\ 
 
Vol. 4. 
 
 MARCH, 1876 
 
 No. 1. 
 
For reasons unnecessary for us to explain at length, we issued 
 no January anil February numbers o^ Our Livixg and Ouk 
 Dead. It is sufficient for our purpose to state that we could not 
 very well get out the first number of the Southkrn Historical 
 Monthly and this magazine in any other way. It will make no 
 difference to our subscribers, although it may have annoyed some 
 of them, as we have advanced each one's time two months, and 
 this number begins a new volume. We ask all to aid us in the 
 good work which we have undertaken, and thus far prosecuted 
 with so lar^e a measure of success. 
 
 A Few Errors Corrected. — In line 7, page .'i8, " those first 
 fellows" should read "those fine fellows;" on page 55, lines 13, 
 25 and 34, for "Cemetery" read "Seminary," and on page 5P, 
 line 28, for "only and rigorously " read "duly or vigorously;" 
 page 5, line 3, for " who, shattered to atoms," read "to be shat- 
 tered to atoms," and the signature on page GO, should be I. R. 
 Trimble and not J. R. Trimble. 
 
 T^lole or Oontozits. 
 
 Soldier's History of the War, :'. 
 
 Gen. Lane's Rei)()rt of the Battle of Jericho Ford 10 
 
 Pollard's New Kook, 22 
 
 The EoU of Houor 2r> 
 
 Gen. Lee's Final Report of the Pennsylvania Campaign and Battle of Gettysburg, I?;; 
 
 North Carolinians at Gettysburg — By Gen. I. R. Trimble, .'». 
 
 Interesting Facts — Reprint, (> I 
 
 Move Promptly and Strike Hard— By S. D. Bagley, Esq., (i'-' 
 
 "At his Post" — By Lee Hampton, 05 
 
 The Poetry of the Rose — by Miss K. M. Rowland 71 
 
 Poetry — Carmenensis— By Maj. J. W. Moore, 77 
 
 Virginia and North Carolina at Gettysburg — By Randolph A. Shotwell, 8th Vir- 
 ginia Volunteers 80 
 
 Diary of a Young Lady, !i7 
 
 Fort Fisher, 10(t 
 
 Editorial, 107 
 
 Battle of Mojre's Creek, li;5 
 
 Gens Jackson and Lee— An eloquent Enloginni, U'<» 
 
 A Confederate He.oia e, l-;5 
 
Vol. ir.-From MARCH TO AUGUST, JS7G. 
 
 >XI\ '" = 4- 
 
 «■»,. l i '-lf f iwH l ll lI ^ '^"'l""' ■rHf aCH»C_Bl!J_f.O«L f C, r» g3[,„t wagMtaaiJj 
 
 L. 
 

 Our Living and Our Dead was established to gather and pub- 
 lish the historical record of North Carolina. It has not yet fulfilled 
 its mission, nor will that mission be completed till, with pious assid- 
 uity and care, a true and full record of the State is published, till 
 the sufferings, privations, fortitude and heroism of the people and 
 their unwavering devotion to ±he cause they espoused shall be 
 shown. North Carolinians, will you not sustain it ? 
 
DEVOTED TO 
 
 Official Organ North Carolina Branch Southern Historical Society 
 
 Vol. IV.] MARCH, 1876. [No.]. 
 
 THE SOLDIER'S HISTORY OF THE WAR : 
 
 CONTAINING A NARRATIVE OF 
 
 BVENTS, CAMPAIGNS AND BATTI.ES, 
 
 WHICH OCCURRED IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
 
 Bloody War, "W Iiieli took Place in the I nited «tate»i In 1§6*. 
 
 By REV. .JOHN PARI8. T.afe Chaplain 54th Regiment, N. C. Troops. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Change of Policy on the part of the Fede^'ol Government — Mr. Lin- 
 coln's Proclamation of Emancipation — Its Effect — Attack upon arid 
 Capture of the Town and Harbor of Galveston by Gen. Magruda^ 
 and Commodore Smith — Attack of Admiral Dupont upon the Foi'ts 
 and Batteries in Charleston Harbor — His Repulse — Battle of Cavalry 
 Forces at Kelley's Ford — Battles of Chancellorsville and Salem Church 
 ■—Death of Lieut. Gm. " Stonewall " Jackson — His Character. 
 
 HE first day of January, 1863, witnessed the struggling 
 Confederacy as bold and defiant as she was on the day when 
 [she planted her flag upon the walls of Sumter. Her hope.'- 
 ^of success were strong and buoyant. But in the North it 
 was different. The Federals were doubtful of the i.ssue. Public- 
 expectations had not been realized. Too many battles had beeii 
 lost. Too many armies had been defeated ; and too many thou- 
 sands of Federal soldiers had fallen. The Rebels had fought too 
 desperately, and displayed such fortitude and heroism as to chal- 
 lenge the admiration of the world • dissatisfaction with regard to 
 1 
 
4 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 the situation began to manifest itself. After the Federal army 
 had been driven off from the Chickaliominy, and Pope defeated 
 at ^^anassas and driven back upon AVashington, the Abolition 
 party of the North became clamorous for new and extreme meas- 
 ures. The radical wing of this party had been in favor, from the 
 beginning of hostilities, of waging the war so as to free the slaves 
 wherever the success of arms should make the authority of the 
 Federal power to be felt. This time the L'nited States Congre.^s 
 had passed, almost unanimously, a resolution declaring that " the 
 war should not be conducted in hostility to any of the institutions 
 of any of the States." Mr. Lincoln, himself, had declared in his 
 inaugural address, that the Constitution gave him no power to 
 interfere with slavery where it exisr<'<l in the Stat«^s, and that he 
 had no desire to do so. Although he had taken an oath " to 
 support and defend" that Constitution, yet the time ha<l now 
 come Avhen Congressional faith .^liould become " jDiniiV," and the 
 President's oath to support and defend the Constitution, should 
 be laid on the shelf, and a different line of action and of policy 
 pursued. 
 
 On the 15th of September, a delegation of Abolitionists from 
 the North, belonging to the fanatical school, presente<l to tlu- 
 President a memorial praying him to issue immediately a pro- 
 clamation declaring a general emancipation. This memorial 
 lield out to the President for inducement the assurance that if 
 such a step should be taken by him, it would enlist mor& heartily 
 in the cause of the war the entire abolition party. That the [»arty 
 would feel a confidence in the principles at issue, that would 
 inspire among them an enthusiasm not heretofore felt, and that 
 thus they could be brought up more p.romptly to the sup])Ort of 
 the Constitution and the country. Aecoi-ding to the reply of the 
 President, as published in the papers of the day, he was undeci- 
 ded upon the subject at that time. But on the 22d of September, 
 just one week afterwards, he astonished all parties by the appear- 
 ance of a i^roclamation preliminary to one which he jiromised 
 should appear on tlie first day of January, 1SG3. 
 
 In this preliminary proclamation he stated that he would 
 declare at the time specified, one hundred days from the date of 
 his notice, all the slaves held in bondage in any State, or part of 
 a State, which should at tliat time be in rehollion against 
 
OhR LIVIXG AND OliR DEAD. 5 
 
 t.lie government of the United States, forever free. This prelimi- 
 liary proclamation seemed to present itself in the character of a 
 menace; was regarded with indifference throughout the South, 
 and as an amusing jest among the officers and soldiers of the 
 Confederate armies. 
 
 Congress had previously enacted a law, which ]net the appro- 
 bation of Mr. Lincoln, for the emancipation of the slaves in the 
 District of Columbia, and likewise one offering encouragement 
 and protection to any that would forsake their owners in the Con- 
 federacy and come within the Federal lines. But on the first day 
 of Januarj^ 1863, the promised proclamation bearing the signa- 
 ture of Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, made 
 its appearance, declaring all the negro slaves within eleven States 
 forever free. This proclamation was in violation of the most 
 sacred provisions of the Constitution of the United States ; but 
 such was the corruption of the times, and such the maddened 
 phrenzy of fanaticism, that he had the strongest reasons to believe 
 Congress would endorse and justify his action. Nor was he mis- 
 taken. That body stood b}' him, and sustained him in this out- 
 rage upon the Constitution of the country by which the people 
 of eleven States were robbed of property to the value of more than 
 two thousand millions of dollars. The thirteen colonies which 
 •leclared themselves free from, and independent of Great Britain 
 in 1776, were denounced by the government of England as rebels : 
 a bloody and desperate war took place which lasted seven years; 
 each one of these was a slave-holding colony ; yet England was 
 never willing to condescend to the ignoble work of robbing the 
 people of their property, while she was endeavoring to force them 
 back into *' the Union " with the sword. England has had her 
 faults, but ofiicial and legal robbery of a people she claimed as 
 her subjects, though in rebellion against her authority, has never 
 been one of them. In the war of 1812, her armies carried off a 
 large number of slaves belonging to the citizens of the United 
 States, for which , in the treaty of peace, she agreed to pay to the 
 United States the sum of one and a quarter million dollars as 
 indemnity. This was in accordance with the laws and usages of 
 civilized nations. Hence it remained for the government of the 
 United States to perpetrate an act of public robbery, of a charac- 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 (er that has (Jishonored no nation, and wliich,in point of magni- 
 tude, has no parallel in history. 
 
 At the time this proclamation was issued it had but little oper- 
 ative effect, except in some parts of the States of Tennessee, Mis- 
 .sissippi and Louisiana. It fired the hearts of the people of 
 the Confederacy to a more determined and energetic prosecution 
 of the war, and inspired them with an intense hatred towards a 
 <^overnment and a people, who would thus add robbery to op- 
 pression, by plundering them of their property. 
 
 This constituted the full and complete triumph of the abolition 
 party. 'Tis true that the elections that came off in the fall of 
 1862, after Mr. Lincoln's preliminary proclamation had made its 
 appearance indicated the unpopularity of his measure, yet such 
 was the great and corrupting influence of the public patronage 
 which he wielded, with the close military surveilance which he 
 exercised through officers called 'provost marshals throughout the 
 Northern States, that he found himself sustained by a majority of 
 the populace. 
 
 On tlie first day of January, 1803, an attack was made by Gen. 
 Magruder, commanding the land, ; .id Commodore Smith, com- 
 manding the naval forces, upon the tow^n and harbor of Galves- 
 ton, in Texas. 'J^he enemy held the town by a land force of sev- 
 eral hundred infantry, which was supported by a fleet of eight 
 armed vessels, mounting upwards of thirty guns. The naval 
 force brought down the river by Commodore Smith, consisted of 
 two steamers so fitted up with cotton bales as to render them im- 
 pervious to cannon shot. The attack was made just before the 
 dawn of day. The assault was nearly simultaneous by land and 
 .sea, and was attended wdth brilliant success. One steamship and 
 two barques were among the captures, besides the destruction of 
 the enemy's flagship by being blown up; with all the land forces as 
 prisoners of war, with an immense amount of military stores. 
 The remnant of the Federal fleet escaped to sea, and Gen. Magru- 
 der published to the world that the blockade was raised and the 
 port of Galveston open to the commerce of the world. 
 
 Vicksburg, completely c^ommanding the channel of the Missis- 
 sippi in her front, and having successfully resisted all the efforts 
 of the Federal Government to reduce the place, had become by 
 the opening of the 1803, the great objective point witli the ene- 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 7 
 
 11) y. olierman's fine army on board bis transports^, witb Porter s 
 famous mortar fleet had come down the river. The land troops 
 were disembarked a few miles above Vicksbnrg. But after some 
 maneuvering and unimportant skirmishing, towards the close of 
 Januar}' he re-embarked his troops and withdrew from the vicin- 
 ity of the place. This failure of Sherman greatly chagrined the 
 enemy. The Northwestern States were anxious that the Missis- 
 sippi should be opened to their commerce, and a third expedition 
 was set on foot, upon a more magnificent scale, under the com- 
 mand of General Grant. Various schemes and plans were pro- 
 posed for the reduction of the place, but difficulties seemed to 
 confront the assailants at every point. Commodore Porter with 
 his fleet held the river, and it was deemed of great importance 
 that Admiral Farragut with his powerful naval armament from 
 below should co-operate in the attack upon the defences of Vicks- 
 burg. But in order to effect this co-operation, it was necessary 
 that the fleet of the latter should pass the batteries of Port Hud- 
 son. This attempt was made under cover of darkness on the 
 night of the 14th of March. The fleet consisted of nine heavy 
 steam vessels of war, and iron-clad gunboats, with six schooners. 
 The Confederates were prepared for the emergency. The batter- 
 ies reserv8d their fire until the fleet came within point blank 
 range, and then poured into it a well directed and most destruc- 
 tive fire. The leading ship, the Hartford, and one other, with 
 some damage succeeded in elYecting the passage, but such was the 
 destructive aim of the Confederate artillerists, that the remainder 
 of the fleet recoiled from the attempt, and drew off by falling 
 down the river. The Mississippi, one of the most formidable ves- 
 sels of the fleet, was so shattered by the shot and shell of the batter- 
 ies as to become unmanageable: she was deserted by her crew and 
 taking fire she blew up, and her fragments disappeared beneath 
 the waves. 
 
 In the meantime, the most formidable armament and outfit of 
 land and naval forces that the Federal Government had ever or- 
 ganized in the West, were being concentrated at Vicksburg. The 
 naval force lay in the river above the city, and the land forces 
 under Grant occupied the right bank. Every eflbrt that military 
 and naval science could bring into requistion, in order to effect 
 the reduction of the place was made, and the siege was prosecuted 
 
S ObR LIVI^iG AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 with redoubled energy — while at the same time the Conl'ederate- 
 commander was not indifferent to the dangers that were gather- 
 ing around him, but strengthened liis defences with all the mean& 
 and appliances placed within his reach ; and as Vicksburg had 
 »lefeated and driven off two besieging armaments, it was fondly 
 hoped througliout the Confederacy, she would be able not only 
 to defy, but to defeat and expel the third. But an event had oc- 
 (;urred early in January that had aroused some fears in the minds 
 of the less hopeful, that all things might not continue favorable 
 at Vicksburg. This was the fall of Arkansas Port situated about 
 two days march from the mouth of the river. It had an effective 
 force of 3,300 men commanded by Gen. Churchill, and controlled 
 the navigation of the river. The reduction of the place was effec- 
 ted by a combined attack of the land forces under Gen. McCler- 
 nand, and the navy under Admiral Porter. Through some 
 strange oversight, or neglect, this small force bad its line, or 
 chance of retreat, effectually cut off, and was thus cooped up and 
 compelled to surrender to overwhelming numbers. The fall of 
 this position afforded the enemy the complete control of the Ar- 
 kansas river, and the country around, and from its proximity to 
 N'icksburg afforded greater security to the troops operating 
 against it. 
 
 But of all the cities in the Confederacy, there was not one 
 against which Federal hate was more vindictive, or Federal ambi- 
 bition more maliciously directed, than Charleston. It was here 
 the war first opened, and here the "Stars and Stripes" were first 
 pulled down from over the walls of Sumter, and surrendered 
 upon the demands of Confederate authority, and no pains, nor 
 expense were spared in an outfit for the capture or destruction of 
 the place. The most formidable and improved ships of war, of 
 the latest and most improved models that naval architecture 
 could devise, with iron clad hulls, were fitted out at New York 
 and other Northern navy yards ; and a grand and imposing ar- 
 mament was assembled at Port Royal, a harbor held by the ene- 
 my not far from Savannah. In this formidable fleet were to be 
 found eight vessels of war, after the model of the "Monitor" which 
 fought the ill-fated "Virginia" in Hampton Roads, and which af- 
 terwards went down in a gale off Cape Hatteras on her way to 
 join the fleet. Among these formidable and imposing vessels of 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAR i) 
 
 war was the famous frigate Ironsides, whose hull was likewise e)>- 
 (;ased with iroi], and supposed to be entirely impervious to an}' 
 missiles ol warfare to be found either on land or sea. 
 
 Since the surrender of Fort Sumter the defences of the harbor 
 of Charleston had been greath^ strengthened and improved, prin- 
 cipally under the direction of Gen. Beauregard, who was believed 
 to be the best engineer in America. This distinguished chief- 
 tain had paid particular attention to the improvement of Forts 
 Moultrie and Sumter, in additon to which he had erected Battery 
 Bee. The three constituted the main defence to the entrance of 
 the harbor. 
 
 Late in the day, April the 7th, the long expected visit of the 
 hostile fleet took place. Admiral Dupont entered the harbor 
 with nine strange looking ships of war — such as had never been 
 seen in those waters before — carrying the most destructive and 
 formidible guns that had ever been mounted on ships of war. 
 His naval line of battle moved forward in silent grandeur. The 
 Confederate artillerists looked on undismayed, and patiently 
 awaited the signal to open fire. A little after 3 o'clock, P. M.,the 
 guns of Fort Sumter spoke out in thundering tones of death-like 
 defiance, while the batteries of Fort Moultrie, and Morris' and 
 Sullivan's islands joined in the terrible chorus. It soon became 
 apparent that Fort Sumter was the prime objective point of the 
 attack, as the main fire of the ironclads was directed against the 
 eastern face of its walls. 
 
 But the terrible fire of the heavy guns of the forts and batter- 
 ies soon began to tell an unmistakable tale. The ironclads grew 
 restless in their positions, and as shot after shot Avith damaging 
 effect warned them of their dangerous situation, they strove to 
 avoid the impending danger by changing positions for greater 
 security. Amid the terrible thunders of the battle, one of the 
 enemy's most formidable vessels, the Keokuk, boldly moved 
 up within a half mile of Sumter, as if she intended to lay the 
 walls of the hated fortress even w^h the ground. A few minutes 
 only were necessary to satisfy her of her mistake. Being terri- 
 bly damaged by the heavy guns of the fort, with struggling ef- 
 forts she was barely able to pull out of the melee and get from 
 under fire in order to keep from going to the bottom. Her ex- 
 ample was soon followed by the whole fleet, and in a damaged 
 
10 OLR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 condition it was withdrawn for safety to a secure position, under 
 ti galling conviction that they had sustained a severe defeat. 
 The action was over in less than an hour and Admiral Dupont 
 found it impossible to bring off the Keokuk, and abandoning her 
 as a wreck, he returned with his shattered fleet to Port Royal for 
 repairs. The loss of the Confederates w-as very small, and the 
 dam ige to the fortfi and batteries still less. The victory sent a 
 ihrill of joy throughout the Confederacy, for the issue had been 
 looked for with great solicitu-de and anxiety. 
 
 BATTLE OF KELLKV's FORI*. 
 
 AVe now ,turn our attention to events transpiring in Northern 
 Virginia. Tlie Federal army having been strongly reinforced by 
 cavalry, a grand raid was projected, to be conducted by General 
 Averill, at the head of a column numbering between three and 
 four thousand men. 
 
 On the night of the 16.th of March, the pickets of Fitzhugh 
 f jce's brigade, which were guarding Kelley's Ford on the Rappa- 
 liannock, were driven in, and the enemy's cavalry force crossed 
 the river with tlieir trains and took up a position, in order to 
 reconnoitre the country in front, before advancing. The brigade 
 of Lee was encamped at Culpepper Court House, and consisted of 
 the first, second, ^hird, fourth, and fifth regiments of Virginia 
 cavalry. 
 
 General J. E. B. Stuart w^as at Culpepper with Lee when the 
 news arrived of the advance of the enemy. The resolution was 
 immediately formed to attack the Federals at once, and thus 
 repel the advance. The troops had been inactive for some time, 
 and w^re " eager for a fight," being elated at the idea of meeting 
 the enemy in a fair fight. The bri-nde, numbering at the time, 
 less than nine hundred 'effective mounted men, was moved to the 
 vicinity of Kelley's Ford, and drawn up in line to hear the orders. 
 Gen. Stuart addressed them in his usual style. He told them 
 tliat the enemy was advancinj^and that he was in large force : 
 that they must now meet and whi[» them. That no Southern 
 soldier, fighting for country and honor, would be expected to do 
 anything less than his duty ; that the odds against them were 
 lieav}', consequently the greater necessity for hard fighting ; that 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. U 
 
 they must rely upon the sabre alone ; no carbines or pistols were 
 to be used. If the enemy should be routed, a vigorous pursuit 
 must bo made, and their destruction would be expected by the 
 General commanding. 
 
 The enem}'^ had formed his line transversely across the road 
 leading to Kelley's Ford, upon a tongue of land embraced in a 
 bend of the river, somewhat in the form of a horse shoe. Along 
 the front centre of his line ran a stone fence, and parallel with it 
 a ditch. In front the country was open for some distance. In 
 their rear a heavy body of woods would shield them in case of 
 disaster and retreat, while each flank was protected by his batte- 
 ries. Av^rill held this lino with about three thousand five hun- 
 dred men, a portion of whom were dismounted and posted behind 
 the stone fence and trees as sharpshooters. 
 
 The Confederate cavalry were drawn up in line in front of the 
 enemy's centre; the first regiment being on the right, and the 
 fifth upon the left, while the enemy's line overlapped both flankS; 
 owing to his superior numbers. In the rear and upon an emi- 
 nence Stuart posted his artillery, in a position which enfiladed a 
 part of the enemy's line, and which would secure a safe retreat in 
 case of disaster. Two companies were dismounted from the fifth, 
 and were advanced to act as sharpshooters. 
 
 The line of battle being in readiness, the troops sat in silence 
 in their saddles, with drawn sabres, awaiting the signal of attack. 
 It was given by the bugles sounding the charge. Then opened 
 the dreadful tumult of war. With a wild cheer the brigade 
 dashes upon the enemy's centre, across the field, over the ditch, 
 and up to the stone fence ; though a storm of shot and shell 
 charged these fragments of regiments. The enemy, terror stricken, 
 at the headlong fury of the charge, fled from the protection of 
 the fence to the more secure cover of the woods in their rear. 
 There beyond the reach of the sabre they halted and poured 
 volley after volley into the faces of the Confederates with impu- 
 nity. Desperate efforts were ma^ by some of the command to 
 ride down the fence and thus open a way to reach the enemy, but 
 the masonry was too solid. The efforts were useless. All that 
 human courage could do was done, but the terrible fire that was 
 directed upon the assailants, was too fatal and destructive to be 
 withstood. With broken and thinned ranks thev fell back to 
 
i2 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 their lir.st position and reformed, in order to try it again. Cliargo 
 after cliarge was made in rapid succession^ followed by repulse 
 after repulse. It was impossible to reach the enemy. After re- 
 })eated charges, followed by severe losses, the brigade was drawn 
 up in line to make one more desperate effort. The attempt was 
 to charge and capture the enemy's artillery, which commanded 
 the road. The 3rd and 5tli regiments were formed on the right 
 of the road, and the others on the left, and immediately in front 
 of the batteries. To have made this attack with ecpial numbers 
 would have been desperate; but the disproportion w^as certainly 
 as one is to four. It was the most desperate dash of the day. 
 Stuart and Lee placed themselves at the head of the column, and 
 when the charge was sounded, they led in per-son the last mounted 
 charge of the day. With a courage undaunted by successive 
 repulses, the}' charged furiously with a yell, through shot and 
 shell, grape and canister, up to the cannon's mouth, but only to 
 meet with repulse again. Broken and shattei-ed, they retired to 
 the first position of the morning. 
 
 Emboldened by the confusion ])roduced by the last repulse, the 
 enemy for the first time gave indications of assuming the offen- 
 sive. 
 
 Quitting tlieir cover, a large body of cavalry were thrown upon 
 the right fiank and rear of the Confederate line, while two regi- 
 ments charged the batteries. The fight was brief and bloody. 
 The enemy was broken and driven back to his lines. Both sides 
 now drew'ofiPto their original positions, and for a short time there 
 was a lull in the storm of battle that had been raging for hours. 
 General Stuart having found it to be impossible to pierce the 
 enemy's centre, and drive his force in confusion to the river, de- 
 termined to change his mode of attack. The brigade was dis- 
 mounted and required to fight on foot with the carbine. The 
 first regiment, under cemmand of Major Morgan, made a detour 
 to the right, and attacked successfully the left and rear of the 
 enemy ; while the other regir|pnts pressed his front. In about 
 thirty minutes the Federals began to give way at all points, and 
 in a short time were in full retreat. Stuart pressed the pursuit 
 as vigorously as possible. A number of prisoners, with some 
 baggage wagons, fell into the hands of Stuart and Lee. From 
 official documents captured during the action, it Avas evident that 
 
Omi LIVING Ai^D OUR DEAD. 13 
 
 the expedition had for it-> object the destmetioii of Ciordonsville 
 and the James River Canal. Stuart and Lee won a victory, but 
 at a dreadful cost. Nearly one-half the brigade was placed Jiors 
 du combat. Some valuable officers had fallen and were numbered 
 among the dead. Major Pelham, of the artillery, who had won 
 a well merited distinction on the battlefield at Fredericksburg, 
 though comparatively young, was among the slain. Other offi- 
 cers of distinction found soldiers graves on the same field. The 
 loss of the Federals was not so lieavy, as they fougiit principally 
 under cover. 
 
 In the former chapter, we left tlie armies of Lee and Burnside 
 confronting each other at Fredericksburg, in which positions they 
 spent the entire winter, while their nightly camp fires were 
 plainly visible to each other. The winter in Noithern Virginia 
 was very severe. Snows and frequent rains rendered the roads 
 impracticable for the movement of troops or baggage trains, and 
 the infantry of the two armies were doomed to that monotonous 
 state of camp life which is to be found in winter quarters. But 
 the Confederate cavalry, under the chivalrous Stuart, made sev- 
 eral aggressions upon the enemy by crossing the Rappahannock, 
 and effecting important captures in his rear. 
 
 The signal defeat which Burnside had sustained at Fredericks- 
 burg, proved ruinous to his military reputation and the fickle 
 masses of the North became clamorous for his removal from com- 
 mand. He was soon displaced and Major C4eneral Plooker 
 invested with the chief command. The bravery of this officer 
 will hardly be doubted, but his capacity for such a position ma^' 
 be questioned, as he so readily afforded unmistakable evidences 
 of his unfitness for such a. command, b^^ his stupid and blunder- 
 ing movements. Among the Federals he was generally spoken 
 of as " fighting Joe Hooker." But where or when he won his 
 claim to such an appreciation, it would he hard to determine. 
 The most striking trait of character as evinced by himself was. 
 that of an egotistic braggart ; and what had given him the most 
 reputation with the Federal Government was in all probability 
 his illiberal and unkind criticisms upon Gen. McClellan's cam- 
 paign from Yorktown to the Chickahorainy, as a witness before 
 a court of enquiry at Washington, and the use which the North- 
 ern newspapers inado of it. [\y this means he engineered him- 
 
14 OUR LIVING AhD OVR DEAD. 
 
 self into command, and we shall soon see liow lie engineered 
 himself out. One of the first things he undertook after assuming- 
 command, was " ballooning." On every calm day for about four 
 months, he would keep one or more balloons some hundreds of 
 feet up in the air, in which was placed an observer to watch the 
 movements in the camp of Lee and along the valley of the Rap- 
 pahannock. Perhaps the greatest amount of good effected by 
 this novel mode of obtaining information, was the amusement it 
 iifforded the Confederate soldiers, who were generally pleased to 
 see what they called " the Hornet's nests in the air." 
 
 Gen. Hooker proceeded to reorganize his army upon resuming 
 command, and formed it into nine corps; and such was the high 
 estimate M'hich he placed upon his grand military organization, 
 that ho pronounced it " the finest army upon the planet," when 
 in conversation with some of his friends in Washington. Its 
 numerical strength amounted to 150,000. Early in the spring 
 Gen. Lee had seen proper for commendable purposes, to send 
 General Longstreet down the right bank of the James River, to 
 threaten Suffolk, which was held by a strong column of the ene- 
 my, while Maj. General D. H. Hill was sent to take command of 
 the department of North Carolina. Longstreet invested Suffolk, 
 and the Federal commandant made every possible preparation 
 for the expected assault. In the mean time the forage wagons of 
 Longstreet traversed the country lying between that point and 
 Roanoke River, and in a few days the quartermasters and com- 
 missaries had gathered an immense supply of bacon and forage 
 of every description from the neighboring and rich counties of 
 Carolina. This being one of the prime objects to be effected by 
 Gen. Longstreet's movement, no determined assault was made 
 upon Suffolk. 
 
 On the night of the 28th of April, General Hooker began his 
 first offensive movement against General Lee. Being aware of 
 the absence of Lieut. Gen. Longstreet with a large portion of his 
 corps, he no doubt concluded that the opportune movement in 
 which to strike had come. Accordingly he threw across the 
 Rappahannock, under cover of darkness, the left wing of his 
 army, comprised of three corps, commanded by General Sedgwick, 
 and supposed to number 35,000 men. With the main body he 
 moved up [the river, and crossing at Germania, Ely and United 
 
OJJR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 15 
 
 States Fords, with no other opposition than such as the cayalry 
 pickets offered, he sent forward liis cavalry, under Gen. Stoneman 
 to seize and destroy the Richmond and Fredericksburg raih'oad 
 as well as the central road which ran from Richmond to Gor- 
 donsville, for the purpose of breaking up Lee's line of communi- 
 cation with his rear, and along which his army must receive its 
 supplies. While with the main body he moved down in the 
 direction of Gen. Lee's left flank, halted near a country tavern, 
 known by the name of Chancellorsville, on the old plank road 
 eleven miles from Fredericksburg, and began to entrench him- 
 self. The plan was truly one of bold conception. But notwith- 
 standing his vast superiorit}'' of numbers, which was as ten to 
 three, it hazarded too much in the presence of such men as L^e 
 and Jackson. He behaved like one unacc|uainted with the chiefs 
 he had to deal with. 
 
 Early on the morning of the 29th, General .Jackson, whose 
 headquarters were near Hamilton's Crossing, received notice that 
 the enemy was crossing near the Bernard House in strong force. 
 Notice was promptly sent forward to General Lee, and the 2d 
 corps was soon under arms, and prepared for his reception. L^ee 
 about the same time, received notice from Gen. Stuart, whose 
 cavalry guarded the fords above, that Hooker was crossing at 
 those points with a formidable body. From the movements of 
 the enemy our chiefs soon penetrated his designs. Sedgwick 
 began to fortify himself as soon as he had crossed, at the edge of 
 the plateau, near the river, in Which position his troops would 
 be under cover of the guns in his batteries on the Stafford heights ; 
 hence, it became apparent at once that the movement of this 
 column was intended as a feint in order to divert attention from 
 the main object of attack. 
 
 General Lee's plan for attack was soon formed. Leaving Gen- 
 eral Early with his division, supported by Barksdale's brigade of 
 Mississippians, to occupy the long line of works from Fredericks- 
 burg to Hamilton's Crossing, he marched with the divisions of 
 McLaws and Anderson, of Longstreet's corps, to meet the main 
 body of the enemy under Hooker in person. Chancellorsville is 
 situated at the junction of two roads running from Fredericks- 
 burg to Orange Court House. The one nearer the river is called 
 the Old Turnpike, the other is called the Plank Road. Their 
 
1<; OUR LlVL\a AND OLR DEAD. 
 
 distance apart is generally from one to two miles. Vvowi Clian- 
 rellorsvillc two other roads diverged. One running in a north, 
 easterly direction crossed the Rappahannock in the direction of 
 Bank's ford. The other after leaving the point called Chancel- 
 lorsville a short distance divided, when one branch leads to Uni- 
 ted States ford, on the Rappahannock, and the other to Ely's 
 ford, on the Rapidan, above the junction. Hooker had crossed 
 over his army principally at the fords last named, and concentrat- 
 ing them at Chancellorsville, he proceeded to fortify himself by 
 throwing up works of an irregular" character, conforming to the 
 irregularity of the ground, as it rose in gentle ridges or hillocks 
 along the rivulets. The forest around the farm of (."hancellors- 
 ville, is principally composed of tangled thickets of undergrowth 
 and was known by the appellation of the Wilderness. The 
 strange and irregular works were concealed in these tangled 
 thickets, and nearly embraced two other larms in their compass, 
 and extending nearly two miles. None but a line of battle could 
 discover their true position and that only at a short dis- 
 tance; and what greatly contributed to their strength was a line 
 of abattis in front strongly formed of brushwood, so arranged as 
 to constitute a formidable obstacle in the way of an assailing 
 force. The whole North was Jubilant when the news reached 
 Washington and New York by the wires, that "Fighting Joe" 
 bad crossed the Rappahannock, entrenched himself upon Lee's 
 Hank, thrown his left wing over in front of his right, and had 
 >cnt his whole cavalry force upon the rear. One general 0})in. 
 ion was that Lee could neither fight, nor retreat, but would be 
 forced to surrender. 
 
 The divisions of McLaws and Anderson preceded thu corps of 
 .fackson on the march, and about three miles east from Chancel- 
 lorsville they came in contact \vith the enemy's advance, on the 
 oOth, and immediately drew up in line of battle at Tabernacle 
 Church, which place afforded a favorable position for defence ; 
 the right and left flanks being defended by both cavalry and ar- 
 tillery, and awaited the arrival of Gen. Stuart with his division 
 of cavalry. 
 
 General Jackson withdrew his divisions after dark, on the eve- 
 ning of the 30th, from his position before Fredericksburg, and 
 marched to the vicinity of Spotsylvania Court House, a distance 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD, 17 
 
 of about ten miles where his troops rested until the dawn of day. 
 This movement was effected without being observed by the ene- 
 my, under Sedgwick, in his front. On Friday, the first day of 
 May, Jackson reached the line of battle held by the divisions of 
 McLaws and Anderson, about 11 o'clock, A. M. This line when 
 strengthened by Jackson's corps, covered both the plank and 
 turnpike roads, running from Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville 
 and extending beyond the latter to the river. Some lively and 
 desultory fighting took place on this day. The prime object of 
 the Confederate commanders was to develop the true position of 
 the enemy's line. His skirmishers and sharpshooters were grad- 
 ually driven back by the sharpshooters of Lee, until the front 
 line held by Hooker was plainly developed. Both armies were 
 enveloped in the dense thickets, in which it was almost impossi- 
 ble for the soldier to recognize his foe at a distance beyond fifty 
 yards. Night came on, and the murderous crack of the sharp- 
 shooters rifle was lulled to silence. The moon threw her pale 
 light upon the scene, as if to invite the martialled hosts to peace 
 and to rest. The Confederate chiefs met in council. Stuart had 
 made a close reconnoisance with his cavalry, on the west and 
 northwest of Hooker's position, and had learned from prisoners 
 taken something like a correct outline of his position, the plan of 
 his defences, and the configuration of his camp, as well as the 
 actual strength of the vast host encamped around Chancellors- 
 ville, which was computed at 90,000. All concurred in the opin- 
 ion that the enemy must be attacked on the next day, and if 
 possible, driven from his position. General Jackson proposed the 
 plan of a movement around the right flank of Hooker, and a 
 furious attack upon his rear, as the most feasible plan by which 
 to disconcert this boasting General, and thus throw his forces 
 into confusion, and by concert press him both in front and rear 
 at the same time. The suggestion and plan of Jackson was 
 adopted by Gen. Lee; and Jackson with his three divisions 
 marched at daybreak to execute the part assigned hira upon the 
 right and rear of Hooker, This movement was one attended 
 with great danger ; and was such as could only be successfully 
 executed by a master spirit in the art of war. To divide the inferior 
 army of Lee into two parts in the immediate presence of this vastly 
 superior army of the foe, and by the movement to bring on battle, 
 2 
 
18 OVR LIllNG AJ^D OUR DEAD. 
 
 by placing one portion on his rear, while the other remained in 
 position offering him battle in front, seems to be without a precedent 
 in the annals of warfore. If the movement had been discovered by 
 Hooker, and his abilities as a commander had been equal to the en- 
 terprise, he would have had an opportunity to crush, and thus ruin 
 the Confederate forces in a few hours. But Lee and Jackson were 
 not novices in the art of war. Having furnished himself with 
 the necessary guides who were well acquainted with the country 
 and all its roads, he moved southward and westward along pri- 
 vate roads by way of Catharine Furnace, a place of notoriet}'- in 
 the days of other years, while Gen. Stuart with his cavalry and 
 some infantry pickets moving upon his right, and occupying all 
 the roads and passes between the marching column and the ene- 
 my, completely masked the movement and kept Hooker in com- 
 plete ignorance of what was going on ; while Lee, with two 
 divisions, was diverting his attention in front. Soon after the 
 corps of Jackson had passed Catharine Furnace, it turned by 
 another road to the northwest, and fell into the old plank road 
 above Chancellorsville, leaving the Stonewall brigade to hold this 
 road, as he was now upon the rear of the enemy, he continued 
 his march until he reached the Old Turnpike, a short distance 
 further northward, halting near a small stream called Wilderness 
 Run, six miles from Chancellorsville. This much had been made 
 between daybreak and 3 o'clock P. M., and his corps, with its 
 artillery and baggage trains had been conducted along narrow 
 and intricate roads a distance of fifteen miles with marvelous 
 success. The divisions and brigades being all up a short respite 
 for rest was allowed. But the anxious mind of Jackson was not 
 at rest. He was close upon the foe, and he wanted to strike. 
 Having penned a short note to General Lee, informing him of 
 his safe arrival at the position upon the enemy's rear, and of his 
 determination to attack, he proceeded at once to arrange his 
 troops in order of battle to move to the assault- 
 To be Continued. 
 
