•^ *A ^ 
 
 Book'B.9-4- 
 
 Author 
 
 Title 
 
 Imprint. 
 
 le— 17372-X GPO 
 
Vol. XXIV, No. 282 
 
 fiJm)^.^!!?nomj 
 
 9 
 
 m 
 
 KJPR..'1 
 
 ATHLETIC LIBRARY 
 
 .##"-%% 
 
 Official 
 
 /($ 
 
 Sir A 
 
 Guide 
 
 
 mm 
 
 \ 
 
 '-K 
 
 \ 
 
 X 
 
 v.. 
 
 liimm i li ii ij iiiiii i iii i ii Miiuiii i iiji i ^pp ii ii i i i »MiljH i |) i iiijjnjjpi) i j i iiiym;m^ 
 
 American Sport s^ Publishing Ca. 
 
 ,21 Warren Street, NewYork 
 
 
/f= 
 
 =^ 
 
 A. G. SPALDING (& BROS, 
 
 Maintain tlieir own Houses for the distribution of 
 
 Spalding's 
 Athletic Library 
 
 and the 
 Spalding Complete Line of Athletic Goods 
 
 in the following cities: 
 
 NEW YORK CITY 
 
 CHICAGO 
 
 124-128 Nassau Street 
 
 147-149 Wabash Avenue 
 
 29-33 West 42d Street 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 134 Geary Street 
 
 1013 Filbert Street 
 
 Temporary Address 
 
 BOSTON. MASS. 
 
 508 15th Street 
 
 Oakland. Cal. 
 
 73 Federal Street 
 
 
 BALTIMORE. MD. 
 
 ST. LOUIS. MO. 
 
 708 Pine Street 
 
 320 N. Howard Street 
 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 KANSAS CITY. MO. 
 
 
 nil Walnut Street 
 
 611 Main Street 
 
 
 PITTSBURG. PA. 
 
 CINCINNATI. O. 
 
 439 Wood Street 
 
 Fountain Square 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 27 East Fifth Street 
 
 709 14eh Street, N. W. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 
 
 (Colorado Building) 
 
 507 Second Avenue, South 
 
 SYRACUSE. N. Y. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA. 
 
 University Block 
 
 140 Carondelet Street 
 
 DENVER, COL. 
 
 HAMBURG, GERMANY 
 
 1616 Arapahoe Street 
 
 1 Alter Wandrahm 
 
 MONTREAL. CAN. 
 
 LONDON, ENG. 
 
 443 St. James Street 
 
 53. 54. j5. Fetter Lane 
 
 ^ 
 
 Communications directed to A. G. Spalding & Bros, at any of the 
 above addresses, will receive prompt attention. 
 
 il li 
 
 J) 
 
^ 
 
EARLE REYNOLDS, 
 Champion of the World, on Spalding Bicycle Rink Skates. 
 
cJ 
 
 
 Q 
 
 & 
 
 £> Q= 
 
 Spalding's Athletic Library 
 Group XIII. No. 282. 
 
 spalding's 
 
 Roller Skating 
 
 Guide 
 
 o 
 
 :i>C= 
 
 Edited by 
 
 H. P. BURCHELL 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 American Sports Publishing Company 
 21 warren street 
 
 =D 
 
 =D 
 
 ^^ 
 
 (? 
 

 LIBRARY Of CONGRESS 
 Two Copies Received 
 
 DEC 20 1906 
 
 y. .Cepyristht Entry 
 CLASS A XXc, No. 
 COPY B. 
 
 Copyright, 1906 
 
 EY 
 
 Amkrican Sports Pubi.isking Compajt* 
 New York 
 
 r- 
 
 ^ 
 
 
SiPALDING'S ATHLETTO LIBRARY. 
 
 e = -""^ ^^ 
 
 Introduction 
 
 V ^ _ J 
 
 Twenty years ago roller skating was popular throughout the 
 United States and Canada. Every town of 2.000 or more inhabi- 
 tants had its rink, while the larger cities supported from two to 
 six or eight. Clubs were formed and the sport bid fair to enjoy 
 a long reign of popularity, but there was something lacking and 
 the attendance at the rinks dropped ofif by degrees until it be- 
 came a non-paying institution. Several efforts were made to 
 revive the sport, but little or no success attended the efforts, 
 and the promoters gave up the project in disgust. 
 
 It was not until the spring of 1905 that the general public gave 
 any indication that the time was ripe for a revival. Many of the 
 big cities in England had, in the preceding year, started a re- 
 vival which met with generous support from the public, and 
 America quickly followed the lead with the result that success 
 has attended the experiment far beyond the most sanguine expec- 
 tations of the promoters of roller skating rinks. Where one hun- 
 dred persons attended the sessions twenty years ago, fully ten 
 times that number can be seen on the floors of the rinks in all 
 the big cities, while the percentage of increase is correspondingly 
 great in the smaller towns. 
 
 A number of reasons can be advanced for this remarkable 
 condition of affairs. The wonderful increase in the population, 
 the prosperous condition of the country, which enables the aver- 
 age man or woman to indulge more frequently in the pursuit 
 of refined pastimes and recreations, the superiority of the ball- 
 bearing skate over the old one, which greatly enhances the pleas- 
 ure of skating, making it a graceful accomplishment and enjoy- 
 able pastime rather than a laborious effort, and what is per- 
 haps more important than all is the fact that instead of barns 
 and tumble-down buildings being converted into rinks, large, 
 commodious and well-ventilated halls have been remodeled, 
 
TAKING A START FOR THE HIGH JUMP. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBUAKY. 7 
 
 renovated and re-arranged to suit the needs, comforts and con- 
 veniences of the patrons of roller skating. 
 
 Many representatives of the most prominent families in the 
 coimtry now^ enjoy the sport, thus giving it a dignity and stand- 
 ing that was conspicuous by its absence in former years. It 
 is true that they usually attend the morning sessions, but this 
 is largely due to the many social engagements which occupy 
 their time. With the continuation of support from the better 
 element there is little doubt about the future status of roller 
 skating. 
 
 It is estimated that over one hundred and fifty rinks are in 
 operation in the United States, with an average attendance of 
 l,ooo. Several of the big rinks, such as Madison Square Garden, 
 draw on an average of 2,500 a day. One notable feature about 
 the present revival is the number of persons who enjoy the sport 
 without actual participation in it. With the sport kept clean and 
 healthy the present revival should continue for many years. 
 
THE DAVIDSONS (FANNIE AND JOHN F. ) EXECUTING THE HAND 
 IN HAND, MOHAWK OR SPREAD EAGLE FIGURE. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 (T = "^ =-, ^ 
 
 Roller Skating as a Pastime, with Advice to 
 Beginners and Description of Movements 
 
 The attainment of skill and proficiency on roller skates affords 
 as great pleasure as the acquisition of similar skill on ice. The 
 one great charm office skating is its infrequency and the doubt 
 of its lasting, causing the skaters to work hard. Roller skating 
 can be indulged in under any and all conditions, as the sport 
 or pastime is in no way susceptible to weather conditions. In 
 it persistent work means improvement, and improvement in any 
 pursuit means pleasure. It has always been supposed that prac- 
 tice at roller skating would be of great assistance on the ice, 
 but notwithstanding the thousands who enjoy the indoor prac- 
 tice, there is little or no perceptible improvement in ice skating. 
 This fact was patent at the last roller skating revival as well as 
 in the present instance. The cause of this is not difficult to 
 determine. Of the many thousands who use the rollers not one 
 in twenty know how to do even an outside roll properly. 
 
 As a matter of fact, figure skating is much more difficult on 
 rollers than on the ice. It is estimated by competent experts 
 that twenty hours' practice is requisite to give a skater on rollers 
 the corresponding amount of skill which one hour's practice on 
 ice would command. But when a difficult movement on rollers 
 is mastered the satisfaction is proportionately great. Of the 
 hundreds of thousands of people who have tried, and who will 
 still try, but few have attempted more than straightforward 
 skating, with perhaps a feeble attempt at outside edge, and inas- 
 much as skating round and round an enclosed rink must neces- 
 sarily become monotonous, roller skating is voted slow and not 
 to be compared with ice skating, but this is due to skaters them- 
 selves and can be avoided by a determined effort to master the 
 full details of intricate roller skating. 
 
 The pleasure of roller skating only begins where these critics 
 leave off. It is seldom that figure skaters on ice attempt their 
 
DOUBLE DUTCH CROSS ROLL. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLKTIO LIBRARY. 11 
 
 ic« movements on rollers. The skaters are disgusted that they 
 are unable at once to do on the rollers what they have been 
 accustomed to accomplish on ice, because they attempt figures 
 and turns identically the same way, forgetting that with the 
 ice blade they have a universal pivot on which they can turn, 
 while the pivot of the roller skate is confined to one or two fixed 
 points, the toe and the heel. Secondly, finding a greater diffi- 
 culty than they expected, they will not take the trouble of puz- 
 zling out for themselves the difference between the two instru- 
 ments. 
 
 The climax of pleasure derived from figure skating is reached 
 when figures are skated in combination with others, and hitherto, 
 this, the greatest pleasure in ice skating, has been entirely over- 
 looked when using the rollers. With well-fitted skates and a 
 good floor, all the club figures can be done as well as on ice. 
 The pleasure derived from skating on rollers should be, and is to 
 the proficient, identical with ice ; the motion is practically the 
 same and the pace equal, or even greater, if the skates are fitted 
 with ball bearings, and the exercise, as an exercise, especially for 
 ladies, is unrivalled. It is graceful, health-giving and inexpensive, 
 but hitherto there has been no standard of excellence. Combined 
 figures have hardly ever been tried, consequently there has been 
 none of that assiduous practice seen on the ice leading up to such 
 excellence as will enable the skater to do his or her part in a 
 combined figure. Stripped of all surroundings, the fascination 
 of gliding on skates is fifty times greater than the fascination of 
 dancing, and yet without system or combination dancing would 
 cease to exist. The same applies to roller skating. 
 
 There are many social and physical difficulties to be overcome 
 before combined skating on rollers becomes actually popular; 
 and to take the social difficulty as being the greater first : With 
 the roller skating revived the mania has become so great that 
 everything must give way to the craving to indulge in the pas- 
 time. By many, skating is indulged in twice a day every day in 
 the week. The usual barriers that divide people of different 
 social position meeting together in the same place of public 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13 
 
 resort are thrown to the winds. Ladies who under ordinary 
 circumstances would resent the proffered assistance of a stranger 
 as an impertinence, in their desire to attain the swan-like move- 
 ment, accept it with gratitude ; and hence undesirable acquaint- 
 ances are sometimes formed. There is no reason why the rink 
 should be tabooed on this account, as it is a comparatively easy 
 matter to adjust this feature. Certain mornings are set apart 
 in many of the rinks for private practice. Many beginners take 
 advantage of this opportunity to become sufficiently proficient 
 before attempting to skate in a public rink, and thus avoid the 
 sometimes objectionable necessity of inviting assistance by this 
 obvious helplessness, and rink parties will thereby become more 
 popular and healthgiving. 
 
 With regard to the physical difficulties attending roller skating, 
 there are many things which will tend to materially overcome 
 them. The selection of skates is naturally the first thing to 
 attend to. Skates should be chosen of a length rather shorter 
 than the foot, as the approximation of the toe and heel wheels, 
 by bringing the available pivots nearer together, enables turns to 
 be made with greater facility. The wheels should run freely 
 and true on the a.xles and should be carefully fitted to the 
 hangers, so that little or no lateral play exists. The hangers 
 should not be screwed too tight to the plates ; if they are suf- 
 ficiently tight they will be found to aid the skater, while other- 
 wise they will act as an impediment. The difference between 
 skating on bad or worn-out skates and a good pair is very 
 marked. 
 
 With roller skates the charm of skating rapidly-executed move- 
 ments cannot be compared favorably with the same movements 
 on ice, because the balance has to be shifted, not an inch or two 
 as on ice blades, but to one or the other of the two fixed pivots 
 at the extremity of the skate; but in all ordinary movements, 
 where the charm does not consist in extreme rapidity, skating 
 affords the same pleasure, whether on ice or rollers. 
 
 The difference of friction of roller skates on a good floor and 
 ice skates on ice is hardly perceptible, so long as curves, without 
 
FIGURE 1. 
 HOW TO STOP SKATING BACKWARDS. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 15 
 
 the intervention of turns, are made with the roller skate. On a 
 good floor roller skates fitted with ball bearings are faster than 
 ice skates on ice. When turns are imparted, as they have to be 
 done on a single set of rollers, great weight is placed on the 
 axles of the wheels, and considerable friction is set up. The 
 ease and speed with which some skaters perform curves arises 
 from the proper adjustment of the balance, so as to cause the 
 weight of the body to be equally divided between the front and 
 rear wheels. 
 
 The smallest inclination of the footstock to the right or left 
 causes the axles of the wheels to converge, so as to run the 
 skate in a curve to the right or left. A slight inclination to the 
 right when poised on the right foot, or to the left when poised 
 on the left foot (and this inclination can be obtained by bring- 
 ing forward the left shoulder, when on the right foot, and vice 
 versa), and the skater is at once placed on what corresponds to 
 the outside edge in ice skating. This is therefore much easier 
 to attain on roller than on ice skates, as instead of having, as 
 on ice, to lean over to "catch" the edge, the skater, who is in 
 fact balanced on a greased wire, can by the slightest inclination 
 to the right or left produce the portion of a large circle, and by 
 a greater inclination the portion of a smaller circle either to 
 right or left. 
 
 To attain the ''swan-like" motion it is necessary that the 
 curves should be a true curve from start to finish — the true seg- 
 ment of a circle, whether large or small ; and this can only be 
 attained by placing the foot which is about to describe a curve 
 parallel with the foot that has just finished a curve; for instance, 
 the left foot at the end of a curve made by the right must be 
 placed parallel to it, and vice versa, and so allowing the body 
 gradually to take the inclination, and the skate the consequent 
 curve in the opposite direction. 
 
 Ninety-nine skaters out of a hundred after making a curve to 
 the right with the right foot throw the balance abruptly onto 
 the left, which is usually placed at right angles to the right, and 
 this has the effect of entirely destroying the grace and swing 
 which should be characteristic of the outside edge. 
 
FIGURE 2. 
 DUTCH OR CROSS ROLL. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 17 
 
 Ladies especially, urless properly taught, almost invariably 
 adopt the wrong method, which, when once acquired, is most 
 difficult to eradicate. The best way to correct the fault is to take 
 the pupil's hands sideways and start going from south towards 
 the north on a curve with the right foot ; at the end of a curve 
 consisting of a half-circle the skater's foot will be pointing in a 
 northeasterly direction ; the toe of the left foot should be turned 
 in sufficiently to enable it to be placed parallel to the right, and 
 the new curve on the left continued in a northeasterly direction, 
 gradually coming round to north, and finishing the half-circle 
 with the toe pointing northwest. Two circles complete should 
 be marked on the floor and the pupil set to follow the curves. 
 To make the circles opposite each other it will be necessary to 
 place the feet parallel when striking from one foot to the other ; 
 and this is most excellent practice, but it cannot be easily sus- 
 tained on rollers, unless the body is so poised as to distribute its 
 weight equally on both the toe and the heel set of wheels. When 
 the outside edge is properly skated with true half-circles, the 
 knee braced up, and the body erect, it is as fascinating on a well- 
 fitted pair of roller skates as it is with ice skates on ice ; and so 
 far as gracefulness is concerned it is seldom that a person will 
 skate on outside edge on ice with anything like the grace im- 
 parted to the same movement on rollers. 
 
 The same rules as to the parallelism of the feet when taking 
 the stroke apply equally to the outside edge backwards, and the 
 tendency to go off at right angles with the succeeding stroke 
 being even greater backwards than forwards. When four per- 
 sons can with certainty skate eights by making a whole circle 
 on either foot, it is competent for them to skate a combined 
 figure — an elementary one it is true, but still a combination that 
 requires to make it successful, attention to time and truth of 
 curves. 
 
 A half-circle is skated on the right foot and at the moment 
 of the desired change the left shoulder is thrown back and the 
 left foot suddenly turned out, so that the toes of either foot are 
 pointing in opposite directions, placed in the rear of, and parallel 
 
FIGURE 3. 
 PIVOT CIRCLING. THE START. 
 
SPALDIXr.'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 19 
 
 to. the right, and the other half of the circle on the outside back 
 of the left is completed. The right is now put down by crossing 
 the feet behind and a half-circle skated, when the feet are again 
 "spread-eagled" and the left put down in front of and parallel 
 to the right and the half-circle on the left outside forward con- 
 tinued to the center. On ice this is an extremely difficult move- 
 ment to most men, as so few are able to turn out their feet 
 "spread-eagle fashion" so as to describe a curve, the center of 
 which is at the back of a skater, as this must be done without 
 any assistance from the hold of the skate on the ice; but with 
 the rollers a skater has only to place the skate in the desired 
 position and lean backwards, when the wheels will so long as 
 the inclination is sustained hold his feet, as it were, and compel 
 them to describe a circle. 
 
 Having mastered the difficulty of the four edges, it now be- 
 comes necessary to acquire the turns which will enable the skater 
 to blend the dififerent edges together. In making the turns it is 
 absolutely necessary that the body should turn the feet ; that is 
 to say, the body must be swung around in the desired direction 
 before an attempt is made to alter the direction of the foot. 
 The fault of every beginner, both on ice and on rollers, is that 
 in attempting a turn, his whole attention is directed, not to the 
 change of balance that will ensue on the turn being made, but 
 to the foot that is to make the turn; and even if by means of a 
 violent wrench its direction be changed, yet the subsequent curve 
 cannot be sustained, for the balance remains as before the 
 attempted turn. 
 
 In all turns other than rocker and counter turns the inclina- 
 tion of the body is in the same direction after as before the turn, 
 but as a turn alters the direction of going, so the edges (except 
 in rockers and counters) are always altered from in to outside 
 or from out to inside, and this necessitates an alteration of the 
 balance, so that unless the body be so turned at the moment of 
 change as to enable it to accommodate itself to the new balance, 
 the movement ends with the turn, as the position of the body 
 requisite for the resulting curves taking place is such as renders 
 the curve impossible. 
 
FIGURE 4. 
 CHOCTAW CROSS. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21 
 
 The turn on the roller skates is much more difficult than on 
 the ice skates, because the turning must be done on one of two 
 field pivots, the toe or the heel ; but this is not the only difficulty, 
 as the forward portion of the ice blade is also used for making 
 forward turns and the heel portion back turns ; but on the ice 
 the cutting edge of the skate prevents a slip backwards or for- 
 wards ; with the rollers, unless the body be, at the moment of 
 the change, correctly poised over the pivot, a slip may take place 
 either forwards or backwards. Another difficulty to beginners 
 is that during the moment of the turn taking place they (if a 
 forward turn is to be made) so lean forward as to throw the 
 weight of the body almost entirely on the front wheels, and this 
 causes such a friction on the axles that no impetus is left to con- 
 tinue the resulting curve. 
 
 In making the turn the skater raises the heel by poising on the 
 toe. This poising on the toe is instantaneous, and if the body 
 be properly turned before raising the heel the foot follows the 
 rotation without any effort. As soon as the turn is effected, the 
 unemployed foot, which up to this time should have been kept 
 behind the other, is brought up, and the toe turned slightly out. 
 and the skater's face turned in the direction of the left shoulder, 
 both of which actions tend to keep back the left shoulder and so 
 enable the curve to be made large. In consequence of the rota- 
 tion given to the body by the turn, most skaters find a great 
 difficulty in striking direct from the tail of a three on one foot 
 to the commencing curve of outside edge on the other, but the 
 keeping back of the shoulder corresponding to the unemployed 
 foot is the means of conquering this difficulty. The turns from 
 a forward to a backward direction are done on the front pair 
 of wheels, and from a back to a forward direction on the rear 
 pair of wheels — at least this is the easy and natural way of doing 
 them ; but with a great deal of practice the turn from a back to 
 a forward edge can also be skated on the toe. 
 
 The Q figures are capital practice, embracing as they do a 
 change of edge and turn, and they can be alternated by means of 
 a cross roll. One example will illustrate the point. Start on 
 
FIGURE 5. 
 PLAIN INSIDE TOE SPIN. 
 
SPALDINO'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 23 
 
 a curve of outside forward, change to inside forward, and turn 
 to outside back. Then cross the other foot as in the back cross 
 roll, continue the half-circle, change to inside back, and then 
 lurn to outside forward, when the feet can be crossed as in the 
 forward cross roll, and the movement repeated ; if the turn from 
 inside back to outside forward be done on toe wheels the effect 
 is similar to the same movement on ice. 
 
 One-foot eights, i.e., eights composed of a circle of outside 
 and a circle of inside on the same foot joined by a change of 
 edge are difficult on rollers until the balance of the skater is so 
 perfect that tthe swaying of the body in making the curves and 
 changes of edge does not place the weight of the body more on 
 one set of wheels than the other. In commencing the practice 
 of one-foot eights the skater should not attempt to make whole 
 circles, but should begin with a change of edge in a serpentine 
 line, gradually approximating the curves to whole circles of out- 
 side and inside edge. As a stepping stone to a perfect one-foot 
 eight a complete circle may be skated on the outside edge, the 
 change effected, and a half-circle of inside, and then by changing 
 the edge again a whole circle of outside and so on skated; and 
 again this may with advantage be varied by making the whole 
 circles of inside and the half-circle of outside edge. The first 
 of these forms of serpentine lines can be skated on one foot, and 
 continued on the other by joining the two by means of the for- 
 ward or back cross roll. 
 
 When a serpentine composed of curves or half-circles can be 
 sustained indefinitely on either foot, a curious movement known 
 as "the reverse on to Richmond" can be skated in a straight line 
 and subsequently in the form of an eight. The movement 
 appears curious from the skater's feet being placed one behind' 
 the other, as though he would go backwards, instead of which 
 he advances in a forward direction. A change of either foot is 
 necessary to enable the skater to continue the movement, either 
 in a line or in the form of an eight. Again, as the impetus 
 derived from a change of edge is greater in changing from an in 
 to an out than from an out to an inside edge, the foot that takes 
 
FIGURE 6. 
 PIVOT CIRCLING. THE FINISH. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 25 
 
 Up the movement is placed behind the other on the inside edge. 
 For instance, start on a curve of inside edge, say on the right, 
 and when half a circle is completed change the edge and half 
 a circle of outside; then place the left foot behind and outside 
 of the right (which is taken up) on a curve of inside edge 
 corresponding in direction with the curve just finished by the 
 right, and when a half-circle or less has been completed, change 
 to the outside, and so on. It is not an easy movement to accom- 
 plish even in its simplest form of serpentine lines, but becomes 
 really difficult when skated in form of an eight, the eight is in 
 fact a one-foot eight cut in two, half being done with the right 
 foot and half with the left. 
 
 The two-foot eight, which is similar in character to the one- 
 foot eight, viz., two whole circles joined by a change of edge, is 
 a very pretty figure on roller skates. The feet are placed in a 
 line, the toe of one foot almost touching the heel of the other, 
 and to be effective the feet must "track," and herein lies one of 
 the difficulties. It is easy enough to cause the feet to "track" 
 while making the circles, but at the change of edge the feet are 
 apt to get out of line, as both feet being employed, the change 
 of edge becomes more difficult, and can only be obtained by 
 swaying the body from the hips upwards in the direction of the 
 desired curve. In one-foot eights the swinging backwards and 
 forwards of the unemployed leg at the moment of change assists 
 the skater materially, but with the two-foot eights the balance is 
 shifted entirely by the body. To learn the movement a serpen- 
 tine line should be tried, gradually getting the curves more into 
 the shape of circles. When the skater is perfect in two-foot 
 eights, both forward and backward, they can be joined in the 
 following manner : Supposing the right foot to lead, and a 
 circle with the right foot on the outside and the left on the 
 inside to be made, the skater keeping the feet in the same posi- 
 tion throws back his left shoulder and by a "rocker" on either 
 foot turns backwards ; the left foot will now be leading on the 
 inside and the right following on the outside backwards. The 
 whole circle having become completed, the right foot is brought 
 
FIGURE 7. 
 SPREAD EAGLE MOVEMENT. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27 
 
 up parallel to and outside the left and flipped back with the half 
 turn of the Philadelphia twist, and as this brings the feet into 
 the position at starting, viz., the right foot leading and the left 
 following, the eight can be repeated. 
 
