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 \ POCKET MANUAL 
 
 Lancasterian System 
 
 OF 
 
 IN ITS MOST IMPROVED STATE : 
 
 As practised in the Model School, First School 
 District, Pennsylvania. 
 
 J Cj 
 By J. T.: RHEES, Principal 
 
 I 
 
 PHILADELPHIA : 
 1827. 
 

 3c 7? (fi^ 
 
 I 
 
r PREFACE. 
 
 J 
 
 •^ ^^ The Lancasterian or Monitorial System 
 yt of instruction, has formed a new era in ele- 
 5 mentary education. Its decided superiority 
 ^ over every other mode, has been so well test- 
 ■^ €d by experience, and so thoroughly eviden- 
 ced by its success, that it requires neither ar- 
 gument ;nor illustration to defend it. Its 
 economy alone sufficiently recommends it for 
 immediate adoption, in every district where 
 the population is dense. The simple fact, 
 that 300 children, under the superintendance 
 of a competent teacher, may be rapidly and 
 efficiently instructed, in all the elementary 
 branches of an English education, for a sum 
 less than $%50, each child, per annum, is of 
 itself conclusive. 
 
 •'How important is this system, then, as 
 the means of the performance of a great pub- 
 lic duty! a duty incumbent on every intelli- 
 gent citizen, the diffusion of moral and intel- 
 lectual light among all classes of the commu- 
 nity." 
 
 The following view of the Lancasterian Sys- 
 tem, of Education, prepared by the writer, is 
 now principally published for the use of the 
 Monitors and Tutors in the Model School, 
 and for persons wishing to become acquaint- 
 ed with the system, who will find it an im- 
 portant auxiliary in acquiring a knowledge 
 of the manner of conducting the business of 
 a larjje school. 
 
>ran y improve ment? have been made ia 
 the system of monitorial instruction in this? 
 city, under the auspices of the "Board of 
 Control;** and the enlightened and distin- 
 guished philanthropist, who has so long, and 
 with so much zeal and ability, presided ever 
 its deliberations. 
 
 The more prominent improvements, are> 
 the new arrangement of the room, and the 
 introduction of assistant tutors in the ad- 
 ministration of the system. 
 
 The new arrangement (adopted in the 
 Model School for boys, and the Southwark 
 School for girls,; places the teacher's desk 
 midway of the room, against one of the side 
 walls, with the desks facing towards it in 
 three ranges, having passages between them; 
 thus giving to the teacher a more command- 
 ing \"iew of the whole school. In every re- 
 spect it possesses decided advantages over 
 the old arrangement. 
 
 "The Board of Control finding that the 
 most experienced monitors of the school, were 
 frequently withdrawn by their parents at the 
 moment when their services were most valu- 
 able,*' with the commencement of the pre- 
 sent year, introduced into the administration 
 of the system. Assistant Tutors. 
 
 These are lads from fifteen to seventeen 
 or eighteen years of age, who are competent 
 to give instruction to any of the children or 
 monitors in the school. Their services are 
 secured for a given time, one half of which 
 
iS to be spent in acquiring useful and higiit_r 
 knowledge in tlie Hisrh School of the Frank- 
 lin Institute, as compensation for the assis- 
 tance rendered in the Model School. Thev 
 are four in number, and are alteruatelv two 
 at a time one week in each school. 
 
 The politeness and attention of Mr. Wal- 
 ter R.Johnson. Principal of the High School, 
 in meeting the views and \Wshe5 of the Board 
 of Control and Teacher, merits their ac- 
 knowledgment. 
 
 Theseynuth v>il! betrainin^asLancasterian 
 teachers: and under the able instruction of 
 Mr. Johnson, will be competent, at the end 
 of their eugaaement. to take charge of vacant 
 schools, or be in readiness to open new schools 
 on proper principles; and wiiJ'. minds en- 
 lightened, to give aueficctive character to the 
 monitorial system. 
 
 This will be an important consideration 
 in advancing the interests of uaiversal edu- 
 cation. 
 
 '•The introduction of tutorsis attended with 
 little expense, and is found to be very advan- 
 tageous. It affords the principal more time 
 for the careful examination and insti'uction of 
 the higher classes, and fur the more vigilant 
 in5pt:ction uf each part of the school in its 
 turn.-' 
 
 Those parts of this compilation, marked 
 with inverted commas, 'not included in the 
 preface,) are extracts from the *• Manual of 
 the British and Foreio;n School Societv.*' for- 
 
nierly adopted as the rule of government in 
 our schools. 
 