OVR LIVING Am OUR DEAD. 19 
 
 C}E\\ LAME'S REPORT OF THE BATTLE OF JERICHO'S 
 FORD. 
 
 Headquarters Lane's Brigade, 
 
 September 20th, 1864 
 Major — I have the honor to report that we left the church in 
 the neighborhood of Spots3'lvania Court House, after dark on the 
 21st of May, marched until 2 o'clock that night, resumed our 
 march at 4| o'clock on the morning of the 22d, and bivouacked 
 about noon that day near Hewlett's Station, on the Central Rail- 
 road. At 6 o'clock A. M. on the 23rd, we moved still further 
 down the railroad, and about noon went into camp close to the 
 South Anna River and near Anderson's Station. That afternoon 
 we were ordered up the railroad, formed line of battle on the 
 right of McGowan, perpendicular to the road, and threw forward' 
 a portion of our sharpshooters. The 7th regiment was soon after- 
 wards detached to guard a ford on the river. We were subse- 
 quently ordered still further up the road, our sharpshooters being 
 left deployed in front of our old position. Formed line of battle 
 again on McGowan's right, but this time parallel to the railroad; 
 and with skirmishers thrown forward, advanced upon the enemy 
 at Jericho Ford in the following order from right to l^ft : 18th, 
 37th, 33rd, and 28th. We soon drove in the enemy's skirmishers, 
 and after advancing about 400 yards into the woods in our front, 
 we became actively engaged with the main line of battle posted 
 on a commanding ridge, when a portion of the troops on our left 
 gave way. I at once apprised Gen. Wilcox of the fact through 
 my Adjutant General, Captain Hale. The General replied that 
 it was not so, and ordered me to push on. We were then in ad- 
 vance of McGowan's brigade. Soon after this orde^' was received . 
 the 37th N. C. Regiment of my own command, broke and ran 
 back. I then ordered the ottier three regiments back to the edge 
 of the woods, where the 37th was being rallied, as my line was.- 
 broken and there was no one on my left. Having reformed the 
 line, in obedience to orders from Gen. Wilcox, I again advanced 
 it into the woods, when the 37th again broke. The other three 
 regiments, however, in both advances, held their ground and: 
 fought very gallantly, until ordered back. While the 18th, 28th 
 
20 
 
 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 and 33d regiments all fell back in a cool and orderly manner. 
 Lieut. Col. Cowan is deserving special praise for the handsome 
 manner in which he withdrew the 33d ; the attention of his men 
 being constantly called to Co. B, of that regiment, which, under 
 its brave commander, Capt. E. Price, was marching by the rear 
 rank, with arms shouldered as though it were on drill. We re- 
 formed the second time in the open field in rear of the woods, 
 advanced again to the edge of the woods, threw out a strong line 
 of skirmishers and succeeded in bringing off all our dead and 
 wounded. We were relieved that night about 11 o'clock by 
 Davis' brigade of Heth's division. We then formed on the rail- 
 road and commenced fortifying, but before day we were moved 
 to Anderson's Station where we entrenched and remained until 
 ;the 27th. 
 
 I regret to have to state that Lieut. H. J. Costner, Company B^ 
 28th Regiment, was killed in this engagement. Lieut. Costner 
 was a brave officer, and conscientious in the discharge of all his 
 duties. 
 
 Lieut. Jno. M. Cochrane, Company D, 37th Regiment, behaved 
 very handsomely. 
 
 LIST OF CASUALTIS ON THE 23d OF MAY AT JERICHO FORD. 
 
 
 KIT 
 
 LED. 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 MIS 
 
 SING. 
 
 TOTAL. 
 
 AGGREGATE. 
 
 
 Offl. 
 
 Men. 
 
 Offi. 
 
 Men. 
 
 Offi. 
 
 Men. 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 Offl. 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Men. 
 
 2 
 (! 
 
 28 
 36 
 
 22 
 
 
 7th N C Re"- 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 23 
 
 27 
 19 
 
 74 
 
 
 2 
 
 18th 
 28th 
 
 33rd " 
 37th 
 
 ..._.. 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 6 
 30 
 
 38 
 54 
 
 Grand Total, 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 94 
 
 100 
 
 "5 Killed — 28th Regiment — Lieut. H. J. Costner, Co. B. 
 
 Officers Wounded — 28th Regiment — Lieut. R. D. Rhyne, Co. 
 B.; 33d regiment, Capt. J. A. Weston, Co. F., and Lieut. J. W 
 Gibbs, Co. F.; 37th regiment, Lieut. J. B. Somerville, Co. B.; and 
 Lieut. J. M. Grimsley, Co. K. 
 
 On the 27th we left Anderson's and bivouacked that night near 
 Ashland. Next morning we resumed our march at 3 o'clock and 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 21 
 
 camped that afternoon near Shady Grove Church, where we re- 
 mained until the afternoon of the 29th, when we were ordered 
 back a short distance and bivouacked for the night near Atlee's. 
 Next morning we formed line of battle on the right of McGowan^ 
 and entrenched near the railroad. On the 31st we were ordered 
 to Storr's (or Stowe's) farm on the Tottapottamoi Creek, near Pole 
 Green Church, where we relieved Wofford's brigade. We were 
 here engaged in ver}^ heavy skirmishing all that day, besides 
 being subjected to a terrible artillery fire, losing about twenty 
 killed and wounded. On the 1st of June we moved back and 
 built a new line of works, the old one being held by a strong line 
 of skirmishers. Next day we marched to Cold Harbor where we 
 entrenched in the second line. That afternoon we supported 
 Wharton's brigade of Breckenridge's division in its advance upon 
 Turkey Ridge, and afterwards took position between that brigade 
 and Thomas' on ihe right near the McGee house. Here I was 
 wounded by one of the enemy's sharpshooters, and the command 
 of the brigade devolved upon Col. Jno. D. Barry. 
 
 CASUALTIES FROM MAY 24tH, TO JUNE 3d, INCLUSIVE. 
 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 MISSING. 
 
 TOTAL. 
 
 AGGREGATE. 
 
 
 Offlc. 
 
 Men. 
 
 Offic. 
 
 Men. 
 
 Offic. 
 
 Men. 
 
 Offic. 
 
 Men. 
 
 
 Gen. Staff, 
 7th N C Res- 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 "i" 
 
 .5 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 "'4' 
 
 7 
 7 
 2 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 4 
 () 
 6 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 ist h " 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 28tli " 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 38rd " 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 37th 
 
 
 i 1 
 
 
 Grand Total, 
 
 4 
 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 '31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Officers Wounded — General Staff — Brig. Gen. James H. Lane. 
 7th Regiment, Capt. J. S. Harris, Co. B., and Lieut. J. M. Alex- 
 ander, Co. H.; ISth regiment, Lieut. Camden Lewis, Co. B.; 37th. 
 regiment, Lieut. A. F. Yandle, Co. I. 
 Respectfully, 
 
 James H. Lane, 
 Brig. General. 
 
 Maj. Jas. a. Engelhard, 
 
 A. & A. G. of Wilcox's Light Division. 
 
22 OUR LIVING AND OVR DEAD. 
 
 From an Editorial in Petersburg Index, Sept. lltli, 1867- 
 POLLARD'S IVEW BOOK. 
 
 Ill Pollard's new work, "Lee and his Lieutenants," in the sketch 
 of Major General Cadmus M. Wilcox's career, there occurs an 
 error into which the author should not have fallen, considering 
 his, claimed acquaintance with the composition of General Lee's 
 Army. 
 
 On page 500 the following occurs : 
 
 "From this summary record we must detach one incident that 
 glorified the last da3^s of the Confederacy, and is generally related 
 as having closed, with illuminated scroll, the career of the Army 
 of Northern Virginia. It is the stor}' of the defenders of Fort 
 Gregg. Whose troops they were that gave this last example of 
 devotion on Gen. Lee's lines had been subject to some doubt; but 
 it is now certain that they were of Gen. Wilcox's command." 
 
 It is certain that no such thing is the case. The infantry gar- 
 rison at Fort Gregg was composed of the Mississippi briga<le of 
 Harris, formerly Posey's, and the brigade was from the battle of 
 Manassas to Appomattox a part of R. H. Anderson's, latterly 
 Mahone s division. 
 
 On the same page, Gen. Wilcox is accredited with three per- 
 formances erroneously. He was not engaged, except sliglitly 
 on the first evening at the Wilderness, his troops did not hold 
 their own on the 12tli of May at Spotsylvania, and instead of 
 achieving success at Jericho Ford, May 24th, as Pollard relates, 
 his brigades, (Lane's and McGowan's) behaved most disgracefully 
 and were replaced by Davis' and Cooke's troops of Heth's division. 
 
 On page 522, in the biography of Gen. Field, of Virginia, the 
 historian relates that his division, when surrendered, constituted 
 more than half of General Lee's force then under arms. This is 
 not so. The divisions of Field and Mahone, together, did form 
 the larger portion of the army. Why the silence in regard to the 
 latter corps, which rendered as splendid service on the retreat as 
 was ever performed in the Halcyon days of the Confederacy ? 
 
 From the Richmond Dispatch. 
 THE TRUTH OF HISTORY — A LETTER FROM BRIG. GEN. LANE. 
 
 Richmond, Va., Sept. 19th, 1867. 
 The Petersburg Index, in its editorial notice of Mr. Pollard's 
 
OUR LIVING AJ\D OUR DEAD. 23 
 
 new work entitled "Lee and his Lieutenants," does great injus- 
 tice to Lane's North Carolina brigade and the other gallant troops 
 composing Wilcox's division. 
 
 That paper asserts ' Wilcox was not engaged, except slightly, 
 on the first evening at the Wilderness," whereas Heth's and Wil- 
 cox's divisions were both hotly engaged, and succeeded in keep- 
 ing back two or more corps of the Federal army. In my official 
 report I stated that we — that is, my brigade — were the last troops 
 to become engaged, and, without hope of assistance, kept up the 
 unequal contest from about 5 o'clock, P. M., until 9. My aggre- 
 gate loss in the fights of the 5th and 6th was 415. 
 
 The next error is in the assertion that "Wilcox's troops did not 
 hold their own on the 12th of May at Spotsylvania." Gen. Early 
 however, is of a different opinion; for in his "Memoir of the Last 
 Year of the War for Independence," page 25, he says : 
 
 "On this morning the enemy made a very heavy attack on 
 Ewell's front, and broke the line where it was occupied by John- 
 ston's division. A portion of the attacking force swept along 
 Johnston's line to Wilcox's left, and was checked by a prompt 
 movement on the part of Brigadier-General Lane, who was on 
 that flank. As soon as the firing was heard. Gen. Wilcox sent 
 Thomas' and Scales' brigades to Lane's assistance, and they ar- 
 rived just as Lane's brigade had repulsed this body of the enemy^ 
 and they pursued it for a short distance. As soon as Mahone's 
 division arrived from the left, Perrin's and Harris' brigades of 
 that division were sent to Gen. Swell's assistance, and were car- 
 ried into action under his orders. Brigadier-General Perrin was 
 killed and Brigadier-General McGowan severely wounded, while 
 gallanth' leading their respective brigades into action ; and all 
 the brigades sent to Ewell's assistance suffered severely. 
 
 "Subsequently, on the same day, under orders from Gen. Lee, 
 Lane's brigade of Wilcox's division and Mahone's own brigade 
 (under Col. Weisiger) were thrown to the front for the purpose of 
 moving to the left and attacking the flank of the column of the 
 enemy which had broken Ewell's line, to relieve the pressure on 
 him, and, if possible, recover the part of the line which had been 
 lost. Lane's brigade commenced the movement, and had not 
 proceeded far when it encountered and attacked, in a piece of 
 woods in front of my line, the Ninth Corps, under Burnside 
 
24 OUR LIVJhG AND OLR DEAD. 
 
 moving up to attack a salient on my front. Lane captured over 
 three hundred (300) prisoners and three battle-flags, and his at- 
 tack on the enemy's flank, taking him by surprise, no douii contri- 
 buted materially to his repulse. Mahone's brigade did not become 
 seriously engaged. The attacking column which Lane encoun- 
 tered got up to within a very short distance of a salient defended 
 by Walker's brigade of Hcth's division, under Col. Mayo, before 
 it was discovered, as there was a pine thicket in front, under cover 
 of which the advance was made. A heavy fire of musketry from 
 Walker's brigade, and Thomas' which was on its left, and a fire 
 of artillery from a considerable number of guns from Heth's line, 
 were opened with tremendous effect upon the attacking column, 
 and it was driven back with heavy loss, leaving its dead in front 
 of our works. This affair took place under the eye of Gen. Lee 
 himself." 
 
 The original of the following communication is still in my 
 possession : 
 
 "Hd. Qrs. Army op Northern Virginia, \ 
 On the Battle-field, May 13, 1864. j 
 Gen. C. M. Wilcox, Commanding Division : 
 
 General : — General Lee directs me to acknowledge the receipt 
 of the flags captured by Lane's brigade in its gallant charge of 
 yesterday, and to say that they will be forwarded to the Honora- 
 ble Secretary of War with the accompanying note and the names 
 of the brave captors. 
 
 I am, very respectfully, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 C. S. Venable, a. D. C." 
 
 The Index is again mistaken when it says : "Instead of achiev- 
 ing success at Jericho Ford, May 24th, as Pollard relates, his bri- 
 gades (Lane's and McGowan's) behaved most disgracefully, and 
 were replaced by Davis' and Cooke's troops of Heth's division." 
 The 37th regiment alone of my brigade beliaved badly on that 
 occasion ; but in justice to this regiment, it must be remembered 
 that it lost its Colonel and many of its bravest company officers 
 in the fight of the 12th. The 7th was guarding a point on the 
 river, and was not actively engaged. The other three regiments 
 fought very gallantly, drove the enemy back to a commanding 
 position near the river, held the ground over which they fought, 
 removed all their dead and w^ounded, and were not relieved by 
 
OhR LIVING AND OJjR DEAD. ' 25 
 
 Davis' brigade until 11 o'clock that night, at which time the 
 fighting had ceased. 
 
 Lastly, the Index denied that Fort Gregg was defended by any 
 part of Wilcox's command and says : "The infantry garrison at 
 Fort Gregg was composed entirely of members of the Mississippi 
 brigade of Harris, formerly Posey's." This assertion is not true. 
 The true defenders of Fort Gregg were a part of Lane's North 
 Carolina brigade, Walker's supernumerary artillerists of A. P- 
 Hill's corps, armed as infantry, and a part of Chew's Maryland 
 battery. Harris' brigade and a few pieces of artillery occupied 
 Fort Alexander, which was to the rear of Fort Gregg and higher 
 up the Appomattox ; and that fort was evacuated, the infantry 
 and artillery retiring to the inner line of works, before Fort Gregg 
 was attacked in force. I have letters from Lieutenants Snow, 
 Craige, Howard and Rigler of my brigade, who were in Fort 
 Gregg when it fell ; and these officers estimate the number of 
 Harris' brigade in that fort at not more than twenty, including a 
 Lieut. Col. Duncan and his Adjutant, while they estimate the 
 number from my brigade to have been at least three-fourths of 
 the entire force. 
 
 I commanded a North Carolina brigade from the battle of 
 Sharpsburg to the surrender at Appomattox Court House, aiKl 
 during that time, with the single exception of the 37tli regiment 
 at Jericho Ford, my entire command always behaved most gal- 
 lantly, and won for themselves an enviable Army reputation. 
 
 James H. Lane, 
 late Brigadier- General C. S. A. 
 
 THE ROLL OF IIOI^OR. 
 
 It will be remembered that while publishing Our Living and 
 Our Dead in the form of a newspaper, we extracted from the 
 books of the " Roll of Honor," preserved in the State Library, all 
 that was found relating to the organization and history of North 
 Carolina regiments, omitting persona,] sketches and remarks con- 
 cerning officers and men, which the " muster rolls " contained. 
 Although these are so meagre as to give but little idea to the gen- 
 eral reader of the splendid material of which our regiments were 
 composed, we have thought it best to publish them, that they may 
 furnish some data for the future chronicler of the heroic deeds of 
 
26 OLR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 the '' Boys in Gray," furnished to the Confederacy by North Car- 
 olina. Introductory to these brief sketches we give the " Resolu- 
 tions providing for a Roll of Honor, with the remarks of Dr. 
 Beall, who introduced them. 
 
 The resolutions in regard to the "Roll of Honor," were first 
 introduced by Dr. R. Lamar Beall, member of the House of Com- 
 mons from Davidson county, who thus addressed the House : 
 
 KKMAJUCS OF MR. BEALL. 
 
 I am persuaded, Mr. Speaker, that every member of this As- 
 sembly should feel a deep sense of gratitude to that Divine 
 Providence which has raised up such an army as ours, and has 
 enabled that army to stand as a wall of fire between all that we 
 hold dear and the dcsc^lating fury and savage hate of our ruthless 
 foes. I am sure, sir, that every North Carolinian, with a true 
 Southern heart, rejoices in the fame won by the arms of her sons, 
 on the glorious plains of Richmond, Manassas, Antietam, in the 
 bloody passes of Boonsboro, and many other hard fought fields. 
 I am sure that he is proud of those great leaders, who, with the 
 calmness of Christian martyrs, relying on the justness of their 
 cause and an Overruling rrovidence, have borne aloft our flag 
 amidst the storm of carnage and death, and whose names will not 
 perish. AVe are proud tluit their great names are on the public 
 records of the day, and that they have become household w-^^ds. 
 But, sir, while we cherish a just pride in our great leaders, let us 
 not forget those who follow tliem ; those who bear the brunt of 
 the battles ; those against whom the hosts of tyranny are broken 
 as the waves that dash against the rock -bound shore. The brave 
 meili in the ranks are as much entitled to our admiration and our 
 gratitude as those who point out the path of glory. There are 
 men in the ranks whose patriotism, whose courage, whose heroic 
 daring equal that of our most famous chieftains ; and yet we have 
 no public record of their names ; they are never mentioned, per- 
 haps never known, beyond the immediate circle of their comrades 
 in battle. It is for the purpose of letting those brave men know 
 that their patient endurance and their gallant deeds are not for- 
 gotten, but will be lianded down to other generations, that I pro- 
 pose this record. 
 
 But, sir, there is anotlier class of our noble soldiery entitled to 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 27 
 
 a place in this Roll of Honor. Go with me to that lonely tent 
 over which floats the flag of suflering and death. See that manly 
 form wasted with disease and racked with pain, and no soft hand 
 to smooth his hard pillow. See him sink into the silent grave 
 without a stone to mark his last resting place, with no loved ones 
 near to scatter flowers over tne sacred solitary mound. That man 
 left a fond wife and tender children, and all the endearments of 
 a happy home ; at the call of his country, he sprang forward in 
 defence of liberty ; he " endured hardship as a good soldier in 
 his country's cause ;" and now he lies down in an unknown 
 grave. That man is as much entitled to a place in the Roll of 
 Honor, and to our gratitude as he who dies amid the shouts of 
 battle. 
 
 •' With the red blade broken in his hand." 
 
 And, sir, are not the daughters of North Carolina entitled to a 
 place on the Roll of Honor as well as her sons ? Language is 
 inadequate to express my admiration for our nobl^ women. I 
 do not know how we could sustain ourselves in this struggle 
 against tyranny, without their encouraging smiles and self-deny- 
 ing exertions. The lovely daughters of the South have an in- 
 stinctive appreciation of what is right, and an instructive hatred 
 of all tyranny. Hence, in the beginning of this struggle they 
 were arrayed in bitter hostility against the Northern despotism ; 
 hence, you see the fond wife, while her heart is sad at the neces- 
 sity of parting, and her eyes dimmed with tears, buckling the 
 sword on her husband's side, and bidding him God-speed in the 
 defence of all he holds dear; hence you see the mothers, the 
 sisters and maidens of this fair land bidding their sons, their 
 brothers, and their lovers go forth to battle for the righteous 
 cause. You know that their prayers in our behalf, like sweet 
 incense, are ascending to Heaven and are renlembered by a 
 prayer-hearing God. You see them like ministering angels 
 around the couch of the sick and wounded. You see them ten- 
 dering those sympathies " that steal from life its bitterness, and 
 spread over care and suffering the sweet ministering hand of 
 kindness and love " We delight to encircle with laurel the brow 
 of the conquering hero ; we love to build lasting monuments to 
 martial fame, the names of those renowned for mighty deeds 
 
28 OUR LinNQ AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 shine with peculiar lustre upon the pages of history; but when 
 the history of this glorious struggle is written, no page will shine 
 with brighter lustre than that which records the sweet charity, 
 the patient endurance, and the lieroic fortitude of the lovely 
 daughters of the South. 
 
 Then let this roll of the noble dead and the gallant living be 
 made. Let it be a record of martyrdom for independence ; let 
 it be a record of gratitude for our lovely women. And when our 
 children shall, in future days, come up to this temple, let them 
 turn over these sacred pages and learn how to endure, liow to 
 suffer, and, if need be, how to die in defence of just and righteous 
 principles. 
 
 RESOLUTIONS PROVIDING FOR A ROLL OF HONOR. 
 
 Whereas, It is becoming that every State show its gratitude 
 to its defenders; and whereas, our noble soldiers, by their patient 
 endurance, their heroic fortitude, and their undaunted valor are 
 doubly entitled to our gratitude and the admiration of the world, 
 and whereas, our noble women have materially contributed to 
 the defence of the country by their active benevolence which 
 alleviates the sufferings and promotes the comfort and efficiency 
 of our soldiers ; therefore 
 
 Resolved, That this General Assembly authorize the Governor, 
 to prepare a book to be called the Roll of Honor, in which shall 
 be placed the name, rank, regiment, and residence of every soldier 
 of this State who has died or may die in the service of his country 
 during the present war. 
 
 Resolved, That in the same book shall be placed the name, rank, 
 regiment, and residence of every soldier of this State, who has 
 distinguished himself in the service of the country during the 
 present war. 
 
 Resolved, That this General Assembly hereby records its heart- 
 felt gratitude to the noble women of this State who have done so 
 much to alleviate the sufferings of our soldiers, and to sustain 
 our most righteous cause ; and that the Governor may, if he 
 thinks expedient, record the distinguished names in the Roll of 
 Honor. 
 
 Read three times and ratified in the General Assembly, this 
 20th day of December A. D. 1862. 
 
 (Signed) R. S. Donnell, S. H. C. 
 
 Giles Mebane, S. S. 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 29 
 
 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT N. C. 
 Adjutant General's Office, 
 
 Raleigh, Sept. 14th, 1863. 
 Special Orders, "I 
 No. 51. / 
 I. James H. Foote, Captain and A. A. G., is specially assigned 
 to duty in preparing a Roll of Honor of the soldiers of North 
 Carolina, (see resolutions of General Assembly of 1862, autho- 
 rizing the Governor to prepare a book to be called the Roll of 
 Honor, &c.,) and will proceed immediately to the discharge of 
 said duty. 
 
 By order of Governor Vance. 
 
 (Signed) R. C. Gatlin, 
 
 Adjutant General. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT, N. C. TROOPS. 
 
 Montford S. Stokes, Colonel 1st regiment, left his quiet home 
 at the commencement of hostilities, raised a company of volun- 
 teers and tendered it to the Government and was immediately 
 offered the command of a regiment of twelve month volunteers 
 which he declined, and was then appointed Colonel of the 1st 
 Regiment of Gtate Troops to serve during the war. This noble 
 regiment he commanded up to the time he was mortally woun- 
 ded, June 26, 1862, at Ellyson's Mills, Va. Had he lived his mil- 
 itary skill and bearing would have raised him to a much higher 
 position in the army. Col. Stokes was a popular commander 
 had received a military education, and served in the Mexican 
 War as Major of the North Carolina Regiment. While in Mexico 
 he w^as presented with a magnificent sword by his regiment. 
 
 Tristram L. Skinner, 2d Major, was killed in battle, June 26, 
 1862. He fell while bravely charging the enemy — he was an of- 
 ficer capable of filling the highest position. His death was greatly 
 lamented. 
 
 John A. Benbury, Captain Co. A, killed at the battle of Malvern 
 Hill, July 1, 1862. A brave officer whose death w^as much la- 
 mented. 
 
 John L. R. Miller, Captain Co. H, killed in battle at Winches- 
 ter, Va. Universally admired as a gallant officer. 
 
 Wm. D. Scarborough, 1st Lieutenant Co. I, died of disease 
 
30 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 while on niarcli, at Frederick City, Md. He was a good officer 
 and gallant man. 
 
 Jas. J. Terrell, 2d Lieutenant Co. I, resigned Jan. 31, 1863. 
 Leg amputated from wounds received in the battle of Malvern 
 Hill, July 1, 1802. He was in all the battles around Richmond 
 and behaved well in time of danger. 
 
 Jno. D. Lack, 2d Lieutenant Co. D, mortally wounded at the 
 battle of Chancellorsville. He distinguished himself in many 
 hard fought battles, and was brevetted 2d Lieutenant for gallant 
 conduct at the battle of Sharpsburg. 
 
 John A. Morgan, private Co. A, promoted to 2d Lieutenant 
 Dec. 26, 1862, for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battle 
 of Malvern Hill. 
 
 Daniel M. Carlton, private Co. B, was severely wounded in the 
 battle at Malvern Hill. Appointed Sergeant, May 1862. Slight- 
 ly wounded at Chancellorsville ; showed great courage at Win- 
 chester and Gettysburg ; appointed 1st Sergeant, June 10, 1863. 
 
 Isaac N. Martin, private Co. B, killed in battle at Chancellors- 
 ville, was appointed Sergeant for gallant conduct. Never missed 
 a battle. 
 
 Alfred W. Wilbor, private Co. B, was promoted to Ordnance 
 Sergeant for gallant conduct in battle of Sharpsburg, Md. 
 
 Wm. E. Newlin, private Co. B, was killed in battle at Sharps- 
 burg. He acted gallantly in that hard fought battle. 
 
 Chas. T. J. Houser, private Co. D, promoted to Sergeant for 
 good conduct in every battle. 
 
 John Williams, private Co. D, promoted to Corporal for good 
 conduct in every battle. 
 
 Geo. A. Barr, 2d Sergeant Co. E — as good a soldier as the Con- 
 federacy has produced. Died of disease from exposure while on 
 duty. 
 
 Somerset Bryant, 1st Corporal Co. E, a good man and faithful 
 soldier. Promoted to Sergeant. 
 
 Evan Atkinson, private Co. E, has been with his regiment in 
 every battle and always did his duty. 
 
 Geo. A. Lumsden, private Co. E, has been in every battle in 
 which his regiment has taken part, — is now a Corporal 
 and worthy of all praise as a good soldier. 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 31 
 
 Wm. "W. Peacock, private Co. E, has acted with distinguished 
 courage in every battle — now a Sergeant. 
 
 Henry Robinson and Henry Ramsey, privates Co. E, are faith- 
 ful soldiers. 
 
 Seth Waltham, private Co. E, a good soldier — worthy of 
 all praise. 
 
 Henry G. Williams, private Co. E, a brave soldier. Killed at 
 Sharpsburg. 
 
 David R. Whitsell, private Co. E, a lad of great promise — fights 
 like a brave man, 
 
 Lawrence Albriglit, private Co. E, wounded at Sharpsburg — a 
 brave man, killed in battle of Mine Run. 
 
 Rob't. J. Faucett, in many battles. An excellent soldier. 
 
 Addison Garner, private Co. E, wounded at Sharpsburg— pro- 
 moted to Sergeant for gallant conduct, and wounded again at 
 Chancellorsville. 
 
 Kinsey Leving, Samuel E. Thompson and George Whitesall, 
 privates Co. E, in many battles — brave soldiers. 
 
 Edward D. Johnson, private Co. F, wounded in the battle at 
 Ellyson's Mills, and again at Chancellorsville, having at the lat- 
 ter place, received three wounds before leaving the field. 
 
 Joseph Taylor, 3d Sergeant Co. H, wounded severely in hip in 
 battle at Petersburg. Acted well in many battles. Wounded 
 also at Gaines Mills. 
 
 John Taylor, 4th Sergeant Co. H, killed at Chancellorsville. 
 He acted nobly in every battle in which he was engaged. 
 
 Noah Asby, private Co. H, never absent until severely wounded 
 May 2, 1863. He has acted nobly. 
 
 Isaac Gutherin, private Co. H, a praiseworthy soldier. Woun- 
 ded at Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863. 
 
 James R. Gurganus, private Co. H, a soldier worthy of great 
 praise. Wounded at Chancellorsville. 
 
 Eli Gurganus, private Co. H, promoted to Corporal. He has 
 acted nobly in every battle in which he has been engaged. 
 
 John L. Mobly, private Co. H, one of the best soldiers in the 
 Confederate army, promoted to Corporal. Wounded at Mine 
 Run. 
 
 Henry H. Tweedy, private Co. H, wounded at Malvern Hill 
 and killed at Sharpsburg. A brave soldier. 
 
32 OUR LIVING AISD OUR DEAD. 
 
 Henry D. Taylor, private Co. H, died at Richnaond. He 
 fought bravely around Richmond. 
 
 McGilvry Taylor, private Co. H, killed at Chancellorsville. A 
 brave man. 
 
 Samuel A^anhorn, private Co. H, died March 5, 1863. He 
 fought bravely through several battles, in three of which he was 
 wounded. 
 
 Wm. F. Modlin, private Co. H, killed May 3,1863, at Chancel- 
 lorsyille. A brave man. Promoted to Corporal. 
 
 H. L. Roebuck, killed at Chancellorsville. Worthy of all praise 
 as a good soldier. 
 
 Jas. F. R. Clapp, private Co. H, promoted to Corporal. Woun- 
 ed at Sharpsburg. A faithful soldier. 
 
 Jas. H. Foote, Captain Co. I, commanded in battles around 
 Richmond, Boonsboro, Sharpsburg and Fredericksburg. Resigned 
 Jan. 6, 1863, and was promoted to Assistant Adjutant General of 
 North Carolina. 
 
 John W. Mitchell, musician, aged 14. A faithful little soldier 
 and good musician. 
 
 Geo. W. Bailey, private Co. I, was mortally wounded at Mine 
 Run, Nov. 27, 1863 ; died next day. A brave boy. 
 
 Oscar L. Mitchell, private Co. I, killed June 26, 1862, at Elly- 
 son's Mills, while bravely charging the enem3\ 
 
 John L. Smith, private Co. I, killed June 26, 1863, at Ellyson's 
 Mills. A brave youth. 
 
 James Belvin, private Co. I, killed May 3d, 1863, at Chancel- 
 lorsville. Was severely wounded at Ellyson's Mills, June 26, 
 1862. He fell at Chancellorsville, pierced by many balls, with 
 the flag staff in his hand which he planted on the breastworks of 
 the enemy. Had been promoted to Corporal. 
 
 Young B. Clifton, private Co. I, fought bravely in several bat- 
 tles, wounded at Malvern Hill. Leg amputated from accidental 
 gunshot at Gettysburg. 
 
 Isham W. Mitchell, private Co. I, killed June 26, 1862, in battle 
 at Ellyson's Mills. A brave soldier and most excellent young 
 man. 
 
 Thos. Strickland, private Co. K, wounded at . The best 
 
 soldier in the company. 
 
 John King, private Co. K, killed June 27, 1862, in battle of 
 Cold Harbor. A brave and noble boy. 
 
 Thos. Brown, private Co K, distinguished himself at Ellyson's 
 Mills, and was wounded at Malvern Hill. 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 33 
 
 [From the Southern Magazine, August 1872. 
 CJE^ERAI. LEE'S FINAE REPORT OF THE PEI^l^SYEVA- 
 IMA CAMPAIGN, A^I> BATTEE OF GETTYSBERCi, 
 
 Sir; — In The Hidorkal Magazine for February 1869, published 
 by Mr. Henry B. Dawson, at Morrisania, New York, there is a 
 copy of General Lee's report of the Pennsylvania campaign and 
 the battle of Gettysburg. This report was furnished to The His- 
 torical Magazine by Mr. William Swinton, who says that it chanced 
 to be on the person of one of Gen Lee's staff officers at the time 
 of the destruction of his headquarters papers on the retreat from 
 Petersburg ; but he declines to state how he came in possession 
 of it. In a conversation with Gen. Lee, in April 1869, I was in- 
 formed by him that he had received a copy of the report as pub- 
 lished, and he said that the report was substantially correct, 
 though he was at a loss as to how Mr. Swinton got possession of 
 it. He stated that the report as prepared for the Adjutant Gen- 
 eral at Richmond was with his other papers in the headquarters 
 wagon on the retreat, and that when he found the wagons cut off 
 and about to fall into the hands of the enemy's cavalry, he sent a 
 courier to destroy all the papers ; and he thought it possible that 
 this paper may have escaped destruction and been picked up by 
 some straggler or other person. After Gen. Lee's death I received 
 a copy of the number of The Historical Magazine containing the 
 report, from Mr. Dawson, and when in Baltimore in April 1871 1 
 showed it to Col. Charles Marshall, who then informed me that 
 when the report was written it was copied under his superinten- 
 dence, and that the copy only was returned to Gen. Lee, he (Col. 
 Marshall) retaining the rough draft, in which a number of cor- 
 rections had been made. He also said that this rough draft as 
 corrected happened to be with some of his own papers which he 
 had with him on the retreat and at the time of the surrender, and 
 thus escaped destruction ; and that he loaned it to Mr. Swinton 
 shortly after the close of the war, who he supposed, copied it 
 while in his possession, and was thus enabled to furnish the copy 
 to The Historical Monthly. 
 
 There can be no question about the substantial authenticity of 
 the report ; and as it is a document of great historical value, I 
 reque&t that it be published in your valuable journal, in order 
 3 
 
34 OUR LIVING AND OVR DEAD. 
 
 that it may be more accessible to the ofliccrs and soldiers of the 
 army of Northern Virginia and the Southern people, very few of 
 whom have had an opportunity of seeing it, as the llie Hkiorkal 
 Magazine, though a very valuable and impartial publication, has 
 scarcely any circulation in the South. 
 
