DOOK A ^rmtk W.s. .no COFYRIGirr DEPOSai ^ c,r ON ^^ AND ENVIRONS D I G.W.ARMSTRONG ^ PUBLISHER-BOSTON Jos. Schlitz's Famous Milwaukee Beer Arnold & Go's Ogdensburg India Pale Ale and Porter In Wood and Bottles, for the trade and family use. Send orders to . . . JOSEPH GAHI^, N. E. Agent, TELEPHONE 954. 125 Purchase Street, BOSTON. O Schlitz's Pale Schlitz's Dark O O Schlitz's Export and Porter O Put up in pints and quarts, a id warranted to keep their natural flavor for months in any climate . . . Also bottler of Imported Kaiser, Pilsener, and Culinbach Beers. Gahm's Malt Extract ! A FOOD! ATONIC! AN INYIGORATOR! It builds up and strengthens the system of the weak and debilitated ; it aids and hastens the recovery to health and vigor of the Si'c^ and Convalescent and is especially recommended to persons suffering from Indigestion and Dyspepsia. It is an easily assimilated Food which possesses all the invigorating and tonic properties dor- mant in malt in the most pleasing and palatable fortpt. For Sale by all Druggists and Grocers. >^-^ > "^ V^ jI,^"' ''• ^M^^ !■/%,, ^^V .,'--^5^S(s... 4 ^^M^^^l jHRf ,£, •^ THIS IS E. G., DAVIS The Confectioner, OF 83 MAIN STREET, BOSTON, C. D. Who makes Wedding Cake, Ice Cream, Sherbets, and Fancy Ices. • • o • WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. Families, Lodges, Churches, Picnics, and Private Parties supplied at short notice. TELEPHONE 258-2. Otis E. Weld & Co. Successors to JOHN D. & M. WILLIAMS, . . . IMPORTERS OF Wines and Spr'rits AGENTS Louis Roederer Champagne 1 85 and 1 87 State Street, BOSTON, MASS. THE SEASHORE, LAKE, AND MOUNTAIN HEALTH AND PLEASURE RESORTS OF Eastern and Northern New England Are easily accessible by the frequent trains of the Boston & Maine RAILROAD If you desire to visit some of the historic towns within easy reach of Boston, a short journey will take you to Salem. Mass.; Marble- head, Mass.; Concord, Mass.; Lexington, Mass.; Newburyport, Mass.; and Portsmouth, N. H. ELEGANTLY EQUIPPED EAST TRAINS. With Parlor and Sleeping Cars, to the Coast points : York Beach, Kennebunk, Old Orchard Beach, Bar Harbor, St. Andrews, and St. John. To the White Mountains, Green Mountains, Adirondack Mountains, THE LAKE REGIONS OF Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, Summer Excursion book, giving complete list of tours, routes, and rates, hotel and boarding-house list, maps, etc. , may be obtained free at any principal office of the company, or will be mailed by Passenger Department. B. & M. R. R., Boston. Boston City Ticket Office, 214-218 Washington Street, corner of State Street. D. J. FLANDERS, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, AFTER SEEING BOSTON IF YOU ARE GOING TO NEW YORK OR BEYOND Choose one of the Excellent Routes Operated by the New York & New England Railroad The "AIR LINE LIMITED " EXPRESS TRAIN, Pullman Vestibuled from end to end, luxuriously equipped with Buffet Smokers, Parlor Cars, Coaches, and Dining Car between Boston and Willimantic, leaves either city 3.00 p.m. every day in the year; due opposite city 9.00 p.m. ...Norwich Line... INSIDE ROUTE. New Vestibuled Steamboat Express Train with Parlor Cars attached leaves Boston 7.15 p.m., week days, con- necting at New London with one of the fine steamers "City of Lowell" (new) or "City of "Worcester." Due New York, Pier 40, North River, 7.00 a.m.; connecting with through trains for South and West. PROMENADE CONCERTS ON STEAMERS EVERY EVENING. Staterooms $1.00, $1.50, and $2.00 Each. Berths Free. Finest Cuisine and Service. Meals served a la carte or table d'hote dinner 75 cents. GEO. F. RANDOLPH, W. R. BABCOCK, General Traffic Manager. General Passenger Agent. BEFORE LEAVING BOSTON Call at our stores and see the largest variety of Souvenirs in the city, among which are Silver Souvenir Spoons, Charms, Pins, Trays, Etc.... Boston Bean Pot Salt Shakers sterling Silver Silver Plated Earthen - $2.00 .50 .25 m0 GEO. E. HOMER, Dealer in Watches, Jewelry, Diamonds, Silverware, and Manu- facturer of Souvenirs. 45 Winter Street. 421 Washington Street, BOSTON. BUNKER HILL MONUMENT— Monument Square, Charlestown Distnct A SOUVENIR GUIDE >/ TO BOSTON AND .\ ENVIRONS. LA'jG J31 1895 V WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. -'^^^ i < BOSTON. G. W. ARMSTRONG, PUBLISHER. V ^'^ -\s\ ^ I M BONBONS Tr*1«l Copyright, 1895, by Rand, McNally & Co. ^! I Lowney s I CHOCOLATE ' I l^^-^^^KA ! »s NAME ON EVERY PIECE." | J. A Full Assortment of Our Candies will be Found at 4 ^ 19 WEST STREET, ^ if . . • I BOSTON. I TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON ....Page 7 Railway Stations, 7; Sound Steamers, q; Steamship Landings, 10; Baggage Transfers and Delivery, 11; Getting About the City, 12; Hacks and Cabs, 12; Street Car Routes, 13; Ferries, 16; Hotels, 17; Restaurants, 21; Apartment Houses or Family Hotels, 22; Boarding and Lodging Houses, 23. II. IN AND AROUND BOSTON 25 Localities, 25; The North End, 25; The Central District, 26; The West End, 27; The South End, 27; The Annexed Districts, 28; Metropolitan Boston, 34; Cemeteries, 38. in. THE CITY'S PARKS AND SQUARES '. 42 The Common, 42; The Public Garden, 44; The New Public Park System, 46; Charlesbank, 47; The Fens, 47; Leverett Park, 47; Jamaica Park, 48; Arnold Arboretum, 48; Franklin Park, 48; Marine Park, 50. IV. OLD LANDMARKS 52 Faneuil Hall, 50; Old State House, 54; Old South Meeting House, 56: Old Corner Book Store, 57; King's Chapel, 57; Chri.st Church, 58; Old Burying Grounds, 59. V. THEATERS AND OTHER AMUSEMENTS.. 64 Alphabetical List of Theaters, 64; Museums and Collections, 69; Music and Musical Societies, 72; Alphabetical List of Musical So- cieties, 72; Athletics, 74; Field Sports, 74. VL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC 76 Public Schools, 76; Harvard University, 80; Other Institutions, 84; Libraries, 87; Boston Public Library, 88; Other Libraries, 94; The Museum of Fine Arts, 96. VII. CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS AND BENEVOLENT WORK.. 98 Sunday in Boston, 98; Protestant Churches, 99; Roman Catholic Churches, 104; Other Religious Organizations, 106; Societies for Social Improvement, 107; Charities and Hospitals, 108. VIIL CLUBS, SOCIETIES, AND MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS 112 List of Leading Clubs, 112; Scientific and Learned Societies, 117; Secret Orders, 118; Military Organizations, 118. IX. A TOUR OF THE CITY 120 Washington Street, 120; Milk Street, 121; Custom House and Vicin- ity, 122; State Street, 124; New.spaper Row, 125; School Street and the City Hall, 126; Scollay Square and Vicinity, 127; Beacon Hill, 128; Through the Common and Public Garden, 130; Commonwealth Ave- nue, 131; Copley Square, 131; To Cambridge, via Harvard Bridge, 132; Charlestown and Bunker Hill, 133. X. BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS.. 134 The Harbor, 134; The Islands, 135; The North Shore, 139; The South Shore, 144. (3) For -The • Fine -Trade CHoco&i^^ejS A7HD Bon Bon$ For Sale by Leading Dealers. Name "BAKER" on all Chocolates. WiNTHROP M. Baker, 490- ATLANTIC AVENUE, BOSTON. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Bunker Hill Monument (frontispiece) , Main Entrance Union Station, - . - _ Park Square Station, .-.--_ Hotel Vendome, -..-... The Charlesgate, ------- Statue of Minute Man, ------ Beacon Street Mall, --.-.. Stony Brook Bridge, ------ Agassiz Bridge, ------- The Old State House, - Christ Church, ------- Memorial Hall, Harvard College, Law Library, - - Massachusetts Institute of Technology-, Boston Public Library, ------ Grand Staircase, Public Library, - - - - Arlington Street Church, ----- King's Chapel. .--.__- Trinity Church, ------- Boston Chamber of Commerce, - - . - Tremont Street, Looking South from Park Street, Commonwealth Avenue, ----- The Harbor Steamboats at Rowe's Wharf, - Nantasket Beach, - - Opposite page I 8 lO i6 22 36 42 46 48 54 58 80 82 84 88 92 100 102 104 122 126 130 134 146 (5) G. W. Simmons & Co., Oak Hall, Boston, 32 to 44 North Street, are the Oldest Established Cloth- iers in Boston. They deal in everything worn by men, youths, and boys. They are New Eng- land's headquarters for mil- itary goods of every kind. Also, for uniform and livery work, flags, banners, and laces. If you want good work you may be sure of it at G. W. Simmons & Co. s. Oak Hall, Boston, 32 to 44 North St. I. AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON Boston, the beautiful Puritan city, has many gateways through which the pilgrims, upon whatever errand bent, may enter her goodly precincts. And she has much to offer, to all who will come to her, in the way of historic relics, treasures of literature and art, and facilities for study or business. Her older streets may be winding and narrow, but they are picturesque and full of suggestions of that past in which all Americans have an interest, and of which they have a right to be proud. Many of these quaint old thoroughfares lead to shrines which, as long as they exist, will attract tourists and will help to keep alive feelings of patriotism and loyalt3^ There is no city in the world where the spirit of hospitality is more boundless, or where all that pertains to the comfort of the guest is more accessible. A feeling of uncertainty and dread is apt to possess the mind of one who is entering a strange city, and the friendly words of direc- tion and caution given in this chapter are intended to remove, as far as may be possible, the embarrassment and discomfort which are natural to inexperienced travelers. There are six railway stations in Boston and many landing places for passengers from trans-Atlantic and coastwise steamers. In the following pages each of these points of arrivafl is noted, and suggestions are given in regard to transporta- tion of baggage, hotels, and other matters of interest to those who would become acquainted with Boston. Railway Stations. The Boston & Albany Railroad has its depot on Kneeland Street, between Utica and Lincoln streets. This is the point of departure for through trains for the West, via the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad. The Boston & Maine Railroad System occupies the new Union Station on Causeway Street, between Nashua and Haverhill streets. (7) 8 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. This system, in addition to its main line, comprises the Boston & Lowell division, the Eastern division, and the Central Massachusetts division. The Fitchburg Railroad — Hoosac Tunnel Route — also occupies the new Union Station on Causeway Street, between Nashua and Haverhill streets. The New York & New England Railroad Station is on Atlantic Avenue, foot of Summer Street. In connection with this railroad is the Norwich Line of Sound steamers for New York. From this depot the celebrated white train leaves daily, at 3 p. m., for New York. This is a favorite train with experienced travelers. The main line of this road terminates at Newburgh, N. Y., on the Hudson. The New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad — ''Old Col- onf System — occupies the " Old Colony" Depot, corner of Kneeland and South streets, from which the trains of all the branches of this system, except the "Providence division," leave. Trains for Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, and many other seaside resorts start from this station. Old Colofiy System — Providence Division — has its depot in Park Square, on Columbus Avenue, opposite Elliot Street. Oper- ated in connection with this division of the Old Colony line are the Fall River, Providence, and Stonington lines of Sound steamers. Remarks on the Various Railway Stations. Much of the traveler's comfort depends upon the railway stations with which he has to do m making a journey. Those of Boston will compare favorably with the stations of other great cities of the United States. The waiting-rooms are spacious and comfortably furnished; the toilet-rooms and barber shops are neat and orderly, and the attendants are obliging and civil when giving information. In each one of the stations will be found lunch rooms or counters, as well as restaurants, where w^ell-cooked meals, at reasonable prices, may be had at any hour of the day. Telegraph and telephone offices, news-stands, flower and fruit stands, and information bureaus are also located in all of the stations. Ladies arriving alone in Boston will always find a matron in charge of the waiting-room who will answer questions and give infor- mation and suggestions which it will be quite safe to follow. MAIN ENTRANCE, UNION STATION. The Finest 1 0c Cigar . . IS THE . . Key West Rosa SOLD AT ALL STATIONS ON THE Boston & Albany, ^'^ Boston 3i Maine, and Fitchburg Railroads, . . BY GEO. W. ARMSTRONG. AJV INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON. 9 People passing through Boston who have to wait over for an hour or two for a train can board a street car at the entrance of any of the stations and take a ride which wnll not only refresh them, but which will give them a comprehensive glimpse of Boston. From Park Square Stati07i it is but a minute's walk to the beautiful Public Garden, and here the tired traveler may wander among the flowers, rest under the shadow of the fine old trees, or go boating on the lake. If there is time enough for the traveler to pass from the garden and cross Charles Street to the Common and stroll about its shady walks and malls, he will carry away a mental picture which, for beauty, interest, and restfulness, can not.be rivaled. The new Union Station, with a frontage of 367 feet on Causeway Street, presents some features which are worthy of note. It is one of the largest railway stations in the world, and 100,000 people daily pass through its portals. The grand entrance is under the largest arch, but one, in the country. The main waiting-room v/ill seat sev- eral hundred people, and the marble toilet-rooms and special waiting- rooms will all meet with the approval of those who know the annoy- ances as well as the pleasures of travel. From either of the ten local ticket windows tickets to 686 different points may be purchased, while from the five other windows tickets may be bought to any railway station in the United States, Canada, or Mexico. The hack- stand at this station is 100 feet square, and is under the station roof, a fact which will be appreciated by travelers in stormy weather. From the front of this station cars may be taken to any part of the city or suburbs, and those who have to wait for a train may find rest and recreation in this way. It may interest the traveler to know that over 600 trains leave this station every day, and that night is turned into day by 300 arc and over 5,000 incandescent electric lights. Sound Steamers for K^ew York. People journeying between Boston and New York will often find it pleasant and convenient to patronize biie of the lines of Sound steamers. The advantages whidh these bod,ts offer, especially in warm weather, are freedom from the heat and dust of the railway, and a clean, luxurious stateroom. The boats of the Fall River and Providejice and Norwich lines are floating palaces, wherein one may enjoy all the comforts of a 10 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. first-class hotel and reach his destination in the morning ready for a day of business or pleasure. (See New York &^ New E7igland Railway and Old Colony Railroad?) Fall River Line. — Park Square Station. Norwich Line. — New York & New England Railroad Station, Atlantic Avenue, foot of Summer Street. Providence Line. — Park Square Station. Stoningtoji Line. — Park Square Station. Steamship Landings. Trans-Atlantic Steamships. — Anchor Litie. — (London). Commonwealth Dock, South Boston. Agents. Henderson Brothers, 7 and 9 State Street. Allan Lifie. — (Glasgow). No. 6 Hoosac Tunnel Dock, Charles- town. Offices, 80 State Street. Cienard Line. — (Liverpool). Ctmard Docks, foot of Clide Street, East Boston. Office, 99 State Street. Warren Li?ie. — (Liverpool). Hoosac Tunnel Dock, Charles- town. Warren & Co., agents, 125 Milk Street. Ley land Line. — (Liverpool). Grand Junction Dock, East Bos- ton. Agents, W. H. Lincoln & Co., 14 State Street. Furnace Line. — (London). Hoosac Tunnel Dock, Charlestown. Furnace, Witlely & Co., 85 Water Street. Johnston Line. — (London and Hamburg). N. Y. & N. E. Dock, South Boston. W. J. Johnston & Co., Chamber of Commerce. Wilson Line.— {YLvM). N. Y. & N. E. Dock, South Boston. Agent, 88 Kilby Street. Coastwise and River Steamers. — Boston (Sn> Bangor Steamship Company. — Foster's Wharf. William H. Hill, general manager. (Bangor and intermediate points on Penobscot River.) Kennebec Steamboat Company. — Lincoln's Wharf. Charles H. Hyde, agent. (Bath, Richmond, Gardiner, Hallowell, and Augusta.) Yarmouth Steamship Compajiy. — Lewis Wharf. Office, 64 Chatham Street. (Yarmouth, N. S., and St. John, N. B.) hiternatiojial Steamship Coinpany . — Commercial Wharf. (Digby and Annapolis, N. S.; Eastport, Maine; St. John, N. B., and Halifax, N. S.) Boston (Sn- Gloucester Steamship Company. — Central Wharf. E. S. Merchant, agent, 244 Atlantic Avenue. Canada Atlantic Steamship Company. — Lewis Wharf. R. B. Gardner, manager. (Halifax.) For Philadelphia. — Central Wharf. E. B. Sampson, agent, 70 Long Wharf. For Baltimore a fid Norfolk. — Battery Wharf. George E. Smal- ley, agent. For Savannah. — Lewis Wharf. Richardson & Barnard, agents. TALK ABOUT GOOD CIGARS! DID YOU EVER SMOKE A QUEEN ELIZABETH OR FLOR DECUBANA MADE BY STEPHEN G. CONDIT OF NEW YORK? FACTORY AND OFFICE... AVENUE D AND 10TH STREET AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON. 11 For 'Jamaica. — Head of Long Wharf. J. H. Freeman, agent. For Portland. — Head of India Wharf. Charles F. Williams, agent. For Provmcctoivn. — Commercial Wharf. Atwood & Rich, agents, 109 Commercial Street. The daily papers will give full information regarding the many summer excursion steamers, which leave at almost any hour of the day, during the season, for the various beach resorts. Street cars pass all railroad stations and are to be found at or near every steamboat wharf, so that one can always be sure of cheap transportation from the place of arrival to the point of destination, or from one station or landing place to another; if not by one continuous line, at most with one transfer, while those who do not care to prac- tice economy in this matter will find hacks and cabs waiting. Baggage Transfers and Delivery. On all the principal inward-bound trains, and at the wharves of incoming steamboats, there is a uniformed agent of the Armstrong Transfer Company. This official will take orders for the transfer of baggage to or from any point in the city, and passengers, on giving him their railroad baggage checks, will receive in return the com- pany's "claim checks," which will give the owner security for his baggage, and these checks are to be surrendered only on receipt of the baggage at the specified destination. This company also owns and operates a line of coupes, carriages, and diligences for the conveyance of passengers between stations, or to and from any part of the city, or for shopping or calling tours. The charge for delivering a trunk to any point within the city limits is 25 cents. The lowest charge for carriage hire for one person is 50 cents, which includes transportation for one trunk, to be taken on the carriage. It is well to bear in mind, however, that the driver of the carriage is not allowed to carry the trunk beyond the entrance hall of a private residence, and that if the trunk is to be carried up- stairs it will be better to send it by the baggage delivery. Outgoing Baggage. — An order should be left at the company's office, corner of Albany and Troy streets, or at any of the branch offices, at least two hours before the departure of train. They may be summoned by telephone from any part of the city to call at any hotel. or dwelling for passengers or baggage, and the message is im- mediately transferred to the branch office nearest the place from which the order comes, and a carriage or baggage van is dispatched 12 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. to the place of call. The owner of baggage forwarded to a station or steamboat landing is given the company's claim check on the baggage- room of the station or landing, by which his property is at once iden- tified for checking. This company wall also check baggage through to destination, from a hotel or residence, if the parties desiring it have their railroad tickets. It has offices in all railroad stations, in all the principal hotels, and in different parts of the city. Caution. — Never give up your checks to any but a uniformed train solicitor, or a regular office agent, or porter of either the transporta- tion company which holds the baggage, or of the express company to which you intend to intrust it, and always take a receipt; and never give up your checks, if you claim your baggage yourself, to any per- son except the uniformed baggageman of the railway or steamboat line by which you have traveled. If you expect to meet or visit friends in the city who are residents, the best way, probably, is to keep your checks and let your friends manage the delivery of the baggage for you. Getting- About the City. If one has but a short time to stop in the city, and desires to cover as much ground as possible in that time, it wnll be wise to engage a cab by the hour (on cab rates) and drive from point to point ; but if several days can be devoted to " doing" the city such expense will be unnecessary. Hacks and Cabs. — The hacktiey-cart'mge and cab system of the city is under the control of an official connected with the police de- partment, the rates of fare being established by the city authoricies, and vary according to the distance. Disputes about fares are un- necessary, as the drivers are required to display a rate-sheet when asked, and they are published in detail in the city directory. The fare for an adult for short distances, within specified limits in the city proper, is 50 cents; no charge is to be made for one trunk, but 25 cents is charged for each additional trunk. Cabs furnish a cheap and brisk means of getting about the city. The charge is but 25 cents for transporting one person from any rail- road station to a hotel, or from one railroad station to another. For one or more passengers from one point to another, wnthin specified limits, the fare is 25 cents each. Cabs may also be hired by the hour A A' INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON. 13 for service within or about the city at the following rates: To or from any point within the limits of the city the rate shall be made on the basis of $1 per hour for one, two, three, or four passengers. The time shall be reckoned both going to and coming from any point, whether the cab returns empty or otherwise. Fractions of an hour shall not be charged after the first hour. Cabs may be hailed anywhere on the street, when without a pas- senger, for any desired service. When " roaming " on the return from an engagement to the regular stand, it is customary for the driver to throw out a sign by the side of his seat with the suggestive words, " Not Engaged." The following regulation applies to carrying children by carriage or cabs : For children under four years of age, with an adult, no charge shall be made. For a child between four and twelve years of age, when accompanied by an adult, the fare shall be half the price charged for an adult ; but when not so accompanied, or when a child carried in a cab is over twelve years of age, the charge will be for an adult fare. Street-Car Routes. By referring to the street-car routes, it will be seen that it is possi- ble to visit all points of interest in Boston and the suburban districts without discomfort or great expense. The spacious open cars used in the summer, and the comfortable and equally roomy closed cars used in the winter and stormy seasons, afford a safe and pleasant means of transit. When the subway is finished and the congested condition of Washington and Tremont streets in their narrowest parts is relieved, transit will be much quicker. Nearly all the street-car routes have their points of attraction, and it would be impossible to give them all in a work of this kind. But in the following list an effort has been made to point out the way to those localities which are recognized as especially interesting and important: A Few Attractive Routes. — Dorc/iestt^r via Grove Hall. — Green car marked "Dorchester" on dasher and end signs. Take car at corner Franklin and Washing- ton streets. Dorchester via Meeting House Hill. — Blue earmarked " Meeting House Hill" on dasher and " Dorchester" on end signs. Take car at corner Franklin and Washington streets. 14 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. Forest Hills. — Green car marked " Egleston Square" on dasher and " Forest Hills " on end signs. Take car at Union Station, ScoUay Square, or Old Granary Burying Ground. Forest Hills Cemetery is near the terminus of this route. Franklin Park. — Green car marked " Grove Hall " on dasher and " Franklin Park" on end signs. Take car at Scollay Square, Old Granary Burying Ground, Washington Street, or Union Station. Blinker Hill. — Green or yellow car marked ' ' Roxbury and Charlestown " on dasher and " Franklin Street, Somerville," on end signs. Cypress Street, Brookline. — Blue car marked "Brookline" on dasher and " Cypress Street " on end signs and top of car. Take car at Old Granary Burying Ground. Back Bay Fens and Brookline Park are on this route. Jamaica Plain. — Yellow car marked " Jamaica Plain " on dasher and end signs. Take car at Union Station and Old Granaty Bury- ing Ground. This car passes near Jamaicaway and the Arnold Arboretum. Davis Square, West Somerville. — Yellow car marked " Charles- town" on dasher and "Davis Square "on end signs. Take car at Scollay Square, Tremont Street, and Columbus Avenue. Magoiin Square, Somerville. — Yellow car marked " Charlestown " on dasher and " Magoun Square " on end signs. Take car passing Old Granary Burying Ground or at Scollay Square. Miltoji. — Blue car marked " Field's Corner" on dasher and " Mil- ton " on end signs. Take car at corner Franklin and Washington streets. Field's Corner. — Blue car marked "Field's Corner" on dasher and end signs. Take car at Old Granary Burying Ground. Nepotisei. — Blue car marked "Field's Corner" on dasher and " Neponset " on end signs. Take car at Union Station and Franklin, corner Washington Street. City Poi;it. — Red car marked "South Boston" on dasher and " City Point" on end signs. Take car at Union Station and Wash- ington Street, between Adams Square and Boylston Street. This car goes to Marine Park. City Point to Ha7'vard Square. — Red car marked "South Boston " on dasher and " Harvard Square" on end signs. Take car at Park Square and Charles Street. Maiden. — Amber-colored car marked " Everett" on dasher and "Maiden " on end signs. Take car at Scollay Square. Medford. — Amber-colored car marked " Charlestown" on dasher and " Medford" on end signs. Take car at Scollay Square. Woodlaivji Cenictc7'y. — Amber-colored car marked " Everett" on dasher and " Woodlawn " on end signs. Take car at Scollay Square. Arlington and Arlifigto?i Heights. — Crimson car marked " Cam- bridge " on dasher and " Arlington" on end signs. Take car at Bow- doin Square. This route passes Harvard College. Harvard Square to City Point. — Crimson car marked "Cam- A AT INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON. 15 bridge" on dasher and " Harvard Square " on end signs. Take car at Park Square and Charles Street. This car runs near Harvard College. Harvard Square. — Crimson car marked " Cambridge " on dasher and "Harvard Square" on end signs. Take carat Old Granary- Burying Ground. This route passes Harvard College. Mount A itbicrn and Nezvtoji. — Crimson car marked ' ' Cambridge" on dasher and " Mount Auburn and Newton "on end signs. Take car at Bowdoin Square. Mount Auburn Cemetery is on this route. Reservoir, via Beacon Street. — Chocolate-colored cars marked " Reservoir " on dasher and end signs. Take car at Old Granary Burying Ground. Reservoir, via Brook line Village. — Blue car marked "'Brookline " on dasher and " Reservoir" on end signs. Take car at Old Granary Burying Ground. Oak Sqitare. — Chocolate - colored cars marked " Allston " on dasher and " Oak Square" on end signs. Take car at Old Granary Burying Ground." Free Transfers. — The West End Street Railway Company issues free transfers as follows : At Grove Hall. — For any car going south to Dorchester or Franklin Park ; and to any car going north on either Blue Hill Ave- nue or Warren Street. At Dudley Street. — For any car going south on Warren Street or Blue Hill Avenue to Dorchester or Franklin Park ; north, to any car running on Washington Street, Shawmut Avenue, Tremont Street, Columbus Avenue, or Huntington Avenue to Scollay Square, Union Station, Charlestown or Somerville, and Bunker Hill. At Roxbury Crossing. — To any car going toward Brookline, and to any Tremont Street car going north. At Field' s Corner. — For any Neponset or Milton car going south, or any Dorchester Avenue or Mount Pleasant car going north. At East Boston Ferry, on the Boston side. — For any car going to East Boston or Chelsea. At East Boston Ferry, on the East Boston side. — For any car running on Tremont and Washington streets. At Dorchester Street, South Boston. — For any car going to City Point, Boston proper, or Washington Village. At Broadway, corner Dorchester Avenue. — For any City Point to Harvard Square or Bay View to City Point car. At Harvard Square, Cambridge. — For any car going to North Avenue, Mount Auburn, or Huron Avenue. Also to Park Square, Tremont House, Bowdoin Square, Scollay Square, via East Cam- bridge and City Point. At Craigie Bridge. — For Claredon Hills, Somerville, Harvard Square, or Central Square, Cambridge ; City Point, South Boston, Park Square, Bowdoin Square, and Scollay Square. At West Bostofi Bridge. — For Harvard Square, Brookline 16 HANDY GCIDE TO BOSTOX. Street, Pearl Street, Mount Auburn, and North Avenue. Also to City Point, South Boston, Park Square, and Bowdoin Square. The Lynn & Boston Electric Railroad System covers the largest extent of territory of any electric railway in New England, and em- braces a large area of the northern and northwestern section of Essex County, including L^mn, Saugus, Swampscott, Marblehead, Salem, Peabody, Danvers, Beverly, Wenhan>»«.nd Hamilton; and, in Middle- sex County: Stoneham, Wakefield, Melrose, Maiden, and Everett. In Suffolk it runs through Boston, from Scollay Square, through Charlestown and Chelsea, to Revere, thence to Lynn, and so on. This system has 153 miles of single track (100 of which is single, with turn-outs), but it connects, outside of Boston, twenty-one cities and towns, with an estimated population of nearly 300,000. Lynn is the distributing center of this great electric system, and from this point the possibilities of change of direction seem to be limitless. The passenger station is at 71 Cornhill. The following is the official time- table: To Beachmont, every sixty minutes. To Chelsea, via Charlestown, every eight and ten minutes. To Woodlawii Cemete7-y, every sixty minutes; (in summer), every thirty minutes. To Revere, every thirty minutes. To Revere Beach (in summer), every fifteen minutes. To Lynn, Satigus, and Swampscott, every sixty minutes ; Sun- days (in summer), every thirty minutes. Cars from Lytin to Peabody and Marblehead, every sixty min- utes; to East Saugus and Cliftondale, every thirty minutes. Ferries. A list of the ferries which ply between Boston and the surround- ing shores is as follows : Chelsea Ferry (foot of Hanover Street).— First boat leaves Chel- sea, foot of Winnisimmet Street, 4.15 a. m., 4.45; then every thirty minutes to 5.45 p. m.; then every fifteen minutes to 7.40 p. m.; then every thirty minutes to 11. 15 p. m. ; first boat from Boston, 4.30 a. m. ; last boat, 11.30 p. m. ; Saturday, fifteen minutes' time all day and evening, Sunday. — First boat leaves Chelsea 6.15 a. m., every thirty min- utes to S.45 A. M. ; every fifteen minutes to 7.45 p. m. ; then every thirty minutes to 11. 