2§^Sr* COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT ILI^USTKATED BUFFALO: T[iE Qgeen Gity of the Lakes. PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE r ^ OWTH. ITS RESOURCES. ITS COMMERCE, ITS MANUFACTURES ITS FINANCIAL INTERESTS. ITS PUBLIC INSTI- TUTIONS. AND ITS PROSPECTS. HISTORICAL DESC^PTION BY GEORGE M^'bAILEY, AUTHOR OF "TEN YHARS IN BUFFALO." EDITOR "BUFFALO REAL ESTATE NEWS," FORMERLY OF LOCAL STAFF "BUFFALO MORNING EXPRESS," ETC. 1890. PUBLISHED BY ACME PUBLISHING AND ENGRAVING CO., TEMPLE COURT, NEW YORK. GiiO. il. BAILEV. The descriptive matter of this book was written by Mr. Bailey, author of" Ten Years in Buffalo," editor "Buffalo Real Estate News," formerly of local staff "'Buffalo Morning Express," etc., etc., and is the best and most authentic ever published. copyright by Acme Pvblishino and Enokavinq Co. INTRODUCTORY. [I IK publication of tliis volume was undertakeu to present a general view of the resources and industries, tlie material wealth, the moral elevation and the social conditions of Buffalo — the famed Queen City of tiie Lakes. And not only has it been the endeavor of the pub- lishers to render the work an abstract and brief chronicle of the time, but likewise to give sdiiic ;ic.nunt of the city's historical importance; her advantage of location; her plan of city govern- ment; her churches and schools; literary and social life, together with compendium and statistics illustrating the growth and extent of her commercial and mannfacturing interests. The statistics he'-ein collected, compiled, digested and tabulated have been obtained by conscientious inquiry and from reliable reports. Without the aid of business men, manufacturers and others, by giving clear and candid statements of the facts in their possession, and known in most cases only to the individual, the compilation of such a work— even as imperfectly as this has been done, would have been impossible. From these and other favors from various quarters, whether solicited or volunteered, the publishers make grateful acknowledgment. The illustrations which accompany are believed to add to its interest and permanent value. The subjects of them were selected solely because they were characteristic, and without any reference to private interests. Among them are included sketches of the leading thorough- fares, public buildings, and several representative manufacturing establishments. The enterprise and hearty co-operation of many of Buffalo's leading business men have made possible the publication and general distril)ution of the book. It is intended as an advertisement only in the broad sense that every publication setting forth the actual conditions of a prosperous and public spirited community is such. Necessarily to a volume of the size to which this must be restricted, it is impossible to set forth in detail all the business establishments comprehended in a general view of the prosperity of the city. In the following pages it lias rather been attempted to give the reader nnacquainted with the resources and industries of Buffalo some idea of their rnn'c/j/ as well as their extent. It is shown that historical and geographical causes have conduced no little to this versatility of Buffalo enterprise, as well as to that measure of success which has attended it. The future pro.spects of the Queen City of the Lakes ■depend largely and hopefully upon the quickening of a new public spirit, which has been manifested in a comparatively long period. This has found expression in the movement which led to the organization of the Merchant's Exchange, and the spirit of co-operation therein manifested. But it had its fore- shadowiiigs in the individual enterprise displayed by one firm or single merchant or manufacturer and then by another; and finally communicated from one to another until sluggishness gave way to that enterprise, and conservation yielded to that progress which have indelibly stamped the Queen City of the Lakes one of the most powerful throughout the length and breadth of the Union. With this our ■siilutary bow to the Buffalo public, we close these few prefatory remarks, and beg to respectfully sub- scribe ourselves, anticipating the leniency of an indulgent public for all errors of commission or omission. THE PUBLISHERS. New York. 1890. GENERAL INDEX. Acme Mining Co., E. B. Hill, Agent 132 Adams & Co., Boarding & Livery Stables 18.') Alberger, F. J., Caterer 231 Albreclit, Louis, .Meals, Lards, etc 185 Alderman, F. N., Druggist and Chemist 232 AUenbrandt, Ed . Marble and Granite 180 American Exchange Bank 101 Andrews, J. M. , Horse Furnishings 97 Anthony, J. L., & Son. Forwarders 212 Apothecary, The, J. L. C. Cronyn Prop 209 Argus. John., Groceries, Dry Goods, Boots and Shoes 179 Argus, Franlc, Hardware and House Furnishing Goods 183 .\rstill, A., Children's Shoes 173 Atkins, Rob't F., Undertaker 139 Auerbach, Olto. Millinery Goods 198 .\very, J. T.. Wood Turning of every description. ... 188 B.\cii. P.. Stationer, etc 320 Baines, Broths., Beef, Mutton, Pork 153 Baker & Lockwood, Household Goods, Carpets, etc. 209 Bank of Buffalo, The 102 Barber Asphalt Paving Co.. Tlic 122 Barnes, J. PL, Groceries and Provisions 185 Barth & Knobloch, Bookbinders 169 Bartlett & Scars, Hard and Soft Coal 133 Bartlett, Frazier & Co., Grain Commission 172 Batterson & Co., Commission Merchants 175 Barutt, .lohn. Dry Goods, Notions, etc 179 Baynes, Win., Street Cleaning Contractor 151 Baxter, R. U., Druggist and Chemist 154 Becker, Conrad 7 Fisher Bros. & Co., Props, of Genesee and City Mall Houses '-•" Fiske, F. \V., Jr., Insurance 233 Fleming, Emmet, Lumber 210 Foell, Louis, Groceries and Provisions 200 Folinsbee, H. D., Heal Estate Broker 106 Forsyth, R., & Son, Boots, Shoes, and Rubbers 146 Fo.\ Optical Co l'^)8 Frierl Conrad, .Jr.. Dry Goods, etc 2;i0 Fries & Co., Brass Foundei-s 113 Fuchs Brothers, Wines and Groceries 217 Fuller & Ripley, Real Estate and Insurance 14!) G.\iL, J. H., Produce Commission Merchant 2();i Gammcl, Fred.. Stoves, Ranges, etc 199 Gunihee, Jas., Wholesale Grocer 210 Gardner, David, Vienna Bakery 169 Gardner. W. A., & Co., Real Estate 22.5 Garono, Louis, Hardware and House Furnishing Goods 146 Gavin, Joseph E., Coal and Coke 147 Gay & Mil.son, Engineers' Supplies 154 Gebhard, A. F., Paper, Card Board, and Printers' Sup- plies 180 Gelz, Geo.. Crackers, Ginger Snaps, etc 191 Gerking. Fred. W.. Cigai-s 166 German American Steam Laundry 100 German-American Land Office 129 German Rock Asphalt and Cement Co 110 Genesee Planing Jlill Co., The 186 Genesee Street Auction House 188 Gentsch, B. F.. & Sous, Mustards and Pickles 191 Gisel. Wm., Harness, Trunks, etc 178 Glauber & Hunkemoeller, Grocers 158 Globe Tea Co. (The), Braun & Weisz, Props 207 Goodyear. F. H.. & C. W., Lumber, Coal, and Iron. . 98 Goodyear Rubber Co 117 Gorges, Wm. P., Undertaker 104 Graham, Bailey & Co.. Mfrs. Graham Pipe Wrenches. 129 Grahling, Jacob, Provisions, Teas, Coffees, etc 141 Grand Trunk Rjiil way of Canada 227 Graves. S. L., & Co.. Paper Hangings, Mouldings, etc. 123 Great Western Fire Clay Co 209 Griffin. John W., Sanitary Engineer and Gas Fitter. . 19.5 Grist & Walkinshaw. Real Estate and Insurance 90 Grover, R. B., & Co , Fine Shoes l.W Guske, Morris, Tailor 184 Habeustro. J. F. , Real Estate and Insurance 134 Hack, G., Boots and Shoes 223 Haefner, A., Engravings, Picture Frames, etc 158 Hainz. F., Millinery 172 Hall, E. F., & Co., Photographers . 219 Hall. N'alhaniel, it Son, Insurance 1-m Hall, J. N.. Groceries 148 Hallauer, C. Poultry, Butter, Eggs, etc 139 Hamilton, John, Millinery and Fancy Goods, etc 129 Hammond, J. 1.. Sales Stable 214 Uanrahan, A., Groceries, Provisions, Wines, Liuffalo Creek. 3:i ILLUSTRATED 34 His store was in a loi; bnildiiii; on the north bank of Little Bufialo Creeic, near the corner of what is now "Wash- ington and Quay streets. Tlie tavern was a two-story log house which would to-day, if resurrected, come up through the pavement of The Terrace a few rods west of Main Street, opposite Exchange Street. Then there was Asa Ransom, who could look from the window of his log house— west of the tavern beyond the corner of Pearl Street and the Terrace, as we now know the spot — out over Lake Erie and the Niagara River. Or John could have gone to Michael Middaugh, a Mohawk River Dutchman, or to Ezekiel Lane, his son-in-law, who had built a double log house upon land belonging to William Johnson, a little east of Washington and north of E.xchange Street, as those thoroughfares now lie. The only other neighbor I know of was Johnson, the half-breed son of Sir William Johnson. Sir William had come out to command the Indian contingent of the British army in the French War, and had married Molly, the sister of Capt. Joseph Brant. But though young Johnson's mother was a full-blooded Mohawk, and sister to the terrible " Thay-en den- cgea," William was the son and legal heir of a British baronet. Buffalo " society" of that period winked at the fact that Sir William did not marry Molly until the latter part of her life with him, when they lived in their hospitable home in the Mohawk Valley, between the sites of Rome and Schenectady. But their son, as I said, was heir to a baronetcy, and as lie had, a few years before the date of the French duke's visit, obtained from the Indians a conveyance to himself of all the lands at the mouth of Buffalo Creek, he was considerable of a nabob in the settlement. He owned neariy all the land now occupied by the city of Buffalo; therefore he wasn't quite the man for John Palmer to go to to borrow rum, candles, or milk. Wil- liam Johnson's house was the finest in the settlement, for it was half frame. So his grace the Duke de Rochefocauld-Liancourt ate "a very indifferent supper," as he wrote in his jour- nal, and went to sleep on the floor. But he dreamed. It was nothing to him that Prussia and Spain had signed the peace-treaty with the new French Republic at Basle, that the catalogue of victories of the French arms was hung up in the Convention hall ; that there was famine that day in France among the lower classes ; that Napoleon had quelled the insurrection of Vendemiaire, or that the terrible yellow-fever plague was then sweeping along the Atlantic coast states of America. No, he cared not for things at home, nor of events in the new American republic. He slept too soundly for that. The duke had, I suppose, read the journals of La Salle and Father Hennepin, written in his own native French one hundred and sixteen years before, for he dreamed that night that he was with that old Franciscan friar, sailing up Lake Erie in "The Griffon." He heard the bold explorers tell how, at the mouth of Cayuga Creek, more than half way down to the great cataract, during all the previous hard winter, they and their iieariv two score of followers had worked and built a dock ; how two Mohegan Indians made bark liouses for them, and a bark chapel, where the good Father Hennepin (who carried his altar thither on his back) preaclied and read mass on Sundays and saints' days ; how they felled trees and laid the keel of "The Griffon," that was to be the first white man's boat to plow these inland seas ; how the savages envied the builders of the " big canoe," and plotted to burn it ; how, often disheartened and fearing mutiny, the pious Jesuits worked on until July, 1679, when, amid the firing of their five little brass cannon and three arquebuses, their little ship was launched. On the prow crouched a carved griffin, with wide-spread wings; above was an eagle, while at the mainmast floated the lilies of France. Our dreamer heard the crew chant the Te Deum of Ambrose, after they had pulled the boat up stream for miles, and finally started out from the stiff current below what is now Fort Porter, and he saw the helmsman point the nose of the Griffon up the lake. " The streamlet seeks the path it knew of yore, And Erie murmurs to a lonely shore ; The birds are busy in their leafy towers ; The trampled earth is wild again with flowers ; And the same River rolls in changeless state. Eternal, solemn, deep, and strong as fate." Only one other Frenchman that we know of had visited the site of Buffalo during the one hundred and ILLUSTRi ILLUSTRATED THE ClUEEN CITY or THE LAKES. sixteen vcars tliat liiul cliipseil lietween liii Salic ami Linncoiirt, aiiil lie was IJamii La lluntaii, who inade ati (■> poilition tliroiiij;li this region in UiHV — eisjlit years after La Salle. In his dream the dnke finally bade adieu to the friar and liis thirty-four britvc couipanioii.s, and lli«! yeai mrmMm v^. ^ () I C 'I- 5l & /VSIN§TREET (JLINTON §T. LLUSTRATED of a century rolled by, until he saw himself again trudging into the settlement at Buffalo Creek and knocking at Jolin Palmer's tavern door. Wonderful charmer, this sleep is, to a tired man, for another vision was in store for his grace, as he lay there curled up floor. Another century, nearly, passed before him, but into the future, and it vpas the year 1890. He stood upon a broad, paved terrace, and knew that it was tlie site of Palmer's Tavern. The scene about him saw that of a busy city of more than a quarter of a million souls. It was again a day in July. All the potent forces of a wonderful age of invention — of steam and eloctric power— were conspiring round about him. By his very ILUV/STRATED THE '(^UEEN CITY OF THE LAKES. :iT side thundered mighty engines, pulling palatial coaches loaded with precious merchandise and prosperous people on tlieir way from the Atlantic to '.he Pacific Ocean. Some of the people luid just come from his own any Paris, which they had left only ei(/hl days before. Above his head hummed the wires of the telegraph, telephone, fire-alarm signal service, and he knew that the thoughts penned by men about him could be read in Loudon in half an hour, and in far away Calcutta before sunset. He knew that in an upper parlor that day at .■I public l)ouse called "Tlie Iroquois," men and women were sitting upon velvet divans listening to an orchestra of eight pieces playing sweet music at No. 18 Courtland Street, New York; that over the same wire which lirought the music in at the window men were talking, as though face to face, between Rochester, Albany, and Pou be between two powerful ^^^ ILLUSTRi LLUSTRATED ■ 'QUEEN 41 foes, war came licavicst upon the littk- people. Tliey wislicd to l.e noulial, Imt their fann-yards becaiiu: the devastating battle-fields of the bigger powei-s. So with tlie Erie or Cat tribe— tlic Kah-Kwahs. From llie m Fort Niagara, who was present. The .-..uncil resulted in :i ti.-aly ..t peace lliat has been ever since preserveil. A treaty iii.ide later by the same commissioners with Indians at Detroit was not kept by the natives. But iuiinigialion was eucourageil, and the settlement which the Duke de Rochefocauld-Liancourt founded at the mouth of Buffalo Creek, two years after this treaty by General Lincoln, began to grow rapidly, and John Palmer's tavern was so well patron- ized that lie was able to give better entertainment than he had given to the French duke. In 1792 Red Jacket, with several other chiefs, to settle for themselves many questions affecting their alle- giance to the new American Republic, decided to visit the father of the new nation, President Washington. So pleased was George Wasliington witli the dignity, suavity, and eloquence of Red Jacket, that he caused to be struck a huge, oval, silver medal seven inches long by five inches wide, on which General Washington and Red Jacket were depicted, near a plougliman, smoking the pipe of peace. The gift greatly pleased the old Indian, and he always wore the medal around his neck. It is shown in the celebrated painting of Red Jacket, from life, bv R. W. Weir, of New York, a copy of which, together with the original medal and a fine tomahawk, also presented by Washington, are now the property of the Buffalo Historical Society. It seems to me that the romantic period in Buffalo's history has now been told ; that the stepping in of these phlegmatic Dutchmen, with their Holland Laml Company, and their old theodolite and surveyor's chain, intrude such practical dollar-and-cent matters upon our attention, that you, patient reader, will tire of a detailed history of how the town site was cut up into lots and sold, and how the village boasted a school-house, then a church, court-house, and jail. The growth of every city in America was like Buffalo in these respects. But iis we go along from 1795 up to to-day there are a few threads that must be picked up, for consis- tency's sake. Wc are not telling the complete history of Buffalo, but are constructing an outline — an historical sketch, merely, for a work showing " The Progress of Buffalo," not its whole history. There was no real Holland Land Company. Robert Morris sold his land in four tracts to four sets of purchasers, who paid for it with money owned in Holland. There is no evidence to show that these Nether- land capitalists were joined together in a company in Holland or in America, and the deeds to lands sold were signed by the local" trustees, who were not even designated in the deeds as trustees. But our pioneer fore- fathei-s knew they were dealing with Dutch capitalists, through these agents, and they dubbed the proprietors, " Tlie Holland Land Company." These proprietors kept a general agent at PIiiladelphia„and a local agent at Batavia settlement. The first local representative was Joseph Ellicott (1800 to 1821); then Jacob S. Otto (1821 to 1827); David E. Kvans (1827 to 1837); and Peter Van Hall, who served from Evans's time to the sale of the last piece of land. These agents exerted great influence upon the growth of Buffalo by bringing in desirable settlers ; upon the outline of the city, by plotting its present principal thoroughfares; and they gave lasting names to many streets, roads, villages, and streams of water. No single individual had more to do with n)0ulding the young city than did Joseph Ellicott, a remarkably talented but lamentably melancholy man. Three years before he became local agent, Mr. Ellicott was made principal surveyor of the company. He had gained great experience in working with his brother Andrew, who laid out the city of Washington after that site was selected for the capital. In the year when he began his survey for the Holland Land Company, 1797, a great Indian council had been held at Geneseo, at which Indian titles to the lands of the company by the former treaty were extinguished. Ellicott organized an cn^^ ^^M ^^e ^ ■ — sBmssSFS % m^ '^^'^ (?1TY ILLUSTRATED THE C!TY OF THE LAKES. ^UFIOTLOJU^. THE'QVSEN .l!.y, May I'Ttli, Ki.it Krio begins luiotlu-r bombardment of Black Keck, but after ririui; all .lay ami all niitbt tlir comuianiiant biirsUs liis guns, blows up liis magazines, burns his stores, dismisses his militia, and retreats. The Americans take possession. IJeforc June 1st, both flanks of the enemy arc routed without tuiiig a gun, and were the Americans stronger in numbers they could follow up with the conf|iiest of Canada. Some bold skirmishing is done, in whicli the valiant Dr. Cyrenius Chapin of Buffalo, with his company of mounted rifles, docs heroic service. But the British recover courage, and on July lOtb start from Lundy'a Lane to assault Black Rock, with a strong force of regulars and militia, under Lieutenant ('oloiiel Bishop. They surprise tlic sentinel at the drawbridge over Conjockety Creek, who dro[)s his musket without firing an alarm, and runs into the woods. The British march silently pa.st the barracks where the American soldiers arc sleeping; approach Major Adam's camp, near by, but find the soldiers have been warned and are fled, and at General I'orter's mansion (still standing) discover that the owner has fled on horseback clothed in a white garment! The in- vaders burn the barracks and block house; spike the guns, carry off the artillery, and take several citizens of Black Kock prisoners. The oflicers order General Porter's servants to get breakfast, and seeing from the man- sion windows their reinforcements crossing at Black Rock believe themselves to be concjuering heroes. 15ut the Americans are rallying at Buffalo, amid wildest confusion and the shrieking of women, who embrace their husbands and sons a dozen times before leaving them, armed with all .sorts of weapons, to be butchered by the enemy, as they believe. Farmer's Brother arouses the Senecas, at Cold Spring, wiiere they are guarding the home of Judge Granger, and marches at their head to aid his friend. General Porter, who commands the mixed force of defenders at Buffalo. While the British arc breakfasting at (ieiieral Porter's house, three tuindrcd iiumi. made de.sperate by the clanger to their homes and families, arc marching down Niagara Street to repulse the invaders. The forces meet near Ferry Street and for nearly half an liour fight fiercely. Tlic redcoats are beaten back ; Lieutenant- Colonel Bishop, their leader, who had hardly finished breakfast when the fight began, is seen riding one of General Porter's hor.ses, and is shot and killed while leading the retreat. The invaders lose eight killed, seven left wounded on the field, and fifteen prisoners, besides others killed while pulling away in their boat-s, by volleys from shore. September brings news of Perry's glorious victory, and Buffalo is illuminated by bonfires, and loud salutes .ire fired. The war is nearly ended, but Buffalo is yet to see her darkest day. Gen. George McClure of Steuben <:ommands tlie American forces on the frontier. His headquarters are at the captured Fort George. But the term of enlistment of most of his militia expiring, lie is compelled to abandon that po.st and to cross to Fort Niagara. With most unpardonable cruelty, before retreating, he burns the ])eaceful Canadian village of Newark, in winter, turning the inhabitants out into the snow. Probably preferring the more comfortable surroundings of a village, McClure soon comes to Buffalo leaving Fort Niagara guarded by but one hundred and fifty men. The British see their opportunity and capture Fort Niagara. McClure, with unaccountable cowardice, then retreats to Batavia, taking his regulars with him. The militia at Buffalo feel weak in numbers and in experienced commanders, while the enemy are burning to avenge the destruction of Newark. At midnight, of December 29th, they appear at Black Rock, and drive back the volunteer guard in confusion. Up Niagara Street they come, setting fire to every house, and their sav.igo .Mohawk allies .scatter through the wilder- ness of what is now the populous tenth and eleventh wards. At every clearintj they burn the homes and tomahawk the farmers. The volunteers rally at the corner of Main and Niagara Streets, where they fire a nine- pound gun until they break a truck wheel, and thus crippled. Dr. Chapin tears off a piece of his shirt and ■waving it on his sword advances to surrender the whole town to the vengeful invaders. But ho is not in authority and the enemy, after a parley, refuse to treat with him. Meanwhile the Indians have reached upper Main Street and arc coming down in hordes, burning and massacreing as they come — but fortunately most of the women and children have fled out Seneca Street, and in the snow along the lake shore. Fire laid nearly the whole village in ashes that day, and on the next the enemy returned .ind finished their work. Not half a dozen buildings remained. Newark was fully avenged. Tliese are the last eventful scenes for Buffalo, in the War of 1812. In 1814, the Americans captured Fort Erie, and fight the victorious battles of Lundy's Lane and Chippewa. General Jackson takes New Orleans and peace is declared. Slowly the village is rebuilt. In 18L'i> a new village charter is granted superseding the one of 1813, wiiich ILLUSTRATED =*U J^ii CITY OF THE LAKESi the destruction of the town seemed to liave invalidated. Brick is now largely used for building instead of" combustible lumber and logs, and a rival newspaper, the Niagara Journal, stimulates discussion and helps to advertise Buffalo as a place of desirable residence. The court house, built in 1816, is an imposing brick structure, that stood and was used until 1876. The Erie canal is projected; a slave woman and child are advertised for sale in the Oasette oi January 27, 1818; St. Paul's Church is organized; stage routes are opened in every direction, and in 1818, also, the great Seneca orator Red Jacket clinstens the tirst steamboat to ply the lakes. She has a walking-beam engine, is launched at Black Rock, and is named Watk-m-the- Water. The Rev. Father Kelly of Rochester comes to Buffalo in 1821 and says the first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in this region since Father Hennepin and his bark chapel, and he says it in St. Paul's Episco- pal Church ! From Mr. Henry S. Thayer's valuable little "Corporate History of Buffalo," we learn that the first tax in Buffalo was levied November 11, 1816, and amounted to $1,400; that the first fire company was organized on March 7, 1817, and the second in 1824; that in 1826 licences were granted to fourteen taverns and sixty-four groceries; that sidewalks were ordered laid July 27, 1829; that on April 20, 1832, the City of Buffalo was incorporated, with five wards, and that the foundation of the present city charter was laid in a convention called in 1853 to revise the charter of 1832. In April 1821, Erie County was separated from Niagara County, and Millard Fillmore, a young lawyer, began to teach school on upper Main Street. The liarbor of Buffalo Creek was being built by the admirable energy and pluck of Judge William Wilkcson, with money raised by private enterprise, and by this Black Rock gets a set back, as well as in the efforts of that ambitious village to be the terminus of the Erie Canal, for the commissioners — De Witt Clinton, Gen. Stephen Van Rensselaer, Henry Seymour, Myron Holley, and Samuel Young — hear the claims of both villages (in dignified court in the dancing hall of the Eagle Tavern), as cham- pioned by Judge Wilkeson and Gen. Peter Porter, respectively. On August 9, 1823 ground is broken near the present Commercial Street bridge, for the great Erie canal, and the event is properly celebrated. The year 1825 saw Buffalo with 2,412 inhabitants, four newspapers and about five hundred houses. That year the whole country was absorbed in a sensation equalling the recent Kemmler execution — the trial, condemnation, and hanging of the three Thayers, for the murder of John Love in the village of Boston, Erie County. That same year La Fayette visited Buffalo, and it was also the date of the laying of the corner-stone of " Ararat, a City of Refuge for the Jews," by the eccentric Hebrew journalist, Major Mordecai Manuel Noah, who planned to build such a city I'li «;iaii(l Island. Messrs. Bigelow and Lamed thus describe the event: "The st.iiie was cut from the Cleveland, O. sandstone quarries, and after being engraved, was placed on the altar of St. Paul's Church for the ceremony of 'laying.' There was a grand procession of soldiers, Free Masons and citizens, with Major Noah in black and crimson robes as ' Judge of Israel ' wearing a golden medallion and chain. The band played the march from Judas Maccabeus, the organ swelled forth a 'Jubilate,' the congregation sang 'Before Jehovah's Awful Throne' 'Old Hundred ;" morning prayer was said. Rev. Addison Searle, the rector of St. Paul's preached. Judge Noah explained his project, the Masons ' laid ' the corner-stone, the crowd dispersed, guns were fired, there was a banquet at the Eagle ; Major Noah went back to New York — and that was the end of ' Ararat' The corner-stone now reposes in the rooms of the Historical Society." The same year the Erie canal was opened, with great ceremony throughout the State. Cannons were placed the whole length of the canal, within hearing distance of each other, and when Governor Clinton and his party left for Albany on the first boat the event was telegraphed, by cannon shots, to Albany and back. Judge Wilkeson, later, brought a barrel of ocean water to Buffalo and poured it into Lake Erie, thus wedding the mighty inland seas to the everlasting ocean. . The Niagara frontier produced another national sensation, 1825 — the mysterious disappearance of William Morgan, after his expose of Free Masonry. The affair got into politics and in 1829 all the lodges in Erie County gave up their charters. That awful demon, Asiatic cholera visited America in 1832, returning in 1834, and Buffalo felt its sharp fangs and hot breath. Wagon loads of victims were buried in hastily-dug graves, and doctors, nurses, under- takers and priests worked day and night. Again it returned in 1849, but was not so deadly. Buffalo grew .steadily from the day it got its charter, in 1832, till 1880, gaining an average of about ILLUSTRATED ^xSvffalojC THE QUEEN CITY OF THE L^AKCgi 151 37,000 each decade. But during the jiiist decade (1880-18fl0) slie lias gained 101,400! Somctinies a " boom " w;us worked up, by land speculators, and was invariably followed by a crasli. Still another national sensation had its rise and dcatli on the Niagara frontier — the Patriot War, so called — being an effort of a political party in Canada to free the Dominion from British control. The many sympa- thizers on the American side, who were organized into secret societies, and the attempts at invasion, together, with the burning of the steamer Caroline at Schlosser dock, foot of Sugar Street, Niagara Kails, and her fiery flight over the great cataract, made talk for two nations, and added many interesting pages to our local history. Business was paralyzed by the financial panic of 1S37, but soon recovered, and 1842 saw the first railroad enter Buffalo — the Buffalo and Attica Railroad. To-day there arc twenty-seven railroads in and to this city, with more than G50 miles of tracks within the city limits, or more than any other city in the world, and four new roads iire projected and building, including the great Canadian Pacific. The railroads own, within the forty-lwu b4uare uiilL- of our rity, :3,600 aerc-s of laml. The depots of nearly ]■_', 000 miles of railroad are con- c profitably smelted there, nor at Chicago, Milwaukee, nor at Detroit, because coal is too ex- pensive, but the vessels carrying up-cargoes of coal from Buffalo bring this ore down to the Queen City on their return trips, and thus the imports were increased to the enormous total of 479,840 tons received in 1889, or a ijain of C96 per cent, since 18701 And the trade is only just begun, with natural gas fuel in abundance soon to flow into Buffalo, to make this one of the cheapest smelting points in the world. Look at the live stock trade. As the flocks of sheep and herds of cattle multiply on the western moun- tain sides and prairies ; as the swine fatten in the corn states and horses increase upon the blue-grass pastures of Kentucky ; as the profitableness of raising all these animals is yearly proven to the producers, and thus in- duces more millions of American and foreign money to go into those industries, so surely do they one and all combine to increase the prosperity of Buffalo, their natural market and distributing point. Let us prove this by figures. In 1857, when Gen. Fremont "The ralhtinder," had just opened up the great West, and the raising of cattle was established as an industry, Buffalo received 108,203 head of cattle. In 1889 she received 898,149 head. In 1857, Buffalo received but 117,168 head of hogs, but last year (1889) the number was 3,966,560. In 1857 this city received only 307,549 head of sheep, but last year the total was 2,434,800, making her the largest sheep market in the world. See the increase in the horse business of BuffaU): Ten years ago (1879) the receipts were 20,976 head, that grew to 59,033 head in 1889, or an increase of more than 181 per cent, in the past decade, making Buffalo one of the largest horse markets in the world. The importance of Buffalo as a meat packing and slaughtering point has also wonderfully developed in the past ten years, and many cattle men believe that it will outrank Chicago in these industries before another ten years. Here is a comprehensive way of showing this increase in the number of animals slaughtered : Head of cattle. Head of hogs. Head of sheep. 1879 28,000 406,295 88.600. 1889 66,500 1,894.785 790.800. Increase in cattle slaughtered, 138 per cent.; hogs, 366 per cent; sheep 792 percent.! A magnificent total, and made for the first time on this page. And think of the men whom this great labor at East Buffalo must employ, as the business increases, and it surely will, in the coming years. It is no wonder, of the gain of 101,409 inhabitants made by Buffalo in the i)ast ten years, with her thirteen populous wards; that the three wards of East Buffalo should have gained 63,145 of that number, or more than 56 i)er cent, of the net gain of the whole city ! Look at the coal trade, that more than any other single possession makes Buffalo the mistress of an inland empire. Before the development of the Northwest, Buffalo was only a local distributing point for coal. But as the homes and hearth-stones multiplied in the West, with their supporting factories and locomotives, the demand for coal increased, and it was too expensive to send it West on wheels. So the producers sought the natural highway — the lake — and brought their millions of tons of coal to Buffalo to be put into vessels. This handling of fuel added more thousands to the city's population, and raised her up to be the largest eoal distributing point in the world, which place she proudly holds to-day. This great progress has principally been made in the past decade. We see that Buffalo received, from all sources, only 1,827,804 tons of coal in 1879, while last year (1889) her exports alone were 3,168,343 tons, exceeding her imports of ten yeare before by seventy-three and one third per cent., not including the immense consumption of coal in Buffalo for a whole year. It is estimated that the family consumption, not including factory uses, was 305,000 tons in 1889. The requirements of manu- facturing, and of the thousands of locomotives running out of the city, was many times greater than the family use. Estimating the average load of a freight car to be twenty tons, and the average length of a car 35 feet, it would take a train of cars more than 10,500 miles long to haul the coal exported by Buffalo last year. This train would reach, in a direct line, if it were possible, from Buffalo to the South Pole, and a thousand miles be- yond ; or due West to Pekin, China, and if a carload were dumped every minute, it would take eleven months, in working days of ten hours each, to unload it. If we are to judge from the preparations now making, this ILLUSTRATED 64 enormous output of coal from Buffalo will be doubled in the next five years. Wo now have nine shipping docks and coal pockets in the city, with a daily average shipping capacity of 27,500 tons. In addition to these, just over the city line in Cheektowaga is the stocking coal trestle of the Delaware Lackawana & Western Eail- road Company, with a capacity of more than 100,000 tons storage. Also at the same place the Lehigh Com- pany has built a stocking plank of 150,000 tons storage, with a daily shipping capacity of 2,000 tons. At the Bame point the Eric railroad has a plant for storing 100,000 tons, and for delivering 1,000 tons a day; and the New York Central road is now building there a coal storage trestle to accommodate 250,000 tons. The Buffalo, Rochester, and Pittsburgh Comj)any has also bought land for a big coal storage trestle. So we see that Buffalo's grain feeds nations ; that her lumber would make shelter for millions ; that her iron trade gives employment to hundreds of thousands ; that her live-stock feeds millions of the race, and that her coal keeps the wheels of all the factories in an inland empire in motion, and cheers, and brightens, and warms a million homes. Now listen to Buffalo's minor stories of progress, lior imports of lead were thirty-five times greater last year than ten years ago ; her receipts of copper were proportionately great ; of fresh fish, the imports were 10,260,000 pounds, making her the largest fresh fish market in the world; of manufacturing there was an in- crease of 100 per cent, in the number of establishments and of the capital invested. In the past ten years, the banking capital of Buffalo has doubled ; the increase in real estate values, as shown by the Assessors' books, has been 89^ per cent, or nearly 9 per cent, a year on every dollar invested in land in Buffalo. There has been an increaseiu marriages of 78.6 per cent.; of births over deaths, a gain of 46 per cent, proving the claim for healthfulness of the city; of post-office business there was a gain of 287.5 per cent., and of custom house receipts, 68 per cent, increase. The city's own business shows that her additions to corporation property made a gain 168.6 per cent, in the decade ; of water supply, an increase of 252 per cent; of street paving an of 1 1 2. per cent, and in length of sewers, 97 per cent. Tier school registration increased 74.2 per ILLUSTRATED : THE i CITY OF THE LAKESiJ JUFFALOM THEau^^EH cent., and the cost of miiintenancc 168.5 per cent., while tlio number of teachers is 50 per cent, larger tiian it was ten years ago. When it is renienibereJ that during the same period the population of Buffalo incre:iscd 66 per cent., or nearly three times faster than the growth of New York City, as shown by tlie last census re- ports, it must be admitted that this development has been solid, healthy, and in no way nor in the least as the result of " a boom." CIIAPTEIi VIII. 