu County, and have done so 
 well that a large party has been iuduced to join them. 
 Quincy is 22 miles from Bainbridge.. Georgia, and with it 
 has daily stage communication. 
 
 Midway — 12 miles from Quincy. 177 miles from 
 Jacksonville. 
 
 Tallahassee — 2 4 miles from Quincy, 165 miles from 
 Jacksonville. Telegraph office. The capital of the State 
 of Florida, and county seat of Leon County. Population, 
 2500. There are two newspapers published in Tallahassee, 
 the Floridian, conservative, and the Sentinel, republican. 
 The principal hotel is the City Hotel, by Mrs. Mary 
 Archer It has accommodation for 150 guests. Board, 
 $4.00 per day. There are no manufactories. Leon 
 County, in which Tallahassee is situated, is wholly a farm- 
 ing county, and contains some of the best rolling lands in 
 the State. About 12,000 bales of cotton are raised an- 
 nually. The climate is delightful, the summer's heat being 
 tempered by the Gulf breezes. In the neighborhood of the 
 city are Lakes Bradford, Jackson and Lafayette. The 
 name of the second was given by General McCall, who 
 was on Jackson's staff. Lake Lafayette received its name 
 from the grant of land made by Congress to the Marquis, 
 within the area of which the lake is situated. Tallahassee 
 is connected with St. Marks on the Gulf of Mexico, by a 
 branch of the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad. 
 Trains run through in an hour and a half. (See notice of 
 St. Marks, at the end of this article.) The society of this 
 town is distinguished for its intelligence and refinement. 
 
 Chair es — 35 miles from Quincy, 153 miles from 
 Jacksonville. 
 
 Lloyds — 42 miles from Quincy, 147 miles from Jack- 
 sonville. Population, 200. The village contains a Bap- 
 
46 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 tist and two Methodist Churches. The railroad here runs 
 through a flat, pine-wood country. 
 
 Monticello Junction — 51 miles from Quincy, 
 138 miles from Jacksonville. Connection is had here with 
 the town of Monticello, county seat of Jefferson County, 
 which is the terminus of a branch road, four and a quarter 
 miles distant. The population of Monticello is about 2000. 
 Telegraph office. The Monticello Advertiser is published 
 here, and there are Episcopalian, Methodist, Baptist and 
 Presbyterian churches. The principal hotel is the Monti- 
 cello, with good accommodations, and kept by Mrs. M. 
 A. Madden. Board and lodging may be had for $25.00 
 per month. Lake Miccosukie is in this vicinity. Its 
 banks are famous in the ancient history of Florida, as the 
 camping ground of De Soto ; and in modern history, as 
 the field of a sanguinary battle between General Jackson 
 and the Miccosukie tribe of Indians. 
 
 Monticello is twenty miles distant from Dixie, on the 
 Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 
 
 All cilia — 58 miles from Quincy and 131 miles from 
 Jacksonville. 
 
 Goodman — 65 miles from Quincy and 124 miles 
 from Jacksonville. These two stations are shipping points 
 for a fine planting country. 
 
 Madison — 79 miles from Quincy and no miles from 
 Jacksonville. Telegraph office. Population between 700 
 and 800. County seat of Madison County. The village 
 contains Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian churches. 
 The lands hereabouts are good, and there is considerable 
 early garden truck raised for the Northern markets. The 
 Phoenix Mills in the village are of large capacity. Trav- 
 elers can be accommodated at the house of Mr. W. E. 
 Howells, at $2.50 per day. In the County of Madison the 
 beautiful Lakes Rachel and Mary Frances, and Cherry 
 Lake are situated. They abound with fish. 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 47 
 
 Ellaville — 94 miles from Quincy and 95 miles from 
 Jacksonville. An extensive lumbering place j situated on 
 the Suwanee River, which empties into the Gulf of Mex- 
 ico. Population, about 500. There are large saw mills at 
 this place, whose cutting capacity is fifty thousand feet 
 daily, also planing and grist mills. A boarding house in 
 the village is kept by Mrs. Drew. The church is used by 
 all denominations. 
 
 Iiive Oak — 107 miles from Quincy and 82 miles 
 from Jacksonville. The junction with the Atlantic and 
 Gulf Railroad to Savannah, and all railroad points North. 
 Telegraph office. County seat of Suwanee County. Popula- 
 tion, 800. The village contains a saw mill, a planing mill, 
 a manufactory and a church, which is used alternately by 
 the Episcopalians, Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians. 
 The Live Oak Herald 'is published here. Conner's Hotel 
 affords good accommodations. Fare, $3.00 per diem. 
 There is a private boarding house kept by Mrs. McLarran. 
 Near the village are many waterfalls, some of them very 
 pretty. The site of Live Oak was once an Indian camping 
 ground. The Live Oak Times is published here. 
 
 Welllborn — 119 miles from Quincy and 71 miles 
 from Jacksonville. Passengers going to White Sulphur 
 Springs stop here. Population, 350. Wellborn is situated 
 on the highest point above the level of the Gulf, on this 
 railroad. It is in a healthy country and a resort for inva- 
 lids. The celebrated White Sulphur Springs on the 
 Suwanee River, are eight miles distant. They are much 
 used by sufferers from dyspepsia and rheumatism. Lake 
 Wellborn and several other inland sheets of water, are in 
 this neighborhood, and are well stocked with fish. The 
 village contains two churches, one used by the Baptists, 
 and the other by the Methodists and Presbyterians. Trav- 
 elers and invalids are accommodated at the houses of H. 
 
 
48 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 D. Rigsbee, S. L. Williams and others. Rates, $1.50 
 daily, $7.00 to $8.00 weekly, $20.00 to > o.oo monthly. 
 
 Lake City — 130 miles from Quincy and 59 miles 
 from Jacksonville. Telegraph office. A city of 2000 
 inhabitants. An United States signal service station and 
 the seat of justice of Columbia County. The place con- 
 tains cotton, saw and grist mills ; and seven churches be- 
 longing to the Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist, 
 Episcopalian and Baptist denominations. The Lake City 
 Press, edited by Captain E. W. Davis, is published here. 
 Lakes Isabella, De Soto and Hamburg are within the city 
 limits, and Indian Lake within a quarter of a mile. There 
 is a chalybeate (iron, sulphur and magnesia) spring, about 
 half a mile from the city, and one of the best sulphur 
 springs in the South within 12 miles. The lakes and 
 streams are stocked with trout, bream, perch, (mawmouth, 
 speckled, sand and mud) gar and other varieties of fish ; 
 and the surrounding country with deer, bears, wild turkeys, 
 partridges, snipe, (English and gray) and wild ducks. 
 Every planter has from one to two dozen orange trees. 
 The dim remains may be seen, about half a mile from Lake 
 City, of trenches built by De Soto in his conflicts with the 
 Indians over three hundred years ago. The city has three 
 hotels, the Cathey House by J. W. Cathey, Hancock 
 House by Mrs. Ashurst, and Thrasher House by T. B. 
 Thrasher, each containing from 25 to 30 rooms. 
 
 Olustee — 142 miles from Quincy and 47 miles from 
 Jacksonville. Olustee is the site of the most important 
 battle fought in Florida during the late civil war. Major 
 General Trueman Seymour, with a large body of United 
 States troops, in February, 1864, marched from Jackson- 
 ville, westward, and at this place encountered the Confed- 
 erate army under Brigadier-General Joseph Finegan. A 
 desperate battle ensued, which lasted all day, and was 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 49 
 
 characterized by great bravery on both sides. General 
 Seymour was beaten, and retreated from the field, aban- 
 doning his dead and wounded to the enemy. His loss 
 was 1 200, including Colonel Fribley, of the negro troops, 
 killed. Finegans's loss was 250. The Confederate cavalry 
 pursued General Seymour as far as Baldwin, picking up 
 many prisoners. 
 
 Sanderson — 152 miles from Quincy and 37 miles 
 from Jacksonville. Telegraph Office. County seat of 
 Baker County. 
 
 Baldwin — 170 miles from Quincy and 19 miles 
 from Jacksonville. Telegraph Office. Junction with the 
 Florida Railroad, connecting with Fernandina and the 
 Atlantic Ocean on the north, and Cedar Keys and the 
 Gulf of Mexico, on the south. (See article on the Florida 
 Railroad.) The telegraph line to Cuba branches off at 
 this station. 
 
 White House — 178 miles from Quincy and 11 
 miles from Jacksonville. 
 
 Jacksonville — 189 miles from Quincy. Termi- 
 nus of the J. P. & M. Railroad. Telegraph Office. Boats 
 for all points on the St. Johns River, and connecting with 
 the St. Augustine Railroad at Tocoi, are taken here. (See 
 article on the St. Johns River.) 
 
 From Tallahassee to St. Marks. 
 
 A branch railroad of 21 miles in length, connects Tal- 
 lahassee with the port of St. Marks, on the Gulf of 
 Mexico. 
 
 St. Marks — 21 miles from Tallahassee. Telegraph 
 Office. A small settlement. Connection is made here 
 with steamers for New Orleans, Pensacola, Apalachicola, 
 Cedar Keys, Key West and Havana. 
 
50 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 From Fernandina, via Baldwin, to Cedar Keys, 
 by the Florida Railroad. 
 
 The Florida Railroad stretches across the State, from 
 the city of Fernandina in the extreme north-east, to Cedar 
 Keys on the Gulf of Mexico, 154 miles south-west; thus 
 connecting the waters of the Gulf and the Atlantic with 
 an iron link. The road is well built and comfortable, and 
 passes through some of the most picturesque parts of 
 Florida. Through trains leaving daily from either termi- 
 nus make the passage in twelve hours. 
 
 The following are the stations on this route : 
 Fernandina — Telegraph Office. An old but 
 thriving city ; situated on the inner or western shore of 
 Amelia Island, and at the mouth of the Amelia River, 
 which divides it from the main land, and forms, with Cum- 
 berland Sound, one of the best and safest seaports on the 
 Atlantic coast, south of the Virginia capes. The city was 
 built by the Spaniards. For many years it languished, 
 but the completion of the railroad connection with the 
 Gulf of Mexico gave it a new start, and it is now one of 
 the most promising cities in the South. The population is 
 about 2500. The harbor of Fernandina is so capacious, 
 that, during the war of 181 2, when the town was Spanish 
 and neutral, more than three hundred square-rigged 
 vessels were congregated together in its waters at one 
 time. The harbor is land-locked, aud indeed can hold 
 immense fleets in safety from the raging gales of the Atlan- 
 tic outside. Vessels drawing 19 or 20 feet can cross the 
 bar at high tide, while vessels of the deepest draught can 
 unload at the wharves. 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 51 
 
 The lumber interest in this city is very considerable and 
 is increasing. There are four large saw mills in operation, 
 and others are contemplated. English capital has lately 
 started a large cotton-ginning establishment, and a cotton- 
 seed oil manufactory. In the vicinity are numerous sugar, 
 cotton and orange plantations, mostly of a moderate size. 
 It is to the market gardener that the neighborhood of Fer- 
 nandina offers the greatest inducements. Vegetables can 
 be raised, particularly in the winter season, so much earlier 
 than at the North, that they are a very profitable article of 
 shipment to New York. 
 
 Fernandina has seven churches, one Episcopal, one 
 Presbyterian, two Methodist, two Baptist and one Roman 
 Catholic. It is the seat of the Episcopal Bishoprick of 
 Florida. A large and flourishing academy for young 
 ladies is under the charge of the Bishop. There are two 
 newspapers published in the city, the Island City and the 
 Sunny South. The hotels are the Norwood House, J. R. 
 Pearson, proprietor; the Virginia House, J. M. Payne, 
 proprietor ; and the Florida House, Thomas Leddy, pro- 
 prietor. The rates per day are from $2.00 to $3.50, but 
 at these and numerous boarding houses, liberal terms can 
 be made by the week or month. The healthfulness of 
 Fernandina cannot^ be surpassed in the south. The cool 
 sea breeze in summer makes it a delightful residence, while 
 the general mildness of the climate in winter renders it 
 equally attractive. 
 