 There is an error in the report as published in locating the en- 
 trenched position which my command assaulted and carried at 
 the time of the capture of Winchester, on the Newtown road. It 
 should be on the Pughtown road, which is on the northwest of 
 Winchester, while the Newtown road (the Valley pike) is on the 
 south of the town. This mistake was probably made in copying 
 or printing the report, and I have made the correction to con- 
 form to the facts of the case by merely substituting Pughtown 
 for Newtown. With this correction, the general accuracy of the 
 report as now given will be recognised by all who participated in 
 the memorable campaign into Pennsylvania, and it is eminently 
 worthy of preservation as containing Gen. Lee's own account of 
 a campaign which has been much criticised by persons not well 
 acquainted with the facts. If there are any variations between 
 the published report and the original now in the hands of CoL 
 Marshall, he can make the proper corrections. 
 
 Very respectfully your obedient servant, 
 
 June 29th, 1872. J. A. Early. 
 
 From the original raanuscript, now first printed, communicated by Wil- 
 liam Swinton, Esq. 
 
 My Dear Dawson: — I send you herewith for publication Gen. 
 Lee's official report of the invasion of Pennsylvania and the bat- 
 tle of Gettysburg, and shall take occasion at a future day to follow 
 it up with a paper, by way of comment and elucidation. 
 
 This document I regard as quite the most important and in- 
 teresting in my collection of unpublished manuscripts relating to 
 the history of the late war. It was ol>tained by me from a source 
 not necessary to be mentioned here, soon after the close of the 
 war, while in Virginia, gathering material for my Camjmigns of 
 the Army of the Potomac. It was General Lee's habit to make 
 public brief preliminary reports of his military operations as soon 
 as possible after their occurrence, and afterwards follow them up 
 by carefully prepared and elaborate reports, designed for perma- 
 nent places in the archives of the war. Such a brief preliminary 
 account of the invasion of Pennsylvania and battle of Gettysburg 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 35 
 
 was piiblislied by General Lee soon after the return of the ill- 
 tarred campaign of the summer of 1863, and it is this paper 
 which appeafi in our existing collection of historical documents. 
 It is quite meagre and incomplete. 
 
 The present document is Lee's full and final report of this 
 great campaign. It was prepared by the Confederate commander 
 during his leisure moments in the winter of lS64-'o, while be- 
 sieged by Grant within the lines of Petersburg. I believe it was 
 never even forwarded to the War Office at Riclimond, and hap- 
 pened to be preserved from the destruction that befell all of Lee's 
 headquarter papers while on the retreat from Petersburg, simply 
 from the fact that it chanced to be on the person of one of his 
 stall-officers. 
 
 William Swinton.. 
 
 I liave the honor to submit a detailed report of the operations 
 of this army from the time it left the vicinity of Fredericksburg, 
 early in June, to its occupation of the line of the Rapidan, in 
 August. 
 
 Upon the retreat of the Federal army commanded b}^ Major 
 General Hooker from Chancellorsville, it occupied the ground 
 north of the Rappahannock opposite Fredericksburg, where it 
 could not be attacked except at a disadvantage. 
 
 It was determined to draw it from this position, and if practi- 
 cable transfer the scene of hostilities beyond the Potomac. The 
 execution of this purpose also embraced the expulsion of the 
 force under Gen. Milroy which had infested the lower Shenan- 
 doah Valley during the preceding winter and spring. If unable 
 to attain the valuable results winch might be expected to follow 
 a decided advantage gained over the enemy in Maryland or Penn- 
 sylvania, it was hoped that we should at least so far disturb his 
 plans for the summer campaigns as to prevent its execution du- 
 ring the season of active operations. 
 
 The commands of Longstreet and Ewell were put in motion 
 and encamped around Culpepper Court House on the seventh of 
 June. As soon as their march was discovered by the enemy, he 
 threw a force across the Rappahannock about two miles below 
 Fredericksburg, apparently for the purpose of observation. Hill's 
 Corps was left to watch these troops, with instructions to follow 
 the movements of the army as soon as they should retire. 
 
SG OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 Tlic cavalry, under General Stuart, which had been concen- 
 trated near Culpepper Court House, wa» attacked on the ninth of 
 June by a large force of Federal cavalry, supported by infantry, 
 which crossed the Rappahannock at Beverly's and Kelley's fords. 
 After a severe engagement which continued from early in the 
 morning till late in the afternoon, the enemy was compelled to 
 rocross the river with heavy loss, leaving about five hundred 
 prisoners, three pieces of artillery and several colors in our hands. 
 General Imboden and General Jenkins had been ordered to 
 co-operate in the projected expedition into the Valley : General 
 Imboden, by moving towards Romney with his command to pre- 
 went the troops guarding the Baltimore and Ohio railroad from 
 reinforcing those at Winchester, M'hile Gen. Jenkins advanced 
 ■directly to the latter place with his cavalry brigade, supported by 
 .a battalion of infantry and a battery of the Maryland Line. 
 
 ^Gener-ai Ewell left Culpepper Court House on the tenth of 
 June. He crossed the branches of the Shenandoah near Front 
 Royal and reached Cedarville on the twelfth, where he was joined 
 b,y General Jenkins. Detaching General Rodes with his division 
 and the greater part of Jenkins' brigade to dislodge a force of the 
 eneni}' stationed at Berry ville, General Ewell, with the rest of his 
 command, moyed upon Winchester — Johnson's division ad- 
 vancing by the Front Royal road, and Early's by the Valley 
 turnpike, whicli it entered at Newtown, where it was joined by 
 the Maryland troops. 
 
 BATTLE OF WINCPIESTER. 
 
 The eupmy was driven in on both roads, and our troops halted 
 in line of battle near the town on the evening of the thirteenth. 
 The same day the force which had occupied Berryville retreated 
 to Winchester on the approach of Gen. Rodes. 
 
 The following morning Gen. Ewell ordered Gen. Early to carry 
 an intrenched position northwest of Winchester, near the Newton* 
 road, which the latter officer, uj)on examining the ground dis- 
 covered, would command the principal fortifications. 
 
 To cover the movement of Gen. Early, Gen. Johnson took po- 
 sition between the road to Millwood and that to Berryville, and 
 
 *Pughtown— J. A. E. 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 37 
 
 advanced his skirmishers toward the town. Gen. Earl}^ leaving 
 a portion of his command to engage the enemy's attention, with 
 the remainder, gained a favorable position without being per- 
 ceived, and about 5 P. M. twenty pieces of artillery, under Lieut. 
 Col. H. P. Jones, opened suddenly upon the entrenchments. The 
 enemy's guns were soon silenced. Hays' brigade then advanced 
 to the assault and carried the works by storm, capturing six 
 rifled pieces, two of which were turned upon and dispersed a 
 column which Vv'as forming to retake the position. The enemy 
 immediately abandoned the works on the left of those taken by 
 Ha3's, and retired into his main line of fortifications, which Gen. 
 Early prepared to assail in the morning. The loss of the ad- 
 vanced works, however, rendered the others untenable, and the 
 enemy retreated in the night, abandoning his sick and wounded, 
 together with his artillery, wagons and stores. Anticipating such 
 a movement, as soon as he heard of Early's success, Gen. Ewell 
 ordered Gen. Johnson to occupy with part of his command a 
 point on the Martinsburg road about two aiid a half miles from 
 Winchester, where he could either intercept the enemy's retreat, 
 or aid in an attack should further resistance be offered in the 
 morning. Gen. Johnson marched with Nicholl's and part of 
 Stev^-art's brigades, accompanied by Lieut. Col. Andrews, with a 
 detachment of his artillery, the Stonewall brigade being ordered 
 to follow. Finding the road to the place indicated by Gen. Ewell 
 difiicult of passage in the darkness. Gen. Johnson pursued that 
 leading by Jordan's Springs to Stephenson's Depot, where he took 
 a favorable position on the Martinsburg road about five miles 
 from Winchester. Just as his line was formed the retreating 
 column, consisting of the main body of Gen. Mih'oy's army, 
 arrived and immediately attacked him. The enemy, though in 
 superior force, consisting of both infantry and cavalry, was gal- 
 lantly repulsed ; and finding all eflforts to cut his way unavailing, 
 he sent strong flanking parties simultaneously to the right and 
 left, still keeping up a heavy fire in front. The party on the 
 right was driven back and pursued by the Stonewall brigade, 
 which opportunely arrived. That on the left was broken and 
 dispersed by the Second and Tenth Louisiana regiments, aide d 
 by the artillery ; and in a short time nearly the whole infantr}^ 
 force, amounting to more than twenty-three hundred men, with 
 
38 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 eleven stand of colors, surrendered, the cavalry alone escaping. 
 Gen. Milro3', with a small party of fugitives, fled to Harper's 
 Ferry. 
 
 The number of prisoners taken in this action, exceeded the 
 force of Gen. Johnson, who speaks in terms of well-deserved praise 
 of the officers and men of his command. 
 
 In the mean time, Gen. Rodes marched from Berryville to 
 Martinsburg, reaching the latter place on the afternoon of the 
 fourteenth. The enemy made a show of resistance, but soon gave 
 way, the cavalry and artillery retreating towards Williamsport, 
 and the infantiy towards Shepherdstown, under cover of night. 
 The route taken by the latter was not known until it was too late 
 to follow ; but the former were pursued so rapidly, Jenkins' 
 troops leading, that they were forced to abandon five of their six 
 pieces of artillery. About two hundred prisoners were taken ; 
 but the enemy destroyed most of his stores. 
 
 These operations resulted in the expulsion of the enemy from 
 the Valley, the capture of four thousand prisoners, with a corres- 
 ponding number of small arms, twenty-eight pieces of superior 
 artillery, including those taken by Gen. Rodes and Gen. Hays, 
 about three hundred wagons and as many horses, together with 
 considerable quantities of ordnance, commissary and quartermas- 
 ter's stores. Our entire loss was forty-seven killed, two hundred 
 and nineteen wounded, and three missing. 
 
 MAECH INTO PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 On the night of EwelFs appearance at Winchester, the enemy 
 in front of A. P. Hill's, at Fredericksburg, recrossed the Rappa- 
 hannock, and the whole army of Gen. Hooker withdrew from the 
 north side of the river. In order to mislead him as to our inten- 
 tions, and at the same time protect Hill's corps in its march up 
 the Rappahannock, Longstreet left Culpepper Court House on the 
 fifteenth, and advancing along the eastern side of the Blue Ridge, 
 occupied Ashby's and Snicker's Gaps. He had been joined while 
 at Culpepper by Gen. Pickett with three brigades of his division. 
 Gen. Stuart with three brigades of cavalry moved on Longstreet's 
 right and took position in front of the gaps. 
 
 Hampton's and Jones' brigades remained along the Rappahan- 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 39 
 
 nock and Hazel rivers in front of Culpepper Court House, with 
 instructions to follow the main body as soon as Hill's corps had 
 passed that point. 
 
 On the seventeenth Fitz Lee's brigade, under Col. Munford, 
 which was on the road to Snicker's Gap, was attacked near Aldie 
 by the Federal cavalry. The attack was repulsed with loss, and 
 the brigade held its ground until ordered to fall back, its right 
 being threatened by another body coming from Hopewell towards 
 Middleburg. The latter force was driven from Middleburg and 
 pursued towards Hopewell by Robertson's brigade, which arrived 
 about dark. Its retreat was intercepted by W. H. F. Lee's brigade, 
 under Col. Chambliss, and the greater part of a regiment cap- 
 tured. 
 
 During the three succeeding days there was much skirmishing, 
 Gen. Stuart taking a position west of Middleburg, where he 
 awaited the rest of his command. Gen. Jones arrived on the 
 nineteenth, and Gen. Hampton in the afternoon of the following 
 day, having repulsed on his march a cavalry force sent to recon- 
 noitre in the direction of Warrenton. On the twenty-first the 
 enemy attacked with infantry and cavalry, and obliged General 
 Stuart, after a brave resistance, to fall back to the gaps of the 
 mountains. The enemy retired the next day, having advanced 
 only a short distance beyond Upperville. 
 
 In these engagements the cavalry sustained a loss of five hun- 
 dred and ten killed, wounded and missing. Among them were 
 several valuable otficers, whose names are mentioned in General 
 Stuart's report. One piece of artillery was disabled and left on 
 the field. 
 
 The enemy's loss was heavy: about four hundred prisoners 
 were taken and several stand of colors. 
 
 The Federal arm}^ was apparently guarding the approaches to 
 Washington and manifested no disposition to assume the offen- 
 sive. In the meantime, the progress of Ewell, who was already 
 in Maryland with Jenkins's cavalry, advanced into Pennsylvania 
 as far as Chambersburg, rendered it necessary that the rest of the 
 army should be within supporting distance; and Hill having 
 reached the Valley, Longstreet was withdrawn to the west side of 
 the Shenandoah, and the two corps encamped near Berry ville. 
 
 Gen. Stuart was directed to hold the mountain passes with 
 
40 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 part of his command as long as tlie enemy remained south of the 
 Potomac, and with the remainder to cross into Maryland and 
 place himself on the right of Gen. Ewell. Upon the suggestion 
 of the former officer that he could damage the enemy and delay 
 his passage of the river by getting in liis rear, he was authorized 
 to do so, and it was left to his discretion whether to enter Mary- 
 land east or west of the Blue liidge ; but he was instructed to 
 lose no time in placing his command on the right of our column 
 as soon as he should perceive the enemy moving northward. 
 
 On the twenty-second Gen. Ewell marched into Pennsylvania 
 with Rodes's and Johnson's division, preceded by Jenkins's cav- 
 alry, taking the road from Hagerstown through Chambersbuig 
 to Carlisle, where he arrived on the twenty-seventh. Early's 
 division, which had occupied Boonsboro, moved by a parallel 
 road to Greenwood, and in pursuance of instructions previously 
 given to Gen. Ewell, marched towards York. On the twenty- 
 fourth Longstreet and Hill were put in motion to follow Ewell, 
 and on the twenty-seventh encamped near Chambersburg. 
 
 Gen. Imboden, under the orders before referred to, had been 
 operating on Ewell's left while the latter was advancing into 
 Maryland. He drove off the troops guarding the Baltimore and 
 Ohio railroad, and destroyed all the important bridges on that 
 route from MartinsVjurg to Cumberland, besides inflicting serious 
 damages upon the Chesapeake and Ohio canal. He was at Han- 
 cock when Longstreet and Hill reached Chambersburg, and was 
 directed to proceed to the latter place by wa}' of McConnellsburg, 
 collecting supplies for tlie army on his route. 
 
 The cavalry force at this time with the army, consisting of 
 Jenkins's brigade and White's battalion, was not greater than 
 was required to accompany the advance of Gen. Ewell and Gen. 
 Early, with whom it performed valuable service, as appears from 
 their reports. It was expected that as soon as the Federal army 
 should cross the Potomac Gen. Stuart would give notice of its 
 movements: and nothing having been heard from him since our 
 entrance into Maryland, it was inferred that the enemy had not 
 yet left Virginia. Orders were therefore issued to move upon 
 Harrisburg. The expedition of Gen. Early to York was designed 
 in part to prepare for this undertaking, by breaking the railroad 
 between Baltimore and Harrisburg and seizing the bridges over 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 41 
 
 the Susquehannah at Wrightsville. Gen. Earl}' succeeded in the 
 first object, destroying a nnrnber of bridges above and below York ; 
 but on the approach of the troops sent by him to Wrightsville, a 
 body of militia stationed at that place fled across the river and 
 burnt the bridge in their retreat. Gen. Early tlien marched to 
 rejoin his corps. The advance against Harrisburg was arrested 
 by intelligence received from a scout on the night of the twenty- 
 eighth to the effect that the army of Gen. Hooker had crossed the 
 Potomac and was approaching the South Mountains. In the ab- 
 sence of the cavalry it was impossible to ascertain his intentions ; 
 but to deter him from advancing further west and intercepting 
 our communications from Virginia, it was determined to concen- 
 trate the army east of the mountains. 
 
 BATTLE OF GETTYSBUEG. 
 
 Hill's corps was accordingly ordered to move towards Cash- 
 town on the twenty-ninth, and Longstreet to follow the next day, 
 leaving Pickett's division at Chambersburg to guard the rear 
 until relieved by Imboden. 
 
 Gen. Ewell was recalled from Carlisle and directed to join the 
 army at Cashtown or Gettysburg, as circumstances might recpnre. 
 
 The advance of the enemy to the latter place was unknown ; 
 and the weather being inclement, the march was conducted with 
 a view to the comfort of the troops. 
 
 Heth's division reached Cashtown on the twenty-ninth, and 
 the following morning Pettigrew's brigade, sent by Gen. Heth to 
 procure supplies at Gettysburg, found it occupied by the enemy 
 Being ignorant of the extent of his force, Gen. Pettigrew was un- 
 willing to hazard an attack with his single brigade, and returned 
 to Cashtown. Gen. Hill arrived with Pender's division in the 
 evening, and the following morning, the first of July, he advanced 
 with these two divisions, accom.panied by Pegram's and Mcin- 
 tosh's battalions of artillery, to ascertain the strength of the ene- 
 my, whose force was supposed to consist chiefly of cavalry. 
 
 The leading division, under Gen. Heth, found the enemy's 
 videttes about three miles west of Gettysburg, and continued to 
 advance until within a mile of the town, when two brigades were 
 sent forward to reconnoitre. They drove in the advance of the 
 
42 OVR LIVIhG AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 enemy very gallantly, but subsequently encountered largely su- 
 i^fcrior numbers, and were compelled to retire witb loss, Brig. Gen. 
 Archer, commanding one of the brigades, being taken prisoner. 
 
 Gen, Hcth then prepared for action, and as soon as Pender 
 arrived to support him, was ordered by Gen. Hill to advance. 
 The artillery was placed in position and the engagement opened 
 with vigor. Gen. Heth pressed the enemy steadily back, break- 
 ing his first and second lines and attacking his third with great 
 resokition. About half-past two in the afternoon the advance of 
 Ewell's corps, consisting of Rodes's division, with Carter's battal- 
 ion of artillery, arrived by the Middletown road, and forming on 
 Ileth's left nearly at right angles with his line, became warmly 
 engaged with fresh numbers of the enemy. Heth's troops having 
 suffered heavily in their protracted contest with a superior force, 
 were relieved by Pender's ; and Early coming up by the Heid- 
 ]ersburg road, soon afterwards took position on the left of Rodes, 
 when a general advance was made. The enemy gave way on 
 all sides and were driven through Gettysburg with great loss. 
 Maj. Gen. Reynolds, who was in command, was killed. More 
 than five thousand prisoners, exclusive of a large number of 
 wounded, three pieces of artillery, and several colors, were cap- 
 tured ; among the prisoners were two Brigadier Generals, one of 
 wljom was badly wounded. 
 
 ' Our own loss was heavy, including a number of officers, aniong 
 whom were Maj. Gen. Heth, slightly, and Brig. Gen. Scales, of 
 Pender's division, severely wounded. 
 
 The enemy retired to a range of hi Is south of CJettysburg, 
 where he displayed a stiong force of infantry and artillery. 
 
 It was ascertained from prisoners that we had been engaged 
 with two corps of the army formerlv commanded by Gen. Hooker, 
 and that the remainder of the army, under Gen. Meade, was ap- 
 proaching*Gettysburg. Without information as to its proximity, 
 the strong position which the enemy had assumed could not be 
 attacked without danger of exposing the four divisions present, 
 already weakened and exhausted by a long and bloody struggle 
 to overwhelming numbers of fresh troops. 
 
 Gen. Ewell was therefore i structed to carry the hill occupied 
 by the enemy if he found it practicable, but to avoid a general 
 engagement until the arrival of the other divisions of the army. 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. ' 43 
 
 which were ordered to hasten forward. He decided to await 
 Johnson's division, which had marched from Carlisle b}^ the road 
 west of the mountsins, to guard the trains of his corps, and con- 
 sequently did not reach Gettysburg until a late hour. In the 
 meantime the enemy occupied the point which General Ewell 
 desi-ned to seize, but in what force could not be ascertained, 
 owing to the darkness. An intercepted dispatch showed that 
 another corps had halted that afternoon four miles from Gettys- 
 burg, Under these circumstances it was decided not to attack 
 until the arrival of Longstreet, two of whose divisions, those of 
 Hood and McLaws, encamped about four miles in rear during the 
 night. Anderson's division, of Hill's corps, came up after the 
 engagement. 
 
 It had not been intended lo deliver a general battle so far from 
 our base unless attacked : but coming unexpected!}' upon the 
 whole Federal army, to withdraw through the mountains witli 
 our extensive trains would have been difficult and dangerous. 
 At the same time we were unable to await an attack, as the coun- 
 try was unfavorable for collecting supplies in the presence of the 
 enemy, who could restrain our foraging parties by holding the 
 mountain passes with local and other troops. A battle had there- 
 fore become in a measure unavoidable, and the success already 
 gained gavo hope of a favorable issue. 
 
 The I lujtay occupied a strong position, with his right upon two 
 commanding elevations adjacent to each other — one southeast, 
 and the other, known as Cemetery Hill, immediately south of tlie 
 town, which lay at its base. His line extended thence upon the 
 high ground along the Emmettsburg road, with a steep ridge in 
 the rear, which was also occupied. This ridge was difficult of 
 ascent, particularly the two hills above mentioned as forming its 
 northern extremity, and a third at the other end, on Vv'hich the 
 enem}-'s left rested. Numerous stone and rail fences along the 
 slope served to afford protection to his troops and to impede our 
 advance. In his front the ground was undulating and generally 
 open for about three qua.-ters of a mile. 
 
 Gen. Ewell's corps constituted our left, Johnson's division being 
 opposite the height adjoining Cemetery Hill, Early's in the centre 
 in front of the north face of the latter, and Rodes's upon his right ^ 
 Hill's corps foced the west side of Cemetery Hill and extended 
 
44 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 nearly parallel to the ]%mmettsburg road, niakiii,*^ an angle with 
 Ewoir.s. J'cnder's division formed his left, Anderson's his right, 
 lieth's, under Brig. Gen. Pettigrew, being in reserve. His artil- 
 lery, under Colonel Walker, was posted in eligible positions along 
 the line. 
 
 It was determined to make the principal attack upon the ene- 
 my's left, and endeavor to gain a position from which it was 
 thought that our artillery could be brought to bear with effect. 
 Long^treet was directed to place the divisions of McLaws and 
 Hood on the right of Hill, ])artially envelojjing the enemy's left, 
 which he was to drive in Gen. Hill was ordered to threaten the 
 enemy's centre to prevent reinforcements being drawn to either 
 wing, and to co-operate with his right division in Longstreet's 
 attack. Gen. Ewell was instructed to make a simultaneous de- 
 monstration upon the enemy's right, to be converted into a real 
 attack should opportunity offer. 
 
 About 4 P. M. Longstreet's batteries opened, and soon after- 
 wards Hood's division, on the extreme right, moved to the attack. 
 McLaws followed somewhat later, four of Anderson's brigades — 
 those of Wilcox, Perry, Wright, and Posey — supporting him on 
 the left in the order named. The enemy was soon driven from 
 his position on the Emmettsburg road to the cover of a ravine 
 and a line of stone fences at the foot of the ridge in his rear. He 
 was dislodged from these after a severe struggle, and retired up 
 the ridge, leaving a number of his batteries in our pos.session. 
 
 Wilcox's and Wright's brigades advanced with great gallantry, 
 breaking successive lines of llio enemy's infantiy, and compoHing 
 him to abandon much of his artillery. WikH)x reached tiie foot, 
 and Wright gained the crest of the ridge itself, driving the enemy 
 down the opposite side ; but having become separated from Mc- 
 Law's and gone beyond the other two brigades of the division, 
 they were attacked in front and on both flanks and compelled to 
 retire, being unable to bring off any of the ca[)tured artillery. 
 McLaw's left also fell back, and it being now nearly dar'x, Gen. 
 Longst.eet determined to await the arrival of Gen. Pickett, 
 
 He disposed his command to hold the ground gained on the 
 right, withdrawing his left to the first position from which the 
 enemy had been driven. 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 45 
 
 Four pieces of artillery, several huiulred prisoners, and two 
 regimental flags were taken. 
 
 As soon as the eng'Bgernent began on our right, Gen. Johnson 
 opened with his artillery, and about two hours later advanced 
 up the hill next to Cemetery Hill with three brigades, the fourth 
 being detained by a demonstration on his left. Soon afterwards 
 Gen. Early attacked Cemetery Hill with two brigades, sup}>orted 
 by a third, the fourth having been previously detached. The 
 enemy had greatly increased the strength of the position assault- 
 ed by Johnson and Early by earthworks. 
 
 The troops of the former moved steadily up the steep and 
 rugged ascent under a heavy fire, driving tlie enemy into his 
 entrenchments, part of which were carried by Stuart's brigade 
 and a number of prisoners taken. The contest was continued to 
 a late hour, but without further advantage. On Cemettny Hill 
 the attack ' y Early's leading brigades — those of Hays, and Hoke 
 under Col. Avery — was made with vigor. Two lines of the 
 enemy's infantry were dislodged from the cover of .^ome stone 
 and board fences on the side of the ascent and driven back into 
 the works on the crest, into which our troops forced their way 
 and seized several pieces of artillery. A heavy force advanced 
 against their right, whicn was without support, and they were 
 compelled to retire, bringing with them about one hundred pris- 
 oners and four stands of colors. Gen. Ewell had directed Gen. 
 Rodes to attack in concert with Early, covering his right, and 
 had requested Brig. Gen. Lane, then commanding Pender's divis- 
 ion, to co-operate on the right of Rodes. When the time to attack 
 arrived, Gen. Rodes not having his troops in position, was un- 
 prepared to co-operate with Gen. Early, and before he could get 
 in readiness the latter had been obliged to retire from want of 
 expected support on his right. Gen. Lane was prepared to give 
 the assistance required of him, and so informed Gen. Rodes ; but 
 the latter deemed it useless to advance after the failure of Early's 
 attack. 
 
 In this engagement our loss in men and officers was large. 
 Major Generals Hood and Pender, Brig. Gen. Jones, Semme3, G. 
 T. Anderson and Barksdale, and Col. Avery, commanding Hoke's 
 brigade, were wounded — the last two, mortally. Generals Pen- 
 der and Semmes died after their removal to Virginia. 
 
46 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 The result of this day's operations induced the belief that with 
 proper concert of action, and with the increased support that the 
 positions gained on the right would enable the artillery to render 
 the assaulting columns, we should ultimately succeed, and it was 
 accordingl}' determined to continue the attack. 
 
 The general plan was unchanged ; Longstrect, reinforced by 
 Pickett's three brigades, which arrived near the battlefield during 
 the afternoon of the second, was ordered to attack the next morn- 
 ing, and Gen. Ewell was ordered to attack the enemy's right at 
 the same time. The latter during the night reinforced General 
 Johnson with two brigades from Rode's and ono from Early's 
 division. 
 
 Gen. Longstreet's dispositions were not completed as early as 
 was expected ; but before notice could be sent to Gen. Ewell, Gen. 
 Johnson had alread}'- become engaged, and it was too late to recall 
 him. The enemy attem^tted to recover the works taken the pre- 
 ceding evening, but was repulsed, and Gen. Johnson attacked him 
 in turn. After a gallant and prolonged struggle in which the 
 enemy was forced to abandon part of his entrenchments, General 
 Johnson found himself unable to carry the strongly fortified crest 
 of the hill. The projected attack on the enemy's left not having 
 been made, he was enabled to hold his right with a force largely 
 superior to that of Gen. Johnson, and finally to threaten his flank 
 and rear, rendering it necessary for him to retire to his original 
 position about one in the afternoon. 
 
 Gen. Longstreet was delayed by a force occupying the high, 
 rocky hill on the enemy's extreme left, from which his troops 
 could be attacked from reverse as they advanced. His operations 
 had been embarrassed the day previously from the same cause, 
 and he now deemed it necessary to defend his flank and rear with 
 the divisions of Hood and McLaws. He was therefore reinforced 
 by Heth's division and tw^o brigades of Pender's, to the command 
 of which Maj. Gen. Trimble was assigned. Gen. Hill was directed 
 to hold his line with the rest of command, to afford Gen. Long- 
 street further assistance if required, and to avail himself of any 
 success that might be gained. 
 
 A careful examination was made of the ground secured by 
 Longstreet, and his batteries placed in positions which it was be- 
 lieved would enable them to silence those of the enemy. 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 47 
 
 Hill's artillery and part of Evveil's were ordered to open simul- 
 taneously, and the assaulting column to advance under the com- 
 bined fire of the three. The batteries were directed to be pushed 
 forward as the infantry progressed, to protect their flanks and to 
 support their attack closely. 
 
 About one o'clock at a given signal a heavy cannonade was 
 opened and continued for about two hours with marked effect 
 upon the enemy. His batteries replied vigorously at first, but 
 towards the close their fire slackened perceptibly, and Gen, Long- 
 street ordered forward the column of attack, consisting of Pickett's 
 and Heth's divisions, in two lines, Pickett being on the right. 
 Wilcox's brigade inarched in rear of Pickett's right to guard that 
 flank, and Hcth was supported by Lane's and Scale's brigades, 
 under General Trimble. 
 
 The troops moved steadily on under a heavy fire of musketry 
 and artillery, tlie main attack being directed again.st the enemy's 
 left centre. His batteries re-opened as soon as the}^ appeared. 
 Our own having nearly exhausted their ammunition in the pro- 
 tracted cannonade that preceded the advance of the infantr}^, 
 were unable to reply or render the necessary support to the 
 attacking party. Owing to this fact, which was unknown to me 
 when the assault took place, the enemy was enabled to throw a 
 strong force of infantry against our left, alread}' wavering under 
 the concentrated fire of artillery from the ridge in front and from 
 Cemetery Hill on the left. It finally gave way, and the right, 
 after penetrating tne enemy's lines, entering the advanced works 
 and capturing some of his artillery, was attacked simultaneously 
 in front and on both flanks and driven back with heavy loss. 
 The troops were rallied and reformed, but the enemy did not 
 pursue. 
 
 A large number of brave ofiicers and men fell or were captured 
 on this occasion. Of Pickett's three brigade commanders Generals 
 Armisted and Garnett were killed, and General Kemper danger- 
 ously wounded. Major-General Trimble and Brigadier-General 
 Pettigrew were also wounded, the former severely. 
 
 The movements of the army preceding the battle of Gettysburg 
 had been much embarrassed by the absence of the cavalry. As 
 soon as it was known that the enemy had crossed into Maryland, 
 orders were sent to the brigades of Robertson and Jones, which 
 
48 OLR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 had been left to guard the passes of the Blue Ridge, to rejoin the 
 army without delay, and it was expected that General Stuart, with 
 the remainder of his command, would soon arrive. In the exer- 
 cise of the discretion given him when Longstreet and Hill 
 marched into Maryland, General Stuart determined to pass around 
 the rear of the Federal an;)y with three brigades and cross the 
 Potomac between it and Washington, believing that he would be 
 able by that route to place himself on our right flank in time to 
 keep us properly advised of the enemy's movements. 
 
 He marched from Salem on the niglit of the twenty-fourth of 
 June, intending to pass west of Centreville, but found the enemy's 
 forces so distributed as to render that route impracticable. Ad- 
 hering to his original plan, he was forced to make a wide detour 
 through Buckland and Brentsvflle, and crossed the Occoquan at 
 Wolf Run Shoals on the morning of the twenty-seventh Contin- 
 uing his march through Fairfax Court'Houseand Dranesville, he 
 arrived at the Potomac below the mouth of Seneca creek in the 
 evening. He found the river much swollen by the recent heavy 
 rains, but after great exertions gained tlie Maryland shore before 
 midnight with his whole command. He now ascertained that 
 the Federal army, which he had discovered to be drawing to- 
 wards the Potomac, had crossed the day before and was moving 
 towards Frederickstown, thus interposing itself between him and 
 our forces. 
 
 He accordingly marched northward through Rockville and 
 Westminster to Hanover, Pennsylvania, where he arrived on the 
 thirtieth ; but the enemy advanced with equal rapidity on his 
 left, and continued to obstruct communications with our main 
 body. 
 
 Supposing from such information as he could obtain that part 
 of the army was at Carlisle, he left Hanover that night and pro- 
 ceeded thither l^y way of Dover. He reached Carlisle on the first 
 of July, when he received orders to proceed to Gettysburg. He 
 arrived in the afternoon of the following day and took position 
 on General Ewell's left. His leading brigade, under General 
 Hampton, encountered and repulsed a body of the enemy's cavalry 
 at Hunterstown, endeavoring to reach our rear. 
 
 General Stuart had several skirmishes during his march ; and 
 at Hanover quite a severe engagement took place with a strong 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD, 49 
 
 force of cavalry, which was finally compelled to withdraw from 
 the town. The prisoners taken by the cavalry and paroled at 
 various places amounted to about eight hundred ; and at Rock- 
 ville a large train of wagons coming from Washington was inter- 
 cepted and captured. Many of them were destroyed, but one 
 hundred and twenty-five, with all the animals of the train, were 
 secured. 
 
 The ranks of the cavalry were much reduced by its long and 
 arduous march, repeated conflicts and insufficient supplies of food 
 and forage, but the day after its arrival at Gettysburg it engaged 
 the enemy's cavalry with unabated spirit, and effectually pro- 
 tected our left. In this action Brigadier- General Hampton was 
 seriously wounded while acting with his accustomed gallantry, 
 
 Robertson's and Jones' brigades arrived on the third of Jul}^ 
 and were stationed upon our right flank. The severe loss sus- 
 tained by the army and the reduction of its ammunition rendered 
 another attempt to dislodge the enemy unadvisable, and it was 
 therefore determined to withdraw. 
 
 The trains with such of the wounded as could bear removal 
 were ordered to Williamsport on the fourth of July, part moving 
 through Cashtown and Greencastle, escorted by Gen. Imboden, 
 and the remainder by the Fairfield road. The army retained its 
 position until dark, when it was put in motion for the Potomac 
 Dy the last named route. A heavy rain continued throughout 
 the night, and so much impeded its progress that Ewell's corps, 
 which brought up the rear, did not leave Gettysburg until late 
 in the forenoon of the following day. The enemy offered no 
 serious interruption, and after an arduous march we arrived at 
 Hagerstown in the afternoon of the sixth and morning of the 
 seventh of July. 
 
 The great length of our trains made it difficult to guard them 
 effectually in passing through the mountains, and a number of 
 wagons and ambulances were captured. They succeeded in reach- 
 ing Williamsport on the sixth, but were unable to cross the Po- 
 tomac on account of the high stage of water. Here they were 
 attacked by a strong force of cavalry and artillery, which was 
 gallantly repulsed by Gen. Imboden, whose command had been 
 strengthened by several batteries and by two regiments of in- 
 fantry which had been detached at Winchester to guard prison- 
 4 
 
50 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 ers and were returning to the army. Wiiile the enemy was being: 
 held in check, Gen. Stuart arrived with the cavahy, which liatl 
 performed valuable service in guarding the flanks of the army 
 during the retrograde movement, and after a short engagement' 
 drove- him from the field. 
 
 The rains that had prevailed almost without intermission since 
 our entrance into Maryland and greatly interfered with our 
 movements, had made the Potomac unfordable, and the pontoon 
 bridge left at Falling Waters had been partially destroyed by the- 
 enemy. The wounded and prisoners were sent over the river as 
 fast as possibe in a few ferry boats, while the trains awaited the 
 subsiding of the waters and the construction of a new pontoon 
 bridge. 
 
 On the eighth of July the enemy's cavalry advanced towards 
 Hagerstown, but was repulsed by Gen, Stuart and pursued as far 
 as Boonesboro. With this exception nothing but occasional 
 skirmishing occurred until the twelfth, when the main body of 
 the enemy arrived. The army then took a position previously 
 selected, covering the Potomac from Williamsport to Falling 
 Waters, where it remained for two days with the enemy immedi- 
 ately in front manifesting no disposition to attack, but throwing 
 up entrenchments along his whole line. 
 