'kooKESS ok lllKKAl.O A.VD THE LaWS GoVEKNINU HIE (luOWTII OK A (iUEAT C'lTV TllE N'lAClAKA 1'"aI,L8 TrN'NEL Pkoject and Its Pkouaule Ekkect Upon the I'Y'tuke ok Bukfalo and the Niaoaka Fkon- TiER — Cost ok Water Power at other Manukacturino Points — An Estimate ok Buffalo's Popu- lation for the Year 1900, Based upon Facts Shown by the Census Reports — Nature Conspires WITH Max to Give Buffalo Advantages Superior to any other ('ity. Nature, a mother kind alike to all, SliU grants her bliss at Labor's earnest call. From art more various arc the blessings sent— Wealth, commerce, honor, liberty, content. Coldstmith. The present proud position that Butfalo holds ainon<^ tlie great cities of the world w;is won by Labor and the peaceful arts, favored and blest by Nature. There arc certain elements in the growth of a great city wliich may perhaps be called laws, so fixed and ■ .rtain is their course and effect. Let us look into these laws: The growth of a city is like the building up of a private fortune. The first thousand comes slowly, by ijieat labor, economy and foresight. After the first thousand it becomes a little easier to get ahead, and growth becomes steady. The proportion of growth increases, until what was only a slow but sure pace, becomes a trot, and the trot a gallop. After a man gets a million dollars, cverytiiing runs his way — opportunities, advantages, and even circnm- >i.inces seem to conspire to make him richer. So with a city. Tlierc comes a time when the village buds into a town. Soon the town, as a city, gets a charter. Then, with the jiowcrs of a corporation, it begins to improve itself — to build parks, have street railroads, fine schools and business blocks, and constantly adds more facilities and advantages to induce outsiders to conic in, and at tlie same time this ratio or proportion of growth increases until everything runs that way. And, lo, the city is a mctropolits ! dictating in commerce, polities and finance; able to make its power felt throughout the globe. It has been like this with Buffalo. It took her more than half :i,centiiiy to climb from a population of 8,653 to become in ISVO, the thirteenth city in the Union, in population. But, sec how the hard struggles of her early years, and the foresight of lier pioneers, made her present wonderful development possible. Her geograi)hical position was most favorable. She was the jumping-off-]ilacc between the great inland seas and the ocean. She wiis the gateway through which cominerco to the seaboard had to pass. As this commerce grew, she grew, and if every Buffalonian would but stop to think of it, he would rejoice at the prosperity and the building up of Chicago, Duluth, all the upper lake ports, and those cities " on Dakota's plains," for their increase means our growth ; their prosperity, ours. And to the effect upon Buffalo's growth of this development of the great Northwest, sending its countless tons of freight to and through Buffalo, must be added the effect of the increasing population of Western New York, whose twelve counties to-day liold more than 2,000,000 people — a district of which Buffalo is and always will be the natural di-stributing center. As a proof of the truth of the parallel between the incrc;isc of a fortune and the growth of a city, I have brought figures to assist the case. The fact that the more money a man makes the more he ean make (because the more power given to him, the more he has of it to exert, and money is a power) needs no use of figures to prove. But that the ratio of gain in jiopulation that a city gets from a healthy growth, increases by the very possession of this power is proven in his manner: In 1860 Buffalo had a population of 81,129 — not a large 66 ^^BWFALOA -^"^^"^^^ ILLUSTRATED THE CITY OF THE LAKES. city. There was a good deal of the overgrown village about her, even then. Ten years lat«r she had become the home of 117,714 people — a splendid record. This was a gain of 45 jjcr cent, in ten years. But with these new inhabitants came more laborers, more advantages, better facilities for business, and more of that potent factor— money. Then we see our economic law assert itself. Buffalo has reached that point when, like the fortune, everything is running her way — opportunities, advantages, and a conspiracy of circumstances— and she is rushing on to become a great metropolis. So we see that from 1880 to 1890, she jumped from 155,134 to 256,543 (less than the City Directory estimate, July, 1889 — 266,588) or a gain of 66 per cent, in ten years. A keen observer, a graphic writer, and one of a family of wise men — Frank Wilkeson — has said, through the columns of the A^ew York Times: "As 1 look forward to Buffalo's future, I am not at all certain that Chicago will be the largest city on the lakes." And the editor of the Wew Yor/i; Tribune, having a few facts about Buffalo's marvelous growth presented to him, exclaims editorially : " The past of Buffalo is secure, and her manifest destiny is evidently to be something tremenduous." Simultaneously with the announcement to the world that America would hold the next great carnival of Industry and Peace in 1893, the news also was spread that the greatest industrial wonder of the greatest age of man was to be wrought, the conversion of water-power at Niagara Falls into force sufficient three times over to drive all the machinery in Buffalo, and yet take but a rivulet away from that mighty cataract. This was news that two generations had waited for; that old men rejoiced that they had lived to hear; that wise men and historians had prophesied would one day be announced, and news that, even while I write, is still passing from mouth to mouth around the globe. The great New York dailies have given pages to the unfolding of the plan, while those accurate and conservative journals, the trade and industrial papers, have begun to see, in the very near future, all the wheels of the Empire State turned by the mighty cataract, and themselves are prophesying in Niagara's name. Let us approach this wonderfully absorbing subject calmly, and try, by simple statement of fact and by simple figures to learn just what can be expected for Niagara Falls and Buffalo from the development of this water-power. The plan is well-known. A tunnel starting from the level of the river below the Falls, and being about 24 feet in diameter, will be bored for nearly three miles almost parallel with the course of the river above the Falls, and gradually inclining upward until at its end it will still be 145 feet below the level of the river. The tunnel will not be directly under the river, but some distance to the east. Canals will be dug from the river over to and past a line on the surface of the ground directly over the tunnel, but on this line perpendicular shafts will be sunk straight down to the tunnel, and turbine water wheels will be set at the bottom, fed from the canals above, and emptying into the tunnel, which is merely a tail-race. The canals above tvill float ships, and on their banks mills will be built for all kinds of manufacturing where great power is used, and also for converting the power into electricity, for distribution to Buffalo, Lockport, Tonawanda and other points — possibly to To- ronto. Picture for a moment the great wheat fields of the Northwest and remember that there will be but two handlings of grain between the fields syid the millstones at the everlasting cataract. Imagine this power pro- duced at one-fifth the present average cost of steam power, and the mills begin to multiply along the shore of the Niagara River in one grand stretch from Buffalo to the mighty waterfall. Then remember that the tunnel can be lengthened from its two and a-half to twenty miles, and that instead of one a score of them can be built. Yet it is not with the possibilities but with the reasonable certainties that we are dealing. One hundred and fifty thousand horse power can be produced by the present tunnel plan when completed. The Cataract, Construction Company of New York City and Niagara Falls has entered into a contract with the Niagara Falls Power Company (which owns the franchise for developing the power) to complete this tunnel by January 1, 1892. The price for their work will be about $3,500,000. Among the oflScers of the construction company are : Edward A. Wickes and F. L. Stetson, vice-presidents : W. B. Rankin, secretary ; and George H. Kent treasurer. Mr. Stetson is the Hon. Grover Cleveland's law-partner in New York. Among the gentlemen con- nected with this company are members of such well-known firms as Winslow, Lanier & Co., Brown Bros. & Co., Drexel, Morgan & Co., D. O. Mills, W. K. Vanderbilt, W. McK. Twombly, and stockholders of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad and the New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad. The engineers of the company are Albert H. Porter, Coleman Sellers and Clemens Herschel. Work has already begun upon the construction of the tunnel. ILLUSTRATEU The officers of tlie Niiiirara Kails I'.nvor Cotiijianv arc: I'losidotil, fliailcs li. (;askill ; Treasurur, Francis l:. Delano; Sccrctarv, Ali-xan.lcr .1. Tortcr; Attorneys, W. Caryl Ely, W. I'.. Itankin; Resident Enirineer, All.ert II. Porter. The sum of *40.000 was speiil in iii.ikint,' llie i.reliniinary survey und in determining the feasibility of tlic jiroject. Thomas A. Edison has been retained to devise a method of transmitting power to Buffalo. Lie lias .1 map showing the location of every shop and factory in IJuffalo where power is used. It shows that 50,000 horse-power is employed. He has already liad a cor[)s of men looking over the ground, and is confident that any desired quantity of power n<;-lieailhere, tlien yon are not up in modern methods of city building: "Chicago, July 1.— The transfer was filed yesterday of nearly 400 acres of land soutli of the Calumet Iron and Steel Company's mills at Cummings, the consideration for which will be ^;J85,000. The purchasers are Washburnc, Moen ife Co., tlie great wire concern. Several humlred thousand dollars will be cx[)eiided on improvemonts, and the firm will erect works capable of giving employment to between .'?,500 and 4,000 men." What Buffalo needs is another organization of its business men, which will set forth our advantages to the world. We have had a Business Men's Association, but it died a natural death, from a disease that is well known. Its lingering death, instead of being a warning against resurrection, should be looked upon as so much experience gained, and the siioal upon which it was wrecked could be avoided next time. Can we not liave another organization, managed with full open meetings each month for all the meniber.*, with social tjatherings once in a while where they could meet and talk and dino together; with a membership fee so small that work- mgmen can become members, and ranks so large that no clique or set of men can get control? Can not all wlio wish to see our proud city seize Iier destiny, join hands and might and assert her place, ask for lier rights, and insist upon it that a city whose population has increased 66 per cent, in the past decade or more than twice as fast as Xew York City has grown — shall be recognized by all the world, and sliall have added to her the factory chimneys, the church spires, and the countless cottage roofs which now go to towns that possess less natural riglit, fewer advantages, but more enterprise than Buffalo. Wake up. Buffalo I Wake up ! CIIAPTKR X. Buffalo has One of the Largest Natural Gas Fields in the World Lving Right at Her Door. — Work Now Under Way to Pipe the Fuel into the City.— This Factor, which Gave Pittsburgh IIer Recent Rapid Growth, is soon to be a Possession of Buffalo. — With Cheap Fuel for Manu- facturing, WITH Bessemer Ore fro.\i Lake Superior, and the Best Railroad Facilities, this City Ought to Become a Greater Iron Centre than Pittsburgh or Manchester ok Birmingham. .\ Description of the Gas Fields which have Just Been Tapped and which Show an Inexhaust- ible Amount of Nature's Free Fuel. And again the tongues of flame Start exulting and exclaim : " These are propliets, bards, and seers ; In the horoscope of nations, Like ascendant constellations, They control the coming years." Longfellow. Who can foretell the mighty influence upon the coming years of Buffalo that shall be wrought by the use of natural gas ? When those potent " tongues of flame" shall burn under every steam boiler ; in every home, shop, factory, stove ; in every blacksmith's forge, and in the huge furnaces that are to be kindled, to reduce the fine Bessemer ore of the Lake Vermilion iron mines into fiery streams of progress, may not the poet's prophecy be fulfilled; and may not those tongues of flame "control the coming years"? When we see how mighty was the influence of this fuel upon the development of Pittsburgli, enablinsj her in a few years to leap over older and greater cities in the census race, we get some idea of the effect which it must have upon the future growth of Buffalo. It will surely add thousands to her population and millions to her treasury. The possession of this natural gas fuel is just as certainly to be bestowed upon Buffalo as is this vear's wheat crop of Dakota sure to come into Buffalo's elevators before next Spring. Local geologists, with more theory than practical knowledge, long ago promulgated their decree that no gas should come out of the earth in this vicinity; that it was not the right kind of earth to produce ga.s, and ILLUSTRATED 74 ^^IDVFFALOjC that there was no gas here to come out. But it did come out, in accidental ways, and tliese wise heads stili protested that this territory was not a natural gas field. But the men who smelled gas in their water wells,, took more stock in the evidences of their own noses than in the learned protestations of the alleged scientists. They drilled for natural gas, and most of them found it in paying quantities, and several large establishments are now using this fuel out of the very soil of Buffalo. Just a few weeks ago, at Kenmore, a well was struck that now registers two hundred and fifty pounds pressure, and for the safety of the casings it has to be blown off every half hour. But up to date the most remarkable strikes of natural gas have been made just across the river in Canada. The daily papers have recorded them, and from those accurate sources of news we reprint the following clippings: KiNGSViLLE, Ont., July 31. — Yesterday afternoon gas was struck here at a depth of 900 feet, and the flow- is estimated at 20,000,000 cubic feet per day. The roar is deafening, and when the vein was struck, the drills: were thrown high in the air, and for ten minutes rocks and dirt came out. There is great rejoicing in King.s- ville, and the gas fever has returned with a vengeance. Thousands are flocking to the well. Port Colborne, Out, July 12. — Interest in the gas wells does not abate in the least. The output of the- latest gusher, namely the Ed Near well, has not yet been accurately measured, but it promises to show the- liighest pressure of any of the many wells already in and around Port Colborne. Ottawa, Ont., July 18.— The Provincial Natural Gas and Fuel Company will this week sign a contract with the Standard Oil Company to supply the latter company with natural gas from their wells in Welland County. The gas will be conveyed in a pipe to Buffalo, and there sold by the Standard Oil people for fuel purposes. A great many people believe that this vast possession, with all its power as a city-builder, ought not to faU into the control of a corporation, but should be taken by the city of Buffalo and controlled just as her water supply is managed. The city pumps the water, lays pipes to our homes, sells us the water cheaper than in the ILLUSTRATED _ JLOJ^ CITY OF THE LAKES. Vo ti-n other leading cities of the Unile.l States of ely- ing her citizens with water, but she recently took the work of electric street lighting out of the han0 m 1887; 20 in 1888; and 20 in 1889. This shows that in tiic decade between 1870 and 1880 there was an avenigc of twelve ;issociations incorporated each year, and during the decades hotwecn 1880 ami 1800 the aver- ai^c was seventeen each year. The increasing popularity of this comparatively new economic idea among workingmeii is thus shown in the fact that there were more than 43 per cent, more associations formed in the past decade than in the pre- vious ten years; also by the fact that during the first seven and a half months of 1890 there were thirty- nine associations incorporated, or more than were ever before formed in any whole year, and nearly twice as many as were organized in any year of the decade between 1870 and 1880. The increasing popularity of the idoa is also shown bv the increased amount of money loaned each year, as shown below. A study of the total amounts of money loaned by these frugal societies each year gives a sure insight into- Iho conditions of labor in Buffalo, each year during the past decade. It shows that, as above, comparatively few associations were organized during the hard times of '73, '74, and '7.'), and the loans of 1873 were nearly one-half less than in the more prosperous year of 1874. To ascertain the number of loans made in the decade, the average amount of each loan, the total amount each year, and tlic total for the ten years, necessitated a careful examination of every page in nearly a score of big libers in the County Clerk's office. It was a month's work, and here is the interesting result : There were 5, ,593 loans on bond and mortgage recorded. TIicsc were made by iJ93 associations, out of the 416 that have ever been organized, so that it is safe to say that there are 331 savings and building-loan associations doing- (insiness in Buffalo to-day, including those organized in 1890. The total amount saved and loaned by all the associations was $4,789,142.29, or an average of $856.27 each loan. When we consider that this vast sum (which in silver dollars laid side by side would reach from the Buffalo City Hall in a straight line for more than sixty-six miles, or as far as Rochester, or Toronto, or Bradford — air line) was saved from the daily earn- ings of nearly 20,000 workingmen and women of Buffalo, most of it in dimes, half-dimes, and sums less than one dollar, we are moved, not only to admiration at this magnificent testimonial to the thrift and frugality of the people of Buffalo, but we realize, in a measure, the vast material prosperity of our city that it signifies. It is safe to say that each loan made was used in building a home for some workingman of Buffalo, or that 5,593: of the 50,000 and odd buildings of all kinds now standing in this city were built from these savings in the past ten years. Very few of the loans were for any other purpose. The largest single loan recorded was $11,650, made by the Eric County Permanent Savings and Loan A.ssociation ; the smallest, $100, loaned by the Homestead Savings and Loan Association; also one by the^ Riverside Savings Fund and Aid Association, No. 1. The total loans of all associations each year wi-n : 1880 $313,837.49 1881 293,100.71 1882 633,372.86 1883 381,767.25 1884 396,307.80 1885 475,461.40 1886 451,157.62 1887 .584,446.00 1888 (-.14,430.72 1 889 045.260.44 Total for decade $4,789,142.29 The six associations doing the largest business in the ten years of our estimate were : Erie Savings and Ix)ati Association, 8341,095; Irish-American Savings and Loan Association, $313,674.25; Clinton Mutual Sav- ings and Loan Association, $204,540.05 ; Homestead Savings and Loan Association, $122,255; Riverside Savings Fnnd and Aid Association, $90,900: William and Sherman Savings and Loan Association. $71,050. ILLUSTRATED M Si CITY OF THE LAKES. CHAPTER XII. Buffalo the Most Healthfcl of Thirtv-six Leading American Cities, as Shown bv " The New York World." — How Her Climate Compares with That of Leading European Centres and World- famed Health Resorts.— The Cheapest Water Supply of Eleven Other Large American Cities, and the Lowest Tax-rate of the Sixty-five Most Important Cities and Towns in the Fnion. — Every Possible Advantage Desired bv the Manufacturer, and by the Capitalist Seeking a Place for Investment. " Ye glittering towus, with wealth and spleudor crowned, Ye fields where summer spreads profusion round. Ye lakes whose vessels catch the busy gale, Ye bending swains that dre.ss the flowery vale — For me your tributary stores combine ; Creation's heir, the world, the world is mine !" Oold^imilh. Surely that city which, to furnish raw materials for her industries, takes tribute from every land under the sun, may claim the world as hers. Civilization is focused upon that point at the foot of the great chain of inland seas where Buffalo makes use of every art and invention of man to aid her thousand different industries; to give necessities, comforts, and luxuries to her hundreds of thousands of citizens, and entertainment to her daily throngs of visitors. This city has a heritage in the Niagara River, if no vessels ever rode on its bosom, and no power is ever derived from its fall or rapid current. The writer has made an inquiry of the water departments of twelve American cities, ranging in populatipn from 16.5,000 to 450,000, viz.: St. Louis, Boston, Baltimore, Cincinnati, Buffalo, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Detroit, St. Paul, Milwaukee, Louisville, and Minneapolis, to determine the gross income of their water-works ILLUSTRATED HI plants, their operating expenses, income per capita, expense per capita, anJ net income per capita, to dctcnninc tbe relative cheapness of Buffalo's bountiful supply of Niagara water for manufacturing and general use. No ihouijhtful person will underestimate the value of tliese facts, and certainly not the man or company that is con- templating moving a manufacturing plant here, or of making this city a hu The inquiry dcv ses twice per 1,000 gallons; Milwaukee as cheap as any of these cities, cx.-rj.t MilwaukiM'. r.ulT.il.. .■li.uges : 5 cents. If the consumption of water per capita is an index of the degree of cleanliness of people, then Buffalo takes the lead, for she uses 155 gallons a day for every inhabitant, which is more than twice the quantity used by the people of Minneapolis, St. Louis, or Louisville, and considerably more than is used by Pittsburgli, Milwau- kee, or Chicago. ILLUSTRATED ^^B^FFALOJC THE-OlirEEN _CITy_OF_THE LAKE& Ooraparino- the income with the expense of the water-works plants in these cities we find that the expense of maintenance per capita is less in Buffalo than in Boston, Milwaukee, St. Louis, Detroit, Cincinnati, or Pitts- burgh, while the income to Buffalo for the use of water per capita, is greater than it is in Cleveland, Cincinnati, Louisville, St. Paul, or Minneapolis. It costs each inhabitant of Buffalo 51 cents a year to maintain the water-works, while the receipts from the use of water are $1.90 for each inhabitant. This means that the water department of Buffalo pays a revenue to the citv of about $500,000 a year — a sum that would pay the interest on an investment of $8,333,333 at six per cent and yet, our wliole plant is only valued at $741,350. How much better this is than to liave our ■water supplied at exorbitant cost by a private corporation — a burden under which many an American city groans. If you, reader, are a manufacturer, depending largely upon water — not for power — compare what you are paying now with the cost of water in Buffalo, and doubtless you will find that the saving will, in a few years, pay the cost of removing your plant here. Do not forget our cheap coal, nor our unsurpassed railroad, lake «nd canal facilities. There are real estate owners in Buffalo, who will give, freely, land enough for your manu- facturing site. That most enterprising newspaper of Christendom, the New York World, in January last published an article showing the vital statistics of loading cities of the United States. It was compiled from returns made to the World by the health officers of the respective municipalities, the period reported being, in almost every case, for the year ending November, 1889. The article also gave the record of marriages and births, which, not being compared one city with another, was of very little interest to the reader. But what it did give, of vital interest to every champion of proud Buffalo, was the following array of figures, showing the annual mortality ratio for each 1,000 inhabitants of the following thirty-six American cities : DEATH RATE PER 1,000 POPULATION: Buffalo 16.63 Allegheny, Pa 16.90 Niishville, Tenu 1T.02 Denver, Col 17.10 San Antonio, Texas 17.18 New Haven. Conn 17 40 <}alveston, Texas 17 45 Chicago, 111 17.50 Portland, Mc 17.78 Cincinnati, O 18.11 Cleveland, 18.11 San Francisco, Cal 18 S7 Wilmington, Del 19. 10 Baltimore, Md 19 16 Richmond, Va 1931 Philadelphia, Pa 19.66 Manchester, N. H 19.95 St. Louis, Mo 30.49 Wasbiugtou, D. C 30.60 Atlanta, Ga 20.63 Hartford, Conn 30 70 Providence, R. 1 21.20 Patterson, N. J 21 78 Pittsburgh, Pa 33.04 Brooklyn, N. Y 22.21 Jersey City, N. J . . 23.30 Newark, N. J 23 70 Savannah, Ga 23. 77 Albany, N. Y 33.81 New Orleans, La 24. 09 Boston. Mass 31.97 Lowell, Mass 31.97 Hoboken.N.J 3.-..30 New York, N. Y 25.21 Charieston, S. C 30.79 Mobile, Ala 31 . 20 It should be known, also, tliat a practice maintains here in Buffalo of crediting against the city all deatlis that occur in the city hospitals, invalids' hotels, and medical and surgical institution.s, of which there are several in Buffalo that are widely advertised, and whose reputation for skilled physicians is so great that chronic invalids are brought here from all over the United States, who are past all earthly help, and many of whom die here, in these beneficent institutions. This most certainly increases the average death-rate of Buffalo, as given out by her Bureau of Vital Statistics. Buffalo is favored with cool summers and not excessively cold winter.?. We know nothing here of the severity of winter weather, at Chicago, Duluth, St. Paul, Milwaukee and other cities of the West and Northwest. The mean annual temperature of Buffalo is 48.9, and the mean annual rain-fall in inches, 42.40. This is within one degree in temperature to the average climate of Denver, Col., Boise City, Idalio, Springfield, Ma.ss., ILLUSTRATED THE UV/KEN CITY or THE LAKES. Santa Fe N. M., Oinalia, Neh., ami Olyinpia, Wasli., though iho cxlrc'iiies of heat and cold in thcso wiiloly- separatcd points differ greatly. Buffalo has the same average climate as Amsterdam, Uolland; Berlin, Germany ; Birmingham, England ; Glasgow, Scotland; Paris, France ; and Vienna, Austria, all of which cities, except Birmingham, are world- famed for their delightful climate. The famous medicinal springs of Germany and Austria, and the sea-side resorts of the English Channel and the Belgian coast have almost the same average climate as Buffalo. Many Southern people come to Buffalo and vicinity every summer, and her neighlioriiig lakes of Conesus and Chau- tauqua are lined with the summer cottages of Southern planters. Thanks to that most accurate and complete work, the " People's Cyclopa)dia of Universal Knowledge," from the great publishing house of Phillips & Hunt of New York and San Francisco, we are enabled to give outside capitalists another convincing proof of Buffalo's superior position over all other American cities as a place for the safe, economic and profitable investment of money. The tables of statistics which this great Cyclopsedia publishes arc compiled from the latest possible official information, by a corps of learned editors and ex|)ert statisticians, including Mr. Joseph D. Weeks, expert and special agent of the United States Census and Geological Survey, also Thomas A. Edison, inventor, and others. Men of this class as compilers, are the highest possible recommendation for tlie accuracy of the statements made in the book. One of the features of interest in this publication is a compilation entitled " Debts of the United States Cities and Rates of Taxation, according to the Latest Attainable Data." The cities are named in alphabetical order, and the table shows the net debt of e.ich city, and the tax on each $100. When re-arranged, to deter- mine the relative cheapness of taxation in Buffalo over the other sixty-five cities iiaujod, we find the following proud showing : Buffalo Manchester, N. H. Peabody. Ma.ss Springfield, O Portsmouth, N. H. Cambridge, Mass. . . eiirh $100. ....$1.61 ... 1.G3 . . . . 1.62 .... 1.63 . .. 1.63 .... 1.66 Tax mi i;ach JIOO. Brockton, Mass $1.66 Lawrence, Mass 1.66 Hyde Park, Miuss 1.68 Haverhill, Mass 1.74 Worcester, Mass 1.74 New Bedford, Mass 1.75 ILLUSTRATED rax on each $100. Wilmington, N. C 11.75 Kan-^vis City, Mo 1.75 Medford, Mass 1.76 Hartford, Conn 1.81 Gloucester, Mass 1.85 Covington, Ky 1.85 Fall River, Mass 1.88 Clielsea, Mass 1.88 Wcburn, Mass 1.90 Richmond, Va 1.90 Philadelphia, Pa 1.90 Fitchburg, Mass 1.90 Minneapolis, Minn 1.92 Auburn, Me 2.00 Biddeford, Me 3.00 St. Johnsbury, Vt 2.00 East Saginaw, Mich 2.02 Bay City, Mich 2.10 Calais, Me... 2.10 Lynn, Mass 2.10 Mai Iborough, Mass 2.10 St. Paul, Minn 3.10 Portland, Me 2.15 Lewiston, Me 3.25 St. Louis, Mo 2.25 New York, N. Y 2.25 Columbus, 2.36 Tan on each $100. Brooklyn, N. Y $2.32 Bangor, Me 3.34 Louisville, Ky 2.35 Cincinnati, 2.3S Scranton, Pa 2.40 Newark, N. J 2.44 Lake Township, 111 3.47 Bath, Me 2.50 Milwaukee, Wis 2.50 Toledo, 2.50 Poughkeepsie, N. Y'' 2.5S St. Joseph, Mo 2.5& Camden, N. J 2.74 Topeka, Kas . 2.75 Rock Island, 111 2.80 Rochester, N. Y 2.86 Jersey City, N. J 2.90 Albany,N.Y 3.92 Pittsburg, Pa 3.92 Savannah, Ga 8.00 Schenectady, N. Y 3.00 Springfield, 111 3.37 Chicago. Ill 3 37 Fon du Lac, Wis 3.50 Hyde Park, 111 3.65 Troy, N. Y' 4. 16 Des Moines, la 4.50 Thus it will be seen that Buffalo outranks not only these si.xty-five large cities of the Union, but as com- pared with other larger cities we see that taxes are more than twice as low in Buffalo as in Chicago, and more than 50 per cent, less than in Rochester, Albany, Troy, Pittsburg, Milwaukee, Toledo, Jersey City, Newark, and thirteen other cities named. It is not strange, then, that the Rockafellers of the Standard Oil Company and other New York million- aires are putting their money into business blocks in Buffalo, and that the great Equitable Life Assurance Company should be feeling after a suitable site for one of their princely office edifices in Buffalo. Come to Buffalo, men and money. Now is the time for profitable investment. Real estate is cheaper to-day in Buffalo, in proportion, than in any other city in the world of her size, and no city in the wide world li;is more natural advantages for growth, or a grander, surer future. Geo. M. Bailey. ILLUSTRATED P,UlTALO. L>'> I..-1U. The pages that follow contain many of the representative h( louses of Buffalo, and in coti- nection with the illustrated portion of the work will be found profitable and interesting. Nl.W YORK, LAKE ERIE, AND WESTERN RAILROAD COM- PANY.— This is one of the most powerful corporations among the railroad companies on the American continent, and is the leading line in Buffalo, where it has spacious pas- senger and freight stations and au e.xtensive stock yard, the latter being at East Buffalo, and the former on Exchange and Michigan Sti-eets. The eastern terminus of this great railroad Is in New York City, and between New York and Buffalo th-- company have a magnificent double track road, affording a delightful view of Amer- ica's most picturesque scenery, and passing through some of the most prosperous cities in the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York. In addition to its main line to Buffalo, the Erie has a through line from New York to Chicago, via Chautauqua Lake, composed of what were formerly known as tlie New York, Pennsyl- vania and Ohio and the Chicagoand Atlantic railroads. It also oper ates numerous branches near New York, and in the coal and oil re- gions of Pennsylvania and in western New York it readies every important city and town. The road ia in sujin 1. . n im i n 1 nat- urally there is no more popular line in the .u Miih experienced travellers. It is one of the faste-' 11 New York and Chicago. The Vestibuled Limited tniii- liniKi.: i . 1 ween these two important cities daily, via the Chaiiianqna Lake route, are the finest in the world. A train is started daily from Keiv York at 3 P.M., and arrives at Chicago at 8.35 p.m. next ilay. This is a solid through train via Binghamton, Elmira, Hornellsville. Salamanca, Jamestown, Lakewood (Chautauqua Lake), Corry, Jleadville, Youngstown, Mansfield, Marion, Decatur, and Huntington. Every car on this train is new, and every car bas the vestibuled platforms, making a complete vestibuled train of baggage, smoking, passenger, sleeping, and dining cars. The forward car of the train is a com- posite car, containing large baggage room and a separate smoking compartment. The passenger day coaches are superior to any ever placed in regular service. The interior is mahogany finish, has a commodious toilet room for ladie.