 Direct communication is had with all the principal 
 railroad points in Florida and seaports to the northward ; 
 and a new railroad is contemplated from Fernandina to 
 Jacksonville, which will lessen the traveling distance be- 
 tween that place and Savannah. Besides its pleasant 
 climate, Fernandina has, in its neighborhood, some places 
 of historical interest and natural beauty, which make it 
 
52 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 
 
 attractive to visitors. The magnificent sea beach affords 
 at low water a drive of eighteen miles on a road as smooth 
 and hard as the bed of a billiard table. An interesting 
 excursion is to Dungeness, — miles distant ; the seat of 
 the illustrious General Nathaniel Greene of Revolutionary 
 memory. The estate was presented to the General by the 
 people of Georgia, in recognition of his services as com- 
 mander of the Southern provincial army during the most 
 critical period of the struggle. It consists of about 
 10,000 acres, and has been laid out with great taste and 
 care. The gardens are superb. The visitor can see here 
 how the olive flourishes in the South, making beautiful 
 groves traversed by avenues ; also avenues of live oaks, 
 those giants of the forest, hanging with the sombre though 
 graceful Spanish moss, which droops in long festoons from 
 every limb. On the beach, about half a mile from the 
 Dungeness mansion, may be seen the grave of General 
 Henry Lee, of Virginia, the famous " Light Horse Harry" 
 of the Revolution. He died at this place in March, 181 8, 
 aged 6$ years. A headstone, erected by his son, General 
 Robert E. Lee, the Commander-in-chief of the Confed- 
 erate armies, marks the spot where the hero is buried. 
 
 Hart's Road — 12 miles from Fernandina, 142 
 miles from Cedar Keys. Wood station. 
 
 Callahan — 27 miles from Fernandina, 127 from 
 Cedar Keys; small station ; population, 20 to 25. There 
 is a missionary Baptist church here, and another church 
 (colored) being erected. The station is situated on an 
 extensive marl bed, and is surrounded by a valuable forest 
 of yellow pine, cypress, live oak, white oak, &c. Travel- 
 ers who have a curiosity to see live rattlesnakes can gratify 
 it in the woods hereabouts. 
 
 Raid Win — Telegraph Office. 47 miles from Fer- 
 nandina, 107 miles from Cedar Keys. The junction with 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 53 
 
 the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Florida Railroad. The 
 City of Jacksonville is only 20 miles distant. Population 
 of this settlement, about 150. It contains two hotels, the 
 Baldwin House and the Florida House, which have 
 accommodations for 100 guests. Charges, $4.00 per 
 diem. 
 
 Trail Ridge — 62 miles from Fernandina, 92 miles 
 from Cedar Keys. 
 
 Starke — 73 miles from Fernandina, 81 miles from 
 Cedar Keys. Population, 250. There is a church in the 
 village, and three within the distance of a mile, all Meth- 
 odist. No hotel, but a good boarding house, kept by Mrs. 
 T. B. Hoyt, who charges $1.50 per day or $25 per month. 
 There are a number of lakes from two and a-half to ten 
 miles distant, some of them large with very clear water. 
 Game is scarce, but fresh water fish abound in the lakes. 
 This part of Florida is principally inhabited by small far- 
 mers, who cultivate the sea island cotton, corn, sugar cane, 
 sweet oranges, peaches and a variety of garden pro- 
 ductions. 
 
 Waldo — 84 miles from Fernandina and 70 miles from 
 Cedar Keys. Junction of the railroad now being con- 
 structed to Tampa Bay. Population, about 125. Has 
 two Baptist and one Methodist churches. No hotel, but 
 board can be obtained in private families, at from $15,00 
 to $20.00 per month. The village has two mills for gin- 
 ning cotton. Santa Fe Lake is about two miles distant. 
 It is about nine miles long and four wide, and affords 
 excellent facilities for boating and fishing. About six 
 miles from Waldo there is a natnral sink in the land cover- 
 ing about two acres. A stream runs into it continually, 
 and yet there is no visible outlet. The Santa Fe River 
 disappears several miles from the village, and flows under 
 ground, thus forming a natural bridge. The lakes and 
 
54 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 creeks here about are filled with trout and perch, and the 
 woods with deer, ducks, quails, etc. This neighborhood 
 is remarkable for its healthfulness. - The only local dis- 
 ease is the malarial fever, which prevails during the later 
 months of summer, but which is in a mild form and easily 
 controlled by remedies. The climate is peculiarly adapted 
 to sufferers from diseases of the lungs, the air being dry 
 and pleasant. 
 
 Gainesville — 96 miles from Fernandina, 55 miles 
 from Cedar Keys. Telegraph Office. The largest and 
 most important station on the Florida Railroad, and a 
 favorite resort for invalids. County seat of Alachua 
 County. Population, 1500. The town contains Presbyte- 
 rian, Baptist, Methodist and Episcopalian churches, three 
 flourishing academies, two newspapers, the Independent, 
 republican, and the New Era, conservative, and three 
 hotels with good accommodations. The latter are : Oak 
 Hall, Colonel Lemuel Wilson, proprietor; Exchange 
 Hotel, P. Shemwell, proprietor; Beville House, Mrs. S. 
 P. Beville; board, $2.00 to $3.00 per day, or $25.00 to 
 $30.00 per month. There are two livery stables, affording 
 ample means for conveyance into the interior and to the 
 natural curiosities with which the vicinity abounds. The 
 Alachua, a body of water, termed in Florida, a "sink," 
 is the recipient of several streams, with a subterranean 
 passage to the ocean. It is filled with alligators and all 
 kinds of fish, and the surrounding scenery is very charm- 
 ing and romantic. In Alachua County there is a large 
 and beautiful prairie, twenty miles long and five miles 
 wide. The county is the largest in the State, with a pop- 
 ulation of 20,000. There are twenty-eight public schools. 
 A tri-weekly mail line starts from Gainesville for Tampa 
 on the Gulf. Passengers are taken. There is plenty of 
 game in the woods. Oranges, lemons, limes, grapes, 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 55 
 
 bananas and peaches thrive here. Peach trees sometimes 
 bear at the age of fifteen months, a thing unknown in any 
 other section of the Union. Garden truck is raised in 
 abundance for the Northern markets. Immigrants are 
 welcomed. Land from 75 cents to $50.00 per acre. New- 
 mansville and Micanopy are important towns in the county, 
 which have stage connections with Gainesville. 
 
 Archer — 113 miles from Fernandina, and 41 miles 
 from Cedar Keys. The Suwanee River is distant about 
 25 miles. Population, 200. No hotels, but travelers are 
 accommodated at the houses of Joseph S. McDonell and 
 Mrs. Young. There are three Methodist and one Baptist 
 churches. Hereabouts are magnificent pine forests and 
 beautiful prairie views. 
 
 BroiISOBl — 122 miles from Fernandina, and 32 miles 
 from Cedar Keys. A new place, settled mostly since 
 the war. Population about 100. It is the county seat of 
 Levy County. There is one church (Methodist), and a 
 hotel of limited capacity, the Jackson House, but the fare 
 is excellent. Board can be obtained in private families at 
 about $1.00 per day. Twelve miles from the village is an 
 inexhaustible bed of iron ore, which has not yet been 
 worked. The railroad here passes through some of the 
 finest land in the State, the Gulf hummock, adapted for 
 the culture of sugar cane, cotton, corn, &c. In the 
 neighboring creeks, besides many varieties of fish, theie 
 are an abundance of soft-shell turtles, which, when prop- 
 erly prepared, make a very savory and delicious dish. 
 
 Otter Creek — 135 miles from Fernandina, 19 miles 
 from Cedar Keys. 
 
 Palmetto — 144 miles from Fernandina, 10 miles 
 from Cedar Keys. 
 
 Cedar Keys — 154 miles from Fernandina, 126 miles 
 from Jacksonville. The Gulf of Mexico terminus of the 
 
56 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 Florida Railroad. Regular packet steamers connect here 
 with New Orleans, Mobile, Pensacola, Key West and 
 Havana. Population, 400. There is a hotel, with fair 
 accommodation, the Exchange, kept by Joseph Maxwell ; 
 fare, $3.00 per day. The Suwanee River enters the Gulf 
 eighteen miles west of Cedar Keys, and the Withla- 
 cooche, eighteen miles south. The former is navigable to 
 Ellaville. Cedar Keys is situated on a fine, large bay, 
 which affords excellent facilities for bathing, boating and 
 fishing. 
 
 The New Orleans, Florida and Havana Steamship Com- 
 pany dispatch one of the steamers, Havana, Margaret and 
 Florida, every Saturday morning for Havana, New Or- 
 leans and Key West. Passengers desiring to go by these 
 steamers should be in Cedar Keys on Friday night. 
 
 Tmb St. J@mw& Mirmm. 
 
 This grand water-course of Eastern Florida, has its 
 source in the springs and swamps of the southern extremity 
 of the peninsula, and flowing northward, for a distance of 
 four hundred miles, turns abruptly eastward in the neigh- 
 borhood of Jacksonville, and empties into the Atlantic 
 Ocean. Its whole course lies through an extremely level 
 region. For one hundred and fifty miles it has an average 
 width of more than one and a-half miles, and is said to 
 carry a volume of water much larger than does the Rio 
 Grande, which is one thousand miles long. In some 
 places it expands to a width of six miles, nor does it con- 
 tract at any point to less than a mile, below Lake George. 
 
 Many of the tributaries of the St. Johns are navigable 
 to quite a distance by steamboats, and it is believed that 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 57 
 
 this river and its navigable branches give one thousand miles 
 of water transportation. The river scenery is not only 
 beautiful, but to the stranger's eye, has the additional 
 charm of novelty. The luxuriance of the tropical vegeta- 
 tion, the pretty villages nestling amid magnificent shade 
 trees or orange groves along the banks, and the broad, 
 placid waters through which the steamer ploughs its way, 
 combine to make a picture of surpassing loveliness. 
 
 The banks of the St. Johns are the principal attraction 
 to the invalids coming to Florida in search of a balmy 
 climate, change of scene and pleasant surroundings. 
 Thousands of visitors from the North are scattered among 
 its towns and villages every winter. The means of access 
 are easy and comfortable. Large steamers ascend as far 
 as Palatka, from which smaller steamers continue the tour- 
 ist's journey on the St. Johns to Lake Monroe, and on the 
 Oclawaha River to Silver Springs, and the interior lake 
 country. The regular packets from Jacksonville are the 
 Florence, which runs to Palatka, 75 miles and back, every 
 day; and the steamers Darlington and Hattie, a semi- 
 weekly line to Enterprise, a distance of 205 miles, 
 Mr. John Clark, on Clark's wharf, Jacksonville, is the 
 courteous and enterprising agent. The local fares on 
 Brock's line of steamboats, from Jacksonville to Green 
 Cove Springs and intermediate landings, are $1.00 ; from 
 Jacksonville to landings between Green Cove Springs and 
 Palatka, $2.00. Meals, $1. 00 each extra. From Jackson- 
 ville to Mellonville and Enterprise, including meals and 
 staterooms, $9.00; and from Palatka to Mellonville and 
 Enterprise, including meals and staterooms, $6.00. The 
 through trip from Jacksonville to Enterprise, including 
 time of stoppages, consumes 36 hours. 
 