 Another but more difficult method of change is to start as 
 before, and arrived at the center, the skater throws back his 
 right shoulder and turns backward, with the common three onto 
 the right and the reverse three onto the left, but the feet being 
 in line, the turn is very difficult. The left foot will now be 
 leading on the outside and the right following on the inside 
 edge. The whole circle completed, the edge should be changed 
 and the right completed, when the skater can again turn forward 
 with the half turn of the Philadelphia twist. If two or three 
 eights are skated in a forward direction, then a turn is effected, 
 and two or three skated backwards the effect is very pretty and 
 very puzzling to the onlooker, as, if the body be properly 
 swayed from the hips the whole is done without apparently the 
 slightest efifort, and no stroke being made, the puzzle is where 
 the motive power comes from. A spin (a description of which 
 will be given later) of three or four revolutions inserted between 
 the circles at the change of edge is also very effective. 
 
 With the foregoing movements accomplished, skating combina- 
 tion should follow. Given good skates, a good floor and suf- 
 ficient space, and all the club figures can be skated on rollers as 
 well as on ice. The same difficulties that occur on ice will be 
 encountered on rollers, and it will be found that before any 
 degree of efficiency is attained, no matter how great the indi- 
 vidual skill of the respective skaters, great practice together is 
 necessary, and this necessity of combined practice is a source of 
 endless amusement. 
 
 The skating of loops on rollers, as on ice, seems to fascinate 
 the novice in figure skating. It is not an unusual thing to see a 
 youngster putting himself into the most frightful contortions in 
 the vain attempt to accomplish a loop, and this mania usually 
 seizes him long before he has the faintest idea of how to skate 
 the most ordinary figures. 
 
FIGUKK b. 
 CORRECT POSITION TO ASSUME WHEN FALLING BACKWARDS. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 29 
 
 The loops which arc skated most easily on rollers are those 
 from the inside back and inside forward. The inside back loop 
 is usually skated at the end of a three, and it comes easier then, 
 inasmuch as the body has received a certain rotation from the 
 turn in the three itself; it is done on the toe, and in the move- 
 ment of doing it the unemployed leg is swung in the direction and 
 in advance of the rotation of the body. The skater must, in fact, 
 execute a movement similar to the movement of an expiring 
 swimming top, keeping the body very erect, swinging the unem- 
 ployed leg well to the front, and last, but not least, constant 
 practice is the means by which loops may be gradually acquired. 
 One of the difficulties to overcome is the ability of continuing 
 the curve after the loop has been made, and this arises from the 
 ankle being frequently bent in one direction, and so settling the 
 wheels as to cause the skate to strike a curve in that direction, 
 while the true balance of the body is in the opposite direction. 
 The three-and loop, skated on either foot alternately and in a 
 line, is an effective figure and very difficult, as the loops have 
 to be so accurately made to insure the direction being continued. 
 The inside loop backwards is also effective when done at the 
 end of a series of interlaced forward and backward Q's. 
 
 To skate the loop from the inside edge forward, describe a 
 short curve of outside edge forward and change the edge, at the 
 same time bringing the unemployed leg in front of and well 
 across the other. The unemployed leg is then swung round 
 behind the other, the toe of which is raised and the loop skated 
 on the heel, although some skaters prefer to skate this loop on 
 the toe, when of course the heel is raised. If the rotation of 
 the body be continued and the balance be true, a pirouette con- 
 sisting of one or more revolutions can be effected, but then the 
 movement loses the character of the loop and becomes a one-foot 
 pirouette or spin. The rotation is imparted by the swing of 
 the unemployed foot, which is swung out and carried behind the 
 other ; and the body, from the hips upward is turned in the 
 direction of the proposed rotation before the foot is allowed 
 to move; the toe is then lifted and the pirouette on the heel or 
 toe is the result. 
 
FIGURE 9. 
 PHILADELPHIA TWIST. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 31 
 
 In skating an outs'de loop on the left fo»t the right shoulder 
 corresponds to the outer flank of the cavalry line and brings the 
 body round with tremendous velocity, and, if everything be right 
 with the pivot all will go well, but if the body is not correctly 
 poised a nasty fall ensues, as there is no chance of saving one's 
 self. But the very danger that accompanies it makes the outside 
 loop fascinating. 
 
 Without forming loops, if the same tactics as above be pur- 
 sued and (after the first swinging forward of the shoulder and 
 the unemployed leg for the purpose of obtaining rotation) the 
 body be kept erect, a pirouette of several revolutions may be 
 effected. 
 
 In the same way a whole revolution can be made on the toe 
 in the middle of each circle of the cross roll eight. The difficulty 
 here is to check the rotation when a whole revolution has been 
 made. Unless the body be correctly poised at the moment of 
 swinging round, the foot will describe a cusp and a loop and the 
 skater will then be placed on the inside edge backwards, which 
 renders the forward cross roll impossible. If, therefore, the 
 skater cannot manage the forward loop, he must arrange his 
 balance so as to insure a pirouette (i.e., one whole revolution in 
 the same place) so that after the revolution the interrupted curve 
 of outside edge may be continued. 
 
 The difiference between a loop and a one-foot spin is exactly 
 exemplified by the motion of an expiring spinning top and a 
 top spinning at full speed. In pirouetting or spinning, therefore, 
 the body of the skater must be as upright as possible and cor- 
 rectly poised over the center of gravity, and the leg which was 
 swung out to impart rotation must be brought alongside of the 
 other. The easiest way to lenrn a one-foot spin on the toe — say 
 on the left foot- — is by commencing with a curve of outside with 
 the right and changing to inside edge, at the same time putting 
 down the left toe in the center of the circle being described by 
 the right. When the skater feels himself balanced on the toe 
 he should rise on it and take up the right. The arms should be 
 thrown out at right angles to the body the moment when the 
 
FIGURE 10. 
 HEEL AND TOE SPLIT. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. S3 
 
 right foot is circling round the left ; but the}' should be brought 
 to the side as soon as the skater is balanced on the toe. The 
 toe pirouette is a capital introduction to the pirouette, using 
 both feet, as it begins in the same way, only instead of taking 
 up the right foot, the toe only is raised, and the skater revolves 
 on the toe of the left and the heel of the right foot. 
 
 The rotation is given by the right foot circling round 
 the left and the swing of the arms (which should at the start 
 be at right angles with the body) in the direction of the de- 
 sired rotation. The arms should be kept very stifif and rigid 
 and gradually pressed close to the body. The movement is one 
 of extreme difficulty, as the base is alwaj's shifting and it re- 
 quires an immense amount of practice before it can be skated 
 with anything like certainty. Fifteen revolutions is considered 
 a moderately good spin, but some skaters manage as many as 
 thirty revolutions. To look well the movement should be done 
 with the feet rather close together and the skater should remain 
 on the same spot. 
 
 Even to those skaters who are able to execute grapevines on 
 ice, the same movements on rollers present many difficulties, 
 though it will be satisfactory to those who cannot skate grape- 
 vines on ice to learn that the power of skating them on rollers 
 renders their acquisition on ice very easy. The constant shift- 
 ing of the balance from toe to heel which is necessary in the 
 rapid changes is very puzzling, but before attempting the grape- 
 vine the beginner should master the various movements that 
 are used in skating this complicated figure. These are the chain 
 step forwards and backwards, the serpentine line on both feet 
 forwards and backwards with the feet tracking and single turns 
 on either foot. 
 
 When the skater is thoroughly familiar with these movements 
 he should begin the single grapevine by allowing the right foot 
 to pass in front of the left with the movement of the chain 
 step when the right shoulder should be thrown back and a turn 
 to right made by means of a common 3 on the right and the 
 reverse 3 on the left foot, the turn to the right foot being half a 
 
' - -:a~"-^--^-^^^T^«-. ... :^<fc ■'jS'mrr^'^^^=^=^ivr-TikV»~*' '^i: .= "^^^ 
 
 M^"* 
 
 FIGURE 11. 
 RIDING THE PONY. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBHAEY. 36 
 
 second in advance of the left. Up to this point tlie movement 
 is perfectly simple, the turn on cither foot has brought the 
 skater's body roimd half a circle and he is going backwards on 
 a curve to the left with right foot leading. When this curve 
 has been sustained a short distance the balance of the body has 
 to be shifted and tlie feet being retained in the same position 
 (that is with the right leading) a curve has to be made to the 
 right and the left foot allowed precedence of the right by grad- 
 ually circling round it. The right shoulder has now to be 
 brought forw-ard and the right foot turned inwards on a curve 
 of inside forwards. At this movement the feet are at right 
 angles to each other, with the toes pointing inwards ; but this 
 awkward position is soon relieved by the left following the 
 right on a curve of outside forwards, and this turning from for- 
 wards to backwards bj' half revolutions with the intermediate 
 curves is what constitutes the grapevine. As some people have 
 a difficulty in turning the toes in so that the feet arc at right 
 angles to each other it is well to begin practicing the grapevine 
 by carefully turning the toes in towards the inside of the waist 
 of the feet. 
 
 When the grapevine has been acquired, starting with the right 
 foot in front, it should be learned starting with the left foot 
 in front and making the first turn to the left and when this is 
 accomplished the double grapevine can be tried. 
 
 The Philadelphia grapevine is usually skated backwards. With 
 feet apart the skater starts with the chain step backwards, and 
 allows the right to pass in front of and outside the left, the legs 
 being thus crossed and the two feet parallel to each other, with 
 the outsides of either foot in proximity. From this position 
 the toe of the right and the heel of the left are slightly raised, 
 and the right foot is flipped back with a sudden jerk to the 
 right on a curve of outside forwards, the left following on a 
 curve of inside forwards. This brings the skater round half 
 the circle, and the feet become disengaged, and the subsequent 
 turn brings the skater to the position he started with, but with 
 the right foot leading and this enables the left to be brought 
 
FIGURE 12. 
 POSITION OF THE FEET WHEN TURNING A CORNER. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 37 
 
 across, outside of and parallel to the right and flipped back to 
 the. left and so on. The whole dilflcult}- of the movement con- 
 sists of flipping back the outside foot, and this is done by a 
 sudden twist of the ankle, the feet being locked while half a 
 revolution is being made. 
 
 Skating forward, the Philadelphia is begun as a common grape- 
 vine with the chain-step and assuming that the right foot is 
 passed in front of the left, the left is brought up outside of and 
 parallel to it, and then the heels of both feet being slightly raised, 
 the left foot is flipped back to the left on a curve of outside 
 back, the right following on a curve of inside back when the 
 feet become disengaged and the subsequent turn is skated as 
 in the turn from backwards to forwards of the single grape- 
 vine. This brings the skater to the original starting position 
 but with the left leading, by wdiich the movement can be re- 
 peated with the rotation to the left and so on. 
 
 The movement skated forwards is more difficult than when 
 done backwards, and not so elegant, as the skater's toes are 
 constantly turned in towards each other, instead of out. as in 
 the same movement done backwards. 
 
 An eight consisting of outside edge backwards joined by 
 means of the first half of the Philadelphia twist, i. e., the half 
 revolution with the feet locked, is a very pretty figure. It can 
 be accomplished by the skater making a whole circle on the 
 outside back with, say the right foot when he places the left 
 behind, outside of and parallel to the right, and with the feet 
 thus locked he makes half a revolution to the right, and taking 
 up the right skates the other circle of the eight with the left. 
 The movement is in fact a back eight, with the circles tied to- 
 gether with the Philadelphia twist. 
 
 There is a variation of the Philadelphia named the Philadelphia 
 spread eagle grape-vine. It is begun as the Philadelphia start- 
 ing backwards ; the right foot is flipped back as in that move- 
 ment, but when a half revolution has been made the rotation 
 is stopped by the left, which has followed the right on a curve 
 of inside forwards, being turned to inside back thus placing 
 
FIGURE 13. 
 HOW TO STOP SKATING FORWARD. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 39 
 
 tlie feet in spread eagle fashion. When this -has been sustained 
 for about a yard, the right is turned to outside back, and the 
 left immediately crosses it and takes up its position outside 
 of and parallel to it, when the movement is repeated with the 
 rotation to the lef:. 
 
 The Pennsylvania grape-vine is begun as in the Philadelphia, 
 but instead of making, as in the latter, one half or whole revo- 
 lution with the feet locked and the other half with them dis- 
 engaged, the feet are locked and a whole revolution made with 
 them in that position. For instance, taking the movement as 
 skated forwards, assuming that the right foot is passed in front of 
 the left with the chain step which begins the movement, the left 
 is brought up outside of and parallel to it and, when thus locked, 
 the toe of the right foot and the heel of the left are raised and 
 the body swung round a whole revolution to the right on these 
 two pivots ; the feet are now disengaged and the right passed 
 behind outside of and parallel to the left and the revolution 
 made to the left and so on. It is an extremely difficult move- 
 ment, but both the difficulty and danger are minimized by at- 
 tempting it at a fairly quick pace rather than slowly, as the 
 quicker the revolution is made the quicker the feet get out of 
 the dangerous position of being locked together. In skating the 
 Pennsylvania backwards the pivots are reversed, the loop be- 
 tween the cups being made with the toe. The grapevines can 
 be skated equally well either on ice or rollers ; but the following 
 species of grapevine being skated on toes only is peculiar to 
 the rollers. 
 
 The skater rises on the toes, and with the chain step passes the 
 right in front of the left and, turning to the right, allows the 
 left to circle round it, the two feet describing two loops. When 
 the skater has described half a revolution the position of the 
 feet will be similar to the position when skating the Pennsyl- 
 vania, viz. : the right will be across the left and the outsides of 
 the feet in proximity (except, of course, that the skater is all 
 the time on the toes only). Resting the whole weight of the 
 body on the right foot, the left continues to circle round it 
 
FIGURE 14. 
 CORRECT POSITION OF FEET WHEN STARTING. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIEUARY. 41 
 
 until a whole revolution is made and the feet become disen- 
 gaged, the re&ult being that a small loop is formed with the 
 right foot and a larger one with the left. 
 
 Any skater that will take the trouble to make himself a good 
 figure skater on rollers will without doubt take his place as a 
 first-class figure skater on ice. There is a good deal of persistent 
 drudgery to go through before sufficient skill is acquired to 
 render figure skating on rollers a real pleasure, but the holding 
 to one movement till it is conquered will of itself create in- 
 terest, and give encouragement to attempt other and greater 
 difficulties. 
 
FIGURE A. 
 HAND IN HAND. FORWARD MOVEMENT. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 SINGLE MOVEMENTS. 
 
 Roller skating is a pastime, and becomes to the intelligent 
 man an intellectual as well as a sensitive or bodily treat, from its 
 exemplif3ing the laws of motion. It is the art of balancing the 
 body and propelling it by the action of the feet when fitted with 
 a pair of skates which enables the skillful wearer to travel 
 backwards and forwards at a slow or rapid velocity or to de- 
 scribe a variety of arcs, circles, spirals, serpentine and other 
 figures in either direction and either singly or in combination 
 with other skaters. The art when thus highly elaborated is 
 called "figure skating" or '"figuring," for the reason that it is 
 the elevated branch of the pastime. The good skater fre- 
 quently realizes how deficient he or she is in that accuracy of 
 movement which is the test of his really possessing the com- 
 mand of their skates, and by constant application a polish and 
 finish is attained which enables the skater to overcome greatei 
 difficulties on the rollers. There are certain characteristics L 
 each skater partaking most strongly of the temperament of man/ 
 All cannot be gifted with the ''poetry of motion" which imparts 
 grace and finish. Those who are fortunate possessors of it will 
 certainly find the path to success a shorter one than those who 
 lack it. But the latter must redouble their efiforts to try what 
 careful practice will do in eradicating anything that is un- 
 gainly, inelegant and awkward. 
 
 Fancy skating carries the skater from the simple to the most 
 difficult and complex figures upon a systematic plan, which, when 
 carried to a degree of perfection not only enhances the pleasure 
 of the pastime for the skater, but provides a good entertainment 
 for the spectators. A common error among those ambitious to 
 become proficient in fancy skating is to become discouraged too 
 soon. A beginner often works hard at a particular figure for sev- 
 
FIGURE B. 
 HAND IN HAND, FACE TO FACE. DUTCH OR CROSS ROLL. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 45 
 
 eial hours and on leaving off seems to have made little progress, 
 but the real practice is sure to have shown results, and on the 
 following day the skater will find the figure that yesterday seemed 
 impossible come with the greatest ease. To master the details 
 of all the fancy skating figures is a moral as vi^ell as physical 
 impossibility, and for the purpose of illustrating some of the 
 most simple as well as graceful figures only those that are com- 
 paratively easy of accomplishment, yet graceful, are used. If 
 the skater can execute the below-mentioned movements with 
 accuracy, grace and skill innumerable other movements and fig- 
 ures will present themselves. 
 
 The first and inost important of all figure skating is the Dutch 
 or cross roll (Fig. 2). The movement receives its name from 
 its resemblance to the rolling of a hoop or coin or loose wheel, 
 also the rolling of a ship in a sea. To efifect this, impetus may be 
 obtained by inside forward strokes, the turn on both feet to back- 
 wards and a few back strokes ; then let the skater continue with 
 both feet, running in the parallel curves of a very large circle, 
 and practice the art of easing off the weight of the body from 
 the foot that is on the larger curve (the outer), until it can 
 gradually be lifted from the floor. Impetus must be sustained by 
 occasional strokes of the same foot or, if more convenient, a 
 fresh start made. The sustaining power of the centrifugal force 
 can be experienced by turning the foot that is describing the 
 outside a little more in the menter so as to make somewhat sud- 
 denly a smaller curve ; this will immediately give the skater a 
 practical proof of the certainty of such movement, restoring the 
 balance if in danger of being lost. Having thus far acquired the 
 edge, the alternate large curves should be struck in the side- 
 ways attitude next, the circles which make the fourth 8. The 
 closing practice should be the swift run forward, the turn on 
 both feet to backward, and the immense spiral to a state of rest 
 without touching the floor with the unemployed foot. This 
 will test the attainments of the learner in outside backwards 
 which on the large scale is a very fine and bold movement, and, 
 moreover, a safe edge to be on at the highest velocity. It must 
 
FIGURE D. 
 CORRECT POSITION FOR WALTZING. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 47 
 
 not be forgotten that the weight of the body should be on the 
 toe part of the skates in forward edges and on the heel in back 
 edges. Want of nerve in throwing the weight of the body well 
 on to the heel is the cause of the great difficulty that is ex- 
 perienced in learning the back edges. The feet and legs in 
 the cross outside forward or backward are crossed in the act 
 of striking. Therefore everything takes place on the outside 
 edge, and to compensate for the unusual and somewhat dis- 
 advantageous position of the feet and the less vigorous impulse 
 obtainable it is necessary to make the utmost use of the weight 
 and momentum of the body. When this is done the impulse 
 is very considerably increased. The hitherto miemployed leg 
 must be gently and evenly swung round the employed one ia 
 such a manner that it arrives exactly at the proper time and 
 angle to be put down, and so become the traveling one. 
 
 With this movement accomplished, which is the most difficult, 
 and keystone of the others, the following advice and suggestions 
 will be found of assistance. Many skaters are at a loss to know 
 what to do when, skating backwards, they desire to stop. The 
 movement is a simple one (Fig. i). Balance on one foot, swing- 
 ing the other to the rear, raising the heel of the rear skate and 
 permitting the toe to drag along the floor. This will be found 
 advantageous in all fancy figures. 
 
 Pivot circling, outside edge (Figs. 3 and 6). When skating 
 take an outside edge circle with either foot. The unemployed 
 foot should swing on the circle until the toe touches the floor, 
 continuing to circle until the body comes to a stop. 
 
 Choctaw movement. The skater goes from the outside foot 
 forward of one foot to the inside back of the other (Fig. 4). 
 The effort of swinging the body round sufficiently to place down 
 the foot in proper position for taking the new edge necessi- 
 tates a jump while the feet are in the ungainly position of being 
 turned in. 
 
 Plain toe movement spins, inside, are done by letting the 
 two feet run about thirty inches apart (Fig. 5), then turn the 
 toes slightly in, drawing the feet suddenly together, and throw- 
 
48 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 ing the head and shoulders in the direction desired. The body 
 must be erect and the hands at the side to look well. 1 his 
 cannot be a good spin without twelve or fourteen revolutions. 
 
 Spread Eagle. The straightened knee is as necessary to im- 
 part grace to the spread eagle as it is to any other figure, but 
 the straightening of the knee renders the acquisition of the 
 necessary position most difficult and can only be acquired by 
 long practice. The best method of obtaining impetus is by the 
 ordinary run forward, the feet are then placed in a direct line, 
 the heels close together and the toes turned in opposite direc- 
 tions. Assuming the body to be erect and the skater able to 
 hold the feet in this position and proceed in a straight line, it 
 being necessary that the feet be kept in position by muscular 
 exertion alone (Fig. 7). It is quite possible to finish the move- 
 ment by slowly drawing one foot in front of the other in a 
 straight line, so that the toes instead of the heels are facing each 
 other. By leaning slightly forward when the feet are in spread- 
 eagle position, the skater will be thrown onto the inside edge and 
 a curve instead of a straight line will be the result. In this 
 case the feet will not, of course, be quite in a straight line. 
 At the same time leaning backwards a curve on the outside edge 
 can be attained and the serpentine line formed by the combination 
 of the outside and inside curves. Spread-eagle fashion is very 
 pretty and is known as the "Spread Eagle Wave." 
 
 Philadelphia Twist. The single grape-vine movement is fol- 
 lowed by allowing the right foot to pass in front of the left 
 with the movement of the chain step, when the right shoulder 
 should be thrown back and a turn to the right (Fig. 9) made by 
 means of a common 3 on the right and the reverse 3 on the left 
 foot, the turn to the right being half a second in advance of the 
 left. The turn on either foot brings the skater's body round half 
 a circle. When this curve has been sustained a short distance 
 the balance of the body has to be shifted, and the feet being 
 retained in the same position (that is, with the right foot lead- 
 ing) a curve has to be made to the right and the left foot 
 allowed to take precedence of the right by gradually circling 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAHY. 49 
 
 round it. At this moment the feet are at right angles to each 
 other with the toes pointing inwards. But this awkward posi- 
 tion is soon relieved by the left following the right on a curve 
 of outside forwards and this turning from forwards to back- 
 wards by half revolutions with intermediate curves is what 
 constitutes the grape-vine. 
 
 Heel-and-toe Split. In skating forward the weight of the 
 body should be thrown on the heel of one foot and the toe of 
 the other (Fig. lo), keeping the feet apart. This can be ac- 
 complished in both the straight and serpentine movements. 
 
 Riding the Pony. A favorite trick of the boys and those 
 fairly advanced in fancy skating. After securing a good momen- 
 tum allow the weight of the body to rest on one foot and bend 
 to a sitting position, with the other leg extended to full length 
 (Fig. II ). This can be accomplished in plain forward movement 
 or in large serpentine curves. 
 
 Turning a Corner. In approaching the curve, the skater being 
 on the left foot (Fig. 12), outside edge forward, the right foot 
 is brought forward and placed in front of the left, the weight 
 of the body being shifted to the right foot simultaneoush'. 
 
 To stop in forward movement. The correct position of the 
 feet in stopping when skating forward is to allow the weight 
 of the body to rest on one foot, place the unemployed foot be- 
 hind the one employed, in a right angle position (Fig. 13), 
 allowing the wheels to drag in this position until the skater has 
 come to a stop. 
 
