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FOE THE GOVEENMENT OF THE 
 OF MABYLAND, 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR TEACHERS AND PUPILS, 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 FOEMS AND INSTEUCTIONS FOE TEANSACTING ALL 
 PUBLIC SCHOOL BUSINESS. 
 
 ISSUED BY AUTHORITY OF 
 
 Wv 
 
 THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION 
 
 V 
 
 BALTBIOEE: 
 PRINTED BY WILLIAM K. BOYLE. 
 
 1865. 
 
c ' 
 
 
 P 'r.r/'' 
 
Q/o me ^^o?nnuddW7iezd' o/ me 
 
 (^wHic (i/cfi(>(>u d miaudand. 
 
 The following Code of By Laws piepared bj' the 
 State Superintendent of Public Instruction and issued by 
 authority of the State Board of Educadon sets forth in 
 detail the methods according to which the School Sys- 
 tem is to be put into harmonious and efficient operation. 
 
 The By-Laws are designed as the Complement to the 
 Act providing a Uniforoi System of Public Schools for the 
 State. Taken together with the Law, the Rules for the 
 Government of teachers and pupils and the various forms 
 contained in the Appendix, you have not only the theory 
 but the complete working plan of the School System. 
 
 It is expected that Commissioners and teachers will 
 make themselves thoroughly acquainted, not only with 
 the spirit but the letter of the law, and the regulations 
 which are issued under its precepts. It is a system of 
 Free Public Instruction. It recognizes the duty of Uni- 
 versal Educatii^n without distinction of caste, or class, or 
 social position. It recognizes the great truth that all 
 men are born free and equal, all have an interest in the 
 public weal. All can become valuable citizens of the 
 State, all can be enlightened and thereby made the Con- 
 tibutors to wealth and progress. Hence it passes by 
 none, however humble. It opens a fountain of know- 
 
IV 
 
 ledge to whicli the multitudes may come and drink refresli 
 ing and invigorating draughts which make glad the heart, 
 and stimulate those longings which encourage the devel- 
 opment of a perfect humanity. It reveals a source of 
 light, that will not only cheer but make safe the path of 
 all who walk amid life's perplexities. 
 
 The work that opens before the School Commissioner 
 thus becomes most eminently a missionary work, and 
 appeals to him as a patriot and philanthropist to enter 
 upon it with pure, disinterested and earnest motives. 
 
 To the Superintendent it is a cause not only of joy, 
 but of devout thankfulness to the great Disposer of 
 events, that the lot has fallen upon such highly qualified 
 and sincerely devoted friends of education, to assist him 
 in bearing the heavy responsibility which he has assumed. 
 
 It is the Pioneer who encounters the greatest obsta- 
 cles, who has to make the rough places smooth, who is 
 called upon to explain misapprehensions, to conciliate 
 prejudices, to correct misinterpretations and remove 
 those doubts and hesitations which even among clear 
 thinking men always throw a shadow over and rear a 
 barrier before every new enterprise. 
 
 We cannot and ought not to conceal from ourselves 
 the fact, that a system of Free Public Instruction, which 
 aims at nothing short of Universal Education, which 
 designs to give the child of the poorest and humblest fam- 
 ily every opportunity for elementary education; a system 
 which, if the child prove worthy, will carry him forward 
 through the High School and the College to the profes- 
 sional vSchools of the University, is not unanimously ad- 
 vocated by our fellow citizens. Some complain because 
 they are taxed, and oppose Schools, saying "that no 
 child is -entitled to any better education than his parents 
 can pay for." Others claim to be friends of Public In- 
 struction but disapprove certain features of the Law 
 
and upon that base an opposition to Free Schools, instead 
 of proving iheir sincerity by striving to correct the real 
 or imagined defects, A few persistently oppose all 
 Schools for the poor, asserting that the laboring man is 
 most contented when ig-norant, and as laboring- men will 
 always be needed, it is best that nothing be done which 
 will cause them to be dissatisfied with their condition. 
 By such specious arguments, universal education is op- 
 posed, and prejudices are awakened against every sys- 
 tem which provides for the diffusion of knowledge among 
 the masses. We have to contend against this opposition. 
 We also have to meet that distrust which always attaches 
 to new expedients, new lavv^s, especially those Laws 
 which work radical, social and moral changes. Let the 
 contest be pursued with calmness. Seek by lucid expla- 
 nations of the law and of its many beneficent provisions 
 to gain for it friends. Convince the tax payers that it is 
 better to use money for Schools than for Alms Blouses 
 and Penitentiaries, That the teacher is cheaper than 
 the Judge. The School House costs less than the Court 
 House. Thus disarm opposition and at the same time 
 secure the hearty, earnest support of the thousands who 
 know the value of knowledge and claim its benefits for 
 the cliildren who are to be our future voters, perhaps 
 legislative and executive officers. 
 
 Many object to the School Law because so little has 
 been accomplished under the old Systems. Disappointed 
 in the past and now impatient to reach results, they are 
 disinclined to give this a fair trial, to wait till its growth 
 proves its worth. They expect a sudden and radical 
 change by which School Houses will be transformed, 
 teachers qualified, children rendered docile and quiet. 
 The Law cannot do the work of Alladin's Lamp, but 
 it can sow the seed and nurse the tender plant until 
 U developes its strength, and is ready for the harvest. 
 
VI 
 
 We must counsel our pei»ple not to be impatient. To 
 remember that the foundation is now being laid, and ere 
 long the superstructure will appear. Let the foundation 
 be well laid. Better disappoint those who are over anx- 
 ious, than gratify them by a sudden and short-lived 
 development. 
 
 Had not the base been laid by builders wise 
 The Pyramids had never reached the skies. 
 
 Our motto is "to aim at the highest good with courage 
 and with confidence," but we are willing to proceed 
 slowly and cautiously. The General Assembly has given 
 us a good law. With a few alterations it will be entirely 
 adapted to our present wants. These alterations will not 
 affect general principles. They concern minor details, 
 will smooth down some roughness and remove seeming 
 inconsistencies and verbal inaccuracies which naturally 
 resulted from the changes made in the Committee and 
 afterwards during debate in Senate and House. We 
 liave reason to feel a just pride in this Law. It is ap 
 proved by Educationists of otiier States, and acknow- 
 ledged to bo not only a complete System, but to secure a 
 greater degree of uniformity than has yet been attained 
 by any similar enactment. 
 
 It is worthy of note that our legislators have in this 
 law, come up to the full measure of duty, and instead of 
 giving to the State a skeleton system, have enacted that 
 which, with few changes, can be adapted to the present 
 and prospective necessities of our population. Such alter- 
 ations and additions as may seem wise will be reported 
 by the Committee appointed at the Convention of August 
 22 and 23. Besides verbal corrections, they chiefly con- 
 cern the questions of local taxation for building vSchool 
 Houses, the reading of Holy Scripture at opening of 
 School, the education of children employed in factories 
 and a method byk which a more regular attendance of 
 
Vll 
 
 pupils at School can be secured. To accomplisli this 
 and whatever else the Committee may sug^g^est, we must 
 endeavor to awaken in our Legislature an earnest and 
 enlightened zeal in the great cause of Public Instruction. 
 It is the most important question of the day. Upon it 
 the solution of the problem of our popular System of 
 Government depends. We must unite to sustain educa- 
 tion. The work is committed to our hands. By every 
 proper means, on all suitable occasions, and with all the 
 weight of influence which we are able to exert, it is our 
 duty fo urge upon our people and our legislative and 
 executive officers their duty and privilege to make men- 
 tal development keep pace witb material progress, to 
 have intelligence and prosperity advance with equal step 
 to exhibit to the world a people not only endowed with 
 the right of self-government, but comprehending the 
 great purposes for which government is instituted, and 
 capable to direct its powers, free from selfish designs, 
 for the greatest good of the greatest number. 
 
 It is wise to investigate the causes of the inefficiency 
 of the various systems of Public Schools heretofore en- 
 forced in our State. We are now behind the times, and 
 in no grade of Public Instruction can we compare favor- 
 ably with many younger States. Most of our Academies 
 are little better than Grrammar Schools. Our Colleges are 
 provided with a full corps of Professors, but exhibit small 
 catalogues of students. The fault has been with the old 
 system of Primary instruction. Primary instruction has 
 been inefficient because none of the means of conducting: 
 a School successfully have been supplied, and whenever 
 a parent has had the ability, children, even of tender 
 years, and young men have been sent away from home 
 to secure elementary, academic and collegiate education. 
 Our School Houses, with few exceptions, are inconveni- 
 ently located, badly built and out of repair. I doubt 
 
via 
 
 whether we have two huiidreil really comfortable and 
 suitable School houses in the State. The furniture is of 
 the rudest kind. Books have been procured by the chil- 
 dren slowly, and of various editions. No maps or black 
 boards have been provided. In these badly furnished and 
 rudely built, and inconveniently located houses, Teachers, 
 with very small salaries, have been placed to instruct 
 from twenty to fifty children, some without books, all 
 without the ordinary comforts and conveniences of a well 
 ordered School. 
 
 We need not be surprised at the result. The public 
 money has been spent and very little good accomplished. 
 It is true that this is not the case everywhere. There are 
 honorable exceptions. There are Counties which, by 
 liberal local tax, have been sustaining Schools, building 
 School Houses, providing furniture and books, and deal- 
 ing liberally with Teachers. They have succeeded, but 
 their success is not yet equal to their expectation or inten- 
 tion. Compare such Counties with those which have 
 made little progress, and it will be found that the differ- 
 ence results from the liberal appropriations for School 
 Houses, School furniture and Teachers salaries, and the 
 active and intelligent supervision which controls the sys- 
 tem. The one has provided the means essential to the 
 most moderate degree of success, the other has neglected 
 to do likewise. 
 
 School work, like all other work, is *' matter of fact busi- 
 ness." We may indulge in earnest declamation about the 
 beauty of virtue, the value of intelligence, the necessity 
 of education. We may contrast the comforts of civilized 
 life with the discomforts of the uncivilized. We may be 
 enthusiastic about the spirit of the age and the wonders 
 of the 19th century. These sentiments are right,, but 
 they do nothing for the cause of progress unless they lead 
 us to build School Houses and to provide money to com- 
 
IX 
 
 pensate intelligent Teachers. We must therefore leave 
 abstract discussions and come to practical detail. My 
 advice most emphatically is, to each Commissioner and 
 and to each Board of School Commissioners, to give all 
 possible attention, and secure all attainable means to 
 buildinr( the teacher's workshop ; provide the necessary 
 working tools, putting every thing into good order for 
 successful work, and then, with competent workmen and 
 under vigilant supervision, besfin the work. 
 
 As soon as we have secured these material requisites, 
 we can begin. The Normal School, the Text-Book Sys- 
 tem, School Libraries, District Meetings, Teachers Insti- 
 tutes and Associations, High Schools and Colleges will 
 come in and make complete the system of Public Instruc- 
 tion So important do I consider the School House, pro- 
 perly located and well furnished, to be to any degree of 
 success, that I would recommend School to be open only 
 six months in each year, if necessary, that funds may be 
 accumulated to erect proper buildings. 
 