 The following are brief notices of the principal points 
 on the river : 
 
53 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 Jacksonville — County -seat of Duval County. 
 Telegraph Office. The commercial emporium of East 
 Florida, and the largest city on the Atlantic coast of the 
 United States south of Savannah ; is a place of about 
 13,000 inhabitants. It is situated on the western bank of 
 the St. Johns river, 25 miles from its mouth. The city is 
 regularly incorporated, having a Mayor and Board of 
 Aldermen, and is the seat of the United States District 
 Court, and of the Federal Customs and Internal Revenue 
 Offices. There are twelve churches within its limits: 
 Three being Baptist, three Methodist, two Episcopalian, 
 two Presbyterian, one Roman Catholic and one Second 
 Adventist. Banking facilities are offered at the Banking 
 Houses of D. G. Ambler and Denny & Brown, both on 
 Bay street. There is a Freedman's Saving Bank situated 
 on the corner of Ocean and Bay streets. The leading 
 hotels are the St. James, a large and commodious house, 
 kept by Wilder & Co.; the Metropolitan, by Bettelini & 
 Togni ; the Price House, by A. P. Holbrook; the St. Johns, 
 by Mrs. Hudnall ; the Rochester, by J. B. Jamison ; the 
 Magnolia, the Ocean, the Stickney and the New England. 
 There are besides nearly one hundred boarding houses^ 
 many of them first-class and equal to the best hotels for 
 comfort and desirableness of location. Price of board 
 ranges from $10.00 to $25.00 per week at the hotels. 
 Pleasant furnished rooms in private houses can be had for 
 from $4.00 to $6.00 per week, which includes lights, fuel 
 and attendance ; and board, without rooms, at the hotels, 
 is $11.00 per week. It can be obtained for less at the 
 boarding houses. Unfurnished cottages can be had from 
 $20.00 to $30.00 per month; washing is extra, and costs 
 about $1.00 per dozen. 
 
 Jacksonville takes its name from General Andrew Jack- 
 son. It is regularly laid out, the streets crossing each 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 59 
 
 other at right angles and being adorned with handsome 
 shade trees. Bay street is the principal business thorough- 
 fare. On the northwestern side of the city is a picturesque 
 bluff, covered with fine residences, called " La Villa." A 
 charming view up the river can be obtained here. The 
 suburban villages of Riverside, Reed's Landing, South 
 Shore and Alexandria are connected with the city by the 
 ferryboat Fanny Fern, which makes several trips daily. 
 The commerce of Jacksonville is large, the wharves being 
 well crowded with shipping, and arrivals and departures 
 for all parts of the world being constant. The largest 
 business interest is the cutting and shipping of lumber. 
 There are a number of large saw mills in the city, and the 
 shipments last year aggregated as much as 50,000,000 feet. 
 The cotton, sugar, fruit, fish and early vegetable crops of 
 Florida also pass through Jacksonville for distribution at 
 the North and at foreign ports. By the Jacksonville, Pen- 
 sacola'and Mobile Railroad, rapid communication by land 
 is had with Savannah and Fernandina in the North, Tal- 
 lahassee and St. Marks in the West, and Cedar Keys on 
 the Gulf of Mexico in the South. There is telegraphic 
 communication with all parts of the United States. Two 
 newspapers are printed in Jacksonville, the Courier, con- 
 servative, and the Union, republican, both tri-weeklies. 
 
 Mulberry Grove — The first landing-place after 
 leaving Jacksonville, 1 2 miles distant, on the west bank. 
 A beautiful grove. 
 
 Hfa.ncla.risi — 15 miles from Jacksonville, on the 
 east bank, a village of 200 inhabitants, one of the old- 
 est settlements on the river ; has several stores and two or 
 three fine orange groves. This place is of interest to 
 Northern visitors as being the winter residence of Mrs. 
 Harriet Beecher Stowe. Her house is near the bank, a 
 few rods to the left of the shore end of the pier. It is a 
 
60 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 moderate-sized cottage of dark brown color. The most 
 conspicuous feature of her place are some towering water- 
 oaks. She owns about 40 acres of land, three or four of 
 which are planted with orange trees. 
 
 H i be i* ilia — 23 miles from Jacksonville, on the west 
 bank. This is quite a resort for invalids. Mrs. Fleming 
 has a large, commodious house, which will accommodate 
 about forty boarders and is one of the first to fill up. 
 
 Magnolia — 27 miles from Jacksonville, on the west 
 bank; a beautiful place, with a fine hotel kept by Messrs. 
 Rogers and Adams. With the contiguous cottages about 80 
 guests can be accommodated. Near by is Magnolia Point, 
 one of the highest points of land extending into the river 
 between Jacksonville and Palatka. A short distance north 
 of Magnolia Point a navigable stream, called Black Creek, 
 empties into the St. Johns. Small steamers from Jackson- 
 ville make weekly trips up Black Creek as far as Middle- 
 burg. Large quantities of lumber are floated down this 
 stream to a market. The banks abound with alligators. 
 
 Green Cove Springs — 30 miles from Jackson- 
 ville, on the west bank ; one of the most popular resorts on 
 the river. The Union House, kept by Remington and 
 Reed, will accommodate comfortably about fifty guests. 
 There are other hotels and several good boarding houses. 
 Rates at the hotels, $3.00 per day; at the boarding houses, 
 per week, $10 to #15. One of the attractions at this place 
 is the Spring, which is held in high esteem for its health- 
 giving qualities. The water has a temperature of about 75 
 degrees ; is as clear as crystal and has a slight sulphurous 
 taste, not unpleasant. Facilities are afforded to both sexes 
 for bathing at the Spring. Green Cove promises to be- 
 come in time a flourishing and populous village. £ * 
 
 Hogarth's "Wharf— 35 miles from Jacksonville, 
 on the east bank ; a post-office and wood landing. 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 61 
 
 Picolata — 45 miles from Jacksonville, on the east 
 bank. This small settlement is the site of an ancient 
 Spanish city, of which scarce one vestige remains. Two 
 centuries ago, it was the main depot of supply for the 
 Spanish plantations of the up country, and through it, was 
 shipped to St. Augustine and abroad, such products as the 
 settlers raised. The Franciscan monks erected a splendid 
 church here and some religious houses for their order. 
 Opposite Picolata, on the western bank, are the remains of 
 a great earthwork fort belonging to the Spanish era. 
 
 Tocoi — 5 7 miles from Jacksonville, on the east bank. 
 The depot of the St. Augustine Railroad. The distance 
 to St. Augustine is 15 miles, and trains connecting with 
 the river boats run through in 4 hours. 
 
 Federal Point — 63 miles from Jacksonville, on the 
 east bank. Wood station. 
 
 Orange Mills — 66 miles from Jacksonville, on the 
 east bank. There are several fine orange groves at this 
 landing. 
 
 JDancey's Place — 67 miles from Jacksonville. A 
 post-office and orange grove. The plantation of Colonel 
 Dancey is here. 
 
 Palatka — 75 miles from Jacksonville, on the west 
 bank. The largest town on the St. Johns River after 
 leaving Jacksonville. Population, about 1000. It occupies 
 an elevated site above the river, and extends about half 
 a mile along the banks. As Palatka has a thriving back 
 country to support it, there are many stores and a flourish- 
 ing business doing. A telegraph line will be in operation 
 about the first of December, connecting this thriving town 
 with all points of the United States. A newspaper is pub- 
 lished here. There are two good hotels, the Putnam 
 House, kept by Geo. McGinley, formerly of Scriven 
 House, Savannah ; and the St. Johns, by P. & H. Peter- 
 
62 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 man. This place is steamboat headquarters for the Upper 
 St. Johns and its tributaries. The steamers Florence, 
 Darlington and Hattie, en route to Enterprise, lie over 
 one night at Palatka, to discharge and receive freight ; 
 giving passengers an opportunity to spend a few hours on 
 shore if they desire. Steamers run from Palatka to Dunn's 
 Lake, and also up the Ocklawaha River to Silver Spring, 
 Ocala, and the head of navigation, a distance of 180 
 miles. Opposite to Palatka, on the eastern bank, is a 
 handsome orange grove of 500 trees. It is kept -in excel- 
 lent order and is worth visiting. The St. Johns becomes 
 narrower at this point. 
 
 Wclaka — 95 miles from Jacksonville and 20 miles 
 from Palatka, on the east bank, is the site first, of an old 
 Indian village, and afterwards, of a flourishing Spanish 
 settlement. It is near the entrance to Dunn's Lake, and 
 also to the Ocklawaha River. The scenery along the 
 Ocklawaha is very wild and picturesque, and is much ad- 
 mired by tourists. There are some magnificent planta- 
 tions on the banks, and large quantities of cotton and 
 sugar are raised. Silver Spring is a basin of beautiful, 
 clear and deep water. This the site of a Seminole village 
 of 600 inhabitants. 
 
 Lake George — After leaving Welaka, the river 
 widens into Little Lake George, four miles wide and seven 
 miles long, and then into Big Lake George, one of the 
 loveliest sheets of water in the world ; twelve miles wide 
 and eighteen miles long. It is dotted with pretty islands, 
 one of them called Rembrandt, being seventeen hundred 
 acres in extent, and having one of the largest orange 
 groves on the river. The banks of Lake George are musi- 
 cal with the song and brilliant with the plumage of the 
 Southern birds. Flocks of herons, the white curlew, the 
 crane, the pelican, the loon and the paroquet may be 
 seen. The latter can be bought of the negroes. 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 6 S 
 
 Volusia — 5 miles from Lake George, and 65 miles 
 from Palatka, on the east bank; a wood station, with a 
 considerable settlement back from the river. This is the 
 site of another ancient Spanish city, wiped out by the 
 wars of the past, so that not a trace remains. It was the 
 principal point on the line of travel between St. Augus- 
 tine and the Musquito Inlet country. The-modern village 
 was settled in 181 8. During the Seminole war a fort was 
 built here, and from this post General Eustis, in command 
 of the left wing of the army, composed mostly of regu- 
 lars and drafted three months' men from South Carolina 
 and Georgia, set out to cross the country to the Withla- 
 coochee, to join General Scott. After a brief and fruit- 
 less campaign of three months, General Scott and his 
 army recrossed the river at Volusia on their way to St. Au- 
 gustine. 
 
 Means can be had at Volusia to get to New Smyrna and 
 Indian River on the coast; a famous country for the 
 hunter. New Smyrna is celebrated as the spot settled by 
 Dr. Turnbull and his colony of 1500 Minorcans, in the 
 year 1767. Turnbull' s wife being a native of Smyrna, in 
 Greece, the settlement was named New Smyrna. The 
 crop cultivated by Turnbull was indigo, of which he 
 raised thousands of dollars' worth annually. These col- 
 onists not being dealt with according to contract, all 
 abandoned the settlement and located in and near St. 
 Augustine, where their descendants now reside. The only 
 permanent monument left by Turnbull is a large canal, 
 draining the swamp that bears his name into the Hillsboro' 
 River at New Smyrna. 
 
 Orange Grove- 3 miles from Lake George. 
 Wood landing. 
 
 Ha wkiiisrille— 5 miles from Lake George. Wood 
 landing. 
 
64 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 Blue Spring — 15 miles from Lake George. Wood 
 landing. Near here is one of the largest springs in the 
 State. The water boils up from a bottom eighty feet wide, 
 and forms a considerable river. The spring is several hun- 
 dred yards from the St. Johns, but the stream flowing from 
 the spring is large enough, at its confluence at the river, 
 for the steamers to float in it. It is a most interesting 
 sight to look over the side of the steamer, into the crystal- 
 clear water, and observe the every-day life of the shoals of 
 fish below, as they flit here and there, seeking a living, 
 making love to and war on each other, quite unconscious of 
 the lookers-on in the element over their heads. It is a 
 capital place for a naturalist to observe the ordinary habits 
 of aquatic animals. 
 