^, and there is a large smoking compartment similar to those in Pidlman cars. No extra charge is made for seats in the day coaches on this train, or for fa.st time or elegant appointments, and only the usual standard rates for accom- modations in the sleeping cars. Breakfast and lunch are served in the dining car at T5 cents each, and dinner at $1.00. The entire train was built by the Pullman Company for this .« steam, lighted by Pintsch gas, and every effort make it the most elegant and comfortable in < favorite train from New Y'ork to Chicago, via Buffalo and Niagara Falls, leaves New York at 6 p.m. every day in the year. It also runs solid, passengers being carried from New York to Chicago without ew of Niagara Falls by daylight, and arriving day. There is Pullman vestibuleil ■md Toronto, except VMieiit sleeping and heated by exerted to Another in Chicago at 10.45 p.m. sleeping couch from Ne\ Saturdays, and also a I'n reclining chair car ft>r !; Buffalo and Niagara 1,1 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 i-, where the com- pany has handsome stall r,, ,,'i i ., h I. r.i i splendid school systi-m, I I ririi rat of events which sub- \J InK lOX UKEWKRY, .1. K Kulin ct S..iis, Nsrs. J. F. Kulm & .Sous, at Nob. IflH, C.'iO, and COS Uroudway, is a uingnineent properly, fully reflectinij; the great im- portance of the industry it r<-presents. This brewery is not<-i-,C.M*- <. opened an oBIce in the neighborhood of Clinton and Watson Streets and laid the foundation of the growine and pr<>sperous business which has since followetl. The year "St finds the subject of our sketch located at the corner of Clinton and Adams Streets, in a handsome brick building, constructed with all the modern itiiprove- menis veterinary science had known up to th.it time: still looking forward to greater efforts. In the four years already tnentioned the public hjd an ample opiK>rtunity of testing his ability a< a veteri- nary surgeon, and so well were his services appreciated that before the dawn of '80 his patronage had almost doubled. During this year it was found advisable to reconstruct and n-model the building tbroughout, which task -as finally accomplished, giving to the city of Buffalo one of the largest, most complete, and best conducted veterinary hospitals in the United States. Where can a more cred- itable record be found, and how many to-day in the long list of pro- fes-iional men of any calling can show such rapid advancement. A few words with reference to the establishment itself may not be out of place and we take pleasure in giving them below. The Dr. John T. Claris' hospiUI is a substantial brick building three stories high with cut stone trimmings. It covers an area of 20,000, square feet, and is laid out with three floors. The first floor contains ten box and twenty open stalls which are fitted up in the best possible man- n.-r. On this floor Is located the jteam heating apparatus with which the entire building is heated, and which i.s so necessary to a wvll conducted veterinary hospital in the tre.itment of all respira- tory disea-ses in eohl weather. The second floor, besides containing the u-eneral and private ofTlcesof the staff, is divided into three com- partments the first two being used as a laboratory and dispensing ro..in, while the last is specially fitted up with box stalls with all the modern appliances ft>r the purpose of surgical operations In the treatment of injured animals. The third floor is occupied as the manufacturing department of Dr. Claris' line of mehip. The plant covers an area of l-28x'2i!^ feel, and comprises several substantial brick structures, fully e(jiiiiipi-.l. ami nii'l'-rj preparation for the ni.MutH' i;t i r.inil. accessory having b'-'!i i , i i ard, while the great- ■ • The machinery emit' :i- - w ii v.ti- u modem brewing, includin.,- a fift.- n lo m.-n many improvements are being ntade from t choicest hops and malt, carefully selected 1 used, and in the process of 'prodti nnagement. The 1 of Dr. I iid perfect stand- ■tail of the work. ].liance known to 1 i<*e machine, and o time. Only the iietent judges, are the full strength and virtue ntis extracted and resolveil into a union that has round unusual favor with connoissetirs. The beer here brewed en- joys a wide and increasing popularity with dealers and consumers on account of its purity, flavor, and health-giving properties. The capacity of the brewery Ls fifteen to twenty thousand barrels annu- ally, and the steady increase in the demand indicates the approach- ing ne<-essity for extension and enlargement of manufacturing facil- ities. It has always been the policy of this house to furnish the best In quality, wholesomeness, and general excellence, and the estimation in which its prndnets are held at home and abroad gives conclusive proof that a responsive chord ha!* been struck in the pop- ular heart. In enteriirise, liberality, keen appreciation of public expectation and demand, ami unswerving allegiance to honest meth- ods, the firm of J. F. Kuhn & Sons may be said to have fairly earned tiie respect, support, and confidence of the entire community. The senior partner was bom in Germany, and came to BulTalo in 1843. lie Is one of the best known business men in the city; president of the Ferry Street ond Belt Line Land Association, secretary of the Buffalo Brewers' Association since its organization In ISVt, a director of the Delaware Avenue and Belt Line Land Company, on.l the Queen City Mutual Fir»» Insurnnc** Company; a trustee of the Ma- sonic Hall Association, and standing deservwily hi(,'h in commercial, financial, and social life. ILLUSTRATED ^.DVFFALOA THE UNION LANll EXCHANGE, Nos. 4i auil 44 Niagara Street.— During the last five years Buffalo real estate has attracted a host of investors, and regaiding the oppor- tunities for safe and certain profit making in this par- ticular field, the half has not yet been told. Cautious investors generally agree that "laud is the basis of all security," and jio capital is so secure as that which is judiciously placed in real estate. The man who selects carefully and then backs the growth of a first class American city with his money is almost sure to win every time. Five years ago a few of the people of Buffalo awoke to a realization of the fact that this is destined to be- come a great metropolis, and that fortunes can easily be made b)' buying land in the suburbs and waiting for the city to grow out to it. Already many handsome fortimes have been realized in this waj*. and the foundations of many more have been laid. Ten years ago Buffalo real estate was assessed for $80,581,930; to-day it is assessed for S147,16S,n5-an increase of 83 per cent, in that period. This is an average of more than eight per cent, per annum, and it applies to the entire city — to certain parts where there has been little, if any, real growth, where values remain about as they were ten years ago, as well as to the northern and eastern sections of the city, where the increase has been from 100 to 1,000 per cent, during the same time. Everyone who is interested in such matters knows well that the handsomest profits to be derived from real estate are made in two ways, viz., (1) buying vacant lots at low prices and selling at an in- crense caused by the legitimate growth of a city; and (Sj buying large tracts of land by the acre, subdividing and improving it, and selling it by the foot. Happy is the man who can afford to purchase a tract of land all by himself and subdivide it, for his profits are generally immense. In Buffalo the small capitalists have a way of •• pooling their is.'iues," as the sand lot orator (!) of San Francisco was wont to say, and by uniting their capital succeed in purchasing and handling large tracts of desirable lands, and sharing handsome profits thereby. This is the "land company " plan, and in this city has lately become quite popular, owing to the fact timt whenever a company subdivides a tract of land and puts its lots on the market, the lots are nearly always offered at such low prices, comparatively, that even stockholders often become purchasers of lots and hold them for the increase. There is one powerful I'eal estate coipora- tion in Buffalo which has tmbounded faith in the future of the city, which believes that "now is the time to buy," and is industriouly living up to that belief. The Union Lund Exchange is very actively engaged in investing its own capital and that of its clients outside of Buffalo, in acre property in the suburbs. As fast as land companies are organized by the exchange, and acre property purchased, the land is subdivided into City lots, the streets are improved, and a sufficient number of lots are sold to meet the unpaid obligations. In some instances, however, tiacts are held in bulk by previous agree- ment with stockholders. The principal object of the Union I,ahd Excliange just now is to make as many investments as possible. In the language of the secretary, Mr. W. T. Hornaday, " Now is the time to buy, while values are comparatively low; four years from now will be the time to sell, and reap the harvest." The Exchange was oiganized and incorporated, with a nominal capital of $30,000, by a half dozen real estate operators who have for some time been working together, in order to more thoroughly systematize and de- velop their joint interests. It manages no property save its own or that in which it owns an interest. The Union Land Exchange has. through the interests and investments of its various members, practical control of the lands owned by nine different land com- panies, representing investments aggregating nearly $500,000 and an actual value, when fully realized, of over $1,000,000. The members of the Exchange are large stockholders in all these companies, and fill a number of their most responsible ofHces. The following are the offlcere of the Exchange : President, J. T. McLaughlin; vice president, Geo. H. Hedley; secretary, W. T. Hornaday ; treasurer, Charles H. Hedley ; auditor, Cyrus J. Wheelock: attome.vs, Piatt & Wheeler. All the officers of this or- ganization are enterprising, well known, and responsible business men. The president, Mr. J. T. McLaughlin, is one of the largest and most successful brokers in realty in the city. His success has been due to two things, good judgment, and faith in the development of the city. During the many years that he has been identified with the real estate business he has successfully conducted numerous im- portant transactions in real estate. Pievious to his interest in re«l estate he was engaged in the publishing business, and was one of the founders of the Buffalo Press Club, of which he is still a prominent and esteemed member. The vice president of the Exchange, Mr. George H. Hedley, a former resident of Jledina, is a well-known capitalist of great energy and ability in the organization and devel- opment of large enteipiises in real estate. Like all the other members of the Exchange, he has invested generously in Buffalo real estate. The general secretary of the Exchange, Mr. W. T. Hornaday, was attracted to the Buffalo real estate field from the service of the United States Government. For eight years he was connected with the Smithsonian Institution as a naturalist, and it was he who successfully induced the fiftieth Congress to establish a National Zoological Park at Washington, by the passage of a bill appropriating $800,000. He was appointed by the park commission as superintendent of the park, and in that capacity negotiated with land owners for the purchase of $1.58,000 worth of land for the park site, by agreement, thus saving to the government many thousands of dollars, and fulfilling to the letter his estimates and promises to Congress. On the strength of his estimates and plans the fifty-first Congress appropriated last May a further sum of $98,000 for the im- provement of the Zoological Park, under the direction of the Smith- sonian Institution. At this point a lack of harmotiy with the secre- tary of the Smithsonian led Mr. Hornaday to resign his position, and accept an equal interest with the members of the Union Land Ex- change, with whom he had been interested as a silent partner for two years. Previous to doing so, however, he had carefully investi- gated all the best real estate fields between Washington, D. C, and Seattle, and as a result unhesitatingly declared his belief that in Buffalo, real estate values are comparatively much lower and less " boomed " than in any other large city, while the city's prospects are vastly superior to those of any other. Hence Mr. Hornaday has chosen Buffalo as the best field in this country for profit making in real estate, and brings to the Exchange a thorough knowledge of business organization and administration, and trained executive ability. The treasurer of the Exchange, Mr. O. H. Hedley, is a well known capitalist, builder, and contractor of Medina, a man of rare energy, caution, and foresight, who has set aside all other business interests in favor of Buffalo. In company with Mr. G. H. Hedley he has charge of the department of building and improvements, and their operations in that line have been very extensive. At present they are erecting eighteen houses on properties in East Buffalo man- aged by the Exchange. Mr. Cyrus J. Wheelock is the auditor for the Exchange, and manager of the department of sales and collec- tions. As a salesman of real estate and a manager of agents he has few equals. He is one of Buffalo's most experienced and best know n real estate operators, and like his associates has cheerfully staked everything on the future of the city. It is the modest boast of the Exchange that not one of its members has ever lost a dollar in real estate investments, or ever made an investment which turned out poorly. The Exchange now occupies a handsome and spacious suite of offices in the front of the new Agency Building, Nos. 42 and 44 Niagara Street, which also serve as the main office of the follow- ing land companies, all of which have been organized, and are largely controlled by the Exchange : The Bishop Land Company. Capital, $60,000. President, J. T. JlcLaughlin; secretary, W. T. Hornaday. The total area of the tract originally owned by this company was 40 acres, situated in East Buffalo, on William Street, at its intersection with Harlem Avenue. Over 300 lots have been sold and less than 100 remain. Houses are going up rwpidly on this tract, and as fast as erected they are occu- pied by men from the ruany railway shops and yards situated close by. Thestockof thiscompany commandsahighpremium,and there are veiy few transfers made. Shares that have cost only $18 each are now selling at $70, and in exchange have been rated as high as $100. The Oak Grove Land Company (capital $100,000; C. H. Hedley, president; Cyrus J. Wheelock, secretary) owns a very fine tract of 83 acres of first class residence property, situated on both sides of Humboldt Parkway, a magnificent boulevard 200 feet wide, with additional frontage on the north side of Delavan Avenue. This region is destined to become one of the finest in the city. Its sub- division has just been completed, and the lots are to be offered at such low prices ("for residence purposes only") that it is the ex- pectation of those interested that all will he sold within a few months. The tract of the Parkway Land Company (capital, $100,000; G. 11. Hedley. president: C. J. Wheelock, secretary) contains 25 acres. LLUSTRATED *Svffalojc THE C^l/ECN CITY or THE LAKES. adjoining and laid out with tbc trail of the Oak (iiove Laud Coin- pany. Like the latter it hus (liie front^iKe ou the most desirable portion of Humboldt Parkway and Uelavan Avenue, and its low- priced lotji, sold on easy puynieuts. offer raiv inducements to small investors who wish to ilouble their money in three of four years. The Mutual Land Secitritij Cumpanu (capital, $l(KI,0(Xi; J, T. Mc- UiUKlilin. president; W. T. Hornoilay, secivtary i, owns, or did own when first subdivideil, 51 acres in East UnfTato, adjoiniiif?, on the city side, the tract of the Bishop I^iid Co. .Since this tiact wa.s put on the niai'ket, about three months ago, eiRhty-flve lots have been sold, and fourteen dwelling houses and a store are now in process of erection. Like the lots on the Bishop tract, and those of the two companies to be mentioned next, the lots on the Mutual tract are intendeil to fin-- nish homes for skilled mechauics and railway employees generally, by whom it is apparently well appreciated. The Enterprise Land Co. (capital $.')5,(I(X>) owns S5 ocres in East Buffalo, next to the Mutual tract ou the west, and is held in bulk. On accoimt of the expansion of the numerous railway interests which lie .so near it, the future of this property is well assured, and its owners are content to let it lie as it is for some time to come. The Tunauxinda Ilrights Lmid Co. (J. T. McLaughlin, president; B. B. Hamilton, secretar)-; capital, SSK.OOO) represents au invest ment on the Niagara River front, north of the city limits of Buffalo. The tract contains 220 acres of fine land that will very soon lie needed for residence and manufacturing puiposes, and lots are ofteretl at low prices on the customary easy payments. The Acme Land Company (capital, $65.(1im; |,i.si.l.iit. .1. II. Kd- wai-ds; secretaiy, B. H. Oberdorf, both of Hiui-i li. N V i..\vns:)K acresad joining the Bishop tracts and, with the ,'\.''-pi i..ii oi tli<- metn- bers of the Exclian e, its stockholders are in-;irl\ ;ill i<--.iiifn!s of DansviUe. Over 100 lots have already Ijeeu siiM un this tract, and on several of Ihcm houses are now being erected. The affairs of this company are in a highly prosperous condition. The IVoodlaim Avenue Land Co. (capital, $80,000; J. B. Gillelt, of Lo Roy, president; W. B. Aris, secretary) has lately purchased and subdivided into 100 lots a very desirable tract of land on East Ferry Street, where it is crossed by the Belt Line It. R. The accessibility of Ibis locality to all parts of the city by means "f the Belt Line will make it popular, and highly desirable to those who desire to invest in good residence pritperty at low prices. The stocks of this com- poiiy as well as the offices are held chiefly by outside investors of Roi-hester and achestrr lAtnd Company of Buffalo is, as its name implies, composed chiefly of Rochester capitalists who have visited Buffalo, and studied the leal estate situation ou the spot. Its capital is $80,000, and in its corps of officers W. B. Aris is president, and C!eo. S. Mor- ley, secretary. The area of the property is 44 acres, and it occupies a comiuanding situation between two railroads, the N. Y. Central and West Shore, and three great thoroughfares, Broadway, Wal- den Avenue, oud Harlem Aveuue. From a speculative i)oint of view this is one of the ftne-st properties ever taken in Iianii by the Exchange, and is regarded by those interested as "a ripe plum." Of the nine companies named above, several owe their existence to the outside capital that has been offered the various members of the Union Land Exchange for investment in Buffalo real estate. The Exchange is constantly on the keen lookout for g I bargains, and its membei-s have acquired the reputation of being close and careful buyers, as well as genuine "rustlers" in developing and selling property. Believing that now is the golden opportunity to buy, while values in many sections of the city are still so low that a great increase in the future seems absolutely certain, the Exchange feels reasonably sure of its ability to now invest capital that may be en- trusted to its care so that it will double within from three to Ave years, to say the least. Those who join with it in investing money, either in land company stock, in vacant lots, or in building houses, cannot possibly fail to secure far liauiisomer returns ih in can ever be derived from ordinary interest on loans, or rents. The Exchange invites the most thorough investiiration of its personnel, its busi- nt'Ks methods, its busines.s record, and its investmt>nts. ASCHOELL & BROS., Dealers in Fancy and Staple Groceries. Nos. 548 and ."MS Broadway.— The members of this firm ore , .Messrs. A. and L. Schoell, the former a native of Germany and resident here the greater portion of his life, and the 1 iitii ;i liiifTalonian by birth This enterprise was founled origin ally In lasi by Mr A Schoell, and from the start developed a very large and influential patronage, and in IWH the present flnu was or ganized by the admission of his brother Louis inu> the business as a partner. The premises utilized are spacious and commodious, siilta biy arranged and supplied with every convenience for the prompt and successful prosecution of the trade, and accommodation of the large and valuable assortment of goods cnnstantly on hand. The stock carried embraces everything in the line of choice fancy and staple groceries, such as absolutely pure and frebh new crop Young Hyson, Souchong, Oolong. Gunpowder. Japan. English breakfast and other teas; fragrant Mocha, .lava, ond Rio coffees, cocoas, chocolates and spices, liest brands of bemietiually sealed goods in tin and glass: table delicacies, sauces, relishes, condin.ents. foreign and domestic fruits; sugars, syrups, molasses; choice dairy and fancy cr<>aniery butter, cheese, fresh laid eggs; farm and garden products, unci II, h. I ai.i I ni.l lauudry supplies, cereal and farina- ceous food- I I I in rs,ales and beer bottled for family use; cigars m i i i , The firm also does a very extensive trade in the cli : • 1 lianl .f new roller process spring and winter wheat. Hour, buckwheat, rye and Graham flour, cracked oats and wheat, white and yellow corn meal, oatmeal, bran, middlings. .shorts, mill feed of all descriptions: also baled hay and straw for ani- mal proveuder. The goods emanating from this house are noted for their superior excellence, purity, and low prices, and customers re- ceive prompt and courteous treotmeni from polite assistants and orders are delivered at residences in the city free of charge. Messrs. Schoell and Brother are wide awake, energetic, and honorable deal- ers, highly respected and justly ujerit the success they have achieved by their ability and industry. BUFFALO BELTINtf WORKS, R. Hofteld & Co., Proprietors, Nos. 3;K to me Washington Street. -Without exception the famous house of Jlessrs. R. Hoffeld & Co. permanently main- tains the lead as regards belling, machinery, and all descrip- tions of mill and engine supplies. The Rnii is composed of the « ell known capitalist, Mr. R. Hoffeld, and Jlr. T. Gingras, widely cele- brated OS an e-xpert in all that concerns this business. The firm be- gan business in 1879, and were first located on Seneca Street, thence removing to No. ,59 Chicago Street, and subsequently to Wells Street, and where they were burned out in 1889. Tliey subsequently opened at Nos. IS'> to 128 Washington Street, but growth of trade and need of enlarged accommodation for stock, after compelled the erection of their present magnificent new building so centrally located at Nos. S32 to aiti Washington Street. It is four stories and basement in height, 60x150 feet in dimensions, and elaborately fitted up throughout, having also all the modern improvements. Here is all necessary factory outfit, and from 80 to 100 hands are employed in the various departments. The firm control itiany important specialties; among others the famous patent indestructible steel center polishing wheel, the lightest, strongest, safest, and most economical, and used by leading concerns all over; also the equally famous " Buffalo ,\xle Washers," ninnufiictiued under Mr. Gingras' patents, and which ai-e cut front pure oak tanned leather, and, with- out use of acids or chemicals, pressed in a die ond made peifeclly round. They are all uniform in thickness, measuring six to the inch after pressing, and are by far the best, cheapest, and most durable. Another specialty .ire their elegant lines of solid leather tnink han- dles— no " pasteil " leather, but from best stock, and outwearing any trunk. The flrm carry an enormous stock of the rubber belting of the N. Y. Belting and Packing Co brand: iilso their own justly cele- I\ in'- 1' .hler— cotton belting, 1 ' is the leading nia- ' ing the rootn, added III!- iimI tuolsof allde.scrip- 'iiiplii-Mted elsewhere. Here pli.-s iinil factory outfits, and nint ■ f Mr .1 L. Osgood has brated best oak leather beltiut:- and full lines of laclnur, paekiiiL- chinery supply house, and in I'- full lines of iron and brass w..i k tions of a make and quoted at pr are best grades of all machine s the department under the able i no equal In the western part of the state. This llrni sell nil over the United Stotes. and export to Canada, Europe, .-tc , and are annually enlarging their immense trade. Mr Gingras is the active partner and is the leading authority in his line. He was with Bickford A Curtiss for ten years and lias twenty-two years' experience in this branch of trade, with the lesult that every one can fully rely on his sound judgment, while he is an honorable business man. and bns ever retained the confidence of lending conimer.-ial lin-les ILLUSTRATED VICTOR MANUFACTURING CO., Ensineers, MillwrigUts. Ma- chinists, Etc., No. 6 West Feri-y Street.— In compiling an account of the industries of Buflfalo we desiie to particularly mention those establishments that are the best representa- tives of each si)ecial line of production, and are contribuling to the •city's fame and reputation. In tliis connection special attention is directed to the establishment of the Victor Manufacturing Co., engi- neers, millwrights, and machinists. This concern has been in oper- ation the past two year.s, and in that lime a reputation has been established and a business of the most substantial character built up, reflecting greatly upon tlie ability of Mr. R. Laws and Mr. R. W. Aitken, who own, conduct, and manage it. The office and works are located at No. C West Ferry Street. The building, a three-story structure, is 30x40 feet in dimensions, and is equipped with the very best improved machinery and appliances, operated by steam power, while a force of from fifteen to twenty practical workmen is kept constantly employed. All kinds of machinery is made to order, a special feature being made of mill maehinerj' and gearing, and of fitting up and equipping mills, etc., besides doing repairing and general jobbing. This concern manufactures a number of patented and improved machines and tools, among which is the Branto Variety Wood Worker. This machine combines all ihe essential points of a flrst-class dimension saw, single spindle reversible shaper, and boring, gaining, mortising or routing machine. The arbor is arranged to work at any angle with reverse motion, and can be adjusted while running. It is especially adapted to a wide range of work, the changes being quickly made. The matei-ial operated upon always lies flat on the table, and all togging up of the material on jacks, etc., is done away with. All kinds of variety shaping or molding, panel raising, grooving, dadoing, i-ipping, cross cutting, boring, mortising and routing, etc., is done on this machine, and it is so arranged that the material can be w orked above or below on eith^* side of the arbor. Several new features, combined with rapid changes and ea.sy adjustment, place the machine at the head of all variety wood workeis. This is what is said of it: Manufacturers of wood-working machinery sny, "It goes ahead of everything as a combination machine;" contractors and builders say, "It would soon pay for itself in our business;" carriage manufacturers say, "Just the machine needed in every factory;" pattern makers and variety wood workers say, "We have never seen one machine so complete and applicable to our business." The firm are agents for the World Injector. It is used extensively throughout the country, and pronounced the best, most reliable and easiest handled injector ever before brought to the notice of the public. The Victor Manufacturing Co. are also agents for the cele- brated Payne yacht engines, from a horse power to 6 horse power, and also for the Payne mounted engines, from G horse power to 4.50 horse power, and Corliss engines, 80 horse power to 450 horse power, which excel all others, and are the lightest, most durable and substantial engines ever designed. The company are also agents for all kinds of wood and iron working machinery. The Fox Machine Co. and the Fox Patent Universal Dado or groove saw- ing bead, both plain and adjustable, consisting entirely of saws. They also build improved machines for dado cutting, and make a special business of dealing in the American injector, fire plugs, ejectors, etc. Illustrated catalogues and prices are published by the company, and these may be had on application. Advice is fur- nished gratis, au. I , ..t 1,-1 ,1,1. , solicited. Mr. Laws, who looks after the financMi , i ,, , , i the concern, is a practical busi- ness man of i'\| ,, i i judgment, and well and promi- nently known in iin-, , ii\ ^ii .Vitlcen is an experienced, expert machinist, and has (-hargf of ttie works. His reputation as an engi- neer and machinist is of the highest character, and he ranks among the best in the city. Both these gentlemen are in the prime of Ufe. They are natives of Scotland, but have been in Buffalo for over twenty years, anc, during their business career have met with a pronounced success, a success such as is only accorded to those whose business is governed by correct, honorable principles. GEIST & WALKINSHAW, Real Estate and Insurance; Office. No. -329 Fourteenth Street, Comer Rhode Island.— The real estate and insurance interests of Buffalo have long held a representative position, and are reckoned among those of the greatest magnitude and importance. Hence it is but natural that these interests should be controlled by the best business talent. rrotnineut among tlie most active and enterprising members of the real estate fraternity we find are Messrs. Grist atid Walkinshaw, •■ whose office is at No. 329 Fourteenth Street, corner Rhode Island. ' The busmess was founded in 1888 by Mr. F. S. Grist, who was recently joined by Mr. J. A. Walkinshaw. They are experienced practical men of unquestioned reputation, and are well known in real estate and insurance and business circles. Among their clientele they number many of the leading capitalists, merchants, and manu- facturers. They pay particular attention to buying, selling, and exchanging realty, negotiating loans on bonds and mortgages, and atteud promptly and correctly to all branches of the business. They have for sale a number of very desirable residence and business properties, and are always prepared to offer the best inducements to those seeking good, safe, pertnanent investments. They have the very best facilities for assisting small capitalists to .secure homes. Messrs. Grist and Walkinshaw are well acqnaintt-.l wiih the present aud prospective value of houses ;iii.l Limis m ih., ^.,, ii,,ii in which they are located, and are ready at all ii ^ ;,, i,hi,i I, iii.nniation to those desiruig to purchase. Tin- lit jh ai~ |,,,,,-m innniberof the most substantial insurance companies, among winch are the Guardian Assurance Co., of London, England; the Home, of New York ; the Eagle Fire Co., of New York; and others of like character and standing: and can place risks at the very lowest rates. Mr. Grist is a native of England, where he was born thirty-five years ago, and Mr, Walkinshaw. who is forty years old, is from Scotland. They are both well known and prominent in Buffalo, where they have resided for s, ime time and enjoy the esteem of all having business dealings with them. They make a special business of renting houses, bui'dings, etc., collecting rents and taking care of estates. The office is open evenings, and the telephone call is 1684 M. THE CEAMiAl.l, 111 It SIC, X.-ai F.a^t r.nfTal,, St.„-k Yards, Asa B. Cfan,l;ill. I ', , .pn.l, .1 \ r:,,,,!!.! f.-M.-u ..1 tlir I'ast Buffalo Stock Y;m,Is ;mi,| IIm- 111., ^l,.rk nit.T.-sis .,f tli.'iity Mould be dations provided for stock dealers and commission men. Aiming to speak impartially, we desire to make reference to the widely known Crandall House, of which Mr. Asa B. Crandall is the popular and energetic proprietor. Mr. Crandall was for several years proprietor of the Stock Exchange Hotel, and in October, 1881. opened the Crandall House, which is three stories high and 250x110 feet in area, eontaining 70 rooms, with accommodations for 175 guests. The Cratidall House is a commodious, well appointed, ami comfortable hotel, and is conducted in strictly first-class style. It has lately been refitted and refurnished throughout, the improvements costing $8,000. Mr. Crandall, though a thoronsh hotel man, is particularly noted for the liberality i»r liis manaK'-'nu-nt ^^'lll■tl an improvement in the house suggests its.Ii ili.- .|ii.-,i i . ..vi i,.-v.-r enters into his calculations. The hoiis.- is iii.,\i.l.,,l ,,\iili ;in ni.,ilcin improvements, including a billiard re , uiiil.- tlic ni.aiis ,.t' .-s.aiie in case of fire are ample. The bar is fully supplied with a choice stock of wines, liquors, ales, lager beer, and cigars, which can always be obtained here in perfection. During the past four years Mr. Crandall has be- come largely interested in the sale of horses, and has bnilt and laid out a one-Ihird mile track for the accommodation of his friends. This track is surrounded by a fence nine feet high. He intends to erect immediately a large pavilion in the centre of his race grounds tor the auction sale of horses. The Crandall House is looked itpon as a regular headquarters for stock men while in Buffalo. The rates are only $1.50 per day, and it may be justly stated that it is not sur- passed by any hotel at the same price in the country. The table is one of the best in the (■it\ . ami is fully supplied with everything in season. Mr. Crandall i- :.---i~t.,.l i.\ his atniable wife, who equally understands and supei\ 1^.,-- I ii.- .Ill ..Ii, .11 of affairs. The bouse has telegraph and teleplmn.- ...hi ti..ns f.,r the accommodation of guests. The dining room is spacious, well lighted and ventilated, and will easily seat 100 guests. Here Mr. Crandall has served 400 dinners in one day. The walls of the office are decorated with fine engravings cf blood horses, and a large blackboard records the arrival of all live stock trains, etc. Mr. Crandall was born in New York. He is highly regarded by the community for his kind and courteous manners, and has made hosts of friends, owing to his integrity and energy. He is a partner in the firm of Crandall & Co.. horse dealers, whose sales amotmt to $100,000 monthly and whose stables have accommodations for ."iOO horses. LLUSTRATED ^Bvffalojc CITIZENS' BANK OK BLKKALi i, foiiiei- of WllUaiiis iiml SlicM- innii Strwts. -The vnni srclioii nf the city, chnraotei-ized n8 Knst UuiTaln. given eviilence of such progri'ss in iiiuterlal uml coiniiieix-inl K'onth ns not only to till the residents of tbnt ptoi of the niiinioipality with a pride ami satisfiiction Hint are huth e nendahlB and justiflnble, but to win the approval and admlro- tionof the residents in all other sections of the Qui-cn City of the Lakes. Within the past few yeai-s resideuees. mercantile houses, maimfacturies, and workshops of every character and decree have been sprinf^ing up on all hands, and where but a short time ap^ nothiDK but fields and swamps w.to to ti. •;. rn a lar;,-.