.F 341 I.E45 Copy 1 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI ..HISTORY.. ELLETT-THAMES 1913 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY Combined Edition, Comprising Outlines prepared by A. H. ELLETT, late of Blue Mountain College, and those prepared by W. I. THAMES, of Mississippi Normal College Published by W. I. THAMES, Hattiesburg, Mississippi and T. C. LOWREY, Blue Mountain, Mississippi. Price, 25 cents; by mail 30 cents. Copyright, 1913 By W\ I. Thames and T. C. Lowrey. ©C1.A34723G JEFFERSON INDIAN PEACE MEDAL. The cut shown above is a two-thirds size reproduction of a silver medal plowed up among human bones, supposed to be Indian, five miles southwest of New Albany, Mississippi, February, 1907, by a Mr. Stanson. The medal is the property of Mr. W. W. Ticer, of New Albany. INDEX. Page Banks 19, 21, 23, 27, 30, 45 Beginnings : 48 Burr, Aaron, Incident 18 Capitals 45 Capitols '. 70 Chickasaw School Lands Leased 29 Codes •. 9, 16, 18, 22, 29, 31, 34, 35, 41, 43, 45 Common School Fund 65-68 Constitutions 20, 21, 24, 25, 35, 36, 40, 41, 45 Counties 62-64 Crozat, Grant to 8-9 Education 53-58 Extra Sessions of Legislature 25, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 46 Foote-Davis-Quitman Contest 30 Georgia Claims 13-14 Governors 59-60 Impeachment of State Officers 39 Indian Land Cessions 12, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25 Louisiana Purchase 17 Law, John, Grant to 9 Maps 47-50 Mississippi, meaning of 71 Mississippi a Leader in Great Reforms 69 Prentiss, Word Contest 27 Secession 32 State Officers and Salaries 61 Territorial Acquisitions 46 Wars ...9. 10,. 19, 20, 32, 33, 41, 49, 52 FOREWORD. T THE TIME of the death of Prof. A. H. Ellett he left matter for an outhne of Mississippi History, and this was later published by Mr. T. C. Lowrcy, administrator. The writer published a similar work ab6ut the same time. Instead of publishing a second edition of each it has been decided to issue a combined edition. Con- siderable new matter has been added, and the work brought down to date. Attention is directed to the fact that the first part of the book contains a chronological out- line followed by topical outlines treating the leading subjects. The latter part of the book contains statistical and other informa- tion of special interest for the present and near future. The work has grown out of school room experience, and the writer commends it to his fellow teachers in full confidence that it will be of service to any who are trying to gain or impart knowledge of the State's history. W. I. THAMES, Mississippi Normal College. Hattiesburg, Mississippi, March, 1913. MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. EIGHT EPOCHS. P. Exploration I538-I682 2 ^ French Territory I682-I763 3 ^ English Territory , I763-I783 4 '. Spanish Territory I783-I795 5'. United States Territory I795-I8I7 6 ^ Independent State J8I7-I86I 7'. Secession I86I-I870 8 ■. Reunion _„ 1 870-191 3 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE. EXPLORATION, November, 1538 to April 9, 1682. L^ DeSoto. 1 3. Sailed from Spain to Cuba, November, 1538. 2 3. Sailed from Cuba, May 12, 1539. 3 ^. Equipment. 1 4. Five ships and four other vessels. 2 4. One thousand infantry. 3 ^. Three hundred and fifty horsemen. 4 ". Twenty-four priests. 5 ''. Large number of knights and soldiers. 4 3. Reached Tampa Bay, Fla., May 30, 1539. 5 3. Started on journey, June, 1539. 6 3. Entered present boundary of Mississippi near Columbus, November, 1540. 7 ^ Wintered in Pontotoc County; attacked by Chickasaws, March, 1541. 8 3. Broke camp, April, 1541. 9 3. Discovered Mississippi River. 1 4. Place — Near Memphis. 2". Time— May 15, 1541. 10 3. Subsequent wanderings. 113. Death of DeSoto. 1 ^. Place — Mouth of Arkansas River. 2 4. Time— May 21, 1541. 3 ''. Circumstances of burial. 12 3. Fate of his followers. 2 ^ Joliet and Marqwette. 13. Reached Mackinaw, Dec. 8, 1672. 2 3. Left early in 1673 with six companions; arrived at Mis- sissippi River, June 17, 1673. 3 3. Explored Mississippi River to the Arkansas River and returned to Quebec. 3 ^. LaSallc. 1 3. Party — -Henry De Tonti, 40 soldiers, 3 monks. 2 3. Left Quebec, 1680. 3 3. Reached Illinois River at Peoria, built Fort of the Broken Heart. 4 3. Returned to Quebec with two companions and to the fort in May, 1681. 5 3. Launched on the Mississippi River, Feb. 6, 1682. 8 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 6 5. Reached passes at Gulf cf Mexico, April G, 1682. 7^ Took possession of the territory, April 9, ltJH2 8 3. Returned to France, via Canada, 1684. 9^ Sailed from France, July 24, 1684. 1 •>. Equipment, four \'essels. 2 4. Chief navif^ator, M. Beaujeu. 10 3. Landed at Matagorda Bay, Texas, Jan. 1, 168li. 113. Built fort. 12 -^ Murder of LaSalle. 1 •*. Place — Washington ' County, Texas. 2 4. Time— March 20, 1687. 3 4. By whom — His companion. 2^ FRENCH TERRITORY, April % 1682, to June I, 1763. 1 ^ First Settlement. 1 3. Expedition sailed from France, Sept. 28, 1698. ' 2 3. Leaders — Iberville, Sauvolle, Bienville, and Boisbriant. y^^. Anchored in Mississippi Sound, Feb. 6, 1699. yA 3. Explored Mississippi River to Red River, began March 2, 1699. 5 3. Settled Ocean Springs. 6 3. Built Fort Maurepas. 2 *. Administrations. 1^. Gov. Sauvolle, 1699-1701. 1 ". Capital at Ocean Springs, 1699-1701. 2 •*. English Turn incident, 1699. S"". Fort "Eighteen leagues above the passes," early in 1700. 4 4. Iberville's visit to the Natchez Indians, February, 1700. 5". Sauvolle died of yellow fever, Aug. 22, 1701. 23. Gov. Bienville, Aug. 22, 1701-1712. 11. Capital at Dauphin Island, 1701-1710. 2 4. Death of Henry de Tonti, Biloxi, September, 1704. 3 4. Twenty-three young women brought to the col- ony, 1704. 4 4. Ibcndlle's death, Julv 9, 1706. 54. Capital at Mobile, 1710-1717. 6 4. Grant to Crozat, Sept. 14, 1712. 1 5. Conditions. 1 *. Was to get for fifteen years: 1 ^ Exclusive right to commerce. 2 '. Proceeds from all mines. i OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 9 3 7. Full titles to all lands. 4 ^. Soldiers paid by King. 2 ^ Was to give : 1 ^ One-foi^rth proceeds of mines. 2 ^ Anntial shipload of slaves from i^frica. 3 '. Annual shipload of immigrants from France. 4 T. After nire years pay salaries of officers. 2 5. Outccm.e — Bankruptcy cf Crczat and surrender of grant, 1717. 3 3. Gov. Cadillac, 1712-1717. 1". First Natchez AYar, 1716. 2 4. Fort Rosalie. is. Begun Aug. 3, 1716. 2 5. Occupied Aug. 25, 1716. 4 \ Gov. De L'Epinay, 1717, short time. 5K Gov. Bienville, 1717 to Aug. 9, 1726. 1 4. Grant to John Law, August, 1717. 1 s. Conditions: 1 ^ Was to have for twenty-five years: 1 ^ Absolute control of trade. 2 T. Control of araiies. 3 ^. Power to make war and treaties. 4'^. Authority to remove civil cfificers. 2 ^ Was to bring to the colony annually 6,000 whites and 3,000 slaves. 3 ^. Was ultimately to pay National debt of France. 2 5. Outcome : 1 ^. Stock in company sold at twenty times its face value. 2^. The bubble burst and Law fled to Venice, 1720. 3 ^. Company bankrupted, 1732. 4 ^ Colony flourished by reason of it. 2 4. Building of New Orleans, 1718. 31 Capital at Biloxi, 1717-1723. 4''. First cargo of slaves., 1720 5\ Capital at New Orleans, 1723-1763. 61 The Black Code, 1724. 1 s. Made by Bienville. 2 =. Regulated slaves. 3 s. Banished Jews. 4 s. Established Catholicism. 7 ". Crops amounted to little. 10 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 6 3. Gov. Pcricr, Aug. 9, 1726 to Winter, 1732-'33. 14. Second Natchez War, 1729-1731. 1 5. Cause — Demand of the French for White Apple village. 2s. Events: 1^ Attack on Fort Rosalie, Oct. 28, 1729; 250 French killed. 2^ Attack on Fort St. Peter, Jan. 2, 1730; all the French killed. 3 ^. Siege of Ft. Rosalie [by French and Choctaw Indians. 4 ^. Recovery of some prisoners, Feb. 27, 1730. 5 *. Extermination of the Natchez Indians at Trinity River, Jan. 20, 1731. 2 ''. Dismissal of Gov. Perier. 7 3. Gov. Bienville, 1733-1743. 1 ^. First expedition against the Chickasaws. 1 5. Causes : 1 ^. French desire to punish Chickasaws for harbor- ing Natchez Indians. 2 ''. Desire to destroy English influence over the Chickasaws. 2 5. Events: 1 \ Expedition left New Orleans, March 23, 1736, via Gulf and Tombigbee River. 2 ^ D'Artaguette's descent of Mississippi River and misfortune. May 20, 1736. 3 *•. Bienville's expedition reached Cotton Gin Port, Monroe County, May 22, 1736. 4 *. Battle of Ackia, Lee County, three miles north- west of Tupelo, May 26, 1736. 2 1. Second expedition against the Chickasaws, via the Mississippi River, 1740. Indians sued for peace and acceded to French terms. 3 4. Biemdlle recalled to France, 1743; died March 7, 1767. 83. Gov. Vaodreuil, 1743-1753. 1". Population, 1744: IS. Whites, 4,000. 2 5. Slaves, 2,020. 2*. Third expedition against the Chickasaws, 1752-'53. 1 5. Route — Via Gulf and Tombigbee River. 2 5. Result — Failure of French. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 11 93. Gov. Kcrlerec, 1753-1763. 1 4. French and Indian War, 1754-1763. 2^. Secret Treaty of Paris, Nov. 3, 1762; France gave Louisiana Territory to Spain; ignored by England in 1763. 3 4. First Treaty of Paris, Feb. 10, 1763; ratified June 1, 1763. 4''. Territorial changes: 1 s. France ceded to England, Canada and all her lands east of the Mississippi River from Lakes to Gulf, except New Orleans and two small islands south of Newfoundland. 25. France ceded to Spain, New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory west of the Mississippi River. 3 5. Spain exchanged Florida to England for Cuba which England had captured during the war. 3'. ENGLISH TERRITORY, June I, 1763 to Sept. 3, 1783. 1^ Gov. Jolinston, Nov. 21, 1763-1767. 1 3. Organization of British West Florida, Oct. 7, 1763. 1 <. Boundary — North by 31°; east by Chattahoochee and Apalachicola Rivers; south by Gulf, Rigolets, Pontchartrain, Maurepas, and Manchac; west by Mississippi River. Boundary extended north to 32° 28', June 6, 1764; to 32° 30', May 15, 1767. 2". Capital at Pensacola, 1763-1783. 3 4. Territorial names changed: 1 s. Fort Conde to Fort Charlotte. 2 5. Fort Rosalie to Fort Panmure. 3 s. Fort Bute built at Manchac. 4". Inducements to settlers: 1 5. Country advertised. 2s. Liberal land grants: 1 ^ To field officers, 5,000 acres. 2^ To captains, 3,000 acres. 3^ To subalterns, 2,000 acres. 4 ^. To non-commissioned, 300 acres. 5 ^. Privates, 100 acres. 5*. Loftus Heights incident, 1764. 1 5. Major Loftus going up the Mississippi River. 2 s. Heights in Wilkinson County. 12 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 61 Treaty with Indians, 1764. 1 5. Prices fixed by treaty. 2 5. Free passage granted to English. 2^. Gov. Eliott July, 1767 (died soon after his appointment.) 3^ Gov. Brown, 1767-1771. 1 3. Gov. Brown appointed Governor of the Bahamas, 1770. 2K Acting Gov. Elias Durnford, 1770-1771. 4^ Gov. Chester, March 2, 1771-1783. 1 3. First Protestant Minister, Samuel Swayze, 1772. 2 3. Sale by Choctaws of Natchez District to English 1777; confirmed to the United States, in 1802. 3 3. Influx of people caused by the Revolutionary War. 4 3. James Willing incident, 1778. 