 Position for starters. Take a short step or glide forward, 
 at the same time permitting the weight of the body to shift to 
 the foot in the forwa''d position. Continue the movement from 
 right to left and vice versa (Fig. 14), until the plain outside edge 
 roll forward is mastered. 
 
 DOUBLE MOVEMENTS. 
 Hand-in-hand forward movement. The man takes his posi- 
 tion on the left of his partner when .starting the figure on the 
 right foot, taking her left hand in his right or holding her right 
 
50 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 hand in his right and htr left in his left (Fig, A), the joined 
 hands being underneath the left hands. It is essential that the 
 outside skater, i.e., the one to the left when on an outside of the 
 right leg, and vice versa when on an outside of the left, should 
 just previous to a turn being made be in advance. The stronger 
 skater should be on the outside, as he with greater power will 
 more readily shoot ahead just previous to a turn. When turns 
 made from an inside forward on the right, the left-hand skater 
 must previous to the turn be behind his partner, and the right- 
 hand skater behind his partner when on the left leg. 
 
 Hand in Hand, Face to Face. — The hands should be held in 
 a natural way, viz., the "man standing face to face with his part- 
 ner's left hand in his right and vice versa (Fig. B). The sim- 
 plest of the figures is the forward and back roll in which the 
 lady executes the forward cross roll starting with the left, and 
 after this has been practiced some time, the lady may substitute 
 a turn for a stroke of outside forward, which will have the effect 
 of reversing the order of going. 
 
 Waltz Movement. — There is very little difference between this 
 movement and the preceding one. The skaters assume the same 
 position as in the ordinary waltz and follow the hand-in-hand 
 face-to-face figures. The man should hold firmly (Fig. D) to 
 his partner in whirling. 
 
 Hand-in-Hand Mohawk Movement. — Start the movement in 
 the first of the double figures, with a firm large outer edge for- 
 ward, right foot, flatten the shoulders into the plane of the right 
 skate by carrying the left shoulder way back, turn the toes of the 
 left feet as far out as possible. By a gentle tilt of the body shift 
 the weight from the right foot to the left. The foot will drop in 
 position neatly on the proper edge and the movement continued. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 61 
 
 Sports on Roller Skates 
 
 With the revival of roller skating many novel sporting and 
 athletic events have been introduced. When skating was in 
 vogue nearly two decades ago speed skating formed the only 
 real athletic feature, although figure skating was always popular. 
 Just as the ball-bearing skate has supplanted the old-fashioned 
 skate, so has modern ideas and ingenuity found ways and means 
 to provide an ever-exacting public with something new and at- 
 tractive. Of all sports and pastimes on roller skates basket ball 
 holds first place. It offers greater opportunity for scientific play 
 and is fast and exciting. In fact basket ball is a much faster 
 game on roller skates than in the ordinary style. This means 
 that notwithstanding the difficulties in preserving one's equi- 
 librium at all times, the passing, dribbling and goal throwing can 
 be made just as fast as the players are expert on the rollers. 
 There is no let up in the game, and it is full of exciting plays 
 and interesting maneuvers. The liability of accident is minimized 
 and with the proper enforcement of rules players who have be- 
 come proficient in roller skating should make few if any tumbles. 
 
 Roller polo is too well known to need any special mention. 
 Similar to ice hockey and pony polo, it is fast, fascinating and 
 entertaining, but requires considerable practice to reach a degree 
 of perfection to appeal to the followers of roller skating. Some 
 years ago there were several roller polo leagues, but the absence 
 of devotees to roller skating was largely instrumental in causing 
 the sport to lose favor. With so many members of the various 
 athletic clubs throughout the country now enjoying roller skat- 
 ing an early revival of the game may confidently be expected. 
 
 Broom ball is another game that appeals to the followers of 
 roller skating. It is played under rules similar to that of roller 
 polo. Instead of hockey sticks, brooms are used, and a Spalding 
 Association foot ball replaces the ball used in polo. There is less 
 
52 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 liabilit}' of accident, but compared with polo it lacks the scientific 
 part of the game. Five men play on each side, and the inflated 
 leather-covered ball is propelled, or hit, with the birch part of 
 the broom. The object is to drive the ball through goal posts 
 placed at each end of the hall. 
 
 Push ball on roller skates is amusing rather than scientific, 
 and while it affords untold amusement to the spectators it is of 
 little real value to the players from an athletic standpoint. It 
 has been played with considerable success and must take its place 
 among the new sports and pastimes in the roller skating rink. 
 
 Gymkhana races have found favor with the present revival 
 of roller skating. These consist of a series of obstacle competi- 
 tions which bring into play all the athletic faculties of the 
 skaters. Gymkhana races are an Indian product, where the 
 ofiicers and men of the British Army stationed in that country 
 find the ordinary athletic events too strenuous with the ther- 
 mometer at 100 degrees in the shade. These consist of crawling 
 through barrels and rings of a ladder placed on edge, jumping 
 over low hurdles and crawling under netting, or surmounting 
 any obstacle which may impede the progress of a contestant. 
 These races can be arranged so as to give an entire programme 
 of events. 
 
 Among the other sports adapted to roller skating are : Speed 
 races, relays, high jumping, long jumping, skating backwards 
 and potato races. In addition to these sports ball masques and 
 fancy dress competitions may be added to the list of events to 
 provide a programme of interesting entertainments. The follow- 
 ing is an illustration of programmes that can be varied to suit 
 the conditions of the skating rink : 
 
 PROGRAMME I.— ATHLETIC SPORTS. 
 Monday— Basket Ball. 
 Tuesday — Speed Races. 
 Wednesday — Roller Polo. 
 Thursday — Gymkhana Races. 
 Friday — Broom Ball. 
 Saturday — Push Ball. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBHARY. 53 
 
 PROGRAMME II.— MIXED. 
 Monday— Basket Ball. 
 Tuesday — Ball Masque. 
 Wednesday — Speed Races. 
 Thursday — Gj-mkhana and Relay Races. 
 Friday — Fancy Dress Competilion. 
 Saturday — Roller Polo. 
 
54 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAET. 
 
 Rules for Good Form 
 
 \. ^ JJ 
 
 The body should be erect, but yielding and kept generally 
 square to the front ; but the skater should remember that the 
 lines of business are straight while those of pleasure are curves. 
 The body, therefore, should be easy and pliable, with no degree 
 of stiffness, leaning slightly forward. An air of lightness 
 should pervade every motion. 
 
 The head should be carried upright, inclining backward, and 
 easy in any position ; the skater should always remember the 
 important caution : never look down at the feet while skating ! 
 
 The shoulder must be kept slightly back of the breast and 
 moderately low, not forced, but easy in the position. 
 
 The legs should not be stiff. Nothing so effectually destroys 
 the beauty and gracefulness of the movement as stiffness of 
 the limbs, and, as it gives a rigidity to the body it is not only 
 unbecoming, but materially disadvantageous. 
 
 The knee of the performing leg should be slightly bent. This 
 rule is absolute. 
 
 The arms must hang loosely at the side, the elbows slightly 
 bent, the hands naturally facing the body, the fingers neither 
 imitating the tines of a fork, nor clutched as if with a spasm, 
 but a little bent and slightly separated. A position of case, 
 natural, unassumed, and especially devoid of affectation is essen- 
 tial. The body should be held naturally erect, yet yielding and 
 with the chest well expanded. All the members of the body 
 should work in unison, in an easy and pliable manner, with no 
 stiffness, and an air of lightness should pervade every motion, 
 as a constrained or forced motion destroys harmony, and gives 
 pain to the spectators. Whatever position the head is thrown 
 into while the skater is executing different movements, it 
 should fall into position naturally, never too stiffly. It should 
 incline as if by intuition, in a continued, graceful motion, with- 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 65 
 
 out apparent eti'ort or volition. The shoulders sliouid always be 
 kept well back, not forced, but in position. Stiffness of the 
 Hmbs gives a rigidity to the body which is unbecoming and 
 naturally disadvantageous. A pliability of form is absolutely 
 necessary to the acquirement of the different movements exe- 
 cuted on skates. 
 
 Remember that the head rules the feet. Remember that when 
 striking out on any edge you must feel that you are perfectly 
 keen on that edge until it is changed to another. Remember 
 that it is allowable to look down at the feet in executing a 
 certain figures "to place," but that in cutting figures "in field" 
 it is absolutely unnecessary, in fact, detrimental. Remember 
 not to skate your movements too hurriedly, as you are not 
 skating against time, and speed is certainly the greatest enemy 
 of grace. 
 
56 SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 Race Skating Rules 
 
 1 
 
 1. The officers of a Race Meeting shall be: 
 One Referee. 
 
 Three Judges at the finish. 
 
 Three Timekeepers. 
 
 One Scorer, with assistants, if necessary. 
 
 One Clerk of the Course, with assistants, if necessary. 
 
 One Starter. 
 
 Four Parole Judges. 
 
 Two Measurers. 
 
 2. The Referee shall be the executive officer and shall decide 
 all points of dispute and infringement of rules. His decision 
 shall be final and without appeal. 
 
 3. The Judges at ffiiish shall determine the order of finishing 
 of contestants, and shall arrange among themselves as to noting 
 the winner, second, third, as the case may be. In case of dis- 
 agreement the majority shall decide, and their decision as to 
 order of finish shall be final and without appeal. 
 
 4. Each of the three Timekeepers shall time every event. 
 Should two of the three watches mark the same time and the 
 third disagree, the time marked by the two watches shall be 
 accepted. Should all three disagree, the time marked by the in- 
 termediate watch shall be accepted. 
 
 The flash of the pistol shall denote the actual time of starting. 
 In case only two watches are held on an event, and they fail to 
 agree, the longest time of the two shall be accepted. 
 
 For record, however, three watches must be held on an event. 
 
 5. The Scorer shall record the order in which each competitor 
 finishes his event, together with the time furnished him by the 
 Timekeepers. He shall keep a tally of the laps made by each 
 competitor in races covering more than one lap, and shall an- 
 nounce by means of a bell, or otherwise, when the leading man 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 57 
 
 enters the last lap. He shall control his assistants, and assign to 
 them such of his duties as he may deem best. 
 
 6. The Clerk of the Course shall record the name of each 
 competitor who shall report to him, shall give him his number 
 for each race in which he is entered, and notify him before the 
 start of every event in which he is engaged, and see that he is 
 placed on his proper mark. 
 
 The assistants shall do such portions of his work as he may 
 assign to them. 
 
 7. The Starter shall have entire control of competitors at 
 their marks and shall be the sole judge of fact as to whether or 
 not any man has gone over his mark. 
 
 His decision in such case shall be final and without appeal. 
 
 All races shall be started by report of pistol, a snap cap shall 
 be no report. There shall be no recall after pistol is fired. When 
 any competitor shall touch the floor in front of his mark before 
 the starting signal is given, it shall be considered a false start. 
 
 Penalties for false starting shall be inflicted by the starter as 
 follows : For first offense, the competitor shall be put back one 
 yard, and another yard for second offense, and for the third 
 offense disqualified. 
 
 8. The Patrol Judges shall be stationed at the corners of the 
 course, from which places they will watch closely the contestants, 
 and if they observe any fouling or irregularity, calling for official 
 action, they will immediately after the heat or race report the 
 same to the Referee. 
 
 g. All track measurements shall be certified by the measurers 
 and the measurement of track shall be two feet from the inner 
 edge, which edge shall be clearly defined to their satisfaction. 
 
 10. Entries shall not be received, or acknowledged until the 
 entry fees are paid in full and accompanied with a registration 
 card. 
 
 11. All entries shall be made upon official entry blanks in the 
 real name of applicant, with age and address. 
 
 12. Immediately on arri\al each competitor shall report to the 
 Clerk of the Course. 
 
58 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 13. Each competitor shall be supplied with, and wear during 
 each contest, a distinctive number corresponding to his number 
 on the programme. 
 
 14. He shall inform himself of the times at which he must 
 compete, and will report promptly at the start without waiting 
 to be notified. 
 
 15. No attendant shall accompany a competitor on the course. 
 Competitors shall draw lots for their respective places on the post 
 before leaving the dressing-room. 
 
 16. The contestant that gets the inside place, or pole, has the 
 right of way, and can only be passed on the right hand. BUT 
 SHOULD SAID PARTY STRAY AWAY FROM THE POLE, 
 ANY CONTESTANT IS PRIVILEGED TO PASS ON THE 
 LEFT HAND, PROVIDED THAT THERE IS AMPLE 
 ROOM. 
 
 17. A contestant winning the pole place is entitled to all its 
 rights. 
 
 18. All contestants will invariably pass each other on the right 
 hand, except as specified above in capitals. 
 
 19. No consideration or allowance of time will be granted to 
 any contestant where they are to blame for any delay or mishap. 
 
 20. Each competitor shall keep in his respective position from 
 the start to finish in all races on straightaway tracks, and in all 
 races on tracks with one or more turns he shall not cross to the 
 inner edge of the track, except when he is at least twelve feet in 
 advance of his nearest competitor. 
 
 21. The Referee may disqualify from that event any competi- 
 tor who willfully pushes against, impedes, crosses the course of, 
 or in any way interferes with another competitor. 
 
 22. The Referee may disqualify from further participation in 
 the races any contestant for loafing, traveling behind for rest, or 
 wind break, competing to lose coaching, or in any way impeding 
 the chances of another competitor either in a trial or final con- 
 test. 
 
 2^. Verbal protests can be made at or before any competition 
 or race meeting against a competitor by anyone competing. But 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 69 
 
 such protest must be subsequently made in writing and duly 
 presented to the Referee within forty-eight hours thereafter. 
 
 24. The Referee shall set a time and hear both sides of a 
 case of protest, and decide the same. 
 
 25. A tape shall be stretched across the track at the finish, 
 four feet above the floor at right angles to the course and parallel 
 to the floor. The finish line is not this tape, but the line on the floor 
 drawn across the track from post to post. The tape is merely 
 intended to assist the Judges in their decision. 
 
 A finish shall be counted when any part of the winner's body, 
 except his hands or arms, shall cross the finish line. 
 
 CAUSE OF DISQUALIFICATION OF CONTESTANTS. 
 
 1. Who willfully fouls, crowds, pushes, hinders or in any way 
 impedes the progress of any other contestant in a race. 
 
 2. Who cuts inside of any corner or Parole Judge, or who 
 willfully leaves the course before the race is finished. 
 
 3. Who is guilty of ofifering, agreeing, conspiring or attempt- 
 ing to cause any race to result otherwise than on its merits. 
 
 4. Who uses profane language or is guilty of improper conduct 
 at the race meet. 
 
 5. Who gambles or bets on the results of a race. 
 
 6. Who fails to pay entrance fee before the race, or is not 
 properly registered. 
 
 7. Who has ever entered in a contest under an assumed 
 name. 
 
 8. Who has contested for a money prize within two years. 
 
 PROGRAMME FOR FIGURE SKATING CONTESTS. 
 The object of this programme is to set forth the movements 
 of figure skating so as best to test the proficiency of skaters, and 
 in an order that will economize the strength of the contestants. 
 The movements are arranged under comprehensive fundamental 
 heads. It is to be understood that whenever practicable all move- 
 
60 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 luents are to be executed both forward and backward on right 
 foot and on left. 
 
 I. Outside edge roll forward. 
 Outside edge roll backward. 
 
 3. Single and double flat foot spins, crossfoot and two foot 
 
 whirls. 
 
 4. Inside edge roll forward. 
 Inside edge roll backward. 
 
 6. Figure eight on one foot, forward, single and double 
 
 circles. 
 
 7. Curved angles — threes, single, double and chain, beginning 
 
 on inside or outside edge. 
 Figure eight on one foot backward, single and double 
 
 circles. 
 Cross roll forward in field and eights, single and double 
 
 circle. 
 Cross roll backward in field and eights, single and double 
 
 circle. 
 Loops and ringlets on inside and outside edges, single and 
 
 in combination. 
 Change of edge roll forward, beginning on either outside 
 
 or inside edge. 
 
 13. Change of edge roll backward, beginning on either outside 
 
 or inside edge. 
 
 14. Curved angles — rocking and counter rocking turns from 
 
 outside edge to outside edge and inside edge to inside 
 edge, forward and backward. 
 
 15. Curved angles — crosscuts or anvils on inside and outside 
 
 edges. 
 
 16. Grapevines. 
 
 17. Toe and heel movements, embracing pivot circling, toe 
 
 spins (pirouettes) and movements on both toes. 
 
 In case of a tie the judges shall order the competitors so tied 
 to skate five specialties each. 
 
 If limited as to time the judges may select what is thought 
 best. 
 
SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 61 
 
 This sclicdule is intended as a guide, as well to skaters as to 
 judges who should continually bear in mind that grace is a most 
 desirable attribute to artistic skating. 
 
 The rules of the Amateur Skating xA.ssociation of the United 
 States are as follows : 
 
 The officials of a figure skating competition shall be three 
 judges and one scorer. 
 
 The judging shall be done on a scale of points running from 
 the number of contestants down to 0. 
 
 Experience shews the following to be the most practical method 
 of scoring: 
 
 "The number to be given to the one standing first in any 
 section shall be that of the number of contestants. Should there 
 be two or more of equal merit, they should be marked the same 
 number ; and the one coming next below takes the number result- 
 ing from subtracting the number of competitors above him from 
 the number entered. A total failure is marked zero." 
 
 A fall does not necessarily constitute a failure. 
 
 At the conclusion of each figure each judge shall, without 
 consultation with his associates, mark the number of points which 
 he awards to each competitor. 
 
 These reports shall then be compared, and in case of disagree- 
 ment the majority shall decide. 
 
 The scorer shall keep an accurate record of the points allowed 
 to each contestant on each figure. 
 
 In deciding the relative merits of competitors, special attention 
 will be given to grace and ease of position, accuracy in skating 
 to place and ability to use both feet equally well. 
 
 Competitors before coming on the floor will draw lots to decide 
 the order in which they will skate, and shall preserve this order 
 throughout, except that the competitor who leads in each figure 
 shall skate last in the next on the programme, the others preserv- 
 ing their relative succession. 
 
 If, in the opinion of the judges, any competitor shall not have 
 skated in the first nine numbers sufficiently well, they may require 
 him to retire. 
 
62 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBEAEY. 
 
 Any competitor refusing to skate when called upon in his 
 proper turn, without a reason satisfactory to the judges, will be 
 ruled out of the competition and shall leave the floor. 
 
 The decision of the majority of the judges shall be final in 
 regard to all questions of disqualifications, interpretations of the 
 programme, and merits of the competitors. 
 
'SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 63 
 
 Playing Rules for Roller Polo 
 
 V - n r ■ ^ 
 
 Among the many games that can be played on roller skates 
 polo is one of the most fascinating and popular. It affords 
 healthful exercise for the players and furnishes wholesome en- 
 joyment for spectators. The rules for roller polo follow: 
 
 Each team shall consist of five players, to be designated as 
 follows : One goal tend, one halfback, one center, two rushes. 
 
 The ball shall be the regulation rubber covered polo ball, which 
 shall be furnished by the manuger of the home club. 
 
 The sticks shall not exceed four feet in length, one inch and 
 one-eighth in diameter, or fifteen ounces in weight. The crook 
 of the stick may be covered with leather, but no metallic sub- 
 stance will be allowed near that end of the stick. A cord or 
 strap shall be attached to the handle to prevent the stick from 
 slipping from the hand, but it shall not extend more than ten 
 inches beyond the end. 
 
 All games shall be played upon circular running skates in 
 good order, the rolls to be standard size. No player shall be 
 allowed to appear on the surface with a metal roll nor one less 
 than one and one-quarter inches in diameter. No skate shall 
 be more than two inches shorter than the ordinary boot or 
 shoe of the player. The spindle must not project more than 
 one-eighth of an inch from the skate. The cotter pin must be 
 applied to the outside of the skate and a blind-headed end on 
 the inside thereof. 
 
 The skates must be securely fastened to the feet and no 
 player can call time to readjust his skates. In case a skate is 
 broken and a player thereby is obliged to leave the surface, his 
 place must be taken by a substitute in uniform. The player 
 retiring may resume his position at the option of his captain. 
 For each championship game two balls shall be furnished by the 
 home club to the referee for use. If the ball in play is batted 
 
64 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 out of the playing surface and is not returned within thirty 
 seconds the other ball shall be put in play by the referee. As 
 often as one of the two in use is lost, another must be substi- 
 tuted, so that the referee shall at all times after the game begins 
 have two for use. 
 
 Should the ball become out of shape, cut or ripped so as to 
 expose the yarn, or in any way so injured as to be, in the opin- 
 ion of the referee, unfit for use, the referee on being appealed 
 to by either captain, shall at once put the alternate ball into use 
 and call for a new one. 
 
 The goal shall be three feet high and four and one-half feet 
 long. The surface must be pumiced before each game. 
 
 In playing a game, the front of the cage or goal must not 
 be less than ten feet from the end and equidistant from the 
 side of the playing surface of the rink. 
 
 No player except the goal tend shall be allowed within a 
 semi-circle plainly indicated in front of the goal, the radius 
 of which must be two and one-half feet from the center of the 
 goal line. It is understood that if the goal tend leaves his posi- 
 tion, whoever for the time being takes his place is the goal tend. 
 
 To start the game, the ball shall be placed at rest at the 
 middle of a straight line drawn through the center of each goal 
 and at the whistle of the referee, shall be charged upon by the 
 rusher who is standing by the goal. No other player shall be 
 permitted to rush for the ball, and should any player of the oppos- 
 ing side attempt to block an opposing rusher before the ball is 
 charged a foul must be declared. In starting on a rush one 
 rusher only can stand at the cage. The other must stand at the 
 side of the rink. 
 
 A goal is won by the passage of the ball into the cage or net 
 from the front, where it must remain until removed by the 
 referee. No goal shall be allowed when kicked in by one of the 
 opposing team. 
 
 The positions of the teams shall be reversed after each goal. 
 
 Three innings of fifteen minutes each of actual playing time 
 shall constitute a game, except as provided hereinafter, and the 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 65 
 
 cliil) winning the most goals in that time shall bo the winner of 
 the game. 
 
 In computing the time all waits between goals and during the 
 progress of the game on calls of time shall be deducted from 
 the actual time and only the playing time of the goal reckoned. 
 
 The final goal shall be the one which ends at the expiration 
 of the third fifteen minutes of actual playing time, unless the 
 clubs are tied, in which case the deciding goal shall be played. 
 In case of a tie at the expiration of the third period all fouls 
 shall be declared off and play shall be continued until the de- 
 cisive goal is scored. In case a game is interrupted by unavoid- 
 able accident or other unforeseen cause and cannot be con- 
 tinui^d, the game shall be awarded to the club leading at the 
 time of interruption, provided two periods have been played. 
 
 There shall be a corps of official referees and timekeepers, 
 and time must be kept by a stop-watch or a stop-clock. If 
 the timekeeper fails to appear at any game a substitute shall be 
 appointed b}' the manager of llie home team. 
 
 The visiting team shall be allowed a representative at each 
 game, who may require of the official timer that the watch be 
 so held that both can at all times see its face, and the official 
 scorer so keep his record that the visiting representative may 
 at all times see same. At any time a question arises note shall 
 be made of the differences and the matter settled at the close 
 of the periods. 
 
 No person but the players and referee shall be permitted on 
 tile surface during a match, unless assistance is to be rendered 
 in case of accident, or unless upon mutual invitation of the cap- 
 tains and referee. Failure to observe this rule within one min- 
 ute after the direction of the referee to leave the floor will 
 carry with it a forfeiture of the game. 
 
 The referee shall have charge of the clubs and the surface 
 from the time the game is called till it is finished or postponed. 
 Tie shall start and call the game, shall settle all disputed points, 
 and shall announce each goal, giving its time and all fouls and 
 their nature. 
 
6S SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 The referee is ihe master of the surfaee from beginning of 
 the game to its close, and he must compel the players to observe 
 the provisions of the playing rules. 
 
 The referee must keep the contesting teams playing con- 
 stantly from the beginning of the game to the termination, al- 
 lowing for such delays as are rendered unavoidable by accident. 
 