 But in this work we expect the co-operation of the 
 citizens. The women of the District must be enlisted in 
 the good cause. By contributions, by fairs, pic-nics and 
 such like means, funds can be raised, and neat School 
 houses built, all over the State, which will be the 23ride of 
 each neighborhood, and attract the attention of strangers 
 to tht? zeal of the people in the educational progress, and 
 the determination of parents to secure for their children 
 reasonable personal comforts with the necessary aids and 
 encouragements to the acquisition of knowledge. 
 
 These ideas are expressed in a condensed tabular form 
 in my first Report to the General Assembly of Mary- 
 land, page 128, and are here repeated. 
 
The Four Elements which constitute a Good Pri- 
 mary ScHOooL, and without which this System of Public 
 Instruction will fail of great results, are : 
 
 L— A SUITABLE SCHOOL SITE. 
 IL— A CONVENIENT SCHOOL HOUSE. 
 TIL— A WELL QUALIFIED TEACHER. 
 IV.— AN EARNEST AND INTELLIGENT SUPERVISION. 
 
 I.— The ScJiool Site: 
 
 Remote from noise and that routine work which attracts the 
 attention of children. 
 
 II. — The School House. 
 
 1. — Neatly built with Architectural proportions. 
 
 2. Furnished comfortably with reference to Physiological 
 
 Laws. 
 
 3. Equipped with Black Board, Outline Maps, Text-Books 
 
 and cheap Educational Apparatus. 
 
 4. Well warmed, lighted and ventilated. 
 
 Wl.— The Teacher: 
 
 1. A thorough knowledge of the subjects to be taught. 
 
 2. Skill in the art, and love for the work of teaching. 
 
 3. Capacity to govern, cheerful temperament, of good manners, 
 
 IV. — -Su^yervision : 
 
 1. Earnest, by some gentleman interested in Public Schools, 
 
 2. Intelligent, by some gentleman capable to judge of Teach- 
 
 ing. 
 
 3. Vigilant, by some gentleman who will devote time to 
 
 the work. 
 
 The best Teacher accomplishes little if his School room be incon- 
 venient and badly furnished. He is like the mechanic who has 
 neither shop nor tools. The best Teacher becomes listless if his 
 work is never inspected. He is discouraged if no person manifests 
 interest in his School, and notes the progress of his Pupils. 
 
XI 
 
 In many sections of the State there are few resident 
 teachers competent to instruct, thoroughly, in all the 
 branches of study designated in the law. Until the Nor- 
 mal Schools and Teachers Institutes have furnished quali- 
 fied home teachers for every city and county, we must 
 depend upon those who come to the District to take 
 charge of the School. 
 
 Many applications have been made at the Superintend- 
 ents office for Schools, chiefly by young Vv'omen. Of these 
 several have, at the request of Commissioners, been sent to 
 the Counties. 
 
 To meet future demands a Register has been opened 
 in which the names and references of applicants will be 
 entered. Should any Commissioner have occasion to ask 
 the aid of the Superintendent, he must state distinctly the 
 location of the School, the probable salary, the price of 
 board near to the School, and such other facts as will give 
 the teacher a definite idea both of duties, emoluments and 
 personal comforts connected with a hoirva. This last is 
 of great importance for women teachers, none of whom 
 are willinof or ouofht to sfo to a distant District, without 
 having first the assurance of board in an agreeable family. 
 This arrangement must be made by the Commissioner or 
 School Visiior,'and, if well made, will retain the services 
 of competent teachers when they are secured. Itinerant 
 Teachers are not generally successful. They form no 
 social ties. They do not become acquainted with parents 
 and children at home. Their personal influence. is slight, 
 and so their efficiency in the School room. Pleasant homes 
 will not only attract Teachers, but will induce them to be- 
 come permanent resident?- Thus, interest in the pupils 
 will be strengthened, opportunities of usefulness increased, 
 an] authority exeited with success, increased by co-opera- 
 tion of parents and a knowledge of the character of the 
 younsf students As a oreneral rule, the Teacher should 
 
Xll 
 
 be a resident among the patrons of the School, and when 
 ever practicable a permanent resident. 
 
 The employment of women Teachers in our Primary 
 Schools, and even in Schools of higher grade, is rapidly 
 becoming a matter of necessity. The increased demand 
 for labor in every department of industrial occupation, 
 and the high wages given to skilled mechanics and com- 
 petent clerks, attract young men. They are vacating 
 the School room. The experience is the same in every 
 State. 
 
 An examination of the statistics of various Normal 
 Schools, developes the fact that three-fourths of the stu- 
 dents who are qualifying themselves for the work of the 
 Teacher, are young women. Thus it becomes evident 
 that, in common with the Schools in other States, we must 
 expect to employ, to a large extent, women Teachers. 
 In some sections objection is urged that they cannot 
 govern bad boys — or, to use the popular phrase, " the 
 big boys who go to School during the winter." The 
 answer to this is, that boys who are too big to behave 
 themselves, are not fit subjects for School discipline. 
 They ought not to be admitted even if the Teacher has 
 muscle enough to win in a fight. But the idea that women 
 Teachers cannot maintain perfect discipline, is an error. 
 It is one of the ideas that experience is rendering obsolete. 
 They govern by an influence that is more potent than 
 muscle or rude words, and by systematic mildness exert 
 a controlling power over the largest as w^ell as smallest 
 scholars. Women are also more patient and persevering 
 as Teachers. The necessity, therefore, of employing 
 them may be regarded as a benefit. We must make the 
 experiment. When once faiily tried old prejudices will 
 pass away, and they who are the natural educators of the 
 young will be esteemed for their works' sake, be recog- 
 nized as the friend of the children, and valued for the 
 
Xlll 
 
 good example which, in School and out of School, they 
 exhibit to the pupils committed to their care. 
 
 Giving attention to the points referred to, and striving 
 to elevate teachers to their appropriate position as mem- 
 bers of society, we will do much for them, for our chil- 
 dren and for ourselves. It will be a privilege, from year 
 to year, to record progress — to see old and unworthy pre- 
 judices disappear, and with the development of the masses 
 of the people, morally and intellectually, hail the day of 
 durable prosperity such as can only exist in communities 
 educated and enlightened. 
 
 Upon the Teachers, into whose hands these By-Laws 
 will be placed, and to whose duties they refer, a solemn 
 responsibility rests. After the School authorities have 
 done all that devolves upon them, the full success of the 
 work depends upon the Teachers. Encourage them to 
 enter upon their work as a sacred mission. They deal 
 with the tender mind and conscience. They impart ideas 
 of right and wrong which will remain through life 
 Thoughts impressed in early childhood are never erased. 
 Habits of system, neatness and courtesy, may be formed at 
 School. The Teacher has the plastic wax and may mould 
 it at his will. Thus the daily routine duties of class and 
 School room work give the Teacher power. It is the pro- 
 vince of the Commissioner and of the Visitor, to see that 
 so great power be exercised for the greatest attainable 
 good. Therefore no immorality or negligence, or even 
 rudeness, is to be tolerated. The Teacher must not only 
 instruct properly, but live properly. In School and out 
 of School the example must be good, that the dignity of 
 the vocation of teaching may be preserved, youth trained 
 in the paths of virtue and knowledge, and become a com- 
 fort to their parents, a credit to their preceptors and, in 
 process of time, an honor to the State. 
 
 To this end we labor. To this the Superintendent, with 
 all the energy he possesses, will devote his thoughts and 
 
XIV 
 
 time. He feels the importance of his position. He re- 
 gards it as a noble mission. He commences determined 
 to work on, not discouraged by opposition, not dismayed 
 by obstacles, not disheartened by misrepresentations, but 
 fully convinced, with perfect faith, that in process of time 
 success will crown our efforts, and under the wise guid- 
 ance of the able State Board of Education, with the aid of 
 liberal minded and earnest Commissioners, a System of 
 Public Instruction will be developed for Maryland equal 
 to the best in any State of the Nation. 
 
 L. VAN BOKKELEN, 
 
 State Sup. Pub. Inst. 
 Baltimore, October, 1865. 
 
BT-LA¥S, RULES & REGULATIOJs'S 
 
 FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE 
 
 \MXih »t Mtml €m%mmmm 
 
 AND THE 
 
 JPtiMic Schools of llaryland. 
 
 BT AUTHORITY OP THE STATE BOARD OE EDTJCATI0:N\ 
 
 [Laws of ]865, Chap. 160, Title 1. Chap. 1, Sec. 2. The State 
 Board shall issue a uniform Code of By-Laws for the Government of 
 all the County School Boards, and the Schools and High Schools 
 under their charge.] 
 
 Article I. — The, Boards of School Commissioners. 
 
 Section 1. There shall be stated meetings of the Boards 
 of School Commissioners of each County, on the first Wed- 
 Tiesday after the I5th day of November and April, and 
 on the first Wednesday after the first Tuesdav in February 
 and July. Special meetings may be convened by the 
 President, he giving cJt least five days notice. 
 
 Sec. 2. The Board shall have power to determine all 
 questions of dispute arising in the administration of tlie 
 School laws. An accurate record must be made of each 
 case decided, that, -if an appeal be taken to the State 
 Superintendent, all the facts may be reported. 
 
Sec. 3. The salaries of teachers and all the incidental 
 expenses of the Schools, shall be paid by order of the 
 Board, at the end of each term. If the public money be 
 not sufficient, the Board is authorized to borrow what 
 may be needed, and to issue its note signed by the Presi- 
 dent and endorsed by the Treasurer. 
 
 Sec. 4. The business of the Board shall be transacted 
 in the following order: 
 
 1. The President shall take the chair when a legal quo- 
 rum of the Board has assembled, shall call the Board to 
 order, and require the members to be seated. 
 
 2. The Secretary shall call the roll, note the absentees, 
 and read thc' journal of proceedings of the last meeting. 
 
 3. Reports from the Commissioners of the respective 
 Districts, after the manner and form prescribed, shall 
 be received and referred to the Committee on Ac- 
 counts. 
 
 4. Statements of accounts for the last term, shall be 
 made by the Treasurer. 
 
 5. All claims against the Board shall be presented, con- 
 sidered, referred, approved or rejected. 
 
 6. Reports from standing or special committees shall 
 be received. 
 
 7. Each Commissioner shall be called upon, in the order 
 of Districts, to make a record of such business as he pur- 
 poses to bring before the Board for deliberation or action 
 during the meeting ; ard the President shall decide, if 
 there be any difference of opinion, which business shall 
 have precedence. 
 
 8. All propositions and resolutions shall be made in 
 writing, and if seconded, may be discussed, referred, or 
 otherwise disposed of. 
 
 9. No member shall speak more than twice upon any 
 question, unless by permission of the Board. Every mem- 
 ber addressing the chair shall rise from his seat, and no 
 
conversation between two members of the Board sball be 
 permitted. 
 
 10. No motion shall be in order, raising a new question, 
 until the question before the B >ard shall have been dis- 
 posed of — and all motions with reference to the question 
 before the Board shall be received in the following order 
 of precedence, to wit: to lay on the table; for the pre- 
 vious question; to postpone; to commit; to amend. 
 