 Mellonville — 125 miles from Palatka, and 200 
 miles from Jacksonville ; on the west bank of Lake Mon- 
 roe. One of the most important landings on the Upper 
 St. Johns. It was formerly the site of Fort Mellon, built 
 during the Indian War. There are two hotels here : One 
 kept by Evans & Martin, and the other, the Orange House, 
 by J. N. Whitner. There is a flourishing back 'country, 
 and several stores do a good business. The orange groves 
 in the neighborhood are handsome and productive. Lake 
 Monroe, upon which Mellonville is situated, is twelve 
 miles long and five miles wide. It is crowded with fish of 
 many varieties, and the opportunities for rare sport to the 
 angler, are unsurpassed. Wild fowls are likewise abun- 
 dant. 
 
 Enterprise — Almost directly opposite Mellonville, 
 on the east bank of Lake Monroe; is 130 miles from 
 Palatka and 205 miles from Jacksonville, and the head of 
 regular steamboat navigation. Here is one of the best 
 and most popular hotels on the river, the Brock House ; a 
 large comfortable building, capable of entertaining one 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 65 
 
 hundred guests. It is usually crowded during the winter. 
 Attached to it are a billiard saloon and a ten-pin alley. 
 The rates for board rank from $12.00 to $20 00 per week, 
 according to rooms. The Green Spring, at Old Enter- 
 prise, about a mile from the Brock House, is worth a 
 visit, as well as the orange groves in the vicinity. The 
 Spring is of a delicate green color and quite transparent. 
 It is nearly eighty feet in diameter, and fully one hundred 
 feet deep. The waters are sulphurous, and no fish live in 
 them. Enterprise is the great headquarters for the sports- 
 man. Fishing and hunting expeditions are fitted out here 
 for the upper lakes and the Indian River country. Horses 
 and boats are kept on hire, and during the winter a small 
 steamboat makes frequent excursions to Lakes Jessup and 
 Harney, taking parties who wish to enjoy the ravishing 
 scenery and indulge in that novel and exciting sport, 
 alligator shooting. The run up to Lake Harney and back, 
 can be made in a day. Lake Jessup, which is in the 
 neighborhood of Lake Harney, is seventeen miles long by 
 five miles wide, and is so shallow, that it cannot be en- 
 tered by a boat drawing over three feet of water. The 
 St. John's River has its rise in the Everglades, fully 120 
 miles further south than Enterprise, but tourists do not 
 usually ascend beyond Lake Harney, twelve miles from 
 Enterprise. The climate in this locality is perceptibly 
 milder than below. The winter resembles very much the 
 months of May and June at the North, though without 
 their occasional scorching heat. 
 
 The Southern Inland Navigation and Improvement 
 Company have contracted to deepen the waters of the 
 St. Johns, from Enterprise, as far as Lake Washington. 
 This much-needed improvement will give inland commu- 
 nication with Indian River, Sand Point, Mosquito Inlet, 
 Indian River Inlet, Susannah, Jupiter Inlet, and the capes, 
 
66 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 and opens up the entire south-east coast of Florida to the 
 extremity of the Peninsula. To the tourist in search of 
 adventure, this section of the State presents a magnificent 
 field. The Indian River is perfectly alive with every vari- 
 ety of fish that inhabit the Southern waters, and the woods 
 abound in game of every description. 
 
 Since the completion of the railroad from St. Augustine 
 to Tocoi, on the St. Johns River, access to this picturesque 
 and beautiful old Spanish town has been easy, pleasant and 
 rapid. The regular packet steamers up the St. Johns 
 River leave Jacksonville at eight and nine o'clock a. m., 
 daily, Sundays excepted ; and connect at Tocoi (57 miles 
 from Jacksonville) with the St. Augustine Railroad. The 
 train leaves Tocoi at two o'clock p. m., and is due at St. 
 
 Augustine at . The distance between Tocoi and St. 
 
 Augustine is fifteen miles. Through fare from Jack- 
 sonville, by the steamers Florence, Darlington and Hattie, 
 $3.00. Meals and staterooms, $1.00 extra. 
 
 St. Augustine, the most ancient town in North America, 
 is situated on a peninsula nearly surrounded by the St. 
 Sebastian River and St. Augustine Bay. The population 
 is 3500 souls, mostly of Spanish and Minorcan descent. 
 Across the Bay is Anastasia Island. The town was 
 founded by Menendez, the Spanish Governor of Florida, 
 in 1565, which was forty- three years before the settlement 
 of Jamestown, in Virginia, and fifty-five years before the 
 landing of the Pilgrims on Plymouth Rock. St. Augus- 
 tine has had an eventful history. First, it was laid waste 
 by the French, under De Gourgues ; in 1580, it was 
 attacked and plundered by the English, under Sir Francis 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 67 
 
 Drake. In 161 1, it was pillaged by the Indians. In 1665, 
 the English buccaneer, Davis, sacked it, after the inhabi- 
 tants had taken refuge in the fort. In 1702, Governor 
 Moore, of the English Colony of South Carolina, invaded 
 Florida, and attacked the city, but was baffled by the fort. 
 In 1 71 2, the inhabitants suffered from a famine in conse- 
 quence of the non-arrival of supply ships from Spain. In 
 1725, the Georgians, under Colonel Palmer, were beaten 
 off. In 1740, General Oglethorpe, the Governor of Geor- 
 gia, laid regular siege to the place, planting his batteries 
 on Anastasia Island and bombarding the fort for thirty-eight 
 days. He failed to force the Spaniards to surrender, and 
 retired. The city passed into British possession, by 
 treaty, in 1763, and held a British garrison during our 
 Revolutionary war. In 1784, it was re-ceded to Spain, 
 and in 1819 transferred to the United States. During the 
 late war between the States, it changed masters three 
 times. 
 
 The following is a brief summary of the principal 
 places of business and of interest to visitors in St. 
 
 Augustine. 
 
 Hotels. — The St. Augustine Hotel, which has just 
 been finished, is a large, commodious building, and has 
 first-rate accommodations. Price of board and lodging 
 per day, $3.50. Per month, at lower rates. Florida House. 
 Magnolia House, kept by Mrs. Bufnngton, and a number 
 of good boarding houses. St. Augustine has telegraphic 
 communication with Jacksonville. 
 
 Old Town Wall— Built by the Spaniards two 
 centuries ago. It protected the town on its northern side, 
 and extended across the peninsula from shore to shore. 
 The gateway of the old wall still stands, and is a pictur-- 
 
68 
 
 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 esque and imposing ruin, with ornamented lofty towers 
 and loop-holed sentry-boxes. The ditch is clearly 
 marked. 
 
 Fort Marion — The old Spanish fort once called 
 San Juan. It was begun in 1620, and built principally by 
 the forced labor of Indian slaves who toiled on it for one 
 hundred years. It stands on the sea front, at the upper 
 
 Harper Bros. 
 
 Interior of Fort Marion. 
 
 end of the town, and its material is almost wholly the 
 Coquina rock, quarried on Anastasia Island. " Its castel- 
 lated battlements/' says Rev. Mr. Trumbull, "its formid- 
 able bastions with their frowning guns, its lofty and im- 
 posing sally-port surrounded by the Spanish arms, its port- 
 cullis, moat, drawbridge, its circular and ornate sentry- 
 boxes, its commanding outlook tower, and its stained and 
 moss-grown massive walls — impress the external observer 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 69 
 
 as a relic of the distant past ; while a ramble through its 
 heavy casemates, its crumbling Roman chapel, with elab- 
 orate portico and inner altar and holy- water niches, its 
 dark passages, gloomy vaults, and more recently-discovered 
 dungeons, bring you ready credence of its many tradi- 
 tions of inquisitorial tortures." A visit to the fort by 
 moonlight also is recommended. 
 
 Cathedral.— The old Catholic cathedral, with its 
 quaint Moorish belfry, its chime of four bells in separate 
 niches, and its clock, together forming a cross, and its 
 antique interior, is one of the most interesting objects in 
 St. Augustine. The oldest of the bells is marked 1682. 
 The bells, instead of being rung, are beaten with sticks, 
 after the Spanish-American fashion. 
 
 Other Churches. — The Episcopalians have a neat 
 chapel on the Plaza. There are also Methodist, Baptist 
 and Presbyterian churches in the city. A fine pub- 
 lic square in the centre of the city is called the " Plaza de 
 la Constitution. ' ' On it stands the ancient markets, and 
 it is faced by the cathedral, the old palace, the convent, 
 and the Episcopal church. In the middle is a monument 
 erected in honor of the Spanish Liberal Constitution. 
 Effigies of John Hancock and Samuel Adams were burned 
 on this spot by the British troops early in the Revolution. 
 The Plaza is a very pleasant resort for idlers, who will find 
 a firm, green turf for lounging, benches and shade trees. 
 The visit by moonlight is enchanting. 
 
 The Palace, or old Government house of the Span- 
 ish era, on the Plaza, is now used as the post-office and 
 United States Court Rooms. 
 
 Barracks — occupied by United States troops, said 
 to have once been a monastery or convent. 
 
70 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 Convents. — There are two, the old Spanish convent 
 of St. Mary's, an interesting building, and the new con? 
 vent, a tasteful edifice built of Coquina. 
 
 Cemeteries. — The old Huguenot burying-ground is 
 a place of much interest. In the military burying-ground, 
 under three pyramids of Coquina, stuccoed and whitened, 
 are the ashes of Major Dade and 107 men of his command, 
 who were massacred by Osceola and his band. 
 
 Sea- Wall. — A fine sea-wall of nearly a mile in 
 length, built of Coquina, with a coping of granite, pro- 
 tects the entire ocean front of the city, and affords a de- 
 lightful promenade on a moonlight evening. In full view 
 of this is the old light-house on Anastasia Island, built 
 more than a century ago, and now surmounted by a fine 
 revolving lantern. 
 
 The Bay and Anastasia Island. — Boating 
 on the bay is a favorite amusement on moonlight nights. 
 The sail by day across the bay to Anastasia Island is 
 charming. Beautiful shells of all descriptions may be 
 gathered on the beach, and sea-mosses and lichens may be 
 collected for albums. 
 
 Streets. — They are nearly all quite narrow; one, 
 which is nearly a mile long, being but fifteen feet wide. 
 Many of the houses, with high roof and dormer windows, 
 have hanging balconies along their second stories, which 
 seem almost to touch each other across the narrow street. 
 There are a number of fine modern residences in the city, 
 and the gardens and orange trees are worth seeing. 
 
 St. Augustine by moonlight.— The Hon. 
 Mrs. Yelverton writes: "Moonlight nights are the 
 glory of St. Augustine. So bright and cool, and soft and 
 balmy, few can resist the enjoyableness of a stroll, or the 
 dreamy bliss of sitting out on the veranda listening to the 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 71 
 
 echoes of the band, or the tinkling of some distant guitar, 
 dreaming over all the happiness we know ; past, present 
 or to come." 
 
 The country west of the Apalachicola River has not yet 
 been brought into railroad communication with the other 
 parts of the State. Its comparative isolation was the 
 cause of the recent movement in favor of annexing it to 
 Alabama. The extension of lines of the Jacksonville, 
 Pensacola and the Mobile Railroads, will soon remove any 
 feeling of discontent which may exist in Western Florida. 
 The following are the principal cities and towns in this 
 section of the State. 
 