 B}' the thirteenth the river at Williamsport, though still deep, 
 was fordable, and a good bridge was completed at Falling Waters^ 
 new boats having been constructed and some of the old recov- 
 ered. As further delay would enable the enemy to obtain rein- 
 forcements, and as it was found difficult to procure ai sufficient 
 supply of flour for the troops, the working of the mills being 
 interrupted by high waters, it was determined to await an attack 
 no longer. Orders were accordingly given to cross the Potomac 
 that night — Ewcll's corps by the ford at Williamsport, and those 
 of Longstreet and Hill on the bridge. The cavalry was directed 
 to relieve the infantry pkirmishers and bring up the rear. 
 
 The movement was much retarded by a severe rain storm and 
 the darkness of the night. Ewell's corps having the advantage 
 of a turnpike road, marched with less difficulty and crossed the 
 river by eight o'clock the following morning. 
 
 The condition of the road to the bridge and the time consumed 
 in. the passage of the artillery, ammunition^ wagons and ambu- 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUB DEAD. 51 
 
 lances, which could not ford the river, so much delayed the pro- 
 gress of Longstreet and Hill that it was da3dight before their 
 troops began to cross. Heth's division was halted about a mile 
 and a half from the bridge to protect the passage of the column. 
 No interruption was offered by the enemj^ until about eleven 
 o'clock, when his cavalry, supported by artiller}', opened in front 
 of Gen. Heth. A small number in advance of the main body 
 was mistaken for our own cavalry retiring, no notice having been 
 given of the withdrawal of the latter, and was suffered to approach 
 our lines. They were immediately destroyed or captured with 
 the exception of two or three, but Brig. Gen. Pettigrew, an officer 
 of great merit and promise, was mortally wounded in the en- 
 counter. He survived his removal to Virginia only a few daj's. 
 The bridge being clear. Gen. Heth began to withdraw. The 
 enemy advanced, but his efforts to break our lines were repulsed',, 
 and the passage of the river completed about one in the after-- 
 noon. 
 
 Owing to the extent of Gen. Heth's line, some of his men, most' 
 remote from the bridge, were cut off before they could reach it ; 
 but the greater part of those taken by the enemy during the 
 movement, supposed to amount in all to about five hundred, 
 consisted of men from various commands who lingered behind 
 overcome by previous labors and hardships and the fatigue of a 
 most trying night march. There was no loss of material except 
 a few broken wagons and two pieces of artillery which the horses 
 were unable to draw through the deep mud. Other horses were 
 sent back for them, but the rear of the column had passed before 
 their arrival. 
 
 The army proceeded to the vicinity of Bunkerhill and Darks- 
 ville, where it halted to afford the troops repose. 
 
 The enemy made no effort to follow except with his cavalry,, 
 which crossed the Potomac at Harper's Ferry and advanced to- 
 wards Martinsburg on the sixteenth of July. They were attacked 
 by Gen. Fitz Lee with his own and Chambliss's brigade and. 
 driven back with loss. 
 
 When the army retired to Virginia it was intended to move- 
 into Loudon, but the Shenandoah was found to be impassable. 
 While waiting for it to subside, the eaemy crossed' the Potomac- 
 east of the Blue Ridge and seized the passes we deigned to use.. 
 
52 OUR LIVING AND OVR DEAD. 
 
 As he continued to advance along the eastern slope, apparently 
 with the purpose of cutting us off from the railroad to Richmond, 
 Gen. Longstreet was ordered on the nineteenth of July to proceed 
 to Culpepi)er Court House by way of Front Royal. He succeeded 
 in passing part of his command over the Sl)enandoah in time to 
 prevent the occupation of Manassas and Chester Gaps by the 
 enemy, whose cavalry had already made its appearance. As soon 
 as a pontoon bridge could be laid down the rest of his corps 
 crossed the river and marched through Chester Gap to Culpepper 
 Court House, where it arrived on the twenty-fourth. He was 
 followed by Gen. A. P. Hill without serious opposition. 
 
 General Ewell having been detained in the Valley by an effort 
 to capture a force of the enemy guarding the Baltimore and Ohio 
 railroad west of Martinsburg, Wright's brigade was left to hold 
 Manassas Gap until he arrived. He reached Front Royal on the 
 twenty-third with Johnson's and Rodes' divisions, Early's being 
 near Winchester, and found General Wright skirmishing with 
 the enemj-'s infantry, which had already appeared at Mannassas 
 Gap. General Ewell supported Wright with Rodes' division and 
 some artillery, and the enemy was held in check. Finding that 
 the Federal force greatly exceeded his own, General Ewell marched 
 through Thornton Gap and ordered Early to move up the Valley 
 by Strasburg and New Market. He encamped near Madison Court 
 House on the twenty-ninth of July. 
 
 The enemy massed his army in the vicinity of Warrenton, and 
 on the night of the thirty-first of July his cavalry, with a large 
 supporting force of infantry, crossed the Rappahannock at Rap- 
 pahannock Station and Kelley's Ford. The next day they ad- 
 vanced towards Brandy Station, their progress being gallantly 
 resisted by General Stuart with Hampton's brigade, commanded 
 by Colonel Baker, who fell back gradually to our lines about two 
 miles South of Brandy Station. Our infantry skirmishers ad- 
 vanced and drove the enemy beyond Brandy Station. 
 
 It was now determined to place the army in a position to ena- 
 ble it more readily to oppose the enemy, should he attempt to 
 move southward. That near Culpepper Court House being one 
 that he could easily avoid, Longstreet and Hill were put in mo- 
 tion on the third of August, leaving the cavalry at Culpepper 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 53 
 
 Ewell had been previously ordered from Madison, and by the 
 fourth the army occupied the line of the Rapidan. 
 
 The officers of the general staff of the army were unremittingly 
 engaged in the duties of their respective departments, much de- 
 pending on their management and execution. The labors of the 
 quartermaster, commissary and medical departments were more 
 than usually severe. The Inspector-Generals were also laboriously 
 occupied in their attention to the troops, both on the march and 
 in camp ; and the officers of engineers showed skill and judgment 
 in expediting the passage of rivers and streams, the swollen condi- 
 tion of which, by almost continuous rains, called for extraordi- 
 nary exertion. The chief of ordnance and his assistants are en- 
 titled to praise for the care and watchfulness given to the ordnance 
 trains and ammunition of the army, which, in a long march and 
 in many conflicts, were always at hand and accessible to the 
 troops. My thanks are due to my personal staff for the constant 
 aid afforded me at all times, on the march and in the field, and 
 their willing discharge of ever}'- duty. 
 
 R. E. Lee. 
 
 IVORTII CAROLINIANS AT GETTYSBURG. 
 
 Baltimore, October 15th, 1875. 
 
 S. D. Pool : — I see by your October number of " Our Living 
 AND Our Dead," that you defend the reputation of the North 
 Carolina Troops as earnestly as ever, while doing full justice — as 
 you do at all times — to those from other States. 
 
 On page 457, October number, under the heading " Another 
 Witness— Gettysburg," you have taken in hand the now stale, 
 though yet oft-repeated assertion, that Pickett's Division was 
 repulsed on 3rd of July because not supported by other troops ; 
 and have shown that the erroneous statements first made by 
 writers both from the North and South, are still blindly adhered 
 to b}" all who attempt to describe the operations of that day. 
 
 No account of tfie three days fighting at that noted town has 
 yet been given ; that is, not full of errors of fact, and errors of 
 
54 OCR LIVING AND OUR DEAD, 
 
 inference, and a trutlrful relation of the occurrenees of these days 
 has yet to be given. The reason why these mistakes have been 
 made is, that no careful study of the subject, with documentary 
 and otlier evidences at hand, has as yet been made by a compe- 
 tent writer. Those who have treated the subject, have been eye 
 witnesses of but apart of the lines, near six miles in circuit, <. ad 
 hence, to make up a full relation of the whole, must adopt the 
 hasty and erroneous accounts of others, or even call in the aid of 
 their own imagination to fill uj) and embellish the picture. 
 
 Tliat mistakes, misstatements, or even intentional perversions 
 of truth in the accounts given of hostile armies, should be made, 
 is both natural and unavoidable, during the heat and bitterness 
 of the conflict. These and other errors of the war, on either side, 
 must, for the present, be borne patiently, but corrected assidu- 
 ously, fairly and generously by North and South; that each sec- 
 tion may the sooner appreciate the other. 
 
 So far as relates to the good conduct of North Carolina troops 
 from the beginning to the close of the war, I think their unpre- 
 tending courage in action ; their patient submission to the pri- 
 vations of the camp and the march ; their almost child-like do- 
 cility and acceptance of discipline everywhere; and when cir- 
 cumstances needed it, their daring valor, are now recognised and 
 hig])]y appreciated by all — thanks to your journal. Why should 
 the conduct of men from nny State be extolled at the expense of 
 those from their sisters? 
 
 Brave "Jonny Rebs" belonged exchisively to no State, but 
 m:i 11: glory enough for all, whether in the sore privations of the 
 c{!ui[/. or in the heat of the conflict, as they sent up to "the 
 wcl'aii " that dauntless shout, so often the harbinger of victory. 
 
 No offirer who commanded North Carolina troops has ever, 
 tluit 1 know of, complained of their behavior. 
 
 At the risk of being tiresome, I propose to make a brief state- 
 ment of what passed under my oivn eye during the third day's 
 figii. on the right of our army. A topographical sketch of that 
 part of the field can alone convey a full understanding of the 
 movements of our troops, but a brief description of ridges, woods 
 an 1 road, will help much to elucidate the situation and conduct 
 of divisions. 
 
 Cemetery Ridge or plateau, extends from the town of Cettys- 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 55 
 
 burg to Hound Top Hill, say two to three miles long. The Em- 
 mettsburg road runs northeasterl}' not far from the western edge 
 of this plateau, but generally below it in elevation, entering Get- 
 tysburg on the south directly below the Cemetery. Tracing the 
 Emm€ttsburg road southwesterly from Gettysburg, it is found to 
 diverge more and more from the plateau of Cemetery Ridge. At 
 and near the town the road lies at the foot of its abrupt slope, 
 but about a mile south, in front of Pickett's division, the road is 
 over half a mile from the elevation on which the Federal lines 
 were posted, with a small stream and valley between. These 
 lines, infantry and artillery, occupied moderately elevated ground 
 commanding the fields between them and the Southern lines on 
 Cemetery Ridge to the westward. This last ridge makes a con- 
 siderable angle w^ith the Emmettsburg road. At the point occu- 
 pied by Gen. Pickett, the crest of the ridge is about one-third of 
 a mile from the road ; at the point from wliich Pettigrew started 
 it is over a mile from the road. 
 
 Gen. Pickett's line was formed about one hundred yards from 
 and west of the Emmettsburg road, at that point occupied by 
 Southern troops the day previous. That part of the road in 
 Pettigrew's front was occupied by the Federal troops, and not 
 over one hundred yards from the Federal line on the crest of 
 Cemetery Ridge. 
 
 From the preceding it can be understood that Pickett started 
 in his charge frorii the Emmettsburg road, and Pettigrew and 
 Trimble started from the top of Cemetery Ridge. The former, 
 about three-fourths of a mile, the latter one mile and a quarter 
 from the enemy's lines. 
 
 Pickett's line being in view of the eneni}^ at the start, and 
 nearest to him, would naturally attract the most attention, and 
 receive at first the severest fire from his front, and his division be 
 the first to suffer ; as the one which most threatened the enemy 
 and therefore the first to be crushed. As soon, however, as Pet- 
 tigrew's and Trimble's divisions fairly appeared in the open 
 ground at the top of Cemetery Ridge, furious discharges of artil- 
 lery was poured on them from the line in their front, and from 
 their left flank by the line which overlapped them near Gettys- 
 burg. To the artillery fire was soon added that of small arms in 
 a ceaseless storm as they marched down the smooth, even slope. 
 
56 OUR LIVIhG AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 It Avill be easily understood that as Pickett's line was over- 
 lapped by the Federal lines on his right, and Pettigrew and 
 Trimble's front by the Federal lines on their left, each of these 
 commands had a distinct and separate discharge of artillery and 
 musketry to encounter, the one as severe and incessant t. the 
 other, although Pickett's men felt its intensity sooner than the 
 others, and was the first to be crushed under fire before which no 
 troops could live ; while Pettigrew and Trimble suffered as much 
 or more before the close, because longer under fire, in conse- 
 quence of marching further. 
 
 The returns of killed and wounded show that the other com- 
 mands lost as heavily as Pickett's, some brigades more. Not one 
 of my staff escaped severe wounds, and all had their horses killed. 
 
 It would have been more in accordance with military princi- 
 ples had Pettigrew and Trimble started fifteen minutes before 
 Pickett, so as to have brought them all to the enemy's line at the 
 same moment. The result would probably have been the same; 
 yet ten or fifteen minutes sooner or later in the movement ol a 
 heavy column, often produces a decided difference in the result 
 of a battle. 
 
 Both Northern and Southern descriptions of the battle of Get- 
 tysburg in the third day's contest, have, without perhaps a single 
 exception down to the present time, given not only most con- 
 spicuous prominence to Gen. Pickett's division, but generally by 
 the language used, have created the impression among those not 
 personally acquainted with the events of the day, that Pickett's 
 men did all the hard fighting, suffered the most severely, and 
 failed in his charge because not only or rigorously supported by 
 the troops on his right and left. It might with as much truth 
 be said, that Pettigrew and Trimble failed in their charge, be- 
 cause unsupported by Pickett, who had been driven back in the 
 crisis of their charge, and was no aid to them. 
 
 These statements or inferences do such great injustice to other 
 troops, who displayed equal daring, and are so contrary to well 
 known facts, that the errors can only be accounted for by one or 
 two considerations, viz : First, that Pickett's division being much 
 nearer the enemy when it began the charge, became at the start 
 the most prominent body in the field, the most to be dreaded, and 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 57 
 
 which would, if any did so, be the first to pierce the Federallines 
 and decide the contest. 
 
 Second : As these were the first who " shattered to atoms " 
 and recoiled from the advance, the fate of the day seemed solely to 
 rest with them, and that when they fell back the contest w^as 
 over. No one acquainted with the facts can, for a moment, doubt 
 the intrepid bravery and splendid bearing of Pickett's men ; they 
 did all thai any men could do under the circumstances, but others 
 did as well, went as far, or further, fought longer and lost as 
 heavily. The simple truth is, that Pickf^tt's, Pettigrew's and 
 Trimble's divisions were literally " shot to pieces," andithe small 
 remnants who broke tlie first Federal line, were too feeble to hold 
 what they had gained. 
 
 So the result of that charge only proved over again the axiom 
 in war, that " no single line of infantry without artillery cau 
 carry a line, protected by rifle pits, knapsacks, and other cover, 
 and a numerous artillery; if the assaulted pnYty bravely avails 
 itself of its advantages." It was so at Fredericksburg, reversing 
 the parties, and will be so everywhere. 
 
 Now a word about North Carolinians in this charge at Gettys- 
 burg, and of what I was an 63^6 witness. 
 
 On the morning of the 3rd, I had been put in command, by 
 order of Gen. Lee, of two of the brigades of Gen. Pender, who had 
 been wounded. These were both of North Carolina troops, com- 
 manded by J. H. Lane and Alfred M. Scales. On taking com- 
 mand of these troops, entire strangers to me, and wishing as far 
 as I could to inspire them with confidence, I addressed them 
 briefly, ordered that no gun should be fired until the enemy's 
 line was broken, and that I should advance with them to the 
 farthest point. "^ 
 
 When the charge commenced about 3 P. M., I followed Petti- 
 grew (Heth's division) about 150 yards in rear, a sufficient dis- 
 tance to prevent the adverse fire raking both ranks as we marched 
 down the slope. Notwithstanding the losses as we advanced, the 
 men marched with the deliberation and accuracy of men on drill^ 
 I observed the same in Pettigrew's line. When the latter was 
 
 *Gen. Trimble did keep in the line on horseback as far as i\ advanced, and the 
 oAj Major General who did so. 
 
58 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 within one hundred or one hundred and fifty 3'ards from the 
 Emmettsburg road, they seemed to sink into the earth under the 
 tempest of fire poured into them. We passed over the remnant 
 of tlieir line, and immediately after some one close by my left, 
 sung out " three cheers for the old North State," when b'^th bri- 
 gades sent up a hearty shout, on wliich I said to my aid. "Charley, 
 I believe those first fellows are going into the enemy's line." 
 
 They did get to the road and drove the opposing line from it. 
 They continued there some minutes, discharging their pieces at 
 the enemy. The loss here was fearful, and I knew that no troops 
 could long endure it. I was anxious to know how things went 
 on with the troops on our right, and taking a quick but delibe- 
 rate view of the field over which Pickett had advanced, I per- 
 ceived that the enemy's fire seemed to slacken there, and men in 
 squads were falling back on the west side of the Emmettsburg 
 road. By this I inferred that Pickett's division had been repulsed, 
 and if so, that it would be a useless sacrifice of life to continue the 
 contest. I therefore did not attempt to rally theiflen who begun 
 to give back from the fence. 
 
 As I followed the retiring line on horseback at a walk, to the 
 crest of Cemetery Ridge, under the increasing discharge of grape, 
 shell and musketry, I had cause to wonder how amj one could 
 escape wounds or death. 
 
 On reaching the summit of the ridge, I found tlie men had 
 fallen into line behind some rude defences. I said " that is right 
 my brave fellows, stand your ground, and we will presently serve 
 these chaps as they have us." For bv all the rules of warfiire, 
 the Federal troops should (as I expected they would) have marched 
 against our shattered columns and sought to cover our army with 
 an overwhelming defeat. 
 
 In turning over the command to Gen. Lane, I used some em- 
 phatic expression of commendation for the gallant behavior of 
 these men, but I am sure did not use tlie profane terms which 
 Gen. Lane quotes as my language. 
 
 Being severely wounded and unable to follow the army in its 
 retreat, I made no report of the battle, or return of killed and 
 wounded. Gen. Lane and Gen. Scales have done this, which 
 shows the fearful loss of these two brigades in the charge of Jul}'' 
 third. 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 59 
 
 S. D. Pool : — I laid aside what is written above, but delayed 
 to send it to yon. Having since then attended the ceremonies ot 
 unveiling the Jackson statue at Richmond, on the 2()th October, 
 and while there heard the brilliant address of J. W. Daniels, of 
 Lynchburg, on the battle of Gettysburg, intended to be a correct 
 account of the occurrences of the 3rd July, in which I find the 
 same old errors repeated, I was preparing, as Gen. AVilcox has 
 done, a brief article to correct the mistakes of Mr. Daniel, in what 
 he says of the troops on Pickett's left, when I received from him 
 the following letter, which, with my reply, will close this defence 
 of North Carolina troops : 
 
 LY^X'HBURG, Nov. 22d, 1875. 
 Gen. J. R. Trimble: 
 
 Dear General — Gen. Wilcox thinks I have made some errors 
 as to the 3rd day's charge at Gettysburg. If I have made any in 
 respect to the troops which came under your command or obser- 
 vation, will you do me the honor and kindness to point out my 
 error, and thus greatly oblige. 
 
 Yours with much respect, 
 
 Jno. W. Daniel. 
 
 Baltimore, Nov. 24th, 1875. 
 Jno. W. Daniel, Esq.: 
 
 Dear Sir — Your favor of 23d received. As respects the errors 
 made in your able address in Richmond, as to the action of Pen- 
 der's division under my command, they are not very important, 
 but may as well be corrected. 
 
 First. You state that "our left under Trimble staggered at the 
 start, &c." That is an error. There was no hesitation in my 
 command at the start, for at first the fire of the enemy did not 
 reach us, being directed at Ileth's division in advance under 
 Pettigrew, 
 
 Secondly. You say '' Pettigrew's and Trimble's men had broken 
 before the tornado of canister in their front, and had disappeared,"' 
 inferring that these men quit the assault and left Pickett's men 
 unsupported, whereas my men were the last to leave the field (or 
 he charge.) 
 
 This I know, as I rode in the line between the two brigades 
 
60 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 from the s'.art down to the Einmettsburg road, passing over the 
 wreck of Heth's division, (Pettigrew's.) Before ray line recoiled 
 under a concentrated fire from my front and left, I looked to the 
 right where Pickett's men had been seen to advance, and beheld 
 nothing but isolated and scattered remnants of that splendid line. 
 
 When we reached the Emmettsburg road, the terrific fire, 
 right in their faces, with tlieir comrades melting away around 
 them, our line slowly began to yield, or rather ceased to advance 
 beyond the road. It was there as I still sat on my horse, woun- 
 ded and at the road, that my aid, Charley Grogan, said : " General, 
 the men are falling back, shall I rally them ?" Before replying, 
 I looked again to our right for the effect of Pickett's charge, but 
 could see nothing but a few men in squads moving to the rear, 
 and at a considerablti distance from the Emmettsburg road. It 
 was there, after a brief but deliberate view of the field, that I said, 
 " No, Charley, the best thing these brave fellows can do, is to get 
 out of this." So mounting my horse, from which I had alighted, 
 with help of Grogan, we followed, at a walk, our men to the rear, 
 who marched back sullenly and slowly in almost as good order 
 as they had advanced, and I halted them on the summit of Cem- 
 etery Ridge. On the presumption that the enemy would pursue 
 us, I here prepared for defence, and feeling faint from my wound, 
 turned over the command to Gen. Lane. 
 
 Thus I am sure that my command continued the contest some 
 time after Pickett's force had been dispersed, not that M'e fought 
 better, but because as a second line, we did not reach the enemy 
 quite as soon as the troops on our right, but maintained our 
 ground after they had been driven back. 
 
 It was hard in your splendid composition to avoid some errors. 
 Not until every one puts down what actually took i^lace under his 
 own eye in a battle, can its true and exact history be related by 
 one writer. 
 
 Pickett's men were nearer the enemy at the start, and did bear 
 the brunt bravely, but they were not the only " heroes of Gettys- 
 burg." 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 J. R. Trimble. 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 61 
 
 INTERESTING FACTS. 
 
 The most ancient manuscripts are written without accents, 
 stops, or separation between the words, nor was it until after the 
 ninth century that copyists began to leave spaces between words. 
 
 The first piece of artillery was invented by a German, soon 
 after the invention of gunpowder, and artillery was first used by 
 the Moors at Algesirar, in Spain, in the seige of 1341. 
 
 The first banks were established in Italy, in the year 808, by 
 the Lombard Jews, of whom some settled in Lombard street, 
 London, where many bankers have ever since resided. 
 
 The oldest version of the Old and New Testament belonging 
 to the Christians, is that in the Vatican, which was written in 
 the fourth or fifth century, and published in the year 1597. 
 
 Ancient books were originally boards, or the inner bark of 
 trees ; and bark is still used by some nations, as are also skins, 
 for which latter, parchment was generally substituted. 
 
 Bowling is an old English game, and was very common as 
 early as the thirteenth century. Charles I. played at it and it 
 was a daily sport of Charles II. 
 
 Stones were first used for bullets ; iron ones are first mentioned 
 in 1550. Leaden bullets were made before the close of the six- 
 teenth century. Stone cannon balls are still used in the East. 
 
 The most stupendous canal in the world is the one in China, 
 which passes over two thousand miles, and to' forty-one cities ; it 
 was commenced in the tenth century. A monster work of man. 
 
\ 
 
 62 'OLE LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 For Our Living and Our Dead. 
 HOVE PRO:tlPTLY A!VI> STRIKE HARD. 
 
 tl). II. Hill's command to liiwkcnridgc at Chicamauga.) 
 
 BY S. D. BAGLEY. 
 
 'Mid the rolling of the thunder 
 
 Over Chicamauga 's stream, 
 Thousands brave contending under 
 
 That dark cloud, whose lightning gleam 
 Blazed from angry cannon flashing 
 
 In the terrible bombard, 
 Rang the words 'mid rifles' crashing, 
 
 " Ncnv move promptly ami strike hard." 
 Did they do it? Sternly dashing 
 
 On the foeman's flaming lines. 
 Though the canister was crashing 
 
 Where the star-cross banner shines, 
 Through the storm of iron rushing, 
 
 Fierce as tiger, swift as pard. 
 Backward swift the foeman pushing. 
 
 They moved promptly and struck hard. 
 Vict'ry on their banner gleaming: 
 
 Back the routed foemen fell. 
 Through the mountains quickly streaming, 
 
 Flying from that battle-yell : 
 Breck en ridge's troops are pouring 
 
 On their routed rearward guard. 
 And the gallant braves of Loring 
 
 Have moved promptly and struck hard. 
 Thus in life it must be ever ; 
 
 Who would win the prize must be 
 Ready with a stern endeavor 
 
 To strive for the victory. 
 And when all the world opposes, — 
 
 None your toils seem to regard, — 
 Dream not then of beds of roses. 
 
 But move promptly and strike hard. 
 Soldier, on the road to glory, 
 
 Sailor, in the path to fame, 
 Would you live in song and story? 
 
 High and proudly write your name? 
 Though the sky be dark and glooming. 
 
 And far distant the reward, 
 Through opposing thunders booming 
 
 Still move promptly and strike hard. 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 63 
 
 Student, goaded by ambition 
 
 To attain your being's end, 
 Would you reach its full fruition ? 
 
 To it all your powers bend. 
 Seems the prize too far to win it? 
 
 Foes thy progress to retard ? 
 Mark thy path — be firm — begin it — • 
 
 Then move promptly and strike hard. 
 Laborer, on anvil singing, 
 
 Workman, with the spade and hoe, 
 Competence from sweat-drops wringing, 
 
 Cheerful on your journey go. 
 Never lean upon your neighbor — 
 
 Toil will bring its own reward — 
 Work for loved ones is not labor — 
 
 Then move promptly and strike hard. 
 When afliictions lower o'er you, 
 
 And so dreary is the way 
 And no sunshine gleams before you ; 
 
 Do not then your trusi betra}' : — 
 Still press onward. It is given 
 
 But to sweeten the reward : — 
 For they only enter heaven 
 
 Who move promptly and strike hard. 
 
 It is good and safe to sojourn in every place as if you meant 
 to spend your life there, never omitting an opportunity of doing 
 a kindness, or speaking a true word, or making a friend. Seeds 
 thus sown by the wayside often bring forth abundant harvest." 
 
 Fontenelle thus daintily compliments the sex when he com- 
 pares women and clocks : " The latter serve to point out the 
 hours, and the former to make us forget them." 
 
64 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 AT HIS POST. 
 
 In Meinoriani. 
 
 BY LEE HAMPTON. 
 
 " Death found him there, without grandeur or beauty, 
 Only an honest man doing his duty.'' 
 
 A stillness as of death brooded over the blue M-aters of the fair 
 bay which girted the shores of a Southern city. 
 
 The harbor was full of merchant vessels and men-of-war be- 
 longing to the U. S. Navy, but between them and the town, 
 barring all inter-communication, stretched that grim guardian 
 of the public health and safety, The Quarantine Station I It was 
 a long narrow strip of land, barren and desolate, upon which the 
 waves of the sea beat a ceaseless " tattoo," adorned with but a 
 single building, the Quarantine Hospital. That scourge of our 
 sunny Southern cities on the Gulf, Yellow Fever, had signalled 
 its dread approach, in its most fatal form, and was hewing down 
 the hardy sailors of the merchant men and the stalwart seamen 
 of the fleet, attacking with its deadly poison officers and men 
 alike, and even the Commodore of the squadron. 
 
 Fearful was the panic in the little city. Hearts yet sore with 
 sad memories of stricken households, trembled with appiehension, 
 while the lips and cheek of many grew pale with fear as they 
 clasped more fondly the treasures that yet remained. Long fa- 
 miliarity with sickness and death, throughout many weary 
 summer months, when fashion and wealth were dancing away 
 the hours at the watering places, had not hardened their hearts, 
 or deadened their sensibilities to the awful peril that warned them 
 annually when the Harvest Moon was brightest, and Nature most 
 luxuriantly beautiful, of the uncertainty of life, the hopelessness 
 of human skill, the helplessness of human love. And their escape 
 from the untold terrors of this dread pestilence, depended, after 
 the mercy of God, upon the fidelity of one man, the physician in 
 charge at Quarantine ! 
 
 Cutting himself loose from all intercourse save with those smit- 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 65 
 
 ten by disease, and their nurses, his own life exposed to constant 
 and deadly peril, it is the duty of this man to watch, day and 
 night, with sleepless vigilance and untiring energy, lest the trai- 
 torous disease be smuggled on shore ; and should he prove un- 
 worthy of the terrible responsibility ; should he stop to consider 
 bis own safety or comfort for one moment, or in any particular, 
 fail to meet the issue of the hour, the consequences must be 
 death f 
 
 No wonder, then, there is anxiety and apprehension in this 
 city by the sea, that the citizens are excited and alarmed, for their 
 safety is in great jeopardy ; the Cerberus, who guards the plague- 
 stricken within the gloomy shades of the Naval Inferno, is an 
 indifferent and untrustworthy keeper. Placed there by official 
 appointment for the sake of the " loaves and fishes," before there 
 was fear of the fever, he is ignorant, untried, and inexperienced, 
 and they know that they cannot trust him to peril his life, or 
 even expose his safety, so now that the great crisis has come, he 
 must be removed, and he has signified his readiness to vacate in 
 favor of any man the Board of Health might prefer. But who 
 would take his place ? what sane person would consent to throw 
 away so rashly his chances for life ? 
 
 " Never mind," said the Vox Populi, " we can find the man," 
 and for once it was right. There were few in the place who did 
 not know Dr. Roy Campbell, of Virginia, who had so unhesita- 
 tingly accepted the position, and so faithfully performed its duties 
 during the last season that the fever had prevailed to any extent; 
 and after nursing hundreds untiringly through the epidemic, at 
 last, when there was nothing more to do, had taken it himself 
 and recovered. Not many knew his history, but there were lines 
 on his face, and a look of melancholy in his brown eyes, when at 
 rest, that was unutterably pathetic, while his form was bent and 
 his long beard thickly sprinkled with gray, but not of years. He 
 never spoke of himself or the past, or made any allusion to his 
 sorrows. Whatever they were, or had been, Le bore them bravely 
 and silently ; he was always so " diligent in business," so over- 
 whelmed with labors that he had little time for society, and none 
 but intimate friends knew that he had a young wife buried among 
 the hills of his native State, and some motherless children there ; 
 but the little ones of the place knew him well, and loved him 
 5 
 
66 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 dearly; for they, young and unerring readers oi" human nature, 
 found out there was beneath that quiet and indifferent exterior, 
 the tcnderest and most unselfish heart that ever beat and broke. 
 
 And so a committee of citizens waited upon Dr. Campbell, who 
 listened quietly to their petition, heard their pleading, and an- 
 swered promptly, " I will (jo ;'' and while the town once more 
 drew a free breath, ten days later there was mailed fnjm the dis- 
 mal Quarantine to loved ones far away in the old home, where 
 an aged mother and motherless children were expecting to see 
 the dear absent face of son and father, a brave, cheerful letter: 
 " he felt it his duty to the city ; he did not fear, they musi not be 
 uneasy, he had had the fever, and there w<;s little danger — : he 
 would come by and by, when the frost had killed Yellow Jack." 
 
 " Into the jaws of death rode the six hundred," sings the Lau- 
 reate, and the charge at Balaklava "in its chivalry sublime," has 
 been handed down in song, and stor}', and history-; but who tells 
 of those who go as bravely " into the jaws of death," of whom the 
 world never hears, whose noble deeds are not heralded, nor even 
 praised, save in the presence of Him whose clear eye alone can 
 discern the true manhood ? And ihnj go to save, not to destroy, to 
 relieve, not to mutilate — ^which is the nobler hero ? Both do their 
 duty, but the one to win fame and glory, the other to gain no plau- 
 dits, and to receive no honor, but only like the Master, to give 
 liis life for men ; and will not the Master reward ? 
 
 And as the long hot days wear on, and the plague increases in 
 malignity, the Doctor is going incessantly from morning till 
 night, from night till morning, now " boarding " a vessel, now 
 removing the sick, now ministering to the suffering, patient, in- 
 defatigable and tender as a woman, in those scenes of agon}', 
 where no woman's hand is present to wij)e off the death-dew, nor 
 whisper of God and Heaven, and the atoning blood of Jesus to 
 the dying. 
 
 But soon, exhausted nature can bear no more, and the brave 
 physician feels that the dread disease has fastened itself upon 
 him, wdien his broken down and overworked system is unable to 
 resist its attack ; but self-forgetful as ever, he keeps up, and at 
 his duties as long as possible, taking the medicines himself, he 
 administers to his suffering patients, until at last he falls on the 
 floor by a bedside, and is taken by the nurse to his own room. 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 67 
 
 and laid on liis couch. Alas! alas ! to rise no more. And tliore 
 he lay, scorched with the raging fever, but quiet and uncom- 
 plaining, apparently in a state of semi-unconsciousness. Once 
 seeming to have a lucid interval, they ask to bo allowed to send 
 to the city for Dr. Randolph, his friend and kinsman, but he 
 shook his head, saying, " he has a large family, his life must not 
 be endangered;" but when he relapsed, the^^ sent a messenger 
 and Dr. Randolph, hesitating not a moment to answer the sad 
 summons, though leaving his own child ill, went over quicklj'-to 
 the infected hospital, and found that skill and care could avail 
 naught; for the brave man was dying, the life spent for others- 
 was going out for others, and the long years of toil and suffering 
 were about to close. Silently and anxiously throughout- the long, 
 brooding hours of the night, they kept their solemn vigil, Dr. 
 Randolph seeking for some sign of consciousness as he saw the 
 life-tide ebbing, slowly, but surely away; but none- came, only 
 broken words of the "long ago," murmured low and softly, 
 "mother," "father;" the burden of years had been rolled- back- 
 ward, and his mind was wandering in the golden days of. a happy 
 boyhood, he was becoming a child again, that he might enter the- 
 kingdom of Heaven ; the mute watchers saw a smile begin tO' 
 dawn upon the still lips, as he said again " mother," and then 
 the hands were clasped, the eyes reverently raised, and again, 
 closed softly, as they caught the faint words : 
 
 " Now I lay me do-\vn to sleep, 
 I — pray — the Lord — " 
 
 And with the child's prayer on his lips, he had murmured at liis 
 mother's knee, the brave soul winged its flight from earth and. 
 finished the words at the great white Throne. 
 
 The gray dawn looked in upon two men gazing sadly upon a 
 calm, still face, very peaceful in its perfect repose, long, heavy 
 lashes shading the pale cheeks, the brown hair, so thickly sprink- 
 led with gray, brushed back from the broad white brow, and the 
 arras folded over the most faithful and most loving heart that 
 ever lay pulseless in death ; a great heart that had bravely shoul- 
 dered heavy burdens ; that had suffered long and silently under 
 great losses, injustices, failures, bereavements, at peace at last I 
 The wicked had ceased from troubling and the weary was at rest- 
 
B^ OVR miNG AJS/D OVn DEAD. 
 