 Notwithstanding the rules laid down in 
 this manual, as to arrangement and disci- 
 pline, much will depend on the judgment of 
 teachers, who must in a great measure be 
 governed by the circumstances under wliich 
 they are placed. It is recommended, how- 
 ever, to adhere as closely as possible to it, as 
 experience has proved its utility and conve- 
 nience. And as it contains all that is in the 
 manual before alluded to, necessary to be 
 known for the proper disposition and go- 
 vernment of a school, it is believed, the 
 "'Pocket Manual," now oifered to the con- 
 sideration of those interested, will afford fa- 
 cilities not before possessed, for obtaining 
 a knowledge of the Lancasterian system. 
 
 In the Lancasterian schools, we profess to 
 teach Spelling, Reading, Writing, and Arith- 
 metic; with some History, Geography, and 
 Grammar, 
 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
 
 For the Government of the Public Schools^ 
 with advice to the Parents and Guardians 
 ofPujnh belonging thereto. 
 
 First. — The hours for instruction through- 
 out the year, shall be from nine to twelve 
 o'clock in the morning, and from two to five 
 in the afternoon. 
 
 Second. — A vacation of three weeks shall 
 be allowed, in the month of August, and on 
 the afternoon of the last day of every week. 
 
 Third. — Parents or Guardians shall not at 
 any time, or on any occasion, interfere in the 
 government of the schools. 
 
 Fourth. — They shall not detain the chil- 
 dren at home on any frivolous employment, 
 but shall be particular in sending them to 
 school at the stated hour, with clean face 
 and hands, hair combed, and as decently ap- 
 parelled as their circumstances will permit. 
 
 Fifth. — It is recommended that Parents 
 and Guardians co-operate with the Teachers 
 by strict attention to the morals and beha- 
 viour of the children while at home, to keep 
 them at all times from associating with idle, 
 noisy, or wicked company in the streets, or 
 elsewhere: and especially to exert their au- 
 thority to prevent the pernicious habits of 
 swearing, lying, and other vices and immo- 
 
8 
 
 ralities; and endeavour to set before theni 
 examples of sobriety and good conduct. — To 
 inculcate obedience to their Teachers, and a 
 due respect to superiors in age — frequently 
 to read to them the Holy Scriptures — to go 
 with, or send them to some place of public 
 worship on the Sabbath day; and generally 
 by their demeanour and manners, endeavour 
 to train them in virtuous, religious, and in- 
 dustrious habits, that may enable them to 
 perform the various duties of life with honour 
 to themselves and benefit to society. 
 
 By order^ and on behalf of the Controllers 
 if the Public Schools^ 
 
 ROBERTS VAUX, 
 
 President, 
 
 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE 
 ROOM, FIXTURES, &c. 
 
 The room occupied by the boys, of the 
 Model School, is an oblong square, 40 feet 
 by 80 feet. 
 
 The teacher's platform is about 4 feet 6 in- 
 ches wide, 2 feet 10 inches in height, and 20 
 feet long; situated against one of the side 
 walls, equi distant fromthe ends of the room, 
 thus giving him a commanding view of the 
 whole school. 
 
 The middle of the room is occupied by the 
 forms which face the teacher's and monitor's 
 
9 
 
 desks in three ranges, having passages three 
 feet wide between ihem. In these forms we 
 can seat 339 boys with ease, each boy hav- 
 ing about 18 inches square. 
 
 A passage 6 feet wide extends round the 
 room, in which the children are drawn out 
 in drafts to spell and read. An Assistant 
 Tutor's desk is placed in front of each of the 
 end ranges of desks. And the six General 
 Monitors are placed at desks on the right 
 and left of the teacher's desk, and in front 
 of the platform; the passage between the 
 platform and middle range of desks being 8 
 feet wide. 
 
 SEMI-CIRCLES, 
 
 *' On the floor of the passages, semi-cir- 
 cles are formed opposite to the wall," by 
 fixing a wire in the boards; each circle has 
 a radius about 3 feet, 18 inches space being 
 left between them. 
 
