A HISTORY 
 
 LEHIGH COUNTY 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 From the Earliest Settlements to the Present Time 
 Including much Valuable Information for the use of 
 
 ^ SCHOOLS 
 
 ^ FAMILIES 
 
 ^ LIBRARIES 
 
 Published By 
 
 James J. Hauser. 
 
 1902. 
 
 ALLENTOWN. PA. 
 JAC KS, 
 THE PRINTER. 
 
n^%i 
 
 Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1901. 
 
 By JAMES J. HAUSER, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 All rights reserv^ed. 
 
<s 
 
 CONTENTS. . 
 
 CHAPTER I. — Treaties with the Indians. First purchase of land from 
 the Indians. Second and third purchases. Walking purchase. 
 William Markham, William Penn, James Steel, Edward Mar- 
 shall, James Yeates, Solomon Jennings, Timothy Smith, John 
 Chapman, Maughanghein. ii 
 
 CHAPTER II. — The first white men, traders, Seneca Indians, Delaware 
 
 Indians. 14 
 
 CHAPTER III — Indian raids. Braddock's defeat. Pontiac. Massacre 
 of Gnadenhutten. Whitehall Massacres. John J. Mickley, Hans 
 Snyder, Zachary, J. N. Wethehold^ Margaret Frantz, Deschler's 
 Fort. ' 16 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— The First White Settlers. Germany. Switzerland. 
 
 Henry Harbough. Holidays. 21 
 
 CHAPTER V. Flying Camp. Wagon brigade. General Hospital. 
 Bethlehem. Allentown. Friess Rebellion. W^ar of 1812. Civil 
 War 1 86 1 to 1865. Spanish American War. 26 
 
 CHAPTER VI. — Internal Improvements, Canal, Railroads, Furnaces, 
 
 Factories, Founderies. 33 
 
 CHAPTER VII.— First Schools, Dillingersville, Emaus; Egypt, Centre- 
 ville, New Tripoli, Allentown, Balliettsville, Free School 
 System. 34 
 
 CH.\PTER VIII — Soil, animals, mountain and hills, rivers and creeks, 
 
 botany, trees. Religious denomipiation. 36 
 
 CHAPTER IX — Geography of the Township. Population, soil, indus- 
 tries, villages. Old landmarks. Education. 38 
 
 CHAPTER X. — Countyseat and Boroughs. Industries, newspapers, 
 
 education, denominations, history. 50 
 
CHAPTER XI.— Duties of the County Officers, Township OflBcers, Bor- 
 ough and City Officers. 57 
 
 CHAPTER XII— Civil list.- Members of Congress, State Senators, 
 Members of House of Representatives, Judges, Associate Judges, 
 County Superintendents of Schools, Allentown City Superinten- 
 dents of Schools, Sheriffs, Prothonotaries, Recorders of Deeds, 
 Registers of Wills, Clerks of Court of Quarter Sessions, Clerks 
 of Orphans' Court, Coroners, Treasurers, Surveyors, Commis- 
 sioners, Clerks of the County Commissioners, Auditors, District 
 Attorneys, Justices of the Peace. 63 
 
 CHAPTER XIII,— List of §oldiers furnished by Lehigh County. French 
 and Indian War. Revolutionary War. Warofi8i2. Mexican 
 War. Civil War. Hispanio-American War. 70 
 
 CHAPTER XIV.— Post Offices, Attorneys, Physicians, Eminent Divines 
 Teachers, Population of Pennsylvania, Lehigh County, Gover- 
 nors of Pennsylvania, Township Populations. no 
 
 CHAPTER XV.— Early Churches and Settlers. 106 
 
 School Statistics for 1901. 117 
 
 Population from 1820 to 1900. 118 
 
 Governors of Pennsylvania from 1790 to 1903. 119 
 
 Valuation of Lehigh County. 120 
 
 Lehigh County's Debt. Lehigh County as a Manufacturing 
 
 Centre. 121 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 It is both interesting and instructive to study the history of our fathers, 
 to fully understand through what difficulties, obstacles, toils and trials they went 
 to plant settlements which struggled up to a position of wealth and prosperity. 
 
 These accounts of our county have been written so as to bring before 
 every youth and citizen of our count)-, an account of the growth of the popula- 
 tion, its resources, the upbuilding of the institutions that give character and sta- 
 bility to the county. 
 
 It has been made as concise as possible, and everything which was thought 
 to be of any value to the youth and citizen, has been presented as best as it could 
 be under the circumstances with the hope that by perusing its pages, many facts 
 of interest can be gathered that will be of use in future years. 
 
 Hoping that any shortcomings of the work will be kindly overlooked by 
 a generous public. 
 
 It is now presented to the public for its careful perusal and w^e hope that 
 the youth of our county will be benefitted thereby, and that the teachers of our 
 public schools will find nmch valuable aid which the author has tried to gather 
 w-hile engaged in the schoolroom, and that b}- perusing its pages the grand prin- 
 ciple of patriotism and love of country will be instilled into the minds of our 
 youth. 
 
 In preparing this work I acknowledge the assistance of aid given by 
 Profs. Alvin Rupp, the County Superintendent of Schools, J. O. Knauss, of the 
 Department of Public Instruction, Mr. Clinton A. Mohr of the Emaus Times, 
 Mr. Steltz and others. 
 
 This volume is now dedicated to the teachers, pupils and fellow citizens 
 of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Emaus, Penna., May ii, 1901. J. J. Hauser. 
 
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 
 
 This new edition has been thoroughly revised and largely rewritten. 
 Every effort has been made to profit by the suggestions and friendly criticisms of 
 many friends, to all of whom the author is greatly indebted. 
 
 Great pains have been taken to correct all errors in statements of fact, 
 dates and references. The aim of this work is to give the main facts of the his- 
 tory of our County, clearly, accurately and impartially. To give the people a 
 short but concise record of all that is of interest to the general public. 
 
 The author acknowledges the valuable aid and suggestions in the revision 
 of this work to Rev. Dr. A. R. Home, Supt. Alvin Rupp, Hons. J. F. Moyer, J. 
 W. Mayne, Harry G. Stiles, Mr. David Miller of The Morning Call, Mr. Daniel 
 F. Leiby and others. JamEvS J. Hauser. 
 
 Ai,i,ENTOWN, Pa., May i, 1902. 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 TREATIES WITH THE INDIANS. 
 
 LEHIGH COUNTY embraces the beautiful Kittatinny Valley, lying between 
 the Lehigh or South Mountains on the South and Blue Mountains on the 
 north. It is dotted with thriving towns and villages, fertile fields, running 
 streams of water flowing through every part of the valley, making the soil very 
 productive, also part of the beautiful and romantic Lehigh Valley stretching 
 along the Lehigh River, and the fertile Saucon Valley south of the Lehigh or 
 South Mountains. The advent of the white settler and his adventures with the 
 Indians are full of incidents and hairbreadth escapes, showing at a glance that 
 our forefathers had to undergo the same trials and cares as his western friend had 
 in building up the country. The Aborigines or Indians, living in what is now 
 Lehigh County, where the Minsies or Delaware tribe of Indians, who were the 
 owners of our beautiful Lehigh County. It was undoubtedly included in the 
 second purchase of land from the Indians. It will perhaps be of interest to the 
 reader to know the different purchase.'^ and what was acquired at each. 
 
 The first purchase of land was made in 16.S2 by William Markham, Dep- 
 uty Governor of the colony, before the arrival of Penn, wdiich included the coun- 
 try between the Neshaminy Creek and Delaware River to Wrightstown and Upper 
 Wakefield 
 
 The second and third purchases were made by William Penn himself and 
 included the land along the Pahkehoma (Perkiomen). In 1686, it is claimed an- 
 other treaty was made with the Indians, but no copy of the treaty is known to 
 e.xist. The treaty of 1684 was made by William Penn and Maughaugsin (Macun- 
 gie), the leading chief of the Delawires, and was for a consideration of two 
 Matchcoats, four piir of Stoccings and four bottles of Sider. The Indian deed is 
 as follows : 
 
 " Upon my own desire and free offer. I, Maughaughsin, in consideration 
 of two Matchcoats, four pair of Stockings and four bottles of Sider, do hereby 
 grant, make over all my land upon the Pahkehoma, to William Penn, Propr. 
 and Govern'r of Pennsvlvania and territories, his heirs and Assignees forever, 
 with which I own myself satisfied and promise never to molest any Christian so 
 call d yt shall seat thereon by his orders. 
 
 Witness my hand and seal at Philadelphia ye third day day of ye fourth 
 month 1684. 
 
 The mark of Maughaughsin. 
 
 Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of us, 
 
 Philip Thomas Lehman, Thomas Hohnes, John Davers, George Emlin." 
 
The Indians removed beyond the Blue Mountains, only a few remaining 
 on their old hunting grounds, the beautiful Kittatinny Valley. 
 
 The purchase of i6S6 was said to include all the land beginning at the 
 lane of the former purchases to as far northwest as a man could ride in two days, 
 but as no copy of the treaty was preserved, the claim was disputed by the Indians, 
 and the purchase was undecided, but settlers began to flock into the new region 
 which they supposed had been purchased from the Indiams, who believed that 
 their rights were being encroached upon. They held several meetings with the 
 proprietors of the colon}' to fix definitely the limits of the ceded territory. 
 
 The first meeting was held in Durham, sevc ral'miles below Easton, 1734. 
 The second meeting was held at Pennsbury, 1735, and the last meeting was held 
 at Philadelphia, which resulted in an agreement that the treaty of 1686 should be 
 followed, and the purchase should be repeated in a novel way, nan^ely, the colony 
 of Pennsylvania should receive as much land as was included in a line drawn 
 northwest from a point at Wrightstown as far as a man could walk in a day and 
 a half . This treaty is known as the "Walking purchase." Subsequent to the 
 treaty, the proprietors caused a trial walk to be made to ascertain what amount of 
 land could be obtained ; this trial walk was made in April, 1735, and the trees 
 along the route were blazed so that the parties engaged in making the walk, de- 
 ciding the ownership of the land, would have the advantage of a marked pathway. 
 So when the treaty was signed August 25th, 1737, the Receiver General of the 
 colony, James Steel, secured the man who had endured in the trial walk. Ed- 
 ward Marshal, James Yeates and Solomon Jennings, were selected, all noted for 
 their power of endurance. The sheriff of Bucks County, Timothy Smith, and 
 John Chapman, the surveyor, accompanied the three walkers, provided their 
 meals, etc. The time set for the walk, according to the treaty, was September 
 I2th, 1737, but was postponed until September 19th. It had been agreed that the 
 Indians should send some of their young men along to see that the walk was 
 fairly made. The compensation of each of the walkers was five pounds in'nioney 
 and five hundred acres of land. The point of starting was at a large chestnut 
 tree near the fork of the Pennsville and Durham roads at the meeting house m 
 Washington, Bucks County, very close to the Markham purchase. The three 
 walkers stood close to the tree, their hands resting upon it, and as the sun rose, 
 Sheriff Smith gave the signal for starting. The route was as straight as it possibly 
 could be, on account of the ground and obstructions in the way, it led along the 
 Durham road. Yeates led the way with an easy step, followed by Jennings with 
 two Indian walkers who were followed by Marshall, at a distance, swinging 
 a hatchet and walking with an easy and careless step. In two and a-half hours 
 they reached Red Hill, Bedminster township, where they took dinner with Wil- 
 son, the Indian trader. Durham Creek, where the old furnace stood, was fol- 
 lowed and they crossed the Lehigh River a mile below Bethlehem at Jones Island, 
 and from this place they passed to the Blue ridge at Smith Gap, Moore township, 
 Northampton Count}', and they slept at night on the northern side of the moun- 
 tain. At sunrise the next morning they resumed their journey and concluded 
 their walk at noon. Marshall alone held out and throwing himself upon the 
 ground, grasped a small tree which was marked as the end of the line. Jennings 
 was the first to give out about two miles north of Tohickon, but he straggled 
 along until the Lehigh River was reached. 
 
 He left them there, and went to his home on what is now the Geissinger 
 farm, a few miles north of Bethlehem, which is now in Salisbury township, 
 where he lived for twenty years after. He was a famous hunter and woodsman. 
 
13 
 
 One of his sons, John Jennings, was sheriff of Northampton County from 1762 to 
 1768. 
 
 Yeates gave out at the foot of the mountain on the morning of the second 
 day, when he was picked up he was nearly blind and died three days after, 
 while Marshall the champion walker was not the least injured by exertion, lived 
 to be seventy-nine years old, and died in Tinicum, Bucks County. Walking Pur- 
 chase, the Indians said was " No sit down to smoke, no shoot squirrel, but lun 
 lun, lun all day long." 
 
 Marshall received 5^ and five hundred acres of land in Monroe County, 
 near Stroudsburg. 
 
 The Indians were disgusted with the walk, and frequently said to the 
 walkers that they should not run and they were so disgusted with the walk, that 
 they left before it was completed. The distance traveled was 61 ^'4^ miles. When 
 the end of the line had been reached in a northwest direction, it still had to be 
 run to the Delaware River, which made another disagreement between the Pro- 
 prietors and the Indians. The Indians thought that the line should be drawn 
 straight to the river from the nearest point, instead they ran the line at right 
 angles reaching the river at the Laxawaxen, taking in about twice as much ter- 
 ritory as the other way. The survey embraced nearly all the land between the 
 forks of the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers, including all the land south of the 
 Blue Mountains, comprising 500,000 acres of land. 
 
 The Receiver General, James Steel, wrote to a friend of his, in 1737, 
 said that it took four days to walk from the upper end of the "Long Walk" 
 (day and a-half,) and that very little good land for settlement was to be seen. 
 
 This walking purchase, as it was called, gave a great deal of dissatisfac- 
 tion to the Indians, and was one of the principle causes of the council held in 
 Easton, in 1756, where it was ably discussed. The complaint of the Indians was 
 ist. That the walkers walked too fast. 2d, That the walkers should have 
 stopped to shoot game and smoke. 3d, That they should have' walked as they 
 do when on a hunt. 4th, That the line was not drawn to the river as it should 
 have been drawn. 5th, They claimed the line should have been drawn from the 
 nearest point to the river. 6th, They accused the Proprietors of trickery and 
 dishonesty. 
 
 Whether true or not, the " Walking purchase" drew upon the Proprie- 
 tors the hatred of the Indians and was the beginning of a feeling which was 
 fanned into stirring events a generation later, creating great havoc among the 
 settlers in the region now composed of the counties of Lehigh, Northampton 
 and Carbon. 
 
14 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE FIRST WHITE MEN. 
 
 LEHIGH COUNTY was a part of Bucks County, hence was a part of one of 
 the three original counties established in 1682. Its first settlers were for 
 the most part settlers who pushed northward from the older parts of the 
 county. The word Lehigh or Lechaweki is the Indian name for the river and 
 the German settlers left away the latter part of the word and called it " Lecha." 
 The word means where the way makes a fork. The Lehigh was at first called the 
 west branch of the Delaware. 
 
 Lehigh (Lecha) Valley is a part of the great Kittatinny Valley, which 
 extends from Lake Champlain on the north, to the Mississippi River in Tennesse 
 in the southwest. The boundaries of the Kittatinny Valley are the Blue Moun- 
 tains on the north, and on the south the South Mountains in Virginia, and Blue 
 Ridge further south. 
 
 The name Kittatinny means large, long, without end. The Lehigh, or 
 more properly speaking Lecha Valley, receives its name from the Lehigh River 
 which flows through it. The name Lecha is an Indian word derived from 
 Lechaweki. The first white men who came within the present limit of Lehigh 
 county, were the traders in the seventeenth centtiry, who came and went, transact- 
 in^- their business with the Indians, sometimes creating animosity between Indians 
 and white men. As early as 1701, these men were brought to the notice of the 
 Proprietors by the troubles they was a part of made, the same time the Seneca 
 Indians made incursions with the view of harassing the more peaceful Delawares. 
 
 The first settlement, within the present limits of the county was made 
 near the Swamp Church, Lower Milford, in 1715, by some German emigrants ; as 
 is shown by the inscription upon an old stone building which bears the above 
 date. 
 
 The first settlement of which authentic knowlege is known, was 
 made in 1730, in the Lehigh Valley. In 1734 the whole region was thrown open 
 for settlement, when the newly arrived settlers from Germany began to flock 
 thither. That the settlers were enterprising is shown from the fact that they 
 began to secure good roads. As early as 1735 the emigrants came rapidly to the 
 county so when it became a part of Northampton County, in 1752, it had a 
 population of 2800 souls, as follows: Milford, 700 ; Upper Saucon, 650 ; White- 
 hall, 800 ; including about 200 which resided in Hanover, making the entire 
 number 3000. 
 
 In 1773, some thirty years after the first settlement had been made, the 
 county showed great improvement as can be seen by the following number of 
 acres of cleared laud, in what is now Lehigh County, namely, 37,394 ; 8,869 acres 
 of grain and 886 farmers. Slowly and slowly the red man receded before the 
 coming of the white man, as few Indians were remaining in what is now Lehigh 
 County, after 1740. They had nearly all passed beyond the Blue Mountains, only 
 
15 
 
 here and there a family or individual Indian remained in a tent upon some 
 chosen spot on the ancient hunting ground. One of the chief of these was Kola- 
 pechka, an old chief residing on the creek which bears his name, Coplay. 
 
 He was on friendly terms with his white neighbors and he was frequently 
 employed by the government to carry messages and act as interpreter. The last 
 Indian living in the county was in 1742, when the last of the Delawares was com- 
 pelled to remove from this region to the Wyoming Valley. 
 
 After that date it was still the common custom of the Indians to come 
 from the north and pass down into Lehigh and wander much as they chose to do 
 in former times, when they were at peace with the other tribes of Indians. They 
 brought usually game and poultry for trading purposes and purchased such arti- 
 cles as they needed for their primitive life in the forest. They were never seen 
 aftei the second Indian raid. 
 
i6 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 INDIAN RAIDS. 
 
 C'^HE Delaware or Lenape Indians were divided into three tribes, — the Unatnis 
 or Turtle triVje, the Unalachtpo or Turkey tribe, the Winsi or Wolf tribe. 
 These tribes were again divided and usually received their names from the 
 place where they resided. Each settlement had its chief, who was subject to the 
 head chief or sachem and reported to him. 
 
 The government of the Indian was similar to our national, state and 
 county government. Allumapes and Teedyyuscung were the chief sachems from 
 the time of the landing of William Penn to the time when the Indians disap- 
 peared from this part of the country. The Indian headquarters were at Minni- 
 sink and Shamokin. Wampum is the Indian name for money. The word is an 
 Iroquois word meaning a muscle. They had three kinds of money, the wampum, 
 the fathom of wampum and belt of wampum. The different wampums repre- 
 sented the various value of their money. A number of muscles strung together 
 was called a string of wampum, when it was a fathom long it was called a fathom 
 or belt of wampum. 
 
 At the time when the first white settlers came to this country the Indians 
 made their wampums of small wooden pieces of equal sizes, and stained them 
 either black or white. Only a few muscles were used to make the wampums 
 before the advent of the white man. The wampums were very valuable before 
 the white people came. 
 
 The white men made wampums from muscles, and soon the Indians dis- 
 carded the wooden ones for muscles. These wampums were round or oval in 
 shape, one-fourth of an inch in length, and one-eighth of an inch thick with a 
 hole in them lengthwise and strung like beads. 
 
 Scalping was another trait of the Indian. No victory was complete with- 
 out it and is very revolting. The living and dead were scalped, as well as inno- 
 cent women and children. The following mode was followed by the Indians in 
 scalping their victims : They fastened the prisoner to the ground with their arms, 
 legs and necks bound to large stakes and a cord to a free Indian. If any dispute 
 arose among the Indians in regard to the prisoner, the prisoner was killed and 
 scalped. The Indians placed their feet on their prisoner's neck, and seized the 
 hair with the left hand twisting tliem tightly together in order to separate the 
 skin from the head ; then they would cut all around it with a sharp knife and 
 tear it off. In one minute they had finished the scalping. The principle food of 
 Indians were meat, vegetables, nuts and berries. The flesh of the deer and bear 
 they liked the best. 
 
 Potatoes, corn and tobacco were the only products raised by the Indians. 
 They were very cunning and skillful strategists in alluring the settlers into am- 
 bush, or elude them when pursued. They were honest, never stole or robbed 
 each other. When they left home they did not lock their wigwams, but put a 
 stone or piece of wood against the door, and nothing was stolen during their ab- 
 
17 
 
 sence. They were strong and muscular, ^vhich was gained by their constant 
 exercise in walking and running. The Indians in that way acquired agility and 
 endurance by which they were able to flee from the white people. 
 
 The first breach of friendship between the Indians and the Government 
 happened in 1754, before that time it was only between the individual Indian and 
 settler. 
 
 The minerals used by the Indians were aluminous rock, quartz, quartz- 
 ite, jasper, basanite chalcedony, slate and soapstone. To make their axes and 
 pestles they used diabase, syenite, dioryte and pyroxene. Quartzite was used to 
 make spear heads, knives and arrowheads. 
 
 When the Indians wanted to make a canoe, they would cover the sides 
 of the log with ground, burn ouc the middle part and used the axes to remove the 
 charcoal. 
 
 Governor John Penn offered in 1764, by proclamation, the following 
 bounties for capturing Indians : 
 
 For every male above the age of ten years, fiso.oo ; for every male, 
 (being killed) above the age of ten years, ^^130. 00 ; for every female above the 
 age of ten j-ears, scalped (being killed), $50.00. 
 
 In the first Indian raid of 1755, the settlers escaped the Indians' wrath, 
 which fell so furiously upon the settlers of Carbon and Northampton Counties, 
 which resulted in the massacres of the Moravians in Carbon County, and other 
 atrocious murders. One of the principal causes of the raid was the " Walking 
 Purchase" of 1737, which seems to have given great dissatisfaction to the Indians, 
 and also seems to have been the chief cause for it. But the defeat of Braddcck in 
 1755. operated powerful!}- as a stimulus in the minds of the red man, arousing 
 hatred and inciting murderous desire. When peace was made in 1758, it gave a 
 sense of relief to the settlers again which lasted for about five }-ears. 
 
 The conspiracy of the powerful chief Pontiac incited once more their 
 hatred against the white people, and had much to do with the IiKlian raids of 
 1763 in the county anrl the massacre of a number of settlers. The settlers in 
 Whitehall were entirely innocent, having always treated the Indians with kind- 
 ness in their dealings with them. 
 
 It seems as if the Indians had lost confidence in the descendants of Penn, 
 whose memory they revered, or they ma}^ have longed for regaining their ancient 
 hunting grounds. It is doubtful if they would have commenced hostilities against 
 the settlers if they had not been incited by the l<'rench. It was the French more 
 than any others that provoked the conflict between the whites and Indians. 
 
 The first war was provoked bv the intrigues of the French, in which the 
 colony of Pennsylvania was involved with the red man. The French knew very 
 well that by securing the aid of the Indians as allies living in Pennsylvania there 
 was a chance of carrying on successfully their military operations in the Ohio 
 Valley, for that reason they flattered and cajoled the Delawares and other tribes 
 of Indians. This course of action had the effect of winning their allegiance from 
 the English and was the cause of many deeds of bloodshed in the white settle- 
 ments of the frontier. The massacre of Guadenhutten led to others nearer at 
 home on the south side of the mountain. 
 
 Every day some new murder was committed by the wily Indian. The 
 whole frontier was in a state of alarm, settlers began to forsake their homes flee- 
 ing to more secure places. The people at Bethlehem were in suspeuse as they 
 
had seen the lurid glare beyond the mountains made by the burning of the build- 
 ings and knew that bad news awaited them. The first news of the massacre of 
 Guadenliutten came after midnight by those v ho fled frcm the disaster, during 
 the day eight white settlers and from thirty to forty Indian Brethren, including 
 men, women and children arrived from New Guadenliutten at Bethlehem. From 
 this time for several days the people of the remote settlements began to flock to 
 the more secure settlements abandoning everything. They were all filled with 
 the wildest alarm, many came only with enough clothing to shield their bodies 
 from the cold, while all were destitute of the necessities of life Hundreds of 
 farms were abandoned in Lehigh and Northampton Counties by their occupants. 
 They were kindly cared for by the Brethren at Bethlehem and other places. 
 There were Indian villages near Schnecksville, on the lands of Laurence Troxeil, 
 James Scheuerer, Hilarius Kernal, and Jerry Kuhns, numerous burial grounds of 
 the red men are found in the above vicinity. 
 
 The relation between the settlers and the Indians were of the most 
 friendly character. But after Braddock's disastrous defeat in 1755, the hatred of 
 the Indians was aroused and the settlers were constantly disturbed. Before retir- 
 ing at night they often went out with rifle in hand, ascended some high knoll near 
 their houses to look for blazing cottages, they were kept in constant alarm until 
 1758, when peace was made, which lasted until 1763, when the troubles broke out 
 anew. 
 
 In 1756 they killed two children of Frederick Reichelder, Jacob Gerhart, 
 two women and six children, George Zeielof, wife and a \oung man, a boy and 
 girl at Allemangel (now Lynn township) and scalped them. In 1763 Jacob 
 Alleman's wife and child and a boy and girl were killed and scalped. 
 
 One of the main causes of the Whitehall massacres were as Heckewelder 
 says, "That some Indians who had come to Bethlehem in the summer of 1763 to 
 trade, when returning, they stopped at John Stenton's tavern, Allen township, 
 Northampton County over night, the place being aVjout eight miles from Bethle- 
 hem, where they were badly treated and robbed of some of their most valuable 
 articles they had purchased, returning to Bethlehem, they lodged complaints with 
 a justice of the peace who gave them a letter in which he strongly urged that they 
 should return the Indians' property to their owners. But instead of getting their 
 property back they were driven from the house, they did this, meeting some other 
 Delaware Indians on the banks of the Susquehanna River who had been treated 
 in the same way. They told each other their stories. They resolved to take 
 revenge in their own way for the insult they had received as soon as their nation 
 would make war upon the colonists." 
 
 Captain J. N. Wetherhold with his soldiers murdered Zachary, his wife 
 and little child and a woman named Zippora in August 1763, near the Lehigh 
 Gap. Zachary was a friendly Indian who had come to adjust the difiiculties and 
 while in this act of humanity, was killed like a dog. These and many other 
 crimes like the above led the Indians to take the war path. 
 
 This company was raised in Macungie and vicinity. 
 
 Among the first places they attacked was Stenton's tavern and killed all 
 the inmates among whom was Captain Wetherhold who had claimed he w^ nnvul- 
 nerable (kuglefest). They robbed the house of everything and from there they 
 went to the house of Andrew Hazlett who tried to defend bis heme but was killed 
 with his family, from there they went to the homes of James Allen and Philip 
 Kratzer which they plundered. Undoubtedly the inmates had heard of the Haz- 
 lett tragedy and had fled. The Indians now proceeded to the Whitehall settle- 
 ments in true Indian style. 
 
19 
 
 On October 8, 1763, a bright and beautiful autumn day a small band of 
 Indians crossed the Lehigh at Whitehall fresh from their attack on the settlers in 
 Allen township, and went to John J. Mickley's place finding three of his children 
 in the woods gathering chestnuts, killed two of thim and went to the homes of 
 Hans Snyder and Nicholas Marks, killing Snyder, his wife and three children, 
 and wounding two daughters of Snyder, left both of them for dead, and one of his 
 children was taken captive and never restored. The wounded daughters recover- 
 ed from their wounds. The Assembly passed a bill for their relief as they were 
 very poor and never afterwards enjoyed good health. The one that was scalped 
 was a pitiable sight to see with her scalped head. 
 
 The Mickley's children which had been killed were buried at the foot of 
 a large chestnut tree, the place is still pointed out where they had been buried. 
 Nicholas Marks' family escaped, they had seen the Indians coming. The Indians 
 set fire to his house and among others of the settlers that were killed by the In- 
 dians were Jacob Alleman's wife and child who were found in the road scalped. 
 
 The number of settlers killed were twenty, the others escaped fleeing to 
 Deshler's Fort, about two miles from the scene of murder. The fort is standing 
 and well preserved, it is a substantial stone building strongly built, having heavy 
 walls and was made to serve for other purposes than an ordinary dwelling, was 
 built in 1760, adjoining the same was a large frame dwelling, where twenty sol- 
 diers could be quartered and a large quantity of military stores be kept. The 
 frame part has passed away, the place was a kind of military post during the In- 
 dian troubles and was furnished free by Mr. Deshler who was one of the most lib- 
 eral and humane men of the settlement. It stands on a little eminence overlook- 
 ing the Coplay Creek. The building was forty feet long, thirty feet wide, two and 
 one-half stories high, the walls are eighteen inches and two feet thick supported 
 by heavy timbers in the interior. There were a few small windows in the sides 
 with four panes of glass, in the gables were loopholes A large hearth was in the 
 middle or the building, each story was divided into two apartments and in the 
 mantle piece can still be seen the builets holes made by the Indians. It was a 
 place of refuge for the neighborhood. 
 
 A number of the settlers were taken captive by Indians, and those with 
 black hair and eyes were spared and adopted. Among them was one Mayer, his 
 wife and son who were adopted into a tribe. Margaret P'rantz was taken prisoner 
 while washing flax with another girl named Solt whom they took along to near 
 where Ballietsville now stands. Margaret was 15 years old when taken captive 
 and was with them seven years. Before she was exchanged, her father was killed 
 by the Indians and she was married two years after her return from captivity to 
 Nicholas Woodring. She was known far and wide for her knowledge of herbs 
 which she had acquired of the Indians. Her services for relieving the sick were 
 . in great demand, she always journeyed on horseback. Slie died in 1S29, at the 
 age of seventy-eight years, among her descendents are Ritters, Sleckles and 
 Browns. Her companion Solt lived with an Indian as his wife and had two chil- 
 dren, when she returned from captivity she was allowed to take her little girl 
 along. 
 
 Captain Volck's (Foulk's) Company of Allemangel, now Lynn township, 
 consisting of forty-six men. Captain Wetherhold's company of forty-four men 
 and Captain Trexler's company of forty-eight men, raised in the other parts of 
 is ow Lehigh County, flocked to the standard of Colonel Benjamin Frank- 
 lin, for the defence of the frontier, and gathered at Guadenhutten in January, 
 
1756, where they began the erection of Fort Allen on the site of the present town 
 of Weissport. 
 
 The settlers of South Whitehall had their share of Indian troubles like 
 the other settlements, the dangers were so great that it was impossible for them 
 to attend the meeting of the IvUtheran Synod held at Philadelphia in 1753. The 
 Synod was asked to pray for the safety of the Paster (Rev. Schartier) of the 
 Jordan's congregation and the settlers. 
 
 The Governor in his message to the Assembly said "Their houses are 
 burned, farms laid waste, etc." Another incident happened which showed how 
 cunning the Indians were to capture young children. Some children were play- 
 ing "Hide and Seek" in the barn when several Indians who had lurked around 
 and when the children had hid themselves and at the proper time they came 
 forth and took captive all they could lay hold on, only a few escaped to tell the 
 tale. Then the settlers arose and followed as best they could, but were unable to 
 rescue the young captives. The children w^ere kept in captivity for some time 
 before they were released and restored to their anxious parents. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE FIRST SETTLERS. 
 
 t'^HE FIRvST SETTIvERS of the county came principally from the older parts 
 of the colony who pushed their homes northward from Philadelphia, Bucks 
 and Chester counties. Others came from Germany seeking homes in this 
 new country where there was no religious persecution and could worship God in 
 accordance to the dictates of their conscience. There were in 1735 many squatters 
 in what is now Lehigh County, and the proprietors of the province placed one 
 hundred thousand acres of land on drawing, the drawing of the lottery never came 
 off. But the settlers got the land cheap. More than threefourths of the inhabi- 
 tants of the county are German or their descendents, and the localities in which 
 they settled were generally named in honor of the Fatherland as Hanover, Wies- 
 senberg, Heidleberg, etc. 
 
 They came principally from Bavaria, Baden, Alsace, Wurtemberg, Swit- 
 zerland, Darmstadt, and Palatinate, while of the townships which bear English 
 names have been germanized by the Germans encroaching upon their English 
 neighbors, as can be seen by the intercourse with the people of Lowhill, Milford, 
 Whitehall, etc., which are just as German as the rest of the County. They speak 
 a dialect of the German language which is akin to the language of their fore- 
 fathers who came from Palatinate where the same language is spoken. It is not 
 "High German," as it is just as old or perhaps older, and often more expressive 
 than the High German as a spoken language, as it was from time immemorial in 
 the South German dialects. Some of its roots of words can be traced back to 
 older roots than High German, for example, colt, English, fullen, High German 
 which is derived from Greek and Latin roots, while hutsch and hutschli, a young 
 colt from Wesserwald huzz, Lausatian, huzche, Swabian, hutschle, is more purely 
 German than the High German, horse, E. ; pherd, H. G. ; gaul, P. G. ; calf, E. ; 
 kalb, PL G. ; homeli, P. G. ; pig, E. ; Schwein, H. G. ; sou, P. G. ; potato, E. ; 
 kartoflel, H. G. ; grumbeer, P. G. ; etc., are some of the derivations. 
 
 If as has been said in an index to their character, then the expressions 
 as proverbs, adages, songs and sayings of people handed djown from one genera- 
 tion to the other are very original and expresive. They by frequent repetition 
 have made strong impressions upon the people to influence their life and charac- 
 ter. Their songs are delightful, spirited and impressive. Here are some of the 
 sayings of the Pennsylvania Germans. "Wie mers mocht so hut mers. Die kin- 
 ner un die norra sawga die wohret. Fors denka konn en niemont henka. Gross 
 gekrisch un wennig woll. Gut gewetst is halver gemelit. Eh eer is die onner 
 werth. Wer awhaltgewinnt. Mer hut nix unna druvel. Die morga schtund hut 
 gold im muud. Zub on deiner egna naws. Mer muss leva un leva lossa. Wer 
 net komnt zu rechter zeit muss nehme was iwwerich bleibt." And many other 
 
sayings show that they have sayings which for beautiful thought, etc., compare 
 well with the High German and the English languages. 
 
 The poems of Dr. Henry Harbaugh, written in the Pennsylvania German 
 language, compare with the best poems of any language. His most touching and 
 beautiful poems are the following: "Das Alt Schulhaus An DerKrick." (The 
 Old Schoolhouse At The Creek.) " Heemweh," (Homesickness) the last one a 
 most beautiful poem, descriptive of the sweet rest of Heaven, etc., and others. 
 The people are as a whole a religious people. When they first came they built 
 side by sidec hurch and schoolhouse, by which it can be seen that both the spir- 
 itual and temporal wants of the young were attended to, and they were early 
 brought into the church. The greater part of the Pennsylvania Germans are 
 farmers and are hardy, robust, strong, healthy and industrious. They are socia- 
 ble, performing many works in common, assisting each other in whatever way 
 they can. 
 
 In former times, during haymaking and harvest time when there were a 
 number of workmen together, at nine o'clock they would take lunch, relate anec- 
 dotes in which both men and women engaged in. At breakfast, dinner and sup- 
 per, the tables were always laden with food which were keenly relished by them 
 all. At noon came the " Ruhe schtund," (hour rest), which was spent by sleep- 
 ing, telling stories under the shady tree, or grinding the scythes. After " Feier 
 ovet," (after the day's work) all enjoyed themselves well after their hard day's 
 work, taking for their proverb, " Nuch der erwet is gute zu ruhe." 
 
 Corn husking was another enjoyable feature of former time, when a large 
 number of young men and women went to a neighbor and assi.'^ted him in husking 
 corn. Quilting and applebutter parties were some of the other pastimes of former 
 days, where old and young gathered and helped each other in quilting and mak- 
 ing schnitz, (pared apples) in the afternoon, m the evening the young folks spent 
 the time in a lively manner such as music, dancing and other amusements. 
 
 Battalion drills was another institution of days gone by. The Militia had 
 their drills in Spring and the weapons used were usually cornstalks, hoe handles 
 and bioomsticks. When the Battalion Day came in May everything was in readi- 
 ness of which these were the preparatory exercises. When the day came. Infantry 
 and Cavalry were on hand. The officers that were in comniaud were the Gen- 
 erals, Colonels, Majors and Captains with their cocked hats and plumes, epaulets 
 on their shoulders fully uniformed. The command was generally Jgiven in thun- 
 dering tones. '* Atten — shone, company !" The brave and gallant Lieutenants re- 
 peated the words in the Pennsylvania German, " Gebt Acht Buva Now Horcht 
 bosst uff." A finer and more imposing sight was never seen or command given. 
 Oh ! what a time were those old fashioned " Badolga (Battalion) Daga." At the 
 age of eighteen, everyone was compelled to become a soldier, the very age when 
 the young maidens were at liberty to marry. Every one went to the Battalion 
 day, old and young, and when the young people were strangers to each other, 
 they were introduced not exactly like in polite society, but in blunt Pennsylvania 
 German, as " Des ist der Bill," " Des ist die Sal, Kum her, liuckt dich onna zu 
 mir." All was fun, in the evening there was dancing which lasted till early 
 morning. The holidays (Feirdaga,) of the Pennsylvania Germans are worthy of 
 notice. Christmas was a pleasant time, Christmas trees were found almost in 
 every home, and the churches were beautifully and tastefully decorated [with 
 evergreens. Their " Krischt kindil " is not the fantastic St. Nicholas, but the 
 Giver of good gifts. When the children met each other on Christmas morning, 
 they did not ask "where is my Christmas present?" but " Wo ist mei Krischt 
 
23 
 
 kindil," meaning a gift of God in Jesus, the Christ child. 
 
 New Year was another of their festivals. At that time they shot out the 
 old year and shot in the New Year, a practice that is not common anymore. The 
 shooting was not all of it, beautiful verses of the scriptures and hymns were com- 
 mitted to memory, and repeated under the windows of those who were visited by 
 them, they went through storm and snow. " En glickselig nei yohr " was heard 
 on all sides, each vieing with each other to be first in the greeting among friends, 
 or strangers. 
 
 Doctor bills in the olden times were not as high as at present. Dr. John 
 M. Otto made out the following bill for one of his patients (Marcus Hulig), the 
 bill is dated Bethlehem, May 4, 1746, and is as follows : To heal a broken leg, 
 3/ ; to heal three ribs, 3s. and other necessary things 2s. 
 
 The hotel bills were not as high either. Captain Jacob Wetherhold's 
 bill at the "Crown" hotel, in 1763, where he was brought when mortally wound- 
 ed and died a few days after, was as follows : i pint of Wine, is. 2d., i pint 
 beer 2, '2 d., eating and drinking for nurse, 2 s. , feed for two horses, 3 s., funeral 
 garment, 6 s., carriage fees for nurse, ten times, 2 s. 
 
 Subscriptions for the newspapers were as follows : Franklin and Hall's 
 paper, 10 s. 7 d.. Miller's German paper, 6 s. per year. 
 
 Taxes were as follow's : In 1767, Province (State) tax 5^, 18 s., 6d., and 
 County tax 2^, 7s., 6d. 
 
 The following is a copy of a bill for a day's expenses at one of the popu- 
 lar hotels in Easton in 1781 and thus you can see the value of Continental money 
 at that time. 
 
 To I Grog - $S To 21 Quarts of Oats I52 
 
 " Washing - 49 " Hay - 90 
 
 " I Bowl Punch 30 '• Meals - 260 
 
 " I Grog - 8 " Lodging - 40 
 
 " I Bowl Punch 30 
 
 Total $667 
 
 Received the above amount, JACOB OPP, Landlord. 
 
 Merchants, shoemakers and tailors charged the same rates. The price of 
 
 a yard of Calico in Continental money cost ten times as much as the beet yard of 
 
 silk now does. Travelling by the early settlers was generally done on foot or 
 
 horseback. 
 
 The following were among those who served offices from what is now Le- 
 high County : Christian Rinker was County Commissioner in 1753, and Lewis 
 Klotz, of Macungie, was elected County Commissioner in 1754. George Taylor, 
 one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence owned a farm of three hun- 
 dred and thirty-one acres in Allen township, in what is now a part of the present 
 borough of Catasauqua. The assessment value of his property was in 1770, 416^,', 
 which included six horses, eight cows and three negroes. The tax on the same 
 was thirty-seven shillings and two pence, ($4.96). The farm consisted at that 
 time of one hundred and thirty-six acres of clean land, and one hundred and 
 ninet\ -five acres of woodland. Mr. Taylor resided on the farm until 1764 when 
 he moved to Easton, Pa. In 1776 Mr. Taylor sold his farm in Allen township to 
 Mr. Benezet, of Philadelphia, for looo;^ (^4800). Mr. Benezet afterward sold the 
 farm to David Deshler. 
 
 Our County is but a small one, but helps to make up the State of Penn- 
 sylvania, the Keystone in the arch of the thirteen original colonies. 
 
 In 1773, in what is now Lehigh County, it comprised the following num- 
 ber of acres of clear land and the number of acres of grain sown, also the number 
 
 To Toddv 
 
 lio 
 
 " Cash 
 
 8 
 
 " Cash 
 
 12 
 
 " I Bowl Punch 
 
 30 
 
 " I " " 
 
 30 
 
24 
 
 of farmers in each township: Upper Milford had 7,096 acres of clear lard, and 
 1,283 acres of grain and 156 farmers ; JSIacungie had 6,459 acres of clear lai d, and 
 2,002 acres of grain, and 136 farmers. Whitehall had 6,070 acres of clear land, 
 and 1223 acres of grain and 117 farmers ; Upper vSaucon had 5,792 acres of clear 
 land, 1028 acres of grain and 84 farmers ; Lynn had 3,412 acres of clear land and 
 860 acres of grain and 118 farmers ; Heidelberg had 2,905 acres of clear land and 
 904 acres of grain and loi farmers ; Salisbury had 2,400 acres- of clear land, 522 
 acres of grain and 48 farmers ; Weisenburg had 2,179 acres of clear land and 562 
 acres of grain, and 78 farmers; Lowhill had 1,131 acres of clear land and 435 
 acres of grain and 48 farmers ; and there was iSo,ooo acres of wood land in what 
 is now the present County of Lehigh. 
 
 The taxes for a farm of 200 acres of land was from eighty cents to $1.50, 
 Laborers received from ten cents to twelve cents a day and boarding. The house 
 rent was from four to eight dollars a year, including fire wood and some acres of 
 land for a potato and corn patch and grazing and feed for a cow. Fifty poor peo- 
 ple did not pay any tax. 
 
 The farmers and others on ordinary occasions used rye bread and buck- 
 wheat cakes, but on special occasions they used wheat bread. Expenses of Le- 
 high for the year ending January i, 1813, were as follows : 
 
 G. Stabler, for election expenses at Mil]ersto\\n, (Macurgit) ^54. 80 ; J. 
 Mumni}' for election expenses, Grim's district, ^1:37 20 ; A. Shiffersteiu, foi election 
 expenses, Saeger's district, f 44.20 ; F. B. Shaw, for election expenses, Allentown 
 district, I49.50; G. Kramer, commissioner on seat of Justice, $50. 00; George 
 Savitz, rent of rooms for court, November 20, 1812 to January i, 1SJ3, ^55. 91 ; 
 quarrying stones for prison, $67.21. Total amount, I368.82. 
 
 In 1813 the total receipts of the County from all sources were f 15,448.3c, 
 of which sum $1558 66 was the balance at the settlement, 1^13,254.55 taxes were 
 collected out of 116,772.60 assessed. 
 
 Sheriff Peter Hauck paid into the treasury the same year fc.90 Sheriff's 
 fees. Balance in the treasury at the end of the year, 16693.80 
 
 In 1814 the receipts of the County were 118,325 91 ; in 1815 the leceipts 
 were $15,050.89 ; in 1816 the receipts were 117,214.05. In 1816 the first bank loan 
 of $2,176.53 was made for County purposes of 1816 and 1817. The first Court 
 House was built at a cost of $24,936 08, rebuilt iJ-;64 at a cost of $57,235 86. In 
 1813 the first jail was built at a cost of $8,420.00, rebuilt at a cost of $200,222.95. 
 The Poor House was erected in 1845 at a cost of buildings of $57,154.21. The 
 Poor House farm consists of 254 acres of land and was purchased for $27,062.32. 
 
 The first great flood of the Lehigh River known to the white settlers oc- 
 curred on the 6th of October, 1786, between ten and twelve o'clock at night, and 
 known as "Tippy's Flood," on account of the destruction of the home of Mr. 
 Tippy, near Weissport, and in which the two children of Mr. Tijpy were drown- 
 ed, the parents were saved. They had clung to the branches of a tree until res- 
 cued. The next great flox>d occurred in 1841 doing great damage, and in 1862 in 
 which hundreds of houses and bridges were destroyed and hundreds of people 
 were drowned. 1841, January 8th, heavy loss ; 1862, June 4, loss $200,000, bridges 
 destroyed, great loss of life, eighteen inches higher than in 1841. In 1869 a great 
 flood occurred doing considerable damage. On Friday evening February 28th, 
 1902, one the of the most destructive floods in the Lehigh Valley occurred It had 
 rained very heavily for .several days, and the warm teniperature .so that by noon 
 time it became apparent there would be a flood if it would keep on raining. Tbe 
 Little Lehigh, Jordan Creeks and the lesser streams throughout the county began 
 
25 
 
 to overflow their banks, and instead of looking like small streams appeared like 
 large rivers and raging torrents. 
 
 The Jordan Creek rose twenty-five feet above low water mark at Allen- 
 town, while the Little Lehigh Creek came almost up to Lawrence street in Allen- 
 town, within seven hours after the waters began to rise they had reached the 
 highest mark and then commenced to recede. The flood, by the marks shown on 
 Kline's Island, that the flood was twenty-two inches higher than the flood of 1862. 
 At that time the w-aters rose to sixty-five inches from the ba.se of the house. In 
 1869 the water rose forty-seven inches from the base of the house, and on Fridaj-, 
 Feb. 28, 1902, the flood rose up to eighty-seven inches from the base. The dam- 
 ages done by the flood were greater than that of the great flood of 1862, but the 
 loss of life was much less for the simple reason that the last flood came in day 
 time, while the great flood of 1862 came in the night time. The bridges across 
 the Lehigh River at Allentown and the Central Railroad bridge across the Lehigh 
 River at Kline's Island were swept away by the flood and many bridges along the 
 Little Lehigh and Jordan Creeks were carried away and many of the others were 
 so badly damaged that they were unsafe for traveling. There were also many 
 washouts along the railroads and roads, causing great damages and delay of trains 
 for several days. The many manufactories throughout the county were heavy 
 losers in the carrj'ing away of goods, destruction of buildings and the spoiling 
 of goods. The loss incurred b}- th^- flood was about a million dollars in the entire 
 county. The destruction of the bridges and the damages to same alone amounted 
 to over four hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 In 1773 the assessment list showed that there were 34,894 acres of cleared 
 land in Lehigh County, of which 8S69 acres were sown in grain as follows : Upper 
 Milford, 7096 acres ; Macungie, 6459 acres ; Whitehall, 6070 acres ; Upper Sau- 
 con, 5792 acres ; Lynn, 3412 acres ; Heidelberg, 2905 acres ; Salisbury, 2400 acres; 
 VVei.seuberg, 21S9 acres ; Lowhill, 1131 acres. Taxes were low, farm of two hun- 
 dred acres, eighty cents to $1 .50. Laborers wages ten to twelve cents per day, 
 the rent for a house and lot from $4.00 to ;f8.oo a year, including several acres of 
 land and fire wood. Wheat raised twice on newly cleared land, corn not cultivated 
 before 1780. 
 