15 p. m. ;last boat from Boston, 11.30 p. m. East Boston {North Ferry), foot of Battery Street.— Leave at AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON. 17 4.07 A. M.; every fifteen minutes to 6 a. m.; every seven and one-half minutes to 11.22 p. m. ; every fifteen minutes to 11.52 night; every twenty minutes to 4 a. m. East Boston {South Ferry), foot of Eastern Avenue. — Leave at 4 A. M. , every fifteen minutes to 6 a. m. ; every seven and one-half minutes to 7.30 A. M., every six minutes to 11.30 a. m.; every nine minutes to 1.30; every six minutes tot). 45; every seven and one-half minutes to 8 r. M. (Saturday, 9 i\ m.); every fifteen minutes to 12 p. m.; every twenty minutes to 4 a. m. Boston & Revere Beach Railroad Ferry, 350 Atlantic Avenue. First boat leaves at 5.35 a. m.; every half-hour to 9.30 p. m.; then every hour to 11.30 p. m. Hotels. Boston is prepared to "welcome the coming and speed the parting guest " in such manner that he will long to visit her again. Her many good hotels are not confined, as in former days, to the business district of the city, but they are to be found in almost every quarter, and of various grades of excellence, and it would seem that "all sorts and conditions of men" might here find a temporary home which would meet their utmost requirements. Hotels on the American plan furnish lodging, meals, and attend- ance at a fixed price per day, which varies according to the grade of the house and the location and appointment of rooms. Hotels on this plan are recommended to persons who, having command of their time, can be regular at meals, and to those w^ho like to know in ad- vance the expense to which they will be subject w'hile in the city. The prices of these hotels vary from $2 to $5 a day and upward for extra rooms and other advantages. It should be borne in mind that proprietors charge travelers for the meal that is on the table when they arrive or when they depart. As there is usually a meal going on from the early breakfast until late in the evening, it is well for the guest to see that he is registered with his account beginning wath the first meal which he intends to eat. If the clerk refuses to accede to this arrangement, the meal must be paid for or other quarters sought. In the list of hotels, which forms a part of this chapter, the lowest ordinary rates per day for one person are given for hotels run on the American plan. Higher rates are charged for superior rooms. Where the stay in the city is to be prolonged for more than one week, re- 18 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. duced rates may be obtained at some of these hotels by making arrangements before registering. Hotels on the European plan. — In these hotels rooms are rented, with light and service, at so much per day, and the guest may take his meals in the restaurant attached to the hotel or elsewhere, as con- venience or fancy may dictate. Hotels on the European plan will commend themselves to people who are limited as to time and do not have to consider expense. The prices range from 50 cents anight, in some of the cheaper hotels, to $2 and $3 in the Back Bay region; but very choice rooms and extra privileges must be paid for accordingly. As a rule, $1 per day for a single room and $2 for two persons together will secure accommodations that will satisfy most travelers. Combination Plan. — Some of the best hotels combine both Amer- ican and European 23lans, and in the list of minimum charges prices for both plans are given. Extras. — The only extra charges which will be found in the bill will be for meals sent to private rooms, baths (when no bath-room is attached to the room occupied), and fires, or, in some cases, the turn- ing on of steam heat. The fire is usually of hard coal, in an open grate, and costs from 50 cents to $1 per day, and 50 cents is the usual charge for baths. In almost every hotel will be found telegraph offices, barbers, and bootblacks, news-stands, and theater ticket offices; and in many, railway ticket offices and agents of the baggage transfer companies and carriage lines. These agents are authorized and may be patronized without hesitation. Alphabetical List of Hotels. Abbotsfo7'd, 186-188 Commonwealth Avenue. Adams, 551-571 Washington Street — Eur., $1. Ajfiej'icaji, Hanover and Washington streets — Eur., |i. Bellevue, 15-23 Beacon Street — Eur., $1. Boston Tavern, 347 Washington Street — Eur., $1. Brunswick, Boylston and Claredon streets — Am., $5; Eur., $1. Clarendon, 521-523 Tremont Street — Eur., $ — Clark's, 575-581 Washington Street — Eur., $1. Copley Square, Huntington Avenue and Exeter Street — Am., $3.50; Eur., $1.50. Crawford, Scollay Square — Eur., $1. Eastern, Canal and Causeway streets — Am., $2. Falmouth, 66 Causeway Street — Eur., $1. Hawthor?te, 78 Pinckney Street — Am., $1.50. Huntington, Huntington Avenue — Eur., $1. Langham, 1679 Washington Street — Am., $2.50; Eur., $1. AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON. 19 Maverick, 23 Maverick Square, East Boston — Eur., $ — Oxford, Huntington Avenue and Exeter Street — Eur., $ — . Parker, School and Tremont streets — Eur., $1. Plaza, Columbus Avenue and Holyoke Street — Eur., $1. Quincy, Brattle Street and Brattle Square — Am., %y, Eur., $1. Revere, Bowdoin Square — Eur., $1. Reynolds, 623 Washington Street — Eur., $1. Richmond, 254-258 Tremont Street — Am., $2. Rockifis^ham, 1202 Washington Street — Eur., $1. Thor7i(iike, Boylston and Church streets — Eur., $1. Ufiited States, Beach, Albany, and Lincoln streets — Am., $2.50; Eur.,$i. Vendome, Commonwealth Avenue and Dartmouth Street — Am., $5. Victoria, Dartmouth and Newbury streets — Eur., $1, Winthrop, Bowdoin and Allston streets — Am., $2.50. Young's, Court Street and Court Square — Eur. ,$i. Notable Traits of Prominent Hostelries. — It is not the purpose of this book to make any discriminations, other than those which will aid the stranger to find a suitable home for his stay in the city. For addresses and rates, the foregoing list will give one a pretty good idea of what the town affords; but there are some traits that belong to the older hostelries which it will be desirable for the stranger to know before making his selection. Most of the down-town hotels are in the district which is bounded on the north by Hanover Street and on the south by Boylston Street. In this district may be found every grade of hotel, and people who are here for business or sight-seeing will choose this locality for its convenience. In the Back Bay district will be found places whose elegant appointments and air of refinement and exclusiveness will appeal to those who have the leisure and the means to command such luxuries. The American House, on Hanover Street, between Portland and Court streets, is a long-established and very good hotel. It is inter- esting to know that upon a portion of the ground it occupies there formerly stood the home of Gen. Jose])h Warren. This hotel has been in operation since 1835, and has had many alterations and additions. It was the first hotel to introduce the passenger elevator. Its prices are moderate, and it is a well-kept, comfortable house. It is largely patronized by business men, and by Western and Southern merchants. The Ada?ns House, at 553 Washington Street, is one of the largest 20 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. and best hotels in the city. It i§ poted for the excellence of its cuisine, and for its .display of good paintings, by modern artists, on the walls of its corridors and halls. It covers the site of the Lamb Tavern, built in 1745, and also of the first Adams House, built-in 1844. Its central location and excellent service make it an attractive place to tourists. ' ' The Hotel Brunswick, ^ho^ Vendome, Victoria, and Copley Square hotels, in the Back Bay district, are, in all respects, the finest hotels in Boston. They are delightfully located in the fashionable part of the city, and have all the elegance of finish and appointment which the most fastidious guest can desire. All of these houses enjoy the patronage of wealthy and distinguished people, and are favorite places for private and club dinner parties. The Hawthorne. — This house, which is located at 73 Pinckney Street, has long been a favorite boarding-place for teachers, artists, students, and business men and women. Within a few years it has been enlarged and is a most comfortable and well-kept family hotel. A limited number of transients find it an agreeable stop- ping place, and ladies of moderate means will here be as safe and sure of consideration as in their own homes. The Parker House, on Tremont and School streets, was the first hotel established in this country on the European plan (first opened in 1855 by the late Harvey D. Parker), and it has always maintained the highest reputation for the comfort and elegance of its service. It has been enlarged at different times, and at present is a stately marble structure, covering a large area. The Tremont Street extension rises eight stories and terminates in a beautiful chateau roof. The Parker House has two large public dining- rooms, a cafe, and several private dining-rooms. The Quincy House. — Not far from the American House, on Brattle Street, extending to Brattle Square, is the Quincy House, the oldest existing hotel in Boston. Established in 1819, and many times enlarged and remodeled, it has always been a favorite with travelers and business men. The rooms are comfortable and the prices moderate. The Thorttdike. — This is one of the leading hotels of the city. It is located on Boylston Street, facing the Public Garden, and runs through on Church Street' to Park Square, opposite the Park Square Station of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railway. It is AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON. 31 elegantly furnished and has all modern improvements, and its loca- tion gives it the advantage of a transient patronage in its restaurants, as well as one of the best views of the Public Garden and Common to be had in the city. The U)iited States Hotel, on Beach Street, was built over half a century ago as a family hotel. Its location, while not in the most expensive and aristocratic part of the city, is convenient and accessible and near the center of the great wholesale and retail establishments, and is within a short distance of the Boston & Albany, and the New York, New Haven & Hartford and New York & New England Rail- way stations. It is one of the best hotels in the city, where much attention is paid to the comfort and pleasure of the guests. Young's Hotel. — The main entrance to this hotel is on Court Avenue, and the hotel extends to Court Square and Court Street. It is one of the largest and best of the hotels on the European plan. One of the features of this hotel is the ladies' dining-room, the entrance to which is on the Court Street side. This is a handsomely decorated room loo feet long and 31 feet wide. It connects with other large dining-rooms, and a cafe for gentlemen on the ground floor. This hotel is a favorite place with New Yorkers. Kestauraiits. There are several hundred establishments classed as restaurants in the business section of Boston. Of first-class establishments there are a number, and they include those at the leading hotels on the European plan. Recognized as among the best are those connected with Young's Hotel, the Parker House, and the Adams House. That of Young's Hotel is very extensive, occupying a large part of the ground floor of that establishment. It has dining-rooms for ladies and gentlemen, lunch rooms, and convenient lunch and oyster count- ers. The dining-rooms and cafe of the Adams House are first-class in every respect. In the Hotel Bellevue, on Beacon Street, is one of the best and prettiest cafes in town. At the Hotel Victoria, on Dart- mouth Street, will be found another cafe with good service, elegant appointments, and fine cuisine. { Among the favorite places in the business section of the city is Marston's, on Brattle Street, Here, during the noon hour, hundreds of business men and women find rest and refreshment. This restaurant, since the improvements of 1894, is the largest public 4 23 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. restaurant in the city. Farther down town, about the Fanueil Hall markets, are several restaurants, largely patronized by market men, produce men, milk men, and down-town merchants, who find them satisfactory because of their fresh and wholesome fare. On Water Street, near Washington, is found one of the most sumptuously appointed restaurants in the business section. It is known as Feners', and is but one of half a dozen such places managed by the same firm in different sections of the city. In City Hall Square, Washington Street, and along Newspaper Row, are numbers of restaurants of every kind and grade. There are those in which refreshments can be secured at all hours of the day and night, and there are still others which cater mainly for the noon trade. McDonald's, 132 Tremont Street, and 16 Winter Street, is popu- lar with ladies who are shopping, and here they may obtain a light lunch at reasonable prices. At the noon hour the place is thronged with women, and a most animated scene is presented. Among other places of this character are Weber s, 25 Temple Place; Dooh'ng's, 157 Tremont Street, and Frost &> Dearborn s, 8 and 10 Pearl Street. The Winter-Place Hotel, on Winter Place, has recently succeeded Ober's French Restaurant, and it is, without doubt, one of the finest cafes in the city. Hill's restaurant, corner of Washington and Boylston streets, is a popular place with the sporting classes, and here, at all times, may be found devotees of all branches of sport, disposing of a juicy chop and a mug of "musty" while discussing the current topics. The leading French restaurants of the city are located on Van Rensselaer Place. Vercellis\ 61 La Grange Street, is the leading Ital- ian restaurant, and is a place much patronized by fashionable Boston. There are also a few good chop and oyster houses in this city. Of the former, two can be found on Essex Street and one in Avery Street, while of the latter class may be mentioned Hig gins', on Court Street ; Brigham's, on Washington Street, opposite Boylston Street, and Baco7i's, on Essex Street. The railroad restaurants of the city are, as a rule, good, and a well- cooked meal can be obtained at any of them on short notice. Apartment Houses or Family Hotels. Boston was the first American city to adopt this system of living, and it has become so popular that it would be impossible, in a work -«**<»!,-•; : il^lfff-i 0V- THE CHARLESGATE — From the Back Bay Fens. The Great Temperance Drink. DR. SWETT'S Root Beer A Desirable Summer Drink! From articles of a superior quality, including Dandelion, Sarsa- PARiLLA, Spikenard, Wintergreen, Checkerberry, Juniper, Hops, &c. Is manufactured and for sale at the New England Botanic Depot 245 Washington St., BOSTON. A Package contains a sufficient quantity to make Five Gallons, AT THE LOW PRICE OF 25 CENTS PER PACKAGE. This Beer is in many respects the best drink of the kind manu- factured, as its medicinal properties render it exceedingly valuable in any disarrangement of the Stomach, Liver, and Kidneys, a free use of it keeping those important organs in a healthy condition. This Beer is particularly recommended to those suffering from affections of the Kidneys, the Juniper and Guaiacum in its compo- sition possessing healing properties that have been of great benefit to many who have drank at our fountain. Dr. Swett's Root Beer is on draught at all the railroad stations and at the New England Botanic Depot, 245 AVashington Street. GEO. W. SWETT, n. D., Proprietor. AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON. 23 of this character, to mention any but the most prominent establish- ments. These houses range from palatial structures to plain, but comfortable, homes for people of moderate means, and they are to be found "down town" and in all residence districts. They are arranged in suites, the annual rent ranging from $400 to $3,000 and higher, according to size and number of rooms, elegance of finish, and loca- tion of the house. The rent includes ■ janitor service and steam heat. Many of the better class of these houses are furnished with elevators, and have the kitchens at the top of the building. List of the Most Proiiiiuent Family Hotels. Agassiz, 191 Commonwealth Avenue. Berkeley, Berkeley, cor. Boylston Street. Bristol, Boylstcm, cor. Clarendon. Clnny, 233 Boylston Street. Charlesgate, Beacon, cor. Charlesgate, East. Gladstojie, Belvidere Street. Huntington, Huntington Avenue. Nightingale, 637 Dudley Street. O.xford, Huntington Avenue. Pel ham, Boylston, cor. Tremont. Royal, 297 Beacon Street. Ttidor, Joy, cor. Beacon Street. Boarding- and Lodging' Houses. Those who contemplate spending some time in the city w411 find it possible to live, both economically and pleasantly, in a private board- ing-house. Prices range according to location, size, and number of rooms required, etc., and one can obtain board in respectable neigh- borhoods at from $6 to $15 per week, according to accommodations. One can, of course, find lower and higher rates, but would hardly expect satisfactory table and rooms at less than $6. Furnished Rooms. — A very pleasant method of living in Boston is to engage a furnished room by the week, and take one's meals at any of the numerous restaurants. This is an economical way of living, besides the freedom it gives for lunching or dining whenever and wherever one chooses. Rooms to be let for lodgings and private boarding-houses are advertised in the daily papers; but it will be well to require references of those having rooms to rent. At the Woman'' s Educational and Industrial Union is kept a boarding-house directory, which ladies may consult at any time, and so learn of places whose respectability is guaranteed. 24 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. The Young Men's Christia7i Association, comer of Berkeley and Boylston streets; the Young Men's Ckristia?t Union, at 48 Boylston Street, and the Young IVomen's Christian Association, 40 Berkeley Street, are always glad to lend a helping hand to strangers, and also keep boarding-house lists, which are placed at the disposal of those needing such assistance. II. IN AND AROUND BOSTON. The little jagged peninsula on which John Winthrop and his asso- ciates settled in 1630 was first called Shawmut, then Trimountain. The original area of Boston — 783 acres — has grown to 23,661 acres, and the census of 1895 will give Boston a population of over half a million. But these figures as to acreage and population are mislead- ing and unfair. The increase in area has been the result of filling in the harbor and annexing adjacent towns. The first addition of out- lying territory was made as early as 1637, when Noddle's Island " was layd to Boston " and given the name of East Boston. This addition, which more than doubled the area of the old town, remained a farm until 1833, when capitalists purchased most of the land, and improve- ments and settlements began. Early in the present century some parts of Dorchester were added to Boston, but it was not until late in the second half of the century that the municipalities of Roxbury, Dorchester, Charlestown, West Roxbury, and Brighton were absorbed by the ambitious metropolis. Liocalities. Early in the history of Boston it became the habit of the people to speak of the different sections of the town as the " North End," the " West End," the " South End," and then as the residence sections continued to stretch farther to the south and west and business inter- ests absorbed the territory east and south of the Common and Public Garden, this came to be known as the Central District. This division of the city into districts is an advantage to those who are not familiar with the city's topography and points of attraction. The North End is that part of the city lying north of State, Court, and Cambridge streets. This was once the wealthiest, most populous, and, in every way, the most important part of town. (26) 26 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. Here were the great warehouses, the public buildings, and the homes of the old and prominent families. All this is now changed and this part of the city has been abandoned as a place of residence except by the poorest classes. All about this section are streets whose names will recall the historical association of the Colonial period. Many of the most suggestive names, however, were changed after the separation to suit the republican sentiments of the community. Thus King Street became State Street; Queen was changed to Court Street ; but Hanover, named in honor of the royal house, was for some reason permitted to stand. The latter is the main business thoroughfare of this district, starting from Scollay Square and run- ning north to Aspinwall's Wharf. The street is mainly occupied by dealers in small wares, and has been appropriately called the " Bow- ery " of Boston. At one time the North End bore a bad reputation as a slum district, but since the population has become Italian and Hebraic rather than Celtic, it is more peaceful and orderly in its ways. The Italians predominate to the east and the Hebrews to the west of Hanover Street, and " Little Italy" and " New Jerusalem" flourish side by side in what was once the most aristocratic part of Boston. The Italian quarter has its own shops, banks, hotels, and restaurants, a theater, and two churches (St. Leonards of Porte Maurice, on Prince Street, and the Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus on North Square). Points of Liter est at the North End. — The points which will be attractive to the traveler in this part of the city are the Old State House, on State Street; Faneuil Hall, in Faneuil Hall Square; Quincy Market, just across Merchants' Row from Faneuil Hall; Christ Church, on Salem Street; and Copps Hill Burying Ground, quite near the latter, on Hull Street. Each of these places is described in the chapter on " Old Landmarks," and in the chapter entitled " A Tour of the City " the most convenient ^yay of visiting them is pointed out. The Central District, or business quarter, lies east and south of Boylston Street, the Public Garden, the Common, Tremont, Court, and State streets. This region is frequently referred to nowadays as the "congested district," and into it are crowded banks, public buildings, warehouses, shops, offices, hotels, theaters, newspaper offices, and the railway stations. The Subway. — By far the greater part of the interest that is now felt by Bostonians in the construction of the Subway centers in that IN AND AROUND BOSTON. 27 section of the enterprise which affects the Common, the Public Garden, and Tremont Street, down to Scollay Square. It begins in the Public Garden, just across the way from Church Street, or the Hotel Thorndikc, and will be practically depressed until it comes to Charles Street, where it will commence to be a sub- way that, when completed, will not affect the surface. Its course will be under the Boylston Street mall of the Common to a point that is east of the old Public Library, where it will take a slight curve, so as to conform with the line of the Tremont Street mall of the Common, under which it will continue as far as Park Street Church. Under the northeastern corner of the Common and the junction of Park Street with Tremont Street, there will be a loop for the use of the street cars, which arc now turned around at the Granary Burying Ground. The main line will be sufficiently deflected to the eastward from the loop to bring it directly under Tremont Street, and thence it will follow a straight line to Scollay Square, and from there to its terminal at the Union Station. The southern end of the Tremont Street Subway will h ave an entrance near the junction of Tremont Street with Shawmut Avenue. The West End includes that part of the city south and west of Court, Cambridge, Tremont, and Boylston streets, to the line of the Boston & Albany Railroad, following the line of that road to Brook- line. Within these boundaries are the Common and Public Garden, Beacon Hill, and the Back Bay new land. Here is the fashionable part of modern Boston. The Back Bay quarter begins with Arling- ton Street next to the Public Garden. From Arlington Street three great thoroughfares — Newbury Street, Commonwealth Avenue, and Marlborough Street — run parallel with Beacon. These streets are crossed at right angles, at intervals of about 600 feet, by broad cross- streets, which are alphabetically named, a trisyllabic word alter- nating with a dissyllabic. Commonwealth Avenue is 240 feet wide and has a tree-lined parkway running through the center, with wide driveways on either side. It is one of the stateliest and most beau- tiful streets in the country. Within the limits of this district are many of the finest churches in the city proper. Some of the oldest societies in town have emigrated to the Back Bay,'' and the more ancient parts of the city are comparatively bare of houses of worship. The South End. — The section bounded on the north and west by Essex, Boylston, and Tremont streets, and the Boston & Albany 38 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. Railroad, and south by the old Roxbury line, is the South End of Boston, as the term is now understood. It is largely a district of residences, though Washington Street is principally given up to the retail trade, and considerable business is done on some other streets. A large part of this territory was reclaimed from the sea, and the South End is no longer a " neck of land." Most of the streets, though generally pleasant, are drearily mo- notonous in their appearance. Their width and cleanliness, however, and their air of quiet and repose, give a pleasing appearance to this large residence quarter. The domestic architecture of this section exemplifies that peculiarity of Boston houses — the " swell front " — in great variety, but lacks the picturesque diversity of the Back Bay streets. Most of the houses are of brick, in long blocks, and they are sometimes beautifully adorned with woodbine or ivy. The Annexed Districts. East Boston is reached by street cars starting at Bartlett Street and running through Washington, Milk, Congress, State, Devonshire, Hanover, and Battery to the ferry. It is a place of piers, warehouses, dry docks, and marine railways ; of great mills, manufactories, oil works, fish curing and smoking establishments, and immense coal depots. At the Grand Junction Wharves several lines of trans- atlantic steamships load and discharge their cargoes, and here the Boston & Albany and the Boston & Maine railroads have extensive freight terminal sheds and grain elevators. The facilities at these wharves for the reception and dispatch of immigrants are superior to those of any American port. The immigrants who are to continue their journey by land into other sections of the country are carefully guarded from sharpers until they are sent away over the Grand Junction, which connects with the various trunk lines without passing through the city. Near the South Ferry are the Cunard docks, which have been established here since the organization of the line in 1840. East Boston has its pleasant features and its historical associa- tions. It has several parks, one of them — Wood Island — covering more than eighty acres, and affording from its higher points fine views of the harbor. Belnw?it Square is on the site of the old forts of 1776 and 1814. It is supposed that Noddle, after whom the island was originally named, was one of the colonists sent out by Sir Will- iam Brereton, who obtained a grant of this island from John Georges IN AND AROUND BOSTON. 