 Twelve inches from the outer edge of these 
 circles, and 20 inches from the forms, is fixed 
 a wire, extending round the room, to direct 
 the movement of the children in passing from 
 their forms to the circles, and back again to 
 their seats. 
 
 TELEGRAPHS, 
 
 Are small sheet iron plates, in the form 
 of an urn. " One of these plates is attach 
 
10 
 
 ed to each class, and is supported at the end 
 of a desk at a convenient height to be general- 
 ly seen. Upon one side is inscribed the num- 
 ber of the class, and on the other, the letters 
 EX are printed in large characters. These 
 telegraphs are fixed on the first stands of 
 every class. They also point out the num- 
 ber of forms that the different classes occu- 
 py. Each side of the board may be succes- 
 sively seen, by turning with the hand the 
 stick of the telegraph. These telegraphs 
 may be changed from one stand to another, 
 as occasion requires." 
 
 SLATES AND PENCILS. 
 
 '• Slates and pencils are substituted for 
 paper and pens, which are only used in the 
 Eighth or highest class. This plan is econo- 
 mical, and accelerates the progress of the 
 children in writing. Besides, the slates oc- 
 casion the children to execute with ease and 
 precision, the gymnastic part of the system.'' 
 The slates should be of a good thickness to 
 prevent them from being broken by a fall, 
 and of a uniform size, that they may be 
 changed from one desk to another, if requir- 
 ed. 
 
 LESSON BOARDS, 
 
 " Are flat pieces of wood, on each side of 
 which are pasted spelling and reading les- 
 sons for the use of the children when at theii 
 circles," 
 
11 
 
 THE BELL, 
 
 '* Is useful for the different movements 
 that take place in the evolutions. " Two are 
 used. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION. 
 
 " In the first organization of a school, 
 there must be a division into classes, those 
 pupils being placed together whose abilities 
 or proficiency are nearly equal, either in 
 reading or arithmetic. 
 
 '* From this circumstance proceed two dif- 
 ferent classifications. When the children 
 are engaged in reading, the pupils of every 
 class are placed according to their proficien- 
 cy in reading. And when they are engaged in 
 cyphering, the pupils are placed according to 
 their abilities in arithmetic. 
 
 " The consequence of this arrangement is, 
 that the pupils of a class of reading or arith- 
 metic are on a level; they have the same de- 
 gree of knowledge to acquire, and the same 
 duties to fulfil, in order to qualify them for 
 a superior class. 
 
 READING. 
 
 *' In reading, the school is divided into 
 Eight Classes: 
 
" 2d 
 
 (( 
 
 « 3d 
 
 i( 
 
 " 4tli 
 
 ii 
 
 « 5th 
 
 a 
 
 " 6th 
 
 a 
 
 " 7th 
 
 a 
 
 '- 8th 
 
 a 
 
 12 
 
 The 1st class, learn the alphabet. 
 
 spell words of two letters. 
 *' *« three " 
 
 " *' four " and 
 
 begin to read, 
 spell two syllables and read. 
 " three *' '' *' 
 all polysyllables " " 
 *' read the Bible and other select 
 books, and commit to memory the definitions 
 of words; and write on paper. The moni- 
 tor's class is a selection from the Eighth class, 
 who learn definitions, geography, history, 
 and grammar. 
 
 " Elementary instruction, as it respects 
 arithmetic, is divided into Six Classes. In 
 each of these classes, the pupils learn a sin- 
 gle rule of arithmetic, either simple or com- 
 pound." 
 
 In this branch also, the First Class is com- 
 posed of beginners, learning Numeration. 
 The 2d class learning Simple Addition. 
 '* Sd *' *' " Subtraction. 
 
 '• 4th '' " " Multiplication. 
 
 " 5th '' '' " Division. 
 
 " 6th '' those who use Pike's Assistant. 
 
 WRITING 
 
 "In this system, v/riting, in the first in- 
 stance, is rather used as a mean of instruc- 
 tion, than an object. The children learn to 
 spell and read words by writing on their 
 
13 
 
 slates,* such as belong to the lessons of theu- 
 respective classes. Thus thej learn to read, 
 spell, and write, at the same time. Conse- 
 quently, there is no other classification in 
 writing, except the division of slate writers 
 from paper writers. 
 
 On the methods employed in teaching the 
 several branches of Elementary Instruc- 
 tion . 
 