1 4. Sent by Continental Congress. 2 ". To secure neutrality in the Revolutionary War. 3 ". Robbed Hutchins and Dunbar. 4''. Captured and sold English ship. 5'^. Followed by Lyman. 5 3. Spanish conquest of West Florida. 11 Capture of Fort Bute, Sept. 7, 1779. 2 ". Capture of Baton Rouge and Panmure. 3". Capture of Mobile, March 10-14, 1780. 41 Capture of Pensacola, May 9, 1781. 6^ Attempt of English settlers to recapture the forts, April 28, 1782. 73. Conflicting grants of land between 31° and 32° 30' in second Treatv of Paris and Treaty of Versailles, Sept. 3, 1783.' 4^ SPANISH TERRITORY, Sept. 3, 1783 to Oct. 27, 1795. 1 1 Diplomatic struggle. 1 3. Spain claimed north to 32° 30' by Treaty of Versailles. 2 3. United States claimed south to 31° by Second Treaty of Paris. 33. Spain actually occupied territory until 1798. 21 Spanish capital, Natchez. 3 1 Spanish Governors — Collet, Trevino, Miro, Piernas, Bouligny, Grand Pre, Gayoso, Minor. 4 *. Government and people. 1 3. English settlers remained. 2 3. Laws were mild. 3 1 No land tax. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 13 43. No military duty required. 5 ^. Arbitration instead of lawsuits. 5 ^ Crops. 13. Tobacco, 1785. 1 \ Sold for $10.00 per hundred. 2 ^. Slaves imported to cultivate it. 3 ''. Abandoned in favor of Kentucky tobacco. 2 3. Indigo, abandoned on account of insects. 33. Cotton. 1 4. Obtaining seed. 2". Cotton gin, 1794; built near Natchez, 1796. 3". First cotton press, 1799. 6 ^ Religions. 1 3. Roman Catholic predominating. 2 3. First Baptist Church on Cole's Creek, Richard Curtis, Pastor, 1791. 7 '. Georgia Claims. 1 3. Basis for claims. 1 4. Grant to Oglethorpe, to South Sea, 1732. 2 4. Commission to Royal Governor in 1765 defined the boundary as: 1 s. North, Savannah River to the Mississifipi River. 2 5. East, Savannah River and Atlantic Ocean. 3 5. South, 31° of latitude. 4 s. West, Mississippi River. 3''. Second Treaty of Paris, 1783. 2 3. Note — The United States admitted the validity of Georgia's claim to lands north of 32° 30', but never did admit validity of claims south of that line. 3 3. Georgia's assertion of her claim. 1 •*. Bourbon County organized, 1785. 1 s. Composed of Warren, Claiborne, Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Wilkinson, and Amite Counties. 2 s. Appointed fourteen magistrates to sell land at not over 25 cents an acre. ' 2 ". Sales by Georgia. 1 s. Yazoo companies, 1789. 1 ^ South Carolina Co., 5,000,000 acres for $65,000. 2^ Virginia Co., 7,000,000 acres for $93,000. 3 «. Tennessee Co., 3,500,000 acres for $46,000. 14 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 4^. Outcome— Companies refused to compl}^ with terms of sale, fearing validity of titles. 2 s. Four home (Georgia) Companies, 1795. 1^ Sale, 21,000,000 acres, for $5,000,000. 2^. Outcome — Georgia rescinded the sale in 1796, bribery being charged. 4 3. Final settlement of the claim. 1 ^. Georgia sold to the United States her lands north of 32° 30', and surrendered her claims to lands south of the same line, April 24, 1802. 1 s. United States concession. 1^ Money. 17. $1,250,000 cash to Georgia. 2 ^ Deposit proceeds of land sales in United States Treasury. 2«. Land. 1 ^ That part of the 12-mile strip north of Georgia. 2 7. All Cherokee Indian lands in Georgia. 3 7. Guarantee titles of settlers already on the land. 4 7. Admit Mississippi as a state when population reached 60,000. 1 5. Georgia concession. 1 ^. All her claim in present states of Mississippi and Alabama. 2 ^ Pay United States the money she had already received on sales. 2*. Yazoo frauds. 1 s. General name applied to all the frauds in con- nection with conflicting titles. 2 5. United States Supreme Court decided for the claimants and paid them out of the United States Treasury, 1810. 8 *. The twelve -mile strip. 1 3. Ceded to the United States by South Carloina, 1787. 2^ Part added to Georgia in 1802 ; remainder to Mississppi in 1804. 9^ Treaty of San Lorenzo (Madrid), Oct. 27, 1795. 1'. United States southern boundary to be 31°. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 15 2 3. Troops of both nations to be removed within six months; Spanish to the south of this Hne, and United States to the north. 3 3. Joint commission to run boundary Hne. 4 3. Free navigation of the Mississippi River. . UNITED STATES TERRITORY, Oct. 27, 1795, to Dec. 10, I8I7. 1 ^ Unorganized — United States struggle for control, Oct. 27, 1795 to April 7, 1798. 1 3. Declaration of Independence; Spanish officials take refuge in fort. 2 3. Embryonic Constitution. 1 ". No punishment for the insurgents, 21, Not subject to military duty. 3 ■». No transportation of prisoners. 4:^. Preservation of neutrality. 3 ^. The rival committees. 1 ^. Permanent committee, Ellicott. 2 ''. Safety and correspondence, Hutchins. 4 3. Departure of Gayoso and resistance to Grand Pre, 1797. 5 3. Major Guion assumes control for the United States until the arrival of Gov. Sargent. 2 ^ Organized (Mississippi Territory,) April 7, 1798, to Dec. 10, 1817. 1 3. Boundarv at first. 1 4. North by 32° 30'. 2^. East by Chatahootchee River. 3". South by 31°. 4 *. West by the Mississippi River. 2K Capital. 11 Natchez, 1798-1802. 2 4. Washington, 1802-1817. 3 3. Government. 14. First stage, 1798-1800. 1 s. Officers. 1 ^. Governor — Appointed by the President for three years. 2 ^. Secretary — Appointed by the President for four years. 3 ^ Three Judges — Appointed by the President for life. 16 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 2 5. Law, culled by Governor and Judges from laws of the Northwest Territorv, known as Sargent's Code, 1799. 1 ^. Marriage license, $8, to the Governor. 2\ Tavern license, $8. 2\ Second stage, 1800-1808. 1 s. Officers. 1 ^ Governor, Secretary and three Judges, as above. 2 ^. General Assembly. 1 T. Legislative Council of five members, selected by Congress. 2 ^ House of Representatives, elected by the people. 2 s. Laws. 1 '•. Delegate to Congress elected by the General Assembly. 2 **. Property qualification for office holders and voters. 3^. Third stage, 1808-1817. 1 5. Officers — Same as in second stage. 2 5. Laws. 1 *. Delegate to Congress elected by the people. 2 ^. Number of voters increased. 4 3. Administrations. 1\ Gov. Winthrop Sargent, 1798-1801. 1 5. Biographical Note : Winthrop Sargent was born at Gloucester, Mass., May 1, 1755. He graduated at Harvard University, served eight years in the Revolutionary War, and was Secretary of the Northwest Territory from 1787 to 1798, when he became Governor of Mississippi Territory. Sargent was a Fed- eralist and there was much opposition to him largely on this account. In May, 1801, he retired from office, and quietly took up the life of a planter. He died in New Or- leans, La., June 3, 1820, and was buried at Gloucester, his country home, near Natchez. 2 5. First newspaper — Mississippi Gazette, estab- lished, 1799. 3 s. Louisiana retro-ceded by Spain to France, by Treaty of St. Ildcfonso, Oct. 1, 1800. 4 s. First United States census of Mississippi Territory 1800, 8,850 population. 5K Old Natchez cession of 1777 confirmed to the United States, 1801. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 17 6 5. Acting Governor, John Steele, April 3, 1801 to Nov. 23, 1801. 2". Gov, W. C. C. Claiborne, May 25, 1801 to March 1, 1805. 1 s. Biographical Note : W. C. C. Claiborne was born in Sussex County, Va., in 1775, and was educated at Richmond Academy and Wil- liam and Mary's College. At the age of seventeen he be- gan the study of law, was soon admitted to the bar, lo- cated in Tennessee, and before he was twenty-three had served as a member of the First Constitutional Convention of Tennessee, as Judge of the Supreme Court and Member of Congress. Gov. Claiborne was very popular and his administration was a success* from the beginning. On Nov. 9, 1803, he was appointed Commissioner to receive the Louisiana Territory from France, and was instructed to act as Provisional Governor until a permanent form of government should be established. On Oct. 2, 1804, Claiborne was appointed Governor of the Territory of Orleans. In 1812 hejw as elected Governor of the State of Louisiana. After serving two years he was elected United States Senator, but before taking his seat he died, Nov. 3, 1817, and was buried in Meterie Cemetery, New Orleans. 2 s. First public school. 1^ Time— 1801. 2^. Location — Natchez. 3 ^. Principal — Rev. David Ker. 3 s. Jefferson College. 1 ^. Location — Washington. 2 ^. Charter — First one granted for any purpose in Mississippi. 3^. Dates. 1 7. Chartered— May 13, 1802. 2^ Opened first session— 1811. 4 5. Purchase of Louisiana from France, including lands south of 31° and between Mississippi and Perdido Rivers; transfer made Dec. 20, 1803. 5 s. United States land grant, 16th sections, for schools. 1 ^. County courts given control of it. 2 ^. Trustees in each township authorized to lease the lands, build school houses and employ teachers.' 6 5. Extension of northern boundary from 32° 30' to Tennessee, March 27, 1804. 75. Acting Governor, Cato West, Oct. 1,1804, to May 10, 1805. 18 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 3". Gov. Robert Williams, March 1, 1805, to March 3, 1809. 1 5. Biographical Note : Robert Williams was born July 12, 1773, in Surrey Co., N. C. He was a lawyer, served as a Member of Congress and as member of the Land Commission of Mississippi. He established the unusual precedent of dissolving the Gen- eral Assembly. He was very unpopular, and resigned March 3, 1809. Pending the settlement of the Burr episode Gov. Williams and Secretary Mead accused each other of being in sympathy with Burr, with the result that Williams was challenged by George Poindexter to fight a duel; his re- fusal added to his unpopularity. Some years after retiring from office in Mississippi, Gov. Williams moved to Mon- roe, La. He died at Ouichita, Jan. 25, 1836, and was buried on his farm near Monroe. 2 5. First Choctaw cession. 1". Time— 1805. 2 ''. Place — Mount Dexter, near Macon, Miss. 3 ^ Consideration — $50,000 and special donations to chiefs. 4 ^ United States Commissioners — Robertson and Dinsmore. 3 ^ Eleazer Carver began manufacture of cotton gins near Washington, 1807. 4 s. Aaron Burr incident. 1^ Time— 1807. 2 *. Charge — Treason against the United States. 3 ^ Place of arrest — Louisiana, opposite Bruinsburg. 4 ^. Outcome. 17. Burr met court two days and then escaped . 2". Re-arrested in Alabama; tried in Richmond, Va., and acquitted. 55. Toulmin's Digest of Territorial Laws, adopted by Legislature, 1807. 6 5. Acting Governor Cowles Mead, June 6, 1806 to Jan. 28, 1807. 4 y Gov. David Holmes, March 7, 1809, to Dec. 10, 1817. 