 "And when the morn came young and fair, 
 
 Brimful of blushes ripe and red, 
 
 Knee deep in sky sent roses there, 
 
 Nature began her earliest prayer, 
 
 Above the nobh- dead',"— 
 
 * * * ■>'<• i-f K' * 
 
 "You knew hiin well, Doctor, did you not?" said the young 
 man who had been faithfully nursing him, one of tin officers 
 from the fleet, it ho had recovered from the fever, and felt he owed 
 his life to the devotion of the man who now lay dead before him, 
 
 " I have often wondered, as I have watched him in his inde- 
 fatigable labors, and noticed his indifference to life, what was his 
 Ihistory. I imagined some heavy sorrow must be his portion, 
 tthough he never spoke of it, and worked like a Trojan all the 
 itime" 
 
 " Yes," said Dr. Randolph, with a deep sigh, arousing himself 
 from his mournful reverie, " I have known him from boyhood, 
 and we were together in the army. I never knew a braver or a 
 better soldier; there, as here, always at the post of duty. No 
 wonder he was so sad, poor fellow ! poor fe low" !" He stopped, 
 but moved by the deep interest in the face of his companion, he 
 continued. " At the beginning of the war he was among the 
 first to respond to the call for the defence of his country, (there 
 was never any holding back or shirking duty with him or any 
 of his name; he came of a good stock,) and his prompt devotion 
 to duty and patriotism, caused him the sacrifice of all his proper- 
 t}^ as was the case with many of the sons of the grand old Com- 
 monwealth. The Virginians certainly proved the sincerity of 
 their conviction that they had their " quarrel just " by more than 
 mere gallant fighting ; for could such hardships, such losses, such 
 sacrifices as was with most of them, an every day experience, ever 
 have been cheerfully endured, save through the purest and holiest 
 motives ?" " I think not," said the young ofiicer, who wore the 
 blue of the U. S. Navy. " But it was the women, God bless them !" 
 continued Dr. Randolph, " after all, ever our superiors in forti- 
 tude, who bore the brunt of the war, suffering in their quiet 
 homes untold privations, and daily anxiety of agonies and sus- 
 pense and waiting, that would have made the most manly spirit 
 . quail, and yet they toiled and sacrificed, and suffered, without 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 69 
 
 one word or murmur of complaint, aj^e, even smiled and cheered 
 us on, while their own heroic hearts were silently breaking, and 
 many even bravel}^ died and gave no sig n. Roy's wife was young 
 and very delicately reared, and unaccustomed to toil, privation 
 began to tell upon her health, but never a complaint escaped her, 
 and, I think, he never knew how much she was quietly enduring 
 until he saw with terrible anxiety, (for he was the most devoted 
 husband and father I ever saw, utterly absorbed in his wife and 
 children,) that her life was slowly killing her, and that the fell 
 destroyer, consumption, had fastened itielf upon his treasure. 
 Strongly as he was tempted b}'' this severe trial, he never dreamed 
 of abandoning his country in her sore need, but sending his wife 
 to iier father's, away from the excitement of the seat of war, he 
 bore as well as he could, the sad separation. But soon the end 
 came, the tragic close of so much sacrifice, and daring, and glo- 
 rious valor, and it became evident that the army, all that w^as 
 left of it, must retreat, and ultimately surrender. Crushed to the 
 earth as the men and officers were by this unexpected blow, the 
 cup of poor Roy's sorrow w^as not yet full. I was with him on 
 the retreat when we passed through the small inland town where 
 his family were " refugeeing," and, being his relative and a phy- 
 sician, I went with him to see his wife. I saw, as soon as I en- 
 tered her room, that her days were numbered, for death had 
 already set his dread signal upon her brow. Roy exclaimed, with 
 a gasp of agony I shall never forget: " Oh ! Agnes, why did you 
 not let them write me you w^ere so much worse?" She shook her 
 head gentl}^ and replied : " No, no, I knew you could not leave, 
 that you could not be spared, and I did not wish to distress yea, 
 but I am so thankful to God that you have come now ; that lie 
 has permitted me to see your face once again, my dear, dear Rcy ?" 
 ''And I will never leave you again while you live, my darling," 
 said the stricken husband. Dr. Randolph's voice was husky, for 
 memory took him back to that saddest scene of all the last, sad 
 days, in those times of trial, none of us can ever forget, and he 
 saw again the fair, sweet face, so calm and patient, the soft blue 
 eyes lighted by so brave and patriotic a spirit, as the faint tones 
 asked, " Where is the army now ?" " On the retreat from Rich- 
 mond," answered Roy, " but do not agitate yourself, now, by 
 thinking of that, for I am with you and safe." " And your regi- 
 
70 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 mont?" slic persisted, " 1ms gone on." She started up, "and you, 
 my luisband, why are you here? Oh! Roy, you know I could 
 not die in peace, thinking you had deserted your country, your 
 duiy, your ])()st, Tor me! Go, my husband, go, do your duty, and 
 leave me in the hands of God !" " I cannot," groaned the man, 
 *' I cannot go, and leave you to die without mo !" She raised 
 h rsolf, nnd clas})ing her arms around him, said, " not when / 
 beg you to go, to return to your post you have never left before ! 
 What! kShail my husband desert his country in such an ex- 
 tremity as this ? Never, never /" Roy buried his face in his hands 
 aiul wlicn ho raised it, it was more deathly pale than her own, 
 and as I left the room, feeling I must not witness the sacredness 
 of suv'h a parting, I heard him say: "You are right, I must go, 
 but it will break niy heart !" I waited for him in thenextroom, 
 and after awliile he came out with his beautiful little girl in his 
 arms, clinging to him in childish, unconscious glee, and I shall 
 never forget the expression of his face, as he put the child in its 
 grandmother's arms, pressing one last kiss on the rosy, smiling 
 lips, and wrung her hand in a silent farewell. And in a moment 
 we were on our horses again, dashing off like lightning to catch 
 up with the men, and 
 
 '• Oh ! did he never see her again," interrupted the listener, in 
 a liusky whimper. 
 
 •' No, alas ! we returned to the army only to fight the last bat- 
 tles, and witness the last scene of the bloody drama of the war ; 
 the troo])S were disbanded, and poor Roy returned to M — , only 
 to find a new made grave in the village church yard, the house 
 shut up and tidings from a servant on the premises that his wife 
 had died three daysitfior he left, and the family had gone, she 
 knew not where, taking his children with them !" ••' * "^ 
 
 " I did not see him again for years," continued Dr. Randolph, 
 after a few moments silence. " I returned South, and hearing he 
 had found it impossible to retrieve his broken fortunes in Vir- 
 ginia. I wrote to liim olFering him a share in m}^ practice in this 
 city. He came, and you know the rest — his life here, and how 
 often lie has bravely risked it during the prevalence of our epi- 
 demic. 1 begged him not to go to the Quarantine again, but his 
 only answer was : " I feel it to be my duty, I must go," and I 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 71 
 
 knew tlien that it was useless to argue with him, and now he has 
 gone, noble, loyal soul, and friend of my youth, farewell !" — 
 
 " May God receive his spirit," murmured the young man, with 
 tears rolling down his manly cheeks, as he looked sadly at the 
 handsome, tranquil face, " cold in the alabaster arms of death." 
 " At rest at last ! And it seems to me, verily, such a death is the 
 noblest a man could ask. It is ' a sweet and beautiful thing to 
 die for one's country,' but how much more noble, more Christ- 
 like to die for man, like Him, too, to give your life a ransom for 
 many !" " Yes," said Dr. Randolph, " and he would have de- 
 sired nothing more than to have fallen thus at the post of dut}^, 
 and wlion duty demanded his life, to have yielded it unhesita- 
 tingly and unfalteringly ! I pray God his orphan children may 
 heed the voiceless eloquence of such a sacrifice, and that their 
 young lives may be inspired by the solemn lesson taught by the 
 grand pathos of such a death, for it is his inheritance to them 
 more ])recious than jewels, and far richer than gold !" 
 
 THE POETRY OF THE ROSE. 
 
 BY MRS. K. M. ROWLAND. 
 
 Leigli Hunt observes that " one of the triumphs of poetry is to 
 associate its remembrance with the beauties of nature." And 
 thus natural objects become the property of the poet. Lovers of 
 Homer and Shakspeare, in looking at the moon, recall the famous 
 night scene in the Iliad, and that romantic moonlight colloquy 
 in the Merdianf of Venice, In this way the English nightingale 
 belongs to Milton and the youthful, dying Keats. The lark would 
 be Shakspeare's, but that Shelley has won it from him in right 
 of his immortal Ode. But our critic does not suggest to us the 
 practical ownership of the rose, the flower of love and beauty, 
 the favorite of the lyric muse. We propose to consider some of 
 the associations it has gathered around it in the poet-mind of 
 man throughout the ages. Among the imaginative and beauty- 
 loving Greeks, the " roses of Pieria," symbolized the gifts of tlie 
 
72 OUR LIVJhG AND OUR DEAD, 
 
 immortal nine, as Sappho sings. And Theocritus tells us the 
 rose is " sacred to the Heliconian muse/' 
 
 Sappho in glowing words has painted the beauty of the rose: 
 
 " The blnsh of meads, the eye of flowers:" 
 " Whose " fragrance is tlie breath of love." 
 
 Anacreon dedicates two of his odes to the rose, which he cele- 
 brates as " the flower of love." He alludes in his verses to its 
 use as an ingredient in medicine, and to the custom of employ- 
 ing roses in embalming the dead. The rose also was hung in 
 garlands over graves, not alone for its short-lived beauty, but for 
 its inore enduring fragrance. Moore, in his notes to Anacreon, 
 remarks upon the great admiration the Greeks had for this flower, 
 giving rise to the proverbial expression, " You have spoken 
 roses." Anacreon uses the epithet, " ros3'-fingered," as applied 
 to the dawn, a phrase original with Homer. Tlie expression 
 " under the rose," survives to denote what to the Latins was the 
 symbol of honorable secrecy at the festive board, as it was an- 
 ciently the token of initiation. The Greek and Latin poets give 
 the mythical origin of the rose, as formed from the blood of 
 Adonis. His death, according to classic fable, was caused by a 
 wound from the wild boar. Venus, lamenting his fate, her tears 
 fell to earth and the delicate anemone grew in their place. In 
 the words of Bion : 
 
 " Botli tears and (h-ops of l)lood were turii'd to flowers ; 
 From these in erim^ .n beauty sprang the r )Si' 
 Cerulean bright anemones from those." 
 
 Ovid, however, gives the anemone the origin usutrily ii^jribed 
 to the rose. Moore translates a Latin epigram which derives the 
 roseate hue of this flower from the blood of Venus, dyeing the 
 white red 
 
 "While the enanior'd qneen of jo}' 
 
 Flies to protect her lovely boy 
 
 On whom the jealous war-god rushes ; 
 
 She treads upon a thorneil rose, 
 
 And while the wound with erimson flows, 
 
 The snow'y flow'ret feels her blood and blushes." 
 
 The rose thus enshrined in classic story, is above all the flower 
 
OUR LIVIJSG AND OUR DEAD. 73 
 
 of the East. Its natal land is Persia, and from those wonderful 
 gardens, fitly termed Paradises, the rose, with so many of her 
 sisters, found her way into the gardens of Europe. In the East, 
 the most beautiful of flowers is })ersonated as the beloved of the 
 most melodious of birds. 'J'he lovers of the rose and the night- 
 ingale, the " Gul " and the •' Bulbul " forms the favorite theme 
 of the poet. 
 
 Byron, Moore, and all who have adopted the oriental imagery, 
 dwell upon this charming fable in which the rose is throned. 
 
 " Sultana of the ni^-htingale, 
 
 The maid for whom his melody 
 
 His thousand songs are heard on high." 
 
 In Eastern love-songs, the lover of the rose is often commis- 
 sioned to sing the poet's secret to his beloved, of wnom the rose 
 is but a type, as it blushes on beauty's cheek. In Lalla Roohli is 
 a description of the Eastern feast of roses, called also " The Scat- 
 tering of the Ro.ses." In a note to this poem, Moore tells us of 
 the choice roses of the " Garden of the Nile," from which fragrant 
 couches were made for the officers of the Moorish Emperor's 
 household. 
 
 The poetical treatment of the rose, as observed lastly, in the 
 modern mind, reserves its earliest illustration in the " Romaunt 
 of the Rose," the famous French allegorical poem of the thir- 
 teenth century. This, the work of two successive poets, is known 
 to English readers through Chaucer's translation. The hero of 
 the story wanders into an enchanted garden tended by the maiden 
 Idleness. Here, beside the " Well of Love," 
 
 " Tlie mii-ror j)erilous, 
 
 In which 1 he proud Narcissus, 
 
 Saw all his fair face bright," 
 
 he meets a similar fate. " Don Cupid " lurks near unseen, and 
 as he gazes at the reflection of a rose in the water, the mischiev- 
 ous archer lets fly a shaft. Straightway he is enamored of the 
 rose and strives to kiss it, but is repelled by Danger and Chastity, 
 who are the guardians of the rose. Thus the fable proceeds, 
 through some of the quaintest and sweetest Trouvei'e verse, until 
 the romaunt is lost in the satire and the poetry dies out of with 
 the fragrance of the forgotten rose. 
 
74 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 TliG origin of the rose from the inanimate form of a lovely 
 wood-nymph, \s a conceit of the Irallic fancy, and forms the sub- 
 ject of a poem translated by Hughes, a forgotten " British Poet." 
 The favorite classical analogies find expression in a poem of Sir 
 Walter Raleigh's. It is the song of " The Shepherd to the flow- 
 ers." The roses are to bear ihcir peculiar message to his mistress : 
 
 " Vcnueillion ru'^es, thut will) new day's rise, 
 ^)i^lllay your criiuson folds, fresh looking, fair, 
 Whose radi.'int bright disgraces 
 The rich adorned rays of roseate rising morn I 
 * -X- ^- * --i * * 
 
 If chance my mistress traces 
 Fast by your flowers to take the summer's air, 
 Then woful blushinj; tempt her jjlorjous eyes 
 To spread their tears, Adonis' death reporting. 
 
 And tell Leve's torments, sorrowing for her friend. 
 Whose drops of blood within your leaves consorting. 
 Report fair Venus" moans to have no end I" 
 
 Drummond, of Hawthornden, w!)om Lamb lovingly includes 
 among those three or four sweetest mim.es of poets, " which carry 
 a perfume inithe mention," writes of the rose in the same strain 
 of classical allusion. A poem on " The Rose," by Sir John 
 Davies, forms one of twenty-six acrostics in praise of Elizabctha 
 regina ; more ingenious than original. The last stanza reminds 
 us of the historic roses of York and Lancaster : 
 
 " Rose of the queen of love belov'd:; 
 England's great kings divinely inov'd. 
 Gave reses in their banner ; 
 It show'd that beautj-'s rose indeed, 
 Now ia this age should them succeed 
 And reign in more sweet manner." 
 
 And we liavo in our own day, Canon Ivingsley's word for it 
 that she wan pretty, England's great queen, so we need not smile at 
 the zealous courtier phrase, " beauty's rose." 
 
 As a sample object of natural beauty, divested of the classical 
 and not yet clothed with the more -strictly modern or ethical 
 associations, the rose has place in some of the most honeyed verse 
 of the genuine poets. It is not alone, but clustering with her 
 fellows, as the queen of the bouquet, we find her. As in the 
 •' Prothalmien " of Spencer, so admired by Coleridge for the 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 75 
 
 '•' swan-like " movement of its refrain. A " flock of nymphs '' 
 gather flowers for the bridal : 
 
 " The -piolet pallid blue, 
 
 The little daisie that at evening closes, 
 The virgin lillie and the primrose true 
 With store of vermeil roses." 
 
 Again in Ben Jonson's •'Shepherd's Holiday.:" 
 
 " Strew, strC'W the glad and smiling ground 
 
 With evtry flower, 3'et not confound 
 
 The prim-rose drop, the spring's own sjjouse. 
 
 Bright daisy-eyes, and the lips of cows, 
 
 The garden-star, the queen of Maj', 
 
 The rose to crown the holiday." 
 
 Thus scattered up and down through English poesy we find 
 the flowers, and chiefest .among them, " Mid-May's eldest child." 
 To give one more selection under this head: in the " Muses Elys- 
 ium " of Drayton, is the following description of a fairy's bed, 
 noticed by Leigh Hunt, for its delicate and Shaksperian fancy : 
 
 " Of leaves of roses white and red 
 Shall be the covering of the bed.; 
 The curtains, vallens tester all, 
 Shall be the flower imperial ; 
 And for the fringe, it all alonjj 
 With azure hare bells shall be hung. 
 Of lilies shall the pillows be 
 With down stuft of the butterfly." 
 
 k poem on " Flowers," very spirited and graceful in its play- 
 ful fancy has been written by Hood, in which he as.^igns each 
 her character, and none other will he woo but the 
 
 " dainty rose 
 
 With licr cheelis of tender I'ed." 
 
 As a very beautiful instance of the poet's "sympathizing with 
 creation," Leigh Hunt calls attention to a thought in Keats' St. 
 Agnes' Eve, wdiich is appropriate to our purpose as illustrating an- 
 other phase of the poetry of the rose. 
 
 It is in the stanza that describes Madeline "asleep in lap of 
 legends old," and forms the climax to a succession of precious 
 images : 
 
76 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 " Blinded alike from sunsliine and from rain, 
 
 Ak thouj^li a rose eliould shut and be a bud again." 
 
 The ethics of the rose, or the moral and spiritual analogies, to 
 be drawn from it, conclude and complete the scale of poetic asso- 
 ciation. From Shakspeare we cull an example, it is a part of one 
 of the Sounds. The flower of love becomes didactic, a preacher of 
 truth : 
 
 " how much more doth beauty beauteous seem, 
 By that sweet ornament whicli truth doth give! 
 The rose looks fair but fairer we it deem 
 For that sweet odor which doth in it live." 
 
 Waller, in lines that have been often quoted, bids the " lovely 
 rose," remind his mistressof the perishablencss of earthly- beauty. 
 
 Holy George Herbert, the sweet singer of the churcli, in his 
 lines on rirhw, says of this fairest flower : 
 
 " Sweet rose, whos« hue angry and brave, 
 Bids the rash gazer wipe his eye, 
 Thy not is ever in its grave 
 And thou luusi die." 
 
 Keble,a sacred poet of wonderful delicacy and purity of thought_ 
 compares the rose-bud to the flower of Heavenly Love in the 
 believer's heart. 
 
 Wendell Holmes has noticed in one of his thoughtful rambling 
 books, the suggestion of religious reserve and modesty here 
 taught. 
 
 Mrs. Browiiing gives utterance to the hopes and aspirations of 
 the youthful poet in her Lay of the Earhj Rose. Jt is written for 
 the struggling, aspiring soul of man or poet, for the two are one, 
 in this element of mingled strength and weakness. She would 
 have him perceive that 
 
 " No rose can shed her leaves 
 Far less poet fall fi'oiii mission, 
 With an unfulfilled fruition." 
 
 And with this gentle optimist we leave the poetry of the rose; 
 raised, as we have seen her, from all her lower and sensuous 
 associations, into the atmosphere of the " eternal vcreties," we 
 may reverently recall, in closing, the Hebrew associations with 
 this flower : " The Rose of Sharon " typifies the church, the Bride 
 of Israel's Heavenly King. 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 77 
 
 CARIWEKEWSIS. 
 
 BY JOHN W. MOORE. 
 
 M_y sabre hangs high on the wainscotted wall, 
 
 Of this dim ancient room where the thick shadows fall, 
 
 On the hilt that once blazed with battle's red glare, 
 
 The last beams of sunset glint feeble and rare: 
 
 For the night comes at last, and the long da}' has gone, 
 
 And I and my falchion are left all alone; 
 
 Save my dog who looks up with fond faithful eyes, 
 
 Disturbed in his dreams by his master's deep sighs, 
 
 My faithful staghound who in happier days, 
 
 Found life but one round of light gambols and plays ; 
 
 Now solemn and staid on the hearth sleeps secure. 
 
 From the ills I trust he may never endure. 
 
 The rain which has pattered all day on the roof, 
 
 Has ceased and I hear it no longer aloof; 
 
 Even through the shut windows, I scent the faint breath, 
 
 Of the poor flowers drooping in Autumn's wide death. 
 
 The long spectral limbs of a mighty oak tree, 
 
 Seem ghastly in outline with its shadow on me; 
 
 A bird of ill omen is shuddering there, 
 
 And making more dismal this night-fall so drear. 
 
 O'er the mantel I trace in the fast deep'ning gloom, 
 
 The portrait of one in her heavenly bloom ; 
 
 A sweet pensive face that long years ago, 
 
 Paled slowly and hid itself under the snow. 
 
 I am sitting alone by a slow dying fire, 
 
 And behold in its ashes a type of desire, 
 
 Of yearnings unfathomed, of love never told, 
 
 Fond dreams of my youth, sweet visions of old, 
 
 That thrilled me with gladness, then sunk out of sight, 
 
 Leaving many a trace of their depth and their might. 
 
 On the brow that was gay, now furrowed with care, 
 
 And the silver threads creeping into my dark hair. 
 
 Sad memories crowd on me out of the past, 
 
 With a few golden glimpses too radiant to last ; 
 
 Deep questions of Providence, of Free-will, and Fate, 
 
 Of poor human frailty, and man's weak estate. 
 
 Are stealing like phantoms o'er my thought-laden brain. 
 
 Dear friends and stern foemen are with me again. 
 
78 OVR LIVING AND OUR BEAD. 
 
 Oneo more the wild shouts of the armies I hear, 
 And battle's deep joy has hanished my fear ; 
 'Midst the plunging of shot and glitter of steel, 
 Again I see columns in their blood faintl}' reel. 
 
 But hark ! my strong nerves are losing their tone, 
 So liumane it sounded, that low, wailing moan, 
 Of the night-wind that reaches now even my sword. 
 That vibrates so slowly upon the frail cord, 
 That long has susj)ended my blade in its place, 
 Like that of Damocles in primeval days. 
 
 Oh blade of rare temper, long hanging on high ! 
 
 Like me from thy ills, thou art powerless to fly ; 
 
 The slow tooth of time on thy brightness is set, 
 
 A foe to consume us, old friend, we have met. 
 
 Our scabbards are worn and exhibit decay. 
 
 But longer and shorter shall both be my stay : 
 
 A halchraent of honor to this body of mine, 
 
 You may prove when no longer around me shall shine 
 
 The light of sad heavens, but the Pyramid's might. 
 
 Shall crumble to dust ere I know such a night. 
 
 As shall visit the falchion, when into thin air, 
 
 Thy last atom rises from steel once so fair. 
 
 Those mills grinding slowly grind never so fine. 
 
 As when meeting resistance persistent like thine; 
 
 To die is to live, but not so with thee, 
 
 Into infinite space thy substance shall flee, 
 
 Into utter consumption, disintegrate, lost, 
 
 Each particle severed, not even a ghost. 
 
 To haunt the lone ruin, or wee]) o'er the past ; 
 
 To the length of my ages thy time is but haste. 
 
 But when in the lapse of the slow-moving years. 
 
 When eyes that are brightest then, darkened with tears, 
 
 Have slept long forgotten 'neath beautiful flow^ers ; 
 
 And lichens have covered the proudest of towers, 
 
 Then when into ether thy semblance has passed, 
 
 What fate may await thee can scarcely be guessed. 
 
 Thou art now but an agent of wrath and of blood, 
 
 Death, Famine and Grief, thy legitimate brood ; 
 
 But when metamorphosed into life-giving air, 
 
 Some spirit may breathe thee and grow strong and fair, 
 
 So at last incorporate, alliance may make 
 
 With a soul ever deathless and thus to partake, 
 
QUE LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 79 
 
 In the ages to coiiie, witli descendant of mine, 
 Some show of rehition I dare not define. 
 
 Rust on, trusty steel, in, thy place on the wall, 
 The heart-aches of life on thee never fall ; 
 The tale of disaster, the malice of foes. 
 Can bring thee no hurt or break thy repose. 
 
 No more for us blowing the bugle's loud breath, 
 Calls the grim reapers forth to the harvest of death ; 
 No more fiery shells rushing madly on high, 
 Tell of Battle I egun and the Carnival nigh : 
 No more weary watches at night on the plain, 
 'Midst cries of the wounded and heaps of the slain ; 
 No more charging blindly at dawn on the foe. 
 With the faint Eastern hills beginning to glow. 
 The long-roll at midnight is now never heard. 
 Nor with the wild cheers are our dull pulses stirred : 
 The thunder of conflict is hushed by the sea, 
 In the mountains no longer the air pure and free, 
 Is laden w^th fumes from the cannon's deep throat; 
 O'er no lines confronting do battle-flags float. 
 
 Oh, long ago, vanished such scenes from the land ; 
 We rust, goodly sword, there's never a hand, 
 To wield thee or scatter the dust from my lips. 
 The way is uncertain, and feeble my steps. 
 Good sabre, we perish like yon slow-dying fire, 
 Consuming ourselves, yet rising no higher : 
 Ah, well-tempered blade, as you hang there so free. 
 Such promptings and thoughts arise unto me. 
 
 A GENTLEMAN saw his little daughter dipi^ing her doll's dress 
 into a tin cup, and inquired, " What are you doing, my daughter?" 
 " I'm coloring my doll's dress red." " With what?" " With beer." 
 '' What put that foolish notion into your head, child ? You can't 
 color red with beer." " Yes I can, pa, because ma said it was 
 beer that made your nose so red.'' That man had business that 
 required him down town immediately. 
 
so OLR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 VIRGINIA AND XORTII ( AROLIXA I\ THE BATTLE OF 
 CJETTYSUrRG. 
 
 BY RANDOLPH A. SHOTWELL, 8/A Rcg. Va. Volunteers. 
 
 How joyous, how buoyant, how frolicsome were We all in those 
 latter days of June, 1863, bivouaeing in the beautiful valley of 
 Cumberland, Pennsylvania, with our feet upon the enemies soil, 
 and our faces turned towards his chief cities ! 
 
 Gen. Lee's headquarters were in the old Dutch town of Chara- 
 bersburg, surrounded by the bulk of the army, though one or 
 two divisions were thrown out as * feelers,' a day's journey to the 
 North and East. Gallant Rodes, of Ewell's corps, was holding 
 dress-parades in the magnificent grouds of the U. S. Arsenal and 
 Barracks at Carlisle, built by the Hessians in 1777, and occupied 
 by Washington in 17!)4 ; Jubal Early was drawing supplies and 
 clothing from the Federals of York, on the Susquehanna ; while 
 the lively veterans of A. P. Hill's corps were making the echoes 
 of South Mountain, at Cashtown Gap, ring with their exultant 
 shouts—" On to Baltimore r 
 
 Among our Northern Brethren — 'wild consternation, confusion 
 of counsels, curses of the government and the latest broken idol — 
 " Fighting Joe," absurd alarms, hurrying to and fro of hot riders, 
 and tocsins roaring at midnight to call out not very anxious 
 " Home Guards." Loyalists of Wa'-hington, Baltimore and Har- 
 risburg catching snatches of sleep upon the tops of packed trunks, 
 and awakening from hideous night-mares, to imagine the clatter 
 of " Black Horse " in the streets. In other great cities, hourly 
 bulletins multiplying the numbers of the Rebels with each edi- 
 tion and causing able-bodied militia men to offer fabulous sums 
 for medical exemption. The value of rheumatic legs ascends to 
 thousands of dollars. Gold and patriotism on the contrary are 
 quoted " low and declining." 
 
 Meanwhile we, whose voluntary return to the Union after great 
 solicitation, has produced this hub-bub, bask in the rich abun- 
 dance of the Dutch settlements that are in very deed a land of 
 "milk and honey," and "oil and wine," to the half famished 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 81 
 
 Southeniers with their rations of one-fourth pound of meat per 
 day. Until our advent, the natives of this region knew nothing 
 of the war. It was a thing at a distance : to be read of, and 
 talked of at idle moments, and a good deal boasted of, in the in- 
 tervals between " Rebel" successes, as proof of the superiority of 
 Yankee valor and resources. But not, of course, a matter to in> 
 terrupt the rearing of calves, or the manufacture of sour krout. 
 The habits of these burly " Deutchers " and their very trans- 
 parent schemes to propitiate " Dose nice Rebel gentleman's from 
 de Souf," might be narrated with much humor, did not more 
 important affairs demand my space> 
 
 SOLICITOUS RESPECTINGI OUR FRIENDS, THE ENEMY. 
 
 Notwithstanding the delights of repose after five hundred miles 
 of daily marching, there was a good deal of uneasiness among the 
 better informed officers, at the loss of nearly a week, at this criti- 
 cal period of our invasion. Every hour of such inaction, they 
 felt, must lessen the panic at the North, and briiag out a mighty 
 horde of militia and volunteers to engulf us, should we advance, 
 or swarm at our heels in case of a retreat. And while our confi- 
 dence in " Uncle Robert " was, like that of Stonewall Jackson, 
 " willing to follow him blind-folded," there were disquieting 
 rumors to the effect that Lee himself was perplexed — not being 
 able to learn anything of the whereabouts of " our friends, the 
 enemy." This was true, and calls for explanation. 
 
 Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, with the major portion of the cavalry, had 
 been left in Virginia to watch Hooker, but with instructions to 
 hasten to rejoin us soon as the latter should leave the State. The 
 Federal army, however, moved to the upper fords of the Potomac, 
 near Leesburg, occupying all the roads leading to Lee, and forcing 
 Stuart to cross lower down, make a wide detour, and head for 
 Carlisle, where he arrived on the 1st of July, too late to be of 
 service. Thus it happened that the army was ivithout its eyes at 
 the time they were most needed, and Gen. Lee was compelled to 
 halt in his march of invasion till apprized of the movements of 
 Hooker. 
 
 That commander, with a largely re-inforeed army, marched 
 northwestward from Leesburg, with the design of covering Wash- 
 ington and Baltimore, and also checking Lee's advance upon 
 
82 OLR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 Harrisburg Ly threatening his communications. But whatever 
 his plans, they were relinquished with the command of the army 
 on the 20th of June, from pique at the refusal of Halleck to order 
 to his support some 10,000 Union troops that were lying idly at 
 Harper's Ferry. H« w\as succeeded by Gen. Geo, E. Meade, a 
 more cautious commander, whose first act was to direct all his 
 Generals to concentrate upon Pipe's Creek, 15 miles southeast from 
 the town of Gettysburg. One corps (Reynolds) being in the 
 vicinity of the latter place, was permitted to remain as a support 
 for the cavalry outposts, 
 
 A NARROW LSCAVK. 
 
 On the 30th of June, Gen. Harry Hetli, of A. P. Hill's corps, 
 in bivouac near Cashtown, was ordered to march to Gettysburg, 
 and occupy it while contributions of clothing, shoes and medi- 
 cines should be levied by the Quartermasters. To Pettigrew's 
 brigade was assigned the duty of picketing the eastern approaches 
 of the town, and it was alread};- within one or two miles of the 
 place, when the skirmishers of the 11th North Carolina arrested 
 a well mounted citizen, professing to be a physician, riding to 
 visit a patient in the country. Colonel Collett Leventhorpe, of 
 the 11th, without suspecting the presence of the enemy, ques- 
 tioned the Doctor rather closely, when, to the surprise of all, he 
 confessed that four or five thousand Federals were in the vicinity, 
 and a much larger force a few miles from town. 
 
 Upon this information, Col. Leventhorpe ordered a halt, to 
 consult Gen. Pettigrew ; and the latter continued the halt till 
 Gen. Lee should be heard from. Meanwhile a strong body of 
 cavalry began to hang about the brigade, and when two hours 
 later it was ordered back to camp, the movement was not effected 
 without considerable risk ; the 11th regiment being compelled to 
 form line of battle in the rear no less than four times. 
 
 FIRST day's fighting. 
 
 To ascertain the strength of the Federal force in his front, Gen, 
 Hill on the following morning (July 1st) threw forward the 
 whole of Heth's division, Archer's brigade sweeping the right, 
 and Davis' the left of the turnpike, with Pettigrew and Brocken- 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 83 
 
 borough supporting. Gen. Archer, having encountered the ene- 
 my's cavalry pickets, drove them in so rapidly that he fell into an 
 ambuscade of Reynolds' infantry, and in the confusion which en- 
 sued, was captured, with his staff, and several hundreds of his 
 men. Pettigrew's men opportunely coming up checked the rout 
 and restored the lines. 
 
 A new disposition was now made. Pettigrew's brigade rested 
 with its left on the right of the turnpike, Brockenborough's next 
 to the right, and the survivors of Archer's on the extreme right. 
 On the left of the turnpike Davis was instructed to form connec- 
 tions with the right of Ewell's corps, which having arrived on the 
 northwest of town from Carlisle, was ready to take part in the 
 assault. The enemy's position in front of Heth was an excellent 
 one. Drawn up along the slope of a rolling ridge, wooded at the 
 crest, and planted with grain, breast high, which impeded both, 
 the aim, and advance of our troops, were three lines of Federals,, 
 encouraged by the immediate presence of their Major General. . 
 As our men approached the hill, a severe artillery fire depleted, 
 their ranks ; but nothing could stop them till the three lines 
 were driven into one, and that one behind fences and other de-- 
 fences. For half an hour the fight wavered over a space of a few 
 yards, backwards and forwards, when suddenly the Federals 
 broke in confusion, leaving their dead General, (Reynolds), and 
 a large number of slain, and prisoners. In this fierce struggle, 
 though Virginians, Tennesseans, Georgians and North Carolin- 
 ians fought side by side, the meed of praise fell, by common con- 
 sent, upon the latter, whose losses attest the obstinacy of their 
 valor. Figures alone might sadly, but faithfully, tell the tale ; 
 as, for instance, the 26th N. C. regiment lost 549 out of 800 men, 
 and the 11th N. C, 250 out of 550, including its noble Colonel,, 
 afterwards Gen. Leventhorpe. 
 
 The enemy, having fallen back to the suburbs of the city, was 
 now vigorously attacked by Ewell, and Pender, of Hill's corps, 
 (embracing the North Carolina brigades of Scales and Lane) with 
 Anderson supporting. Simultaneously the lines were broken at 
 all points and the panic stricken Federals, with yells of terror, 
 fled through the streets of Gettysburg in wild disorder. The 
 rush of innumerable feet, the ceaseless crack of the rifle, 
 the shouts of the pursuers, the shrill screams of women. 
 
84 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAR 
 
 witliin the houses, accompanied with the Wagnerian sym- 
 phony of artillery booming from Seminary Ridge constituted 
 one of the most exciting and remarkable episodes of the war. 
 Five thousand prisoners, and the same number of killed and dis- 
 abled, were among the fruits of the victory ; and the veterans of 
 Ewell and Hill uniting in the public square congratulated them- 
 selves upon the new name added to the banners. 
 
 Although but 5J P. M., Gen. Lee, who had now come up, de- 
 cided not to continue the pursuit, as the enemy had taken posi- 
 tion on an high ridge about a mile eastward of town, and was be. 
 lieved to be receiving reinforcements. As a fact, we know from 
 Northern sources, that Gen. Hancock, sent by Meade to take 
 .charge of operations at Gettysburg, met the runaways on the 
 Ibrow of the ridge, and cheering them by assurances of speedy 
 •support, posted them in a strong position, behind a succession of 
 stone fences, with artillery commanding all the approaches. 
 
 Whether Lee erred, as is generally charged, in failing to ad- 
 vance upon the Heights, I am not prepared to say ; though it is 
 likely he followed the course of a prudent General. Before he 
 could extricate his wearied troops from the city, and arrange them 
 <for a vigorous assault, "night and Blucher" must have been at 
 hand to resist him ; reinforcements having reached Hancock 
 about sunset. During the night. Meade, with above eighty 
 thousand men, came up, and were posted along the crest, 
 
 THE FEDER.\L POSITION. 
 