 FIRST DICTATION. 
 
 " The children are seated upon the forms 
 of the school, and arranged according to the 
 gradation of the eight reading classes;" the 
 eighth class being next to, and immediately 
 in front of the teacher's desk. Every class 
 is superintended by a monitor. If the class 
 comprises two forms, the monitor chooses an 
 assistant monitor to superintend the second 
 form; and if his class is still larger, an ad- 
 ditional assistant for every form. 
 
 *' The signal for beginning the exercise 
 being given by the monitor general or teach- 
 er, the dictating monitor dictates the words 
 which tlie children are to write on their 
 slates. He begins with the Eighth class, and 
 having spelled the word audibly, as for in- 
 stance:' — Lancasterian, L-a-n, Lan, c-a-s, 
 cas, t-e, te, r-i, ri, a-n, an, Lancasterian; is 
 followed by the class monitor, who repeats 
 and spells the word in the same manner. He 
 proceeds in the same manner with the other 
 
 B 
 
14 
 
 classes, giving them words from their own 
 lessons. 
 
 " When he has dictated eight words for 
 each class, he informs the teacher, and turns 
 towards him that side of the telegraph which 
 presents the number of the class. The 
 teacher or general monitor then gives a sig- 
 nal to the pupils to show slates, and to the 
 monitors to inspect them. The monitors 
 first examine the slates of their assistants, 
 and then both examine the slates of their re- 
 spective pupils. 
 
 " The examination being finished, the mo- 
 nitors and their assistants return to their 
 placesj and the former turn towards the 
 teacher that side of the telegraph which shows 
 the EX, in order to inform him, that the 
 class is examined, and ready to begin a new 
 lesson." 
 
 To vary the exercise, the pupils are some- 
 times employed in writing from the boards 
 suspended against the wall, containing Mr. 
 Rand's System of Penmanship, which has 
 been successfully introduced into several of 
 the public schools. 
 
 SECOND. 
 
 Spelling and Beading from Boards. 
 
 " The children stand in semi-circles round 
 the wails of the school room. These semi- 
 circles are composed of nine or ten children, 
 superintended by a reading monitor, who is 
 called Draft Monitor, on account of the chii- 
 
15 
 
 dren being drawn out in their classes. These 
 monitors suspend a badge, with the words 
 " First Boy-' written upon it, from the neck 
 of the child who is at the head of the draft. 
 The monitor then directs his pointer to the 
 lessons that the children are to read one af- 
 ter another. If one child mistakes, the mo- 
 nitor gives the next direction to correct him, 
 who, if successful, takes precedence of him. 
 If it happens that all the children in the cir- 
 cle have spelled or read the lesson wrong, 
 the monitor reads it first himself, and after- 
 wards gives it to each of his pupils to read. 
 
 ARITHMETIC. 
 
 The pupils of the 6th, 7th, and 8th reading 
 classes, are engaged in cyphering, according 
 to their proficiency. 
 
 The 1st class is engaged in learning the 
 Numeration Table, and in making figures, 
 which they enumerate and read in numbers. 
 The 2d class learn Simple Addition. 
 
 " 3d " " " Subtraction. 
 
 " 4th " *^ " Multiplication. 
 
 « 5th «' « " Division, both 
 Long and Short. 
 
 And after tlie pupils have passed through 
 these five lower rules, lessons for which are 
 provided, and pasted on binder's boards, 
 they are placed in the 6th class, and furnish- 
 ed with Pike's Assistant. In that, they be- 
 gin with Federal Money, which makes them 
 more perfect in the fundamental rules, while 
 
16 
 
 they are progressing in their arithmetical 
 knowledge. They then proceed to Simple 
 Reduction, and so on to the compound rules, 
 as they are arranged in that excellent guide. 
 Each of the lower classes is under the di- 
 rection of a monitor, who is to give them in- 
 struction, and keep them to their business. 
 The whole under the superintendence of a 
 monitor general of arithmetic, who has par- 
 ticular charge of the pupils in the higher 
 classy these also come under the immediate 
 notice of the teacher. 
 
 Arithmetical dictation, excepting with the 
 *' Black Board," has been exploded as unne- 
 cessary. 
 
 ORDER OF BUSINESS. 
 
 Monday morning. 
 