 Apalachicola. — This city was formerly the seat of 
 a very considerable trade. It was the shipping port for 
 that rich cotton-growing region lying on the Chatta- 
 hoochie and Flint Rivers, which empty into the Apalachi- 
 cola River, and thus into Apalachicola Bay. The Chatta- 
 hoochee is navigable as far up as Columbus, Georgia; a 
 distance of 367 miles. The building of numerous rail- 
 roads in lower Georgia and Alabama, which tapped the 
 river line, diverted trade from this old city to Mobile and 
 Savannah. The population has decreased, but it still can 
 boast about 1000 inhabitants. Owing to its fine site there 
 is no reason why, with capital and energy, its former pros- 
 perity should not be revived. 
 
 Marian lia. — County seat of Jackson County. This 
 town is situated on the Chipola River, an affluent of the 
 Apalachicola, and navigable at certain seasons by small 
 craft to Marianna. The business of this town is ordina- 
 rily done through Bellevue and Neal's Landing, about 18 
 miles distant, on the Chattahoochee. 
 
72 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 
 
 The extension of the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile 
 Railroad will pass through Marianna, and must very much 
 increase its prosperity, already ensured by the fertility of 
 the adjacent country. 
 
 Pensacola — The principal city of Western Florida. 
 Population, 2,000. It is situated on Pensacola Bay, and 
 is enjoying a lucrative and growing trade. At the entrance 
 of the bay lies Santa Rosa Island, upon which is built Fort 
 Pickens, the scene of one of the most famous sieges of the 
 earlier years of the late war between the States. The city 
 was laid out by the English in 1763. Pensacola may be 
 reached from Jacksonville and Eastern Florida by means 
 of the railroad to St. Marks on the Gulf, and regular packet 
 steamer from St. Marks to Pensacola Bay. The Pensacola 
 and Louisville Railroad connects at Pollard with the 
 Mobile and Montgomery Railroad. 
 
 The following observations upon the future of Pensacola 
 are taken from a pamphlet issued by the " New City Com- 
 pany :" 
 
 " The City of Pensacola has natural advantages which 
 destine it to become, by rapid strides, the Chicago of the 
 South. It is situated on the north coast of the Gulf of 
 Mexico, in latitude 30 deg. 28 m. north, and longitude 87 
 deg. 22 m. west of Greenwich, only ten miles from the 
 open sea. Its thoroughly land-locked harbor covers an 
 area of over two hundred square miles, being about thirty 
 miles long, and from five to eight miles in width, having 
 unsurpassed anchorage, and a depth of from thirty to thir- 
 ty-five feet. The entrance to the harbor is about half a 
 mile wide, with an average depth on the bar of twenty-four 
 feet. The same depth is readily secured at the wharfage 
 line of the city. A laden ship of largest tonnage can ap- 
 proach the city at any time in the year, or leaving its 
 wharves can be in the open sea in an hour-and-a-half. 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 73 
 
 "The rapid development of the iron mines of Ala- 
 bama, whose natural outlet to the markets of the world is 
 the port of Pensacola, will not only contribute a consid- 
 erable quota to the commerce of this port, but will, in 
 connection with the Florida forests, furnish superior mate- 
 rial for ship-building, which, at no distant day, must rival 
 in extent the similar industry of northern ports ; the prox- 
 imity and cheapness of all material required giving build- 
 ers in this locality peculiar advantages." 
 
 Southern or Tropical Florida is, properly speaking, that 
 part of the State lying south of latitude 28 deg. north. It 
 comprises an area of 20,000 square miles, and has a pop- 
 ulation of about 9,000 inhabitants. About half of this 
 population reside on the Island of Key West and the 
 neighboring Keys and islands extending into the Gulf of 
 Mexico, and are engaged in the business of wrecking and 
 fishing. The raising of cattle upon the main-land is the 
 all-absorbing business of the inhabitants, who reside from 
 30 to 40 miles apart, and allow the cattle to graze on the 
 public domain. The herds are immense ; in Manatee 
 County alone, there are 100,000 head of cattle. 
 
 The main-land is level and divided into hummocks, pine 
 openings and prairies. The hummocks are very rich, and 
 are covered over with a dense growth of timber; consist- 
 ing of live oak, water oaks, magnolia, bay, etc. The soil 
 is sandy. The pine openings are covered with scattering 
 pines and a grass which affords fine pasturage. The prairie 
 lands occupy the interior portion of the State, bordering 
 upon the Kissimee River, the head waters of the St. Johns, 
 and the upper Caloosahatchee. They are dotted over with 
 
74 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 
 
 small clumps of hummocks, containing from one to five 
 acres each, which give beauty and variety to the scenery, 
 and afford shelter during the heat of the day to innumer- 
 able herds of deer and cattle. There are also numerous 
 small lakes of pure water, filled with fish, some of which 
 are only a few rods in extent, while others are from two to 
 ten miles in length. These prairies are the paradise of 
 the herdsmen and the hunters. 
 
 This section of Florida is capable of producing all the 
 different products of the West Indies. There is a constant 
 sea-breeze off the Gulf Stream, commencing about eight 
 o'clock, a. m., and lasting until nearly sundown. The 
 climate is very exhilarating. The thermometer averages, 
 the year round, 73 deg. and the extremes are 5 7 deg. and 
 92 deg. 
 
 A railroad is projected from Jacksonville, along the 
 St. John's River into Southern Florida. At present, the 
 means of getting to the harbors, on the extreme southern 
 coast, are by sailing vessels from Jacksonville, Key West 
 and New Orleans, or overland, by the mail carrier's con- 
 veyances from Gainesville on the Florida Railroad, and 
 Enterprise on the Upper St. John's River. 
 
 The following are some of the most notable places in 
 Southern Florida: — 
 
 Tampa Bay — On the western coast, is a noble har- 
 bor for the largest vessels, and is about 40 miles long. 
 Towards the interior it divides into two branches, called 
 Little Tampa and Hillsborough Bay. It is dotted with 
 small islands, the pleasantest of which is Egmont. In the 
 waters of Tampa Bay enormous quantities of fish and tur- 
 tles may be found. In shoal places the fish are so numer- 
 ous that they impede the passage of boats. Sea fowl are 
 exceedingly numerous ; the beautiful flamingoes, in partic- 
 ular, appear in long files drawn up on the beach, like 
 
GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 75 
 
 bands of soldiers in red uniforms. The village of Tampa 
 has regular mail communieation with Gainesville, and 
 passengers avail themselves of the mail wagon for transit. 
 A railroad is projected to Waldo, on the Cedar Keys and 
 Fernandina Railroad ; when it is completed, Tampa will 
 become one of the most important ports on the Gulf. 
 
 Charlotte Harbor, or Boca Grande, on the west- 
 ern coast, south of Tampa Bay. It is about 25 miles long, 
 and eight to ten miles wide, and is sheltered from the sea 
 by several islands. The entrance between Boca Grande 
 Key and Gasperillo is six fathoms deep and three-quarters 
 of a mile wide. 
 
 The fisheries in and around Charlotte Harbor are very 
 valuable, and may be made more so. Probably a thousand 
 persons could find profitable employment. The fish are 
 caught with seines. The finest oysters on the coast are 
 gathered here. 
 
 Alpativkee Swamp, upon the head waters of 
 the St. Lucie River, is the only swamp of any magnitude 
 in Tropical Florida. 
 
 Indian River is a vast lagoon along the Atlantic 
 coast of Florida, extending a distance of nearly 100 miles. 
 In some places it is four miles wide, and in others, not 
 more than fifty yards wide. The Indian River country is 
 filled with game, and is a celebrated resort of the sportsman. 
 
 Lake Okee-CllO-bee — A large, wild, solitary lake, 
 near the everglades. Its length is twenty miles. 
 
 The Everglades— Situated almost in the southern 
 extremity of the peninsula, is a vast shallow lake, over- 
 grown with grass, pond lilies and other aquatic plants, in- 
 terspersed with innumerable small islands, of from one to 
 one hundred acres each. These islands are principally 
 hummock lands, covered over with a growth of live and 
 water-oaks and cocoa plums, with an undergrowth of 
 
7 6 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 morning-glories, grapes and other vines, and are extremely 
 fertile. The water is from four inches to four feet deep, 
 and is very clear and pure. In many places are channels 
 and sinks where the water is from ten to fifty feet deep ; 
 these holes are well supplied with fish, of which the trout 
 is the most desirable. Alligators and turtle are abundant, 
 and panthers, wild-cats, and bears are quite numerous. 
 
 Flowers of the sweetest fragance, and of every hue and 
 color, greet the eye. The border and outer margin of the 
 Everglades is prairie, of from one-fourth to one mile in 
 breadth, and comprises some of the finest and richest land 
 in America, having once been a portion of the Everglades, 
 and formed by the receding of the waters. During the 
 Indian war the Everglades were the last retreat of the Semi- 
 noles, and it was with the utmost difficulty that the gov- 
 ernment dislodged them, so well adapted were the almost 
 hidden islands for defence and concealment. 
 
 Biscayne Bay — At the end of the peninsula, and 
 emptying into Barnes' Sound and Florida Bay, is an ex- 
 cellent harbor for all vessels drawing less than ten feet of 
 water. It can be entered at all times. Great quantities of 
 turtle and sponges of the finest variety are secured here. 
 The sponges and turtle taken from these waters are valued 
 at $100,000 per annum. Lieutenant Governor Gleason 
 says of the Biscayne Bay country : " The pure water, the 
 chalybeate and other mineral springs, the magnificent 
 beauty of its scenery, the salubrity and equability of its 
 climate, must make Biscayne Bay, at no distant day, the 
 resort of the invalid, the tourist, and the lover of adven- 
 ture." 
 
 The Keys. — These are a series of islands, extending 
 along the south coast, from Cape Florida to the Dry Tor- 
 tugas, lying between the main-land and the Florida Reefs, 
 and within three to five miles of the Gulf Stream. They 
 
GUIDE TO FLORfDA. 77 
 
 are of uniform character, being of coral formation and 
 very rocky. Some are only a few acres in extent, while 
 others contain as many as 15,000 acres. Cayo Largo is 
 the largest. These Keys are only a few feet above tide- 
 water, and are mostly covered with a growth of hard- 
 wood timber. The land is too rocky to admit of general 
 cultivation. 
 
 Key West — (The city and port of.) Telegraph 
 Office. Is situated on the island of the same name, which 
 is seven miles long and one-and-a-half wide. It is eleven 
 feet above the sea level. The population of the city is 
 about 5000. It has a large trade in sponges, turtles and 
 fruits, and is a place of some manufacturing importance. 
 There are twelve or fifteen cigar factories, making in the 
 aggregate thirty to thirty-five thousand of the best Havana 
 cigars per diem. There is also a manufactory in successful 
 operation, for canning the pineapple — the only one in the 
 United States. From five to eight thousand cans are put 
 up daily. Key West has five churches and the usual pub- 
 lic buildings. The United States Admiralty Court sits 
 here. Two newspapers are published, the Dispatch, dem- 
 ocratic, and the Guardian, republican. There are a few 
 lakes on the island, and several beautiful drives. The 
 land is covered in mid-winter with the greenest of foliage, 
 and tropical flowers grow in profusion. The climate 
 hereabouts is mild and agreeable, the thermometer ranging 
 from 79 to 86 degrees in summer, and 48 to 60 degrees in 
 winter. The island is much visited by invalids. Constant 
 communication is had with New York, New Orleans, 
 Havana, Galveston and Cedar Keys by packet steamers. 
 The passage to Havana occupies but a few hours. The 
 New Orleans, Cedar Keys and Havana steamers afford 
 weekly connection with all points in Upper and Middle 
 Florida, by means of the Florida Railroad. The principal 
 
78 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
 
 hotel in Key West is the Russell House, which takes per- 
 manent guests at $15.00 per week. Board can be obtained 
 in numerous private families at reasonable rates. 
 