 The referee must call play promptly at the hour designated 
 by the hoine club, and on the blast of the whistle the contest 
 shall begin. When the whistle is blown for time, no goal can 
 be counted that is made until the signal has been given to renew 
 play. The sound of the gong shall aimounce the termination of 
 the contest. 
 
 The skates of each club shall be examined b\' the referee or 
 the manager immediately before the players go on the surface 
 or before leaving the surface. No player shall be allowed to 
 leave the surface without permission of the referee, who shall 
 examine his skates upon his return. 
 
 There shall be an of^cial scorer connected with each club, 
 who shall prepare a summary of each contest, which shall con- 
 tain the names of players, date of game, the number and order 
 of rushes, goals won by each team, and a record of fouls ; giving 
 names of players making the same and the time occupied in 
 playing for each goal. 
 
 If the ball go out of bounds the referee shall blow his whistle 
 to call time and place the ball at the point opposite where it 
 went out, at least four feet from the rail. In recommencing 
 play, the players who do so must stand in position to knock the 
 ball lengthwise of the surface with their backs toward the sides. 
 
 Time shall be called by the referee whenever a foul occurs. 
 Upon the renewal of the game the hall must be placed where 
 the foul occurred. 
 
 If time is called while goal is in progress the play shall not 
 cease until the referee's whistle is blown. 
 
 A goal shall be taken from either side for every third foul 
 committed by it during the progress of a game. After taking 
 cognizance of a third foul and announcing the result the referee 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC IJP.UARY. 67 
 
 shall continue tho ganio from wIrtc it left off at the call of foul. 
 
 It shall be deemed a foul: (a.) if any player stop or strike 
 the ball when any part of his person except his feet is touch- 
 ing the surface; (b) if any player stop, catch or bat the ball 
 willi his hands or arms; (c) if the player intentionally violate 
 Rule 7; (d) if any player hold another player on the surface or 
 against the rail; (e) if any player run about or strike the ball 
 while one of his skates is ofT or broken; ( f ) if any player stop 
 before or in the immediate vicinity of the goal cage to readjust 
 his skates; (g) if any player put his stick between the arm and 
 body of another player. 
 
 If the referee decides that a foul is made in the goal by the 
 goal tend, or by any player taking his place, for the time being, 
 that prevents a goal from being made, a goal shall be declared 
 for the opposing side. 
 
 In case two or more players are in the goal circle and either 
 is hit by the ball a foul in goal shall be declared and a goal al- 
 lowed against the intruder. 
 
 If any player remove or attempt to remove the ball after it 
 has gone into the goal a goal will be allowed the opposing side. 
 
 Any act by any player that is manifestly intended as an un- 
 warrantable interference by one player with another may be de- 
 clared a foul by the referee from his own observation or upon 
 complaint by the captain of the offended side. 
 
 If on account of the absence of or injury to any player a 
 substitute is necessary and no regular member of the team is 
 present any person maj' be selected with the approval of the 
 captain of the opposing team, given in the presence of the referee. 
 
 If a dispute arise upon the surface it shall be settled by 
 the referee and the two captains ; the players shall take no parf 
 in the discussion imless called upon by the referee. 
 
 If any club refuses to abide by the decision of the referee 
 within one minute after being ordered to resume play they 
 shall forfeit the game. 
 
 If from any cause during the game play should be suspended 
 each player shall refrain from touching or knocking the ball. 
 
68 SPALDING'S ATni.RTIC LIBRARY. 
 
 Upon the beginning of pla\' the visiting club shall take the 
 goal nearest the entrance to the surface. 
 
 No pla3-er shall wear anj' extra appliances larger than the 
 ordinary size, such as masks, shin pads, chest protectors, etc., to 
 impede the progress of the ball. The shin pads of the goal tend 
 shall not exceed g inches diameter. Any player violating this 
 rule shall be ordered from the floor by the referee to make such 
 changes as the referee may desire. 
 
 In case a stick strap is broken the player must cease play until 
 it is repaired or another stick secured. Failure to observe this 
 shall entail the calling of a foul by the referee. 
 
 The sound of the gong shall announce the close of each period. 
 
 No player shall throw his stick at the ball or across the 
 surface. 
 
 Any plaj'er deliberately tripping or striking another shall be 
 cautioned, and for a second offence during the same game, he 
 shall be ordered from the surface for the remainder of the game. 
 
 Any player engaging in a bioil or altercation upon the surface 
 may be immediately ordered from the surface and ma}' be sus- 
 pended or expelled. 
 
 Any act by any player that is manifestly intended to injure 
 a player, delay or obstruct the game or is contrary to the spirit 
 of fair and honorable play shall subject the player to expulsion 
 from the floor. 
 
 If at any time during the game any player shall use abusive 
 or insulting language or offer violence to any referee he may 
 expel him from the floor. 
 
 In case of any disturbance, unnecessary noise or interference 
 with the game or the referee by any one else, the referee shall 
 have the right to suspend the game until quiet is restored, or if 
 necessary he may order the offending party or parties expelled 
 from the rink. In case his orders are not complied with he 
 may stop the game and award the game to the visiting club. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 69 
 
 National Rules Goveri\ing Fancy, Trick 
 
 and Figure Skating 
 
 \ V JJ 
 
 Figure No. i — 
 
 Outer edge roll forward on flat foot; toes; heels. 
 Pigurc N'o. 2 — 
 
 Inner edge roll forward on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
 figure A"o. 3 — 
 
 Outer edge roll backward on flat foot; toes; heels. 
 Figure No. 4 — 
 
 Inner edge roll backward on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
 Figure No. 5 — 
 
 Change of edge forward, beginning cither on inner or outer 
 edge on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
 Figure No. 6 — 
 
 Change of edge backward, beginning either on inner or 
 outer edge, on flat foot ; toes : heels. 
 Figure No. 7 — 
 
 Figure 8 forward on flat foot ; toe ; heel. 
 Figure No. 8 — ■ 
 
 Figure 8 backward on flat foot ; toe. 
 Figure No. 9— 
 
 Various spins. Spins must not be reinforced after starting 
 a spin. 
 Figure No. 10 — 
 
 Bracket circles. Change edge on flat foot ; toes. 
 Figure No. II — 
 
 Grapevines, on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
 Figure No. 12 — 
 
 Promenade and two-step specialties, on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
 Figure No. 1$ — 
 
 Lilac cut backward on flat foot and toes. 
 
70 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 Figure No. 14 — 
 
 Forward and backward serpentine on flat foot; toe; heel. 
 
 Figure No. 15 — 
 
 Bracket 8 on flat foot ; toe. 
 Figure No. 16 — 
 
 Four crosses on flat foot. 
 Figure No. ly — 
 
 Flying threes on flat foot ; toes. 
 
 Figure No. 18 — 
 
 Loops and ringlets on flat foot ; on toes ; on heels. 
 
 Figure No. ig — 
 
 Cross cuts and cut-offs; single and double circles; flat foot; 
 toes. 
 Figure No. 20 — 
 
 Specialties. One foot forward; toe; heel. 
 Figure No. 21 — 
 
 Specialties on flat foot backward ; one toe ; one heel. 
 Figure No. 22 — 
 
 General display of original and peculiar movements. 
 
 Note. — In all figures the contestant must be able to do his 
 figures to left foot as well as the right foot ; also all movements 
 scheduled in this program must be done on toes and heels as 
 well as on the flat foot. In all contests the Amateur Athletic 
 Union will govern, and they will have full power to appoint all 
 judges and officials which may govern such contests, both 
 amateur and professional. 
 
 Scoring will be on the basis of 100 per cent, for each figure. 
 As there are three parts to some of the figures each part will 
 count 33 1/3 per cent., as per example : Forward outer edge 
 roll on flat foot counts 33 1/3; on toe, 33 1/3; heel, 33 1/3; 
 total, 100 per cent. 
 
CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS. 
 
CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS SHOWING BACKWARD REVERSIBLE 
 ONE-TOE SPIN, STARTING FIRST WITH A CORKSCREW SPIN. 
 
 Photo by Hall. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 7^ 
 
 FANCY SKATING— HOW TO BECOME 
 AN EXPERT 
 
 <r 
 
 ROLLER SKATING. 
 
 The following suggestions should be carefully adhered to in 
 entering upon the practice of Roller Skating, and a thorough 
 understanding of the preliminary steps should be acquired before 
 attempting fancy or difficult movements. Learn one movement 
 at a time and that one sufficiently well to be able to perform it 
 at pleasure and without danger of falling. Overtasking the 
 abilities will surely result in a tendency to acquire awkward 
 habits. 
 
 Have confidence in the ability to perform what 3'ou are about 
 to undertake ; avoid as well over-confidence or timidity, either 
 one will make the novice appear ridiculous to spectators. 
 
 A position of ease, natural and devoid of affectation should 
 be cultivated, the body should be erect but without stiffness. 
 
 The licad should be held easily and slightly inclined backward. 
 The body, though inclined slightly forward, should be quite erect; 
 the chest expanded and shoulders squared ; avoid stooping or 
 bending and endeavor to cultivate a carriage as elegant as the 
 natural physique will allow. The arms should be held or swung 
 naturally at the side, all stiff and awkward motions should be 
 studiously avoided. The positions of the liiubs should be w'ell 
 cultivated, a graceful carriage requires that they be kept nearly 
 straight the greater portion of each stroke ; the raised foot being 
 held from the surface by a slight bending of the knee, barely 
 enough to clear the skate from the floor. 
 
 Avoid looking at the feet while skating, the attention should 
 be directed towards some object on a line with the eyes. 
 
 Start slow, fast movements are apt to result In awkward falls. 
 Be satisfied with a gradual improvement and by acquiring ex- 
 
CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS— STARTING OF FIGURE 8 ON ONE 
 TOE, CUT EDGE. Photo by Hall. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 75 
 
 perieiice the chances of falling, though sometimes unavoidable, 
 will be greatly lessened. 
 
 DRESS. 
 
 As the body requires less clothing while exercising than when 
 at rest, the skater should never be overburdened with wraps or 
 overcoats. Any unusual change of dress is unnecessary, though 
 ladies should not wear very long dresses nor hoop skirts. 
 
 Never sit down nor stand in repose in the cold air when heat- 
 ed, unless extra clothing is put over the shoulders, and not even 
 then when it can be avoided. 
 
 High cut, broad heeled shoes or boots should be worn ; under 
 no circumstances should low cut, narrow or high heeled shoes 
 be used. The skate should be selected with particular reference 
 to the size of the foot ; the forward rollers being properly placed 
 directl}' under the ball of the foot. 
 
 SKATES. 
 In the selection of skates the Spalding line as catalogued meets 
 the requirements of the average skater, whether for rink or 
 fancy skating. A very popular one being the new Spalding Rink 
 Skate, all steel throughout. 
 
 PRACTICE. 
 
 To attain grace and perfection in skating a careful study of 
 the first movements and positions is very essential. Without 
 such knowledge the mastery of the intricacies of the difficult 
 movements will become a matter of considerable time and much 
 unnecessary labor, and it is not at all unlikely that the move- 
 ments thus learned will lack the graceful appearance so desirable 
 in this pastime. 
 
 In the following pages a clear, concise and well illustrated de- 
 scription, showing as nearly as possible the relative positions of 
 the feet, the curves to be described and the correct angle of each 
 movement at the commencement of the step, is intended to take 
 the place of the professional instructor. 
 
 The important feature in the art of skating consists in a thor- 
 ough understanding of the method of maintaining a perfect bal- ' 
 
CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS— STARTING ONE TOE SERPENTINE 
 FORWARD AND REVERSING ON SAME TOE BACKWARD, 
 
 EXECUTING SAME MOVEMENT. Photo by Hall. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 77 
 
 ance in each movement ; by practice tlie beginner intuitively 
 gains the practical knowledge necessary to keep the body erect 
 and in perfect equilibrimn. 
 
 Remember always that in skating the weight of the body must 
 be mclined forward, enough so at least that the centre of gravity 
 will be directh' over the gliding foot ; by observing this rule the 
 chances of falls will be much lessened, particularly backward 
 falls. The feet also should be well placed, and the proper angles 
 taken ; under these circumstances it will be hardly probable that 
 the skates will go far astray. 
 
 Careless ways should be carefully avoided ; nothing is easier 
 than to acquire an awkward style ; nothing more difficult than 
 to overcome it. The most usual faults are ; — bent knees, high 
 shoulders, waving arms and shuffling scratchy strokes with the 
 feet. Long, clear and firm strokes with each foot, head well up, 
 arms down, limbs straight and body erect are the points to be 
 cultivated. 
 
 COMBINATION SKATING. 
 
 Skating in couples affords a most enjoyable means of exectit- 
 ing, not only the simple but the difficult movements, many of 
 the figure movements being greatly improved by thus executing 
 them. Skaters should faithfulh- practice those movements which 
 will allow of skating with partners, at every favorable oppor- 
 tunity. 
 
 DANCING. 
 
 Expert skaters will find no trouble in learning to waltz, or go 
 through the movements of quadrilles on rollers. A thorough 
 proficiency in the movements here given will enable the skater 
 to acquire with comparative ease, the necessary steps for waltz- 
 ing; the side glide, cut-off step, grapevine and scissor movements 
 will afford excellent practice for this purpose. 
 
 COMPLETE LIST OF MOVEMENTS PERFOR^^IED ON 
 ROLLER SKATES. 
 The following list includes nearly all the movements and com- 
 binations known to the best scientific skaters. They have been 
 
CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS— FLYING THREES ON ONE TOE, BOTH 
 BACK AND FORWARD. MOST DIFFICULT FEAT KNOWN 
 
 TO HUMAN BALANCE. Photo by Hall. 
 
SrALDINO'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 79 
 
 avranj^ctl Iiy an expert for the special use of skilled roller skaters. 
 In most instances the name will, in connection with the preced- 
 ing descriptions, enable the reader to understand the manner in 
 
 which each combination is executed. 
 
 I. Plain Roll, forward. 
 
 1. Plain Roll, backward. 
 
 3. Cross Roll, forward. 
 
 4. Cross Roll, backward. 
 
 5. Change Edge Roll, forward. 
 
 6. Change Edge Roll, backward. 
 
 7. Change Edge Cross Roll, forward. 
 
 8. Change Edge Cross Roll, backward. 
 
 9. Inside Edge Roll, forw^ard. 
 
 10. Inside Edge Roll, backward. 
 
 11. Long Roll, forward, outer edge. 
 \2. Long Roll, backward, outer edge, 
 ijs Long Roll, forward, inner edge. 
 
 14. Long Roll, backward, inner edge. 
 
 15. On to Richmond, forward. 
 
 16. On to Richmond, backward. 
 
 17. Polka Step, forward. 
 
 18. Polka Step, backward. 
 
 19. On to Richmond Polka, forward. 
 
 20. On to Richmond Polka, backward. 
 
 21. Polka with Side Glide Step. 
 
 22. Polka Step Double, forward. 
 
 23. Polka Step Double, backward. 
 
 24. Promenade Step Plain, forward. 
 
 25. Promenade Step Plain, backward. 
 
 26. Promenade Step with Turn Right. 
 
 27. Promenade Step with Turn Left. 
 
 28. Promenade Step with Turn Right and Left. 
 
 29. Promenade Step with Grapevine Twist. 
 
 30. Promenade Step with Philadelphia Twist. 
 
 31. Promenade Step with Figure Three, forward. 
 
 32. Promenade Step with Figure Three, backward 
 
JOHN F. DAVIDSON 
 
 And his roller skating outfit, including 3-foot stilt skates 
 
 (We are indebted to J. H. Symmons, photographer, for all the illustrations of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Davidson shown in tliis tx>ok.) 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 81 
 
 3S. Promenade Step with Side Glide Step. 
 
 34. Promenade Step Standing Still. 
 
 35. Promenade Step On Toes. 
 
 36. Promenade Step with Cut-Off Step. 
 
 37. Side Step, glide right. 
 
 38. Side Step, glide left. 
 
 39. Side Step, glide right and left. 
 
 40. Side Step, glide Cross Roll, forward. 
 
 41. Side Step, glide Cross Roll, backward. 
 
 42. Side Glide, circle right. 
 
 43. Side Glide, circle left. 
 
 44. Side Glide, circle with cut-off step. 
 
 45. Serpentine on Both Feet, forward. 
 
 46. Serpentine on Both Feet, backward. 
 
 47. Serpentine on Toes, forward. 
 
 48. Serpentine on Toes, backward. 
 
 49. Serpentine on Heels, forward. 
 
 50. Serpentine on T I eels, backward. 
 
 51. Serpentine, right foot forward. 
 
 52. Serpentine, right foot backward. 
 
 53. Serpentine, left foot forward. 
 
 54. Serpentine, left foot backward. 
 
 55. Serpentine, one foot, change from forward to backward 
 
 56. Serpentine, One Toe forward. 
 
 57. Serpentine, One Toe with a Jump. 
 
 58. Grapevine Plain, right. 
 
 59. Grapevine Plain, left. 
 
 60. Grapevine Plain, double. 
 
 61. Grapevine On Toes, right. 
 
 62. Grapevine On Toes, left. 
 
 63. Grapevine On Toes, double. 
 
 64. Grapevine On Heel and Toe, right. 
 
 65. Grapevine On Heel and Toe, left. 
 
 66. Grapevine On Heels, right. 
 
 67. Grapevine On Heels, left. 
 
 68. Grapevine On Heels, double. 
 
 69. Grapevine, Single and Double with cut-off step. 
 
^t 
 
 CLAIRE EL REY SISTERS ZOE 
 
 (7 years old) (11 years old) 
 
 STARTING OF TWO-STEP. 
 
SPALDING'S athletic; LIBRARY. 83 
 
 70. Grapevine, On 'IVies with one Toe Pirouette. 
 
 71. Grapevine, with Toe Whirl. 
 
 "]!. Grapevine, with Heel and Toe Whirl. 
 
 73. Philadelphia Twist, half to the right. 
 
 74. Phdadelphia Twist, half to the left. 
 
 75. Philadelphia Twist, Plain. 
 •jG. Philadelphia Twist, Double. 
 
 "jj. Philadelphia Twist, with Figure Three. 
 
 78. Philadelphia Twist, On Toes, forward. 
 
 79. Philadelphia Twist, on Toes, backward. 
 
 80. Philadelphia Twist, On 'i bes, double. 
 
 81. Picket Fence, to the right. 
 
 82. Picket Fence, to the left. 
 
 83. Picket Fence, with Promenade Step. 
 
 84. Picket Fence, with Side Glide Step. 
 
 85. Scissors Plain, right, forward. 
 
 86. Scissors Plain, left, forward. 
 
 87. Scissors On Toes, backward. 
 
 88. Scissors On Toes, forward. 
 
 89. Scissors On Heels, backward. 
 
 90. Scissors On Heels, forward. 
 
 91. Scissors On Toes, Philadelphia Twist. 
 
 92. Scissors On Toes, Double Philadelphia Twist. 
 
 93. Scissors On Toes, Cork Screw Turn. 
 
 94. Scissors Figure Three and Toe Pirouette. 
 
 95. Scissors with Toe Whirl. 
 
 96. Scissors with Heel and Toe Whirl. 
 
 97. Mercury Three's, right and left. 
 
 98. Mercury Three's, left circle. 
 
 99. Mercury Three's, right circle. 
 100. Mercury with Grapevine Twist. 
 
 loi. Figure Eight, Cross, Plain, forward. 
 
 102. Figure Eight, Cross, Plain, backward. 
 
 103. Figure Eight, Inside Edge, forward. 
 
 104. Figure Eight, Inside Edge, backward. 
 
 105. Figure Eight. Toe Pivot, Inside Edge, forward. 
 
 107. Figure Eight, Toe Pivot, Inside Edge, Pirouette on Toe 
 
 \ 
 
HUMAN TOP SPIN ON TOES. 
 
 SKATING A CORKSCREW 
 
 SPIN TO LEFT. 
 
 STARTING A ONE-FOOT EIGHT. 
 
 FINISHING A CAKE-WALK 
 
 PROMENADE ON TOES. 
 
UPALDINO'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 85 
 
 io8. Figure Eight, Toe Pivot, Inside Edge, Cork Screw 
 
 Turn. 
 
 109. Figure Eight, with Grapevine, 
 
 no. Figure Eight, witli Grapevine eut-off. inner edge. 
 
 111. Figure Eight, witli Philadelphia Twist. 
 
 112. Figure Eight, with Philadelphia Twist, cut-off inner 
 
 edge. 
 
 113. Figure Eight with Figure Three, outer edge. 
 
 114. Figure Eight with Figure Three, inner edge. 
 
 115. Figure Eight with Figure Three,, cut-off inner edge. 
 
 116. Figure Eight with Figure Three, Toe Pirouette. 
 
 117. Figure Eight with Figure Three, TIeel Pirouette. 
 
 118. Figure Eight, one foot forward right. 
 
 119. Figure Eight, one foot forward left. 
 
 120. Figure Eight, one foot hackward. right. 
 
 121. Figure Eight, one foot backward, left. 
 
 122. Figure Eight, one foot forward, with Pirouette. 
 
 123. Figure Eight, one foot half forward, half backward. 
 
 124. Figure Eight, one foot forward loop. 
 
 125. Figure Eight, one foot backward loop. 
 
 126. Figure Eight, on two toes, forward. 
 
 127. Figure Eight, on two toes, backward. 
 
 128. Figure Eight, on two toes. Corkscrew Turn or Ringlet. 
 
 129. Figure Eight, on Toes, Grapevine Tur'-, 
 
 130. Figure Eight, on Fleels, forward. 
 
 131. Spread Eagle Plain, right. 
 
 132. Spread Eagle Plain, left. 
 
 133. Spread Eagle on Toes, right. 
 
 134. Spread Eagle on Toes, left. 
 
 135. Spread Eagle on 1 leels. 
 
 136. Spread Eagle jump Pirouette in the air. 
 
 137. Spread Eagle change from right to left. 
 
 138. Spread Eagle light on heels. 
 
 139. Spread Eagle heel and toe, forward. 
 
 140. Spread Eagle, heel and toe. backward. 
 
 141. Spread Eagle with Philadelphia Twist Turn. 
 
 142. Spread Eagle with Grapevine Turn. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 87 
 
 143. One Toe Glide, forward. 
 
 144. One Toe Glide, backward. 
 
 145. One Heel Glide, forward. 
 
 146. One Heel Glide, backward. 
 
 147. One Toe Glide, change from forward to backward. 
 
 148. Heel and Toe Whirl or spin to the right. 
 
 149. Heel and Toe Whirl or spin to the left. 
 
 150. Whirl or Spin on Toes, right. 
 
 151. Whirl or Spin on Toes, left. 
 
 152. Corkscrew Whirl on heel and toe, right. 
 
 153. Corkscrew Whirl on heel and toe, left. 
 
 154. Corkscrew Whirl on toes, right. 
 
 155. Corkscrew Whirl on toes, left. 
 
 156. Single Toe Whirls. 
 
 157. Heel and Toe Split, forward. 
 
 158. Heel and Toe Split, backward. 
 
 159. Heel Split. 
 
 160. Lap Foot Circle, right, forward. 
 
 161. Lap Foot Circle, left forward. 
 
 162. Lap Foot Circle, right, backward. 
 
 163. Lap Foot Circle, left, backward. 
 
 164. Serpentine, heel and toe, forward. 
 
 165. Serpentine, heel and toe, backward. 
 
 166. Serpentine, with flying threes, forward. 
 
 167. Serpentine, with flying threes, backward. 
 
 168. Figure Eight, heel pivot, inner edge, forward. 
 
 169. Figure Eight, heel pivot, inner edge, backward. 
 
 170. Figure Eight, heel pivot with Grapevine. 
 
 171. Figure Eight, heel pivot with Philadelphia Twist. 
 
 172. Figure Eight, heel pivot with Figure Three Twist. 
 
 173. Cross Roll Promenade, forward. 
 
 174. Cross Roll Promenade, backward. 
 
 175. Philadelphia Twist with crouch toe pivot. 
 
 176. Philadelphia Twist on toes with Grapevine. 
 
 177. Flying Threes outer edge. 
 
 178. Flying Threes inner edge. 
 
 179. Ringlets, right. 
 
PROF. AND MRS. RAYMOND MAYER, OF NEW YORK, 
 Champion Trick Skaters, on their Spalding Skates. 
 