 1st. From 9 o'clock until a quarter before 
 10, the monitors are engaged in reading a por- 
 tion of the Old Testament, and spelling. The 
 Sixth and Seventh Classes in learning their 
 lessons from the Spelling Books. All the other 
 classes are engaged in writing on their slates 
 from the system of Penmanship affixed to 
 the wall. 
 
 2d. From a quarter before 10 o'clock until 
 a quarter after 10, the school is drawn out in 
 drafts at the circles, spelling: the Sixth and 
 Seventh classes repeating to the monitors the 
 lessons they had just been learning: the 
 Eighth class learning their lessons from the 
 
17 
 
 Expositor, and the other classes from the 
 lessons hung to the wall. 
 
 3d. From a quarter after 10 o'clock until half 
 after 11 o'clock, the children are at their 
 desks; the Sixth, vSeventh, and Eighth classes, 
 cyphering in different divisions according to 
 their proficiency: the Fifth class getting their 
 lessons from the Spelling book until U 
 o'clock, while the four lower classes or First 
 Division of the school are writing the first 
 principles of Mr. Rand's excellent System 
 of Penmanship. At 11 o'clock the Fourth 
 class take the Spelling books, and the Fifth 
 class go to writing the " Classification of 
 Capitals," according to the same system. 
 While the First class of Paper Writers, or 
 those who use Mr. Rand's Copy Books, (Nos. 
 6 and 7) are engaged in writing «???.«// hand. 
 
 4th. From half past 11 o'clock until the time 
 of dismission, the school is drawn out in drafts, 
 spelling from memory the lessons they have 
 been learning during the morning. 
 
 Dismiss by reading a portion of Scripture. 
 
 Jfternoon. 
 1st. From 2 o'clock until a quarter before 
 3 o'clock, the monitors are reading in 
 
 .* And the Eighth 
 class in While the 
 
 » These blanks may be filled up at the discre- 
 tion of any teacher, with the names of such books 
 as may be in use in his school. The Readmg books 
 used in the Model School are, Testament, Scnp» 
 
18 
 
 rest of the school are engaged in writing on 
 their slates, the lessons fixed to the wall be- 
 fore their respective divisions. 
 
 2d. From a quarter before 3 until a quarter 
 after S o'clock, the school is drawn out in 
 drafts at the circles, reading the lessons hung 
 to the wall. 
 
 Sd. From a quarter after 3 until a quarter 
 after 4, the children are at their desks. All 
 writing on their slates from dictation, except 
 the Second class of Paper writers, who use 
 Nos. 3 and 4, of Mr. Rand's Copy books, 
 whose turn it is to write in their books. 
 
 4th. From a quarter after 4 until the time 
 of dismission, the school is in drafts, reading 
 again from their lessons, and spelling words 
 from their reading lessons. 
 
 Dismiss by reading a portion of Scripture. 
 
 Tuesday morning. 
 
 1st. From 9 o'clock until half past 9, the 
 monitors repeat their Geography lessons, the 
 Eighth class their lesson of definitions from 
 the Expositor, and the Sixth and Seventh 
 classes their lessons from the Spelling book. 
 In every other respect the order of business 
 is exactly similar to that of Monday morning, 
 
 ture Lessons, Murray's Introduction, Jack Halyard* 
 School Exercise, by C. Mead, Morallnstructorj by 
 J. Torrey, and Grimshaw's United States. 
 
19 
 
 excepting that the First class of Paper wri- 
 ters write large hand. 
 
 Afternoon. 
 
 Order and business the same as on Monday 
 afternoon, excepting that the »Tionitors read ^ 
 
 and Eighth class 
 And the Mw*t c>^ 
 class of Paper writers (who use No. 2, Copy 
 books,) write. 
 
 Wednesday Morning. 
 
 Order and business the same, excepting 
 that the monitors get the definitions, and 
 First class of Paper writers, write small 
 hand. 
 
 Afternoon. 
 
 Order and business the same, excepting 
 that the monitors read 
 and Eighth class . and the 
 
 Second class of Paper writers use their books. 
 
 Thursday Morning. 
 Order and business the same as on Wednes^ 
 day, excepting that a few of the monitors say 
 a Gramm^ar lesson, and the First class of 
 Paper writers, write large hand. 
 
20 
 
 Afternoon. 
 