 The first election held after the county was formed was held on the 30th 
 of October, 1812, to elect the county officers. The market price at Allentown on 
 January 28, 1813, were as follows : wheat per bushel, 13 shillings and 12 pence ; 
 rye per bushel, 5 shillings and 71^ pence ; corn per bushel, 4 shillings and 9 
 pence ; flax seed per bushel, 8 .shillings. 
 
 Philadelphia price was wheat per bushel, 15 shillings and 6 pence ; flour 
 per barrel, I10.50. 
 
26 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 WAR RECORD. 
 
 REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. At the time of the Revolutionary War, Lehigh 
 County was a part of Northampton County, but it raised its full share of 
 quotas for the American Army. At the outbreak of the war a company was 
 raised in what is now Lehigh County, every one enlisting in the company received 
 a bounty of three pounds ($S oo). The company formed a part of the 2d Penn- 
 sylvania Battalion of which Colonel Arthur St. Clair was the commander Cap- 
 tain Thomas Craig was captain of the company. 
 
 The Flying camp of 1776, was formed by Captain John Arndt, and took 
 part in the battle of Long Island, August 27, 1776, in which the company suffered 
 heavily in killed and wounded, losing in all 21 men. At the battle of Fort Wash- 
 ington it again suffered heavily in killed, wounded and prisoners, Nov 16,1776, 
 losing in all 37 men. 
 
 Washington, after his defeat at Harlem Heights, New York, retreated 
 across the North River and through New Jersey by the way of Newark, Princeton 
 and Trenton where he crossed the Delaware River into Pennsylvania. General 
 John Warren, Surgeon General, sent the following communication to Bishop Ett- 
 wein of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem. "According tohis Excellency, Gen- 
 eral Washington's Orders. The General Hospital of the army is removed to Beih- 
 lehem, and you will do the greatest act of humanity by immediately providing 
 proper buildings for its reception." Bethlehem had been selected as the most 
 advantageous location by Washington when it had been found necessary to re- 
 move the hospital from Morristown, New Jersey, in the summer of 1777. Allen- 
 town was the Centre of operation for the formation of the Wagon Brigade. The 
 bells of Christ Church, Philadelphia, and the State House bell were removed to 
 Allentown for concealment, when the British took possession of Philadelphia. 
 Allentown was also the depot where the Revolutionary army got its supplies, cart- 
 ridges were manufactured, muskets repaired, etc. 
 
 Alexander Miller, James and Charles Craig were commissioned as officers 
 to raise and organize militar}' companies, the bounty was three pounds in Penn- 
 sylvania money equal to fS.oo. 
 
 Congress authorized the raising of the " Flying Camp," of 10,000 men, 
 apportioned as follows : Penn.sylvania, 6,000 men ; Maryland, 3,400 men ; Dela- 
 ware, 600 men. From the i8th to the 25th of June, 1776, the Continental Congress 
 met in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, and the delegates from Northampton 
 County were Levers, Col. Nichol Gray, John Weitzel, Nicholas Depue, Daniel 
 Deschler, and Benjamin Depue. 
 
 Congress ordered on the 8th of July, 1776 that an election should be held 
 in the different counties of the province. 
 
27 
 
 Lehigh County was embraced in the second election district of North- 
 ampton County, and was composed of Northampton, Salisbury, Upper Saucon, 
 Upper Milford, Macunj^ie, Weisenberg, Lynn, Whitehall and Heidelberg, and the 
 election place, Allen's Town. The election officers were John Gerhart, David 
 Deschler and George Brienig. One hundred and twenty recruits came from Al- 
 leutown and vicinity to join the "Flying Camp." 
 
 On a hill on this side of the Monocacy Creek and on the right side of the 
 road, leading to Allentown, now occupied by West Bethlehem, lie buried about 
 one thousand Revolutionary soldiers, who died while the military hospital was 
 located at Bethlehem. A monument should mark their last resting place. 
 
 After 1778, the seat of war was transferred from the banks of the Del- 
 aware to the North and South, after that the beat of the drum and the tramp of 
 thaarnies n? mire resoua led through the valley of Lehigh. General Charles 
 Lee with his division of the American army were encamped for some time at 
 Bethlehem. General La Fayette, after being wounded in the battle of Brandy- 
 wine, was brought to Bethlehem and there nursed till he got well. At one time 
 or other nianj^ of the .'\merican officers stopped at the Sun Hotel, Bethlehem. 
 The citizens of that town and throughout the county were ever readv to help 
 the American cause in whatever way they could. 
 
 The next important event was the Friess Rebellion. In 1797 Congress 
 passed certain laws which were objectionable to the people, among them were 
 the Alien, Sedition and the House Tax Laws which were regarded as unjust and 
 burdensome. The people arose to resist the enforcement of them and an Insurrec- 
 tion broke out in Milford, Bucks County, under the leadership of John Friess, who 
 had been an oflicer in the Revolutionary Army, he was ably seconded by Fred. 
 Heany and John German. The opposition of F'riess prevented all assessments in 
 Milford township that year. The Insurrection spread rapidly into Northampton 
 County, also into what is now Lehigh County, where the Assessors were chased 
 from one township to another. Some time after the above occurrence, seventeen 
 of his followers were captured and imprisoned in the Sun Hotel, Bethlehem. 
 Fries went to their help and rescued them. 
 
 The President, John Adams, sent troops to quell the Insurrection, when 
 they came Friess went into hiding and a month afterwards was captured near 
 Bunker Hill, Bucks County. 
 
 The following followers of Friess were sentenced by the Court : Hen- 
 rj- Jarrett, two years imprisonment and $1000.00 fine ; Conrad Marks, two years 
 imprisonment, $800.00 fine ; Valentine Kuder, two years imprisonment, $200.00 
 fine; Jacob Eierman, one year imprisonment, $50.00 fine; Henry Shankweiler, 
 one year imprisonment, $150.00 fine ; Michael Schmeier, nine months impris- 
 onment, $400.00 ; Henry Schmidt, eight months imprisoment, $200.00 fine ; 
 Philip Desch. eight months imprisonment, $150.00 fine ; Jacob Klein, eight 
 months imprisonment, $150.00 fine ; Herman Hartman, six months imprison- 
 ment, $150 00 fine ; Philip Ruth, six months imprisonment, $200.00 fine ; John 
 Eberhard, six months imprisonment, $10000 fine; John Huber, six months im- 
 prisonment, $150.00; Christian Sachs, six months imprisonment, $150.00 fine; 
 John Klein, Jr., six months imprisonment, $100.00 fine ; Daniel Klein, six 
 months imprisonment, $150,00 fine ; Jacob Klein, six months imprisonment, 
 $150.00 fine ; Adam Breich, six months imprisonment, $150.00 fine ; George Mem- 
 berger, six months imprisonment, $150.00 fine ; George Getman, six months im- 
 prisonment, $100.00 fine ; William Getman, six months imprisonment, $100.00 
 fine ; Abraham Schantz, four months imprisonment, $100.00 fine ; Henry Mem- 
 
28 
 
 berger, four months imprisonment, Jioo.oo fine ; Peter Hager, four months impris- 
 onment, lioo.oo fine ; Abraham Samsel, three months imprisonment, I50 00 fine ; 
 P. Huntzberger, three months imprisonment, $50 00 fine ; Peter Gabel, two 
 months imprisonment, $40.00 fine ; Jacob Gabel, two months imprisonment, $40 .00 
 fine. He and a number of his followers were placed on tiial for treason, and 
 were convicted and sentenced to death, but they were pardoned by the President. 
 Friess returned to his home near Trumbauersville, Bucks County, and resumed 
 his occupation of crying public sales. Thus ended the Insurrection, also known 
 as the " Milford Rebellion, " The Hot Water War," and " The House Tax War." 
 After that there was no opposition to these laws which were soon after repealed. 
 There was peace till the war broke out with England in 1812. During that war 
 the people of the county went forth to the front with an alacrity which was highly 
 commendable. The following companies responded to their country's call 
 Captain George Dinkey raised a company of Infantry and marched to the seat of 
 war 1812. Captain John F. Ruhe's Company of Light Infantry, Co. 5th, 2d 
 Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Light Infantry, ist Brigade, 2d Division was 
 raised in Whitehall. 
 
 Captain Abraham Gangewere's Company of riflemen, (Co. i) First Bri- 
 gade, Second Division, Pennsylvania Militia, Brigadier General H. Spering, com- 
 manding the Brigade, Major General Shitz, commanding the Division. Captain 
 Abraham Rinker's Company of riflemen, ist Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer 
 Riflemen, Col. Thomas Humphrey, commanding; Captain Peter Puch's Light 
 Horse Company was raised in the Whitehalls, and Captain John Dornblaser's 
 Co. of Infantry raised in Lehigh, Northampton and Pike counties, and Captain 
 Joseph Wilt's Co. raised in Upper Milford ; by which it can be seen that Little 
 Lehigh at the very beginning of its existence, nobly sent forth her sons to defend 
 her Nation's honor. A few went to the Mexican war, 1845-48, but the same 
 martial spirit was displayed as in former wars. Among those who went to war 
 W3S Colonel Harry C. Longenecker. 
 
 After a period of peace for thirteen years, the tranquility was broken by 
 the firing upon Fort Sumter by the South Carolina soldiers and the capture of the 
 fort by the same was wired over the entire country. April 12th, 1861. On that 
 day the Governor of Pennsylvania received the following telegram : "The war 
 has commenced, the batteries opened fire upon Fort Sumter at 4 A. M." 
 
 This conflict began by the people of the North and South placing differ- 
 ent construction to the Constitution of the United States, of the Slave question 
 and by continually agitating the same, at least each section came to distrust each 
 other and regard each other with contempt The North believed that the South 
 would not dare to go to war and fight for the cause they advocated. The North 
 would never dare to strike a blow against the South was believed by the South. 
 
 When the actual hostilities commenced many of the North said that it 
 would only be a breakfast, but before the war was over they had in addition to 
 breakfast — dinner and supper. While the South said we will capture Washing- 
 ton and bring the Government to terms in very short time, and have our Inde- 
 pendence acknowledged by the Government. How sadly were both sides dis- 
 appointed, and how, through four long and sad years, each side contended for the 
 mastery, which at last fell to the lot of the North, the "Stars and Stripes" vhich 
 had cost an enormous amount of monej- and a great loss of life. 
 
 The war taught both the North and South a lesson which they had not 
 known before, they learned to know each other better and by that struggle show- 
 
29 
 
 ed foreign nations the true valor of an American citizen ; and slavery extinguish- 
 ed forever from the American soil. 
 
 On April 15th, 1861, President Lincoln issued his proclamation calling 
 out the Militia of the several states, to quell the Rebellion. Pennsylvania was 
 called upon to furnish sixteen regiments, two of which were wanted within three 
 days to defend the National Capital which was unprotected. One of the first com- 
 panies to respond to the call of the President were the Allen Guards, Captain 
 Thomas Yeager of Allentovvn, the offt-red their services to the Governor, April 
 17th, and mustered into services April iSth, arriving at the same time at Harris- 
 burg were Ringgold's Light Artillery, Captain McKnight of Reading ; Logan 
 Guards, Captain Selheimer, of Lewistown ; Washington Guards, Captain Wren 
 and the National Light Infantry, Captain McDonalds, of Pottsville ; and Co. H, 
 Fourth Artillerj' Regulars under Lieut. Pemberton, (afterwards a general of the 
 Confederate army). They all started for the seat of war on the i8th of April. 
 The Regulars for Fort McHenry and the others for Washington. 
 
 For their promptness in marching to the defence of Washington, arriving 
 there on the iSth of April, 1S61. The thanks of the House of Representatives, 
 which are rarely tendered except for great and signal service to the state were 
 expressed in the following terms ; "37th Congress, U. S. July 22d, 1861. Resolv- 
 ed, that the thanks of this house are due and are hereby tendered to the 530 
 soldiers from Pennsylvania who passed through the mob at Baltin;ore and 
 reached Washington on the iSth of April last for the defence of the National 
 Capital." 
 
 Galisha a. Grow, 
 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 Little Lehigh nobly came to the aid of the country as can be seen by the 
 number of men furnished to the difTerent regiments, (namely 13), Companies I, 
 Capt. W. H. Gausler, ist regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers ; D, Capt. G. D. 
 Hand, 9th regiment, three months men ; C, Capt. A. C. Lewis, 46th regiment, 
 three year men ; B, Capt. E. P. Rhoads ; F, Capt. H. S. Hart ; G, Capt. Charles 
 Mickley ; L Capt. A. G. K. Coleman ; K, Capt. George Junkert, 47th regiment. 
 Col. T. H. Good, Allentown, was the commander of the regiment ; A, Capt. S. H. 
 Schneck, 9th Cavalry ; D, Cape. John P. Dillinger ; G. Capt. W. W. Hammersly, 
 r28ch re^fiiHjnt, nine months men; A, Capt. Levi Schmoyer, B, Capt. S. D. Lehr, 
 D, Capts. David Schaadt and Charles L. Koch, E, Capt. Tilghman Sleiker, G, 
 Capt. L. P. Hecker, 1, Capt. A. F. Creitz, K, Capts. S. C. Lee and G. Neitz, 176th 
 regiment, nine months drafted militia; E, Capt. W. H. Seip, 202d regiment ; H, 
 Capt W. H. Miller, 209th regiment ; E, Capt. W. Marx, G, Capt.G B. Schall, H, 
 Capt. W. H. HofTman, 5th regiment militia ; H. Capt. I. N. Gregory, 27th regi- 
 ment Emergency troops, 1863; H, Capt M. H. Home and part of Co. C, 3Sth 
 regiment militia, 1863 ; D, Capt. W. H. Seip, I, Capt. Charles Keck, K, Capt. 
 John H. Oliver, 41st regiment militia, 1863. 
 
 Thus it can be seen that Little Lehigh done its part nobly and well, and 
 that it was just as patriotic as any county of our grand old Commonwealth of 
 Pennsylvania, according to its size and population, and by its aid helped to sus- 
 tain the Government of the United States. Hy which help the Government was 
 able to assert its authority and power and show the nations of the world that 
 though a Republic, it could go through severer trials and ordeals than any nation 
 of the old world was ever subject to, and which would have wiped them off the 
 face of the earth. But Our Country came out victorious and the glorious old 
 banner the "Stars and Stripes" once more floated over a united country. As 
 
30 
 
 soon as the war had begun the Commissioners of the county and public took ac- 
 tion as soon as the first soldiers had left for the seat of war to relieve such families 
 as needed help. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Commissioners they drew up a petition and 
 presented it to the Court, praying for an appropriation out of the common funds 
 to support the families of those who might be in need, during the absence of the 
 husbands or soldiers who proposed to go and defend their country's flag. It was 
 resolved that five thousand dollars be appropriated for that purpose in install- 
 ments of five hundred dollars each to be distributed at such periods as may be 
 deemed necessary. 
 
 January, 1862, the county tax was raised to forty cents upon every one 
 hundred dollars, and the state tax to twentj'-five cents upon every one hundred 
 dollars, and a special tax of fifty cents per head for militia purposes. The same 
 year a bounty of twenty dollars for each recruit was offered, (the quota being 200 
 men). The Commissioners made an appropriation of ten thousand dollars for the 
 purpose. The bounty was afterwards raised to one hundred dollars for each 
 recruit, the bounty offered until September 25th, 1862, after which no bounty was 
 paid anymore. 
 
 April, 1S63, the county tax was raised to fifty cents upon every one hun- 
 dred dollars and the state tax 30 cents per hundred dollars. ]une 30th, 1863, the 
 Commissioners resolved to give twenty dollars per month to each recruit for ser- 
 vices, not exceeding three months, the time being Gen. Lee's invasion into the 
 State. Captain W. H. Seip's company of eighty-five men were the first to leave 
 for the field of action. They received a month's pay in advance, the other com- 
 panies that went at the same time received similar compensation. 
 
 Our brave and noble soldiers were engaged in many a hard conflict, and 
 earned a reputation for bravery and gallant conduct, excelled by none, and 
 many a life was sacrificed to defend the Union The ist regiment was engaged 
 in the first battle of Bull Run, Virginia, 1861. The 46th regiment was engaged in 
 capture of Leesburg, Charlestown, Martinsburg, Winchester, Kernstown, Cedar 
 Mountain, Antietem, Fredericksburg, 1862, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, operat- 
 ing along theRapidan, Virginia, 1863, transferred to Tennessee to support Gen. 
 Rosecrans, re-enlisted in 1864, for a term of three years, helped to fight the bat- 
 tles of Resace, Dallas, Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek, Pine Knob, Marietta, Atlanta 
 and Savannah, Georgia, 1864, with Sherman through the Carolina's in capturing 
 Columbus, Goldsboro and Johnston's army at Raleigh, 1865. They were mus- 
 tered out of service July i6th, 1865, after four years of hard and faithful service, 
 having lost during that time in killed, wounded and prisoners about three 
 hundred men. 
 
 The 47th Regiment was engaged in many hard conflicts, during it« term 
 of service. Served in the Florida campaign, under General Brannan, in Virginia 
 under General J.J. Stevens, South Carolina under Major-General O. M. INIitchell. 
 Captured St. John's Bluff, Jacksonville, Florida, engaged in the battles of Poco- 
 taligo and Frampton, South Carolina, garrisoned Forts Taylor and Jefferson, 
 Key West, Florida, went to Franklin, Louisiana in 1864, participated in the Red 
 River expedition under General Banks, fought in the battles of Pleasant Hill, 
 Cave Hill, transferred to Virginia in the fall of 1864, and helped to drive away 
 the Confederate armj^ from Maryland under General Hunter, placed under Gen- 
 eral Sheridan in the Shenandoah campaign, helped to fight the battles of Opequan 
 Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Port Republic and Cedar Creek. 
 
 After the surrender of General Lee, the regiment did garrison duty at 
 Savannah and Charleston. They were mustered out of service after seeing four 
 
31 
 
 years and four months of great hardship, during the time it was in the field it 
 participated in seven states, marched twelve hundred miles, made twelve sea 
 voyages, lost during the time it served in killed, wounded and prisoners, five 
 hundred men. The 92d regiment, the 9th calvary, saw service in Kentucky and 
 Tennessee in the battles of Bowling Green, Lebanon, Sparta, Moore's Hill, 
 Tompkinsville, Richmond, Shelbyville, Perryville, Watauga, Holstcn River, 
 Franklin Rover, Middletown, Cowan, Lafayette, Chickamauga, Dandridge, New 
 Market, Mossy Creek, Fair Garden, McMinnville, and with General Sherman on 
 his march to the sea, and was engaged in the battles of Lovejoy Station, Macon, 
 Bear Creek, Waynesboro, Bupkhead Creek, Buckhead Church, Aiken, Lexington, 
 Black States Station, Averysville, Bentonville, Hillsboro and Morrisville. This 
 Regiment had the honor of firing the last gun before the surrender of General J. 
 E. Johnston at Bentonville and received the flag of truce sent by General Johnson 
 asking for the surrender. They were mustered out of service July 12th, 1865, 
 seeing 4 years of hard service and losing in killed, wounded and prisoners many 
 of its men. It was engaged in the capturing of the rebel General J. H. Morgan 
 when he was on his raids in Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio. 
 
 The 128th regiment saw service in Virgmia, was in the battles of Bull 
 Run, Chantilly, Antietem, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, in the last named 
 battle it was reduced to one hundred and seventy two men, more than two hun- 
 dred were taken prisoners. They were mustered out of service May 12th, 1863, 
 having proven their loyalty to the cause. The 176th regiment of drafted militia 
 entered into service November, 1862 and were engaged in doing garrison duty in 
 Virginia, North and South Carolina, and were mustered out of service August 
 18th, 1863 The 202d regiment saw service in the Shenadoah campaign where it 
 shared with the rest of the army the laurels of the same. Mustered out August 
 3d, 1865. The 209th regiment fought in the battles of Chapin Farms, Fort Stead- 
 ma,n and in the battles around Petersburg and the surrender of General Lee at 
 Appomattox Court House. Mustered out May 31, 1865. 
 
 The MiLiTi.\ The 5th regiment was called out in 1862. to repel the in- 
 vasion of the Rebel army, and the rapidity with which they moved showed that 
 they knew well the import of their mission. The 27th Emergency regiment of 
 1863, was recruited to help to guard the border of the state from the invasion of 
 General Lee, did not see active service, but fulfilled its part well. The 38th regi- 
 ment of militia, of 1863, was called out to defend the border too which duty it 
 performed faithfully. The 41st regiment which shared with the others the trials 
 of the campaign and fought with great gallantry at South Mountain. 
 
 The Allen Guards and the 9th regiment were engaged in doing guard 
 duty and paving the way for others to do the work they so nobly commenced by 
 responding so quickly to their country's call. Thus it will be seen that the sons 
 of noble Lehigh were in every way in full for their share of the work of bringing 
 and subduing the discontented states and by it we see that they performed their 
 part of the work faithfull)-, showing that they possess the true qualities of a faith- 
 ful citizen, which, when called upon in the hour of need, responded nobly ; and 
 if needed, lay down their lives upon the altar of freedom that the nation might 
 live. 
 
 Then after an interval of 33 years of peace war broke out between the 
 United States and Spain on account of Spain's mode of warfare in Cuba, and at 
 the call of the President, Little Lehigh responded nobly by sending two full 
 companies and others who enlisted in other companies. Companies B, Capt. 
 Medlar and D, Capt. Spangler, 4th regiment National Guards of Pennsylvania. 
 
32 
 
 The regiment was commanded by Colonel D. B. Case, of Lancaster, Lieut Colonel 
 O'Neill, of AUentown. They saw service in Porto Rico and they gave a good ac- 
 count of themselves, showing the same spirit of patriotism as the forefathers did 
 in the Revolutionary war, War of 1812, Mexican war and Civil war, ready at a 
 moment's notice to answer to their country's call in the hour of need. 
 
 During the war times many things happen which are both funny and 
 heartrending, showing the anxiety of the people. Some are full of life and seem 
 indifferent, while others taking a more serious view of the matter are wishing 
 they could stay at home with their friends. It is a sad thing when time for part- 
 ing comes, when the wife and children bid husband and father goodbye, friend 
 bids friend good bye, etc., with the thought on their minds that perhaps they 
 would never see each other any more. No one who has not witnessed the de- 
 parture of the soldiers to the seat of war, can comprehend it. Waving of hands 
 and handkerchiefs, cheering amid the sobs and cries of the dear ones that left. 
 But when the soldiers came back from war the .scene was different, everybody 
 was in cheerful glee and trying to do all they could to give the brave defenders of 
 their country a royal welcome. 
 
33 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. 
 
 ^HK INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS of the county were begun with the ad- 
 %^ vent of the first settlers. The principal works of improvement are the Le- 
 high Canal which was built from above Mauch Chunk to Ea.'iton for bringing 
 the Carbon county coil to the Philadelphia and other markets, and by its 
 construction it brought into operation the iron industries along the Lehigh Val- 
 ley. The destruction of the same by the great treshet in June, 1862, led the Le- 
 high Coal and Navigation Company who owned the canal, to abandon the idea of 
 rebuilding their dams and locks above Manch Chunk and substitute a railroad in 
 its place, thus began the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad, all the improve- 
 ments had for their object the development of the Lehigh Valley. 
 
 In 1S38, the Hamburg, AUentown, Bethlehem and Easton R. R. Com- 
 pany was chartered by the Legislature. It was begun near Hamburg, passing 
 through Kutztown to AUentown and from there to Bethlehem and Easton. The 
 road was to have been commenced within five years and completed in ten, the 
 road was never built, the building of the other roads led the projectors to abandon 
 it. The Perkiomen R.R. Company was chartered in 1852 and finished in 1876, 
 passing through the lower end of the county. The Catasaucjua & Fogelsville R.R. 
 was chartered in 1853 and finished in 1857 It passes through the centre of the 
 county and is an outlet for the iron ore mines, and crosses the Jordan Valley by 
 the celebrated iron bridge in South Whitehall township, a distance of 1165 feet, 
 consisting of 1 1 spans of 100 feet each It connects the East Pennsylvania branch 
 of the P. & R. R.R. at Alburtis and with the Lehigh Valley and Lehigh & Sus- 
 quehanna Railroads at Catasauqua. The Lehigh Valley R.R. connects Easton 
 with Mauch Chunk and with its extensions and branches forms a great trunk line 
 between New York and the West, passes through the beautiful Lehigh and Wy- 
 oming valleys. 
 
 The East Pennsylvania R. R. Company was chartered in 1857, connects 
 AUentown and Reading and has large atid increasing trafic for freight and coal. 
 The Ironton R .R. Company was chartered in 1859 and connects Coplay and 
 Ironton. It was built by the Coplay Iron Company to bring ore for their furnaces. 
 The Berks & Lehigh R.R. Company was chartered in 1871 and connects Reading 
 and Slatington and runs through the upper part of the county and is an outlet for 
 the products of that section. Besides there are many other imj^rovenients as can 
 be seen in the cultivation of the farms and the improvements of the public road 
 and the various manufactories, mines and quarries, etc. 
 
34 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 CHE EARLIEST schools of the County were almost without exception, estab- 
 tablished at or in connection with the Lutheran and Reformed churches and 
 the pastor was the teacher. In most cases the school houses preceded the 
 churches and served the double purpose of church and school. These schools 
 were not strictly church schools, they were not supported by the church. Each 
 parent who sent children to school was compelled to pay in proportion to the 
 number of days sent. In those days the teacher generally boarded around. In- 
 struction was given in reading, writing and arithmetic. 
 
 The first school in the County was established in 1725 in connection with 
 the Swamp church, Lower Milford township, and remained open until recently. 
 The Mennonites opened a school in Upper Milford, near Zionsville, between 1735 
 and 1749. A little later a school was t-stablLshed by the same denomination in a 
 fine grove between Centre Valley and Coopersburg. At Dillingersville, Lower 
 Milford, a school was established by the Lutherans in 1743. The congregation 
 selecting a tract of land of about thirty acres, a little west of the village, for which 
 they received a patent thereon in 1770, and erected a school house which served 
 the double purpose of church and school until 1 791. After that it was used only 
 for school purposes and known as the Upper Milford school house. 
 
 By Act of Assembly, this property was sold in 1871, for the sum of $4,050 
 which amount is placed on interest as a special school fund, giving the sub- 
 district at present a ten months' term. The children living within two miles of 
 the school house are entitled to attend the school during the summer term, giving 
 them a great advantage over the surrounding districts. The Moravians com- 
 menced a school at Emaus in 1746, one year previous to their organization of the 
 church in 1747. Christopher and Mary Heyne were the first teachers at Emaus, 
 in 1752 the Moravian school at Oley, Berks county was removed to Emaus, and 
 in 1753 both were removed to Bethlehem on account of the indian troubles in the 
 County. 
 
 At Egypt, Whitehall township, a school was established in 1733. At 
 New Tripoli, Lynn Township, the oldest school in the upper part of the county 
 was established in 1750. At the same time schools were established at the Le- 
 high church. Lower Macungie and at Heidelberg church, Heidelberg township. 
 
 In 1790, John and Jane Wetzel conveyed by deed to the trustees and 
 their successors, two acres of land for school purpo.ses at Centreville, near the 
 borough of Macungie. The property was sold in 1S68 on ground rent reservation 
 and the annual receipts therefrom, amount to one hundred and fifty dollars, 
 which with the sum otherwise provided, enables the district to have ten months 
 school term annually. Andrew Eisenhard, Cornelius Hughes and John Herman, 
 in 1790, donated two acres of land at East Texas for school purposes and erected 
 
35 
 
 thereon, at their own expense a school house, this property was sold in 1874 for 
 $3t750- The district derives the sum of two hundred and twenty-six dollars an- 
 nually, a portion of which is expended in maintaining a summer school. 
 
 In 1760, a great drawback was made in the schools of the county, caused 
 by the teachers leaving their profession and entering the ministry, as many of the 
 congregations could not secure regular pastors. And less qualified teachers took 
 the places as teachers, consequently the schools suffered much from the change. 
 When the schools were first started the instruction was exclusively in the German 
 language until 1800. In 1820, the English language was introduced in most of 
 the progressive schools of the County, and taught in connection with the Ger- 
 man. During the same period very few entirely Engiish schools had been estab- 
 lished in the County. 
 
 The first entirely English school was established at Egypt in 1809, and 
 Jacob Kern was the first teacher at a salary- of fourteen dollars a month, the 
 school was kept open until 1857. The English School Society of New Tripoli was 
 organized in tSi 2 and opened a school there which was kept until 1850. At the 
 same time Euj<lish schools were opened at Allentown and Balliettsville in 1816, 
 in Upper Saucon in 1833. When the free school system in 1834 was first put into 
 operation it met with fierce opposition, but which soon passed av\ay and since 
 that time the .schools have made rapid progress. There are many graded schools 
 in the County outside the boroughs. The schools are under the supervision of the 
 County Superintendent of Public Schools, who is elected for three years by the 
 school directors of the County, the first Tuesday in Way every third year. His 
 duties are to hold examinations for examining applicants for teachers certificates 
 and grants the same to those who pass the examination successfully. He has 
 power to grant two grades of certificates, the first one is a provisional certificate, 
 good for one year only and cannot be renewed. The second one is a professional 
 certificate which holds good during his term of office and is good for one year 
 under the new superintendent, is granted only to those who have acquired pro- 
 fessional skill in the art of teaching. 
 
 He holds teachers and directors meetings, the County teachers institute, 
 local institute and other meetings that seem necessary for the benefit of the 
 schools under his supervision. He has charge of ail the schools outside of Allen- 
 town, and his entire time is given to the attention of the schools under his charge. 
 
36 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 SOIL, ANIMALS, ETC. 
 
 THE SOIL of the County is very fertile and suitable for raising all of the 
 grains pertaining to the temperate zone. The grains raised are wheat, rye, 
 corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, etc. Dairying and trucking are 
 carried on a large scale. The products raised find ready market in Allentown and 
 surrounding towns. The climate is delightful and healthy, well suited for the 
 industry of the people, and the natural resources are great, nowhere can be found 
 a people that are more industrious and frugal than the people of Lehigh County. 
 The principal industries are cotton and woolen, boot and shoe, silk and knitting 
 manufactories, hardware, cutlery, breweries, furnaces, foundries, fiour mills, 
 tobacco, cement, etc., which gives employment to many people. The other em- 
 ployments are farming, mining, dairying and trucking. 
 
 The geological ages are as follows : ist, Azoic, 2d, Palaeozoic, 3d, 
 Mesozoic, 4th, Camozoic (new Hfe), representing three period sand four divisions. 
 To the Azoic age belong the South Mountain belt of rocks, extending from Eas- 
 ton on the Delaware to Reading on the Schuylkill in a broken line, where they 
 sink under a plain of the next higher order or Palaeozoic age, which constitute 
 in our county, the limestone and slate in the valley and the sand rocks in the 
 Kittatinny Mountains. In the past ages the South or Lehigh Mountains now 
 averaging one thousand feet above the sea level, were an immense mountain sys- 
 tem of five miles in height, covered by 30,000 newer rocks, comprising the lime 
 stones and slate of the Lehigh Valley, the sand rocks of the Blue Mountains, the 
 shales, hydraulic limestones and sand of Stroudsburg and Lehigh Valley. The 
 red and white sand stones of the Mauch Chunk Mountain and the one north of it. 
 Remnant of the Palaeozoic age are still found in the patches on the South Moun- 
 tains. The character of these rocks are principally of two kinds : — ist, strictly 
 stratified, thick bedded, massive gneiss, a mixture of granular quartz, white or 
 pink feldspar with the absence of mica, belonging to that variety of gneiss called 
 granulite. 2d, stratified syemite, a mixture of hornblende feldspar, little or no 
 quartz, magnetic oxide of iron is found abundantly in the hornblende rocks In 
 Lehigh county, the mountain mass is split in two by the Saucon Valley, the 
 western half called the Lehigh Mountains, is a belt two miles wide composed 
 chiefly of the harder syemite gneiss, extending from Bethlehem through Upper 
 Saucon, Salisbury and Upper Mil ford townships The other belt is mo.sitly con- 
 fined to portions of Upper Saucon and Lower Milford townships. 
 
 The Palaeozoic rocks in the County are the Potsdam sandstone of which 
 only two members have been found in the County, the sandstone, the upper 
 slate, magnesian limestone and others. The Mesozoic age is found along the 
 Bucks countv line in Upper Saucon and Lower Milford townships. The Camozioc 
 
37 
 
 is the new age and is found sparingly in the mud and gravel along the Lehigh 
 river. 
 
 Principal formations of the different townships of Lehigh county are 
 as follows : Hanover, shale, slate and limestone ; Heidelberg, shale and slate; 
 Lower Macungie, syenite and limestone ; Lower Milford, red sand, stone and 
 syenite; Lowhill, shale and slate; Lynn, shale and slate; North Whitehall, 
 shale and limestone ; Salisbury, syenite, quartzite and limestone; South White- 
 hall, limestone ; Upper Macungie, limestone and shale ; Upper Milford, shale 
 and slate ; Upper Saucon, red sandstone, syenite and limestone; Washington, 
 shale and slate ; Weisenberg, shale and slate ; Whitehall, shale and slate. 
 
 Mountains and Hills. The Blue Mountains form the northwest boundary 
 of the county, the Lehigh or South Mountains in the southern part are the only 
 mountains within the County. There are several hills or knolls which will be 
 mentioned under the head of townships in which they are located. 
 
 Rivers and Creeks. The Lehigh is the only river in the County, and 
 forms the boundary between the Lehigh Gap and the north line of Hanover town- 
 ship, Lehigh county, and of Northampton county, and from there forms the 
 boundary line between Hanover and Salisbury townships. Its most important 
 branches in the county are Trout creek, which rises at the foot of the Blue 
 Mountains in Heidelberg township, flows east in the Lehigh River two miles 
 below thd Lehigh Water Gap, turning a number of mills. Antelawny or Maiden 
 creek rises in Lynn township flows west along the Blue Mountains into Berks 
 county where it empties into the Schuylkill river. It turns many mills. Coplay 
 creek rises in North Whitehall township, flows southeast into the Lehigh River, 
 between Catasauqua and Hokendauqua about 5 miles north of Allentown, turning 
 several mills but often fails in the dry season. Jordan creek rises at the foot of 
 the Blue Mountains in Heidleberg township flows in a very crooked course south- 
 west into the Little Lehigh creek at Allentown about 100 feet above its mouth. 
 This stream turns many mills and the quantity of its water depends on the season. 
 The Little Lehigh Creek rises in Lower Macungie township flows east into the 
 Lehigh river at Allentown, many mills are along its banks. There are numerous 
 smaller streams in the county, which are principally in the townships where they 
 will be described. 
 
 Animals. The following wild animals are found in the county, the red 
 and grey foxes, raccoon, mink, rabbit, opossum, woodchuck, skunk, cat, flying, 
 ground, red and grey squirrel, chipmunk and weasel. Birds. The birds are the 
 eagle, turkey buzzard, screech and great horned owl, fish hawk, heron, whippor- 
 ville, night hawk, mocking bird, swallow, quail, blue bird, black bird, crow, 
 robin, gold finch, oriole, wren, jay, crane, cat bird, sparrow and others. 
 
 Botany. Among the plants that are found in the county are the daisy, 
 calomel, mullein, bitterwort, thistle, burdock, golden rod, aster, balsam, bella- 
 donna, bloodroot, buttercup, catmint, chamomile, etc. Trees. The forest trees 
 are white, red, black, burr and scrub oak, chestnut, maple, hickory, birch, beech, 
 pijne, walnut, wild cherrj*, etc. ; the fruit trees are the apple, apricot, peach, plum 
 cherry, pear, quince, crabapple and others. 
 
 Religious Denominations. The following denominations are found in the 
 County : Protestant Episcopal, Lutheran, Reformed, Baptist, Presbyterian, 
 Methodist Episcopal, Evangelical Association, United Evangelical, United 
 Brethren, Mennonite, Mennonite Brethren in Christ, Free Methodist, Sweden- 
 borgian, Catholic and Moravian. 
 
38 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 GEOGRAPHY OF TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 HANOVER. This township lies east of the Lehigh River, and is bounded on 
 the north and east by Northampton county, south and ^vest by the Lehigh 
 river. The population was at the last census of 1900, 3,324. The Lehigh 
 river and Monocacy creek are the principal streams that -water the township. 
 The soil is fertile and of limestone formation ; The land is level and the principal 
 occupations of the people are farming, stock raising, dairy, trucking, and there 
 are also iron works, flour mills, silk mills, tanneries, brick works, fire brick 
 works, lime kilns, limestone quarries, etc. 
 
 VILLAGES^Rittersville, a town midway between Allentown and Beth- 
 lehem on the Allentown and Bethlehem turnpike and the Lehigh Valley Traction 
 railway ; it has a fine park and is a nice Summer resort for the city people, has 
 numerous stores, hotels, churches, schoolhouse and cemetery. It was founded in 
 1808 by Michael Ritter. The population in 1900 was 525. Schoenersville, situ- 
 ated on the boundary line between Hanover township, Lehigh county and Han- 
 over township, Northampton county, the population in 19C0 estiniattd about 200. 
 It contains a store, hotel, post office, and was founded in 1784 by Adam Schoener. 
 East Allentown was founded in 1828 is a suburb of Allentown, it contains several 
 stores, hotels, mills, tannery, fire brick works, lumber yards and limestone quar- 
 ries. The Lehigh canal, Lehigh and Susquehanna R.R. and the L. V. Traction 
 railway pass through the place. It is connected with Allentown by a fine large 
 bridge. Population 1200. Post office — Allentown. The earliest schools in the 
 township were at vSchoenersville, Rittersville and West Bethlehem. The free 
 school system was accepted in 1834, while the other townships in the County 
 rejected it in that year. It contains excellent schools both graded and ungraded. 
 The first road in the township was the one leading from Bethlehem to Gnaden- 
 hutten, (now Lehighton), and was laid out by order of the court of Bucks county 
 in 1747, it was used as a military road from 1755 to 1761. The next road was the 
 one leading from the Philadelphia road in Salisbury township crossing the Le- 
 high river by a ford near the old house on the Geissinger's farm, passing through 
 what is now Rittersville and Schoenersville. 
 
 This township is bounded on the north by Carbon county, east 
 -- ., |, . by Washington township, south by Lowhill township, west by 
 
 nciaClDcrg Lynn township. Population in 1900 was 141 1. It was organ- 
 ized as a township in 1752, it included at first Lynn and Wash- 
 ington township, and lies in the northern part of the County. The surface is 
 hilly and the Blue Mountains cross the northern part of the township. Bake Oven 
 Knob is situated in the northwestern part, the soil is white gravel and is, however, 
 capable of producing good crops, if well cultivated. The principal streams that 
 
39 
 
 drain the township, are the Jordan and Trout creek with a number of smaller 
 streams, and furnish abundant waterpower for mills and manufactories. 
 
 AUe-mangel, the whole region embraced in Heidelberg and Lynn town- 
 ships to Albany township, Berks county, known by that name, meaning wanting 
 everything, namely, no roads, no place of defence against the Indians. 
 The settlers were of German descent and were kept constantly in alarm, 
 during the Indian Wars in the colonies in 1755-56, the township was nearly de- 
 serted by the settlers, who fled to Bethlehem and other places for refuge from the 
 savages who h?d threatened their lives and properties. The next alarm was 
 when the settlers heard of the Whitehall massacres in 1763. 
 
 The settlers belonged to the Lutheran and Reformed denominations, and 
 churches were founded all over the township and were well attended. They 
 strictly adhered to their faith and tried their utmost to bring their children up in 
 the precepts of Christianity. They were honest to the core ; as the following il- 
 lustration will show : When a man loaned I500 or |i,ooo from his neighbor the 
 lender did not even take a note but merely marked down the amount of the 
 money and the time opposite. When the amount or interest, was paid, it was 
 marked with a piece of chalk against the house joists or on the large house clock. 
 When the money with interest was due it was always forthcoming and there was 
 hardly a failure. It was considered a crime if one failed to fulfill his agree- 
 ment. They held to the old maxim "His word as good as his note." 
 
 The oldest church in this township is Heidelberg church, organized in 
 1740 and is one mile east of Saegersville nearly in the centre of the township. 
 Rev. J. F. Schertlein was the first Lutheran pastor and Rev. P. J. Michael was the 
 first Reformed minister. 
 
 The settlers of this township were nearly free from incursions, scarcely a 
 murder was committed while nearly all of the surrounding settlements were de- 
 stroyed. Fathers Longnour, Kemmerer and others went to Gnadenhutten and 
 assisted in burying the dead after the massacre there. The reason that the set- 
 tlers were so free from indian troubles was due to the Providence of God and the 
 fact that no indiaii villiage stood within the limits of the township. The nearest 
 one was in Lyim township on the other side of the Blue Mountains and south of 
 the Blue .Mountains on the other side of the Lehigh River. An Indian path led 
 in a straight line from Lehigh Gap through Saegersville. The first public road 
 laid out was in 1770, and during the later years many good roads were made in 
 this township. The highest point in the township is Bake Oven Knob on the top 
 of the Blue Mountains, 1560 feet above the sea level, it being the center of the 
 county line of Lehigh and Carbon counties, and it has been for years a signal 
 station in the United States Coast Survey. The summit of the knob affords a fine 
 view of the surrounding country. Bear Rock, two miles west of the Bake Oven 
 Knob, is another point 1,500 feet above the sea level. There are three rocks 
 standing in a row connected by smaller ones piled on top of each other ; it is the 
 dividing line between Lehigh, Carbon and Schuylkill counties, a fine view can be 
 had from its summit, looking southwest, the cit\- of Reading can be seen, by 
 the naked eye, the smoke as it pours forth from the stacks of the numerous fur- 
 naces, factories, mills, etc. Looking south over our county, Allentown and the 
 beautiful Kittatinnv valley dotted with thriving towns and villages can be dis- 
 tinctly .seen by the naked eye at least twenty miles distant. Viewing Carbon 
 county. Switchback, Delaware Water Gap, etc., are seen distinctly. Tourists 
 proclaim the finest scenery they have ever viewed with the exception of the Alps. 
 The scenery that one can view from the Bear Rock presents the grandest view 
 
40 
 
 that can be met with anywhere. In 1832 a rifle factory was established bj' 
 Philip Hess, Jr., one mile west of Balliett's furnace, on a road leading from the 
 road from Saegersville to Lehighton across the mountains ; the road is still 
 known as the factory road. The factory was in successful operation for a long 
 time and was later on used as a distillery. The first grist mill was erected in 1S08 
 by John J. Snyder, on Jordan creek later known as Kressly mill. The vSchuylkill 
 and Lehigh R. R. passes through the township, giving an outlet to the farmers 
 for their products. The schools compare favorably with those of the other town- 
 ships in the County, and are steadily advancing ; the teachers are progressive and 
 the Board of Directors are energetic, doing the best for the schools under their 
 supervision. 
 
 VILLAGES — S&egersville, a post village situated six miles west of Slat- 
 ington, contains a carriage factory, hotel, one store, post oflSce which was estab- 
 lished in 1829, daily mail. It was founded in 1760 and is a popular stopping 
 place for city folks who leave the confines and tumults of our large eastern cities 
 during the sultry Summer months. Population 460. Deibertsville is situated two 
 miles east of Saegersville, contains a post office and a number of dwellinj^s, was 
 founded in 1842, population in 1900 was 60. Germansville. one mile west of Saeg- 
 ersville, contains a store, hotel, machine shop, brick kilns, post cflEce, is on the 
 Schuylkill and Lehigh R.R. Founded in 1742 by Adam German, and the present 
 population is about 320. . Pleasant Corner is one and one-fourth miles southwest 
 of Saegersville, contains a store, hotel, grist mill. Founded 1744 by John Rice 
 and population in 1900 was 300. 
 
 Bounded on the northeast by Salisbury township, southeast by 
 I >^-^^-. Upper Milford township, northwest by Upper Macungie town- 
 
 ship, southwest by Berks county. Population in 1900 was 
 Ii^&Ctingl6 2,920. It is one of the richest townships in the County, the 
 soil is very fertile and productive and is of limestone formation. 
 Rich and valuable hematite ores are found. The Flats near East Texas in this 
 township are especially rich in iron ore. The principal streams that drain the 
 township are the Little Lehigh and Swabia creeks. Industries are the Lockridge 
 furnace near Alburtis, Macungie furnace, flour mills, etc. The people are largely 
 engaged in farming, mining, dairying, trucking. The schools are in fine condi- 
 tion and compare favorably with the schools of the County. The teachers and 
 directors are working together for the welfare and advancement of the schools 
 under their supervision. The first settlement was made in 1738, near Macungie, 
 by some German settlers led by Michael Schaeffer. 
 
 VILLAGES — Centreville is a suburb of Macungie, contains a hotel, store, 
 schoolhou.se and number of dwelling houses, post office Macungie, electric rail- 
 way passes through the town. Population 360. Albuitis on the East Pennsyl- 
 vania Branch of the P. & R. railroad and the terminus of the Catasauqua & Fog- 
 elsville branch of the same railroad, is a thriving town and has several stores, 
 hotels, silk mill, shirt factory, post office, school house containing four schools ; 
 was founded in 1857 and its population in 1900 was 780. East Texas is a small 
 village, seven miles from Allentown on the line of the Allentown & Kutztown 
 Traction Co., it contains a store, hotels, school house and post office. The popu- 
 ation in 1900 was 240. Wescoesville, a small village, five miles from Allentown, 
 has a store, hotel, church and school house, the Allentown & Kutztown Traction 
 Co.'s electric railway passes through. Population in 1900 was 200. 
 