29 in 1628. When John Winthrop came to Boston in 1630, the land was occupied by Samuel Maverick, who lived here for twenty-five years, and who became the first slaveholder in the colony. East Boston was famed for its shipyards, which turned out some of the fast clipper ships, and in 1853, the largest sailing ship of its time. The " Great Republic " was built here. East Boston is connected with the main- land at Chelsea and Winthrop by bridges. South Boston. — To reach South Boston by street car, take the red car marked " South Boston " on the dasher, and " City Point " on end signs. This car goes to Marine Park, and it may be taken at Union Station, and on Washington Street, between Adams Square and Boylston Street. From Park Square and Charles Street take a red car marked " South Boston" on dasher, and " Harvard Square " on the end signs. South Boston is another great industrial center, having vast estab- lishments in which naval cruisers are built and heavy ordnance made; immense cordage works, car- wheel works, elevator works, oil works, sugar refineries, and breweries. These establishments are mostly along the water fronts on the northern and southern sides. In the neighborhood of the Congress Street Bridge from the city proper are the Atlas stores, huge warehouses, the terminal piers of the New York & New England Railroad, and foreign and coastwise steam- ship docks. The district is thickly settled, and in the lower parts unattractive. Its pleasant places are on the hills beyond, and near and about City Point, the most easterly part, embellished by the Marine Park, the terminal of the noble chain of parks and parkways encircling the city. Thomas Park, on Telegraph Hill, occupies the site of the " Dorchester Heights," on whose crest Washington planted the bat- teries which drove the British out of Boston in March, 1776. The spot is marked by a granite tablet. An institution which no visitor should fail to inspect is the Perkins Asylum for the Blifid, which is described in Chapter VI, entitled " Educational Institutions." This is located on East Broadway. On Old Harbor Street is Carfiey Hospital, described in Chapter VII. Of the Mari?ie Park, attract- ive features are the promenades along the shore, and the great pier, commanding delightful views of the harbor, and the walks and drive- way around Old Fort Independence on Castle Island, which is con- nected with the mainland by a bridge. The statue of Farragut, by 30 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. H. H. Kittson, was placed here in 1893. This is a great yachting station, and several clubs have their handsome club houses in the neighborhood. In the boat-building yards here many of the famous racers were built. The Roxbury District. — Street cars for Roxbury pass Rowe's Wharf along Atlantic Avenue to Summer, Summer to Washington, Washington to Eliot, Eliot to Tremont, and Tremont to Roxbury Crossing. Another route is from East Boston Ferry via Hanover Street to Scollay Square, and thence via Tremont to Roxbury Cross- ing. Roxbury was incorporated as a town but a few days after Boston, and when it became a part of Boston in January, 1868, its population numbered 28,400. In 1890 its numbers had increased to over 78,000, a growth of 50,000 in twenty-two years. It has a local history of which it is proud, but most of its interesting old landmarks have been swept away. It is now a pleasant residence quarter, with broad, shady streets, where most of the houses are detached. Among the points of interest is the meeting-house of the " First Religious Society of Roxbury," of which John Eliot, the apostle to the Indians, was the first pastor. This takes rank in age next after the First Church in Boston. It stands in Eliot Square, into which Dudley, Roxbury, and Highland streets converge, occupying the site of the first meet- ing-house. It was built in 1804, succeeding the fourth meeting-house on the spot, the one used for a signal station by the Continentals dur- ing the Siege of Boston. The architecture and the finish of the in- terior have been carefully preserved. The old Universalist Church, near by, stands where Gov. Thomas Dudley's house stood. The site of the earthworks thrown up in 1775, called the Roxbury High Fort, which crowned the Roxbury lines of investment during the siege, is marked by the Cochituate standpipe on the hill between Beech Glen and Fort avenues. This structure, erected and put in use in 1869, was intended to supply high service to those parts of the city which w^ere at the higher levels, but it proved adequate to the supply of the whole city, and thus superseded the old reservoir on Beacon Hill. It has been rendered useless by the Parker Hill reser- voir subsequently built. Around the interior jDipe, but within the exterior wall of brick, a winding staircase leads to a lookout at the top. The site of the birthplace of Gen. Joseph Warren, on Warren Street, is marked by a tablet on the dwelling-house now occupying IN AXD AROUND BOSTON, 31 the spot. The old graveyard in which John Eliot is buried is on the corner of Washington and Eustis streets. Here, also, are the graves of other ministers of the First Parish in Roxbury, of the famous Dudley family, and of the father of Gen. Joseph Warren. The Dudley tomb is near the Eustis Street entrance. Among the worthy institutions of this district is the New England Hospital for Women and Children, on Dimock Street. The Dorchester District. — To reach Dorchester via Meeting House Hill, take the blue cars marked "Meeting House Hill" on dasher, and ' ' Dorchester " on end signs. These cars start from Frank- lin Street and run via Hawley, Summer, Washington, Eustis, Dear- born, and Dudley streets. To reach Dorchester via Grove Hall, take the green car marked " Dorchester " on dasher and end signs. These cars run via Washington, Summer, Hawle}^ Franklin, Washington, and Warren streets. Dorchester, incorporated the same day as Boston, has, like Rox- bury, an interesting local history. It became a part of Boston in 1S70 and, in spite of its rapid growth, it has retained many of the features which have always made it a pleasant place for suburban residences. Its picturesque hills — Savin, Jones', Pope's, and Meeting House, and ]\Iount Bowdoin — command extensive water and land views and are covered with costly villas. At Upham's Corner is the old burying ground (Dudley and Boston streets) where are the graves of Richard iNIather, founder of the Mather family in this country, and others dis- tinguished in the history of Massachusetts. At Five Corners— Massa- chusetts Avenue, Boston, Pond, and Cottage streets — is the old Everett House where Edward Everett was born. Meeting House Hill has been since 1670 the site of the successive meeting-houses of the First Parish (now Unitarian), dating from 1630. The present house, which was built in 1 8 16, is a fair specimen of the church architecture of that period. At Field's Corner is the district post office and a branch of the Boston Public Library. The Lower Mills village is at the south- erly bounds of the district on the Neponsit River. The Charlestown District. — To reach Charlestown via Bunker Hill, take green or yellow car marked " Roxbury and Charlestown" on dasher, and '"Franklin Street, Somerville," on end signs. Horse cars for Charlestown may also be taken on Tremont Street, north of Temple Place, via ScoUay Square. Charlestown was annexed to Boston in 1S73, and, although smaller in area than some of the other 33 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. additions, it is one of the richest localities in historical associations. Most of its points of interest can be compassed in a short walk; but the one which towers above all the others \s Bunker Ht'Il Momnnenf, on Breed's Hill, where the battle celebrated in song and story was fought. The monument marks the lines of the old redoubt and is built of coarse granite, thirty feet square at the base, rising, majestic- ally, 220 feet. From the observatory at the top a wide view of the surrounding country" may be obtained. This is reached by a spiral flight of stone steps inside the shaft, and the visitor who intends to make the ascent will be interested to know that there are just 295 of these steps. In the building at the base of the monument are interesting memorials of the battle, and an excellent statue of General Warren, in marble, the work of Henrys Dexter. The spot where Warren fell is marked by a stone in the grounds near by. The bronze statue of Colonel Prescott, in the main path, occupies the spot where he is supposed to have stood at the opening of the battle. The Bunker Hill Monument was begun in 1825, and the comer stone was laid by Lafayette. Daniel Webster delivered the oration at this ceremony, and also on the occasion of the dedication of the completed work, June 17, 1843. The Navy Yard a.t " Moulton's Point " is where the British troops landed for the fight at Bunker Hill. Its present area is about eight}^- seven acres, and within the inclosure are large and costly buildings. The grounds are attractive, with two broad avenues running through them. There are extensive parks for cannon and shot, a parade ground, marine barracks, store and ship houses, arsenal and maga- zine, a hammered granite dry dock, a long rope walk, a museum, a library, and the homes of the commandant and other officers. The yard is open daily to visitors. Passes can be obtained at the main gate at the junction of Wapping and Water streets. Another feature of the district is the ancient burying ground on the west side (Phipps Street, ofE Main Street), in which are the graves of Rev. John Harvard, the first benefactor of Harvard College ; of Thomas Beecher, the ancestor of the famous Beecher family in America, and of others prominent among the early settlers. The monument in this grave- yard to the memory of Har\'ard, a simple granite shaft, was set up in 1828. It bears the following inscription in Latin : ' ' That one who merits so much from our literary men should no longer be without a monument, however humble, the graduates of ly AXD AROUND BOSTON. 33 the University of Cambridge, New England, have erected this stone, nearly 200 years after his death, in pious and perpetual remembrance of John Harvard." In City Square, the municipal building (the City Hall before annex- ation) marks the sight of the "Great House" of the Governor, in which the Court of Assistants named Boston. Charlestown is dis- tinguished as the birthplace of Samuel F. B. Morse, the inventor of the electric telegraph. The West Roxbury District includes Jamaica Plain, and is the largest and most picturesque of the annexed sections of the cit>'. Within its limits are the greater parks of the public parks system — Jamaicaway, along the ornamented banks and graceful shores of Jamaica Pond; the Arnold Arboretum; and Franklin Park, the crowning feature of the system; the Bussey Institute, and beautiful Forest Hills Cemetery. Jamaicaway may be reached from the city proper by electric cars to Jamaica Plain; the Bussey and the Arbore- tum by electrics through the Roxbury District to Forest Hills, or by the Providence division of the Old Colony Railroad to the Forest Hills Station; and Franklin Park by the last-mentioned routes, or by electrics to Eggleston Square, in the Roxbury* District. The Bussey and the Arboretum are on the west side of the railroad, and Forest Hills and Franklin Park on the east side. The Brighton District. — (For street cars to this district see Res- er\'oir and Oak Square routes under heading: "A Few Attractive Routes," in Chapter I.) This is a region of breezy, commanding hills, of broad and attractive streets, and pleasant homes. Two mag- nificent boulevards from the Back Bay — Commonwealth Avenue and Beacon Street — extend into it, and one of the most popular drives is to Chestnut Hill Reservoir (connected with the Boston Water Works), a pleasure resort which lies within its limits. A beau- tiful driveway, from sixty to eighty feet in width, surrounds this work, in some parts running close to the embankment, and in others leaving it and rising to a higher level, at a little distance from which a view of the entire reservoir can be had. The work covers more than 200 acres. It is a double reservoir, being divided by a water- tight dam into two basins. The surface of water in both is about 125 acres, and when filled to their fullest capacity the basins hold about 800,000,000 gallons. 34 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. Metropolitan Boston. Lying within a radius of ten miles of the City Hall, Boston, are thirty municipalities whose interests are so closely identified with those of the city proper, and so continuous is the population of these sections that it is difficult to draw a boundary line and say where one leaves off or another begins. Within this metropolitan district are the eleven cities of Cambridge, Lynn, Somerville, Chelsea, Maiden, Newton, Waltham, Quincy, Everett, Medford, and Woburn, and in these cities and the adjoining towns are the homes of thousands of people whose business interests are in Boston, and who daily come to their work in the city. Many of these towns and cities are already organized into administrative districts. Thus the Boston Postal Dis- trict comprises seven municipalities, the Sewerage District contains eighteen municipalities, and the Park District, thirty-seven munici- palities. The last extends beyond the limit of metropolitan popula- tion on account of including some important landscape features. Legislation is now under consideration which looks to the establish- ment of a metropolitan water district to furnish these cities and towns with an adequate suj^ply of pure water from the Nashua River, at an estimated cOvSt of nearly $20,000,000. To this metro- politan district is aptly given the name of " Greater Boston,'' and a " Greater Boston Commission," appointed under recent legislation, is engaged in the consideration of some form of metropolitan organ- ization, which, with self-governing powers and a federalized govern- ment for general interests, will still leave the various municipalities independent in authority in purely local matters. Each of these cities has its distinguishing and interesting features; all have a great variety of manufacturing industries, and several are famous in special lines — as Woburn for its tanneries, Waltham for watches, Lynn for shoes, and Chelsea for rubber goods and art tiles. All have charming residence quarters and are connected with the central city by fine boulevards and parkw^ays. In a work of this kind it is only possible to give the prominent features of those localities which will prove of especial benefit to the tourist. Brookline lies south of the great Back Bay region of Boston, and is approached by the stately boulevards of that quarter. It has been called the most beautiful example of a city's suburb in the world. Here are delightful walks and drives among charming villas and park-like estates. At Clyde Park are the club-house and grounds of IN AXD AROUND BOSTON. 35 the Country Club, an organization of Bostonians, members of leading clubs in town. Within the grounds are tennis courts, and one of the best racing courses in the neighborhood of the city, and the club- house is a hospitable country m.ansion of the olden time. Cambridge, with over So,ooo inhabitants, is the largest of the out- lying municipalities. Famous, in the first place, as the seat of the great university, it has many associations and points of interest, which attract all w^ho are so fortunate as to visit Boston. The Old Elm, under which Washington stood w^hen he took command of the Continental Army on July 3, 1775, is still standing at the junction of Mason and Garden streets. Not far away, on the Watertown road, near Brattle Street, is the stately house where the General made his headquarters — the mansion of the Royalist, Col. John Vassal, who abandoned it at the outbreak of the war. In after years it was the home of Longfellow — from 1837 until his death in 1882. Farther on is Elmwood, the birthplace and home of James Russell Lowell. The historic old mansion-house is set in the midst of trees and shrubbery, and dates from about 1760. The poet's study, where he wrote nearly all his poems, was on the third floor. Beautiful Mount Auburn, the last resting-place of so many of America's great men and women, is partly in Cambridge and partly in Watertown. It is fully described at the end of this chapter. Cambridge is also noted as being the first place in this country where a printing-press was set up. In 1639 a press was brought over from England and put in operation in the house of the President, who had charge of it for many years. The first thing printed upon it was the Freeman's Oath, followed by an Almanack for New England, and the Psalms. A fragment of the last-named work is preserved in the college library, and copies of it may still be seen in some anti- quarian libraries. Cambridge has at the present day some of the largest and most completely furnished printing-offices in America, conspicuous among which are the Riverside Press and the University Press. Noteworthy among the public buildings of Cambridge, and conspicuous pieces of architecture, are the City Hall, on Main Street, and the Public Library, on Broadway and Irving Street. Both these buildings and the lot on which the library stands, known as Library Common, were gifts to the city from Frederick H. Rindge of Los Angeles, Cal., a former resident of Cambridge. The public 36 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. Manual Training School, on Irving Street, opposite the library, was also established and equipped for use by Mr. Rindge. Newton, the " Garden City," ranks next to Brookline as a beautiful suburb. It is reached by the Boston & Albany Railroad or by street cars. (See "Attractive Routes," Chapter I.) Between Riverside Sta- tion and Waltham, on the Charles River, is the principal fresh -water boating ground. Somerville is the third of the suburban cities in population. Its points of historic interest are Prospect Hill and Winter Hill, where a redoubt and breastworks were constructed by the Americans in 1775, and in the " Old Powder Tower" will be found an interesting Colonial relic. At Medford, the seat of Tuft's College, which occupies College Hill, are many fine old houses, conspicuous among them being the Craddock house, the oldest building in New England. Lynn, the second of the suburban cities in population, is the largest shoe-manufacturing town in the United States, and the seat of the greatest electric industry. Its seaside and rural surroundings are very beautiful, and the neighborhood of its fine beach is a delightful residential section. Lynn Woods, with 2,000 acres, is the second largest public pleasure-ground belonging to any city in the country. Salem, sixteen miles northwest from Boston, is reached by the Boston & Maine Railroad, or by the Boston & Lynn Street Railway. It is an extremely interesting old city, abounding in historical associ- ations. Tourists will be interested in the old Roger Williams house, which is still standing at the corner of North and Essex streets, and which is noted as the building in which some of the persons charged with making use of the dark art of witchcraft were examined. Gallows Hill, where the execution of witches took place, is in the western part of the city. But the associations clustering about the scenes of Hawthorne's romances are more potent in their attraction for tourists than even historical facts. The house on Mail Street, where Hawthorne wrote " The Scarlet Letter," is standing. The Custom House desk of pine, where he made his first rough draft of " The Scarlet Letter," is sacredly preserved in the reconstructed old First Church. Another building, the Ingersoll house, dating from 1662, is called "The House of the Seven Gables," although Haw- thorne declared that he drew entirely upon his imagination for the site of his Puncheon mansion. STATUE OF MINUTE MAN — Concord Battle Field. Oldest Soda Water Manufacturers in the United States. p AGENTS FOR Saratoga, Star, Vichy, and Geyser Springs. We make Fountains a Specialty, not doing- anything in Bottles or Syphons. Dr. Swett's Root Beer In Fountains. Choice Syrups of Every Variety. This is the oldest soda water ^tablishment in the United States, having been started more than a century ago, when carbonating water was nearly unknown. It was started in a very crude way, and has been growing in import- ance and excellence ever since, until nearly everybody drinks this delicious and healthy beverage. We have an artesian well of the purest water and use no other. With this water and all the latest improved generators, puri- fiers, and steel fountains, we are able to serve customers better than ever before, and guaran- tee them the very best article to be had in the trade, and help them keep up a large and growing business. S. G. PARKER & CO., 31 and 33 Court Square, Boston, I^ass. IN AND AROUND B0S7^0N. 37 Salem is the county seat of Essex County. A State normal school is located here, and among other institutions are the Essex Institute and the East India Marine Hall. The latter contains the fine ethno- logical museum of the Marine Society. Of the subm-bs south of the Dorchester District, Hyde Par/c is attractively set in the Neponset Valley; Milton is a town of quiet beauty and park-like character, including the wild and picturesque Blue Hills, the greatest elevations in Eastern Massachusetts, which command far-reaching coast and inland views. Qtiincy is famous as the birthplace of two presidents of the United States and the home of several notable families. Its old stone church contains the tombs of the presidents. The public librar}-, known as the Crane ^Memorial, designed by Richardson, is among its features. Concord is a picturesque old town, nineteen miles from Boston, and it may be reached by either the Fitchburg Railway, or the Lowell division of the Boston & Maine Railwa}-. Tourists will find here many objects of historical and literary interest. Concord is revered, not only because " By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April's breeze unfurled. Here once the embattled farmers stood And fired the .shot heard round the world," but because here lived Nathaniel Hawthorne, Thoreau, Emerson, and the lamented Louise Alcott. On the shore of Lake Walden, one of the most beautiful sheets of water in New England, is a pile of stones marking the spot where was located the hut in which Thoreau lived for some time. Haw- thorne wrote in his note-book: " The scenery of Concord, as I beheld it from the summits of the hills, has no very marked characteristics, but has a good deal of quiet beauty in keeping with the river. There are broad and peaceful mead- ows, which I think are among the most satisfying objects in natural scener3^ The heart reposes on them with a feeling that few things else can give, because almost all other objects are abrupt and clearly defined; but a meadow stretches out like a small infinit}-, yet with a secure homeliness which we do not find either in an expanse of water or air. The hills which border these meadows are wide swells of land, or long and gradual ridges, some of them densely covered with woods." 38 HANDY GUIDE IV BOSTON. The places which the visitor will especially enjo}- seeing are the " Old Manse," the Concord Monument, the graves of the British soldiers who fell in the memorable battle of April 19, 1775, and the Davis Museum of relics in the Old Court House. Cemeteries. The cemeteries now in use are all situated in the outskirts of Bos- ton. The Q\ty, several years ago, forbade, by ordinance, all burials in graves within the old cit}- limits. The ancient burying grounds are described in the chapter on " Old Landmarks." The following is a list of the cemeteries now in use in the city, or which have offices in the city: Catholic Cemetery, Roxbur}^ District, Fenwick Street. Cedar Grove, Dorchester District, between Milton, Adams, and Granite streets. East Boston Cemetery, East Boston, Swift, corner Bennington Street. Evergreen Cemetery, Brighton District, near Chestnut Hill Reservoir, Forest Hills Cemetery, Jamaica Plains District, Morton Street. Get/isej7ia?ie Cemetery, West Roxbury District, Brook Farm, Baker Street. Hand-iji-Hand Cemetery, AVest Roxbury District, Grove Street. A Hebrew bur^nng ground. Israelitish Buryijig Ground, East Boston, Byron, corner Homer Street. Mount Auburn Cemetery, in Cambridge and Watertown. Mount Benedict Cemetery, West Roxbury District, Arnold Street. Mount Calvary Cemetery, West Roxbury District, Mount Hope Street, near Canterbury. Mount Hope Cemetery, West Roxbury District, Walk Hill Street. St. Augitstine Cemetery, Dorchester Street, South Boston. Warren Cemetery, Roxbury District, Kearsarge Avenue. \Voodta7vn Cemetery, Everett. The only cemeteries which have more than a locijil interest are Mou7it Auburn and Forest Hills. Mou7it Aiiburn Cemetery, the most widely-known burial-place in this country, is partly in Cambridge and partly in Watertown. It is reached by street cars marked " Cambridge " on dasher, and " Mount Auburn and Newton" on end signs, which, starting from Bowdoin Square, pass along Green, Chambers, and Cambridge streets, West Boston Bridge, Main and Harvard streets, Harvard Square, and Brattle Street. I'his beautiful resting-place of the dead was I IN AXD AROUND BOSTON. 39 consecrated in 1S31. Containing about 125 acres, it has more than thirty miles of avenues and paths. This is the oldest garden cemetery in the United States, and was first established by the ^Massachusetts Horticultural Association, in connection with an experimental garden. The place was first known as Stone's Woods, and was much frequented on account of its rural attractions. The diversified surface, with its wooded hills, quiet vales, and verdure- wreathed ponds, gives unusual opportunities to the landscape archi- tect. On the top of the highest hill is a stone tower, from which an extensive view of the surrounding countr}' is to be had. Mount Auburn is the shrine to which many pilgrims come, because of the eminent dead who are buried here. Passing through the Egyptian entrance gate, and following the first roadway to the left, we reach, after a short walk, the grave of James Russell Lowell, under the shade of a tall hornbeam tree. The grave is simply marked by an old-fashioned slate slab, with angel's head and wings, and bears the following inscription: Sacred to the memory of James Russell Lowell. Born 1819. Died 1891. And of his wife, Marl\ White. Born 1821. Died 1853. And also of his second wife, Frances Duxlap. Born 1825. Died 1885. Near by are the names of two of his children : Blanche, "a lily of a day," 1847, and Rose, 1849. 1850. Ascending the path just beyond to Indian Ridge, directly behind Lowell's grave, at the entrance to Catalpa Path, we stand before a sculptured marble sarcophagus bearing the single name, Longfellow. On the same ridge is Motley's grave, in the Motley family lot. Fol- lowing Catalpa Path, but bearing to the west and crossing Central and Cyprus avenues, we come to the granite Sphinx, by Martin Milmore. This masterly work, the gift of Jacob Bigelow, in 1872, stands in front of the Gothic granite chapel, and is a memorial of those who died for the Union. Leaving the Sphinx and following Cyprus to Walnut Avenue, we approach the tower before mentioned. In the neighborhood of the tower, on Walnut Avenue, is the red stone 40 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. sarcophagus of the great orator, Rufus Choate. Near the tower are also the graves of Edwin Booth (Anemone Path), Charlotte Cushman (Palm Avenue), Charles Sumner (Arethusa Path), and Edward Everett (Magnolia Avenue). Near the base of the tower is Pyrola Path, lead- ing from Walnut Avenue to the Fuller lot, on which is the monument raised to the memory of Margaret Fuller and her husband, the Marquis Ossoli of , Italy. Just beyond, on Bellwort Avenue, is the grave of Aggassiz, marked by a rough-hewn granite boulder, brought from the glacier of the Aar in Switzerland. The grave of Phillips Brooks is on Menoza Path, from Spruce Avenue, a short walk from the chapel. Other interesting graves are those of President Jared Sparks, historian (Garden Avenue); Anson Burlingame (Spruce Avenue), John G. Palfrey, historian (Sweetbriar Path); President Josiah Quincy, (Sweetbriar Path), " Fanny Fern," sister of N. P. Willis (Eglantine Path, leading from Fir to Spruce); James T. Fields (Elder Path, lead- ing from Walnut to Spruce), Rev. William Ellery Channing (Green- briar Path, leading from Pine Avenue), and Henry F. Durant, founder of Wellesley College (Osier Path, leading from Willow Avenue to Indian Ridge Path). Of the statuary at Mount Auburn, that within the chapel is the most noteworthy — the figures, in marble, of John Winthrop, by Horatio Greenough, modeled in 1S56 ; of James Otis, by Thomas Crawford, of the same date ; of John Adams, by Randolph Rogers, 1859; and of Joseph Story, by his son, William W. Story, 1S53. The bronze statue of Nathaniel Bowditch, at the left of the avenue lead- ing from the entrance gates to the chapel, is by Ball Hughes. Forest Hills Cemetery. — This beautiful cemetery is near the Forest Hills Station of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railway, Old Colony division. It is also reached by the Forest Hill line of electric cars. The gateway, constructed of Roxbury stone and Cale- donia freestone, is a unique piece of work. On the front, in golden letters, is the inscription : I AM THE RESURRECTION AND THE LIFE. And on the inner face — He THAT KEEPETH THEE WILL NOT SLUMBER. The grounds of the cemetery are very picturesque, with hills and dales, woods and greensward, and pretty sheets of water. Among its interesting memorials, on the summit of Mount Warren, is the IN AND AROUND BOSTON. 41 tomb of Gen. J1I>1Y BOY. By Sophie May. Uniform with "Wee Lucy." Illustrated. 75 cents. THOIMAS BOOBIG. A complete enough Account of his Life and Singular Dis- appearance. $1.50. RECENTLY PUBLISHED- A Beautiful Cift. BECAUSE I LOVE YOU. Edited by Anna E. Mack. A choice collection of love poems. New edition. Cloth, w^hite and gold, f 1.50. BACK COUNTRY POEIMS. By Sam Walter Foss. Illustrated. Cloth, $1.50. PATIENCE. A Series of Games with Cards. Compiled by Ednah D. Cheney. Enlarged edition. In box with two packs of cards; $1.50. GUIDE TO FISHING, TACKLE IMAKING, AND FISH BREEDING. By John Harrington Keene. New edition. Illustrated. $1.00. THE NEW ENGLAND COUNTRY. Text and Illustrations by CLIFTON JOHNSON. Over 100 views of New England Scenery and Life. Size 75^x11^ inches. Cloth, gilt edges. $2.50. OUR COLONIAL HOIMES. By Samuel Adams Drake, author of "Old Land- marks of Boston," "Decisive Events in American History," etc. Illustrated by twenty half-tone engravings. Cloth, full gilt, gilt edges. Size 7^ x iij^ inches. $2.50. BABY'S KINGDOIM. Wherein may be chronicled as memories for grown-up days the Mother's Story of the Progress of the Baby. Designed and Illus- trated by Annie F. Cox. Cloth, gilt edges, $3.75. Complete Catalogue mailed free. Any of the above sent prepaid, on receipt of pries. LEE & SHEPARD, Publishers, Boston, Mass. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC. 89 second president of the United States. Another recent gift is that of the Hon. Mellen Chamberlain, librarian of the Public Library from 1878 to 1890, who gives a remarkable collection of autographs and manuscripts. Close upon these last-mentioned additions, another valuable contribution to the library's treasures comes in the shape of a collection of musical works, numbering 7,000 volumes, by Mr. Allen A. Brown. The New Library Building. — The building in which this magnifi- cent library is housed is one of the few public buildings in America which may be said to be worthy of its purpose. It is deserving of note that neither individual beneficence nor State or national aid have contributed to its erection. It has been built, and it will be adorned, by the city of Boston for her citizens, who, from the Back Bay millionaire down to the humblest among them, will be entitled to enjoy its treasures of art and literature. Although it has been open but a few months, it has undoubtedly taken the leading place as one of the sights of Boston. In the Italian Rennaissance style of archi- tecture, it is quadrangular in shape and surrounds a court. With its platform, it covers, exclusive of the court, an acre and a half of ground. Its walls are of Milford granite, which has a faint pink tinge, and the roof is of brown Spanish tiles. The chief characteristics of the building are its simplicity and the accenting of the horizontal lines of composition. The front consists of a strongly marked first stor}' supporting an arcaded second story, which is surmounted by a massive and projecting cornice, the whole unbroken for 225 feet. The whole structure rests on a low platform, approached by wide encircling steps, which lifts the library above the level of Copley Square. Above the main entrance, and under the three central windows, are carved medallions bearing the seals of the State, the city, and the library. The three arches of the main portal admit us to a vestibule with Tennessee marble walls and inlaid pavement. The three great doorways open into the entrance hall. The main feature of this hall is the lofty arched ceiling of marble mosaics of white and delicate brown tesserae. The designs are of Rennaissance scrolls suiTounding -tablets, upon which are wrought the names of prominent Americans who have in some way been identified with Boston. The list contains Garrison, Phillips, Sumner, and Mann ; Gray, Bowditch, Agassiz, and Rumford ; Stuart, Copley, Allston, and Bulfinch ; Motley, Prescott, and Bancroft ; Story, Shaw, Webster 90 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. and Choate ; Eliot and Mather, Channing and Parker ; Longfellow, Hawthorne, Peirce, Adams, Emerson, and Franklin. The floor of this hall is in white and Breccia marbles, inlaid with brass. At the foot of the stairway the design in the inlay is a laurel wreath sur- rounding the names of the benefactors of the library — Bates, Everett, Quincy, Bigelow, Vattemare, Jewett, and Winthrop. Opposite the entrance rises a monumental staircase, the steps of Echaillon marble, and the sides of richly colored Siena marble in large sheets. At the wide landing, guarding the stairs on either side, are the couchant marble lions, by St. Gaudens. These were the gifts of the 2d and 20th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, in memory of their comrades who fell in the Civil War. At the landing double oak doors open upon a balcony which overlooks the interior court. From the landing the staircase branches into two stately flights that end upon a columned gallery, which at either end is continued into lobbies. That on the right leads to the waiting-room; that on the left to the room for relics. The gallery also opens directly into Bates Hall, the great general reading-room, which stretches across the whole front of the building, and is lighted by its main range of windows. This noble room, 217 feet in length, 42 feet in breadth, and 50 feet to the crown of its barrel-vaulted ceiling, containing half a million books, speaks eloquently of the multitude of readers the library serves. The central court is inclosed by the four wings of the building, and is entered through the Boylston Street portal. It is encircled on three sides by graceful columnar arcades of marble, above which rise walls of yellowish brick, warm and rich in tone. The calm, pure beauty of its shadowy arcades, the nobility of its solid upper walls, and its air of cloistered seclusion, make it one of the most impressive features of the building. Seats will be provided beneath its arcades and under protecting awnings, and during the warm months of the year it will be an ideal place for study. " Its projectors knew," says a recent writer, " that architectural beauty can not be completed without the help of the sister arts ; that a worthy house for Boston's books could not be built unless painter and sculptor should give the architect their aid. But they also knew that the building's mission was to spread and encourage knowledge ; they felt that an intimate acquaintance with beauty is one of the most precious and fructifying kinds of knowledge ; and, realizing that EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC. 91 this, in most of its branches, can not be acquired from books, they determined to reinforce the voice of books with the voice of art itself." Decorations. — It will be long before the work of decorating Bos- ton's library is complete ; but a great beginning has been made. There are still to come the immense sculptured groups by St. Gaudens, the bronze doors by French, the colossal stairway decorations by Puvis de Chavannes, and the fountain by Macmonnies, not to mention the large areas of wall and ceiling ultimately to be decorated by the leading painters of America. The decorations by Puvis de Chavannes, representing the Muses greetmg the Getiius of Enlighteii7ne7it, are finished and will soon be in the panels and line the gallery of the staircase hall. The com- position is divided in the upper part into five high arches, to corre- spond to those on the wall where it will be placed. In the center of the lower part the panel is interrupted by the frame of a door, over which it is to be set in the stairway of the library. The artist has made the most of these architectural features. His foreground consists of the turfy summit of a cliff, beyond which the eye perceives the open sea. Interspersed here and there in the greensward are heather and oak plants, while the crest of the cliff is bordered with a transparent curtain of young trees, the light contours of which stand clearly out upon the cerulean mass of the ocean. In the center of the composition a naked youth, representing the Genius of Enlightenment, with extended wings, rests upon clouds, his outstretched hands holding rays of light. To the right and left the yellowish white sky, studded with opaline gleams, dominates the deep blue sea. In the distant horizon, projecting their noble forms upon the pale gold sky, the Nine Muses, chastely draped, rise from both sides of the grassy turf, tuning their lyres and offering palms to the Genius. Some of the Muses take their flight from the soil; others float upon the azure with a graceful unrestraint, like divine butter- flies, their white draperies loosely adjusted. One of these Muses, at the left, is exquisite. Raising gently the long veil that covered her sleeping head, she awakes, and mounts straight in the heavens, as though impelled by an unknown force. The door-frame occupies the center of the turf, and at each side is an allegorical figure, two statues representing Contemplation and Study, who mount guard at both sides of the door and form a natural 92 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. transition between the ideal landscape and the reality. The first figure is meditative and thoughtful ; the other fixes her regard upon a book that she holds open upon her knees. Edwin A. Abbey's frieze for the delivery-room is only half com- pleted. The subject of these pictorial presentations is" The Quest of the Holy Grails 1. The first represents the appearance of the Grail to the infant Galahad, who has been left, after the death of his mother, a descendant of Joseph of Arimathea, in a secluded convent to be brought up by the nuns. The holy maid, who holds the babe aloft in her arms, feels the presence of the vision, but she does not see it. The angel bearing the Grail floats upon widespread wings in celestial white. 