-. hustling, progressive coniinuiiil> ..f ~.v. i' ' ' ■ t^. be -found, vying in commerce and niamifactures with its neighbors in the older sections of this tlourisliiiig and goahead city by tlie lake. In this quarter, too, are the second largest stock yards in the conn try, where millions of dollars change hands weekly, and to which con- signments of live stock are made from all points, north, west, and south. Here is also growing up what promi-ses to be the largest horse market in the country, and this and kindred industries are giving birth to contingent enterprises. William Street is the most prominent and busiest Ihoroi the ni"-i |.i.---.ii J ■,■,,,111- f,,Ir 1 lliis '"'"-'''"" 1 one of .Ills for ■ ndered >!-; and ..■..,-t in •ivil.r ■s.'.i.draeililies thereby is wnn has now been supplied sponsible, and public spirited order to avail th.-iiis.-lve^ ..f h entailing loss of time and mo: by a corporation of wide a citizens, who have erected a handsome bank building on William Street — a location which offers special facilities for business connec- tions with the whole of East Buffalo and the stock yards. The bank was opened for the transaction of business on October 1st. 1890, and the large nnml>er of business men who at once became customers of this fldnciary institution attests Iheir appreciation of this new- boon in their midst. The bank has adopted the name of "Citizens" Bank of Buffalo." and the quarters occupied are in every way ad- mirably adapted and suitable for the purposes intended. The build- ing is an imposing structure, containing three doors and basement. It is built of brick with Medina stone dressings, and lias n hand.some arched doorway fronting on William Street. The building was erected from the designs of >Ir. George J. Melzger. The whole of the first floor is useti for banking purposes, is liano.si'S, and the upper (loors OS ofllces and a fraternal hall. In the bank bus been placed a Cor- liss burglar-proof safe of the latest pattern and said to be ilie larg- est in the city. II is a marvelous piece of nicchanlsni, weighs eight tons, and stands si.\ feet high in one of the spacious vaults. To open this safe a tboroiigli knowledge of the combination and levers is, of course, rt;quii-ed. The safe looks like a huge ball with the combina- tion knobs peeping out. The operator first operates on the combina- tion. When thai has been opened, he turns a silver lever that draws certain bolts, tlien turns a large lever that causes & central disk to recede from the face of the shell, when it can, by a simple turn, be faced around presenting Hie doors that open to the deposit pock,?ts. This ball weighs one ami a quarter tons, and will hold at least a milion of dollai-s comfortably. The safe has double time locks and all eleetricnl appliances in proii-ci it from being tampered with. Thr iiiii.^ l.'r,. uill li.,M for s.-x. i,i> two hours. The vault rests on aiiniuM i,ii.,i :il 11 111 n!i.Tt..i u ii li pi-liL-e headquarters, also a tnist- ui.ii!i\ !Li;:tir w.itrliniaii. Tlj.- ('iii/.^ns' Bank is organized under the laws of the stale of New York, with a capital of $IOO,COO, and the Board of Directors consists of the following well know-n, re.^-ponsible citizens: Joseph Block, president, capitolisi; Christian Kliuk. whole- sale beef and pork packer, J. Adam I.aiitz, of Lniiiz Bros, & Co., soap manufacturers: Devillo W. Harrington, physician; Wm. A. Kinehart, of J. F. Sadler & Co., livestock merchants; Louis Weill, r.al estate: W. F. Wendt. president of Buffalo Forge Company; .I-T-tiin- 1 Prentiss, of ,1. I. Prentiss & Co., wlndesale grocers; Na- rlrini.^l w. Norton, of Norton Bros., attorneys; John S. I.,angner, of .1 Ini s Langner & Brother, wholesale grocers; (Jeorge F. Zeller M. ■ |ifxiil,-iii,. ..f a. V. Zeller & .Sons, tanner.s. The executive ■111. 11 i ,n,i, ill. Ml .Ii-.-|ili in.ii-k. president: Mr. George F. /■!:■ 1 1 :::. Mul Ml. I T Walers, casliier, Mr. Waters ■VI : iiiiii, ' p,oih_- iiii.l T nin;; teller of the Bank of Com- iii.i. . u,ii !■ ■ iiil.v . iisiii.-i r..r ilir ll.-ikimer County National Bank at Liiile Falls, where lie was engaged for ten yeai-s. Tlie bank oiTersall facilities enjoyed under the modern banking .system. It receives deposits on interest payable by cheek at sight; it has corre- spondents in all the leading cities through whom it makes collec- tions, and is quickly building up a foreign exchange business. The bank was inaugurated under excellent auspices, is unde,- efficient and experienced management, and has a bright future before it. HKNHY RKULING. Contractor and Builder; Office, Planing Mill and Yard, No. 709 Clinton Street; Kesidence, No. 597 Clinton Street.— The development of East Buffalo within the past few years has been almost phenomenal, and as a necessary and indispensable consequence the development of its industries has been proportionate. Among the leading industrial establishments hei-e special reference should be made to that of Mr. Henry Reuling, contractor and builder, whose office, planing mill, and yard are situ- ate at No. 769 Clinton Street. Tliis gentleman was born in Germany, whence he came to this country a mere boy, and settled in Buffalo. In ISCihe founded his present enterprise as a general contractor and builder, and many of the finest buildings in Buffalo are the product of that gentleman's skill and activity. They are remarkable for the thoroughness of the work done, the excellence of the materials n.sed. and the faithful adherence to the plans and specifications of the de- signers. Mr. Reuling is the owner of the premises occupied by him. and the.se conipri.se a large lumber yani having nearly l.O'Oteet frontage on the railway tracks, 218 feet on Lord Street, and 15 feet on Clinton Street. On the latter piece is situate the office, w hich is elegantly fitted iqi. The planing mill, which adjoins Hie office, is a two-story frame structure, (iOxflO feet in dimensions!, fully equipped with the most perfect woodworking machinery known to the trade. All kinds and grades of rough and dressed luml er for builders' use are to be found in the yards: and planing, matching, toughening, grooving, etc., ond all manner of wood dressing are performed on short notice and at lowest prices. Seventy skilled hands are em- ployed, ami the motor power is supplied by a 00 horse power engine of the latest pattern. Mr. Reining is also owner of an extra yard, 7JX.300 feet in area, fronting on the railroad tracks. The bu.siness done is a most extensive one. and Mr. Reuling is at all limes pre- pared to fui-nish estimates and undertake contracts for the con- struction and erection of buildings in any part of w-e.stern New York ILLUSTRATED ^^BVFFAL0A THE QUEEN CITY OF THE LAKES. HENKY HEITMUELLER. Insurance Agent and Dealer in Coal, "Wood, and Coke, No. 230 Hampshire Street. -The operations in the prosecuiionof Hie trade in coal, wood, coke, etc., in Buf- falo are conducted upon a mammoth scale of importance, and are a prime factor in the growth and development of the city's industries. There is not one among the many responsible houses en- gaged ill fuel in this city enjoying a better reputation for handling flrst-class commodities, and honorable, fair, square dealing than that of Mr. Henry Heitmueller, whose popular and well conducted ofiice and yard are eligibly located at No. 250 Hampshire Street. Tills gentleman was born in Meppen, Province of Hnnover, Ger- iiiany, but has been a resident of this city for a number of years. Prior to engaging in this trade he was at first a hard working young man, and aftenvards was engaged with the late Mr. Josef Berlin, with whom he learned his present business. He inaugurated this en- terprise in 1886 on the corner of Main and Seneca Streets, and in 1888 he bought the block on the corner of Chenango and Massachusetts Streets for the purposes of his business. He at once built up a very large and influential patronage, which increased to such proportions that he had to seek more commodious and central quarters. The premises occupied are owned by himself, are new, spacious, and commodious, and fully equipped with every convenience for the successful transaction of the business. The office is neatly appointed and supplied with every comfort, while his yard is amply provided with shedding, screens, coal pockets, standard scales, delivery wagons, etc. A heavy stock is constantly carried, and this embraces the very best varieties of Lackawanna, Wyoming. Lehigh. Lykens, and Schuylkill anthracites, besides the choicest of bituminous coals from Pittsburgh, Youghiogheny, and other regions west of the Alle- ghenies; also the very best Connellsville coke. These are all care- fully cleaned before delivery to patrons, and full weight is guaran- teed in every instance. His stock of wood embraces the best body and thoroughly seasoned hickory, oak, maple, beech, birch, and other varieties of hard wood for fuel, also yellow pine and hemlock. Having superior connections with some of the most prominent Are insurance companies in the country, Mr. Heitmueller is prepared to issue policies for any amount compatible with safety at lowest rates of premium. He Is an active, courteous gentleman, popular with all classes, and is justly entitled to the success he has achieved by his ability and industry. FP. NUSE. Diamonds, Watches. Clocks, Jewelry and Silver- ware. No. 397 Main Street, Opposite Adam. Meldrum & J .\iideison's.— Among the most popular and enterprising houses in this city actively engaged in the business of a watchmaker and jeweller is that of Mr. Frank P. Nuse. It was established some twenty-seven years ago by Mr. H. L. Nuse at Titusville, Pa., and most successfully conducted until 1872, when he was succeeded in the business by his nephew, the present pro- prietor. Three years ago the business was removed to Buffalo and established on Seneca Street. These premises having been destroyed by fire in 1889, the business was again removed to Main Street, and finally located in its present handsome quarters at No. 397 Main Street opposite Adam, Meldrum & Anderson. The store is a large and attractive one, 15x100 feet in dimensions, with large plate glass front and tastefully fitted up show windows, in which are displayed samples of the costly and valuable stock carried. A large and first- class assortment is always kept on hand, including fine gold and silver watches, superb diamonds and diamond jewelry, rubies, euieralds, pearls, and other precious stones; novelties in ear-rings and pendants, clocks of every size and description, finger rings, brooches, scarf-pins, breast-pins, chains, charms, lockets, bracelets, solid silver and plated ware, dinner service, table cutlery, and a complete line of art novelties, bronzes, opera glasses, spectacles etc., gold and silver headed canes and umbrellas. The goods handled are unsurpassed for quality, neatness, and uniqueness of design, and are offered at prices that challenge competition. Mr. Nuse is a practical watchmaker, and has had many years' experience in the business. He gives his personal attention to the regulating, cleaning, and repairing of watches, clocks, and jewelry, and fully warrants his work in every respect. The patronage he receives is large and infiuential, and is constantly increasing. He is a native of Germany, and has been in this country since 1868. He is highly esteemed, and sustains an excellent social and the conimimily. VALENTINE SEITZ, Boots and Shoes, No. 383 Broadway.-A. leading boot and shoe house meriting special mention is- that of Mr. Valentine Seitz, located at No. 308 Broadway. This enterprise was originally established some twenty years ago by Messrs. High.-im & Seitz, on the corner of Main and Eagle Streets. In 1878 Mr. Higham severed his connection with the house, and the business was then continued by Mr. Valentine Seitz alone up to his death in 1890, when his widow came into possession ; and since then the business lias been under the management of her son, Mr. Jacob Seitz, a young man of great business enterprise and abiUty, whose thorough knowledge of the requirements of the trade was obtained under his father's careful guidance. The spacious and elegantly furnished store now occupied is 73x21 feet in dimensions, with workshop at the rear. Every modem convenience and faciUty is at hand for the effective conduct of the large trade done. There is constantly carried a large and well assorted stock, which in extent, variety, and value is unsurpassed by tliat of any other similar establishment in this part of the city. The house deals in all kinds of footwear, making a specialtj- of fine goods, and furnish- ing custom goods to order. The best of boots, .shoes, and rubbers for men, women, youths, misses, and children aie offered here at prices that defy competition, while the finest quality of boots and shoes are made'to order, none but first-class skilled workmen being employed. The goods of the house have a well-deserved reputation for the excellence of the materials used in their construction, as well as for the uniform excellence of the work. The trade is altogether retail, and extends throughout the city and iis surroundings. The patronage has always been a large and influential one, and under the able management of Jlr. Jacob Seitz is steadily increasing. Repairing is a special feature of the work done on these premises, and are expeditiously and satisfactorily executed, the charges in all instances being fair and equitable. Mr. Seitz was born in this city, and although a young man, has since he assumed tlie control of the business, shown a spirit of enterprise and activity which has made him a very popular man with the trade and the business community generally. MACHWIRTH RHniHT'^RS, M:irnfacturers of Galvanized Iron Cornice and Wm i-u ( :,,,. an. I Tile, Gravel, Iron, Tin, and .Slate Ronfeis. x.i-. :«i :ij. a. hi 'M Broadway.— The old-estab- lislied and e\i'r popular house of Messrs. Machwirth Bros., manufacturers of galvanized iron cornice and window caps, and file, gravel, iron, tin, and slate roofers, at Nos. 90, 93, and 94 Broad- way, is as widely and favorably known in its specialties as any in the country, offering inducements to purchasers, contractors, and builders in its line n^^t easily duplicated to any point in the United States. It was founded over fifty yeare ago by Mr. .^dolpli Mach- wirth as a small jobbing shop, and in 1870 the firm of Machwirth & Son was organized by the admission of Mr. Adolph Machwirth, Jr., to partnership. In 1879 the honored senior partner died, after a long and successful business career, and the two sons, Messrs. Adolph and Emil Machwirth. succeeded to the control under the present firm name. The building occupied for manufacturing and trtule purposes contains four floors and a basement, 245x30 feet each, splendidly equipped with improved machinery, tools, and ample steam power, and steady employment is given to one hundred and ten skilled hands. The galvanized iron cornices, window caps, sky- lights, roofs, and other specialties for which this firm is so widely noted are considered by good judges to be the embodiments of mechanical workmanship of the highest order of perfection, and unsurpassed for reliabUity and uniform excellence. Ventilation, condensation, expansion, and contraction are all fully provided foi-, and the effects of sudden and extreme changes of temperature upon structures of sheet metal and iron are entirely prevented by the skill of this firm. They refer with confidence to the hundreds of their specialties now in use all over the country as the best claim that can be put forward for public favor and the patronage of the trade. Orders receive prompt attention, and the firm are able to grant advantages and benefits to customers that challenge com- parison and defy successful competition. .\ branch house was established in Toronto, Ont., in 1889, which lias developed a large and increasing trade throughout Canada. The Messrs. Machwirth are natives of Buffalo, expert and practical metal workers, mem- bers of the Builders' Exchange, and are also interested in the brew- ing and ice business. ILLUSTRATED SAMUEL, C. KOUERS & CO., Muuufacturera of BookWuiiere' Ma- iliiinry, ami Saw Filers aiij Gmumers, Nos. ITO to 1T4 Kulton Str«'l.— One of tho most responsible and progressive raanufac- turint; concerns In BnlTalo is that of the firm of Samuel C, Rogers & Co., manufacturen* of saw fliers and gummei's and of l>ook binders' mocUlnery. Jlr. Rogers is a native of Canada, where for many years he conducted the extensive works inHnmillon, Ontario. From small beginnings his business connections with American establisli- menls became such that, in order to continue them without tlie hiii- ilrance to their scope which the duty on bis goods exported to tliis (•o\iutr>* created, and to save to his patrons on this side of the line the large increase in price which sncii duty necessitated, he, in 188t>, opened a branch factory at Nos. 170 to 1T4 Fulton Street, i for the production of the wares he destined for the American mar- ket. The premises occupied consist of the entire second floor, 60x80 feet, of the building located at the above address, where twenty skilled and trained workmen are constantly employed in the making of machinery which has gamed a first-class name in the market of tins and other states, from the .\tlantic to the Paeiflc. The latest perfected machinery is used in this establishment, and in the four years that have elapsed since the Buffalo branch of the works were started a trade of not less than $23,000 per year has already be<>n built up for it. An experienced and practical machinist himself, Mr. Rogers is the inventor and patentee of most of the machinery made at his works, and he personally superintends the translation into metal of the creations of his brain. That to which he has par- ticularly applied himself— with what great success the numerous testimonials he has in his possession from those who have used it bear witnes.s— is tlie production of a perfected saw flier and gum- mer, which flies, joints, and gunis at one operation, and which saves time, power, flies, and saws. Saws regularly flied on this machine do more work, better work, take less power, keep sharp longer, and do not wear away as fast as when filed by band. The machine is semi-automatic, and therefore better adapted for the ordinary run of saw filing than an automatic machine, which is suitable only for mills having a large number of saws of uniform size and shape. This invention of Mr. Rogers, is an entirely new departure, not oidy in de- sign but also in principle, from all filers hitherto patented. These machines are extensively used in aU the leading millsof this country and Canada, and also in Europe and Australia, where they find a ready market. The prices at which they are quoted are moderate'. ranging from fifty to seventy-five dollars, according to size, tlie tnii- terlal in all being of imiform excellence. Mr. Rogers by his st4Tllng business qualities ami the Integrity and liberality displayed In all his dealings has In a very short space of time gained a prominent position III the business circles of this city, where he is held In high esteem and favor. DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTF.RN RAILROAD. -Of the great railroati systems centering in Buffalo and connect- ing the "Queen City of the Ijikes" with the great commer- cial nietroiHilis in the country, none has gained so well-de- served a popularity as the Delaware. Lackawanna and Western Railroad. This company was charteieil in 1H.V), and the road, !<.S8.8B miles in length, was completeil in 1SK>, Since then the company's interests in Buffalo have been multiplying and increasing on every hand, and it has had no small share in the work of developing UuffaJo to its present e.vteiisive pro- portions in respect of both its niunufactures and commerce— a development which every patriotic Buffalonian is justly proud of. Buffalo is one of its principal terminals. Irs chief terminal and its headquarters are on the west shore of the HuiLson River, directly opposite New York City, with which connection is established by ferryboats luiming to the foot of Barclay Street and the foot of Christoplier St reot. In Buffalo the company's premises occupy much of the frontage on the harbor, where they have numerous and gigantic coal trestles, and a coal trafl[ic that foots up into ninny millions of tons a j-ear, the lake ports as well as the city arj.l ii - . ri% in n - 1. Ii,;_- supplied with fuel from i his source and n^' i . i i ployment of a small army of men. In all n i the company have extensive stock yards an 1 . • .1 ii ;■ • - in East Buffalo, and a large freight and passeiifrer tr.il'. c from and lo all quarters. The company's passenger depot is conveniently located at the foot of Main Street, and the city ticket ofBceis at No. 11 Exchange Street, the city ticket agent there being Mr. II. Greglistine, and the ticket agent at the depot Mr. E. J. Hutchinson. Tickets are also to be had at -^^^ 5Ir. C. W. Miller's Ticket Office. Tifft House Block, Mr. J. II. ^fc Rudolf being the ticket agent there. The president of the "^^ company is Jlr. Samuel Sloan, of New York; and the manag- ing officials of this line are noted both among railroadmen and the public everywhere for their uniform courtesy and civility, and for their liberal manner and effort to antici- pate the wants and wishes of travellers, as well as to perfect their gigantic railway system. Mr. W. F. Ilall- stead,otScranton,is the general manager of the line, and Mr. W. F. Ilolwi:! ably fills the office of general passenger agent at New York. Mr. Howard J. Ball, an experienced, valuable official, who has won the respect of all Bnffslonians who know him, is the general western pa-ssenger agent in this city. The main line sweeps from Buffalo through some of the richest and most pro- gressive sections of northwestern New York, dips into the heart of Pennsylvania, taps the rich coal fielils in the Quaker State, where the company are extensive owners of valuable coalbeds in the neighborhood of Scranton, and stretches over hill and dale and through the most beautiful scenery and flourishing cities and towns of New Jei-sey to Hoboken. throwing out branches here and there and connecting Philadelphia, Eastoii, Northumberland, Utica. Rich- field Springs, Syracuse, Oswego, Ithaca, etc., with the main line, while establishing at almost every point connections with the lines of other railroad systems, networking the entire countrj', and en- abUng the traveller, when once aboard a Delaware. I,ackawanna and Western train, to reach any destination he desires, comfortably and conveniently, whether it be to the east. west, or Canada. There is no route so short yet so beautiful nor enchanting, to say notliing of comfort and convenience, from Buffalo to New Yoik and Phila- delphia as that of the D. L. & W. It has a double track, steel rails, with a perfect roadbed, superior equipments, and an ample number of trains both ways. The newest, latest, and handsomest designed l>ullman vestihnled parlor and sleeping coaches are attached to all through trains, and the new parlor care of this line, furnished as they are with bay-window seats, enable passengers to view the beautiful scenery unobstructed. At New Y'ork passengers are landed close to the docks of the European steamers and elevated railways, and at Philadelphia at Broad Street station, in the centre of the ILLUSTRATED ITTLE, McDonald & CO., Couti-aetuig and Cousultiug Elec- iriL-al Engiiieei-s, Dealers in Electrical Supplies, No. 141 East J Seneca Street.— Buff:il... is .me of the most active centres of tlie« 1 i.al interests in the United ■ luguished enterprise and ~ Little, McDonald & Co.. They formed the present including Mr. S. F. Eagan, rie light ;ui.i ,-■! States, and this is larf.-.-: energy of the well know i contracting and consultiiiLj • ■ copartnership in January. !*<'.•>>, Mr. P. P. MiUer, Mr. F. P. Little, and Mr. Wm. H. McDonald, all active business men and prominent and experienced in the profes- sion, and holding responsible executive positions in town. Their specialties are the building and installation of electric light systems, both arc and incandescent, electric railway and power outfits, and supplies of all kinds. They are the sole agents in western New- York and Canada for the -'National Electric Manufacturing Com- pany'.' cf Eau Claire, Wis., manufacturers of their well known transformer system oT incandescent electric lighting, specially desir- yaii infd Eleitric ManuTacliodi I I iiij nni ( mx ni,id able for long distance service This is the safest most economical and reliable sj stem of lighting ovei a wide aiea. The tiansformer system is as SI to $2G cheaper than the direct current system, and just as good. The fii-m are also the agents here for the Western Electric Co., of New York and Chicago, whose arc system is pro- nounced the most perfect, powerful, and economical in existence. This system also provides for incandescent lights in conjunction with arc lights. They also buy and sell both new and second hand apparatus of all descriptions and makes. Messrs. Little, McDonald & Co. have large contracts at haml, and are at present building an electric railway at Newcastle, Pa., coupled with a large electric lighting and power station. They have just closed a contract at Clyde, N. T., for a central lighting plant. They have and are doing a business of the first importance in Buffalo, and offer the most sub- stantial inducements. We confidently recommend m unicipal boards, factory and house owners to secure estimates from this responsible 1. ,..,,. l-..fnre placin^r orders, as it is giving unqualified satisfaction. All the partners are natives ot New York State. Mr. Little is the superintendent of the United States Electric Lighting Company, and is most capable and atientive in the discharge of the onerous duties devolving upon him, as is evidenced by the magnificent ser- vice afforded by the company. Mr. Eagan is the owner of the well known Broezel House, and president of the U. S. Electric Lighting Co., while Mr. Miller is the secretary and treasurer of the Citizens' Gas Company of Buffalo. The firm occupy extensive three story premises, and have the capital, ability, skill, and experience in such happj- combination in this line as is nowhere else equalled, and Buf- falo is to be congratulated upon being made their permanent head- quarters. MJ BER.N'HARD, Manufacturer of Beer and Lunch Coolers and all Kinds of Saloon Fixtures, Office and Factory No. , riS Jefferson Street.— The beer trade of the city of Buf- falo is one of the most important features of its com- mercial activity, and has incidentally caused the development of many other branches of industry. Among those thus dependent on it for their successful continuance, none is ot greater moment than that which has for its object the manufacture of such articles as are necessary or use- ful for the proper preservation of the products of thebreweries. Among the representative hou.ses engaged in this city in this branch of trade, one of the largest and most widely known is that ot Mr. M. J. Bemhai-d, m.inu- facturer of beer and lunch coolers and all kinds of saloon fixtures. The business was establtshed in 1881 by the present proprietor, in the premises still occupied at No. TIS Jefferson Street, and from the start received an excellent patronage, which, owing to the uniforn ly high standard of the gooils produced, has since steadily in- creased. The building is a substantial three story brick one, SSxllS feet in dimensions, containing the factory and a handsomely furnished and well fitted up office. The factory is fully equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances for the prosecution of this im.portant indus- try. The motor power is supphed by a C". horse power engine, while up- 111 .1 .i^liteen skiUed artisans and . I iiiu-s are steadily employed at >ns The house manufactures ].. '.f saloon fixtures, such as 1 1 h I . p . I . rry backbars and ,~li tables; the same 11 nalnut; footrails; V ti I ' iiiTii. I 111' T, wine, and lunch Wound Di/nci iiiti. coolers; bar screens; lunch and cigar cases A specialty is made of the manufacture of the " King " beer, wme, and lunch cooler (patent for which has been appUed for), and which took the silver medal at the St. Louis Agricultural and Me- chanical Exposition in ISCT. The advantage claimed for this cooler over its rivals is that, the ice chamber being in the centre of the cooler and provided with a glass lined and nickpl plated bra^s faucet and ten feet of block tin pipe co;i."l ilin. :l. mil r the ice, warm beer win at once get cool bypassiii:; ' i ' i' ■ i" . If, on the other band, in cool weather the bo,- 1 i . , too cold, this pipe can be disconnected and an oi .in i in ■ • u^.-d. The trade is very extensive, covering the whole I nioii. a branch office for the western states havmg been established in St. Louis, Mo. All orders receive prompt attention, and all goods are crated to protect in shipping, and are delivered on cars or boat at Buffalo without extra charge. Prices quoted are uniformly moderate, while saloons, etc., in the city are furnished out on easy payments. Mr. Bemhard was bom in Gcmianv, and has been a resident of Buffalo since IKn. ILLUSTRATED MAM KACTUREKS & TRADERS' BANK. Seni-ca iind Main sirti'is.— Biiffttlo. as one of ilie sn-at iiniioiinl centres of IlimnL-ialftctiviiy in ili.- Uiiitcii States. Iiiuiin no way ileinoii- sti-ntedliei-siii)ii-ni;u'> ^■. ilhi "ii:;lii\ a- in the development of her banks and fiscal . .r| .^ ,n t -litniions consiltnto the solid foundation of ..in - > inni' i < i il n n . .. is, and liiivc been inipoi^ant factors of fv. -I > n.. . mii i. r.-.. .■.iilred in our midst. Prominent antnng the repivs.niaiiv.- I.anks of the city, Is the Munu- fiietnrei's & Traders' Bank, whose Imnkinj; rooms are li>cated corner Seneca anil Alain Streets. Tliis liank was orKHiiized Maivli 'M. IS.'iG. with a capital of S'.W.OtX), which was in 1839 Increased to S.'.0O.O(X), and in I8T0 to SIWO.OOO. As its name implies it was established chiefly to promote the interests of tnerclnints and niamifacturers. and with its large capital and excellent management, it has been of great benellt in supporting and encouraging their interests. It is re- garded as one of the best banks in tlie Stale of New York, ond is one of the few banks of tlie country that never suspended specie pay- ments. Its surplus and undivided profits now ainomit to S.|3-I.07T.'*1, and its career has been a very successful one, highly creditable to the executive ability and conservative judgment of its management. The Manufacturers and Traileis' Bank solicits the accounis of Iwnks, bankers, manufacturers, merchants, and others and offers very superior facilities for the transaction of every branch of busi- ness. The bank discounts flrst-class commercial paper, issues Brown Bros. & Co.'s lettei-s of credit, makes telegraphic transfers of money, while a specialty is made of collections on all points and amounts promptly remitted at lowest rates. The Board of Directors is thoroughly representative— composed of prominent capitalists and business men, whose names are synonymous with integrity, and whose interests are allied with the growth and prosperity of the city ; and there is no flse-al institution in Buffalo, which enjoys greater confidence or whose management is more prudent and sagacious. Tlie following is the list of officers ond directors, viz.: Pascal P. Pratt, piesident; FrancisH. Root, vice-president; James H. Madison, cashier: Harry T. Ramsdell. assistant cashier: R. H. Danforth, second assistant cashier. Directors, Pascal P. Pratt, Francis H. Rost, James H. Madison. Bronson C. Rumsey, Gibson T. Williams, William H. Cilenny. John D. Hill. Franklin D. Locke. Robert L. Fryer. William Hamlin. John J. McWilliams. George S. Field. The subjoined quarterly statement June U. 1890, gives the condition of this leading institution at the present time. Resources— loans and iliscounus, $I,36S, 133.04: reserve (cash on band. $W6.869.03: cash with banks, $(«7,9«9.2.>i= ), $1,291,368.26; real estate. $6,870.19; bonds and Mortgages. $82.5.15.71— total. $5,691,909.20. Liabilities— capital. $900,000.00: undivided profits, 484.677.24; deposits, 4,357,a;JI.96- total. S5.B9!, 909.20. The president, Mr. Pascal P. Pratt, was bom in the village of Buffalo, September 15, 1819, and has been a life-long resi- dent of this city. As a man of affairs in all business relations he has ever combined caution, sagacity and entei-pri.se with an integrity of purpose which no circumstances could alter or permit of a sacri- fice of principle. Mr. Pratt is an able financier, and a vigorous ex- ponentof the soundest principles governing bankingandflnance. In 1KS5. at the earnest solicitation of the stockholders, he accepted the presidency of the Manufacturers" & Traders' Bank, and disposed of his interest in the firm of Pratt & Co., in order that he might give to the bank the full Iwneflt of bis experience and matured judgment. Many other offices of honor and responsibility are held by Mr. Pratt. He is a director of the W. N. Y. & P. R.R., a trustee of the BulTalo (Jaslight Co., president of the Board of Trustees of the Buffalo Female .\cademy, president of the Board of Trustees of the Young Men's Christian Association, Treasurer of the Forest Lawn Cemeter}- .Association, a trustee of the North Presbyterian Church, a trustee of the Buffalo Orphan Asylum, and a supporter of all organizations whose purpose is to promote the cause of literature, science and art in this city. Jlr. Root, the viee-piesident. is of the firm of Messrs. Root & Keating, wholesale leather dealers, and is also a director in several other banks and fiscal institutions. He is a man of wealth and position, and one of the ablest financiers in the county. Mes.srs. James H. Madison, the cashier, and Harry T. Ramsdell, the assist- ant cashier, are talented and honorable bank officers with every qualification for their responsible positions. The bank's building is one of the handsomest and most prominent in the city, and the banking rooms are admirably equipped with every convenience for the prompt dispatch of business. The principal correspondents of the bank are the First National. National Bank of the Republic, and Western Nati.inal Banks, New York, with correspondents also in the principal cities of the United States, Canada, and Kun.pe. A J. WRIGHT A CO., Commission Merchants, Stocks, Bonds, and Grain, Nos, 8 and » Board of Trade Building.