1 5. Biographical Note : David Holmes was born in York County, Pa., March 10, 1770, and his parents moved to Virginia, when he was about a year old. He had a classical education, was a lawyer and member of the House of Representatives from Vir- ginia from 1797 to 1809. Being Governor during the transition period from Territory to State, his position was OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 19 a very responsible one, but he discharged every duty of the office. He was President of the Constitutional Con- vention of 1817, and served as United States Senator from 1820 to 1825. In 1826 he was again inaugurated Governor of Mississippi, but soon resigned the office on account of ill health and returned to Virginia. He died August 20, 1832, and was buried at Winchester, Va. 2 5. Acting Governeor Thos. H. Williams, March 3 to July 1, 1809. 3 s. Bank of Mississippi, Dec. 23, 1809. 1 ^. Location — Natchez. 2^ Capital— $500,000. 3 ^. Provisions of charter. 1 7. Term — Twenty-five years. 2 7. Gave exclusive banking privileges. 3 ^. Directors responsible. 4^. Fate — Voluntarily closed in 1818. 4 5. Attempted organization of State of West Florida, 1810. 5 5. Population 1810, 42,352. 6 5. Coming of the first steamboat. 1 ^. Built at Pittsburg by Fulton and Roosevelt. 2^ Name— "New Orleans." 3 ^ Brought down the Mississippi River by Roose- velt, 1811-1812. 7 s. Acting Governor Henry Dangerfield, Oct. 6, 1811 to June 15, 1812. 8 5. Lands between Pearl and Perdido Rivers added to Mississippi Territory. May 14, 1812 (claimed by Spain until 1819-1821.) 9 5. Creek War. 1«. Battle of Burnt Corn, July 27, 1813; whites 2«. Massacre of Ft. Mims, Aug. 30, 1813; 260 killed, 15 escaped. 3^ Attack on Fort Sinquefield, Sept. 1, 1813; Indians repulsed. 4 ^ Battle of Holy Ground, on Alabama River, Dec. 23, 1813; Indians badly defeated. 5 ^ Battle of Horse Shoe Bend, Tallapoosa River, March 27, 1814; Indians utterly routed. 10 5. War of 1812; Battle of New Orleans, Jan. 8, 1815. 1 ^. Mississippi cavalry under Hinds. 20 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 2^. Mississippi infantry under Wilkins and Bingaman. 115. Acting Governor Nathaniel A. Ware, April, 1815 to May, 1816. 12 s. First Chickasaw cession. 1^ Time— Sept. 20, 1816. 2^. Place — Chickasaw Council House, Lee County. 3 6. Quantity— 408,000 acres of land. 4*^. Consideration — $12,000 a year for ten years; $4,500 for improvements; $100 each to several prominent Indians. 5 ^. United States Commissioners — Jackson, Meri- weather, Franklin. 13 5. Treaty of Choctaw Trading House, Oct. 24, 1816. Land situated east of Tombigbee River and between mouth of Oktibbeha and the first Choctaw line. 14 s. Becoming a State. 1 ^. Preliminaries. 1 7. Enabling Act approved March 1, 1817. 2 7. Territory divided, giving Mississippi present boundaries. 2«. History. 1 7. Election of delegates held June 1-2, 1817. 2^. Number of delegates — 47 from fourteen counties. 3 \ Time— July 7 to Aug. 15, 1817. 47. Place — Washington, in Methodist Church, for the use of which $100 was paid. 5 7. Prominent members — David Holmes, Pres- ident; Lewis Winston, Secretary; George Poindexter, Walter Leake, Gerard C. Brandon, Abram Scott. 6 7. Provisions. 1 ^. Preachers not permitted to hold certain offices. 2 ^. Infidels not permitted to hold any office. 3 ^. Office holders must own property. 4 *. Governor must have lived in the United States 20 years, and in the State, 5 years. 5 *. State officers, except Governor and Lieu- tenant Governor, were to be elected by the Legislature. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 2l 6 ^. Official tenn. 1 '. Governor and Lieutenant Governor, 2 years. 2 9. Representatives, 1 year. 3 9. Senators, 3 years. 7 ''. Constitution put into operation without being submitted to the people. 8 7. State formally admitted, Dec. 10, 1817. 6^ INDEPENDENT STATE, Dec. 10, I8I7, to Jan. 9, I86I. 1 \ Gov. David Holmes, Dec. 10, 1817 to Jan. 5, 1820. 1 3. Biographical Note: (See administration as Territorial Governor). 2^. Capital — Natchez, 1817-1821; but first session of State Legislature convened in Washington, first Monday in October, 1817, owing to the epidemic of yellow fever in Natchez. 3 3. Mississippi Supreme Court organized by the Leg- islature, Jan. 21, 1818. 4 3. Bank of the State of Mississippi chartered; 1818. 1 4. Location — Natchez. 21 Capital— $3,000,000. 3 1 Provisions of charter. is. To exist until 1841. 2 5. To have exclusive banking privileges. 3 s.. Taxed 25 cents on each S;iOO.OO. 4 s. State was authorized to own one-fourth of the capital. 44. Fate — Closed in 1832 because Legislature char- tered the Planters Bank. 53. First denominational school — Elizabeth Female Academy. 1 4. Date — Incorporated Feb. 17, 1819. 2 "i. Location — ^Washington. 3 ". First school chartered by the State. 6 3. Two sections of land donated by the United States for the capital, 1819. 7 ^. One township of land donated by the United States for a State University, 1819. 2 \ Gov. George Poindexter, Jan. 5, 1820 to Jan. 7, 1822. 1 3. Biographical Note: George Poindexter was born in Louisa County, Va., in 1779. He moved to Mississippi and opened a law office in Natchez about 22 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 1802. He was an ardent Democrat and was made Attorney Gen- eral under,Claiborne. He served as delegate to three Congresses, was a leader in the Constitutional Convention of 1817, and was the most influential member in forming the first Constitution of the State. He was the first representative of Mississippi in Congress, and prepared the first Code of the State. He served in the United States Senate from 1830 to 1835; moved to Louis- ville, Ky., in 1838, but returned to Mississippi in 1841. During the last ten years of his life he practiced law in Jackson. He died Sept. 5, 1855, and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson. 2 3. Population, 1820, 75,448. 3 3. Second Choctaw cession. 14. Time— Oct. 18, 1820. 2''. Place — Doak's Stand in Madison County. 3 ^. Consideration — Indians were given an equivalent amount of land west of the Mississippi River and Chief Mashulitubbee was to receive $150 per year for life. 4''. United States Commissioners — Jackson and Hinds. 43. Poindexter's Code; provided for by Legislature Feb. 12, 1821; adopted June, 1822. 53. First fi'ee school — Franklin Academy, 1821. 1 4. Location — Columbus. 2 ■'. Support — Choctaw fund. 6^. The Literary fund, 1821. 1 1 Source — Fines and forfeitures. 2\ Amount— S30,000 in 1836. 3 ''. Fate — Invested in bank stock and lost. 7K Capital at Columbia, 1821-1822. 8 3. Three commissioners appointed to select permanent site for capital, Feb. 12, 1821; on Nov. 28, 1821, Jackson was selected as permanent site. 3 ^ Gov. Walter Leake, Jan. 7, 1822 to Jan. 7, 1826. 1 3. Biographical Note: Walter Leake was born in Albemarl County, Va., May 2, 1762. He fought in the Revolutionary War, was a member of the Vir- ginia Legislature, and a Judge for Mississippi Territory; he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1817, and later a Supreme Judge. Gov. Leake was inaugurated at Columbia, Jan. 7, 1822, and it was during his administration that Jackson was made the capital. He died Nov. 17, 1825, and was buried near Clinton. 2 3. First State house, 1822. 1^ Cost about $3,000. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 2 ■*. Located on the corner of Capitol and President Streets, 3 ^. Sixth session of State Legislature met at Jackson, Dec. 23, 1822. 43. Probate Court established, 1822. 5 K Imprisonment for debt abolished, Jan. 23, 1824 6 \ Ginners' receipts used as money. 7 ^. Contest between Legislature and Supreme Court, 1825. 8k Visit of Lafayette, 1825. • 9 ^ Death of Gov. Leake, Nov. 17, 1825. 10 3. Acting Gov. Brandon, Nov. 17, 1825 to Jan. 7,1826. 4 ^ Gov. David Holmes, Jan. 7, 1826 to Jan. 7, 1828. 1^. Biographical Note; (See administration as Territorial Governor). 2^. Hampstead Academy, now Mississippi College (Clin- ton), chartered, 1826. 3 \ Resignation of Gov. Holmes, Julv 25, 1826. 4 3. Acting Gov. Brandon, July 25, 1826 to Jan. 7, 1828. 5 '. Gov. Gerard C. Brandon, Jan. 7. 1828 to Jan. 9, 1832. 1 3. Biographical Note: Gerard C. Brandon was born September, 1788, at Selma plantation, near Natchez; was a student at Princeton, and grad- uated at William and Mary's College; he studied law and was admitted to the bar, but abandoned the practice to become a planter. He served in the War of 1812, was elected to the Gen- eral Assembly of Mississippi Territory in 1815, and was a mem- ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1817. Gerard Brandon was the first native Mississippian to hold the office of Governor, which office he held for practically three terms. He died on his plantation near Fort Adams, March 28, 1850. 2 3. Grand Council of the Choctaws, 1828. 3 3. Planters Bank of Mississippi chartered. 14. Date— Feb. 10, 1830. 2". Location — -Natchez. 3 4. Capital— $3,000,000. 4 4. Provisions of the charter. 1 5. Chartered for twenty-five years. 2 5. Given right to establish branch banks. 3s. State a stockholder of two-thirds of the capital; State issued $2,000,000 of bonds for this, and repudiated them in 1853. 24 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 5 1 Fate— Failed in the panic of 1837. 4 ^. Third Choctaw cession. 11 Date— Sept. 15, 1830. 2-1. Place — Dancing Rabbit Creek; Noxubee Ccroity. 3". Consideration: 1 5. Equal tract of land west of the Mississippi River. 2 5. $20,000 a year for twenty years. 3 5. Special donations to chiefs. 45. Indians to be moved west at Government's ex- pense. 4 ''. United States Commissioners — Coffee and Eaton. 5 ■*. Note — By this treaty the ChoctawS' gave up the re- mainder of their lands east of the Mississippi River. 5^. Population, 1830, 136,621. 6^. New Constitution: 1''. Preliminaries: 1 5. Legislature, Dec. 15, 1830, authorized the people to vote on the question. 2 s. People voted favorably, August, 1831. 35. Legislature passed act calling a convention, Dec. 16, 1831. 2^. History: 1 5. Time— Sept. 10 to Oct. 28, 1832. 2 s. Place — Jackson. 3s. Prominent members — P. R. R. Pray, President; Gerard C. Brandon, Chas. Lynch, John A. Quitman. Z^. Changes in the Constitution of 1817: 1 s. Property qualifications abolished. 2 s. Life tenure of office abolished. 3 s. Slave traffic abolished. 4 s. Office of Lieutenant Governor abolished. 5 s. Imprisonment for debt abolished. 41 Additions: 1 s. Judicial system established. 1 ^ High Court of Errors and Appeals. 2 *. Stiperior Court of Chancery. 3 *. Circuit Courts. 4^ Probate Courts. 2 s. All officers including Judiciary made elective. 35. Referendum as to State's financial liability es- tablished. , OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 25 6^ Gov. Abram M. Scott, Jan. 9, 1832, to Nov. 20, 1833. 1^ Biographical Note: Abram M. Scott was born in South Carolina, in 1785, and moved to Mississippi in early life. He was Commander of a company in the First Mississippi Regiment in the war against the Creeks, was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1817, and represented Wilkinson County in the State Senate three terms. In 1833 Asiatic cholera made its appearance in the State, but Gov. Scott's feeling of responsibility would not per- mit him to leave his post, and he fell a martyr to his sense of public duty. He died June 12, 1833, and was buried in Green- wood Cemetery, Jackson. 2 3. Constitutional Convention mentioned above, 1832. 3 3. Second Chickasaw cession. 