 In a beautiful valley, a little more than a mile in width, open- 
 ing towards the southeast, lies the quaint old town of Gettysburg. 
 On the west, the valley is bounded by a range of sloping hills to 
 ■which the name of "Seminary Ridge" has been given because a 
 Female Seminary occupies its most conspicuous point. Over 
 this ridge two roads pass into Gettysburg : the Carlisle road, upon 
 wdiich Ewell came, as before stated, and the turnpike from 
 Chambersburg, whereon A. P. Hill routed Reynolds' advance 
 vcorps. After passing through town the traveller on this turn- 
 pike finds himself ascending the rather steep slope of the eastern 
 wall of the valley, which is considerably higher than Seminary 
 Hidge, Rud commands it fully. Gaining the crest, along which 
 the turnpike continues for more than a mile, he perceives that 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 85 
 
 the ridge is shaped like a big fish-hook, or an horse shoe with 
 part of one side broken off. It is three miles long, and, above the 
 town, curves around towards the north forming the bend of the 
 horse shoe or hook. Different portions of the ridge, are, now des- 
 ignated by special names: the northeast end, or barb of the hook 
 being called Culps Hill ; the curve, or bend, called "Cemetery- 
 Hill ;" and a couple of small knobs or peaks, arising like pyra- 
 mids from the level of the ridge, near the stem of the hook, called 
 '•Round Top," and "Little Round Top." The Federal army lay 
 behind stone fences, and earthworks, along the whole crest from 
 Culps Hill to Round Top. Upon the high backbone of the ridge 
 behind the infantry were nearly 300 guns, with an equal number 
 in reserve. As this position could not be flanked, its great 
 strength will be apparent even to non-military readers. By noon 
 of July 2d, Meade had more thati one hundred thousand men 
 concentrated for its defence. The Southern commander-in-chief, 
 from the lofty tower of the college, must have seen the hourly 
 thickening fringe of bayonets upon the crown of Cemetery Ridge- 
 but, although it is known with certainty, that he had less than 
 half the strength of his adversary, his great confidence in the 
 prowess of his ragged followers, must have blinded him to the in- 
 equality of the contest. Besides he must either fight or retire, as 
 there was little or no provision or' forage in the mountainous re- 
 gion immediately in his rear. 
 
 SECOND day's riGHTINa. 
 
 The plan of attack comprised a demonstration by Ewell, on the 
 enemy's extreme right at Culp's Hill, to call off all extra troops 
 to that quarter. Then on our right, Longstreet, with two divis- 
 ions, supported by Pender and Anderson, should charge upon 
 Round Top, which, if taken, would command not only the whole 
 ridge, but Meade's sole line of retreat. Unfortunatelv Gen. Lee 
 did not know that his antagonist had men enough to form double 
 lines of reserves at both the menaced points. 
 
 The battle opened about 2 P. M. with a grand charge by Hood 
 and McLaws, at whose head rode Longstreet, waving his hat, and 
 cheering on his men. Upon the slope of Round Top, the crack 
 corps of Dan Sickles' was drawn up in three lines ; and for a time 
 
86 OUL LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 they fouglit desperately. But, like a wave of steel, the brave 
 Texans, Mississippiaiis, and South Carolinians rolled up the as- 
 cent, sending Sickles to the rear with one leg oft, and causing the 
 majority of his men to seek the same quarter, carrying off two 
 legs. Yelling triumphantly, our men clambered towards the 
 summit of the mountain, but only to encounter rank upon rank 
 of fresh troops hurried forward by the Federal commander, who 
 now saw his danger. All the guns that could be brought to bear, 
 were trained upon the flanks of one column, sweeping away many 
 hundreds of the bravest of Southern blood. 
 
 At this juncture, the hopes of the spectators on Seminary Ridge 
 were quickened by the spectacle of Anderson's Georgians and 
 Alabamians swarming up the rugged sides of Little Round Top, 
 to the -left of Longstreet. For a moment the starry cross was 
 seen floating on the summit, and all knew that if this key to 
 Meade's position could be held, the day was ours. Alas ! Han- 
 cock sends forward brigade after brigade, whose successive vol- 
 leys make the little mountain quake, and so envelope it in smoke 
 the struggle is hidden from view. But the cloud gradually sinks 
 lower and lower on the slope, indicating the sullen withdrawal 
 of our thinned ranks. As night settled o'er the bloody scene, it 
 is apparent the assault has failed, though we still hold ground 
 wrested from the foe. 
 
 What had EwcU accomplished ? From some reason his demon- 
 stration, instead of drawing off troops from in front of Longstreet, 
 was delayed till late in the afternoon, when Longstreet's move- 
 ments had weakened the lines in his own front, to some extent. 
 I do not state this as a reflleetion on Ewell, for Gen. Lee, who was 
 aware of the delay, does not censure it; but merely give it as the 
 fact. 
 
 Again, comparing the ridge to a fish hook, let us say that 
 Early's division assailed the bend or curve of the hook, and John- 
 son charged upon the point or barb. Early's men dashed strai^^ht 
 up the hill and planted their banners upon the Federal breast- 
 works with shouts of victory. But the narrowness of the apex 
 made it easy to concentrate troops behind any threatened point, 
 and our men were soon thrust off the ridge. Johnson had better 
 luck, driving back the . force in his front, and penetrating into 
 the woods to the rear of the Federal works, where he lay upon 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 87 
 
 his arms throughout the night. The lodgement thus effected 
 appears not to have been duly appreciated by Gen. Lee, as he 
 made no effort to strengthen Johnson in his position, and b}'- 9 
 A. M. of the succeeding day, Meade regained all the ground he 
 had lost in that quarter. Upon the whole, the results of the 
 day's fighting could neither be called discouraging, nor very 
 favorable. " These partial advantages, says Lee, in his official 
 report, alluding to Ewell's and Longstreet's slight gains, " deter- 
 mined me to continue the attack next day." 
 
 Pickett's division comes to the front. 
 
 The division of Gen. Geo. E. Pickett, having been left at Cham- 
 bersburg to destroy the railroad shops, track, &c., started for Get- 
 tysburg on the morning of July 2d. As the head of column took 
 the Baltimore turnpike, loud shouts shook the air, and ever}' face 
 beamed satisfaction. Thirty miles under a vertical July sun is 
 not conducive to enthusiasm in a pedestrian, yet I never knew 
 more spirit and elan among the men. The idea of " going ahead " 
 was exhilirating. 
 
 At Cashtown, 8 miles of Gettysburg, a sullen booming in the 
 air, aroused conjecture, and to the surprise of all, a quartermaster 
 coming from the front, exclaimed — " Been fighting for two days 
 — driving the Yankees all the time — got 6,000 prisoners already 
 — hurrah for Lee !" And to be sure we did hurrah for the old 
 chieftain. In confirmation of the good news, soon came the 
 .splendidly caparisoned black charger of Gen. Reynolds ; and 
 in a field by the road side were apparently acres of blue coat pris- 
 oners. Bivouacing some four miles from Gettysburg, we fell 
 aleep to the lullaby of deep reverberations from the battle front. 
 
 third day's fighting. 
 
 While the round red sun was yet balancing atop the moun- 
 tains towards the east, Pickett had his 5,400 Virginians along the 
 west slope of Seminary Hidge, confronting the Federal left-centre. 
 
 Gen. Lee's plans for the third day's operations were based on 
 the supposition that the enemy, in anticipation of the old Jack- 
 sonian flank movement, would gather the bulk of his troops upon 
 one or both wings, leaving the centre as his weakest point 
 
88 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 Here again Lee underestimated Meade's strength, (be was able 
 to form triple lines at all points,) and overestimated the capacity 
 of his own troops, whose valor might carry them to death, but 
 not always to victory. 
 
 It was decided that after a preliminary cannonade by all the 
 batteries of the centre and right wing of the army, a direct assault 
 upon Cemetery Hill should be made by Pickett's division, sec- 
 onded by Heth's, under Pettigrew, and with the co-operation of 
 Pender's, under Trimble. 
 
 In accordance with this plan, 140 pieces were planted on Sem- 
 inary Kidge, while the assaulting column formed along the slope 
 in rear of them, out of view of the enemy. Of Pickett's division, 
 Garnett's brigade held the i ight, Kemper's the left, and Armistead 
 followed in support of both. Pettigrew's division was in single 
 line of four brigades, Archer's, Pettigrew's under Marshal, Brock- 
 enborough's and Davis' in the order given. Scales' and Lane's bri- 
 gades, of Pender's division, joined Davis on the left. 
 
 I will here remark that originally Pettigrew was instructed to 
 support Pickett, but subsequently the order was changed to co-ope- 
 rate with him ; the movement to be en echelon. That is, Pickett 
 should move first; when he was fairly started, Pettigrew start on 
 his left; and when Pettigrew got under way, Pender start on his 
 left. Thus, when Pickett struck the Federal works, Pettigrew 
 would be within gunshot on the left, threatening that part of the 
 line, so that there could be no massing of troops against any one 
 column. 
 
 heaven's artillery counterfeited. 
 
 Come with me, reader, to this scene of terrible strife. The sun 
 is at meridian ; the more careless of the two armies have opened 
 their greasy haversacks, and are making their frugal dinner. 
 Others are lying on their backs, in desultory chit-chat, or deep in 
 thought. All is peaceful, idle, lazy looking and rather sleepy — 
 as if it were a July noon-hour siesta in the harvest field. It i§ 
 the harvest-field of death ! 
 
 Ah I a sudden movement among the artillerymen as its one 
 armed chief gallops down the line. The ball is about to open I 
 " Lie down, men /" — shouts the Colonel ; and one after another the 
 Captains repeat " Lie down." 
 
OUR LIVING AND OLR DEAD. 89 
 
 The cannoneers open their ammunition chests; the caison 
 drivers crouch in shallow trenches they have scooped out for 
 their protection during the row. Suspense for 20 seconds. Boom !- 
 rt'?--BANG ! ! — a thundering explosion on the right of the line ! 
 The sound startles us, though we have been expecting it ; just as 
 we shrink from the crack of thunder which a previous flash has 
 foretold. Then a crash of unearthly peals ! As the solitary hunts- 
 man's shot among the Al[)s brings down a mighty avalanche 
 from the overhanging glaziers, so this signal gun echoing, like 
 Heaven's thunder along the ridge, awakes an awful hurricane of 
 fire and smoke, and hurtling death-strokes, accompanied by 
 hideous scrfcpching and ear-deafening reveiberations,such as never 
 before were heard on this continent ! It is an artillery duello of 
 250 cannons at short range, throwing 500 shells per minute and 
 each shell bursting into myriad fragments with its own special 
 scream and explosion ! Not as a figure of rhetoric, but as a per- 
 ce})tible fact, the earth cjuivered under the incessant concussion. 
 Nor is the sensation of sound alone appalling ; the eye takes in a 
 work of destruction that well may shake the steadiest nerves. 
 
 IN'CIDENTS. 
 
 Reclining in front of ray company, I was watching the 
 struggles of a wounded artillery horse, when a shell whizzed over 
 my head, and struck behind me. Seeing a peculiar expression 
 upon the countenance of an officer, who was looking back, I al- 
 so -iaijced around, and saw a most shocking spectacle. The 
 heavy missile had descended six feet behind me, and jjloughed 
 thr(>'i,,i ilie bodies of ?>.!' rris and Jackson of my own company. 
 Poor iviiows ! they were devoted friends, and lay side by side on 
 their blankets : and side by side were ushered into eternity! 
 While assisting in removing the mangled remains, Lieut. Char- 
 lie D left his sword and haversack where he l^ad been lying^ 
 
 A shell burst upon the .'-pot, tearing those articles into shreds — 
 a narrow escape for their owner. 
 
 This was within tlu' first ten minutes. Presently the air 
 seemed full of flying lead and iron ; and it was not entirely fancy 
 for the field was covered with fragments of metal after the battle. 
 
90 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 Fortunately the Federal gunners began to aim higher, supposing 
 the woods in our rear to be full of troops, and sending most of 
 their missiles screaming beyond us. 
 
 SKIRMISHERS TO THE FRONT. 
 
 It is about 1 P. M. All over the South the farmers are coming 
 in from the harvest fields in obedience to the long-drawn tooting 
 of "old Aunt Dinah's" dinner-horn, and mothers as they place the 
 'vacant chairs' around the well-worn table are wondering how 
 long 'twill be ore 'the boys' come back from that far away trip to 
 the north-ward. How strange the contrast from these quiet 
 Southern home-scenes to that, now enacting in this Pennsylvania 
 valley, and wherein 'the boys' are about to participate! The 
 cannonading has ceased. "Let us stop to see what the Ptebels 
 are up to" — says the Federal chief of artillery. "We have si- 
 lenced the enemy — he is perfectly demoralized" — says our own 
 chief The duello has lasted nearly two hours, and our gunners 
 have not a shot to divert the attention of Meade's batteries while 
 we are advancing — a sad mishap ! 
 
 Riding coolly down the lines, now, comes Gen. Pickett, well 
 mounted, rather dandyish in his ruffles and curls, but ready to 
 ride to the death if need be. He pauses at the head of our bri- 
 gade. "Have you any further instructions?" asks Garnett puf- 
 fing at his cigar with splendid unconcern. "No, Dick, I don't 
 recollect anything else" — says Pickett — "unless it be to advise 
 you to make the best kind of time in crossing the valley ; its a 
 // — / of on ugly lookwg jilace over yonder y As they converse, Col. 
 Hunton orders my company to deploy as skirmisders — advance 
 and drive in the enemy's sharpshooters — pull down a couple of 
 cross-fences that would obstruct the charge of the division — and 
 await further instructions. 'So we are to have the honor of pilot- 
 ing the corps into that "h — 1 of an ugly place" ' — I reflect, as we 
 move forward over the brow of the hill, and I am not sure the 
 glory repays the risk ; though it is better to be in motion, even 
 under fire, than lying in suspense. Passing between the smok- 
 ing cannon, that should now, of all times, be bellowing fiercely, 
 we are cheered by the powder-grimed cannoniers, who have 
 mounted their pieces to witness the fight. 
 
OXm LIVING AND OLR DEAD. 91 
 
 Measuring by the eye, from the crest of the ridge to the Fede- 
 ral works on the opposite slope, one would estimate at a little ov- 
 er a mile, descending swiftly over the Emmettsburg road near 
 the eastern side of the valley ; then ascending somewhat steeply 
 towards the summit of Cemetery Ridge with its crown of earth- 
 works, surmounted by scores of flags, telling of the masses gath- 
 ered under them. Just beyond the sunken road is an unfinished 
 brick house, with one or two outhouses, which are the onl}-- ob- 
 strnctions of the view or the range between the lines. I have but 
 a moment to glance at the scene ere we are hotly engaged with 
 the Federal sharpshooters ; firing on Paddy's rule in a "skrim- 
 age" — "Whinever ye see a head, hit for it." Soon we reach the 
 last fence, and pull it down, throwing the rails in piles, and ly- 
 ing in the tall grass behind them to await the advance of the 
 main column. More than one of us has already been 'phlebotom- 
 ized' by the Federt 1 bullets. 
 
 Pickett's advance. 
 
 Presently behind the hill a stentorian voice is heard giving tlie 
 command — "Forward ! — Guide- on-the-Right — MARCH !" Gen. 
 Pickett appears on the crest among the artillery and sends his 
 brother, Charlie, to bid us keep about 120 yards in advance of 
 the division. Now we hear the murmur and jingle of a large 
 corps in motion. Colonels on horseback ride slowly over the 
 brow of the ridge ; followed by a glittering forest of bright bayo- 
 nets. The whole column is now within sight, coming down the 
 slope with steady step and superb alignment. The rustle of 
 thousands of feet amid the stubble stirs a cloud of dust, like the 
 dash of spray at the prow of a vessel. The flags flutter and snap 
 — the sunlight flashes from the officer's swords — low words of 
 command are heard— and thus in perfect order, this gallant ar- 
 ray of gallant m<n marches straight down into the valley of 
 Death ! Two armies, for a moment, look on, apparently spell- 
 bound ; then the spell is broken by the crash of one hundred 
 guns trained upon the advancing troops. Shot, sliell, spherical 
 case, shrapnel and cannister — thousands of deadly missiles racing 
 through the air to thin our ranks ! A bomb explodes in 
 front of a regiment — three men fall lifeless, — five men limp, 
 
92 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 moaning, to the rear — "Close up men !" — the gap disappears and 
 there is no faUer in the line. Two or three men drop out of dif- 
 ferent companies — "killed by sharpshooters" — "Close up men !'' 
 An ofiicer's head is blown off by a round shot— the men step over 
 his body — "Close up !" — "Not too fast on the left" — "Major take 
 command, Colonel is down"— on moves the devoted column into 
 the jaws of Destruction ! Lee, standing with Longstreet, and a 
 group of staff officers, on Seminary Ridge, watching this last at- 
 tempt to break the enemy's lines, must have felt a throb of the 
 heart at each peal of the ravaging artiller}-. 
 
 PETTIGREW AND PENDER. 
 
 As has been stated the divisions of Pickett, Pettigrew and Pen- 
 der were to move successively, en echelon, not following each other 
 as has been generally understood. When I first noticed Petti- 
 grew's column, it was emerging from the skirt of timber on the 
 brow of the ridge about 800 yards to our left and rear. So great 
 an interval was due, I suppose to the fact that Gen. Pettigrew, 
 and most of his brigadiers were new in their positions, having 
 been called to the command by casualities of the previous days; 
 hence did not get in motion so promptly as usual. In advancing 
 these troops encountered the same storm of mangling missiles, 
 including a rapid enfilading fire from the apex of Cemetery Hill, 
 that fairly melted away the two left brigades of the division be- 
 fore it reached the sunken road. Pettigrew's old brigade, under 
 the noble Marshall, and the remnants of Archer's, however, came 
 on with springing steps, not far behind the left of Pickett's line. 
 
 Here it may be mentioned that a conflict of orders occasioned 
 considerable interval between the divisions. In the morning or- 
 ders were given to "dress to the left" — the meaning of whicli will 
 be understood by all old soldiers. Afterwards Pickett's men were 
 instructed to ''dress to the right;" and as the others vvent to the left 
 the interval grew larger as the columns advanced. This change of 
 direction, probably, gave rise to the common statement that Heth 
 failed to "follow and support" Pickett. 
 
 THE SIMOON OF DEATH. 
 
 When half the valley had been traversed by the leading col- 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAR 93 
 
 umn, there came such a storm of grape and canister as seemed to 
 take away the breath, causing whole regiments to stoop like men 
 running in a violent sleet. Shower upon shower of the fatal shot 
 rattle through the ranks, or scream through the air overhead 
 till one wonders that a single human being can escape. But 
 there is no pause, scarcely a waver ; on, on, on I Within six hun- 
 dred yards of the Yankee breastworks! The "grid-iron" flag- 
 waves every fifty paces, but not a blue coat is seen, save the gun- 
 ners plying their pieces. Five hundred yards of the works ! 
 Four hundred ! No sign of the foe. Three hundred ! Can he 
 have fled ? Two hundred ! — (passing the sunken road) and, with 
 a shout we start to run up the slope. Lo ! from behind the 
 breastworks on the crest arises a dense rank of blue coats, whose 
 polished musket barrels are seen to glitter for an instant. Then 
 bursts forth a puff, a blinding, withering, wasting blaze, a long- 
 sheet of lightning, as if from the summit of the hill had suddenly 
 sprung a vomiting volcano of deadly gases I Think of more than 
 twenty thousand muskets hurling their fatal contents in a single 
 volley ! Think of the havoc such a volley must make in the 
 compact columns swarming- up the ascent! At 40 paces it was 
 almost impossible for the poorest of the Yankee marksmen to 
 avoid hitting some one of the advancing throng. It were strange 
 indeed that any of the latter escaped unscathed. All around me 
 ■were men weltering in their, life-tlood, some on their faces, some 
 on their backs, some writhing and moaning, others still foreyer I 
 Half the flags of the division fell with the first fire, but quickly 
 they were raised by the survivors and borne for-ward. At twenty 
 paces from the works, those who had not fired their muskets in 
 the confusion of the first volley, poured a fusillade upon the Yan- 
 kees with so much effect that I thought the day was ours, as 
 whole companies ran back towards the upper line. At this junc- 
 ture Gen. Garnett was riddled with bullets ; Kemper carried off 
 -with a shattered leg ; Pickett wounded ; all the field and staff" 
 officers killed or disabled ; and more than two-thirds of the men 
 liors du combat. I felt stunned, dazed, bewildered, but picked up 
 a musket and fired repeatedly. All the foregoing had occupied 
 less than five minutes. Armistead's brigade now swept up to the 
 works, and the General, at their head, waving his hat, attempted 
 to jump upon the w^orks, but fell dead in the ditch. His men, 
 
94 OVR LIVL\G AND OLR DEAD. 
 
 with some of my regiment, clambered atop tlie breastworks, and 
 seemed to have possession of them. At this a long line of bayo- 
 nets rushed down from the rear of the artillery and everything 
 went to i^ieces. Sauve qui pmt f — and be quick about it! 
 
 To retreat was nearly as dangerous as to advance, and scores 
 of men threw themselves behind some piles of stone in front of 
 the works, and held up their hands in token of surrender. Lib- 
 erty looked too sweet to lose without an effort, and I started back 
 but halted in the road to see the result of Pettigrew's assault upon 
 the left. 
 
 A, portion of the division, as has been stated, did not go farther 
 than the road, being terribly cut up and scattered by a severe 
 flanking fire. Judging by a momentary glance, about one thou- 
 sand or twelve hundred North Carolinians and Tennesseeans 
 swept over the road, and up to the enemy's works. At their head 
 was the noble Marshall, acting Brigadier of Pettigrew's brigade, 
 who fell within a few feet of the Yankee bayonets, and was buried 
 by them. His horse was ridden off by a Tennesseean, showing 
 how the two States were mixed in the fray. Thinking the North 
 Carolinians had secured a lodgement on the crest, I picked up a 
 musket and started to move towards the left. But on firing the 
 gun (which probably had three charges rammed down one upon 
 the other, as was common in the excitement of battle) it kicked 
 so violently as to nearly cause me to turn a summersault. AVhen 
 I recovered myself the enemy was pouring a terrible voile}' into 
 the retreating Confederates, and all was over. Farther to the 
 left Lane's and Scale's brigades of North Carolinians Avere strug- 
 gling for the heights, but their movements were not discernible 
 from the point I occupied. 
 
 Wilcox's brigade, I neglected to state, was to follow Pickett on 
 his right to prevent a flank attack, and it now came to the road 
 a little to my right, exchanging several volleys with the enemy. 
 This demonstration was mainly useful in allowing time for the 
 fragments of the two attacking divisions, with many of their 
 slightly w unded to get out of range of the Federal sharpshooters. 
 With the same object in view, a number of us, officers and men 
 together, paused in a gulley on the north of the road, and pep- 
 pered every Yankee who dared show his head over the works. 
 During this time I saw a man, lying behind a pile of stone within 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAR 95 
 
 fifteen feet of the works, tear a flag from its pole and conceal it 
 ill his breast. The enemy, imagining there were a good many 
 of us in the ditch, threw out a regiment to take us in flank. At 
 this I started for our lines, amid a shower. Of those who started 
 with me none escaped, though one or two threw themselves in 
 the grass, I think, to avoid the severe fire. 
 
 "uncle ROBERT." 
 
 Almost broken down by fatigue and relaxation from the in- 
 tense excitement of the battle, I was dragging myself over the 
 brow of Seminary Ridge, when I noticed a solitary horseman sur- 
 veying tiie field, and on nearer approach, recognised our beloved 
 Commander-in-Chief. His bridle rein was carelessly upon his 
 horses' neck, and in the whole attitude of the trim soldierly figure 
 was an air of sadness, weariness, regretfulness, akin to depression, 
 such as I had never known in him before. It was easy to believe 
 he was thinking more, at that moment, of the loss of brave men, 
 than of the defeat, and the danger, then staring him in the face, 
 of a Federal counter-charge upon the 140 pieces of artillery, all 
 unprotected as it were. 
 
 Giving the military salute, I was passing to the rear, when to 
 my surprise, he accosted me, asking, in a compassionate tone, 
 " Are you wounded ?" " No, General — only a little fatigued ; but 
 I am afraid there are but few so lucky as myself." " Ah ! yes, — 
 I am very sorry — the task was too great for you — but we mus'nt 
 despond — another time we shall succeed. Are you one of Pickett's 
 men !" " Yes, sir." " Well, you had better go back and rest 
 yourself. Capt. Linthicum will tell you the rendezvous for your 
 brigade." 
 
 At this moment an ofticer galloped up and reported that some 
 division (I have forgotten the name) was coming into line in the 
 ravine behind the ridge. " It is well," said Lee, gathering up 
 the reins, " those people over yonder seem to bo advancing, and 
 I was becoming a little anxious." In fact, the enemy's skirmish- 
 ers were already south of the Emmettsburg road, within musket 
 shot of the artillery. 
 
 Suppose that during the hour succeeding the annihilation of 
 Pickett and Pettigrew, Meade had advanced even a single divis- 
 ion against our shattered right wing ? The consequences must 
 
9G OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 ])ave been fearful, even if the assault were ultimately repulsed. 
 But he had been too roughly handled to venture upon the offen- 
 sive, and ere sunset, all was in order again along the lines. 
 
 I found Capt. Linthicum, our soldier-parson, standing by a 
 wounded horse, with his head against the animal's mane, weep- 
 ing silently for his slain friend, whose blood still stained the sad- 
 dle — Gen. Richard S. Garnett, a cavalier sans pner, sans rcproclic. 
 At the wagon camp, on the following morning the remnants of 
 the division were flrawn up to act as the escort of 4000 prisoners, 
 and then it was seen that less than 800 of the 5600 who went in- 
 to the battle were able for duty. Two Generals, killed, two woun- 
 ded ; twenty field officers killed or disabled ; and /our men out of 
 every five killed, wounded or captured, constituted the losses of the 
 division ! Of my own regiment 20 men, out of 209, survived the 
 march across the dark valley. 
 
 The precise loss of Pettigrew's division I am not able to give, 
 though it must have been very heavy. His brigade in the three 
 days fighting, was cut down from near 3,000 to less than 1,000 — 
 a loss oitwo men out of every three! Gen. Heth, with several of 
 his Colonels were wounded the first day ; and Col. Harry Bur- 
 gwin was slain. 
 
 Gen. Pender, Trimble, Scales, Hood and Anderson, were, also, 
 on the list of wounded — the first named, mortally. Of this brave 
 soldier, Gen. Lee, in his official report pauses to express the high- 
 est encomiums. Respecting the four slain Generals, Garnett, 
 Armistead, Semmes, and Barksdale, the same report thus speaks: 
 "These brave officers and patriotic gentlemen fell in the faithful 
 discharge of duty leaving the army to mourn their loss and sim- 
 ulate their noble example." 
 
 THE UN-TITLED DEAD. 
 
 Of the humble rank and file, whose names are un^aiown, 
 though their deeds have emblazoned the fame of their States as 
 proudly in defeat, as if victorious, Lee may w^ell say — "The con- 
 "duct of the troops was all that I coidd desire or expect, and they 
 "deserved success by heroic valor and fortitude. More may have 
 "been expected of them than they were able to perform ; but my 
 "admiration of their noble qualities and confidence in their abil- 
 
OhR LIVING AND OXjR DEAD. 97 
 
 ''ity to cope successfully with the enemy has suffered no abate- 
 ''ment." 
 
 In conclusion, I shall add no florid comments to this 'plain, 
 unvarnished tale' of Southern patriots battling for freedom ; but 
 will merely remark that those who may have inadvertently giv- 
 en credence to statements disparaging the troops of any State in 
 the mighty struggle at Gettysburg, should note the language of 
 the illustrious eye-witness, above quoted, and remember, too, that 
 the dead of four Southern States lay side by side on the crest of 
 Cemetery Hill. 
 
 OlARY OF A YorWO LADY.— 1§63. 
 
 January 1st. — The following official dispatch from Gen. Bragg 
 gives us further particulars of the Murh-eesboro fight in Tennes- 
 see : "The enemy has yielded his strong point and is falling 
 back. We occupy the whole field and shall follow him. Gen. 
 Wheeler with his cavalry made the complete circuit of their ar- 
 my on the 30th and 31st. He is again behind them, and cap- 
 tured their ordnance train to-day. God has granted us a Happy 
 New Year." 
 
 January 2. — Another dispatch from Gen. Bragg : "The enemy 
 retired last night but a short distance in the rear of their former 
 position. We had a sharp and short contest this evening. We 
 drove his left flank from its position, but our attacking party 
 again retired with considerable loss to both sides. Wheeler and 
 Wharton were again in their rear yesterday and captured 200 
 prisoners, one piece of artillery, and destroyed 200 loaded 
 wagons.'' 
 
 The enemy finding all his efforts unavailing to make any in- 
 roads on the position of the Confederates at Vicksburg, have em- 
 barked leaving considerable quantities of entrenching tools, and 
 other property, and apparently has relinquished his designs on 
 Vicksburg. Lieut. Gen. Pemberton is in command of the Con- 
 federates at that point. 
 
98 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 January 4. — President Davis arrives in Richmond in good 
 health and fine spirits after his Southwestern tour. 
 
 January 5. — An oflicial dispatch dated from Chattanooga in- 
 forms us that our army has retired from Murfreeeboro in perfect 
 order. All the stores saved. 
 
 January 12. — Confederate States Congress assembles at Rich- 
 mond. 
 
 January 19. — The Legislature of North Carolina assembles at 
 Raleigh. 
 
 January 30. — The gunboats Chicory and Palmetto State, C. S. 
 Navy, under command of Flag-officer D. N. Ingraham, leave 
 Charleston harbor, attack the blockaders, destroy three and scatter 
 the others to the winds of heaven. 
 
 March 3. — An attack made on Fort McAllister, below^ Savan- 
 nah. The gunboats succeeded in dismounting one columbiad , 
 vv^hich was without difficulty restored to its position. No inju- 
 ry done to the fort and the boats retire. 
 
 March 5. — The enemy attack Gen. Van Dorn at Thompson's 
 Station, between Columbus and Frankli]), Tennessee. They were 
 handsomely driven back, and five regiments of infantry, and 
 2,200 officers and men captured. 
 
 March 17. — A slight skirmish on the Rappahannock, between 
 our forces under Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, and the enemy under Gen. 
 Stoneman. The Confederate forces succeeded in driving the en- 
 emy back, with small loss on our side. 
 
 March 14. — An engagement in Eastern North Carolina between 
 our forces under Gen. Hill and the enemy. The Confederates 
 made the attack and afterwards retired. The object of the expe- 
 dition not yet disclosed. The loss on both sides was small. 
 
 April 7 — The attack commenced at Charleston. Seven moni- 
 tors and the frigate Ironsides crossed the bar and steamed in to- 
 wards Fort Sumter. At three in the afternoon they opened fire , 
 and were replied to by the batteries at Sullivan's Island, Sumter, 
 Moultrie and Morris' Island. The fire was, after a while, concentrated 
 on Fort Sumter, The Keokuk and Ironsides withdrew, appa- 
 rently disabled. The firing ceased, and there was no renewal of 
 the attack. The Keokuk was certainly sunk off the beach at 
 Morris' Island. Fort Sumter is uninjured. Gen. Beauregard 
 in command of the Confederatea. 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 99 
 
 ■ April 13. — The following is an official dispatch sent by General 
 Bragg to the War Department : " General Wheeler's report from 
 Lebannon is as follows : ' I divided my command into two par- 
 ties and made a raid upon the Louisville and Nashville, and 
 Nashville and Murfreesboro Railroads, capturing a large train ou 
 each, and many officers and men.' " Portions of Wharton's and 
 Morgan's Cavalr}^ Divisions composed his command. 
 
 Ajyril 12. — A fight occurred at Franklin, Tenn. General Van 
 Dorn attacked the enemy with 1000 Cavalry and Freeman's bat- 
 tery. The Federals retreated, but advanced again with iieavy 
 re-inforcements. A bloody fight ensued. Freeman's battery was 
 captured. Our loss is heavy. We retreated from the place after 
 six hours hard fighting. Later accounts represent the re-capture 
 of our artillery. 
 
 Ajjril 28. — A slight skirmish, scarcely worth recording, nine 
 miles below Kinston, N. C , at Gum Swamp. The fight lasted 
 about two hours, when our forces were overpowered and obliged, 
 to retire. We had sever-^l killed and wounded. 
 
 April 29. — Six gunboats, averaging ten guns each, opened a ter-- 
 rific fire upon two batteries at Grand Gulf at 7 A. M., and con- 
 tinued without intermission for six hours and a half, when they 
 withdrew. Grand Gulf is in Mississippi, within a few miles- 
 of Jackson. 
 
 3Iay 1. — Congress adjourns sine die. Forrest repulsed the enemy 
 with considerable loss yesterday at Danville, fifteen miles from 
 Decatur, and is still pursuing. Forrest meets the Yankees a 
 at Moulton and repulses them after a hand-to-hand fight. The 
 enemy is in full retreat, and Forrest is pursuing. 
 
 May 2. — A terrible battle commenced on the Rappahannock. 
 Gen. Jackson penetrates to the rear of the enemy, and drives him 
 from his position from the Wilderness to within one mile of 
 Chancellorsville. He was engaged at the same time in front by 
 two of A. P. Hill's divisions. 
 
 31ay 3. — This morning the battle w^as renewed. The enemy 
 was dislodged from all of his positions around Chancellorsvillej. 
 and driven back towards the Rappahannock over which he is 
 now retreating. This is one of the most terrible contests of the 
 war. Our loss is very heavy in officers and men. It was indeed. 
 
100 OLE LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 a dearly bought victory. Many noble spirits breathed their last 
 on this memorable occasion. 
 
 May 10. — We have to mourn the loss of that unflinching hero, 
 whose dauntless spirit has shed its lustre on every battle-field in 
 Virginia. The laniented Gen. T. J. Jackson, expired to-day, 
 from wounds received in the battle of Chancellorsville, combined 
 with an attack of pneumonia. This loss can never be repaired, 
 and his memory will ever be cherished with the highest marks of 
 esteem by a grateful nation. All is now quiet along the Rappa- 
 hannock, Gen. Hooker's grand army having made their escape 
 .across that river. 
 
 [From Wilnington Star, 
 
 FORT FISHER. 
 
 "Re-union of tiic Survivors of Battles at flic Moutli of tlic 
 Cai»e Fear— AVelcoming Address of Maj. Devanc and Reply 
 of Col. Lamb— Old Soldiers and Xew— Music and Entliusi- 
 asm— Greeting Old Comrades, etc. 
 
 According to pre-arranged programme, though at a somewhat 
 later hour than that published yesterday, the procession of sur- 
 vivors of the Fort Fisher fights, headed by Col Lamb, formed in 
 front of the Dawson Bank Building, and preceded by the Norfolk 
 City Guards, the Raleigh Light Infantry, the city military com- 
 panies and the Cornet Concert Club, marched down Front street 
 to Market, up Market to Third, and thence to the Opera House. 
 There were about sixty of the survivors in the line. Arriving 
 at the Opera House, seats were assigned to the Survivors in front 
 of the parquet, and to the visiting military immediately in the 
 rear. 
 
 On the stage were, besides the two orators, Hon. Messrs. George 
 Davis and A. M. Waddell, Cols. J. J. Hedrick and J. W. Atkin- 
 son, Judge French, and other gentlemen. The assemblage was 
 called to order by Col. Roger Moore, who proposed A. H. Van 
 Bokkelen, Esq., for Chairman. Mr. VanBokkelen briefly an- 
 nounced the purpose of the meeting, and introduced Maj. Duncan 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 101 
 
 J. Devane, who in an earnest and impressive speech of about fif- 
 teen minutes, welcomed the survivors of the battles of Fort Fisher 
 to the hospitalities of the city. He spoke in fitting terms of the 
 splendid valor of the men who held Fisher against overwhelming 
 odds, and who only succumbed after the most obstinate resistance 
 and after all means of opposition were useless. He said those 
 men were entitled to the gratitude of Wilmington and of North 
 Carolina. They had for years stood guard over this city and 
 State, and were almost the last garrison to fall. The resistance 
 was likened to the heroic deeds done b}' the Greeks at Ther- 
 mopylaB, and by the Romans at Phillippi in behalf of liberty. 
 Nowhere had the courage, the fortitude, the patriotism of the men 
 of Fort Fisher been surpassed. He himself had witnessed the 
 magnificent bearing of the Army of Northern Virginia. That of 
 the men who fought at Fisher was as great and heroic. In con- 
 clusion he Avould not be misunderstood. He had spoken of sub- 
 lime courage and faith in a great cause, which, though lost, was 
 still dear, but he believed that all present would concur with him 
 in pledging full fealty to the Union of the country maintained by 
 the arbitrament of arms. 
 