— BulTalo, by rea,«on of her excellent railway and lake connections and * terminal facilities, has liecoine the chief |>olnt in western New Y'ork for the receipt and handling of grain, which trade now occupies the attention of many of our leading commission mer- chants. Prominent among the number in the Queen City of the Lokes is the old established and representative firm of Messrs. A. J. Wiight & Co . commission nierchanls in grain, stocks, anil bonds, wliose offices are located ai N..s S and 9 Board of Trade Building. This bnsiiiess»asestal.li I" I m ' v ' ■•" A. Preston and A. P. Wiight, who were snccc.-.i. I - - i . \ P. Wright & Son. In 1890 Mr. A. P. Wright leiii. I I . i iiiMi of A. .1. Wright & Co. was organized, the c..|.ai i . i i. n .^- '.I.^-rs. Albert J. Wright and James L. Oladnin, with Mi . CbarlHs K. C.xin as special partner. The firm's connections are of a superior character, including leading consignors of grain all over the western and northwestern states, while their facilities are in every respect strictly first class, enabling them to promptly handle the largest consignments, advancing to any extent upon the same, and giving their patrons the benefits of the most favorable quotations on 'change. Messrs. A. J. Wright & Co. also buy and sell stricily on commission all stocks, bonds, and miscel- laneous securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and hove an office in New York City, at No. 57 Broadway. They are members of the New Y'ork Stock Exchange, Chicago Board of Trade, and Buffalo Merchants' Exchange, and their offices are connected by wire with all exchanges, including those of Toronto, Montreal. Ottawa. Lockport, Rochester, etc. The firm give untiring attention to the wants of customers requiring information relative to profit- able investments, and their advice and judgment on all matters are of the greatest value to intending speculators. They promptly fill orders, ond have an intimate knowledge of every feature of the stock and money markets. Mr. James L. Gladwin has chai-ge of the New York City office, while the Buffalo business is managed by Mr A. J. Wright." Mr. A. J. Wright is a director of several corporations, and was president of the Buffalo Merchants' Exchange, and Boani of Trade. Mr. Coon is ex-secretary of the U. S. Treasury and also a member of the firm of Bateman & Co., of New York. The flrin em piny twenty persons, and this is the largest commission house in Buffalo, sir Wright is highly esteemed in financial circles for his exectitive ability and integrity, and those giving their orders to his firm will find their interests guarded and protected in every judicious and available tnanner. KRANICHFELD & BRENNER, Sanitary Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitter-s. No. .MO Genesee Street.— It is impossible in connection with the complexities of city life to overestimate the value of first class plumbers in keeping that deadly enemy, sewer gas, away from houses. A prominent and progre.s sive firm in Buffalo, actively engaged in this useful industry, is that of Messrs. Kranichfeld & Brenner, sanitary plumbers, gas. and steam fitters, whose store is located at 540 Genesee Street. This business was established In 1886 by Messrs. Albert C. Kranichfeld and Chris tian Brenner, both of whom are thoroughly practical and expert plumbers, fully conversant with every detail of this important biisi ness, and the requirements of the most exacting customers. They occupy a spacious one story building. 25x75 feet in area. Here they keep a well selected and choice stock of lead, wrought and cast iron pipes, rubber hose, both tubs, boilers, water closets, sinks, pumps, etc. The firm make o specialty of house drainage, ond promptly attend to orders by mail. They undertake everything in the way of plumbing, ventilating, steam and gas fitting contracts are entered into, and the complete fitting up of biuldings is satisfactorily exe- ctited. The firm employ only flrst-class workmen and use the best materials, while they fully guarantee all work. Both partners are natives of Buffalo and are noie- equipped with the latest improved K.iller Process machinery and ap- l.liances known to the trade. Here 40 si.illed hands are employed, and the iiiailiinery is driven by a superior 250- li'irse-power steam-engine. In the mill are 17 double sets of rolls, and its ca- I I icily is 600 barrels of flour daily. The piiiicipal brands produced are "Urban's III St," '■Pearl,'"and "Pie Crust," aflour made especially for pie pastry. These tuaiids are unrivalled for quality, pur- !i\-. and uniform excellence, and are t-'e 11 i-ral favorites with the trade and pub- li wherever introduced. Orders are piMinptlj- filled at the lowest ruling mar- kri [irices, and the ti-ade of the house e\ ('-lids throughout all sections of New ^ 'iK-. Pennsylvania, and New England, Hliile large quantities of the firm's sjileiuUd flour is exported to Europe. ^lessrs. Urban & Co. also deal largely ai wholesale in feed, grain, etc., and tiiTer substantial inducements to the iia.Ie, and deaUngs once commenced Willi Messi-s. Urban & Co. will surely I. --lilt pleasantly and profitably to all ci iiicerned. The partners are natives of liiilTalo. where they are highly regarded ill trade circles for their enterprise. business ability and integrity, and are lulled throughout Buffalo for their public spiriteduess and the interest they talie in all matters pertaining to the ad- xaitceinent of the Queen City of the Lakes. Mr. George Urban, Jr., is vice- 1. resident of the Buffalo Loan, Trust, aiiil Safe Deposit Company, a director of 111.- Merchants' B.auk, president of the Till .iiison & Houston Electric Light Com- pany, and a trustee and member of the -II.-r.lianfsExchange. Mr. E. G. S. Miller is manager of Lang's Brewery, and a diii-iiorof the Buffalo Loan and Trust riMijiany. Among the illustrations in this work is that of Buffalo's last log caiuii. which stands on grounds belong- ing: I" ^li". George Urban. .Tr. ILLUSTRATED I^>SvFFAL0ji?1 ^^>. CLKMF.NT & CO.NOVKR. Keol KmuW ai NesoIlaUst, Tax and Title Si-arclie8. Etc., Hut<'hlii8on Build- Intr, Ka)![f Street AltliouKh a eoniparallvely younK flrm. Clement and Conover, the ent«rprislnt; real estate ond insur- ance lirokers, wbose well ordered office Is located at Room No. 1, Hutchinson BulldlnR, Eagle Stivet (opposite City Hall), have already entablislied a business connection vouchsafed to but feu- of the older representatives of the realm of realty and risks In Buffalo. They have been enROKed in the sphere of activity above indicated since April 1st, of the present year, and from the start have been rapidly winning their way to pubUc confidence and favor, numbering now in their clientele some of the solid citizens in the community. The secret of these gentlemen's popularity and prosiierity is not far to seek, however Conducting all their transactions on con.servative and equitable principles, thoroughly conversant with every detail and feature pertaining to the purchase, sale and transfer of property and kindred operations, and being, withal, both men of energy and sagacity, it is only in the very nature of things that Messrs Clement and Conover should have attained the full measure of success that has attendt-d their well directed efforts. They conduct a general real estate and insurance agency, and are prepared to buy, sell, ex change and lease, on commission, all clas.ses of city and suburban property, giving personal attention in like manner to renting and collecting. Estates are taken in charge also and judiciously man- aged, and taxes are paid for non residents while tax and title searches are made a specialty. Loans are negotiated on bond and mortgage, likewise; investments are desirably place' particular, the .service of a superior character and the attendance all that could be desired, from twenty to twenty- five in help being employed, while the bar is stocked with the choic est brands of wines, liquors, cigars, etc. The office, bar and dining room (which seats seventy-five) are conveniently situated on the first floor; everything is new, neat, fresh, and inviting, and. altogether, bne does not often find such comforts at the same figures as are pro- vided for their guests by mine hosts of the Carlton. Messrs. Timothy H. Crowley and Frank M. Smyth, the proprietors, are gentlemen in the prime of life and natives of this city, and unless all signs fail the popularity and prosperity that have attended this well and favorably known hostelry under their efficient management are bound to en- dure and increase. ILLUSTRATED MARINE BANK OF BUFFALO, No. 230 Main Street.— Promi- nent among the leading banlis of the city is the Marine Bank, whose baulfiug rooms are located at No. *» Main Street. This bank was organized July S, 1S.50. It has a paid-up capital of $200,000, wliich has been further augmented by a »u?-plus and undivided profits of $450,000, and possesses every facility to meet the legitiruale necessities of the business community. The bank receives upon favorable terms the accounts of banks, bankers, corporations, manufacturei-s, merchants, and others. It issues sight drafts upon all tlie principal cities and points in the United States, grants letters of credit available throughout the world, makes telegraphic transfers of money, negotiates and collects bills of exchange, discounts first-class commercial paper, etc. The Ijank makes a specialty of collections and prompt i*emittances of amounts received at a mininmm of cost. The management is pro- gressive and neglects no point of efficiency demanded by modem eonimercial practice, and at the same time carefully guaids the in- terests of its depositors, scrupulously protecting them against any >me of the iness cora- .■rit; J. M. Henry J. possibility of risk. The officers and dirHrtms i most prudent, honorable, and successful m^-n i munity. They are as follows, viz.: S. M i I'lnr Richmond, vice-president; S. iM. Clem^-ni. Jr . Wilkes, assistant cashier. Directors, .S. ,M. Clement, .1. M. Rich- mond. Gibson T. Williams, Slierman S. Jewett, Bronson C. Rumsey, John W. Bush. E. H. Hutchinson, S. M. Clement. While from the start the business of the Marine Bank has been both creditable and highly successful, the most profitable period of its history has been the twenty-one years during which Mr. Clement, the pi-esident, has been in office. Throughout this period the average annual profits have exceeded 23 per cent, on the capital stock. Mr. Clements is likewise president of the Merchants' National Bank, Dunkirk, a director in the Bank of North America, New York, and also a di- rector in the First National Bank. Faribault, Minnesota. Mr. Jewett M. Richmond, the vice-president, is widely known for his talents and executive ability, and is president of the Buffalo Mutual Gaslight Company, and a director of the Buffalo and Southwestern Railroad Company. He is also a member of the Young Men's Association, a trustee of the Buffalo Club and of the Buffalo Savings Bank and the Cemetery Association. Mr. Richmond is likewise a member of the Buffalo Historical Society, and a patron of several worthy charities, and a willing friend to the needy. Few men have done more for Buffalo than Jewett M. Richmond. With two of its very finest buildings, the " Library," and the new " Fireproof Hotel," his name should ever be associated, for he supplied what may be called the motive power for their erection. Mr. S. M. Clement, Jr., the cashier, is an honorai)le, cultured gentleman, eminently qualified for the im- portant trust reposed in him. FH. & C. W. GOODYEAR. Pennsylvania White Hemlock Limi ber; Office, Coal and Iron Exchange.— Buffalo has several ^ concerns that maintain their supremacy in their respective lines as regards the entire United States. Such an one is the eminent house of Messrs. F. H. & C. W. Goodyear, the largest man- ufacturers and shippers of white hemlock lumber in the world. The business was established in 1872 by Mr. F. H. Goodyear, and has steadily progressed, both as to the extension of the firm's posses- sions of timber supply, mill capacity and aimual sales. Their mills are located at Austin, Pa . on the direct line of the Sinnemahonig Valley Railroad, and of which they are also ihe proprietors. These mills are magnificently equipped with circular band gang saws, edgers and all improved machinery run by heavy steam power, and afford employment to several hundred hands, in all capacities, in- cluding peeling bark, logging, shipping, cutting, piling, etc. These mills have the enormous capacity of 400.000 feet a day, and the firm are now handUng upwards, of 12.'),000.000 feet of choicest white hem- lock annually— figures tar in excess of those of any other concern in existence. They ship direct fioin the mills to all points in New Eng- land, the Middle States, and Ohio They always have many million feet of dry lumber piled, thoroughly air seasoned, and Iheir extra grades of white hemlock are much preferred by dealers and con- sumers everywhere. They have developed a great i-ailroad system in reaching the finest hemlock forests in the state of Pennsylvania, and operate over sixty miles of logging and freight railroads, connecting with the main line of the Sinnemahonig Valley Railroad. This road was built by Mr. F. H. Goodyear in 1886, and has its general offices in this city. Mi-. F. H. Goodyear is the president: Mr. C. W. Goodyear, vice president and General Jfanager; Mr. E O. Cheney, treasurer and auditor: and '^'r. H r T^ri-iHrliill. the genei-al passenger andfreigiit agent. The mnn is tlmti-Hn miles in length, and runs between iCeating and (..-[.11... n, l'..tt.-r Co. Built originally to faciUtate th,-! firm's liiini. i in- ..perMiinns, it is now a regularly operated mail, ra<^. II ::• i. " ' ti i-lii route, n ith express i rains each way. Messrs. I i i... '■.■ntracts for white hemlock lum- ber cut to any .In. hive the well earned reputation of shipping the larg... I ....i. i-. -m, iiy per agreement as to quality and dimensions. They are natives . .f this state and permanent residents of this city, progressive, responsible, and public-spirited, and have secured to Buffalo the headquarters of a trade as vast as it is valuable. JT. McLaughlin, Real Estate. Nos. 42 and 44 Niagara Street. —Among the leading and most extensive operators in real , estate in the " Queen City of the Lakes " is Mr. J. T. Mc- Laughlin, whose handsomely a|>pointed offices are in rooms 33. 34, 35 and 36 "Agency Building," Nos. 48 and 44 Niagara Street. This gentleman has been identified w^ith real estate interests for many years, and is recognized as among the best informed members of the real estate fraternity. He has been concerned in some of the largest real estate depls ever carried Ihiough in the city of Buffalo and its vicinity. He buys and sells all kinds of realty on <'ommis- sion, and is liimself a considerable property owner. His patrons in- clude the leading capitalists and operators in land investments in the city and its surroundings, and he is thoroughly posted on the the laws governing real estate transactions, while he has a thorough and complete knowledge of the present and prospective values of residential and business properties in all parts of the city and its environs. He has at all times extensive real estate interests in hand, and is the president of five land companies, and officially identified with more than double that number. He is the president of tlie recently formed Union Land Exchange, which takes charge of the management of the affairs and interests of separate and distinct land companies. He is also piesideut of ilie Bishop Land Co.. the Mutual Land Security Co., the Tonawanda Heights Land Co., and the Marshall Land Company. Mr. McLaughlin is a native of New Y'ork city, but an old resident in Buffalo, where he is recognized as a most useful and valued citizen. Ei-e he became a dealer in realty. Mr. McLaughlin was in the publishing business, and was one of the founders of the Buffalo Press Club, of which he is still a prominent member. He is a gentleman of most genial disposition, and his courtesy, promptitude and straightforward, honorable business methods have won him confidence and friendship on every hand. WILLIAM B CUTTER, Real Estate, Investment Securities, Etc , No. 19 White Building.— The growth and develop- ment of the real estate and kindred interests in and around Buffalo within the past decade have been es- pecially notable; and among the many stanch and sagacious citizens who have been prominently identified with this desirable progress there is none more worthy of complimentary note in the present re view than William B. Cutter, whose bfflce is located at Room No. 19 White Building, and than whom none sustains a higher reputation for integrity and reliability, as few, if any, enjoy a larger measure of pubUc confidence and favor. He has been established here about four years, and has built up a substantial business connection, num- bering in his extensive cUrntele some of the largest property own- ers and wealthiest capitalists in the community. Mr. Cutter, who is a gentleman in the prime of life, and a native of this city, is a man of entire probity of character, as well as of energy, sagacity and ample experience in the handling of property, etc., and persons hav- ing business relations with him are assured of finding the same both pleasant and profitable. Mr. Cutter, who occupies commodious quarters on the second floor of the White Building, with telephone connection (No. 1609), is assisted by an efficient clerical staff, and exercises close personal supervision over every detail of the business. He is a general real estate broker, buying, selling and exchanging an kinds of city and suburban property, on commission, and gives personal attention to the collection of rents and the management of estates for non-residents, the sale of sub-division lots on easy time payments, being a specialty. ILLUSTRATED THE QUEEN CITY OF THE LAKES, FARMERS & MECHANICS- BANK, No. 1!I8 Main Streel.-Thc city of Buffalo, as a (treat niiiinnal CHiid-e of lluancial activity, has ill no brancli aitaineil sueli a tlenrtM- of development as in the prosi>erity and iisefnliies.s of her Imnlcs and fiscal corpo- rations. Their nianugenieut is in the hands of men, whose ability and just inelhixls have won the oonlldeiiue of the commercial world. Ill this connection special reference is made in this com- iiiercial ivview to the old established and successful Fanners' and Mechanics' Bunk, whose banking rooms are located at No. li)8 Main Stivet, ill the Exchange Buildiiit;. This bonk was originally orgaii- lzeeing perfect and liis intel- l.-ct as clear and decisive as ever. He was the auihor of the Legal Tender Act and the National Banking Act, the original bills in his own handwriting being still in his p Street, Coiner Swan.— The oldest wholesale hardware house and leading concern in Buffalo and western New York is unquestionably that of Messrs. Weed & Co., which has had an honorable and successful career dating away back to 1818, when the business was started by the late Messrs. G. and T. Weed, thus representing three generations engaged in the same trade and on the same site. The house has had various changes, and the firm is now composed of Mr. Hobart Weed and Mr. James R. Smith, both partners bringing to bear special qualifications for carrying on the business upon the most modern progressive basis, and with every facility at command, including widespread influen- tial connections and a stock that is recognized as the finest and most comprehensive in town. This is the old stand, a regular land- mark in Buffalo's mercantile circles. The store on Main Street is 75x100 feet in dimensions, and connects with a four-story warehouse in the rear, 40x100 feet in dimensions. Here is carried a most com- prehensive stock of shelf and heavy hardware, agricultural and garden implements, etc.. a prominent specialty being made of ta- ble and pocket cutleiy, scissors, etc. In these lines the firm carry the best brands of imported goods from Sheffield as well as the leading American makes, and offer the most substantial induce- ments both as to price and quality. The Arm do the best class of city trade, and also have very desirable and important wholesale connections all over western New York and northern Pennsylvania. This is the representative house in this branch of staple trade in Buffalo, and possesses all the vigor of modern, capable management, coupled with ample resources. Mr. Hobart Weed is a Buffalonian by birth, and has here in his native city achieved a marked success in mercantile life. He gives personal attention to the guidance of this business, and brings to bear sound judgment and marked execu- tive capacity, and worthily sustains the enviable reputation of the Weed family name in commercial life. Mr. James R. Smith is prom- inent and respected in leading financial and mercantile circles, and is a member of the firm of Messrs. Smith. Fassett & Co., the well known lumber merchants. He is also a director of the Bank of Commerce and is the Vice-president of the Merchants' Bank, two of the most conservatively conducted financial institutions of Buf- falo. He is also the Vice-president of the Crocker Fertilizing and Chemical Company, and is a most infiuential and valued member of Buffalo's trade circles. The house has an enviable record of sixty- eight years' duration, and is to-day the most vigorous, as it is the leading, concern of the kind in town. GERMAN-AMERICAN STEAM LAUNDRY, John Klug, Proprie- tor, No. 26C East Genesee Street.— It is not many years since the home washing had to be done by the laborious process of hand- rubbing, wringing, and iron, the only aids being a tub, wash- board, and sad-iron. Labor-saving machinery and public laundries have revolutionized all this. A noted Buffalo laundry which has ac- quired an enviable reputation for superior work and reliable business methods is that of the German American Steam Laundry (Mr. John Klug proprietor), located at No. 266 East Genesee Street. This gen- tleman was born in this state. For five years he was employed in a prominent laundry in Rochester, and afterwards, for two years, travelled for the Troy Laundry Machinery Company, setting up and giving instruction in the working of their machinery. In 18S9 he founded his present establishment, which at once became the centre of a very liberal and substantial trade. The premises utilized com- prise a two-story building, 30x60 feet in dimensions, which are sup- plied with the latest improved steam washers, ironers, di-yers, and everything known to modem .science for use in a laundry, and op- erated by a steam engine of ample power, while a full force of ex- perienced hands are given constant emplo.vment. All work is exe- cuted in a superior and prompt manner and without injury to gar- ments. Lace curtains, fine shirts, chemises, skirts, collars and cuffs, pillow-shams, embroidered articles, fine dresses, etc., are laundered in the most artistic and skilful manner, and the annoy- ances of having articles changed for those of others is most care- fully guarded against, while the prices charged are very reasonable. Orders are called for and delivered promptly, and high standard of service is assured. Mr. King is a courteous and energetic man. prr>mpt and reliable, and has won success by his careful attention to the wants of the public .nnd first-class service. ILLU STRAY EC ^-Bvffaloji^c c \ HAS. J. BORK, Fire Insurance, and I'loiiri.iur vl Altica Jlllls AlUca, N. y.. No. BO EuRle Strc«t,-'lbo Are insurance isiuess of BulTalo is one of its mont iniporUinl interests, anil , its details and successful mano«ement is invesUHl a vast enpital. alTordinK protection to property tliat coulU not possibly bo secured by any other means. One of the most succcsssful ol the In- Burance agencies of the city is that of Mr. Chas. J. Bork, whose office is located at No. 20 Eagle Street. The business of Uiis house was started iu 1880 by Sir. Joseph Bork, by whom it was conducted up to January 1, il<90, when he was succeeded by his son, the present proprietor, who, though one of the youngest, is yet one of the most enterprising, energetic, and progressive business men in Buffalo. Mr. Bork represents Uie following stanch and reliable companies, in which he is prepared to issue risks to any amount: North British and Mercantile Insurance Company of Englanrt; London Assur- ance Corporation of England; America Fire In.surance Compony of Philadelphia; Buffalo German Insurance Company of Biiffalo; Pbcenix Insurance Company of Brooklyn, and Imperial Insurance Company of London. Mr. Bork is likewise pmprietor of the Attica Mills, Attica, N. Y , where he manufactures the highest grades of flour. The mills have a productive capacity of 400 barrels a day, and the special brands made here include " C. J. B. Best." "Silver Spring," " Sweet Home," " Prize." " Spring Beauty," and " Morning Glory." A part of the products go to the eastern market All sales made in Buffalo are filled from the Buffalo store room, Fillmore Avenue and South Broadway. Mr. Bork, who is a native of Buffalo, is an active member nf the Fire Underwriters' As.sociation, and is held in the highest estimation for his honorable business principles and his straightforward manner of conducting his transactions. NATIONAL CASH REGISTER, Chas. M. Proctor, General Agent, No. U E. Seneca Street. Aciiong the many inventions that have recently been hrouglit t.> the notice of the public it is safe to say that none have proved of more advantage to the business community than the National Cash Register. As its name indicates it is a machine for taking care of all money trans- action*, cash and cr.'dit sales, and is correct and reliable. It is strong and substantially made, works antomaiically, and perfect in every re.spect. The "Register" will tell the exact amount of cash and credit sales made ilaily, the amount of money paid in and out on account, and the amount of money taken out and not charged, and the numlier of times the ca-^b drawer lias been opened for change, and can be used with or without a eashier, in short, gives a full detailed statement of the business of the day. With a Nntional Cash Register you lake nothing for granu^. Yourcash drawercan- not be opened except by pressing 6; assets not included tmderany of the above beads. *« 904 19; total. $1,428.077 09. Liabilities: capital stock paid in, in cash. $300,000; surplus, $.-)0.000; undivided profits, $.'i«,0o0.09; due depositoi-s, SS7;5,191.0I: due state and uational hanks, etc., $218,8:15 99; total, $1,428,077.09. Mr. George C. White was the fli-st president, and continued in ofllce from 1853 to 1868. He was suc- oeeiled by Mr. Pidmer, John B. Grillln, Jas. D. Sawyer, and eventu- ally in 1883 by James D. Warren. Sir. James D. Warren, was the proprietor of the C-ommercial Advert'ser and chairman of the Re- publican State Committee, when he did valiant work in the presi- dential campaign of ISftl. He died in December, 1886. His snc- ces-sor. Mr. John L. WiHiams, is as widely known for his executive ability as for the just manner in which he protects the interests of depositors and stockholders. Mr S. W. Warren is a brother of J. D. Warren, the former presitlent. He became assistant cashier in 1880, and cashier :n 1886. Boih Mr. Wanen and Mr. Briggs, the assistant oflshier. are able and rnrefnl bank officers, eminently qualified for their important positions. The principal New York correspondents of the tiank are the Com Exchange. Seaboard National, and Conti- nental National banks. ILLUSTRATED THE BANK OF BUrFAI,0, Comer Maio and Seneca Streets.— In referring to the banking industries of Buffalo we desire to make special reference in tiiis commercial review to the re- liable and progressive Bank of Buffalo, whose banking offices ai*e eligibly located comer of Main and Seneca Streets. Organized in 1873, under the laws of the State of New York, this bank com- menced operations with a paid-up capital of $300,000, which has since been further augmented by a surplus of $300,000. Its officers and directors include some of the most prudent, honorable, and suc- cessful men in the business community. This bank receives de- posits, discounts approved commercial paper, deals in exchange, and transacts a general banking business. I' makes a specialty of collections by means of its correspondents in all sections of the United States, Canada, and Europe. Its policy towards all the sub- stantial interests of Buffalo is liberal and encouraging, and it gives judicious and valuable support to all kinds of commercial and indus- trial enterprises. Mr. Jewett, the president, was born in Moravia, Cayuga County, N. Y., January 17, 1818, and came to Buffalo May 3, 1834. He is one of the ciiy's ablest business men, and is senior part- ner of the firm of Sherman S. Jewett & Co., stove manufacturers. Mr. Jewett was member of Common Council 1845, 1S46, and 1849. In 1878 he was nominated for Congress, but his health prevented his acceptance of the nomination. He was one of the Republican presi- dential electors in 1880, and has been a member of the Board of Park Commissioners, and its president in 1879. Mr. Jewett was one of the founders of the Buffalo Club in 1867. and president in 1874. He was also one of the originators of the Buffalo Fine Art Academy, and en- dowed it with $10,000, whUe he likewise liberally supported the Buffalo Library, and is one of our public spirited citizens. Mr. William H. Cornwell, the cashier, was elected in 1877. The bank had but tliree clerks then in its employment, its clientage was limited, and the total deposits were only $500,000. To-day it employs 40 clerks, the cus- tomers are numbered by hundreds, the deposits amount of $4,000,000, and the surplus is larger than the capital. What have been the principal causes of this phenomenal success ? We answer the mod- em banking methods introduced by Mr. Corawell have practically changed the banking business of Buffalo. Mr. Cornwell has always enjoyed the cordial cooperation of President Jewett, whose ripe ex- perience, coupled with the cashier's ability and progressive ideas, have secured to the bank its unprecedented prosperity without de- parting from the safe lines of banking. On the walls of the bank is a stenographic fjieze, designed by Mr. Cornwell, which translated reads, " Favor and Benevolence are not the attributes of good bank- ing. Strict justice and the rigid peiformance of contracts are its proper foundations." The scene in the bank of Buffalo during bank- ing hours is one of remarkable activity, and it is a common remark that if one desires to meet any prominent business man, this is the most certain place to see him. The new room for lady depositors is a gem of fitness and good ta.ste, and there is a separate teller's win- dow, where ladies alone are waited on. In conclusion, we would ob. serve that the bank of Buffalo is a lasting source of credit to the Queen City, and a moimment to the energy and ability of its officers and founders. BUFFALO VULCANITE AND ASPHALT PAVING COMPANY (Limited), No. 13!^ Swan Street.— One of the great boons to our niodt-rn civilization is the modern asphalt pavement as laid by the Buffalo Vulcanite Asphalt Company Oimi'ed). Some years ago, the crude efforts of otlier concerns to lay a reliable asphalt pavement met with failure, and their »ork proved tmsatis- factoiy, but the Buffalo Vulcanite Asphalt Company (limited), since its incorporation in 1888, has executed the finest work of the kind in existence, by reason of the tact that its officers are experienced, practical men, who thoroughly understand the chemistry as well as ingredients for a perfect time defying, frost proof and waterproof pavement, and whose contracts here and elsewliere as executed, afford positive proof that no other concern anywhere is doing such splendid work. President Conners and his associates enforce a thorough system of orgiidzation, and hiive extensive works at the foot of Bird Avenue, on the bank of the Erie Canal, where they have inve.sted large capital in land, bnUdinresentatives. This is also headquarters for machine tools, mill and engine supplies, belting, packing, etc. The firm carry a very Urge stock of steel, zinc, lead, sheet iron, sheet copper, tin plate, etc., and offer the most substantial inducements both as to price and quality. It may be mentioned that this firm, in the course of its prosperous career, on January 1st, 1886. absorbed the stock and good will of the old firm of Pratt & Co. Messrs. Walbridge & Co. reach the trade of a large part of the Union, and are noted for hand- ling all staple goods on the smallest margins, their immense sales giving them advantages to offer that small houses find it impossible lo do. Messrs. Wallirirtge are members of the Merchants' Exchange, and are popular, respected mercliants. who have achieved their great success on the true basis of lioiioralile effort and the ability to secure and handle the best goods only at lowest rates. J NO. D. SMITH, .\gent for the Carton Furnace, Dealer in Chande- Uers and Gas Fixtures. Plumber, Gas and Steam Fitter, No. 51 Peorl Street. -An unbroken record of prosperity extending over a period of thirty-eight years sums np in brief the busine.ss career of Jno. D. Smith, agent for the Carton furnace, and dealer in chandeliers and gas-fixtures, also plumber, steam aud gas fitter. No. 51 Pearl Street. His establishment is the oldest and one of the largest and leading concerns of the kind in Buffalo, and his trade, which U very extensive, affords evidence of steady increase. The assortment displayed here is exceedingly line— about the largest and finest in the city— and every article S'ld is fully warranted, while all work executed is guaranteed first class. The prices quoted, too, are of the most reasonable character, everything considereeing five stories in height, and JiK irni r.