41 
 
 This lownship lies in the southern part of tlie county, and is 
 I o'urt^r bounded on the northeast by Upper Saucon township, south- 
 
 west by Bucks county, northwest by Upper Milford township, 
 IVllllOrd and southwest by Montgomery county. Population according 
 
 to the census of 1900 was 1233. It was organized a separate 
 township in 1847. The soil is very fertile, hjeing shale and gravel and very pro- 
 ductive, the surface is very irregular. Farming is the principal pursuit of the 
 people. The following hills are within the township, Hosensack Hill (Muehl- 
 berg) in the southern part. Chestnut Hill in the northeastern part, Mosser's Ridge 
 ( Dillingers) in the northwestern part, Mill Ridge in the central part. Hosensack 
 creek rises on the west side of Chestnut Hill, flows southwest into the Perkiomen 
 creek, Dubbs, Eberhard, Dickenshied, Schantz, Walter, Indian, Trump, Swamp, 
 Hickens, Saucon, Krauss and Ortt's creeks are the other streams which drain the 
 township The first settlement was undoubtedly made in 1715, about one-fourth 
 mile west of the Swamp Church, the building was still standing a few years ago and 
 the date 1715 could still be seen on the mantel piece. The early settlers came 
 principally from Germany as can be seen by the names of Schuler, Eberhard, 
 Ortt, Yenkel, etc. 
 
 OLD LAND MARKS. The Old King's High Road and the Great Phila- 
 delphia Road were the first roads in the township. Walbert's tavern near Krauss- 
 dale which was founded in 1735 is now abandoned; Larosch's tavern, between 
 Hosensack and Zionsville on the property of the late Dr. John Ziegler, was open- 
 ed in 1786, and is now abandoned ; the Swamp church was built in 1730 near the 
 county line of Lehigh and Bucks counties, on the road leading from Dillingers- 
 ville to Spinnersville, it belongs to the Reformed denomination. Chestnut Hill 
 Union church (Lutheran and Reformed) was founded in 1740; Schwenkfelder's 
 church was founded in 1755. Schools were early established and among the first 
 schools were those at Swamp Church, 1725-30, Hosensack, 1734, Chestnut Hill is 
 not known, Kraussdale, 1742. The schools at the present time compare favorably 
 with the schools of the other townships, there are eleven schools and term is seven 
 months. John and Andrew Krauss, sons of Baltzer Krauss, Jr., built their first 
 organ in 1790, and continued the business in the vicinity of Kraussdale until 1840 
 when they moved their factory to Palm. Montgomery county, and it was there, 
 for a long time, continued by George S. and Edwin B. Krauss. 
 
 The first grist mill was built in 1745 near Hosensack on the Ho.sensack 
 creek, and was known as Kriebel's mill ; Schantz's mill, iSoo ; Gehrhard's mill, 
 f785 ; Stauffer'smill, 1786; Heiler's mill, 1780; Heist's (Walter's) mill, 1790, 
 and Dubbs' mill, 1800. Among the other industries were Antrim's Casement 
 mill, Dubbs' pottery, Dillinger's oil mill, Burkhalter's and Dubbs' tanneries and 
 Dubbs' forge. Limestones are found in large quantities and limekilns for burn- 
 ing lime found everywhere. There are four creameries in the township at Hosen- 
 sack, Kraussdale, Limeport and Plover, all of which are doing an excellent 
 business. 
 
 VILLAGES— Dilling'ersville, is situated on the road leading from Zions- 
 ville to Spinnersville. It was founded in 1735, contains a store, hotel, post office 
 and is the election place of the township. Population in 1900 was 150. Hosen- 
 sack is situated on the old King's High road, twelve miles southwest of Allen- 
 town, it was founded in 1759 and contains a store, hotel, creamery and pest 
 office. The Farmer's Alliance of the lower end of the County has its headquar- 
 ters there and are in good condition. Population 100. Limeport is on the road 
 leading from Allentown to Steinsburg, it was founded in 1825, and contains two 
 
42 
 
 stores, two hotels, post office, creamery, limestone quarries and lime kilns. Pop- 
 ulation in 1900 was 200. Kraussdale, on the old King's High road, f9unded in 
 1735, contains a creamery, grist mill and the machine shops of Krauss Bros, were 
 until lately located here. Population in 1900 was 30. Corning, on the Perkicmen 
 R.R. contains a store, post office and coal yard. Population in 1900 was 130. 
 Plover, on the road leading from Dillingersville to the Swamp church, contains a 
 store, creamery and post office, founded in 1881 by W. R. Schuler. Population 
 in 1900 was 70. 
 
 is bounded on the north by Pleidelberg and Lj-nn townships, 
 I r\^A7Vti11 on the east by North Whitehall, on the south by Upper Ma- 
 
 cungie and South Wbitehall townships, and on the west by 
 Weisenberg. Population in 1900 was 715. It was organized in 
 1753- The principal streams flowing through the township are Jordan and Lyon 
 creeks, they furnish water power for a number of mills. The soil is fertile, the 
 principal grains are raised, and potatoes extensively cultivated. The surface is 
 hilly and abounds in springs. The principal occupation of the people is farming. 
 The first land warrant was made in 1743 to John Conrad Redd. The other settlers 
 were Henry Hauser, Michael Kimbald, Richard Vodgas, John Rifle and others. 
 Some of the old land marks were Mosser's mill (Hollenbacb's) built in lyco. 
 Balzer fritz kept the first store in the township on the road leading from Fogels- 
 ville to Claussville. Lowhill church was built in 1769, in the northwestern part 
 of the township. The third building was erected in 1858. Morganland church 
 in the southeastern part, was built in 1858. One of the first public roads was laid 
 out in 1813, from Christian Hartman's house to the Great Philadelphia road. 
 The schools are comparing well with the schools of the surrounding townships, 
 the first schools were established in connection with the church. Among the 
 earlier teachers were John David, Jr., Jacob Hart, John Benner and Israel 
 Benner. 
 
 The first public house was opened before the Revolutionary war at 
 Leather Corner Po.st. 
 
 VILLAGES — WeldasvilFe was founded in 1765 Population in 1900 
 was 100. It contains a store and post office. Lyon Valley, founded in 1845. 
 Population in 1900 was 200. It contains a store, hotel and post office. Clauss- 
 ville, founded in 1801, contains a store, hotel and post office. Population in 19C0 
 was 132. Leather Corner Post, the oldest village in the township, and con- 
 tains a store and hotel. 
 
 Bounded on the north l)y Schuylkill county, east by Heidel- 
 I •vnn berg township, south by Weisenberg township and West by 
 
 Berks county. The population in 1900 vvfas 2,366, and was or- 
 ganized in 1752. The soil is productive. Grain and other 
 cereals are raised. The principal occupation of the people is farming. The first 
 mill in the township and probably the first in the county, was erected on Sweit- 
 zer's creek in 1740, one fourth mile below where Greenwald's mill now stands. 
 The first English school was established in 1812, other schools connected with 
 the congregations existed earlier. The free school system was adopted in 1838. 
 Ebenezer church, at New Tripoli, was erected in 1761 ; Jacob's church, at Jack- 
 sonville, was built in 1750; St. Peter's church, south of Lynnville, was built in 
 1857. 
 
 VILLAGES — New Tripoli was founded in 1812, was at first called 
 Saegersville, and was changed in i8i6to New Tripoli in honor of the snccess of 
 the American navy at Tripoli, in 1815. The town is regularly laid out, the streets 
 
43 
 
 running north, south, east and -west at right angles ard mostly ranged after 
 prominent men of the United States, it has two stores, two hotels, mills and 
 post office. Population in 1900 was 400. Jacksonville was founded in 1820, 
 it contains stores, church, hotel and post office. Population in 1900 was 329 
 Stelnsville, founded in 1756, and contains a store, hotel, post office, marLle 
 yard, mill .md foundry. Population in 1900 was 596. Lynnvllle, foimded in 
 I .Su6, contains a store, hotel, post office and school house. Population in 1900 
 was 16S. Rabert's Corner, formally Oswaldsville, was founded in i860. The 
 population in 19x1 was 126. Lynnport, founded in 1814, contains a store, hotel, 
 post office, mantel factory and school house. The population m 1900 was 436. 
 New felatedale was founded in 1854, Population in 1900 was 100. 
 
 is bounded on the northeast by Northampton county and 
 ^ ii Whitehall township, southeast by South Whitehall township, 
 
 1A/U*x U 11 northwest by Washington township and southwest by Lowhill 
 Wnil6nall township. Population in 1900 was 3,280. It was organized in 
 1753. The surface is undulating and the soil is very fertile and 
 all the principal grains are raised. Iron ore, limestone and cenent are found in 
 large quantities. The principal streams that drain the town.ship are the Jordan, 
 Rock, Fell's. Mill and Coplay creeks, on the banks of Mill creek were committed 
 the Indian massacres of 1763. The people are engaged in farming, mining and 
 manufacturing. 
 
 The schools are among the best m the county, the first school was estab- 
 lished in 1755, at what is now Unionville. The first English school was establish- 
 ed at RalliettsviUe in 1816. Union church is the oldest church and was built in 
 1750 ; the first Reformed minister was Rev. John D. Gross, and the first Lutheran 
 minister was Rev. John H. Schaum. 
 
 VILLAGES— Balliettsville, founded in 1749 by Paul Balliett, contains a 
 store, hotel and post office. Population in 1900 was 120. Unioi^ille, founded in 
 1S15, contains a store, hotel and post office. Population in i90o""was 200. Iron- 
 ton, founded in i860, is situated in a rich mining district and is connected with 
 Coplay by the Ironton R. R. and contains a store, hotel and post office. Popula- 
 tion in 1900 was 300. Ruchsville, founded in 1800, contains a store, hotel and post 
 office. Population in 1900 was 112. SiegersvilJe, founded in 1750 contains a store, 
 hotel and post office, is situated in a rich mining district. Population in 1900 was 
 I 25. Schnecksville. founded in 1845, contains a store, two hotels and post office. 
 Population in 1900 was 200. Laury. founded in 1832, contains a store, hotel, flour 
 mill and post office. Laury's Island in the Lehigh River is a well know summer 
 resort. Population in 1900 was 250. Rockdale, founded in 1S56, contains a store, 
 hotel and post office Population in 1900 was 150. Kernsville, founded in 1806, 
 contains a store. Population in 1900 was 60 
 
 is bounded on the northeast by the Lehigh River, northwest 
 Si^li^htirv ^^ South Whitehall township, southeast by Upper Saucon 
 ^ township, southwest by Upper Milford and Lower Macungie 
 townships. Population in 1900 was 4,583. It was organized in 
 1753 as a township. The surface is rolling and the soil very fertile. The Lehigh 
 Mountains form the southern boundary, between Salisburj- and Upper Saucon town- 
 ships. The most important streams that drain the township are the Little Lehigh, 
 Trout and Little Trout creeks. The principal occupations of the people are farm- 
 ing, manufacturing and mining. Iron ore is found along the Lehigh Mountains. 
 The first settlement was made in 1736, on what is now the Geissinger farm on the 
 Lehigh River, by Solomon Jennings. 
 
44 
 
 The oldest homesteads are Lorentz Klein a few miles west of Allentown 
 on the Little Lehigh settled by Christian Kassel in 1730 and Jacob Bogert's place 
 on the same creek a few miles from Klein's farm, settled by Peter Bogert in 1738, 
 both of the farms are still in the possession of the Klein and Bogert families. The 
 first public house was licensed in 1786, and was kept by Martin Ritter. Salisbury 
 church was built in 174.1 is situate 1 on a hill, overlooking the Little Lehigh creek , 
 one and one-half miles north of Emaus. The first Lutheran minister was the Rev. 
 J. W. Straub ; the first Reformed minister known was the Rev. J. P. Leydich. 
 Tradition says that over a hundred years ago a church stood on the site of what is 
 now Jerusalem Church, the graveyard belonging to it is still in use ; the present 
 church was erected in 1843. The first Lutheran minister of the present church 
 was the late venerable Rev. Joshua Yeager ; the first Reformed minister was the 
 Rev. Max Stem. The Mountainville Evangelical church was built in 1S63. 
 
 Salisbury had few schools originally; those living near Bethlehem sent 
 their children to that place ; those living near Emaus to that place ; and those liv- 
 ing in the vicinity of the Salisbury church to that place. One of the oldest school- 
 houses was Markle's, built in 1820. The schools are in fine condition and com- 
 pare well with the other schools of the count}'. 
 
 VILLAGES — Mountainville, was founded in 1856, contains three stores, 
 two hotels, church, carriage factory and is on the Allentown and Coopersburg 
 turnpike and Allentown and Emaus electric road. Population in 19C0 was 250. 
 South Allentown, a suburb of Allentown, contains a number of stores, hotels, 
 churches, flour mill, furnace. The Allentown and Bethlehem Electric railroad 
 passes through it. The population in 1900 was 2,000. The State Fishery in the 
 western part of Salisbury, is a fine place for pleasure parties and the fish hatchery 
 is well worth visiting. 
 
 is bounded on the northwest by North Whitehall township, 
 o -. jAi- southeast by Salisbury township, and southwest by Upper and 
 
 Lower Macungie townships. The population in 1900 was 2,472. 
 WnitCnSlll The surface is generally level with the exception of Huckle- 
 berry ridge, which runs west for about two miles, the soil is 
 very fertile. It was organized as a separate township in 1810, and was formally 
 included in Whitehall township, (which igijluded the three Whitehalls. ) The 
 two principal streams are the Jordan creek which flows through the northern 
 part and Cedar creek which flows through the southern part. The first settle- 
 ment was made in 1735, by Nicholas Kern. The Catasauqua & Fogelsville R.R. 
 passes through the township and is an outlet for the numerous ore mines along 
 its route, it crosses Jordan creek by the famous Iron Bridge which spans it, the 
 length of which is 1165 feet, consisting of 11 spans of 100 feet each, supported by 
 a series of suspension trusses. 
 
 The old roads are the Allentown and Easton and the Mauch Chunk roads. 
 The Jordan Lutheran church is the oldest in the township, it was founded in 
 1744, the first minister was Rev. Berkenstock ; Jordan Reformed church was 
 founded in 1752. the first minister was the Rev. J. H. Goetchius. Cedarville 
 Union church was founded in 1855, the first Lutheran minister was Rev. Jeremiah 
 Schiiidel and the first Reformed minister was Rev. Joseph Dubbs. The same 
 year the Evangelical church was built. 
 
 The earliest schools in the township were those that were connected with 
 the Jordan Lutheran and Reformed churches and were opened the same time the 
 churches were founded. The schools of the township compare with the other 
 schools of the County. 
 
45 
 
 VILLAGES — Cetroni&. formerly Cedarville, was founded in 1850 by 
 Charles Mertz and contains a store, hotel, three churches, flour mills and post 
 office. Dorney Fish Wier and Park, a quarter of a mile west, is a fine summer 
 resort. The Allentown & Kutztown electric road passes the village and Dorney 
 Park. Population in 1900 was 150. Crackersport. a small village, contains a 
 store, hotel and carriage factory. Population in 1900 was 90. Griesmersville, 
 founded in 1806 by Abraham Griesemer, it contains a hotel, limekilns, and the 
 famous Duck Farm is located here. The Allentown & Kutztown electric railroad 
 passes through it. Population in 1900 was 150. Guthsville. founded in 1780, and 
 contains a store, hotel and post office. Population in 1900 was 50. Mechanics- 
 ville was founded in 1823 by John Scheirer, contains a store and hotel. Popula- 
 tion in 1900 was 125. Orefield was founded in 1813 by Joseph Kern, store, hotel, 
 post office, etc. Population in 1900 was 164. Wennersville, founded in 1837 by 
 William Wenner, contains a store, hotel, school house, post oflBce and church. 
 Population in 1900 was 140. Snydersville was founded in 1835 by George Snyder. 
 Population in 1900 was 25. Guth's Station, on the Catasauqua & FogelsvilleR.R. 
 and contains a store, hotel, vitrified brick works and post ofiice. Population in 
 1900 was 140. 
 
 is bounded on the east by South Whitehall township, south by 
 
 I Inn*>r Lower Macungie township, north by Lowhill and Weisenberg 
 
 *^*^ ^ townships and on the west by Berks county. The meaning of 
 
 M&CUnglC the word Macunge is of Indian origin and means the "eating 
 
 place of bears." When food became scarce on the mountains 
 the bears came to the valleys. Population in 1900 was 2,084. It was organized as 
 a township in 1742. The first settlement was made in 1729, at Spring creek near 
 Trexlertown, on what was later known as the Schwartz's farm, by Jeremiah 
 Trexler and children. The first public road through the township was made in 
 1732 from Trexlertown to Goshenhoppen. The surface is level, the soil is fertile 
 and is of limestone formation. Iron ore and limestone are found in large quan- 
 tities in the vicinities of Foglesville, Breinigsville and Trexlertown. The Cata- 
 uaqua and Foglesville R. R. passes through the township and is an outlet for the 
 same. The principal streams that drain the township are the Macungie creek, 
 Spring creek, Little Lehigh creek and Haas creek flows in the northern part and 
 empties into the Jordan creek. Cedar creek, in the southeastern part rises in the 
 Schantz spring, and empties into the Little Lehigh creek at Schreiber's Mill, turn- 
 ing many mills in its course. Schantz Spring which is situated in this township 
 about five miles west of Allentown, is a very large spring of pure water, being 
 nearly free from mineral substance. The power and force of the water of the 
 spring is very remarkable, it propels a saw^ mill at its very beginning. A 36x12 
 inch stream of water pours forth at one place. Cedar Creek propels four flour 
 mills along its course. It was a pleasant meeting place where the red men used 
 to assemble in days gone by. The first settler at the spring was John George 
 Guth in 1744, though settling about a mile from the spring and erected a grist- 
 mill there which he sold to his son George, together with sixty acres of land in 
 1766. In 1774 Adam Eppler became the owner ; in 17SS Henry Bortz, and Jacob 
 Schantz in 1792. In 1818 Jacob Schantz, Jr. became the owner and in 1844 his 
 son Hiram J. Schantz came into possession of it and lately disposed of it to David 
 Koch who afterwards sold it to the City of Allentown (in 1900) who intend laying 
 pipes and bring the water of the spring to the city. The people came from far 
 and near to have their grain ground at the mill in the early times. 
 
 Lehigh County Poor House was founded in 1844, upon the farm bought 
 
46 
 
 from C. and S. Mertz in South Whitehall township, containing two hundred and 
 sixty acres for $27,742. 
 
 The first constable of Macungie was John Brandberg, appointed in 1737. 
 
 VILLAGES — BreinlgsvlIIe, contains a store, hotel, schools, church and 
 a postofl5ce. The Allentown and Kutztown trolley line passes through the village. 
 Population in 1900 was 213. Chapman's on the Catasauqua and Foglesville R. 
 R., contains a store, hotel, post oflBce, a coal and lumber yard. Population 1900 
 was 60. Trexl --rtown, the oldest town in the township, is on the Catasauqua 
 and Fogelsville R. R. and on the Allentown & Kutztown trolley line, 8 miles from 
 Allentown, and contains a store, three hotels, a Lutheran and Reformed church, 
 post office, coal and lumber yard, machine shop, graded school and Masonic Hall. 
 Population 1900, 345. Fogelsville was founded in 1798 by Judge John Fogel, and 
 contains three stores, two hotels, two schools, three churches and a post ofiice. 
 Population 1900, was 638. 
 
 bounded on the northeast bj- Salisburj- and Upper Saucon, 
 
 ITnnpr southeast by Lower Milford, northwest by Lower Macungie, 
 
 *| southwest by Berks county. The form is rectangular and was 
 
 iVlllIOru formed Into a separate township in 1852. Population in 1900 
 
 was 2,712. The surface is hilly and the soil is fertile being 
 principally gravel and red shale. Iron Ore of different kinds are found. Perkio- 
 men creek flows through the western part in the form of a horse shoe; Leibeit's 
 creek is in the northeastern part and flows through Leibert's Gap and empties in- 
 to the Little Lehigh creek; Fetterman's creek is in the northern part empties into 
 Leibert's creek at Vera Cruz; Miller's creek is in the northern part empties into 
 the Little Lehigh creek. The first settlement was made at or near Old Zionsville 
 in 1733. by the Mennonites. The township was organized in 1734. 
 
 The first road was the King's High road leading through Shimerville and Zions- 
 ville from Trexlertown to Goshenhoppen, 1736, the second road was the Great 
 Philadelphia road laid out in 1740, the third road was laid out at the same time 
 from Emaus to Chestnut Hill Among the old sites are Fisher's tavern between 
 Shimerville and Macungie, on the King's High road, opened prior to 1795, by 
 Jacob Fisher, the property being now owned by Ambrose Schantz; Seider's tavern 
 opened in 1785 by George Seiders, on the Great Philadelphia road upon the prop- 
 erty now owned by U. H. Wieand, The early churches were Zionsville Reformed 
 church, founded in 1750, Rev. John E. Hecker \vas the first pastor. Zionsville 
 Lutheran church was founded in 1735, Rev. L. H. Schrecke. was the first pastor. 
 The Mennonite church, was founded in 1735; St. Peters church was lounded in 
 1843, Revs. D. Kohler and H. Bassler were the first Lutheran and Reformed min- 
 isters. The Evangelical church was founded in 1830 bj' Bishop John Seybert; the 
 Mennonite Brethren church was founded in 1857 by the Rev. William Gehman, 
 who had withdrawn from the Mennonite church on account of differences of re- 
 ligious doctrine. Peter Walbert was appointed the first constable of Upper Mil- 
 ford township, in 1739. 
 
 The first schools were established in connection with the founding of the first 
 settlements in 1735 by the Mennonites at Zionsville, the .schools of the township 
 compare well with the schools of the rest of the county. There are at present fif- 
 teen schools, both graded and ungraded. 
 
 VILLAGES — Old Zionsville, founded in 1734, on the old Kings High road, 
 Hereford & S'.iiine:ville turnpike, cont liiis four stores, hotel two, churches and post 
 office. Population 1900 was 160. Zionsville, founded in i'^'76, on the Perkiomen 
 
47 
 
 R. R., and contains a store, hotel, coal 3'ard, flour and feed store and post oflBce. 
 Population in 1900 was 100. Shimerville on the old King's High road and Here- 
 ford and Shiniersville turnpike, founded in 1734 by Durk Jasen, contains a store, 
 hotel and post office. Population in 1900 was 140. Powder Valley, on the Indian 
 creek, contains a store, pottery and post office. Population in 1900 was 125. 
 Sigmund, situated in the Perkionien valley and on the site where Hampton Fur- 
 nace stood and whose ruins can still be sten contains a store, crepniery and post 
 office. Population in 1900 was 120. Vera Cruz on the Great Philadelphia road, 
 founded in 1763. contains a store, hotel, creamery and post office. Population in 
 U)00 was 200. Vera Cruz Station, on the Perkiomen R. R., contains a flour and 
 feed store, coal yard and depot. Population in 1900 was 130. Dilling^r's on the 
 Perkiomen R. R., contains a store, flour and feed store, coal yard and post office. 
 PjpiUtiou in 1900 was 120. West Emaus, a suburb of Emaus, contains several 
 hotels, printing office, pipe works, furnace, meat market, 2 coal and lumber yards 
 and Miller's Park. Population in 1900 was 500. 
 
 is bounded on the northeast by Lower Saucon township, North- 
 |T hampton county, southeast by Sprinfield township, Bucks 
 
 '^'^ county, northwest by Salisbury, southwest by Upper Milford. 
 
 OdtJCOn Population in 1900 was 2,721. The surface is diversified, the 
 
 Lehigh or South IMountains are in the northern part. The val- 
 leys are of limestone formation, the soil is very fertile and highly cultivated and 
 large crops are raised. Iron ore, limestones are found in quantities, and the fam- 
 ous zinc mines of Friedensville are in this township. The township is well drain- 
 ed by the numerous small streams that flow through it, Saucon creek is the prin- 
 cipal one and a number of mills are turned by it. The first settlement was made 
 near Coopersburg in 1730, by English, German and Welsh settlers. It was organ- 
 ized as a township in 1743. 
 
 The first public road was laid out in 1750, from Heller's tavern, Lanark across 
 the Lehigh Mountains. The Mennonite Meeting House near Coopersburg was 
 built in 173S; Blue Church, (Lutheran and Reformed) founded in 1740. The first 
 Lutluran minister was Rev. Henry M. Muhlenberg; the first Reformed minister 
 was Rev. Hofi'meir. Friedensvile, church founded in 1793. The first Lutheran 
 minister was Rev. John C. Yeager, the first Reformed minister was Rev. John H. 
 HofTmeier. The Mennonite Brethren in Christ Meeting House was founded in 
 1863. The Rev. Abel Strawn; was the first minister. M. E. church Friedensville 
 was founded in 1863 by Rev. M. B. Durrell; Free Methodist church, Centre Valley 
 was founded in 18S3 by Rev. Manshart. 
 
 AUentown and Coopersburg turnpike passes through the township. The North 
 Pennsylvania branch of the Philadelphia and Reading R. R., also passes through 
 it, affording an easy outlet for the products of the township. 
 
 The first school was established in 173S near Coopersburg. The schools are in 
 an excellent condition and keep apace with schools of tlie other townships of the 
 county. 
 
 VILLIAGES — Centre Valley on the North Pennsylvania R. R., contains 
 two stores, three hotels, two churches, a mill and a post office. Population in 
 1900 was 527. Freidensville, contains several stores, two hotels, two churches 
 and a post office. The famous Zinc mines are located here. Population in 1900, 
 was 363. Locust Valley, Spring Valley and Lanark, are small post villiages and 
 contain a store and a hotel. There are also several creameries within the town- 
 ship. 
 The following anecdote of the early settlers has been told the writer by one 
 
48 
 
 whose grandfather had been at the place where it happened. On a certain day 
 an Indian came to the blacksmith at Lanark, to have some work done, when the 
 blacksmith told him that if he would furnish the fuel he would do the work. 
 The Indian said if that was all that was required he would get some coal. He 
 went away and soon returned with coal enough to have his work done, where he 
 got his coal is a mystery to this day, rumor has spread time and time again that 
 the Lehigh Mountains contain a deposit of coal. Search for it has been made in 
 vain thus far to discover the place where the Indian got his coal. 
 
 bounded on the north by Carbon county, northeast by North- 
 ampton county, southeast by North Whitehall, west by Heid- 
 ^Vdshin^tOn ^l^erg. Population in 1900, was 3,096. It was organized as a 
 township in 1847. The surface is generally level, the soil is 
 very fertile and the grains raised are similar to those of the 
 surrounding townships. Slate quarying is the principal industry, the slate is 
 found in large quantities all over the township. The slate is used for roofing, 
 school slates and black board surfaces, etc. The principal streams that drain the 
 township are the Trout and Little Trout creeks. The first settlement was made 
 in 1742, between Unionville and Slatington by Casper Peters. 
 
 The first school of which there is any record was established in 1712, and the 
 schools at the present time are equal to the schools of the surrounding townships, 
 and they are steadily advancing. ^ 
 
 VILLAGES — Friedensville, founded in 1847, contains a store and a church 
 (Lutheran and Reformed.) Population in 1900 was 100. Slatedale, is on the Berks 
 and Lehigh R. R., and contains two stores, two hotels, two churches and a post 
 office. Population is 500 Williamstown, contains a store, hotel and church. 
 Population in 1900 was 150. Franklin, contains a store, hotel and slate mantel 
 factory. Population in 1900 was 400. 
 
 bounded on the north by North Whitehall township, east by 
 Northampton county and Hanover, south by Allentown, west 
 ^Vhitehdwll ^^' South Whitehall. Organized in 1767. Population in 1900, 
 was 7,935. The soil is very fertile and of limestone formation. 
 Iron ore and cement are found in large quantities. The prin- 
 cipal streams that drain the township are Jordan, Coplay and Mill creeks. The 
 Lehigh Valley, Catasauqua and Fogelsville R. R's., pass through the township 
 and afford an easy outlet for the products of the farmers, iron ore and cement. 
 The first settlement was made near Egypt, in 1733, by some emigrants from Ger- 
 many. 
 
 The first school in the township was in connection with the Egypt church 1733. 
 The schools of the township are among the best in the county, being graded and 
 ungraded. 
 
 The people are employed in farming, dairying, mining, quarrying and manufac- 
 turing. Cement works are found in Egypt and Cementon. 
 
 VILLAGES — Cementon, founded in 1770, by John Siegfried, aud contains 
 stores, hotels, churches and a post office, and is on the Lehigh Valley R. R. 
 Population in 1900, 500. West Catasauqua, a suburb of Catasauqua contains stores, 
 hotels, foundries, factories of various kinds and graded schools. Population in 
 1900 was 600. FuUerton, founded in 1862, contains car shop, wheel and forge 
 works, rolling mill, foundry, stores, hotels, churches, schools and post office. 
 It is on the I^ehigh Valley R. R. Population in 1900 was 800. Egypt, founded 
 in 1733. contains stores, hotels, churches, schools and a post office. The first 
 
49 
 
 church in the township was built in this place in 1733. Population in 1900 was 
 1,200. Mickley's is a j^rowing town along the Lehigh Valley R. R., and has a 
 post office. Catasauqua, Egypt and Fullerton are connected with Allentown by 
 Electric roads. 
 
 is Bounded on the northwest by Lowhill township, southeast 
 Wpis<*nhprp* ^- ^^PP^r Macungie township, northwest by Lynn township, 
 
 southwest by Berks count j'. Population, in 1900 was 1366. 
 
 The surface hilly and broken, the soil is gravel. The 
 following streams, drain the township ; the Jordan Spring, Shaffer's run, Hass, 
 Lyon, Willow, Weiss, Holben, Switzer and Silver creeks. Farming manufactor- 
 ies, is the principal pursuit, of the people. The first settlement was made in 
 1734, in the vicinity of the Ziegle's church, by people from Palatinate and 
 Switzerland. 
 
 Ziegle's church, was founded in 1744 ; and Rev. Jacob Schertlein, was 
 the first Lutheran minister and Rev. P. J. Michael, was the first Reformed min- 
 ister ; Weisenberg church in the northwest corner of the towship, was founded in 
 1754; Rev. Jacob F. Schertlein, was the first Lutheran minister; Rev. R. 
 Kidenweiler, was the first Reformed minister. 
 
 The first schools were established as soon as the first settlements were 
 made. The schools of the township, are making the same progress as in the 
 surrounding townships. 
 
 VILLAGES — Seipstown, founded in 1S20, contains a store, hotel, church 
 and post office. Population, in 1900,200. Hynemansville, founded in 1740, is in the 
 central part and contains a store, hotel and post office. Population, in 1900, was 
 100. Seiberlingsville. founded in 1790 and contains a store, hotel and post office. 
 Population, in 1900, was 120. New Smithville, founded in 1812 and contains a 
 store, hotel and post office. Population, in 1900, was 130, Werley's Corner, 
 founded in 1838 and contains a store, hotel and post office. 
 
50 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 COUNTY SEATANO BOROUGHS. 
 
 The only city in Lehigh county is the county seat, AllentoM-n, 
 Aii_„x__^j- the Queen city of the Valley and was founded in 1762 by James 
 Allen, from whom it received its name. The first settlement 
 was however made in 1751, is beautifully situated on the west 
 banks of the Lehigh river and the mouths of Jordan and the Little Lehigh creeks. 
 Is beautifully laid out, the streets run north and south, east and west, crossing 
 each other at right angles, Hamilton street running east and west is the princi- 
 pal thoroughfare and over two miles long. It has a fine public square at 7th and 
 Hamilton streets formerly called Centre Square, now called Monument Square 
 on account of the beautiful monument erected there to the, memory of the 
 Soldiers and Sailors of the Civil War, 1861-65, who had enlisted from the county. 
 
 The high flood of T841, the failure of the Northampton Bank in 1843 and 
 the great fire of 1848, know-n as the disastrous decade, were important events 
 in the history of the town from 1840 to 1850, out of which the city like a magic 
 sprung forth and was more substantially built. The buildingof railroads helped 
 to advance the growth of the city. Among the public buildings are the Court 
 house, banking buildings, business houses, market house, fine hotels, Opera 
 houses, Hospital, fine large public school buildings, the Fair Grounds and Build- 
 ings of the Lehigh county Agricultural Society and Cemeteries. 
 
 Manufactories. The city has many and various kinds of industries, 
 among which are the following : furnaces, founderies, wire mills, boiler works, 
 silk mills, breweries thread mills, cigar factories, carriage factories, shoe factories, 
 fire brick and building bricks, flour mills, machine shops, planing mills, oil re- 
 fineries, blank book manufactory, furniture factories, etc., which give employ- 
 ment to many people. 
 
 Newspapers. The first English Newspaper, was the " Lehigh Central, " 
 established in 1817 by C. L. Hutter. " Der Friedensbote and Lecha 
 County Anzeiger " was established in 1812 by Joseph Ehrenfried. " Lehigh Bul- 
 letin, " was established in 1837. changed to the " Democrat" by John Royer. 
 The " Lehigh Register, " was established in 1846 by Augustus L. Ruhe. The 
 ■' Daily News, " was established in 1866 by Peter Correll. The Chronicle was 
 established in 1870 by Robert Irdell. The " Evening Dispatch, " was established 
 in 1866. " Daily Herald, " was established in 1873, by T. F. Emmons. "The 
 Bugle, " was established in 1876 by William P. Snyder and A. S. Orr. The 
 " Evening Telegram, " was established in 1882, by Eugene Lochman. The 
 " Critic, "was established in 1883, by Samuel S. Wolever. The " Allentonian " 
 
51 
 
 was established in 1850, b}' William J. Grim. Der "Jugend Freund " and Die 
 " Lutherische Zetschrifft, " were established by the Rev. S. K. Brobst, in 1847. 
 " Our National Hope, " was established by H. S. Rice. "Zion's Watch Tower, " 
 was established by Rev. Gernert. The " Morning Call " was established in 1896 
 by David Miller, Charles Weiser and others. The "Daily City Item" was 
 established in 1873, by Cyrus Kuntz and others. The " Muhlenberg, " published 
 monthly, in the interest of Muhlenberg College ; Jugend Freund, published 
 monthly. American Phonographic and Literary Journal, published quarterly. 
 The " Lehigh Patriot " publi.shed monthly in the interest of the P. O. S. of A. 
 Founded in 1901, by David H. Jacks and W. P. Steinhaeuser. The Allentown 
 Star, founded in 1901, a weekly. 
 
 The National Bank, was opened for business in 1855 and the Second 
 National Bank, in 1863. The Lehigh Valley Trust and Safe Deposit Company 
 was opened for business in 1886. 
 
 Education. Schools were early established and instruction was given 
 in both the English and German languages. The English teachers came from 
 the Irish settlements, Allen township, Northampton county. Mr. Brown was the 
 name of the first teacher known, taken as a whole the teachers were aVjle in- 
 structors. The schools were kept in private houses until 1773, when the first 
 schoolhouse was erected in the rear of what is now Zion's Reformed Church, and 
 was in the shape of an Octagon. The schools of that time were all subscription 
 schools. A school for girls was opened in 1813, night schools were in operation 
 from 1813 to 1845. Allentown Academy was opened in 1831, a Ladies Seminary 
 in 1848. By Act of Assembly, the borough of Allentown, Salisbury and North- 
 ampton townships paid $421. 71 in 1824, for the instruction of their poor children. 
 In 1833, Allentown alone paid for the same purpose 11434.77. 
 
 The free school system was adopted in 1834, and since then the schools 
 have made rapid progress and are at present in the front rank of the schools of 
 the state. The schools are under the supervision of the city superintendent of 
 schools. The high school was established in 1858. The first principal of the 
 high school was Prof. R. W. Alpme, the first city superintendent of schools. Prof. 
 R. K. Buehrle, the first graduating class of the high school in 1869. Muhlenberg 
 College, belonging to the Lutheran church, and Allentown Female College, be- 
 longing to the Reformed church, are two well and widely known institutions of 
 higher learning, and afford all the requirements necessary for a complete colleg- 
 iate education, and the Allentown and the American Business Colleges are locat- 
 ed in the city and are well patronized by the community. 
 
 Churche./", The following religious denominations have a strong foot- 
 hold in the city, the Lutheran, Reformed, Presbyterians, Baptist, United Breth- 
 ern. Free Methodist, Evangelical Association, United "F^vangelical, Methodist 
 Episcopal and Catholics, all of which have fine church edifices. The Jews, 
 Mennonite, Brethern in Christ, Moravians and others are represented but have 
 no churches of their own and worship in halls and other places. 
 
 Societiej". There are many secret and beneficial societies which have a 
 large menrbership. And the city has several of the finest bands that can be 
 found in any city, and other fine musical organizations. 
 
 Transportion Fa.cilitiey. The following railroads terminate or pass 
 through the city, giving it great facilities for traveling and for transportation, 
 
52 
 
 east, west, north and south, to New York, Philadelphia, Buffalo, Chicago, the 
 coal regions and other points : the Lehigh Valley R. R. and Lehigh and Susque- 
 hanna R. R. give it communication with the east and west, the Philadelphia and 
 Reading R. R. with its branches connects it north and south, and the Perkio- 
 men R. R.to Philadelphia. And Electric roads connects it with Bethlehem, Ban- 
 gor, Catasauqua, Coplay, Easton, Egypt, Emaus, Hellertown, Macungie, Nazareth, 
 Siegfried, Slatington and intermediate points. 
 
 History. When the Revolutionary was began in 1775, Allentown, had a 
 population of 350 souls. But it was a place of some importance already. After 
 the battle of Trenton, ( December 26, 1776.) the He.ssi an prisoners which Wash- 
 ington, had captured there were taken to Allentown, and confined in rude pris- 
 ons located near where Gordon street, crosses the Jordan creek. Other prisoners, 
 followed and were confined here. It was a safe place to keep the prisoners. 
 
 It is not generally known, that General George Washington, with his 
 staff, not long after the battle of Trenton, passed through Allentown, up Water 
 street (now Lehigh street). They stopped, at the foot of the street, at a large 
 spring on what is now the property occupied, by the Wire Mill. There are 
 several springs in the vicinity on both sides of the street, and near Wire street. 
 They rested and watered their horses, then went their way to their post of duty. 
 
 In the Spring of 1777, the only Church in Allentown, was turned into a 
 hospital for the sick and wounded American soldiers. The citizens of the town, 
 not only cared for the sick and wounded American soldiers, but also kept a 
 watchful eye on the Hessian prisoners, and were also menaced by hostile Indians. 
 
 The Whitehall massacres, were still fresh in the minds of our fore- 
 fathers, and that on one Sunday morning, the Minister in Allentown, in 1763 
 had to cut his sermon short, to organize his congregation into a military com- 
 pany, to repel the threatened attack of the Indians, now that the war had broken 
 out, their old enemy was more active than ever, and the citizens of the county, 
 were constantly menaced. The price of liberty and of their lives, was eternal 
 vigilance on their part. 
 
 Provision was getting scarce, meat in most families was a luxury, the 
 most common articles of food necessary to sustain life, were often not obtainable. 
 Salt was twenty dollars a bushel, the grease obtained by boiling the stems of 
 the "candelbeny " bush, was the only material for making candles. 
 
 In 1777 Toryism, was in the Ascendency at Bethlehem. The govern- 
 ment found it necessary to remove their cartridge manufactory, to a safer place, 
 and the town of Northampton, (Allentown,) was selected. In July 1778, the 
 government had 12,000 stands of arms, here for the army. Arms, saddleries &c., 
 were manufactured and repaired. 
 
 In 1778 when the rations ran short in the army, the farmers in the county 
 brought their grain and cattle and sold them to the commissaries of the Ameri- 
 can army, taking payment for the same, "Continental money," instead of 
 British gold. 
 
 The two principal roads that passed through the town, were the Old 
 New York and Pittsburg road, from Easton to Reading, through what is now the 
 Union and Jackson streets. The other from Bake Oven Knob, by the way of 
 Helfrich's Spring, through what is now Seventh street. 
 
53 
 
 Incorporated as a borough in 1811, calkd Northampton, the name 
 changed to Allentown in 1S38, became the county seat in ]Si2, made a city in 
 1S67 ; its limits include the township of Northampton and adjacent parts of Sal- 
 isbury and Whitehall township, containing 3.14 square miles or 2011.27 acres. 
 The first Homeopathic School in the United States, was established in the city 
 in 1835, by Dr. Constantine Hering, several years later removed to Philadelphia, 
 The first officers of the new College were ; President Dr. Constantine Hering, 
 Vice President, Dr. John Romig, Jr., Secretary, Solomon L. Keck, Directors, 
 Dr. William Wesselheft, Dr. Henry Detweiler, Rev. C. Becker, John Rice, 
 Joseph Saeger, Christian Pretz, George Keck Sr., Trustees, William Eckeit, 
 Rev. P. H. Goepp, Henry Ebner, J. B. R. Hunter, John J. Krause. The school 
 opened in a building on Penn street, between Hamilton and Walnut streets, now 
 used as a public school building. 
 
 A fire on the first day of June 1848, destroyed the business portion of the 
 town, loss 5200,000, known as the great fire. Captain Trexler's company of 48 
 men marched to defend the frontier settlements, during the Indian war of 1755. 
 
 The names of the streets of AUentown, were at first as folic ws : Tilghman 
 now p-ourth, Penn now Lehigh, Margaret now Fifth, William now Sixth, Allen 
 now Seventh, James now Eighth, Union now Union, John now Walnut, Hamilton 
 now Hamilton, Andrew now Linden. The part of AUentown, lying between the 
 Jordan Creek and the Lehigh river, was formerly called Lehigh Port, by the 
 people, "St Domingo" Mingo. Judge Allen, of Philadelphia, owned five 
 thousand acres of land on both si^es of the Lehigh River, in vhat is now Salis- 
 burg, Whitehall and Hanover township. The whole region was known as 
 Macungie; where Muhlenberg College is situated, Judge Allen, erected a resi- 
 dence which he called " Trout Hall, " on account the trouts that abounded in 
 the streams. 
 
 Lynford Lardner, of Philadelphia, owned a tract of land between the 
 Jordan and Cedar Creek, and erected thereon a building which he called " Grouse 
 Hall " on account of the many Quails found in the vicinity. The building being 
 painted white went by the name of " White Hall" which gave the name later 
 to the township. The above region, was a regular Paradise for the hunters and 
 fisherman and many of the high officials came to this famous resort for hunting 
 and fishing. The Governor, once came too for hunting and fishing and stayed 
 over Sunday with a certain farmer, whom he asked for an interesting book for 
 reading wherewith he could better spend the time. The farmer replied that he 
 had such a one, and brought in a well worn bible, and handed it to him. The 
 govemer took it and read it that day without any murmur. 
 
 Among the early settlers of AUentown, were the following: (1764) 
 Leonard Able, laborer ; Simon Breoner, carpenter ; David Deschler, shop keeper; 
 Martin Derr, wheelwright ; Martin Froelich, George Leyendecker, locksmith ; 
 George Lauer, Daniel Nunnermaker, Abraham Rinker, Peter Schwab, Peter 
 Miller, tailor ; George Wolf, tavern keeper. In 1766 thirty-three families resided 
 in AUentown, and in 1774 forty-nine families, in 1776 the town had fift}--four 
 houses and seven taverns. The rents for houses per year ^\ere from four to eight 
 dollars, and the population of the town, was in 1776 three hundred and thirty. 
 In 1792, the town had fifty-nine dwellings. The valuation of the property from 
 1762 to 1776, were twelve shillings, (J1.60) for each house, the taxes were from 
 ten to twenty cents for each house. Taverns were taxed, from six to ten dollars 
 each. In 1763, Jacob Roth, a minister petitioned the Lieutenant Governor, 
 
54 
 
 James Hambleton, Commander in Chief, to form a company to repell, the in- 
 cursions of the Indians, and that he should send them one hundred pounds of 
 powder, four hundred pounds of lead, one hundred and fifty stands of guns. 
 The petition was granted. In i8oo,- the town had ninety families. In 1843, 
 the failure of the Northampton Bank, caused a financial crises from which the 
 town soon recovered. In 1846, the first furnace, was built. Benjamin Perry, 
 was the first superintendent, he was succeeded by the late Samuel Lewis. In 
 1848, a great fire broke out incurring a loss of |;2oo,ooo, which was covered only 
 b}' $40,000 insurance. The people did not get discouraged, and went to work 
 and soon there arose out of the ashes a new town, more substantially built. 
 
 The first borough election held in Allentown, was held in a small stone 
 hostelry, where the Hotel Allen now stands. The first market house in the city, 
 was at the corner of Seventh and Hamilton Streets. It was opened in 1817. The 
 first water company, was formed in 1S16. The first Fire company was formed in 
 181 1. The name of the town, changed from Northampton to Allentown, in 1838. 
 On April 23, 1853, the borough was divided into three wards. Allentown, was 
 incorporated as a city, March 12, 1867. The first Fire engine was bought in 1820. 
 The oldest church in the city, Zion's Reformed church, corner Church and Ham- 
 ilton Streets. Mr. Brown, opened a school in 1795. Among the other early 
 teachers were Messrs, Thatcher, Eberhard and John Ryan. The first teachers 
 meeting was held in 1827. The Allentown Academy; was founded in 1814, at the 
 Northwest corner of Eighth and Walnut streets. Young Ladies' Academy, was 
 founded in 1831, Allentown Seminary was opened in 1848. Allentown High 
 School, was opened in 1858. Muhlenberg College, was founded in 1867. Allen- 
 town Female College, was founded in 1867. 
 
 The first store was opened by Peter Snyder in 1794, the second store, 
 by George Graff, near the Monument Square in 1795, in a red building, which 
 was taken possession of in 1800 by James Wilson and continued by the same until 
 1815 when he took into partnership Mr. Selfridge, trading as Wilson & Selfridge 
 till 1845. The first hotel was opened in 1764 by George Wolf, the first post oflSce 
 established in 1812, before that time the people received their mail at Bethlehem, 
 George Savitz, the first postmaster. First Burgess, Peter Rhoads, 181 1, the first 
 Mayor, Samuel McHose, 1867. Population, 1900, 35,416. 
 
 This thriving borough is situated on the left bank of the 
 
 ^ +acaifnii5^ Lehigh river, three miles north of Allentown with which it 
 
 " is connected by an Electric road, the Lehigh Valley and 
 
 Lehigh and Susquehanna R. R., and the eastern terminus 
 of the Catasauqua and Fogelsville R. R. It was founded in 1839. Population, 
 1900, was 3,963. It derived its name from the creek of the same name which 
 empties into the Lehigh river below the town, it is an Indian name. Incorporat- 
 ed as a borough in 1853. 
 
 It is a busy manufacturing town, the following are the principal works : 
 the Crane Iron works founded, by David Thomas, Catasauqua Manufacturing 
 Company, Founderies, Rolling Mill, Horseshoe Works, Brick Works, Planing 
 Mills, Grist Mills, Gas Works, Water Works, Silk Mills and several Newspapers. 
 
 The Religious Denominations of the town are the Lutheran, Reformed, 
 Congregational, Presbyterians, Baptist, Evangelical Association, United Evangel- 
 ical and Catholic. 
 