 Maj. Devane concluded amid cheers, which indeed had been 
 freely given during his excellent address. Immediately the Cor- 
 net Band, which was stationed in the orchestra box, struck up 
 that grand old air, " The Old North State." The beauty of the 
 rendition and the appropriateness of the music to the occasion, 
 seemed to stir up the old and new soldiers and the miscellaneous 
 audience, among whom were some ladies, to the profoundest 
 depths, and loud applause was bestowed. 
 
 Col. William Lamb, of Norfolk, Colonel of the 36th Regiment 
 of N. C. Troops, and commander of Fort Fisher, responded to the 
 welcome of Maj. Devane in the fellowing beautiful and admira- 
 ble speech, which was repeatedly applauded during its delivery : 
 
 Major Denane: — I thank you, sir, in behalf of ihe Survivors 
 of Fort Fisher, for the warm welcome you have extended to them 
 from the good people of Wilmington. It was our expectation to 
 have had a quiet social re-union, but we are not surprised at the 
 generous hospitality displayed by your citizens. It was ever thus 
 in the darkest hours of the war. Your people always welcomed 
 the Confederate soldiers to their firesides, and bestowed upon them 
 
102 OVR LIVING AND OhR DEAD. 
 
 ill abundant measure the most substantial evidences of their 
 friendship and devotion. Never can we forget the beauty and 
 the chivalr}'- of your city, the willing sacrifices of your incompar- 
 able women and the bravery and patriotism of your true men, 
 and we are rejoiced to find amid the evidences of material pro- 
 gress that greet us on every side, your increased population, com- 
 merce, manufactures and general wealth, that your beauty and 
 chivalry still remain. Peace and prosperity be thy lot, beautiful 
 metropolis of North Carolina ! 
 
 The Survivors of Fort Fisher are pleased to meet here so many 
 who shared with them, the glory, the sorrow and undying fame, 
 that cluster around the lost cause ; and I sincerely wish that some 
 gallant officer in your midst, had taken the responsibility, which 
 would have been unwarranted on my part, of calling together to 
 unite with us, all who shouldered a musket, worked a gun, or 
 drew a sword in the defence of the region of the Cape Fear. 
 
 We are glad to welcome these citizen-soldiers, coming as tliey 
 do from the battle-scarred Old Dominion and your own Old North 
 State — coming with laurel-crowned veterans in their ranks, to- 
 gether with the very flower of our Southern youth — cradled amid 
 scenes and experiences that have developed the very highest 
 qualities of the human mind, fortitude to bear suffering and 
 courage to brave peril in the cause of country — you are indeed 
 welcome to this re-union. 
 
 My comrades, the ten years that have passed since on that 
 memorable night the tidal wave of war swept over our fort and 
 stranded our hopes, have not caused us to forget our heroic strug- 
 gle together, but like a family, long separated by seas and shores, 
 come together around the old fireside with varied histories and 
 experiences, we come to-da}^ a band of brothers, looking into 
 each other's faces once more and reading there that fraternal love, 
 which springs from common dangers and common sufferings in 
 a [^cause loved and lost. Like brothers around the grave of a 
 parent, we standing here, hand within hand, heart responsive to 
 heart, there comes to every lip the spontaneous prayer, " God 
 bless us every one." 
 
 If we had the time to tell what these ten years have done for 
 us, each one would have a history of hopes and fears, of struggles 
 with the world, of victories and defeats, that would bind us in 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 103 
 
 closer sympathy, and we would learn that ofttimes the strongest 
 arm grows weak, and the bravest heart grows faint in life's arena, 
 and that sweet are the uses of that adversity which teaches us the 
 true value of friendship. Fortune has smiled on some of you, 
 loving hearts has been made yours, and happy homes brighten 
 your pathway ; unremitting toil has been the lot of some ; sorrow 
 has darkened the doorways of others. Little graves are throwing 
 their shadows on your lives, or perchance, larger ones are hiding 
 all the sunshine of life. Once more we fall into line, once more 
 we feel the touch of the elbow. Alas how thinned our ranks ! 
 how many will never answer to our roll call again ! 
 
 Comrades, there is one conspicuously missing to-day whose 
 place in our affections can never be filled, one whose brilliant 
 valor was disylayed on so many battle-fields of our struggle. 
 One who came a volunteer to our fort to share our fate. Who 
 can forget that hero who was ever in the thickest of the fra}' , 
 cheering us on in our dreadful dutj'^ of braving death ! I knew 
 and loved him as an elder brother, gifted with genius, with a 
 mind cultivated and stored in the best schools, splendid in phy- 
 sique, ardent, generous, recklessly brave, chivalrous Whiting ' 
 How truly thou didst seal thy devotion to thine adopted mother^ 
 Carolina, with thy blood upon the ramparts of Fort Fisher ! 
 
 Upon the historic shores of Confederate Point how many of 
 our bravest and noblest companions crimsoned the sand with 
 their life's blood in defending their homes from the invader ? 
 Williford, Perr}^, Latham and a host of other martyrs to South- 
 ern Independence, gave their bright young lives to the Lost 
 Cause, and we, their surviving comrades, will be as cold as death 
 can make us when our hearts cease to warm at the mention of 
 their immortal names. 
 
 Some who escaped the battle and the prison, some who were 
 bound to our hearts with hooks of steel, like Singleton and Mur- 
 phy, have passed over the mysterious river, and await the grand 
 reunion on that far distant shore. 
 
 My comrades you owe it to yourselves, it is due to your dead 
 companions, it is an obligation you should discharge to the 
 Southern people, to see that a correct account of your unsuccess- 
 ful defence of Fort Fisher, against the Federal Armada in Janu- 
 ary, 1865, be given to the world. The repulse of Butler and Por- 
 
104 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 ter, on Christmas, 1804, although misrepresented in current his- 
 tory, needs no vindication ; the disastrous failure of that first at- 
 tack, with its absurd powder ship, tells its own story. But the 
 second attack, when crippled by the previous engagement, over- 
 whelmed bv superior numbers and unassisted by friends able to 
 save, you were unable to prevent Fort Fisher from falling into 
 the hands of the enemy, has never been correctly reported. The 
 deeds of heroism displayed by North Carolinians in that fearful 
 struggle have been ignored in contemporary history, and find 
 only a slight recognition in the reports of Army and Navy Com- 
 manders, and in fugitive contributions to periodical literature, 
 when the writers are obliged to give some reasons for the im- 
 mense sacrifice of life required in the capture of our garrison. 
 
 I stand here a witness to the heroic bravery of that small body 
 of North Carolina troops, assisted by a mere handful of Confed- 
 erote sailors and marines, who after the fort was entered and its 
 citadel captured, and they might have surrendered with honor, 
 refused to submit, and withstood for hours the fierce assaults of 
 three splendid brigades of Federal soldiers led by gallant officers, 
 disputing hand to hand every inch of ground, until pushed by the 
 force of irresistible numbers to the very brink of the sea, and then 
 surrendered, their amunition expended, and all hope lost. 
 
 North Carolina need cross no ocean to search amid Roman and 
 Grecian story for examples of self-sacrifice in defence of home and 
 country, for here among her own sons, upon her own soil, the 
 valor of Pharsalia and of Thermopylae were reproduced, and no 
 correct history of this grand old State can be written, unless the 
 defence of Fort Fisher by North Carolinians in January 1865, be 
 placed among the most heroic deeds in the dreadful drama of our 
 civil war." 
 
 At the close of Col. Lamb's address the Cornet Band played 
 ''Dixie." The Survivors rose from their seats, waved their hats 
 and cheered for their old commander. 
 
 Calls were made for Hon. George Davis and Col. Waddell. 
 
 Mr. Davis moved in the interest of the Survivors, in the inter- 
 est of the State, and in the interest of truth and history that Col. 
 Lamb be requested and is expected to write the narrative of the 
 defence of the Cape Fear. This motion was promptly seconded 
 and enthusiastically carried, and the meeting was adjourned af- 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 105 
 
 ter a notice that Col. Waddell would address the Survivors and 
 other guests at the Fair Grounds. 
 
 The proce.ssion then reformed and all moved off to attend the 
 Fair. 
 
 SURVIVORS AT THE CAPE FEAR AGRICULTURAL GROUNDS. 
 
 After two days of rainy and gloomy weather the public was in 
 the right humor to welcome with thankful hearts the clear sky 
 and glorious sunshine which ushered in the third day of the 
 Fair of the Cape Fear Agricultural Association. Yesterday was 
 altogether one of the loveliest autumn days we have ever seen, 
 and by 9 o'clock its effects upon the spirits and energies of the 
 people were shown in the tremenduous crowds which thronged 
 the thoroughfares in the neighborhood of where the procession 
 of military and Fort Fisher Survivors was to form. Soon the 
 stirring strains of martial music was heard, followed by the glit- 
 tering bayonets borne by the handsomely uniformed soldiery, 
 composing our citizens and visiting military, when the proces- 
 sion was formed, including the Foit Fisher Survivors, Orators of 
 the Day, &c., and proceeded to the Opera House, where the ad- 
 dresses (alluded to elsewhere) were delivered, when the procession 
 reformed in front of the Opera House and marched to the depot. 
 Here a long train of cars was quickly crowded with military, 
 visitors and citizens, who were soon at their destination. 
 
 Arriving at the Fair Grounds, the military were formed in a 
 hollow square in front of the main hall, the Fort Fisher Sur- 
 vivors were marched through to the front, when Col. S. L. Fre- 
 mo:'t. President of the Cape Fear Agricultural Association, 
 announced from the balcony of the hall that Hon. A. M. Waddell 
 Avould address them. This he did in one of his finest efforts, 
 during which he alluded to the puny attempt made by Butler to 
 take the Fort, followed by the furious bombardment which suc- 
 ceeded it in the following .January, and which Col. Waddell heard 
 characterized in his presence b}^ a distinguished English officer 
 who was present at the siege of Sebastopol, as far exceeding that 
 in intensity ; and that, in fact, it was beyond the mind of man to 
 conceive the perils to which the handful of men who comprised 
 the garrison of Fort Fisher, were subjected. He told how those 
 brave men bore this furious assault ; how they contested the 
 
106 OUR LIVING AIvD OUR DEAD. 
 
 ground, inch by inch, with their resolute adversaries, refusing to 
 surrender when they might have done so with honor, and only 
 giving up the ground when the last lingering hope was gone. 
 He next alluded to the fraternal feeling which was gradually but 
 steadily gaining ground between those who wore the blue and 
 those who wore the gray, and concluded his magnificent address 
 with an eloquent picture of what may hereafter, and doubtless 
 wall, constitute the peaceful and friendly relations existing be- 
 tween the two. 
 
 Col. Fremont next introduced Col. Wm. Lamb, the hero of 
 Fort Fisher, who responded in a brief but eloquent and touching 
 speech. He referred to the great interest manifested in the en- 
 couragement of agriculture and manufactures by the people of 
 Wilmington, and said it reflected great credit upon them. He 
 paid a handsome tribute to the daughters of Carolina, spoke of 
 this as the Centennial period, when all should unite in reconcil- 
 ing the different sections of our common country. 
 
 He concluded his remarks as follows: 
 
 " You who live within the borders of this State have a great 
 responsibility resting on you. Nature has lavished on North 
 Carolina her gifts with a generous hand. She is an Empire within 
 herself. The full development of her vast resources would make 
 her the peer of the richest and most flourisliing Commonwealths. 
 AVhat if the war have left her people comparatively impoverished? 
 You have better things than riches to bequeath your children. 
 Virtue, fortitude, valor, religion, and what will enlarge and 
 strengthen these, a liberal education. North Carolina would be 
 recreant to her duty, did she not bestow on all her children, the 
 blessings of education and make it free to all, as the light and air 
 of heaven. Without it the commonwealth will languish and her 
 wealth remain hidden in her bosom ; with it, permeating every 
 nook and corner, where two or three little ones can be gathered 
 together, no prophet's vision can foretell the splendid future of 
 the Old North State." 
 
 His remarks were received with shouts of applause, after which 
 the band played " Dixie." 
 
OUR LIVING AND OIR DEAD. 107 
 
 HISTORY OF THE CAPE FEAE, DEFENCE. 
 
 At a business meeting of the Survivors of the Fort Fisher bat- 
 tles, it was decided to appoint a committee to work with Colonel 
 Lamb in the preparation of an official narrative of those memo- 
 rable engagements. This committee is composed of the follow- 
 ing gentlemen, and is the strongest guarantee that the contem- 
 plated history will be both accurate and interesting : Lieut. Col. 
 John D. Taylor, Capt. S. B. Hunter, Capt. C. H. Blocker, Lieut. 
 Jno. N. Kelley, Lieut. E. L. Faison, Brevet-Lieut. M. Glennan, 
 and Assistant Surgeon Bledsoe. 
 
 EDITORIAL. 
 
 From the Southern Historical Monthly. 
 
 OUR PURPOSE. 
 
 On the 4th page of cover, we publish the prospectus of the 
 Southern Historical Monthly. It has long been our wish to 
 establish such a magazine, and more than twelve months ago, we 
 should have commenced its publication, if the peculiar field we 
 desired to cultivate had been unoccupied. At that time, how- 
 ever, the Southern Historical Societ}^ was connected with an able 
 magazine, published in Baltimore, and we did not think it either 
 prudent or proper to commence an enterprise which would have 
 brought us even in seeming antagonism, or would have divided 
 the support of the Southern people. To-day no such cause for 
 hesitation exists. Our publication will have none other similar 
 in the South with which to be brought in competition, and we 
 therefore appeal with confidence to Southerners to give us an ear- 
 nest, hearty support. 
 
 It is proper that a few words be added here to those contained 
 in the Prospectus. As one of our objects is "to gather and pub- 
 lish Southern Historical materials," it is necessary that copies of 
 such material as is in the hands of individuals, societies, ike, be 
 
108 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 furnished us — that officers and privates send us authentic ac- 
 counts of battles in which they were engaged, official reports in 
 their possession, and well written memorial sketches of men of all 
 ranks whose gallantry was marked, and who died in defence of 
 the inalienable rights of freeborn Americans. 
 
 We do not purjiose to make a record — that was done by the 
 gallant men who for four long years contended with a world in 
 armsj To preserve the record that Southern statesmen, sailors and 
 soldiers made is the mission upon which we have embarked, and 
 we ask all interested in having the truth of Confederate history 
 go down to posterity to render us all the assistance in their 
 power. 
 
 AVliile collecting and publisliing the stor}^ of the blood}^ War 
 between the States, and while presenting the Southern side of the 
 great questions involved, we shall endeavor to give no occasion 
 for a re-awakening of strife, sectional animosities, or hate; but 
 we shall strive with "pious assiduit}' and care to preserve a true 
 and full record of the sufferings, privations, fortitude and hero- 
 ism of the people of the South, and of their unwavering devotion 
 to a cause they sincerely believed to be just." 
 
 In this undertaking, we can but do our best, and we feel how 
 feeble that must be unless our hands are upheld by those who 
 fought under the "Stars and Bars," who sat in the council cham 
 bers, or who directed the afi'airs of the Confederacy. Let all who 
 favor our enterprise come to our aid, and success will crown our 
 labor?. 
 
 "OUR CAMP CHESir 
 
 Under the above heading, in the next number of our maga- 
 zine we shall commence the publication of a series of war anec- 
 dotes, incidents, &c. Our readers will confer a favor by sending 
 us anything suitable for this department, immediately. 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 109 
 
 SOUTHERN HISTORICAL PAPERS. 
 
 We have received the first paper issued by the Southern His- 
 torical Association. Its contents are appropriate and interesting. 
 Under direction of the Executive Committee of the Society, and 
 of the efficient Secretary of the Society, Rev. J. Wm. Jones, it is 
 safe to predict that the publication will become a very valuable 
 addition to the literature of the South, and that the " Papers" will 
 do much for the future historian, furnishing him with a faithful 
 record of the most important events which occurred in the mem- 
 orable struggle in the years 1861 to 1865 inclusive; with well 
 written and carefully digested articles setting forth the causes 
 which led to the war, from the pens of representative Southern 
 men. 
 
 The number before us is a neat pamphlet of 48 pages, hand- 
 somely printed, bearing the imprint of Gary, Richmond, Va. 
 
 From the Editorial Department we select a short article : 
 
 OUR FIRST PAPER. 
 
 "As intimated in the last annual report of the Executive Com- 
 mittee, we have decided that it will be best for the Southern His- 
 torical Society to do in the future its own publishing, and we send 
 out our first number with the firm conviction that those who are 
 interested in vindicating the truth of Confederate History will 
 sustain the enterprise and make it a complete success. 
 
 " It seemed appropriate that our first number should contain 
 some discussion of the causes which led to the war, the motives 
 which prompted the Southern States to attempt the establishment 
 of a Confederacy of their own, and the spirit in which they entered 
 upon and prosecuted the great contest for constitutional freedom. 
 Accordingly, we present the able paper of the distinguished states- 
 man, Hon. R. M. T. Hunter, who graced the United States Senate 
 in its palmier days — the famous " Botetourt resolutions " of the 
 distinguished jurist, Judge Allen, which produced a profoud im- 
 pression at the time they were first published, and deserve to be 
 put in more permanent form — the Inaugural Address of President 
 Davis, the classic English of which is only equalled by its senti- 
 ments of lofty patriotism — and the address of the Confederate Con- 
 gress, which is understood to have emanated from the able, facile 
 pen of Hon. J. L. M. Curry, of Alabama, was signed by all of the 
 members of Congress, and deserves to have a place in every vindi- 
 cation of the South." 
 
 Terms, $3 a year. Address Rev. J. William Jones, Secretary 
 Southern Historical Society, Richmond, Va. 
 
110 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 CENTENNIAL YEAR, 1876. 
 
 This being the Centennial of American Independence much 
 attention will be directed to historical subjects, and we purpose 
 to devote some of our space to revolutionary incidents, and to 
 the part the Southern Colonies bore in that great struggle. Of 
 the "old thirteen" M'ere Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, 
 South Carolina and Georgia, and on their soil some of the best 
 blood of the Revolution was shed. Their sons stood in the front 
 rank of the "Ragged Rebels" of 1776, and their descendants of to- 
 day are proud of their nnme and fame. In this Centennial year, 
 those who (like Washington, Nash, Lee, Marion, Sumter and 
 hosts of other patriots of Revolutionary fame), claim the Sunny 
 South as their home would participate in any movement to give 
 eclat to the Philadelphia celebration, if they could do so as the 
 equals of any there, and not simply as the conquered, permitted 
 to be present only on^sufferance and to swell the pageant. Proud 
 of their race and lineage, proud of their revolutionary sires, 
 proud of the great names that have adorned their annals in every 
 decade of the century past, and proud of their own heroic deeds, 
 the sons of the South will take no heart-felt part in the great 
 celebration of the 19th century, unless they can do so on terms 
 befitting them and the section to which they belong. 
 
 Let us hope that the angry passions aroused by the inflamma- 
 tory harangues of an aspiring politician ma}' quickly subside, 
 and that the North will soon learn that much of its own pros- 
 perity depends upon a rehabilitated and prosperous South. Should 
 this fact be learned and acted upon, it may be that this Centen- 
 nial Year will witness the firm re-uniting of two sections, greatly 
 estranged by four years of war, and still more widely separated 
 by the years of misrule, and the bitter hatreds engendered by it. 
 
 A SERIAL STORY. 
 
 At least one serial story will run through each volume of the 
 magazine. In the next number one will be commenced writ- 
 ten by a popular Southern authoress. Name of the writer will be 
 given with the initial chapter of the story. 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAR 111 
 
 SOUTIIEBN AND NOB THERN PRISONS. 
 
 In the April and subsequent numbers this subject will be 
 discussed. The relative condition of the two sectioi s ; their ca- 
 pability for caring for the unfortunate prisoners in their hands; 
 the efforts made by each to alleviate the horrors of prison life ; 
 why exchanges were broken off; and which government is the 
 more responsible for suffering, disease and death. 
 
 Authentic accounts from Northern prisons, and a detailed his- 
 tory of Salisbury prison, and as far as possible of Andersonville 
 will be published. We shall withhold nothing authentic that 
 comes into our possession from fear, favor or affection, nor will 
 we write or cau=e to be written any statement from malice, reward 
 or the hope of reward. We will, to the best of our ability and 
 from the most reliable sources, ventilate this subject, and we ask 
 now that those in possession of facts will send them on. 
 
 TO THE ADJUTANT GENERALS OF EACH SOUTHERN 
 STATE. 
 
 Will you not furnish, for publication in the Southern His- 
 torical Monthly, a detailed statement of the troops furnished 
 by your State, giving the sum total in each branch of the service, 
 with the number killed or who died in the service, or were disa- 
 bled by wounds ? Such a statement would be of great value to 
 the future historian, and should be published for the information 
 f this generation. — Southern Historical Monthly, 
 
 THE REAL NAME. 
 
 Every historical incident or sketch should be accompanied with 
 the writer's real name, so that its value may be correctly esti- 
 mated. In all cases, we shall publish the authority for any his- 
 torical statement made in this publication, when that authority is 
 known or can be procured. 
 
112 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 BACK NUMBERS. 
 
 The publisher is now prepared to furnish several hundred cop- 
 ies, bound in volumes of six months each, or in monthly editions, 
 of Our Living and Our Dead, for the entire year of 1875. 
 These numbers contain a large amount of Historical matter, Lit- 
 erary articles, Statistical information, Educational Essays, &c., 
 and will be an excellent addition to the Library of any lady or 
 gentlemen. Bound copies — 2 volumes — $4.50 to $5.00. Month- 
 ly editions — 12 numbers — $2.50. 
 
 Address S. D. Pool, Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 TO ADVERTISERS. 
 
 We think that no periodical published in the South will offer 
 greater inducements to those desirous of bringing their business 
 before the substantial men of the Southern States, than the South- 
 ern Historical Monthly. It will go to every Southern City, 
 and very soon it will become, we have reason to believe, a wel- 
 come visitant to very many Southern homesteads. Its advantages 
 as an advertising medium can too easily be seen to need much 
 comment. We tender its pages at moderate rates — see prospectus 
 — to all who wish to advertise a legitimate business. — Southern 
 Historical Monthly. 
 
 TO THE PRESS 
 
 We send our Magazine to many of the leading journals of the 
 country, and we ask them to give to it such notice as they may 
 think it merits — commending its object and purpose if they can, 
 pointing out its defects, suggesting improvements, and, in all 
 rejects, fairly and impartially criticising it. 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 113 
 
 BATTLE OF HOOKE'S CREEK, FEBRUARY 27TH, 1776. 
 
 We see that a move has been made by the citizens of Pender to 
 celebrate the Centennial Anniversiuy of the Battle of Moore's 
 Creek which occurred February 27th, 1776. As appropriate to 
 the time and the occasion, we publish for the fiist time in this 
 country the official report of the engagement made to Cornelius 
 Harnett, by Gen. James Moore, the officer commanding the Con- 
 tinental forces. The results of this battle were exceedingly im- 
 portant and caused a decided change in the plans of the British 
 officials. In our next number, we will continue this subject, and 
 we ask our friends who have letters, documents, or official papers 
 of any kind bearing upon it to forward them to Our Living and 
 Our Dead by the 1st of March. 
 
 We follow Gen. Moore's Report with a letter from Col. Richard 
 Caswell to Mr. President Harnett ; with extracts from the 
 Memoirs of Gen. Charles Lee, and from an unpublished letter in 
 the Sscretary of State's office. We append the resolutions adop- 
 ted by the citizens of Pender count}^ at a meeting held at Lil- 
 lington in that county, Saturday, the 5th of February, 1876, 
 This move of our friends is one in the right direction, and it will 
 afford us pleasure to publish the proceedings of the Centennial 
 celebration in a subsequent number of Our Living and Our 
 Dead : 
 
 Whereas, One hundred years have elapsed since the stirring 
 events of the Revolution inaugurated American Independence 
 and culminated in the establishment of this great republic; and 
 
 Whereas, it is eminently proper on all suitable occasions, es- 
 pecially on this, the one hundredth anniversary of American In- 
 dependence, to do honor to those immortal heroes who achieved 
 for us the blessings of free government and who transmitted to 
 us and our posterity that undying devotion to liberty which, to 
 the latest time, should animate and distinguish every American 
 citizen ; and, 
 
 Whereas, The patriots of the Cape Fear country were not be- 
 hind any other section in patriotic devotion to the great princi- 
 ples of the Revolution ; on the contrary they signalized them- 
 selves as warriors and statesmen throughout the Revolutionary 
 war ; and while our Cape Fear heroes were distinguished in 
 8 
 
114 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 almost every hard fought cind bloody contest, they were especially 
 heroic and successful in achieving that glorious triumph of arms 
 in the memorable battle of Moore's Creek, on the 27th of Febru. 
 ar}^, 1770, which reliable historians regard, not alone as one of 
 the great victories of American arms, but so decisive as to make 
 it the turning point in the mighty struggle for freedom. The 
 results of that brilliant victory of the American forces have not 
 been properly appreciated, either at home among our own people 
 or in more distant States of the Union ; and this is owing in part 
 to that proverbial modesty of North Carolina which was always 
 efTective in withholding from public knowledge, much that would 
 cast more res])lendeDt lustre than ever upon the bravery, patriot' 
 ism and statesmanship of North Carolina. But when the impar- 
 tial historians shall gather up more fully these golden treasures 
 of the battle of Moore's Creek and of our colonial history — when 
 truthful history shall open up to public view the courage, and 
 patriotism of North Carolina soldiers, whether in the Revolution 
 of 1770, or in the late terrific struggle between the States, when 
 justice shall be awarded to our troops and our statesmen, we will 
 be prouder than ever of the heroes of Moore's Creek, of the his- 
 toric memories and glorious renown of the old Cape Fear, and of 
 the whole of North Carolina ; therefore 
 
 Resolved, That we yield to none in that glowing centennial 
 spirit, now nobly rising up in every State in this Union and 
 throughout the confines of the Republic, to do honor to the he- 
 roes and statesmen of 1770 — that our devotion to liberty and the 
 principles of the Constitution framed by them has not been di- 
 minished even during our late struggle for Southern indepen- 
 dence, but were from first to last "a lamp to our feet and a light 
 to our pathway," "a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by 
 night" to cheer, sustain, and lead us on to liberty and indepen- 
 dence. 
 
 Resolved, That the results of the late war have not abated one 
 jot or tittle of our devotion to the principles of the Constitution 
 upon which the government is founded ; and although the issues 
 at stake were decided adversely to our hopes and expectations, 
 yet, being settled, there exists no reason why we should not love 
 the government which our fathers aided in establishing, and the 
 old flag which they honored and loved, with as much ardor and 
 
OZjR living and OXjR dead. 115 
 
 fai'th as do the citizens of any section of our common country ; 
 and that we consider it a patriotic duty, not only to cherish af- 
 fection for the government, but to teach our children to love it. 
 
 Eesolvcd, That as the centennial of the battle of Moore's Creek, 
 the 27th of February, 1876, comes on Sunday, we will, on the 
 day before, Saturday, the 2Gt]i of February, celebrate it on the 
 Moore's Creek battle ground near this place; and that we extend 
 a cordial invitation to the people of the Cape Fear country, and 
 to all others in the State and throughout the whole country who 
 habitually cherish a love for those undying principles for which 
 our immortal heroes, Grady, Moore, Lillington, Caswell and their 
 soldier compatriots fought and achieved, according to history, 
 that glorious triumph at Moore's Creek which gave imperishable 
 lustre to their names, and also a decisive turn to the struggle for 
 American independence. 
 
 Resolved, That in order to carry out the purposes of this meeting. . 
 we will appoint an Executive Committee in chief, and also special i 
 committees, viz : A committee to prepare the ground ; a commit- 
 tee of correspondence and to procure speakers, and a committee to . 
 procure music and to arrange for steamboat transportation 
 from Wilmington to the battleground and return for such per- 
 sons as may prefer that mode of conveyance. 
 
 ('From the Remembrancer, published in Loudon, by John Ahnon, 1776, vohimc 
 3rd, page 75.) 
 
 Extract of a letter from Brigadier General James Moore, in the 
 Continental service, to the Honorable Cornelius Harnett; Esq., 
 President of the Provincial Council, North Carolina, dated Wil- 
 mington, March 2d, 1776. 
 
 On the earliest intelligence that the Tories were collecting and : 
 embodying at Cross Creek, which I received on the 9th of Feb-' 
 ruary, I proceeded to take possession of Rockfish Bridge, within 
 seven miles of Cross Creek, which I considered as an important 
 post. This I effected on the 15th, with my own regiment, five 
 pieces of artillery, and a part of the Bladen Militia; but as our 
 numbers were by no means equal to that of the Tories, I thought 
 it most advisable to entrench and fortify that pass, and : wait for 
 a reinforcement. By the 19th, I was joined by Col. Lillington 
 
116 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 with 150 of the Wihnington minute meii; Coh Kenan, with 200 
 of the Duplin militia, and Col. Ashe, with about 100 of the Vol- 
 unteer Independent Rangers, making our numbers then, in the 
 whole, about 1100 ; and from the best information I was able to 
 procure, the Tory army, under command of General McDonald, 
 amounted to about 1400 or 1500, 
 
 On the 20th they marched within four miles of us, and sent in, 
 by a flag of truce, the Governor's proclamation, a manifesto and 
 letter from the General, copies of which, together with another 
 letter, and my answer, you have inclosed. I then waited only 
 until Col. Martin and Col. Thackston, who I had certain intelli- 
 gence were on their march, should get near enough to cut off 
 .their retreat, and determined to avail myself of the first favorable 
 'Opportunity of attacking them. However, contrary to my expec- 
 'tations, I learned on ihe 21st that they had, the night before, and 
 that night, crossed the North West River, at Campbelltown, with 
 their v,diole arm}', sunk and destroyed all the boats, and taken 
 their route the most direct way to Negro Head Point ; I then 
 dispatched an express to Col. Caswell, who was on his march to 
 join us with about 800 men, and directed him to return and take 
 possession of Corbert's Ferry, over Black River ; and by every 
 means in his power to obstruct, harrass and distress them in their 
 .march. At the same time I directed Col. Martin and Col. Thack- 
 ston to take possession of Cross Creek, in order to prevent their 
 return that way. Col. Lillington and Col. Ashe I ordered, by a 
 forced march, to endeavor, if possible, to reinforce Col. Caswell ; 
 Ibut if that could not be effected, to take possession of Moore's 
 Creek Bridge, whilst I proceeded back with the remainder of our 
 army to cross the Northwest at Elizabeth Town, so as either to meet 
 them on their way to Corbert's Ferry, or fall in their rear and 
 surround them there. On the 23d I crossed the river at Eliza- 
 beth Town, where I was compelled to wait for a supply of pro- 
 visions till the 24th at night, having learned that Col. Caswell 
 was almost entirely without. Just when I was prepared to march, 
 I received an express from Col. Caswell, informing me that the 
 Tories had raised a flat which had been sunk in Black River, 
 about five miles above him, and by erecting a bridge, had passed 
 it with their whole army. I then determined, as the last expe- 
 dient, to proceed immediately in boats down the Northwest River 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 117 
 
 to DoUinson's landing, about sixty miles, and take possession of 
 Moore's Creek Bridge,about ten miles from them, at the same time 
 acquainting Col. Caswell of my intentions, and recommending to 
 him to retreat to Moore's Creek Bridge, if possible, but if not, to 
 follow on in the rear. The next day by four o'clock we arrived 
 at DoUinson's Landing, but we could not possibly march that 
 night for wint of horses for the artiller3^ I dispatched an ex- 
 press to Moore's Creek Bridge to learn the situation of affairs 
 there, and was informed that Col. Lillington, who had the day 
 before taken his stand at the bridge, was that afternoon reinforced 
 by Col. Caswell, and that they had raised a small breastwork, and 
 destroyed a part of the bridge. 
 
 The next morning, the 27th, at break of day, an alarm gun 
 was fired, immediately after which, scarcely leaving our people a 
 moment to prepare, the Tory army, with Captain McCleod at 
 their head, made their attack on Col. Caswell and Col. Lillington, 
 and finding a small entrenchment next the bridge on our side 
 empty, concluded that our people had abandoned their post, and 
 in the most furious manner advanced within thirt}^ paces of our 
 breastwork and artillery, where they met a very proper reception. 
 Captain McCleod and Captain Campbell fell within a few paces 
 of the breastwork, the former of whom received upwards of 
 twenty balls through his body ; and in a very few minutes their 
 whole army was put to flight, and most shamefully abandoned 
 their General, who was next day taken prisoner. The loss of the 
 enemy in this action, from the best account we have been able 
 to learn, is about thirty killed and wounded ; but as numbers of 
 them must have fallen into the creek, besides many more that 
 were carried off, I suppose their loss may be estimated at about 
 seventy. We had onl.y two wounded, one of .whom died to-day. 
 This, sir, I have the pleasure to inform you, has happily termi- 
 nated a very dangerous insurrection, and will, I trust, put at 
 effectual check to Toryism in this county. The situation of af- 
 fairs at this place made it necessary for me to return here, which, 
 at the special request of the committee, I did last night, with my 
 regiment. The large requisitions made by the men of war, who 
 now lie just before the town, gave the inhabitants reason to ap- 
 prehend every thing that could be suffered from their disap- 
 pointed vengeance ; however, the committee have spiritedly 
 
IIS OUR LIVING AISD OUR DEAD. 
 
 determined rather to suffer the worst of human evils tlian afford 
 them any supplies at all, and I have no doubt we shall be able to 
 prevent them from doing any great injury. 
 
 In order to lessen as much as possible the expense incurred by 
 this expedition,. I some time ago directed Col. Martin to disband 
 all the troo|>s under his command, except 1,000, including the 
 regulars, and with those to secure the persons and estates ©•f th© 
 insurgents, subject to your farther order, and then to proceed to 
 this place, unless otherwise directed. However, as I do not think 
 the service just now requires such a number of men in arms, I 
 shall immediately direct him to disband all except the reguLirs, 
 and with them to remain in and about Cross Creek until further 
 orders." 
 
 Then follows a letter from Col. Richard Caswell to Hon. Cor- 
 nelius Harnet, dated at Long Creek, 29th February, 1776. 
 
 {Exirad^) 
 
 LETTER FROM RICHARD CASWELL TO MR. PRESIDENT HARNETT. 
 
 Febmaril 29fh, 177G. 
 
 "Sir, I have the p'easure to acquaint you that we had an en- 
 gagement with the Tories at Widow Moore's Creek Bridge on. the 
 •27th current. Our army was about one thousand strong, con- 
 sisting of the Newbern battalion of Minute men, the militia 
 from Craven, Johnston, Dobbs, and Wake, and a detachment of 
 the Wilmington battalion of Minute-men, which we found en- 
 camped at Moore's Creek the night before the battle, uirUr Lhe 
 command of Col. Lillington. The Tories, by common report, 
 were three thousand ; but Gen. McDonald, whom we h^.vi }>ris- 
 oner, says there were about fifteen or sixteen huridred ; he was 
 unwell that day and not in the battle. Captain McLood, who 
 seemed to be principal commander, and Capt. Joiin Campbell, 
 are among the slain.'"' 
 