Sr.VLDING-S ATHLETIC LIBRAEY. 
 
 i8o. Ringlets, loft. 
 
 i8i. Ringlets, with tde invot. 
 
 182. Grapevine with heels spread. 
 
 183. Loops with Grapevine Twist. 
 
 184. Loops with Philadelphia Twist. 
 
 185. Side Glide Eights. 
 
 186. Scissors with heel split. 
 
 187 Cross Roll forward, on toes. 
 
 188. Cross Roll, backward, on toes. 
 
 189. Lap Foot Serpentine Eights, forward, 
 igo. Lap Foot Serpentine Eights, backward. 
 
 191. Ihc Box or Square ]\Iovement, right. 
 
 192. The Box or Square Movement, left. 
 
 193. The Box or Square INIovement with Three's. 
 
 194. One Foot Eight, toe pivot, continuous, right. 
 
 195. One Foot Eight, toe pivot, continuous, left. 
 
 196. Serpentine Eight, toe pivot, right and left continuous 
 
 197. Figure Eight toe Pirouette, right and left. 
 
 198. Eight one foot Pirouette in air, alight on same foot. 
 
 199. Waltz Circle, Grapevine Twist, right. 
 2CO. Waltz Circle, Grapevine Twist, left. 
 
 201. ]\Iercury, backward, with cut-off step. 
 
 202. Mercury, with Philadelphia Twist. 
 
 203. Serpentine, one foot with Pirouette. 
 
 204. Scissors Cross, backw^ard, right. 
 
 205. Scissors Cross, backward, left. 
 
 206. Hop Promenade Step, single. 
 
 207. Hop Promenade Step, double. 
 
 208. Spread Eagle Serpentine, flat foot. 
 
 209. Spread Eagle Serpentine, on heels. 
 
 210. Eight with douljle cross pivot, forward. 
 
 211. Eight with double cross pivot, backward. 
 
PROF. AND .MRS. JCAYMOND M.\ , I 
 
I 
 
 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 91 
 
 RINK RULES 
 
 The following rules were arranged for one of the largest rinks 
 in the country. It would be well for rink managers to have a 
 number of them printed on card-board and placed in conspicuous 
 places in the rink. 
 
 1. Skating begins at one stroke of the gong, and ceases at 
 two strokes of the gong. 
 
 2. No smoking allowed in or about the premises, except in 
 the smoking room. 
 
 3. Gentlemen will not soil the floor with tobacco ; others will 
 not be permitted to do so. 
 
 4. Crowding, loud talking or other rude or noisy demonstra- 
 tions, are forbidden. 
 
 5. No one should stand, even for a moments on the skating 
 surface, or so as to obstruct the entrance to the place, or the 
 view of others. 
 
 6. In putting on skates, see that the buckles are upon the 
 outside of the foot. 
 
 7. Never cross the skating surface in passing to or from a 
 seat; always follow the direction of the skaters. 
 
 8. Spitting or throwing any substance upon the skating sur- 
 face IS dangerous, and will not be permitted. 
 
 9. Going up or down stairs with skates on is dangerous and 
 strictly prohibited. 
 
 10. No stick, cane, string, or other similar article, should be 
 taken on the floor. 
 
 11. In skating around the circuit, all will observe a uniform 
 direction, taking great care never to interfere with the move- 
 ments of others. 
 
 12. No skater should stop, even for an instant, in the circuit, 
 except to assist a lady. 
 
PROF. AND MRS. RAYMOND MAYER. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 98 
 
 13. Pushing, tripping, racing, tagging or taking hold of otli- 
 ers' garments, or any rude or dangerous actions, arc strictly 
 forbidden. 
 
 14. Most falls occur from the feet being parallel with each 
 other, or nearly so, as in this position one foot cannot check the 
 movement of the other; hence. l)efore attempting to stand u]ion 
 the skates, the beginner should place the heels together, with 
 the feet at right angles, in which position they should always be. 
 while getting up, sitting down, or standing upon skates. 
 
 15. Skating by four or more than two together, should be 
 avoided, while skating in couples should be practiced as much 
 as possible, by all sufficiently advanced, as there is no other way 
 in which a lady and gentleman can make so graceful an appear- 
 ance. 
 
 16. On removing the skates please return them to the skate 
 room, with the heel strap of one skate buckled and tucked firmly 
 into the buckle of the other skate to prevent mismating. 
 
 17. A cheerful compliance with the above, and a careful re- 
 gard for the comfort and enjoyment of others, is respectfully 
 requested. 
 
 18. None but those known, or supposed by the management to 
 be acceptable to a majority of the patrons, will be admitted and 
 furnished with skates. 
 
94 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAKl*. 
 
 PROGRAMME FOR SKATING 
 CONTESTS 
 
 if 
 
 1. Plain Forward and Backward Movement. 
 
 2. "Lap Foot," as field step and cutting circle. 
 
 3. Outer Edge Roll, forward. 
 
 4. Outer Edge Roll, backward. 
 
 5. Inner Edge Roll, forward. 
 
 6. Inner Edge Roll, backward. 
 
 7. Cross Roll, forward. 
 
 8. Cross Roll, backward. 
 
 9. Change of Edge Roll, forward, beginning either on outer 
 
 or inner edge. 
 
 10. Change of Edge Roll, backward, beginning either on outer 
 
 or inner edge. 
 
 11. (a) "On to' Richmond:" i. c, cross one foot in front of the 
 
 other, and with back stroke outside edge go backward or 
 forward. 
 (&) Reverse "On to Richmond:" ;. c, going forward by 
 forward outer edge strokes given alternately behind each 
 foot. 
 
 12. "Locomotive:" forward, backward, sideways, single and 
 
 double. 
 
 13. Waltz Step. 
 
 14. Spread Eagle, inner and outer edges. 
 
 15. Figure Threes (a), beginning inner or outer edge. On field 
 
 and in eight. Including ''Flying Threes." (t) Double 
 Threes, beginning outer or inner edge. 
 
 16. Grape Vines, including "Philadelphia Twist," etc. 
 
 17. Toe and Heel Movements, embracing pivot circle, toe spins 
 
 ^^irouettes) , and movements on both toes, etc. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 95 
 
 i8. Single Flat Foot Spins, and Double Foot Whirls. 
 
 19. Serpentine (a), single foot forward and backward, right and 
 
 left. 
 (b) following feet, forward and backward, right and left. 
 In "Two Foot Eight." 
 
 20. Figure Eight on one foot, forward. 
 
 21. Figure Eight on one foot, backward. 
 
 22. Change of Edge, single and double. 
 
 23. One Foot Loops, inner and outer edges, simple and in com- 
 
 bination. 
 24.0ne Foot Ringlets, inner and outer edges, simple and in com- 
 bination. 
 
 25. Specialties, embracing original and peculiar movements. 
 
 26. General display of combined movements at the option of the 
 
 contestant. 
 
96 
 
 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 r 
 
 K-. 
 
 '-^ 
 
 About Rink Management 
 
 J 
 
 Presuming that the rink proprietor has purchased his equip- 
 ment of Spalding Rinic Roller Skates, which are warranted to 
 be the best and most satisfactory rink skates ever made, the 
 next most important matter is the floor for the rink. 
 
 Those who have had experience and really know what is 
 correct in the way of a rink floor advise that a good floor 
 be laid by experienced men and under no circumstances attempt 
 to save a few dollars at the expense of quality. Maple or birch, 
 3 to },y2 inches wide, tongue and groove, is what most of the 
 best rinks have used for their floors and in laying the floor it is 
 recommended to commence at the ends and corners, although 
 some rinks are built with the boards running lengthwise as much 
 as possible and starting from the middle to lay thtni. When it 
 comes to laying the boards at the corners they should be ar- 
 ranged so that the skating is never against the grain. The de- 
 sign shown below will give a rough idea of about how this ii 
 usually done. 
 
 The direction of the skating should be changed frequently, as 
 it is not advisable to have the people skating always in the 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 97 
 
 same direction. If the.v do it is not long before the adjusting 
 rubbers on the skates become worn on one side and the skates 
 will not run even. It is better to arrange matters so that at a 
 given signal, say one stroke of the gong, all skating should stop, 
 and then at two strokes of the gong, skating recommences in 
 the opposite direction. In this manner, reversing the direction 
 of the skating at least every half hour, the skates are kept trued 
 up, so that they will always run even and consequently give 
 better satisfaction. 
 
 No fast skating should be allowed during regular sessions. It 
 has been found that the best hours for regular sessions are from 
 10:30 to 12 noon, from 2:30 to 5:30 P. M.. and from 7:30 to 
 10:30 P. M. The charge for admission covers a wide range. 
 In some places as low as 10 or 15 cents and so on from 25 or 
 50 cents to a subscription arrangement, where a skating club 
 will hire a rink for a certain number of nights during a season 
 and charge each member a certain amount as a subscription. In 
 some cases an extra charge is made for the use of the skates, in 
 others it is included in the admission, but in whatever way it 
 may be arranged it is well for the rink proprietor to always 
 cater to the best people in his locality and to discourage and. in 
 fact, prevent the attendance of any who are rough or disorderly. 
 .\ special feature, which has proven popular with many roller 
 skating rinks, is to have a Saturday forenoon and afternoon 
 session for ladies and children. 
 
 The means provided by rink proprietors for adding to the in- 
 terest are many and varied. In one town the rink proprietor 
 arranged with a couple of professional skaters to give an ex- 
 hibition of dancing on roller skates and they instructed a num- 
 ber of patrons of the rink so that they could dance the two-step 
 on skates. In another town the rink manager arranged for a 
 drawing each week, the prizes being a pair each of ladies' and 
 gentlemen's Spalding Rink Roller Skates. The tickets, of course, 
 were numbered and the holder of the lucky ticket was presented 
 at the end of the week with a pair of skates. In other places 
 masquerades have been arranged, even to the extent of getting 
 
98 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 up on quite an ambitious scale a regular ]Mar(li Gras. Relay 
 races have been arranged and pursuit races also, in the latter, 
 two contestants, one starting irom either side of the rink, the 
 winner of course being the one who caught up with the other 
 skater. 
 
 In all rinks there should be a large gong bell and it is also 
 well to arrange for a regular repair room which should be 
 equipped with necessarj- tools for repairing skates, such as 
 pincers, pliers, hammers, screwdrivers, etc. The petty repairs, 
 such as putting on nuts that come loose and oiling skates, can 
 be done at the counter where the skates are given out. In case 
 of a skate being bent it is a very simple matter to put the end 
 in a vise and pull it into place. The more serious repairs, such 
 as putting on carriers and axles, replacing ball bearings, etc., 
 should be done in the repair room. As a rule skates should be 
 olied once or twice in a session, sometimes it is not necessary, 
 but they certainly should be oiled either just before or after each 
 session if the\' are to give the best service. 
 
 As to music there is of course no settled rule, in some rinks 
 they have a full brass band, in others they are content with a 
 few pieces, and in one of the most successful rinks they have a 
 mechanical musical instrument set up in the middle of the floor 
 and run by an electric motor. 
 
 It is not intended that the particulars we have specified above 
 relating to the management and equipment of a roller skating 
 rink shall be taken or understood as being absolutely rigid in 
 application to rinks in various parts of the country, but we have 
 endeavored to cover in this article a few points that are gen- 
 erally left out of most advertising matter relating to the equip- 
 ment of a rink, and we believe that some of the points in this 
 article will be found of use to those who are thinking about 
 starting a rink and are in doubt as to just how to go about it. 
 
Sr.VLDINGS ATIIhETIC LIBRARY. 99 
 
 About Rink Roller Skatins 
 
 ' ^ - J) 
 
 We want to say a few words to you about rink skates and 
 when we refer to rink skates we do not mean some makeshift 
 style adapted from an ordinary sidewalk skate, but instead a 
 skate as much dififerent in every essential particular from the 
 sidewalk skate as the improved "safety" bicycle was from the 
 old "high" wheel. The sidewalk skate is suitable for children 
 and it has its place, but in a rink patronized for the most part 
 by grown people, the skate that is to give really satisfactory 
 service must be built specially to conform to rink conditions. 
 
 The Spalding Rink Roller Skate is designed to meet the de- 
 mand for a satisfactory skate for rink use. First of all, it is 
 built so that it will run smoothly without rattle or shake and 
 the hangers are arranged to give the skater the necessary amount 
 of freedom he requires to take corners easily. Then the skate 
 has a solid footplate, well braced to make it able to withstand 
 all kinds of use and abuse. It does not matter whether the 
 skater weighs one hundred or ihree hundred pounds, the skate 
 is equally suitable and satisfactory, because the steel construc- 
 tion does not weigh any more than the clumsy adjtistable ar- 
 rangements on many sidewalk skates and the improved methods 
 of construction make possible greater speed and more pleasure 
 for the skater be he large or small. 
 
 Now in regard to the perforated ball bearing steel rolls, with 
 which practically all Spalding Rink Roller Skates are equipped. 
 These rolls, it is needless to say, are the most durable of any 
 and they give the best satisfaction to the skater also. The per- 
 forated steel rolls are constructed on the same principle as a 
 wagon or carriage wheel, with a perforated flange resting on 
 the axle at the center of the wheel and meeting the rim in the 
 center, thus making certain that the roll will run true- and easy 
 and not wobbly like a barrel as would be the case if the per- 
 
100 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 forated flange was divided into two and not centered, as it is. 
 Furthermore, the wheels fit snugly against the dust caps. The 
 cases are made of tool steel, the ball cups are like those on a 
 bicycle wheel, all grooved and inserted in the wheel positively 
 true and there is a brace running through the wheel which pre- 
 vents the cup from becoming loose and saves the annoyance of 
 rattling after the skate has been used for any length of time. 
 We describe in this detailed waj^ the construction and equip- 
 ment of the rolls with which we are fitting Spalding Rink Roller 
 Skates because it is upon the rolls that the skater really depends 
 for the enjo3-ment he gets out of the sport, and the saying in 
 regard to the worthlessness of a horse without good hoofs is 
 just as true in reference to skates equipped with rollers that 
 are not satisfactory. 
 
 There are a few more points about the Spalding Rink Roller 
 Skates that are worthy of note and, as they increase the effi- 
 ciency of the skate they should be interesting to the prospective 
 purchaser. In order to make certain that there are no defects 
 in the material from which the footplates of the skates are made, 
 they are constructed from cold drawn steel, thereby avoiding the 
 possibility of a bad accident on account of a footplate breaking 
 and furthermore the truss arrangement under the footplate 
 strengthens it even more and makes certain that it will not be- 
 come loose, even after much use. Then the heads of the clamp 
 screws are case hardened so that the edges will not turn, and 
 making it unnecessary to replace them, even after considerable 
 use, and the heel strap is reinforced with material to add to its 
 durability. All these points in regard to the construction of the 
 Spalding Rink Roller Skates you will notice after examination, 
 and you will also note that the adjustment of the hanger is such 
 that it is possible to secure the full benefit of the rubber by 
 tightening the nut as the rubber becomes smaller after much 
 use — this also prevents rattling and it is something that is not 
 possible where there is no bolt and nut adjustment, as there is 
 on the Spalding Rink Roller Skate. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 101 
 
 In the old days of rink roller skating there was hardly a 
 town of any size in the United States that did not maintain a 
 rink. Thousands made fortunes in the business and many who 
 waited too long before starting and were left with rinks on 
 their hands did not realize the profits they had anticipated. How- 
 ever, it is a fact that many towns owe their possession of a 
 well-built opera house or other amusement place to-day to the 
 rink roller skating "craze" of over twenty years ago. If we are 
 to judge the signs of the times we are in for another "craze," if 
 we may so term it, just as extensive, if not more so, than the 
 old one, and to-day, with improved mechanical skill, the sport 
 promises even more pleasure for the present generation than it 
 was responsible for in the old days. Roller skating conducted 
 properly is a good sport, a healthy exercise, and anyone who 
 has watched the skaters in a rink realizes why roller skating is 
 recommended for many as a certain method of building up weak 
 physiques, while it is claimed that the motion acts as a tonic on 
 the system generally. To those who skate no word of commen- 
 dation or approval is required, for to them is given the realiza- 
 tion of all that a graceful figure and correct carriage really 
 means. Thousands of people, young and old, have taken up 
 roller skating within the past couple of j-ears and many thou- 
 sands more will take it up within the next few years, without 
 doubt. To all of these thousands the enjoyment that will come 
 to them on account of the activity which roller skating imposes 
 will add without doubt to their lease of life and, taken up in 
 the proper spirit, it should be the means of making them better 
 and more likeable men and women. 
 
HIGHEST AWARDS 
 
 FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 
 
 GRAND PRJZE 
 
 ST. LOUIS 
 1904 
 
 GRAND PRIX 
 
 PARIS 
 1900 
 
 =C) G= 
 
 (T 
 
 Spalding Rink Roller Skates 
 
 These are the only skates we recommend for general rink use 
 
 Not a Sidewalk Skate, but a ^_- 
 Rink Skate built for rink pur- < 
 poses, to stand rink conditions; 
 in fact, simply the best R.ink 
 Skate ever made. 
 
 All steel, except the leather straps and 
 
 rubber cushions. Tempered steel ball 
 
 bearings, steel perforated rollers. 
 
 =^ 
 
 Sizes 
 
 No. 
 
 8, 8<, 9, 9;^, lO, \0V^, II, 11^, 12 
 Inch Foot Plate 
 
 P L . For Women and Girls. Bright finish. Per pair, $ 4 . 5 O 
 
 The above Rink Skates furnished with 
 
 ball bearing fibre rollers instead at 
 
 same price. 
 
 Extra Rollers for Skates 
 
 No. S> All steel ball bearing perforated skate 
 roller, same as used to equip Nos. P and PL rink 
 skates Each, 30C. 
 
 Correspondence Solicited with 
 Rink Managers and Promoters 
 
 A. C. SPALDING &, BROS. 
 
 (U. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco I 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans | 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati] 
 
 Montreal, Canada London, England 
 
 :i/ 
 
HIGHEST AWARDS 
 
 FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 
 
 GRAND PRIZE 
 
 ST. LOUIS 
 
 1904 
 
 GRAND PRIX 
 
 PARIS 
 1900 , 
 
 /^ 
 
 Spalding Rink Roller Skates 
 
 These are the only skates we recommend for general rink use 
 
 Not a Sidewalk Skate, but a 
 Rink Skate built for rink pur- 
 poses, to stand rink conditions; 
 in fact, simply the best Rink 
 Skate ever made. 
 
 ^=^ 
 
 All steel, except the leather straps and 
 
 rubber cushions. Tempered steel ball 
 
 bearings, steel perforated rollers. 
 
 izes: 8, 8' , 9, 9; , JO, lO": 
 Inch Foot Plate 
 
 P . For Men and Boys. Bright finish. . . Per pair, $4. 50 
 
 The above Rink Skates furnished with 
 
 ball bearing fibre rollers instead at 
 
 same price. 
 
 Extra Rollers for Skates 
 
 No. S. All steel ball bearing perforated skate 
 rollei-, same as used to equip Nos. P and PL rink 
 skates Each. 30c. 
 
 Correspondence Solicited with 
 Rink Managers and Promoters 
 
 J 
 
 A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 (^ 
 
 91 
 
 Z=fJ 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Franciscol 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans | 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati | 
 
 Montreal, Canada London, England 
 
 z'J 
 
HIGHEST AWARDS 
 
 rOK SPALDINC ATHLETIC GOODS 
 
 GRAND PRJZE /|c^v GRAND PRIX 
 ST. LOUIS (\M9!!Ui)i P A R r s 
 
 =i:> G= 
 
 r- 
 
 ==^ 
 
 Peck ®f Snyder 
 
 Club Roller 
 
 Skates 
 
 Cold Rolled 
 Steel, Nickel- 
 Plated, Tem- 
 pered Steel 
 Ball Bearings 
 
 No, IBB. Men's All 
 Clamp, adjustable from 
 10 to 11/4 inches. 
 
 Per Pair, $3.50 
 No. 3BB. Ladies' and Misses' All Clamp, adjustable from 7/4 to 9'j 
 
 inches. Per pair, $3.50 
 
 No. 2B B. Men's Half Clamp, adjustable from 10 to IVA inches. 
 
 Per pair, $3.50 
 
 No. 4BB. Ladies' and Misses' Half Clamp, adjustable from 7 '4 to 9 '4 
 
 inches. Per pair, $3. 50 
 
 Cold Rolled Steel, Bright Finish, Plain Bearing. 
 
 No. I . Men's All Clamp, adjustable from 10 to 11 /2 inches. 
 
 Per pair, $1.25 
 No. 3. Ladies' and Misses' All Clamp, adjustable from 7/4 to 9^i 
 
 inches. Per pair, $1.25 
 
 No. 2. Men's Half Clamp, adjustable from 10 to 11/4 inches. 
 
 Per pair. $1.25 
 
 No. 4'. Ladies' and Misses' Half Clamp, adjustable from 754 to 914 
 
 inches Per pair, $1,25 
 
 Extra Rollers for Skates 
 
 ^ 
 
 No. H . Hemacite Skate Rollers. Plain. 
 No. C. Cast Steel Skate Rollers. Plain. 
 
 Each, 5c. 
 
 5c. 
 
 J 
 
 ^ 
 
 A. C. SPALDING &. BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco) 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 1 1 
 Montreal, Canada London. England II 
 
HIGHEST AWARDS 
 
 rOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 
 
 GRAND PRIZE 
 
 ST. LOUIS 
 1904 
 
 GRAND PRIX 
 
 PARIS 
 1900 
 
 (T- 
 
 Peck & Snyder Racing Roller Skates 
 
 ^=^. 
 
 ^ 
 
 This style of skate 
 is steadily increas- 
 ing in popularity. 
 Cold rolled steel, 
 heavily nickel- 
 plated. Wheels have 
 tempered steel ball 
 bearings and good 
 quality solid rubber 
 tires. 
 
 No. IR. Men's All 
 Clamp, adjustable 
 from 10 to 11'^ in. 
 Per Pair, $4.00 
 No. 3R. Ladies' and Misses' All Clamp, adjustable from 7/2 to 95'2 in. 
 
 Per pair, $4.00 
 No. 4R. Ladies' and Misses' Half Clamp, adjustable from IV2 to 9^ in. 
 
 Per pair, $4.00 
 
 Peck 
 
 & Snyder 
 
 Climax 
 
 Skate 
 
 Adjustable from 
 
 7/2 to 10 inches. 
 No. (6. Ebonized 
 Wheels. 
 
 Per pair, 75c. 
 
 Extra Rollers for Skates 
 
 No. S. All steel ball bearing- perforated skate roller, same as used to 
 
 equip Nos. P and PL rink skates Each, 30C. 
 
 No. H. Hemacite Skate Rollers. Plain. . . . " .5c. 
 
 No. C. Cast Steel Skate Rollers. Plain. ... " 5c. 
 
 J) 
 
 ^ 
 
 A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 (U, 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco | 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
 Montreal, Canada London, England 
 
HIGHEST AWARDS 
 
 FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 
 
 (r 
 
 Polo Coal cages 
 
 =^ 
 
 
 Regulation size and style, complete with net, Furnished 
 with sloping board in front so that ball can roll up into 
 the cage. ...... Per pair, $40.00 
 
 U 
 
 The Spalding'' oiilclai Polo Ball 
 
 The Official Ball is made of the veiy best 
 material, according to the latest Polo 
 regulations. None genuine without our 
 trade-mark on each ball and box. Each 
 ball wrapped in tinfoil, put in a separate 
 box and sealed in accordance with 
 League regulations. 
 