2. The second picture shows the young Galahad, in his red robe, kneeling in the convent chapel at the close of the all-night vigil which he is required to keep before starting out on his adventures. Perceval and Bors kneel behind Galahad, fastening his spurs. They are dressed in chain-armor, with low-pointed helmets. 3. The third painting represents the Round Table of King Arthur. The vast circular hall, blazing with light, is filled with knights, each in his appointed seat, and all holding up the hilts of their swords, as if to swear to some great vow. The king stands, dressed in royal purple and gold, under a rich baldachin, with grotesque Celtic heads carved upon it, and pillars of mosaicked marble, like those in the churches of Salerno and Ravello. One seat alone is vacant, the chair of destiny, in which whoever sits must lose himself. An aged man enters, leading Galahad, whom he proclaims as the hero who shall achieve the adventures of the Holy Grail. 4. In the fourth painting we see knights, composing the host of the Grail, under the leadership of Galahad, assembled in the cathedral to receive the episcopal benediction before setting out on their wanderings. 5. The fifth and last completed painting in the series repre- sents the castle of Amfortas, the Fisher King of the legend, who has been wounded centuries ago for his failure to keep the law of purity, which is binding on the Guardian of the Holy Grail. Under an enchantment, he and his court are sustained by a Martin L. Hall 6l Co. Wholesale Grocers 13 AND 14 SOUTH MARKET, 33 AND 34 CHATHAM STS., A. J. ADAMS. FRED P. VIRGIN. CHAS. G. BURGESS. Boston. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION'S, LIBRARIES, ETC. 93 shadowy life, while the procession of the Grail passes nightly before their eyes. They can not be released by death until the unstained hero comes into the castle, and, by asking the meaning of the Holy Grail, breaks the spell. Galahad has arrived at the Court of the Wounded King, and is surrounded by its unearthly inhabitants. Amfortas lies in the center upon his couch, which is an ancient Celtic coffin, with a bear's skin thrown over it. His eyes are fixed on the procession of the Grail, which passes before him. Galahad stands absorbed in the wonder of the vision, but fails to ask the question by which alone the spell can be dis- solved, and the quest of the Grail be achieved. John S. Sargent's decorations will depict the " Religiotts of the World'' The work now finished is but a fragment in a scheme of decoration which is to occupy all the available space in the large, lofty, and narrow hall, with a barrel vaulted ceiling at the top of the building. The present decorations have for their theme the confusion which fell upon the children of Israel when they turned from the worship of Jehovah to that of the false gods of heathen nations. The composition in the lunette represents the children of Israel beneath the yoke of their oppressors, 'into whose hands the Lord had delivered them. On the left stands the Egyptian, Pharaoh; on the right the Assyrian king, both monarchs with arms uplifted to strike with scourge and sword. The Israelites, naked in their slavery, bow in submission; their central figure lifts his arms in prayer for deliverance, and behind the yoke a multitude of sup- plicating hands are raised in imploration to the Lord, to whom his repentant people are making burnt-offering upon the altar. He has heard their prayer; flaming seraphim fly before the face of the Lord, and supply a superb decorative motive with the crimson of their wings, which alone symbolize their presence. His face is invisible, but His mighty arms reach down from the cloud and stay the hands of the oppressors. Behind the Assyrian king stands a protecting genius, with the body of a man and the head of a vulture, holding in one hand a bow, and in the other two arrows. Beside this figure is the Assyrian lion, with two ravens attacking a prostrate corpse. The things symbolize the Assyrian cultus. Among the deities attending the Egyptian monarch is one with a lion's head and wings of black and gold. Prostrate victims 9 94 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. beneath the feet of both Assyrians and Egyptians represent the other nations that were oppressed by them. The Assyrian ravens are balanced on the Egyptian side by vultures preying upon the dead. In the ceiling are represented the pagan deities, the strange gods whom the children of Israel went after when they turned from Jehovah. Underlying all the figures that populate the ceiling is the gigantic, dark, and shadowy form of the great goddess, Neith, the mother of the universe, the goddess whose temple at Sais, in Lower Egypt, was once the center of wisdom for Greece. The feet of Neith touch the cornice on one side, her uplifted hands that of the other, and her overarching figure constitutes the firmament, whose stars are seen through the ring of the zodiac , which forms a collar for the goddess. The third great division of the work is the frieze of the Prophets. This symbolizes the foundation of the religion of Israel upon the structure of the law. Moses is the central figure, and, in his priestly robes and symbols, is treated conventionally to tyj^ify the authority upon which the faith is based. Moses, with the tablets of the Com- mandments, is modeled in strong relief ; the other Prophets are painted on a plane surface. On the right of Moses stands Daniel; on the left, Joshua. The other Prophets, in their order from left to right, are Zephaniah, Joel, Obadiah, Hosea, Amos, Nahum, Ezekiel, Jeremiah, Jonah, Isaiah, Habakkuk, Micah, Haggai, Malachi, and Zachariah. Other Libraries. The Boston Athenaeum Building is on Beacon Street, between Tremont and Park streets, and is a freestone structure in the later Italian style of architecture, which was built over fifty 5^ears ago. The Athenaeum originated in a literary club, formed among a set of young men, in 1804, called the Anthology Club, which, for a while, edited and published a magazine called the Monthly Anthology. In 1806 they established a reading-room, and a year later obtained an act of incorporation under the present title. For some years the club sus- tained a library, a museum of natural history, and an art gallery. But the founding of other societies devoted to these different objects, led the Athenseum to transfer to them its various collections, retain- ing only its valuable library and a few pictures, busts, and statues for decoration. Here will be found a delightful reading-room, and, while the right to use it is confined to the shareholders and their fam- ilies, great liberality is shown to scholars and strangers, who are EDUCATIOIVAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC. 95 always welcomed with courtesy. The library contains 177,298 vol- umes, many of them valuable and rare. One of its most interesting collections is the library of George Washington, purchased, in 184S, at a cost of $5,000. The scientific library of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences — founded in 1780 — is here, and occupies the east- ern room on the lower floor. The Washington statue, in the vestibule, is by Houdon, and is a copy of that at Richmond, Va. (See Ameri- can Academy of Arts and Sciences, Chapter VIII.) The Boston Medical Library Association occupies the house at No. 19 Boylston Place. Here are reading-rooms, a hall for the meet- ings of the leading medical societies of the city, and the library of nearly 20,000 volumes and 12,000 pamphlets. This library receives regularly over 300 periodicals. The Congregational Library is to be found in the Congregational House, corner of Somerset and Beacon streets. It contains, in the regular series, over 30,000 volumes. It is open to all for reference. The General Theological Library, No. 6 Mount Vernon Street, contains 15,000 volumes, generally of a theological or religious char- acter. There is a fine reading-room in connection with it. The Library of the Massachusetts Historical Society is housed in the society's rooms on Tremont Street, next to the Boston Museum Building. The library contains nearly 37,000 books, 94,000 pamj^hlets, and 738 bound volumes of manuscripts, besides several thousand single manuscripts. Among the treasures of the library is the Dowse collection of Americana, bequeathed to the society by the late Thomas Dowse of Cambridge. Here, also, is to be found the largest collection in the country of books relating to the Civil War. Among the valuable manuscripts are the letters and pajDers of Timothy Pick- ering, Gen. William Heath, the Trumbull and Belknap papers, manuscripts relating to the French in Canada, and two volumes of John Winthrop's Journal. The Library of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society contains about 25,000 volumes and 70,000 pamphlets. It is located in the rooms of the society, at 18 Somerset Street, just below Ashburton Place. The library and archives of the society are freely open to the public, and are much utilized by persons hunting up their genealogies. The Natural History Museum Library, in the building of the Boston Natural History Society, Boylston Street, corner of Berkeley, contains over 20,000 volumes. 96 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. The State Library of Massachusetts occupies quarters in the State House. It is composed largely of volumes of statutes of the different States, Territories, and the United States; the acts of the British Parliament, and the French Archives Parlimentaires; and it also contains valuable legal documents, law rej^orts, works on politi- cal economy, education, and social science. The number of volumes is over 10,000. The library is open daily for the use of the G<)vernor and other officers of the State, members of the Legislature, and the general public, under certain conditions. All persons may use it for consultation or reference. Its conduct is under the direction of a board of trustees. The Social Law Library is in the court house, on Court Square. It was incorporated in 1814, and contains 20,000 law books. The library is open, under certain conditions, to members of the bar and other professional men. The Museum of Fine Arts. The Museum of Fine Arts was founded in 1870, and was opened in the building of the Boston Athenteum. Its substantial, but some- what gaudy, building is at the corner of St. James Avenue and Dart- mouth Street, and faces Copley Square. The first section of this building was opened in 1876, and three years later the fagade on Cop- ley Square was finished. In i8go the building was increased to nearly double its original size, and extensive improvements made in the older parts, at a cost of over $250,000, contributed by generous citizens. The architecture is the Italian Gothic, and the material brick, with moldings, copings, and trimmings of red and buff terra- cotta, imported from England. The building forms a quadrangle surrounding an inner court, and, eventually, it will cover twice the present area by successive extensions toward the south. Two large reliefs on the fagade represent two allegorical compositions: "The Genus of Art" and "Art and Industry." The main front has a pro- jecting portico in the center, with polished granite columns. The institution has been entirely supported by the generosity of its friends, and by private subscriptions. The only gift it has received from the city or State is the land which it occupies. The nucleus of the collection was formerly the property of the Athenaeum, and consisted of paintings and casts, and a few gifts from citizens. When the museum was opened, the collection of casts was in- EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC. 97 creased by a number purchased with the proceeds of a sale of pictures, bequeathed by Charles Sumner, and by other gifts. At the present time the casts number nearly 1,000. The museum has grown, in twenty-five years, to be one of the great museums of the world. In the department of Eastern art, and especially Japanese art, it is very strong. In the department of classical antiquities, and in the department of prints, it has no rival in this country. Six galleries are devoted to the collection of pictures in oil and water-colors, containing many productions of the early American and modern French schools. Ten galleries and corridors are devoted to the immense collection of casts from the antique. Three cabinets are devoted to exhibitions of engravings. There are galleries of textile arts, of pottery and porcelains, of bronzes, jewelry, coins, and metal work; of wood-carvings, of ivory carv- ings, of furniture, arms and armor, tapestries, glass, etc., and there is a rich collection of Egyptian art. The museum contains the school of drawing and painting, with a faculty of seven instructors, and an extensive library of art books. The administration is vested in a board of trustees, repre- senting Harvard University, the Boston Athenaeum, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, comprising, also, ex-officio the mayor, the superintendent of schools, a trustee of the Lowell Institute, the president of the trustees of the Public Library, and the secretary of the State Board of Education. Recent bequests have provided a fund of $100,000 for the pur- chase of modern paintings. The first investments under these bequests have been a portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Eugene Delacroix's " Lion Hunt." At the same time the department of classical antiquities secured the best collection of Greek vases ever brought to the United States. The museum is open free to the public on Saturdays and Sundays; on other da^-s a fee of 25 cents is charged. Sunday is the great day for the crowd; the poorer people then turn out in vast numbers, and throng all the galleries and cabinets. The behavior of the visitors on these occasions has never been otherwise than admirable. It would be impossible to thoroughly enjoy the collections without the two valuable historical and descriptive catalogues, which may be had at the entrance for 25 cents. VII. CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS AND BENEVOLENT WORK. Sunday in Boston. — The Puritan Sunday is a matter of history, which it is as hard for the present generation to understand as the religious persecution which darkens the early annals of this fair town. We may turn from the old laws, which forbade any work "except for necessity or charity," to a Sunday edition of one of the great daily newspapers, and read that one of Boston's prominent clergymen will hold a special service of morning prayer for the benefit of those persons who wish to spend the remainder of the day in the enjoyment of out-door life and recre- ation. It is not that Boston has grown to be a wicked city; quite the reverse. It only proves that her intellectual and, spiritual development have, like her material growth, been upon broad and humanitarian lines; and that the mental, moral, and physical needs of individuals are considered together. It is certainly more Christlike to send the weary toiler from the shop or factory for a run on the bicycle through the green fields, for a sail on the blue waters of the bay, or for a stroll with wife and children through the beautiful parks, than to confine him in the house from sundown Saturday night until Monday morning, with no change except to the hard seats of the meeting-house, and the long, doctrinal sermons of the early fathers. And so, while the day is generally observed, and the services of the many churches are well attended, healthful recreation is not only permitted, but provided, by the city govern- ment. The means and principal places of worship will be de- scribed below; in addition to them, irregular services may be found advertised in the newspapers, where, also, the hours of meeting and the subject of the next day's sermons are announced for many of the leading churches. The Museum of Fine Arts and the (98) CHURCHES. 99 Public Library are open during the usual hours. Most, if not all, of the excursion boats which, in summer, ply between Boston and the seaside resorts, make their ordinary trips, and these places are more crowded upon this than upon any other day of the week. The parks offer unrivaled facilities for quiet enjoyment, and are easily reached by electric cars from different parts of the city. All places for the sale of liquor are closed by law during the twenty-four hours from midnight of Saturday to midnight of Sun- day, and business generally is suspended. Protestant Cliurclies. Every denomination of Christians is represented in Boston. There are nearly 300 places of worship in the city, and in all of them strangers are welcome, and are cheerfully provided with seats, so long as there are any vacant. Services in the Protestant churches begin in the morning, generally at 10.30 ; and in the evening at 7.30. The Roman Catholic churches celebrate high mass and vespers at about the same hour. Nothing is implied in the order in which the denominations are mentioned herein, except that it seems suitable to begin with the oldest. The Congregational Unitarian denomination has the honor of possessing the oldest Protestant organization in Boston. The First Church of Boston was organized by John Winthrop, Thomas Dud- ley, and other leaders of the Colonists, in Charlestown, under a great oak, in the summer of 1630. It was given the name of the " First Church of Christ in Boston," when they moved over to the neighbor- ing peninsula. The first meeting-house, with mud walls and thatched roof, stood on the south side of State Street, about where Brazer's Building now stands. The present edifice, on the corner of Berkeley and Marlborough streets, is the fourth building occupied by this society. It is a highly ornamented stone building, with a rich and tasteful interior. It seats about 1,000 persons. John Wilson was the first minister of the church, and John Cotton the second. It became Unitarian toward the close of the long service of Charles Chauncy, who was minister from 1727 to 1787. Rev. William Emer- son, father of Ralph Waldo Emerson, was minister from 1799 to 1811. Rev. Rufus Ellis was pastor from 1853 until his death, September 23, 1885. Present pastor. Rev. Stopford Wentworth Brooke. The second church established in Boston is represented by the 100 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. Seco7id Unitariaji Cku7'ch, in Copley Square. The society was organized in 1649, ^'^^ ^^^ occupied six different meeting-houses. In the belfry of the third meeting-house hung the first bell cast in Boston, made by Paul Revere, in 1792. The first minister of the church was Rev. John Mayo. Rev. Increase Mather was the second, his service covering fifty-nine years (1664- 1723). During the greater portion of this period. Cotton Mather was his colleague (1685-1728) ; and Samuel Mather was minister from 1732 to 1741. The first Unitarian minister was Rev. John Lathrop (1768-1816). Succeeding pastors were Revs. Henry Ware, Jr., Ralph Waldo Emerson, Chand- ler Robbins, Robert Laird Collier, and Edward A. Horton. Present pastor, Rev. Thomas Van Ness, installed in 1893. Another prominent church of this denomination is the Church of the Disciples, on Warren Avenue, which was founded by the late James Freeman Clarke, in 1841, " to embody the three principles of a free church, a social church, and a church in which the members, as well as the pastor, should take part." Rev. Charles G. Ames is the present pastor. The present meeting-house was dedicated in 1869. The Chin'ch of the Unity, on West Newton Street, near Tre- mont, of which the Rev. Minot J. Savage is the pastor, dates from 1857, and is one of the most active churches in the city in the prose- cution of all good works. The Arlington Street Church, on the corner of Arlington and Boylston streets, is a successor of the old Federal Street Church, organized in 1724, under the Presbyterian form. It became Unitarian in 1786. The exterior of the building is plain, with a well-proportioned tower and steeple, placed in the middle of the front. The interior is modeled after the Church of S. Annunziata, at Genoa, by Giacomo Delia Porta. A fine range of Corinthian columns divides it into a nave and two aisles. In the tower is hung a chime of sixteen bells, a gift from the late Jonathan Phillips. The list of pastors of the church is short and distinguished : Belknap, John S. Popkin, Wm. Ellery Channmg, Ezra S. Gannett (first as associate with Channing from 1824 until the latter's death), John F. W. Ware, Brooke Herford, and John Cuckson, the present pastor. Congregational Trinitarian. — This denomination stands at the head of Protestant organizations in Boston in the number of its churches. Among its forty-two societies, that of the Old South is the most ancient. [For description of the Old South Meeting-House, see Chapter IV.] This was the third church established in Boston, and ARLINGTON STREET CHURCH — Corner Boylston and Arlington Streets. SKINNER&ARNOLD No. 28 Faneuil Hall Square BOSTON, MASS. WHOLESALE and RETAIL DEALERS IN CHOICE . CUTS OF . Swift's Chicago Dressed Beef... Pork, Lard, Hams, Bacon, Tripe, Tongues, Pigs Feet, etc. HOTEL AND RESTAURANT SUPPLIES . TELEPHONE CONNECTION CHURCHES. 101 was "gathered" in 1669. Its present home, the New Old South Church, is the costly and imposing edifice on Boylston, corner of Dartmouth Street, and is one of the striking features of Copley Square. It is built of Roxbury and Ohio stone, in the Northern Italian Gothic style of architecture. It is cruciform, and has a great tower which rises 240 feet. From this tower an arcade, which shelters memorial tablets, extends to the south transept. Along the walls is a belt of gray sandstone, on which are carved the representations, vines, and fruit, among which animals and birds are seen. Over the center of the edifice rises a large lantern of gilded copper, with twelve windows. The interior is finished in cherry-wood and frescoed. The stained- glass window back of the pulpit represents the announcement of Christ's birth to the shepherds. The south transept window illustrates the five parables ; that in the north transept, the five miracles, and those in the nave, the prophets and apostles. Over the doorways are three panels of Venetian mosaic. The present pastor is Rev. George A. Gordon. Park Street Church, marking the corner of Tremont and Park streets, was built in 1809. This was the first Congrega- tional Trinitarian church established after the great Unitarian movement which caused such a breaking up of lines in orthodox ranks. In the early days the singing of the Park Street choir, com- posed of fifty singers, with flute, bassoon, and violoncello accompani- ment, was an attractive feature of the Sunday service. Rev. Isaac J. Lansing is the pastor. Berkeley Temple, corner of Berkeley Street and Warren Avenue, is another active society of this faith. It main- tains many philanthropic enterprises. Episcopalian. — The first church of this faith established in Boston was King's Chapel, and the second old Christ Church. [For history and description of these churches see Old Landmarks, Chapter IV.] Trinity Church, third Protestant Episcopal church in Boston, was founded in 1728. The present beautiful church edifice in Copley Square is the third building occupied by the society. The building is considered the masterpiece of the great architect, Richardson, and it is open to visitors every day, except Sunday, from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. The architecture is the French Romanesque. Its shape is that of a Latin cross, with a semicircular apse added to the eastern arm and short transepts. The massive central tower is supported by four piers, close to the angles of the building, and stands on the square at the intersection of nave and transepts. The finial on the tower is 211 feet 102 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. from the ground. The stone of which the walls of the church are constructed is yellowish Dedham and Westerly granite, with freestone trimmings. The vestibules are finished in oak and ash, and the interior of the church in black walnut. The clear-story is carried by an arcade of two arches. Above the aisles a gallery is carried across the arches, which is called the " triforium " gallery, and connects the three main galleries, one across each transept, and the third across the west end of the nave. The chancel is 57 feet deep and 53 feet wide. It contains beautiful stained memorial windows, a brass lectern, and a marble font.* The decorative work of the interior is by John La Farge. In the great tower are painted colossal figures of David and Moses, Peter and Paul, Isaiah and Jeremiah, with scriptural scenes high above. In the nave is a fresco of Christ and the Samaritan woman. The building is 160 feet long and 120 feet wide at the transepts. It rests upon 4,500 piles. The great tower weighs over 18,000,000 tons. The chapel is connected with the church by an open cloister. The cost of Trinity, land and building, was $750,000. Trinity Church has had many famous rectors, among them Revs. Samuel Parker, second Bishop of Massachusetts; John Sylvester, John Gardiner, one of the founders of the Athenaeum; J. W. Doane, afterward Bishop of New Jersey, and founder of Burlington College; John W. Hopkins, after- ward first Bishop of Vermont; Manton Eastburn, fourth Bishop of Massachusetts, and Phillips Brooks, sixth Bishop of Massachusetts. Phillips Brooks' service as rector covered a period of twenty-two years (1869-91). Present rector. Rev. E. W. Donald, installed in 1892. In the busiest part of Tremont Street, surrounded by modern busi- ness buildings, rise the gray granite walls of St. Paul's Church, the fourth Episcopal society of Boston. It was built in 1820, and, at that time, "seemed to be a triumph of architectural beauty." Fea- tures of the interior are the memorial tablets and the high, old-fash- ioned pews. The present rector of the church is Rev. John S. Lindsay. The Church of the Advent, on the corner of Mount Vernon and Brimmer streets, is of the High Church school. The exquisite music which is rendered by the boy choir of this church is a feature of the Sunday services. There are three services daily throughout the year. The church is open at all times for private prayer. Rev. W. P. Frisby is the rector. There are thirty-three churches of the Protestant Episcopal faith in Boston. KING'S CHAPEL — Corner Tremont and School Streets. ALEX. M. POWELL, |V|anufacturing[ Confectioner 150 and 152 Chambers Street, New York. U. S. ARAMELS. ih Grade Go( A Specialty. High Grade Goods • • ~7°\~ CHURCHES. 10. The Baptist Church in Boston goes back to the days of religions persecution, the first society of the Colony having been established in Charlestown in 1665. It was soon driven to Noddle's Island, now East Boston, which then contained but one dwelling. The first meet- ing-house was built at the North End, in Boston, on the corner of Salem and Stillman streets, in 1679. The First Baptist Chio'ch, on the corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Clarendon Street, is the descendant of that society. The church building was designed by the late H. H. Richardson for the society of the Brattle Square Church, and it was purchased by the First Baptist Society in 18S2. The main feature of the church is the massive square tower, which is 176 feet high. On the frieze, between the belfry arches and the cornice, are colossal figures in high relief, which were carved by Italian sculptors, from designs by Bartholdi, after the stone had been put in position. The groups represent the four Christian eras. Baptism, Communion, Marriage, and Death. The statues at the corners of the tower typify the Angels of the Judgment blowing their trumpets. The building is in the form of a Greek cross, and the interior is lighted by three rose windows. The Rev. Philip S. Moxom is the pastor. The Union Temple Church, a Free Baptist church, was organized in 1839, ^iid long established in Tremont Temple, which was burned in 1893, and has been succeeded by the new Tremont Temple. Dr. George Lorrimer, the present incumbent, has been twice pastor of the church. The Methodist Episcopal church has thirty-two organizations within the cit}-. The Tremont Methodist Church, on the corner of Tremont and West Concord streets, is the finest church building belonging to this denomination in the city. It is in the plain Gothic style, and is constructed of Roxbury stone. The churches of this denomination are to be found in every part of the city, and they are in the van in all missionary and charitable work. Presbyterianism has not kept pace with other religious sects in Boston, and at present has but nine church organizations. The First Presbyteriati Church, Berkeley Street, corner of Columbus Avenue; the First Reforined Presbyterian Church, on Ferdinand, corner of Isabella Street, and the Scotch Presbyterian Church, on Warrenton Street, are among the more prominent societies of the denomination in the city. 104 H.