 11. Any motion admitting of division into two or more 
 distinct questions, may be so divided at the request of a 
 member. 
 
 12 Any member may call for a division, and the yeas 
 and nays upon any question shall be recorded when called 
 for by three members. 
 
 13. A motion to adjourn shall be always in order. 
 
 14 A motion to reconsider a vote shall be made only 
 by a member who voted in the majority. 
 
 15. In addition to the foregoing rules, the rules o"ene- 
 rally adopted by deliberative bodies for their government, 
 are declared to be in force for the government of the 
 Board. 
 
 Sec. 5. The Boards shall, on the 15th day of October 
 of each year, report to the State Superintendent in such 
 form as he may prescribe, the condition of all the Schools 
 under th<'ir care, embodying abstracts from the reports 
 of District Commissioners, suggesting such improve- 
 ments in the School System as they may deem use.'ful, 
 and giving such other information in regard to public in- 
 struction as may be of public interest. 
 
 They shall also report the number of private Schools, 
 Academies and Colleges in the County or City, their 
 course of study, number of pupils, boys and girls, and 
 all other information, in such form as the State vSuper- 
 intendent may prescribe, so as to present a full view 
 of their educational facilities. A duplicate copy of this 
 
report shall be deposited in the office of the Clerk of the 
 Circuit Court of the County, or for the City of Baltimore 
 with the Clerk of the Superior Court, who shall safely 
 keep it 
 
 Sec. 6. The Board may call a special meeting of the 
 resident voters of any School District at any time during 
 the year, to be held at the School house. Of such meet- 
 ing at least two weeks notice must be giv^n by advertise- 
 ment in the County newspaper, and be posted upon the 
 School house door, at the post office, and two other 
 places of public resort within the District. The object of 
 the meeting shall be clearly stated, and none other shall 
 be voted upon except that for which the special meeting 
 has been convened. 
 
 Article II. — The President. 
 
 Sec. 1. It shall be the duty of the President to preside 
 and keep ordt-r at the meetings of the Board, and to en- 
 force the rules adopted for its government; if from any 
 cause he should be absent, the Board shall appoint a 
 chairman pro tem. 
 
 Slc. 2. He may speak and vot^e upon any question, e\ 
 cept in case of appeal from his decision. 
 
 Sec. 3. The President shall constitute a medium of 
 communication between the State Superintendent of PuU 
 lie Instruction and the subordinate School officers and the 
 Schools It shall be his duty to visit, as often as may 
 be practicable, tlie Schools of the County, to examine the 
 pupils, to enquire into all matters relating to the man- 
 agement, the course of study and the mode of instuclion 
 and discipline, so that each School shall be equal to the 
 grade for which it was established, and that there may 
 be uniformity in the course of study. 
 
 2. He shall, as opportunity offers, address the people 
 in their School Districts on the importance of Public In- 
 
struction, and endeavor to enlist their interest in the 
 Schools and their teachers, and make such suggestions as 
 he may think important to be considered in the Annual 
 School District Meeting for the purpose of increasing the 
 efficiency of discipline as well as the comfort of the 
 pupils. 
 
 3. He shall examine into the condition of the School 
 houses, sites, out-buildings and appendages, examine the 
 District Libraries; advise with and counsel the School 
 officers of the District in relation to their duties: suo-o-est 
 methods for warming and ventilating School houses, 
 adorning School grounds, recommend to teachers im- 
 proved modes of instruction, and use every effort to ad- 
 vance the cause of Public Instruction and carry out the 
 advice and instruction of the State Superintendent. 
 
 4. He shall organize and conduct once in each year, 
 for his own County, at such time as, after conference with 
 the State Superintendent, may be designated, a Teachers' 
 Institute at some central locality in the County, to which 
 access is convenient, and where the Teachers will receive 
 the encouragement of hospitality. In this work the 
 President will be aided by a Professor from the Normal 
 School, or by some practical Teacher appointed by the 
 State Superintendent. 
 
 5. He shall also encourage and assist at Teachers' 
 Associations, to be convened at least four times in each 
 year, on the last Saturday of some month, in each Com- 
 missioner District, or such Districts united ; requiring the 
 attendance of the Teachers of the District for the pur- 
 pose of mutual conference and instruction in their duties. 
 
 Sec. 4. He shall, by himself, or together with a Pro- 
 fessor of the Normal School or some other practical 
 teacher designated by the State Superintendent — examine 
 and license Teachers, whose certificates shall be of effect 
 for three years from date — re-examine any teacher hold- 
 1* 
 
6 
 
 ing his or his predecessor's certificate, aud if he find him 
 deficient in learning or ability, annul the certificate. 
 
 Sec. 5. He shall appoint three standing committees 
 to serve for the two ensuing years, viz : a committee of 
 two on Accounts, a committee of two on Books and Sta- 
 tionery and a committee of two on School Houses and 
 Sites, and School Furniture. 
 
 Sec. 6. He shall sign all drafts ordered by the Board, 
 authorizing the Treasurer to receive money for the use of 
 the Public Schools, and all orders authorizing the dis- 
 bursement of money by the Tm=;,irer, 
 
 Sec. 7. Whenever it is impfacticable for the President 
 to examine thoroughly an applicant for the position of 
 teacher, or he may deem it advisable to defer the exami- 
 nation and allow the applicant to teach on probation, the 
 President shall issue to the person applying a permit for 
 not more than sixty days, during or at the termination of 
 which period an examination must be held- 
 
 Article III. Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 Sec 1. The Secretary and Treasurer shall be elected 
 by ballot, at the stated meeting in July of each 3'^ear, or 
 at some subsequent meeting held by special appointment. 
 
 Sec. 2. He shall take charge of and keep open the 
 office of the Board, on such days and at such hours as 
 the Board may direct. 
 
 Sec. 3. It shall be his duty to countersign all drafts 
 ordered by the Board and signed by the President, for 
 money for the use of the Public Schools. 
 
 Sec. 4. He shall receipt for all money received, and 
 deposit it to his credit as Treasurer, as directed by the 
 Board — keeping an accurate account of the same, dis- 
 tingruishing the particular source from which it has been 
 leceived, and di.-jburse the same according to the order of 
 
the Board, making the same distinction in his disburse-, 
 ments. 
 
 Sec. 5. He shall render to the Board, at each stated 
 meeting, an account of receipts and disbursements. 
 
 Sec. 6. He shall keep a fair and accurate record of 
 the proceedings of the Board, and file and preserve all 
 reports in writing, all accounts, and other written or 
 printed matter from time to time laid before the Board, 
 subject at all times to the examination of any member, 
 and shall make a general report of the state of such ac- 
 counts annually. 
 
 Sec. 7. He shall receive and keep safely all deedsp 
 notes, bonds or evidences of debt due the Board, and 
 render an account thereof whenever the Board shall re- 
 quire it. 
 
 Sec. 8. He shall record legibly all the receipts and 
 expenditures of the Board, keeping a particular account 
 of the expenses of each District, in books provided for 
 that purpose and preserved in the office of the Board, 
 
 Sec. 9. He shall order such books and stationery as 
 may be necessary for the general use of the Board and 
 office, and by order of a Commissioner subject to such 
 rules as the Board may have adopted, shall procure, 
 through the Superintendent, from the State Agents or 
 the publishers, books and stationery for the use of Schools. 
 All such orders shall be filed, and the books and stationery 
 charged to the District for which the order was given. 
 
 Sec. 10. He shall keep an account of books and station- 
 ery with each School, distinct from all other accounts for 
 salaries or incidental expenses, noting the cost of books 
 and the receipts from sale or use. 
 
 Article IV. — The Commissioners. 
 
 Sec. 1. Each Commissioner shall exercise a general 
 supervision aver the Schools in his District, and shall 
 
Visit aLnd examine into their general condition at least 
 once in every term, and report thereon at each quarterly 
 meeting of the Board. 
 
 Sec. 2. He shall account for all money coming into his 
 hands as Commissioner from any source, and shall file 
 with the Treasurer receipted bills as vouchers of the 
 faithful disbursement of all funds appropriated to his 
 District. 
 
 Sec. 3. Each Commissioner shall report to the Board 
 at its stated meetings, (on forms provided for the purpose,) 
 the number of pupils attending School — boys and girls— 
 the salary of each teacher, the incidental expenses of each 
 School, and the amount received for text books. He shall 
 also report the condition of School houses and School fur- 
 niture, and what amount, if any, is needed for repairs and 
 improvements. 
 
 Seg. 4. He shall (by and with the consent of the Board,) 
 appoint, from the list of persons holding registered certi- 
 ficates, teachers to take charge of the Schools in his Dis- 
 trict, subject to removal by the Board for good and suffi- 
 cient cause. 
 
 Sec. 5. He shall hear and decide upon all complaints 
 or charges made against any teacher in his District, and 
 in case of misconduct on the part of a teacher, shall have 
 power to punish the same by admonition, or, in extreme 
 cases, by the suspension of the teacher from his functions, 
 until the next nieeting of the Board, (when the case shall 
 be heard, and finally determined,) and to employ a proper 
 person to fill the place of the teacher so suspended, who 
 shall receive the salary which such teacher would have 
 received. He shall also have poWer to order the dis- 
 missal of any pupil, for good and sufficient cause. 
 
 Sec. 6 If a vacancy occur in any Commissioner Dis- 
 trict by resignation, death or otherwise, all the duties of 
 the office shall be performed by the President of the 
 
Board of School Commissioners, until another Commis- 
 sioner is appointed by the State Board of Education. 
 The President shall be the District Commissioner ad 
 interim, 
 
 A.RTICLE V. — School Visitor. 
 
 Sec. 1. There shall be appointed by each District Com- 
 missioner, for each School in his district, to serve one 
 year, one person of good moral character and zeal m 
 public instruction, to act as School Visitor. 
 
 Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Visitor to aid the 
 Commissioner in the supervision of the School property 
 and the advancement of the interests of the pupils. He 
 may visit the School as often as convenient, note the pro- 
 gress of the pupils and the conduct of the teacher, and 
 report the same to the Commissioner. 
 
 Sec 3. The Visitor will act as the friend and adviser 
 of the teacher, and adopt such plans as his judgment may 
 suggest and the Commissioner may approve, to advance 
 the cause of public instruction ; to secure supplies of arti- 
 cles needed for comfort of the pupils, and to encourage 
 parents and guardians to send their children and vvards 
 regularly to School. 
 
 Sec. 4. The Visitor shall examine the term report 
 of the teaciier before th • report is sent to the Commis- 
 sion r, and shall endorse thoreon his o[)iniou concerning 
 the same. 
 
 Article VI. — Teachers 
 
 Sec. 1. It sh-iU be the duty of teachers to give punctual 
 and constant attendance in School at the hours specihed ; 
 to have the School room well swept, daily, and well 
 warmed in winter; to give their perso.jal attention and 
 
10 
 
 instruction to the pupils during the whole of said School 
 hours. They will be held responsible for the order of the 
 School and progress of the pupils. [ They shall receive 
 respectfully, and give due weight to the admonition, ad- 
 vice or instructions of the Commissioner of the District, 
 and submit to his arbitration all difficulties arising in the 
 government of the School. 
 