 "Official" Polo Ball, . . . Each. TSc. 
 
 "Practice" Polo Ball. , . . " 25c. 
 
 Rubber Polo Ball "10c. 
 
 J 
 
 ^ 
 
 A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco I 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans | 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati! 
 
 Montreal, Canada London, England I 
 
HIGHEST AWARDS 
 
 FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 
 
 GRAND PRIZE 
 
 ST. LOUIS 
 1904 
 
 =^ cp 
 
 f- 
 
 POLO LEG AND SHIN GIARDS 
 
 LEG GUARDS 
 
 No. 4. Players' Style. Leather Leg 
 Guards. . . Per pair, $3, OO 
 No. 5. Players' Style. Canvas Leg 
 Guards. . . Per pair, $2.5 O 
 No. 4C. Goal Tenders' Leather 
 LepT Guards. Extra long and specially 
 padded. . . Per pair. $4. OO 
 No. 5G. Goal Tenders' Canvas Leg 
 Guards. Extra long and specially pad- 
 ded. . . . Per pair, $2.75 
 
 SHIN GUARDS 
 
 No. F. Canvas Shin Guards, 10 
 inches long ; equipped with ankle pro- 
 tectors. . . Per pair, $ I .OO 
 No. 40. Leather Shin Guards, 10 
 inches long ; equipped with ankle pro- 
 tectors. . . Per pair, $ I .75 
 
 ==^ 
 
 Nos. F and 40 
 
 \:: 
 
 PANTS FOR ROLLER POLO 
 
 No. 5B. Made of heavy Brown or White canvas, 
 padded lightly on hips and very loose fitting. $ I .OO 
 
 FLY FRONT, LACE BACK 
 
 No. (. White or Black Sateen. Per pair, $ I .25 
 
 1 No. 2. White or Black Sateen. " I .OO 
 
 ^ No. 3. White or Black Silesia. " .75 
 
 1 No. 4. White or Black Silesia. " .50 
 
 Stripes down sides of any of the above pants 25c. 
 
 per pair extra. 
 
 LOWER ABDOMEN PROTECTOR 
 
 No. S. Made of heavy sole leather, well padded, 
 with quilted lining and non-elastic bands, with 
 buckles at side and elastic at back. The most 
 satisfactory and safest protector for Boxing, 
 Hockey, Foot Ball. Polo, Etc. No other supporter 
 necessary with this style. . Each. $3.00 
 
 J) 
 
 ^ 
 
 A. G. SPALDING &, BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco) 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati I 
 Montreal, Canada London, England I 
 
HIGHEST AWARDS 
 
 rOR. SPALDING ATHLCTIC GOODS 
 
 tr- 
 
 ... Spalding Polo Sticks. 
 
 ^=^ 
 
 The Spalding "Rink Polo' 
 Stick is made of the best 
 and most carefully selected 
 material from patterns 
 furnished by the "Cham- 
 pions of America." Each 
 stick is carefully in- 
 spected and guaran- 
 teed uniform in weight 
 and balance. 
 No. 0. The Spalding 
 Rink Polo Stick. 
 Each, $i.oo 
 No. AA. The Spald- 
 ing Polo Stick 
 made of finest 
 second growth 
 hickory, \\ound 
 handle with 
 grip. 
 Each, 75c. 
 
 No. A. '"League" Polo Stick, selected second growth 
 hickory, handsomely finished Each 50c. 
 
 No. B. "Standard" Polo Stick, selected second growth 
 ash, nicely finished Each, 25c. 
 
 No. C. "Junior" Polo Stick Each, loc. 
 
 No. D. Boys' Polo Stick Each, 5c. 
 
 V 
 
 ^ 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 (U 
 
 J 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
 Montreal, Canada London, England Hamburg, Germany 
 
HIGHEST AWARDS 
 
 rOR SPALDINC ATHLETIC GOODS 
 
 GRAND PRIZE 
 
 ST. LOUIS 
 1904 
 
 GRAND PRIX 
 
 PARIS 
 1900 
 
 SPALDING INDOOR BASE BALLS 
 
 We cover both the best grade indoor base balls, Nos. 1 and IX, with 
 
 special oil tanned horsehide that players consider far superior to the 
 
 ordinary horsehide both as to wearing qualities and otherwise. 
 
 No. 1 . Spalding Official Indoor Base Ball, 17 inches circumference. 
 Made in exact accordance with League regulations and adopted by the 
 National Association of Indoor Base Ball Leagues. Guaranteed to 
 last a game. ...... Each, $1 .00 
 
 No. 1 X . Spalding National Guard Indoor Base Ball is made regularly in 
 three sizes, 12, 14 and 15 inches circumference. It is wound fairly hard 
 with wool yarn and makes an ideal ball for armory games. When order- 
 ing be sure to specify size required. . . . Each, $1 .00 
 
 No. 2. Sheepskin cover, otherwise same as No. 1. . " .75 
 
 No. 3. Sheepskin cover, otherwise same as No. IX. " .75 
 
 ^ 
 
 Specify size tvhen ordering. 
 
 J 
 
 ^ 
 
 A. G. SPALDINC & BROS. 
 
 (L=. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Den\er San Francisco 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cmcmnati 
 Montreal, Canada London, England J 
 
r 
 
 HIGHEST AWAR.DS 
 
 FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 
 
 GRAND PRIZE 
 
 ST. LOUIS 
 1904 
 
 miimmiiiiimu 
 
 GRAND PRIX 
 
 PARIS 
 1900 
 
 ^"^ 
 
 
 ^nmwwi^i m^^-^-^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 SPALDING 
 
 G 
 
 INDOOR BASE BALL BATS 
 
 No. 0. Spalding Regulation Indoor Bats. Made of selected second 
 growth hickory in the best models. Handle wrapped with electric 
 tape to prevent slipping. ..... Each, 50c. 
 
 No. 2. Spalding Regulation Bat. Same as No. 0, except handle 
 and end not wrapped. ..... Each, 40c. 
 
 INDOOR BASES 
 
 No. \. Indoor Canvas Bases, lO-oz. 
 
 duck, unfilled. Per set of 3. $2.50 
 
 No. 2. Indoor Canvas Bases, 8-oz. 
 
 '^ duck, unfilled. Per set of 3. $2.00 
 
 No. 3. Indoor Rubber Home Plate. . . . Each, 75c. 
 
 -J 
 
 K 
 
 SPALDING CATCHERS' PROTECTOR 
 
 No. 1 A. Well padded. Straps to go over shoulders and around 
 waist Each, $2.00 
 
 SPALDING KNEE PROTECTORS 
 
 No. I. Heavily padded with sheepskin. Prevents bruised and dis- 
 located knee caps. Per pair, 75c. 
 
 J> 
 
 -^ 
 
 =DC= 
 
 A. C. SPALDING &, BROS. 
 
 (U 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
 Montreal, Canada London, England Hamburg. Germany 
 
DIRAND-STEEL 
 LOCKERS 
 
 Lockers That* Last* 
 
 TV/OODEN lockers are objectionable 
 because they attract vermin, re- 
 tain odors and can be easily broken into, 
 and are dangerous on account of fire. 
 Lockers made from wire mesh or ex- 
 panded metal afford little security, as 
 they can be easily entered with wire 
 cutters. Clothes placed in them become 
 covered with dust ; and the lockers 
 themselves present a poor appearance, 
 resembling animal cages. 
 
 Durand -Steel 
 Lockers 
 
 are made of 
 high-grade steel 
 plates, and are 
 finished with 
 gloss-black fur- 
 
 "^ 
 
 nace baked (400°) Japan, comparable to that 
 used on hospital ware, which will never flake 
 off nor require refinishing, as do paints and 
 enamels. 
 
 Durand-St^eel Lockers 
 
 are usually built with doors perforated full 
 length in panel design, with sides and backs 
 solid. This prevents clothes in one locker from 
 coming in contact with wet garments in adjoin- 
 ing lockers, while plenty of ventilation is secured 
 by having the door perforated its entire length, 
 but if the purchaser prefers we perforate the 
 backs also. 
 
 Illustrated Catalogue 
 sent on request. 
 
 CHURCHiLl & SPALDING 
 
 470 Carroll Avenue 
 
 CHICAGO. ILL. 
 
 V 
 
 J 
 
Albert G. and J. Walter Spalding commenced business March 
 1st, 1876, at Chicago, under the firm name A. G. Spalding & Bro. , 
 with a capital of $800. Two years later their brother-in-law, 
 William T. Brown, came into the business, and the firm name 
 was then changed to A. G. Spalding & Bros. 
 
 The business was founded on the Athletic reputation of Mr. 
 A. G. Spalding, who acquired a national prominence in the realm 
 of Sport, as Captain and Pitcher of the Forest City's of Rockford, 
 111. (1865-70), the original Boston Base Ball Club (Champions of 
 the United States, 1871-75), and the Chicago Ball Club (1876-77), 
 first Champions of the National League. He was also one of the 
 original organizers, and for many years a director, of the National 
 League of America, the premier Base Ball organization of the 
 world. Mr. Spalding has taken an important part in Base Ball 
 affairs ever since it became the National Game of the United States 
 at the close of the Civil War in 1865. The returning veterans of 
 that War, who had played the game as a camp diversion, dis- 
 seminated this new American field sport throughout the country, 
 and thus gave it its national character. 
 
 Base Ball Goods were the only articles of merchandise carried 
 the first year, the total sales amounting to $11,000. Gradually 
 implements and accessories of Athletic Sports were added, until 
 the firm now manufacture the requisites for all kinds of Athletic 
 Sports. Originally the firm contracted for their supplies from 
 outside manufacturers, but finding it impossible, by this method, 
 to keep the standard of quality up to their high ideals, they 
 gradually commenced the manufacture of their own goods, and 
 by the acquisition from time to time of various established 
 factories located in different parts of the country, are now able 
 to, and do manufacture in their own factories everything bearing 
 the Spalding Trade-Mark, which stands the world over as a 
 guarantee of the highest quality. 
 
There are over three thousand persons employed in various 
 capacities in A. G, Spalding & Bros.' factories and stores located 
 in all the leading cities of the United States, Canada and England. 
 A capital of over $4,000,000 is employed in carrying on this busi- 
 ness, and the annual sales exceed the total combined annual sales 
 of all other manufacturers in the world making a similar line 
 of goods. 
 
 A. G. Spalding & Bros, have always taken a leading part in 
 the introduction, encouragement and support of all new Sports 
 and Games, and the prominence attained by Athletic Sports in 
 the United States is in a very great measure due to the energy, 
 enterprise and liberality of this progressive concern. They were 
 the pioneers, and in fact the founders, of the Athletic Goods 
 Trade in America, and are now universally recognized as the 
 undisputed Leaders in the Athletic Goods line throughout the 
 world. 
 
 The late Marshall Field of Chicago, America's greatest Mer- 
 chant, speaking of the business of A. G. Spalding & Bros., said: 
 "I am familiar with its early career, growth and development, 
 and when I compare its unpromising outlook and the special 
 field for its operations that existed at its inception in 1876, with 
 its present magnitude, I consider it one of the most remarkable 
 mercantile successes of the world." 
 
 The millions of Athletes using them, and the thousands of 
 Dealers selling them, attest to the High Quality of Spalding's 
 Athletic Goods, and they must determine the future history of 
 this concern. 
 
Spalding's Athletic Library 
 
 Giving the titles of all Spalding's Athletic 
 
 Library Books i\ow in print, grouped 
 
 for ready reference. 
 
 SPALDING'S OFFICIAL ANNUALS 
 
 No. I 
 No. 2 
 No. 2a 
 No. 3 
 No. 4 
 No. 5 
 No. 6 
 No. 7 
 No. 8 
 No. 9 
 No.fO 
 No. 12 
 
 Spalding 
 Spalding 
 Spalding' 
 Spalding 
 Spalding 
 Spalding 
 Spalding 
 Spalding 
 Spalding 
 Spalding 
 Spalding 
 Spalding 
 
 s Official Base Ball Guide 
 's Official Foot Ball Guide 
 s Official Association Foot Ball Guide 
 's Official Cricket Guide 
 's Official Lawn Tennis Annual 
 's Official Golf Guide 
 's Official Ice Hockey Guide 
 's Official Basket Ball Guide 
 's Official Bowling Guide 
 's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide 
 's Official Roller Polo Guide 
 's Official Athletic Almanac 
 
 Group I. Base Ball 
 
 No. 1 Spalding's Official Base Ball 
 
 Guide* 
 No. 202 How to Play Base BalL 
 No. 223 How to Bat. 
 No. 232 How to Run Bases. 
 No. 230 How to Pitch. 
 No. 229 How to Catch. 
 No. 225 How to Play First Base. 
 No. 226 How to Play Second Base. 
 No. 227 How to Play Third Base. 
 No. 228 How to Play Shortstop. 
 No. 224 How to Play the Outfield. 
 
 How to Organize a Base Ball 
 Club. [League. 
 
 How to Organize a Base Ball 
 No . How to Manage a Base Ball Club. 
 231 ^ How to Train a Base Ball Team. 
 
 How to Captain a Base Ball 
 
 How to Umpire a Game. [Team. 
 
 Technical Base Ball Terms, 
 No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball 
 Percentages. 
 
 BASE BALL AUXILIARY 
 No. 291 Minor League Base Ball Guide, t 
 
 Foot Ball 
 
 Foot Ball 
 
 Group II. 
 
 No. 2 Spalding's Official 
 
 Guide. 
 
 No. 284 How to Play Foot Ball. 
 No. 2A Spalding's Official (Soccer) 
 Association Foot Ball Guide. 
 No. 286 How to Play Soccer. 
 
 FOOT BALL AUXILIARY 
 
 No. 283 Spalding's Official Canadian 
 
 Foot Ball Guide. 
 
 Group III. crichet 
 
 No. 3 Spalding's Official Cricket 
 
 Guide. t 
 No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. 
 
 Group IV. Lawn Tennis 
 
 No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis 
 
 Annual.t 
 No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. 
 No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn 
 Tennis. 
 
 Group V. Golf 
 
 No. 5 Spalding' s Official Golf Guide. i 
 No. 276 How to Play Golf. 
 
 Group VI. Hockey 
 
 No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey 
 
 Guidcf 
 No. 154 Field Hockey. 
 No. 188 Lawn Hockey. 
 No. 180 Ring Hockey. 
 
 HOCKEY AUXILIARY 
 
 No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario 
 
 Hockey Association. 
 
 * Ready April 1. t Ready in January. I Ready May 1. 5 Ready in March. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 
 
 Group VII. 
 
 Bashet Ball 
 
 No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket, 
 
 Ball Guide. 
 No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. 
 No. 260 Basket Ball Guide for Women. 
 
 BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 
 No. 278 Official Collegiate Basket Ball 
 Handbook. 
 
 croup VIII. Bowling 
 
 No. 8 Spalding's Official Boivling 
 Guide. 
 
 Croup IX. Indoor Base Ball 
 
 Ho. d Spalding's Official Indoor 
 Base Ball Guide. 
 
 Croup X. Polo 
 
 No. 10 Spalding's Official Roller 
 
 Polo Guide. 
 No. 129 Water Polo. 
 No. 199 Equestrian Polo. 
 
 XI. Miscellaneous Cames 
 
 Lacrosse. 
 
 Archery. 
 
 Squash-Racquets. 
 
 Croquet. 
 
 Roque. 
 
 Racquets. 
 
 Hand Ball. 
 
 Quoits. 
 
 Push Ball. 
 
 Curling-. 
 
 Court Tennis. 
 
 Lawn Bowls. 
 
 Lawn Games. 
 
 Children's Games. 
 
 Croup 
 
 No. 201 
 No. 248 
 No. 194 
 No. 138 
 No. 271 
 No. 194 
 No. 13 
 No. 167 
 No. 170 
 No. 14 
 No. 194 
 No. 207 
 No. 188 
 No. 189 
 
 croup XII. Athletics 
 
 No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic 
 Almanac.f 
 
 No. 27 College Athletics. 
 
 No. 182 All Around Athletics. 
 
 No. 156 Athletes' Guide. 
 
 No. 87 Athletic Primer. 
 
 No. 273 Olympic Games at Athens, 1906. 
 
 No. 252 How to Sprint. 
 
 No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards. 
 
 No. 174 Distance and Cross Country 
 Running. 
 
 No. 259 How to Become a Weight 
 Thrower. 
 
 No. 55 Official Sporting Rules. 
 
 No. 246 Athletic Training for School- 
 boys. 
 ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES 
 
 No. 241 Amateur Athletic Union Offi- 
 cial Handbook. 
 
 ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES- Con. 
 
 No. 217 Olympic Handbook (St. Louis). 
 
 No. 292 Intercollegiate Official Hand- 
 book. 
 
 No. 245 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. 
 
 No. 2^1 Public Schools Athletic League 
 Official Handbook. 
 
 No. 274 Intercollegiate Cross Country 
 Association Handbook. 
 
 croup XIII. 
 
 Athletic Accomplishments 
 
 No. 177 How to Swim. 
 
 No. 128 How to Row. 
 
 No. 209 How to Become a Skater. 
 
 No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling. 
 
 No. 23 Canoeing. 
 
 No. 282 Roller Skating Guide. 
 
 Croup 
 
 No. 18 
 No. 162 
 No. 165 
 No. 140 
 No. 236 
 No. 102 
 No. 233 
 No. 166 
 No. 200 
 No. 143 
 No. 262 
 No. 29 
 No. 191 
 
 XIV. Manly sports 
 
 Fencing. (By Breck). 
 
 Boxing. 
 
 Fencing. (BySenac). 
 
 Wrestling. 
 
 How to Wrestle. 
 
 Ground Tumbling. 
 
 Jiu Jitsu. 
 
 How to Swing Indian Clubs. 
 
 Dumb Bell Exercises. 
 
 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells. 
 
 Medicine Ball Exercises. 
 
 Pulley Weight E.xercises. 
 
 How to Punch the Bag. 
 
 croup XV. 
 
 Cymnastics 
 
 No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer- 
 cises. 
 
 No. 214 Graded Calisthenics and Dumb 
 Bell Drills. 
 
 No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. 
 
 No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic 
 Games. 
 
 No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast. 
 
 Croup XVI. Physical Culture 
 
 No. 161 Ten Minutes' Exercise for 
 
 Busy Men. 
 No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- 
 giene. 
 No. 149 Scientific Physical Training 
 
 and Care of the Body. 
 No. 142 Physical Training Simplified. 
 No. 185 Hints on Health. 
 No. 213 285 Health Answers. 
 No. 238 Muscle Building. [ning- 
 
 No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- 
 No. 261 Tensing Exercises. 
 
 t Ready in January. 
 
GROUP I.-BASE BALL 
 
 NO. 1— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE 
 BALL GUIDE. 
 
 The Ifiuling Base Ball annual of 
 the country, and the official authority 
 of the .game. Edited by Henry Chad- 
 Wick, the "Father of Base Ball." Con- 
 tains the official playing rules, with an 
 explanatory index of the rules compiled 
 by Mr. A. G. Spalding; pictures of all 
 the teams in the National, American 
 and minor leagues: official averages; re- 
 views of the season in all the profes- 
 sional organizations; college Base Ball, 
 and a great deal of interesting informa- 
 tion. Price 10 cents. Ready April 1. 
 
 NO. 202— HOW TO PLAY BASE BALL. 
 
 I Edited by T. H. Murnane. New and 
 revised edition. Contents: How to lie- 
 come a batter, by Napoleon Lajoie, 
 James Collins, Hugh Jennings and Jesse 
 Tannehill; how to run the bases, by 
 Jacli Doyle and Frank L. Chance; advice 
 to base runners, by James E. Sullivan, 
 President. A.A.D.; how to become a 
 good pitcher, by Cy Young, "Rube" Wad- 
 dell and Bert Cunningham; on curve 
 pitching, by Cy Young. James J. Calla- 
 _ ban, Frank Donahue, Vic Willis, William 
 i-" Dineen and Charley Nichols; how to be- 
 come a good catcher, by Eddie Phelps. 
 William Sullivan and M. J. Kittridge; 
 how to play first base, by Hugh Jen- 
 nings; how to play second base; by 
 Napoleon Lajoie and William Gleason; 
 how to play third base, by James Col- 
 lins and Lave Cross; how to play short- 
 stop, by Heriian Long; how to play the 
 Infleld, by Charles A. Comiskey; how to 
 play the outfield, by Fred Clarke; the 
 earmarks of a ball player, by John J. 
 McGraw; good advice for players; how 
 to organize a team; how to manage a 
 team; how to score a game; how to 
 umpire a game; base ball rules Inter- 
 preted for boys. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 283— HOW TO BAT. 
 
 The most important part of ball play- 
 ing nowadays, outside of pitching, is 
 batting. The team that can bat and 
 has some good pitchers can win base ball 
 games; therefore, every boy and young 
 man who has, of course, already learned 
 to catch, should turn his attention to 
 this department of the game, and there 
 Is no better way of becoming proficient 
 than by reading this book and then con- 
 stantly practising the little tricks ex- 
 plained therein. Price 10 cents. 
 
 MO. «82— HOW TO KTTN THE BASES. 
 
 The importance of base running ai a 
 
 •elentlflc feature of tbe national game !• 
 
 becoming more and more recognized each 
 year. Besides being spectacular, feats of 
 base stealing nearly always figure in the 
 winning of a game. Many a close contest 
 Is decided on the winning of that little 
 strip of 90 feet which lies between 
 cushions. When hits are few and the 
 enemy's pitchers steady. It becomes In- 
 cumbent on tile opposing team to get 
 around the bases in some manner. Ef- 
 fective stealing not only Increases the ef- 
 fectiveness of the team by advancing lt« 
 runners without wasting hits, but It 
 serves to materially disconcert the 
 enemy and frequently has caused an 
 entire opposing club to temporarily lose 
 its poise and throw away the game. 
 This book gives clear and concise direc- 
 tions for excelling as a base runner; 
 tells when to run and when not to do 
 so; how and when to slide; team work 
 on the bases; in fact, every point of the 
 game Is thoroughly explained. Illua- 
 trated with pictures of leading players. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 830— HOW TO PITCH. 
 
 A new, up-to-date book. The object of 
 this book is to aid the beginners who as- 
 pire to become clever twirlers, and its 
 contents are the practical teaching of 
 men who have reached the top as pitch- 
 ers, and who know how to impart a 
 knowledge of their art. All the big 
 leagues' pitchers are shown. Price 10 
 cents. 
 
 NO. 229— HOW TO CATCH. 
 
 Undoubtedly the best book on catching 
 that has yet been published. Every boy 
 who has hopes of being a clever catcher 
 should read how well-known players 
 cover their position. Among the more 
 noted ones who describe their methods 
 of play in this book are Lou Criger of 
 the Boston Americans and Johnnie Kllng 
 of the Chicago Nationals. The numerous 
 pictures compriae all the noted catchers 
 In the big leagues. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 225— HOW TO PLAY FIRST BASE. 
 No other position in a ball team has 
 shown such a change for the better In 
 recent years as first base. Modifications 
 in line with the betterment of the sport 
 In every department has been made at 
 intervals, but in no other department 
 have they been so radical. No boy who 
 plays the initial sack can aCTord to over- 
 look the points and bints contained in 
 this book. Entirely new and up to date. 
 Illustrated with full-page pictures of all 
 the prominent first basemen. Price 10 
 cent!. 
 
ATHLETIC 
 LIBRARY 
 
 ATHLETIC 
 LIBRARY 
 
 GROUP I.— BASE BALL— Continued 
 
 NO. 226— HOW TO PLAY SECOND 
 BASE. 
 There are bo few men who can cover 
 second base to perfection that their 
 names can easily be called ofT by anyone 
 who follows the game of base ball. 
 Team owners who possess such players 
 would not part with them for thousands 
 of dollars. These men have been inter- 
 viewed and their Ideas incorporated In 
 this book for the especial benefit of boys 
 who want to know the fine points of play 
 at this point of the diamond. Illustrated 
 with full-page pictures. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 227— HOW TO PLAY THIRD BASE. 
 