- : i,, .liun-nsions, while one half of the adjoining five-story i i i in added to seeuri' increased floor space. Tins Imu i ii. linesl pianofortes made, being the sole agents for th. ". i M i,.!n u^ imike of Steinway & Sons, also splendid instrumei.is fii.ru the faciorie.s of Steck, Fischer, Krakauer Bros.. Chase Co.. Hall-tt & Davis, New England Piano Company, etc. It is a great advantage to a purchaser to have a numlMjr of leading makes to select from, and to this attractitui here is ad.led one that tile firm are prepared to sell instruments on the inslahiient plan, with ample time for payment in full. Here also is heailquarters for pianos and organs to let. The niagiiiiutlc of the business transacted here may bo gathered, when we state that the firm have a thousand pianos and organs, either in the ware- rooms, hired out, or being paid for on their easy terms. Nowhere are found such moderate prices, while the honorable polic-y of the house lias ever been to describe instruments, etc.. with absohile ac- curacy, and give the customer the same ailvantases eveiy way that he could have in New York City. The lirni are the leading importers of and dealei-s in musical insti uineius, strina.s, and sup- plies of all kinds; sheet music, music books, ete. Any piece of music, new or old, can be had here, while the tlrni are also popular publishei-s of music, and bring out a great many original piecesin the course of the year. The firm have all tlir ht-st class nf trade in Buffalo, and control same throughout Ki i. \ii_ u i i huiiauqua. Cattaraugus, and Wyoming Countie.s,thi- ~il i . uple of hundred thousand dollai-s annually. Mr. 1 '. i . i . i ,illy pop- ular and respected, a worthy exponent oi ili. .Vimru.ui music trade, and has brought to bear in his mercantile traiLsactions those traits of character and ability that win the este»Mn and confidence of the cominunity at large. THE C.VTON BUSINESS COLLEGE COMPANY, Incorporated Jan. -'I, 1890, with paid-up capital stock of SlOO.OtlO; Prof. M. J. (iiton. President; H. F. Crumb. Business Manager; Pearl and Church Streets. — The most phenomenal success of the age In educational circles are the choin ..f business colleges founded by that eminent and progressive educator, IVof. M. J. Caton, who is a born teacher of the highest order of intellect, and one of the most competent, systematic organizers in the United States. Prof. Caton opened his Cleveland Bnsine-ss College in 18sr. Iiaviiig but three pu- pils at the start, and over 1300 before the close of the first scholastic year. Tliis rapid rate of growth and development has eharacteriiied that college ever since, and also his Buffalo business college, which was estaidished in 1889 in the elegant, modern, four-story premises, specially erected for the purpose at the corner of Pearl and Church Streets. Here are large, elegantly-furnished class-rooms ami lee ture halls, and where is afforded the most complete and thorough course of tuition of any business college in Buffalo. The personal guidance of the college devolves upon Mr. H. F. Cnimh. a yonng man of the highest uttaiiimentii and marked educational and execu- tive ability. Prof. Caton gives It his careful supervision, and has secured a faculty of the greatest eminence, including Hon. W. K. Caton, Superintendent; ProfessoiK Je».si- Hent W H. Purkinwiu. L. J Irwin. Albert Utpalel, and A. W. Kchniston, and a corps or assistants. The curriculum includes a thorough courae of Instrue- tioii in the science of accounts and book-keeping; the most novel and perfect system of actual business, not only locall7X.'r 40on young men aii.-'-i; i !■■ i i.v business college gra<]- ,1.; Ill' I!' ' !■ .11 ! ■■ \\ I .'It rollegir best supplies III- r.. ■■■I'M r'lu' ,.ii">: W " •■; .iii",,ll> MHsw.-r: Tliosc of which rr..f Calon is pnsid.-nl, viz , tin- ■• Eu.-lid Avenue Business C.dlcge" of Cleveland, ''Caton's National Business College" of this city, and "Caton's College of Commerce." of Detroit Students can rely on making rapid progress, and acquiring the most thorough business education— one far superior to that afforded elsewhere, yet one ac- quired at a very moderate price. JM. pnir I. w; ■' alf Dealer in Coal. Coke. Iron. Lumber. 1 IU I Iron Exchange.— Buffalo's magnificent , I 111 I' I I'liil shipping facilities, coupled with the II [i; ji;, I 11 _->■ and enterprise of her leading business III' II 111, I' I II ,11 11 ' iiiM'ii III her the control of tlie vast coal I [I I (II, 111,', St. via tile I..akes. Among the repre- 1 I', 111,' I II ■ ,,"l»'sjile dealers in coal, coke, etc.. is Mr. .1 M Pull v.iiii"iii'' in III.- (.'oal .-ind Iron Exchange. He started in bnsim-ss h.Ti- U]...!! his own ii,-.-..lint iu 1889, and has achleTers. He. with Mr. P. W. Scribner. of Tonawanda. has perfect dock accommodations at Tonawanda. on the Niagara River, where they have developed a flourishing business in the coaling of steamers and tugs. Mr. Drill is a recognized authority in th*' coal and Iron trades, and is a respon- sible, energetic, and honorable merchant who has ever retained the confidence of lending commercial and financial circles. 106 ILLUSTRATED , ^j^ ^ THE QUEEN CITYOFTHELAKESb HWM. DOPP & SON, Manufacturers ot Soap Makers' and Butchers' Machinery, No. 468 Ellicott Street The repre- ^ sentative and leading house in Buffalo actively engaged in the manufacture of soap makers' and butchers' ma- chinery is that of Messrs. H. Wm, Dopp & Son. whose office and workshop are located at No. 462 Ellicott Street. Mr. H. Wm. Dopp, who is a thoroughly practical and able machinist, established this business in IB.'iT. In 187'8 he commenced the manufacture of soap t ers' apparatus, and eventually in 1881 added butchers' and confec- tioners' machinery. In 1888 he died, after a successful and honorable career, and the business is now managed by his son, Mr. Wm. H. Dopp, who has been brought up in the trade, and who is also a practical chem- ist. The premises occupied comprise a commodious two story brick building, 25x65 feet in dimensions, tuUy equipped with modern ma- chinery, tools, and appliances. Here ten skilled workmen are em- ployed, and the machineiy is driven by steam power. Messrs. Dopp manufacture Improved Foot Lever Soap Presses, also H. Wm. Dopp's Patent Seamless Cast Iron Steam Jacketed Kettle, Improved Render- ing and Refining Kettles. H. Wm. Dopp s Improved Power Remelting Crotcher, and Steam Jacketed Vacuum Pans for candy makers' and confectioners' uses. The H. Wm. Dopp's Improved Power Remelting Crotcher has an eight-horse power engine attached, furnishing suffi- cient power to drive a hoist or elevator, and to pump the soap to the crotcher, besides driving the machine. It can be put up at almost any place wherever it is most desirable, and dispenses with all shafting, pulleys and belting for the crotching. This ma- chine the firm offer at a price within the reach of most every soap maker, being only a httle more for an eight-horse power engine at- tached, than the remelting crotcher without the engine. The engine is well built in all its parts, has a Gardener governor, valves, etc. ; a driving pulley ten inches in diameter, supplied with a shifter so that a three and a half or four inch belt may be used to convey power at will to other machinery while crotching, or vrhde the crotcher is stopped. All that is necessary is to connect your machine to a boiler having forty pounds or more of steam, and you can not only crotch or remelt, but can in addition run your elevatoror soap pump, or do any work common to a soap factory, or run these while your crotcher is idle. This machine is guaranteed in every respei-t, and has reached perfection as a soap remelter, as well as a mixer or crotcher; and for making cold soaps it is unsurpassed. The soap remelting crotcher without engine is constructed on modern princi- ples. It is not approached by any other machine for making soap by the cold process, remelting and crotching soap scraps, melting and mixing rosin, rendering tallow, making soapine, oUvine, and for a soap mixer and crotcher in general. A fine grade of toilet soap, equal in every respect to milled soap, can be made with the remelt- ing crotchers in from five to ten hours, and at less than one fourth the cost of milled soap. These machines and appliances are un- rivalled for utility, reliability and efficiency, and have no superiors in this or any other market, while the prices quoted for them are extremely reasonable. They are general favorites with the trade wherever introduced, and the sale of them extends not only to all tie United States and Canad6^ but also to Mexico. South and Central America, the West Indies, Australia, Europe, Japan, and China. Mr. Wm. H. Dopp is highly esteemed by the community for his enterprise and integrity, and is very popular in trade circles BUFFALO SPECIALTY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, GUver Cabana, Jr., Treasurer and Manager; Belt Fasteners, Bell Dressing and Specialties, Nos. 67 and 69 Washington Street.— The Buffalo Specialty Manufacturing Company is sole manu- facturer of several articles of great merit, and absolutely essential to the public in their respeciive lines of usefulness. Mr. Oliver Cabana, Jr., the principal, stockholder and manager, is one of the most popular and progressive members of business ciicles, and about four years ago began the manufacture of his justly celebrated " Buffalo" belt fasteners, and " Electric" belt dressing. He found a ready market existing for these invaluable specialties all over the world, and on his factory being burned out in the Root i Keat- ing Building, he removed to his present premises. Here he has added several other specialties to his list, including his "Rapid" harness menders, which can now be found in nearly every store in the United States and Canada. His belt fasteners are a necessity in every factory, and with their use. old, torn, and broken belts can be patched and mended so as to again become serviceable, and the company has numerous testimonials as to the immense saving thus effected in the heavy outlays for belting. The " Rapid" harness menders embody the same principle, and enable the farmer and horse owner to instantly repair all broken harness, halters, etc. These menders should be kept ready for emergency in every buggy- box and wagon box in the land. The "Banner" harness oil is an entirely new preparation, a discovery free from all deleterious ingredients, and effectually softens and waterproofs the leather, rendering it tough and pliable, and is in fact the most wonderful leather preservative of the age. It is far superior to neat's foot oil, and the sales are rapidly extending. We strongly recommend the jobbing trade to secure sample lots of these goods, which are ready sellers, profitable and reliable. Mr. Cabana employs six traveling men, four in the United States, one in Canada, and one in England, and has established branches of his company in Hamburg, Germany, and International Bridge, Ontario, and thus covers the trade of both Canada and Europe. Mr. Cabana is a yonng and enterprising manufacturer: producing goods nowhere else duplicated, and secur- ing to Buffalo an important and flourishing industry, and has be- fore him prospects of the most favorable character. HD. FOLINSBEE, Real Estate Broker: Office, No. 1 Brown's Building, Comer Seneca and Main Streets.— The realm of ^ realty and kindred lines is a sphere ot activity engaging the attention of a number of the most substantial and re- spected citizens in this community, prominent among whom is H. D. Folinshee, whose well appointed office is conveniently located at Room No. 1 Brown's Building, comer Seneca and Main Streets. Mr. Folinsbee occupies commodious quarters here, with telephone con- nection (No. 760.1, and has an efficient clerical staff, conducting a general real estate and insurance brokerage business Mr. Folins- bee, whose is a gentleman of middle age, was born in Canada, but is an old and esteemed resident of this city, and any bank in Buffalo will attest to bis responsibiUty. He is a man of entire probity of character, as well as energy, sagacity, and thorough experience in the handling of realty and risks, and is president ot the Real Estate and Brokerage Board, to which office he was elected last year. This well known and responsible agency was established in 1878 by Messrs. J. E. Folinsbee and James O'Neill, who were succeeded in 1881 by J. E. & H. D, Folinsbee, under whose joint management it was con- ducted up to 1887, when the last named gentleman assumed sole con- trol and has since continued the business alone with tminterrupted prosperity. Mr. PoUnsbee buys, sells, and exchanges city and subur- ban property of every description, on commission, giving personal attention to the collection of rents, and the management of estates. Insurance is also effected in responsible fire companies at current rates, exceptional facilities are possessed for placing large lines. Loans are negotiated also, and investments desirably placed, while appraisements are made for intending purchasers, and tares, etc.. paid for non-residents: and all interests entrosted to this gentleman are certain to be handled in a manner to satisfy the most exacting. ILLUSTRATED ^xBuFFALOji^f. JS. MOORE, General Insurance ABUuey, Acadumy of Music Building —Reliable insurance compoDivs arc; always found to be represented by reliable men, and reliable insurance agents will not represent other than flrst-class companies. When, therefore, it is stated that for the past sixteen years Mr. J. S. Moore has been actively engaged in the insurance business in the city of Buffalo, during which perioil of time ho has acquired the esteem, respect, and confidence of the business men and the public in general, that statement is as much an encomium on Mr. Moore's enterprise and Integrity as it is an indorsement of the relLibility i>r the companies for which he is the local representative. This gentle man has been a resident of Buffalo since ISfiO, and, as ah-eody staled, established his present business in ISTI. For the post seven years his odlces have been located on Uie second Door of the Academy of Music, in the heart of the business centre of the city. These are two in number, are large, airy, cheerful, and well-lighted, handsomely furnished and fitted tliroughout, presenting to those who enter them the appearance of a leading banking institution. The apartments reserved for the use of the clerks are railed off and screened from the view of the public, while that appropriated to the use of the latter is commodious and well adapted to the transaction of the business of the house, with its very large number of patrons. A large and efficient staff of clerks, book-keepers, stenographers, and others are employed in the carrying on of one of the largest insur- ance business iu the state, which covers all western New York, and extends into I lie adjoining states. The principal companies repre- sented by Mr. .Moore are the Liberty Insurance Company of New York City, California Insurance Company of San Francisco, Ameri- can Insurance Company of Newark, N. J.; Farmers' Fir-e Insur- ance Company of Y'orU, Pa.; Girard Fire Insurance Company of Fbiladelphia, Pa.; New Y'ork Fire Insurance Company of New Y'ork City ; German Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pa. ; Pruden- tial Insurance Company of Boston. Mass.; etc. In addition to his agency business, Mr. Moore is also an ailjustcr of insurance loss, a task for which his wide knowledge of the subjects involved and his long experience eminently qualify him. His services in thiscapacity are much sought for by .ill the leading companies, not only in his own district, but also in the entirety of the state of New Y'ork and many adjoining states. His decisions are invariably characterized by a keen discernment and able judgment, and iu most cases are accepted by all concerned as those of on experienced, upright, and reliable man. Mr. Moore is a leading citizen of Buffalo, deeply in- terested in oil that affects its welfare, and is very popular with ami much esteemed by all classes. JD. JOCOY', Dealer in Groceries and Provisions, Oats and Feed, Baled Hay and Straw; Agent for National Fire In- ^ surance and Union Insurance Companies, No. '185 South Division Street, Corner Spring.— It judicious enterprise and energetic management are a guarantee of success, no liouse bos a more brilliant prospect in Buffalo than that of Mr. J. D. Jocoy, dealer in groceries and provisions, and insurance agent. It was established by Mr. Sandford Stewart in 1878, tlie present proprietor succeeding to the business in 1880. The premises occupied are situ- .ited at No. 4S5 South Division Street, on the corner of Spring Street, and consist of a twostory frame building, iixla feet in dimensions, well fitted up throughout, and handsomely furnished. A large and well assorted stock is constantly on hanil, consisting of choice fancy and staple groceries, country produce, and provisions, flour, feed, oats, baled hay and straw, etc., etc. A .specialty is made of the flnest grades of fresh crop teas, China and Japan, fragrant Mocha, Java, and Rio coffjes, and particulaily of ch-iice. fresh dairy butter and new laid eggs. Mr. Jocoy is daily in receipt of the choicest country produce, which he is enabled to place before his patrons at very moderate rates. The trade done is extensive, and delivery wagons carry goods to any part of the city free of charge. Mr. .locoy is also agent for the National Fire Insurance and the Union Insurance Companies, and h:;s made a valuable cla.ss of customers in this line. He is a native of East Aurora, .and removed to Buffalo at an early age. For two years he was employeeen an Interesting and im- portant specialty, and is surpassed by few branches of the general hardware trade. The mere enumeration of the articles which go to make up the trade would fill several columns, while the styles aufl varieties of stamped ware are constantly increasing. In referring to this useful industry we have particidar occasion to note the repre- sentative and reliable firm of Messrs. Sidney Shepard & Co., propri- etors of the Buffalo Stamping Works, and manufacturersof stamped, pieced, and japanned tinware and other sheet metal goods, whose offices and salesrooms are located at Nos. 1 15 to 149 Seneca Street. This extensive business was established in 18.!(J. The premises occu- pied for warehouse purposes comprise a spacious and substantial building, having a frontage of sixty feet on both Seneca and Car- roll Streets, by a depth of 103 feet, the structure being four stories on the former and five stories on the latter. Here they keep an im- mense stock of tinware, tinmen's supplies, and housekeeping hard- ware, which are unrivalled for quality, finish, and reliability, and have no superiors iu this or any other market. The two factories on Clinton Street are fully equipped with the latest improved toobi, ma- chinery, and appliances. Much of the machinery was specioUy de- signed, and is covered by patents held by the firm. The equipment is valued at several hundred thousand dollars, iu addition to which the house commands ample resources, and is sound and responsible in every respect. The fii-m employ in tlieir factories 500 skilled hands, and theii- trade extends not only throughout the entire United States and Canada, but also to tiie West Indies, South America, etc The firm's branch house is in Chicago, Nos. 23 and 25 Randolph Street. Here is done a very extensive business, and the sales are rapidly in- creasing, owing to the superiority and intrinsic merits of its produc- tions. The firm employ fifteen traveling salesmen in Chicago, and ten in Buffalo. The partners are all natives of Buffalo, w here they are highly esteemed in trode circles for their integrity and enterprise, justly meriting the abundant success secured in this important in- dustr}'. This responsible house is an important acquisition to Buffalo by virtue of the large number of operatives employed, and also iu the strictly honorable manner in which all its operations are conducted. HJ1ESSER.SJIITH, Dealer in Caipets, Pnrlor and Chamber Suites, General House Furnishing Goods, Stoves, Ranges. , Etc., Nos. 300 to 3-,'0 Michigan Street.- Tlie furniture trade of Buffalo, like cveiy other staple branch of commerce, comprises every class of dealer, with corresponding ratios of value and excellence. As in everything else, so in furniture, it always paj s to get the best. An establishment which stands in the front line of the furniture trade in the Queen City of the Lakes is that of Mr. 11. Messersmith, whose salesrooms are located at Nos. 306 to 320 Michi- gan Street. This business was established in 1873 by Kuhnhold Bros., who were succeeded in 1883 by the present proprietor, who purchoseil their Patent Spring Bed Works on Broadway, and eventu- ally went into the furniture business. The premises oecupied com- prise eight store rooms. The show rooms consist of three tloors. each COxl'.'O feet in dimensions, and give a floor area of I'i.OOO squan- feet. The establislirtient is equipped with elevator, electric lights, etc., and contains an immense stock of superior dining room, parlor, chamber, and kitchen furniture, carpets, oil cloths, rugs, general house furnishing goods, stoves, ranges, beds, bedding, etc. Jlr. Messeisriiiih handles only the most desirable and relioble goods, and quotes prices very difficult to be duplicated elsewhere. He promptly furnishes estimates for the entire fur-nishing of flats, houses, ete.. which can be paid for weekly or monthly on the instalment plarr Tweirty -eight persons are employed in the establishment, and ii* trade extends throughout all sections of Buffalo aiul its vicinity. The annual transactions of this house now amourrt to upwards oi' 8140,000, and its business is still steadily increasing. A specialty is made of patent spring folding beds, which Irave no superiors in the market, and are uirrivalled for comfort, durability, and excellei'ce. Jlr. Messersmith was born in Williamsville. New York, but has resided in Buffalo for the last eighteen years, where he is grvatly respected by the commiirrity for his enterprise and sterling integrity. He is an active competitor for business, and is lery iropular in trade circles ILLUSTRATED 10« #xl5UFFAL0A> HH. JAMES. Diamond Expert and High Grade Watch Special- ist, No. 6 East Eagle Street.— One ot the most attractive stores in the city of Buffalo is that of Mr. H. H. James, diamond expert and high grade watch specialist, located at No. 6 East Eagle Street, near Main. It is richly and tastefully fitted up and furnished, and nothing has been left undone to exhibit to the best advantage the splendid stock which is here carried. This house was established in 1888 by Mr. James, and from the start the superior quality ot the goods offered as well as the fine business tact and enterprise of the proprietors made it a favoi-ite with the public. The patronage it then secured has been extended, until now it is one of the largest and most influ- ential in the city. A full and complete line of the finest gold and silver watches, precious stones and jewelry of all descriptions from the most renowned houses in the world is constantly on hand, and there is nothing which is usually to be found in first-class houses of the kind that cannot here be purchased. A staff of polite and atten- tentive assistants are employed attending to the wants of customers. and no trouble or pains are spared to give complete satisfaction to all. A specialty, and one for which this house has the exclusive privilege in Buffalo, is the sale of gold watches on the Tontine co- operative payment plan, which offers to purchasers unequalled advantages, whereby a $40 watch can be secured for $10 as the low- est figure, and $:iO as the highest, in a period of time not exceeding five weeks, according to the cla.ss of members in which the cus- tomer is enrolled. No stockholder under this system pays more than spot cash value, while on the other hand through many specu- lative advantages he is apt to get a valuable watch at a price far be- low its actual cost. This system, the inventic n of Mr. E. M. Kenyon, of Chicago, is protected by 15 copyrights, and under it already over twenty clubs have been formed in this state. Mr. James is also a high grade watch specialist, and his watch and jewelry repairing department is second to none. Practical and experienced watch- makers are employed, and prompt attention is given to all work en- trusted to them, while prices charged are extremely moderate. Mr. James is a native of Phelps, Ontario Coimty, in this state, and was for many years in the employ of such well known houses as that of G. G. Castle, and of Castle & Eckert, as a watchmaker. He is skilled ill all the intricacies ot the art, and gives his personal supervision to all work done. IRISH & ENGLISH, Mammoth Furniture, Carpet, House-furnish ing and Bedding Emporium, Nos. 303, 305, and 307 Washington Street.— Buffalo has numerous representative establishments. but none that are of a more creditable or of a more useful char- acter than the Mammoth Furniture, House-furnishing, and Bedding Emporium of Messrs. Irish & English, Nos. 303, 305, and 307 Wash- ington Street, two of the most popular and progressive merchants of this city. This is an instance of the rapid growth of a business from small beginnings, because conducted on the basis of handling the best goods only, and at prices which have never been duplicated elsewhere. Mr. Charles G. Irish founded the house in 1857, and was succeeded by the present firm in 1876, composed of Mr. John P. Irish, his son, and Mr. Henry English, a native of Connecticut, resi- dent here for upwards ot twenty-five years, and universally re- spected. Mr. Irish is a native Buffalonian, and a popular, esteemed. public-spirited citizen and philanthropist. He is a trustee of the Bootblacks' Home, and a member ot the Board of Trade. He is also a member ot the Masonic order, etc , and has a very wide, in- fluential connection. The present itnmense building ot the firm was erected to meet the growing requirements of their trade, and is four stories and basement in height, and 75x100 feet in dimensions. It is most handsomely and completely equipped, and has all the modem improvements, including steam heat, one safety passenger elevator, etc. The firm are manufacturers of fine parlor and library fumi ture, and they also deal generally in full lines of all descriptions ot staple and fancy furniture, house-furnishing goods, carpets, bed- ding, etc. Quality has ever been their first consideration, and no- where in Western New York can such an immense or desirable a stock to select from be found. Goods are sold cheaper here than anywhere else, and invariably afford the utmost satisfaction. To those who desire easy terms, and to at once secure the use and ben- efit of a purchase, the firm arrange for small instalment payments. Since lfl83, when they began this system, they have developed the largest furniture trade in Buffalo. They make am.igiiifliviu (li. on time payments, and are prepared to place in- -vestmenta on good security, while loans and mortgiiees are nego- tiated. Insurance is effected in first-class Are companies, too, at lowest rates, the firm representing the Williainsburgh City Fire In- surance Company of Brooklyn, and the Firemen's Fire Insurance Company of Newark; and, altogether, a flourishing business is transacted. Mr. Sanford, who is a gentleman of middle age, was born in Columbia County. N. Y., but has resided in Buffalo since 1&40; and Mr. Gurney, who is a comparatively young man, is a na- tive of ihis city. They are both men of the highest integrity, as well as of energy and thorough experience in the domnin of realty and risks, and arc prominent members of the Fire Underwriters' \!wociation. J J. WHITE, General Commission .Merchant and Wholesale Dealer in Fruits and Produce of All Kinds. No G8 West Mar kct Street, and Nos. 179 to 181 Perry Street.— To few young men is it given to build up in the incredibly short space of nine years such a business as is transacte' 1 i- 'i- T^^.irJof Trade Build- ing on Seneca Street, where tin > .1 I i-iipied Room No. ST. From the start the house n-.-r,. .: ,, i i.tronage, which has • ever since been on the iucreasr. ;,r .1 a lii> lii- )"iili large and influen- tial. The business done is exchisivi-ly a commission one, the hand- ling of barley being made a specialty of. Consignments are solicited, and consignors can feel assured from the -well established reputa- tion this firm enjoys, locally and elsewhere, that their interests -n ill be most carefully looked after. Mr. Spann is a na-m- f itii, <-a . while Mr. Chandler -n-as born at Hanilmrg, Erit- (HI ' ■ ' came to Buffalo in 1^:3. Both are menibersof i li v, , :, , ,! ! -: change, and are popular with all tho.'ifwilh whom t'- , I. . .._ ILLUSTRATED ^%BVFFAL05I^; AB. CH^VNDALL & CO., Commission Dealers In IIorKcs nnd Mules, Combinutlon Sale SUililes ndJoiniiiK Cnuidoll House. East Buffalo —If there is one s.'ctiou of the " Queen City of the Loke.s" that shows preiiter evidences of the onwani march and Rrowlh of conimeji-lal and nmterial interests than another that section is East Buffalo, where is located the seeimd larpest stock yards in the United States, and where is heini? rapidly developed the most important and extensive horse market in the conol ry. This tact is to be attribute*! to the wideawake watchfulness, tact, shrewdness;, and business assiduity of the commission dealers iu horses who have made their names known far imd wide and gahied a reputation for business octivity and iwmmcrciol honor of which they may pardon- ably feel proud. Among such, stands out in hold prominence (he highly trustworthy firm of Messrs. A. B. Craudall & Co , whose com- bination sale stables adjoin tho Crandall House, and who annually dispose of very larvre nuiuliers of horses and mules for every purpose of use. This business was founded some ye.irs ago. and passed, in ISSO, into the hands of the present proprietors, Jlessrs. .\. D. Cronk and A. B. Crandall. two of tho best known and most highly esteemed horse traders in the northwesu-rn part of the Empire State. Their premises comprise a tw&story bam. .10x400 feet in area, and this has stalls tor ei;;hty horses. It is well equipped and drahied, thoroughly ventilated, and provided with all modern conveniences An exten- sive additional stable is now being erected, and when this is completed the firm will liave the most ample and excellent accommodation for .VX) horses or more. The Arm have also recently laid out a one-third mile of track for the accommodation of their friends. Around this track is a feucv nine feet high, and in the centre of the track the firm have decided to erect a pavilion tor the sale of horses by auction The Arm receive consignments of horses and mules from all the great agricultural si>ctions of the country, and give careful attention to the selection of their stock. In addition to tlieir extensive trade among merch,-mts, manufactiu^rs, etc., the firm supply street car railway companies, not only in Buffalo, but also in Rochester, Cleveland. Utica, etc. Liberal advances are made on consignments of horses and mules when desired. Auction sales are held every Monday. Thursday, and Saturday, and good prices are always realized for flrsf cla-ss animals. The transactions of this concern in horseflesh are immense, and still growing. Their sales amount to over $100,000 monthly, and the reputation of the members of the firm Ls an honora- ble one, and widespread. No man hereabouts is better known or more highly est I I II :di>.smen are employed, besides a half a dozen repi. . i i il.r road. An exceedingly large and fine assortment i . n ■ i i, . hi i.d on band here, including ready-made suits in every size, style, sliajie. grade, and pattern; also a number of specialties in ciotliing : and all orders for the trade are filled in the most prompt and reliable manner, the proprietors exei cising imme- diate supervision over the various departments. This flourishing business was established about fifteen years ago by M. Wile, and some time later the firm name became Wile & Struuss, who were succeeded by Wile, Block & Co., they in turn bemg succeeded on January 1st of the present year by Wile Bros. & Co. The individual members are Messrs. Mayer Wile, Isaac Wile, and Herman Wile (brothers), gentlemen in the fidl prime ot life, and natives of Baden. Germany, hut residents of this city many yeai-s. They are all men ot energy and experience, thoroughly responsible in their dealings, and sustain an excellent reputation in the trade. JOHN D. LANGNER & BRO . Wholesale Dealers in Groceries. Flour, Feed. Salt, Oil, Baled Hay. and Straw, Nos. 779 and 78! Seneca Street -The leading and l)est known wholesale grocery house in Ea.st Buffalo is that ot Messrs. .lohn D. Langner & Bro., Nos. 779 and 781 Seneca Street.— This firm are wholesale deal- ers in groceries, flour, feed, salt, oil, baled hay and straw, and though young in years they are old in pr.icticil e-vperience. and in the enjoyment of perfected facilities nnd influential connections. Here is an mteresting in.stance ot visihie growth. The business was originally estab'j-shed iu l.SOS by Mr. Jolm O. Langner, who was suc- ceeded by his sons, the present proprietors, iu 1884. The building occupied is built ot brick in the most substantial manner, tour stories high and 101x80 feet in dimensions, conveniently arranged for handling and storing the immense and varied stock, and elegant in all its fumishing> and appointments. Here is to be found a mag- nificent display ot staple and fancy groceries, the equal of the finest stock in New York, and which offers substantial inducements both as to price and qu.-.lity. As direct importers and agents for leading manufacturers, this firm carry the best brands known to the trade, and are building up their business on the solid foundation of know- ing what the trade wants, knowing where to secure tlie best and purest goods at lowest net rates, and by pursuing an honorable '■ live and let live " policy, giving their patrons a chance to make money and offering them every inducement ond the widest range of gocxls to select from Their stock is kept up to the highest standard ot excellence, and the trade Is brisk and lively in city and country, requiring the services of fifteen assistants and a number of delivery teams. The Slessrs. Langner are natives of Buffalo, and young men of the highest repute and standing, and are contributing much toward the promotion of Buffalo's commercial prosperity. ILLUSTRATED THE aVEEN gj, CITY OF THE LAKES. FBIES & CO., Brass Founders, Etc., Nos. 89, 91 and 93 Main Street.— One o£ the most noteworthy and representative houses ot the many engaged in the brass foundry industry of the city of Buffalo, is the well known and long established one of Messrs Fries & Co. From the start the quality of the worljinan- ship and the durability of the materials used attracted the attention of the trade, and before long a valuable and influential patronage was secured. The business developed with great rapidity, and in August, 1889. the constant pressure of demand tor the superior products of the house made it urgent that larger and more com- modious premises be found. Hence the removal at tliat time to the splendid quarters now occupied at Nos. 89, 91, and 93 Main Street These comprise the entirety of two floors, each having an ar-ea of 50x100 feet, and are thoroughly equipped with all the latest improve- ments in machinery and tools for the successful prosecution of their important business. Neither time, money, nor pains have been spared to make these works the finest in this section of the country, as a trip through the establishment soon testifies. A gener-al line of brass founding is here produced, every variety of brass work suitable for the pijrposes of plumbers, steam engine builders and gas and steam fitters. Only the most skilled hands are employed, about twenty in number, and all orders for work entrusted to this reliable firm are certain of receiving the personal supervision of its members, all of whom are exper-t and practical machinists of many years' experience. Their ability has often been attested to do any and all kinds of brass work, even the most intrii-ate. A large local business is done also throughout Western New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Many of the largests contracts awarded in the state for brass work in all its forms have fallen to them, such large con- cerns as the Wagner Palace Car Co. and others being regiilar pa- trons. All the members of the firm are natives of Germany, but have tieen residents of Buffalo for many years. BUFFALO HAT MFG. CO., Mark & Guggenheimer, Propri- etors, Nos. V3 to 77 Seneca Street.