 In the same letter he says : — "Colonel Moore arrived at our 
 camp a few hours after the engagement was over; his troops 
 came up that evening, and are now encamped on the ground 
 where the battle was fought, and Colonel Martin is at or near 
 Cross Creek, with a large body of men ; those, I presume will be 
 sufficient to put a stop to any attempt to embody them again." 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 119 
 
 Letter from an Unhiown Source, Dated the 10th of March, 1776. 
 {Remembrancer, Part II, p. 74.) 
 "Parties of men are dispersed all over the Colony apprehendiiig 
 all suspected persons, and disarming all Highlanders and Regu- 
 lators that were put to the route in the late battle. The conquer- 
 ors have already taken 350 guns and shot-bags ; about 150 swords 
 and dirks; 1500 hundred excellent rifles; two medicine chests 
 fresh from England, one of them valued at 300 pounds sterling^ 
 a box containing half Joanneses and Guineas, secreted in a stable 
 at Cross Creek, discovered by a negro and reported to be worth 
 £15,000 sterling ; also thirteen wagons with complete sets of 
 horses. Eight hundred common soldiers were made prisoners, 
 disarmed and discharged. Colonel Long has also arrested several 
 of their officers, who are now in Halifax goal." * ''■'■ * 
 
 [As throwing some light on the importance of this battle, the 
 first vidory in the cause of American Independence, we copy from the 
 Memoirs of Gen. Charles Lee, then in command of the de}»art- 
 ment of the South, the following extracts from hii eurrespondence.] 
 
 WiLLIAMSBURGH, 1776. 
 
 I am exactly in the same situation I expected, puzzled where 
 to go, or fix myself from an uncertainty of the enemy's designs. 
 i can, therefore, act only by surmise. The general opinion is 
 that they will aim at this part of Virginia, or that they will fix 
 their headquarters in North Carolina. It has been already as- 
 serted that Mr. Clinton was landed with one thousand five hun- 
 dred men at Wilmington. A letter from Brig. Gen. Howe, dated 
 fjom Edenton, says it is believed but not ascertained. I wait tor 
 further intelligence. 
 
 WiLLIAMSBURGH, April 8, 1776. 
 I suppose to myself that the enemy will make this province 
 their immediate object, and since the defeat of their schemes in 
 North Carolina b,y Col. Caswell, it is the most natural supposition, 
 
 WiLLIAMSBURGH, April 17, 1776. 
 It is evident that their original intention was against North 
 Carolina, but the apparently total overthrow of their whole 
 scheme by Col. Caswell's victory, makes it more probable rhat 
 they will bend their course to some other quarter. 
 
120 OVR LIVJJSG AND OLR DEAD. 
 
 WiLLiAMSBURGii, May 7, 1776. 
 Five transports with troops are arrived at Cape Fear. I shall, 
 therefore, set out on Thursday for Wilmington by the way of 
 Halifax. 
 
 [Extract from an unpublished letter in Secretary of State's office.] 
 
 Wilmington, May 30, 1776. 
 I rather think Clinton's designs are frustrated by the defeat of 
 the Regulators and Highlanders, by the separation of many of 
 his ships, b}^ the loss of eight of his provision vessels, and by 
 their inability with the force they have to make any successful 
 attempt on the country. I apprehend that measure was concert- 
 ed in consequence of a full persuasion that Gov. Martin had 
 sufficient strength in this colony, with the assistance of some 
 ships of war and a few troops, to keep us entirely in subjection. 
 
 JACKSOIV AI\» LEE— AIV ELOQUENT ElILOGIUH. 
 
 In his address at Columbia, S. C, General Logan,(?) described Lee 
 and Jackson in the following truthful and elocjuent language : 
 
 "When we pass to the contemplation of our departed heroes 
 there are fH'o whose names are enrolled on the highest tablets of 
 fame, who appear as prominent for their virtues as for their valor, 
 for their moral and religious worth as for their martial fame. 
 No people can exliibit higher types of character than those of 
 Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee. 
 
 Jackson was emphatically the hero of our great struggle, be- 
 loved and admired by all. His military genius was only 
 equalled by the unbounded confidence of the army in his invin- 
 cibility. He was taken from us in the noonday blaze of his glory 
 triumphant and victorious in his last flank movement. His 
 brilliant, although short career, has impressed his followers and 
 the world with the power and grandeur of genius when guided 
 by deep religious principle. He was spared the last test to which 
 the great Lee was subjected. It was the fate of Lee to survive the 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 121 
 
 shock of battles, and after furnishing an example of what is due 
 to his afflicted country by the soldier when overpowered and 
 crushed he has left us a character pure, exalted and grand, to be 
 loved, admired, revered. 
 
 I will not speak on this occasion of his genius as a great cap- 
 tain, but prefer to allude to him in his still greater character as a 
 true, noble man. Lee»as a successful general, the victor of many 
 hard fought fields, ?'s great; but Lee as the true Christian, the 
 pure, unselfish man, seeking the path of duty and following it, 
 whether in the hour of triumph or in the day of disaster, is greater 
 still. Lee with the flush of victory upon him, as he is portrayed 
 by the artist mounted on Traveller at Spots3dvania among his 
 advancing regiments, is grand; but Lee writing to his faithful 
 lieutenant, who had been wounded at Chancellorsville, "I con- 
 gratulate you on the victory which is due to your skill and en- 
 ergy," is grander still. 
 
 Lee as described at the Wilderness, again at the head of his ad- 
 vancing lines, but forced to retire from the front by his men (un- 
 easy for his safety with the assurance that if he would go to the 
 rear they would go to the front, is glorious ! but Lee after the re- 
 pulse at Gettysburg, saying "All this is my fault," and assuming 
 the responsibility for the reverse, is more glorious still — it is sub- 
 lime — showing us liow true greatness, generous and magnani- 
 mous, can bear itself in defeat. Lee's military genius is conceded, 
 and he will unquestionably rank among the foreiiost captains of 
 history ; but Lee's nobl nKinhond pxhi))ited in the hour of dis- 
 aster at Appomattox, aiul in the ;<'il)sequ iit days of adversity, is 
 a priceless legacy, as an e.varnple, far more valuable than his mili- 
 tary renown. 
 
 Lord Bacon has told us that success was the blessing of the Old 
 Testament, hut adversity that of the New, and that the virtues of 
 adversity are of higher order than the virtues of success. 
 
 While Washington represents in the history of this country the 
 virtues of success, Lee represents the virtues of adversity. 
 
 The classic matron was wont to study the lives of great heroes 
 hoping thus to transmit to her sons their virtues, and their valor;, 
 and in one sense there was deep philosophy in the idea, as the 
 mother must herself have become fidly imbued with the spirit of 
 those virtues she would impart to her sou. In the case of Lee, 
 
122 OLR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 both parents reverenced and venerated Washington, and the hap- 
 piest maternal influences presided over his infancy and youth. 
 The love of the father for Washington naturally impressed itself 
 upon the son, who adopted him as the ideal of his youth, as the 
 model by wliich he souglit to mould his own character. It is not 
 surprising, therefore, that the good seed of Washington's example 
 sown in such soil should have yielded am. abundant harvest of 
 virtues and of valor ; and that we should accordingly have in 
 Lee a greater even than Washington for our matrons to admire 
 and honor, and for our youths to imitate. 
 
 Lee himself, then, is the choice fruit of Washington's example, 
 and furnishes a distinguished illustration of the value of great 
 exem]:>lars in forming the character of youth. When we recollect 
 that Lee, lavishly endowed by nature, was reared under these 
 hallowed influences, that duty (which he styled the sublimest 
 word in our language) was the key-note of his life, the pole-star 
 of his every thought and action, and that he was ever sustained 
 by his religion in this unwsvering and conscientious adherence 
 through life to the call of duty, we recognize the presence of every 
 essential for developing the most exalted of mankind. We had 
 accordingly in Lee that rare combmatlon, the highest order of 
 genius with the purest morality of its day; the supreme valor of 
 an Alexander with the unsvrerving justice of an Aristides ; the 
 brilliant talents of a Giesar with the stern virtues of a Cato ; the 
 transcendant genius of a Napoleon with the unselfish patriotism 
 of a Washington : 
 
 " A combination ;ind a form indeed, 
 "Where every jiod did seem to set his seal • 
 To give tlie world assurance of a man." 
 
 AVe have accordingly in Lee the laxt, bed gift of the Mother of 
 States and Statesmen, uniting the valor of the warrior with the 
 gentleness of woman ; the wisdom of the sage with the purity of 
 tlie saint; the virtue of the patriot with the humility of the 
 Cliristian; the brilliancy of genius with the simplicity of faith. 
 We have accordingly in Loc the most perfect embodiment yet 
 developed of the ideal manhood of our Christian civilization. 
 Nature, birth, home influence, and social advantages, and his own 
 aspii'ations for moral and Christian excellence, all combining 
 most happily to produce in him the purest and greatest man of 
 all the ages. May his grand character, as a bright example, a 
 shining light, bless his countryman to remotest generations. 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 123 
 
 A COXFEl»ERATE HEROINE. 
 
 The following incident wliicli was first related by the editor of 
 this Magazine in a Memorial Address delivered in Newbern some 
 years ago, is published at the request of a subscriber who clipped 
 it from some newspaper publication of the time, and has forwar- 
 ded it to the Camp Chest of Our Living and Our Dead. The 
 name of the lady has never been divulged for prudential reasons ; 
 but it has been placed on record that her descendants will know 
 who she was, and, if worthy of her, will be proud to claim their 
 descent from such a heroic and daring daughter of the South. 
 
 The South was full of such heroines, and it is due to them that 
 their deeds be published. The editor hopes that the narration 
 of this /ac^ will cause hundreds more to be sent him. The "boys 
 in gray " were not alone in glorious deeds — their mothers, wives, 
 sisters, daughters and sweethearts vied with them in devotion to 
 the cause, and posterity shall know tlieir good works, if in our 
 power to preserve and hand them down : 
 
 " News had been received at headquarters at Kinston, in No- 
 vember, 1862, that two Generals of the Federal army — one of 
 them commanding in North Carolina, would, on a certain day, 
 pass from Morehead to this city. It was advisable, in view of 
 certain contemplated movements, to capture the train and secure 
 the officers. At 10 o'clock P. M., I received orders to proceed at 
 once to Trenton, take a detail of men from Major Nethercutt's 
 command, and, if possible, on the day named, capture the train. 
 At 2 A. M., I reached Trenton to find Major Nethercutt absent on 
 one of his usual scouting expeditions. Awaiting his return at 
 daylight, I made myself comfortable, and was about to indulge 
 in a morning's nap when the clatter of the feet of a horse, at full 
 gallop, caused me to step to the door of the Court House to see 
 what was in the wind. The sentinel upon duty had halted the 
 rider, and was receiving from him a paper to be delivered imrae- 
 diately to the officer in command. To my astonishment the note 
 bore no address, and upon being opened the blank page of half a 
 sheet of letter paper was all that met my eye. The rider, an 
 elderly countryman, unknown to me, was breathing his jaded 
 
124 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 horse preparatory to return ; but could give me no other informa- 
 tion than this : About 1 o'clock A. M., he was r used from his 
 slumbers, and on going to his door found a lady on horseback 
 who gave him the note, and told him to take it at full speed to 
 Trenton and give it to any Confederate officer he should find on 
 duty there, as it contained important imformation. In a few 
 moments thereafter, I was in the private room of a citizen of 
 Trenton, and his kind wife was warming an iron for my use. 
 Applied to the seemingly blank sheet of paper, heat soon enabled 
 me to see what I desired. Foster had returned two days sooner 
 than anticipated, and was to leave that very morning with a force 
 most accuratel}^ detailed on the sheet before me, on an expedition, 
 having, in my opinion, the railroad bridge at Weldon for its ob- 
 jective point. The object of my expedition being thus frustrated, 
 I returned immediately to Kinston, and gave the information I 
 had procured through the intrepid daring of one of Newbern's 
 daughters to the officer in command. Steps were promptly taken 
 by the General Commanding the department, and such an array 
 of troops was placed in front and upon the flanks of the Federal 
 General as caused him rapidl}'' to retrace his steps. The lady's 
 name appended to that note has never been told — her secret has 
 been locked in my breast — my superior officer, respecting my 
 motive in desiring to keep it, only requiring my pledge that the 
 w'riter was worthy of credit. I doubt whether the writer of that 
 note ever knew into whose hands it fell or the good it accom- 
 pli.shed. When I state she was a young lady, tenderly reared, 
 and then in the ver}^ morning of maidenhood, her night ride at 
 great personal risk, to convey useful information, can be properly 
 appreciated." 
 
OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAR 
 
 125 
 
 NORTfl CAROLINA 
 
 Slate Life IiimiiceCofflpiiy 
 
 iSA£i£:i€)}ii, :k. c 
 
 Capital, 
 
 S200,0O0 
 
 At the end of the First Fiscal Year lias 
 issued over 900 Policies without sustaining 
 a single loss. 
 
 Prudent, economical and energetic man- 
 agement has made it 
 
 A Snccessful Corporation. 
 
 This Company issues every desirable form 
 of Policies at as low rates as any other 
 
 FIBST CLASS COMPANY. 
 
 Imposes no useless restriction upon res- 
 idence or travel. 
 
 Has a fixed paid up value on all policies 
 after two annual payments. 
 
 Its entire assets are loaned and 
 
 Invested at Home. 
 
 to foster and encourage Home Enterprise. 
 
 Thirty days grace allowed in the pay- 
 ment ol^^ Premiums. 
 
 With these facts before them will the 
 people of North Carolina continue to pay 
 annually thousands upon thousands of dol- 
 lars to build up Foreign Companies, when 
 they can secure insurance in a Company 
 equally reliable and every dollar's premium 
 they pay be loaned and invested in our own 
 State, and among our own people ? 
 
 D. T. CARRAWAY, 
 District Agent, Newbern, N. C. 
 
 DLstrict Agents. 
 
 Ruffin & Taylor, Greensboro, N. C. 
 
 Henry A. London, Jr., Pittsboro, " 
 
 Thos' H. Haughton, Charlotte, " 
 
 D. T. Carraway, Newbern, " 
 
 Dr. G. W. Michol, Newton, " 
 
 Dr. David McBiyde, Shoe Heel, " 
 
 W. L. Smith & Co., Wilmington, " 
 
 John A. Gates, Faison, " 
 
 P. M. Briggs, Wilson, " 
 
 Dr. R. K. Speed, Elizabeth City, " 
 
 Capt. R. D. Johnston, Asheville, " 
 J. W. Gidney, Shelby, 
 
 Orren Williams, Tarboro, '* 
 
 General Agent. 
 
 R. S. Dashiell, Atlanta, Georgia. 
 
 THE SOUTHERN HOME— Published 
 weekly by D, H. Hill— Devoted to the 
 vindication of the truth of Southern Histo- 
 ry, to the preservation of Southern Charac- 
 teristics, to the development of Southern 
 Eesources, under the changed relations of 
 the Labor System, and to the advancement 
 of Southern Interests in Agriculture, Mining 
 Manufacturing and the Mechanic Arts. 
 
 In addition to the contributions from tbe 
 old corps of writers of ' ' The Land We 
 Love," tiie services will be secured of 
 thorough men of Science, and of Practical 
 Farmers, Miners, Machini.-its, <fec. 
 
 TERMS OF SOUTHERN HOME : 
 
 One copy one year, in advance, % 2..")0 
 
 Five copies, one year, 11.25 
 
 Ten copies, one year, 20. 00 
 
 The remittances in every case must be by 
 Check, P. O. Order, or Eegistered Letter. 
 
 To ADVEETifrZEs— The Southern Home 
 having now the largest circulation of any 
 paper west of li&lcigh, affords a fine adver- 
 tising medium. Terms moderate. 
 
 THE GREENSBORO PATRIOT— Estab- 
 lished 1821 — Piibb.slied weekly in Greens- 
 boro, N. C, by Duffy t<c Albrii,dit, at $2.10 
 per year in advance— postage included. 
 
 It is Democratic-Con.scrvative in politics 
 and labors zealously for the material pros- 
 perity of the South generally and North Car- 
 olina particularly. 
 
 North CaruliDians abroad phoidd not be 
 without it. Specimen cojiies sent fren. 
 
 IF YOU WAMT 
 
 A good weekly paper for your fiirnily you 
 should take the Spirit bf the Age. 
 
 It is a twenty column jjaper, devoted to 
 Temperance, Morality, and the News, and 
 only 
 
 OXE IJ01.I.A2S 
 for a year. Make np your mind to 
 TAKE IT J^O^V, 
 and send at once to 
 
 W. J. EDWARDS, Publisher, 
 
 Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 THE WILMINGTON JOURNAL- Daily 
 and weekly — Engelhard & Sanders, Edi- 
 tors, Wilmington, N. C. 
 
 The Journal is one of the very best pa- 
 pers published in the State, and should be 
 liberally patronized by North Carolinians at 
 home and abroad. 
 
 Democratic to the backbone. 
 
 In our next issue we shall 
 publish a full list of North Caro- 
 lina papers, with terms, &c. 
 
126 OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 Mem Historical 1&% 
 
 A Magaz'ne Established January, 1876, 
 
 To Gather and Publish Southern Historical Matter. 
 
 I HAVE COMMENCED the publication nl a Magazine devoted lo the preservation 
 of historical materials, and to the vindication of the people of th.e States known 
 as Confederate in the late war, under the title of the 
 
 MQmiM§Fm 
 
 The first number bearing date January 1876, was issued February 8th, .ind 
 subsequent numbers will be about the 1st ot each succeedins: month. 
 
 Theo-reat populnrity of "OUR LIVING AND OUR DEAD," published to vin- 
 dicate iVorth Carolina and to gather the precious memorabilia of the past, has embol- 
 dened the subscriber to undertake the puWication of a Magazine more general in its 
 character, embracing the entire record made by the soldiers and sailors who fought 
 under the " Stars and Bars" of the Confederate States. 
 
 The Magazine will deal with the past. Its mission will be preservative. Its pur- 
 pose will not be to promote strife, to awaken sectional animosities, or to fan the 
 flame of hate ; but with pious assiduity and care to preserve a true and full record of 
 the suf^eriiii^s. privations, fortitude and heroism of the people of the South, and of 
 their unwaverin^f devotion to a cause they sincerely beheved to be just. 
 
 It will bear faithful testimonv, endeavoring to be fair and just to both friend and 
 foe. In vindicating the action and achievements of the South, no wi-ong will be 
 done the North. The truth shall be so writren that the labors of the hi.storian of the 
 war will be greatly facilitated. From its pages may be gathered sucli a correct view 
 of the great struggle, that the men of other generations, and other countries and peo- 
 ples may know what were the great principles at stake, what deeds were done, and 
 wiiat were the strength and resources of the combatants. 
 
 The Magazine will contain 128 pages, making two annual volumes 768 pages each. 
 It wll be printed on good paper, with new type. At least one-half of each number 
 willibe devoted to the historical reco d, and the remaining part to literature, indu- 
 ing stories, essays, poetry, criticism, tfec. Its contributors will be Southern gentle- 
 men and ladies with established reputations in letters. 
 
 Teums— !|4,0<> per annum, postage prepaid ; single copies 35 cents. 
 
 As the Magazine will certainly appear at the time mentioned, remittances may be 
 made at once by all who desire to begin with the first number. 
 
 An extra copy will be sent to any one sending us eight names with the cash. For 
 f .S.5,0() we will'send ten copies; for $65,00 we will send twenty copies. 
 
 Active agents wanted in every town and count}- throughout the entire South. 
 
 ADVERTISING 
 
 RATES: 
 
 
 SPACE. 
 
 1 month. 
 
 3 months. 
 
 6 months. 
 
 12 months. 
 
 
 i 2 50 
 10 00 
 18 00 
 
 $ 7 00 
 18 00 
 30 00 
 54 00 
 
 $ 12 00 
 30 00 
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 90 00 
 
 $ 20 00 
 
 One-fourth page, 
 
 One-hnlf na'^e 
 
 54 oO 
 90 00 
 
 One page, 
 
 L'5 00 
 
 150 00 
 
 Address^ 
 
 S. D. POOL, 
 
 Raleigh, JT. C. 
 
OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD. 
 
 127 
 
 PIEDMONT AI«.LINE RAIL- 
 WAY. 
 
 RICHMOND & DANV.LLE, RICHMOND & DAN- 
 
 NILLE R W. N C. DINISION AND NORTH- 
 
 WESTEIJF N 0. R. VV 
 
 ONDENSED TIM-. TABLE. 
 
 In effect on and alter Sunday, Dec. 19th. 1875. 
 
 GOING NORTH. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Mail. 
 
 Leave Charlotte. 
 
 .5 45 AM. 
 
 Air line Junction. 
 
 6 25 •• 
 
 Sslishirry. 
 
 8 20 • 
 
 " Greensboro, 
 
 10 58 " 
 
 Danville, 
 
 1 34 P M. 
 
 Dundee, 
 
 1 49 " 
 
 BurkviUe, 
 
 fi 51 '* 
 
 Arrive Richmond, 
 
 9 35 P M. 
 
 GOING SOfTH. 
 
 
 Stations. 
 
 Mail. 
 
 Leave Ricnmond, 
 
 5 50 A M. 
 
 Burliville, 
 
 9 00 '• 
 
 *' Dundee, 
 
 1 39 P M. 
 
 Danvihe, 
 
 1 43 " 
 
 Greensboro, 
 
 4 28 " 
 
 t>ali*bnry, 
 
 « .54 " 
 
 Air line Junction. 
 
 8 52 " 
 
 Arrive Charlotte, 
 
 9 15 •' 
 
 goixu e.^st. going west 
 
 Stations. Mail Mail, 
 
 Leave Greensboro, H 00 A M. Arrive 4 10PM 
 
 Arrive Riileish, 3 49 PM. •• 1105 AM 
 
 Arrive Golsdboro, G40 •• •' 8 20AM 
 
 STATIONS. ACCOMODATION TRAIN. 
 
 Leave Greensboro, 7 00 P M. Arr, (i 00 P. M. 
 
 Arrive Rxxleinfh, 5 00 A M. Arr 7 30 P. M. 
 
 Arrive at Goldsboro, 11 15 " Lv. 2 00 P. M. 
 
 NORTH-WESTERN N. C. R. W.-SALrM Branch. 
 Leave Greensboro, 4 45 PM 
 
 Arrive at Salem, 6 45 P M 
 
 Leave Salem, 8 15 A M 
 
 Arrive at Greensboro, 10 33 AM 
 
 Paesenfjer train leaving Raleisrh at 11 05 A. M. con- 
 nects at Greensboro with the Northern bound train : 
 making ihe quickest time to all Northern cities. Price 
 of Tickets same as via other routes. 
 
 Trains lo and from points East of Greensboro con- 
 uects at Greensboro with Mail Trains to andjfrom 
 points North and South. 
 
 Lynchburg Accommodation leave Richmond at 
 9.00a. m., arrive at Burkviile 12.36, p. m., leave 
 Burkville 1,20. p. m.. arrive at Richmond, 4..34 p. m. 
 No change of Cars between Charlotte and Richmond, 
 2S2 miles. 
 
 For lurther iufcrmatiou. address 
 
 S. E. ALLEN, General Ticket Agent, 
 Greensboro, N C. 
 
 TMRTALCOTT, 
 
 Engineer and Gen'l Sup't. 
 
 /CHANGE OF SCHEDULE, 
 
 RALEIGH & GASTON RAILROAD 1 
 ouplrintendent's Office, )■ 
 Raleigh, N. C, May 20th 1875. ) 
 On and after Friday, May 22ijd., 1874. trains on the 
 Raleigh <to Gasion Railroad will run daily [Sunday 
 evcepted] as follows : 
 
 MAIL TRAIN. 
 
 Leave Ralei h o..3o a m 
 
 Arrive at VVeldoa 3 30 p m 
 
 L->ave Weldon 9.-0 a m 
 
 Arrive at Raleigh 3.45 p m 
 
 ACCOMMODATION TRAIN. 
 
 1 Leave Raleigh 5.15 a m 
 
 I Arrive at \\ eldon 5.15 p m 
 
 I Leave Weldon 2 :!0 a m 
 
 I Arrivs at Rakigh 2 40 p m 
 
 I Mail train makes close connection at Vl^eldon with 
 I the Seaboard and Roanoke Rai.rrad and Buy Line 
 I Steamers via B.iltimore, to and fri.m all points North, 
 I West and Norfhwcst, and with P.;tei>bur;; Baiiimore 
 
 via Petersburg, Richmond, and Washington City, to 
 
 and Irom alt points North, and Northwest. 
 And at Raleish with the North C:;ro;;na Riiilroad 
 
 to and fioni all p(;in3s South and Swnthweat, and with 
 I the Raleigh & Augustn Air Line to Havv.ood acd 
 
 Favetteville. A. B. . 
 
 ANDREWS, 
 Gen'l Superintendent. 
 
 SEABORD ife ROANOKE 
 kailroad company 
 
 OrpiCE S. & R. R. R. Co., ( 
 Portsmouth, Va., Jan. 1, 1873. f 
 On and after this date, the trains will leave Ports- 
 month (Sunday excepted) as follows : 
 
 Mail train daily at 4.00p.m. 
 
 Through freight train daily at 4.30 a. m 
 
 Way freight trains, Mondays, Wednesdays 
 
 and Fridays at 8.00 a.m. 
 
 ARRIVE AT PORTSMOUTH. 
 Mail train daily at 7 15 p. m 
 
 No. 1 L- ivigi.L I'rain at 12 00 m 
 
 No. 2 Freight train at 4.00 p. m 
 
 Freight trains have a passenger car attached. 
 Steamers for Epenton, Plymouth and Landings on 
 Blackwater and Chowau riveas leave Franklin at 7.40 
 a. m-, Mondays, Wedueedsys and Fridays. 
 
 E. G. OHIO, 
 Supt. of Transportation. 
 
 CAROLINA CENTRAL RAILWAY 
 COMPANY. 
 
 Office General Siterintewdent, (^ 
 Wilmington, N- C, June 3, 1875. j 
 
 Change of Schedule. 
 
 On and after June 0th, 1875, tniins will be run over 
 this Railway as foLows . 
 
 EASTERN DIVISION. 
 
 Passengar aiid Mail Trains— Daily, 
 Leave Wilmington at 7 00 p. m 
 
 Arrive ia Charloae at 7.00 a. m 
 
 Leave Charlotte at 7.00 p. m 
 
 Arrive ai Wilmington at 7.00 a. m 
 
 East Freiget and Passenger Trains— Daily, (Snudays 
 excepted.) 
 
 7.05 am 
 10.00 p m 
 
 9.00 pj 
 
 7 30am 
 11.30 am 
 12 00 m 
 
 4.00 p m 
 
 Leave Wilmington at 
 Airive at Chariotte at 
 Leave Charlotee at 
 Arrive at Wilmington at 
 
 WESTERN DIVISION. 
 
 Leave Charlotte at 
 
 Arrive at Buffalo for Shelby at 
 
 Leave Buffalo at 
 
 Arrive in Cnarlotte at 
 
 Connections. 
 
 Connects at Wilmingion with Wilmington & Wei- 
 don and Wilmington, Columbia & Augntta Rail- 
 roads. Semi-weekly Yew York and Tjily-weekly Bal- 
 timore and weekly Philadelphia Steamers, and the 
 River Boais to Fayettevillo. 
 
 Connections at Charlotte with the North Carolina 
 Railroad, Charlotte and Statesville Railroad, Cbar- 
 lette and Augusta Air-Line, and Charlotte, Columbia 
 and Augusta Railroad. 
 
 Thus supplying the whole West, Northwest and 
 Southwest with a short and cheap line to the Seaboard 
 and Europe, S.L.FREMONT, 
 
 Chief Engineer and Superintendent. 
 
 ^^Papers publishing C. C. Rallwiy schedule will 
 please notice chanpes 
 
128 OVR LIVING AND OUR DEAD 
 
 WILMINtJTON&WELDONR.R CO 
 
 Office Genkkal Superintendent, I 
 
 Wilmington, N. C , Oct. U, 1873. f 
 
 On and after June l-i.. Piipsun^er Trains 
 
 on the Wilmington and VV'cldon lijiilroad will run a6 
 
 follows. 
 
 MAIL TRAIN 
 
 Leave Union Depot daily (Sundays exccpied) a 
 
 7.35 a ra. 
 
 Arrive at Goldsboro 11.50 " 
 
 Uocky Mount 2.1)0 p m. 
 
 Wcldon . 3.50 ' 
 
 Leave NAekluii duilv (Sundays excepted) at. . 9.50 a.m. 
 Arrive at Rocky Mount, 11.35 " 
 
 (ioldfboro', 137 p.m. 
 
 Uulon Depot, 0.05 " 
 
 EXPRESS TliAIN. 
 
 Leave Uuioii Depot daily, at 5.00 p. m. 
 
 Arrixe at (iol<l:^l)oro' 11.40 a. m 
 
 Rocky Mount, 2.50 a. m 
 
 Weldon, 6.00 " 
 
 Leave Wcldon daily, 7.00p.m. 
 
 Arriveat Rocky Mount, 9.30 " 
 
 Goldsb >ro\ 12 .50 a. m 
 
 Union Depot 0.30 " 
 
 Mail Train makes close connection at Weldon 
 for allijoints Nortli via Bay Line and Acquia Ureek 
 routes. 
 
 Express train connects only with Acquia Creek | 
 route. Pullman's Palace Sleeping Cars on this train. I 
 
 Freight trains will leave Wilmington rri-weekly 
 at 5.00 a. m., and arrive at 1.40 p. m. j 
 
 Express Freight Trains will leave Wilmington daily 
 fSun day. "excepted) t2.00p. m., and arrive at 5.30 p.m. 
 JOHN F. DIVINii, 
 Ci^neral Superintedent. 
 
 /neARLOTTP; COLUMBIA 
 
 \J & AUGUST \ RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 Superintendent's OrricE. ( 
 Columbia. S, O Oct. 26, 1873. f 
 On and alter this date, the following schedule will be 
 ruu over this road ; 
 
 GOING SOUTH. 
 
 Train No. 1. Train No. 3 
 
 Leave Charlotte, 7 00 a. m. 8 30 p. m. 
 
 Leave Columbia, 2 48 p m. 3 40 a. m. 
 
 Arrive Augusta, 8 05 pm. 8 45 a.m. 
 
 GOING NORTH. 
 
 Train No. 2. Train No. 4 
 
 Leave Augusta, 3 52 a. m. 5 50 p. m 
 
 Leave Columbia, 11 58 a. lu. 9 36 p. m 
 
 Arrive Charlotte, 7 08 p. m. 5 15 p. m 
 
 Standard time ten minutes slower than Washing- 
 ton ; SIS minutes ahead of Columbia. 
 
 No. 1 Train daily. No. 2 Train daily, Sunday ex- 
 cepted. Both trains make close connection to aJl 
 points North, South and West. Through tickets 
 sold and batr^'airc checked all principal points. 
 JAMES ANDERSON. Genera Snpt. 
 
 B 
 
 OUND VOLUMES FOR SALE 
 
 The stibscrib?r offers the iRt, 2nd and 
 3d volumes of "OUR LIVING AND OUR 
 DEAD," for sale at these prices ; 
 
 In Cloth, per Volume, $2.2r). 
 
 Half Calf, per Volume 2.7r>. 
 
 tW° Sent bv Mail, Postage Prepaid. 
 S. D. POOL, Raleigh, N. C. 
 
BOOKWALTEE 
 
 AND 
 
 BIGELOW 
 
 EiisroiisrEis, 
 
 FOR 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^H Ginning Cotton. 
 
 GEORGE ALLEN & CO., 
 
 22 and 2 4. Pollok St., KE WBERJY, ^^, C, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 General Hardware, 
 
 .A.gricixlt\ii-obl Im-iDlezziezits^ 
 Cotton Gins, Cotton Presses, Cotton Flanters, Horse Pow- 
 ers, Cider Mills, Threshers, Carriage Material, 
 Walter A. Wood's Mowers and Reapers. 
 
 Ouu Stock Embraces 
 Tlie Champion, The Stonewall, If'iley, Dickson, Allen, and Magno- 
 lia Cotton Plow, The Celebrated Atlas Turning Plow, 
 
 and many other improved Plows. j|@='Send for illustrated Catalogue. 
 Personal attention given to orders. GEO. ALLEN & CO. 
 
1 
 
 i8je. A Hew Vinuiil A New Year. ime. 
 
 "OUR UM AND OUR DEAD;" 
 
 A MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF 128 PAGES, 
 
 DEVOTED TO 
 
 North Carolina -her Past, her Present, and her Future. 
 
 Teriiii*, Po»itagc paid, $:i a Year, in A<lianoe. 
 
 ly^WHAT IS SAID OF IT.=^ 
 
 " Noblf object. Let ull who desire to perpetuate the memory of those who defended 
 North Carolina in her most trying liour, and especially of those who died for lier, en 
 cunrasfe Mr Pool in his praisewortiiy undertakinij;." — Western E.vpo.iifor. 
 
 "Every man who has ordinary State pride should siil)scril)i', and all the ladies ((Jod 
 l)less them) who are always ready to do their duty shoidd aid this worthy enterprise." — 
 li<(leigh Sentinel. 
 
 " It deserves a liberal patronage by the people of the State." — Anherilk Pioneer. 
 
 " This admirable paper siiould be in tlie hands of every true North Carolinian." — 
 doncM'd Sun. 
 
 " A trulj^ merit(irii)Us rntirprisc and one deserving of every eneouragemeiil."— 
 OreeiUfborei' Patriot. 
 
 "Col. S. D. Pool is engaged in one of the most laudable enterprises ever undertaken 
 in the State. Our Living and Ovv. Dkad shoidd be taken by every ('()nfe<ierate Sol- 
 dier." — Rdleigh New.^. 
 
 ''J^To literary effort is more praiseworthy than thi.s of Col. Pool's." — Ila'eigh (JhriHtiuii 
 .\d I) or ate. 
 
 " Col. Pool is engaged in a work for which both the present and future generations 
 will have caus(; to thank him." — Hilhboro' Reeorder. 
 
 " No ent<irprise since the war has such strong claims upon North Carc)lina soldiers 
 and we cannot too .strongly urge them to aid it." — Gen. J). H. Hill, in Snutltcm llmiu. 
 
 ," As a mine for the historian it will be invaluable and inexhaustible. — M'ibuington 
 Jottrnal. 
 
 " It is a most valuable idea. Keep it going." — E.r. G"i\ Z. B. V<n/ct. 
 
 " Col. Poot is doing a good work for the history of the South * * —we hope 
 every aid will be given him."— 7<ryio/v>' Enquirer. 
 
 " It is one of the most interesting Journals we have ever read." — Cleveleind Banner. 
 
 ■' It is especially the duty of every surviving Confederate soldier to render you all the 
 assistance in his power. As one of those accept my thanks for what you have underta- 
 ken."— (tcm. T. L. Cline/nmn. 
 
 ■'!■ feel a deep interest in the success of your enterprise and cannot believe that the 
 livmg soldiers, and the friends rf the noble dead will allow it to fail. * * * ^Ve 
 must see t« it that you liavc proper aid and encouragement." — Oeii. A. M. Secdex. 
 
 " I think OuK Living and Our Dkad lias done more to publish historical details of 
 the war than any other paper or Magazine in the South."— Gen. I. R. Trimble. 
 
 '•I have been a subscriber for, and reader of, Ouii Living and Ouii Dead since its 
 establishment, and take pleasure in reeomniending both its literarv and historical char- 
 acter."— (7<jrt. Wni. R. Cox. 
 
 " 1 consider Ouu Living AND Ouu Dead a very valuable Magazine. It especially 
 • •(jnlaius much important historical information, particularly such as shows the part taken 
 by North Carolina in the late war. I trust that the intelligent people of the State will, 
 by timely and liberal patronage, second your efforts to secure its continuance." — Hon. 
 Kemp^ P. Battle. 
 
 " Your Magazine is not only creditable to your energy and enterprise, but in my judg 
 ment, is so well conducted as to reflect credit upon the State. In style and finish it is 
 certainly up with the taste of the age, while its contents are often instructive and always 
 l)leasing and entertaining. It merits, and I hope will receive a liberal share of the pub- 
 lic patronage. * * —CaptSantHA. Ashe. 
 
 Address , s. D. POOI., 
 
 mdcioh, JV". a 
 

 1