 Before it was incorporated as a borough, the schools and borough were 
 embraced in the Hanover School district, the first school within the borough was 
 
55 
 
 located on Race street. All the school buildings are of brick structure and of 
 modern architecture. The High school was established in 1863 ; R. C. Ham- 
 mersly, was the first principal. 
 
 CoolaV Founded in 1853. Population, 1900, was 1581. Is situated 
 
 on the same side of the Lehigh river as Hokendauqua, and 
 was the seat of the Coplay Iron Works and has Cement Works, a number of 
 stores, hotels, churches, graded schools and the Lehigh Valley R. R., passes 
 through it, and is connected with Allentown, by an Electric road. 
 
 Founded in 1818. Population, 1900 was 556. On the North 
 
 f*r»f»npr«Kiirc^ Pennsylvania R. R., contains stores, hotels, factories, 
 
 '^ ^ churches, graded schools and Cooper's Stock farm, the 
 
 Philadelphia and Lehigh Electric road connects it with 
 Allentown. Incorporated as a borough in 1S79. 
 
 £in£lUS Founded in 1747 by the Moravians. Population, 1900, was 
 
 1468. Is on the East Pennsylvania Branch of the P. and R. 
 Railroad and the Perkiomen Railroad, contains stores, hotels, silk mill, cigar 
 factories, furnace, foundry, graded schools and churches. Incorporated as a 
 borough in 1859, and connected with Allentown, by the Allentown and Emaus 
 Electric road. 
 
 A suburb of South Bethlehem, founded in 1850. Popula- 
 Pminfain Hill *^^*^"' i9°*3i was 1,214. Contains stores, hotels, brick yards, 
 etc., the Electric road Connects it with Allentown and 
 Bethlehem. 
 
 This thriving town is situated on the right banks of the 
 Lehigh river, founded in 1854. Population, 1900, was 
 1,500. The seat of the Thomas Iron Works, has number 
 of stores, hotels, churches and graded schools is an in- 
 dependent school district. On the Lehigh Valley R. R. and connected with 
 Allentown by an Electric road. 
 
 Hokendauqua 
 
 Founded in 1776 and is four miles west of Emaus, with 
 
 NldwCUn^ie winch it is connected by the Allentown and Emaus Electri^ 
 
 road and is its western terminus. Population, 1900, was 692 
 
 Contains stores, hotels, furnaces, factories, foundry, churches 
 
 and graded schools, and is on the East Pennsylvania Branch of the P. and R. 
 
 Railroad, and was incorporated as a borough in 1S57. 
 
 Founded in 1S51 and is situated on the right bank of the Le- 
 3l3^^irj^^Qjl high river, on the Lehigh Valley R. R. and is the eastern 
 terminus of the Berks and Lehigh R. R., 20 miles north of 
 Allentown, to which it is connected by the Allentown & Slat- 
 ington Electric road. Population, 1900, was 3,773. Incorporated in 1864, con- 
 tains numerous stores, hotels, water works, rolling mill, factories, several news- 
 papers, national bank, churches and graded schools, the high school was estab- 
 lished in 1864, H. A. Kline, was the first principal. It is in the center of the Le- 
 high slate region and the slate quarries and slate factories where are manufactured 
 school, mantel, blackboard, etc., of all kinds, is the principal industry of the 
 place. 
 
56 
 
 West Bethlehem 
 
 Founded in 1869, is situated on the left bank of the 
 Lehigh river and Monocacy creek. Population, 
 1900, was 3,465. Incorporated as a borough in ]S8o, 
 and contains stores, hotels, silk mills, factories, 
 
 foundries, churches, graded schools, connected with Allentown by on Electric 
 
 road and turn-pike, and Bethlehem by a fine iron bridge. 
 
 The schools of all the boroughs are in a fine and flourishing condition, 
 having regular courses of study and the pupils of the high schools, passing 
 through a full course of study, graduate therefrom and many are able to enter 
 the schoolroom as teachers or enter other vocations. The schools compare with 
 the best in the state and are under a supervising principal. The schools are also 
 under the supervision of the County Superintendent of Schools. 
 
 o-^ee/?*. 
 
57 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 DUTIES OF THE COUNTY OFFICERS. 
 
 Judges. — When a County has more than 40,000 inhabitants it has 
 one or more judges learned in the law. The number of judges is increased 
 with the increase of the population. Counties less than 40,000 inhabitants or 
 joint districts of two or more counties in each. The counties of such districts, 
 have each two associate judges, not learned in the law ; the district elects one 
 judge learned in the law, who, is called the President judge. He holds court in 
 the counties in time. His duties are to preside at the trial of cases, to conduct 
 the trial impartially, to hear the evidence, to decide points of law raised in the 
 progress of the trial, to charge the jury with instruction for making up a verdict. 
 He issues the various writs — habe corpus, of mandamus, of injunction, of quo 
 WARRANTO, the Staying of executions, the granting of petitions, of issjiing natural- 
 ization papers, removal of certain officers, the chartering of corporations, not for 
 profit, as cemeteries, hospitals and secret societies. Term, ten years, salary 
 $4,000 a year, except in Philadelphia, (fy.ooo) Alleghany, ($6,000) and in Dau- 
 phin and Westmoreland, (Is.ooo). He can be re-elected. The associated judges, 
 have the same power that the President judge has, but seldom exercise them. 
 They are mainly advisory members on the bench. They exercise an eqaal 
 voice in establishing roads, granting licenses. They reside in the county, where 
 there services are a convenience in the absence of the President judge. Their 
 salary is five ($5.00) a day when actual serving. There are three kinds of juries, 
 the Grand Jury, the Petit Jury and the Traverse Jury. Twenty-four men are 
 drawn for the Grand Jury, one of whom is excused to avoid a tie. The duty of 
 the Grand Jury is to decide what cases should be brought before the Court. It 
 hears only the evidences for the Commonwealth, that is against the accused. If 
 a case is made out the foreman of the Grand Jury endorses the bill of indictment, 
 which makes it a true bill. Only one witness is allowed to be before the Grand 
 Jury, at one time and no one but the district attorney is allowed to be present 
 during its sessions. The Grand Jury inspects annually all the public buildings, 
 of the county, and approves the location of county bridges. The Petit Jury, 
 usually consists of from thirty-six to sixty men each. This jury tries criminal 
 cases, after listening to the evidences, the pleas of the attorneys and the charge 
 of the judges, must retire to a room and make up their verdict without talking to 
 anyone, but the judge. Their verdict must be unanimous whether it is Guilty, 
 or Not Guilty. In cases of larceny of goods not amounting to ten dollars of value, 
 the verdict is not Guilty, they have the power to put the costs on the prosecutor, 
 or the defendent, or the county, or apportions them between the prosecutor, or 
 the defendent. If they cannot agree there must be a new trial. Traverse Jury, 
 the Traverse Jury, tries civil cases and their verdict is either for the Plaintiff, or 
 for the Defendent. If there is any damages the jury fixes the amount which 
 constitutes a part of the verdict. The jurymen of all the juries get fa .00 a day 
 and 12 cents mileage. 
 
 Notary Public— This is strictly speaking a State office and is appointed 
 by the Governor, for a term of four years. His salary consists of fees fixed by 
 law. There may be appointed a notary public in every place having a banking, 
 or saving institutions. He must pay $25.00 to the State Treasurer, before he can 
 receive his commission. His duties are to protest notes, bills of exchange, 
 administers oaths, takes depositions and affidavits, takes proofs and acknow- 
 
58 
 
 ledgements of instruments which are intended to be recorded. He places his 
 seal upon all his acts which gives authenticity to them, which is recognized all 
 the world over. 
 
 County Commissioners. — There are three County Commissioners elect- 
 e 1 for three years, they correct the assessment or valuation of taxable property, 
 fix the rate of the county tax. They pay the county bills by orders drawn on the 
 county treasurer, erect the county buildings, as well as the larger bridges. They 
 are paid I3.50 per day actual time spent in the discharge of the duties of their 
 office. No person can vote for more than two commissioners so as to allow the 
 minority party to elect one commissioner. 
 
 County Treasurer. — He is elected for three years, and cannot be re- 
 elected to succeed himself, he receives the state and county taxes, pays the 
 former to the State Treasurer, the latter he uses to pay such bills as are approved 
 by the commissioners. He receives a certain percentage on all the money paid 
 out of the treasury, which is fixed bj^ the commissioners and approved by the 
 auditors. He also receives a percentage on all the state tax that pass through 
 his hands, as well as on special taxes that may come into his hands. He gives 
 a heavy bond for the faithful performance of his duties. 
 
 Sheriff. — He is elected for three years and is the county's chief ex- 
 ecutive officer, he serves writs and summons of the court, suppresses serious dis- 
 turbances and protect property, he sells property for debit of the owner, when 
 execution has been ordered bj' the court. He makes arrests and has charge of 
 the criminals during their trials and delivers them to the jails or penitentiary, in 
 the smaller counties is the jailer, and with the jury commissioners he draws the 
 juries and summons those whose names have been drawn. He gives notices of 
 the elections by advertisements in the newspapers or hand bills. His salary is 
 fixed by law and are paid in fees, he gives bonds for the faithful performance of 
 his duties, he cannot be re-elected to succeed himself. 
 
 Prothonotary. — He is elected for three years and is clerk of the court 
 of Common Pleas, he makes up and keeps records of the court, issues its writs 
 and summons and calls up the jurors and administers the oaths to the witnesses. 
 He enters in books the judgments, mechanics liens and keeps a record of the 
 state and national elections returns. His salary is paid in fees fixed by law. 
 
 Ci.ERK of Qu.\RTER Sessions. — He is elected for three years and keeps 
 a record of this court, calls up jurors and administer the oaths to witnesses, he 
 has charge of laying out of roads, the granting of liquor licenses and keeps a 
 record of all township, borough and city elections held in the county. His salary 
 is paid by fees fixed by law. 
 
 Ci.KRK OF Orphan's Court.— He is elected for three years and keeps a 
 record of the Orphan's court. His salary is paid by fees. 
 
 Register of Wii^ls. — He is elected for three years, probates the wills 
 left by citizens of the county at their death, he issues to the executors letters 
 testamentary, and if no executor or executors have been appointed bj' the will, 
 appoints administrators, issues to them letters of administration, copies the wills 
 in liooks and keeps the wills safely themselves. He gives a bond for the faith- 
 ful performance of his duties, he is paid by fees. 
 
 Recorder of Deeds — He is elected for three years, records all deeds 
 and mortgages, and his salary is paid by fees. 
 
59 
 
 CoRONKR. — He is elected for three years, inquires into the cause and 
 manner of death of any person who is slain, or is accidentally killed or dies 
 suddenly, by summoning a jury of six men, if the jury finds any one guilty of 
 homicide, it is the duty of the coroner's jury to commit him to jail. The Coroner 
 performs the duties of the sheriff in case of the latter's death or removal from 
 oflSce, until a new sheriff is appointed. His salary is paid by fees. 
 
 District Attorney. — He is elected for three years and is public prose- 
 cutor, conducts the trials of persons charged with committing crimes. He must 
 be a lawyer and is paid by fees by the county. 
 
 County Surveyor. — He is elected for three j-ears and is official county 
 surveyor. 
 
 Jury Commissioners. — There are two Jury commissioners elected for 
 three years, a person can vote only for one candidate so that each party is repre- 
 sented. They with the sheriff draw the jurors from the list of persons selected 
 by the jury commissioners and the judge. They receive 1^2.50 for each day spent 
 in the discharge of their duties. 
 
 Directors of the Poor. — They are elected for three years and have 
 overseer of the poor and the management of the Alms or Poor house. Their 
 salary is |ioo per year. 
 
 Mercantile Appr.\iser. — He is appointed by the county con:missioners 
 for one year, he makes estimates on the amount of business done by the dealers 
 in the county, upon which a state tax is paid. He receives 75 cents for visiting 
 each place of business. 
 
 County Auditors. — They are elected for three years and one can vote 
 for only two of them .so as to give minority party a member too, they have the 
 disbursnient of the public fund. They see that the taxes and other duties are 
 collected and accounted for. Their salary is $3.00 for each day they spend in the 
 discharge of their duties. 
 
 Prison Inspectors. — They are appointed by the court and the county 
 commissioners for one year, they have charge of the prison affairs. They receive 
 a small salary. 
 
 County Superintendent of Schools. — He is elected by the school 
 directors of the county for three years, he has charge of the schools of the county, 
 he holds teachers exminations and grants a provisional certificate to those that 
 successfully pass the examination which is good for one year only, he also grants 
 a professional certificate to those that have acquired skill in the art of teaching, 
 good during his term of office for three years and can, be renewed without 
 examination by him, and is good for one year under his successor. He holds the 
 annual county Teachers Institute and local institutes, collects and trantmits the 
 reports and statistic of the schools to the Department of Public Instruction. 
 Salary, 11500. 
 
 Township assessor. He is elected for three years and makes an assess- 
 Offir<»r^ ment of the real estate and other property in the township, 
 
 and reports the same to the county Commissioners, upon 
 which all taxes are laid, prepares each year a list of all the voters of the town- 
 ship, a copy of which he nmst place on the door of the building where the elect- 
 ions are held. His salary is 12.00 per day for actual work done. 
 
6o 
 
 Supervisors. — They are elected for one year except where otherwise 
 the law directs, their duties are making and repairing the roads and bridges 
 of the township. They fix and collect a road tax to pay the expenses of the 
 same, they represent the township in its corporate body in all things except 
 school matters. They receive from $i to $2 per day for the time spent in work 
 and 5 per cent for collecting the road tax. 
 
 School Directors. — Every year two school directors are chosen who 
 serve for 3 years, making 6 directors in all, their diaties are to provide school 
 facilities for all the children of school age in the township between the age of 6 
 and 21 years, they build and care for the schoolhouses and grounds, employ the 
 teachers, fix their salaries and the length of school term at not less than 7 months, 
 adopt the books that are to be used and make rules for the goverment of the 
 schools and supervise their work. They determine the school tax to be levied 
 for school purposes, have the right to borrow money for erecting school buildings 
 or purchasing grounds, they receive no pay for their services. 
 
 __ Tax Collector. — He is elected every year and collects the state and 
 
 county tax, his commission is from 2 to 5 per cent on all the money collected. 
 
 Town Clerk. — He is elected for one year and serves as clerk to the 
 supervisors, keeps the township record and the record of stray animals. This 
 officer has few if any duties to perform and is not deemed of much importance. 
 
 Auditors. — One Auditor is elected every year to serve for three years, 
 the three Auditors meet once a jear and audit the accounts of the township 
 officers, which they post in written or printed handbills, detailing the receipts 
 and expenditures of the township officers in different parts of the township, they 
 receive 12.00 a day for each day of actual duty. 
 
 Justice of the Pe.\CE. — Each township elects two Justices of the 
 Peace for terms of 5 yrs., commissioned by the governor, has jurisdiction any- 
 where within the county, issues warrants of arrest and for minor offices inflicts 
 punishment by fine, rarely by imprisonment, generally he sends the case to 
 court. For light crimes he may release the prisoner on bail until court, if he 
 cannot get bail, he must await trial in jail, for grave crimes the justice must send 
 the accused to jail, when he can only be released by the Judge through a writ of 
 habeas corpus, suits for debts not exceeding f30c.oo may be brought before a 
 justice of the peace and where his decision involves not more than I5.33 it is 
 final, if more it can be appealed to court. Administers oaths or affirmations, 
 acknowledges deeds and other papers, issues search warrants, authorized to per- 
 form the marriage ceremony, his pay is from fees paid by the parties interested 
 and are fixed by law. 
 
 Constable. — He is elected for three years, preserves the peace of the 
 township, makes arrests upon warrants issued by the justice of the peace, takes 
 persons to jail if committed by the justice, serves subpoenas upon witnesses, and 
 summons in civil suits. He makes searches of suspected premises for stolen 
 goods, seizes and sells debtors property upon the justice's execution. He gives 
 official notice by posters of township elections and four times a year is required 
 to attend the court of Quarter .<^essions and report violations of law of which he 
 has any knowledge. He is paid by fees which are fixed by law. 
 
 Township Treasurer. — He is elected for one year and has charge of 
 the funds of the township and gives bail for the performance of his duties. 
 
6i 
 
 U ,, CniRF P' RGESS. — He is the executive officer of the borough, 
 
 OOrOUgn Yie enforces the ordinances of the Council, preserves the order 
 
 Officers and the peace of the borough. He may punish offenders by 
 
 fit-f and short imprisonment, term is 3 years and is elected by 
 
 the people of the borough. 
 
 Council. — They are elected for three years, one third going of office 
 every year, they have control of the streets and sidewalks, of the nuisances, pro- 
 vide for the lighting of the streets, water' for general use, for protection from 
 fires, lays taxes for paying the borough expenses, may borrow money for borough 
 improvements The other officers are the school directors, constable, treasurer, 
 supervisor, auditors whose duties are the same as those of the township. 
 
 Mayor. — The executive officer of a city is the Mayor, his 
 City duties are executive and judicial. The other officers the 
 
 Officers Aldermen, controller, assessors, collector of taxes, street 
 
 commissioner, treasurer, solicitor, health officer, police, audi- 
 tors, superintendent of schools, sometimes other officers. A city is divided into 
 wards of convenient size and the officers are similar to those of the township. 
 The laws are called ordinances and are enacted by the select and common 
 councils and signed by the mayor or if he has any objections to the same, he 
 vetoes them. A city has a charter under which it operates. 
 
 The early justices of peace, prior to 1804 were the fol- 
 EZd^rly Justices lowing : Andrew Buchman, District of Heidelberg and 
 of the Peace Lowhill, townships, 1784. Frederick Laubach, District 
 
 of Upper Milford township, 1784. Peter Rhoads, Dis- 
 of Northampton and Salisbury townships, 1784. George Breinig, District of 
 Macungie and Weisenberg townships, 1786. Jacob Horner, District of Heidel- 
 berg and Lowhill townships, 1787. Ludwig Stabler, District' of Upper Milford 
 township, 1788. Peter Kohler, District of Whitehall township, 1791. James 
 Gill, District of Upper Milford township, 1791. Nicholas Sieger, District of 
 Whitehall township, 1794. Abraham Buchman, District of Heidelberg and Low- 
 hill townships, 1794. John Shinier, District of Upper Milford township, 1795. 
 Henry Kooker, District of Upper Saucon township, 1795. Charles Deschler, 
 District of Salisbury township, 1797. Henry Jarrett, District of Macungie and 
 Weisenberg townships, 1798. Leonard Nagel, District of Salisbury township, 
 1798. John Van Buskirk, District of Macungie and Weisenberg townships, 1799. 
 Conrad Wetzel, District of Upper Milford township, 1799. Henry Haas, District 
 of Heidelberg and Lowhill townships, 1801. David Owen, John Cooking, of 
 Upper Saucon and Lewis Merkel of Macungie, were draw as members of the first 
 Grand Jury, after the formation of Northampton County, October 3, 1752. 
 Members to the Provincial Congress from Northampton JCounty, (embracing at 
 that time Lehigh and Carbon Counties,) in 1775 were George Taylor, John Oak- 
 ley, Peter Kichlein and Jacob Arndt. Ambrose Stabler, District of Upper Mil- 
 ford and Upper Saucon townships, 1802. 
 
 That part which comprise of what is now Lehigh county was re-divided 
 into new districts in 1804 and were numbered and called as follows: District 
 number 4, comprising Nazareth, Bethlehem and Hanover and the justices were 
 from 1804 to 1809, Adam Daniel, George Brader and Jacob Sweisshaupt and from 
 1809 to 1S12 was Mathias Gross. District number 7, comprised Salisbury and 
 Whitehall townships, the justice frcm 180410 1812, was George Yundt. District 
 
62 
 
 number 8, comprised Macungie and Upper Milford townships and the justices 
 from 1804 to 1808, were John Schuler, Anthony Stahler and Jeremiah Trexler 
 and from 1808 to 181 2, Jacob Klen. District number 10, comprised Heidelberg 
 and Lowhill townships and the justice from 1804 to 1812, was William Fenster- 
 macher, District number II, the justices from 1804 to 1812, were Daniel Sseger 
 and John Weiss and comprised Lynn and Weisenberg townships. 
 
 The County was divided again in 1812 into new districts as follows : ist 
 district, comprising Northampton, Salisbury and Whitehall townships and the 
 justices were Leonard Nagel, Peter Gross, Nicholas Sieger, Charles Deschler, 
 1812 Jacob Diehl and Anthony Murich 1813, 2nd district, comprising Hanover 
 township, the justice was C. F. Beitel, 1812. 3rd district, composed of the town- 
 ships of Heidelberg and Lowhill, the justice was Conrad German, 1812. 4th dis- 
 district, composed of Macungie and Upper Milford townships and the justices 
 were John Fogel, 1812 and Lorentz Stahler, 1813. 5th district, composed of Lynn 
 and Weisenberg townships, the justice was Peter Hass, 1814. 6th district, com- 
 posed Macungie and Lowhill townships, the justise w^as Henry Haas, 1814. 
 
63 
 
 ARTICLE XII. 
 
 CIVIL LIST. 
 
 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS FROM LEHIGH COUNTY. 
 
 *^The figures at the end of each name represent in which congress he served : for example, 
 Joseph Krey, 1827-1831. 20 and 21 mean that he was a member of the 20th and 21st Congress. 
 
 Joseph Frey, 1827-1831. 20 and 21 
 
 Henry King, 1831-1835. 22 " 23 
 
 Peter Newhard, 1839-1843. 26 " 27 
 
 Jacob Erdman, 1845-1847. 29 
 
 *John Hornbeck, 1847 — 30 
 
 tSamuel Bridges, 1847-1S49. 30 
 
 1853-1855. 33 
 
 1877-1S79. 35 
 
 H. C. Longecker, 1859-1861. 36 
 
 *Thomas B. Cooper, 1861 37 
 
 JJohn D. Stiles, 1862-1865 37 and 38 
 
 " " " 1867-1871 41 
 
 James S. Biery, 1873-1875 43 
 
 Wm. H. Sowden, 1885-1889 49 " 50 
 
 C. J. Erdman, 1893-1897 53 " 54 
 *Died in office. 
 
 tSucceeded the Hon. John Hornbeck, dec'd. 
 I.Succeeded the Hon. Thos. B. Cooper, dec'd. 
 
 STATE SENATORS FROM LEHIGH COUNTY SINCE 1812 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 
 
 ♦arMembers under the fir.st constitution, lycjo, were elected for 2 years, under the constitution 
 of 1S38 for 3 years and under the constitution of 1874 for 4 years. 
 
 Henry Jarrett, 1813-1815 i term 2 yrs 
 
 Joseph Frey, 1817-1821 2 " 4 
 
 Henry King, 1825-1S29 2 " 4 
 
 \V. C. Livingstone, 1831-3 i " 2 
 
 John S. Gibbons, 1840-43 i " 3 
 
 Jacob D. Boas, 1846-1849 i " 3 
 
 William Frey, 1852-1855 i " 3 
 
 Jacob Schindel, 1858-1861 i term 3 yrs 
 Geo. B. Schall, 1864-1867 i " 3 
 Edvv. Albright, 1870-1876 2 " 6 
 Evan Holben, 1876-1882 2 " 6 
 M. C. Hem inger. 1882-94 3 " 12 
 Harry G. Stiles, 1894-1902 2 " 8 
 
 MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE FROM 1813 TO 1901. 
 
 .^^Under the Constitution of ijcx) and 1838, the members were elected annually and under the 
 Constitution of 1874 for two years. 
 
 Abraham Rinker, 1813^1817 4 years. 
 
 Philip Wint, 1813-1813 4 
 
 Peter Newhard, 1817-1819 2 
 
 Wm. Fenstermacher, 1817-22 5 
 
 John J. Knauss, 1820-1822 2 
 
 Geo. Eisenhard, 1823 i 
 
 Samuel Mayer, 1824 i 
 
 Peter Newhard, 1824-26-29 3 
 
 Jacob Dillinger, 1826-1828 2 
 
 Geo. Miller, 1816-1828 2 
 
 W. C. Livingstone, 1829 i 
 
 Daniel Edgar, 
 Peter Knepley, 
 Chri.stian Pret?, 
 John Weida, 
 Jesse Grim, 
 Jacob Erdman, 
 Alexander Miller, 
 William Stahr, 
 
 1830 
 1830-31-33 
 
 1 83 1 
 1S32-1833 
 
 1834 
 1834-36-37'" 
 
 1835 
 1S35 
 
 Geo. Frederick, 1S36-1842 
 Martin Ritter, 1837-38-39 
 Benjamin Fogel, 1S39-40-41 
 
64 
 
 Peter Haas, 1840-41 
 Geo. S. Eisenhard, 1842 
 Reuben Strauss, 1843-44-45 
 M. Jarrett, 1843 
 Jesse Samuels, 1845 
 David Ivaury, 1846-50-51-52-53 5 
 Peter Ba-uman, 1846-1847 
 Samuel Marx, 1847-48-49 
 Robert Klotz, 1848-1849 
 James S. Reese, 1854-1855 
 Joshua Frey, 1854-1855' 
 Herman Rupp, 1856-1857 
 Tilghman Good, 1858-1860 
 Samuel Balliett, 1858-1860 
 Samuel J. Kistler, 1850-61 
 W. C. Lichtenwalner, 1860-1 
 Samuel Camp, 1 862-1 863 
 Nelson Weiser, 1863-1864 
 1865 
 James F. Kline, 1863-1864 
 1865 
 John H. Fogel, 1866- 1867 
 I 868- I 874 
 Daniel Creitz, 1867- 1868 
 1869 
 Adam Woolever, 1 869-1 870 
 1871 
 Herman Fetter. 1870-1871 
 
 2 years. 
 
 *Boas Hausman, 1872 
 
 1 year, 
 
 I 
 
 Robert Steckel, 1872-1873 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 James Kimmett, 1873-1874 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 George F. Gross, 1874- 1876 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 F. B. Heller, 1876-1878 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 Ernest Nagel, 1876-1878 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Charles Foster, 1S79-1880 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Patrick Boyle, 1880-1882 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Amandas Sieger, 1880- 1882 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 W. B. Erdman, 1880-1882 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Hugh Crilly, 1884-1888 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 M. B. Harwick, 1884-1888 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 M. R. Schaffer, 1884-1888 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 D. D. Roper, 1887- 1888- 1890 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 Jeremiah Roth, 1886-1892 
 
 
 2 
 
 1898-1900 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 H. C. Wagner, 1888-1890 
 
 4 
 
 
 M. N, Bernhard, 1890-1894 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 Alvin Kern, 1894-1S96 
 
 4 
 
 
 John H. Pascoe, 1892-1893 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Joseph C. Rupp, 1S92-1896 
 
 4 
 
 
 M, J. Lennon, 1890-1894 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 Perry Wannenniacher, 1894 
 
 
 
 1895 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 M. J. Kramlich, 1896- 1898 
 
 4 
 
 
 Jonas Moyer, 1898-1900 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 Joseph W. Ma)-ne, 1900 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 *Died in Office. 
 
 
 JUDGES FROM 1812 TO 1901. 
 
 Robert Porter, 1812-1831 22 years. 
 
 Garrick Mallory, 1831-1836 5 
 John Banks, 1836-1847 11 
 
 J. Pringle Jones, 1847-1851 4 
 Washington McCarty, 1851-56 5 
 Henry D. Maxwell, 1856-57 i 
 
 John K. Findly, 1857-1862 
 John W. Maynard, 1861-1867 
 J. Pringle Jones, 1867-1868 
 A. B. Longaker, 1868-1878 
 Edward Harvey, 1878-79 
 Edwin Albright, 1879 — 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 ASSOCIATE JUDGES FROM 1812 TO 1874. 
 
 John Fogel, 1815-1823 
 Jacob Stein, 1823-1838 
 John F. Rufe, 1838-1839 
 Joseph Sijeger, 1839- 1840 
 Peter Hass, 1840-1843 
 
 1848-1849, 1851-1852 
 James Frey, 1866-71 
 1861-64 
 Jacob Erdman, 1866-68 
 
 8 years. 
 
 Jacob Dillinger, 1843-48 
 
 
 16 
 
 1852-1855 
 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 John F. Rufe, 1849-51 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 Charles Keck, 1855-56 
 
 1 
 
 
 Willoughby Fogel, 1856-66 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 Joshua Stabler, 1856-66 
 
 10 
 
 
 Reuben Guth, 1866-1867 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 S. J. Kistler, 1868-1871 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 David Ldury, 1868-76 
 
 8 
 
 ;9®"The office of Associate Judges was abolished by the Constitution of 1874. 
 
65 
 
 COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS OFPUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 1-rom 1S54 to 1901. Term, 3 years. 
 
 Charles W. Cooper, IS54-55 i yrs. Jacob Ross, 1S62-63 
 
 Tilghinan Good, 1855-57 2 E. J. Young, 1S63-72 
 
 H. H. vSchwartz, 1S57-60 3 JO. Knauss, 1872-93 
 
 Tilghinan Good, 1860-62 2 Alvin Rupp, 1893— 
 
 I yrs. 
 
 9 
 21 
 
 *«-Salary 1854 to 63, I500, 63 to 66, $Soo, 66 to 69, $1000, 69 to 93, $1300 and 93 to 1902, S1500 per year. 
 
 1902 to — $1800. 
 
 CITY SUPERINTENDENTS, SCHOOLS OF ALLENTOWN. 
 
 From iS68to 1901. Term, 3 years. 
 
 R. K. Buehrle, 1S68-78 10 yrs. L,. B. Landis, 1881-93 
 George Desh, 1878-81 3 F, D. Raub, 1893 
 
 12 yrs. 
 
 ■If,; -Salary 1868, $900. From 1893 to — 11500. 
 
 COUNTY OFFICERS 
 
 SHERIFF. 
 
 From 18 1 2 to 1902. Term 3 years. 
 Tlie Sheriffs were appointed until 1S39, when the office became elective. 
 
 Peter Hauck 
 George Klotz 
 Anthony Musick 
 Charles L. Hutter 
 * Abraham Rinker 
 Daniel Merlz 
 Jacob Hagenbuch 
 Jonathan D. Meeker 
 George Wetherholt 
 
 David Stein 
 Charles Ihrie 
 Joseph F. Newhard 
 Nathan Weiler 
 Henry Smith 
 Charles B. Haines 
 Herman M. Fetter 
 Jacob Holben 
 John P. Miller 
 
 * Served two terms. 
 
 Owen W. Faust 
 Edwin Zimmerman 
 Thomas B. Morgan 
 George Dower 
 Charles B. Maberry 
 I'rank Rabenold 
 Frank Bower 
 Frank C. H. Schwoyer 
 Wayne Bitting 
 J. B. Waidlich 
 
 PROTHONOTARIES 
 
 From 1S12 to 1902. Term 3 years. 
 
 John Mulhollen 
 Henry Wilson 
 Christian Beitel 
 Charles L. Hutter 
 Daniel Kreamer 
 E. W. Hutter 
 Charles Craig 
 Jacob Dillinger 
 
 Jesse Samuels 
 Daniel Mertz 
 Nathan Miller 
 Francis E. Samuels 
 James Lackey 
 Isaiah Rehrig 
 Jacob S. Dillinger 
 Henry Savior 
 
 Henry Wagner 
 Tilghnian D. Frey 
 James Hausman 
 Edwin Stein 
 Rufus E. Erdman 
 William H. Snyder 
 John F. Stine 
 
66 
 
 Leonard Nagel 
 George Marx 
 James Hall 
 John Wilson 
 William Boas 
 A. Gangewere 
 George Stein 
 Nathan German 
 
 Leonard Nagel 
 George Marx 
 James Hall 
 John Wilson 
 William Boas 
 Samuel Marx 
 Tilghman Good 
 
 RECORDER OF DEEDS- 
 
 From 1 812 to 1902. Term 3 years. 
 
 Charles Gross 
 Benjamin Krauss 
 George S. Gross 
 Joseph Sseger 
 Jonathan Trexler 
 Silas Camp 
 John F. Seiberling 
 Edwin Breder 
 
 REGISTER OF WILLS. 
 
 From 1812 to 1902. Term 3 years. 
 
 Edward Beck 
 Joshua Stahler 
 Samuel Colver 
 Jacob Slemmer 
 S. R. Engleman 
 E. R. Newhard 
 Henry German 
 
 Dallas Dillinger 
 
 Joseph Rupp 
 
 Henry J. Gackenbach 
 
 Morris Stephens 
 
 E. R. Benner 
 
 W. Mattias Ritter 
 
 George E. Knerr 
 
 E. B. Horlacher 
 Tilghman F. Keck 
 Obadiah PeifFer 
 James B. Smith 
 Henry Heilman 
 Franklin Weaver 
 H. F. Longecker 
 
 CLERKS OF COURT OF QUARTER SESSIONS. 
 
 John Mulhollen 
 Henry Wilson 
 Christian F. Beitel 
 Fred Hyneman 
 Henry Jarrett 
 Jacob Dillinger 
 Henry W. Knipe 
 Charles S. Busch 
 
 From 1812 to 1902. Term, 3 years. 
 
 W. Selfridge 
 John D. Lawall 
 Nathan Metzer 
 James Mickley 
 Boas Hausman 
 George W. Hertzel 
 J. E. Zimmerman 
 A. L. Ruhe 
 
 Joseph Hunter 
 F. J. Newhard 
 John P. Goundie 
 James H. Crader 
 Allen W. Haines 
 Nathan E. Worman 
 E. Iv. Newhard 
 Francis Kreitz 
 Oscar P. Werlev 
 
 CLERKS OFORPHAN'S COURT. 
 
 John Muhlhollen 
 Henry Wilson 
 Christian F. Beitel 
 Fred. Hyneman 
 Henry Jarrett 
 Jacob Dillinger 
 Henry W. Knipe 
 Charles S. Busch 
 
 From i8i2to 1902. Term, 3 years 
 
 W. Selfridge 
 
 John D. Lawall 
 
 Nathan Metzgar 
 
 James Mickley 
 Boas Hausman 
 George W. Hertzell 
 J. E. Zimmerman 
 A. L. Ruhe 
 
 Francis Weiss 
 John Van Billiard 
 Henry W. Mohr 
 Charles B. Klein 
 W. R. Klein 
 L. S. Lenhart 
 Franklin Hartman 
 Martin Klingler 
 Albert O. Strauss 
 
 CORONERS. 
 
 From 1812 to 1902. Term, 3 years. 
 
 Peter Dorney Jacob Marx Ephraim Yohe 
 
 Peter Newhard Solomon Gangewere James Busch 
 
 Henry Weaver John Eisenhard William H. Romig 
 
 Daniel Mertz Charles Troxell Americus V. Mosser 
 
67 
 
 Andrew Knauss 
 Benjamin Fogel 
 Jacob Schantz 
 Peter Miller 
 Daniel Klein 
 Charles Foster 
 
 John Erdman 
 Jacob Mayer 
 Joshua Stabler 
 Owen Saeger 
 Owen Faust 
 Edwin G. Martin 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 
 John Osman 
 Israel Troxell 
 Thomas F. Martin 
 W. S. Berlin 
 Howard Kramer 
 Alfred J. Yost 
 James Goheen 
 
 From 1812 to 1902. Term, 3 years. 
 
 John Fogel 
 Charles L. Hutter 
 Henry Weaver 
 Jacob C. Newhard 
 Charles Steger 
 Abraham Gangewere 
 Michael Eberhard 
 John J. Krauss 
 George Haberacker 
 George Rhoads 
 Jacob D. Boas 
 William H. Blumer 
 
 Tilghman H. Martin 
 Joshua House 
 Charles H. Martin 
 Ephraim Yohe 
 Aaron Troxell 
 Jacob Fisher 
 Thomas Steckel 
 William Reimer 
 Reuben Engelman 
 David Schaadt 
 J Franklin Reichard 
 Simon Moyer 
 
 Daniel Bittner 
 Peter Heller 
 Peter Hendricks 
 Charles Keck 
 John J. Trexler 
 George Kuhl 
 Tilghman Buskirk 
 Daniel Wannemaker 
 John J. Schaadt 
 John R. Gossler 
 James M. Sechler 
 Sylvester Hartman 
 
 SURVEYORS. 
 
 From 18 14 to 1902. Term, 3 years. 
 
 George Eisenhard 
 Andrew K. Witman 
 John Sherer 
 Francis Weiss 
 
 Jonas Haas 
 Willoughby Fogel 
 John Lawall 
 George Blank 
 
 Solomon Fogel 
 Jesse Samuels 
 Tobias Kessler 
 
 COMMISSIONERS 
 
 From 1812 to 1902. Term, 3 years. 
 
 Wm. Fenstermacher 
 
 Abraham Greisheimer 
 
 John Yeakel 
 
 Philip Kleckner 
 
 Jacob Newhard 
 
 Jacob Schaffer 
 
 John Yeakel 
 
 John Bill^g 
 
 John Spagenberg y^ 
 
 John Wannemaker 
 
 Abraham SchafTer 
 
 Solomon Gangewere 
 
 Peter ^larx 
 
 Conrad Knerr 
 
 John Bogert 
 
 John Rinker 
 
 John Greenewald 
 
 Joshua Frey 
 
 Henry Pares 
 
 Timothy Weiss 
 John Yost 
 Daniel Stabler 
 Peter Romig 
 Charles Foster 
 Samuel Camp 
 John Lichtenwalner 
 Benjamin Breinig 
 Samuel Knauss 
 Peter Kngelman 
 Daniel Hausnian 
 Joseph Miller 
 John Weljer 
 Samuel Sieger 
 John E^rdman 
 Gideon Marks 
 Levi Dornblaser 
 John Peter 
 Paul Balliett 
 
 Hiram Balliett 
 
 Jacob A. Leiby 
 
 Jesse Soliday 
 *Daniel Lauer 
 ^Alexander Singmaster 
 
 Alexander McKee 
 
 David L. Earner 
 
 Jonathan Barrall 
 
 Thomas Casey 
 
 George K. Carl 
 
 William F. Schmoyer 
 
 John Hottenstein 
 
 Charles F. Hart/.ell 
 
 W. B. Moyer 
 
 W. Stephen Knauss 
 
 Daniel Schmoyer 
 
 Daniel Weiser 
 
 John L. Scbreiber 
 
 Wayne Holben 
 
68 
 
 Jacob Ward 
 Casper Peters 
 Jacob Schwent 
 William Eckert 
 J. Smidt 
 
 Solomon Greisheimer 
 Martin Ritter 
 John Scherer 
 Jacob Derr 
 Henrj' Leh 
 Philip Pierson 
 
 George Xeimeyer 
 Daniel Bittner 
 William Gabel 
 Joseph Newhard 
 Reuben Banner 
 Jonas Hollenbach 
 Daniel Focbt 
 Thomas Jacoby 
 Henry Pearson 
 Stephen Kern 
 John Strauss 
 
 Cornelius Acker 
 Harrison Bortz 
 Phaon Diehl 
 James F. Jordan 
 Milton Kurtz 
 Stephen Xeunio\er 
 Richard Klotz 
 Edward B. NeflF 
 George F. Schlicher 
 William Brown 
 Joseph P. Snjder 
 
 CLERKS OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 From 1S13 to 1902. Term, 3 years 
 
 George Rhoads 
 John Knecht 
 George Rhoads 
 James Hall 
 
 Josiah Rhoads 
 Abraham Ziegenfuss 
 Jesse Line 
 Edward Beck 
 
 Godfrey Peters 
 Lewis M. Engelmau 
 Victor Earner 
 Henry C. Wagner 
 Henry W. Fusselman 
 
 AUDITORS. 
 
 From 1S13 to 1902. Term, 3 years. 
 
 George Eisenhard 
 John Spangenberg 4. 
 John Weiss 
 Henry Weber 
 George Eisenhard 
 J. Geiger 
 John Stein 
 John Wilson 
 Samuel Moyer . 
 James Hall 
 George Breinig 
 Jacob Dillinger 
 Andreas Schifferstein 
 John Marx 
 H. W. Kneiss 
 Peter Kneppen 
 Benjamin Fogel 
 H. \V. Kneiss 
 Jacob C. Kistler 
 Henry Guth Jr. 
 Joseph Frey Jr. 
 Daniel Fried 
 Jacob Moser 
 Charles C. Buroch 
 David Follweiler 
 John Ritter 
 
 George Miller 
 Benjamin Breinig 
 John D. Lawall 
 Nathan Miller 
 Charles Ritter 
 Nathan German 
 Herman Rupp 
 Paul Balliett 
 Charles L. Newhard 
 John H. Clifton 
 George Blank 
 Jonas Haas 
 Hiram Schwartz 
 Franklin J. Ritter 
 Eli J. Saeger 
 Samuel J. Kistler 
 John R. Schall 
 Daniel H. Creitz 
 Robert Yost 
 
 *W. J. Hoxworth 
 Charles Foster 
 Joel Steltler 
 Owen Schaadt 
 
 *George Blank 
 Daniel Clader 
 Abraham Zienfuss 
 
 ^Served two terms 
 
 Jacob Lichty 
 Wilson P. Reidy 
 Solomon F. Riipp 
 J. Wilson Wood 
 Franklin Harwick 
 Franklin D. Acker 
 Alvin Diefenderfer 
 Frank J. Peter 
 George N. Kramer 
 Jacob S. Renninger 
 Astor Saeger 
 Morris Schmidt 
 Henry Kelchner 
 Alexander J. Zellner 
 H. C. Kleckner 
 Clinton O. Fogel 
 Charles S. Shimer 
 Edwin Heilman 
 Frank Brinker 
 Milton Schantz 
 
 *Frank Faust 
 Charles H. KraniHch 
 Franklin L. Roth 
 
 *WilliamH. Knauss 
 Thomas P. Roth 
 Alexander Fatzinger 
 R. H. Heil 
 
69 
 
 DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. 
 
 From 1S46 to 1902. Term, 3 years. 
 
 R. E. Wright 
 C. M Ruiik 
 H. C. Longecker 
 John D. Stiles 
 William S. Marx 
 George B. Schall 
 Adam Woolever 
 
 Jesse Grim 
 M. D. Eberhard 
 John Blank 
 Henry Schantz 
 Jonas Brobst 
 Daniel Miller 
 Henry Diefenderfer 
 Hiram J. Schantz 
 Peter Roinig 
 Solomon Klein 
 Samuel Kberhard 
 John Maddern 
 John Bortz 
 Jesse Grim 
 
 Thomas Faust 
 Thomas B. Faust 
 
 Edwin Albright 
 Thomas B. Metzgar 
 William H. Sowden 
 C. J. Erdman 
 M. C. Henninger 
 Arthur Dewalt 
 J. M. Wright 
 
 POOR DIRECTORS. 
 
 From 1844 to 1902. 
 
 Benjamin Jarrett, 
 Leonard Meyer 
 Jacob Andreas 
 Perry Weaver 
 Charles Wenner 
 Jacob Andreas 
 Jacob SchafFer 
 Solomon Griesemer 
 Daniel B. Mohr 
 Henr\- Ritter 
 Reuben Henninger 
 John Erdman 
 Jonas Hartzell 
 Reuben Henninger 
 Silas G. Croll 
 
 STEWARDS. 
 
 William Dech 
 Thomas B. Faust 
 
 Marcus C. L. Kline 
 , Harry G. Stiles 
 James L. Schaadt 
 John L. Schwartz 
 Clinton A. Groman 
 E. J. Lichtenwalner 
 
 John Erdman 
 
 Jonas Hartzell 
 
 John Sieger 
 
 David Wisser 
 
 Jesse Marcks 
 John Sieger 
 Owen Schaadt 
 Willoughby S. Guth 
 John W. Schwartz 
 Samuel B. Engleman 
 William Deibert 
 Reubeu M. Roeder 
 Thomas F. Good 
 Elias Bittner 
 Erasamus Kern 
 
 Josiah Henninger 
 Moses Kern 
 S. A. J. Kern 
 
70 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 SOLDIERS. 
 
 Following is the list of soldiers who marched to the defence of our 
 country from the French and Indian War, 1754, down to the Spanish-American 
 War, 1898. They were all mustered in from Lehigh County : 
 
 (*) Killed in battle or died in the service. 
 
 French and Indian War, 1754.1763. 
 
 George Wolf, Capt. 
 Abraham Rinker, Lieut. 
 Philip Koogler 
 Peter Miller 
 Jacob Wolf 
 Simon Lagundaker 
 George Nicholas 
 David Deschler 
 
 25 men 
 
 Abraham Savitz 
 George Lauer 
 George S. Schneff 
 Michael Rothrock 
 Leonard Abel 
 Tobias Dittes 
 Lorentz Hauk 
 Simon Bremer 
 
 John M. Derr 
 Peter Roth 
 Frank Kieflfer 
 Jacob Mohr 
 Martin Frederick 
 John Schreck 
 Daniel Nunnemacher 
 Peter Schwab 
 Frederick Schachler 
 
 Revolutionary Wa.r, 1775-1783. 
 
 1st Company, 2nd Pennsylvania Battalion, Colonel Arthur St. Clair, Commardar. 
 
 Thomas Craig, Capt. 
 
 Rudolph Bumer, Capt. 
 
 Andrew Kachline, Lieut. 
 
 Isaac Dunn, ist Lieut. 
 
 John Craig, 2nd Lieut, 
 
 James Armstrong, 2d Lieut 
 
 Thomas Park 
 
 Abraham Dull 
 
 Robert Marshall 
 
 Peter Smith 
 
 Abraham Horn 
 
 Christian Shous 
 
 John Cary 
 
 John McMichael 
 
 John Minor 
 
 George Gangewere 
 
 Stephen Fuller 
 
 Peter Byle 
 
 Henry Powleson 
 
 Thomas Dobbs 
 Evan Evans 
 Daniel Foulk 
 Samuel Grimes 
 Leonard Haus 
 William Hirkie 
 Frederick Horn 
 George Huntsman 
 Nicholas Kautzman 
 
 George Kuhns 
 
 Leonard Labar 
 
 John Mann 
 
 Lawrence Mann 
 
 Conrad Menges 
 
 John Mock 
 
 Leonard Nagel 
 
 George Phass 
 
 Stephen Prang 
 
 Conrad Rusarch 
 
 Peter Fleek 
 Henry Freedley 
 Philip Groob 
 John Hindman 
 Ludwig Hoffman 
 John Hubler 
 Jost Martin 
 Charles King 
 Michael Kuhns 
 Melchior Labar 
 Christian Miller 
 Matthias Miller 
 David Minton 
 Robert Morey 
 Samuel Ney 
 Jacob Powells 
 Thomas Ramsay 
 Daniel Reyley 
 Abraham Rinker 
 
71 
 
 Robert Schearer 
 James Sweeney 
 Samuel Mann 
 John Acker 
 Anthony Assur 
 Jacob Byle 
 Peter Bowerman 
 John Boyer 
 Adam Branthuwer 
 Jacob Davenport 
 John Davis 
 
 91 men 
 
 John Arndt, Capt. 
 Peter Kichline, Lieut. 
 Robert Scott 
 Jacob Kichline 
 Daniel Lewis 
 John McFerren 
 Jacob \Vagner 
 Henry Wolf 
 Henry Fatzinger 
 Daniel Sehler 
 Benjamin Depui 
 Henry Unaugst 
 James Ferrill 
 George Essig 
 Valentine Yent 
 Jacob Miller 
 ^Andrew Heister 
 *Thomas Seybert 
 *Joseph Stout 
 *Martin Derr 
 *]Mettliias Steittinger 
 
 Philip Arndt 
 
 Elijah Crawford 
 
 Peter Richter 
 
 John Middagh 
 
 Robert Lyle 
 
 Samuel McCracken 
 
 Michael Kehler 
 
 Isaac Shoemaker 
 
 88 met 
 
 Total number of men 
 
 Jonathan Richard 
 Timothy Roger 
 Josiah Crane 
 Butler Crist 
 
 Alexander Cunningham 
 Peter Daily 
 John Darling 
 David Darling 
 *Evan Davis 
 Daniel Diehl 
 John Docker 
 
 Baxter's Battalion. 
 