 Sec 2. They shall keep a record of the daily attend- 
 ance of themselves and each pupil, in a time book provided 
 for that purpose, which shall be preserved and submitted 
 to the inspection of the President, Commissioner and 
 Visitor whenever desired ; and make a term report 
 to the Commissioner, (on blanks provided for that pur- 
 pose,) of the number and names of the pupils attending 
 School during the term, giving the exact date of the 
 entrance and withdrawal of each pupil, and the actual 
 number of days each pupil attended during the term, 
 designating the number of boys and girls, the amount of 
 fees received, for use of books, &c. This report must 
 contain the teacher's bill for salary, and the incidental ex- 
 penses of the School, and be delivered to the Commis- 
 sioner, endorsed by the Visitor, three days before the 
 stated meeting of the Board. Monthly reports shall 
 be rendered, if required by the Commissioner. (See Ap- 
 pendix.) 
 
 Sec, 3. Every teacher shall swear or affirm to his or 
 her report and account, before a Justice of the Peace or 
 a School Commissioner. 
 
 Sec. \. For each day's absence from School without 
 good and sufficient cause, the teacher shall forfeit the pro- 
 portionate amount of salary. 
 
 Sec 5. If any penalty be inflicted upon a teacher by 
 the Commissioner of the District, such teacher shall be 
 entitled to receive a specification in writing of the alleged 
 offence, and shall have the right of appeal to the IBoard at 
 its next meeting. 
 
11 
 
 Sec. 6. If any teacher vacate his School before the 
 close of the term without the consent of the Commis- 
 sioner, he shall forfeit the salary already accrued for the 
 current term, and be disqualified, for any future service 
 under this Board. 
 
 Sec. 7. Any teacher in the employment of this Board 
 who shall refuse to vacate the School when regularly 
 notified of his suspension by the Commissioner of the Dis- 
 trict, shall forfeit all claim for compensation for services 
 during the term in which such suspension shall take 
 place, and be thereafter ineligible to any School under the 
 control of this Board, unless reinstated. 
 
 Sec. 8. Every teacher shall keep an account of the 
 books and stationery furnished each pupil for use, and 
 shall require the return of the same when the child leaves 
 School, and if refused, he shall inform the Commissioner. 
 The teacher will be held responsible for the safe-keeping 
 and good condition of the books and stationery belonging 
 to the Board. 
 
 Sec. 9 No teacher shall grant the use of books or 
 stationery to any pupil, unless the fee for the use of said 
 books and stationery has been paid ; nor sell any books or 
 stationery except for cash. 
 
 Sec. 10. Each teacher, as the agent of the Board, shall 
 collect and account for all book and stationery money. 
 
 Sec. 11. The teachers shall purchase, when necessary, 
 such articles as are allowed by Section seven of Article 
 nine, and shall pay for them out of money received for 
 books and stationery, and present receipted bills for the 
 same, placing the amount under the head of incidental 
 expenses in their term reports. 
 
 Sec. 12. Every teacher shall make out and furnish to 
 the Commissioner, an inventory of the books and station- 
 ery in the School at the expiration of each term ; also 
 an inventory of the books and stationery needed for the 
 ensuing term. 
 
12 
 
 Sec. 13. If a teacher wishes to vacate the School at the 
 end of the term, ten days notice must be given to the 
 Commissioner. If any teacher leave without giving 
 notice, he shall be disqualified to serve again under this 
 Board, except by unanimous consent. 
 
 Sec. 14. No teacher is eligible to an appointment under 
 this Board without having a registered certificate from 
 the President or State Superintendent, or a diploma of the 
 State Normal School. The legal age of men teachers is 
 20 years, of women teachers 18 years. 
 
 Article Y 11.-^ Committees. 
 
 Sec. 1. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Ac- 
 counts to examine the reports of teachers and School Com- 
 missioners, and all accounts that may be presented relating 
 to the Public Schools, and report the result to the Board. 
 
 Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Books 
 and Stationery to report to the Board at the stated meet- 
 ing in July of each year, the books and stationery fit for 
 use in each School, and an estimate of the number of each 
 kind of text books and the quantity of stationery needed 
 for the ensuing School year ; from which report the Board 
 may make up its statement to the Superintendent with the 
 schedule of books and stationery required for use in the 
 County. 
 
 Sec. 3. The Committee on School Houses, Furniture 
 and Sites, shall consist of the President, a Commis- 
 sioner, each for his own District, and the Treasurer. They 
 shall make all contracts for buildings, and superintend 
 the work. 
 
 For School Houses in the District of w^hich the Presi- 
 dent is the Commissioner, the Board shall select the third 
 member of the committee. 
 
13 
 
 No School House shall be built without authority of 
 the Board first obtained, and a specific appropriation for 
 payment of the same. 
 
 Article VIII. — Children, Parents and Guardians 
 
 Sec. 1. No pupil will be admitted under six years 
 of age, nor unless decently and comfortably clothed. 
 
 Sec. 2. Pupils must enter promptly at the beginninoj' of 
 each term. None will be admitted after the middle of the 
 term, unless they have been kept from School by illness. 
 
 Sec. 3. No part of the book fee will be returned in 
 case of the dismissal, expulsion, or voluntary withdrawal 
 of any pupil. With the consent of the Commissioners, 
 pupils may be transferred from one school to another 
 during the term. 
 
 Sec. 4. Any pupil who may be prevented by pro- 
 tracted sickness — say one month — from attending school 
 during the term, for which payment has been made in 
 advance, shall be entitled to a proportionate deduction in 
 the book fee of the succeeding term. 
 
 Sec. 5 Parents and guardians are expected to re- 
 quire punctual attendance of their children or wards at 
 school ; to keep them well and comfortably clothed, so 
 that the school will always present a respectable appear- 
 ance. They are expressly required, on no account, to 
 interfere with teachers in the discharge of their duties, 
 but to lodge all complaints before the Commissioner of 
 the District, by whom they will be attended to. 
 
 Sec. 6. Parents and guardians must exercise strict 
 vigilance over their children or wards, and prevent them 
 from defacing, destroying, or losing any of the books 
 belonging to the Public Schools, and see that all books 
 and stationery are returned when the child leaves school. 
 Parents will be required to replace or pay for all books 
 2 
 
14 
 
 retained; destroyed or lost; tliey will be held responsible 
 and required to pay for all damages done by their chil- 
 dren or wards to school houses, school furniture, trees, 
 fences, &'c. 
 
 Sec. 9. Smoking, chewing tobacco, carrying fire arms 
 or other dangerous weapons, either in the school house 
 or on the premises, are strictly forbidden. 
 
 Sec. 10. No pupil shall be received into School unless 
 properly vaccinated. 
 
 See Appendix, 
 
 Article IX. — The Government of Schools. 
 
 Sec. *1. The system of instruction and the text-books 
 shall be uniform throughout the State, and shall embrace 
 the following branches, viz : Orthography, Reading, 
 Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, History, English Gram- 
 mar, Book-keeping, Algebra, Natural Philosophy and 
 such other branches as the Commissioner, with the con- 
 sent of the Board may select. Each pupil must pursue 
 the prescribed course of study. 
 
 Sec. 2. The School year shall be divided into four 
 terms. The Fall term from September 1st, to Novem- 
 ber l5th. The Winter term from November 16th, to 
 .January 31st. The Spring term from February 1st, to 
 April 15th, The Summer term from April I6lh, to June 
 30th. 
 
 Sec. 3. All Books or Stationery purchased or used 
 by pupils attending any public school, shall be paid 'for 
 in advance at the rates prescribed by each County 
 Board. 
 
 Sec. 4. The salaries of Teachers shall be determined 
 by each Board of School Commissioners for its own 
 County ; but they shall be calculated as follows. 
 
 There shall be a fixed minimum Salary, per term, for 
 every School coniyiniiig not more than 15 pupils. For 
 
each additional pupil over 1-5 and up to 25 there shall be 
 an increase of salary from $1.50 to S2.00 per term as the 
 Board may decide. For every pupil over 25 and up to 
 35, an addition from $1.00 to $1.50 per term; for all 
 pupils over 35, an addition of $1.00 until the maximum 
 is reached. 
 
 See Formula in Appendix. 
 
 Sec. 5. School shall be opened daily, five days in each 
 week, and for six hours each day. 
 
 Sec. 6. There shall be a public examination of the 
 pupils in each school in the last week of each term, 
 which shall be superintended by the Visitor, and to 
 which the parents and guardians of the pupils, and the 
 public generally, shall be invited. 
 
 Sec. 7. The Commissioner may order the following 
 articles for the comfort, convenience and security of the 
 school, viz. — Fuel, axes, saws, water-buckets, drinking- 
 cups, wash-basins, towels, soap, locks and fastenings, 
 glass and glazing, brooms, dusting-brushes and white- 
 washing and cleaning once a year — all of which shall be 
 paid for out of the book fees accruing to the school, and 
 charged among incidental expenses. 
 
 Sec. 8. Whenever a school has less than twelve regis- 
 tered scholars, it maybe discontinued; and this at any 
 period of the current term. 
 
 Sec. 9. The Commissioner Districts shall be num- 
 bered. First, Second, Third and so on. The Schools 
 within the limits of each Commissioner District shall also 
 be numbered from one and upwards. Schools shall be 
 designated as follows : 
 
 School No. 1, 2. or 3, of Commissioner District No. 1. 
 
 School No. 1, 2, or 3, of Commissioner District No. 2. 
 The number of Schools in each Commissioner District 
 should as near as practicable, be equal. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 RULES RELATING TO TEACHERS. 
 
 1 . All Teachers and Assistants are required to be in their 
 School rooms fifteen minutes before the hour of opening 
 School, and to have the School room thoroughly swept daily, 
 and well warmed in winter. 
 
 2. Teachers are not allowed to attend to any business 
 during School hours, except that which appertains to the 
 School, nor to be occupied with any subject of private study 
 or reading. 
 
 3. Teachers are required to report to the School Commis- 
 sioner of the District at the end of each term the condition 
 of their Schools, and oftener, if requested. They shall notify 
 parents of the absence of pupils who do not bring a written 
 explanation of the cause of absence. They shall record and 
 present to the Commissioner, when he visits the School, the 
 names of disorderly and negligent pupils. 
 
 4. Teachers must not allow themselves to be interrupted 
 by the visits of any person, during school hours, except the 
 President of the Board of School Commissioners, a Schoo 
 Commissioner, or the School Visitor. 
 
 5. Teachers shall neither receive from parents nor send 
 to them verbal messages regarding discipline, but all such 
 messages must be in writing. 
 
 9* 
 
18 
 
 6. Teachers must keep a correct account of the Books 
 and Stationery procured for their schools, and must report 
 to the Commissioner the Books and Stationery on hand at 
 the end of each term, the number sold, and amount received 
 from sales or for use of Books. 
 