-iXnV GUIDE TO BOSTO.V. Of Universalist churches Boston has but ten. The first church was on School Street. Its site is now occupied by the School Street Block. Their present house of worship is on Guild Row, corner of Dudley Street. The Seco/itf l'/i/7'crsci//s/ ChiircJi is on Columbus Averiie, corner of Clarendon Street. This has boon the pulpit of Rev. Dr. Alonzo A. Miner since 1848. Ilis predecessor was Rev. Edwin H. Chapin. the famous preacher and lecturer. The Israelitish population of the city is centered in the old North End, and most of their synagogues, numbering thirteen, are located in that part of the town. The oldest Jewish society, that of the " Ohabei Shalom," has for its synagogue the old South Congrega- tional Church at 11 Union Park Street. The Temple of Adath Israel is on Columbus Avenue, corner of Northampton Street. It is a handsome Romanesque building of brick, brown stone, and terra-cotta, and contains six hundred sittings. It is the principal synagogue in Boston. Some miscellaneous churches should be mentioned. The Work- ing Union of Progressive Spiritualists occupy the "Spiritual Temple," corner of Exeter and Newbury streets. This is the lirst meeting-house for Spiritualists erected in the city. It was built in 1885, and its cost. $250,000, was met by ^lai'cellus J. Ayer, a wealthy merchant. The oldest Swede nborgian CJiureh in the city is a pic- turesque Gothic house on Bowdoin Street. This society was organized in iSiS. The Salvation Army has meeting places at 7 Green Street. and 205S Washington Street. The People's C/inre/i, corner of Colum- bus Avenue and Berkeley Street, is a free church, and the aim of its supporters is to make it attractive to all classes of people. The seat- ing capacity is from three to four thousand. This church was largely the conception of the Rev. J- W. Hamilton, a Methodist clergyman. The CJtristiau Scientists occupy the First CliureJi of C/irist, on Fal- mouth Street, corner of Norway. The Latter Day Saints worship at 1S21 Washington Street. The t-^riends' Meeting House is on Townsend, near Warren Street, Roxbury District. The SeventJi Day Adveniists are located at 26 Union Park Street. Koinaii Catholic Churolios. Roman Catholicism met with many obstacles in its efforts to gain a foothold in Boston. But. when once established, its growth was steady and rapid, and to-day it probably leads all other sects in the TRINITY CHURCH — Boylston and Clarendon Streets. 10 GREAT WESTERN CHAMPAGNE. A Natural, Genuine Champagne of the Finest Quality Produced in America. CHURCHES. 105 number of its communicants. It has forty-two churches, outnumber- ing, in this particular, every Protestant denomination except the Congregational Trinitarian. In all charitable and benevolent work, it is fully abreast of the times. Mass was first celebrated in Boston in November, 1788, in a building Avhich stood on the present site of the School Street Building. This was the old Huguenot meeting- house, built in 1704. Afterward it became the meeting-house of a congregation of independent worshipers, and, finally, the first Cath- olic church. The CatJiedj-al of the Holy Cross, on the corner of Washington and Maiden streets, is the largest and most noteworthy Catholic church in New England. It is constructed of the variegated Rox- bury stone, and the architecture is the early English Gothic. The massive towers will eventually be surmounted by spires, respectively 300 and 200 feet high. The cathedral, with its chapels, covers more than an acre of ground, and it has a seating capacity of 3,500. The interior of the church is divided by rows of bronzed pillars, which support a high clear-story and an open timber roof. The large win- dows are filled with stained glass, representing various scriptural scenes and characters. The chancel windows show the Crucifixion, the Nativity, and the Ascension; and those of the transept, each covering 800 square feet, represent the " Finding of the True Cross," and the " Exaltation of the Cross," by the Emperor Heraclius, after its recovery from the Persians. The nave is 125 feet high. Beneath it are class-rooms, chapels, and a crypt for the burial of bishops. The chancel contains a beautiful altar of variegated marble. The organ, which is built around the rose window on the west side, is one of the finest instruments in the country. It has 5,292 pipes and 100 stops. At the northeast corner of the building is the beautiful Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, containing the altar of the first Boston cathedral, which stood on Franklin Street. At the southeast corner is the Chapel of the Blessed Virgin, and in this is the costly marble statue of the Virgin. In the cathedral yard is a bronze statue of Columbus, by Alois Buyens. It is a replica of the San Domingo monument. It represents the explorer in the attitude of giving thanks, the left hand raised, and the right pointing to the globe at his side. The figure and pedestal are twenty-five feet high. The man- sion-house of the archbishop and the chief offices of the denomi- nation are on Union Park Street, at the rear of the cathedral. 106 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. The Church of the Immaculate Conception is on Harrison Avenue, corner of East Concord Street. The church was begun in 1857, and completed in 186 1. It is a solid structure of granite, without tower or spire. Above the entrance is a statue of the Virgin Mary, while above all stands a statue of the Saviour. The interior is very- fine. It is finished mainly in white, except at the altar end, where the ornamentation is exceedingly rich. On the keystone of the chan- cel arch is a bust representing Christ; on the opposite arch, over the choir gallery, one representing the Virgin, and on the capitals of the columns are busts of the saints of the Society of Jesus. On the panels of the rich marble altar the life of the Virgin is sculptured; and on either side of the structure are 'three Corinthian columns, with entablatures and broken arches, surmounted by statues of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin, the whole terminated by a silver cross, with an angel on each side. On the right of the broken arch is a figure of St. Ignatius, and on the opposite side one of St. Francis Xavier. The painting of the Crucifixion, behind the altar, is by Garibaldi of Rome. In the center of the elliptic dome, over the chancel, is a dove with outspread wings. The two side chapels within the chancel are dedicated to St. Joseph and St. Aloysius. Other Religious Org-anizations. There are a great number of missionary and religious societies, both unsectarian and denominational, which do a beneficent work in the city. Some of these are national in character; others purely local. Among these may be mentioned the Boston Deaf Miete Society, at 458 Boylston Street, which provides a meeting-place and preaching in sign language, free to all deaf mutes ; the Clark Street Mission, which aids and protects discharged prisoners ; the City Missio7iary Society, corner of Beacon and Somerset streets, which provides moral and religious instruction for the poor ; the Episcopal City Mission of Boston, No. i Joy Street, which does missionary work in the hospitals and prisons, among the sailors, and meets the steamers bringing steerage passengers, and sends visitors into the densely populated portions of the city to labor for the spiritual wel- fare of the poor; the St. Vincent de Paul Society, 17 Worcester Street, which is active in a variety of religious and charitable work ; the North End iMission, 20 Parmenter Street, a society for the eleva- tion of the poor at the North End ; the Utiion Rescue Mission, 34 RELIGIOUS AND BENEVOLENT WORK. 107 Kneeland Street, engaged in aiding and lifting up poor, fallen humanity ; the United Society of Christian Endeavor, 646 Washing- ton Street, a religious society, composed of members of evangelical churches, for the training and guiding of young Christians ; the Order of tJie King's Daughters, 7 Temple Place, organized to do "anything that helps another human being to be better and happier, and to develop spiritual life and stimulate Christian activity;" and the Massachusetts Bible Society, 12 Bosworth Street, sells or distributes, gratuitously, Bibles and Testaments. Societies for Social Iiiiproveinent. The Boston Young Men's Christian Association occupies a handsome building on the corner of Bo^-lston and Berkeley Streets. The object of this society is to provide a homelike resort, with good influences, for young men. The building contains attractive parlors, reception-rooms, reading, game, and class rooms, halls for lectures, and a thoroughly equipped gymnasium. Membership in this associ- ation is open to men over fifteen of any religious belief. The Boston Young Men's Christian Union, 45 Boylston Street, is open to young men, over sixteen, of any color or sect. It incites its members to religious and mental culture, and to practical philan- thropy. The building has reception-rooms, parlors, a study, library, class and reading rooms, a fine gymnasium, and three public halls. In the largest of these halls — the Union — there are 500 seats, and it has a stage and appliances suitable for amateur dramatic perform- ances. The Boston Young Men's Hebrew Association, 68 Springfield Street, is open evenings. It is devoted to the social and moral ad- vancement of young men. The Young Woman's Christian Association, No. 40 Berkeley Street, was established m 1866. Its object is "to care for the tem- poral, moral, and religious welfare of young women who are depend- ent upon their own exertion for support, and to help them in such a way that their self-respect shall not be hurt." It maintains a lodging, house, restaurant, a training-school for domestics, a school of domes- tic science, evening classes for working girls in dress-cutting, dress- making, millinery, cooking, typewriting, stenography, and a normal school of physical education, an employment bureau, and a business agency for the various employments open to women. 108 HAXDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. The Women's Educational and Industrial Union, 204 Boylston Street, was established in iSSo, and has for its object "to increase fellowship among women, and promote practical methods fen- their educational, industrial, and social advancement." It maintains a reading-room free to all women of any race or creed: library, classes in bookkeeping. g\nnnastics, embroidery, millinery, drawing, music, language, etc.; lectures and entertainments on Wednesday evenings in winter, free to men and women; religious meetings on Sunday, for women only, and health talks, by women physicians, twice a week. An agency of direction gives information as to boarding- houses, summer resorts, schools, etc. A befriending committee visits the sick. In the lunch-room a simple bill of fare, at moderate prices, is presented, and women can bring their own lunch to eat here without purchasing. Charities and Hospitals. Hospitals. — Boston is one of the foremost cities in the country in the number and equipment of her hospitals. A stranger suffering from illness or accident ought to feel no hesitation in availing him- self of the comfort and care provided by these institutions. The Massachusetts General Hospital, on Blossom Street, had its origin in a bequest of $5,000, made in 1799; but it was not incorpo- rated until iSii. It is the most complete and perfectly organized in- stitution of its kind in the country, and the oldest, save one — the Pennsylvania Hospital. The stately main building, of Chelmsford gTanite. was designed bv Bulfinch. It stands in pleasant shaded ground. It admits, under light conditions, patients suffering from diseases or injuries, from any part of the United States or British Pro\'inces; and provision is made for free treatment, or treatment at the cost to the patient of the expense involved. Xo infectious dis- eases are admitted, and chronic or incurable cases are generally refused. On proper call the hospital ambulance, with medical officer, is dispatched, at any hour, to points within the city proper, north of Dover and Berkeley streets. Every arrangement is made, in the hospital, for the treatment, comfort, and happiness of the patient. In connection with this hospital is the ConvaUsccnt Home, at Wa- verly. and the McLean Asylum for the Insane, also established in Waverly. The hospital maintains a training school for nurses, and a dispensarv which gives treatment onl}-. RErjcrous aivd benevolent work. 109 The names of many men eminent in the medical profession have, at all times, been on the list of its visiting physicians and surgeons. In one of the operating-rooms of this hospital a capital operation was first performed under the influence of ether. (See The E'lUKK Monument, in Chapter III.) The Boston City Hospital occupies the entire square between Harrison Avenue, East Concord, Albany, and East Springfield streets, and a part of the adjacent square to Massachusetts Avenue. It is maintained by annual appropriations from the municipal government, and it is governed by a board of trustees representing the government. The hospital staff, consisting of visiting, out-patient, house, departments, and medical and sur- gical assistants, numbers about seventy. The hospital is chiefly intended for free patients, but there are accommodations for a nurhber of pay-patients, at prices varying from $10 to $30 per week. The hospital proper consists of the central administration building, and eighteen other buildings for patients, forming an effective architectural group. The hospital for contagious diseases, just completed, is known as the Chester Park Hospital, and has accommodations for 260 patients. It is intended for such infec- tious diseases as diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles, etc. This group of buildings has cost about $350,000, and is the best of any hospital in existence devoted to this special purpose. No American city, save Boston, is provided with a place like this, where gently- nurtured people may have all the comforts and attentions to which they are accustomed. The Convalescent Home, connected with the City Hospital, is at Milton Lower Mills, about four miles from the hospital. It is a. fine old family mansion, which has been extended and enlarged, and accommodates thirty-six patients. It is in a beautiful park of fifteen acres. The Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital, on East Concord Street, was incorporated in 1855, but was not established and ready for patients until 1871. For five years it occupied a house at 14 Burroughs Place. The present beautiful building was opened for patients in May, 1876. The funds for its erection were raised by a grand fair, which was held by its friends, and netted nearly $80,000. The hospital has recently been enlarged at a cost of $100,000, and is pronounced, by competent judges, one of the most successful and satisfactory hospitals in the State. 110 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. The Carney Hospital, on Old Harbor Street, South Boston, was incorporated in 1865. The location is, in every respect, desirable. It stands on Dorchester Heights, and commands an extensive view of Massachusetts Bay, and also of the city. The land on which the hospital stands, and a fund of $53,000, were a gift from the late Andrew Carney. It is in charge of the Sisters of Charity, and is a Catholic institution, but patients of all classes are admitted, no distinction being made on account of creed, color, or race. It is a hospital of the first class, with well-equipped operating-rooms, etherizing-rooms, and other departments. Other Hospitals. — Adams Nervine Asyhnn, for persons of both sexes affected with nervous diseases, West Roxbury District, Center Street. Bostoti Lying-in iY<9j-///«/, No. 24 McLean Street. Chan- ning Home, for women and children, chiefly incurables. No. 30 McLean Street. Children s Hospital for medical and surgical treat- ment of children, Huntington Avenue, Back Bay District. Cojisicmp- tives' Home, for both sexes. Homoeopathic treatment, Roxbury District, corner of Warren Street and Blue Hill Avenue. Free Hospi- tal for [F(9w<5';z, for treatment of diseases of women, No. 60 East Springfield Street. House of the Good Samaritan, for the treat- ment of women and children, especially incurables. No. 6 McLean Street. Nezv England Hospital for Women and Children, under the charge of women. It offers young women studying medicine opportunities for clinical study which other hospitals afford to young men; Codman Avenue, between Washington and Amory streets. Small -pox Hospital, near rear entrance of Forest Hills Cemetery, Canterbury Street. Special Ho7ne, for both sexes afflicted with spinal diseases, homoeopathic treatment, Roxbury District, corner Warren Street and Blue Hill Avenue. St. Elizabeth's Hospital, for women, No. 78 Waltham Street. St. foseph's Home for Sick and Destitute Servant Girls, for incurables especially, Nos. 41 to 45 East Brookline Street. St. Marfs Lying-in Hospital {a-ndi Infant Asylum), Dorchester District, Bowdoin Street. United States Naval Hospital, connected with the Charlestown Navy Yard, Chelsea. Other Public Institutions which come under the jurisdiction of the city government, are the Houses of Industry and Reformation, and the Truant School at Deer Island; the House of Correction and Lunatic Hospital a.t South Boston, the Almshouses aX Rainsfordand RELIGIOUS AND BENEVOLENT WORK. Ill Long Islands, and Charlestown; the Marcel la Street Home for neglected boys and girls, and the Pare?ital School, at West Roxbury. The Associated Charities of Boston.— The objects of this society are to secure the concurrent and harmonious action of the different charities in Boston, in order to raise the needy above the need of relief, prevent begging and imposition, and diminish pauperism ; to encourage thrift, self-dependence, and industry through friendly intercourse, advice, and sympathy, and to aid the poor to help them- selves ; to prevent children from growing up as paupers, and to aid in the diffusion of knowledge on subjects connected with the relief of the poor. To accomplish these objects, it provides for the thorough investigation of the case of every applicant for relief, and places the result of such investigation at the disposal of the Overseers of the Poor, of charitable societies and agencies, and of private persons of benevolence. It makes all relief conditional upon good conduct, and sends friendly visitors into the families of the poor. Their offices are in the Charity Building, on Chardon Street. The Private Charities of Boston are numerous and efficient. They meet almost every want to which suffering humanity is subject, and they are conducted with rare intelligence and devotion. It would be impossible, in a work of this character, to mention even the more prominent private philanthropies. Information concerning them may be obtained at the Charity Building, on Chardon Street. VIII. CLUBS, SOCIETIES, AND MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS. The social clubs of the city are not of special interest to strangers, since, without an invitation from a member, no one is admitted to their privileges. Boston has many clubs, social, literary, professional, business, and commercial. Some of these clubs have palatial houses, wherein every a23pliance of comfort and luxury is to be found, but many of them are confined to rooms in some convenient locality. The following is an alphabetical list of the leading clubs and societies in Boston, with brief remarks: Algonquin, 217 Commonwealth Avenue. This is one of the lead- ing social clubs. Its membership includes bankers, brokers, mer- chants, lawyers, etc. It was organized in 1885, and occupies one of the finest and most perfectly appointed club-houses in the cit}-. The exterior, in Italian Renaissance architecture, is of Indiana limestone. The reading-room, library, and billiard-hall are each over eighty feet long, and the dining-rooms and other apartments are convenient and attractive. Apollo Club, 153 Tremont Street. [See Chapter V.] Appalachian Mountain, g Park Street. The objects of this asso- ciation are to explore the mountains of New England and the adjacent regions, both for scientific and artistic purposes, and, in general, to cultivate an interest in geographical studies. Its members make frequent expeditions to these mountains, strike out new paths, estab- lish camps, construct and publish accurate maps, and collect all avail- able information concerning the mountain regions. The Atlantic Yacht, Commercial Wharf. (112) CLUBS, SOCIETIES, ETC. 113 Boston Architectural, 5 Tremont Place, composed of architects and draughtsmen, and non-professionals interested in the aims of the society. Boston Athletic Association, Exeter, corner of Blagden Street. [See Chapter V.] Boston Camera Club, 50 Bromfield Street, composed of amateur photograjjhers, and devoted to the advancement, among its members,- of a knowledge of photography in all its branches. The Bostoh Art Club's handsome home is at the corner of Dart- mouth and Newbury streets. The club entrance is on the Newbury Street side, while the public entrance to the art gallery is on the Dartmouth Street front. The building is in the Romanesque style of architecture, with hexagonal corner tower with a massive project- ing balcony. This club was organized in 1857, with a membership of twenty persons, nearly all of whom were professional artists. In 1S74 the club was reorganized and now numbers 137 professional and 650 non- professional members. The objects of the club, as stated in its con- stitution , are ' ' to advance the knowledge and love of art through the exhibition of its works of art, the acquisition of books and papers for the purpose of forming an art library, lectures upon subjects per- taining to art, and by other kindred means ; and to promote social intercourse among its members." The interior of the house is convenient, sumptuous, and inviting. The exhibition gallery, on the second floor, is 47 by 47 feet, and 18 feet high, and, by the arrangement of the interior of the house, the gallery can be thrown open for public exhibitions without encroaching upon the rooms devoted exclusively to club purposes. The club has a val- uable library of works on art and books of reference. Its regular spring, summer, and winter exhibitions are important features of the art season in Boston. The Boston Society of Decorative Art is located at 222 Boylston Street. The purpose of this society is "to raise the standard of design in hand-wrought work and in manufacture, and to guide all those who use the needle, the brush, or the modeling-tool for deco- rative ends, to an appreciation of pure form and noble design, so that the objects produced or decorated by these agencies might be beauti- ful to the eye and satisfactory to the cultivated taste." The rooms of the society are open from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. on week-days, and many 1.14 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. beautiful specimens of decorative work are on exhibition. Admission free. The Boston Turn Verein, 29 Middlesex Street, was organized in 1849, and it is the leading German society in the city. The club- house contains a thoroughly equipped gymnasium, billiard -rooms, bowling alleys, a hall having a seating capacity of 500, and a stage *for private theatricals, concerts, and other entertainments; a reading- room and library, and restaurant, parlors, and reception-rooms. The Bostonian Society, Old State House, is an organization to " promote the study of the history of Boston, and the preservation of its antiquities." It has charge of the upper stories of the Old State House, and maintains the rooms on the second floor, with the collec- tion of antiquities there, for public exhibition. The Boston Merchants' Association, 56 Bedford Street, was incorporated in 1880. Its membership represents various branches of business. It has regular standing committees on transportation, arbitration, debts and debtors, and postal facilities, telegraphy, etc. Its annual banquets are features in the mercantile life of Boston. Boston Chess Club, 18 Boylston Place. Boston Fencing Club, 20 Beacon Street. Boston Press Club, i4Bosworth Street, composed of newspaper proprietors, publishers, editors, reporters, and managers, and persons regularly engaged in literary pursuits. Boston Yacht Club, 817 East Sixth Street. It is the senior yacht club of Boston, and dates from 1866. Its club-house is at City Point. Caledonia Club, 694 Washington Street, composed largely of leading Scotch citizens. Catholic Union, 17 Worcester Street, composed of leading Catholics. Cecilia, 153 Tremont Street. Commercial Travelers', 694 Washington Street. Elysium Club, 218 Huntington Avenue. This is composed of the leading Hebrew residents of the city. The club-house was erected in 1891, and it is, in every way, convenient and attractive. Mayflower Club, 7 A Park Street, a social club of women, organized, in 1893, to provide comfortable rooms dowm town, "fur- nished with periodicals and conveniences for writing, and wdiere a simple lunch may be obtained." The club-rooms are pleasant and comfortably furnished, and the restaurant is especially inviting. CLUBS, SOCIETIES, ETC. 115 Massachusetts Yacht Club, Rowe's Wharf. New England Woman's Club, No. 5 Park Street, This is one of the most prominent clubs of Boston. Its organization, in 1S68, was closely followed by that of " Sorosis " of New York, but the latter club does not resemble its predecessor in its aims. Sorosis is purely a social club, while the New England Woman's Club is not only social, but has a wide-reaching work in many directions. The Woman's Club was intended as a center of rest and social convenience for women already active in various philanthropic ways to the extent of their ability, with the hope and belief that the time thus econo- mized from fruitless search of each other, or spent socially in a less satisfactory manner, given to this sympathetic intercourse, might turn to still more fruitful use from the reaction upon each other of minds so well trained in varied service, when brought to bear upon the special needs of women. Paint and Clay Club, 419 Washington Street. This club was founded in 1880. Its constitution requires that members shall be connected with art, literature, or music. It gives occasional recep- tions and art exhibitions. The Puritan Club, 50 Beacon Street, composed of young men of social standing and wealth. It has excellent table d'hote din- ners for members, and pleasant dining-rooms for private parties. Republican Club, 223 Washington Street. St. Botolph Club, 2 Newbury Street, largely composed of professional men. It was organized in 18S0, and the purpose of its projectors was to establish a club similar to that of the Century in New York. Among its members are several of the most distinguished of the liberal clerg^mien of the city, representa- tive literary men, physicians, journalists, artists, and members of the bar. A feature of the club-house is its large art gallery. The Somerset Club, 42 Beacon Street. This is the most fashionable and exclusive of Boston's clubs. It has occupied its present quarters since 1872. The house, which was formerly the mansion of the late David Sears, stands on the site of the home of Copley, the famous painter. It is an imposing granite front, "double-swell" house, with convenient and elegant interior. A notable feature is a ladies' dining-room for guests of the mem- bers, which is also open to non-members accompanying ladies on club orders. 