 Christian Stout 
 
 Alexander Sylleman 
 
 Adam Yohe 
 
 Conrad Smith 
 
 John Kestler 
 
 James Symonton 
 
 Michael Kress 
 *Andrew Kiefer 
 
 *John DufFord 
 
 *Jacob Weidnecht 
 *George Frey 
 "^Henry Bush 
 
 Peter Bush 
 *Jeter Blyer 
 
 Peter Lehr 
 
 Peter Fress 
 ^Abraham Peter 
 *Laurence Erb 
 *Isaac Shimer 
 
 Henry Althouse 
 *Christian Rodt 
 *John Ross 
 *John Bush 
 *Paul Reiser 
 *Isaac Berlin 
 *Jacob Engler 
 *Joseph Keller 
 *Fred Wilhelm 
 *Adam Bortz 
 
 Thomas SchafTer 
 John Shearer 
 Peter Smith 
 Peter Standley 
 George Sterner 
 Robert Wilson 
 John Shannon 
 Philip Smith 
 David Stinson 
 James Thompson 
 Jacob Weiss 
 Felty Yeisley 
 
 *Frederick Wagner 
 *Henry Fretz 
 *Henry Straup 
 *Christian Harpel 
 *Henry Weidnecht 
 *Adani Weidknecht 
 *George Edinger 
 *Peter Kern 
 *Anthony Frutchy 
 *Philip Bosh 
 *Barnett Miller 
 *John Harpel 
 Joseph Martin 
 *John Arndt 
 *John Wolf 
 *James Hynshaw 
 *Jacob Andrews 
 *Conrad Bittenbender 
 *John Shuck 
 *Frederick Rieger 
 *Lewis Collins 
 *William Warra:d 
 *Henry Wolf, Sr. 
 *Samuel Correy 
 * Henry Bush, Jr. 
 Isaac Koon 
 *Joseph Minim 
 *Jacob Transfeeter 
 *Jacob Kreidler 
 *Jacob Chase 
 
 furnished during the Revolutionary War. 180 
 
 John Ruhe, Capt. 
 Jacob Blumer, Lieut 
 S. Fatzinger 
 
 Wa.r of 1812. 
 
 5th Company, 2nd Light Infantry. 
 
 Daniel Keiper 
 Barthold Balliett 
 Jacob Mohr 
 
 David Huber 
 William Keiper 
 George Mertz 
 
72 
 
 William Miller 
 William Dobbins 
 George Kauffman 
 Isaac Gangewere 
 John Mohr 
 Daniel Schwander 
 John Miller 
 Andrew Keiper 
 John Klotz 
 Charles A. Ruhe 
 George Haveracher 
 Peter Bier}- 
 Peter Keiper 
 Jacob Mickley 
 Henry Stattler 
 
 Henry Rbner 
 John Reap 
 John Wagner 
 J acob Houck 
 Charles L. Hutter 
 John Wilson 
 Benjamin Raser 
 John Stettler 
 Christian Seip 
 Peter Keichline 
 Leonard Nage) 
 William Weaver 
 John Weal 
 David Houck 
 Adam Gudeknecht 
 
 WMlliam Keiper 
 George Mertz 
 Matthias Schwenk 
 Jf cob Seip 
 John Good 
 Samuel Horn 
 Abraham Derr 
 Andrew Klotz 
 William Keichline 
 George Spinner 
 Jacob Gossler 
 Charles Weaver 
 Henr}- Gross 
 WMlliam Ginkinger 
 Henry Reichard 
 
 58 men 
 1st Company of Riflemen, Pennsylvania Militia 
 Abra. Gangwere, Capt. Charles Hauer 
 
 Daniel Moyer, Lieut, 
 Jacob Newhard, 2d " 
 Jacob Stein 
 John Dull 
 Daniel Ouier 
 Jacob Ouier 
 Joseph Long 
 Joseph Nagel 
 Daniel Ouear 
 Daniel C. Daniel 
 Jacob Schwenk 
 Daniel Keik 
 Joseph Keider 
 Solomon Brobst 
 Abraham Moyer 
 James Yundt 
 Benjamin Shoemaker 
 Daniel Hilman 
 James Kinkinger 
 Peter Hoff 
 Henry Brobst 
 Henry Amheiser 
 George Floats 
 George Kentz 
 Adam Keller 
 Pitkin Minor 
 Abraham Beidelman 
 Abraham Keiper 
 Daniel Bickel 
 Jacob Keiper 
 John Boyer 
 Joseph Rose 
 
 Peter Hoffman 
 Henry Hartman 
 George Fisher 
 Henry Good 
 Jacob Long 
 Matthias Eline 
 Peter Laudenschlager 
 George Henry 
 David Huberstine 
 Gottlieb Foght 
 Thomas Gangwere 
 Henr}' Acker 
 Jacob Shivry 
 William Shriver 
 Gabriel Woodring 
 John Flexer 
 James Hamor 
 John Miller 
 Jacob Frack 
 John Schantz 
 John Guishler 
 George Hill 
 Michael Freyman 
 Solomon Rownholl 
 Adam Highleager 
 Frederick Heller 
 Peter Minnich 
 Henry Rice 
 George Breder 
 Israel Troxell i 
 John Caldwell 
 Henry Fatzinger 
 
 John Diehl 
 John Besh 
 Michael Good 
 Jacob Reichenbach 
 Michael Druckenmiller 
 John Nerfer 
 Jacob Nagel 
 John Miller Jr. 
 Cornelius Reinbolt 
 William Schleifer 
 Frederick Rider 
 Peter Kuntz 
 Henry Rish 
 Henrj' Sn3-der 
 George Herner 
 Peter Seip 
 Peter Ebenrider 
 Jacob Koch 
 Jacob Erich 
 Elias Kiefer 
 Jacob Hower 
 Jonathan Ott 
 John Flower 
 Jacob Mushlitz 
 Michael Sentel 
 Philip Nagel 
 Conrad Well 
 Jacob Hillegas 
 Henry Schantz 
 George W^etzel 
 John Snyder 
 Michael Poe 
 George Lehr 
 
73 
 
 John Frain 
 Nicholas Moyer 
 Daniel Rhoads 
 George Litzenberger 
 Philip Kuntz 
 
 Conrad Rau 
 Abraham Luckenbach 
 Jacob Schantz 
 Jeremiah Heller 
 Solomon Good 
 
 John Ehrhard 
 Henry Hering 
 Henry Kemnierer 
 John Laudenschlager 
 George Besh 
 
 114 men 
 
 i8th Section of Riflemen. 
 
 Adam Hartzel 
 
 Peter Steinberger 
 
 Conrad Kerschner 
 
 Charles Dull 
 
 Solomon Kleckner 
 
 John Whiteman 
 
 Michael Shoudt 
 
 Henry Nunnemaker 
 
 David Keck 
 
 Michael Lehr 
 
 Adam Lehr 
 
 Adam Mensch 
 
 Andrew Hartzel 
 
 Jonathan Diefenderfer 
 
 Jacob Deily 
 
 Nathaniel Yost 
 
 Jacob Whiteman 
 
 George Moritz 
 
 Solomon Hartzell 
 
 Jacob Gordon 
 
 Adam Good 
 
 Peter Cook 65 men 
 
 Only partial list is given as the muster roll has not 
 
 Abraham Rinker, Capt. 
 Peter Knauss 
 Peter Lehr 
 Jacob Marck 
 John Strauss 
 John Shiffert 
 George Nunnemaker 
 Conrad Stahl 
 John Keck 
 Ferdinand Woodring 
 Henry Bower 
 Daniel Siegfried 
 Henry Hartzell 
 George IMayer 
 Adam Smith 
 Jacob Hartzell 
 John Reinbold 
 Solomon Lucas 
 George Strauss 
 Jacob Vohe 
 Christian Deily 
 Peter Moll 
 
 Light Horse Company, 
 been preserved. 
 
 Peter Ruch, Capt. Peter Troxell Michael Frack 
 
 William Boas, Lieut. Solomon Steckel John Swartz 
 
 Peter Good John Deichman Jacob Schreiber 
 
 James Seagus Peter Burkhalter Daniel Leisering 
 
 13 men Peter Leisering 
 
 Captain Dornblaser's Co. Not all the members of the company were from 
 Lehigh county, but from Northampton and Pike counties. 
 
 George Horlacher 
 Lewis Kunkel 
 Jacob Beidelman 
 Adam Hicker 
 Michael Lower 
 Henry Swander 
 Daniel Fetzer 
 George Schaffer 
 John Billig 
 Daniel Eschenbach 
 George Bortz 
 Frederick Newhard 
 Jacob Steinberger 
 Jonas Spangler 
 Adam Sherer 
 Jacob Bachman 
 John Rau 
 Peter Klotz 
 John Ealer 
 Peter Mensch 
 Henry Frantz 
 
 J. Dornblaser, Capt. 
 John V. Bush, Lieut 
 John Winters 
 David Smith 
 John Hartzell 
 Nicholas Teel 
 Samuel Stocker 
 Isaac Saylor 
 John Dietz 
 Peter Snyder 
 John Ostertack 
 
 George Nolf 
 Jacob Bunstein 
 Adam Young 
 George Willower 
 Joseph Winner 
 Leonard Kehler 
 Daniel Kehler 
 John Staufer 
 Jacob Gangwere 
 Lawrence Nye 
 Joseph Steiner 
 
 Jacob Place 
 Frederick Horeman 
 Sylvester Kincaid 
 Anthony Yanetter 
 Robert Impson 
 Isaac Steel 
 John Beard 
 John Lowman 
 John Stine 
 Philip Keeter 
 Henry Miller 
 
74 
 
 Joseph Shaffer 
 Samuel Hoffert 
 Conrad Walter 
 David Stocker 
 Abraham Miller 
 Freeman Price 
 J. Hutmacher 
 Christian Wineland 
 Jacob Stocker 
 Jeremiah R. Holman 
 Andrew Nye 
 Daniel Miller 
 George Hahn 
 Peter Schick 
 Frederick Greys 
 John Winner 
 Frederick Fenner 
 John W. Morrison 
 Jacob Hartzell 
 Henry Barrett 
 William Brady 
 Jonas Hockman 
 George Rape 
 John Ward 
 John Young 
 
 Peter Hahn 
 George Myer 
 Jacob Keyser 
 Jacob Swartwood 
 Philip Fisher 
 John Crawford 
 David Shepherd 
 David Evans 
 John Barr 
 Leonard Kester 
 Obed Morris 
 Adam Barr 
 William Bureau 
 Samuel Smell 
 John Grover 
 George Serfass 
 Jacob Christman 
 John Mack 
 George Miller 
 James Brewer 
 Jacob Merwine 
 George Rinker 
 Alexander McGammon 
 John Faulk 
 
 Cornelius Van Horn 
 Joseph Cooper 
 John Clark 
 Jacob Arndt 
 Conrad Ehrie 
 Henry Myer 
 Dewald Fisher 
 John Klinetrup 
 Thomas Pasty 
 John Schwenk 
 Christopher Smith 
 John Huston 
 Samuel Reese 
 Peter Strunk 
 Garret Coolbaugh 
 Barnet Bunnel 
 John Adams 
 Samuel Vandenmark 
 John Howe 
 William Vansickel 
 Levi Cortright 
 George Watson 
 
 107 men 
 
 Peter Jayne 
 Number of men furnished during the war of 181 2. 353. 
 
 During the Mexican War of 1845 ^nd 1848 not many volunteers went forth 
 from our county, because mostly of them came from the Southern States on ac- 
 count of their nearness to the seat of war. Among those that went from. Lehigh 
 county was Henry C. Longecker, who served as Lieutenant and Adjutant of his 
 Regiment under General Winfield Scott in his campaign from Vera Cruz to the 
 city of Mexico, taking part in all the battles leading to the capture of the city by 
 General Scott, Lieutenant Longecker, afterwards served as Colonel of the 9th 
 Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861 and 1S65 and acquitted himself with 
 gallantry and honor. 
 
 The Civil Wa.r of I86I to I865. 
 
 Allen Guards. Three months service, mustered in April iSth, 1861. 
 
 Thomas Yeager, Capt. 
 James Wilson, ist Lieut. 
 Joseph Wilt, 2d Lieut. 
 John E. Webster 
 Solomon Goble 
 Daniel Kramer 
 Charles Dietrich 
 Milton Dunlap 
 Gideon Frederick 
 William G. Frame 
 James Geidner 
 John Houck 
 
 Henry W. Derr 
 William Early 
 Nathan R. F^uller 
 Edwin Gross 
 George F. Henry 
 Nathan Hillegass 
 George Hoxworth 
 Edwin M. Hittte 
 William Kress 
 Martin W. Leisenring 
 Edwin H. Miller 
 Charles A. Peiffer 
 
 John F. Uhler 
 Allen Wetherhold 
 William Wagner 
 Benneville Weyandt 
 David Jacob 
 George W. Keiper 
 Franklin Leh 
 Henry McNulty 
 Jonathan W . Bieber 
 Ernest Rothmau 
 John Romig 
 Henry Storch 
 
75 
 
 Joseph Hettinger 
 
 . F. Wilt 
 William Wolf 
 Ignatz Cressor 
 Noruiau Cole 
 
 William Ruhe 
 George W . Rhoads 
 Samuel Schenck 
 Charles A. SchifFert 
 Lewis G. Seip 
 
 M. H. Sigman 
 Adolphus Scheidler 
 Ernville Scheidler 
 David Weiss 
 Joseph W^eiss 
 
 51 ine« 
 
 Company I, First Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 20th, 1861. 
 
 Mustered in April 
 
 William Gougler, Capt. 
 'E. P. Rhoads, ist Lieut. 
 Benjamin Roth, 2d Lieut. 
 Edwin G. Mensch 
 Noah Trumbore 
 Mahlon Frick 
 Charles Mertz 
 Augustus Ebert 
 James Albright 
 Wellington Blank 
 Anthony Behler 
 Nelson Christ 
 Tilghman Dennis 
 Perry Egge 
 Abeile Heelman 
 Henry Fried 
 Henry Trumbore 
 Daniel C. Miller 
 Julius Benkert 
 Tilghman Albright 
 Henry A. Blumer 
 Daniel Bechtel 
 David Bergenstock 
 William Desh 
 John Eichel 
 William Ginginger 
 
 William Gaumer 
 Jonas Heldt 
 Peter Huber 
 William Hilliard 
 Charles Haines 
 David Hardner 
 Thomas Keck 
 Solomon Kramer 
 William Kleckner 
 Henry Keiper 
 Thomas Laubach 
 Tilghman Miller 
 Henry Mohr 
 William J. Mover 
 John Nunnenmacher 
 Andrew Nagel 
 Peter Remmel 
 Tilghman Ritz 
 Edward Remmel 
 Richard Saeger 
 Charles Schwenk 
 James Stuber 
 Franklin Trexler 
 Walter Van Dyke 
 Abraham Worman 
 Franklin Wasser 
 Henry Wagner 
 
 Willoughby Gaumer 
 Oliver Hiskey 
 William P. Harris 
 Ellis Hammersley 
 Martin Hackman 
 Charles Hackman 
 Henry Haldeman 
 Lewis Kcchler 
 Franklin Keck 
 Melchior Konald 
 Alonzo Kuhns 
 Benjamin Kleckner 
 Zomes Leiser 
 Henry Miller 
 Charles Miller 
 James McCrystal 
 Daniel Nunnenma-ker 
 Jesse Ochs 
 Edwin Rehr 
 Lewis Rehr 
 James Seip 
 Christian Stahley 
 , Joseph Steele 
 Joseph Smith 
 Henrj' Trexler 
 George Wenner 
 
 81 men 
 
 Henry Guth 
 
 Company D, 9th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Mustered in April 
 ■24th, i86j. H. C. Longecker, Colonel; Wm. H. PL Hangen, Lieutenant Colonel. 
 
 G. D. Hand, Capt. 
 C. A. G. Keck, ist Lieut. 
 Enoch Phillips, 2d Lieut. 
 William Semmer 
 Morgan Richards 
 Richard Wilson 
 Granville Hangams 
 William Miller 
 Samuel Barrows 
 Hugh Clement 
 Richard Crogan 
 Henry Detweiler 
 Daniel Daniels 
 
 Benedict Fondran 
 John Grate 
 John Hopkins 
 James Elliot 
 Francis Henry 
 Robert Hammersley 
 Joseph Jones 
 John Kane 
 Edwin Keiser 
 Tilghman Leister 
 Peter Leister 
 William Meyers 
 Charles Michael 
 
 Cornelius McGee 
 Joshua McHose 
 John Patrick 
 William Paul 
 Wilson Rohn 
 Joshua Schwab 
 James R. Snyder 
 William Schlosser 
 Stephen Smith 
 David A. Tombler 
 Charles Vonland 
 Robert Williams 
 Abraham Wolf 
 
76 
 
 Henry Eckenberger 
 John Graham 
 William Hopkins 
 James Hughes 
 James Hetthenson 
 Jacob Hacker 
 Edward Kramsic 
 Lorentz Kick 
 William Keiser 
 Samuel Lockwood 
 Thomas Llewellyn 
 John Morrison 
 Lewis Mauley 
 
 Company G., 46th, Regiment Pennsylvania Vcrlanteers 
 17th, 1861 
 
 John McCloskey 
 John McHecker 
 Levi Stubler 
 Tilghman Miller 
 Charles Nolf, jr. 
 William Williams 
 Henry Stresser 
 Samuel Arthur 
 William Baumeister 
 Levi Craft 
 Michael Cooney 
 Isaac Davis 
 Evan Edwards 
 
 William Pauley 
 David Ruse 
 Augustus Ritter 
 William T. Snyder 
 William Sattenfuse 
 Samuel Smith 
 Henry Steinberger 
 James Vansyschell 
 Frank Wilson 
 William Werley 
 Francis Xander 
 James Young 
 
 89 men 
 
 Mustered in Aug. 
 
 Lewns Arnold, Capt. 
 
 W. R. Thomas, Lieut. 
 
 Joseph Matchette 
 
 Robert Wilson 
 
 Daniel Davis 
 
 Morgan Edwards 
 
 John Moore 
 
 Robert Williams 
 
 Hugh Lyons 
 
 Wallace Price 
 
 John Leo 
 *David Bachman 
 
 Alexander Donegle 
 *Andrew Sinly 
 *George Hasson 
 
 James McQuillen 
 
 Isaac Davis 
 
 Edward Cramsic 
 
 William McMonagle 
 
 John Patrick 
 John Davis 
 John H. Price 
 Daniel Desmond 
 John McQuillen 
 Daniel Dyer 
 *John Cannon 
 Philip Hill 
 John Kilpatrick 
 James McLaughlin 
 Patrick Reily 
 W. S. Thompson 
 Patrick Sullivan 
 Philip Gallagher 
 James Adams 
 Condy Patrick 
 Edward Mullen 
 H. W. Ehret 
 Jeremiah Keef 
 
 Solomon J. Rowe 
 William McGonegle 
 John Brown 
 William Pritchard 
 *David McCandless 
 *John A. Richards 
 *Frank Ward 
 John Blair 
 Thomas Mooney 
 James McCracken 
 John Reed 
 Samuel Zellner 
 John McFadden 
 Benjamin Beidelman 
 Thomas McMurtrie 
 Elias Beidelman 
 James McClellan 
 John McMurtrie 
 Edward Rogers 
 
 57 men 
 47th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Three years service. Mustered 
 in from August 17th to September 20th, 1861. Colonel, T. H. Good, Lieutenant 
 Colonels, J. P. S. Gobin and G. W. Alexander, C. W. Abott, Majors, Wm. Caus- 
 ler, Levi Stuber, J. W. Fuller, W. H. H. Hangen, James Van Dyke, Francis Z. 
 Heebner, W. H. Ginkinger. 
 
 Company B. 
 E. P. Rhoads, Capt. Ambrose Detrick 
 H. A. Halteman, Lieut. John Flemming 
 Allen Balliett, 2, " John Fries 
 William Kleckner *Edwin Fink 
 
 Thomas F. Sourwine William Geist 
 
 William Gangwere 
 W. H. Ginkinger 
 Allen L. Kramer 
 Levi Knerr 
 
 T. Bergenstock 
 Charles E. Miller 
 *Edwin G. Minnich 
 R. A. Hillard 
 
 Daniel E Hettle 
 John Horn 
 *Joseph Repsher 
 Joseph Housman 
 Alvin J. Hartzell 
 Peter H. Halteman 
 Peter Halteinan 
 nvilliam Hilliard 
 James A. Jackson 
 
77 
 
 *Allen Gaumer 
 John Houck 
 Franklin Fatzinger 
 Oliver Hiskey 
 Matthew R. Tuller 
 John Eisenhard 
 Charles H. Knauss 
 T. Reinsniith 
 Harrison Geiger 
 Allen J. Reinhard 
 Francis H. Strachley 
 John A. Darrohn 
 Thomas Miller 
 
 *Francis Xander 
 Henry Strominger 
 
 *Alfred Eisenbrown 
 G. Assenheimer 
 
 *John Apple 
 William Bieber 
 Jacob Bast 
 Frederick Bohlen 
 
 *Henry Beltz 
 H. Bergenstock 
 G. Chamberlain 
 Ephraim Clader 
 John Dingier 
 
 *Solomon Diehl 
 Perry Eggye 
 Peter Ferber 
 George Funk 
 Evan Geidner 
 John Graver 
 Charles Bachman 
 Henry Kramer 
 Daniel Gehrhard 
 Valentine F'isher 
 George J. Weiss 
 Henry Storch 
 Henry A. Schwartz 
 Lewis Seip 
 
 *Aaron Fink 
 Jesse Remmel 
 James Hamilton 
 Adam Garrett 
 John D. Albright 
 Cornelius Acker 
 
 *Jacob Apple 
 H. Bergenstock 
 Alexander Blumer 
 Lewis Brong 
 
 ^Josiah Braden 
 
 Howard King 
 *William Kern 
 Leander Labar 
 Josiah R. Lentz 
 John D. Lansteren 
 Samuel Lutz 
 George Mennig 
 Dennis Miller 
 Henry Miller 
 Luther Mennig 
 Philip Metzgar 
 *Conrad Meirknecht 
 George Nunnenmacher 
 Andrew Osman 
 Henry Pauley 
 *Edwin Pammer 
 George Reichard 
 Christian Reinhard 
 Allen P. Rhoads 
 Ernest Ruttman 
 *Nathan George 
 Franklin Hiskey 
 Thad. Heckworth 
 William Hillard 
 Francis Z. Hubner 
 Levenas Hedrick 
 George Jacob 
 *John Johnson 
 John King 
 Henry Knauss 
 Henry Kramer 
 Phaon Kein 
 Alonzo Labar 
 Martin Leisenring 
 James F. Liegen 
 James Lutz 
 Charles Labold 
 Albert Miller 
 Barnett Morgan 
 Levi Martin 
 Joseph Mentz 
 Charles A. Martin 
 John T. Nixon 
 Allen Newhard 
 Charles PfeifFer 
 Obediah PfeifFer 
 Tilghman Ritz 
 Peter Remmel 
 Edwin Remmel 
 George Rich 
 Samuel S. Rogers 
 
 John E. Shaflfet 
 Thomas James 
 Isaac N. Smith 
 Benjamin Smith 
 William Smiley 
 Casper Schreiner 
 Aaron Serfass 
 Charles Siegfried 
 William Stuber 
 *August C. Scherer 
 Charles Swenk 
 Joseph Smith 
 Charles Savitz 
 Allen Trexler 
 *James Tice 
 Oliver Van Billiard 
 Charles Wagnar 
 William J. Weiss 
 John Wieand 
 Abraham Wolf 
 Dallas Xander 
 Joseph Young 
 Henry Reinhard 
 Joseph Repshar 
 Haldeman Reymond 
 John Seislove 
 W. H. Smith 
 Barclay Smith 
 Franklin Smith 
 Charles Studley 
 Hiram Schaffer 
 Franklin Sieger 
 James Springer 
 Francis Stuber 
 *John Schimpf 
 George Smith 
 *Thomas Steffen 
 David Steflfen 
 Charles Trexler 
 Christian Ungerer 
 Martin Van Billard 
 5selson Wilhelm 
 Harrison Wieand 
 William Wieand 
 Benjamin Wieand 
 Franklin Young 
 Daniel Young 
 *Franklin Rhoads 
 George Shaneberger 
 George Deal 
 Joseph Danohn 
 
78 
 
 James Barry 
 Thomas Cope 
 
 J. D. Rabenold 
 Edwin Reichard 
 
 190 men 
 
 Company F, 47thRegiment. From Catasauqua. 
 
 Henry Hart. Capt. 
 Ed. Gilbert, 
 G. Fuller, ist Lieut. 
 Henry Bush, 2, " 
 T. F.Lambert, 2 " 
 Richard Schwab 
 John L. Jones 
 Albert McHoe 
 
 *David A, Frey 
 John Guth 
 Thomas B. Glick 
 *Addison R. Geho 
 *Joseph Gross 
 William Hollenbach 
 Joseph Hossler 
 Joseph Heckman 
 
 James Fuller, i, Lieut. Henry Hummel 
 
 Benjamin Bush 
 F. Longenhagen 
 Spencer Tettermer 
 Martin O'Brien 
 Walter Moyer 
 James E. Patterson 
 Joseph Schwab 
 Franklin Arnold 
 David Tombler 
 Peter Andreas 
 David A. Akroth 
 Henry Buss 
 Philip Bohner 
 Stephen Beers 
 Godfrey Betz 
 Alfred Biege 
 P. Bartholomew 
 Charles Buss 
 
 Joseph Hunsicker 
 L. Hultheiser 
 Edwin Haldeman 
 James Johnson 
 Abraham Jassum 
 Isaac C. Jacoby 
 Philip King 
 George Kline 
 William Kuntz 
 Owen Kern 
 John C. Collins 
 John Crotto 
 Michael Deibert 
 William Ebert 
 Joseph Ebertz 
 William Eisenhard 
 Martin C. Frey 
 Frederick Fisher 
 
 W. Bartholomew, LieutWilliam Fried 
 
 Augustus Eagle, 2 ' 
 James Tait 
 Joseph Lilly 
 John W. Heberling 
 William Glace 
 William Fink 
 Preston M. Rohn 
 Joseph AValk 
 Geo. Longenhagen 
 Robert Cunningham 
 James M. Bush 
 
 Amandas Fritz 
 Joseph Geiger 
 Preston Gettys 
 *Rainy Grader 
 Isaac Jacoby 
 William Jordan 
 Edwin Jassum 
 *William Jackson 
 George Kerchner 
 Reuben Klein 
 Nicholas Kuhns 
 
 Augustus F. Eberhard George King 
 
 W. Va« Dyke 
 James Ritter 
 Simon P. Kiefer 
 David Andrews 
 George Armsberg 
 Hiram Beidleman 
 William Barnhart 
 
 Charles King 
 J. K. Longenhagen 
 Peter S. Levan 
 John Lucky 
 Emery Lindster 
 James Lilly 
 Franklin Laubach 
 
 Thomas A. Smith 
 Gottleib Schrum 
 Llewellyn Sleppy 
 John G. Snyder 
 Jefferson Kepner 
 John Laub 
 J. Laudenschlager 
 Alfred Lynn 
 Tilghman Lehr 
 Lawrence McBride 
 Joseph Mersch 
 George Moll 
 Uriah Moyer 
 Philip McCue 
 John MerkofFer 
 Peter Moser 
 Albert Newhard 
 Michael O'Brien 
 Thomas B. Rhoads 
 Griff Reinhard 
 Aaron Roeder 
 Matthew Snj-der 
 David Schaffer > 
 Samuel Snyder 
 Francis Schaffer 
 Lucin Schroeder 
 John G. Seider 
 John Schreck 
 Robert M. Sheetz 
 Michael Smith 
 Peter Shireman 
 Fifenklin Siegfried 
 James Troxell 
 *Jacob Scholl 
 James A. Trexler 
 George Youss 
 Gilbert Whiteman 
 John P. Weaver 
 James M. White 
 *John Weiss 
 Ambrose Wfesner 
 Hiram Werkheiser 
 Conrad Warneck 
 Franklin Wilson 
 Adam Wuchter 
 John Whorley 
 Levi Werner 
 
79 
 
 Abraham Bauder 
 Faustin Boyer 
 *E. Bartholomew 
 Ernest Bender 
 William Clader 
 John Curran 
 William Christ 
 Frederick Coulter 
 Samuel Dankel 
 Frederick Engel 
 Augustus Engel 
 Henry Falk 
 George ^V. Frame 
 Orlando Fuller 
 Samuel Smith 
 
 Franklin Mensch 
 Sydney Miller 
 V. Minsenberger 
 Peter Moser 
 Joel Michael 
 Daniel Newhard 
 *John O'Brien 
 Edward Rensheimer 
 Francis Roth 
 Charles Rohrbacher 
 Edward Remaly 
 Matthew Smith 
 Joseph Savitz 
 Reuben Siegfried 
 
 William Moll 
 W. H. Moyer 
 William Offhouse 
 Henry Soltzman 
 *Harrison Lilly 
 *Charles Michael 
 William Reiser 
 Levi Getter 
 William Heberling 
 George Hatter 
 John F. Haldeman 
 Osborne Hauser 
 William Herman 
 William A. Hauser 
 
 184 men 
 
 Company G. 47th Regiment. 
 
 *C.Mickley, Capt. 
 *John Gciebel, " 
 
 T. B. Leisenring, Capt. 
 
 W. Steckle, ist Lieut. 
 
 C. A. Hackman, " 
 H. T. Dennis, 2d " 
 Jacob Worman 
 Daniel Mertz 
 JIartin Hackman 
 
 *James Crader 
 Benjamin F. Schwartz 
 Frederick Wilt 
 Constant Losch 
 W^illiam Hausler 
 Solomon Becker 
 Solomon Wieder 
 William N. Smith 
 Richard Arnbruin 
 William Ruskirk 
 Benjamin Bortz 
 G.IIuntzberger, i Lieut 
 Charles Henry, 2d " 
 James Crader 
 
 D. K. Diefenderfer 
 John Pratt 
 
 John G. Helfried 
 John Click 
 Harrison Guth 
 George Helpler 
 John Kneller 
 Nelson Coffin 
 R. M. Fornwald 
 Allen Wolf 
 James Guidner 
 
 Levinus Hillegass 
 Henry Hornbeck 
 *Philip Hower 
 Jacob Rollinger 
 George Butz 
 Hiram Brobst 
 David Buskirk 
 *Jacob Beidleman 
 Alfred Boynton 
 Edwin Crader 
 Charles Carter 
 Jacob Dlehl 
 Lewis Dennis 
 Alpheus Keck 
 Henry Daisor 
 William L. Eschbach 
 Milton A. Engelman 
 Francis Everett 
 Peter G. Fegely 
 William Frick 
 Ferdinand Fisher 
 Henry Gelter 
 Franklin T. Good 
 William Gupitill 
 William Geissinger 
 William Hertz 
 Ed. Hunsberger 
 ^Jonathan Heller 
 Cornelius Heist 
 Solomon Hillegass 
 Franklin Hoffert 
 *John Heil 
 *Jacob Ha}' 
 John E. Helfrich 
 
 Daniel T. Reiser 
 Allen P. Kemmerer 
 James Knerr 
 William Kramer 
 Benjamin S. Koons 
 Jacob Knappenberger 
 Isaac Haas 
 Emaniiel Loeffler 
 Benjamin G. Lucas 
 George Lehr 
 John Lynn 
 Nathan Miller 
 Hiram Mertz 
 William Mertz 
 John Meissenheimer 
 Edmund Miller 
 Franklin Moyer 
 Gideon Moyer 
 William INIercer 
 Benjamin F. Neur 
 *Franklin Gland 
 Aaron Peter 
 Francis Pfeiffer 
 Jonathan Reber 
 Israel Reinhard 
 Jonas Scherer 
 Francis Stuber 
 Reuben L. Selp 
 Daniel Scheetz 
 John Schimpf 
 Francis Schmetzer 
 Erwin Stabler 
 Walter C. Smith 
 Edmund G. Scholl 
 
8o 
 
 Daniel Anspach 
 Peter Bernd 
 Jacob Blank 
 Jeremiah Bernhard 
 John Brensinger 
 William L. Borger 
 John Barton 
 Joseph Barber 
 Jacob Bowman 
 
 *John Becker 
 Adam Bachman 
 Thomas K. Crader 
 John Curran 
 Timothy Deterline 
 Timothy Donahue 
 
 *Benjamin Diehl 
 Henry Doll 
 Charles Eckert 
 
 *William Eberhard 
 Mantes Eisenhart 
 Malari Faust 
 Joseph Fisher 
 William C. Frame 
 James Gaumer 
 Pi:eston B. Good 
 John Great 
 Henry C. Gracely 
 John Harte 
 Max Hallmeyer 
 George T. Henry 
 Hcfory Henn 
 
 Charles KaufFman 
 William Keck 
 Lewis Keiper 
 George Knauss 
 John Kremmill 
 *William Kennedy 
 *John Kuntz 
 D. Leibensperger 
 William Leiby 
 George W. Lightfoot 
 *Julius Lasker 
 Charles Moyer 
 Wellington Martin 
 Franklin C. Mertz 
 William Martin 
 Henry Meyer 
 Orlando Miller 
 Barney Montague 
 John R. Moody 
 Daniel Mead 
 James Noddins 
 Condy O'Donnell 
 Moses Peter 
 Henry Rice 
 George Reber 
 William C. Reirismith 
 J. W. H. Stronninger 
 Ambrose L. Schultz 
 Christian Smith 
 Charles Stem 
 Frederick L. Jacoby 
 
 *Henry Smith 
 Carl Shorp 
 W. H. Trumbower 
 Luther M . Tooney 
 John A. Ulig 
 Fred. Vaughn 
 Frederick Walter 
 Edward Wieand 
 George Wooten 
 ^^euben Wetzell 
 Peter Weller 
 George Xander 
 *William Young 
 Jacob Stangala 
 William Sieger 
 *Irwin Scheirer 
 *Christian Schlay 
 *Jeremiah Strahley 
 Florence Sly 
 Lewis Teichman 
 Nathan Troxell 
 Augustus Upman 
 *J. Vartin 
 Simon D. Wolf 
 Frederick Weisbach 
 *John E. Webster 
 Jeremiah Westcott 
 David Wieder 
 Joseph Young 
 Engelbert Zanger 
 *Heury Zeppenfelt 
 195 men 
 
 Company I. 47th Regiment. 
 
 A. Coleman, Capt. 
 Levi Stuber, " 
 Theo. Mink, " 
 James Stuber, 2d Lieut 
 William H. Moyer 
 Edwin Camp 
 Owen Kuder 
 Thomas Kerr 
 Isreal F. Hartzell 
 Charles Dankel 
 Alvin Hartzell 
 D. Nunnenmacher 
 Allen La wall, ist Lieut 
 W. Halteman, 2d, 
 Edwin Keiser 
 Thomas Burke 
 *Charles Nolf 
 
 Charles Kaucher 
 Solomon Krecho 
 *Elvin Knauss 
 Samuel Lutz 
 Peter Lynd 
 *David Lost 
 William Mensch 
 Charles Matskowsky 
 Oscar Miller 
 Sylvester McCabe 
 Leander Morrell 
 *Jeremiah Metz 
 William McLaughlin 
 Jacob Newhard 
 Jacob Feter 
 Cornelius Rowan 
 Joseph Rockell 
 
 William Bayne 
 Theodore Baker 
 J. Bondenchlager 
 *John Bartholomew 
 James B. Cole 
 John Clemmens 
 Edwin Dreisbach 
 John Dias 
 Samuel Dillingham 
 Conrad Eckhart 
 Joseph Freeman 
 William Fenstermacher 
 Israel Foy 
 Charles Gross 
 Alexander Great 
 George T. Gross 
 Allen P. Gilbert 
 
8i 
 
 Stephen Hettinger 
 Joseph Hettinger 
 Jefferson Kunkel 
 Henry Miller 
 T. W. Fritzinger 
 John W. Diehl 
 Joseph Kramer 
 *\Villiam Frack 
 Tilghman Desh 
 John Benkhart 
 Frank Allenspach 
 Theodore Anderson 
 John Bush 
 John Bullard 
 William Baker 
 William Baunieister 
 John Burns 
 Augustus Colvine 
 William Dreisbach 
 T. T. Drawback 
 Frederick Drester 
 *L. Druckenmiller 
 Peter Dopstadt 
 Walter P. Fetzer 
 Francis Farrall 
 *Owen Fetzer 
 John Gross 
 Henry Guthart 
 A. Genstenleiter 
 Samuel Guth 
 *Francis Gildner 
 Eli K. Hunsberger 
 Granville D. Hangen 
 Francis Daufer 
 Allen Knauss 
 Michael Fitzgibbons 
 Benjamin Huntzberger 
 Whippelt Benkhart 
 George Acher 
 William Burger 
 Thomas Ziegler 
 
 Solomon Gross 
 Charles Henry 
 Joseph Hawk 
 *William Ellis 
 *David C. Hawk 
 George Hartzell 
 Uriah Henry 
 Levi Kraft 
 Xavier Kraff 
 David F. Knerr 
 Charles Klotz 
 Ogden Lewis 
 John Lawall 
 Franklin LefBer 
 James Lutz 
 Harrison Miller 
 William Martin 
 Aaron McHose 
 Jesse Moyer 
 Philip Miller 
 John Mclntire 
 Nicholas McKeever 
 Samuel Moss 
 Alfred C. Pretz 
 George Rhoads 
 William Reed 
 *Williani Radeline 
 S. M. Rauvenbush 
 William Schwartz 
 Reuben Snyder 
 David Shaffer 
 Henry C. Suavely 
 Charles G. Sassaraan 
 William Smith 
 Stephen Schechterly 
 Frank Siegfried 
 Albert Hiller 
 W'illiam F. Henry 
 Daniel Kramer 
 Edwin Keiper 
 Frederick Ziegler 
 
 Company K. 47th Regiment. 
 
 *George Junkert, Capt. 
 Charles Abbott, 
 Matthew Miller, " 
 Fred. Beisel, ist Lieut. 
 Elias Benner, 2d " 
 John Bischoff 
 Samuel Reinert 
 Peter Reinsmith 
 
 James Robertson 
 Marcus Roth 
 Milton Stephens 
 Levi Stein 
 Jacob Seber 
 Henry D. Spinner 
 Frederick Scarbecker 
 Gottleib Schweitzer 
 Samuel Smith 
 Charles Smith 
 Francis Stick 
 Jonas Snyder 
 *Joseph Stevens 
 Isaiah Schlocter 
 Clinton Sage 
 Edwin F. Trickier 
 John Transue 
 Israel Troxell 
 Daniel Vansyckle 
 William Walter 
 Henry Weil 
 Henry Weiser 
 Samuel Wirebach 
 Lewis Warner 
 Nathan Xander 
 Peter Yeager 
 Henry Schlagir 
 Frederick Stephens 
 Peter Stockschlager 
 Levi Schoitt 
 Henry Trask 
 John Troxell 
 James Van Syckel 
 Eli Wieder 
 Harrison Weil 
 Gideon Weiser 
 William Whipky 
 Daniel Wannemaker 
 Francis Xander 
 Joseph Yonkert 
 
 172 men 
 
 Edwin Moyer 
 C. Weiderbach 
 William Hinkel 
 Nathan Handwerk 
 David H. Fetterolf 
 *A. Schmoyer, 2d Lieut. 
 George J . Scherer 
 Samuel Kumfer 
 
 *George Leonard 
 *Abraham Landis 
 Harrison Metzger 
 Lewis Miller 
 John Moser 
 Lewis Metzger 
 Paul Strauss 
 Daniel Strauss 
 
S2 
 
 Phaon Guth 
 William Landis 
 Conrad Volkanand 
 W. H. Berger 
 Manoah Carl 
 Edwin Person 
 John Saylor 
 Amos Sliitter 
 George Kruck 
 Martin Guth 
 William Guth 
 Daniel Fritz 
 Benjamin Amy 
 William Barr 
 Francis Boger 
 Henry A. Breinig 
 M. Bornscheier 
 Tilghman Boger 
 William Brecht 
 
 *William H. Berger 
 John Bower 
 Peter Cope 
 John Delp 
 E. Druckemiller 
 Daniel D. Dackratt 
 Philip W. Datzius 
 Werner Erbe 
 Charles Fisher 
 Paul Ferg 
 Rudolph Fisher 
 
 *Edward Frederick 
 John Gulty 
 Jesse Geesey 
 
 *Edwin Gross 
 Jacob F. Hertzog 
 William P. Heller 
 Edward Houser 
 John Hinderer 
 Lewis Benner 
 Joseph Frack 
 William Schubard 
 Valentine Amend 
 Charles Acker 
 Peter Berkemeyer 
 Charles Bower 
 *Paul Houser 
 *George Hoffman 
 George Kase 
 William Keiter 
 John Knerr 
 Frederick Knell 
 Jacob Kentzler 
 William Scherer 
 
 Joseph Bacbman 
 William Barber 
 Tilghman Breisch 
 *Lewis Berliner 
 William Carl 
 Francis Dankel 
 John Dottery 
 Alfred Diehl 
 *Lewis Dipple 
 William Eastman 
 William Fiey 
 John Fersch 
 Joseph Freas 
 Harrison Fegely 
 *Gottlieb Fiessle 
 Benedict Glichler 
 Lewis Warner 
 Nathan Xander 
 Peter Yeager 
 Henry J. Schagle 
 Lewis G. Seip 
 John G. Snyder 
 Levi Stahley 
 James Strauss 
 Evan Strauss 
 Andrew Snyder 
 John Schimf 
 William D. Schick 
 *Matthias Gerrett 
 Charles Grim 
 Charles Heiney 
 Harrison Handwerk 
 Henry Hantz 
 William A. Heckman 
 Josiah Siegler 
 Christopher Ulrich 
 John C. Siegel 
 *John Schuchard 
 James Sieger 
 James D. Weil 
 Samuel Woodring 
 *Samuel Wolf 
 Benjamin Zellner 
 Tilghman Sourwine 
 William Snyder 
 Anthony Krause 
 *George Kilmore 
 *John Kolb 
 David Klotz 
 William Leonhard 
 Daniel Long 
 Elias Leh 
 
 William Sterner 
 F. Sackenheimer 
 John Scholl 
 Alfred Smith 
 Henry Savitz 
 Franklin Smith 
 Charles Stout 
 *Lewis Schneck 
 *Augustus Scheirer 
 Henry O'Toole 
 David Moesner 
 *John McConnell 
 *Patrick McFarland 
 *Conrad Nagle 
 Charles Preston 
 Martin Reifinger 
 *Charles Resch 
 William Schrank 
 Benjamin Shoemaker 
 *Nicholas Hagelgaus 
 Jacob Hull 
 Abraham Keiter 
 Edward Keller 
 James E. Knerr 
 John Koffler 
 John Holdhoff 
 John Keiser 
 *Moses F. Klotz 
 Hiram Kolb 
 Julius Landrock 
 W. A. Liepensberger 
 Lewis Long 
 *Amandas Long 
 *Josepli Louis 
 *Solomon Long 
 Jonas Metzger 
 Peter Miller 
 Samuel Madden 
 Alfred Muthard 
 *Martin Muensch 
 *Jacob Madden 
 William Noll 
 Frederick Nessler 
 Elias Ready 
 Henry S. Romig 
 *Charles Richter 
 David Semmel 
 William Shoemaker 
 Lewis Wasser 
 Lovi Wagner 
 Christian F. Wieland 
 *William Walbert 
 
 182 men 
 
83 
 
 92d Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, Ninth Cavalry. Three years' service. 
 Mustered in the 29th of August, 1861. 
 
 Samuel Schneck 
 Til. Miller, 2 Lieut. 
 Daniel Becktell 
 Ellis T. Hanunersley 
 Henry Mertz 
 
 Company A. 
 
 John Masenheimer 
 Edward G. Yeager 
 James R. Haniniersley 
 Charles Dickson 
 
 August Ebert 
 Oscar T. Hoffman 
 Victor Mataner 
 Richard Saeger 
 
 13 men 
 
 128th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, 9 mos. service. Mustered in the 15th 
 of August, 1861. W. W. Hammersley, Lieut. Colonel. ' 
 
 John Dillinger, Capt. 
 Walter Seip, ist Lieut. 
 Wm. Miller, 2d Lieut. 
 Franklin C. Wasser 
 Stephen Schwartz 
 William G. Moyer 
 George F. Hawk 
 Tilghman F. Horn 
 *Abraham Worman 
 James Albright 
 Frederick A. Boas 
 Henry A. Berger 
 Henry Burger 
 Allen Blank 
 *Sylvester Burgen 
 Dallas Dillinger 
 Edwin W. Fried 
 Daniel Fried 
 William Glees 
 *Henry Good 
 Peter Hillegass 
 Phaon Hartman 
 J. H. B. Jarrett 
 *George Keck 
 William D. Miller 
 John Nagle 
 Henry A. Breinig 
 
 Company D. 
 