1 ■*. Time — Oct. 22, 1832; supplemental treaty made in 1834. 2'». Place — Pontotoc Creek, Pontotoc County. 3 ". Consideration : 1 5. Indians surrendered remainder of their land east of the Mississippi River. 2 s. United States was to hold ceded lands in trust, pay Indians all moneys received for the same and give them an equivalent amount of land west of the Mississippi River. 3 s. United States Commissioner — Coffee. 4 s. Indians moved at Government's expense, 1835- 1839. 4 3. Appropriation of $95,000 for a new capitol, and SIO.OOO for mansion, Feb. 26, 1833. 5 3. Asiatic cholera epidemic, 1832-1833, 6^. Death of Gov. Scott, of cholera, June 12, 1833. 73. Acting Gov. Chas. Lynch, June 12 to Nov. 20, 1833. 7 ^ Gov. Hiram G. RtinncIIs, Nov. 20, 1833, to Nov. 20, 1835. 1 3. Biographical Note: Hiram G. Runnells was born in Hancock County, Ga., Dec. 15, 1796, and was brought to Mississippi Territory in 1810. He served in the War of 1812, was a member of the Territorial Leg- islature in 1813; was a delaegte to the Constitutional Convention of 1817, a member of the House of Representatives 1818-1820; was Auditor of Public Accounts 1822-1830, and Receiver of Public Moneys in 1830. In 1838 he was elected President of the Union Bank. He moved to Texas in 1840, was a delegate to the first Constitutional Convention of that state, and State Senator in 1855. He died Dec. 17, 1857, and was buried in Glenwood Cemetery, Houston, Texas. 26 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 2 3. Creation of sixteen new counties out of Dancing Rab- bit cession, December, 1833. 3 3. Special session of Legislature. l\ Time— Jan. 19-30, 1835. 2 ''.. Object — To instruct Mississippi's United States Sen- ators to vote for a resolution to expunge from the Senate's records a vote of censure against Presi- dent Jackson. 3 ". Choctaw representatives . 1 5. Authority for election — -Writs of election issued by the Governor. ; 2 5. Outcome — House seated the members but Senatr' refused to work with them. 4 \ Work — Wrangled for eleven days over the admissiojf of Representatives from the new Choctaw Coun ties, and was adjourned by the Governor withou accomplishing anything. ;, 4 3. Interregnum— Nov. 20 to Dec. 3, 1835. i 5 3. Special se-^sion of Senate, called by Secretary of Statf D. C. Dickson, Dec. 3, 1835. John A. Quitma elected President. 6 3. Acting Gov. Quitman, Dec. 3, 1835, to Jan. 7, 1836. 8 ^ Gov. Charles Lynch, Jan. 7, 1836, to Jan. 8, 1838. I 1 3. Biographical Note: Charles Lynch was born in South Carolina in 1783, and mov( ■ to Mississippi some time prior to 1821, devoting himself to fan , ing in Lawrence County. He was elected Probate Judge in 182* but accepted the office with great reluctance, as he had no leg training. He was elected Representative; in 1821, and led the opposition to the United States Bank, and the establishment of a branch in Mississippi. After the close of his term as Governor he was made sole commissioner, and entrusted with the com- pletion of the State House, the Executive Mansion and the Pen- itentiary. He spent the latter years of his life in his country home near Jackson. He died Feb. 9, 1853, and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson. 2 3. State Penitentiary established by Act of Feb. 26, 1836. 33. Congress granted Mississippi 174,000 acres of land in lieu of 16th sections of Chickasaw cession, 1836. 4 3. Contest over Representatives from Chickasaw Coun- ties, 1837. 1 *. Number of counties concerned — Ten. 2 "•. Authority for election — Writs issued by Boards of Police. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 27 3 ''. Chief opponent — S. S. Prentiss. 4". Outcome — Delegates seated. 5'. Union Bank. 1 ''. Location — Natchez. 2 4. Capital—Nominal, $15,500,000; actual, $5,000,000. Z*. Condition — State to loan its bonds to bank for en^ tire amount. 44. Time: 1 s. Original act passed Jan. 21 ,_ 1837. 2s. Original act re-passed, Feb. 5, 1838, as required by the Constitution. 3 s. Supplemental act passed Feb. 15, 1838, requir- ing the Governor to subscribe for $5,000,000 of the stock and pay for the same with bonds. 5''. Outcome: 1 5. The five million dollars received for State bonds was all the money ever actually invested. 2 s. Bank failed and the State repudiated its bonds. 6 3. Panic of 1837. 7 3. Congressional contest — Prentiss and Word vs. Claiborne and Gholson. 1 ''. Reason for first election — An extra session of Con- gress called to meet September, 1837; Mississippi had no Representatives, their terms having ex- pired March 4. 2 4. Special election July, 1837; Claiborne and Gholson were elected, and attended the extra session. 3 4. Regular election, November, 1837 — Prestiss ' and Word were elected. 4 1 The contest proper — Democrats in the House of Representatives claimed that Claiborne and Ghol- son had been elected for the fiill two years, be- ginning in December, 1837; Prentiss made his three-days' speech, January, 1838. 54. The result — -Claiborne and Gholson were unseated by Congress, but this body refused by a tie vote to seat Prentiss and Word. 6". Special election, April, 1838, to fill the vacancy; Prentiss and Word were elected. 9^ Gov. A. G. McNutt, Jan. 8, 1838, to Jan. 10, 1842. 13. Biographical Note: Alexander G.- McNutt was born in Rockbridge County, Va., in 1801, graduated at Washington College, studied law and lo- 28 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. cated at Jackson, Miss.,' but later removed to Vicksburg. In 1835, he became a member of the wState Senate, and in 1837, was elected President of that body. As Governor from 1838 to 1842, he waged a relentless war against the management of the Planters and the Union Banks. In 1848 he was a candidate for Presi- dential elector, and while engaged in this campaign was taken sick and died at Cockrum's Cross Roads in DeSoto County, Oct. 22, 1848. He was buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson. 2 3. Boundary between Mississippi and Tennessee run, 1838. 3 3. New capitol first occupied, April, 1839. 43. Natchez cyclone, 1840. 5 ^. State Penitentiary completed, 1840. 6 K University of Mississippi located at Oxford, Feb. 20,1840. 10 ^ Gov. Tilghman M. Tucker, Jan. 10, 1842, to Jan. 10, 1844. 1^. Biographical Note: Tilghman M. Tucker was born in North Carolina, Feb. 5, 1802; removed in early life with his people to Alabama, and later studied in a law office in Monroe County. Mr. Tucker practiced law in Columbus, was a member of the Legislature from 1830 to 1836, a State Senator from 1838 to 1842, and Governor from 1842 to 1844; in 1843, he was elected to Congress, serving one term. After retiring from office he lived on his Cottonwood plantation in Louisiana. He died in Alabama, April 30, 1859, while visiting his old home, and was buried at Cottonwood. 2 3. Governor's Mansion first occupied, 1842. 3 •'. Levee system first begom, 1842. 43. Legislature repudiated Union Bank bonds, Feb. 18, 1842— S5,000,000 and interest. 5 \ Defalcation of State Treasurer R. H. Graves, S44,836.46. 11 ^ Gov. A. G. Brown, Jan. 10, 1844, to Jan. 10, 1848. 1 3. Biographical Note : Albert G. Brown was born in Chester District, S. C, May 31, 1813, and removed with his parents to Copiah County, Miss., in 1823. He was admitted to the bar in 1833, was a member of the Legislature from 1835 to 1838, being chosen Speaker during his first term. He was elected to Congress in 1830, declined re- election, and was elected Circuit Judge in 1841. After retiring from the Governor's office he served as member of Congress, United States Senator, Captain in the Confederate Army, and Senator in the Confederate Government. After the close of the Civil War he lived quietly at his home in Hinds County, where he died June 12, 1880. He was buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson. 2 3. University of Mississippi incorporated, Feb. 24, 1844. 3 3. State divided for the first time into Congressional dis- tricts, March 4, 1846. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 29 43. Public school system attempted. 1 1. Legislature passed bill for uniform system, the money to be raised by local taxation, March 4, 1846. 2 4. Outcome — Local tax was not voted and the plan failed. 53. Mexican War — Mississippi furnished two regiments, only one of which saw actual service. 12 \ Gov. Jos. W. Matthews, Jan. 10, 1848, to Jan. 10, 1850. 13. Biographical Note: Joseph W. Matthews was born near Huntsville, Ala., in 1812; came to Mississippi in early manhood as a surveyor, and located as a planter in Marshall County. He was a Representative m 1840; was Senator from 1844 to 1848, and Governor from 1848 to 1850. His simple life gave rise to such names as "Jo Salem," "Jo, the Well-digger," and "Old Copperas Breeches." He was not brilliant, but had practical sense and was popular. While on his way to Richmond, Va., he died at Palmetto, Ga., Aug. 27, 1862. 2 3. Act passed Feb. 7, 1848, leasing 174,000 acres of Chick- asaw lands for which $816,615 was received. 33. Institution for the blind established, March 2, 1848. 43. Hutchinson's Code adopted, 1848. 53. University of Mississippi began its first session, Nov. 6, 1848. 13 \ Gov. John A. Qtiitman, Jan. 10, 1850, to Jan. 10, 1852. 13. Biographical Note: John A. Quitman was born Sept. 1, 1798, at Rhinebeck, N. Y. He removed to Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1820, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar the next year; in 1821, he located at Natchez, where he soon achieved prominence. He was a mem- ber of the Legislature in 1827, Chancellor of the State from 1827 to 1835, and member of the Constitutional Convention of 1832. He was a Brigadier-General in the Mexican War, was the first man to raise the United States flag over the City of Mexico, and was appointed Provisional Governor of that country pend- ing the completion of the treaty of peace. He was a member of Congress from 1855 to 1858. He was said to have been the most prominent man in America at the time of his death, which occurred at Natchez, July 17, 1858. 2 3. Population, 1850, 606,526. 3 3. Nashville Convention, 1850, WilHam L. Sharkey, Ch'm. 43. Indictment of Gov. Quitman by Federal Grand Jury, New Orleans. 53. Resignation of Gov. Quitman, Feb. 3, 1851. 30 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 6 3. Acting Gov. Guion, Feb. 3 to Nov. 3, 1851. 7K Interregntrtn, Nov. 4-24, 1851. 8 3. Acting Gov. James Whitfield, Nov. 24, 1851, to Jan. 10, 1852. 93. Foote-Quitman-Davis contest. 1 '». State parties and candidates. 1 s. Union — Henry S. Foote, candidate. 2 5. Democrat — John A. Quitman, candidate. 2 4. State convention. 1 s. Delegates elected first Monday in Sept., 1851. 2 s. Object — Called by Legislature to discuss the po- litical situation. 3 s. Union delegates elected by 7,000 majority. 4 s. Convention in session, Nov. 10-17, 1851. 3 ''. Quitman withdrew from race for Governor. 4 ■*. Jefferson Davis resigning from the United States Senate made the race against Foote. 5 1 Outcome — Foote was elected by 999 majority. 14 \ Gov. H. S. Foote, Jan. 10, 1852, to Jan. 10, 1854. 