116 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. The Suffolk Club, whose house, at 4)^ Beacon Street, is a modest, comfortable, and homeUke structure, is a purely social club. Politics do not enter into its plans, but it happens that many prominent Democrats are among its members. Union Club, 8 Park Street. This club was established during the Civil War, primarily as a political club in support of the Union cause. The house was formerly the home of Abbot Lawrence. It is spacious, well arranged, and furnished, adorned with paintings and other works of art, and provided with a fine library. It has, for many years now, been a purely social club, having abandoned its political features. The Tavern Club occupies very pleasant quarters at No. 4 Boylston Place, in an old-time mansion, which is adorned with works of art and curiosities, given by members. It is a lunch and dining club of gentlemen who are interested in literature, art, music, etc. The Temple Club, located at 35 West Street, is the oldest club in the city, having been established in 1S29. It is a purely social club, and the membership is small. The club-house presents a plain exterior, but its interior is admirably arranged and equipped for club purposes. The University Club, 270 Beacon Street, was organized in 1881, and its membership is composed entirely of college-bred men , and includes representatives of all the leading colleges in the country. It occupies one of the most sumptuously appointed club-houses in the city. The Unity Art Club, 16 Arlington Street. Union Boat Club, foot of Chestnut Street, on the Charles River. This is, with one exception, the oldest boat club in the United States, having been organized in 1851. It is an exclusively amateur associa- tion, no member being allowed to enter into negotiations to row a race for a stated sum of money, nor can the funds of the club be appropriated for prizes. There are several Literary Clubs in Boston which, having no club-houses, meet at some leading hotel. The Saturday Club dines once a month, at Parker's. Many celebrated writers have belonged to this club. The Wediiesday Eveni7ig Century Club and the Thurs- day Club are associations in which the professional element is dom- inant. They meet at the houses of members. Among the Professional Societies may be mentioned the Boston CLUBS, SOCIETIES, ETC. 117 Medical Associatio7i, which holds its meetings at 19 Boylston Place; the Boylston Medical Society of Harvard University, the Boston Society fo7- Medical Impro7'eme7it , the Boston Society for Medical Observation, the Boston Honiosopathic Society, the Bosto?i Drjig- gists' Association, and the Bar Associatio?t of the City of Boston. Scientific and Learned Societies. Boston has many societies devoted to scientific and learned inves- tigations. The most widely known is the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, at loyC Beacon Street. With one exception, this is the oldest scientific society in the country. The object of its founders was ' ' the promotion and encouragement of a knowledge of the antiqui- ties and the natural history of j^merica; the encouragement of medi- cal studies, mathematical disquisitions, philosophical inquiries and discoveries, astronomical, meteorological, and geographical observa- tions, and improvements in agriculture, the arts, manufactures, and commerce." Volumes of its " Memoirs" and " Proceedings " are from time to time published. Its library contains 22,000 volumes. The Massachusetts Historical Society, at 30 Tremont Street, was founded, in 1791, by Rev. Jeremy Belknap and seven associates. Its object is to investigate matters of history, and preserve records and relics illustrating it. Besides the library of 36,300 volumes, 95,000 pamphlets, and several thousand manuscripts, it has quite a museum of interesting relics. The Nevv England Historic Genealogical Society, at 18 Somerset Street, was founded in 1S44, and has for its object the study and pub- lication of historical and genealogical facts about New England and her people. The library embraces ,the largest collection in the country of genealogies of New England families, and many valuable and rare manuscripts. The society publishes the "New England Historical and Genealogical Register," issued quarterly. The Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, Hunt- ington Avenue, corner of West Newton Street, was instituted, in 1795, at the " Green Dragon Tavern." Its primary objects were to relieve the families of unfortunate mechanics, and to assist young mechanics with loans of money, and to promote inventions and im- provements in the mechanic arts. It has, for a long period now, held " Triennial Festivals," or public exhibitions. The present exhibition building is one of the largest in the country. Of its three halls, 118 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. Mechanics' Hall, seating about 6,000, is the largest. Paul Revere was the first president of this association. Secret Orders. All, probably, of the secret orders and societies in the United States have representatives in Boston. Several of these stand before the public more in a social aspect, or otherwise, than on account of any secrecy in their proceeedings, e. g., the Greek letter college societies. Free Masonry. — The first Masonic lodge in the country was organized in Boston, in July, 1733. The headquarters of the Masonic societies of the city are in Masonic Temple, on the corner of Tremont and Boylston streets. This is an imposing granite building, with octagonal towers rising to the height of 120 feet, w^hile the height of the building proper is 90 feet. The Tremont Street front is 85 feet wide. The structure is seven stories high, and has three large halls for meetings — one fin- ished in the Corinthian style, another in the Egyptian, and the third in the Gothic, The entire building, with the exception of the street and basement floors, is occupied by the Masonic organizations of the city. The corner stone was laid on St. John's day, June 22, 1867. Odd Fellows. — The first lodge of Odd Fellows in Boston was organized March 26, 1820. It was the second in the country, the first having been established in Baltimore April 26, 1S19. The head- quarters of the several organizations in the city are in Odd Fellows' Building, No. 515 Tremont Street, corner of Berkeley. The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, No. 24 Hayward Place, is a secret benevolent organization, incorporated in 1879. Its membership, at first composed chiefly of actors, now includes persons from all professions. It gives assistance to members who are ill or out of employment, according to the discretion of a relief committee charged with this duty. It is a national organization, and has lodges in different cities. Military Organizations. State Militia. — The headquarters of the First Brigade are at No. 19 Milk Street, and of the Seco7id Brigade at No. 37 Tremont Street. The First Corps of Cadets, M. V. M., quite an aristocratic four- company battalion of young men, organized in 1741, and once com- CLUBS, SOCIETIES, ETC. 119 manded by John Hancock, are quartered in the castellated granite armory on Columbus Avenue, southeast corner of Ferdinand Street. The First Regiment of Infantry, the Fifth Reginieiit of Infantry, and the First Battaliofi of Cavalry, make their head- quarters in the Irvington Street Armory. The Sixth Regiment' of Infantrfshxrixoxyx^oxi Green Street, corner of Chardon; and the Ninth Regiment of Infantry is on East Newton. The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company is the oldest mili- tary organization in the country. It was chartered in March, 1638, as " The Military Company of Boston," and Robert Keayne, one of the chief promoters of the new organization, was its first captain. It was not until 1657 that it became an artillery company, when it was recognized as such by the general court. The title "Ancient and Honorable" was assumed in 1700, first appearing in its records in September of that year. It was styled "ancient" because of its great age, and " honorable " from the fact that some of its earlier members had belonged to the Honorable Artillery Company of Lon- don. The company was dispersed by the Revolution, and revived in 1789, when its name and privileges were confirmed by the Legisla- ture. The anniversary of its organization, the first Monday in June, is still celebrated by an annual parade. A sermon is preached to the company, a good dinner is served in Faneuil Hall, and speeches listened to; and thereafter all march to the Common, where the Gov- ernor of the Commonwealth delivers to the newly-elected officers their commissions and the insignia of their offices. The company has its headquarters in Faneuil Hall. 11 IX. A TOUR OF THE CITY. In the following pages is j^resented a single day's itinerary, covering the more important points of attraction in the city proper, and some of those which, from historical or other associ- ations, are always considered in connection with Boston. Of course, it would not be possible, within such limits of time, to linger long at any one point, and many places w'hich would prove interesting must be omitted from such a tour; but if one has but a short time in which to compass the sights and beauties of this historic town, it is believed that a strict adherence to the route here proposed will enable him to cover more ground, and to see more intelligently the places visited. Washington Street. Washington Street, starting at Haymarket Square, and trav- ersing the city longitudinally from the old "North End," through Roxbury to Dedham, is the principal business thoroughfare. The corner of Washington and Bedford streets is about in the center of the hotel and theater district, and will be a good point from which to start on our pilgrimage. Here, on the southeast corner, is the great dry goods establishment of R. H. White & Co., occupying a stone structure, and reaching through to Harrison Avenue, in the rear. Keeping on the right side of Washington Street and walking to the north, we pass some of the largest and finest retail stores in the city. The block, from Avon to Summer Street, with the exception of Shuman's corner, is occupied by the handsome freestone store of Jordan, Marsh & Co. On the opposite side of Washington Street, between Temple Place and Winter Street, is the great music publishing house of Oliver Ditson & Co. (120) A TOUR OF THE CITY, 121 Here, on the southeast corner of Milk and Washington streets, is the building of the Boston Transcript, the oldest evening news- paper in Boston. On the opposite corner of Milk Street is the Old South Meeting-House, which is described in the chapter entitled " Old Landmarks.'' Here we must pause to enjoy the quaint old sanctuary, and spend a few minutes in viewing the col- lection of antiquities which are exhibited in the church. The entrance fee is 25 cents, and goes toward the maintenance of the building. On the opposite side of Washington Street is the build- ing of the Boston Traveller, the first 2-cent evening newspaper in Boston, and the first to display news bulletins. Milk Street. Let us now turn down Milk Street, noting the building on the opposite side, No. 17, which bears a tablet announcing that it marks the site of Benjamin Franklin's birthplace. Among the buildings, many of which are occupied by banks, railroad, and other corporations, the most notable are those of the International Trust Company, its light stone fagade ornamented with carving and sculpture, and then the great insurance buildings. At the corner of Devonshire and Milk is the massive granite building of the Equitable Life Assurance Society, full of banks and offices, with the Security Safe Deposit vaults in the basement. Elevators run to the roof, whence there is a magnificent view of the city and harbor. Next our attention is claimed by the white granite building, in the Renaissance style, of the New England Mutual Life Insurance, at the corner of Milk and Congress streets. This building is crowned by colossal statues. Adjoining this the white marble building, with a stone clock-tower, rising 130 feet, and terminating in a graceful spire, is that of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. Crossing Post Office Square, we must stop long enough to view the ponderous Governme7it Building, which faces the square, and fills the space bounded by Milk, Devonshire, and Water streets. The Post Office Department occupies the basement, the ground floor, and part of the second story of the building. In the second story are also the offices of the Pension Agent, the Naval Pay and Internal Revenue Departments, and the Sub-Treasury. The latter is a fine hall, 50 feet high, adorned with rich marbles and costly trimmings. 122 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. The United States Courts, the Lighthouse Board, Lighthouse In- spectors, and the Signal Service Department are all housed in this building. The exterior walls of the building are of Cape Ann granite. The facades rise more than loo feet above the side- walks, and the whole is a composition of pilasters, columns, and round-arched windows, proportioned to set off the massive structure. On the Post Office Square front are the heroic, sculptured groups, in Vermont marble, by Daniel C. French of Concord. Facing the building, the left-hand group represents "Labor Protecting the Family and the Arts " ; Labor, a stalwart figure, with his right arm supported by the horn of the anvil against which he is leaning. Under his right arm are the mother and child; at his left is a graceful woman supporting a vase, while at her feet lie sculptured masks and capi- tals. The group at the right represents ' ' Science Controlling the Forces of Steam and Electricity." The central figure. Science, rests her foot on a closed volume — her undiscovered secrets — and sup- ports on her left arm a horeshoe magnet, with a thunderbolt as an armature. At her feet crouches a slave, with hands chained to a loco- motive wheel; about him clouds of steam and fragments of ma- chinery. At her right is disclosed the Spirit of Electricity, from whom she throws back her drapery, which has veiled the figure, and he stands ready to dart forth to "put a girdle round the earth," which lies at his feet. These groups are among the best examples of symbolic sculpture in the country. Custom House and Vicinity. After leaving the Post Office, let us turn east on Water and pass through Liberty Square, with the Mason Building in the middle of the square, to Broad Street. Turning to the left, and then at Central Street to the right, we come to the Custom House, a solid, dignified building, in the form of a Greek cross, and the exterior in pure Doric style. It was begun in 1835, and was twelve years in building. The walls, columns, and even the entire roof, are of granite, and it rests upon 3,000 piles. Each of the massive, fluted columns is 5 feet 2 inches in diameter, 32 feet high, and weighs over 40 tons. There are thirty -two of these columns. The porticoes have each six columns. The granite dome, at the intersection of the cross, terminates in a sky- light, which is 25 feet in diameter. The cross-shaped rotunda, finished in the Grecian-Corinthian style, is the main feature of the interior. BOSTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE — India Street, near Atlantic Avenue. When Tired Out From TRAVELING and SIGHT-SEEING step in somewhere and get a drink of the Celebrated mm NERVE FOOD A DELIGHTFUL BEVERAGE which FEEDS and STRENGTH- ENS the NERVOUS SYSTEM. Be sure you get GENUINE MOXIE, it has a world-wide reputation as the most health- ful drink in the world. . . . SOLD AT ALL RAILROAD DEPOTS. Moxie Nerve Food Co.,soie proprietors, BOSTON, MASS. A TOUR OF THE CITY. 123 Just beyond the Custom House, on India Street, is the Chambei' of Conwierce Building, with circular front and lofty, conical roof pierced by high dormer windows. It is Romanesque and irregular in plan, conforming to the shape of the lot. The chamber occupies the entire third floor. The board-room, or exchange, is circular m form with high domed ceiling — the apex 38 feet above the floor — and has a floor space of 4,300 square feet. The visitors' gallery is over the entrance. Leaving the Chamber of Commerce and retracing our steps for a short distance, pass to the rear of the Custom House and along Commercial Street to the Quincy Market, a long, low, granite building, with porticoes of massive granite columns, and at either end a well-proportioned dome. This market-house (offi- cially called " Faneuil Hall Market") is a monument of the first Mayor Quincy's administration, which covered six terms, i823-'29. It was built in 1825-6, and cost, exclusive of the land, only $150,000. The building is 534 feet long, extending from Commercial Street to Faneuil Hall Square. A walk through the market, from the east to the west portal, will be found instructive and interesting; while outside, on both the north and south sides of the building, the countless vegetable and market wagons make an animated scene. Leaving the market by the west portal, you are directly oppo- site old Faneuil Hall, in which every patriotic American feels an interest. [For history and description of Faneuil Hall, see chapter entitled Old Landmarks.] After visiting the " Cradle of Liberty," and viewing the collection of portraits and relics of Colonial and Provincial times, let us pass through Dock Square to Adams Square, where Miss Anne Whitney's Statue of Samuel Adams calmly surveys the hurry, and bustle, and crowd of Washington Street. This statue, which is a counterpart of that by the same artist in the Capitol at Washington, was set up in 1880, the 250th anniversary of the settlement of the town. The patriot leader is represented as he is supposed to have looked when he was await- ing Governor Hutchinson's reply to his demand for the instant removal of the British troops from the town, the day after the " Massacre of 1770." Let us now turn up Washington Street, and, keeping on the left side of the street, we must take time to admire the lofty Aines Building, on the northwest corner of 124 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. Court and Washington streets. This is the tallest building in the city, and, covering a very small area, its granite walls rise to a height of igo feet. This finely designed structure cost about $700,000. It was completed in 1890, and its tenants are chiefly banking institutions and lawyers. On the opposite corner of Court and Washington streets is another handsome business block, the Sears Building. This is in the Italian Gothic style of architecture, its exterior walls of gray and white marble. Here several great Western railroads and New England manufacturing companies have their offices. Just in the rear of this building, on Court Street, is Young's Hotel; and here, on our left, standing at the head of State Street (in ante-Revolutionary days King Street), is the Old State House. [For history and de- scription of the Old State House, see chapter entitled "Old Land- marks."] After comj^leting our inspection of this most interesting rehc, let us walk a short distance down State Street, the financial center of the town. State Street. Emerging from the Old State House, by the eastern portal, we are confronted on either hand by massive modern buildings. On the north side, at No. 28, is the building of the Merchants' National Bank, the largest banking institution in New England. Just beyond this is the Massachusetts Hospital Insurance Build- ing. On the south side of State Street is the old-fashioned Brazer's Building, which will, doubtless, soon give way to a much larg^ structure. The ten-story building of light brick, occupying the little block formed by Congress Square and Congress Street, is the Worthington Building, built by Roland Worthington, the former owner of the Bosto?t Traveller. The most notable of the modern buildings of State Street is the mammoth twelve-story granite Stock Exchange, one of the largest office buildings in the country. It has a frontage of 170 feet on State Street and 160 feet on Kilby Street. The cost of this great structure was $4,000,000. In this building are the quarters of the Stock Exchange, at the end of the entrance hall on the first floor. The chamber is a fine hall 115 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 35 feet high, with Corinthian pillars around the sides. Entrance to the visitors' gahery is from the marble hall of the second floor of the build- ing. Looking down from this gallery, the " pulpit," where the chair- A TOUR OF THE CI TV. 125 man sits during the sessions, is seen in the middle of the right side of the room ; beyond it the Boston Stock Board ; and opposite that, on the left side of the room, the New York Board, with a nest of tele- phone boxes below. Near the ' ' pulpit " is the telegraph room ; and immediately opposite, on the left side, is the entrance to the bond room. In the block beyond the Exchange Building is the solid stone Fiske Building. The brownstone and yellow brick Farlow Building on the corner of Merchant's Row, and the white marble Richards Building, just below, complete the list of great modern buildings on this quaint old thoroughfare. Newspaper Row. Retracing our way through State to Washington, and again turn- ing to the left, we are in the midst of the newspaper offices. A\'7us- paper- Row is the name given to that part of Washington Street between State and School streets. The first of these offices to our left, on the east side of the street, is the handsome freestone structure occupied by the Globe. In politics it is Democratic. Just above and adjoining the Globe is The Daily Advertiser s marble building. It covers the site of the shop and dwelling of James Campbell, book- seller and postmaster, who issued the Boston News-Letter, the first newspaper successfully established in North America (1704). This is the oldest morning paper in Boston, the first number hav- ing appeared on March 3, 1813. In politics the Advertiser is Repub- lican. In 1884, the Advertiser corporation began the publication of The Evening Record, a penny evening paper, agreeing with the Advertiser in politics. On the same side of the street, near the corner of Water Street, is the building of the Boston Journal, 2^ Republican morning and evening paper, which was first published, in 1833, under the name of the Evening Mercajitile Joiiriial. Its present name was adopted when the publication of the morning edition was begun, in 1837. On the opposite side of Washington Street are the Herald and Post buildings. The Boston Herald, a morning, evening, and Sunday paper, independent in its political relations, was founded in 1846. Its present building, in the French Renaissance style, has been occupied since 1S78, and is one of the best equipped -offices in the city. Next to the Herald Building is the home of the Boston Post, a Democratic morning paper, founded by Charles G. Greene, in 1831. 126 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. School Street and the City Hall. A few steps down Washington Street brings us to the corner of School Street, where stands the Old Corner Book Store. [See " Old Landmarks"]. School Street is a short, but crowded, thoroughfare, running from Washington to Tremont Street. On our right is the brown stone and brick front of the Niles Block, on the site of the dwelling of Dr. John Warren, first professor of surgery in Har- vard University, and brother to Dr. Joseph Warren, one of the heroes killed at Bunker Hill. On the opposite side of the street, where the School Street Block now stands, was the Huguenot Meeting-House, built in 1704, and this same meeting-house, in 1788, was transformed into the first Catholic church. A few steps brings us to the City Hall, a white granite building, erected in 1865. It is in the Italian Renaissance style, crowned by a Louvre dome. Within this building are the rooms of the mayor, the halls of the board of aldermen and common council, and other city offices. In the dome is the central point of the fire-alarm telegraph system. In the yard, at the left of the entrance, is a fine bronze portrait statue of Be7ijaiJim Frank li?t, by Richard S. Greenough. The statue is eight feet high, and stands on a pedestal of Quincy granite, capped by a block of verd-antique. On the bronze medallions are represented important events in Frank- lin's life: South Face.— The boy in the printing office; with this inscription below: "Born in Boston, 17 January, 1706; died in Philadelphia, 17 April, 1790." North Face.— His experiment with the lightning; with this inscription: '■'' Ert'puit ceclo fubnen, sceptruinque tyj-atmis.'^ East Face. — Signing the Declaration of Independence, 4 July, 1776. West Face. — Treaty of Peace and Independence, 3 September, 1782. The statue of Josiah Quincy, on the right, is by Thomas Ball. The figure is heroic, and stands on a pedestal of Italian marble. The pedestal, which was also designed by Ball, bears the following inscription: JosiAH Quincy. 1772-1864. Massachusetts Senate, 1804. Congress, 1805-1813. Judge of Municipal Court, 1822. Mayor of Boston, 1823-1828. President of Harvard University, 1829-1845. This statue was erected with money drawn from a trust fund GOOD COFFEE AT ALL OF ARMSTRONG'S DINING ROOMS ...WHY?... BECAUSE IT IS MADE IN Bramhall, Dean & Co/s Patent Royal Urns. -s^ They also make the most extensive line of COOKING APPARATUS....... in this country. address: new YORK 264 WATER STREET, I >l L- V V I V^' I i I x A TOUR OF THE CITY. 127 established, in i860, by Jonathan Phillips, who bequeathed to the city $20,000, " the income from which shall be annually expended to adorn and embellish the streets and public places." King's Chapel [see chapter entitled " Old Landmarks"] is next to the City Hall, while across the street the Parker House [see remarks on " Hotels " in Chapter I] lifts its marble front and fills in the block from Chapman Place to Tremont Street. ScoUay Square and Vicinity. As we turn into the narrow, crowded thoroughfare of Tremont Street, we notice, on the northeast corner of Beacon and Tremont streets, the great department store of Houghton & Button. On our right, after passing King's Chapel and the burying ground, we come to the Boston Museum Building [see Chapter V] and, on the corner of Tremont and Court streets, the brown stone Heme?tway Building, marking the site of an old house in which General Washington stayed during his visit to Boston in 17S9. ScoUay Square, an irreg- ular triangle, caused by the removal of the old Scollay Building, is the terminal point of many street car lines from different parts of the city, and from suburban and outlying sections. The main feature of the place is the bronze statue of Governor John Winthrop, by Richard S. Greenough. The statue was erected in 1880, and was also paid for out of the Jonathan Phillips fund. It is a duplicate of that standing in the Capitol at Washington. Winthrop is represented as just landed in the New World. In his right hand is the Colony Charter, and in his left the Bible. At his back is shown a newly cut forest tree, with a rope attached, significant of the fastening of the boat in which he is supposed to have come to the shore. Crossing Scollay Square to the entrance of Pemberton Square, we can see the front of the County Court House, which stretches across the entire length of the square. It is a massive granite building, in the German Renaissance st3'le, 450 long, 190 feet in its greatest width , and 85 feet high. The building incloses four court-yards, which have an area of 14,632 feet. About these court-yards are grouped the rooms and corridors. The building covers 65,356 feet. The entrance for judges and jury are in the rear of the building. The imposing entrance hall is ornamented by a series of emblematic statues by Dominga Mora. They represent Law, Justice, Wisdom, Innocence 128 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. and Guilt. George A. Clough was the architect of this building, which was begun in 1871, and cost $2,500,000. Keeping to the left around Pemberton Square, we enter Somerset Street, and, turning to the left again, we pass Jacob Sleeper Hall, chief building of Boston University. [See " BovSton University," in Chapter VI.] At the corner of Somerset and Beacon streets is the Cofigregatwnal House, the headquarters of Congregationalism. Here are the offices of the denominational paper, the museum of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the rooms of the Congregational Club, Pilgrim Hall, and the Congregational Library. Let us walk along Beacon Street to the south. On the east side of the street is the building of the Boston Athenaeum, and nearly opposite this the Hotel Bellevue, constructed from several old- fashioned dwellings, and, next beyond this, the massive brownstone Unitarian House. Here are the denominational book salesrooms ; offices and committee rooms of the American Unitarian Association, the Unitarian Sunday School Society, which comprehends the whole country, and the Benevolent Fraternity of Churches ; and on the upper floor, " Channing Hall." At the corner of Beacon and Park streets is the Raymond Bttild- itig, formerly one of the finest houses in the city. It was built, in 1804, by Thomas Amory, and was called "Amory's Folly," because of its great size and costliness. It was at a later period divided into four dwellings. Among the distinguished people who have, at differ- ent times, been its tenants, were Gov. Christopher Gore, Samuel Dexter, the great lawyer and statesman, and Edward G. Malbone, the miniature painter. Lafayette stayed here for two weeks, in 1824, as the guest of the city, the house having been rented for this pur- pose by Mayor Quincy. Beacon Hill. The next object to claim our attention is the State House, on the highest point of Beacon Hill. This fine old building is approached by a broad flight of stone steps. In the yard, on the right, is a bronze statue of Webster, by Hiram Powers; on the left, one of Horace Mann, by Emma Stebbins. The State House, with its gilded dome, is visible from many parts of the city and harbor. The land on which -it stands was Governor Hancock's cow pasture, and was purchased from his heirs by the town and A TOUR OF THE CITY. 129 given to the State. The building was designed by Bulfinch, the first and one of the greatest of American architects. The corner- stone was laid by the Free Masons (Paul Revere, Grand Master), July 4, 1795. It was first occupied by the Legislature in January, 1798. In 1S53-56, it was extended northerly to Mount Vernon Street, and, a few years later, its interior was remodeled. In 1874, it was extensively repaired, and its dome was gilded, and in 1889, the State's business having outgrown it, the Legislature authorized the construction of the ''State House Extension'' in the rear of the original building. The extension is of yellow brick, with trimmings of white marble, simulating the familiar yellow and white of the " Colonial " style. Its design was intended to harmonize with that by Bulfinch, but the result is generally regarded as infelicitous, being severely criticised as out of scale and weak in effect, though having the merit of considerable good detail. The connection has not yet been made with the old part. The commissioners in charge of the construction of the new part last year urged the demolition of the Bulfinch edifice and the con- struction of an entirely new front. This raised such a universal and indignant protest throughout the Commonwealth that the prop- osition was rejected by the Legislature. There is a strong feel- ing that the reconstruction of the old part, made necessary by new conditions, should proceed with the most thoughtful regard for the spirit of Bulfinch's historic design, while making such changes as are essential to protect it against the injurious effect of the ill-con- sidered addition. The interior of the extension is pleasant, cheerful, well ven- tilated, and, for the most part, convenient. It is occupied by the various administrative and executive departments of the common- wealth, and includes two large and handsome halls — that of the House of Representatives and the State Library, besides various legislative committee-rooms, etc. The Senate remains in its chamber in the old building. The new Hall of Representatives is a handsome and richly decorated room, considerably larger than the okl hall, but lacking the stately beauty of the latter, which is one of Bulfinch's finest interiors. The acoustic properties of the old hall are perfect, but those of the former turn out to be very defective. 130 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. The decorations of the new hall, by Mr. Frank Hill Smith, are very handsome. Its amphitheater shape, with domed ceiling, lends itself well to fine decorative effects. The treatment is in the Italian Renaissance. Prominent features of the scheme are the names of fifty-three men, eminent in Massachusetts history, inscribed on the frieze, beginning with John Carver and ending with Phillips Brooks; the names of the counties in the stained- glass skylight, and the symbols of Statecraft, Law, Commerce, Science, Industry, the Arts, etc., that occupy panels in the coving and elsewhere. Five large panels on the wall are intended to be occupied by decorative pictures, representing events in Massachu- setts history. The State House, in its new shape, will have grounds of con- siderable extent on the east side, a large area, now covered with buildings, having been taken for the purpose. Visitors will be interested in the collection of statues, battle-flags, and tablets which are displayed in Doric Hall. Among the statues is one of Washington, by Chantrey, and one of Governor Andrew, by Thomas Ball. Just beyond the State House, in the fence in front of a modern brownstone house, is a tablet announcing that here once stood the Haiicock Mansio?i, which, in its day, was one of the finest mansions in the town. Built, in 1737, by Thomas Hancock, it was inherited by his nephew, John Hancock, It was taken down, in 1863, to make room for modern improvements. At the corner of Beacon and Joy streets is the lofty Hotel Tudor, one of the largest and finest apartment houses in Boston. In its rear, No. i Joy Street, is the Diocesan House, used by the various organizations of the Protestant Episcopal Church. The house be- longs to the Episcopal Church Association. Through the Coniniou and Public Garden. Now, let us cross Beacon Street and enter t/ie Covwion by way of the Joy Street gate. By taking the path to the right and skirting the Frog Pond to its western extremity, we shall strike a path leading to the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. [See The Common, in Chap- ter III.] Leaving the Common by the Charles Street gate, and crossing the street, we are at once in the midst of the beauties of the Public Garden. [See The Public Garden, in Chapter III.] If we \ EL S O z m 12 J. V. Fletcher & Sons WHOLESALE DEALERS IN Provisions RECEIVERS AND DEALERS IN Choice WESTERN and NATIVE DRESSED BEEF LAIMB and PORK PRODUCT Hotels, Steamships, and Families Supplied with BEEF, PORK, LARD, TONGUES, HAMS, BACON, TRIPE, ETC. J. V. Fletcher. G. V. Fletcher. J. H. Fletcher. 