 Benjamin C. Roth 
 *George Diefenderfer 
 *Frederick A. Ruhl 
 Ignatz Gresser 
 George Hoxworth 
 William Sowden 
 *Alonzo Kuntz 
 William Graver 
 Stephen Henry 
 James S. Hoflfert 
 Philip Helweid 
 Solomon S. Frederick 
 Victor Fahringer 
 Edward Blo.ss 
 *Franklin Bloss 
 Aaron Frederick 
 James A. Jackson 
 Harrison Knauss 
 William Kern 
 H. Nunnenmaker 
 Henry K. Reiss 
 Daniel Schleigler 
 Henry G. Wagner 
 Joseph Yingling 
 Henry Peiffer 
 Rinehart Keiffer 
 James A. Bieber 
 
 James Lutz 
 *David Maddren 
 Henry Nagle 
 Theodore Siegfried 
 William Weaver 
 James Wetzel 
 John George 
 Andrew Gangwere 
 Jacob Sutton 
 Frederick Weaver 
 *Tilghnian Peter 
 Jacob Richard 
 John E. Schaffer 
 Charles Nagel 
 Peter Romig 
 Charles Snyder 
 Jeremiah Siefried 
 Jeremiah Transue 
 Harry Wieand 
 W'illiam Wagner 
 Richard Grauflf 
 Moses L. Klotz 
 Nathan Keifer 
 Emanuel Knauss 
 J.B. Lichtenwalner 
 Mahlon H. Beary 
 Franklin Bow'er 
 
 Company G, 128th Regiment. 
 
 Peter Huber, Capt. William A. Goranflo 
 
 Dan'l Miller, ist Lieut. William Haas 
 
 *James Lucas 
 Benjamin F. Leech 
 Preston Brock 
 Charles A. Pfeiffer 
 Reuben D. George 
 *John Stull 
 James R. Roney 
 
 Henry Huber 
 William Kenner 
 Gabriel Kern 
 *James Krum 
 Theodore Knauss 
 *John Lentz 
 *Henry Lucienbill 
 
 *William Smith 
 Henry Snyder 
 Reuben Sorben 
 John Watt 
 *Hiram Wilt 
 Thomas Zellner 
 Milton Beaver 
 Joseph Barriss 
 *Lewis Daubert 
 
84 
 
 Milton H. Dunlap 
 Wellington Martin 
 G. Hamilton, 2d Lieut. 
 William Schlosser 
 Solomon Kramer 
 *Henry Weiler 
 *Da\nd Hollenbach 
 Lewis Fink 
 Samuel Smith 
 Tilghman Keck 
 *Willoughby Knauss 
 *EIias Andraas 
 Robert Attreed 
 ^George Berger 
 Tilghman Bloss 
 Thomas J. Brader 
 J. Berkemeyer 
 *Ira Coffin 
 *Albert Dorward 
 Daniel J. Dillinger 
 C. Fenstermacher 
 *William Fry 
 *Andrew Flatta 
 *Thomas F. Good 
 
 *Daniel Moyer 
 David Miller 
 William J. Miller 
 *Samuel B. Parker 
 *David O. Pritchard 
 *William H. Reitz 
 Abraham Bechtel 
 *Reuben Bittner 
 Henry W, Butz 
 Levi Reidy 
 Thomas J. Raynes 
 *Franklin S. Ritter 
 Henry Shenton 
 Benjamin F. Smith 
 *Henry Stout 
 Jeremiah Sourwine 
 Daniel Strauss 
 John P. Weaver 
 *Daniel Weiss 
 Henry Richard 
 William Richard 
 Griffith Schindler 
 William Schnerr 
 
 Charles Diefenderfer 
 Hugh O. Davis 
 *James Eli 
 *Edwin Fretzinger 
 David Gackenbach 
 *Aaron Krum 
 *L. W. O. Goranflo 
 *Mandes Henry 
 *Tilghman Jacoby 
 Jeremiah Kern 
 *Alfred Klotz 
 *James Kunkle 
 * Henry Wint 
 Franklin J. Keck 
 *Jacob Long 
 Daniel F. Mertz 
 Howard C. Manvill 
 Henry Merkel 
 Franklin Moyer 
 *William Mertz 
 Emanuel Paules 
 *Paul Rehrig 
 Jonathan Reber 
 
 99 men 
 
 176th Regiment, drafted Militia. Nine month service. 
 
 ber 7th 1862. 
 
 Mustered in Novem- 
 
 Levi Schmoyer, Capt. 
 Monroe Miller, i Lieut 
 A. Singmaster, 2d " 
 J. Franklin Mertz 
 Jacob Geary 
 Amatias W. Jacoby 
 James G. Gorr 
 Edward Doll 
 Jacob Hinkel 
 Simon S. Miller 
 Henry Schmoyer 
 John Bleiler 
 Jacob Acker 
 David Bexter 
 Henry Bleiler 
 David Derr 
 J^ William M. Flexer 
 Lewis Eisenhard 
 Levi Giering 
 William F. Seip 
 Lewis Reinhard 
 Jonas F. Gorr 
 Charles Hiskey 
 
 Company A. 
 
 * Augustus Fegley 
 Stephen Fegely 
 William Gorr 
 Edward Harlacher 
 *William Hiskey 
 James Haines 
 John Hoflfner 
 Alfred Haaz 
 William Kehm 
 William Albitz 
 Nathan Bortz 
 John Fritz 
 David Frederick 
 Daniel Faust 
 Linneus Gripply 
 Amandes Knerr 
 L. F. Laudenschlager 
 John Mest 
 William Miller 
 Jacob Miller 
 James Neumoyer 
 Benneville Oswald 
 James F. Romig 
 
 John Haines 
 Carolus Hass 
 John Keck 
 Amandes Kemmerer 
 John Bernhard 
 Sylvester Engleman 
 Joshua Fritz 
 C. W. Fenstermacher 
 William Guth 
 Michael Kuder 
 Milton Laudenschlager 
 John Mayberry 
 John Mongold 
 Charles Nuso 
 Moses Nelford 
 Jacob Ritter 
 William Rano 
 Amandas Stephens 
 '-Tilghman Schwartz 
 David Stewart 
 William Wieder 
 Josiah Rochel 
 Nathan Rickert 
 
85 
 
 Franklin Schnioyer 
 Edwin Lorish 
 William Jarrett 
 John Fries 
 John Seislove 
 Reuben Ahner 
 Benjamin Boyer 
 Frank Christian 
 William David 
 
 Samuel Lehr, Capt. 
 Daniel Knauss, i Lieut. 
 John Culberston 2nd " 
 Frunklin C. Balliett 
 B. Frank Abbott 
 Aquilla Knauss 
 John A. Long 
 John Lehman 
 John Bahringer 
 Milton Guth 
 Samuel Roth 
 Moses Schaadt 
 William Acker 
 John Beidler 
 *Solonion Blank 
 William Cope 
 Alexander Kepple 
 James Kline 
 Nathan Adam 
 Jacob Bast 
 Charles Frantz 
 Alfred Guth 
 William Herman 
 William Kratzer 
 Andrew Keck 
 James Kichline 
 Solomon Long 
 Andrew Loughridge 
 Adam Miller 
 *Joseph Moyer 
 Milton Nunenmaker 
 Daniel Roth 
 Fvvan Strauss 
 Lewis Schaller 
 
 David Schaadt, Capt. 
 Charles L- Koch, " 
 S. A. Brown, ist Lieut 
 John Morgan 
 Silas T. Biery 
 
 Alfred Sturk 
 Henry Schaffer 
 Stephen Wieder 
 James Weil 
 John Ruhf 
 Augustus Frederick 
 William Gorman 
 Jacob Horace 
 John P. Haas 
 
 Company B. 176 Regiment. 
 
 Esekias Wisser 
 ^Henry Schuler 
 Henry Smith 
 Peter Weaver 
 Henry Lehr 
 Solomon Miller 
 William J. Minnich 
 Frederick Oswald 
 John David 
 Alvin Fink 
 Daniel Fink 
 William Fry 
 David D. Gilbert 
 Charles Hensinger 
 Thomas Hoffman 
 Samuel J. Kramer 
 Tilghman Keinert 
 William Kerr 
 Solomon Ritter 
 *Aaron Beisel 
 Joseph N. Ruch 
 James Kuder 
 James Knauss 
 Charles Beltz 
 Aaron F'ahringer 
 Lewis Gaumer 
 Daniel George 
 Henry W. Jarrett 
 Daniel Kerschner 
 *Edwin Koch 
 Charles Kichline 
 Levi Levan 
 Alfred Moyer 
 Tilghman Beisel 
 
 Company D. 176th Regiment 
 
 Isaac Moyer 
 Adam Miller 
 Sanmel Oldt 
 Willoughby Peter 
 Amandes Reinert 
 
 Charles Remsen 
 Peter Schiffert 
 Charles Smelsley 
 Henry Smith 
 Peter Shell 
 Jacob Sorber 
 ' ilghman Wetzel 
 John Eisenhard 
 
 97 men 
 
 Allen Troxell 
 Uriah Sanders 
 Edward Steyer 
 Alfred T. Bernhard 
 William Schaffer 
 Edward Bauer 
 Ferdinand Buchman 
 Benneville Bart 
 John Deily 
 
 Edward Y. Engleman 
 Charles Frick 
 Abraham Miller 
 John Mover 
 A. Nunnenmaker 
 Edwin J. Sell 
 Lewis Sell 
 Jeremiah Speigle 
 Charles Smith 
 Madison Strauss 
 Daniel Taylor 
 James A. Yeager 
 Elias Laser 
 Nathan Muthard 
 F^ranklin Miller 
 *Daniel Ferver 
 Phaon Guth 
 Joseph Gackenbach 
 Michael Hauser 
 Josiah Knerr 
 Franklin Kline 
 John Kuhns 
 Daniel Pattison 
 Joel Steines 
 
 102 men 
 
 William Harmony 
 William Hunt 
 John Kiffle 
 Isaac Laub 
 George Loeb 
 
86 
 
 Joseph Koch 
 Jacob Herling 
 John Lindenmuth 
 William J. Frantz 
 Henry Lorish 
 Isaac George 
 Gideon Moyer 
 Charles Menuingle 
 Robert Newhard 
 Herman Peter 
 Joseph Protzellen 
 Henry Schafler 
 Thomas Scheirer 
 Philip Siegle 
 Reuben Snyder 
 Frederick Scherer 
 Aaron Wenner 
 Henry Lauer 
 Charles Miller 
 Peter Miller 
 Patrick Nugent 
 Henry Olsander 
 Jacob Roth 
 Frederick Schermer 
 Israel Schmoyer 
 Tilghman Smith 
 Edwin Trively 
 Joseph Younkert 
 Stephen Kechline 
 
 Lewis Scheirer 
 Edwin Biehl 
 Andrew Buder 
 Edwin Diehl 
 Christian Flarkle 
 Charles Gross 
 Moses Hauser 
 John Herman 
 Evan Holben 
 Nathan Hauser 
 Renades Kleckner 
 Lewis R. Brown 
 Francis Carter 
 Franklin Snyder 
 William Smith 
 *Milton Snyder 
 Adam Tuckert 
 William Wright 
 John Link 
 Abraham Miller 
 Nathaniel Moll 
 Edmund Newhard 
 Solomon Rawe 
 Allen Roth 
 Matthew Schwerer 
 Moses Semmel 
 Philip Storm 
 James Frietz 
 Lewis Hopper 
 
 Company E. 176th Regiment. 
 
 William Merkley 
 Josiah Kern 
 Jesse Wambold 
 Reuben Helfrich 
 Josiah Saeger 
 Lewis Miller 
 Joseph Miller 
 Frank Gorden 
 ^Alexander Brown 
 James Bates 
 Peter Bowman 
 M. Druckenmiller 
 George Eisenhard 
 Anthony Fogel 
 William Hauser 
 Henry Hausman 
 Charles Holy 
 William Wilson 
 Alfred Miller 
 John Martin 
 David Lauchner 
 Jacob Kepple 
 Jacob Kromer 
 Philip Horn 
 James Fucherty 
 Phaon Diehl 
 Samuel Clader 
 Louis Kratzer 
 
 loi men. 
 
 T. Sleiker, Capt. 
 P. Graybill, ist Lieut 
 H. Wierbach, 2nd " 
 *John Hohe 
 John Albright 
 Charles Rockel 
 Joel Roth 
 Larus Koch 
 Charles Hohe 
 Henry Sleiker 
 Samuel Furry 
 Lucas Baumer 
 William Ziegler 
 William Hohe 
 Christian Neuchler 
 Frederick Binder 
 Charles Breisher 
 James Carroll 
 John Derr 
 Francis Dimmel 
 
 Edward Garlich 
 Adam Klauss 
 George D, King 
 Frederick Martin 
 Samuel Mack 
 Charles Ziegenfuss 
 Henry Billard 
 John Albright 
 Alfred Butz 
 Hirman Burger 
 Henry Chron 
 Edward Dallas 
 *Willoughby Egner 
 Franklin Fritzinger 
 Charles Ferguson 
 John Hower 
 John Hartman 
 John Johnson 
 Isaac Kloughertz 
 Reuben D. Long 
 
 John McFarland 
 John C. Newcomer 
 Edward Reichard 
 Martin Seibert 
 Joseph Somereither 
 Jesse Shoemaker 
 Tilghman Scholl 
 John Schleifer 
 Gideon Schnable 
 Henry Sell 
 Reuben Sell 
 Jonas SchaflFer 
 Samuel Smith 
 Henry Weichter 
 Benjamin Wagner 
 William D. Weaver 
 Henry Young 
 Tilghman Young 
 Charles Weiss 
 Absalom Weierbach 
 
87 
 
 J. Fenstermacher 
 Samuel Faust 
 '^William Hartman 
 George M. Hoffman 
 Jacob Hopper 
 Levi Knerr 
 Samuel Kern 
 Paul Michael 
 John Bergland 
 William Brown 
 David Ehrig 
 Nathan Ebert 
 Franklin Finey 
 
 Joseph Moory 
 John Boyd 
 James Crader 
 Henry Ehe 
 William Ebertz 
 Edwin Gernet 
 Alfred George 
 John A. Knerr 
 Edward Klauss 
 David Mack 
 Ephriam Moyer 
 Frederick Miller 
 Washington Miller 
 
 Thomas Widrig 
 William R. Wimmer 
 1 ilghman Weil 
 Joseph Unkel 
 Michael Stoneback 
 Daniel Shoemaker 
 John Stilb 
 William Shields 
 Willoughby Rickert 
 Israel Rumfeldt 
 Moses Rau 
 George M. Pilgard 
 
 98 men. 
 
 Company G. 176th Regiment. 
 
 L Hecker, Capt. 
 J. Cornett, ist Lieut. 
 W. Hecker, 2d " 
 William G. Freyman 
 Levi Oberholtzer 
 William Kurtz 
 Edwin Osenbach 
 Gideon Lentz 
 J. R. Reichard 
 Benneville Roth 
 Lewis D. Steckel 
 W. Newhard 
 Benneville Stehley 
 Michael Klein 
 Jeremiah Oswald 
 William Fisher 
 Jeremiah Deibert 
 John George 
 Adam Everett 
 John Handwerk 
 Benjamin Rockel 
 David Buchman 
 Peter Baer 
 Peter Benner 
 William Best 
 Charles E. Clader 
 John Deibert 
 Solomon Deibert 
 Henry Donvart 
 Benneville Eisenhart 
 Charles Frantz 
 John Gensenleiter 
 Carl Holier 
 Nicholas Helms 
 
 Jeremiah Kerschner 
 Levi E. Kistler 
 Charles Kunsman 
 Peter Kuntz 
 Owen Kern 
 Nathan Kennel 
 * Andrew Kratzer 
 William Krauss 
 Joseph T. Leibenguth 
 Henry Miller 
 Reuben Miller 
 Adam Minnich 
 Reuben Mertz 
 William Morgan 
 Stephen Newhard 
 William Newhard 
 Jonathan Paul 
 Joseph Bersheig 
 Lewis Deibert 
 John Fisher 
 Frederick Frahlic 
 Daniel Keiser 
 Henry Kern 
 James Krause 
 Lewis Leh 
 William INIeasimer 
 Jeremiah Miller 
 William Montz 
 Richmond Newhard 
 Moses Peter 
 Levi Peter 
 Tilghman Rebert 
 Cyrus Reichelderfer 
 Matthias Winsch 
 
 Joseph Rickert 
 Edwin Rex 
 *Reuben Roth 
 Henry Rex 
 Willoughby Shaffer 
 Elias Schneck 
 Hilary Schneck 
 Jeremiah Schneck 
 Lewis Schneck 
 Charles Schneider 
 Henry Steibling 
 John Samuel 
 Henry Smith 
 John Witmer 
 *Conrad C. Wolf 
 Jonas Wright 
 Valentine Wright 
 William Wright 
 Alfred Yehl 
 Charles Yehl 
 Samuel Yehl 
 Joseph Yehl 
 Levi Zerfoss 
 Mana A. Rockel 
 lilias Roth 
 Oliver Roth 
 F^phraim Schreiber 
 Moses Sensenger 
 Harrison Simons 
 Samuel Smith 
 Peter Snyder 
 Josiah Steckel 
 Tilghman Stehley 
 
 102 men. 
 
88 
 
 Company I. 176th Regiment 
 
 Alfred Creitz, Capt. Willoughby Camp 
 
 L. Harmony, " William Freed 
 
 W. Grosscup, 1st Lieut Edwin Harmony 
 Wm. Cassler Owen Krauss 
 
 Stephen Stiegerwalt David Kistler 
 Levi Stiegerwalt Edwin Konig 
 
 Manassah Behler Jacob Moser 
 
 Allen Xander, 2d Lieut John Miller 
 Amandas Harmony Robert McDaniels 
 
 Henry B. Crietz 
 Daniel Moose 
 David Horn 
 David Wartman 
 Michael Bachert 
 Owen Grosscup 
 Reuben Daubert 
 Levinus Smith 
 Thomas Everett 
 *Daniel Bachman 
 Charles Smith 
 Elias Herber 
 Thomas Brauscher 
 Henry Billig 
 C. Druckenmiller 
 Joseph Dengler 
 Jonas Grim 
 Henry Hartranft 
 Levi Greenawalt 
 William Henninger 
 Anthony Coleman 
 
 Samuel Sechler 
 Samuel Arnold 
 Lewis Schultz 
 Dennis Northstein 
 Levi S. Follweiler 
 Reuben Hunsicker 
 John Shappel 
 Jacob Hartman 
 Samuel Follweiler 
 Daniel Billig 
 Jacob Brobst 
 Charles Deppe 
 Edward Everett 
 Joseph Hausman 
 William Eckroth 
 *Daniel Heintzelman 
 JefFerson Kunkel 
 Daniel Creitz 
 John Camp 
 Joseph Handwerk 
 Samuel Knecht 
 
 Company K. 176th Regiment. 
 
 Benjamin Kunkel 
 Stephen Leh 
 *Samuel Loch 
 John Miller 
 Lewis Miller 
 Daniel Olenwine 
 Isaac Oswalt 
 Jonas Philips 
 Solomon Riegel 
 *Reuben Phillips 
 Solomon Riegel 
 *Reuben Phillips 
 ^Charles F. Reed 
 Harry Snyder 
 Daniel Smith 
 *John F Snyder 
 Benjamin Wtida 
 Elias Zellner 
 Solomon Zettlemoyer 
 Jacob Oswalt 
 Benjamin Ranch 
 Thomas Ruch 
 Adam Rupple 
 Jacob Schoedler 
 Benneville Smith 
 Samuel Wagoner 
 William Sicks 
 Henry Schwens 
 Henry Sizelove 
 Charles Winderholder 
 90 men. 
 
 S. C. Lee, Capt. 
 G. Neitz, 
 
 E. Seibert, ist Lieut. 
 P. W. Flores, 2d " 
 George G. Rodenberg 
 Daniel Schantz 
 *Charles Heil 
 William M. Roeder 
 Willoughby Stoudt 
 Henry Bower 
 Robert Groman 
 William Williams 
 William E. Bennedict 
 Willoughby Bander 
 George Repp 
 William Wieand 
 James F. Smith 
 
 David Gery 
 Richard T. Jones 
 William Heil 
 John Brecht 
 Franklin Flores 
 Franklin Weidner 
 Levi Schuler 
 Charles Staudt 
 Joseph Koons 
 Amandas Rick 
 William Shiffert 
 John Tombauer 
 William B. Williams 
 Samuel SchafFer 
 George Schmoyer 
 Jeremiah Swartz 
 G. Laudenschlager 
 
 Francis Schaffer 
 Edwin Weil 
 John Wolf 
 Nathan Seibert 
 Jacob StaufTer 
 Jeremiah Steichter 
 Daniel Thomas 
 George Stein 
 John D. Schell 
 Charles Schell 
 S. Rothenberger 
 Gottleib Phflueger 
 Solomon Mill 
 Seth Miller 
 Jesse Mangold 
 Willoughpy Doney 
 William Ettinger 
 
89 
 
 Eugene T. Tool 
 John Fegely 
 C. Foster, ist Lieut. 
 Thomas F. Mohr 
 George Knoll 
 ohn Dice 
 Martin Ackertnan 
 Benjamin Roth 
 Elias Diehl 
 Josiah Doney 
 Franklin Dieter 
 David Fisher 
 Charles Furry 
 Addison Frey 
 
 202nd Regiment, 
 in August 30th 1864. 
 
 Walter Seip, Capt. 
 B. C. Roth, 
 J. Lucas, 1st Lieut. 
 A. Mellin, 2nd " 
 Jeremiah Transue 
 Henry Weiand 
 George Benson 
 Henry Wittenmeyer 
 Franklin Brobst 
 Madison Coles 
 Lewis Fluck 
 John D. Gangwere 
 David Gackenbach 
 Albert Herman 
 Franklin Kromer 
 Harrison S. Kern 
 Adam Koch 
 Willoughby Kuhns 
 William Knauss 
 Levi Kraft 
 Aaron jNIoyer 
 John Nagle, Sr. 
 Theodore Nagle 
 William Reinhard 
 William F. Reinhard 
 Joel Sterner 
 Augustus Schitz 
 John Schaflfer 
 Joseph Trumbower 
 Depue Ueberoth 
 Henry Burger 
 William Becker 
 Frank Ernst 
 Thomas Baker 
 * Franklin Dovle 
 
 David Rudolph 
 William Sicher 
 Solomon Fritz 
 Tobias Gehrhart 
 W^illiam Knoll 
 Isaac Klein 
 David Kriebel 
 John Lewis 
 Henry Mohr 
 Amos Miller 
 John T. Roberts 
 Michael Nuss 
 Lewis Reinbold 
 Charles J. Fegley 
 Pennsylvania volunteers. 
 
 Company E. 
 *William Fusselman 
 Amos Giess 
 John Gorman 
 Edwin Hess 
 William KiefFer 
 Anthony Kleinsmith 
 James Kern 
 Edwin Knechel 
 John Keiffer 
 Henry Knerr 
 *David M. Miller 
 Aaron P. Nagle 
 John Pettitt 
 Lewis F. Ruhf 
 Emanuel Reinhard 
 Aaron Frederick 
 Milton W'. Rei chard 
 *C. Laudenschlager 
 Henry D. Brown 
 Jacob H. Burger 
 Jeremiah Beidelman 
 G. H. Good, 2nd Lieut. 
 Alfred Smith 
 William Trexler 
 John Knerr 
 Eugene Stettler 
 Milton Kichline 
 Henry Smith 
 Hiram F. SchafFer 
 Edwin Troxell 
 Jeremiah Biery 
 Henry E. Burger 
 Augustus Bechtel 
 Henry Derr 
 Nathan Gaumer 
 
 Enoch Field 
 Eli George 
 William Heft 
 Solomon Hallman 
 Jonathan Bickel 
 Bernhard Behringer 
 *S. Leibensperger 
 James Kidd 
 John Knoff 
 William Jones 
 Daniel Heimbach 
 John A. Griffith 
 Jonas Fritz 
 
 92 men 
 One vear service. Mustered 
 
 Amandas Hackman 
 Charles Hartman 
 James J. Kiinkel 
 William Lentz 
 Jesse Lehman 
 James Moore 
 Harrisson Miller 
 Lewis Miller 
 William Osman 
 Herman Steltler 
 Franklin Smith 
 Milton Saeger 
 Edwin Schertinger 
 George Wolf 
 Harrison Young 
 Moses Hoffman 
 Henry Kleckner 
 Uriah Keck 
 Charles Lick 
 William A. Lynn 
 Nathan Miller 
 Addison J. Knauss 
 Augustus W. Mennig 
 Eli L. Fatzinger 
 'Allen D. Burger 
 George Burger 
 J. Bartholomew 
 John Young 
 John Yogel 
 Jacob A. Smith 
 Jacob Strieker 
 Frederick Saxenheimer 
 Hiram Parker 
 John Nagle, jr 
 David Miller 105 men 
 
90 
 
 209th Regiment, Pennsylvania volunteers, 
 in September 14th 1864. 
 
 W. Miller, Capt. 
 W. Knerr, " 
 L. Fink, ist Lieut 
 Albert Dorward 
 John Lutz 
 William Marshall 
 A. O. Frankenfield 
 Penrose Rex 
 William Coffin 
 Paul Michael 
 
 John Kressler 
 Francis Kuhns 
 Albert Kleckner 
 Hiram Kratzer 
 *Jonathan Klotz 
 Henry Levan 
 Cornelius Lentz 
 James Mace 
 Ephraim Michael 
 *Amandas Moyer 
 
 D. Overholt, 2nd Lieut Joseph Arnold 
 William Morton, jr Reuben Brader 
 
 William Keener 
 Cornelius Fagen 
 Tilghman Wagner 
 James Snyder 
 Levi Ziegenfuss 
 Lewis Kratzer 
 Thomas Arnold 
 Moses Allender 
 George Blocker 
 Jacob Christ 
 John Darrohn 
 Jacob Ebert 
 William Edwards 
 Milton Eckert 
 Jarrett Ferber 
 William Greissley 
 Jeremiah Geiger 
 Tilghman Hartzell 
 Charles Holy 
 Aaron Handwerk 
 Michael Herley 
 Matthew Zimmerman 
 
 Wilson Benninger 
 *William Clark 
 Francis Develin 
 John Eastman 
 C. F. Engelman 
 O. H. C. Fallweiler 
 William German 
 Amandas Gernett 
 Anthony Gehrig 
 Tilghman Handwerk 
 James N. Hersh 
 Hezekiah Hippie 
 John Jones 
 Charles Krauss 
 Josiah Klotz 
 Jacob Koch 
 Samuel Keififer 
 James Kane 
 John Lawrence 
 Edwin Loch 
 Moses Metzgar 
 
 MILITIA. 
 
 One year service. Mustered 
 
 Henry Meyers 
 Thomas Murray 
 Samuel Mace 
 William McDonald 
 William Nagel 
 Elihu Oswald 
 Robert Ohl 
 Joseph Rex 
 Sanmel Roth 
 William Ruhe 
 William Rex 
 Edwin Rex 
 Tilghman Reber 
 John Snyder 
 Henry Sell 
 David Y. Williamson 
 Thomas West 
 Francis Weaver 
 Patrick McCann 
 William Nicholas 
 Robert Newhart 
 Peter Oswald 
 Emanuel Paules 
 Francis Rabenold 
 Alfred Ritter 
 Robert F. Roberts 
 Lewis Rex 
 Irvin Rober 
 Amandas Roth 
 Charles Shiffert 
 Simon Snyder 
 Henry Weiss 
 Henry W. Weiss 
 
 98 men. 
 
 5th Regiment was organized, September 13th, 1862. The field and staff 
 officers were H. C. Longecker, Colonel; J. B, Clemens, Lieutentant Colonel; Mel- 
 chior Horn, Edwin D. Lawal, Milton J. Kramer, George Mish, William M. Culver, 
 Thomas Metzger, Elisha Forest, Jacob Wolle, George C. Hand. 
 Company C, 5th, Regiment. 
 
 I. Gregory, Capt. 
 B. Hagenbach, i Lieut. 
 B. Sweitzer, 2nd " 
 William Kress 
 Simon Price 
 Tilghman Kemmerer 
 William Desch 
 John Stopp 
 
 Francis Kramer 
 William Lind 
 Benjamin Lucas 
 David Miller 
 Charles Present 
 Solomon Reinsmith 
 Charles Reinsmith 
 James Ritter 
 
 John O. Vingling 
 Gabriel Keiper 
 William Knauss 
 Stephen Lutz 
 Edward Lucas 
 Augustus Manning 
 Tilghman Osnian 
 Charles Egge 
 
91 
 
 Israel Yingling 
 Charles Arthur 
 William Basher 
 Jeremiah IBeidleman 
 William Burnham 
 James Christ 
 Henry Cole 
 George DieflFer 
 Milton Eckert 
 Edward Engleman 
 Franklin Freed 
 Amos Guth 
 Walter Getter 
 Peter Hartman 
 Henry Heckman 
 Solomon Helfrich 
 Moses Kehm 
 William Keyser 
 Daniel Keyser 
 Daniel Keiper 
 
 Joseph Ruhe 
 Henr}' Seagreaves 
 Edwin Hittle 
 Edward Young 
 E. F. Powell 
 Alfred Ettinger 
 E. Roth 
 
 Edward ShifTert 
 Charles Apple 
 Jeremiah Biery 
 Henry Bitting 
 J. Burger 
 
 Washington Chrisman 
 Dennis Diefenderfer 
 Solomon Dorney 
 Edwin Strauss 
 Paul Wald 
 Benjamin Weaver 
 Henry Weikel 
 John Weiss 
 
 Company E. 5th Regiment. 
 
 Frederick Frantz 
 Peter Grim 
 Uriah Gnth 
 George Hagenbuch 
 Joreph Hecker 
 Henry HeimbaDh 
 Simon Houck 
 George Kauffman 
 Charles Quier 
 Walter Reinsmith 
 Franklin Rinker 
 Adolphus Rosstaischer 
 Uriah Sanders 
 William H. Simons 
 Charles Wagner 
 Thomas Wenner 
 Milton Weaver 
 Francis Weidner 
 Henry Wuchter 
 Emanuel Yohe 
 
 84 men 
 
 W. Marx, Capt. 
 C. Mertz, ist Lieut. 
 W. Wannemacher 
 Charles J. Haines 
 James Smith 
 Thomas Ruhe 
 Alfred J. Breinig 
 Allen A. Huber 
 Henry A. Evans 
 Charles Mohr 
 Frederick A. Baldwin 
 Jonathan Becker 
 John Bergland 
 Jacob S. Dillinger 
 Jacob Goebel 
 John Hartzell 
 Benneville Hine 
 Benjamin F. Jacoby 
 William Laubach 
 Edward D. Lawall 
 
 G. Schall, Capt. 
 T. Snyder, 1st Lieut. 
 S. Weller, 2nd " 
 Cornelius Fagen 
 Franklin Beck 
 Elias Shingler 
 
 Eugene Master 
 Daniel Miller 
 S. R.Missly 
 Isaiah Rehrig 
 W^arner Ruhe 
 Thomas Keck 
 Amandas Wagner 
 Elisha Forest 
 Samuel B. Anewalt 
 Joseph E. Balliett 
 Henry Gangwere 
 Jacob Blumer 
 J. A. Aikens 
 John Bechtel 
 Samuel Becker 
 James Cahoon 
 Conrad Emig 
 W. Hagenbuch 
 Solomon Hartzell 
 Edward Heiber 
 
 Company G. 51b Regiment. 
 
 John Sykes 
 Jacob Snyder 
 Leonard Smucher 
 Stephen Smith 
 Alfred Smith 
 Edwin Troxell 
 
 John Krauss, jr 
 Edward Laubach 
 Walter Losch 
 Thomas B. Metzgar 
 Harrison Miller 
 John Nunnenmacker 
 William Roney 
 Alfred Saeger 
 Charles G. Sassaman 
 David O. Saylor 
 Richard Snyder 
 George Terraberry 
 Peter Wanner 
 Henry Worman 
 Milton Sassaman 
 Peter Shutz 
 Samuel Smith 
 Willoughby Trexler 
 Wilson Wieder 
 
 59 men 
 
 Benneville Christman 
 Henry Daubert 
 Jacob Eckert 
 Robert Fatzinger 
 Peter Fegelj* 
 James Gernert 
 
92 
 
 Milton Beidler 
 George Engeltnan 
 Daniel Gilbert 
 Francis Strachley 
 Alfred Adam 
 Benneville Ecker 
 Owen Fatzinger 
 Amandas Greenawalt 
 George Hand 
 William Hertz 
 Isaac Hummel 
 William Kuder 
 Henrj Kercher 
 Tilghman Kramer 
 James Kuder 
 Allen Mohr 
 WMlliam Mohr 
 James Neff 
 Charles Richter 
 Tilghman Ruhe 
 Tilgeman Reinhart 
 Henry Schwartz 
 August Weber 
 
 Jacob Wint 
 Jesse Wombold 
 Hezekiah Weiser 
 Edwin Yeager 
 William Burger 
 Matthew Bliche 
 James S. Biery 
 Edward Clauss 
 Tilghman Daubert 
 Henry Diener 
 Allen P. Steckel 
 James P. Roder 
 Allen Newhard 
 Charles Shout 
 Jacob R. Wolle 
 Allen Pfeiffer 
 Edwin L. Young 
 Joseph Moll 
 Allen Burger 
 Jacob Bast 
 James Beck 
 Jonathan Bear 
 
 Daniel Hood 
 William Hintz 
 Herman Haverly 
 William Leibensperger 
 Tobias Kessler 
 Milton Kramer 
 Solomon Long 
 Samuel Miller 
 Tobias Moser 
 Edwin Peter 
 Charles Ruhe 
 Peter Yoder 
 John Ross 
 Peter Reinhard 
 Augustus Schitz 
 George Schaffer 
 John Snyder 
 Henry Schafier 
 Charles Schaffer 
 Reuben Sellout 
 Esaias Trumbore 
 Charles Wolf 
 
 85 men 
 
 Company H. 5th Regiment. 
 
 W. Hoffman, Capt. 
 F. Seller, ist Lieut. 
 A. Heilman, 2nd Lieut 
 Henry Ritter 
 Henry Ruhe 
 Franklin Trexler 
 Henry Schwartz 
 Owen Mertz 
 Moses Schneck 
 Almon Nagel 
 Henry Borneman 
 Peter Cortright 
 George Daufer 
 Edwin Eisenhard 
 George Fried 
 Daniel Fink 
 Wilson Gross 
 Charles Hertzog 
 William Hufert 
 Jonathan Knauss 
 Isreal Lehr 
 Tilghman Miller 
 Henr}- Odenheimer 
 Solomon Raut 
 
 Lewis Roth 
 William Ruhe 
 Hermon Schuon 
 Henry Fried 
 D. F. Deschler 
 George Hoffman 
 Henry Trexler 
 William Mininger 
 Benjamin Fleckner 
 Franklin Hersh 
 Allen F. Barber 
 Samuel Baum 
 Jacob Cleaver 
 Charles Erdman 
 Charles Everett 
 Tilghman Frederick 
 Daniel Fritz 
 Martin Heft 
 Gottlieb Herzog 
 William Henry 
 Robert Latimore 
 Hiram Mertz 
 John Nelig 
 William Raut 
 
 William Roth 
 William Ritter 
 William Reinhard 
 Morris Stemler 
 Daniel Shitz 
 John Sowers 
 William Sassamau 
 Francis Smith 
 Lewis Shetton 
 Peter Stark 
 Daniel Trump 
 Edwin Wieand 
 Jacob Weaver 
 Henrj' Zink 
 Edward Sherer 
 Nathan Snyder 
 Reuben Steble 
 Tilghman Snyder 
 Charles Sane 
 Francis Troxell 
 Frederick Wilt 
 Benjamin Wonderly 
 William Yohe 
 
 71 men 
 
93 
 
 37th Regiment; Emergency troops. Mustered in Jime 19th, 1863. 
 Company H. 37th Regiment. 
 
 Francis Weimer 
 Milton Weaver 
 Henry Wittenmeyer 
 Eli Fritzinger 
 / mos Guth 
 Solomon Helfrich 
 Charles Kauffman 
 Lewis Kistler 
 Frank Laubach 
 Harrison Miller 
 Frank Mertz 
 Theodore Mohr 
 David Overholt 
 William Rees 
 Daniel Reinhard 
 Reuben -^^eip 
 Franklin Smith 
 John Shaflfer 
 John Shinier 
 Franklin Troxell 
 Theodore Taylor 
 Charles W^agner 
 M. Wetherold 
 Allen Wolfinger 
 Edwin Wiand 
 Edwin Yeager 
 
 78 men 
 
 38th Regiment; Emergency militia. Mustered in July 3rd, 1863. Mel- 
 chior H. Horn, Colonel. 
 
 Companj- B. 38th Regiment. 
 
 I. Gregory, Capt. 
 Ed. Young, 1st Lieut 
 B. Sweitzer, 2nd " 
 Edwin Hittle 
 Charles Dankel 
 Samuel Anewalt 
 Joseph Balliett 
 Jacob Bass 
 James Mosser 
 Edward Schiffert 
 Henry F. Ames 
 Owen Bachman 
 Daniel Biedelman 
 Samuel P. Bliss 
 Reuben Desch 
 William Dicht 
 Charles Eckert 
 William Reiser 
 Thomas Keck 
 Theodore Siegfried 
 Alfred Ettinger 
 John Stopp 
 William Baucham 
 John Johnson 
 John Anthony 
 Hiram E. Bectelman 
 
 Charles Beahm 
 Milton Brong 
 Michael Correl 
 Alpheus Desch 
 Milton Eckert 
 Jacob Fries 
 Peter Fegely 
 Franklin Grim 
 Walter Guetter 
 William Knauss 
 Wilson Kistler 
 Charles Knauss 
 Constantine Martin 
 Hiram Mertz 
 Augustus Minnich 
 Allan Moore 
 George Reeder 
 Walter Reinsmith 
 Benjamin Smith 
 Eugene Stettler 
 Hiram Shimer 
 Levi Ziegenfuss 
 Christian Smith 
 Aaron Tice 
 John Weiss 
 Alfred V. Willeumeyer 
 
 J. Hunt, Capt. 
 E. Mickley, ist Lieut. 
 J. Morrison, 2nd " 
 Henry Welty 
 William Williams 
 Charles G. Harp 
 William Andreas 
 John Nolf 
 Milton Berger 
 Charles Graffin 
 John Courtney 
 Reuben A. Boyer 
 John Barr 
 John Black 
 David Bowen 
 William Bates 
 John Case 
 Jacob Case 
 
 George Hopkins 
 William Hock 
 Joseph Humphries 
 Samuel Kieffer 
 Uriah Kurtz 
 John Kieffer 
 Charles Lantz 
 WMlliam Stewart 
 Robert Stewart 
 Frederick Eagle 
 William McKibben 
 Llewellyn Thomas 
 Samuel McKeague 
 John McClenaghan 
 Godfrey Osenheimer 
 Johnathan Price 
 Henry Raup 
 J. StofHet 
 
 John Cane 
 Joseph Cane 
 William Craig 
 John Church 
 John Hunter 
 Jo.seph McMullen 
 Joseph McFetridge 
 Jacob Donecker 
 Morgan Emanuel, jr. 
 James Fuller 
 Orange Fuller 
 Adam Freuud 
 Samuel Friess 
 Joseph Forrest 
 Lewis Gutenday 
 John Hille 
 David McFetridge 
 Dennis McFadden 
 
94 
 
 John Conway 
 James Moran 
 Tilghman Michael 
 William Miller 
 James McCleary 
 James McNab 
 David Davis 
 Owen Eastman 
 Charles Fuller 
 Jacob Funk 
 Barthold Fritchey 
 Adam Fulton 
 John Gross 
 Thomas Hunt 
 
 William Biery 
 Tilghman Breisch 
 Franklin Bower 
 John Campbell 
 
 Franklin Smith 
 Charles Troxell 
 William R. Thomas 
 Evan Williams 
 Daniel Yoder 
 George Matchett 
 Daniel Milson 
 Evan Edwards 
 Franklin Eckensperger 
 Charles Andreas 
 David P. Bowen 
 Joseph Broadseller 
 William Boyle 
 James Blair 
 
 Company C. 38th Regiment, 
 
 William Hopkins 
 Samuel Wolle 
 William Horn 
 Simon Kester 
 
 Enoch Phillips 
 Thompson Porter 
 William Rankin 
 John Snyder 
 John Steward 
 John Thomas 
 Benedict Vantram 
 David Williams 
 Peter Hunt 
 Thomas James 
 William Krone 
 Peter Keeling 
 Allen Kurtz 
 Tilghman Moyer 
 
 96 men 
 
 George Miunich 
 
 William Wheeler 
 
 F. P. Laubach 
 
 John Keifel 
 
 Alfred Lynn 13 men 
 
 41st Regiment; Emergency militia. Mustered in July ist, 1863. John 
 
 H. Oliver, Major; A. B. Longaker, Quarter Master. 
 
 W. Seip, Captain. 
 
 B. C. Roth, ist Lieut. 
 James Lucas, 2d " 
 Henry Stanton 
 James Roney 
 
 John Nagel 
 James Lutz 
 Henry Burger 
 Henry Wiand 
 Andrew Gangwere 
 John D. Albright 
 Augustus Bechtel 
 Madison Cole 
 Solomon Fatzinger 
 John Grotz 
 William Schlosser 
 Harrison Butz 
 George T. Young 
 Daniel Miller 
 John Lackey 
 
 C. Laudenschlager 
 Aaron Frederick 
 Dallas Xander 
 Adam Beers 
 Henry Custer 
 Edward T. Engelman 
 Nathan Gaumer 
 
 Henry Horn 
 Charles Huber 
 William Ibach 
 Henry L. Kenner 
 Benjamin Ibach 
 Benjamin Kleckner 
 Emanuel Knauss 
 Israel Lehr 
 Jesse Lehman 
 Lewis P. Levan 
 Gottlieb Lutch 
 William Mohr 
 James Nagel 
 Edward Ochs 
 Lewis P. Queen 
 George Reese 
 Charles Richter 
 William Roth 
 Henry Roth 
 Augustus Scherer 
 Tilghman Snyder 
 Jeremian SchoU 
 Jeremiah Shuman 
 Jesse Smith 
 Otto Geier 
 Henry A. Heckman 
 Uriah Hartzel 
 
 Moses Kehm 
 Peter Kroner 
 Christian Kuntz 
 Edward Lucas 
 Daniel Lehr 
 Jacob Leibensperger 
 Milton Laudenschlager 
 Wellington Martin 
 George Nunnenmacher 
 Jesse Ochs 
 Charles Preston 
 Reuben Raub 
 William Reinhard 
 John Ross 
 William Roney 
 Tilghman Reiss 
 Benjamin Schwartz 
 Isreal Schneck 
 Peter Schultz 
 Peter Sclireiber 
 John Sclireiber 
 Clinton Trexler 
 James Unger 
 I'rederick Wilt 
 Henry Weinsheimer 
 Henrj' Willenmeyer 
 Depue Ueberoth 
 
95 
 
 Frederick Gangwere 
 Jacob Goebble 
 William Young 
 
 C. Keck, Captian 
 
 D. Kline, ist Lieut. 
 S. Smith, 2nd " 
 Abner A. Campbell 
 James A. Bieber 
 Daniel Reinsmith 
 Benjamin Schlosser 
 David Deily 
 David PfaflF 
 John Roth 
 Jacob Berger 
 William Bergen moyer 
 Eugene Breyfogel 
 Lewis Baer 
 Francis Balliett 
 Solomon Bachman 
 Peter Coop 
 James DeLong 
 John Evans 
 William Fry 
 Levi Krauss 
 George Diefenderfer 
 Alfred G. Peter 
 Gideon Smith 
 Joseph Hough 
 
 Henry Ibach 
 Jeremiah Scherer 
 
 Company I. 41st Regiment. 
 
 Leon F. Roeder 
 Irwin Raber 
 John Ratley 
 Eli Reinert 
 Paul Smith 
 Charles Leinberger 
 Daniel Snyder 
 Benjamin Allender 
 James Bachman 
 Peter Benner 
 Sylvester Bieber 
 Samuel Balliett 
 Alfred Biege 
 David Clause 
 Wilson Druckenmiller 
 Aaron Druckenmiller 
 Josiah Fatzinger 
 Josiah Fry 
 Lewis Frack 
 Jonas Gery 
 John Gerber 
 Elias Hartman 
 Stephen Hallman 
 Ephriam Keeser 
 John Long 
 
 Peter Wenner 
 Peter Weller 
 
 Ellis Peter 
 Asher Queer 
 Jacob Seiss 
 Daniel Snyder 
 David Steffan 
 Aaron West 
 John Wilbert 
 Phaon George 
 John GrofF 
 Levi Haaf 
 Phaon Hausman 
 Milton Kachline 
 Jonas Ludwig 
 Jacob Oswald 
 Alfred Peter 
 James Reinsmith 
 Samuel Ritter 
 Joseph Ray 
 Solomon Reinsmith 
 Sebastian Silliman 
 Joseph Snyder 
 Levi Smith 
 
 Willoughby Shoemaker 
 HoraceJTroxell 
 T^lip Werley 
 Robert Young 76 men 
 
 C. Mertz, Captain 
 A. Heilman, ist Lieut 
 Henry Freed, 2d " 
 Thomas Snyder 
 John A. Young 
 Henry C. Huber 
 Daniel Smith 
 Jeremiah Transue 
 William Hass 
 Sylvester Weller 
 Charles C Moore 
 Blackford Barnes 
 Adolph Clauss 
 Edwin Desch 
 Tilghman Frederick 
 Benjamin Fatzinger 
 Benjamin Fink 
 Andrew Gangwere 
 
 Company K. 41st Regiment. 
 
 William Reichard 
 William Moyer 
 Henry Trexler 
 Milton Bieber 
 David Hardner 
 John Lentz 
 Stephen A. Henry 
 Samuel Apple 
 Charles Bennett 
 Hugh Cassidy 
 John Eisenhard 
 Robert Fatzinger 
 Daniel Fritz 
 Charles Gorr 
 John Gorr 
 Charles Hart 
 George Hand 
 David Howard 
 
 Henry Moore 
 John Manhart 
 Aaron Moyer 
 John Masonheimer 
 Andrew Nagle 
 Tilghman Ott 
 Werner Ruhe 
 Edward Reichard 
 Christian Stahley 
 Hiram Schaffer 
 Joseph Stempfle 
 William Landis 
 Josiah Leferre 
 Owen Metz 
 William Moore 
 lohn Moyer 
 Josiah Doll 
 Wilson Moyer 
 
96 
 
 James Gallagher 
 Moses Hoffman 
 Solomon Heberly 
 Henry Hardner 
 John Hill 
 Edwin Jacoby 
 Henry Kemmerer 
 
 Philip Hill 
 Philip Helvert 
 Charles Kramer 
 Harrison Kern 
 Willoughby Kern 
 John LaRoche 
 George Minnich 
 
 Theodore Nagle 
 William Ruhe 
 Lewis Roth 
 Amandas Sieger 
 Tilghman Steinberger 
 Ludwig Schultz 
 
 74 men 
 
 * Killed in battle or died while in service. 
 