13. Biographical Note: Henry Stuart Foote was born Sept. 20, 1800, in Fauquier County, Va. After graduation he studied law in Richmond, was admitted to the bar in 1822, and removed to Tuscumbia, Ala., in 1825. In 1830, he located in Natchez, but later removed to Vicksburg. He fought in the war for Texan independence, and in 1839 was a member of the Lower House of Representatives from Hinds County. He was United States Senator from 1847 to 1852. After retiring from the Governor's office he removed to California, but returned to Vicksburg in 1858. Foote op- posed secession, removed to Tennessee, and represented that state in the Confederate Congress. After the close of the war he continued to reside in Tennessee, and was Superintendent of the Mint in New Orleans during the administrations of Grant and Hays. He died in Nashville, Tenn., May 20, 1880. 2 3. Decision of High Court of Errors and Appeals on Union Bank bonds, 1852. The Court affirmed the validity of the bonds. 3 3. Mississippi and Tennessee Railroad incorporated, 1852. •43. McClung's eulogy on Clay, 1852. 53. Kossuth's visit. 6 3. Jefferson Davis became Secretary of War, 1853. 7 3. Planters' Bank bonds repudiated by the people. 8 3. Resignation of Gov. Foote, Jan. 5, 1854. 93. Acting Gov. John J. Pettus, Jan. 5-10, 1854. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 31 15 ^ Gov. John J. McRae, Jan. 10, 1854, to Nov. 16, 1857. 1 3. Biographical Note : John J. McRae was born at Sneedsboro, N. C, Jan. 10, 1815, and removed with his parents to Mississippi in 1817. He re- ceived his early education at Pascagoula, and graduated at Miami University, Ohio, in 1834. He practiced law at Pearl- mington, founded the Eastern Clarion at Paulding, was repre- sentative from Clarke County from 1847 to 1851, and by ap- pointment served as United States Senator from December, 1851, to March 7, 1852; in 1858 he was elected to Congress and served until his State seceded in 1861. He represented Mississippi in the first Confederate Congress. He died in Be- lise, British Honduras, May 31, 1868, and was buried there. 2 5. Deaf and Dumb Institute founded, 1854. 3 ^. Attempt at public school system. 43. Code of 1857 adopted; prepared by W. L. Sharkey, Henry T. Ellett and Wm. L. Harris. 5 '. Jacob Thompson became Secretary of War. 16 ^ Gov. Wm. McWiUie, Nov. 16, 1857, to Nov. 21, 1859. 1 3. Biographical Note : William McWillie was born in South Carolina, Nov. 17, 1795, graduated in 1817, began immediately the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1818. In 1845 he removed to Madison County, Mississippi, and served in Congress from 1849 to 1851. Gov. McWillie was very conservative, and was among the last to abandon all hopes for a peaceful settlement of the States Rights question. He died at Kirkwood, his country home, in Madison County, March 3, 1869, and was buried there. 2 3. Illinois Central railroad completed to Jackson, 1858. 3 3. Slavery agitation. 1 ". John Brown's raid, 1859. 2*. $150,000 for arms by Mississippi Legislature. 3 ". Robert J. Walker made Governor of Kansas. 43. Whitworth College estabhshed, 1859. 7\ SECESSION, Jan. 9, I86I, to Feb. 24, 1870. 1 ^ Gov. John J. Pcttws, Nov. 21, 1859, to Nov. 16, 1863. 1 3. Biographical Note: John J. Pettus was born in Wilkinson County, Tenn., Oct. 9, 1813, located in Kemper County, Miss., early in life, and from 1844 to 1848 he represented that county in the Legislature. He was in the State Senate from 1848 to 1858. Gov. Pettus was a great advocate of States Rights and is known as the "War Governor". After the close of the Civil War Pettus moved to Arkansas, and died Jan. 27, 1867. 32 ■ OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 2 3. Population, 1860, 791,305. 3 3. Secession. 1 *. Special session of the Legislature. is. Convened, Nov. 26, 1860. 2 s. Act providing for the Convention passed Nov. 28, 1860. 2*. Delegates elected to Convention, Dec. 20, 1860. 3''. Convention met, Jan. 7, 1861. 4". Secession ordinance passed, Jan. 9, 1861, by a vote of 84 to 15; re-adopted Constitution of 1832, substi- tuting C. S. A. for U. S. A. 5 4. Convention adjourned, Jan. 26, 1861. 43, Resignation of Mississippi Congressmen, Jan. 21, 1861, 53. Confederate Government formed at Montgomery, Feb. 4, 1861. 63. Jefferson Davis elected President of the Confederacy, Feb. 9, 1861. 7 3. State Convention reassembled at call of its President and ratified Constitution of Confederacy, March 25, 1861. 8 3. University of Mississippi closed, 1861. 9 3. War on Mississippi soil. 1 ". Vicksburg campaigns. May 18, 1862, to July 4, 1863. 1 s. Farragut's attempt, by river. May- July, 1862. 2 5. Sherman's attempt, Memphis to Chickasaw Bayou, driven back by S. D. Lee, Dec, 1862-Jan., 1863. 3 5. Grant's success, May 18-July 4, 1863. 1^ Grant's army— 75,648 men, 220 guns. 2^. Porter's navy — Equal to army. 3^. Pemberton's army — 15,500 in trenches. 4 ^ Two assaults. May 18, 22. 17. Federals engaged— 30,000 ; loss, 4,380. 2 7. Confederates engaged — 9,939. 2 *. Holly Springs, December, 1862, Earl Van Dorn de- stroyed $2,000,000 worth of Grant's stores, delaying his campaign against Vicksburg. 3 \ Chickasaw Bayou, Dec. 29, 1862. 1 s. Sherman — 33,000 men. 2 5. S. D. Lee— 2,500 men. 3 s. Losses — Sherman, 1,776; Lee, 120. 4 s. Result — Sherman defeated and his move against Vicksburg abandoned. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 33 4*. Grierson's Raid, Lagrange, Tenn., to Baton Rouge, La., with 1,700 men, April-May, 1863. 5 ". Sherman's March, Vicksburg to Brandon and re- turn, July, 1863. 2 ^ Gov. Charles Clark, Nov. 16, 1863, to Nov. 22, 1865. 1^. Biographical Note: Charles Clark was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1810, located in Jefferson County in 1841, taught school and studied law at the same time. He represented his county in the Legislature from 1838 to 1844, was a member of the Second Regiment of Mississippi troops in the Mexican War and was elected Colonel after the resignation of Col. Reuben O. Davis. From 1856 to 1861 he represented Bolivar County in the Legislature. He fought in the Civil War and was seriously wounded in the battle of Baton Rouge. At the close of the War he was removed from the Governor's office and imprisoned at Fort Pulaski, Ga. After his release he returned to the practice of law in Bolivar County. In 1876, he was appointed Chancellor of the Fourth District. He died at his home, Dec. 17, 1877, and was buried there. 2^. War on Mississippi soil. 1 ''. Sherman's March from Vicksburg to Meridian and return, February to May, 1864. 2 4. Wm. Sooy Smith, from Memphis to West Point, February, 1864. 1 s. Purpose — To aid Sherman at Meridian. 2 s. Force — 7,000 picked troops. 3 s. Result — Driven back to Memphis by Forrest with 2,500 troops. S*. Sturgis' raid — Memphis to Brice's Cross Roads, June, 1864. 1 s. Purpose : 1 ^ To destroy M. & O. railroad. 2^. To capture General Forrest. 2 s. Outcome — Battle of Bryce's Cross Roads, June 10, 1864. 1 ^ Force engaged : 1^. Sturgis— 8,000; loss, 4,000. 2 7. Forrest— 3,000; loss, 493. 2 ^. Result — Sturgis defeated by Forrest and forced to return to Memphis. 44. A. J. Smith — Memphis to Harrisburg, July, 1864. 1 s. Purpose — To capture Forrest. 34 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 2 5. Outcome— Battle of Hamsburg, July 14, 1864. 1 *. Force engaged : 17. Smith— 15,000; loss, 674. 2 7. Forrest— 6,500; loss, 1,326. 2 ^. Result — Battle a draw, but Smith withdrew to Memphis. 3 3. Gov. Clark's proclamation, May 6, 1865. 1 4. Announced close of the war. 2 4. Called Legislature to meet in Jackson, May 18, 1865. 3 ''. Directed officers to preserve order. 4^. Begged citizens to be patriotic. 43. Clark's arrest and imprisonment, May 22, 1865. 53. Military in control of the State Government, May 22 to June 13. 1865. 3 ^ Provisional Gov. W. L. Sharkey, June 13 to Oct. 16, 1865. 1 3. Biographical Note : William L. Sharkey was born in Tennessee in 1797, and re- moved with his parents to Warren County, Mississippi, in 1803. He fought in the Battle of New Orleans, attended college at Greenville, Tenn., studied law at Lebanon, Tenn., and in 1822 was admitted to the bar, opening an office in Warrenton, but later removing to Vicksburg. He was a member of the Legisla- ture in 1828-'29, a Circuit Judge in 1832, Chief Justice of the High Court of Errors and Appeals from 1833 to 1850. In 1848 he declined a Cabinet position under President Taylor. He was Consul to Cuba for a short time during the administration of President Filmore, and later declined the position of Secretary of War. Following his term as Provisional Governor he was elected to the United States Senate biit was not allowed to take his seat. He died in Washington, D. C, July 30, 1873, and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson. 2 3. Constitutional Convention. 1 ", Delegates elected, Aug. 7, 1865. 2 4. Convention in session, Aug. 14-28, 1865. 3^. Its work: 1 s. Rescinded Ordinance of Secession. 2 5. Ratified Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. 3 3. Election for State officers held Oct. 2, 1865. 43. Black Code of October, 1865. 1 *. Provisions : 1 5. Required freedmen to have employment by Jan. 1, 1866. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 35 2*. Prohibited their renting or leasing land except in incorporations. 2 4. Outcome — Repealed. ^ Gov. B. G. Humphreys, Oct. 16, 1865, to June. 15, 1868 1 3. Biographical Note : Benjamin G. Humphreys was born in Claiborne County, Mis- sissippi, Aug. 26, 1808, attended school in Tennessee, and in New Jersey. In 1825 he received an appointment to West Point but was dismissed in 1827. In 1839 he was a member of the House of Representatives from Claiborne County, and member of the Senate from 1840 to 1844. He was a gallant soldier in the Civil War and was wounded at Berryville, Va. He was the first Governor elected in the state after the Civil War, and was ejected from office in 1868 by order of Gen. McDowell. After his retirement from office he lived in Jackson, Vicksburg and later on his plantation in Leflore County, where he died Dec. 20, 1882. 23. Mississippi Congressmen denied seats, 1865. 33. Freedmen's Bureau, 1865. 43. University of Mississippi opened, October, 1865. 53. Extra session of Legislature, October, 1866. 1 ". Fourteenth Amendment rejected, Oct. 15, 1866. 2*. Incorporated twenty-two industries, including Wes- son Mills. 3^. Appointed Commissioners G. M. Hillyer and Robert Lowry to beg for release of Jefferson Davis from Fortress Monroe. 6 3. Code of 1866, by E. G. Goode, R. S. Hudson and Wm. Hemingway adopted. 7 3. Reconstruction Act, March 23, 1867. 8 3. Gen. E. O. C. Ord, Military Commander of Fourth District, composed of Mississippi and Arkansas, March 27, 1867, to Jan. 9, 1868. 93. Gen. A. C. Gillen, Military Commander, Fotirth Dis- trict, Jan. 9 to June 4, 1868. 10 3. Constitutional Convention (Black and Tan Convention) . 1 ". Authority — Military order issued by Gen. Ord. 2\ Delegates elected, Nov. 5, 1867. 3''. Convention in session, Jan. 6 to May 18, 1868. 4 ". Personnel : IS. B. B. Eggleston, President. 2 s. Classification of members. 1 ^. Nineteen Democrats. 2^. Nineteen carpet-baggers. 