66, 68, 70 & 72 Faneuil Hall Market . BOSTON • Established 1837 Telephone Connections Basement h & 12 TEL-EF^HONE 5T5. A TOUR OF THE CITY. 131 follow the main walk across the bridge to the Arlington Street gate, we shall have time to view the beautiful equestrian statue of Wash- ington, and the fountain and Ether Monument to our right. Com 111 on wealth AAeiiue. We now cross Arlington Street and enter the stately boulevard, CoiniHonwealth Aveiiue, wMCa. a shady parkway through its center, and palatial homes lining it on either side. We will follow the shady central path and, quite near Arlington Street, we pass the granite statue of Alexander Hamilton, the work of Dr. William Rimmer. This was the gift to the city of Thomas Lee, the donor of the " Ether Monument " in the Public Garden. Just beyond Berkeley Street is the bronze statue of Gen. John Glover, commander of the Marble- head Marine Regiment in the Continental Army. This is Martin Milmore's work, and was presented to the city by Benjamin T. Reed. Crossing Clarendon Street, at the left is the beautiful First Bap- tist Church, described in Chapter VII. On the southeast corner of Dartmouth Street is the Vendome, its white marble front extending along the avenue a distance of 240 feet. In front of the Vendome in the parkway is a bronze statue of William Lloyd Garrison, the great anti-.slavery agitator. The statue is the work of Olin L. Warner of New York. This is one of the best portrait statues in the city. On one side of the pedestal is cut Garrison's daring declaration : " I am in earnest; I will not equivocate; I will not excuse; I will not retreat a single inch; and I will be heard." And on the other side: " My country is the world; my countrymen are all mankind." Copley Square. We will now turn back to the corner of Dartmouth Street, and keep on the right side of that street to Copley Square. On the corner of Newbury we pass the Boston Art Club's home, and opposite, on our left, the Victoria Hotel, a brick building with crenelated trim- mings and battlemented top. Here we catch a glimpse of Copley Square, the center of artistic, literary, and educational life in Boston. At our right, on the corner of Boylston and Dartmouth, is the new Old South Church. Facing the square is the chaste and classic front of the new Public Library, with 132 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. its enormous pedestals at either side of the entrance, waiting for St. Gaudens' groups, and much of the expanse of its pale walls covered richly with the names of the world's greatest men. On the south side is the INIuseum of Fine Arts, with matchless treasures of Oriental art, and at the east stands Trinity, with its beautiful central tower and its (juiet cloisters. On the north side of the square are the Second Unitarian Church, Chauncy Hall vSchool, and two apartment houses. A recent writer, in speaking of this most attractive part of the towm, says: " Copley Square, at certain hours of the day, presents the aspects of a new Latin quarter, so conspicuously does the student element predominate in the throngs that cover its pavements. Here the currents intermingle and cross, now tending toward the Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology, on Boylston Street (' Tech ' is the only name ever given this great scientific school in Boston); now hurrying toward the Harvard Medical School; now making for the three busy art schools in the neighborhood — those of the Museum of Fine Arts, the Massachusetts Normal Art School, the Cowles Art School; and, eddying aside from the main currents, go the thou- sands of school-boys and school-girls, bound for the countless public and private schools of the Back Bay and the vSouth End — one build- ing alone, that of the public Latin and English High Schools, con- taining nearly 2,000 boys, who come to it from all parts of Greater Boston." To Cambridge via Harvard Bridge. And now we will take an electric car going south on Boylston Street, with " Harvard Square " on end sign, and visit Harvard Col- lege, in Cambridge, but which, in reality, spreads all over Boston. Our route is along Boylston Street to Massachusetts Avenue and west- ward across Harvard Bridge. As we cross Commonwealth Avenue we catch a fleeting glimpse of Miss Whitney's statute of Leif Ericsson and the Fens. From the bridge we can look back on our right and see the houses of the Back Bay region. While speeding along Massa- chusetts Avenue, we must notice on our right, at the corner of Inman Street, the City Hall, a gift to the city from a former resident. [See Cambridge, m. Chapter H, and Harvard University, \n Chapter VI.] In returning to Boston, we take the Scollay Square car, which, starting from Harvard Square, passes along Kirkland, Cambridge, A TOUR OF THE CITY. 133 and Bridge streets; Craigie Bridge, which affords a good view of Charlesbank [see Ckariesbatik, in Chapter III], Leverett, Causeway, Portland, and Sudbury streets to Scollay Square. Here we will leave this car and board another, which passes along the famous old Corn- hill to Adams Square, where Washington Street is entered. Cliarlestown and Bunker Hill. The car crosses Hanover Street to Haj^market Square; passes through Beverly Street, and then across the broad bridge to Charles- town. On the right, as we cross the bridge, we have glimpses of the harbor and shipping, while on our left are the railroad bridges. Crossing Cit}^ Square, with the Waverly Hotel on one side, and the old City Hall of Charlestown ahead, the car runs off on Park Street. As it enters Warren Street, the Navy Yard can be seen down a long street to the right, and just ahead is the Charlestown Soldiers' Monu- ment, the work of Martin Milmore. Three squares beyond, on look- ing up Monument Street to the right, and at its head, we see the granite obelisk of Bunker Hill Monument. [See Chay-lestown and Blinker Hill Mo7iinne7it, in Chapter H.] Returning by the same route, we shall find ourselves back at the point from whence we started, having covered much of the territory and noted man^^ of the points which, from historical or other fame, are most attractive to visitors. X. BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS. The Harbor. — The advantages of Boston Harbor have often been recounted by scientists, and are constant! 3^ experienced by those who go down to the sea in ships. The faciHty and safety of its approaches, the ample width and depth of its entrance, and the shelter and tran- quility of its roadsteads, are not surpassed by those of any harbor in the world. Her interior water-space is divided by chains of islands into basins, which offer sufficient room for 500 ships of the largest class to ride freely at anchor, and sufficient tranquility for the frailest pleasure craft. But it is not of these things that the average tourist will think as he stands on the deck of one of the harbor steamboats that ply between the city, and the towns, and the resorts that line the shores on either hand. The surpassing loveliness of the harbor, its surface dotted with numberless islands of fantastic shape, and its irregular and picturesque shores, will hold him spell-bound, and for- getful of scientific data and historical legend. And Boston has nothing better, in the w^ay of entertainment, to offer to her guests than a sail on the blue waters of her bay. Most of the islands have a history which it would be interesting to review, and those who are tracing resemblances will find amusing the fol- lowing description by Doctor Shurtleff : "Noddle's Island, or East Boston, as it is now called, very much resembles a great polar bear, with its head north and its feet east. Governor's Island has much the form of a ham, and Castle Island looks like a shoulder of pork, both with their shanks at the south. Apple Island was, probably, so named on account of its shape ; and Snake Island may be likened to a kidney ; Deer Island is very like a whale facing Point Shirley ; (134) BOSTON HARBOR AMD SEA SIDE RESORTS. 135 Thompson's Island, like a veiy young unfledged chicken ; Spectacle Island, like a pair of spectacles ; Long Island, like a high-top mili- tary boot ; Rainsford's Island, like a mink ; Moon Island, like a leg of venison ; Gallop's (not Galloupe's), like a leg of mutton ; Lovell's, like a dried salt fish ; George's, like a fortress, as it is ; Peddock's, like a young sea monster ; and Half Moon, like the new or the old moon, as you view it from the south or the north. The other small islands resemble pumpkins, grapes, and nuts, as much as anything; hence the names of them." Two defunct forts slumber in Boston Harbor — Foj't Independence, on Castle Island, and Fot't WintJwop, on Governor's Island. A third, Fort War 7' en, alive and armed with several hundred watchful eyes, stands guard at the entrance to the harbor, on George's Island. The Islands. Castle Island was the first fortified island in the country. Here, in 1634, the Colonists erected rude fortifications, which were replaced, in i7oi,by Castle William, a brick fort. This was burned by the British when they evacuated Boston in March, 1776. The Provincial forces then took possession of the island and repaired the fort. In 1797, its name was formally changed to Fort Independence, President John Adams attending the ceremonies. The island was ceded to the General Government in 179S. This island was the scene of many fatal duels in the early days, and a memorial stone of such an event is still standing, which relates that " near this spot, on the 25th of Dec, 1817, fell Lieut. Robert F. Massie, aged 21," and bears these lines : " Here Honor comes, a Pilgrim gray, To deck the turf, that wraps his clay.' From 1785 to 1805, it was the place of confinement of prisoners sentenced to hard labor, provision that this privilege should be retained having been made in the act of cession to the Federal Government. The present fort was built about the year 1855, ^^nd a small portion of the wall of the old castle remains in the rear part of the fortifica- tion. Castle Island, as we have seen in Chapter III, is now a part of the public park system, connected with the Marine Park on South Boston Point. Governor's Island, just north of Castle Island, was granted to Governor Wiuthropin 1632, and was, subsequently, confirmed to his 136 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. heirs, in 1640 the condition was made that its owner should pay one bushel of apples to the general court, and one to the Governor, every winter. The island continued in the sole possession of the Winthrop family until 180S, when part of it was sold to the Government, for the purpose of erecting a fort , which was named Fort Warren. This name was subsequently changed to Fort Winthrop, in honor of the Governor and the early owners of the island. The uncompleted fortifications on this island may sleep on forever, for modern warfare, with its far- reaching bolts, must be waged many miles from this old stronghold. Thompson's Island, to the south of Castle Island, has belonged to the city since 1834. Long Island is about five miles from the city. It contains 182 acres, and has belonged to the city since 1885. Here are a United States lighthouse and a battery. The city almshouse for female paupers, which has accommodations for 500 inmates, is on the island, and other public institutions are to be erected in time. The light- house, which was built in 18 19, is an iron tower 35 feet in height, and stands on the highest bluff in the harbor. The fixed light is 80 feet above the level of the sea, and can be seen, in a clear night, about fifteen miles. The lantern has nine burners. Nix's Mate. — East of Long Island Head is a low, rocky island, on which stands a solid structure of stone, 12 feet in height and 40 feet square. All the stones in this piece of masonry are securely fastened together with copper. Upon it rests an octagonal pyramid of wood, 20 feet high and painted black. It is supposed that this monument was erected in the earlier years of the present century, though the date is not known. Its purpose was to warn vessels of the dangerous shoals in the harbor. Why the island is called Nix's Mate is uncer- tain. There is a tradition that the mate of a vessel, of which one Captain Nix was master, was executed upon the island for killing the latter. But it was known as "Nix's Island" as long ago as 1636, before any execution for murder or piracy had taken place in the Colony, and this would seem to unsettle this theory. It is a part of the tradition that Nix's mate protested his innocence, and prophesied that the island would be washed away. If such a prophecy was made, it has been fulfilled, for the records show that, in 1636, it con- tained in the neighborhood of twelve acres. There is now not more than one acre of shoal, and there is not a vestige of soil remaining. Several pirates have since been hanged there. BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS. 137 Deer Island, north of Long Island, is where the Houses of Indus- try and Reformation, the city correctional institutions, are located. The island contains 182 acres. Deer Island Beacon, the little light- house off the southern extremity of Deer Island, is the newest light in the harbor, having been established in 1890. It is a conical frame tower, in which is a fixed white light, varied by a red flash every thirty seconds. It is visible twelve nautical miles. George's Island, on which Fo7-t War7-en is built, lies amid the currents of the harbor, and commands the main ship channel, Nan- tucket Roads, and the approach to the harbor. Occupied by the only United States garrison in Massachusetts, it is, undoubtedl5^ the most interesting spot in the harbor. It has not the Puritan traditions of Castle and Governor's islands, for in those early days it was thought too far away to be of much interest. The island was claimed as the property of James Pemberton of Hull, as early as 1622. His pos- session of it was confirmed, and it was bought, sold, and inherited by various parties until 1825, when it became the property of the city of Boston. It is now, of course, under the jurisdiction of the United States Government. Earthworks were erected on the eastern side of the island, in 1778, for the protection of the French fleet, com- manded by Count d' Estaing, then lying in the roadstead, against the attack of British cruisers. In 1833 work on the present formida- ble fortress was begun, and it w^as completed in 1850. The granite fortress, designed by General Thayer of Braintree, is built in the shape of a five-pointed star, each point being a bastion. Close to the walls is a deep ditch, the main work being surrounded by a moat, beyond which are other works. The six-acre inclosure is entered through a postern gate, an arch of about five feet in height, opening into another arched portal. When the Civil War broke out there were no guns mounted at Fort Warren and no garrison. Governor Andrew, how- ever, sent the Second Battalion of Massachusetts to the island, can- non were placed in position, and the deserted fortress became a strong defense. During the war Fort Warren was used as a place of confinement for noted Confederate prisoners. One empty apartment is pointed out as the residence of Mason and Slidell, the Confederate commissioners to Great Britain and France, who were taken from a British vessel bound from Havana to England, and brought here for safe-keeping. They were well treated and enjoyed life in spite of their confinement. 138 HAMDY GUIDE TO BOSTOM. On the morning of January i, 1862, the emissaries were escorted, with their secretaries, to the wharf and took passage to Provincetown, where they embarked in a British war-vessel and proceeded to Eng- land. Alexander Stevens, vice-president of the Confederate States, was also under guard here for five months, in 1S65. Generals Gault and Hanson, and Harry Gilmour ; Major-General Johnson, captured, with his whole division, at Spottsylvania, were also among the dis- tinguished prisoners. Since the Civil War, Fort Warren has not slept. The guns bristle on her battlements to warn oif the foreign invader ; up and down strides the ever -watchful sentinel ; inside the walls the men are being trained in the tactics of modern warfare. The only guns that are fired are those to welcome his excellency, the Governor of the Commonwealth, when he visits the post, and at the sunset hour, when their booming resounds across the waters to the neighboring shores. The fortifications are undergoing changes, to meet the require- ments of present methods of warfare, and on the northern and east- ern sides of Fort Warren, those sides that look out on the broad sweep of the Atlantic, works of solid concrete are being built that will, when finished and manned with 12-inch guns, make a defense that will practically intercept the entrance of foreign ^yar- ships to the harbor. These parapets are to be covered with earth, which, when sodded, will present a beautiful and innocent exterior, conveying no hint of the smoldering volcano within. In time, the walls of the southern and western sides will be leveled, to make way for the newer system. Fort Warren is reached by the trim little steamer Resolute, which runs between Boston and the island. Lovell's Island, lying to the north of George's Island, belongs to the United States, and is a Government buoy station. It contains seventy-one acres. Gallop's Island, to the southwest of Lovell's Island, has belonged to the city since 1S60. The main ship channel lies between Lovell's and Gallop's islands. Other islands belonging to the city are : Rainsford 's Island, contain- ing seventeen acres, on which is located one of the city institutions ; Spectacle Island, containing sixty-one acres ; Apple Island, contain- ing nine acres, and Moon Island, containing about thirty acres, BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS. 139 which was taken, by right of eminent domain, in 1879, ^.nd constitutes the point of discharge of the great sewer. Boston Light is about two miles east of Fort Warren, at the entrance of the harbor. Brewster's Island, on which it stands, has been a Hghthouse station since 171 5, when the general court of the Colony ordered one established. During the Revolution the light- house was several times destroyed and rebuilt. In 17S3, it was once more restored by the State, being built this time of stone, and it has since been enlarged and improved. It is a second-class revolving white light, visible sixteen miles at sea. The tower rises 100 feet above the level of the sea, and can be seen at a great distance, even by day. A heavy fog-horn is also placed here to warn approach- ing vessels in the foggy weather, which often prevails. Bug Light is upon the end of a long, sandy spit stretching out from Great Brewster Island. It is supported above high water on a system of iron rods fixed in the rocky ledge, affording no surface for the waves to batter and destroy. It is a fixed red light, standing about thirty feet above the level of the sea. It is visible for about seven nautical miles, and is intended to warn navigators of Hard- ing's Ledge, which is about two miles out at sea, east of Point Aller- ton, and is one of the chief dangers of the harbor. Seaside Resorts. Boston is grandly situated with reference to summer resorts. Along the rocky coast of Massachusetts, stretching away from Boston, to the north and the south, in wonderful curves and inden- tations, including several good harbors, stands a succession of towns where comfort-seeking Bostonians may dwell during the warm months, and yet be within an hour's sail or ride from their places of business. The North Shore and The South Shore, as they have come to be called, are the natural divisions of this chapter, which present themselves for consideration. The North Shore. By the North Shore is meant the northern coast of what was formerly called Massachusetts Bay, but which, on modern maps, is a part of the Atlantic Ocean. It extends from Nahant and Swampscott, on the southwest, to Gloucester and Cape Ann, on the northeast. For the sake of convenience, however, we shall 140 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. include under this heading several resorts which lie between Bos- ton and Nahant. Winthrop is a beautiful peninsula, with about eight miles of beach. Summer cottages and boarding-houses abound, and many of Boston's busy toilers find here a refuge for their families during the heated term, which is within easy distance of their places of business. It is reached by the Winthrop branch of the Revere Beach & Lynn Railway. Hotels.— y^r^y/^ Hotel— %i. New Winthrop Hotel — $2. Shirley House — $1.50. Revere Beach is a gently sloping beach of sand, several miles long, lying between Winthrop and Nahant, and terminating at the north in Point of Pines. Sea-bathing is safe and pleasant in the light surf. There are numerous large and small hotels here, where fish dinners, or dinners of any sort, may be obtained, and thousands of Bostonians come hither on every hot summer day to enjoy the invigorating sea breezes and the sight of the broad expanse of the ocean. At the Point of Pines are fine hotels, and society is somewhat less heterogeneous than elsewhere on the beach. The Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railway runs directly along the edge of the beach, affording passengers charming sea views all along the route. Hotels. — G leas on House — $2 to $3. Russel House — $2 to $4. Straithmore Hotel — $2 to $4. Nahant, the oldest w^atering place on the North Shore, is a rocky promontory, stretching out into the sea, nearly at right angles with the coast from Lynn, to which it is joined by a narrow- line of sand beach, three miles long, traversed by a single road. It has, for many years, been a favorite resort for old Boston families, and its popularity has never weaned among those who have once acquired an interest in its territory. The invigorating coolness of the atmosphere, even on the hottest days; the boldness and picturesqueness of rock effects, and th5 illusion of being at sea, are among the characteristics which never lose their charm. Along the water's edge, on the eastern side, stands a magnificent array of cliffs, which, for ruggedness and bold beauty, are not BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS. 141 surpassed by any on the North Shore. Here is the well-known Pulpit Rock, so named from its shape, to the top of which, in former days, a venturesome young woman climbed, only to dis- cover that she had to be lowered by ropes. The old hotel, which was burned more than thirty years ago, has never been rebuilt. A successful club, organized within the last few years, is the social center which tempts cottagers from their comfortable piazzas. Dwellers at Nahant are distant, by either sea or land, only an hour from the city. Those who sleep at Nahant can enjoy a delicious sail to the city by steamboat, which is, for those who love water, preferable to a heated, dusty railway journey. At Bass Point, the southwestern point of the peninsula which constitutes Nahant, is a comfortable restaurant, where well-cooked meals may be obtained. Hotels. — Hotel Tudor — $3 to $5. Hotel Nahant — $2.50 to $3. Lynn is a city of 50,000 inhabitants, on a plain between the sea and a line of rugged porphyritic hills. It is the chief shoemaking place in the world, and employs in that industry more than 12,000 persons. The once well-known Ocean Street of Lynn should not be omitted from any itinerary of the North Shore. It is a short, straight avenue along the sea front. Twenty-five years ago it was divided into fifteen or twenty beautiful estates, of from one to three acres in extent, ranged side by side in stately dignity. They fronted on the avenue, and backed on the full expanse of that portion of the sea which lies under the lee of Nahant. Under the influence of the demand for summer residences, these fine estates have been cut up into smaller building lots, and traversed by connecting streets. The old-time mansions have been pulled down, and, while in a few cases they have been superseded by very elaborate structures, the majority of the new cottages are of the e very-day Queen Anne type. Ocean Street is largely occupied by the wealthy shoemakers of Lynn, who live there the year round. Hotels. — Anderson House — $2. Hotel Oxford— %2. Prescott House — Special rates. Swampscott is connected with Lynn by a single shore road, which runs out of Ocean Street. It has, for many years, been a favorite 142 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. camping -ground of Boston people who wish to live by the sea with as little expense and trouble as possible, and, at the same time, be close to the city. Here are several large hotels and boarding-houses, and many sea-shore villas, with picturesque rocky points and inter- vening sandy beaches. Many fine water views are obtained from the cottages and hotels. Hotels.— Hotel Preston — $3. 50 to $4. Lincoln House — $3 to $4. Ocean House — $3 to $4. Marblehead. — This quaint old maritime town, in ancient times famous for its fishermen and privateers, is now the center of a group of summer resorts. Marblehead was detached from Salem and incorporated as an independent town, known as Marble Harbor, on ]\Iay 2, 1649. It is, therefore, one of the oldest towns in New England. It is an interesting town historically and topographically, and its crooked streets and quaint, irregular houses are a study in them- selves. Among the historic houses in Marblehead may be mentioned the large white house, nearly opposite the North Church, where Elbridge Gerry, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Governor of Massachusetts, and Vice-President of the United States, was born. Col. William R. Lee, of Revolutionary fame, once lived in a house just north of the Common. The hero, James Mugford, who captured the British powder ship, once lived in the house on the corner of Back and Mugford streets. The Lee house, now occupied by two banks, was built by Col. Jeremiah Lee, in 1776, at a cost of $50,000. In its day, it was a princely mansion, and is worth a visit now, for its great halls, its grand staircase, and its carved wainscoting may still be seen. The home of Flood (Floyd) Ireson was on Washington, near the head of Franklin Street. The house is still standing. The oldest building in Marblehead is the old town house, which stands near the junction of Washington and State streets. It was built in 1727, and its walls have resounded to the eloquence of a Gerry, a Story, the Lees, the Ormes, and many others. On high ground rises Abbot Hall, the most important public build- ing of the present day. It was built, in 1S77, from a fund left by Benjamin Abbot, a lifelong resident of the town. A magnificent view is obtained from the tall tower of this building. Marblehead Neck, which lies just across the harbor, is a penin- BOSTOy HARBOR AXD SEASIDE RESORTS. 143 sula one and one-fourth miles in length and about half a mile in width. It is approached by a narrow isthmus, formed of rocks and sand washed up by the waves. The ocean side is a bluff, rock- bound shore. The harbor, on the northwest side, is nearly a half-mile wide, and is one of the best yacht harbors on the coast. This fact led the members of the Eastcr7i YacJit ClUb to make this their head- quarters, and they built a club-house here in 1880. The Corinthiati Yacht CI lib has also a fine club-house on the Neck. Just outside this snug harbor, where the yachts of to-day contend for silver cups, the Chesapeake and the Shannon fired deadly broadsides at each other in the summer of 1813. The Neck is lined with beach cottages and hotels, and it is second to no sea-shore resort in the country for picturesqueness of surround- ings. Hotels. — Croivninshield Hotel (Clifton)— Special. Follet House (Marblehead Neck) — Special. Nanepashemet Hotel — $3 to $6. Salem Willows. — The tongue of land stretching out and forming the northern boundary of Salem Harbor is known as the Willows. This is a great point of attraction during the summer season, and every provision is made for the entertainment of the crowds who visit it. Beverly is situated on an indenture of the coast, formed by the harbors of Marblehead and Salem, It was originally a part of ancient Naumkeag, but was incorporated as an independent town in 1668. The fishing business, once quite extensive, is now insignifi- cant, and Beverly is an important shoe-manufacturing town. It is at, and beyond, Beverly that the true grandeur of the North Shore begins. From here to the northeast, as far as the eye can see, lies a marvelous coast, with curving beaches, wooded points, and rugged cliffs, from which you may look out over the blue sea and inhale its fragrance, and, by turning about, find yourself face to face with a rural landscape of quiet woods and green meadows. A succession of fine estates follows the shore, and, almost invariably, the houses stand in the midst of several acres of park-like grounds. Between Beverly and Gloucester are Pride's Crossing and Bev- erly Farms, beyond which lies West Manchester, Manchester, and Magnolia, by which names, for the sake of municipal or railway con- venience, one strip of shore is distinguished from another. 13 144 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. Beverly Hotels.— //(C/t/ Crafts — Special, Traftoji Hotcse — $2. Manchester Hotels. — Mascotioino — $4 to $5. Shade Mansion — Special. Magnolia Hotels. — Hesperus Hotel — 13. Oak Grove Hotel — ^$2.50. The Magnolia— %2>- so ^o %6. Willow Cottage — $2. Gloucester is thi) fy-one miles from Boston, by the Boston & Maine Railway. It was settled in 1633, and it has always been the important fishing town of this part of the world. Gloucester is in close connection, by electric cars, with Eastern Point, Bay View, Lancsville, and other neighborhoods. Eastern Point. — A large number of hotels and cottages will be found on Eastern Point, which forms the easterly boundary of Gloucester Harbor. On the ocean side are the delightful summer resorts known as Bass Roeks, and Gooel Harbor Beach. Hotels. — Bass Rock House — $3. Pavilion Hotel — $3. The Beachcrq^^Special. The South Sliore. The South Shore of Massachusetts Bay presents fewer striking contrasts than the North Shore, but it abounds in charming scenery of sea and kind, and it is more emphatically given over to the worship of tlie summer boarder. From Downer Landing and Hingham, around the queer little peninsula, on whose extremity stands the town of Hull, to Plymouth, the shore is lined with boarding-houses, hotels, and summer cottages. Downer Landing overlooks the 1)r()ad southern expanses of the harbor, and it is one of the most delightful resorts near the city. It is reached by steamboats, which run I'rom Rowe's Wharf eight or ten times daily to Hull, Nantasket, Downer Landing, and Hingham. Twenty years ago it was Crow Point, the home of a few cows, that roamed at will over its breezy hillsides. It is a place of cpiiet, pictur- esque views, and here one may batlie in water that is less cold and more shallow than at the other beaches. Among the attractions of Downer Landing maybe mentioned the Melville Garden, with an area of twenty acres, wherein are offered various amusements — boat- BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS. 145 ing, fishing, bathing, dancing, bowling, shooting, and opportunties for playing billiards, ball, croquet, tennis, lacrosse, and other games. Swings, flying-horses, and all sorts of sport are provided for children. It is a great resort for picnic parties from all sections of Eastern Mas- sachusetts. One of its features consists of an immense clam-bake pavilion — seating nearly i ,oo3 people at one time — where mammoth heaps of clams are baked upon stones, upon which a hot fire has been burning, placing over them seaweed to hold the heat. Ears of green corn are cooked in the same manner and at the same time. These clam-bakes are greatly enjoyed by the crowds who flock to Downer Landing on hot summer days, crowding the harbor steamers to the limit permitted by law. Hotel. — Rose Standish House — $3. Hingham. — After calling at Downer Landing, the steamer pro- ceeds up the tortuous harbor of Hingham to the quaint old town, which stands at its head. Hingham has many pleasant drives, with fine views of sea and harbor. The visitor will be charmed with the old Colonial houses, and " The Old Ship," the oldest church edifice in the country, dating from 16S1, and still in use. In the adjacent graveyard are the statue and tomb of John A. Andrew, the War Governor of Massachusetts, and the monument of General Lincoln, of Revolutionary fame. Hingham is on the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railway, which connects with the railroad running north to Nantasket Beach and Hull. Hotels. — Lincoln House — $3. Cushing House — %2. Hull is a quiet little town, of less than a thousand inhabitants, standing at the end of the peninsula, which stretches north from the South Shore, and forms a natural breakwater, which protects Boston Harbor. Here, on the high hill, which commands a view of the entire harbor, is the observatory, from which the arrival of vessels, their names, and the point from which they sailed, are telegraphed to the Chamber of Commerce in the city. Hull is only a half-hour from Boston by steamer, and it is the terminus of tlic railroad, a branch of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Rail- way, which runs the entire length of Nantasket Beach, a distance of five miles. The leading hostelry of the place is the Hotel Pemberton — %\, 146 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. Nantasket Beach is to Boston what Coney Island is to New York, in point of accessibility, and the various attractions and amusements provided for visitors. But in its picturesqueness and natural beauty, in the reasonableness of its hotels, and in the character of the crowds who throng it on warm summer days, it is far superior to the monotonous sand beach which is the delight of the metropolis. It is one of the most beautiful beaches in the world, sweeping round in a majestic curve, almost as even as a floor, miles in length, and offering unrivaled facilities for bathing, walking, driving, and lounging. There are aquariums, merry-go- rounds, miniature elevated railways, skating-rinks, Punch-and- Judy shows, and all the amusements which are provided to tempt the dimes from the pockets of good-natured visitors. Then there are the fakirs, with toy balloons, whips, peanuts, pop-corn, and lemonade, helping to swell the excitement and clamor; and dime museums, where circus acrobats and fat women pose for the entertainment of those who find pleasure in such shows. This beach is lined with hotels and restaurants, which cater to the day excursionists, most of whom scarcely leave the immediate vicinity until they take the steamer for the return trii^ to the city. No one should leave Nantasket without having taken the drive over the Jerusalem Road, one of the most famous roads in the country, along which one sees a succession of beautiful summer homes. Hotels. — Atlantic House — $3 to $4.50. Black Rock House — $2 to $3. Kermohassett House — $2 to $3. Nantasket House — $2. Rockland House — $4. Nantasket is reached by steamer from Rowe's Wharf, eight or ten times daily, and by the Old Colony division of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railway to Hingham, thence by the Nantasket Beach Railway. Cohasset is twenty miles from Boston by the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railway. It may be reached from Nantasket by carriage drive over the beautiful Jerusalem Road, above alluded to. It has a noble, rocky sea front, and is one of the most picturesque and romantic spots along the South Shore. A large theatrical colony have their summer homes here. Off shore is the famous Minot's Are Yob Reading The New Traveler ? 