 7. Teachers are not required to hear the recitations of 
 dilatory pupils or those who are not prepared at the regular 
 time for recitation, unless it can be done without interrupt- 
 ing the regular School duty. 
 
 8. Teachers are authorized to suspend pupils who are per- 
 sistently disobedient or immoral in their conduct, but must 
 promptly report the case with the charges to the Commis- 
 sioner for his action. 
 
 9. Complaints against Teachers must be made to the Com- 
 missioner in writing, and shall not be acted upon until the 
 Teacher has been notified ; when such complaints shall be 
 thoroughly investigated, and if not sustained shall be 
 promptly dismissed. 
 
 10. Tn no case shall a patron of the School, who has reason 
 to complain of the discipline or conduct of the Teacher, make 
 such complaint in the presence of the pupils. The Com- 
 missioner is the only person authorized to hear and deter- 
 mine charges against Teachers. From the Commissioner's 
 decision an appeal may be taken to the Board. 
 
 11. If any parent or guardian shall abuse a Teacher, by 
 the use of offensive language, or shall use any means to in- 
 timidate him from exercising proper discipline, the Teacher 
 may suspend from School privileges the children of such 
 parent or guardian until the case can be heard and deter- 
 mined by the Commissioner. 
 
 12 Teachers may purchase, by order of the Commis- 
 sioner, the following articles for the use of the School, viz : 
 Fuel, axes, saws, water-buckets., drinking cups, wash basins, 
 towels, soap, locks and fastenings, and glass for windows, 
 and iii;',}' h;ivc tlic School roinn white-wnshed and cleaned 
 
19 
 
 once a year, all of which shall be paid for out of any money 
 received on iiccoant of books, and shall be charired in the 
 bill for incidental expenses, which shall be accompanied by 
 the proper vouchers. 
 
 RULES RELATING TO PUPILS. 
 
 1. The privilege of attending the Public Schools shall 
 depend upon the pupil's observance of the Rules and Regu- 
 lations, and the parents' compliance with what is required of 
 them. 
 
 2. E:!ch pupil shall pay in advance for the use of Books, 
 unless released by the Commissioner, 
 
 3. Punctual attendance is required at the hours appointed 
 for opening of School, A. M and P. M. When a pupil 
 comes into School after his class has recited the day's lesson, 
 the Teacher shall not neglect other duties to hear his recita- 
 tion alone. 
 
 4. In case of absence, pupils must bring notes from their 
 parents explaining the cause of the same 
 
 5. Any pupil who, being frequently absent from School, 
 is unable to keep up with his class, shall be reported to the 
 Visitor for reprinmnd. If this does not secure regular at- 
 tendance, the pupil may be suspended and reported to the 
 Commissioner. 
 
 6. Pupils when entering or leaving the School room must 
 bow respectfully to the Teacher, They shall keep silence in 
 School and avoid all unnecessary noise while upon the school 
 premises. 
 
 7. No pupil shall be permitted to leave School before the 
 regular hour for closing, for any cause except sickness. 
 
 8. Pupils must conduct themselves with propriety during 
 recess, which shall be limited to ten minutes A. M. and P. M,, 
 and be at diflferent times for boys and girls. 
 
20 
 
 9. Pupils shall be considered under the government of 
 their Teachers, while going to and returning from, as well 
 as when in the School room 
 
 10. Pupils must leave the School premises as soon as 
 School is dismissed, and return promptly and quietly to their 
 homes. 
 
 11. Pupils must pursue the course of study as prescribed, 
 including all the branches suited to their age and advance- 
 ment. 
 
 12. Pupils shall prepare their recitations at home, and 
 when the exercise is not correctly performed, th'e delinquent 
 may be detained at recess and after the regular School hours 
 to make up the deficiency. 
 
 13. Every pupil shall strictly obey all the orders and 
 commands of the Teacher, and when any pupil refuses to 
 comply with such orders, the Teacher may inflict a reason- 
 able punishment, and in extreme cases may send the pupil 
 home with a note to the parents, informing them that their 
 child has refused obedience and thereby forfeited the privi- 
 leges of the School until the Commissioner grants permission 
 for return. The Teacher shall also notify the Commis- 
 sioner of the suspension of the pupil by sending him a copy 
 of the notice sent to the parent. 
 
 14 No pupil, who may have been expelled from one 
 School, shall be admitted into any other School, without a 
 permit from the Commissioner who ordered the expulsion. 
 
 15. The names of pupils who have often been reproved 
 for improper acts, or the use of profane and unchaste 
 language, shall be reported to the Commissioner. 
 
 16. Any pupil who shall deface or destroy any property 
 belonging to the School or to private individuals, shall be 
 required to pay for the same, and may be punished at the 
 discretfon of the Teacher. 
 
 17. Every act of truant-playing shall subject the offender 
 to reproof and admonition, and upon a repetition of the 
 
21 
 
 offence, the pupil shall be suspended and the case reported 
 to the Commissioner. 
 
 18. When a pupil is guilty of any immoral conduct, or 
 of using profane or indecent language injurious to the gen- 
 eral welfare of the School, the Teacher may send such pupil 
 home with a notice of suspension, until a permit is obtained 
 from the Commissioner. 
 
 19. Any pupil staying away from School on account of 
 having been punished, or from the fear of punishment, shall 
 not be allowed to return until a permit is obtained from the 
 Commissioner. 
 
 20. Smoking and chewing tobacco, and carrying fire arms 
 or other dangerous weapons, either in the School room or on 
 the School premises, are strictly forbidden, and any pupil 
 bringing to the School a dangerous weapon may be sus- 
 pended by the Teacher, and the case reported to the Com- 
 missioner. 
 
 21. When Books are placed in the hands of pupils for 
 use they shall have them neatly covered with muslin, calico^ 
 cloth or stout paper, and parents and guardians are required 
 to see that this rule is always observed. Parents and 
 guardians will be required to replace or pay for all Books 
 retained, destroyed or lost, and they will also be held respon- 
 sible and required to pay for all damages done by their chil- 
 dren or wards to School houses, School furniture, trees, 
 fences, &c. 
 
 22. The Fall term commences on the 1st day of Septem- 
 ber ; the Winter term commences on the 16th day of Novem- 
 ber ; the Spring term commences on the 1st day of February ; 
 the Summer term commences on the 16th day of April. 
 
 23. Teachers are requested to read these rules to the 
 whole School once in two weeks. 
 
S2 
 
 Extract from the State School Law, 
 
 "It shall be the duty of all Teachers, in Schools of every 
 grade, to impress upon the minds of youth committed to 
 their instruction, the principles of piety and justice, loyalty 
 and sacred regard for truth, love of their country, humanity 
 and benevolence, sobriety, industry and chastity, and those 
 virtues which are the basis upon which a Republican Consti- 
 tution is founded ; and it shall be the duty of such instruc- 
 tors to lead their pupils into a clear understandmg of the 
 tendency of these virtues, to preserve the blessings of liberty, 
 promote temporal happiness and advance the greatness of 
 the American Nation." 
 
 * » » » t 
 
 EXPLANATION OF THE 
 
 MODE OF MAEKING IN THE ROLL BOOK- 
 
 The Daily Register must be neatly kept, and marked 
 in the morning and afternoon. 
 
 When there is but one session of the school a day, the 
 Register must be marked in the same manner as it would 
 be if there were two sessions, treating the first half of the 
 session as the morning, and the latter as the afternoon. 
 
 The system of marking shall be that indicated in the 
 annexed diagram and explanations, the blank squares 
 denoting present all day and correct deportment: 
 

 
 ■ 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 1/ 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 4. 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 6 
 
 
 X 
 
 Correct deportment. 
 Present all dav. 
 
 Inattentive. 
 
 Present, but tardy in the morning and afternoon. 
 
 Idle. 
 
 Present, but tardy in the mornino-. 
 
 Disorderly. 
 
 Present, but t;rdy in the afternoon. 
 
 Disrespectful. 
 
 Absent in the morning. 
 
 General misconduct. 
 
 Absent in the afternoon. 
 
 Vicious conduct or profanity. 
 Absent all day. 
 
 Particular attention is directed to the manner of com- 
 bining the characters used in marking the Register. The 
 character denoting "Absence" is the most simple, being a 
 single slanting stroke downwards from right to left for 
 •'Absent in the morning," and a similar one from left to 
 riofht for "Absent in the afternoon." These two com- 
 bined form the oblique cross, and denote "Absent all 
 day." AVhen a pupil comes in after bein2: marked "Ab- 
 sent in the morn'ng," a horizontal line is made from left 
 to right across the top of the square connecting with the 
 slanting stroke, and converting it into the character for 
 "Present, but tardy in the morning." The character for 
 "Absent in the afternoon," is converted into the charac- 
 ter for "Present, but tardy in the afternoon," by a hori- 
 zontal stroke from left to right across the bottom of the 
 square. These two combined form the character fi^r 
 "Present, but tardy in the morning and afternoon." The 
 combination of the characters for " Absent" durino;' one 
 
24 
 
 session, and ** Present, but tardy,'' during the other ses- 
 sion, is not shown in the diagram, but will be easily un- 
 derstood by the intelligent Teacher. 
 
 The Teacher's attendance shall be denoted by entering 
 the day of the month in the small square under the initial 
 letter of f he day. The blank squares will then indicate 
 the Teacher's absence. 
 
 All departures from correct deportment will subject 
 the pupil to demerit marks, which must be denoted by 
 the figures in the diagram. 
 
 Each figure will indicate the number of demerit marks, 
 and will be charged for the offences set forth in the expla- 
 nations. These demerit marks must be entered in the 
 upper square at the end of each day. No more than six 
 demerits shall be charged against a pupil in one day, that 
 number indicating the worst conduct. 
 
 As the blank squares will indicate full and prompt 
 attendance and correct deportment, every Teacher shall 
 counsel the pupils to give no cause for marking the Reg- 
 ister; and those pupils whose line of squares contains no 
 marks at the end of the term, shall receive the decided 
 approbation of the Commissioner and Teacher, and the 
 Commissioner may present tneir names to the Board as 
 deserving some special mark of commendation. 
 
 Each branch studied by every pupil shall be indicated 
 by entering the figure denoting the branch opposite the 
 pupil's name. 
 
 Any Teacher who shall neglect to mark the Register 
 in a proper manner, in accordance with the aforegoing 
 directions, or shall permit it to i^e soiled by blots, or other 
 wise disfigured, shall be subject to reproval by the Com- 
 missioner. 
 