36 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 3 *. Thirty scalawags. 4 ^. Seventeen negroes. 5". Cost: is. Salaries: 1 ^. President — Twenty dollars a day and forty cents mileage. 2*. Members — Ten dollars a day and forty cents mileage. 3 *. Chaplain — Ten dollars a day. 4 ^. Assistants — Five dollars to fifteen dollars a day. 2 5. Sample items of personal expense : 1^. Daily newspapers for members, $3,670.13. 2^ Stationery, $1,927.27. 35. Printing: 1 ^ Daily proceedings, $28,518.75. 2^'. Permanent records, $31,337.00. 45. Total cost about $250,000.00. 6^. Adoption: 1 5. Defeated bv vote of 63,860 to 55,231, June 22-30, 1868. 2 s. Ratified, more objectionable parts being left out, Nov. 30 to Dec. 1, 1869. 7 •*. Additions and changes as compared with former Constitutions : 1 s. Probate Courts abolished. 2 s. Name of High Court of Errors and Appeals changed to Supreme Court. 3 s. Judges made appointive, and terms made nine years. 4 s. Terms of other State officers made four years. 5 s. Boards of Police changed to Boards of Supervisors. 6 s. Office of Lieutenant Governor re-established. 7 s. Provision made for public school system. 8 s. Office of State Superintendent of Education es- tablished. 11^. Gen. Irwin McDowell, Military Commander of Fourth District, June 4 to July 4, 1868. 12''. All State officers removed by order of Gen. McDowell, June 15, 1868. 5 ^ Military Gov. Adelbcrt Ames, June 15, 1868, to Jan. 10, 1870. I-'. Biographical Note: Adclbert Ames was born in Rockland, Maine, Oct. 3, 1835, graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1861, and OUT LINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 37 served through the Civil War. In 1866 he was assigned to military duty in Mississippi, and in 1868 was appointed Mili- tray Governor of the State. He served as United States Sen- ator from 1870 to 1873. In 1874 he assumed the duties of Gov- ernor, serving until 1876, when he was impeached. Upon his promise to resign, the impeachment charges were withdrawn and he resigned March 29. After leaving the state, he went to Massachusetts, settling in Lowell, where he still resides. He was a paymaster in the Spanish-American War in 1898. 2 3. Gen. A. C. Gillen, Military Commander of the Fourth District, July 4, 1868, for a short time. 3 3. Governor Ames appointed Military Commander of the Fourth District, serving in both capacities until March 10, 1870. 4 3. Constitution re-submitted. (See above.) 5 3. General election, Nov. 30 to Dec. 1, 1869. 6 3. Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments ratified Jan. 15, 1870. IK Population, 1870, 828,000. 8 3. Mississippi Congressmen re-admitted, Feb. 24, 1870. 8^ REUNION, Feb. 24, 1870, to Present Time. 1 \ Gov. J. L. Alcorn, March 10, 1870, to Jan. 22, 1874. 1 3. Biographical Note : James Lusk Alcorn was born Nov. 4, 1816, at Lusk's (now Berry's) Ferry, on the Ohio River, near Golconda, 111., was educated at Cumberland College, Princeton, Ky., taught school for awhile, served as deputy sheriff for five years, and was elected to the Kentucky Legislature. Later he studied law, was admitted to the bar, and located at Delta, Coahoma County, Miss. Twice he represented his county in the Legislature, and was State Senator from 1848 to 1856. He originated the levee system for the Mississippi- Yazoo Delta. He opposed secession, but signed the ordinance when Mississippi decided to secede. He was Brigadier-General of Mississippi Army, and assisted in organizing State troops for duty. He was a member of the Lower House of the Mississippi Legislature in 1865, and was elected Senator, but was not permitted to take his seat in the National Congress. The Republicans elected him Governor in 1869 and Senator in 1870. His last public service was to represent Coahoma County in the Constitutional Convention of 1890. He died Dec. 20, 1894. 2 3. Establishment of State Normal (colored) at Holly Springs, 1870. 3 3. Public school laws enacted, 1870. 43. Meridian riot, March 6, 1871. 38 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 53. Establishment of Alcorn A. & M. College (colored), Rodney, May 3, 1871. 6 3. Resignation of Gov. Alcorn, Nov. 30, 1871. 7 ^ Acting Gov. R. C. Powers, Nov. 30, 1871, to Jan. 22,1874. 1 4. Biographical Note : Ridgley Ceylon Powers was born in Ohio, Dec. 24, 1836, graduated at the University of Michigan, and took post- graduate course at Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. He enlisted as a private in the Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was made Second Lieutenant, and assigned to duty in the Army of the Cumberland. After the war he located near Shuqua- lak in Noxubee County, engaged in farming, and served by appointment as sheriff in 1868, under military rule. He was elected Lieutenant Governor by the Republicans in 1869, and upon the resignation of Alcorn became Governor. In 1879 Gov. Powers removed to Prescott, Arizona, and later to California. He died in Brawley, Cal., Nov. 11, 1912. 21 First general election for coxmty officers since 1866 held in 1871. 31 Public schools put in operation, 1871. 4 4. Alcom-Ames controversy, 1873. 5". Extra session of the Legislature, 1873. 1 s. Purpose — To harmonize election laws. 2 s. Work — Nothing satisfactory. 2 ^ Gov. Adelbcrt Ames, Jan. 22, 1874, to Jan. 10, 1878. 1^ Biographical Note: (See previous administration). 2 3. Wesson Mills rebuilt, 1874. 3 3. Enormous rise in tax rate. 4 ^ Extra session of the Legislature, 1874. 53. Riots: 1 4. Vicksburg, over bonds of county officers, 1874. 2 4. Clinton, occasion of barbecue and speaking, 1875. 3 '». Yazoo City, social equality, 1875. 6 3. Extra session of the Legislature, 1875. 73. Taxpayers' Convention, Jan., 1875. 8 3.* Election contest of 1875. 1 ''. Dernocratic Convention, James Z. George, Chair- man, Aug. 3. 2 ''. Negro militia organized. 3 ''. Peace committee waited on Ames, Oct. 30. 4 1 Election held, Nov. 3 , Democrats victorious. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 39 93. Meeting of Legislature, 1876. 1 '». Convened Jan. 4, H. M. Street elected Speaker of the House. 2 ^. Impeachment of State officials : 1 5. Superintendent of Education, T. W. Cardoza, (colored), resigned under twelve charges, Feb. 22. 2 s. Gov. Ames, Feb. 22 to March 29. 1 ^. Charges — Twenty-three in number. 2 ^. Outcome — Allowed to resign, March 29, charges being withdrawn by agreement. 3 5. Lieutenant Gov. A. K. Davis, convicted, March 13. 3 ". Acting Gov. J. M. Stone, March 29, 1876, to Jan. 10, 1878. 1 s. Biographical Note : John Marshall Stone was born April 30, 1830, in Gibson County, Tenn., where he received a common school education. He taught for awhile in his native county, re- moved to Mississippi and accepted a position as clerk in a country store in Tishomingo County. In 1855 he was station agent at luka for the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, where he remained until 1861. He was elected Captain of the luka Rifles, and on April 12, 1862, was elected Colonel of the Regiment. He was Senior Colonel of Davis' Brigade, and gained special distinction in Stone- wall Jackson's flank attack at the battle of Chancellors- ville. In 1861 he was elected to the State Senate, and served throughout the Reconstruction period. Upon the impeachment of the negro Lieut.-Gov. Davis, and the resignation of Gov. Ames, he assumed the duties of Gov- ernor. In 1886 he was appointed a member of the Mis- sissippi Railroad Commission. After retiring from offi- cial life he served for a short time as President of the A. & M. College. He died at Holly Springs, March 26, 1900, and was buried at luka. 2 s. Political reforms. 3 s. Federal troops withdrawn, 1877. . Gov. J. M. Stone, Jan. 10, 1878, to Jan. 9, 1882. 1 3, Act passed establishing A. & M. College at Starkville, Feb. 28, 1878. 2 5. Yellow fever epidemic, 1878. 3 3. Finances. 4 3. Population in 1880, 1,131,000. 53. A. & M. College, Starkville, opened, October, 1880. 40 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 4 \ Gov. Robert Lowry, Jan. 9, 1882, to Jan. 16, 1890. 1^. Biographical Note: Robert Lowry was born March 10, 1831, in South Carolina. After coming to Mississippi he engaged in the mercantile busi- ness for about six years, later moving to Arkansas, where he read law and was admitted to the bar. Returning to Missis- sippi he practiced law until the beginning of the Civil War. In 1861 he enlisted as a private, was elected Major of the Sixth Mississippi Regiment and was commissioned Colonel of the Regiment in 1862. At the battles of Corinth, Port Gibson and Baker's Creek he led his regiment, and was with Johnson during the siege of Vicksburg. In 1865 the Democrats elected him to the State Senate and he was elected Governor twice. He and W. H. McCardle published a history of Mississippi in 1891. He died Jan. 19, 1910, at Jackson. 2 3. Railroad Commission created, 1882. 3 3. Mississippi River overflow, 1882. 4 3. Great industrial development. 5 3. Railroad building. 6 3. Co-education inaugurated at the University, 1883. IK I. I. & C. established, 1884; opened Oct. 22, 1885. 8 3. Visit of Jefferson Davis to Jackson, March 10, 1884. 9 3. East Mississippi Insane Hospital established, 1884. 10'. Local option law passed, 1886. 113. School laws remodeled, 1886. 12 3. Death of Jefferson Davis, New Orleans, Dec. 6, 1889. 13 3. Defalcation of State Treasurer, W. L. Hemingway, for about $316,000.00. b\ Gov. J. M. Stone, Jan. 16, 1890, to Jan. 21, 1896. 1 3. Biographical Note : (See previous administration). 2 3. Pearl River County formed, 1890. 33. Population, 1890, 1,289,000. 43. New Constitution adopted, 1890. 1 ''. Act providing for the same passed, Feb. 5. 2 4. Delegates to the Convention elected, July 29. 3''. Convention in session, Aug. 12 to Nov. 1. Is. Prominent members: 1*. President, S. S. Calhoun; Secretary, R. E. Wilson. 2^. Chairmen of Committees: Legislative, H. M. Street; Judiciary, Wiley P. Harris; Executive, W. G. Yerger; Franchise, R. C. Patty; Bill of Rights, Edward Mayes; MiHtia, Gen. W. S. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 41 Featherston; Education, Gen. S. D. Lee; Cor- porations, H. L. Muldrow; Temperance, J. B. Chrisman; Convicts, R. A. Dean. 3*. United States vSenators in the body: J. Z. George, J. L. Alcorn, A. J. McLaurin. 2 5. Principal articles: 1 *. Franchise, Article 12 and Ordinance. 2 ^. Penitentiary and Prisons, Article 10. 3 \ Education, Article 8. 4^. Corporations, Article 7. 5*^. General Provisions, Article 14. 3 •'. Term of State officers extended two years. 4 1 Constitution not submitted to people for ratification. 5^. Confederate monument unveiled, June 3, 1891. bK Code of 1892, R. H. Thompson, Geo. C. Dillard, R. B. Campbell. 7 ^. Millsaps College opened, Sept. 29, 1892. 8 ^. Additional township of land donated to the University of Mississippi, 1894. 6^ Gov. A. J. McLaurin, Jan. 21, 1896, to Jan. 16, 1900. 