 The Dry Tortllgas islands, at the extreme end of 
 the Florida Keys, and extending some distance into the 
 Gulf of Mexico. They were used as a penal place for 
 Confederate prisoners during the late war, and several of 
 the Lincoln conspirators were confined there. They are 
 forlorn, barren rocks, defended by fortifications, and 
 ornamented (?) with a light house. 
 
 ^cJ 
 
INDEX 
 
 Alachua Sink, 54 
 
 Albany, Ga., 43 
 
 Alexandria, 59 
 
 Alligator Shooting, 23-65 
 
 Altamaha River, 35 
 
 Alpativkee Swamp, 75 
 
 Anastasia Island, 67 
 
 Ancient Florida.. 23-61-C3 
 
 Apalachicola, 71 
 
 Archer, 55 
 
 Area of Florida, 7 
 
 Argyle, 36 
 
 Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, 31 
 
 Ancilla, 46 
 
 Baconton, 43 
 
 Baldwin, 49-52 
 
 Bainbridge, , 40 
 
 Biscayne Bay, 76 
 
 Bishop of Florida, P. E., .51 
 
 Blackshear, 36 
 
 Blue Spring (Albany, Ga.,) 43 
 
 Blue Spring (St. Johns River) 64 
 
 Boston, Ga., 39 
 
 Brock's Steamer Line, 57 
 
 Bronson, 55 
 
 Brunswick, Ga., 35 
 
 Cairo 40 
 
 Callahan, * 52 
 
 Camilla 42 
 
 Cathedral, St. Augustine, 69 
 
 Cedar Keys, 55 
 
 Cession of Florida to U. S., 5 
 
 Chaires, 45 
 
 Chalybeate Spring, 48 
 
 Page. 
 
 Charlotte Harbor, 75 
 
 ChipolaBig Spring,.. 8 
 
 Climate of Florida, 10 
 
 Climax, 40 
 
 Confederate Government, 6 
 
 Consumptives, Florida for 25-26 
 
 Coosa whatchie, 44 
 
 Cotton, .12-29 
 
 Dancey's Place, 61 
 
 Darlington, Steamer, 57 
 
 Devil's Hopper, ... .39 
 
 Dixie, 39 
 
 Doctortown, .35 
 
 Dungeness Estate, 52 
 
 Dunn's Lake, 62 
 
 Dry Tortugas, 78 
 
 Early Vegetable Trade, 12-51 
 
 Ellaville, ' 47 
 
 Enterprise, 64 
 
 Everglades, 75 
 
 Federal Point, 61 
 
 Fernandina, 50 
 
 Fevers, 27 
 
 Finegan, General, 6^LS 
 
 Fishing in Florida, 20 
 
 Fleming, : 84 
 
 Florida Railroad, 50 
 
 Forrest Station, 41 
 
 Fort McAllister, '.". 38 
 
 Fort Marion 68 
 
 Gainesville, 54 
 
 Geography of Florida, 7 
 
 Geological Formation, 8 
 
Index. 
 
 Glenmore, 36 
 
 Goodman, , 46 
 
 Government, Present State, 14 
 
 Great Southern Mail Route, 16 
 
 Green Cove Springs, 60 
 
 Greene, Genl. Nathaniel, Estate of. 52 
 Green Spring, 05 
 
 Hardaway, 43 
 
 Hart's Road, 53 
 
 Hattie, Steamer, 57 
 
 Hawkinsville 03 
 
 Havana Steamers, 56-77 
 
 Hibernia, CO 
 
 Historic Sketch, 3 
 
 Hogarth's Wharf, 60 
 
 Homcrsville, £7 
 
 Hotel Business in Florida, CO 
 
 Houses, coet of building 29 
 
 How to get to Florida, 16 
 
 Huguenots in Florida, 4 
 
 Hunting in Florida 20-74 
 
 I (fcnigrants, Florida fcr 2b 
 
 Indian River, 03-06-7:'. 
 
 Invalids, Florida for, 25 
 
 Jacksonville, . . .49-58 
 
 Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mo- 
 bile Railroad, 44 
 
 Jasper, 41 
 
 Jesup, 35 
 
 Johnston, 34 
 
 Keys, the Florida, 
 Key West, 
 
 .70 
 
 Lake City, 48 
 
 Lake George, 02 
 
 Lake Harney, 05 
 
 Lake Jessup, G5 
 
 Lake Monroe, 04 
 
 Lake Rachel, 46 
 
 Lands, cheap, 28 
 
 Lands, price of, 29 
 
 LaYilla, 59 
 
 Lawton, 37-41 
 
 Leo, General, 52 
 
 Leon County, 45 
 
 Live Oak, 42-47 
 
 Little Lake George, 02 
 
 Lloyd's, 45 
 
 Loviek, Pierce, College, 39 
 
 Lumber Business, 30-51 
 
 Madison, 46 
 
 Malaria in Florida, 26 
 
 Mandarin, 59 
 
 Marianna 71 
 
 Mcintosh 34 
 
 Mellonville, 64 
 
 Micanopy, 55 
 
 Miccosukie, 46 
 
 Midway, 45 
 
 Miller's Station, 33 
 
 Mobile Steamers, :. . .56 
 
 Monticello, 46 
 
 Mosquitoes, 30 
 
 Mulberry, 3J 
 
 Naylor, 37 
 
 Newmansville, 55 
 
 New Oilcans Steamers, 56 
 
 New Smyrna, 63 
 
 Northern Florida, 44 
 
 Northern Settlers 15 
 
 Ocklawaha River, 62 
 
 ' Okafonokce Swamp, 36-37 
 
 Okeechobee. 75 
 
 ! Okloknee, 42 
 
 Olustee, Battle of, 0-48 
 
 | Olnstee Station, 48 
 
 Orange Grove, 63 
 
 Orange Mills, 61 
 
 Orange Raising, 29 
 
 Otter Creek, 55 
 
 Ousley, " — 38 
 
 Palatka, > 61 
 
 Palmetto, & 
 
 Patterson, 36 
 
 Pelham, 42 
 
 Pensacola, 5-72 
 
 Picolata, 61 
 
 Pleasure Seekers, Florida for, ... .20 
 
 Political Parties, 14 
 
 ! Population, 13 
 
IxDE^. 
 
 in 
 
 Quincy, 44 
 
 Quitman, 38 
 
 Rachel, Lake, 45 
 
 Rain in Florida, 10 
 
 Rattlesnakes, 30 
 
 Rembrandt Island, C 2 
 
 Riverside, 59 
 
 Sanderson,.... 40 
 
 Santa FeLake,... 53 
 
 Scott, General, G3 
 
 Screven, 35 
 
 Scuppernong Grapes,. 44 
 
 Sea Routes to Florida, 17-18 
 
 Seminole War,,. 6 
 
 Seymour's Defeat, 0-48 
 
 Silver Spring, 8-62 
 
 Snakes, 30 
 
 Southern Florida, 73 
 
 Springs, 8, 38, 42, 47, 48, 60, 64, 65 
 
 Starke, 53 
 
 Statenville 41 
 
 St. Augustine, 5-66 
 
 St. Johns River, 56 
 
 St. Marks, 49 
 
 Stockton, '.' 37 
 
 Stowe, Mrs. H. Beecher, 59 
 
 Sunbury Fort, 34 
 
 Sulphur Springs (Suwanee), 42 
 
 Sulphur Spring (Withlacoochee), .38 
 Suwanee Station, 42 
 
 PjkGF. 
 
 Suwanee Spa, B 
 
 Swedish Colony, 45 
 
 Swiss Colony, 40 
 
 Tallahassee, 45 
 
 Tampa Bay, 74 
 
 Tebeauville SG 
 
 Thermometer, range of, 10 
 
 Thomasville, 39-42 
 
 Timber, .......13 
 
 Time Table Atlantic & Gulf R. R..32 
 
 Tocoi, 61 
 
 Trail Ridge, 53 
 
 Turnbull, 63 
 
 Upper White Sulphur Spring,.. .41-42 
 
 Valdosta, 37 
 
 Vegetable Trade, 12 
 
 Volusia, 63 
 
 Wakulla River, 8 
 
 Waldo 53 
 
 Walthomville, 34 
 
 Way's Station, 33 
 
 Welaka, 62 
 
 Wellborn,; .......47 
 
 Western Fiorida, 71 
 
 Whigham, 40 
 
 White House, 49 
 
 White Sulphur Springs 47 
 
 Wine Culture, 44 
 
 Yelverton, Mrs., 70 
 
Tri- Weekly Line of Sldewheel Steamships. 
 
 FOR CHARLESTON, S. C, 
 
 FLORIDA PORTS, SOUTH & SOUTH-WEST, 
 
 SAILING AT 3 P. X, 
 
 29, 
 
 PROM PIER 
 
 WORT] 
 
 RIVER 
 
 This Magnificent Lino of Steamships composed of 
 
 CHAMPION, CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA, 
 
 Capt. R. W. Lockwood. Capt. James Bkery. Capt. J. T. Beckett. 
 
 MANHATTAN, J AS. ADGER, GEORGIA, 
 
 Capt. M. S. Woodhull. Capt. T. J. Lockwood. Capt. S. Croweli.. 
 
 Have been newly and handsomely fitted up for the convenience of passengers, and are unrivaled on the 
 
 «oa»t for aafety, tpeed and comfort. They have large carryiug capacity, and insure at the lowest r.ites. 
 
 FASSAGrE TICKETS, 
 
 Including First-class Stateroom and Meals on Steamships to Charleston, viz: 
 
 Charleston, S.C $20 00 
 
 Columbia, kl 22 00 
 
 Charlotte, N. C 2f3 00 
 
 Augusta, Ga 22 00 
 
 Milledgeville, Ga 27 00 
 
 Macon, Ga 27 00 
 
 Greensboro, Ga 26 25 
 
 Madison, Ga 27 25 
 
 Washington, Ga ... 25 75 
 
 Athens, Ga 27 75 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 27 50 
 
 West Point, Ga 30 50 
 
 Albany 31 50 
 
 Columbus. Ga 3100 
 
 Montgomery, Ala 35 00 
 
 MoBiLE.Ala 41 00 
 
 New Orleans, La 45 00 
 
 Rome, Ga 30 00 
 
 SELMA.Ala 35 00 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn 30 00 
 
 Fernandina, Fla 27 75 
 
 Passengers have the privilege of taking either Railroad or Steamboat 
 from Charleston to the Florida Ports and St. John's River Landing* ; and for 
 St. Augustine, they can go via Picolata, aud thence by Stage, or by Steam- 
 boats outside, direct. 
 
 HENRY R. MORGAN & CO., Agts., 177 West St., N. Y. 
 
 JAMES ADGER & Co., Agts, New York &. Charleston Steamship Company, 
 
 WAGNER, HUGER &, CO., or > Agents, N. Y. &. So. Carolina Steamship Co., 
 WM. A. COURTNEY, » Charleston, S. C. 
 
 80 
 
 Jacksonville , Fla $27 75 
 
 Enterprise, Fla 36 75 
 
 Cedar Keys, " 32 75 
 
 Baldwin, " 27 75 
 
 St. Augustine, Fla 31 25 
 
 Green Cove Springs, Fla 29 25 
 
 Hibernia, Fla 29 25 
 
 Lake City, " 30 25 
 
 Monticello, " 32 25 
 
 Orange Mills, Fla 30 25 
 
 Palatka, Fla 30 25 
 
 Picolata, " 29 25 
 
 Quincy, " 34 75 
 
 Tallahassee, Fla 33 50 
 
 Gainesville, Fla 30 25 
 
 Florence, S. C 22 00 
 
 Darljngton, S.C 22 50 
 
 Society Hill, S. C 23 50 
 
 Cheraw, S.C . 24 5 > 
 
 Savannah, Ga 22 00 
 
SOUTHERN MAIL ROUTE 
 
 IS THE SHOBTEST LINE OUT OF 
 
 Boston, New York, Philadelphia, 
 
 Baltimore and W ashing ton, 
 
 To Chattanooga, Atlanta, Nashville, 
 
 Macon, Montgomery, Enfaula, 
 MEMPHIS, MOBILE AND NEW OBLEANS. 
 