 It is understood to be the intent and meaning of the 
 following extract from the State School Law, that each 
 Teacher shall keep the Daily Register as herein directed, 
 and an account of the books purchased or used by the 
 
25 
 
 pupils, and make a report to the Commissioner at the 
 
 end of each term, on blanks prepared for that purpose, 
 
 giving- the name of each pupil, the date of entrance, 
 
 the numl)er of days attendance, the number of demerit, 
 
 marks, the branches studied by each pupil, the text-books 
 
 used or purchased, the amount received from each pupil 
 
 for the use or from the sale of text-boo-, s and station«'rv, 
 
 the number of each book on hand in good condition, rhn 
 
 number of pupils that entered school in the Fall Term. 
 
 the number that entered the Winter Term, exclusive of 
 
 those who entered the Fall Term; the number that entered 
 
 the Spring Term, exclusive of those who entered the 
 
 Fall and Winter Terms; the number that entered the 
 
 Summer Term, exclusive of those who entered the Fall, 
 
 Winter and Spring Terms; the number of boys and girls, 
 
 and the number studying each branch. This report must 
 
 contain the bill of expenses of the school for the term, 
 
 embracing the salary of the Teacher and Assistant^ (if 
 
 there be an Assistant,) and all incidental expenses. When 
 
 the amount received for books and stationery has been 
 
 allowed to remain in the hands of the Teacher, It must 
 
 be credited on the bill. 
 
 The Daily R,egister is to be preserved in the school 
 until it shall be filled with names, and then must be deliv- 
 ered to the Disti-ict Commissioner. 
 
 E,x^tract from the State School Law. 
 
 "Teachers shall keep, preserve and enter into Regis- 
 ters prepared for that purpose, an accurate account of 
 the attendance of pupils, text-books used, and branches 
 taught, and such other statistics as may be required, and 
 make due return thereof to the District Commissioner at 
 the end of each term; and no Teacher shall be entitled 
 to receive payment for services until the Register, pro- 
 perly filled up and completed, be so returned." 
 
26 
 
 TEXT-BOOKS 
 
 Adopted by the State Board of Education for use in the 
 Public Schools and High Schools of Maryland, 
 
 FOR PRI3IAItY AND GMAMMAB, SCHOOLS. 
 
 Sargent's Standard Speller. 
 
 Sargent's Pronouncing Spelling Book. 
 
 Lynd's Etymology. 
 
 Webster's School Dictionary. 
 
 Willson's Primer. 
 
 Willson's Headers, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4. 
 
 Sargent's Beader, Part 11, No. 4. 
 
 Willson's School and Family Charts. 
 
 Quackenbos' First Book in English Grammar, 
 
 Quackenbos' English Grammar. 
 
 Davies' Primary Arithmetic. 
 
 Davies' Intellectual Arithmetic. 
 
 Davies' Elements of Written Arithmetic. 
 
 Davies' Practical Arithmetic. 
 
 Davies' Elementary Algebra. 
 
 Walton's Arithmetical Cards and Key, 
 
 Cornell's First Steps in Geography. 
 
 Cornell's Primary Geography. 
 
 Cornell's Grammar School Geography. 
 
 Goodrich's Child's History of the United States. 
 
 Goodrich's Pictorial History of the United States. 
 
 Phelps' Philosophy for Beginners. 
 
 Phelps' Chemistry for Beginners. 
 
 Phelps' Botany for Beginners. 
 
 Northend's Little Orator. 
 
 Northend's Entertaining Dialogues. 
 
 Sargent's Standard Intermediate Speaker. 
 
 Payson, Dunton & Scribner's Penmanship. 
 
 Payson, Dunton & Scribner's Book-Keeping, Double and Single 
 Entry, 
 
 Bond's Copy Books, Nos. 1 and 2. 
 
21 
 
 Bond's Copy Slips. 
 
 School Boys' Infantry Tactics. 
 
 Wells' Science of Common Things. 
 
 FOR HIGM SCHOOLS. 
 
 In addition to those Text Books of the Grammar School List, 
 which may he used for High School Classes, 
 
 Wehster^s High School Dictionary. 
 
 Scholar's Companion. 
 
 Willson's Reader, Xo. 5. 
 
 Sargent's Evader. Part II. Xo. 5. 
 
 <3uackenbos' First Lessons in English Compositiom. 
 
 Quackenbos' Composition and Rhetoric, 
 
 Davies' University Arithmetic. 
 
 Davies' University Algebra. 
 
 Davies' Elements of Geometry and Trigonometry, 
 
 Davies' Legendre's Geometry. 
 
 Davies' Surveying and Xavigation. 
 
 Davies' Differential and Integral Calculus, 
 
 Cornell's High School Geography and Atlas. 
 
 Warren's Physical Geography. 
 
 Burritt's Geography of the Heavens, and Atlas, 
 
 Smith's Student's History of Greece, 
 
 Liddell's Student's History of Rome. 
 
 Worcester's Elements of Universal History, 
 
 AYells' Natural Philosophy. 
 
 Wells' Elements of Chemistry. 
 
 Wells' Elements of Geology, 
 
 Lincoln's Botany. 
 
 Brockelsby's Elements of Astronomy. 
 
 Emerson's Manual of Agriculture. 
 
 Hart's Constitution of the United States, 
 
 Philbrick's Union Speaker. 
 
 Spalding's History of English Literature, 
 
 Northend's Dictation Exercises. 
 ^Wayland's Moral Science.. 
 ^Wayland's Politicail Economy^ 
 ^Wayland's Intellectual Science. 
 
 * The Abridged Editions of these "Works may be used if desired. 
 
28 
 
 Boyd's Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 Boyd's Cowper's Task. 
 Boyd's Thompson's Seasons. 
 
 • CLASSICAL SERIES, 
 
 Brooks' First Latin Lessons, 
 Brooks' Historia Sacra. 
 Brooks' Viri Illiistres American. 
 Brooks' Ceesar's Commentaries. 
 Brooks' Ovid. 
 
 Harkness' Latin Grammar, 
 Hanson's Book of Latin Prose. 
 Hanson's Book of Latin Poetry. 
 Arnold's Latin Prose Composition. 
 Dillaway's Roman Antiquities. 
 Brooks' First Greek Lessons. 
 Brooks' Collectanea Evangelica. 
 Bullion's Greek Lessons. 
 Bullion's Greek Grammar „ 
 Bullion's Greek Reader. ' 
 Johnson's Herodotus. 
 Owens' Homer's Iliad. 
 Arnold's Greek Prose Composition. 
 Cleveland's Grecian Antiquities. 
 Tooke's Pantheon of Heathen Gods. 
 
 No Latin. or Greek Lexicon has been adopted, because the 
 Text Books are provided w^ith ample Vocabularies. Students 
 wishing larger Lexicons may use such Editions as they have 
 at home, or purchase such as the High School Professor recom- 
 mends. 
 
 Books of Instruction in Vocal Music, and a Text Book of 
 Anatomy and Physiology will be announced. 
 
 All Orders for Books and Stationery must be sent lo 
 the Superintendent through the Secretary of the Board of 
 School Commissioners, the Secretary keeping an account 
 of the same, charging each order to the Commissioner 
 
29 
 
 District, and, if practicable, to the School for whicli the 
 Books are procured. In the Superintendent's Office, 
 Books and School requisites, as issued, will be charg-ed to 
 the Board of School Commissioners 
 
 Orders for Books and Stationery must be in form as 
 follows : 
 
 Office of Board of School Commissioners. 
 
 County^ 186 
 
 y<9 the State Sujperintendent vf Pub. Inst. 
 
 Sir :— Forward to 
 at for account of the Board of School 
 
 Commissioners of County, the following- 
 
 Books, &c. Send via. (here give the route as definitely 
 as possible.) 
 
 Write the name of each Book in full and the exact 
 number — not the dozens. 
 
 Signed, 
 
 Secretary of Board of S. C. 
 
 VACCINATION. 
 
 FaEauENT objection has been made by parents to pro- 
 cure certificates of vaccination. The following Sections 
 of the Law- of 1864 are printed, to show that the teacher 
 or Commissioner has no discretion. He must require the 
 certificate or pay the penalty. 
 
 Parents who neglect to have their children vaccinated 
 are also liable to be fined. 
 
 None can plead poverty as an excuse. The Law pro- 
 vides for the gratuitous vaccination of children of indi- 
 gent parents. 
 3* 
 
30 
 
 The great importance of this subject to health and 
 even life ought to commend it to the prompt acquies- 
 cence of all who have the guardianship of Children. 
 Only ignorant and obstinately prejudiced persons refuse 
 to comply. Such, the law coerces by a fine. 
 
 JEoctracts from the Laiv of 1864, 
 
 Et shall be the duty of every parent or guardian to 
 have his or her child Vaccinated within twelve months 
 after its birth, if it shall be in proper condition, or as soon 
 thereafter as practicable, and if such parent or gfuardian 
 shall have any other person under his or her control or 
 care, not duly vaccinated, he or she should cause such 
 person or persons to be Vaccinated prior to the first day 
 of November, eighteen hundred and sixty-four. Any 
 person failing to comply with the provisions of this section, 
 shall, on conviction thereof, forfeit and pay a sum not less 
 than five, nor more than ten dollars. 
 
 No Teacher in any School shall, after the first day of 
 January, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, receive into 
 such School any person as a scholar until such person 
 shall produce the certificate of some reoular practicing 
 physician that such applicant for admission into the School 
 hus been duly Vaccinated. Any Teacher so offending 
 shall, on conviction thereof, forfeit and pay a fine of ten 
 dollars for each offence, and no Public School Trustee, or 
 Commissioner, shall grant a permit to any child to enter 
 any Public School without such certificate, under the 
 same penalty. 
 
 All fines imposed under the provisions of this Act shall 
 be recovered before a justice of the peace, in the same 
 manner as small debts are recoverable, for the use of the 
 School Fund of the County or City in whic^h such offence 
 shall occur. 
 
31 
 
 For e\'"ery child Vaccinated, whose guardian or parents 
 are too poor to pay for th*- service, the County Commis- 
 sioners of the several Counties, or the City Council of 
 Baltimore, as tlie case may be, shall pay or cause to be 
 paid, to the physician performing the service, the sum of 
 fifty cents for every such case, on presentation of such 
 account duly authenticated by an affidavit setting forth 
 that the service was duly performed, and that the parents 
 or guardians are unable to pay for said service. 
 
 It shall be the duty of every practicing physician m 
 this State, to Vaccinate all children in the circle of his 
 practice which may be presented to him for Vaccination, 
 ^vithin one year after birth, if such child shall be in pro- 
 per condition for such service, and he shall Vaccinate all 
 other persons not previously effectually Vaccinated, who 
 shall request such service from him. Any physician 
 neglecting or refusing so to do, shall, on conviction thereof, 
 forfeit and pay for every offence a penalty of five dollars. 
 
 FORMULA BY WHICH TO CALCULATE 
 TEACHERS SALARIES. 
 
 [See By-Law, Sec. 4, page 14.] 
 
 Let. <7=minimum salary, for School of 15 pupils. 
 
 Z/^additional pay for each pupil over 15, where 
 the averaofe rang'es from 15 to 25, 
 
 Do 
 
 c=additional pay for each pupil over 25, where 
 the average ranges from 25 to 35. 
 
 d'=:additional pay for each pupil over 35, where 
 the average ranges from 35 to 60. 
 
 ??2=excess of pupils over 15. 
 
 n= " «' " 25. 
 
 p=z " '♦ '♦ 35. 
 
32 
 
 The salaries will then be computed as follows i 
 School of 15 pupils, the salary=sa. 
 •* from 15 to 25, " =a_|-mb. 
 