 The whole number of men furnished by Lehigh county during the Civil War 
 of 1861 to 1S65, was two thousand and sixty-three. The number of men killed 
 in battle were eighty^three; number of men wounded in battle sixty-four; number 
 of men that died in camp were two hundred and thirty-three; number of men 
 captured by the Confederates were two hundred and fifty-seven; number of men 
 that were drowned three; number of men, missing in action were forty-nine and 
 four hundred and eighty-three men mentioned as killed and wounded and miss- 
 ing, making a total loss of one thousand two hundred and eighteen men. 
 
 Allen Gua..rd^. They were one of the first companies that responded to 
 the Nation's call for volunteers for the defense of Washington. The first Regi- 
 ment did garrison duty but were not engaged in any battles. The Ninth Regi- 
 mintdii iho ^ irrisoti duty an 1 was not in aay battles. The Forty-sixth Regiment 
 was in the following battles : Winchester, Cedar Mountain, Antietam, Chancell- 
 orsville, Getteysburg, Resaca, Dallas, Kennesaw, Peach Tree Creek, Pine Knob, 
 Marietta, Atlanta. The loss of the Regiment while in the service was two hun- 
 dred and forty-three men. The Forty-seventh Regiment was in the following 
 battles, St. John's Bluff, Jacksonville, Pocotaligo, Red River expedition, Shena- 
 doah campaign and lost during its service was five hundred and thirty-eight men. 
 The Ninety-second Regiment was in the following engagements, Lebanon, 
 Moore's Hill, Tonipkinsville, Richmond Ky., Shelbyville, Perryville, Franklin 
 Rover, Middleton, Cowan, LaFayette, Chickamauga, Dan bridge, Newmarket, 
 Mossy creek. Fair Garden, McMinnsville, Lovejoys, Macon, Bear creek, Waynes- 
 boro (2) Buckhead creek, Buckhead church, Aiken, Lexington, Black Stakes, 
 Averysboro, Bentonville, Raleigh, Hillsboro, Morrisville. Their loss was very 
 heavy. This Regiment had the honor of firing the last gun before the surrender 
 of General J. E.Johnston. The one hundred and Twenty-eight Regiment was 
 in the battles of Antietam, where it lost thirty-foui men in killed and eighty-five 
 men wounded, and at Chancellorsville where two hundred and fifty of their num- 
 ber were taken prisoners. The one hundred and Seventy-sixth Regiment did 
 garrison duty at Newberne, N. C. and Hilton Head S. C. The two hundred and 
 Second Regiment was in the battle of Salem and guarding railroads in the 
 Shenadoah Valley, during General Sheridad's campaign. The Two Hundred 
 and Ninth Regiment fought in the battle of Chapin's Farm, Mead Station, 
 Petersburg and Appomattox court house. The Fifth and Twenty-seventh Regi- 
 ments (Militia of 1862) were organized to aid in repelling the invasion of the 
 Confederate army. The Thirty-eighth Regiment (Militia, of 1863) guarded 
 property, repairing railroads and gathering Confederate stragglers after the 
 battle of Gettysburg. The Forty-first Regiment (Militia of 1863), saw service 
 at South Mountain and guarding property. 
 
97 
 
 The Spaniyh-America.n War. 
 
 Companies B and D, 4th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers were from 
 Lehigh county. The officers from our county were Charles O'Neill, Lieutenant 
 Colonel ; W. D. Mickley, Major ; Morris F. Cawley, Surgeon Major ; Frank D. 
 Beary, Adjutant ; J. Howard Martz, Sergeant Major ; Harry Bower, Quartermaster 
 Sergeant. 
 
 Company B. 
 
 J. A. Medlar, Capt. Peter Hertzog 
 
 C. D. Rhoads, ist Lieut J. Allen Newhard 
 O. Miller, 2nd Lieut William Ruch 
 
 Oswell Reidy 
 \V. F. Weiss 
 Otto R. Wollmuth 
 Lewis Spangler 
 Edward Fried 
 Wilson Desch 
 George Wieand 
 George A. Rex 
 James F. Wieand 
 William Bower 
 William Smith 
 Harry Christ 
 Harry Lambert 
 Ralph Weaver 
 George Knecht 
 Joseph Peters 
 John Abbott 
 Roy Applegate 
 Frank Bartholomew 
 William Buckland 
 Frank D. Baughardt 
 Frederick Becker 
 Albert Connolly 
 Charles E. Clader 
 Percival Confer 
 Adam Epp 
 Ray Percival 
 Harvey Frantz 
 Victor Geist 
 Ernest Gross 
 Tilghman Ginkinger 
 Edward Goheen 
 S. A. Hammar 
 Philip Walters 
 
 Orange M. Frantz 
 John Thomas 
 Hugh Stevens, jr. 
 Frederick Able 
 Harry Adams • 
 Harry Balliet 
 Guy Brown 
 John Bloss 
 William Benson 
 Solomon Brown 
 W. Cox 
 
 Charles Campbell 
 Harry Elliot 
 Clinton Fenstermacher 
 Robert E. Frantz 
 Howard E. Gaulger 
 Morris Gehring 
 John Gallmoyer 
 Leidy Garnet 
 Frantz Hall 
 Harvey Held 
 William Hohe 
 Frank Hildenburger 
 George Hafner 
 Edwin Hoats 
 Franklin Kramlich 
 William Kunkel 
 Raymond Kerschner 
 George Lutz 
 Austin Leidy 
 Francis Laudenschlager 
 William Labold 
 Allen Hagenbach 
 John Wotring 
 
 Company D. 4th Regiment. 
 
 C. Spangler, Capt. Harry Geansley 
 
 E. Wittemyer, ist LieutEdwin Eagle 
 S. Chubbuck, 2nd " William Bechtel 
 George Shillinger Allen Berger 
 
 Charles Mattern 
 Robert Miller 
 John Moyer 
 David McMahon 
 Herman Naiell 
 Fred Reichard 
 Frank Schreiber 
 George Steinberger 
 Paul Smith 
 John Thomas 
 William Trump 
 Henry Weibel 
 Walter Ward 
 David Yates 
 Henry Hersh 
 John H el wig 
 Frank Hagei 
 Albert Reener 
 John Kahler 
 Albert Kramer 
 Edmund Lloyd 
 Frank Lynn 
 Newton Leidy 
 Clement Lawskowski 
 Robert Martz 
 Robert Mest 
 Calvin Moyer 
 Charles Miller 
 Herman Nikalai 
 William Pierce 
 John Schick, jr. 
 Frank Seislove 
 Charles Schlicher 
 Paul Schantz 
 Paul Tilton 
 Thaddeus Weaver 
 
 no men 
 
 Edwin Seisslove 
 William Sassaman 
 Herbert Trumbauer 
 George Hersch 
 
Elmer Aniey 
 Oscar NeflF 
 Oliver E. Miller 
 Edward Rose 
 Morris Knauss 
 *Oscar Keinert 
 Barney McNulty 
 John Wetherhold 
 Robert Ouinn 
 William Hering 
 Frank Allium 
 Edwin Bernhard 
 George Hamersley 
 Edwin Keck 
 William Wittemyer 
 Edgar German 
 Martin O'Laughlin 
 Calvin Boehm 
 Harrison Burger 
 Harry Bush 
 Charles Chubbuck 
 Michael Connolly 
 Horace Dennis 
 Charles Draper 
 Ira T. Eudy 
 Patrick Gallagher 
 Richard Moeder 
 George Wieder 
 Harry Dietrich 
 Wellington Koch 
 John Roberts 
 John Potts 
 Oswald A. Yehl 
 
 Joseph Boehmer 
 Harry Burger 
 Herbert Boorse 
 Wm. Collins 
 Ira Danner 
 Isaiah Dennis 
 Alvin Eitner 
 Dallas Frankenfield 
 Irwin Gaugler 
 John Hartzell 
 Harry Heist 
 Charles Hertzog 
 John Home 
 Edward Jacoby 
 Walter Kleekner 
 Lewis Krick 
 Charles Lester 
 Daniel McCoanaghy 
 Charles Miller 
 Edwin Mosser 
 Edward Nagle 
 Henry Nonnemacher 
 Lewis Oswald 
 Franklin Ott 
 Riles Raub 
 George Ruhmel 
 Lewis Schaffer 
 Oliver Schmuk 
 John Scott 
 Harry Sensebach 
 John Smith 
 Robert Steinmetz 
 Harvey E. Ziegler 
 
 Lewis Hildebrand 
 Elmer Hoflort 
 Edwin Keiper 
 Henry Kressley 
 Elmer Kuhns 
 Robert Lucas 
 Patrick Mahon 
 Harvey Miller 
 Harry Moyer 
 Allen Neff 
 Fred Oberholzer 
 Harry Oberly 
 Reefe Raub 
 Calvin Reitz 
 Harve}- J. Saul 
 William Scheirer 
 *George Schwartz 
 Leonard Sefing 
 Jeremiah Sim.ons 
 Henry Steinbicker 
 George Stevens 
 William Schell 
 Joseph Troxell 
 "ChafTes^ W a g n er 
 Edward Wagner 
 Harry A. Weaver 
 William Weinsbeger 
 Herbert A. Warg 
 Joseph C. Berwick 
 Adam B. Weaver 
 Harry Wetherhold 
 William M. Wieand 
 
 no men 
 
 Boas Hausman 
 James Roxberry 
 Jefferson Mosser 
 Edward Reichard 
 Ray Tice 
 Paul Ellenbogen 
 S. Marsh 
 Preston Fritz 
 Warren Boyer 
 
 The following served in other companies. 
 
 Frank Beisel 
 Jacob Nixon 
 William Baines 
 
 Warren Heimbach 
 Edward Malburg 
 Jerry Newhard 
 William Wetzel 
 William Fry 
 William Walker 
 Allen Hiskey 
 Oliver Diehl 
 Will Hoxworth 
 
 G. W. C. Snyder 
 Arthur Yocom 
 F^rank Reese 
 Lewis Baker 
 Charles Osmun 
 William S. Roth 
 
 27 men 
 
99 
 
 HISTORY OF OUR FLAG. 
 
 Mrs. Betsy Ross, of Philadelphia, made Ihe first National flag. Congress 
 had passed a resolution June 14, 1777 that the flag should consist of thirteen 
 stripes, alternate white and red and thirteen white stars on a blue field. The 
 flags of the navy are the following : A distinctive blue flag with four white stars 
 more at the top of the main mast, represents the highest naval officer and com- 
 mander of the ship or squadron, namely an Admiral. A blue flag with three 
 white stars on the top of the mizzen mast, is a Vice Admiral's flag. A blue flag 
 with two white stars is a rear Admiral's flag. A broad blue pennant with one 
 white star is a Commodore's flag. A red flag hoisted at the foremost signifies 
 danger, powder being taken on board. 
 
 A yellow flag is the flag for quarantine. A flag of truce is a white one. 
 To lower or strike the flag means to pull it down or take it in, out of respect or 
 submission. Sign of yielding. The sign of mourning is to hoist the flag at half 
 of two-thirds of the hight of the most of vessels, on land at one-half of the staff. 
 The stars had at first eight points. Paul Jones' flag displayed on the 
 Serapsis in 1779 at Texel, had eight pointed stars and the stripes were red, 
 white and blue. 
 
 The French navy first saluted the American flag February 14, 1778, 
 The first naval engagement under the American flag was between the American 
 ship Raugu and the E;ngli.'^h ship Drake, the latter being captured, April 24, 
 1778. Captain John Rathburne, first unfurled the flag over a foreign country, 
 when he captured Fort Nassau, New Providence Islands, February 6, 1778. The 
 ship Bedford, first displayed the flag in British port (London). The flag that 
 carried us through the war of 1812, consisted of fifteen stars and fifteen stripes. 
 Elken Appleton, Yonkers, New York, has the flag in his possession that waved 
 over Fort IMcHenry, when Francis S. Key was detained on board the British 
 warship during the bombardment, wrote the Star Spangled Banner. Captain S. 
 C. Ried, suggested that the flag should consist of thirteen stripes and a star for 
 each State admitted. April 4, 1818. The present flag was fixed. A new star is 
 added on the admission of every State, on July 4 next, succeeding such admission. 
 
 The Revenue flag, at first consisted of 16 perpendicular stripes and the 
 Union bore the Armies of the United States, in blue on white field, first authori- 
 zed in 1799, changed in 1871 to 13 blue stars, on a white field. Flags at half 
 mast are signs of National mourning. When the Union is turned down it is a 
 sign of distress. Dipping the flag is hauling it down a few feet and then runing 
 it up again Salutes are made by dipping the flag. In the Navy when the flag 
 is hoisted at "colors" or halted down at sunset, the officers and men are re- 
 quested to salute the same. 
 
 1775 the Virginia Militia bore a banner with the devices of a rattle snake 
 and the injunction of "Don't tread on me," and Patrick Henry's words "Liberty 
 or death." Massachusetts flag in the Revolutionary war bore the emblem of a 
 "Pine Tree" and the words. "An Appeal to Heaven." Colonel Moultrie's at 
 Fort Sullivan 1776 was blue in color, with white or silver cresent in the right 
 hand corner and the word "Liberty." 
 
 The Stars of white on a blue field represent our National constellation. 
 The stripes the thirteen original colonies. White stands for purity, red for valor 
 blue for justice. The only banner that upholds and proclaims liberty to all. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 Post Offices, Attorneys, Physici&.ns, Etc« 
 
 POST OFFICES. 
 
 *Alburtis 
 
 fAllentown (c h) 
 
 Balliettsville 
 
 Best 
 
 ^Breinigsville 
 
 fCatasauqua 
 
 tCementon 
 
 *Centre Valley 
 
 Cetronia 
 
 Claussville 
 
 *Coopersburg 
 
 *Coplay 
 
 Corning 
 
 Dillinger 
 
 Dillingersville 
 
 East Texas 
 
 Eckert 
 
 *Egypt 
 
 *Emaus 
 
 Emerald 
 
 *Fogelsville 
 
 *Friedensville 
 
 *Fullerton 
 
 Germansville 
 
 Guth's Station 
 
 Haafsville 
 
 HofFman's 
 
 *Hokendauqua 
 
 Hosensack 
 
 Hynemansville 
 
 Iron ton 
 
 Jacksonville 
 
 Jordan 
 
 Jordan Valley 
 
 Lanark 
 
 *Laury's Station 
 
 Lehigh Furnace 
 
 Linieport 
 
 Litzenberg 
 
 Locust Valley 
 
 Lowhill 
 
 Lynnport 
 
 Lynnville 
 
 Lyon Valley 
 
 *Macungie 
 
 Minesite 
 
 Minnich 
 
 Mosserville 
 
 Neffs 
 
 Newhard 
 
 New Tripoli 
 
 Old Zionsville 
 
 Orefield 
 
 *Plover 
 
 Powder Valley 
 
 Ringers 
 
 Risingsun 
 
 Rittersville 
 
 Rockdale 
 
 Saegersv^ille 
 
 Saucona 
 
 Schaadt's 
 
 Scheidy 
 
 Schnecksville 
 
 Seiberlingsville 
 
 Seipstown 
 
 Sliimerville 
 
 Schoenersville 
 
 Sigmund 
 
 *Slatedale 
 
 fSlatington 
 
 Standard 
 
 Steinville 
 
 Stettlersville 
 
 Steins Corner 
 
 Sweitzer 
 
 *Trexlertown 
 
 Vera Cruz 
 
 Walberts 
 
 Wannamaker 
 
 Weidasville 
 
 Weiseuberg 
 
 Werley's Corner 
 
 Wescoesville 
 
 Zionsville 
 
 *Money Order Offices, f International Money Orrfer Offices. c h Court House'. 
 
ATTORNEYS. 
 
 Henfy Wilson 
 John Ewing 
 Charles Davis 
 Samuel Runk 
 John S. Gibbons 
 John Wurtz 
 John McFarland 
 Samuel Bridges 
 Jesse Griffith 
 Augustus r\ Boas 
 Robert Wright 
 John Stiles 
 Nathan Miller 
 Robert S. Brown 
 Frederick Heller 
 Henry King 
 John Evans 
 John D. Roney 
 Henry Jarrett 
 Andrew L. King 
 Silas Hickox 
 John Hornbeck 
 Phaon Jarrett 
 Peter Wickoff 
 H. C. Longecker 
 William P. Miller 
 S. E. Buzzard 
 Charles M. Runk 
 Charles Cooper 
 James S. Reese 
 J. Depuy Davis 
 Edmund Moore 
 Elisha Forrest 
 W. S. Marx 
 Henry Bonsall 
 Gilbert G. Gibbons 
 James R. Struthers 
 Adam Woolever 
 Uriah Brunner 
 John Oliver 
 William Ainey 
 George Schall 
 H. Schwartz 
 A. B. Schwartz 
 R. Clay Hannnersly 
 Arnold C. Lewis 
 Robert S. Leyburn 
 Henry A. Bigler 
 A. Leyburn 
 Evan Holben 
 
 \Vm. H. Sowden 
 John Rupp 
 Edward Harvey 
 Levi Schmoyer 
 Wm. H. Deschler 
 Henry S. Floyd 
 C. J. Erdman 
 Eli G. Schwartz 
 David Roper 
 H. C. Hunsberger 
 Wm. Glace 
 Samuel A. Butz 
 W. D. Luckenbach 
 George H. Rupp 
 R. E. Wright 
 James S. Biery 
 Joseph Hunter 
 Wm. S. Young 
 J . Winslow Wood 
 M. L. KaufFman 
 George K. Wilson 
 James B. Deschler 
 E. A. Muhlenberg 
 E. A. Lochman 
 Harry F. Kramer 
 W^m. P. Snyder 
 J. M. McClure 
 Willis Forrest 
 Nathanial M. Orr 
 Oscar E. Hollman 
 M. C. L.Kline 
 John M. Kessler 
 M. G. Henninger 
 W. H. Muschlitz 
 Edwin Stine 
 A. G. Dewalt 
 Thomas Foley 
 R. A. B. Hausman 
 Henry Rose 
 Albert Erdman 
 James Schaadt 
 A. B. Longaker 
 Charles Runk 
 Harry Stiles 
 J. L. Marsteller 
 W. Lichtenwalner 
 Allen Focht 
 Morris Hoats 
 John Ulrich 
 S. S. Dufly 
 
 F. G. W. Runk 
 
 Philip McNulty 
 
 T. F. Diefenderfer 
 
 F. M. Trexler 
 
 E. F. Schoch 
 
 Henry O'Neill 
 
 A. P. Crilly 
 
 E. H. Renninger 
 
 H. A. Weller 
 
 Enos Erdman 
 
 M. E. Schaadt 
 
 Jonas Kline 
 
 E. F". Lichtenwalner 
 
 Norton Marti a 
 
 D. R. Home 
 Clinton Groman 
 Oscar Stein 
 
 E. E. Butz 
 
 F. T. L. Keiter 
 A, L. Biery 
 Austin Glick 
 A. N. Ulrich 
 Wilson Mohr 
 J.J. Snyder 
 
 A. H. Sieger 
 Frank Jacobs 
 Reuben Butz 
 Samuel Kistler 
 John Schwartz 
 Robert Schiflfert 
 Ralph Metzgar 
 Calvin Arner 
 Leo Wise 
 CD. Thomas 
 Francis Lewis 
 George Lutz 
 H. Cyphers 
 Robert Taylor 
 James Bowen 
 J. T. Schantz 
 Frederick Wittman 
 Joseph Stofflet 
 Malcolm Gross 
 Max Erdman 
 Joseph Slough 
 O. R. Leidy 
 George Spang 
 Marcus Hottenstein 
 Ira Erdman 
 John Diefenderfer 
 
Edwin Albright 
 Jacob S. Dillinger 
 Thomas B. Metzgar 
 F. A. R. Baldwin 
 Mahlon Biery 
 
 J. D. Christman 
 John Kocher 
 Thomas Martin 
 P. E. Stem 
 James Graver 
 Henry Saj'lor 
 John Hendricks 
 Josiah Kern 
 Solomon Bernd 
 Abraham Fetherolf 
 Samuel Young 
 Eugene Dickenshied 
 D. Fritch 
 William Herbst 
 Charles Keim 
 John Romig 
 Frank Schlough 
 William Erdman 
 M. E. Hornbeck 
 Henrj' Riegel 
 William Schlough 
 S. C. D. Fogel 
 Henry Helfrich 
 William Hassler 
 Thomas Cooper 
 J. A. Fetherolf 
 F. W. Quig 
 Henry Grim 
 W. Kistler 
 Philip Palm 
 Aaron Miller 
 Edwin Martin 
 Wilson Berlin 
 Constantine Martin 
 Robert Young 
 Harvey Horn 
 George Romig 
 N. T. Hallman 
 W. J. Lochman 
 Peter Meyer 
 Frank Erdman 
 William Romig 
 John Helfrich 
 Albert Erdman 
 William Romig 
 
 W. LaMonte Gillette 
 Henry German 
 Thomas Gross 
 Wm. Stein 
 J. M. Wright 
 
 PHYSICIANS 
 
 Josiah Koch 
 Fred Seiberling 
 Daniel Shade 
 Francis Frietag 
 John Dickenshied 
 E. S. Beaver 
 L. B. Balliet 
 Wilson Kistler 
 
 E. G. Steinmetz 
 Jeremiah Bowers 
 H. T. Trumbauer 
 Nathaniel Ritter 
 
 F. M. Laubach 
 W. E. Loyd 
 James Cole 
 Roger Hunt 
 Palm Helfrich 
 Thomas Scherer 
 W. Hamersly 
 William Rentzheimer 
 Abraham Kistler 
 Agnes Schlough 
 
 B. P. Backus 
 John Brobst 
 Harvey Bean 
 Charles Brobst 
 Augustus Bancroft 
 Louis Berkemeyer 
 Oscar Blank 
 Cornelius Bartholomew 
 A. J. Becker 
 Elmer Bruch 
 William Brader 
 Albert Bittner 
 Joseph Blank 
 Alfred Barrall 
 Robert Blaksley 
 
 G. T. Fox 
 Jacob Feisel 
 Gerhard Frick 
 Robert Frey 
 Harry Feller 
 Ambrose Gery 
 Wiiliam Garvin 
 Frank Garis 
 
 Jacob Erdman 
 Victor Tice 
 George Aubrey 
 
 John A. Roth 
 William A. Riegel 
 Albert Sovereen 
 Oscar E. Schaeffer 
 Edward Sell 
 William Schantz 
 Augustus Soper 
 Charles Schaeffer 
 Peter Steltz 
 Daniel Shade 
 Harvey Snyder 
 Charles Seler 
 W. O. Smith 
 Harry Snyder 
 George Seiberling 
 John Siggins 
 Samuel Swavely 
 Peter Bleiler 
 Morris F. Cawley 
 Anna C. Clarke 
 Charles Dare 
 Henry Dunnell 
 William Estes 
 Horace Erb 
 William Eschbach 
 Edwin Eshleman 
 John Egge 
 Roger Hunt 
 John A. Helfrich 
 A. H. Howard 
 William Hertzog 
 George Haas 
 Henry Herbst 
 Irvin F. Huff 
 Franklin Holben 
 Emanuel Howerter 
 A. Eugene Heimbach 
 Mattie Hassler 
 John Trumbauer 
 Dallas Trumbauer 
 A. Trumbauer 
 Peter Wickert 
 Joseph Weller 
 Samuel Weam 
 Charles Weida 
 
Alfred Martin 
 Daniel Yoder 
 Monroe Holben 
 S. A. Apple 
 John Laross. 
 Robert King 
 M. J. Kline 
 Thomas Nagle 
 Charles Martin 
 Charles D. Martin 
 John Trumbauer 
 Jacob Miller 
 Eugene Mobr 
 John Diller 
 Thomas Strasser 
 Louis Collins 
 
 D. W. Follweiler 
 
 E. L. Reichard 
 Ralph Sovvden 
 Orlando Fegley 
 Charles Apple 
 William Hartzell 
 Charles Meyer 
 Mahlon Hill 
 Tilghman Koons 
 Daniel Hiestand 
 Francis Ritter 
 Albert Miller 
 Joshua Seiberling 
 Henry Clemens 
 Edwin Miller 
 
 J. D. Erdnian 
 
 James Pelles 
 
 \\ el come Powell 
 
 E. A. Gearhart 
 Edward Grewer 
 
 Nathaniel Guth 
 William Hacker 
 C. L. Johnstonbaugh 
 Edwin Kirkpatrick 
 Alvin Kern 
 John Kressly 
 Bertram Klotz 
 Eugene Kistler 
 Nelson Kistler 
 Edgar Klotz 
 Isaac I. Kalbach 
 Morgan Kern 
 Frank Kessler 
 Jesse Kistler 
 John A. Laros 
 
 F. M. Laubach 
 E. Longshore^ 
 Henry Leh 
 James Lowright 
 John Lehr 
 Andrew Lieb 
 William Laros 
 Walter Levan 
 Charles A. Moyer 
 Miles MacLaggart 
 Howard Mickley 
 Jason Moore 
 John Mack 
 Thomas Nagle 
 Nathaniel Peter 
 Henry Riegel 
 Franklin Scheirer 
 
 David Williams 
 John Williams 
 Mitchell Walter 
 Henry T. Wickert 
 Martin Yost 
 Norton Yeager 
 Alfred Yost 
 Nathan Ziegenfuss 
 Roderick Albright 
 M. J. Backenstoe 
 E. M. Bingaman 
 John S. Behm 
 John N. Bauer 
 Jacob T. Butz 
 Henry Carmichael 
 Leo F. Elsion, 
 Howard Fehr 
 Robert Fly 
 Irvin Heubner 
 James Hornbeck 
 George Hubbell 
 William Hertz 
 Henry Keim 
 Allan Kisner 
 Palmer Kress 
 George Krauss 
 LeRoy Lechner 
 George Lazarus 
 H. A. Litzenberger 
 Wallace Lowright 
 E. S. Mantz 
 R. C. Peters 
 Robert Strasser 
 H. T. Wickert 
 
 *Joseph Dubbs R 
 
 *N. S. Strassburger R 
 
 *A. J. G. Dubbs R 
 
 *Williah Helfrich R 
 
 Eli Keller R 
 
 J.J. Fogel R 
 
 A. R. Bartholomew R 
 
 J. Dubbs R 
 
 *W. H. Richards L 
 
 *Joshua Yeager L 
 
 *S. K. Brobst L 
 
 *J. Schindel L 
 
 *W. H. Rath L 
 
 T. L. Seip L 
 
 J. D. Schindel L 
 
 EMINENT DIVINES. 
 
 Wm. Wackeruagel L 
 
 C.J. Cooper L 
 
 * J. Wood P 
 
 W. H. Heil U E 
 
 C.K. Fehr E 
 
 J. C. Bleim E 
 
 A. R. Home L 
 
 J. A. Little P 
 
 M. C. Peters R 
 
 *W. R. Hufford R 
 
 T. J. F. Schantz L 
 
 J. B. Rath L 
 
 S. G. Wagner R 
 
 *Jacob VanBuskirk R 
 
 *W. G. Mennig L 
 
 *Abraham Blumer R 
 R. Lichtenwalner U. E. 
 B. J. Schmoyer U. E. 
 R. Kline P E. 
 Thomas Bowman E. 
 ^Richard Walker P 
 ^Cornelius Earl P 
 *Jeremiah Schindel L 
 *J. C. Becker R 
 *John Helfrich R 
 J. D. Acker U. E. 
 J. D. WoodringU. E. 
 E. S. Woodring U. E. 
 J. A. Brunner U. E. 
 J. Shirey U. E. 
 
I04 
 
 *J. Daniel Gross R 
 
 H. J. GlickU. E. 
 
 S. A. Repass L 
 G. A. Geiss L 
 
 ^Deceased. R. Reformed, L. Lutheran, P. Presbyterian, U. 
 Evangelical, E. Evangelical Association, P. E. Protestant Episcopal. 
 
 TEACHERS. 
 
 E. United 
 
 Teachers that were granted Permanent Certificates from 1868 to 1901. 
 
 R. K. Buehrle 
 
 R. Clay Hammersley 
 
 F. W. Siegfried 
 
 F. G. Bernd 
 J. O. Knauss 
 
 G. W. Brinker 
 E. D. Rhoads 
 Anna M. Smith 
 Katie M. Smith 
 George P. Bates 
 
 E. J. Haines 
 
 A. E. Reichard 
 William K. Derr 
 Henry G. Paff 
 Samuel C. Lee 
 
 B. C. Snyder 
 R. A. Little 
 
 A. F. K. Krout 
 J. Jacoby 
 Rebecca Sigley 
 Edwin Breder 
 Charlotte Bear 
 Cecelia Wonderly 
 
 F, S. Hartzell 
 Owen R . Wilt 
 Wm. T. Morris 
 William Albright 
 Joel P. Geiger 
 Theodore Smith 
 Edward Hermany 
 Wm. R. Henninger 
 Edwin Heilman 
 George Kunkel 
 
 E. A. Troxell 
 
 E. J. Young 
 
 F. B. Heller 
 Mrs. C. Stoneback 
 M. N. Bernhard 
 Lewis P. Hecker 
 
 B. F. Abbott 
 L. B. Landis 
 R. Kramm 
 Ella T. Gabriel 
 Annie Schwartz 
 
 Alvin Rupp 
 F. D. Raub 
 M. Cawley 
 P. B. Oswald 
 Laura E. Busse 
 J. George Kerschner 
 C. Rhoads 
 Solomon Rupp 
 Henry Rupp 
 H . Rosenberger 
 H. S. Schell 
 Sarah J. McTntyre 
 M. Lizzie vSteltz 
 Margaret Sykes 
 Wm. S. Erney 
 
 E. A. Nunnenmacher 
 I. A. Conrad 
 
 A. R. Ritter 
 O. J. Heilman 
 Mary M. Craig 
 Hannah Davis 
 J. J. Hauser 
 George Kilpatrick 
 Henry D. Andreas 
 P. J. Lantz 
 Anna Goth 
 
 F. A. McCafferty 
 M. V. Cafferty 
 James F. Guth 
 P. B. Nuss 
 Maggie Roberts 
 Chester A. Frantz 
 N. N. Benfield 
 
 E. R. Hottle 
 Carrie Koons 
 Clinton N. Bauder 
 W. Nunnenmaker 
 W. B. Neumoyer 
 W. O. Lichtenwalner 
 S. K. Wetzel 
 O. P. Leh 
 Samuel Kern 
 Maurice Schmale 
 H. W. Stephen 
 
 J. W. Gernert 
 W. E. Hoffman 
 Annie Conaghan 
 C. S. Kunkel 
 Henry Kistler 
 Carrie Wotring 
 Lizzie Overfield 
 Annie Kistler 
 W. G. Gehman 
 Jennie Wieder 
 A. L. Christman 
 Wilson Rex 
 Frank Beary 
 Belle Fulton 
 Alonzo Hittle 
 Sallie Heckrote 
 George Haas 
 Wm, Heilman 
 S. E. Heilman 
 Alice Kern 
 Elmer Kistler 
 Tillie Mann 
 Jane Reichard 
 John Ritter 
 Mary Roth 
 Orville Ritter 
 Lewis Snyder 
 Lillie Warmkessel 
 Mary Weaver 
 Emma Weida 
 Margaret Home 
 Mamie Diehl 
 Aaron Greenwald 
 Blanche Hallman 
 Laura Mull 
 H.J. Schaller 
 S. F. Gehringer 
 George Ross 
 Alice E. Ay res 
 I. H. Bartholomew 
 Robert Norgang 
 Minnie Blank 
 Mary Daubert 
 Hattie Dreifoos 
 
I05 
 
 Lewis Jacoby 
 A N.Ulrich 
 Peter A. Lantz 
 Frank J. Stettler 
 Clara A. Unger 
 E.J. Young 
 Wm. Knauss 
 J. Winter Rogers 
 L. J. Basse 
 M. R. ShafTer 
 J. Muschlitz 
 
 A. G. Romig 
 Annie Haas 
 A. J. Herber 
 R. D. Wotring 
 Katie Lees 
 Amanda Funk 
 D. W, Benedict 
 Sarah McHenry 
 R. McMonagle 
 T. F. Frederick 
 
 Gertrude Keiper 
 Lottie Smith 
 E. Jane Sykes 
 Joseph Brunner 
 S. C. Schmoyer 
 Charles Ott 
 W. A. Henry 
 Elsie Bittner 
 Elsie Engle 
 Sallie Hartman 
 
 Population of Pennsylva^nia from 1790 to 1900. 
 
 1790. 434.373 ; 
 
 1800, 602,365 ; 
 1870, 3,521,951 
 
 1810, 810,091 ; 
 1820, 1,047,507 ; 
 1880, 4,282,821 ; 
 
 1830, 1,458, 233; 
 1840, 1,724,033 ; 
 1890, 5,258,014 ; 
 
 1850, 2,311,786 
 i860, 2,906,215 ; 
 1900, 6,302,615. 
 
 Population of Lehigh County from 1820 to 19OO. 
 
 1820, 18,895 ; 1830, 22,256; an increase of 3,361 ; increase per cent, of 
 17.7; 1840, 25,787; an increase of 3,531; increase per cent, of 11. 3; 1850, 
 32,479, an increase of 6,692 ; increase per cent, of 25.9 ; i860, 43,753 ; an increase 
 of 11,271 ; increase per cent, of 34.7 ; 1870, 56,796 ; an increase of 13,043 ; increase 
 per cent, of 29.8 ; 1880, 65,969 ; an increase of 9,173 ; per cent, of 16. i ; 1890, 
 76,631 ; an increase of 10,662 ; increase per cent, of 16. i ; 1890, 93,893 ; an increase 
 of 17,162 ; increase per cent, of 22.5. 
 
io6 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 EARLY CHURCHES AND SETTLERS. 
 
 Mennonite Congregation was founded in 1735, is between Old^'Zicnsville 
 and Zionsville and among the first members of the congregation were : 
 
 John Stahl 
 Derrick Jensen 
 Conrad Staunn 
 Henrj- Schleiffer 
 George Weiss 
 John StaufFer 
 Abraham Meyer 
 Ulrich Bassler 
 Jacob Hiestand 
 
 Daniel Stauffer 
 John Meyer 
 John Gehman 
 Peter Meyer 
 Henry Funk 
 Michael Meyer 
 Philip Geissinger 
 Christian Musselnian 
 Rudolph Weiss 
 
 Barbara Stauffer 
 John Schantz 
 Sarah Meyer 
 Catharine Stauffer 
 Daniel Greter 
 Christian Oberholtzer 
 Elizabeth Stauffer 
 Henry Fretz 
 Anna Meyer 
 
 Great Swamp Church, was founded between the years 1725 and 1730, 
 belongs to the Reformed Church. Among the members of the congregation were : 
 
 Francis Rus 
 Ulrich Rieser 
 Ludwig Bitting 
 
 A. Diefenderfer 
 Peter Lynn 
 
 J. Schmidt 
 Christian Miller 
 N. Miller 
 
 B. Weiss 
 N. Kindig 
 David Traub 
 Andreas Graber 
 John R. Kitweiler 
 Ulrich Spinner 
 Barbara Rilser 
 Moria C. Klein 
 Jacob Witmer 
 Annie M. Hillegass 
 Jacob Eberhard 
 Philip Eberhard 
 John Hillegass 
 
 M. Hillegass 
 George Klein 
 
 Elizabeth Rieser 
 Christian Willauer 
 Catharine Rieser 
 Jacob Dubbs 
 Jacob Wetzel 
 Jacob Wetzel, jr 
 N. Kessler 
 Felix Brunner 
 J. Buskirk 
 Joseph Eberhard 
 Michael Eberhard 
 Joseph Eberhard, jr 
 Michael Eberhard, jr 
 Ulrich Spinner 
 J. Bleyler 
 Alsop Heger 
 N. Hick 
 J. Huber 
 Abraham Kraft 
 Henry Huber 
 Jacob Huber 
 Rudy Huber 
 A. Huber 
 
 N. Willauer 
 John Huber, sr. 
 John Huber, jr. 
 Philip Boehm 
 Valentine Kaiser 
 Daniel Kocker 
 N. Huber 
 J. G. Titlow 
 E. Dubbs, (Schwenk; 
 Catharine Spinner 
 John G. Ruch 
 Eva Harlacher 
 Anna M. Ruch 
 John Rieser 
 Anna M. Eberhard 
 Sybilla Rieser 
 Daniel Dubbs 
 Casper Rieser 
 George Mumbauer 
 Eva Rieser 
 John P. Mumbauer 
 Henry Mumbauer 
 Philip Ball 
 
I07 
 
 Rudy Frick John Blyler 
 
 Abraham Titlow Conrad Schmidt 
 
 J. Nic Mannbauer John Dubbs 
 
 Saul Sampsel Anna B. Blyler 
 
 Andrew Rieser 
 Rev. John Henry Goetschius, was the first Pastor. 
 
 Chestnut Hill Church was founded in 1757. Among the members of the 
 congregation that established the church were the following : 
 
 David Spinner 
 Elizabeth Mumbauer 
 Catharine Eberhard 
 George Harlacher 
 John Dubbs 
 
 George Olewein 
 Yost Olewein 
 Jacob Smith 
 Martin Schwenk 
 Jacob Bilthaus 
 
 Christopher Heller 
 Nicholas Franz 
 George Wei den 
 Peter Kurtz 
 Jacob Huber 
 
 John Gottwalt 
 John Schumacher 
 Christian Miller 
 Peter Schlosser 
 Peter Long 
 Andrew Engleman 
 
 Frederick Dellicker 
 
 and 
 
 First Reformed pastors known were Rev. 
 Casper Mack. 
 
 Nain, an Indian village, was situated in Hanover township, Lehigh 
 county, two miles northwest of Bethlehem and one mile east of Rittersville, on 
 what was formerlj' Geissinger's farm, later known as the Mack farm, was 
 founded as a home for converted Indians and was their home for five years from 
 1757 to 1762. 
 
 Shoenersville church was organized in 1780 by Rev. John Faust, the first 
 Lutheran minister and Rev. Gross, the first Reformed minister. There were 
 twenty -four communicants at the organization of the church. The first church 
 built in 17S0 was a log building which was replaced in 1819 by a stone structure, 
 and in 1872 by the present church. 
 
 Schwenkfelders were among the first settlers in the lower part of the 
 county, at Hosensack where the following settlers lived and are buried : 
 
 Abraham Kriebel 
 Jeremiah Yeakel 
 George Yeakel 
 Baltzer Yeakel 
 Melchoir Yeakel 
 Casper Yeakel 
 Jacob Seibert 
 
 Baltzer Schultz 
 Jeremiah Krauss 
 Peter Gerhard 
 Barbara Gerhard 
 Susanna Yeakel 
 Anna Yeakel 
 Casper Yeakel 
 
 Rosina Yeakel 
 David Krauss 
 Andrew Schultz 
 Maria Homiller 
 Melchior Schubert 
 Anna Schubert 
 Anna Krauss 
 
 Rev. George Kriebel was the first pastor of the congregation at Hosen- 
 sack. The congregation at Krauseville was founded in 1772 upon land formerly 
 owned by George Schumacher, in 1734, who sold it to Baltzer Krauss, Sr., in 
 1749 and he sold it to his son Baltzer Krauss, Jr., in 1772, who deeded it to the 
 trustees of the congregation, who used it for a cemetery and erected thereon a 
 church in 1815. The following were among the members of the congregation : 
 
 John Krauss 
 Andrew Krauss 
 George Krauss 
 Jacob Kreibel 
 George Schultz 
 Samuel Schultz 
 t)avid Yeakel 
 
 Charles Yeakel 
 Christopher Neuman 
 Jacob Gerhard 
 Jeremiah Meschter 
 Christopher Yeakel 
 Casper Yeakel 
 Baltzer Krauss, sr. 
 
 Anna Andreas 
 Susanna Krauss 
 Baltzer Krauss, jr. 
 Maria Krauss 
 Rosina Hunsberger 
 Anna Kriebel 
 
io8 
 
 The Dillingersville congregation was founded in 1735 from which origin- 
 ated the Zionsville church. Among the founders of the congregation were 
 
 John Mechlin 
 Henry Dielinger 
 Martin Weitknecht 
 Michael Moser 
 Peter Wentz 
 
 Henry Reiss 
 Christian A. Guthnian 
 Jacob Busch 
 Leonard Lutz 
 
 John Post 
 Andrew Eckhard 
 Casper Ritter 
 Peter Ross 
 Matthias Ochs 
 The first pastor known was Rev. L. H. Schrenke. 
 berg visited this congregation. 
 
 The present Zionsville Lutheran Church, was founded in 1757 and 1758. 
 The pastor was Rev. Schaffer, Peter Hittle gave the land upon which the church 
 is built. Among the first members of the congregation were : 
 
 Rev. H. M. Muhlen- 
 
 Frederick Kemmerer 
 Henry Kemmerer 
 Jacob Kemmerer 
 Adam Gaummer 
 Peter Kehl 
 Balthaser Fetterman 
 Annie E. Schwartz 
 
 Cassimer Fetterman 
 
 Herman Fetterman 
 
 Jacob Stocker 
 
 Andrew Stocker 
 
 John G. Yeakel 
 
 George Huft 
 
 David Schartz 
 
 The Reformed Church at Zionsville, was founded between 1740 and 1750. 
 One of the first ministers of the Reformed Church was Rev. John Hecker. 
 Among the early members of the congregation were : 
 
 Christian Reinhard 
 Gabriel Koehler 
 Philip Flexer 
 Jacob Rum f eld 
 Anna C. Derrin 
 John Fisher 
 
 Anna C. Reiss 
 Anthon Stabler 
 John Ortt 
 Nicholas Schwartz 
 John Metzer 
 Matthias Kem 
 Eva Kem 
 John Reiss 
 John G. Reiss 
 Apolonia Schuler 
 Anna M. Hertzog 
 Anthony Schuler 
 Philip Walter 
 Daniel Schwartz 
 
 Yost Wieand 
 Jacob Arner 
 George Reinhard 
 Adam Strickard 
 Michael Ernet 
 Philip Fisher 
 Stephen Wander 
 John Nic Seidel 
 Pet^ Arnold 
 Joes Leischel 
 George Hartzel 
 Henry Yeakel 
 Peter Merkel 
 Simon Schneider 
 
 George Derr 
 Peter Troutman 
 Michael Schuley 
 Martin Mack 
 Anna Rosina Danison 
 Christian Dahlmaunin 
 Margaritta Dielin 
 Anna C. Folk in 
 Anna B. Kercherin 
 Maria C. Flexer 
 Barbara Henserin 
 Anna M. Steininger 
 Elizabeth Metzerin 
 Ursula Spiegelsin 
 
 Early settlers of Upper Saucon township were the following : 
 
 Oiristian Newcomb 
 George Lobus 
 John Yoder 
 Christian Smith 
 Samuel Newcomb 
 Felty Staymetz 
 George Troon 
 Owen Owen 
 Thomas Owen 
 John Thomas 
 William Murray 
 Michael Narer 
 
 Adam Wanner 
 John Williams 
 John Tool 
 Joseph Samuel 
 Isaac Samuel 
 John Appel 
 Henry Kehrer 
 George Marsteller 
 Henry Rumfield 
 George Hertzel 
 Henry Hertzel 
 Christian Laubach 
 
 John Danishaus 
 Jacob Mauser 
 Frederick W^eber 
 Max Gumschafer 
 Rudolph Oberly 
 Michael Lintz 
 Joel Arnimer 
 Rudolph Illig 
 George Bachman 
 Daniel Cooper 
 Michael Landis 
 David Rinker 
 
log 
 
 Jacob Hertzel 
 Matthias Menscher 
 Dieter Kauss 
 George Freiinan 
 George Peter Knecht 
 Peter Risser 
 Paul Frantz 
 Matthias Riegel 
 
 Jacob Muschlitz 
 
 Jacob Seider 
 
 Joseph Frey 
 
 Christian Heller 
 
 George Brinker 
 John Matthias Eichner 
 Daniel Cooper 
 John George Blank 
 
 Jacob Gonner 
 
 George Bocknian 
 
 Philip Kissinger 
 
 Henry Rinehard 
 
 John Reeser 
 
 Henry Bowman 
 
 Benedic Konian 
 
 Henry Rinkard, jr. 
 
 Frederick Wittnian 
 
 They had no wagons, horses, cattle, farming implements or provisions and 
 often they had to go to the settlements on the Lehigh to get grains and other 
 necessary articles. During the French and Indian war, 1754 to 1763, many of the 
 settlers of Heidelberg and Lynn townships fled to Bethlehem and other places 
 for protection from the Indians. 
 
 Western Salisbury Church, founded in 1741. First Lutheran pastor Rev. 
 John William Straub, Rev, Daniel Schumacher, was the first Lutheran pastor after 
 the church had joined the Synod, 1753. The date 01 tl e erection of the second 
 church is not known, but the third one was built in 1819. Among the first mem- 
 bers of the congregation who lived, died and are buried at the Western Salisbury 
 Church were : 
 
 John G. Glick . Adam Dorney 
 
 Elias Weber George Keck 
 
 George H. Mertz Michael Bastian 
 
 John P. Kohler Christopher Bortz 
 
 Jacob Danner Jacob Wieand 
 
 George Bieber Henry Diefenderfer 
 
 Martin Lazarus 
 
 On Geissinger's farm is the burial place of Solomon Jennings, and his 
 wife and also 10 or 12 Revolutionary Soldiers. Saucon is an Indian word mean- 
 ing, — the valley, — where the creek has its beginning. 
 
 Northampton County was taken frAn Bucks County in 1752 and the 
 county line of Northampton was made by John Chapman, John Watson, jr., and 
 Samuel Foulke, the following counties were taken from Bucks County : North- 
 ampton, Lehigh, Monroe, Pike, Wayne, Susquehanna, Wyoming, Luzerne, 
 Lackawanna and part of Schu3lkill and Northumberland counties. 
 The early settlers of the Macungies were 
 
 George M. Brader 
 Lorentz Klein 
 Henry Kemmerer 
 Christian Schneider 
 Conrad Marck 
 Christian Andreas 
 Martin Ritter 
 
 Peter Trexler 
 Peter Walbert 
 Jeremiah Trexler 
 Joseph Albrecht 
 Jacob Wagner 
 Melchoir Schmidt 
 
 George Steininger 
 John Lichtenwaluer 
 William Meyer 
 Henry Steininger 
 Jacob Schlauch 
 
 Lorentz Schaadt 
 Bernard Schmidt 
 Frederick Romich 
 Henry Trexler 
 Peter Haas 
 
 The Lehigh Church was founded in 1745 by Rev. Philip Henry Rapp, 
 Lutheran minister. The first church was built in 1750. The first Reformed 
 minister was Rev. C. G. Herman. 
 
 Ziegel's Church was founded in 1745 and was later known as the Ma- 
 cungie Church. The first members of this congregation were the families of Carl, 
 Fenstermacher, Haas, Zimmerman, Reichard, Brauss, Schmidt, Schneider, Lynn, 
 Mayer, NefT, Bernhardt. In 1771 Adam Brauss and Jacob Grim deeded the prop- 
 erty to the congregation. 
 