 TWO DAILY THROUGH TRAILS. 
 
 CONNECTIONS PERFECT. TiME QUICK. 
 
 Passengers for the SOUTH oy any other Monte, mtist commence 
 
 their journey early in the tveek, or be detained at 
 
 some point on the line. 
 
 Ladies or Families taking tbis Route cannot be contused or annoyed at 
 places of transfer, as all the changes are made at Union Depots. 
 
 Baggage checked Through, thus avoiding all annoyance from runners for other routes. 
 
 Ample Time given at convenient distances for partaking of Excellent Meals 
 
 Ylgr-r^The Post Office Department, after careful and repeated trials, has 
 l|^!aS~"^fixed upon this Route as the Most Direct, Reliable and Expeditious \or 
 the transportation of the Great Southern United States Mai!. Nobetterendorse- 
 ment than this will be required by the discriminating traveler to the South. 
 
 Do not be deceived by other lines using our name and style, and 
 remembe r, the Fareis in every case as low as by any other route. 
 
 TICKETS CAN BE PURCHASED 
 I N BOSTON, 
 
 At 82, 86 and 87 Washington Street, 3 Old State House, No. 15 United States 
 Hotel Block, Boston & Providence Depot, Boston, Hartford & Erie Depot, 
 Boston & Albany Depot, Old Colony Depot, and of the Principal Ticket 
 Agents in the Eastern States and Canadas. 
 
 IN NEW YORK, 
 
 AtfootofDesbrosses and Courtlandt Streets, 175, 229, 303, 319, 409 and 944 
 Broadway, 765 Sixth Avenue, 2 and 9 Astor House, Harlem Express Co., Cor. 
 125th St. and 3d Ave., at all the Principal Hotels, and No. 1 Battery Place. 
 In Brooklyn, at 1 Court Street, City Hall Square. 
 
 IN PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 At 811 & 838 Chestnut St., 44 South 5th St., Exchange in Continental Hotel, 
 and at the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore Depot, corner of Broad and 
 Prime Streets. 
 
 IN BALTIMORE, 
 At 149 West Baltimore Street, and Camden Street Station of the Baltimore 
 and Ohio Railroad. 
 
 IN WASHINGTON, 
 At Adams Express Bnilding opposite Baltimore Depot, 603 Pennsylvania 
 Ave., and at the Maryland Ave. Depot. 
 
 G. M. Huntington, New York Agent .229 Broadway, New York. 
 
 J. C. Smith, New England Agent 82 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. 
 
 H.J. Ball, Pennsylvania Agent 811 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia. Pa. 
 
 Maryland Agent 149 West Baltimore St. , Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Washington Agent, 603 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. 
 
 J. B. YATES, Gen. East. Pass. Ag't, 229 Broadway, N. Y 
 81 
 
THE ATLANTIC COAST LINE OF RAILWAYS 
 
 Is the Shortest, Quickest, and Only Direct Route to 
 
 CHARLESTON, SAVANNAH & FLORIDA 
 
 AND THE MOST AGREEABLE ROUTE TO 
 
 NEW ORLEAKTS. 
 
 ARRIVES 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 BALTIMORE 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 3 40 p.m 
 5.05 p.m 
 
 RICHMOND 
 
 PETERSBURG 
 
 WELDON 
 
 3.30 a.m 
 5.15 a.m 
 9.30 a.m 
 
 O" 70 Miles Shorter to Charleston, and S3 Miles Shorter to Savannah and 
 Florida than by any other Route. 
 
 4S" New Fast Schedule Perfected. Time between New York and New Orleans 
 Shortened 22 Hours. Reduction of time to all intermediate points. Double Daily 
 
 to Savannah, via Cha rleston. 
 
 Through Express to Savannah and Florida, via Charleston. 
 
 LEAVES 
 
 NEW YORK 8.30 a.m. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 1 1 45 a.m. 
 
 BALTIMORE 355 P-m. 
 
 WASHINGTON 7.00 p.m. 
 
 RICHMOND 345 a.m. 
 
 PETERSBURG 545 am. 
 
 WELDON 10.05 a.m. GOLDSBORO 2.30 p.m. 
 
 GOLDSBORO 250p.m. WILMINGTON 7.00p.m. 
 
 WILMINGTON 7.10p.m. FLORENCE 1.45 a.m. 
 
 FLORENCE 2.00a.m. CHARLESTON 7.30a.m. 
 
 CHARLESTON 8.15 a.m. SAVANNAH 415 P-m. 
 
 Trains leave SAVANNAH, Dally., for JACKSONVILLE and 
 TALLAHASSEE, at 5.00 p.m., arriving at Jacksonville at 7,50a.m., 
 and Tallahassee, at 4.30 p.m. 
 
 PASSENGERS by this schedule make CLOSE CONNECTION at BALTI- 
 MORE with the popular Old Bay Line, leaving Baltimore at 4.00 p.m., 
 and arriving at Weldon at 9.30 next morning, making close connection at 
 that point for WIL ^ IN«.TON, CHARLESTON, AUGUSTA, SA- 
 VANNAH, JACKSONVILLE and TALLAHASSEE. 
 
 4&pPassengers will please take notice, that by this Schedule they lay over 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 THROUGH FAST EXPRESS TO NEW ORLEANS DA IL T. 
 
 LEAVES 
 
 NEW YORK 020 p.m. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 11.30 p.m. 
 
 BALTIMORE 4.50 a.m. 
 
 WASHINGTON 7.15 a.m. 
 
 RICHMOND 2.35 p.m. 
 
 PETERSBURG 4-°° P-m. 
 
 WELDON 7-45P-m. 
 
 WILMINGTON 4-3° a.m. 
 
 FLORENCE 915 a.m. 
 
 KINGSVILLE 2.00 p.m. 
 
 AIKEN 6.45 p.m. 
 
 AUGUSTA ../. 8.15p.m. 
 
 ATLANTA 6.50 a.m. 
 
 MONTGOMERY 5-45 pm. 
 
 MOBILE 8.00 a.m. 
 
 ARRIVES 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 BALTIMORE 4.00 a.m. 
 
 WASHINGTON 6.20 a.m. 
 
 RICHMOND 2.25 p.m. 
 
 PETERSBURG 340 p.m. 
 
 WELDON 7.15p.m. 
 
 WILMINGTON 4.10 a.m. 
 
 FLORENCE 9.10 a.m. 
 
 KINGSVILLE 1.30 p.m. 
 
 AIKEN 6.40 p.m. 
 
 AUGUSTA 7 45 P-m. 
 
 ATLANTA 6.30a.m. 
 
 MONTGOMERY s-3op.m. 
 
 MOBILE 7-45 a.m. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS 2.00 p.m. 
 
 «®-CLOSE CONNECTION made by this schedule at FLORENCE, with 
 Northeastern Railroad, for Charleston, Savannah, and all points in 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 LEAVES ARRIVES 
 
 FLORENCE 9.15 a.m'. I CHARLESTON 2.30 p.m. 
 
 CHARLESTON 325 P-m. I SAVANNAH 9.15 pm. 
 
 SAVANNAH 11.00 p.m. I TACKSONVII.LE 6.00p.m. 
 
 j TALLAHASSEE 5.25 pm 
 
 ON LY ONE CHANGE OF CABS between Richmond & Augusta. 
 
 See that your Ticket read " Via WILMI NGTON, N. C," otherwise you may be put 
 to Great Inconvenience and Trouble. 
 
 A, POPE, Gen. Ticket Ag't, Wilmington, N C. 
 
 42 
 
 W.J. WALKER Gen, Ag't. 
 
FOR SPEED, SAFETY & COMFORT, 
 
 TAKE 
 
 t\t |rat $mt%™ Jftteijltt 
 
 AND 
 
 For Charleston, S.C., 
 
 FLORIDA PORTS, 
 
 AND THE 
 
 South & South- West, 
 
 Sailing from Pier 29, North River, at 3 p. m., every 
 TUESDAY, THURSDAY AND SATURDAY. 
 
 Through Passage Tickets and Bills of Lading issued at lowest rates. 
 For Local Freight and Passage apply to 
 
 HENRY R. MORGAN & CO., 
 
 177 West St., cor. "Warren. 
 
 For Through Freight Tariff and Rates, apply to 
 
 BENTLEY D. HASELXi, 
 
 General Agent Great Southern Freight Line, 
 
 317 Broadway, corner of Thomas St. 
 
New York & Savannah Steamship Line 
 
 or all points in FLORIDA, the South and Southwest, 
 
 FOUR STEAMERS PER WEEK, 
 
 TUESDAYS, 
 
 THURSDAYS, 
 
 SATURDAYS 
 
 Making close connections at Savannah with the Atlantic and Gulf Railroads, for 
 all points in Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee and Louisiana 
 
 Passage Rates including Meals and Staterooms on Steamers, between New York 
 and Savannah. 
 
 H, $20.00. 
 
 St. Augustine, Fla $3125 
 
 Palatka, Fla 30 25 
 
 Enterprise Fla 36 25 
 
 Gainesville, Fla SO 25 
 
 LakeCity, Fla 30 25 
 
 Madison Fla 80 25 
 
 Tallahassee Fla 33 50 
 
 Macon. Ga 27 00 
 
 Eufaula, Ala 32 00 
 
 Montgomery, Ala 35 00 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn 30 00 
 
 Rome, Ga 32 25 
 
 SAVANNA 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla $27 75 
 
 Fernandina, Fla 27 75 
 
 Picolata, Fla 29 25 
 
 Green Cove Springs 29 25 
 
 Hibernia, Fla 29 25 
 
 Orange Mills, Fla 30 25 
 
 Monticello, Fla 32 25 
 
 Quincy, Fla 34 75 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 27 50 
 
 Albany, Ga 31 50 
 
 Selma, Ala 35 00 
 
 Mobile. Ala 41 00 
 
 New Orleans, La 45 00 
 
 Freight Received and Through Bills of Lading Signed on Piers. 
 
 Insurance One-half per Cent. low Bates, Quick Time and Prompt 
 Settlements are our claims for patronage. 
 
 MURRAY, FERRIS & CO., Ships " Leo" and " Virgo" sailing 
 
 TUESDAYS, Pier 16, East River, Office 61 and 62 South St. 
 LIVINGSTON, FOX & CO., Ships " Herman Livingston " and 
 
 « General Barnes," sailing THURSDA YS, Pier 36, North 
 
 River, Office 187 West Street, cor. Reade. 
 WILLIAM R. GARRISON, Ships "San Salvador" and «« San 
 
 Jacinto," sailing SATURDAYS, Pier 8, North River, Office 
 
 5 Bowling Green. 
 R. LOWDEN, Ships " Montgomery " and " Huntsvillc," sailing 
 
 SATURDAYS, Pier 13, North River, Office 93 West Street. 
 
 C. D. OWENS, 
 
 General Agent, 229 Broadway, cor. Barclay St. 
 84 
 
Philadelphia & Southern Mail Steamship 
 
 o oiMi^-^-ixr ir r s 
 
 STEAMSHIPS TONAWANDA AND WYOMING, 
 
 Sailing regularly every Saturday, alternately, from Bier 41, foot of Queen 
 Street, Philadelphia, and from foot of Abercorn Street, Savannah, con- 
 necting with the Central It. R. of Geokgia, and Atlantic and Gulp R. R., 
 and connecting Roads to all interior points. 
 