— The leading hatters, haberdasher-s, and shoe dealers are undoubtedly Messr-s. Mark and Girggenheimer, carr-ying on business as the Buffalo Hat Manufactm-ing Co. The house was established in 1885, and from that date to the pi-esent, has deservedly enjoyed five year-s of uninterrupted prosperity. The specialty of the concern is the man- ufacture of head-gear, and having the advantage of two factories, one located here and another at Newark, N. J., the firm are always prepared with the latest styles as soon as introduced, and ar-e enabled to sell on a closer margin than most of their competitor\s both to the trade and the general public. The retail establishment of the firm now comprises the thi-ee stores located at Nos. 73, 75 arrd 77 Seneca Street, which are completely stocked with evei-y descrip- tion of hats and caps of their own manufacture, for men's, j'ouths', and boys' wear in all the latest and most fashionable styles, with as an extensive and varied assortment of gents' furni-^hing goods, boots and shoes as can be found in the length and breadth of the Queen City. Twelve polite assistants are here employed, popular prices pr-evail, while the house is efficiently represented on the road by a corps of ti-avelling salesmen, who control a large wholesale tr-ado throughout western New York. Mr. Mark is a native of Greenville, S. C, and came to Buffalo in 1884, his partner being a New Yorker. As before stated they established a copartnery in 1885, and in the comparatively brief intervening period have placed their establishment among the leadlrrg industries of the Empire State. GUS. E. KURTZ, Importing Tailor, No. 14 E. Eagle Street.— Prominent among the members of the strictly first-class branch of the custom-tailoring trade of Buffalo ranks Mr. Gus. E. Kurtz, No. 14 East Eagle Street, opposite the Iroquois Hotel. Mr. Kurtz originally established in business on Seneca Street six years ago, and removed to his more central and desirable quarters irr 1885. Here he displays what is, without doubt, the best selection of the finest quality of foreign and domestic suitings and cloths, in all the new and fashionable patterns and textures, to be found in this section of the city, and from which the most captious and critical taste can be readilv satisfied. Some idea of the extent of his fine custom trade may be learned from the statement that he keeps in constant employmeirt a force of from twelve to fifteen .skilled jorrrnpymen, who ar-e constantly likewise under his personal supervision. Mr. Kurtz is a talented master of his profession, and is admittedly as skilfrrl arrd artistic a cutter and designer as there is in the city. Liberality and a straightforward system of honorable dealing have ever characterized his transactions. Mr. Kurtz is a native of New York City, and the success which has attended his business career in Buffalo has been fairly and justly merited, and we deem him worthy of mention, both as regards his talents as a practical mer-chant tailor, and his recommendatory qualifications as a respected private citizen. GEORGE E. NEWMAN, China, Glass, Crockery, Etc., No. 444 Main Street.— The development of the trade in china, glass, and crockery war-e, and of the most elegant fancy household goods, etc., is indicative of the increase of material wealth, refinement, and culture among the American people. A house in Buffalo whose poUcy and methods have always retained for it the confidence of the commercial world, and whose ability, enterprise, and energy place it in the front rank of the wholesale and retail trade in this line of goods, that of Mr. George E. Newman, centrally located at No. 444 Main Street, is well worthy of more than passing observation. Mr. Newman was born in Poland, Herkimer County, this state, and has been a resident ot this city since 1845. Having a full knowledge of this trade, he inaugurated this establishment at this address on his own account in ISCO, and at once developed a very large and substantial trade, both wholesale and retail, and ex- tending throughout the city and sm'rounding country. The prem- ises utilized comprise a handsome, substantial, four-story brick building, having a frontage of 20 feet, with a depth of 125 feet, and fully equipped n ith every convenience for the accommodation and advantageous display of his large and valuable assortment of goods. The stock carried embraces a bewildering variety of beautiful and briUiant wares in china and glass, Sevres, Limoges, German, and French china; lava, bisque; and Parian marble; Bohemian stained glass, cut and embossed ; also plain and pressed glass ware, statuary, fancy and ornamental waies tor use and ornament; also lamps in every variety, from the piano telescope to the smallest size, and of all patterns, together with their fittings; yellow and stone ware. Rockingham, Wedgewood and Trenton pottery, etc. He also car ries a full line of household cutlery, fancy wares of all kinds, plated goods, etc. His long experience in the business, together with bis superior connections, enable him to place before his patrons the very best lines of goods and at the very lowest prices. Mr. Newman is a popular, polite, and courteous gentleman, ot high executive ability, energetic and rehable, and is most highly respected as a merchant and public spirited citizen. CHARLES F. WARD, Architect and Superintendent, No. 36« Main Street.— On few classes of men does such responsibility rest in a rapidly developing city like Buffalo as on those whose professional skill is invoked to design the handsome struc- tures which are to ornament it. Of the many responsible men en- gaged in the active practice of the profession of an architect, none enjoys a more enviable reputation for the originality of his concep- tions and the excellence of his plans and designs than Mr. Charies F. Ward, whose offices are located in Room No. 3 at No. 366 Main Street. This gentleman was born in Massachusetts, from which he removed to this city in 1877. For twenty years he was engaged in the general business of a builder, and some two years ago he de- voted himself exclusively to his profession. His long experierrce in the building trade, of all the details of which he is conversant, ren- ders his services as superintending architect ot inestimable value to his numerous patrons. Many handsome private residences in the fashionable quarters of this city, as well as numerous buildings, in- cluding manufacturing plants and churches, on our principal thor- oughfares bear witness to the artistic taste and skilful designs of this gentleman. Among the most noted examples ot his ability in this lirre of work is the beautiful Pilgrim Congregational Church on Richmond Avenue, also a $19,000 dwelling house on Oakland Place, than which no finer architectural monuments are to be found within the wide limits of Buffalo. Mr. Ward is always prepared to furnish plans and specifications, and make estimates for all classes of work. He also undertakes the superintendence of constructions, at most reasonable rates. He is a gentleman of courteous address, whose liberality in his dealings with patrons has secured him a wide pop- ularity in Buffalo and elsewhere. ILLUSTRATED THE QUEEN CITY OF THE UAKE&, QUEEN CITY SHIRT CO., Nos. JT i.. V, iliippt-wu Strwl.-A representative and one of the most noted houses in the slot*, extensively engaged in the maniiracture of stiirts, la that known as the Queen City Shirt Company, whosry in Buffalo are located at Nos. 27 to .'IT) Cliippewa Street. The company has also branches at Eiist Buitalo, Tonawanila, Medina, Blaclc Rock, Attica, Warsaw, Perry, Erie, Middleport, and Ixx-kport, and employs inside and outside its foctories about 1,000 skillfil hands. This business was originally esial)lislieanys offl-.-e is at No. 21 Exchange Street, where tickets and all information may be had from Mr. F W Burrows, the ticket a-ent in charge. Mr E. N Blood is Ihe ticket agent at Ihe Exchange Street depot. In these officials the company has excellent repre- sentotives, who are equally popular with Buffalonians and the travelling public generally. Mr P S. Blod^ett recently appoint! li .suiK'rintoDdent of theea-stern division with headquarters nt Buffalo, is an experienced official in charge of the transportation department ILLUSTRATED THE ClUBEN CITY or TKE LAKES, NEW YORK CENTRAL AND HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD.— To speak of the New York Ceulral and Hudson River Rail- road, or of what is more familiarly called "The Central," is to name the best equipped and best managed railway system on the American continent; and, considering the important influ- ence it has in the development of the commercial, manufacturiiif^, and [naterial resources of the "Queen City of the Lakes," it is but Utting that this great railway enterprise should be accorded a promi- nent position in "Illustrated Buflfalo."' Buffalo is a city of railroads, tor within the limits of the municipality itself there are 6.3S miles of i-ailroads. It has witliin it more miles of railroads than any other city in the world, with, perhaps, Chicago excepted. At the head of all these, in point of efficiency of service, perfection and safety of travel, ele>;ant accommodations, and thorough completeness in all tliat contrioutes to make trips, whether short distances or be- tween extreme points, "The Central"' stands Al. The veriest novice needs not to be told that this leading line of railroad stretches from Buffalo to New York City, right across the Empire State, and that while from each terminal there are niunerous lines connected with it, its main artery gives off branches that intersect a large area of country, establishing here and there connections with other systems of railway which form, altogether, a vast network of iron roads all over the American continent; so that a traveller once aboard a Central train can reach in quick time and safely any desti- nation he desires, and meet with the utmost courtesy and civility on the way from the officials of the road. The New York Central Rail- road was organized in 1853 under a special law authoiizing the con- solidation of the roads then extending from Albany to Buffalo, namely: the Albany and Schenectady, the Schenectady and Troy, the Utica and Schenectady, the Jlohawk "Valley, the Syracuse and Utica, the Syracuse and Utica Direct, the Rochester and Syracuse, the Bui?alo and Rochester, the Buffalo and Lockport. and the Rochester, Lockport and Niagara Falls. The new company took possession August ), 1853. On May 1-2, 1846. the Hudson River Rail- road Company was chartered, and the line from New York to Albany was opened October 3, 1851. This company was absorbed by the Central Nov. 1, 18G9, and since then the company has built, bought, leased, or chartered the following named roads: the New York and Harlem, the Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris, the Dunkirk, Alle- gheny Valley and Pittsburg, the Syracuse Junction, the Buffalo Junction, the Geneva and Lyon.'i, the Troy Union, the West Shore, and three-fourths of the ownership of the two bridges over the Hud- son River at Albany. The cost of the road and its equipment footed up to close on $150,000,000, and millions have since been spent in im- provements, etc. The total miles of track is 3688.25, of which 374.50 are laid with iron, leaving 3313.75 miles of steel rails. The route tiom Buffalo to New York, 440 miles, is a four track line, thus securing special lines for freight and passenger traffic, and avoiding delays, interruptions, and putting collisions between freight and passenger trains beyond the range of possibihty. About twenty thousand employees are employed on this great railroad, and the salaries and wages paid aggregate more than ten and a half million dollars yearly. The Central is ahead of all other railroad companies in the magnificence, comfort, and convenience of its car service, which includes the famous Wagner palace drawing room, dining and sleeping cai-s, vestibule buffet, smoking a,nd library cars, with barber shop and bathroom. These, in short, are superb hostelries on wheels, attended by courteous and efficient help. It is behind no other line in the speed of its trains nor in its terms, and a reference to its published time tables will give all the information desired as to the arrival and dispatch of trains at all points. The Central is the only trunk line terminating in the city of New York, where it enters the only station in the city, and this the largest and most hand- some and convenient between the Atlantic and the Pacific. The route of the Central from the metropolis to the shore of Lake Erie is through some of the most charming of river, lake, hill, and valley scenery to be found on the globe, and the branch lines radiate through lovely and prosperous sections of the country. The run from Albany to New York is along the eastern shore of the most picturesque American Rhine, as the Hudson River has been long appropriately called. Between Albany and Buffalo there are tour tracks on the main line, and most of the branches have double tracks. At Buffalo the New York Central and Hudson River Rail- road unites with the Lake Shore and Miehipran Southern, the Central link in the Vanderbilt System, which runs through Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana, with branches penetrating all portionsof Central and Southern Michigan to Chicago. Illinois. At Cleveland the Lake Shore line connects with the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway, the " Big Four Route," which f oi ms the southwestern extension of the Vanderbilt System, reaching all the cities named, and, by ci nnections, every portion of the Mississippi Valley. At Dunkirk the Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley and Pittsburg Railioad. one of the Unes leased by the New York Central and Hudson River Rail- road Company, connects with the Lake Shore. Connection is also made at Buffalo with the Michigan Central Railroad, another link in the Vanderbilt System, which traverses Canada for 2S6 miles, crosses into the State of Michigan at Detroit, extends northward to the Straits of Mackinac, which unite Lakes Huron and Michigan, throws out branches to Toledo, in Ohio, and to most of the important towns in Michigan, and continues on to Chicago and Joliet, in Illinois. Buffalo is reached by two lines of the Central. From Rochester the main line runs direct to Buffalo, C9 miles distant, while a second lino runs by way of Lockport to Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge, connecting there with the Canada railroads, and thence to Buffalo. Blinor branch lines of the company are intersected between Albany and Buffalo as follows: Geneva to Lyons, connecting the Auburn and the main lines; Rochester to Charlotte, on Lake Ontario; Clanandaigua to Buffalo, via Batavia; Rochester to Canandaigua, connecting with the Northern Central Railroad of the Penn sylvania System ; Batavia to Attica; Lockport to Tonawanda; and Suspension Bridge to Lewiston, a port on Lake Ontario. The Cen- tral is the only line running three great limited trains daily between New York City and the west. With its connections it Is the most direct hne across the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and forms an important link in the great international highway around the world. For excellence of track, speed of its trains, the safety and comfort of its patrons, and variety and loveliness of its scenery, the Central is unsui-passed by any other railroad in the world, facts which reflect great credit upon the management. The Central has encircled Buffalo with a belt line that is cf immense service to the Buffalonians, and mmierous trains are run round the city daily, as a reference to the time tables of the company will show. Thestarting point and terminal of this line is the company's handsome, large, and convenient station on Exchange Street. This depot is likely to be supplanted ere long by a much larger one. Not only for passenger but for freight traffic the company have every facility tor satisfac- torily meeting the needs of the public, both in promptitude of ser- vice and reasonableness in charges. The company's interests in Buffalo are immense. In addition to its tracks, stations, engine and repair shops, warehouses, etc., it is the owner of the extensive stock yards at East Buffalo. The headquarters of the company are in New York, and Buffalo is represented on the company's board of directorate by Mr. Sherman S. Jewett of this city. The general offi- cers of the company are: Cornelius Vanderbilt, chairman of the board; Chauncey M. Depew, president; Charles C. Clarke, first vice president; Horace J. Hayden, second vice president; H.Walter Webb, Third vice president; Edwin D. Worcester, secretary; E. V. W. Ros- siter, treasurer; Nathan Guilford, general traffic manager; John M. Toucey, general manager; Theodore Voorhees, general supei-inten- dent; George H. Daniels, general passenger agent. The company's office in Buffalo is at No. 1 Exchange Street, where the company's interests are carefully and successfully looked after by Mr. Edson J. Weeks, the popular general agent in the passenger department. At the station, Mr. George H. Burrows most efficiently fills the office of superintendent, and is esteemed by his brother officials and the public. The New Y'ork Central carried over eighteen million passen* gers last year, and its passenger earnings, at a fracrion less than two cents per mile, amounted to nearly ten million dollars. This great company is justly styled by the press of two continents " America's Greatest Railroad." CHARLES KIBLER, Dealer in Fine Family Groceries, Nos. 44S and 445 Michigan Stieet, Comer Chnton.— A leading and rep- resentative house in the large family grocery trade of the city is the first-class establishment of Mr. Charles Kibler, Nos. 443 and 445 Michigan Street, comer of Clinton Street. Mr. Kibler is a native of Germany, and in 1854 came to this city, where he has ever since lieen a prominent and influential citizen. In 1865 he founded the large house that bears his name, at the corner of William and Potter Streets. So successful were his efforts, that he soon found it 1 LLU3TRATED THE CtUEEN CITY OF THE LAKES. ^iiecessarj" to n-movo to nu»r« spauiuus quarters, ami in 1882 acoonl- in^iy removed to Ibi- pn-niises he now occupies, and whicli comprise a tliio tliree-siory briolc structure, liis own properly, linviiig a dimen- sion of TOxTO feet. They are elegantly and Imndsomely furnislied througliout, no pains or expense having lieen spared to mal;e of them the most attractive store on tlie si reel. Equipped with all de- vic'S for savinj; of lime and labor, and for the pruper display of tho choice and iininense stock carried, this forms one of tlie model es- [ablishiiients of BuCTalo. Mr. Kililer keeps in sloclc all fancy and staple family grocciies, as well as all kimls of foreiBii goods that are usually to be found in first-class houses in tlic grocery trade, such as the choicest fre.-h crop teas, Ilyson, Oolong, Japan, gunpowder, Young Hyson, coffees, fragrant mocha, Java, and Rio; pure spices, whole or groimd, canned gotnls of every dfscription, pure sugars and sirups; tlie best brands of flour, crackers and biscuits; condi- ments, sauces, pickles, capons, olives, nod all the finest and most recherchA delicacies of the table; baking powders, soda, saleratus, frt'sh dairy and creamery butter, cheese, fresh eggs, etc. In addi- tion to these, a well assorted stock of wines, beers, and spirits is carried, fine old French and Rhine wines, California ond other Amer- ican brands, Martel. Hennessey, and other flrsl-class brandies; Dutch and English gins, the best Irish, Scotch, Canadian, and American whiskeys. New England and Jamaica rums, French. Swiss, and Ital- ian liqueur^s, dry sherries, and rich old ports, etc. Nine experieucetl assistants are employed, and ttiree delivery wagons are constantly «irrying goods to all parts of the city free of charge. The trade is locally very large, tlie j'early sales amounting to $30,000. Every- thing bought by this house is for cash, « hich enables it to give its customers the benefit of the large discounts that are by this means secured, and which explains the e-xtremely low prices that here prevail. Mr. Kibler is one of the wealthy citizens of Buffalo, and has always taken a prominent part in her municipal affairs. For four years, from ISSO to ISSI, he was elected supervisor of the fifth ward, and Hlled the position with dignity and to the iml)0'inded sat- isfaciion of his constituents. For eight years he occupied the rank of lieutenant in battery " .\." of the Slate National Guards, com- manded by Captain Linderinann. He is a man of intlnence and re- sponsibility in public mattei-s, and one whose odvice and judgment are much sought for. Of courteous manners, nnd of much lil)erality of heart and mind, he is esteemed and respected by all classes in the community. He is a leading member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, also of the Empire Order of Mutual Aid. and a number of Germun societies and is likewise a director and stockholder in several breweries. KREINHEDER & FLIERL. Builders and Contractors, Planing 5U11, Nos. 1336 to 1366 Genesee Street.— No city in the United States has better facilities than this for the produc- tion of all kinds of wood finish for buddings, and in this con- nection special reference is merited by the pmgressive firm of Messrs. Kreinheder & Flierl, builders and contractors, and manufac- turers of all kinds of building materials, whose planing mill is at Nos. 13.->« to i:i66 Genesee Street, at the N. Y. C. lielt line crossing. Tho premises noiv oconpied liy the firm comprise a spacious lot, 108x000 feet in area, on which is erected a commodious two story building 60x80 feet in dimensions, with .•several other buildings attached. In tlie receiving and shipping of lumber and their manufactured ma- terial the firm enjoy unusual facilities, having a switch of the N. Y. C. & H. B. Railroad running into their spacious yards. They carry here, at all tinie.s, a full assortment of hemlock of the various lengths and thicknesses suited to the demands of the traerience in tliis particular branch. Some six years ago he opened a lumber and coal yard on Seneca Street, and this soon proved too small. He. in connection with Mr. rhrisiinn Flierl, purchased ilie present spacious tract of land, mill, barn, and sli^ds. Mr. Flierl, who comraence arble Fluoiv Main Street; Geo. Urban, Jr., Pine Hill; German Insurance Build- ing, Main Street; Holy Angels' Convent, Porter Aveuue; Cataract Bank, Niagara Falls; Shea's Music Hall, of this city, and many others. The firm manufacture every variety and style of wood mantels, and also slate mantels, in imitation of rare, valuable mar- ble, and likewise splendid tile mantels in geometrical figures. They also lay tile and marble flooiing, and execute tessellated work in this direction in the highest style of the art; arrange grat«s and terra cotta fireplaces, and specially treat tiles, tile floors, and marble work. A full stock of goods is always carried that belong to their business, together with brass goods, and everything pertaining to fire- places. A special feature is made of Roman mosaic « oik. and, as expert, practical workmen only are employed, the very best satis- faction is always given. The prices that prevail are formed by moderation, and all work is fully warranted. Mr. J. M. Nason was bom in Washington. D. C, and besides being a thorough busine.« man, is a gentleman of most excellent taste and judgment. Pie- vious to engaging in business in this city he was with the firm of J. S. Conner & Co., in the city of New York. Mr. James E. Hay is a native of England, and was formerly manager and superintendent for W. Briggs. the contractor, at Manchester, in that country. He is thirty seven years old, and has been in the United States for some time. He is a gentleman of .splendid artistic abilities, and he and Mr. Nason are active,' energetic business men of character and standing, and sustain a high reputation in this community. The- premises occupied by the firm are 30x120 feet in area, and the dis- play made of splendid artistic mantels, tiling, etc., is one of the largest and most complete and perfect in its variety to be seen in Buffalo. FJ. LEDERER, Printing and Embossing, No. 673 Jefferson Street.— An enterprising and popular house devoted to the J printing, embossing, and bevel edging, and mailing tubes industry in the eastern district of the city of Buffalo is that of Mr. F. J. Lederer, at No. 67S Jefferson Street. It was establishe.l in 1879 in premises situate in the same block of buildings in which it now is. and from the start the patronage secured was of a most ex- tensive and influential character. In February, 1890, removal was made to the neat and commodious quarters now utilized for the pur- poses of the business. They comprise a fine two-story building. 28x61 feet in dimensions, are easy ot access, spacious and com- modious, and are admirably adapted for the carrying on ot the large amount of business transacted. The ofSee is situate in the front of the building, is handsomely furnished and provided with every facility for the proper display of the samples of fine work done by the house, and are elegantly fitted up in every particular. The me- chanical and art departments are located in the rear, and are fully and completely equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances, as well as the finest materials, including four modern pres.^e^. stTeotyjie. embossing and bevel edging ma- chin.-; ■■ , ■■:■' ,■ .; -! ', ihi-iiiiil ni' 111 l> |i.- in all the latest styles and dfsi- ■ J I . I ' 'il his. cuts, and general job pi'i" ! liii.i' I i mill. I'-.M'r, .ind a large cap.icity for and tliu house is prep.iied to execute orders of any description :ir the shortest notice and at very rea.sonabIe prices. The work turned out is noted for the neatness and taste displayed, and will compare with that ot any similar establishment in the city. It includes church and society printing, letter, note, bill, and statement of ac- count headings, envelope and postal card work, business, visiting, and direction cards; wedding, party, ball, and reception work, hotel and restaurant bills of fare, placards and announcement posters, hand bills, books, legal and catalogue work, in fact everything usu- .illy done in a first-class commercial house. The work is first-class in every feature of merit, in design, fineness of finish, and artistic excellence, and is executed at lowest rates. Estimates are furnished and contracts entered into for the execution of all kinds of printing. The business done is very extensive, proving the high appreciation in which the work of thi-f house is held. Mr. Lederer is thoroughly ex. Iierienced in all the intricacies of his art. He is a member of I. O O. F. , Knights ot Pythias. Uniformed Rank, Red Men, and of the Order of United Friends, and is as popular iu social as in business circles. ILLUSTRATED THE dUEEN :i CITY OF THE LAKES. GOODYEAR RUBBER CO., E. A. Roclcwood. Manager, Mnnu- fuctunrs or luid Ui-aleis in Rublwr Goods of Evciy Dcscrip- lion. No. ;!-10 Muin Street and No. I) West Seneca Street.— To tlie Into Charles Goodyear the world owes a never eudintC debt ..f gratitude as llio discoverer and inventor of the processes iind nielhoda by which crude rubber can bo worked up into the thousand and one articles of use and ornament that are absolutely indispi-nsuble. The famous nnd mammoth Goodyear Rubber Com- pany is the only legitimate succe.ssor as sole manufacturer of goods which have a right to bear this honored name as a trade mark, and hero in Buffalo, the sole representative of the company is Colonel E. A. Rockwond. His trade is by fur the largest in this line, both at wholesale and retail, in western New Tork, while he is one of Buf- falo's most enterprising and public spirited citizens. After a valu- able mei-canliie experience, he settled in Buffalo in 1870, and as senior partner of the firm of Roekwoo4.48, and its surplus to $3,426,191.80. The bank first began business on the coiner of North Division and Main Streets, and in 1857 removed to corner Erie and Main Sti-eets, and in 1865 to Its present location. The first president was Wm. A. Bird, who was succeeded by James C. Harrison, G. T. Williams, and by David R. Morse, the present president, September, 1889. The bank is ably officered, and its trustees include somo of the most prudent, honorable, and success- ful men in the business community, viz.: David R. Morse, president; Pliilo D. Beard, firet vice president; Oliver J. Eggert, second vice president; Robert S. Donaldson, secretary and treasurer; E. C. Sprague, attorney. Trustees. G. T. Williams, David R. Morse, F. Augustus Georger, Alexander Brush, Henry M. Kent, Alfred P. Wright, Charles Greiner, George W. Townsend, James H. Lee. Henry M. Watson, Oliver J. Eggert, Philo D. Beard, Frederick H. James, James Sweeney, and Robert S. Donaldson. Mr. Morse, the president, was born in South Westerlo, Albany County, N. Y., October 14, 1819. He was brought up on a farm, and eventually went to the metropolis and for five years was there a clerk in a dry goods house. In 184-3 he came to Buffalo, and became a partner in the dry goods house of Morse & Mulligan. Granite Block. In 1850 he resigned and embarked in the ship chandlery business, in which he has secured a considerable fortune. He has also added largely to his wealth by judicious investments. In 1879 he became a director of this bank. On May 7, 1884, he was elected vice president, and lat- terly president. During the years 1878 and 1879 Mr. Morse repre- sented the Tenth Word in the Common Council, but since then has steadfastly declined all poliiirnl honors. Mr. Donaldson, the secre- tary and treasurer, is a native of Buffalo, was elected secretary November, 18S6. and has been twenty-two years in the bonk. He is an able and energetic officer, eminently qualified for the important ti-usts reposed in him. The bank is erecting one of the handsomest and most costly buildings in Bulfolo on the site of what was the oldest church (First Congregational), a veritable old landmark, adjoining St. Paul's Episcopal Cathedral on Mam and Niagara Streets. The site is im>urpassed, ond the space around will show off the fine proportions of the new building. The building is to be com- pleted in the spring of 1893. Mr. G B. Post, of New York, being Ihe architect. It will be len stories high and of stone. The roof will be of copper, and Ihe firsl^story above the basement, for the use of the bank, will be very high. Tlio building will contain n large nunilcr 4; 1889, 118,273,430. In ISe.'), the New York Centra] yards were first opened to the public. The first hogs were yarded in December, and the first cattle in January 1R(J4. Mr. Jjeonard Crocker, grand- father of the present superintendant, was manager of the sheep and cattle department, and Messrs. Metcalf and Cushing in charge of the hog department. Leonard Crocker was unfortunately drowned In 1870, and was succeeded by his son. Mr. Lemuel H. Crocker, who on his decease in 1885. was in turn succeeded by his eon. Mr. L. B4 Crocker, who is the present able and efficient superintendent of this gigantic enterprise. THE CARY SAFE COMPANY (Limited), cor. Scott and Chicago Streets.— The increase in the number and wealth of industrial establishments, and the rapid growth and sudden development of the banking business, which is a natural and necessary re- sult, as well as the increasing and reiterated attempts of the burglari- ously disposed to enrich themselves without toil at the expense of the industrious, and the increased risks of the loss of valuables, books, and documents, owing to the augmented danger from fire, have combined to place the manufacture of fire and burglar proof safes and vaults among the leading scientific industries of the age. The time is long past when the perfection of safe making was con- sidered to have been attained by the production of a strong Iron chest, of which the sole merit was that it was too weighty and cum- bersome to be bodily carried away, and that only one particular key would allow its heavy iron door to be thrown back upon its hinges. Whatever its advantages may have been as to protection against Are, it offered but little resistance to the slcilled cracksman, whose skill and activity have usually kept abreast of tbe march of improve- ments. Science and industrial skill have, however gained the lead, and of the many devices designed to protect property against thiev- ish hands, none occup.v a higher eminence than the widely known fire and "burt^lar proof vaults and safes manufactured In this city by The Cary Safe Company (Limited). This business was first estab- lished by Messrs. H. D. & S. L. Cary, who for several years con- ducted a large jobbing and retail business in this line of trade. In 1880 1 !ie present company was formed, the members of the old firm continuing with the new company, and a manufacturing business in this lino of goods was embarked in. The premises now occupied by the works of this enterprising concern are located at the comer of Scott and Chicago streets and cover over an acre and one-half of ground and comprise an entire three story building, having a front- age of 100 feet by a depth of 350 feet, besides several smaller build- ings. They are fitted up with all the latest improved machinery, requisite for the manufacture of their products, and a large body of skilled workmen are kept in steady employment under the direction of the superintendent, who has had over twenty years' experience In this line. In addition to the large trade that they are now having in the ordinary fire and burglar proof work, bank vaults, etc. (and they are now making shipments into nearly every state and territory in the Union) they have latel.v placed on the market a new patent screw door burglar proof safe. Intended entirely for bank use, which is formed by cutting a heavy thread absolutely Into the body of the door, making it round and by a system of gear wheels, etc., screwing It in absolutely air and water tight. This particular product, we are informed, meets with great favor and success, and after an inspec- tion by anyone of this wonderful safe does not leave a possibility of a doubt as to Its being the most absolute burglar proof and finest constructed safe in existence. VOLNEYP. EINNE, Men's Outfitter and Manufacturer of Fine Custom Shirts, No. 307 Main Street.— Buffalo's fashionable outfitter is Mr. Volney P. Kinne, whose attractive establish- ment i'i centrally located at No 307 Main Street The busi- ness was estabhshed in 1886 by Messrs Kendall and Kinne, succeeded in 1889, by Mr. Einne alone He brmgs to bear bpecial quahfica- tions He manifests correct t.iste s.iiiiul uiilL'nient and original ideas, while he bao itill 1 Oiere and always -^b» furnishiui ^ .,.j> .1, l,.u, .1.. ..