 ♦' 25 to 35, " =a_[-mb-fnc. 
 
 *• 35 to 60, «« =a4-mb4-»ic.f pd. 
 
 For the purpose of informing the Commissioner of the 
 condition of the Schools in his District, each Teacher shall 
 prepare a Monthly Report according to the following 
 form, and deliver it at the close of each month- 
 
 He may add, under the head of remarks, any topic to 
 which it is important to direct the attention of the Com- 
 missioner. 
 
 No blank forms are furnished for the Monthly Reports. 
 
 TEACHERS' MONTHLY REPORT. 
 
 Number of Pupils on the roll, - . - 
 
 Average Attendance, .... 
 General success (or progress) in Study, '■ 
 General Deportment, (or Order,) 
 Number of times special discipline was re- 
 quired. 
 
 186 . 
 
 -Expressed as follows 
 Excellent, 5. 
 Good, 4. 
 Moderate, 3. 
 Indifferent, 2. 
 Bad, 1. 
 
 Teacher, 
 
33 
 State of Maryland. 
 
 UNIFORM SYSTEM OF FREE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 Organized under Act of March 2Wi, 1865. Provided for 
 by the Constitution of 1864. 
 
 No. 
 
 Know all men by these presents, that 
 havirg furnished satifactory evidence of good moral char- 
 acter and passed an Examination in Orthography, Read- 
 ing, Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, History and English 
 Grammar, Book-Keeping, Algebra and Natural Philo- 
 sophy, 
 
 is hereby authorized to teach in the Public Schools of 
 County for three years from the date 
 hereof, unless this Certificate be annulled. 
 
 Given under my hand and the seal of the Board of 
 School Commissioners of said County, at their Office on 
 the day of in the year of our Lord 
 
 eighteen hundred and sixty 
 
 State of Maryland. 
 
 UNIFORM SYSTEM OF FREE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 Organized under Act of March 24, 1865. No. 
 
 Know all men hij these presents, that 
 having furnished satisfactory evidence of good moral char- 
 acter and passed an Examination in Orthography, Reading, 
 Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, History and English 
 Grammar, 
 
34 
 
 IS hereby authorized to teach in the Public Schools of 
 County for three years from the date 
 hereof, unless this Certificate be annulled. 
 
 Given under my hand and the seal of the Board of 
 School Commissioners of said County, at their Office on 
 the day of in the year of our Lord 
 
 eighteen hundred and sixty 
 
 TEACHEMS PEMMIT, 
 
 No. Grade. 
 
 Office Board of School Commissioners, 
 
 County, 186 , . 
 
 I hereby Certify ^ that 
 having furnished satisfactory evidence of good moral char- 
 acter, and ability to teach Orthography, Reading, Writing, 
 
 Arithmetic, Geography, History, English Grammar, and 
 * * * * 
 
 is hereby permitted to teach in the Public Schools of 
 County, until notified to appear before 
 me for Examination, provided, nevertheless, that this per- 
 mit shall not be in force longer than 
 
 Note — For first grade add Algebra, Natural Philosophy and Book- 
 Keeping. 
 
35 
 DESCEIPTION OF SCHOOL-HOUSES, 
 
 From rians and Drawings issued by the State 
 Superintendent of I^ublic Instruciion. 
 
 These plans and drawings, with specificatious, can be 
 obtained from the State Superintendent's office. 
 
 All public-school houses must be built by these plans 
 and drawings, or such others as may be submitted by- 
 County Boards and approved by the State Superintend- 
 ent. Every school-house must be provided with black- 
 boards, attached to the wall behind the teacher's desk, and 
 in other positions convenient for the pupils. The eno-ra- 
 vings of school-houses, desks, &c., are placed upon the 
 last pages. 
 
 ■ FIGURE 1 is a frame house, 24+24 feet from outside 
 to outside, and 12 feet high to the square, with an arched 
 
 ceilinof. 
 
 It has a vestibule 15+Sj feet from outside to outside. 
 The windows are hung on sash cords and axle pulleys, 
 for convenience in ventilating the room. There is a floor 
 register placed under the stove for the admission of fresh 
 air. The main room will take in the platfornn for teach- 
 er's desk and four rows of double desks, which will 
 accommodate fifty pupils. 
 
 A book- case must be fixed between the doors at the 
 lower end of the room, with lock and key, for safe keep- 
 ing of books, stationery, &c. 
 
 The vestibule is supplied with shelves and hat-pins or 
 hooks, water-bench and wash-stand. 
 
 FIGURE 2 is a frame house, 24-r36 feet from outside to 
 outside, and 14 feet high to the square, with an arched 
 ceilino;. 
 
 The vestibule is 15+8J feet from outside to outside. 
 The whole building is finished in the same marner as that 
 of figure 1, and will accommodate seventy-five pupils. 
 
36 
 
 FIGURE 3 is a brick house, 241+37 feet from outside 
 to outside, and 14 feet high to the square, with an arched 
 ceiling. The vestibule is 15^+9 feet. 
 
 The provision for ventilation and the interior arrange- 
 ments are the same as in that of figure 2, and the room 
 will accommodate seventy-five pupils. 
 
 FIGURE 4 is a stone house, 26+38 feet from outside 
 to outside, and 14 feet high to the square, with an arched 
 ceiling. 
 
 The vestibule is 16|^+10 feet from outside to outside. 
 This buildino;- is finished in the same manner as that of 
 figure 3, and has accommodation for seventy-five pupils. 
 FIGURE 5 is a frame house, 24+46 feet from outside to 
 outside, and 14 feet high to the square, with an arched 
 ceiling. 
 
 The vestibule is 15+81 feet from outside to outside. 
 The main building is divided by a sash partition into 
 two rooms — one 24+28 feet; the other 24+18 feet. The 
 sashes are hung upon cords and pulleys, and may be 
 raised so as to throw both rooms into one. When the 
 sashes are down, the noise from one room is entirely shut 
 out from the other; but the Principal can overlook the 
 Assistant's room through the glass partition. Each of the 
 rooms is ventilated and furnished in the same manner as 
 the building- before described. This house will accom- 
 modate one hundred pupils. 
 
 In all cases where two-story or larger houses are 
 required, special plans and drawings will be prepared. 
 
 CLOSING SEAT SCHOOL DESKS. 
 
 Patented March 2\st, 1863, hij W. Horace Soper. 
 
 This Desk is recommended by the State Superintendent 
 of t*ublic Instruction for use in all the Public Schools in 
 Maryland. 
 
37 
 
 DESCHIPTION OF THE DESK AND ITS ADVANTAGES. 
 
 1. The Movable Seat — whicli is made to turn u[>f)n 
 a strong metallic rod, (generally of iron) closing or fold 
 Jng up so as to open an aisle between the Desks, through 
 which persons may freely pass in cleaning the Schf)ol 
 room, or for any other purpose. The seat presents no ob- 
 struction whatever. Where this Desk is used there net*d 
 be no filthy School rooms, as the floor is so little encum- 
 bered that it may be as effectually cleansed as if the room 
 were clear of Furniture. 
 
 2 It Occupies Less Space than other Desks of equal 
 size, while it affords the greatest convenience for the in- 
 gress and egress of puj)ils 
 
 3. It Costs Less than any other good Desk made of the 
 same materials, and is so simple in construction that it 
 may be made by any good mechanic. 
 
 4. The Seats are Comfortable and so constructed 
 as to promote the health of pupils. The back is inclined 
 to support the loins as well as the shoulders. 
 
 5. It is Neat in appearance and tastefully formed, 
 possessing great strength and durability. 
 
 6. It can be Made so Cheaply as to admit of intro- 
 duction into the humblest School, or in such style as will 
 meet the wants of the highest grade of Schools, Acade- 
 mies and Colleges. 
 
 These Desks can be made of any kind of wood, but 
 the hard woods are the best. When maile of Walnut^ 
 Cherry, Oak, Ash or Birch, they may be finished in oil, 
 which is much cheaper than varnish, more durable, and 
 genei'ally preferred. 
 
 These Desks have already been introduced into a large 
 number of the Schools. 
 
 To facilitate their manufacture. Lithograph Working 
 
 Drawings, accompanied by printed instructions, will be 
 
 furnished. 
 4 
 
38 
 DESCRIPTION OF INK-WELL. 
 
 The Ink-Well represented in the cut, is recommended 
 as most suitable for use on Soper's Patent Desk. It is 
 enclosed in a metallic frame, which is let into the Desk 
 nearly level with its surface, thus preventing the annoy- 
 ance caused by spilling Ink upon the desk and floor. It 
 is protected by a metallic cover nearly flush with the 
 desk, and having no hinges, is not liable to be broken. 
 The Well can be taken out for cleaning, and, when 
 broken by accident, can be replaced for a few cents while 
 the metallic case and cover will last for almost an un- 
 limited time. 
 
 FORM OF TREASURER'S BOND. 
 
 Know all men hy these presents, That we 
 
 are held and firmly bound to the State of Maryland in the 
 penal sum of Ten Thousand Dollars, to be paid to the said 
 State of Maryland, or its certain Attorneys or Assigns, for 
 which payment to be well and truly made, we hind our- 
 selves, each and every of us, each and every of our heirs, 
 executors and administrators, firmly by these presents 
 sealed with our seals and dated the 
 
 The condition of the above obligation is such, that if 
 the above bound shall faithfully 
 
 perform the duties of Treasurer of the Board of School 
 Commissioners of and 
 
 pay over and a.pply all moneys that shall come into his 
 hands or care, as Treasurer aforesaid, to such persons and 
 in such manner as the said Board of School Commissioners 
 shall direct, and that he will keep and enter a full and fair 
 account of all moneys received and paid by him, and of all 
 
39 
 
 matters and duties relating to his office, and preserve the 
 same and all vouchers relating thereto, and deliver up all 
 the books and vouchers relating to his said office when- 
 ever they are required by the said Board of School Com- 
 missioners, to such persons as they shall appoint to receive 
 the same. 
 
 Then the above obligation shall be null and void, other- 
 wise to remain in full force and virtue. 
 
 Signed, sealed and 
 delivered in the presence of 
 
 FORM OF TEACHERS RECEIPT. 
 
 n 
 
 Board of School Commissioners of 
 
 County, Dr. 
 
 To Teacher, Pub. School No. 
 
 Commisioner District, No. 
 To Salary for Term, ending 1S6 $ 
 
 ** Assistant's Salary for the same Term, 
 
 " Incidental Expenses, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 By Cash received on account of Books, 
 
 Balance due. 
 Received 1865, of School 
 
 Commissioners of Com. District No. ^ ^^ Dollars, 
 
 being the above balance in full. 
 
 Teacher. 
 
40 
 OFFICERS OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM. 
 
 State Board of Education. 
 
 A. W. BRADFORD, Governor, 
 
 President of the Board. 
 
 C C COX, Lieut. Governor. 
 
 JOHN M. FRAZIER, Speaker House of Del. 
 