 Order and business the same, excepting 
 that the monitors read 
 
 and the Eighth class the and 
 
 the Fh-^t class of Paper writers use their 
 books. General Monitors read "• Grimshaw's 
 United States,*' and answer questions. 
 
 Friday Morning. 
 
 Order and business the same as Tues- 
 day, except that there is no Paper writ- 
 ing, ^and the Geography boys, in addition 
 to their lessons, study the Maps and hear 
 explanations from the Teacher^ while the 
 Eighth class are acting as substitutes for 
 them in the charge of the drafts. On this 
 morning also, general explanations of the 
 Arithmetical Rules are given, while the boys 
 are cyphering. 
 
 ^.Iftemoon. 
 
 Order and business somewhat varied, 
 Geography boys who knew their lessons pri- 
 vileged to sketch maps either on their slates 
 or on paper, while the Eighth class take their 
 places at the drafts. Absentees through the 
 week heard from. In other respects the or- 
 der is continued as on other days. 
 
 Evolutions of the system attended to. with 
 the rerjetition of pieces, &:c. 
 
21 
 
 Saturday Morning. 
 
 Cyphering boys learn their Arithmetical 
 Tables, while the rest write from dictation. 
 Names of boys who have left school or been 
 discharged during the week, taken off the 
 list. 
 
 Dismiss at 11 o'clock in the usual way. 
 
 DUTIES OF MONITORS AND TU- 
 TORS. 
 
 Int. Draft Monitors are Stationary. 
 
 It is the duty of the Draft Monitors, 
 after they have said their lessons in the 
 morning, and read in the afternoon, to 
 take charge of the circles, to hear the boys 
 their lessons in spelling and reading, to keep 
 quietness in their drafts, and see that all the 
 signals are promptly obeyed. When the 
 boys leave their circles, they are to attend to 
 their own lessons. 
 
 2d. Class Monitors. 
 
 Class Monitors are chosen on Mon- 
 day morning for the week. It is their 
 duty to superintend the classes while at 
 their desks writing on slates, to see that 
 every boy has a suitable slate and pencil, and 
 keeps them in order for obeying the signals, 
 to assist those who are unacquainted with 
 writing, to form the letters according to Mr. 
 
22- 
 
 Rand's System of Penmanship, and to see 
 that all others write the lessons given by the 
 monitor either from dictation or otherwise. 
 They are to appoint an Assistant Monitor 
 to each form of their respective classes, 
 whose duty it shall be to obey them in per- 
 forming all the duties incident to their sta- 
 tion. 
 
 When the boys leave the desks for the cir- 
 cles, they are to attend to their own lessons 
 in their respective classes. 
 
 3d. Arithmetical Monitors. 
 
 These Monitors are chosen for the week, 
 and attend to giving instruction to their re- 
 spective classes while cyphering. When the 
 boys leave their cyphering to go to circles in 
 the morning, they attend to their own lessons 
 in Arithmetic. 
 
 4th. General Monitors are chosen hy the month 
 or during good behhyiour. 
 
 The General Monitor of Order, is to see 
 that the order of the school '* A place for 
 every thing, and every thing in its place," 
 is attended to by all the other monitors and 
 boys; to fine all delinquents, to report all 
 idle and noisy children, either to the Assis- 
 tant Tutors or Teacher, and generally to 
 have the superintendance of the school. 
 
 The Assistant Monitor of Order, is to as- 
 
23 
 
 sist the General Monitor of Order, in all his 
 duties. 
 
 The General Monitor of Arithmetic is to 
 take care of all the Arithmetical Lessons, 
 and supply the boys with them at the proper 
 time. 
 
 The General Monitor of Reading is to take 
 care of all the books and lessons, and see 
 that all the drafts and classes are provided 
 with their proper lessons. He must be care- 
 ful that no draft has the same lesson twice in 
 succession. He must assist the Tutor in 
 calling the roll of Second Division. 
 
 The General Monitor of Writing is to take 
 care of the copy books, ink, and copy slips, 
 and to make the pens, and see that each class 
 writes at proper times. He is allowed an 
 assistant. 
 
 The Dictating Monitor is to give the 
 words to the slate writers, and see that the 
 Class Monitors attend to their business. He 
 must be acqua'.ted with all the evolutions 
 of the system, and give all the signals. He 
 must assist the Tutor in calling the roll of 
 First Division. 
 