1^. Biographical Note: Anslem Joseph McLaurin was born March 26, 1848, at Bran- don, Miss., was reared on a farm, and enlisted in the army at the age of sixteen. After the war he was a student at Summer- ville Institute, studied law at home, was admitted to the bar and located at Raleigh, Smith County. He was District At- torney, Representative from Rankin County in 1879, delegate from Rankin County to the Constitutional Convention in 1890, was elected United States Senator in 1894, and elected Governor in 1895. He was re-elected United States Senator in 1900, took his seat March 4, 1901; re-elected Jan. 20, for a term of six years, beginning March 4, 1907. He died at Brandon, Dec. 24, 1909. 2 3. Special session of the Legislature, 1897. 1 1 Purpose — To provide for a new capital. 2 4. Work— Adopted the "Gordon Plan". The Governor vetoed the bill and the session adjourned. 3 3. Veto of L I. & C. appropriation, 1898. 43. War with Spain; Mississippi furnished three regiments. 53. Death of Senator George at Mississippi City, August 14, 1897. 6^ Death of Senator Walthall at Washington, D. C, April 21, 1898. 7 3. Yellow fever epidemics, 1898 and 1899. 42 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 7 ^ Gov. A. H. Longino, Jan. 16, 1900, to Jan. 19, 1904. 1^. Biographical Note: Andrew Houston Longino was born in Lawrence County, Mississippi, May 16, 1854, graduated from Mississippi College in 1875, and served four years as clerk of his county. In 1881 he graduated from the Law Department of the University of Virginia, and was admitted to the bar that year, locating at Monticello. From 1880 to 1884 he was State Senator, United vStates District Attorney for Southern District of Mississippi from 1888 to 1890. After retiring from Attorney's office he located at Greenville for the practice of law. He was appointed Chancellor of the Seventh District by Gov. Stone and re-ap- pointed by Gov. McLaurin, removing in the meantime to Green- ville. Since retiring from the Governor's office in 1904, he has resided in Jackson, devoting himself to the practice of law and the promotion of business enterprises. 23. Population, 1900, 1,551,270. 3 3. New capitol, 1900-1903. 1 ^. Act passed for its erection, and $1,000,000 appro- priated, Feb 21, 1900 2\ Comer stone laid, June 3, 1903. 31 Occupied, 1903. 43. Additional penal lands bought. 53. Mississippi-Louisiana boundary dispute settled; Louis- iana won. 63. New State offices: 1 1 Department of Archives and History, Feb. 26, 1902. 2 4. Department of Insurance, March 5, 1902. 73. Primary Election law passed, 1902. 8 3. Yazoo canal dug (Vicksbiu-g). 93. Remnant of Choctaws removed west. 8^ Gov- J. K. Vardaman, Jan. 19, 1904, to Jan. 21, 1908. 1 3. Biographical Note : James Kimble Vardaman was born in Jackson County, Texas, July 26, 1861, removed to Mississippi in early life and attended the public schools of Yalobusha County. He studied law and located in Winona in 1882. He engaged in different newspaper enterprises, removed to Greenwood, and was a member of the House of Representatives from Leflore County in 1894, being Speaker the latter part of the session. He served in the Spanish- American War, was the first Governor nominated by general primary and inaugurated in the new capitol. In 1912 he was elected United States Senator for the full term beginning March 4, 1913. 2 3. State uniformity in text-books provided, 19o4. 33. Lamar County created, 1904. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 43 4^. Provision made for new buildings for Deaf and Dumb Institution, 1904. 5 3. Forrest and Jefferson Davis Counties created in 1906. 6 K Code of 1906 prepared by A. H. Whitfield, W. H. Hardy and T. C. Catchings. 7 3. Department of Agriculture created, 1906. 8 3. Geographical and topographical survey of the state. 9^. First foreign cargo received at Giilfport, August, 1904. 10 ^. Beauvoir bought and equipped as a soldier's home. 11 ^ Negro Normal at Holly Springs killed by veto of bill appropriating money for its support. 9^ Gov. E. F. Noelt Jan. 21, 1908, to Jan. 16, 1912. 1 3. Biographical Note: Edmund Favor Noel was born in Holmes County, Missis- sippi, March 4, 1856, was educated in the country schools and in the high school at Louisville, Ky. He studied law under private instruction, was admitted to the bar in 1877, and lo- cated at Lexington, Mississippi. Mr. Noel was elected Rep- resentative in 1881, District Attorney in 1887, State Senator in 1895, and again in 1899. While serving as State Senator he secured the passage of the present Primary Election law, abolishing party conventions and substituting therefor party primaries for nominating all party candidates. Upon retiring from the Governor's office in 1912 Mr. Noel resumed the prac- tice of law at Lexington. 23. State wide prohibition law passed, 1908. 33. Agricultural high schools provided for, 1908. 4 3. Death of Senator McLaurin, Dec. 24, 1909. 53. State Normal College. 1 ". Provided for, March 30, 1910. 2''. Located in Hattiesburg with a bonus of 840 acres of land and $250,000 from city and county. 3 1 Opened first session, Sept. 18, 1912, with 250 students. 6 3. Death of Ex-Gov. Lowry, Jan. 19, 1910. 73. Population, 1910, 1,797,114. 83. George County created, March 10, 1910. 93. New offices: 1^. Supreme Court Commissioners, created 1910; abol- ished 1912. 2 4. County Attorney, created 1910; made optional with the different counties in 1912. 103. Adoption of depository system for State funds. 113. Bond issue of 1910 and wrangle about the same. 12 3. Strike of I. C. Railroad employees. 44 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 133. State Charity Hospital, March 30, 1910. 14 3. Extra session of Legislature, December, 1911, to adjust bond issue complications. 10 ^ Gov. E. L. Brewer, Jan. 16, 1912- 1 K Biographical Note : Earl LeRoy Brewer was born in Carroll County, Aug. 11, 1869, attended the country schools, graduated in law in the University of Mississippi in 1892, and located at Water Valley for the practice of his profession. He served as State Senator from 1896 to 1900, as District Attorney from 1902 to 1907. In the latter year he was defeated for Governor, but in 1911, was elected without opposition and was inaugurated Jan. 16, 1912. 23. Legal contract rate of interest changed from 10 per cent to 8 per cent, 1912. 3 3. Rural school consolidation laws improved, 1912. 43. Mississippi River overflow, 1912. 53. Improvement at Soldiers' Home. 6 3. Walthall County created, subject to vote of people in proposed county, 1912. 73. Death of C. H. Alexander, 1912. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 45 TOPICAL OUTLINE. Georgia Claims. vSee pages 13, 14 for full discussion. French Proprietors. 1 ^ Anthony Crozat, 1712-1717. 2 \ John Law and his Company, 1717-1732. Black Codes. 1 \ Bienville's Black Code, 1724. 2 ^ Black Code of 1865. Constitutions. 1'. Constitution of 1817. 2\ Constitution of 1832. 3'. Constitution of 1868-'69. 4\ Constitution of 1900. Banks. 1\ Bank of Mississippi, 1809. 2 \ Bank of the State of Mississippi, 1818. 3 ^ Planters' Bank of Mississippi, 1830. 4^ Union Bank, 1837-'38. 5 ^ Decision of High Court of Errors and Appeals on validity of State bonds, proceeds of which had been invested in stock of Planters' and Union Banks, 1853. Codes. 1 \ Sargent's Code, 1799. 2 \ Toulmin's Digest, 1805. 3^ Poindexter's Code, 1822. 4'. Hutchinson's Code, 1848. 5'. Code of 1857. 6 K Code of 1866. 7 \ Code of 1892. 8^ Code of 1906. Eight Epochs. 1 ^ Exploration, 1538-1682. 2 ^ French Territory, 1682-1763. 3 ^ English Territory, 1763-1783. 4 ^ Spanish Territory, 1783-1795. 5 ^ United States Territory, 1795-1817. 6^ Independent State, 1817-1861. 7 ^ Secession, 1861-1870. 8^ Reunion, 1870-1913. 46 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. Extra Sessions of the Legislature. 1'. Runnells, 1835. 2\ Pettus, 1860. 3 '. Humphreys, 1866. 4^ Powers, 1873. 5^ Ames; l^ First, 1874. 2\ Second, 1875. 6'. McLaurin, 1897. 1\ Noel, 1911. Territorial Acquisition. 1 ^ By occupation — The original Mississippi Territory, 1798. 2 \ By gift— The twelve-mile strip, 1804. 3 '. By annexation — Coast addition, 1812. 4 ^ By purchase : 1 ^ From Georgia, 1802. 2 ^. From Indians : 13. Choctaws: 14. Old Natchez District, 1777-1801. 2 -•. First Choctaw Cession, 1805. 3 ''. Second Choctaw Cession, 1820. 4 4. Third Choctaw Cession, 1830. 2 2. From Chickasaws: 1 ". First Chickasaw Cession, 1816. 2 4. Second Chickasaw Cession, 1832. Capitals. 1 ^ Ocean Springs, 1699-1701. 2'. Dauphin Island, 1701-1710. 3^ Mobile, 1710-1717. 4'. Biloxi, 1717-1723. 5'. New Orleans, 1723-1763. 6\ Pensacola, 1763-1783. 7^ Natchez, 1783-1802. 8^ Washington, 1802-1817. 9'. Natchez, 1817-1821. 10 ^ Columbia, 1821-1822. \\\ Jackson, 1822- NoTE.(a) Between the dates 1802 and 1821 the Legislature met sometimes at Natchez and sometimes at Washington. (6) From 1861 to 1865 the seat of government was tempo- rarily moved from place to place, to escape Federal troops. INDIAN CESSIONS AND EARLY ROADS. ©Nashville 35P CHOCTAW 1&30 St^TEPHENS. 48 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. Beginnings. 1 ^ First settlement and capital, Ocean Springs, 1699. 2 ^ First cargo of slaves, 1720. 3'. First Church: l^ Catholic, 1699. 2 ^. Congregationalist, 1772. 3^ Baptist, 1791. 4^ Methodist, 1799. 5^ Presbyterian, 1804. 6^ Episcopal, 1820. 4\ Educational: 1 ^ First public school for girls, 1801. 2 ^ First college, 1802. 3 ^. First denominational academy, 1818. 4^. First public school for both sexes, 1821. 5^ First cotton gin, 1795. 6 \ First newspaper, 1799. 7\ First steamboat, 1812. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 49 , MISSISSIPPI IN WAR. 1 \ Natchez Wars. l^ First, 1716. 2\ Second, 1729-1731. 2 ^ Chickasaw Wars. 1 ^ First expedition, 1736. 2\ Second Expedition, 1740. 3^ Third Expedition, 1752-1753. 3 \ Revolotionary War, 1776-1783. 4'. Creek War, 1813-1814. 5^ War of I8I2, 1812-1814. 6 \ Mexican War, 1846-1847. 1 ^ Forces furnished — Two regiments, besides many indi- vidual volunteers. 2\ Men: 1 3. Governors afterwards — Charles Clark, Robert Lowry, John A. Quitman. 2 3. Senators afterwards — Jefferson Davis, J. Z. George. 33. In Civil War: 1 ^. Wm. Barksdale, killed at Gettysburg. 2 4. Richard Griffith, killed in Seven Days' Battles. 3 ''. Carnot Posey, killed at Brandy Station. 44. M. P. Lowrey and Earl Van Dorn. 4^ A. B. Bradford, Reuben Davis, J. H. Kilpatrick, A. G. McClung, E. R. Price. 3^ Exploits: 1 3. First Regiment at Monterey. 2 3. V formation at Beuna Vista. 3 3. Raised United States flag over Mexico City, John A. Quitman. 43. Governor of Mexico, John A. Quitman. 7 '. Civil War. 1 ^. Mississippians outside the State. 1 3. In campaigns: 1 ''. To defend Richmond — Wm. Barksdale, Jos. R. Davis, N. H. Harris, B. G. Humphreys, Richard Griffith, Carnot Posey, J. M. Stone. 2 ''. To defend Mississippi River points — Wirt Adams, I. N. Brown, J. R. Chalmers, H. L. Muldrow, S. D. Lee, T. R. Stockdale, Earl Van Dorn. WAR ON MISSISSIPPI SOU, I862-I864. a w JS o ^• E. 3 o •^ o t-^ '-'-•'•'>. • rl-s. ~ a! .^ (U 3'^ rt— ^-T) <4 so MO _ v-^ . ruinsbur ort Gibs aymond nampior aker's C g Black icksburg meL,fc;ompq> d ffidcQ i mDH'pcJdmpQV ! T K ^ ID " gQ • Co .-* Co . — I fj o-tS Ox: u>3ko Uh-;Kd bo bo .Q.O t. cfi w 3 o o-^ >>% ^ IT. 'Ti 3 S <« C m2 ° 2 E c "- t- t- •- Ql Si 5 • c H el's '^ c ^ &2 . COCO < ca-O c^Wco . 