8 to 1 6 Pages One Cent "Boston's Best ^f Evening Newspaper. $9 BOSTO.V I/ARBOR AXD SEASIDE RESORTS. 147 Light, a tall tower of masonry, rising from ont the ocean and warn- ing navigators of the treacherous Cohasset rocks. Hotels. — Beals House — Special rates. Black Rock House — $3. Cohasset Hotel — $2. Scituate is a little town of less than 3,000 inhabitants, on the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railwa}'. Like other places along the shore, it has picturesque bluffs and beaches, with pleasing views over the bay and across the little harbor of the port. Near South Scituate is the estate of a Mr. Worthy, the original of the "Old Oaken Bucket " house. Samuel Wordsworth, the poet, lived here with his stepfather, Mr. Worthy, great-grandfather of the present owner. In 1S17 he wrote the well-known poem, and the well still gives forth cold and sparkling water. Hotels. — Coleman Heights Hotel — $2. Mitchell House — $1 . 50. Marshfield, the home of Daniel Webster, is a quiet seaside place where fishing, yachting, and shooting can be enjoyed to-day as well as when the great statesman here found relief from public cares and worries. Of him everything speaks. Hotels bear his name or boast that he once made them his resting-place; and of these, possibl}', the best known is the Brant Rock House, where, in the fall, hundreds of wild fowl ma}^ be shot from the very windows. The hotel is directly on the beach, within a few feet of the high-tide line, and in front of it lies the famous rock. Hotels.— Brant Rock House — $2. Fair View House — $2. Hunierock House — $3. Duxbury is a picturesque and delightful old Puritan town, where the Anglo- America)!. Cable Coinpany has its station. This was orig- inally the Fre7ich Atlantic Telegraph Company. Near the summer resort of South Duxbury rises the sightly Captain's Hill , crowned b)r a lofty round stone tower, erected as a memorial of Miles Standish, the military leader of the Pilgrim Colony, who lived at the base of the hill. This was also the home of John Alden, the hero of Longfellow's beautiful poem; Elder William Brewster, and other historical worthies. Hotels.— //^V//j- Hotel— %2. so. Powder Point House — Special rates. Standish House — $2. 50. 148 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. Plymouth, the resting-place of the Pilgrims, is often called the Mecca of the United States. It is a quiet little town of 8,000 inhab- itants, with charming views across its broad and shallow harbor and out over the broad Atlantic. Back of it are leagues of lake-strewn forest, "The Adirondacks of Massachusetts," where herds of deer still linger. Plymouth would be a most desirable summer resort if there were no historic associations to supplement her superb natural attractions. As it is, however, the first-named qualifications are those, mainly, that are widely known, and thousands of visitors to her scenes yearly discover that in her woods and shores, her hills, roads, and magnificent rural situations, and in her glorious blending of land and ocean scenery, to say nothing of the salubrity of her climate, she is entitled to claim recognition as one of the finest watering-places in the country. For the benefit of those persons who think only of "Plymouth Rock," the " Mayflower," and other historic matters, when visiting this famed town, the following information is pre- sented: The idea of building a monument to the memory of the Pil- grim Fathers was early entertained in Plymouth, and became the definite object of the Pilgrim Society upon its organization, and, through the efforts of this society, the National Monument to the Pil- grims was erected in i88g. The monument grounds are on Cushman Street, and from them fine views of the harbor, bay, and roadsteads are to be had ; of the " Cowyard," where the " Mayflower" lay at anchor ; of Clark's Island, upon which the Pilgrims passed their first Sunday ; of the Miles Standish Monument, surmounting Captain's Hill, in Duxbury, and of much fine scenery, if the weather be favorable. The total height of the monument is 81 feet from the ground to the top of the head of the statue. Following are some of the dimensions or this work, said to be the largest and finest piece of granite statuary in the world : Height of the base, 45 feet ; height of statue, 36 feet. The outstretched arm measures, from shoulder to elbow, 10 feet xy^ inches ; from elbow to tip of finger, 9 feet 9 inches ; total length of arm, 19 feet 10 j^ inches. The head measures around at the forehead 13 feet 7 inches. The points of the star in the wreath around the head are just i foot across. The arm, just below the short sleeve, measures 6 feet 10 inches around ; below the elbow, 6 feet 2 inches. The wrist is 4 feet around. The length of the finger pointing upward is 2 feet I inch, and is i foot S>^ inches around. The thumb BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS. 149 measures i foot $>}4. inches around. The circumference of the neck is 9 feet 2 inches, and the nose is i foot 4 inches long. From center to center of the eyes is i foot 6 inches. The figure is 216 times life- size. The plan of the principal pedestal is octagonal, with four small and four large faces. From the small faces project four buttresses, or wing pedestals. On the main pedestal stands the figure of Faith, one foot resting upon Forefathers' Rock, the left hand holding a Bible; the right, uplifted, pointing to heaven. On each of the four smaller, or wing, pedestals is a seated figure. They are emblematic of the principles upon which the Pilgrims proposed to found their Commonwealth. The first is Morality, holding the Decalogue in her left and the scroll of Revelation in her right hand. Her look is upward toward the impersonation of the Spirit of Religion above. In a niche, on one side of her throne, is a prophet, and in the other one of the Evangelists. The second of these figures is Law : on one side Justice, on the other Mercy. The third is Education : on one side Wisdom, ripe with years ; on the other Youth, led by Experience, The fourth figure is Freedom : on one side Peace rests under its pro- tection ; on the other Tyranny is overthrown by its powers. Upon the faces of these projecting pedestals are alto-reliefs, representing scenes from the history of the Pilgrims — the Departure from Delft Haven, the Signing of the Social Compact, the Landing at Plymouth, and the First Treaty with the Indians. Returning from the monument grounds to Court Street (the main street), and passing the head of Old Colony Park, the first interesting point of visitation is Pilgrim Hall, on the same side of the street with the park, and distant from it about thirty or forty rods. Within this hall \vill be found a museum of Pilgrim me- morials and curiosities. A short distance from Pilgrim Hall, still keeping upon Court Street, the court house occupies a commanding site on the right, a pretty lawn in front. In this building are to be found many valuable and curious documents, including the Patent Docu- ments and Records of the Colony, the will of Miles Standish, etc. These will be shown upon application to the Registry of Deeds. The court house is situated at the base of Burial Hill, on the north; but, to visit this famous spot, it is better to return to Court Street and continue the walk southward. At the head of 150 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. North Street, the name of the main thoroughfare changes from Court to Main Street, and the course is directly through the busi- ness section of the town. Main Street soon abuts upon Leyden Street, the first street laid out by the Pilgrims, and abounding in their memorials to this day. Arrived at Leyden Street, on the right, looking westward, is Town Square, and beyond the square the gravestones of Burial Hill are in full view. On the left, or eastward, the street runs directly to the water front, a side street at the brow of the hill, opposite the first house, winding northerly to Cole's Hill, which overlooks the Rock and its canopy. From Burial Hill a series of the finest outlooks imaginable are afforded, including scenes and localities of greater or less historic importance; and all the immediate neighborhoods are centers of historic associations. Here is the site of the ancient fort, which served as a meeting-house, and toward which the Pilgrims wended their way with muskets upon shoulder or swords in place. The graves of Pilgrims are in every part of this elevated burying ground. Looking outward over the ocean waters, the course of the " Mayflower," her anchorage, Clark's Island, the Gurnet, and all the harbor and bay situations con- nected with Pilgrim adventures are in full view. Landward some notable localities of Council Fires and Indian Feasts are to be seen. From Burial Hill standpoints the town lies literally under one's feet. Main Street has three streets abutting upon and running at right angles with it — North Street, Middle Street, and Le3'den Street; and each of these leads directly to Cole's Hill and the water front, overlooking the Rock and the shore line. Cole's Hill was the place of burial of many of the Pilgrims who died during the first winter, their graves having been carefully concealed, so that the Indians might not know of them. Here were buried, also, many Indians. The Rock and the original Landing Place are at the base of this steep hill, and a few steps brings the visitor from its brow to the canopy over the Rock. In the War of the Revolution, and in that which followed from 1812 to 1S15, fortifications were maintained upon this hill. As the distances oceanward are somewhat deceptive to unpracticed eyes, it may be here noted that from the water front opposite the BOSTON HARBOR AMD SEASIDE RESORTS. 151 canopy of the Rock, the distance to Gurnet Light is within a small fraction of five miles. The length of Plymouth Beach, which forms the outer protection of the harbor, from the Manomet Hills to the extreme point of the beach, is a little more than three and a half miles. The beach, from head to point, is two and five-eighths miles in length. When the Pilgrims landed, this beach was largely covered with forest growth, in which deer and other animals common to the Plymouth woods to this day roamed. A ride on the electric railroad, which pursues the line of the water from Kingston Village to Hotel Pilgrim, near the base of the ^lano- met Hills, will make available a constant succession of harbor and bay views, from constantly changing standpoints, and is one of the best experiences possible to the visitor to the Plymouth locality. If this ride is supplemented by a drive to some more inland point or points within a short distance of the shores, the delights of the Plymouth trip will be indefinitely multiplied. A visit in this way to Morton Park, one of the finest provisions of its kind; Billington Sea, South Ponds, or the White Horse neighborhoods, or in almost any direction along or away from the water front, will richly repay the trouble and expense in making it, and afford the visitor an apprecia- tion of the natural beauties and resources of this ancient town. The Plymouth Steamboat makes one round trip daily from Sar- gent's Wharf, passing the forts and islands mentioned elsewhere in this chapter. Outside of Boston Light, it turns to the southward, down the Old Colony Coast, passing Nantasket Beach, Minot's Ledge Lighthouse, Cohasset, Scituate, Marshfield, and Duxbury. Plymouth is also reached by the Old Colony division of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railway. Hotels.— Hotel Pilgrim — $2.50 to $3. Manomet House — $2. Samoset House — $2.50 to $3. INDEX. PAGE ADAMS, Statue of Samuel 123 American Academy of Arts and Sciences 117 Ames Building .- 123 Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company 1 19 Annexed Districts 28 Apartment Houses 22 Apollo Club 72 Apple Island-- - 138 Arnold Arboretum ..- 48 Art Club, The Boston 113 Associated Charities 1 1 1 Athletics. - 74 Austin & Stone's Museum 68 "DAGGAGE Transfers and De- -*-' livery 11 Barnum Museum 69 Base Ball -. 75 Bass Point ..- 141 Beacon Hill --- 128 Beverly - 143 Beverly Farms 143 Boarding and Lodging Houses... 23 Boston Athenaeum 69, 94 Boston Athletic Association .. 74 Boston City Hospital - - 109 Boston College 80 Boston Light -- 139 Boston Medical Library Associa- tion 95 Boston Museum-.. 64, 69 Boston Natural History Museum. 69 Boston Normal School 78 Boston Public Library _ - - 88 Boston Symphony Orchestra 73 Boston Theater - 65 Boston University 79 Botanical Garden -- 69 Bowdoin Square Theater- -.- 65 Boylston Club - 73 Boys' Latin and English High School 76 Brewster's Island -.. 139 Brighton District 33 Brookline 34 Bug Light 139 Bunker Hill 133 Bunker Hill Monument 32 PAGE, Bunker Hill Museum 69 Burying Ground, Old 59 Bussey Institution 83 pAMBRIDGE 35, 132 ^ Carney Hospital no Castle Island ---50, 135 Castle Square Theater... 65 Cecilia Society 73 Cemeteries 38 Central Burying Ground 63 Central District 26 Chainber of Commerce 123 Charities and Hospitals 108 Charities, Associated m Charities, Private.. u Charlesbank, The 47 Charlestown District 31, 133 Chauncy Hall School 80 Chestnut Hill Reservoir 33 Chickering Hall 66 Christ Church 58 Churches, Protestant 99 Churches, Roman Catholic 104 City Hall 126 Clubs, Societies, and Military Organizations 112 Cohasset 146 Columbia Theater 66 Common, The 42 Commonwealth Avenue 131 Concord 37 Congregational Library 95 Copley Square 131 Copps Hill Burying Ground 60 Corinthian Yacht Club 143 Country Club 35 Court House, The County 127 Custom House i DEER Island 137 Dorchester District 31 Downer Landing 144 Duxbury 147 EASTERN Point.. 144 Eastern Yacht Club 143 Educational Institutions 76 Elks, The Benevolent and Pro- tective Order of 118 Ericsson, Statue of Leif 132 (152) INDEX. 153 PAGE FANEUIL Hall 52, 70 Fens, The 47 Ferries 17 Fine Arts, Museum of 132 Forest Hills Cemetery 40 Fort Independence 135 Fort Warren 135 Fort Winthrop 135 Franklin Park 48 Franklin, Statue of Benjamin 126 Free Mason ry 118 Furnished Rooms 23 GARRISON, vStatue of William Lloyd _.. 131 General Theological Library 95 George's Island 137 Girls' Latin and High School 77 Gloucester 144 Glover, Statue of Gen. John 131 Government Building 121 Governor's Island. 135 Grand Museum 66 j Grand Opera House 66 [Great Brewster Island 139 1 Greater Boston 34 Gallop's Island 138 jTLTACKS and Cabs 12 j -'--'- Handel and Haydn Society. 73 ; Harbor, The 134 Harvard Bridge 132 I Harvard Dental School 84 ! Harvard Medical School 84, 132 ; Harvard Musical Association 73 i Harvard University 80 Hemenway Building 127 Hingham 145 Historic Genealogical Collection . 70 Hollis Street Theater 66 Horace Mann School for Deaf Mutes 78 Horticultural Hall 67 Hospitals io8 Hotels 17 Howard Athenaeum. 66 Hull 145 Huntington Hall 66 JACOB Sleeper Hall 128 J Jamaica Park 48 TT'EITH'S New Theater 67 -•^ King's Chapel 57 Kmg's Chapel Burying Ground .. '59 Krino Grotto Museum and Gar- dens 70 T ECTURES 75 ^ Leverett Park 47 Libraries.. 76, 87 Long Island 136 Lovell's Island 138 PAGE Lyceum Theater 67 Lynn 36, :4i MAGNOLIA 143 Manchester 143 Mann, Statue of Horace 128 M arblehead 142 Marblehead Neck 142 Marine Park, The 50 Marshfield 147 Massachusetts Charitable Me- chanic Association. 117 Massachusetts College of Phar- macy... 85 Massachusetts General Hospital.. 108 Massachusetts Historical Museum 70 Massachusetts Historical Society. 117 Massachusetts Historical Society Library 95 Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hos- pital... log Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology 84, 132 Mechanics' Hall 7. 68 Medford 36 Metropolitan Boston 34 Military Organizations 118 Milk Street 121 Moon Island 138 Mount Auburn Cemetery 38 Museums and Collections 69 Museum (Agassiz) of Compara- tive Zoology 70 Museum of Fine Arts .96, 132 Music and Musical Societies 72 Music Hall 67 ■\TAHANT 140 -'■^ Nantasket Beach.. 146 Natural History Museum Library 95 Navy Yard 32 New England Conservatory of Music 85 New England Historic Genealog- ical Society 95, 117 Newspaper Row 125 Newton 36 Nix's Mate. 136 Normal Art School 86 North End 25 North Shore, The 139 (^DD Fellows 118 ^^ Old Corner Book Store, The. 57 Old Granary Burying Ground 62 Old South Meeting House, The... 56 Old South Museum, The 71 Old State House 54 Old State House Collection.. 71 Orpheus Musical Society 73 pALACE Theater 68 ^ Parks and Squares ^ 42 154 INDEX. PAGE Park Square Station 9 Park Theater 68 Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology _. 71 Pemberton Square 127 Perkins Institution and Massa- chusetts School for the Blind. 86 Plymouth 148 Plymouth Rock... 148 Pride's Crossing 143 Protestant Churches gg Protestant Episcopal Theological School 86 Public Garden 44 Public Library... 131 Public Park System, The New 46 QUINCY Market, The 123 Quincy, Statue of Josiah 126 RAILWAY vStations 7 Rainsford's Island 138 Religious Organijtations 106 Restaurants 21 Revere Beach 140 Roman Catholic Churches 104 Roxbur y District, The 30 ST. John's Boston Ecclesiastical Seminary 87 Salem 36 Salem Willows 143 School Street 126 School of Veterinary Medicine... 84 Schools, Private 87 Schools, Public 76 Scituate 147 Scollay Square 127 Sears Building 124 Seaside Resorts 139 Secret Orders 118 Social Law Library 96 Societies, Scientific and Learned. 117 Societies for Social Improvement 107 Society of Decorative Art 113 Soldiers' Monument, Charlestown 133 Somerville 36 South Boston 29 South Duxbury 147 PAGl. South End 27 South Shore 144 Spectacle Island 138 Sports, Field 74 State House 128 State House Collection 72 State Library of Massachusetts .. 96 State Street 124 Steamers, Coastwise and River .. 10 -i Steamers, Sound 9 Steamships, Trans- Atlantic 10 Stock Exchange 124 Street Car Routes 13 Street Car Transfers 15 Subway, The 26 Sunday in Boston 98 S wampscott 141 'T^HEATERS and other Amuse- -*- ments 64 Thomas Park 29 Thompson's Island 136 Tremont Temple 6q Tremont Theater 68 Turnhalle, The 69 TJNION STATION 9 WARREN Museum of Natural History 71 Washington Street 120 Webster, Statue of 128 Welleslev College 87 West End, The 27 West Manchester 143 West Roxbur y District, The 33 Winthrop 140 Winthrop, Statue of John 127 Women's Educational and Indus- trial Union 108 AT OUNG Men's Christian Asso- ^ elation. 107 Young Men's Christian Union 107 Young Men's Hebrew Association 107 Young Women's Christian Asso- ciation 107 ■■■ I ^ T.--r=ap - 11 ^ i " i iH' iii " i r--^^^ -'^*^ — '^ .1. ARMSTRONG'S Railway Dining . . AND . . News Rooms ooston & Albany Railroad and branches. Passenger Station, Boston, and other points on line of road. oston & Maine Railroad, Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western, and all other Divisions. New Union Station, Boston, and others on that road. '^Hchburg Railroad and its branches. New Union Station, Boston, and other places on that road. »ncord & Montreal Railroad and branches. Passenger Station, Manchester and Concord, N. H., and others on line of road. Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad. Passenger Station, Boston, and other points on road. Central Passenger Station. Taunton, [^lass., Old Colony System of N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. GEORGE W. ARMSTRONG. Genera/ Office, 80 Uiica St. {Opposite Boston & Albany Passenger Station), BOSTON, MASS. Leaks \n Business, The little losses make the differertce ? between suc- cess and failure in business. Thousands of New England merchants have turned these little losses into gains by the use of a National Cash Register. We would like to talk the matter over with you personally. A postal card will let us know you are interested. HIGH & HOYT, No. 177 Washington Street, BOSTON, MASS. FREE EXHIBITION OF Japanese Goods . . . One of the most interesting places to visit while in Boston is the well-known JAPANESE STORE of GEO. N. SEAMAN & CO. SS and 35 John St. near Blackstone St. The oldest and largest Japanese importing house in Boston. You will find there a large collection of . . . Yases, Curios, Fans, Screens, Portieres, Jardinieres, Bronzes, Cups and Saucers, Dishes, Umbrella Stands, Rugs, Bamboo Furniture, Bric-a-Brac, Lanterns, Lawn Umbrellas, Toys, Dolls, Trays, Gongs, Silk Handkerchiefs, Tete-a-Tete Sets, Japanese Napkins, Gold Cloth, Incense, Chocolate Pots, Garden Seats, Genuine Japanese Stores, Teak-wood Stands, Tables . . . Also a choice line of NOVELTIES, etc., A visit to their store will be both interesting and instructive. Don't forget the name . . . Geo. iN. Seaman & Co. Wholesale and Retail, 33 and 35 John St., BOSTON. 14 Mellish, Byfield & Co. 4 . . . I>1/\KERS OF . . . FURNITURE * Interior Woodwork, Mantels, Upholstery, . . MD Ml . . Interior Decorative Work. Special Designs \Y/ Submitted. 20 Charlestown Street, Boston, Mass RELIABLE DENTAL WORK Gold Crowns and Bridge Work a Specialty, High-Grade Work Guaranteed At Moderate Prices . . . Dr. W. S. Cooling, «« TsSSf"* Merrill Sl Co., Wholesale Commission I^erchants in _ — — ^ FRUITS -2 PRODUCE i i North Market and 1 1 Clinton Streets, BOSTON. t^BANANAS a Specialty.-^ Boston Potato Chip and Vienna Pop Corn Works Boston Potato Chip Co., Office and Manufactory, Proprietors. 139 BLACKSTONE ST. Grocers, Provision Dealers, Bakers, and Lunch Counters furnished with Fresh Chips daily. Vienna Pop Corn Goods (in all varieties) furnished on all occasions to Fairs, Excur- sions, Fruit and Confectionery Stores, Beaches, Railroad Lunch Counters, and Variety Stands, Sociables, Etc. Goods mamjfaaured jn^jahous flavors YOUI OrdeiS SoliCJted. A. W.MITCHELL MFG. CO. ^^ Badges — '^ Door Plates.. Dog Collars, Seals, Stencils, Burning Brands, Baggage Checks, Steel, Brass, and Rubber Stamps. ..CHAS. J. LITTLE.. 200 Washington Street, -i^BOSTON, MASS. Pool Brothers WHOLESALE DEALERS IN BEEF, PORK, LARD, HAMS FLOUR TRIPE, TONGUES, DRIED BEEF, PIGS' FEET, BEANS, ETC. Boston Agents for the Springfield Provision Co. No. 20 SOUTH MARKET STREET, r.J.:'oVL\- ^i— BOSTON. Batchelder Bros. COAL AND WOOD D J No. 356 Federal St. r> j. Boston. Telephone, 1156 Fabulous Sales of Popular Novels. G. W. Dillingham, Publisher, New York, seems to have the art of making novels go in times good or bad. During an interview with Mr. Dillingham, a few days since, he was asked to what he attributed his great success. He replied: "Study, icork, and judicious admrtising, but the greatest of these is advertising." He said that he had sold the following numbers of the books of his most popular authors ; the fig- ures are certainly m?7iense .• Mary J. Holmes, nearly 2,000,000; May Agnes Fleming. 750,000; Augusta J. Evans, 400,000; Albert Ross, nearly 1,000,000; Marion Harland, 500,000; J. Esten Cooke, 85,000; Mayne Reid, 170,000; Julie P. Smith, 120,000; New York Weekly Series, 200,- 000; A. S. Roe, 125,000; Frank Lee Benedict, 80,000; Allan Pinkerton, 175,000; Chas. Dickens, 450,000; M. T. Walworth, 90,000; Celia E. Gardner, 80,000; M. M. Pomeroy, 60,000; Victor Hugo, 110,000; Ruf- fini, 15,000; and of books other than novels : Artemus Ward, 20,000; Laus Veneris, 18,000; Michelet, 100,000; Renan, 30,000. The above is only a partial list of the books with large sales issued by Mr. Dilling- ham. — New York Tribune. M. J. CONANT & CO. . . . DEALERS IN . . . Butter, Cheese, and Eggs 21 AND 22 South Market Street. 27 CHATHAM STREET M. J. CONANT. W. S. VINCENT. BOSTON NEWTON A. HOAK. ESTABLISHED 1845. james misochi. CHAS KIIVIBALL & C5v WHOLESALE AND JOBBERS Foreign and Domestic ORANGES, i-^ .. i-fc t Sk Fruits and Produce APPLES, Potatoes, CRANBERRIES, Etc. Sweet Potatoes, Onions, and Eggs... Cor. Atlantic Ave. and Clinton St. BOSTON TELEPHONE CONNECTION. FINEST GROWN Albert E. Hughes DEALER IN AND MANUFACTURER OF ^S how cases 309 WASHINGTON STREET, OPPOSITE OLD SOUTH CHURCH, BOSTON. EASTERN FISH COMPANY WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN Fish ;. Lobsters Oysters &c. 180 Eliot Street and 34 Carver Street BOSTON E. B. WADSWORTH, Proprietor ESTABLISHED 1797. HOOPER, LEWIS &. CO. FORMERLY BENJ. LORING & CO. \ Imjiorter^ \ WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS. Stationery and Blank Books, ...VIENNA NOVELTIES.. Some very beautiful designs, Selected by our agent in Vienna. Also Leather Goods • Portfolios • Pocket Books Letter and Card Cases • Photo Albums Backgammon and Chess Boards • Library Inkstands • IN WOOD. BRASS, SILVER. GILT, AND BRONZE. Chessmen, Cribbage and Bezique Boxes, American and German Playing Cards, Letter and Note Papers, Envelopes, Visiting Cards, etc. 8 MILK STREET, BOSTON, Near Washington Street. Jones, IVlcDuffee&Stratton Invite the attention of intending buyers, or those interested in seeing the newest productions of the Potters' and Glassmakers' art, Constantly arriving from original sources in England, France, Germany, China, Japan, and the best American Potteries and Glass Factories. \\\ Grades... from the ordinary to the most costly sets and pieces. [^ore than fifty stock patterns of Table Ware to choose from — in sets or separate pieces — always readily matched — an advantage appreciated by experienced housekeepers. Outfits in this line for Hotels, Clubs, Yachts, and Families. Dinner Set Department— 3d Floor. Glassware Department— 2d Floor. Stock Pattern Department— 4th Floor. Lamp Department— Gallery Floor. Art Pottery, Wedding Gifts, etc.— 3d Floor. Toilet Sets, Umbrella Stands, Plant Pots, Vienna Glass, Boston Souvenir \i/are— Main Floor. Inspection invited .... Jones, McDuffee & Stratton China, Glass, and Lamps (Seven Floors) Wholesale and Retail 1 20 Franklin—Cor. Federal—Boston Why Pay High Prices o For Imported Cigars • The Corina Cigars Are the same stock, at less price, made by Spanish workmen. • . FOR SALE AT ALL STATIONS ON THE Boston & Maine, and Boston & Albany Railroad, . . . BY . . . GEO. W. ARMSTRONG. The Rival Bouquet Is Sold at the Depot Stands and on all the Trains. • • • • Its Fine Aromatic Flavor Pleases Everyone. DON'T FAIL TO TRY THE RIVAL BOUQUET • • • • FOR SALE BY GEO. W. ARMSTRONG Have You Read The Latest Novel BY Archibald Clavering Cunter? AUTHOR OF ''Mr. Barnes of New York," *' Mr. Potter of Texas," '' That Frenchman," ''Miss Nobod}^ of Nowhere," "Miss Dividends," "Baron Montez of Pana- ma and Paris," " A Princess of Paris," "The King's Stock-broker," "The First of the English," "The Ladies' Juggernaut," "Small Bo^^s in Big Boots," &c., &c. " Mr. Gunter's books are more generall}^ read than perhaps those of an}^ other living author." — London Times, London, Eng. FOR SALE EVERYWHERE. Paper, 50 cents. Cloth, $1.00. The Home Publishing Co. 3 East 14th St., NEW YORK. JOHN P. SQUIRE Sl CO., (CORPORATION.) 21, 23 and 25 FaneuU Hall I^arketJ orkexrkM on r,„ri /in \i\rth Market Street. ( mJ\J\J I ^Ji^^ 39 and 40 North IMarket Street, Packers, Curers, and Wholesale Dealers in PORK, LARD, TRIPE, Sausages, Pigs' Feet, and all cuts of Bacon and Hams for Home and Foreign Trade. ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF EXITK;^ XjJLIRTD OIXj. Slaughtering and Curing Establishment, (69 GORE STREET, EAST CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Retail "IMiller's River Market," opposite Works. FRANK O. SQUIRE, President. FRED. F. SQUIRE, Treasurer. ...OUR SPECIALTIES... In the WHISKEY LINE are "Kentwood" Fun Quarts, Fine and Old ... . Each Bottle in a Pasteboard Cartoon. "White Lace" 5 Rich, Old, and Plellow. Both these brands are popular alike with the Physician and the Connoisseur FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS. Carter, Carter & Kilham, WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS, 20 Merrimac Street, corner Friend, . , , BOSTON. NOTED THE WORLD OVER FOR ITS PURITY AND HEALTHGIVING PROPERTIES." Rochester BREW. „ . / ^ -rr ^^ ,^ Rochester, N. Y. CO.'S r^^ FAMOUS Lager Beer IF YOU DO NOT KNOW WHO OUR NEAREST AGENT IS WRITE US ■ Sold by all first-class hotels, restaurants, and dealers in general IN WOOD AND IN BOTTLES. See that every bottle bears the name ''Rochester Brewinsf Co." EASTERN OFFICE '20^.^0.^ ''A" <^t Rn^^TON AND NEW ENGLAND BRANCH, ' ^^^^"^ '^ M.,BUJ>IUN. RIENZI, the Finest Table Beer in the World. ROCHESTER BREWING CO. Vincent, Hathaway & Co., . . !>I/\NUFACTIRERS OF . . Summer Beverages WHOLESALE DEALERS IN Ale, Porter, Lager Beer, Wines, and Liquors. The Largest Stock, The Lowest Prices. ESTABLISHED, 1864. 103 and 105 Broad St., Boston. We Advocate Compulsory education of the children of immigrants in our public schools. The improvement and protection of the public school. The restriction of immigration of all classes, and the prohibition of immigration of all unworthy and vicious. The total prohibition of the use of public funds for sectarian purposes. The removal of sex discrimination in suf- frage, and the restriction of the ballot to the intelligent and worthy. The taxation of church property. ^•^ For eight years we have advocated these principles, during which time our con- stituency has grown from fifteen hundred to tens of thousands. The American Citizen 7 Broomfield Court, BOSTON. L. ALL NEWSDEALERS, - - FIVE CENTS. BISCUITS FOR SOCIAL OCCASIONS AND HOME USE... ARISTOCRACY RECEPTION TEA ASSORTED WAFERS FLEUR-DE-LIS PETITE WAFERS A T HOME .... Packed in handsome one-pound packages. We also call your attention to the following choice Biscuit : MAGNOLIA LUNCH H. PEARSONS PILOT ROYAL FRUIT ICED MAPLE COMMONWEALTH BUTTERS VANILLA CREAMS • MANUFACTURED BY • BOSTON BAKERY • United States Baking Co. Did You Read To-Day The American Newspaper... = of New England .;. The Boston • Daily Standard' If Not ? Why Not ? THE STANDARD is a thoroughly Independent, Clean, Progn sive, Wide-Awake, Well-Written American Newspaper. THE STANDARD advocates Restriction of Immigration, Defer: our Public Schools, and Works for >lunicipal Reform. THE STANDARD tells the Whole Truth and Nothing but Truth. 2 Cents 2^^^ ^^Py ^^ ^ $6.00 per year. "^ 50c. per month. Geo. W. Armstrong Sells the Standard at all his R. R. News-stands. J^^The Standard is also iort^alebv every newsdealer and boy in New England.