 The Pencil Monitor is to take care of the 
 pencils, keep them in order, and furnish the 
 boys with them when they enter the room, 
 and keep a list of late boys. 
 
 The Pass or Yard Monitor is to let the 
 hoys into the yard, give them water from the 
 
24 
 
 hydrant, and see that they make no noise, 
 and do not loiter about. 
 
 These two last are chosen by the week. 
 
 DUTIES OF THE TUTORS, &c. 
 
 1st. It shall be their duty to be in school 
 before the time of commencing business; to 
 see that every child takes his proper place 
 upon entering the room, with clean face and 
 hands, and hair combed. And if any are 
 absent, to report them to the Teacher before 
 the close of each school-time. 
 
 2d. They shall attend exclusively to the 
 order and improvement of the divisions com- 
 mitted to them, without interfering with each 
 other, (unless specially called by the teacher 
 to perform some other duty in the school.) 
 And see that the children promptly obey 
 every signal given. 
 
 Sd. They shall report all incorrigible of- 
 fenders to the teacher, with the offence 
 charged against each; but on no account at- 
 tempt to force them from their places 
 
 4th. They shall have the privilege of leav- 
 ing the room for necessary purposes, without 
 immediately asking the teacher, and of re- 
 warding good boys in their repective divi- 
 sions according to their merit, with tickets 
 furnished them by the teacher. 
 
 5th. They must never receive any thing, 
 even of the slightest value, from any of the 
 
25 
 
 boys, without the teacher's knowledge and 
 consent; and if they detect any thing like 
 bribery on the part of the monitors, or boys 
 belonging to the school; or any giving or re- 
 ceiving for any purpose whatever, they must 
 immediately report it to the teacher. 
 
 6th. They shall be permitted to retire be- 
 fore the scholars are dismissed; and shall be 
 supported in the faithful discharge of their 
 duties by the teacher and controllers of the 
 school. 
 
 7th. They shall not hold conversation v/ith 
 any of the boys or monitors in time of school, 
 and shall avoid as much as possible, inter- 
 course with them out of doors. 
 
 GENERAL RULES OF GOVERNMENT 
 IN SCHOOL. 
 
 1st. The Scholars on entering the room, 
 shall leave their hats at the circles to which 
 they belong in draft, and repair immediately 
 to their seats, to await the signal for com- 
 mencing business. 
 
 2d. They shall keep their pencils (with 
 which the monitor will furnish them) and 
 slates in order, that they may be ready at 
 all times, to obey the signals for showing 
 slates, for cleaning slates, and for writing. 
 
 3d. Whenever the large bell rings, they 
 must immediately place their pencils on the 
 desks, and sit up with their hands behind them; 
 
26 
 
 and when the time arrives to leave the desks 
 and go to the circles, they shall be obedient 
 to the call of the monitor, and perform all 
 their duties with quietness and promptness. 
 
 4th. When they reach their draft stations, 
 they shall stand with their faces from the 
 wall, and quietly await the signal to face to- 
 wards the lessons, and begin. 
 
 5th. At every proper signal given (with 
 the small bell,) they shall cease from their 
 lessons, and remain quiet until directed in 
 the same way to go on. 
 
 6th. At the sound of the large bell, they 
 shall immediately face out as at first, and 
 await the signal, either for returning to their 
 desks, or for being dismissed, (as the tima 
 may be.) 
 
 7th. When the signal is given for dismis- 
 sion, they must quietly leave their circles, 
 one draft after another: and return to their 
 respective homes, without loitering by the 
 way, or making any noise whatever in the 
 streets; this rule must also be observed on 
 their way to school. 
 
 8th. Whenever a boy has been absent, a 
 note will be required from the Parent or 
 Guardian, stating the cause, &c. 
 
 9th. Every child in school has the right to 
 appeal from the decision of any monitor or 
 tutor, in any case whatever. 
 
 REWARDS. 
 
 The General Monitor of Writing is to re- 
 ceive two red tickets a month, valued each 
 

 at fifteen cents, he pajs his assistant one blue 
 ticket a week, valued at three cents. 
 
 Each of the other General Monitors re- 
 ceive one red ticket a month. 
 
 The Pencil, Pass, and Class Monitors, re- 
 ceive one blue ticket a week. 
 