6 e .-5(1:3 _g C 3 I •-iNw^io . First session opened, Nov. 6, 1848. 5 ^. Enlarged as to buildings, apparaturs, etc., 1856. 6 ^ Closed for Civil War, faculty and students en- listing, 1861. 56 ' OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 7«. Re-opened, October, 1865, J. N. Waddell, Chancellor. 8 *. Preparatory department organized, 1865. 9 ^. Agricultural department maintained from 1872 to 1878. 10 ^ Made co-educational, June, 1882. 11^. Preparatory department abolished, 1892. 2 5. Support: 1 ^ From sale of land granted by United States in 1819, $277,332.52. 2K Original Seminary Fund of $544,061.22, on which the State pays 6 per cent. 3 ^. Township of land granted by United States in 1894, income from proceeds of sale being $9,359.16 per annum. 4^ Appropriations from State Treasury for both equipment and support. 35. Appropriations: 1^ For support, Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914. 1 ■'. Interest on Seminary and Land Grant Funds held in trust by the State, $84,155.97. 2 7. Supplement to Seminary and Land Grant Funds, $64,500. 2 ^ For special and miscellaneous purposes, Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914, $66,300. 4 5. Average attendance, 400. 2 4. Alcorn A. & M. College, colored. 1 5. History: 1 ^ Buildings and grounds of Oakland College at Rodney bought by the State and chartered as Alcorn University, for men, 1871. 2 ^ Name changed to Alcorn A. & M. College, 1878. 3 ^ Made co-educational in 1902. 2K Support, Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914: 1 ^. Agricultural Land Script Fund established by Congress in 1862, $13,629. 2^ Interest on College lands. Acts of 1898, $11,- 555.54. 3^ Morrill Bill Fund, about $26,000. 4^. State donation, Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914, $30,074. 3 ^. Average attendance, 470. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 57 31 Mississippi A. & M. College, white. 1 s. History : 1 ^. Act of incorporation passed by Legislature, Feb. 28, 1878. 2K Starkville selected as site, Dec. 13, 1878. 3 *. First session opened, Oct. 6, 1880. 4 *. Agricultural for the first ten years; since added Engineering and Textile Departments. 2s. Support, from Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914. 1 ^ From the Morrill Bill Fund, for two years, about $20,000.00. 2 ^. Interest on United States Land Grant, $28,- 774.72. 3^ State donation, Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914 $239,900.00. : 4 \ Farmers' Institutes, 1912 and 1913, $15,000.00.' 5 ^. To experiment stations, 1912 and 1913, $55,- 300.00. 6^. Sale of products, etc., for two years, about $200,000.00. 7 ^. Maintenance of department of State chemist, $54,725.00. 3 s. Average attendance, 668. 4 4. Industrial Institute and College. 1 5. History: 1 ^. First advocate. Miss Sallie E. Reneau, of Gre- nada, 1858. 2^. Other promoters — Mrs. Anna C. Peyton, of Copiah, and Mrs. John C. Hastings, of Claiborne. 3 ^. Act providing for establishment passed, March 12, 1884. 4 ^ Columbus gave $100,000 to secure its location. 5 ^. First session opened, Oct. 22, 1885. 2s. Support: 1 ^. Interest on United States Land Grant, 1912 and 1913, $18,788.64. 2^ Donation from State, Jan. 1, 1912, to Jan. 1, 1914, $163,135.00. 3 s. Average attendance, 690. 58 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 5''. Mississippi Normal College, is. History: 1 ^, Established by Act of Legislature, approved March 30, 1910. 2^. Located in Hattiesburg, September 16, 1910. 3^. Bonus: 17. Forrest County— $100,000.00. 2 7. Hattiesburg— $150,000.00. 3 ">. Private individuals, 840 acres of land. 4 ^. First session opened, Sept. 18, 1912, with about 250 students. 2 s. Support : I**. Equipment, 1912, 1913, $76,500.00. 2\ Salaries and printing, 1912, $10,000.00. 2 6. Salaries and printing, 1913, $40,000.00. 2'. Denominational schools. 3 *. Private schools. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 59 GOVERNORS. Winthrop Sargent May 7, 1798, to May 25, 1801. W. C. C. Claiborne ..._ .May 25, 1801, to March 1, 1805. " Robert Williams.... March 1, 1805, to March !,■ 1809. David Holmes March 7, 1809, to December, 1817. David Holmes ....Dec. 10, 1817, to Jan. 5, 1820. George Poindexter Jan. 5, 1820, to Jan. 7, 1822. Walter Leake Jan. 7, 1822, to Nov. 17, 1825. Gerard C. Brandon • ..Nov. 17, 1825, to Jan. 7, 1826. David Holmes Jan. 7, to July 25, 1826. Gerard C. Brandon ^ July 25, 1822, to Jan. 9, 1832. Abram M. Scott ^ Jan. 9, 1832, to June 12, 1833. Charles Lynch June 12 to Nov. 20, 1833. Hiram G. Runnells Nov. 20, 1833, to Nov. 20, 1835. John A. Quitman 4. Dec. 3, 1835, to Jan. 7, 1836. Charles Lynch.... .Jan. 7, 1836, to Jan. 8, 1838. A. G. McNutt Jan. 8, 1838, to Jan. 10, 1842. T. M. Tucker. Jan. 10, 1842, to Jan. 10, 1844. A. G. Brown. ...Jan. 10, 1844, to Jan. 10, 1848. Jos. W. Matthews Jan. 10, 1848, to Jan. 10, 1850. J. A. Quitman Jan. 10, 1850, to Feb. 3, 1851. John L Guions Feb. 3, to Nov. 4, 1851. James Whitfield <* Nov. 24, 1851, to Jan. 10, 1852. H. S. Foote Jan. 10, 1852, to Jan. 5, 1854. John J. Pettus i Jan. 5, to Jan. 10, 1854. John J. McRae Jan. 10, 1854, to Nov. 16, 1857. William McWillie Nov. 16, 1857, to Nov. 21, 1859. (1) Gov. Leake died Nov. 17, 1825, and was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor Brandon. (2) Gov. Holmes resigned in July, 1826, and was succeeded by Lieut. Gov. Brandon. (3) Gov. Scott died June 12, 1833, and was succeeded by Charles Lynch, President of the Senate. (4) Gov. Runnells vacated the Executive office Nov. 20, 1835, and was succeeded by J. A. Quitman, President of the Senate. There was an interregnum from Nov. 20 to Dec. 3. (5) Gov. Quitman resigned Feb. 3, 1851, and was succeeded by J. 1. Guion, President of the Senate. (6) Gov. Guion's term as Senator expired Nov. 3, 1851. The Senate met Nov. 25, and elected James Whitfield President, who served as Governor until Jan. 10, 1852. There was an interregnum from Nov. 3 to Nov. 25, 1851. (7) Gov. Foote resigned Jan. 5, 1854, and was succeeded by John J. Pettus, President of the Senate. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. John J. Pettus Nov. 21, 1859, to Nov. 16, 1863. Charles Clark ._.... ....Nov. 16, 1863, to May 22, 1865. W. L. Sharkey 8 May 22 to Oct. 16, 1865. B. G. Humphreys .Oct. 16, 1865, to June 15, 1868. ■ Adelbert Ames 9 ......June 15, 1868, to March 10, 1870. Jas. L. Alcorn March 10, 1870, to Nov. 30, 1871. R. C. Powers'"... .Nov. 30, 1871, to Jan. 4, 1874. Adelbert Ames .....Jan. 4, 1874, to March 29, 1876. John M. Stone ' ' March 29, 1876, to Jan. 9, 1882. Robert Lowrey ......Jan. 9, 1882, to Jan. 13, 1890. John M. Stone...... Jan. 13, 1890, to Jan. 20, 1896. A. J. McLaurin .....Jan. 20, 1896, to Jan. 16, 1900. A. H. Longino-.... Jan. 16, 1900, to Jan. 19, 1904. J. K. Vardaman... Jan. 19, 1904, to Jan. 21, 1908. E. F. Noel Jan. 21, 1908, to Jan. 16, 1912. E. L. Brewer ...Jan. 16, 1912, to (8) Gov. Clark was removed by Federal soldiers, May 22, 1865, and was succeeded by W. L. Sharkey, as Provisional Governor by ap- pointment of President Johnson. (9) Gov. Humphreys was removed by Federal soldiers June 15, 1868, and was succeeded by Adelbert Ames as Military Governor. (10) Gov. Alcorn resigned Nov. 30, 1871, and was succeeded by Lieut. Governor Powers. (11) Gov. Ames resigned March 19, 1876, and was succeeded by John M. Stone, President of the Senate, the Lieut. Governor having been impeached. OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. 61 STATE OFFICERS, I9I2-I9I6, AND SALARIES. OFFICE. INCUMBENT. COMtENSAT.ON. Governor E. L. Brewer $ 5,000 Lieutenant Governor T. G. Bilbo, $600 as Pres. Senate; per diem of $6 for special sessions. Secretary of State J. W. Power 2,400 Attorney General Ross Collins 3,000 Treasurer.... P. S. StovalL. 3,000 Auditor of Public Accounts, D. L. Thompson 2,500 Insurance Commissioner. T. M. Henry 3,000 Revenue Agent Wirt Adams ._. 20% on all collections Supt. of Education.. -.-J..N. Powers 2,500 Com'r of Agriculture H. E. Blakeslee 2,400 Land Commissioner M. A. Brown. 2,000 Clerk of Supreme Court G. C. Myers Fees, and for recording opinions, $400.00 Railroad Commissioners. G. R. Edwards, 1st Dist F. M. Sheppard, 2d Dist.._ W. B. Wilson, 3d Dist 2,000 each Penitentiary Trustees W. A. Montgomery, 1st Dist. C. C. Smith, 2d Dist L. T. Taylor, 3d Dist 2,000 each SUPREME COURT JUDGES. Chief Justice Sidney McCain Smith $4,500 Associate Justice Samuel C. Cook.... 4,500 Associate Justice Richard Forman Read 4,500 UNITED STATES SENATORS. J. S. Williams — Term expires March 3, 1917. J. K. Vardaman — Term expires March 3, 1919. REPRESENTATIVES. (Terms expire March 3, 1915.) First District E. S. Candler, Jr. Second District H. D. Stephens. Third District B. G. Humphreys. Fourth District T. U. Sisson. Fifth District S. A. Witherspoon. Sixth District.... B. P. Harrison. Seventh District ....P. E. Quinn. Eighth District.. J. W. Collier. 62 t— t C/D CO CO 00 o C/5 H o u o 1— I C3 CL4 o Q w [/) ►J a < H tn w OU TLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. iOa>TtirH'OiOCOOiCOt^COOCOt^'*050(NC0050t^I>QOcDOOO«D^OO'-HO CDiOiOio'fO(NCO'* »000(MoOOGOt^CO(N'*t^'-HOTti":iOCOO»OCOOiO^-*COC20^iOOOOO(N (M "-I IM (M >— I ■* '-I (N (N 1-1 1— I C— i "-i i— i "-i ^ (/5 H <: w H z o o o 3 C S > U C nJ .'H o TiM o 1-. _ o ^ o in t/} SO g « aj d M O a d u : I (U ! o o 3 oj ; :=; ; _j Pi «■> oj ;^id ^ ^ C8 ?^d « >.:5 >,-S >>- t3 o o 5 > M 1-. w W) C u CO m c < §20. ^ 0:5 0^ o.t^ rt o^ g ^t^'^ =3^^ =3>^ 3 S ^ rt 5 rt SJ3 3 ^ rt rt 2^ C/3 o i-c o 3 '-3 Ui I-H 2< o 5 < — ,o O t3 to 5^ >>g O W) O •r; (D cfl rt^ O 03 03 — ( i— 1 H-4 HH ' Ol CO O G o3 \-. '^ • 03 «-G- 2;m V- r— . o u) <-t-H 03 ■2.2,° a300t^QOC005-^(MC~.00 1— I aOCOCOt~-020(NOO(NiCi|>iOiOI>'— it^aiiQOCDIMiOcDC^lOOiOCit^CDlM'© o en H !x H z p o o r oi o "-I "-I o CO oo'go CO (» o'co^io" ccTic'r^'t^'oo fo'cT^'o't^" t-~ oi <© i-Tco cD"io"t--~o' L, (NC^lM'— I-*'— Ii—1(MCCI(MCOCOt-I(MO0i— It— IIMI>|t— ICOt— I CO'— li— li— ICJi-Hl— It-Hi— I c • *-< '—J > 03 •-1 ■— i T3 ui 0) o to oi 3 03 <3J •Z3 c oj OJ > vh<; 1-1 Clc o) o tn w o o a 0) r^ C "^ o o c 1-1 g OOo 1 lO T-l oo6o'~'=Ol^'°^oc°ooooocooo(^^'-*co; r-i,_(0OcoGO'-^^'— ii— I-— looi-ioooooo t^ooco 1^ (M 00 00 00 (M -co CO c^ CO _ OrCica (M c^ jj o O jj OJ '0) o QQO o3 r^ ■o"c» - . -1^ CO lo CO CO -c^ . . ^."2 . -CO C,^i~^020103'-'(M(M(M(M05(MCOOi05'-H'*Oa CO QOTt^fO -00 22 >^, C C S-S-S oi >-i ^ XI '-' 1-1 ^ 03 CU 9<>.3^ S ?^ a; i-l^ o c JS o M-^ 5:|C^eS!So3(UMl;c'^o3o3oiOO^nn^'S5^'^.lijS co'f^ S-c • jj 75 o: (U o 64 OUTLINES OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY. *T3 3 C C o U Oh ►— ( 00 CO I— t O 00 W H ^; D O U o t^ iX) ^ ^ t^ o r^ CO CO ~ CO CO cr. c- r^ .— I oot^'— icoco-tCjoocoO'or^cO'— I'M O fin < H z o o GOC3O5-^COQ0iXit--0O'* ■(MCI'— i"— ii— iT-Hi— (CO'^Ti— I 03 O .2 c oj q '<< Qor^ ^ CO --H r-^ ^ c^i ^ >> C ■ ■ ^ a!<; o > oj 55 > +-> cd I -^ '' O c^ p:^ ^ H 2 > q ^^ ^ t/) W O s-i (U Ct! C O ^ ^ r^i co co rr, K ooco^cococot^oococoj^oococooo " -----.'-r'-''-'^-^ - - - - - - . - - - -"M 05 '-' fo'O CO CO rt -J lo'co""' a; a : o o ^1 o o . M „ - C C cu' (U « CO 03 o3 ..-I '.-I ^^ C tn o :3 .. -. . ._^ ^ o 03 03 03