[ >%t",it , 1, is, u i..ii» U ith character- istic enterpiise he has leceutly opened a custom shut factory, that ranks second to none in this country. Although many signs " shuts to or Jer " are seen displayed by dealere everywhere, few of such deal- ers actually have their shirts made by their own employees, but send their orders to some shirt factory to be filled. Mr. Kinne however, has all his shirts made on his own premises and employs the very best help to be had In the country, paying unusually large prices to secure ibem from other cities. All materials used are of his ovm special selection and well adapted to the finest grade of custom work. All his shirts are cut from an entirely new principle, and an absolute guarantee as to quahty and perfect fit goes with every gar- ment that leaves this model establishment. Fine shirts, dress shirts, negligee shirts, night robes, Pajama suits, underwear, collars and cuffs are among the principal articles made to special measure. He suppUes the members of leading social and business circles with shirts, UDdenvear, hosiery, gloves, tennis suits, bathing suits, smok- ing jackets, etc. His characteristic enterprise Is shown in his pub- lication of Men's Weay^ a monthly bulletin of men's fashions, which Is beautifully illustrated, and is bright, crisp, and instructive. He is a direct importer of all foreign goods in these lines, and handles only the best grades of everything. His annual catalogue fully describes the principal articles kept in stock and made to order. ILLUSTRATED UFFALOjC. THE Ctl/EEN CITY or THE LAKES. GW. SMITH LUMBKR COMPANY, Ni). IS-,' Clinton Street. - rromineut in niuk ia thv principal indutttrIeK of the "Queen , City of tlie I^jikes" is Iho whoK(>.\le handling of lumlKT, iind rankiUK forcmot among tbe chief conci'rns tliat are not only now actively identified with this linjKirUmt commercial in- terest, but which have for more than a lifetime shared largely in the eirorts of developing Ibis branch of commerce to its preBent ex- teatUvo proportions, is that of the G. W. Smith Lumber Company. This is a line of enterprise that is specially jiortinent to Buffalo hy n>ason of her far reaching lines of transiwrtation by both rail and water, and is one that has done as much as any other branch of trade in fostering and promoting the city's growth and mati^rial well being. In the steady, iijiward growth of Buffalo's lumber in- dustry for the past forty years the concern of W. Sn\ith & Sons has been ever prominently in the forefront, and has always com- manded the lion's shtire of the trade by reason of its facilities for promptly and satisfactorily meeting the demands of its customers at terms beyond the range of legitimate competition, as well as that of its upright, straightforward business methods. The history of this old established and highly reputable concern is an interesting one, and therefore all the more worthy of representation in this illustrated work on Buffalo's industries and progress The enter- prise was 6tarten Stjeets.— No better illustration of the enter- prise and energy ot Buffalo brewers can be found than in the fact tliat brewers from otlier cities are unable to successfully compete with them, and that Buffalo lager beer is to-day not only in great demand in the city, but is shipped in large quantities to other sections of the country. One of the largest of the institutions engaged in tliLs line is that of Geihard Lang's Park Brewery (a view of which will be found on the opposite page), located in the eastern section of the city, and occupying the entire block bounded by Jefferson, Best, Berlin, and Dodge Streets. This brewery was established in 1845 by Mr. Philip Born, who was subsequently suc- ceeded by Mr. Jacob Weppner. the latter conducting the business up to 1863, when the present proprietor succeeded to the control. Under Mr. Lang's energetic management the business has been de- veloped to its present immense magnitude. The malt houses and brewery buildings are of the most improved description, and the equipment is thorough and complete. There are a number of supe- rior ice machines of large capacity, the machinery is ot the most modern character, and the facilities for a perfect production could not be better. Upwards of a hundred hands are afforded employ- ment in the various departments, and the annual output amounis to 150,000 barrels of lager beer. This lager is of the best quantity, being made from selected Canada barley, and it is unsurpassed for purity, strength, wholesomeness, flavor, and general excellence. All the malting is done on the premises, some quarter million bushels of malt being turned out annually. The trade which is very heavy in the city, also extends to all the eastern states and south to Virginia. The brewery has branch depots in Boston, Baltimore, and Washing- ton, and sends shipments to Philadelphia and New York in refriger- ator cars. Mr. Lang who is German by birth, came to this coun- try when a lad of fourteen years. This was in 18J8. He has become thoroughly identilied with the business giowth and social welfare of Buffalo, and sustains the esteem of all his fellow citizens. In partnership with him is his son-in-law; Mr. Edwin G. S. Miller, who assumes charge of the work done in the brewery and malt houses. He isa native Bnffalonian, popularly known in the conimimity, and is a business man of sound abiliry and thorough experience. i»^OATSWORTH & EDDY. Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters, and I Dealers in Plumbers' and Gas Fitters' Supplies, Hot Air Fur- \j naces. Etc., No. 39 Court Street.— A progressive and reliable house in Buffalo, actively engaged in the sale of plumbing supplies. chandeUers, etc , is that of Messrs. Coatsworth & Eddy, whose office and salesrooms are located at No 39 Court Street. This business was estabUshed in 1R89 by Messrs. C. J. Coatsworth and R. T. Eddy, who have since built up a liberal and permanent patron- age in all sections of Buffalo, and its vicinity. Ti ey occupy a spa- cious store and basement 30x80 feet in area, where tbey keep con- stantly on hand a superior stock of plumbers', gas and steam fitters' supplies, chandeliers, etc.; also Floral City hot air furnaces, combi- nation hot water and air. Thsir store is headquarters for natural gas fitting in every branch and they make a specialty of its various devices, being sole agents for the Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light tor natural gas; also the Siemens, Lunarew and Gorden Lamp, the only successful competitor to the electric light gas lamp, hand- some in appearance, resembling electric light without the disagree- able noise and flicker; infinitely appropriate for illuminating offices, stores, factories, mills, show windows, libraries, billiard rooms, and especially adapted for u.se in stable, cellar, etc.. where an enclosed light is desired. This is a system of burning both natural and illu- minating gas, whereby its illuminating power is increased from 300 to 400 per cent, without trouble or much expense or annoyance, and the perfect combustion obtained is productive of a beautiful, agree- able, and diffusive li-;ht. These lights can be fitted to ordinary sup- ply pipes and fixtures without alteration. Natural gas burners of every description are kept in stock and houses are piped for natural gas on lowest estimates The firm handle only the best goods, and offer advantages in prices, very difficult to be dupUoated elsewhere. They also attend carefully to plumbing, gas and steam fitting, and guarantee complete satisfaction to patrons. Their two story brick factory is on West Genesee Street, opposite the Buffalo Gas Works. The firm are assisted in the management of their business by Mr, A. Hopkins, the superintendent ot the furnace department, and by Mr. .Tno B. Rothfiis, superintendent of the sanitary department. Mr. Hopkins was for six years with the Carton Furnace Company of Utica, N. Y.; while Mr. Rothfus was for twenty-two years with Mr. J. D. Smith, the best informed man in his line in the city. The firm undertake the entire plumbing of new buildings, and employ only first class workmen and use the best materials. Both Messrs Ccats. worth & Eddy are natives of Buffalo, where they are highly esteemed by the community for their skill, promptness, and mtegrity. LIPPITT & ELMSLIE, Life Sized Crayon Portraits, Prints, Frames, and Artists' Goods, Nos. 37 and 39 Court Street.— While reviewing the trades of Buffalo we would not be doing justice to our readers to omit a consideration ot the arts. In this, no firm perhaps, is attracting so much deserved attention as that of Lippitt & Elmslie, whose spacious premises occupy the fifth, sixth and seventh floors of the Tucker Block, Nos 37 and 39 Court Street. The business of this firm is devoted to the making of finished life sized crayon portraits, prints, frames, in fact everything re- quired by the wholesale trade for artists, cop.ying houses and agents. The business was established by Lippitt & Elmslie in 1886, and under their ingenious management the cost of work has been reduced until they now give it to the trade at about seventy per cent of the ordinary prices. This accounts for the wonderfully rapid growth of their trade, which has increased so rapidly that they have been taxed to the utmost to increase their facilities so as to flU theu- orders. A fact which can be appreciated when one realizes ihat the firm Ls now making annually, upwards of 18,000 portraits and keep employed about 30O artists. The ingenious processes and systems by which this firm carries on its work would be extremely mteresting to our readers, but would occupy too much space to be here described. They turn out an elegant line of work and it is a matter of great benefit to the art dealers, as well as theu- patrons, that, the busi- ness of crayon portraits, prints, etc , has been so revolutionized by Lippitt & Ehnslie that first class work can be fm-nished at their greatly reduced prices; and the firm has acquired a reputation and patronage never before achieved by any firm in this line of business. The extension of their trade has led to the establishment ot branch houses in a number of cities. Mr. ElmsHe, the managing partner, is an Englishman by birth, and has gained the respect and admira- tion of the business commimity by the honesty of his dealings and the ability displayed in building up and carrying on their enterprising business. Mr Lippitt was born in Pennsylvania, and is a practical artist of marked ability, skilled in all the departments and aU the artistic work being under his supervision and inspection explains the fine quality of aU the work sent out. These gentlemen seem naturally suited to co-operate in partnership in the carrying on of such a business and are naturally popular with those using their work, for American people feel very kindly toward a firm who is able to save them fifty to sixty per cent on cost of goods. THOMAS & WALKER, Real Estate; Rooms. Nos. 11 and 13 Hay- en Building.— There are but few firms in th" city engaged in the real estate business who enjoy the confidence and esteem of all with whom they have dealings to a greater extent ihan Messrs. Thomas and Walker. They are yoimg men in the prime of life who have given the business especial attention since 1876. and have been prominently connected with many large and important operations. While tbey pay particular attention to the pmcliase and sale of city property, and all matters pertaining to the real estate business, they make a special feature of buying for capitalists, acreage or "acre prnpeity" which is syndicated or divided itito builditig lots and sold on easy methods of payment. During the present year tbey have handled bnililing sites and acre property valued at over $1,000,000. Tbey are active, enterprising, business men ot unquestioned reputation, and are endorsed and recommend- ed bv capitalists and citizens generally. Mr. Thomas is the prcprie- tor and founder ot thoMi-ll l^-i " t: TlH.mas's Drug Store" of No. lG9.'\llenStreet,whlchlKisi . n. i ' I ' .>1 since 18:2, and endorsed bythemedicalprofession.il 1 ■ :: ■ i .illy, as one of the oldest and most reliable pharm;io .^ in ; i . i ■ 3Ir. Fred B. Walker is a young man who is builrling up a splendid reputation, especinlly as a salesman. The amovmt of property that be has sold during the past few years is phenomenal. He caref ullv looks a fter the interests of his clients and is correct, upright, and fair in all his dealings. Their ofBces which are very neatly and tastefully fitted up, are in rooms Nos. 1 1 and 12 Haven Building comer Main and Seneca Streets. •ILLUSTRATED THE CITY OF THE LAKES. ji^ ^ J.'^^^SH??".. 121 ILLUSTRATED 123 ^^B^FFALOM. THE av/£EN 5ITY OF THE LAKES. THE HAWKS BOOK STORE, Riley & Jones, Proprietors, No. 31 East Seneca Street, Opposite the Postofflce.— The oUl- establislied " Hawks Book Store," is without exception the best known headquarters tor books and stationery and office supplies in the city. It was founded in 1841 by Mr. T. I. Hawks, whose name it bears, and by whom it was conducted in a most suc- cessful manner for a period of upwards of halt a century. He com- menced operations in Seneca Street, between Main and Washington, and thirty years aso removed to the premises now occupied at No. 31 on that thoroughfare, opposite the postofflce, and continued the busmess until November, 1888, when he was succeeded by the pres- ent proprietors, Messrs. Philip M. Riley and Paul A. Jones, who are practical, experienced young men. They are conducting the busi- ness in the same honorable, upright manner, and upon the same liberal principles that made the establishment so popular in the days of its founder. The copartners have made many improvements in the store, and very materially increased the stock. Besides their splendid retail business, they have cultivated a flourishing wholesale trade. The premises comprising two floors, each 30x80 feet, are practicaUy arranged, and a laige and varied stock is carried, em- bracing bonks of all kinds, including scientific, historical, theological, and mathematical works, law books, poetry, and the standard novels and light literature, illustrated works, school and college text-books, bibles, hymnals, prayer books, albums, juvenile books, and booklets and maps, globes, and plain and fancy, and counting-house sta- tionery of every description; also blank books, memorandum books, magazines, periodicals, and the London and Paris newspapers, which are received regularly and delivered to patrons at reasonable prices. A special feature is made of picture cards, photos, fancy articles, and H. M. Smith's gold pens and holders. Base ball and tennis goods is another feature, the assortment of this class of goods being one of the laigest and best to be found in the city. Messrs. Riley and Jones are prominently known in commercial circles, and are held in the most favorable repute, because of their enterprise and their upright, honorable, business methods. ALBERT J. WOLF, Dealer in Coal, Wood, Best Grades of Flour. Feed, Hay, Grain, Oats, Com, Etc., No. 200 Rhode Island Street, Corner of West Avenue. -A popular and reUable business house on the West Side of the city, and one rapidly acquiring a very enviable reputation tor handhng only the very best commodities and for Uberal, square dealings, is that of Mr. Albert J. Wolf, whose offlce and yard are located at No. 200 Rhode Island Street, comer of West Avenue. Mr. Wolf, who is sole proprietor, was bom in Marshall, Michigan, in 18C3, and is by trade a printer. He estabUshed his present business in 1889, and has developed a very large and in- fluential trade. The premises are of ample dimensions and com- prise a finely appointed offlce with yard, 80x150 feet in dimensions, on which are provided ample shed room and suitable buildings for the stor£«e of the various commodities dealt in, while every faclity is possessed for the prompt transaction ot business. The stock car- ried is always full and complete and embraces the best quaUties of anthracite and bituminous coals, received direct from the most cele- brated mines; fire and kindling wood in all sizes; Urban's, Thorn- ton & Chester's. Banner MilUng Company's, and other equaUy fa- mous brands of new roller process, spring and winter wheat family flour; rye, Graham, and buckwheat flom-; oatmeal, yellow and white' bolted and unbolted cornmeal, chopped and cracked com and oats; baled timothy, clover, red-top, blue-grass, and other varieties of dean and bright hay; oat, wheat, and rye straw; heavy and clean oats, shelled and unshelled corn; bran, middhngs, shorts, ship stuffs, screenings, meal cakes, in tact all kinds ot animal provender. The famUy coal handled by this house, and of which a specialty is made, is thoroughly screened and cleaned before delivery. The stock of wood embraces aU kinds ot hickory, oak, maple, beech, birch, also yellow pine and hemlock. The lowest prices prevail, and a specialty is made of prompt dehvery. Mr. Wolf is a pleasant, courteous, and energetic young man, prompt and reliable, and justly merits the success achieved. CJ. BUCHHEIT, Real Estate and Insurance, Rhode Island Street, near Richmond Avenue.— The real-estate interests of the Queen City of the Lakes have attained withm recent * years such magnitude tliat they certainly represent the most important factor of Buffalo's financial strength, and have en- listeA in their service the highest order of talent, energy, .nnd pnfor prise to be found among its citizens. A popular and representaUvo house engaged in this business and its kindred branches, and enjoy- ing a deservedly high reputation for reUability and honorable busi- ness methods, is that of Mr. Charies J. Buchheit, whose offlce is located on Rhode Island Street, near Richmond Avenue. Mr. Buch- heit was born in this city in 1860, and is a mechanical draughtsman by profession ; and havmg an intimate knowledge ot the city and its surroundings, he inaugurated this enterprise, which under his judi- cious management has grown to its present magnitude and impor- tance. The patrons of the house include many ot our most promi- nent investors and property owners. Mr. Buchheit's offlce is of am- ple dunensions, is neatly appomted and provided with every faciUty for the transaction of busmess, and is open in the evenings. He transacts a general real-estate business, buying, selling, exchanging and lettmg ot real estate ot all kinds, and has upon bis books, at all tunes, full descriptions of the choicest residential and business prop- erties, vacant lots, etc., for sale, is constantly .securing fresh and de- sirable bargains tor investors, and makes West Side residences and building lots a specialty. He takes full charge and management ot estates, securing responsible tenants, collecting rents, paying taxes, and effecting necessary repairs and improvements judiciously and economically. Loans are also promptly and satisfactorily negotiated on bonds and mortgages. Mr. Buchheit is the agent ot the Home Fire Insurance Company of New York, and several other equaUy safe companies, and is prepared to place risks and issue policies for any amount compatible with safety upon all kinds ot property on the most moderate terms. He is a popular and agreeable gentleman, prompt, energetic, and honorable in his deaUngs, and along with his other duties he is treasurer of the Richmond Avenue Dime Savings Association and vice president of the Buffalo Building and Investment Company, and enjoys the full confidence of the entire community. |HE BARBER ASPHALT PAVING COMPANY, Chapin Block; A. L. Barber, Esq., President; F. V. Green, Vice- President; rpi I President; D. O. Wickham, Treasurer, and J. C. Rock. Secretary.— The Barber Asphalt Paving Company Ls the larg- est concern of its kind in the world, and leads all others in the supe- riority of its pavements, produced by improved processes, which secure durability, elegance, economy, and a perfect surface. The company was organized in 1883 by Mr. A. L. Barber, the president, a prominent capitalist of New York City, where the mam offlces of the company are. It has developed interests ot enormous magni- tude, and has chosen Buffalo as the location of its immense works and yards by reason of the superior facilities existing here. The main works are on the line ot the Erie Canal, on Fourth, Maryland, and Virginia 'streets, and are equipped with all the appliances tor preparing asphalt for use in its various forais. The yard is on Walden Avenue, between Roetzer Street and the Belt line. 120x600 feet in size, while there is Rn>dditional yard on the Erie Canal and forty-five acres ot land on Delevan and Fillmore Streets, affording room for the extension of the manufacturing and storage facilities. The company has demonstrated that its asphalt is all that is claimed tor it. Their work is now laid in every section of the United States, and everywhere gives entire satisfaction. They are now laying their pavements in the principal streets of Lockport, N. Y. The company has done seventy-five miles ot street paving for Buffalo Mr. H. J. Warren, the superintendent, li.-is had a vast experience in this line, and enforces a thorough system ot organisation, while he has the finest plant in the worid. in full working order. Estimates and specifications are furnished and contracts entered into. Mr. H. J. Warren is a Boston ian by birth, resident here since 1881, and deservedly popular and respected. Mr. W. J. Warren is the cashier of the Buffalo establishment, while Messrs. J. C. Rock, and D. O. Wickham, are secretary and treasurer respectively, with headquar- ters in New York. The company is now doing a business of enor- mous magnitude, employing from 1000 to 1500 hands, and N putting down the finest and most durable pavements in the world, infinitely superior to Belgian block, macadam, wood or anything else. Maps showing the streets paved in Buffalo by the Barber Asphalt Com pany can be procured from Messrs. Matthews, Northrop & Co., or at the offlce of the company in the Chapin Block Capt. F. V. Green is a practical man, a graduate ot West Point, and was formerly of the Engineers Corps. U. S. A., and had charge of the Public Works in the District ot Columbia, a position which he re- s!;rned to bi-eome vice-president of this company. LLl/STRATED ^^8yFFAL0A Sl^ UIIAVES & CO., Itvulers in i'apcr 11ui>k1i>k^, Ituuiii MoulU- in^rs. Window Shades. Wood Floors, and (Juueral Interior , Iifcoraiions, No. 174 Pi-nrl Street. —AlihoiiKli but a com- puralivety short time established, S. L. (.iraves & Co., lii'^ilt-rs in paper baiigiD^, room iiiouUlinf^, etc.. and peneral in- terior decorators, No. 174 I'earl Street, have already secured « hold on popular favor vouchsafed to few, if indeed any, in their line in liuffalo. They are unquestionably one of the lending and most responsible firms engaged in the branches of business above indi- cated in this city, and have a very large and intiueniiiil paironafre, their trade extending throughout the entire county. The assort- ment of goods displayed in the establishment is of a most superior character, being at once rich, elegant and excellent, and eveiy article sold here is warranU'd as repi-esenie*!, while all work executed is guaRiuteed flrst-class. The prices quoted, too, are excei>tionally low, i|uality of goods and character of workmanship consideivd, and perfect satisfaction is assured in every instance. This enter- prising and prosperous flrni was esUiblished on February 34 of the present year, and bounded at once into prominence. The store, which is 35x80 feet, with commodious Imscment in conuectii.n, is elegantly flttetl up and well ordered in every department, and several courteous assistants are in altendano*', while ten to a dozen expert workmen are employed likewise. The stock, which is exten- sive and attractive, includes superb productions in wall papers auvl borders in plain and artistic designs and exquisite pattern.-*, both of foreign and American manufacture; beautiful room mouldings, dados, friezes, window shades, and kindred decorations; also wood tloors, art novelties, and a full line of Xorlhrop's jintent panelled metal ceilings, for which ihe firm are agents. Kstiniates are fur- nished on all classes of interior ilecorating, and all orders are at- tended to in the most expeditions and trustworthy manner, tlie proprietors exercising close pei-senal supervision over every detail. Messrs. S. L. Graves and F. T. C'oppins, the members of the firm. are gentlemen in the full prime of life, and natives respectively of Massachusetts and Canada, but residents of this city each a long lime, the junior partner coming to Buffalo in his youth. Both are men of practical skill and many years' experience in the exercise of their art, as well os of push and energy, and have won success by deserving it. QUEEN CITY WIRE WORKS, No. 189 Seneca Street.- This busi- ness was established in 18*1, under the name of the Niagara Iron Works, by which it was known until 1889, when the present firm name was substituted. A large and widespread trade throughout the city and the whole of western New York has been Imilt up, and there is a steadily growing demand for the pio- ductions of the house. The works and warerooms are extensive and of a superior cliaracter, and occupy tlie entire tliree-story brick building on Seneca Street numbered 189, the dimensions of each floor being S.'ixSJ feet. The premises are fully equipped with the l.ite-Jt improved machinery and appliances, and constant emjjloy- ment is given to a large staff of skilled workmen, the partners them- .selves giving close personal supervision over every department cf tlie industry. The firm claims, anl apparently are justified in so doing, to have the best equipped wire works in the country. They manufacture all grades of ir.m, copper, and bra.s3 wire cloth; coal, sand, and ash screens; fire proof wire lathing; meat safes; foundr>' ri lilies; oat, coal, and ash sieves; casting brushes; steak, oyster, and vesetable broilers, both light and heavy hotel broilers; spark-guards of coppered wire, and fire fenders; galvanized wire conductor strain- ers; ornamental wire fencing; crimped wire window guartls. with either a finished orscroll top: wire settees and chairs; beautiful wire Itowerand flower pot stands; wrought-iron hay racks and stall parti- tions, which experience has proved to he much better and eventually cheaper than cast iron ones, the danger of breakage being com- pletely obviated. The manufacture of desk and counter railing for banks and ofilces is a specialty to which close attention is paid, and this firm has fitted up many of the largest banking offices in the state with their work, the ornamental appearance and durability of material in everj' case giving entire satisfaction. Elevator enclos- ures are another special feature of this firm's make. The iirices arc re- markably moderate, and. considering excellence and improvements. this house lends in its line, the business during the first year under the new name amounting toxiv(»r $35,000. Both partners are natives of Buffalo, where they have always resided and are highly esteeuied BUFFAI.f> PUi iDUCE EXClIANnE. No. 88 West Market Street. —The priHluce trade of the city of liuffalo has develoix-d Into one of its m(»Kt valuable and potent factors in the promotion of the thrift, growth, and wealth of the community. The city possesses unrivalled termiinil facilities for receiving and for- warding the products of foreign countries as well as those of home pioduction, having a canal system and also a conveniently ceulrul system of railroads. A visit to the wliohrsale province market of Buffalo in the early hours of the morning will amply demonslrala the value and importance as well as the magnitude of the produce trade in this city. The business is almost entirely concentrated in the two blocks bounded by West Market, Scott, Slichigon, anti Ful- ton streets. Yet in this comparatively small S[)ace more than a half million of dollars is invested, while the yearly transactions tool up many millions. Wht^n it is considered that nearly all the fruits, veget- ables, butter, eggs, and other produce and farm products n<*eded ft»r a cily of a quarter of a million population are supplied from this nuirket. a faint idea of the volume of tiade transacted may be ha*l. In addition to this, many carloads of produce are shipped daily to variouseitiesof IheUnion, and many express wagons are daily loaded for points in W'estern New York, Pennsylvania, and theprov;nco of Ontar'o.Canada. I'roducts from all parts of the woild find their way to this market, atid the daily receipts etnbraee consignments from hundreds of ship|>ers, including impoilers, manufacturers, buyers, and growers in til 1 .sect ions. The Buffalo Produce Exchange has done much to promote the produce trade of the city and to improve the methods of conducting business in this line. It was organized in 1887, the chief promoter being Mr. Leitoy S. Oatman, of the firm of Lollo.v S. Oatman & Co., produceand commission merchants, of No. 88 'Wost Market Street. Mr. Oatman was chosen the first inesident of tlie Exchange, and was re-elected in 1S88 and 1889, thus Rerving as the presiding officer for the first three j"ears of the organization's history. Mr. George A. "Williams is its president for the current year. Tlirough the Exchange uniform rates of commissions and charges have been established and tlie various details of business systematized, so as to protect the interests of both the consignor and the consignee. At the hearing liefore the railway commis- sioners who were in Buffalo to investigate complaints and alleged discriminations against this city. Mr. Oatman was enabled, with the aid of his efficient trai;spoitatioii commiit-e, of which Mr. A. D. Gail was chairman, to present proofs of such flagrant discrimina- tions which the railroads did not attempt to explain, that the com- missioners, in their report, stated that a case had been clearly estab- lished in his favor. As a result of this, rates were reducery building, 40x105 feet in dimensions, equipj^ed with all the latest ma- chinery driven by adequate steam power and otherwise pr-ovi-led with every accessory which might tend towards the advantageous- prosecution of the business in hand. Thus far the t- flforti* of ihe company have been rei>tricted to the manufacture of the well known and justly celebrated " Gem Tiicycle " and boys' " Safety Bicycles." but theyare now manufacturing bicycles for ladies and geatlemen. These bicycles are equipped with the latest improved ball bearing devices in every wearing part, and are adjusted with the nicest me- chanical skill, so as to reduce the friction to the smallest possible minimum. Only the best of weldless steel tubing and steel forcings are used, thus insuring a first class article in every respect. The Buffalo Tricycle Co. have recently issued an elaborate illustrated and descriptive catalogue of their manufactures and the bicycle sup- plies they carry in stock, which will be mailed free on apphcation. PR. CUNNINGHAM. Real Estate, Loans and Insurance, Cor- ner Eagle and Frankhn Streets.— Perhaps not one among ^ the number who have come to the front in the realm of realty within recent years in Buffalo has been more suc- cessful than the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He has been established m business on his own account since April 1st of the present year, and from the etart he has been steadily winning his way to public confidence and favcr, building up by thoroughly honorable methods quite an extensive clientele. Mr. Cunningham,. who is a comparatively young man and a native of this city, is a qualified notary public, and was formerly cleik in the surrogate's office for ten years. He is a gentleman of entire probity of charac- ter, as well as of energy, sagacity, and ample experience, and has a minute knowledge of all matters connected with the handling cf prop- erty and kindred interests. His office, which is eligibly located on the second floor of the Austin building (Room 10), is commodious and well appointed, the telephone call being No G6. and an efficient clerical staff is employed, the proprietor himself exercising imme- diate supervision over every detail. Mr. Cxmningham is a general real estate broker, buying, seUing, and exchanging, on commission, all kinds of improved and imimproved realty, including subdivision and acreage property, and has a choice line of suburban buuaing lots for sale on easy time payments. He is prepared to give personal atten- tion also to the collection of rents and the management of estates, the payment of taxes for non-residents being a specialty, while loans are negotiated and risks placed with first-class fire insurance com- panies at lowest rates. Attests, deeds, and such like documents are carefully and accurately drawn up. particular attention being given to conveyancing: and all business entrusted to Mr. Cunningham is certain to be attended to in the most capable and satisfactory manner. A J. RAYNER, Manufacturer of Hats. Caps, and Furs, No. 293 Main Street.— This house was founded twenty-seven years ^ ago by Mr. J. E. Beydal. who carried on a successful busi- ness until 18S5. when he was succeeded by the present owner. Krom the first years of its establishment it acquired an extensive and first-class patronage, which it has ever since retained, and which the enterprising management of Mr. Rayner has developed and extended until it is now the exclusively first-class one of thocity. The premises occupied by this representalive house are centrally and conveniently located at No. 293 Main Street. They are hand somely furnished throughout and elegantly fitted up with all that is most liable to properly display the large and valuable stock with which they are replete. They comprise a five-story building with basement, part of which is devoted to the manufacture of the specialties handled by the house, and have a dimension of SOxIIO feet. An able staff of skilled and experienced assistants are steadily employed filling the large and numerous orders received, and attend- ing to the wants and requirements of patrons. The goods manufac- tured are of the best quality, and have a general reputation for dur- ability and superiority of workmanship combined with an excellence of finish. The trade covers the entirecity and extends to the neigh- boring counties, and few establishments can offer such superior ad vantages to its patrons. Mr. Rayner is a native of England, but has beon in this country since 1852. ILLUSTRATED THE aUEEN CITY or THE LAKES. FRANK J BISSIN'G, Real Estate and Insurance, Xo. 340 Broiid- way -The Buffalo real-estate market, with its remarkable dc- vi'lopment duriOB the past di-«ide, Is the safest and most ac- ciirute indication of the solidity of the values ivhieh have been placed of late on Buffalo realty, and of the ixTmanoncy of the city's prosperity. Of the iiUTnerous responsible, able, and energetic young men who hove turned their attention to the development an