 Third base is, in some respects, the 
 most important of the Infield. No major 
 league team has ever won a pennant 
 without a great third baseman. Collins 
 of the Boston Americans and Leach of 
 Pittsburg are two of the greatest third 
 basemen the game has ever seen, and 
 their teams jwe much of the credit for 
 pennants they have won to them. These 
 men In this book describe Just how they 
 play the position. Everything a player 
 should know is clearly set forth and any 
 boy will surely increase his chances of 
 success by a careful reading of this 
 book. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO, 228— HOW TO PLAY SHORTSTOP. 
 
 Shortstop Is one of the hardest posi- 
 tions on the Infield to fill, and quick 
 thought and quick action are necessary 
 for a plaver who expects to make good 
 as a shortstop. The views of every well- 
 known player who covers this position 
 have been sought in compiling this book, 
 and it Is offered as being the most com- 
 plete book of its class ever produced. 
 Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 224— HOW TO PLAY THE OUT- 
 FIELD. 
 Compiled especially for the young 
 player who would become an expert. 
 The best book on playing the outfield 
 that has ever been published. There 
 are just as many tricks to be learned, 
 before a player can be a competent 
 fielder, as thera are in any other posi- 
 tion on a n-ne, and this book explains 
 them all. Illustrated with numerous 
 page pictures of leading outfielders. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 231— HOW TO COACH; HOW TO 
 CAPTAIN A TEAM; HOW TO 
 MANAGE A TEAM; HOW TO 
 UMPIRE; HOW TO ORGANIZE A 
 LEAGUE. 
 A useful guide to all who are Inter- 
 ested in the above subjects. Jimmy Col- 
 lins writes on coaching; M. J. Kelly on 
 captaining; Al Buckenberger on manag- 
 ing; Frank Dwyer of the Anicrifan 
 League staff, on umpiring; Fred Lake on 
 minor leagues, and the editor, T. H. 
 Murnane, President of the New England 
 League, on how to organize a league. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 219— READY RECKONER OF BASE 
 BALL PERCENTAGES. 
 To supply a demand for a book which 
 would show the percentage of clubs with- 
 out recourse to the arduous work of fig- 
 uring, the publishers have had these ta- 
 bles compiled by an expert. No followm- 
 of the game can afford to be without 
 this book. Price 10 cents. 
 
 BASE BALL AUXILIARY 
 
 KO. 291— MINOR LEAGUE BASE BALL 
 GUIDE. 
 
 The minors' own guide. Contains pic- 
 Inrei ot leading teams, ecbedules, re- 
 
 port of annual meeting National Asso- 
 ciation of Professional Base Ball 
 Leagues, special articles and official rules. 
 Edited by President T. H. Murnane, of 
 the New England League. Price 10 
 cents. (Ready May 1.) 
 
ATHLETIC 
 LIBRARY 
 
 GROUP M.- 
 
 NO. 2— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL FOOT 
 BALL GUIDE. 
 
 Edited I)y Walter Camp. Contains the 
 new rules, with diagram of field; All- 
 America teams as selected by leading 
 authorities; reviews of the game from 
 various sections of the country; 1905 
 scores of all the leading teams; pictures 
 of hundreds of players. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 284— HOW TO PLAY FOOT BALL. 
 Edited by Walter Camp. The con- 
 tents embrace everything that a beginner 
 wants to know and many points that an 
 expert will be glad to learn. The pic- 
 tures an? made from snapshots of leading 
 teams and players in action, with com- 
 ments by Walter Camp. Price 10 cents. 
 
 FOOT BALL 
 
 NO. 2a-SPALDING'S OFFICIAL ASSO- 
 CIATION FOOT BALL GUIDE. 
 A complete and up-to-date guide to the 
 "Soccer" game in the United States, 
 containing instructions for playing the 
 game, official rules, and interesting news 
 from all parts of the country. Illus- 
 trated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 286— HOW TO PLAY SOCCER. 
 
 Owing to the great interest shown 
 in "Soccer" foot ball in America, the 
 publishers have had a hook compiled 
 in England, the home of the sport, tell 
 ing how each position should be played, 
 written by the best player in England 
 in his respective position, and illustrated 
 with full-page photographs of players in 
 action. As a text-book of the game 
 this work is invaluable, and no "Soccer" 
 player can afford to be without it. 
 I'rice 10 cents. (Ready in December.) 
 
 FOOT BALL AUXILIARY 
 
 NO. 283— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL CANA- 
 DIAN FOOT BALL GUIDE. 
 Edited by Frank D. Woodworth, Sec- 
 
 retary-Treasurer Ontario Rugby Foot Ball 
 I'nion. The official book of the game 
 in Canada. Price 10 cents. 
 
 GROUP m.— CRICKET 
 
 NO. 3 — SPALDING'S OFFICIAL 
 CRICKET GUIDE. 
 
 Edited by Jerome Flannery. The most 
 complete year book of the game that 
 has ever been published In America. Re- 
 ports of special matches, oflicial rules 
 and pictures of all the leading teams 
 and individual players. Price 10 cents. 
 (Ready in May.) 
 
 NO. 277— CRICKET; AND HOW TO 
 PLAY IT. 
 By Prince Ranjitsinhji, the foremost 
 cricketer of Great Britain. Every de- 
 partment of the game is described con- 
 cisely and illustrated with full-page pic- 
 tures posed especially for this book. The 
 l>ook is acknowledged by competent 
 authorities to be the best book of in- 
 struction on the game ever published. 
 I'rice 10 cents. (Ready in January.) 
 
 GROUP IV.— LAWN TENNIS 
 
 NO. 4— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL LAWN 
 TENNIS ANNTTAI,. 
 Edited by H. P. Burchell, of the New 
 York Times. Contents include a report of 
 every important tournament played in 
 1006, embracing the National Champion- 
 ship, sectional and State tournaments; 
 Invitation and open tournaments; inter- 
 collegiate and interscholastic champion- 
 ships; women's national championships; 
 foreign championships; indoor champion- 
 ships; official ranking for each year from 
 1885 to 1906; laws of lawn tennis; in- 
 structions for handicapping; decisions on 
 doubtful points; regulations for the man- 
 agement of tournanftnts; directory of 
 Clubs; directions for laying out and 
 keeping a court; tournament notes. Il- 
 lustrated with pictures of leading play- 
 •rs. fricc IC centt. (Ready in May.) 
 
 NO. 157— HOW TO PLAY TENNIS. 
 
 A complete description of lawn tennis; 
 a lesson for beginners and directions tell- 
 ing how to make the most important 
 strokes; styles and skill of the experts; 
 the American twist service; how to build 
 and keep a court. Illustrated from 
 photographs of leading players in ac- 
 tion. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 279— STROKES AND SCIENCE OF 
 
 LAWN TENNIS, 
 By P. A. Vaile. a leading authority 
 on the game in Great Britain. Every 
 stroke in the game is accurately illus- 
 trated and analyzed by the author. 
 .\cknowledged by experts to be the most 
 complete book of instruction on the game 
 ever published. As a means of affording 
 a comparison between the American and 
 the English methods of play, this book 
 1« extremely useful. Price 10 cents. 
 
GROUP v.— GOLF 
 
 NO. 5— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL GOLF 
 GUIDE. 
 
 The leading annual of the game in 
 the United States. Contains records of 
 all important tournaments, articles on 
 the game in various sections of the 
 country, pictures of prominent players, 
 official playing rules, and interesting 
 official playing rules and general 
 items of interest. Price 10 cents* 
 (Ready in March.) 
 
 NO. 276— HOW TO PLAY GOLF. 
 
 By .Tames Braid, the English Open 
 riiiimpion of 1906. A glance at the 
 chapter headings will give an idea of 
 
 the variety and value of the contents: Be- 
 ginners' wrong ideas; method of tuition; 
 choosing the clubs; how to grip the club; 
 stance and address in driving; the up- 
 ward swing in driving; the top of ihe 
 swing; the downward swing; finishing 
 the stroke; the long ball; pulling and 
 slicing; playing in a wind; brassey play; 
 play with iron clubs; cleek shots; the 
 iron; the running-up shot; the mashie; 
 the niblick; putting; playing the round. 
 Numerous full page pictures of Chajn- 
 pion Braid in action add to the attrac- 
 tiveness of the book. The other con- 
 tents include the official rules and other 
 subjects of interest to golfers. Price 10 
 cents. 
 
 GROUP VI.— HOCKEY 
 
 NO. 6— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL ICE 
 HOCKEY GUIDE. 
 
 Written by the most famous player in 
 Canada, A. Farrell, of the Shamrock 
 hockey team of Montreal. It contains a 
 complete description of hockey, its 
 origin, points of a good player, and an 
 instructive article on how game Is 
 played, with diagrams and official rules. 
 Illustrated with pictures of leading 
 teams. Price 10 cents. (Ready in Janu- 
 ary.) 
 
 NO. 154— FIELD HOCKEY. 
 
 To those in med of vigorous and 
 healthful out-of-doors exercise, this 
 game is recommended highly. Its 
 healthful attributes are manifold and 
 the interest of player and spectator alike 
 
 is kept act've throughout the progress 
 of the game. The game is prominent in 
 the sports at Vassar, Smith, Wellesley, 
 Bryn Mawr and other leading colleges. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 188— LAWN HOCKEY, GARDEN 
 HOCKEY, PARLOR HOCKEY. 
 
 Containing the rules for each game. 
 Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 180— RING HOCKEY. 
 
 A new game for the g.vmnasium, in- 
 vented by Dr. J. M. Vorhees of Pratt 
 Institute, Brooklyn, that has sprung into 
 instant popularity; as exciting as basket 
 ball. This book contains official rules. 
 fPrice 10 cents. 
 
 HOCKEY AUXILIARY 
 
 NO. i«6<j— OFFICIAL HANDBOOK OF 
 THE ONTARIO HOCKEY ASSOCI- 
 ATION. 
 Edited by W. A. Hewitt, of Toronto. 
 
 Contains the official rules of the Associ- 
 ation, constitution, rules of competition, 
 list of officers, and pictures of leading 
 players. Price 10 cents. 
 
 GROUP Vn.— BASKET BALL 
 
 NO. 7— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BAS- 
 KET BALL GUIDE. 
 
 EiUtod by George T. Hepbron. Con- 
 tains the revised official rules, decisions 
 on disputed points, records of prominent 
 teams, reports on the game from various 
 parts of the country, and pictures of 
 hundreds of players. Price, 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 193— HOW TO PLAY BASKET 
 BALL. 
 By <-i. T. Hepbrou, editor of the Of- 
 
 ficial Basket Ball Guide. Contains full 
 instructions for players, both for the ex- 
 pert and the novice, duties of officials, 
 and specially posed full-page pictures 
 showing the correct and incorrect methods 
 of playing. The demand for a book of 
 this character is fully satisfied in this 
 publication, as many points are included 
 whii'h could not l)e incorporated in the 
 ann\ial publication of the Basket Ball 
 Guide for want of room. Price 10 cent*. 
 
GROUP VII.-BASKET BALL-Continued 
 
 NO. 260— OFFICIAL BASKET BALL 
 GUIDE FOR WOMEN. 
 
 Edited by Miss .Senda Berenson, of 
 Smith College. Contains the otlicial 
 playing rules of the game and special 
 articles on the following sulijects: 
 Games for women, by E. Hitchcock, Di- 
 rector of Physical Training, and Dean 
 of College, Amherst College ; condition 
 of women's basket ball in the Middle 
 West, by W. P. Bowen, Michigan State 
 Normal College; a few suggestions about 
 the actual playing of basket ball, by 
 Agnes C. Childs, A. M., Smith College; 
 psychological effects of basket ball for 
 
 women, by Dr. L. H. Gulick, superin- 
 tendent of physical training in the 
 schools of Greater New York; physi- 
 ological effects of basket ball, by 
 Theodore Hough, Ph. D. ; significance of 
 basket ball for women, by Senda Beren- 
 son; relative merit of the Y. M. C. A. 
 rules and women's rules, by Augusta 
 Lane Patrick, director of physical train- 
 ing, Montclair (N. J.) High School; A 
 Plea for Basket Ball, by Julie Ellsbee 
 Sullivan, Teachirs' College, New Y'ork; 
 diagram of field. Illustrated with many 
 pictures of basket ball teams, Price 10 
 cents. 
 
 BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 
 
 NO. 278— COLLEGIATE BASKET BALL 
 GUIDE. 
 
 The otlicial publication of the new 
 Collegiate Basket Ball organization. 
 Contains the official rules, collegiate and 
 high school records, All America selec- 
 
 tions, reviews of the collegiate basket 
 Iiall season of 1905-6, and pictures of 
 all the prominent college teams and in- 
 dividual players. Edited by Harry A. 
 Fisher, of Columbia. Price 10 cents. 
 
 GROUP Vin.— BOWLING 
 
 NO. 8— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWL- 
 ING GUIDE. 
 
 Edited by S. Karpf, Secretary of the 
 American Bowling Congress. The contents 
 include: History of the sport; diagrams 
 of effective deliveries; how to bowl; a 
 few hints to beginners; American Bowl- 
 ing Congress; the national champion- 
 how to build an alley; how to 
 
 score; spares — how they are made. Rules 
 for cocked hat, cocked hat and feather, 
 quintet, battle game, nine up and nine 
 down, head pin and four back, ten pins 
 - — head piu out. five back, the Newport 
 game, ten pin head, pin game, duckpin 
 game, head pin game, New England 
 candle pin game. Illustrated with por- 
 traits of all the prominent bowlers. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 GROUP IX.INDOOR BASE BALL 
 
 NO. 9— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL IN- 
 DOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 
 
 America's national game is now vicing 
 with other indoor games as a winter 
 pastime. This book contains the play- 
 
 ing rules, pictures of leading teams 
 from all parts of the country, and in- 
 teresting articles on the game by lead- 
 ing authorities on the subject. Price 
 10 cents. 
 
 GROUP X.— POLO 
 
 NO. 10— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL ROL- 
 LER POLO GUIDE. 
 Edited by J. C. Morse. A full descrip- 
 tloQ of the game; ofiicial rules; records. 
 The revival of the popular pastime of 
 roller skating has led the publishers to 
 include in this book complete directions 
 for fancy skating, rink rules, etc. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 129— 'WATER POLO. 
 
 The contents of this book treat of 
 
 every detail, the individual work of the 
 players, the practice of the teani, how 
 to throw the ball, with illustrations and 
 many valuable hints. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 199— EQUESTRIAN POLO. 
 
 Compiled by H. L. I-^itzPatrick of the 
 New York Sun. Illustrated with por- 
 traits of leading players and contains 
 most useful information for polo players. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
ATHLETIC 
 LIBRARY 
 
 GROUP XL— MISCELLANEOUS GAMES 
 
 NO. 201— LACROSSE 
 
 By W'illiuiu G. Scbmeisser, captain 
 Johns Hopkins University champion 
 intercollogiate lacrosse team of 1902; 
 edited by Ronald T. Aberci'ombie, ex- 
 captain and coach of Johns Hopkins Uni- 
 versity lacrosse team. 1900-1904. Every 
 position is thoroughly explained in a 
 most simple and concise manner, render- 
 ing it the best manual of the game ever 
 published. Illustrated with numerous 
 snapshots of important plays. Price 10 cts. 
 
 NO. 248— ARCHERY. 
 
 A new and up-to-date book on this fas- 
 cinating pastime. Edited by Mr. Louis 
 Maxson of Washington, D. C, ex-Na- 
 tional champion. Contains a history of 
 archery from its revival as a pastime 
 in the eighteenth century to the present 
 time, with list of winners and scores of 
 the English Grand championships from 
 1844; National Archery Association of 
 the United States winners and scores; 
 the several varieties of archery; instruc- 
 tions for shooting; how to select imple- 
 ments; how to score; and a great deal of 
 interesting information on the game. 
 Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 138— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL CRO- 
 QUET GUIDE. 
 Contains directions for playing, dia- 
 grams of important strokes, description 
 of grounds, instructions for the begin- 
 ner, terms used In the game, and the 
 official playing rules. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 271— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL 
 ROQUE GUIDE. 
 The official publication of the National 
 Roque Association of America. Edited 
 by Prof. Charles Jacobus, ex-champion. 
 Contains a description of the courts and 
 r.heir construction, diagrams of the field, 
 illustrations, rules and valuable infor- 
 mation. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 194 — RACQUETS, SQUASH- 
 RACQUETS AND COURT TENNIS. 
 The need of an authoritative handbooI< 
 at a popular price on these games is 
 filled by this book. How to play each 
 game is thoroughly explained, and all 
 the difficult strokes shown by special 
 photographs taken especially for this 
 book. Contains the official rules for 
 each game, with photographs of well- 
 known courts. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 13— HOW TO PLAY HAND BALL. 
 By the world's champion, Michael 
 Egan, of Jersey City. This book has been 
 rewritten and brought up to date in 
 every particular. Every play is thor- 
 oughly explained by text and diagram. 
 The numerous illustrations consist of 
 full pages made from photographs of 
 Champion Egan, sho-ving him in all his 
 characteristic attitudes. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 167— QUOITS. 
 
 By M. W. Deshong. The need of a 
 book on this interesting game has been 
 felt by many who wished to know the 
 fine points and tricks used by the ex- 
 perts. Mr. Deshong explains them, with 
 illustrations, so that a novice can readily 
 understand. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 170— PUSH BALL. 
 
 Played with an air-inflated ball 6 
 feet in diameter, weighing about 50 
 pounds. A side consists of eleven men. 
 This book contains the official rules and 
 a sketch of the game; illustrated. Price 
 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 14— CURLIITO. 
 
 A sbcirt history of this famous Scottish 
 pastimi', with iiist ructions for play, rules 
 of the game, dotiuitions of terms and dia- 
 grams of dififereut shots. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 207 — BO"WLING ON THE GREEN; 
 OR, LAWN BOWLS. 
 How to construct a green; necessary 
 equipment; how to play the game, and 
 the official rules as promulgated by the 
 Scottish Bowling Association. Edited 
 by Mr. James W. Greig. Illustrated. 
 Price, 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 188— LAWN GAMES. 
 
 Contains tlie ruli^s f(ir Lawn Hockey, 
 Garden Hockey, Hand Tennis, Tether 
 Tennis: also Volley Ball, Parlor Hockey, 
 Badminton, Basket Goal. Price, 10 cts. 
 
 NO. 189— CHILDREN'S GAMES. 
 
 Compiled by Jessie H. Bancroft, direc- 
 tor of physical training, department of 
 education. New York City. These games 
 are intended for use at recesses, and all 
 but the team games have been adapted 
 to large classes. Suitable for children 
 from three to eight years, and include 
 a great variety. Price 10 cent?. 
 
GROUP XH.-ATHLETICS 
 
 NO. 12— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL ATH- 
 LETIC ALMANAC. 
 Compiled liy J. E. Sullivan, Chief De- 
 partment Physical Culture, Louisiana 
 Purchase Exposition, Director Olympic 
 Games, 1904, Special Commissioner from 
 the United States to the Olympic Games 
 at Athens, 1906, and President of the 
 Amateur Athletic Union. The only an- 
 nual pulilication now issued that contains 
 a complete list of amateur best-on- 
 records; complete Intercollegiate records; 
 complete English records from 1866; swim- 
 ming records; interscholastic records; 
 Irish, Scotch and Australasian records; 
 reports of leading athletic meets; skat- 
 ing records; important athletic events 
 and numerous photos of individual ath- 
 letes and leading athletic teams. Price, 
 10 cents. (Ready in January.) 
 
 NO. 27— COLLEGE ATHLETICS. 
 
 M. C. iMurphy, the well-knnwn athletic 
 trainer, now with Pennsylvania, the 
 author of this book, has written it espe- 
 cially for the schoolboy and college man, 
 but it is invaluable for the athlete who 
 wishes to e.xcel in any branch of athletic 
 sport. The sulijects comprise the follow- 
 ing articles; Training, starting, sprint- 
 ing; how to train for the quarter, half, 
 mile and longer distances; walking; high 
 and broad jumping; hurdling; pole vault- 
 ing; throwing the hammer. It is pro- 
 fusely illustrated with pictures of lead- 
 ing athletes. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 182— ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. 
 
 Cives in full tlie method of scoring the 
 Ail-Around Championship, giving percen- 
 tage tables showing what each man re- 
 ceives for each performanee in each of 
 the ten events. It contains as well in- 
 Btructive articles on how to train for the 
 All-Around Championship. Illustrated 
 with many pictures of champions in ac- 
 tion and scores at all-around meets. 
 Price, 10 cents. 
 
 NO 156— THE ATHLETE'S GUIDE, 
 
 How to become an athlete. It contains 
 full instructions for the beginner, telling 
 how to sprint, hurdle, jump and throw 
 weights, general hints on training; in 
 fact, this book is one of the most com- 
 plete on the subject that has ever ap- 
 peared. Special chapters contain valu- 
 able advice to beginners and important 
 A. A. U. rules and their explanations, 
 while the pictures comprise many scenes 
 ol champions In action. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 87— ATHLETIC PRIMER. 
 
 Edited by James E. Sullivan, Presi- 
 dent of the Amateur Athletic Union. 
 Tells how to organize an athletic 
 club, how to conduct an athletic meeting, 
 and gives rules for the government of 
 
 athletic meetings; contents also include 
 directions for Iniilding a track and laying 
 out athletic grounds, and a very instruc- 
 tive article on training; fully illustrated 
 with pictures of leading athletes in ac- 
 tion. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 273— THE OLYMPIC GAMES AT 
 ATHENS, 1906. 
 A complete account of the Olympic 
 Games of I'JOO, at Athens, the greatest 
 International Athletic Contest ever held. 
 Containing a short history of the games, 
 story of the American team's trip and 
 their reception at Athens, complete list 
 of starters in every event; winners, 
 their times and distances; the Stadium; 
 list of winners in previous Olympic 
 Games at Athens, Paris and St. Louis, 
 and a great deal of other interesting 
 information. Compiled by J. E. Sulli- 
 van, Special Commissioner from the 
 United States to the Olympic Games. 
 Illustrated with numerous pictures of 
 scenes at the games and leading offi- 
 cials, taken especially for this book. 
 Price, 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 252— HO"W TO SPRINT, 
 
 A complete and detailed account of 
 how to train for the short distances. 
 Every athlete who aspires to be a 
 si)rinter can study this book to advan- 
 tage and gain a great deal of useful 
 knowledge. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 255— HO'W TO RUN 100 YARDS. 
 
 By J. W Morton, the noted British 
 champion. Written by Mr. Morton 
 during his recent American trip, In 19u5, 
 especially for boys. Mr. Morton knows 
 how to handle his subject, and his ad- 
 vice and directions for attaining speed, 
 will undoubtedly be of immense assist- 
 ance to the great majority of boys who 
 have to rely on printed instructions. 
 Many of Mr. Morton's methods of train- 
 ing are novel to American athletes, but 
 his success is the best tribute to their 
 worth. Illustrated with photographs of 
 Mr. Morton in action, taken especially 
 for tliis hook in New York City. Price 
 10 C€nts. 
 
 NO. 174— DISTANCE AND CROSS- 
 COUNTRY RUNNING. 
 
 By (Jeorge Ortnn, the famous Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania runner. Tells how 
 to become proticient at the quarter, half, 
 mile, the longer distances, and cross- 
 country running and steeplechasing, with 
 instructions for training and schedules 
 to be observed when preparing for a 
 contest. Illustrated with numerous pic- 
 tures of leading athletes in action, with 
 comments by the editor on the good and 
 bad points shown. Price 10 cents. 
 
GROUP XIL-ATHLETICS-Continued 
 
 NO. 246— ATHLETIC TRAINING FOE 
 SCHOOLBOYS. 
 