 L. VAN BOKKELEN, State Sup. of Puh. Instruction. 
 
 W. HORACE SOPER, Clerk, 
 
 State Snperintendent of Public Instruction, 
 
 EBY. L. VAN BOKKELEN, L.L.D. 
 W. HORACE SOPER, Secretary. 
 
 BOARDS OF SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 Allegany County. 
 
 Name. Post Office, 
 
 Rev. 0. PERINCHIEF, President, Mount Savage. 
 
 E. S. ZEYELY, Cumberland. 
 
 JASPER ROBINETTE, Flintstone. 
 
 RALPH THAYER, Oakland. 
 
 HENRY HOWARD, Lonaconing. 
 
 Rev. RICHARD LAZARUS, Grantsville. 
 
 E. S. ZEYELY, Sec. & Treasurer, Cumberland. 
 
 Anne Arundel County. 
 
 Rev. R. ANSPACH, President. West River. 
 
 Rev. dorse Y JACOB, Johnson's Store. 
 
 Dr. ASA LINTHICUM, Jessup's Cut. 
 
 Rev. R. G. CHANEY, West River. 
 
 JAS. H. HODGES, Sec. & Treasurer, Annapolis, 
 
41 
 
 Baltimore City. 
 
 JOHN F. PLUMMER, President, 
 
 CALEB B. HYXES, 
 
 W. H. HEBDEN, 
 
 THOS. I. PITT, 
 
 W. H. CATHCART, 
 
 J. BINGHAM, 
 
 JAS. D. LOWRY, 
 
 CHAS. FARINGER, 
 
 W. E. MEGRAW, 
 
 J. MERRIFIELD, 
 
 R. DANIEL, 
 
 Rev. THOS. MYERS, 
 
 JAS. H. COX, 
 
 HENRY C. GRIFFIN, 
 
 H. C. JONES, 
 
 JOHN SHOWACRE, 
 
 GEO. W. SUMWALT, 
 
 W. H. CLARK, 
 
 W. C. ARTHUR, 
 
 THEODORE MOTTU, 
 
 Rev. J. N. McJILTON, Treasurer, 
 
 W. D. McJILTON, Glerh. 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 City, 
 
 (( 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 (( 
 
 u 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 (t 
 
 (( 
 
 « 
 
 ^t 
 
 (( 
 
 it 
 
 <( 
 
 (t 
 
 « 
 
 *t 
 
 tt 
 
 it 
 
 K 
 
 t{ 
 
 t( 
 
 t€ 
 
 11 
 
 ft 
 
 tt 
 
 it 
 
 (( 
 
 tl 
 
 U 
 
 it 
 
 t< 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 tl 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 (t 
 
 Baltimore County. 
 
 R. C. McGINN, President, 
 Dr. E. J, K. HAND, 
 WM. GAMBRILL, 
 R. T. ANDERSON, 
 JOHN L. TURNER, 
 N. M. BRIAN, 
 JOHN SCOTT, 
 DR. R. E. JONES, 
 
 Towsontown. 
 
 Catonsville, 
 
 Reisterstown. 
 
 Monkton. 
 
 Pikesville. 
 
 Rossville. 
 
 Butler. 
 
 Union Meeting House. 
 
 W. H. SOPER, Sec. dc Treas., No. 21 N. Calvert Street, Balto. 
 4« 
 
42 
 
 Calvert County. 
 
 Dr. JOHN E. QUINAN, President, 
 
 R. M. YOE, 
 
 LEWIS GMFTITH, 
 
 WM. R. QUINAN, Sec. & Treasurer, 
 
 Caroline County. 
 
 Rev. C. B. BOYNTON, President, 
 
 WM. S. RIDGELY, 
 
 Dr. ANDREW STAFFORD, 
 
 Dr. M. a. booth, 
 
 WM, STEVENS, Sec. & Treasurer, 
 
 Carroll County. 
 
 JACOB H CHRIST, President. 
 WASHINGTON SENSENEY, 
 JOSHUA YINGLING, 
 JAS. V. CRESWELL, 
 A. J. WILHELM, 
 ZACHARIAH EBAUGH, 
 ANDREW K. SHRIVER, 
 
 Prince Frederick. 
 Prince Frederick. 
 Dunkirk. 
 Prince Frederick. 
 
 Potter's Landing. 
 Greensboro. 
 Preston. 
 Denton. 
 
 Union town. 
 
 Mckinstrey's Mills. 
 
 Westminster. 
 
 W^infield. 
 
 Finksburgh. 
 
 Hampstead. 
 
 Union Mills. 
 
 WILLIAM A. WAMPLER, Sec.di Ireas., Westminster. 
 
 Cecil County. 
 
 F. A. ELLIS, President, 
 JEFFERSON RAMSAY, 
 WM. T. RICHARDSON, 
 Dr. slater B. STUBBS, 
 JAS. FORD, 
 W^M. TORBERT, Sec. & Treas. 
 
 Elkton. 
 Port Deposit. 
 Charlestown 
 Rising Sun. 
 Cecilton. 
 Elkton. * 
 
 Charles County. 
 
 Dr. W. R. WILMER, President, Port Tobacco. 
 
 Rev. J. H. RYLAND, 
 
 Dr. GEO. MUDD, Bryantown. 
 
 F. B. F. BURGESS, Port Tobacco. 
 
 DANIEL W. HAWKINS, /Sec. dc Treas. Port Tobacco. 
 
4$ 
 
 Dorchester County. * 
 
 Di?. E. F. SMITHERS, President, Vienna. 
 
 ROBERT F. THOMPSON, Xew Market. 
 
 TRAVERSE SPICER, Taylor's Island. 
 
 JOHN E. GRAHAM, Lakesville. 
 
 ROBERT F. THOMPSON, Sec. & Treas. New Market. 
 
 Frederick County. 
 
 Dr. L. H. STEINER, President, Frederick Qty. 
 
 JOSHUA BIGGS, Creagerstown. 
 
 GEO. KOOGLE, Jackson. 
 
 JOHN M. CHARLTON, Jeflferson. 
 
 JOHN S. REPP, JohnsviUe. 
 
 JAS. RUSSEL, New Market. 
 
 CHARLES McELFRESH, Hyattstown, Mont. Co. 
 
 JOS. M. EBBERTS, Sec. & Treas. Frederick City. 
 
 Harford County. 
 
 Rev. THOS. C. S. SMITH, President, Bel- Air. 
 
 W. T. BAYLESS, Glenville. 
 
 JOHN T. SPICER, Bel-Air. 
 
 CHEYNEY HOSKINS, Upper Falls. 
 
 JOHN H. KIRKWOOD, Black Horse, 
 
 JAS. SILVER, Churchville. 
 
 B. H. HANSON, Sec. & Treasurer. Bel-Air. 
 
 Howard County. 
 
 SAME. K. DASHIEL, President, Savage Factory. 
 
 De. JOEL HOPKINS, Elkridge Landing. 
 
 DAA^ID BURDETT, Lisbon. 
 
 MARSHAL McCAULEY, Sec. & Treas., Ellicott's Mills. 
 
 Kent County. 
 
 HOWARD MEEKS, President, Edesville. 
 
 J. P. IRELAND, Galena. 
 
 JAS. L. DAVIS, Chesterville. 
 
 JAS. L. USILTON, Chestertown. 
 JOHN W. HINES, Sec. & Treas., 
 
44 
 
 Montgomery County. 
 
 W. H. FARQUHAR, President, Sandy Spring. • 
 
 CHARLES ABERT, Olney. 
 
 JOHN S. DESELLUM, Rockville. 
 
 FREDERIC A. DAWSON", Poolsville. 
 
 J. OHN NSOPER, Hyattstown. 
 
 RICHARD M. WILLIAMS, Sec. & Treas., Rockville. 
 
 Prince George County. 
 
 Dr. J. H. BAYNE, Fort Washington. 
 
 GEO. W. DUVALL, Buena Vista. 
 
 WM. CLARK, Queen Anne. 
 
 JOHN W. COFFREN, Croome. 
 
 GEO. W. WILSON, Sec. & Treasurer, Upper Marlboro'. 
 
 Queen Anne County. 
 
 JAS. W. THOMPSON, President, Centreville. 
 
 ELIJAH PIERCE, Suddlersville. 
 
 THOS. H. KEMP, Broad Creek. 
 
 DAVID H. CRANE, Church Hill. 
 
 WOODMAN J. GIBSON, Sec. & Treas, Centreville. 
 
 Somerset County. 
 
 HENRY A. WHITE, President, Princess Anne. 
 
 JOHN TURNER, Tyaskin. 
 
 J. S. LANKFORD, Rehoboth. 
 
 HANCE LAWSON, Annemessex. 
 
 JASPER HUMPHREYS, Salisbury. 
 
 Dr. CADMUS DASHIELL, Sec. & Treas. Princess Anne. 
 
 St. Marys County. 
 
 Dr. JAS. BUNTING, President, Chaptico. 
 
 Dr. a. H. bean, St. Inigoes. 
 
 ALBERT YOUNG, Charlotte Hall. 
 
 GEO. SPALDING, Leonardtown. 
 GEO. COMBS, Sec. & Ttxasurer, '' 
 
45 
 
 Talbot County. 
 
 Dr. SAML. a. HARRISON, President, Easton. 
 L. DODSON, 
 
 Dr. JAS. DAWSON, St. Michaels. 
 
 HENRY P. HOPKINS, Kings Creek. 
 
 uEONIDAS DODSON, Sec. & Treas., Easton. 
 
 Washington County. 
 
 THOS. A. BOULLT, President, Uagerstowa. 
 
 J. J. HERSHEY, Hagerstown. 
 
 J. A. MILLER, Clear Spring. 
 
 J. S. HEDDINa, Hancock. 
 
 JOS. GAYER, Smithsburg. 
 
 JACOB FUNK, Hagerstown. 
 
 JOHN KRETZER, Sharpsburg. 
 
 SAMUEL RHORER, Boonsboro. 
 
 ALBERT SMALL, Sec. & Treasurer, Hagerstown. 
 
 Worcester County. 
 Rev. SAMUEL K. STEWART, Prest., Berlin. 
 
 Rev. W. D. MACKEY, 
 
 SAMUEL S. McMASTER, 
 BENJAMIN S. SHEPPERD, 
 THOS. B. SMITH, 
 G. W. COVINGTON, Sec. & Treas., 
 
 Snow Hill. 
 Newtown. 
 Shepperds X Roads. 
 Salisbury. 
 Snow Hill. 
 
 \o. 1 
 
No. 2. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
Ko. 5. 
 
Closing SeatiSehool Desk. 
 
 Ink Well, 
 
 X 
 
BY-LAWS 
 
 FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE 
 
 mxU at ^ic\\0o\ §ommmm%tx4 
 
 OF MARYLAND. 
 
 RULES AND RI^]GUfiATIONS FOR TEACHERS AND PUPILS, 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 FORMS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRANSACTING ALL 
 PUBLIC SCHOOL BUSINESS. 
 
 ISSUED BY AUTHORITY OF 
 
 THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION. 
 
 BALTIMORE; 
 PRINTED BY WILLIAM K. BQYLE. 
 
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