 The Draft Monitors receive tickets to the 
 value of two cents a week. 
 
 The Arithmetical Monitors receive tickets 
 to the value of one cent a week. And, 
 
 Each Good Boy in a class, and First Boy 
 in a circle, gets one mill ticket at the close 
 of each school-time. 
 
 In addition to these regular rewards, tickets 
 are given to the boys for good behaviour, for 
 improvement in writing, for progress in les- 
 sons, and regular attendance in school dur- 
 ing each month, by the Assistant Tutors and 
 Teacher. 
 
 FORFEITURES AND FINES, 
 
 1st. For absence from school without a suffi- 
 cient cause, and delinquency either in les- 
 sons or conduct, any General Monitor for- 
 feits his place. For absence from school with 
 cause, he is fined three mill tickets each half 
 day he is away. The fine is to pay a sub- 
 stitute. 
 
 2d. Class Monitors forfeit their places by 
 absence without sufficient cause,*l^nd for in- 
 attention to business. For absence with 
 cause the fine is three mill tickets each half 
 day. 
 
28 
 
 3d. Draft Monitors, by absence from 
 school or bad conduct, forfeit their pay. And 
 for every repetition of bad conduct, are fined 
 one mill ticket. 
 
 4th. Boys who have neglected their les- 
 sons, or behaved amiss, are detained after 
 school hours, until they say their lessons. 
 
 5th. Any Monitor renders himself liable 
 to forfeit his place by late attendance. 
 
 6th. For every blot and mistake in a copy 
 book, by any boy, a fine of one mill ticket is 
 exacted. 
 
 REDEMPTION OF TICKETS. 
 
 For the redemption of tickets of lesser 
 Talue, the teacher keeps toy books of 1, 2, 
 and 3 cents value, constantly on hand; and 
 these can be had at the close of any school 
 time. For tickets of higher value, and for 
 boys who choose to keep their tickets for 
 higher prizes, there is a semi-annual redemp- 
 tion. Sometime previous to redemption day, 
 the teacher calls in all the tickets which have 
 been paid to the boys and monitors, takes a 
 list of boys who own them, with the number 
 and value belonging to each, and having as- 
 certained what each boy would like to have 
 for his tickets, procures it for him against 
 the day ofgeneral distribution. 
 
 On that day they all receive their premi- 
 ums, and having marched triumphantly round 
 the room, displaying their rewards, are dis- 
 
29 
 
 missed before the other boys, as an addition- 
 al mark of distinction. 
 
 GIRLS' SCHOOL. 
 
 " Schools for girls are fitted up on the 
 same plan as those for boys, which have 
 been already described, except that the seat 
 should be more distant from the desk, to al- 
 low the girls freedom to work. 
 
 *'The system by which reading, writing, 
 and arithmetic are taught in the boys' school, 
 is applicable, in all its parts, to girls as v/ell 
 as to boys. 
 
 ^' The method by which needle work is 
 taught, is all that will therefore be necessary 
 to detail respecting the system of education 
 for girls." 
 
 The teacher of the female department, 
 informs me that three general divisions or 
 classes, are all that is necessary in practis- 
 ing needle work. She divides them in the fol- 
 lowing order: viz. 
 
 1st. Plain Sewing Class; this, of course, 
 will admit of subdivisions, if found necessary. 
 
 2d. Sampler Class, or those who work on 
 canvass. And, 
 
 3d. The Knitting Class. 
 
 The children engaged in these different 
 branches, sit together, and are under the in- 
 spection of monitors, who supply them with 
 needles, &c. The monitors in this part of 
 the system being selected, (as in other parts) 
 
30 
 
 irom among those who are most proficient in 
 their respective branches. 
 
 In some of the schools, straw-work has 
 been advantageously introduced. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 From what has now been written on the 
 subject of Lancasterian schools, we think 
 persons desirous of acquainting themselves 
 with the system, may obtain information suf- 
 ficient for their purpose; and with a week 
 or two of practical observation, may become 
 so familiar with it, as to be competent to take 
 charge of a school of any size. 
 
MEMORANDUM. 
 
MEMORANDUM. 
 
MEMORANDUM. 
 
MEMORANDUM. 
 
MEMORANDUM. 
 
MEMORANDUM. 
 
^^#7^ 
 
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