 THE ESPECIAL ATTENTION OF INVALIDS 
 
 and others desiring to escape the severity of our Northern climate, and who 
 design wintering in Florida, is called to this route, via Savannah, as being 
 more comfortable and expeditious than any other route now open to the travel-, 
 ing public. 
 
 The accommodations of the Steamers of the Company are unsurpassed, 
 and Florida passengers have choice of routes from Savannah, either by 
 daily trains on the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, or by first-class steamers 
 from Savannah. 
 
 No extra charge for Meals or State-rooms on the Steamers of this Line, or 
 for transfer of passengers or baggage at Savannah, when passengers hold 
 Through Tickets. 
 
 For further information, or for Freight or Passage, apply \9 
 
 WILLIAM L. JAMES, General Agent, 
 
 130 South Third Street, Philadelphia, 
 
 OR TO 
 
 HUNTER & CAMMELL, Agents, 
 
 84 Bay Street, Jones' Block, Savannah. 
 
 VOSE, DINSMORE & GO. 
 
 NATIONAL SPRING WORKS, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS of 
 
 VOLUTE BUFFER, INDIA RUBBER, RUBBER CENTRE SPIRAL, 
 COMPOUND SPBRAL, "DINSMORE," 
 
 AND OTHER 
 
 " Binsmore" Spring, Volute Buffer Spring. 
 
 Principal Office, No. 1 Barclay St., New York. 
 
 BRANCH HOUSES: 
 
 ho. 238 Michigan A*e., Chicago. | No. 713 N. Second St., St. Louis. 
 
 85 
 
BALTIMORE AND SAVANNAH. 
 
 The Baltimore and Savannah Steamship Company is composed of 
 Steamships 
 
 AMERICA, 1000 Tons, 
 
 SABAGOSSA, 1000 Tons, 
 
 And NORTH POINT, 600 Tons. 
 
 All first class and well fitted for Passengers. Over 200 miles inland 
 while Passengers ca.i enjoy the delightful scenery of Chesapeake Bay, 
 Connection made with Railroad and Steamboat to all points in Florida, 
 Georgia and Alabama, and Through Tickets issued to all principal points. 
 
 JAS. B. ANDREWS, Agent, 
 
 JAS. B. WEST & CO., 78 Smith's Wharf, 
 
 Agents, Savannah, Ga. BALTIMORE. 
 
 ♦-♦-. 
 
 Invalids, Tourists and Pleasure Seekers will find the Route to 
 Florida, via the 
 
 RICHMOND k DANVILLE & PIEDMONT RAILWAY 
 
 And its Connections, the most comfortable and expeditious. 
 
 F$mm && MQW && MY MMT QTMEW <B®WTE* 
 
 Close connections are made twice daily, by this line at Richmond, 
 with the RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG AND POTOMAC RAIL 
 
 ROAD, and traverses along its entire line a beautiful rolling country 
 passing through the Cities of DANVILLE, VA., GREENSBORO' and 
 CHARLOTTE, N. C, COLUMBIA, S. C, AUGUSTA and SAVAN- 
 NAH, GA. 
 
 Good Eating Houses and ample time for Meals. 
 
 Sleeping Cars on all Night Trains. 
 
 CAUTION.— See that your Tickets read via DANVILLE, GREENS- 
 
 BORO', COLUMBUS, &c. 
 
 Through Tickets can be procured at all principal points North and East. 
 For Latest Time Tables, see Circulars of Richmond and Danville and 
 Piedmont Railways— " Virginia Short Line." 
 
 T. LI. B. TALCOTT, JNO. &. MACMURDO, 
 
 Eng'r and Sup't, Gen. T. & F. Ag't. 
 
 RICHMOND. RICHMOND. 
 
 C. YIXGB1XG, East'n Pass. Ay% 257 Broadway, X. Y, 
 
 86 
 
SAVANNAH & CHARLESTON R. R. 
 
 The Initial Road South of the 
 
 GREAT ATLANTIC COAST LINE 
 
 Savannah to New York in 47 Hours. 
 
 Being the Shortest Route by 53 Miles to and from the Cities on the Atlantic Coast. 
 FRO!U 
 
 Charleston to Jacksonville, Fla., 20 Hours. 
 
 Passengers from Charleston to all points in Florida make the quickest time 
 ind avoid the discomforts and risks attendant upon a Sea Voyage along an ex- 
 posed and dangerous Coast. This risk is especially great in the case of Invalids. 
 Passengers will find that every comfort has been provided for them. 
 
 On all Night Trains. Good Eating Houses along the entire line, and polite and 
 attentive Conductors. 
 
 SCHEDULE DECEMBER I I, 1871. 
 
 Express Train. 
 
 Leaves Charleston daily 3.25 p.m. 
 
 Arrives at Savannah daily 9.15 p.m. 
 
 Leaves Savannah daily n. 15 p.m. 
 
 Arrives at Charleston daily 5.35 a.m. 
 
 Day Train. 
 
 Leaves Charleston (Sundays excepted) 8.15 a.m. 
 
 Arrives at Savannah (Sundays excepted 4.15 p.m. 
 
 Leaves Savannah (Sundays excepted 1 8.00 a.m. 
 
 Arrives at Charleston (Sundays excepted) 4.05 p.m. 
 
 Call at Ticket Offices in Savannah and Charleston for latest changes in Schedules 
 
 S. C. BOYLSTON, C. S. GADSDEN, 
 
 General Ticket Agent. Engineer and Sup't, 
 
 Charleston, December xxth, 1871. 
 
 87 
 
CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 This well-known and popular first-class Hotel, situated in the centre of 
 the City, and also In the centre of the Wholesale Business Houses, affords 
 facilities, comforts and attention to Travelers for pleasure, and Merchants on 
 business, second to none in the United States. 
 
 Having been recently thoroughly repaired and newly furnished throughout, 
 the Proprietor pledges himself to spare no pains in its management to main- 
 tain the high reputation heretofore enjoyed by the old " CHARLESTON" 
 as a first-class house. 
 
 E. H. JACKSON, Prop'r. 
 
 General Railway and Steamship Ticket Office. Through Tickets sold by 
 Rail to all points in the United States, and by Rail or Steamship to BALTI- 
 MORE, PHILADELPHIA and NEW YORK. 
 
 A, BUTTEHFIELD, General Ticket Agent, 
 
 CHARLESTON HOTEL. 
 
 88 - . - - 
 
Invalids and pleasure seekers visiting the South 
 will find ' 
 
 THE H. I. KIMBALL HOUSE, 
 
 OP ATLANTA, GEORGIA, 
 
 comfortable and pleasant, having all modern improve- 
 ments, mclnding water and gas, with one of the finest 
 Elevators, built by Messrs. Otis, Totts & Co of 
 Boston, the celebrated Safety Elevator Manufacturers 
 
 This Hotel, being first-class in every respect and 
 
 second to sose is the usited states, 
 
 having one of the most magnificent Ball Booms 
 wh.ch is at the disposal of the guests, with a fine 
 tfand to discourse music nightly, cannot fail to please 
 tne traveling public. 
 
 89 
 
BE SURE TO T AKETR Attf TO REACH CEDAR KEYS FRIDAY NIGHT. 
 
 ITT MAIL LINE STEADIEST 
 
 SIDE-WHEEL STEAMER 
 
 The New Orleans, Florida and Havana Steamship Company will dispatch one of 
 the above first-class Steamers from NEW ORLEANS and from HAVANA EVERY 
 WEDNESDAY, touching at CEDAR KEYS on FRIDAYS, and Leaving 
 
 EVERY SATURDAY MORNING, 
 
 FOR 
 
 Havana, New Orleans and Key West. 
 
 These Steamers have splendid passenger accommodations, and every effort will 
 be made for the SAFETY, COMFORT and PLEASURE of Travelers. 
 
 By this Route the long sea vo3'age is avoided. The distance from CEDAR 
 KEYS to HAVANA is only 360 Miles, mostly along coast and smooth navigation. 
 
 Rates of Passage: 
 
 Fernandina to Havana, $20 I Fernandina to Netv Orleans, $31 
 Jacksonville ».* 26 I Jacksonville " 31 
 
 Charleston « 35 I Charleston " 35 
 
 Savannah « 35 \ Savannah " 35 
 
 STATE ROOMS AND MEALS INCLUDED. 
 
 _. _ r _, _ At Offices Jacksonville, Pensacola& Mobile R. R. Co., 
 
 Tickets for Sale sLSAcity^obt: and on board Steamers 
 
 For further information apply to 
 
 I. K. ROBERTS, 
 
 120 Common St., New Orleans. 
 
 The QUICKEST, the MOST COMFORTABLE and the SAFEST ROUTE. 
 
 90 
 
1872. THE OLD RELIABLE 1872, 
 
 BROCKS LINES STEAMERS 
 
 RUNNING BETWEEN 
 
 JACKSONVILLE AND ENTERPRISE, 
 
 OX THE 
 
 ST. JOHNS RIVER, FLORIDA, 
 
 ON ARRIVAL OF TRAINS FROM THE NORTH 
 
 THE NEW AND ELEGANT PASSENGER STEAMER 
 
 Leaves JACKSONVILLE daily (except Sundays) for FALiTEA 
 and all INTERMEDIATE POINTS, and connecting with Steamers for 
 ENTERPRISE, CLAY SPRINGS, SALT LAKE, DUNN'S 
 LAKE, and points on the OCKLAWAHA RIVER. At TOCOI 
 with ST. JOHNS RAILROAD for ST. AUGUSTINE, and return- 
 ing to Jacksonville same evening in time to connect with all Northern 
 Trains. 
 
 THE FAVORITE STEAMERS 
 
 " DARLINGTON" and " HATTIE" 
 
 Leave JACKSONVILLE on SUNDAYS and WEDNESDAYS at 9.00 
 A. M., RUNNING THROUGH TO ENTERPRISE, and stopping at all 
 principal points on the River. 
 
 THE OLD REPUTATION OF THIS POPULAR LINE WILL BE FULLY SUSTAINED, 
 AND EVERY COMFORT GUARANTEED TO ITS PATRONS. 
 
 THROUGH TICKETS to all Points NORTH and WEST, and, 
 
 also for ST. JLT7GTTSTINE, ENTERPRISE, and all 
 
 points on the River, can he had on application 
 
 to the PURSER on board the Boat. 
 
 JOHN CLARK, G-eneral Agent, 
 
 JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 
 
 91 
 
npstto jtoifl 
 
 ITT 
 
 IIUIeIz .jiluLjiiBi"' 
 
 I ■ III II 111 III I II III I II I II III III II ■ 
 
 Li JU ..HHI JlZlItt^ 
 
 This handsome and commodious edifice was erect- 
 ed in 1869, by the present proprietors. It is situated 
 on the Plaza, commanding an entire view of the 
 beautiful Harbor and the Ocean beyond. From the 
 observatories of the house, the city is spread out in 
 one grand panoramic view, making one of the most 
 beautiful of tropical pictures. 
 
 The house is lighted with gas, and furnished with 
 all the modern improvements. The table is supplied 
 with every luxury the country affords. Billiard 
 Tables for the use of the guests. Attached to the house 
 is a General Railroad Ticket Office, where any infor- 
 mation relative to different Routes can be obtained. 
 
 The country abounds in deer, turkey, bears, wild 
 cats, and small game of every kind, while the waters 
 are alive with fish of countless variety. Boats will be 
 furnished for yachting or fishing parties. Telegraph 
 communication to all points, and early mail communi- 
 cation. !No efforts will be spared by the proprietors 
 to contribute to the comfort and pleasure of their 
 guests. 
 
 PALMER & VAIL, 
 
 F. S. PJJjMEB. 
 
 E. E. VAIL, 
 
 Late Captain Steamer " George Cromwell.'' 
 
 92 
 
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