 This book Is the most complete work 
 of its kind yet attempted. The compiler 
 is Geo. W. Orton, of the University of 
 Pennsylvania, a famous athlete himself 
 and who is well qualified to give in- 
 structions to the beginner. Each event 
 in the intercollegiate programme is 
 treated of separately, both as regards 
 method of training and form. By fol- 
 lowing the directions given, the young 
 athlete will be sure to benefit himself 
 without the danger of overworking as 
 many have done through ignorance, ren- 
 dering themselves unfitted for their task 
 when the day of competition arrived. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 259— WEIGHT THROWING. 
 
 By James S. Mitchel, Champion Amer- 
 ican weight thrower, and holder of 
 
 American, Irish, British and Canadian 
 championships. Probably no other maw 
 in the world has had the varied and long 
 experience of James S. Mitchel in the 
 weight throwing department of athletics. 
 The book is written in an instructive 
 way, and gives valuable information, 
 not only for the novice, but for the ex- 
 pert as well. It is replete with lifelike 
 illustrations of Champion John Flanagan 
 throwing the hammer, Dennis Horgan, 
 British and Irish champion shot putter, 
 and others. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 65— OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 
 
 Contains niles not fuiuul in other pub- 
 lications for the govornnicnt of many 
 simrts: rules for wrestling, shuflleboard, 
 snowshoeing, professional racing, pigeon 
 Hying, dog racing, pistol and revolver 
 .shooting, British water polo rules. Price 
 10 cents. 
 
 ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES 
 
 NO. 241— OFFICIAL HANDBOOK OF 
 THE A.A.U. 
 The A.A.U. is the governing body of 
 athletes in the United States of America, 
 and all games must be held under Its 
 rules, which are exclusively published in 
 this handbook, and a copy should be in 
 the hands of every athlete and every 
 club officer in America. This book con- 
 tains the official rules for running, jump- 
 ing, weight throwing, hurdling, pole 
 vaulting, swimming, boxing, wrestling, 
 etc. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 217— OLYMPIC HANDBOOK. «• 
 
 Compiled by .1. E. Sullivan, Chief De- 
 partment Physical Culture, Louistana 
 Purchase Exposition, and Director Olym- 
 pic Games, 1904. Contains a complete 
 report of the Olympic Games of 19W, 
 with list of records and pictures of hun- 
 dreds of athletes; also reports of the 
 games of 1896 and 1900. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 269 — OFFICIAL INTERCOL- 
 LEGIATE A.A.A. HANDBOOK. 
 
 Contains constitution, by-laws, laws 
 of athletics and rules to govern the 
 awarding of the championship cup of the 
 Intercollegiate Athletic Association of 
 Amateur Athletes of America, the gov- 
 erning body in college athletics. Con- 
 tains official intercollegiate records from 
 1870 to date, with the winner's nami> 
 and time in each event, list of points 
 won by each college, and list of officers 
 of the association from 1880. Price, 
 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 245— OFFICIAL Y.M.C.A. HAND- 
 BOOK. 
 
 Edited by G. T. Hepbron, the well- 
 known athletic authority. It contains 
 the official rules governing all sports 
 under the jurisdiction of the Y.M.C.A., 
 a complete report of the physical direc- 
 tors' conference, official Y.M.C.A. scor- 
 ing tables, Dentathlon rules, many pic- 
 tures of the" leading Y.M.C.A. athletes 
 of the counti-y, official Y.M.C.A. athletic 
 rules, constitution and by-laws of the 
 Athletic League of Y.M.C.A., all-around 
 Indoor test, volley ball rules; illustrated. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 HO. 281— OFFICIAL HANDBOOK OF 
 THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS ATHLETIC 
 LEAGUE. 
 
 This is the official handbook of the 
 Public Schools Athletic League, which 
 embraces all the public schools of Greater 
 New York. It contains the official rules 
 that govern all the contests of the 
 league, and constitution, by-laws and 
 officers. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey 
 Gulick. suricrintendent of physical edu- 
 cation in the New York public schools. 
 Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 274— INTERCOLLEGIATE CROSS 
 COUNTRY HANDBOOK. 
 Contains constitution and by-laws, list 
 of officers, and records of the associa- 
 tion. Price, 10 cents. 
 
GROUP XIII.— ATHLETIC ACCOMPLISHMENTS 
 
 NO. 177— HOW TO SWIM. 
 
 By J. H. Sterrett, the leading author- 
 ity on swimming In America. The in- 
 structions will Interest the expert as 
 well as the novice: the Illustrations were 
 made from photographs especially posed, 
 showing the swimmer in clear water; a 
 valuable feature is the series of "land 
 drill" exercises for the beginner, which 
 Is illustrated by many drawings. The 
 contents comprise: A plea for education 
 in swimming; swimming as an exercise 
 and for development: land drill exer- 
 cises: plain swimming; best methods of 
 learning; the breast stroke; breathing; 
 under-arm side stroke; scientific strokes 
 — over-arm side stroke; double over-arm 
 or "trudgeon" stroke; touching and 
 turning; training for racing; ornamental 
 swimming; floating; diving; running 
 header; back dive; diving feet foremost; 
 the propeller; marching on the water; 
 swimming on the back. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 128— HOW TO ROW. 
 
 By E. J. (liuniiini, of the New York 
 A. C, one of America's most famous 
 amateur oarsmen and champions. This 
 book will instruct any one who is a 
 lover of rowing how to become an ex- 
 pert. It is fully Illustrated, showing how 
 to hold the oars, the finish of the stroke 
 and other information that will prove 
 valuable to the beginner. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 23— CANOEING. 
 
 Paddling, sailing, cruising and racing 
 canoes and their uses; with hints on rig 
 
 and management: the choice of a canoe; 
 sailing canoes: racing regulations; canoe- 
 ing and camping. Jfully illustrated. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 209— HOW TO BECOME A 
 SKATER. 
 Contains advice for beginners; how to 
 become a figure skater thoroughly ex- 
 plained, with many diagrams showing 
 how to do all the different tricks of the 
 best figure skaters, including the Mo- 
 hawk, with all its variations: Q's, for- 
 ward and backward, inside and outside; 
 the crosscuts, including the diflicult 
 Swedish style; inside and outside spins; 
 the grapevine, with its numerous branch- 
 es, and many other styles, which will 
 be comparatively simple to any one who 
 follows the directions given. Profusely 
 illustrated with pictures of prominent 
 skaters and numerous diagrams. Price 
 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 282— ROLLER SKATING GUIDE. 
 
 Contains directions for becoming pro- 
 ficient as a fancy and trick roller skater. 
 Pictures of prominent trick skaters In 
 action. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 178— HOW TO TRAIN FOR 
 BICYCLING. 
 
 Gives mt'thods of the best riders when 
 training for long or short distance races; 
 hints on training. Revised and up-to- 
 date in every particular. Price 10 cents. 
 
 GROUP XIV.— MANLY SPORTS 
 
 NO. 18— FENCING. 
 
 By Dr. Edward Breck, of Boston, edi- 
 tor of the Swordsman, and a prominent 
 amateur fencer. A l)ook that has stood 
 the test of time, and is universally 
 acknowledged to be a standard work. 
 Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 162— BOXING GUIDE. 
 
 For many years books have been issued 
 on the art of boxing, but it has remained 
 for us to arrange a book that we think is 
 sure to fill all demands. It contains 
 over 70 pages of illustrations showing all 
 the latest blows, posed especially for this 
 book under the supervision of a well- 
 known instructor of boxing, who makes 
 a specialty of teaching and knows how 
 to impart his knowledge. They are so 
 arranged that anyone can easily become 
 proficient. A partial list of the" contents 
 include: The correct position; clenching 
 the fist; gauging distance; the first prin- 
 ciples of hitting; the elements of de- 
 fence; feinting; knockout blows; chin 
 
 puncli ; the lilow under the ear; the fam- 
 ous solar plexus knockout; the heart 
 blow; famous blows and their origina- 
 tors: Fitzsimmons' contribution; the Mc- 
 Coy corkscrew; the kidney punch; the 
 liver punch; the science of boxing: proper 
 position of hand and arm; left hook 
 to face; hook to the jaw; how to deliver 
 the solar plexus; correct delivery of a 
 right uppercut; blocking a right swing 
 and sending a right uppercut to chin; 
 lilocking a lelt swing and sending a left 
 uppercut to chin, etc., etc.; hints on 
 training, diet and lirrathing; how to 
 train; rules for boxing. Price 111 cents. 
 
 NO. 165— THE ART OF FENCING. 
 
 This is a new book by Regis and Louis 
 Senac, of New York, famous instructors 
 and leading authorities on the subject. 
 Messrs. .Senac give in detail how every 
 move should be made, and tell it so 
 clearly that anyone can follow the in- 
 structions. It is Illustrated with sixty 
 full page pictures, posed especially for 
 this book. Price 10 cents. 
 
CROUP XIV. MANLY SPORTS— Continued 
 
 NO. 140— WRESTLING. 
 
 Catth as eatoh can style. By E. H. 
 Hitchf<)Ck-, M.D., of Cornell, and R. F. 
 Kelligan, of Amlierst College. The book 
 contains nearly seventy illustrations of 
 the different holds, photographed espe- 
 cially and so described that anybody 
 who desires to become expert in wrest- 
 ling can with little effort learu every 
 one. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 236— HOW TO WRESTLE. 
 
 Without question the most complete 
 and up-to-date book on wrestling that 
 has ever been printed. Edited by F. R. 
 Toombs, and devoted principally to 
 special poses and illustrations by 
 Georges Hackenschmidt, the "Russian 
 Lion." It shows the champion In many 
 poses, and also contains a special article 
 on "Training," in which he gives good 
 advice to beginners. The book also con- 
 tains in addition many full pages of 
 poses by Tom Jenkins and other famous 
 wrestlers. Besides showing accurately 
 how to secure each hold and fall, the 
 book also contains official rules for all 
 styles of wrestling. Be sure to ask for 
 the Spalding Athletic Library book "How 
 to Wrestle." Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 102— GROUND TUMBLING. 
 
 By Prof. Henry Walter Worth, who 
 was for years physical director of the 
 Armour Institute of Technology. Any 
 boy, by reading this book and following 
 the instructions, can become a proficient 
 tumbler. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 233— JIU JITSU. 
 
 A complete description of this famous 
 Japanese system of self-defence. Each 
 move thoroughly explained and illus- 
 trated with numerous full-page pictures 
 of Messrs. A. Minaml and K. Koyama. 
 two of the most famous exponents of 
 the art of Jiu Jitsu, who posed espe- 
 cially for this liook. Be sure and ask 
 for the Spalding Athletic Library book 
 on Jiu Jitsu. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 166— HOW TO SWING INDIAN 
 CLUBS. 
 By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well- 
 known exponent of physical culture. By 
 following the directions carefully anyone 
 can become an expert. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 200— DUMB-BELLS. 
 
 This is undoubtedly the best work on 
 dumb-bells that has ever been offered. 
 The author, Mr. G. Bojns, was formerly 
 superintendent of physical culture in the 
 Elizabeth (N. J.) public schools, in- 
 
 structor at Coliimliia University (New 
 York), instructor for four years at the 
 Columbia summer school and is now pro- 
 prietor of the Park Place Gymnasium, 
 at 14 Park Place, New York City. The 
 book contains 200 photographs of all the 
 various exercises with the instructions in 
 large, readable type. It should lie in the 
 hands of every teacher and pupil of 
 physical culture, and is invaluabb' for 
 home exercise as well. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 143— INDIAN CLUBS AND DUMB- 
 BELLS. 
 Two of the most popular forms of home 
 or gymnasium exercise. This book is 
 written by America's amatetir champion 
 dull swinger. J. H. Dougherty. It is 
 clearly illustrated, by which any novice 
 can become an expert. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 262— MEDICINE BALL. 
 
 This book is not a technical treatise, 
 but a series of plain and practical exer- 
 cises with the medicine ball, suitable for 
 boys and girls, business and professional 
 men, in and out of gymnasium. Lengthy 
 explanation and technical nomenclature 
 have been avoided and illustrations used 
 Instead. The exercises are fascinating 
 and attractive, and avoid any semblance 
 of drudgery. Edited by W. J. Cromle, 
 physical director Germantown (Pa.) 
 Y.M.C.A. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 29-PULLEY WEIGHT EXERCISES 
 
 By Dr. Henry S. .Vnderson, instructor 
 in lieavy gymnastics I'ale gymnasium, 
 Anderson Normal School, Chautaufpia 
 tiniversity. In conjunction with a chest 
 machine anyone with this book can. be- 
 come perfectly developed. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 191- HOW TO PUNCH THE BAG. 
 By W. H. Rothwell ("Young Cor- 
 bett"). This book is undoubtedly the 
 best treatise on bag punching that has 
 ever been printed. Every variety of 
 blow used in training is shown and ex- 
 plained. The pictures comprise thirty- 
 three full page reproductions of Y'oung 
 Corbett as he appears while at work in 
 his training quarters. The photographs 
 were taken liy our special artist and 
 cannot be seen in any other putilication. 
 Fancy nag punching is treated by a 
 well-known theatrical bag puncher, who 
 shows the latest tricks. Price 10 cents. 
 
GROUP XV.— GYMNASTICS 
 
 NO. 104— THE GRADING OF GYMNAS- 
 TIC EXERCISES. 
 By G. M. Martin, Physical Director 
 of the Y. M. C. A. of Youngstown, Ohio. 
 It is a bool£ that should be in the hands 
 of every physical director of the Y. M. 
 C. A., school, club, college, etc. The 
 contents comprise: The place of the class 
 in physical training; grading of exer- 
 cises and season schedules — grading of 
 men, grading of exercises, season sched- 
 ules for various classes, elementary and 
 advanced classes, leaders, optional exer- 
 cises. Nearly 200 pages. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO, 214— GRADED CALISTHENICS 
 AND DUMB-BELL DRILLS. 
 By Albert B. Wegener, Physical Di- 
 rector Y. M. C. A., Rochester, N. Y. 
 Ever since graded apparatus worli has 
 been used in gymnastics, the necessity 
 of having a mass drill that would har- 
 monize with it has been felt. For 
 years it has been the established custom 
 in most gymnasiums of memorizing a 
 set drill, never varied from one year's 
 end to the other. Consequently the be- 
 ginner was given the same kind and 
 amount as the older member. With a 
 view to giving uniformity the present 
 treatise is" attempted. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 254^BARNJUM BAR BELL DRILL. 
 
 Edited by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie, Di- 
 rector Physical Training, University of 
 Pennsylvania. Profusely illustrated. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 158— INDOOR AND OUTDOOR 
 GYMNASTIC GAMES. 
 
 Without cpiestion one of the best 
 books of it.s kind ever published. Com- 
 piled by Prof. A. M. Chesley, the well- 
 known Y. M. C. A. physical director. 
 It is a book that will prove valuable to 
 indoor and outdoor gymnasiums, schools, 
 outings and gatherings where there are 
 a number to be amused. The games de- 
 scribed comprise a list of 320, divided 
 into several groups. Price lu cents. 
 
 NO. 124— HOW TO BECOME A GYMNAST 
 By Robert .Stoll. of the New York 
 A. C, the American champion on the 
 Hying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy 
 who fre(|uents a gymuasium can easily 
 follow the illustrations and instructions 
 in this book and with a little practice 
 become proficient on the horizontal and 
 parallel bars, the trapeze or the "horse." 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 GROUP XVI.— PHYSICAL CULTURE 
 
 NO. 161— TEN MINUTES' EXERCISE 
 FOR BUSY MEN. 
 By Dr. Luther Ilalsey Gulick, Director 
 of Physical Training in the New York 
 public schools. Anyone who is looking 
 for a concise and complete course of 
 physical education at home would do 
 well to procure a copy of this book. Ten 
 minutes' work as directed is exercise 
 anyone can follow. It already has had a 
 large sale and has been highly recom- 
 mended by all who have followed its in- 
 structions". Price 10 cents. « 
 
 NO. 208— PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND 
 HYGIENE. 
 
 This is the fifth of the Physical Train- 
 ing series, by Prof. E. B. Warman (see 
 Nos. 142, 149, 166, 185, 213. 261). A glance 
 at the contents will show the variety 
 of subjects: Chapter I — Basic principles; 
 longevity. Chapter II — Hints on eating; 
 ■•food values; the uses of salt. Chapter 
 III — Medicinal value of certain foods. 
 Chapter IV — The efiicacy of sugar; sugar, 
 food for muscular work; eating for 
 
 strength and endurance; fish as brain 
 food; food for the children. Chapter V 
 — Digestibility; bread; appendicitis due 
 to flour. Chapter VI — Hints on drink- 
 ing — water, milk, buttermilk, tea, coffee; 
 how to remain young. Chapter VII — 
 Hints on bathing; cold, hot, warm, tepid, 
 salt, sun, air, Russian, Turkish, cabinet. 
 Chapter VIII — Hints on breathing; 
 breathlessness, heart strain, second 
 wind, yawning, the art of yogi. Price 
 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 149— THE CARE OF THE BODY. 
 
 A iMJuk 'liat all who value health 
 should read and follow its instructions. 
 By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known 
 lecturer and authority on physical cul- 
 ture. The subject is thoroughly treated, 
 as a glance at the following small por- 
 tion of the contents shows: An all- 
 around athlete; muscular Christianity; 
 eating, diet — various opinions; bill of 
 fare for luain workers; bill of fare for 
 muscle-makers; what to eat and drink;, 
 a simple diet; an opinion on brain food; 
 why is food required? drinking water; 
 nutrition — how food nourishes the body; 
 
ATHLETIC 
 LIBRARY 
 
 GROUP XVI.PHYSICAL CULTURE Continued 
 
 a (lily's food, how usod; constituents of 
 a (iiiy's ration — lieefsteak. potatofs, 
 broad, butter, water, germs of disease, 
 etc. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 142— PHYSICAL TRAINING SIM- 
 PLIFIED. 
 
 By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well- 
 known physical culture expert. Is a 
 complete, thorough and practical book 
 where the whole man is considered — brain 
 and body. By following the instructions 
 no apparatus is required. The book is 
 adapted for both sexes. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 185— HEALTH HINTS. 
 
 A series of articles by Prof. E. B. 
 Warman, the well-kuown lecturer and 
 authority on physical culture. Prof. 
 Warman treats very interestingly of 
 health intlnenced by insulation: health 
 influenced by underwear; health influ- 
 enced bv color; exercise, who needs it? 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 213—285 HEALTH ANSWERS. 
 
 Contents: Necessit.v for exercise in the 
 summer; three rules for bic.ycling; when 
 going up-hill; sitting out on summer 
 nights; ventilating a bedroom; ventilat- 
 ing a hiiuse; how to obtain pure air; 
 bathing: salt water baths at home; a 
 substitute for ice water; drinking ice 
 water; to cure insomnia: asleep in two 
 minutes; for those who ride wheels; sum- 
 
 mer outdoor exercise; profuse persjiira- 
 tion; danger of checking perspiration; 
 dress, hot weather, etc., etc. Compiled 
 by Prof. E. B. Warman. Price 10 centa. 
 
 NO. 238— MUSCLE BUILDING. 
 
 By Dr. L. II. Gulick, Director of 
 Physical Training in the New York pub- 
 lic schools. A complete trtatise on the 
 correct method of acquiring muscular 
 strength. Illustrated with numerous 
 full-page engravings. Price 10 cents. 
 
 NO. 234— SCHOOL TACTICS AND 
 MAZE RUNNING. 
 
 A series of drills for the use of 
 schools. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey 
 Gulick, Director of Physical Training In 
 the New York public schools. Price 10 
 cents. 
 
 NO. 261— TENSING EXERCISES. 
 
 By Prof. E. B. Warman, and uniform 
 with his previous numbers on Scientific 
 Physical Training (see Spalding's Ath- 
 letic Library Nos. 142, 149. 166. ISIJ, 
 208. 21.3). The ••Tensing" or ••Resist- 
 ing" system of muscular exercises is the 
 most thorough, the most complete, the 
 most satisfactory, and the most fascina- 
 ting of systems. Only forty minutes are 
 required to take all the exercises. The 
 Illustrations comprise nearly 70 photo- 
 graphs. Price 10 centa. 
 
DEC 20 190( 
 
 The Spalding Tubular Steel 
 Racing Skate 
 
 COR years past racing men have been looking: for a skata 
 * that could be depended upon absolutely. Ordinary 
 solder is not always sufficient to stand the strain at certain 
 points when a man is turning: a corner at full speed, and 
 this is one reason why the Spalding Tubular Steel Skate, 
 with every joint brazed like a bicycle frame— not soldered, 
 jumped into such great popularity immediately upon its 
 introduction late last season. We claim that this skate 
 embraces more good points necessary to a firstrclass rac- 
 ing skate than any other style on the market to-day. We 
 have the opinions and practical experience of some of the 
 most prominent racing men in this country to go by, 
 notably Mr. Sam See, who passed on most of ihe details of 
 construction, and every 
 pair is backed up with 
 a positive guarantee of 
 quality. If it gives way 
 through any fault of 
 its construction, w^ e 
 will gladly replace with 
 a new^ pair or refund 
 the money. 
 
 __^^^^^^* 
 
 Some Good Points 
 
 about the Spalding 
 
 Tubular Steel Racing 
 
 Skate 
 
 Absolutely guaranteed; 
 very light weight, all 
 tubular steel construc- 
 tion; everyjointbrazed, 
 not soldered, making it 
 the strongest racing 
 skate manufactured; 
 blades very thin, made 
 of 1-16 in. Norway tool 
 steel, hardened; toe 
 and heel plates made 
 of the best partly hard- 
 ened steel, left full size 
 so that they can be cut 
 to fit any size shoe. In 
 three lengths of blade, 
 14, 15 and 16 inches. 
 
 Pair, $6.00 
 
 A. C. SPALDING A BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago St. Louis Washington 
 
 Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City 
 
 Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Montreal, Can. London, £nglan4 
 
Won a 
 
 r^ 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 Special Award 
 
 and a Grand Prize 
 
 for their Gymnasium Equipment at the World's 
 Fair. The hundreds of Gymnasts who competed 
 in the different events in the Stadium during the 
 year proclaimed the apparatus made by A. G. 
 Spalding & Bros, the best that they had ever 
 worked on, cmd the team of German Turners 
 that came to America especially to compete in 
 the International Championships at St. Louis on 
 July 1 and 2, 1904, requested that they be per- 
 mitted to use the apparatus of the 
 
 Spalding Gymnasium Exhibit 
 
 in the Gymnastic Tournament, and at the conclu- 
 sion of the two-day meeting, voluntarily forwarded 
 to A. G. SPALDING & BROS, a testimonial 
 highly complimenting the firm on the manufacture 
 of their Gymnastic Apparatus. The same re- 
 quest was made by the Young Men's Christian 
 Association of America, and the apparatus was 
 r-y used by them for the Championships with best 
 
 results. In the International A.A.U. Champion- 
 ships A. G. Spalding & Bros.' apparatus was like- 
 wise used, and the Chairman of the Committee 
 declared the apparatus to be the best ever used 
 in connection with a championship meeting. 
 
At the Louisiana Pur- 
 chase Exposition, A. G. 
 
 Spalding & Bros., in com- 
 petition with the world's 
 
 makers of Athletic Goods, 
 
 received a Special Award 
 
 (superior to the Grand 
 
 Prize) consisting of a Gold 
 
 Medal, for the best, most 
 complete and most attractive installation of Athletic Supplies and 
 Gymnastic Apparatus shown at the World's Fair. In addition, 
 A. G. Spalding & Bros, were also awarded by the Grand Jury a 
 Grand Prize for their exhibit of all kinds of Athletic Implements 
 
 and Athletic Wearing Apparel. 
 At Paris, 1900, in competition with the world's makers of Athletic 
 Goods, A. G, Spalding & Bros, were awarded a Grand Prize for the 
 f finest and most complete line of Athletic Goods. 
 
 Grand Prize, 
 Saint Louis, 1904 
 
 Grand Frtx, 
 Paris, 1900 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 ODOaOTTHSlH