Trexlertown Church was founded in 1784 by John Helfrich. 
 
 The Evangelical Association's first church within the County was organ- 
 ized in 1828 in Upper Milford township near Zionsville and the first building' was 
 erected in 1831. Bishop John Seybert was the first one to preach in these parts. 
 Rev. W. W. Orwigand Charles Hammer were the first pastors. 
 
 Among the first members were David Schubert, Christopher Schubert, 
 George Yeakel, Peter Wiest and others. 
 
 Early Settlers of the County. 
 
 Valentine Clader 
 Adam Clader 
 Jacob Clader 
 Henry Kramer 
 Mr. Hartzel 
 Mr. Hatz 
 Jacob Bast 
 Jonathan Ott 
 George Ervenreider 
 John C. Yeager 
 Henry Beitel 
 Christian Beitel 
 Charles Colver 
 Peter Kelchner 
 Henry Fatzinger 
 Michael Kelchner 
 
 Jacob Arndt 
 Andrew Martin 
 Jacob Coltner 
 Andrew Clymer 
 Henry Diehl 
 Jacob Daubenspeck 
 Tobias Eberth 
 John Eberth 
 Leonard Foot 
 Henry Francis 
 Henry Frey 
 Leonard Fahr 
 Philip Fiddler 
 Henry Frantz 
 John Feller 
 Christopher Fahr 
 Peter Frantz 
 John Frey 
 Jacob Frey 
 Francis Gilpner 
 Peter Granwall 
 Adam German 
 Henry Geiger 
 
 HANOVER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Daniel Flint 
 Joseph Albright 
 Henry Fogelman 
 Jacob Sterner 
 George Meyer 
 Nicholas Steiner 
 Anna Laubach 
 George Laubach 
 John G. Kurtz 
 Joseph Dewalt 
 Barbara Quier 
 Daniel Quier 
 Michael Reichard 
 Abraham Sterner 
 Christian Sterner 
 
 HEIDELBERG TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Nicholas Haudwerk 
 Peter Herger 
 Henry Hair 
 George Hafe 
 Martin Kooger 
 Frederick Kern 
 George Knedler 
 John Kuntz 
 John Kunkel 
 Michael Kunkel 
 John Kern 
 John Lapp 
 Robert Levers 
 Christian Lanahuer 
 John Lintz 
 Christian Langenohr 
 Jacob Mowrer 
 Jacob Moyer 
 Peter Miller 
 Peter Missimer 
 Conrad Marms 
 Felix Mantsingler 
 Peter Musgenong 
 
 John Sterner 
 Barbara Sterner 
 John Keim 
 John Kelchner 
 Jacob Keiper 
 John Keiper 
 Ludwig Keiper 
 Abraham Keiper 
 Joseph Kidd 
 John Knauss 
 Philip Kleckner 
 Jacob Hauer 
 Jonathan Hauer 
 Christian Young 
 Henry Brader 
 
 Rudolph Peter 
 Elias Painter 
 Adam Reeder 
 Peter Reege 
 John Rhoads 
 John Rockel 
 William Rex 
 Charles Ross 
 Peter Raigh 
 Michael Ramilie 
 John Ruckel 
 Peter Ruch 
 Jacob Reedy 
 John Rumple 
 Conrad Reedy 
 Henry Reinhart 
 Andrew Shitler 
 Frederick Schneider 
 Melchior Schultz 
 Daniel Schneider 
 George Siegler 
 Lawrence Simon 
 William Silfoose 
 
Francis Giltner 
 Frederick Giltner 
 Jacob Giltner 
 Joseph Garber 
 Henry Hauser 
 Henry Hoflfman 
 Michael Hevener 
 Michael Hiskey 
 John Handwerk 
 Elizabeth Hoffman 
 
 Heidelberg Church 
 
 Jacob Peter 
 Casper Peter 
 William Peter 
 John Hunsicker 
 Jacob Mayer 
 David Gisi 
 Conrad Wirtz 
 Frederick Niseli 
 Ulrich Neff 
 Henry Hoffman 
 Peter Miller 
 Henry Roeder 
 George Kruin 
 Jorg Schmaltz 
 Henry Ohl 
 Jacob Reidy 
 Michael Fritzinger 
 
 Michael Avers 
 Peter Boll 
 
 Valentine Bermerhoff 
 Martin Buchman 
 John Bear 
 Adam Kline 
 John Correll 
 Peter Derr 
 Peter Doutface 
 Michael Dieber 
 Andrew Eschbach 
 ^lartin Eighler 
 George Ebenhart 
 Martin Eutert 
 Jacob Froch 
 Henry Fuerbach 
 
 Lowhill Church, 
 
 Jacob Bachman, jr 
 Jort George 
 Nicholas Mauserbach 
 
 Conrad Miller 
 George Meal 
 Ulrich Neff 
 Ulrich Henry Neff 
 Henry Oswald 
 Michael Ohl 
 Henry Ohl 
 Henry Polinger 
 Charles Pennington 
 Jacob Peter 
 
 was organized in 1740. 
 
 Ulrich Sensinger 
 Jorch Recks 
 Peter Handwerk 
 John Krauss 
 Michael Mosser 
 Daniel Burger 
 Nickel Klein 
 Henry Oswald 
 Adam Winsch 
 Leonard Mayer 
 Andreas Schissler 
 Frederick Schneider 
 Jonas Matzinger 
 Rudolph Peter 
 Philip Wanghenian 
 John Weaver 
 Simon Weho 
 
 LOWHILL TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Peter Frantz 
 Philip Fenstermacher 
 Henry Hauser 
 Christian Hoffman 
 John Hartman 
 Jacob Horner 
 Michael Kimbell 
 Philip Kerger 
 George Kint 
 John Klotz 
 Henry Krellon 
 Jacob Klotz 
 Michael Mosser 
 Peter Neider 
 George Oldwine 
 
 was organized in 1769. 
 
 Andreas Eschbach 
 John Hartman 
 John George 
 
 George Lind 
 Teeter Seidler 
 Christian Smith 
 Christian Schmidt 
 Henry Smith 
 Frederick Snyder 
 Philip Lehr 
 Jacob Traubespeck 
 George Welger 
 Jacob Weaver 
 
 First members were 
 
 Peter Woodring 
 Casper W^eaver 
 Leonard Wassen 
 John Yeager 
 George Ziegler/ 
 Henry Kistler 
 Philip Hess 
 Solomon Walter 
 Frank Walter 
 George Newhard 
 Nickel Burger 
 Michael Ruch 
 Peter Miller 
 Jacob Schlung 
 Hans Ulrich Arndt 
 John Niessle 
 
 Jacob Riffle 
 Maudlin Robenholder 
 Andrew Rees 
 David Riffle 
 Jacob Row 
 Zachary Satler 
 Henry Shedd 
 John Christian Stahl 
 Andrew Sendell 
 Peter Sell 
 Andrew Sclizer 
 Reynard Vogdeas 
 John Wolfshurter 
 Jacob Weimer 
 John Conrad Redd 
 
 First members were 
 
 Peter Weiss 
 George George 
 Engel Thomas 
 
Jacob Bachinar, Sr. 
 Nicholas Bachinan 
 Christopher Kiiorr 
 Henry Kempfer 
 Peter Kocher 
 Paul Bachman 
 John Simon George 
 S3'lvester Holben 
 William Holben 
 Elizabeth Reichel 
 Bernhard Schneider 
 J. W. Schneider 
 
 Peter Ball 
 Abraham Knorr 
 Lorenz Bachman 
 Frederick Schneider 
 Plenry Ohl 
 Michael Deibert 
 John Teissluss 
 Cathrine Ennes 
 Christian Reiss 
 John Reinschmidt 
 William Stump 
 Nicholas Kocher 
 
 LYNN TOWN3HIP 
 
 Valentine Barontheisel Michael Miller 
 Michael Baumgardnrr Michael Moser 
 Henry Brenigh 
 
 Peter Beisel 
 Jacob Billman 
 Martin Brobst 
 Michael Buck 
 Peter Baldauf 
 Jacob Barr 
 Henry Bredich 
 Adam Clause 
 Adam Creitz 
 Gottleib Dennet 
 John Everitt 
 George Enos 
 Philip Enos 
 Philip Eberth 
 Thomas Everitt 
 Gabriel Foagher 
 John Flugh 
 Samuel Friess 
 Daniel Heister 
 George Harmony 
 Zachary Heller 
 Christian Henry 
 Abraham Kerper 
 Henry Kuntzman 
 Jacob Kistler 
 John Kistler 
 Henry King 
 Evan Long 
 Jacob Leeser 
 
 Simon Moser 
 Jacob Muntz 
 Conrad Muntz 
 Lawrence Miller 
 Christian Miller 
 Frederick Michael 
 Adam Miller 
 George Nongener 
 George Neiss 
 John Neart 
 George Oswald 
 Daniel Oswald 
 David Pillman 
 Adam Potts 
 Michael Poke 
 Henry Pedneck 
 Godfried Peatzle 
 Mathias Rhoads 
 Baltzer Redenhower 
 Henry Rubrecht 
 Job Siegfried 
 Charles Straub 
 Henry Snyder 
 Andrew Leachler 
 Nicholas Smith 
 Jacob Snyder 
 Melchoir Geer 
 Gabriel Vogel 
 Sebastian Verner 
 Martin Wydsell 
 
 Michael Brobst, Sr. 
 John A. Geiss 
 J acob Bar 
 William Schmetten 
 Jacob Musserylang 
 V^-George A. Guthekunst 
 \ Adam Duess 
 Jacob Horner 
 George Folk 
 Philip Fenstermacher 
 Mathias Schliman 
 Nicholas Impody 
 
 Philip Wert man 
 George Witzell 
 Henry Winderstein 
 Michael Wertman 
 Baltzer Yeager 
 George Zimmerman 
 George Hermany 
 Peter Hunsicker 
 Jacob Fetterolf 
 Peter Fetterolf 
 Philip Fetterolf 
 John Fetterolf 
 John Heil 
 
 Marcus Wanneniacher 
 Jacob Wanneniacher 
 Philip Wanneniacher 
 Casper Wieser 
 Sylvester Holben 
 John Holben 
 Solomon Holben 
 Bernhard Follweiler 
 Edwin Schi'z 
 Joseph Gibson 
 Christian Weber 
 George L. Schut 
 Henrj' Oswald 
 Philip Gabriel Vogel 
 Conrad Vogel 
 John Vogel 
 Valentine Schneider 
 Jacob Lynn 
 Peter Lutz 
 
 Ebenezer Church, was founded in 1740. The first members were 
 
 Peter SchoU 
 Peter Beisel 
 Mathias Schitz 
 William Mayer 
 
 Stephen Gross 
 Abraham Schellhamnier 
 Philip Schuman 
 Martin Grentler 
 
 Ehrhard Ziesloff 
 Jacob Grunewald 
 Michael Fenstermacher 
 Jacob Oswald 
 
113 
 
 Henry Widerstein 
 Bernhard Schneider 
 Aaron Hartzell 
 Jacob Hoffman 
 Jacob Lynn 
 Christian Miller 
 Joseph Gerber 
 John Schmidt 
 Burkhardt Mosser 
 INIichael Bock 
 Michael Hattinger 
 Peter Kirschner 
 
 George Moltz 
 George Hahn 
 John Lichtenwalner 
 John Kuntz 
 Abraham Yeakel 
 Hans JacobMoyer 
 Nicholas Meyer 
 Balthaser Yeakel 
 Richard Hockley 
 Richard Johnson 
 William Mohry 
 Herman Mohr 
 Philip Gabriel Vogel 
 Eqidus Grim 
 John George Guth 
 Jacob Schwartz 
 George Rupp 
 George L. Breinig 
 George Schall 
 lacob Witchner 
 
 Sylvester Holben 
 Michael Habbes 
 Adam Brentz 
 George Brenner 
 Philip Mosser 
 Philip Wertman 
 Philip Antoni 
 Martin Schuck 
 Dietrich Sittler 
 Melchoir Duer 
 Jacob Manz 
 Joseph Holder 
 
 UPPER MACUNGIE TOWNSHIP 
 
 Henry Hauss 
 Conrad Billman 
 John Kressley 
 Andreas Straub 
 Thomas Everitt 
 Henry Konig 
 George Kistler 
 Abraham Offenbach 
 Adam Arndt 
 Jacob Donatt 
 Frederick Hess 
 
 William Heintz 
 Daniel Schmoyer 
 Casper Blyler 
 Conrad Bean 
 John Baar 
 Jacob Eagner 
 Andrew Eisenhart 
 George Free 
 Nicholas Free 
 Christian Gorr 
 Jacob Hoenberger 
 George Hoffman 
 Adam Heberly 
 Leonard Heychler 
 John Jarrett 
 Edward Jarret 
 Jacob Roller 
 Philip Kebler 
 George Kebler 
 
 George Kerr 
 George Ma^ne 
 John Miller 
 Henry Nobloch 
 John Overcast 
 John Reiss 
 Andrew Reissell 
 Casper Reiss 
 Valentine Schick 
 Jacob Shoemaker 
 Jacob Strong 
 Frederick Sikes 
 Frederick Seitz 
 Philip Shearer 
 Martin Speigle 
 Peter Trexler 
 Godfried Tippendewer 
 Jacob Wagner 
 Matthias Weaver 
 
 George F. Schaffer 
 Michael Schaeffer 
 Frederick Romig 
 Adam Desh 
 Conrad Haas 
 
 LOWER MACUNGIE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Peter Butz 
 
 Joseph Albrecht 
 
 Philip Lauer 
 
 Philip Christman 
 
 Rev. Jacob VanBuskirk 
 
 Adam Singmaster 
 Peter Miller 
 Lewis Larose 
 John Y. Erdman 
 
 Lehigh Church, was founded in 1740. The first members were 
 
 Jeremiah Trexler 
 John Matthias Egner 
 M. Knappenberger 
 John P. Fetherolf 
 William Fegley 
 Daniel Schmeier 
 Frederick Seitz 
 Christian Schmeier 
 Jacob Barth 
 
 Nicholas Schmidt 
 
 Adam Moser 
 
 John Dietrich 
 
 Gaumer Matthias Steinlein 
 
 Jacob KoUer 
 
 Jacob Stephan 
 
 Philip Drescher 
 
 Stophel Miller 
 
 Christian Gorr 
 
 Andreas Eisenhard 
 Jacob Herman 
 Valentine Meckle\- 
 Michael Warnikessel 
 Bastian Druckenmiller 
 George Christ 
 George Acker 
 Michael Shiffert 
 Balzer Federman 
 
114 
 
 John Peter Klein 
 Jacob Wagner 
 Jacob Wagner 
 Jacob Danner 
 George Ruch 
 Mathias Heinli 
 George Adam Bortz 
 John Dee 
 
 Frederick Basserman 
 Philip Boehui 
 Christopher Eschbach 
 George Hoffman 
 Conrad Hertzel 
 John Kurtz 
 Benedict Needingler 
 Jacob Rickey 
 John Raun 
 William Raup 
 
 Joseph Samuels 
 Henry Brunner 
 David Owen 
 Philip Geissinger 
 John Reeser 
 Casper Wister 
 George Zervitz 
 Christian Newcomer 
 John Bush 
 Michael Cyder 
 Henry Keiber 
 Henry Taylor 
 Owen Owen 
 Christopher Hansel 
 Samuel Newcomer 
 William Murry 
 George Bachman 
 _ Henry Rum field 
 John Rothrock 
 Henry Weber 
 Conrad Walp 
 Jacob Walp 
 Andrew Walp 
 Valentine Young 
 George Marsteller 
 John Tool 
 
 Valentine Steinmetz 
 Michael Weaver 
 Benedict Camen 
 Balthauser Beil 
 John Appel 
 
 Simon Ham 
 Lorentz Schod 
 Andreas Trexler 
 Martin Boger 
 Peter Mattern 
 Emanuel Pfeiffer 
 Lorentz Kuchele 
 Matthias Ludwig 
 
 SALISBURY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 George Spahn 
 Abraham Transue 
 George Weiss 
 Solomon Jenning 
 Jacob Geissinger 
 Henry Knauss 
 Martin Ritter 
 T. Kemmerer 
 Henry Keck 
 Joseph Zimmerman 
 
 UPPER SAUCON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Richard Thomas 
 John Blackledge 
 John Yoder 
 George Strahan 
 Peter Hillegas 
 John Pugh 
 Abraham Danahower 
 John Bitz 
 
 Carl Ludwig Keiper 
 John Thomas 
 Tobias Bahl 
 Christian Meiner 
 Samuel Everhard Kopp 
 Peter Marsteller 
 Christian Rinker 
 Thomas Mayberry 
 Adam Warner 
 Rev. J. Berkenstock 
 Peter Fuchs 
 George Reinhard 
 John Miller 
 Philip Trapp 
 Andrew Wint 
 Henry Cressman 
 Peter Meesemer 
 John Ludwig 
 Erasmus Boschim 
 Frederick Derfinger 
 Daniel Smith 
 John Elfree 
 
 Jacob Schankweiler 
 Leonard Kuhns 
 Conrad Kolb 
 George Seller 
 Joseph Albrecht 
 John Weber 
 Adam Desch 
 Henry Koch 
 
 Lorenz Klein 
 Christopher Klein 
 
 Bieber 
 
 Philip Klein 
 Nicholas Uberoth 
 John Adam Euberoth 
 William Line 
 Jacob Spinner 
 Jacob Merkel 
 G. W. Moritz 
 Daniel Diehl 
 
 George Dutt 
 John Koehler 
 Anthony Boehm 
 Jacob Bachman 
 Philip Sharry 
 Valentine Sherer 
 Conrad Miller 
 Frederick Gardner 
 Matthias Egner 
 Matthias Otto 
 Jacob Gauge wre 
 Ludwig Bush 
 Adam Kurtz 
 John Philip Flexer 
 John Adam Stout 
 Cornelius Crump 
 Christian Fry 
 George Bastian 
 Jacob Kiebler 
 Adam Romich 
 Richard Thomas 
 Peter Reinhard 
 Bastian Nave 
 Tobias Paul 
 Peter Bower 
 Michael Flexer 
 Leonard Boj'delnian 
 Andrew Erdman 
 Charles L. Koch 
 John Erdman 
 
115 
 
 WEISENBERG TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Equithius Grim 
 Adam Braus 
 Peter Grim 
 Ludwig Reichard 
 Conrad NefF 
 Daniel Knauss 
 Michael Brobst 
 Jacob Greenewald 
 Daniel Stettler 
 David Xander 
 Casper Sunn 
 Berndt Rupert 
 Nicholas Beesaker 
 
 Ziegel Church, founded in 1749 
 The first members were 
 Adam Brauss 
 Ludwig Reichard 
 Bernhard Smidt 
 Nicholas Mayer 
 Peter Haas 
 
 Daniel Zollner 
 
 Philip Henn 
 
 Jacob Stein 
 
 Gottleib Ettinger 
 
 Adam Bear 
 
 Killian Leiby 
 
 John Leiby 
 
 Jacob Holben 
 
 Jacob Schumacher 
 
 John George Schumacher 
 
 Abraham Knerr 
 
 Peter Herber 
 
 Sebastian Werley 
 
 John Derr 
 
 Rev. Daniel Schumacher 
 
 George Rupp 
 
 Nicholas Gehringer 
 
 Leonard Danner 
 
 Christian Seiberling 
 
 Philip Wendel Klein 
 
 Jacob Earner 
 
 Rev. John H. Helfrich 
 
 Frederick Hyneman 
 
 Charles Hire 
 
 John Bear 
 
 Jacob Bear 
 
 Known at first as the Macungie church. 
 
 Jorch Schaffer 
 Karl Oorn 
 Urham Friebel 
 John Merkel 
 Daniel Krauss 
 Michael Hotz 
 John Hergerether 
 Equtius Grim 
 Zacharias Heller 
 Frederick Windisich 
 Adam Weber 
 George Boyer 
 
 John N. Gift 
 George Zimmerman 
 Michael Old 
 Henry Gagenbach 
 Melchior Ziegler . 
 Philip Breinig 
 Peter Heimbach 
 Bartholomew Miller 
 George Leibensperger 
 Jacob Kuntz 
 Albrecht Hummel 
 David Nuzgenug 
 Michael Confort 
 Andreas Sassamenhausen 
 George Schumacher 
 Melchior Seib 
 Henry Miller 
 
 Weisenberg Church, was founded in 1747. 
 
 Peter Herber 
 Jacob Herber 
 Peter Weiss 
 Jacob Holben 
 Theodore Kempfer 
 John Ehrenhard 
 Henry Krechloch 
 John Krechloch 
 Jacob Bachman 
 Christian Miller 
 Andreas Riess 
 John Carral 
 George Zimmerman 
 John Zerfass 
 Valentine Derr 
 Henry George 
 John George 
 
 Michael Bieber 
 Michael Bock 
 George Emery Schick 
 Andrew Sinckell 
 George Sieger 
 George Kneedler 
 George Schissler 
 Eberhard Schmidt 
 George Kind 
 John Adam Klein 
 Sebastian Werley 
 Peter Frantz 
 John DeLong 
 Jacob Heilman 
 Frederick Seiberling 
 Matthias Schnieder 
 John Dietrich Herman 
 
 John Vogel 
 Jacob Rummel 
 John Herman 
 Conrad Neff 
 John Heider 
 Adam Schmidt 
 Philip Klein 
 John Bar 
 Jacob Goho 
 Frauz Wesco 
 Yost Schlicher 
 Philip Fenstermacher 
 Jacob Acker 
 George Falk 
 Daniel Hettler 
 Jacob Weitknecht 
 John Doll 
 The first members were 
 Frederick Weigaud 
 Jacob Senser 
 Jost Diehl 
 Sebastian Gehringer 
 Michael Hallenbach 
 Peter Rabenold 
 John3Iayer 
 Peter Bahl 
 Daniel Stettler 
 John A. Giess 
 John Knerr 
 John U. Weiss 
 Christopher Frey 
 John Daniel Werley 
 Michael Thomas 
 Casper Bittner 
 Casper Hartman 
 
ii6 
 
 Adam Bar 
 Leonard Fry 
 Jacob Greenawald 
 Wendel Holben 
 Michael Broucher 
 Nicholas Kemp 
 Martin Bnchman 
 Abraham Diehl 
 
 Michael Hoffman 
 Lynford Lardner 
 Peter Troxell 
 Jacob Kohler 
 Christian Steckel 
 John Mickley 
 Adam Deschler 
 Anthony Deschler 
 David Deschler 
 Ulrich Burkhalter 
 John C. Leisenring 
 Ulrich Flickinger 
 
 Paul Balliet 
 John N. Saeger 
 Paul Gross 
 Melchior vSieger 
 John Schaad 
 George Ruch 
 John Woodring 
 Christian Bear 
 Adam Roniich 
 Jacob Graff 
 Martin Semmel 
 
 Nicholas Kern 
 Lorentz Guth 
 Casper Wister 
 
 Casper Peters 
 Henry Hoffman 
 John Rober 
 John Rachel 
 Adam Rachel 
 Jacob Rex 
 
 Wm. Fenstermacher 
 Peter Handwerk 
 Michael Wehr 
 John Kunkel 
 Michael Kunkel 
 George Kunkel 
 Leonard Wasson 
 
 Henry Hartman 
 William Schmetter 
 Andrew Eschbach 
 Peter Kocher 
 Peter Schopp 
 Philip School 
 Valentine Kramlich 
 
 WHITEHALL TOWNSHIP. 
 
 George Ringer 
 Michael Kelchner 
 Joseph Showalter 
 Christopher Kern 
 George Koehler 
 Joseph Bosler 
 John Schreiber 
 George Newhard 
 John Eastburn 
 Godfrey Knauss 
 Jacob Wertz 
 
 NORTH WHITEHALL TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Michael Laury 
 Adam Scheuerer 
 Anthony Frantz 
 Sebastian Miller 
 Michael Newhard 
 Adam Schneck 
 Leonard Schissler 
 John Lichtenwalner 
 Henry Geiger 
 John Ulrich Ahlmer 
 
 SOUTH WHITEHALL TOWNSHIP 
 
 Jacob Henninger 
 George Wenner 
 John Troxell 
 
 WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Andreas Kunkel 
 Henry Geiger 
 Ambrose Remaly 
 George Remaly 
 Adam German 
 Henry Mauser 
 Nicholas Handwerk 
 George Hofe 
 Frederick Kern 
 John Kuntz 
 John Kunkel 
 Michael Kunkel 
 
 John Bar 
 John Schissler 
 Henry Schissler 
 Leonard Schlosser 
 Peter Schlosser 
 George L. Schutz 
 Henrv Brunner 
 
 George Hoffman 
 Michael Harlacher 
 Daniel Harlacher 
 Christopher Blank 
 Michael Kolb 
 Adam Miller 
 Stephen Snyder 
 Jacob Schnarr 
 Alexander Diefenderfer 
 Jacob Yundt 
 Henry Biery 
 
 Philip Diehl 
 Felix Arner 
 John Hertzog 
 Peter Burkhalter 
 Jacob Saeger 
 Nicholas Marcks 
 Jacob Mickley 
 Nicholas Allemang 
 Adam Brown 
 Samuel Sieger 
 
 John Troxell 
 Peter Steckel 
 
 John Kem 
 Jacob Moyer 
 Jacob Mowrer 
 Peter Missemer 
 George Nyhart 
 Henry Oswald 
 Jacob Peters 
 Rudolph Peters 
 Adam Reeder 
 John Ruckel 
 Peter Ruch 
 Simon Wehr 
 
117 
 
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 NOTE :— Under the Constitution of 1790, a Governor could serve 9 years 
 out of 12 years. Under the Constitution of 1S3S, he could serve 6 vears out'of 9 
 years. Under the Constitution of 1S73, he could serve i term of 4 years only and 
 he cannot be re-elected to succeed himself. 
 
Valuation of Lehigh County for 190I. 
 
 Allentown, Taxables, 13,042 ; Real estate valuation, $20,290,311 ; Count)' 
 assessment, 120,594,216; County tax, $45,307.11 ; State tax, 118,778.94 ; Money 
 on interest, $4,694,729. Catasauqua, Taxables, 1,266 ; Real estate valuation, 
 $1,715,745. County assessment, $1,770915; County tax, $3,896.00; State tax, 
 $1, 964.44 ; Coopersburg, Taxables, 222 ; Real estate valuation, $266,310 ; County 
 assessment, $288,300 ; County tax, $633.25 ; State tax, $969.44. Coplay, Taxables 
 617 ; Real estate valuation, $501,495, County assessment, $543,035 ; County tax $1,- 
 194 69 ; State tax, $1 13.29. Emaus, Taxables, 539 ; Real estate valuation. $433,745 ; 
 County assessment, $478,835 ; County tax, $1 052 99 ; State tax, $602 11. Foun- 
 tain Hill, Taxables, 374 ; Real estate valuation, $700,525 ; Count}' assessment, 
 $576,530 ; County tax, $1,268.36; State tax, $592.26. Macungie, Taxables, 337 ; 
 Real estate valuation, $271,661 ; County as.se.ssment, $287,281 ; County tax, 
 $632.01 ; State tax, $573 Slatington, Taxables. 1,315 ; Real estate valuation, 
 $1,070,256 ; County assessment, $1,178,995; County tax, $2,593.79; State tax, 
 $519. West Bethleheci, Taxables, $1595; Real estate valuation, $1,326,663; 
 County assessment, $1,308,928 ; County Tax, $3,099.63 ; State Tax, $773.49. 
 
 Hanover, Taxables, 1,370; Real estate valuation. $1,473,798; County 
 assessment, $1,525,618 ; County tax, $3,356 36 ; State tax, $1,255 26. Heidelberg, 
 Taxables, 486 ; Real estate valuation, $569,088; County assessment, $600,034; 
 County tax, $1,320 05. State tax, $5,694 32. Lower Macungie, Taxables, . 1076 ; 
 Real estate valuation, $1,360,906 ; County assessment, $1,450,106; County tax, 
 $3,190.24; State tax, $599.46. Lower Milford, Taxables, 507 ; Real estate valua- 
 tion, $701,590 ; County assessment, $736,480 ; County tax, $1,620.25 ; State tax, 
 $651.81. Lowhill, Taxables, 256 ; Real estate valuation, $315,307 ; County assess- 
 ment, $325,917 ; County tax, $717.02 ; State tax, $206.58. Lynn Taxables, 686 ; 
 Real estate valuation, $1,131,860 County assessment, $1,177,212; County 
 tax, $2,589.85 ; State tax, $587.64. North Whitehall, Taxables, 
 1,165 ; Real estate valuation, $1,250,561 ; County as.sessment, $1,335- 
 271; County tax, $2,938.59 ; State tax, ^672. 40. Salisbury. Taxables, 1789; Real 
 estate valuation, 51,776,864 ; County assessment, Si, 898, 819 ; County tax, $4,177 40 
 State tax, $582.96. South Whitehall, Taxables, 820 ; Real estate valuation, $1,459- 
 755 ; County assessment, 5i, 506,955 ; County tax, $2,315.30 ; State tax, $780 97. 
 Upper Macungie, Taxables, 756 ; Real estate valuation, $1,168,804 ; County assess- 
 ment, $1,216,904 ; County tax, $2,677.18 ; State tax, $406.49. Upper Milford, Tax- 
 ables, 1042 ; Real estate valuation, $1,505,307; County as.sessment, $1,083,271; 
 County tax, $2,383.20 ; State tax, $845.77. Upper Saucon, Taxables, 1024 ; Real 
 estate valuation, $1,140,040 ; County assessment, $1,233,775 ; County tax, $2,714.31 
 State tax, $967.67 ; Washington, Taxables, 1,041 ; Real estate valuation, $825,- 
 025 ; County assessment, $896,396; County tax, $1,972.07; State tax, 567.72; 
 Weisenberg, Taxables, 492 ; Real estate valuation, $591,535 ; County assessment, 
 $607,048 ; County tax. ^1,335.50 ; State tax, $349,39. Whitehall, Taxables, 2,646; 
 Real estate valuation, $3,398,340 ; County assessment, '3,512,635; County tax, 
 $7,728,02 ; State tax, $857.14. 
 
 Total valuation, Taxables, 34,625 ; Real estate, $44,735.91. Count)- assess- 
 ment, $46,233,726 ; County tax, $101,714.12 ; State tax, $34,767.96 ; Cleared land, 
 174,957 acres ; Timber land, 18,175 acres ; County debt none. 
 
LEHIGH COUNTY'S DEBT. 
 
 HOW IT HAS BEEN PAID OFF IN THIRTY YEARS. 
 
 In 1S73 Lehigh county had a debt of 1404,742.61. In 1886 the last rem- 
 nant of indebtedness was paid off, and no other has been created since. The 
 total amount of county taxes levied and collected from 1856 to 1886 was $4,227,- 
 S28.34. 
 
 ^Expenditures Debt 
 
 $ 22,625.01 I 5,840.00 
 
 26,505.03 6,540.00 
 
 64,909.36 15,549.00 
 
 83,352.24 29,449.00 
 
 46,606 24 29,849.00 
 
 85,546.94 31,349.00 
 
 87,236.69 33,683.06 
 
 121,591.69 59,321.43 
 
 106,172.56 57,289,11 
 
 134,285.58 72,776.24 
 
 193,155.14 134,897.67 
 
 264,931.29 258,922.74 
 
 191,958.01 288,457.8/ 
 
 215,345-94 305,891.31 
 
 357,33251 290,945.83 
 
 321,765.42 315,028.95 
 
 232,168.88 311,603.68 
 
 248,092.25 404,742.61 
 
 114,479.23 250,586.30 
 
 137,311-65 235,697.17 
 
 143,315.01 192,984.17 
 
 108,057.27 158,730.17 
 
 116,186.47 148,298.17 
 
 134,300-54 144.94948 
 
 119,659.14 110,960.72 
 
 102,364.19 74,898.72 
 
 95,572.79 62,702.72 
 
 88,135.97 46,334.72 
 
 119,558.98 40,609.72 
 
 118,333.56 34,795-00 
 
 CENSUS REPORT. 
 
 The following figures were taken from the official census report and 
 show Lehigh's importance as a manufacturing centre : 
 P^stablishments, 1,043 
 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 1856 
 
 $ 26,064.79 
 
 1857 
 
 28,979-.39 
 
 1858 
 
 68.874-33 
 
 1859 
 
 87,354-66 
 
 i860 
 
 55,353-10 
 
 186 1 
 
 91,006.09 
 
 1862 
 
 118,881.36 
 
 1863 
 
 153,267.28 
 
 1864 
 
 120,713.76 
 
 1865 
 
 146,112.85 
 
 1866 
 
 199.402.97 
 
 1867 
 
 290,022.29 
 
 1868 
 
 198,997-43 
 
 1869 
 
 245.658.55 
 
 1870 
 
 367,904-25 
 
 I87I 
 
 330,392.86 
 
 1872 
 
 296,999.08 
 
 1873 
 
 273,232.51 
 
 1874 
 
 i53,389-47 
 
 1875 
 
 160,437.34 
 
 1876 
 
 161,967.25 
 
 1877 
 
 136 311.87 
 
 1878 
 
 148.807.71 
 
 1879 
 
 154,394-58 
 
 1880 
 
 141,056.28 
 
 I88I 
 
 120,137.59 
 
 1882 
 
 129,955.30 
 
 1883 
 
 133,573-35 
 
 1884 
 
 157,488.96 
 
 1885 
 
 135,289.46 
 
 Invested in land, $ 2,328,543 
 
 Invested in buildings, 7,445,807 
 
 Invested in machinery tools 
 
 Wages 710,695 
 
 Children under 16 j'cars 1,100 
 
 Wages 151,071 
 
 Miscellaneous expenses : 
 Rent of works 151,269 
 
 Taxes, not including internal 
 
 Revenue 62,829 
 
 Rent of offices, interest etc. 1,279,692 
 Contract work 529,855 
 
 Total miscellaneous expenses 
 
 2,041,644 
 Cost of materials, including mill 
 
 supplies and freight 15,833,723 
 
 Total cost of materials 17,593,067 
 
 Value of products 31,250,205 
 
 OMITTED ON P.A.GE 50— .\LLENTO\VN NEWSPAPERS— Daily Leader established in 
 1803. National Educator founded in 1S60 by Rev. Dr. A. R. Home, an educational paper, having 
 a large circulation among the teachers of L,ehigh and neighVxjring counties. 
 
 and implements 
 
 6,200,807 
 
 Cash and sundries, 
 
 10,279,056 
 
 Total capital invested 
 
 26,254,303 
 
 Proprietors 
 
 1,252 
 
 Salaried officials 
 
 687 
 
 Salaries 
 
 640,083 
 
 Wage earners 
 
 16,463 
 
 Wages 
 
 6,223,386 
 
 Men over 16 years 
 
 12,243 
 
 Wages 
 
 5,361,620 
 
 Women over i6 years 
 
 3,121 
 
Have you ever stopped to consider 
 
 what a prompt historian the the daily newspaper is ? 
 
 The 
 
 Allentown 
 
 MORNING 
 CALL 
 
 has always aimed to present the complete news of 
 Lehigh County as promptly as possible and that 
 this is appreciated is attested by its large and well 
 distributed circulation covering the entire county. 
 
 Delivered in the City early each morning and 
 
 reaches every Post Office in the County 
 
 on the Day of Publication. 
 
 UNSURPASSED AS AN ADVERTISING MEDIUM. 
 
123 
 
 Marcus C. L. Kline, 
 
 ATTOR N EY-AT-LAW 
 
 S27 HAMILTON ST., STILES building 
 
 ALLENTOWN, PA. 
 
 MILK and CREAM. 
 
 Buy your milk 
 
 fresh from the dairy. Noue 
 but pure milk and fresh 
 cream handled. Milk deliv- 
 ered to all parts of the city. 
 
 Watch for MOI^LET'S Milk De- 
 livery Team. 
 
 HARRY A. MOLLET 
 
 Mountainville, Pa. 
 P. O. Allentown, Pa. 
 
 1). Fritz. J. R. Wahler. 
 
 FRITZ & WAHLER, 
 
 Staple and Fancy 
 Groceries. 
 
 Provisions and Meats, 
 Teas, Coffees, Canned Goods, Etc. 
 
 Fresh Eggs and Choice Butter. 
 
 4th &nd Gordon Sts., Allentown, Pa. 
 
 Goods delivered to all parts 
 of the city. 
 
 Lehigh 'Phone. 
 
 John F. Kemmerer, 
 
 MUSICIAN, 
 
 1 8 SOUTH FIFTH ST., EMAUS.PA 
 
 TEACHER OF 
 PIANO AND ORGAN. 
 
 For L0C&.I History 
 
 You are concerned about. 
 
 CAREFULLY COMPILED. 
 
 READ THE 
 
 MACUNGIE PROGRESS. 
 
 Published Weekly at 
 MACUNGIE, PA. 
 
 An excellent Advertising 
 Medium. 
 
 J. C. RACE, 
 
 Cor. Third and Main Sts., 
 Emaus, Pa. 
 
 Dealer in all kinds of 
 
 Fresh and Smoked Meats, 
 
 Groceries and Green 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 Which will be sold at lowest 
 Cash Prices. 
 
.124 
 
 PHAON C. WEAVER 
 
 Notary Public, 
 Real Estate and 
 Collecting Agent, 
 
 P.O. Box 322. 
 
 EMAUS, PA. 
 
 Reuben Stettler, 
 
 Dealer in 
 
 Flour, Feed, Grain Baled 
 Hay and Straw. 
 
 Emaus, Pa. 
 
 T* Niemoyer & Co* 
 
 Dealers iti 
 
 Dry Goods, Groceries, 
 Hardware, 
 
 Boots, Shoes, Hats, 
 Caps, Queensware, and 
 
 General Merchandise, 
 
 Second and Main Streets, 
 EMAUS, PA. 
 
 R. C. KING, M. D. 
 
 Physician and Surgeon, 
 
 Limeport, Lehigh Co., Pa. 
 
 * 
 
 OFFICE HOURS : 
 
 Until 9.00 A. M. 
 
 From 12.00 M. to 2.00 P. M. 
 
 After 6.00 P. M. 
 
 ?rcd Rem$mith« 
 
 Practical Funeral Director, 
 
 And dealer in 
 
 All kinds of Furniture 
 
 J 38 Main St., Emaus, Pa. 
 
 For the Best made 
 
 HARNESS. 
 
 and Saddlery Goods in 
 Lehigh County, visit 
 
 J. F. Smith & Son, 
 
 OLD ZIONSVILLE, PA. 
 
 Harness, Collars, Flynets, Cairiage Robes. 
 For Pictures go to 
 
 R. Ul. Ulint*$ 
 
 Photographic Studio. 
 
 627-629 Hamilton Street, 
 Allentown, Pa. 
 
 Also fine assortment of Brooch Pins. 
 
 A. S. MILLER. 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 General Merchandi.se, Dry Goods, 
 
 Groceries, Hardware, 
 
 Boots and Shoes. 
 
 POWDER VALLEY, PA. 
 
 Shipping Station— 
 
 Zionsvillft, Pa, 
 
 Country produce is taken in exchange for 
 which highest cash price is paid. 
 
125 
 
 J. F. Fretz. J. E. Fretz. 
 
 J. F. Fretz & Bro., 
 
 327 MAIN ST., EMAUS, PA. 
 
 MANFACTURERS OF FINE 
 
 Havana and 
 Domestic Cigars. 
 
 H. S. FUNK, 
 
 Editor. 
 
 H. H. FUNK, 
 
 Manager. 
 
 Springto^wTL 
 Weekly 
 Times. 
 
 Times Publishing Co., 
 
 PRINTERvS 
 AND 
 
 PUBLISHERS. 
 
 SPRINGTOWN, PA. 
 
 Advertising rates reasonable. 
 Fine job work a specialty. 
 
 3obn P. Sbive, 
 
 FANCY 
 
 BREAD AND CAKE 
 BAKER. 
 
 AND 
 CONFECTIONER. 
 
 Emaus, Pa. 
 
 Picnics and Parties Supplied at 
 short notice. 
 
 J. R. DILLER, M. D. 
 
 Physician and 
 Surg'eon 
 
 MAIN STREET, 
 Emaus, Pa. 
 
 7 to 8.30 A. M. 
 OFFICE HOURS: 12 to 1.30 P.M. 
 7 to 9 P. M. 
 
 A large Variety of Goods at the 
 
 very Lowest Prices always to 
 
 be had at my Store. 
 
 FRANK riNK. 
 
 Dealer in 
 
 Dry Goods, Notions 
 
 and Groceries. 
 
 Gents' furnishing goods a Specialty. 
 
 Cor. 3rd and Main Sts., 
 EMAUS, PA. 
 
 Reliable Gipr Factoryp 
 
 E. H. HAMMAN. 
 
 M&nufacturer of 
 
 FINE HAVANA and SEED CIGARS. 
 
 Factory :— Railroad Street. 
 Office :— South 3rd Street. 
 
 EMAUS, PA. 
 
126 
 
 W. R. SCHULER, Prop., 
 
 Of the original 
 
 Plover Creamery. 
 
 Manufacturer of the finest 
 quality of 
 
 Butter and Cheese, 
 
 and Dealer in 
 
 GENERAL MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Plover, Pa. 
 
 Shipping Station 
 Zionsville, Pa. 
 
 E. H. FRETZ, 
 
 PRACTICAl- 
 
 WATCHMAKER AND 
 
 JEWELER. 
 
 333>^ Main St., Emaus, Pa. 
 
 Watches, clocks, vSilverware and Jewelry of 
 
 evevy description at Lowest Prices 
 
 Give nie a call. 
 
 Satisfaction guaranteed and good and 
 
 prompt service. 
 
 Life-Sized Portraits and Frames furnished on 
 
 short notice, 
 Repairing of all kinds promptly attended to. 
 
 Reliable Cigar Factory. 
 
 E. H. Hamman, 
 
 Manufacturer of 
 
 Fine Havana 
 and Seed Cigars, 
 
 Factory, Railroad Street, 'C-^.,-..- p„ 
 Office, South 3d Street, J-iIIlaUb, 1 <1. 
 
 WM. W. KUHNS, 
 
 COAL 
 
 Dealer in FLOUR and 
 
 FEED. 
 
 Orders promptly filled and goods 
 delivered. Office, Yard and Store 
 
 Zionsville, Pa. 
 
 Perkiomen R.R. 
 
 J. H. J. HALLMAN, 
 
 Dealer in 
 
 Groceries, Poultry, 
 Tobacco and Oysters, 
 
 Main Street, 
 EMAUS, PA. 
 
 The best and nicest goods in town. 
 
 BUTZ & CO., 
 
 Wholesale Dealers in 
 
 OYSTERS, 
 PEANUTS. 
 ORANGES. 
 
 Etc.. 
 
 140 N. 7th St., ALLENTOWN.PA. 
 
 Tr^nk Buchman 
 
 Ulbolesalc 
 ^ Liquor 
 Dealer, 
 
 Chestnut Street, 
 EMAUS, PA. 
 
 E. F. ROMIG, 
 
 BREAD AND CAKE 
 
 BAKER, 
 
 And Manufacturer of the 
 
 Tamous "Bos$" Steam Pretzels. 
 
 Picnics and Parties Supplied. 
 
 Emaus, Pa. 
 
127 
 
 DRIVING 
 
 our Presses by electricity enables us to turn out about twice as 
 
 much work as the old fashioned foot-power printer, and we can, 
 
 with all the Modern Appliances, do any class of work that is 
 
 done in all the large printing offices in the community. 
 
 JACKS. 
 
 The Printer, 
 
 10-12 South 6th Street. 
 ALLENTOWN. 
 
 LEHIGH TELEPHONE. 
 
128 
 
 Bricks Bricks 
 
 Binder 
 Bros. 
 
 Manufacturers of the 
 
 BEST BURNED BRICKS 
 
 for building purposes. 
 
 Give them a trial when in need of bricks. 
 
 EMAUS. PA. 
 S. A. DICHL. 
 
 BREAD and CAKES. 
 
 Watch for Diehl's Bakery team, mak- 
 ing daily rounds. Fresh goods every 
 day. 
 
 n46 Liberty Street, 
 ALLENTOWN, PA. 
 
Onr Best Thoughts go into the making of our 
 
 Men's $10 Suits 
 
 The' re the acme of perfection in every detail at the price. 
 But Ten Dollars is not the- only price. We are showing 
 a superb assortment in Plain and Fancy Weaves, ranging 
 in price from <^5 to $17. 
 
 Shankweiler & Lehr, 
 
 CLOTHIERS. 
 
 
 
 ALLENTOWN. 
 
 ^e 
 
 Pennsylvaniz^ Germ&n 
 
 AN ILLUSTRATED 
 
 QUARTERLY MAGAZINE. 
 
 (All but Poetry in English.) Devoted to the History, 
 
 Biography, Geneaology, Poetry, Folk- Love and General 
 
 Interests in the Pennsylvania Germans and their Descendants. 
 
 Edited and Published by 
 
 Rev. P. C. Croll. A. M.. •""^r"' ^"^^p*=B?ir'°'* 
 
 Everybody, who sees it, falls in love with it. Sample Copy 25 cents 
 
 PER YEAR 
 IN ADVANCE 
 
 Home's Pennsylvania-German Manual 
 
 Printed in Pennsyivania-German, English and High German. 
 
 Inshlich licht, col al licht, gas un 
 electric licht. — Pennsylva- 
 nia-German. 
 
 Tallow candle, coal oil light, gas and 
 
 electric light. — English. 
 
 Unschlitt Licht, Kohloel-Licht, Gas 
 
 und Electrisches Licht. — 
 
 High German. 
 
 The "col al licht" is an illustration of 
 the time when the coining of Pennsylva- 
 nia-German words ceased, and English 
 speaking commenced to predominate 
 among the Pennsylvania-Germans. 
 
 Home's "Pennsylvania-German Manual" con- 
 tains much valuable information as follows; 
 many miscellaneous illustrations -with Pennsyl- 
 vania German, English and High German names, the popular Pennsylvania-German ballads 
 (illustrated), customs of the Pennsj'ivania-Germans in "Ye Olden Times" (illustrated), his. 
 torical facts, poetry, songs, proverbs, conundrums and anecdotes (illustrated), shows differ- 
 ent styles of writing Pennsylvania-German, dictionary, with English and High German 
 equivalents, English vocabulary with Pennsylvania-German equivalents. 
 
 415 pages. Price, 90c. By mail, $1.05. 
 
 THE NATIONAL EDUCATOR, Allentown, Pa. 
 
 The above U one of the many lIlnBtratlons Id norne's 
 Pennajlraau-Oorman Manukl.