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 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 
 
WEBSTER'S 
 
 NEW ILLUSTRATED 
 
 DICTIONARY 
 
 OF THE ?_X— • - 
 
 11 IS" 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE 
 
 Based Upon the Unabridged Dictionary 
 
 of 
 
 NOAH WEBSTER, LL. D. 
 
 Revised and brought up to date in accordance with the most recent eminent 
 
 English and American authorities, and including 
 
 the following special features: 
 
 Origin, Composition and Derivation of the English Language, Principles of 
 
 Grammar, Simplified Spelling, Synonyms and Antonyms, Foreign 
 
 Words and Phrases, Weights and Measures, Coins, 
 
 Language of Flowers and Gems, etc., etc. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 SYNDICATE PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 1908 
 
JuBHARYot CONGRESS' 
 I IwoCoDies Kec*-^ 
 
 J JUN 29 1^08 
 
 
 
 Copyright, 1908, by Frank E. Wright 
 
Index to Full Page Illustrations 
 
 Colored Plates 
 
 Standard Cattle (see Cattle) 
 
 Jei'sey, Shorthorn, Holstein, Guernsey, Texas Steer, Brown Swiss, West 
 Highland, Ayrshire, Aberdeen-Angus, Dutch Belted. 
 
 Leading Breeds of Dogs (see Dog) 
 
 Gordon, Irish and English Setters; English, Rough-coated and Smooth- 
 coated German Pointers; Scotch Deer, Blood, Beagle, Fox, German 
 Dachs, Grev, Russian Wolf and Italian Grey Hounds; Boston, Pedlington, 
 Yorkshire, Bull, Black and Tan, Airedale, Scotch, Irish, Fox, Mexican 
 Hairless and Skye Terriers; French Toy and English Bulls; Mastiff; Irish 
 Water, Cocker, Clumber, Japanese, Maltese, King Charles and Blenheim 
 Spaniels; Great Dane; Pug; Dalmatian Coach; Rough-coated and Smooth- 
 coated St. Bernards; Newfoundland; Poodle; Eskimo; Collies; Spitz. 
 
 Types of Leading Breeds of American Pure-Bred Fowls (see Fowl) 
 
 Buff Leghorn, White Wyandotte, Japanese Bantams, Light Brahmas, 
 Modern Game, Plymouth Rock, Black Minorca, Rhode Island Red. 
 
 Fruits and Their Blossoms (see Fruit) 
 
 Lemon, Orange, Pomegranate, Guava, Apple,- Pear, Peach, Apricot, 
 Quince, Plum, Bread Fruit, Fig, Persimmon, Olive, Cherry, Wild Cherry, 
 Currant, Grape, Mulberry, Raspberry, Strawberry, Gooseberry, Whortle- 
 berry, Blackberry. 
 
 Precious Gems as They Are Found (see Gem) 
 
 Tourmaline (New. York and Ural), Chrysoprase, Emerald, Chrysoberyl, 
 Turquoise, Diamond, Spinel Ruby, Garnet, Topaz (Ural and Brazil), 
 Aquamarine, Lapis-Lazuli, Bloodstone, Opal, Amethyst. 
 
 Races of Mankind (see Man) 
 
 Mongolian — Tunguse Woman, Kirghis, Chinese Woman, Corean, Jap- 
 anese Woman, Tchuktchi; Caucasian — Cossack. Georgian Woman, Cash- 
 merian, Persian. Arab, Swede. Scotchman. Italian (Sicily); Malay — Diak 
 Woman, Malay Woman, Andaman Islander, Samoan Woman. Fijian; 
 Maori; American — Eskimo (Labrador), Sioux (No. Amer.), Apache (No. 
 Amer.), Mexican Squaw (Yucatan), Bororo (Brazil), Araucanian (Chile). 
 Fuegian Woman; Ethiopian — Massai, Zulu, Loango Woman, Abyssinian 
 Woman, .Nubian, Bushman. 
 
 Plates in Monotone 
 
 Making and Testing Armor Plates (see Armor Plate) 
 
 Compressed Steel Ingot, Heating an Ingot, Forging Plate, Machining 
 and Drilling Plate, Planing, Bending. Testing. 
 Latest Types of Automobiles (see Automobile) 
 
 Gasoline and Steam Touring Cars; Gasoline and Electric Runabouts; 
 Gasoline Limousine; Electric Landaulet; Gasoline Racing Car. 
 Panama Canal (see Canal) 
 
 North End of Canal, Culebra Cut at Bas Obispo and Culebra, Steam 
 Shovel at Work, First Excavation for Locks at Gatun Dam, Entrance to 
 Canal at Christobal. 
 Re-lnforced Concrete Building Construction (see Concrete) 
 
 Views with Portions of Columns Erected. Completed Column and Girder 
 Construction, Wood Centering, Method of Floor Construction, Exterior 
 Views Incompleted and Completed Building. 
 
Modern Fire Apparatus (see Fire Engine) 
 
 Horse and Self-Propelled Fire Engines, Water Tower, Ariel Ladder. 
 Modern American Passenger and Freight Locomotives (see Locomotive) 
 
 Atlantic and Pacific Types High Speed Passenger Locomotives; Con- 
 solidation and Ten Coupled Compound Freight Locomotives. 
 Lumbering Industry (see Lumber) 
 
 The First Cut, Logging Trains, Great Log Raft, Hoisting Logs to Mill, 
 Saw Mill, Lumber Ready for Shipment. 
 Double Octuple Newspaper Press (see Printing) 
 
 Showing the lagest Press in use, which has a capacity of 96,000 16-page 
 papers per hour, folded to half size and counted. 
 Modern Methods of Sub-Aqueous Tunnel Construction (see Tunnel) 
 
 Plan and Profile of Pennsylvania Railroad Tunnel Under the Hudson 
 River, Driving Shield, Forcing Shield through Silt, Placing Segments of 
 Tunnel, Completed Shell. 
 
 Statistical Charts 
 
 Agricultural Products of the United States by States (see Agriculture) 
 
 Armies of the World by Countries (see Army) 
 
 Coal Product of the United States by States (see Coal) 
 
 Coal Product of the World by Countries (see Coal) 
 
 Corn Product of the World by Countries (see Corn) 
 
 Cotton Product of the United States by States (see Cotton) 
 
 Cotton Product of the World by Countries (see Cotton) 
 
 Gold Product of the World by Countries (see Gold) 
 
 Silver Product of the World by Countries (see Gold) 
 
 Exports of the World by Countries (see Import) 
 
 Imports of the World by Countries (see Import) 
 
 Iron Product of the World by Countries (see Iron) 
 
 Steel Product of the World by Countries (see Iron) 
 
 Money of the World — Gold (see Money) 
 
 Money of the World— Silver (see Money) 
 
 Navies of the World by Countries (see Navy) 
 
 Oat Product of the World by Countries (see Oat) 
 
 Coffee Product of the World by Countries (see Sugar) 
 
 Sugar Product of the World by Countries (see Sugar) 
 
 Tea Product of the World by Countries (see Sugar) 
 
 Tobacco Product of the United States by States (see Tobacco) 
 
 Tobacco Product of the World by Countries (see Tobacco) 
 
 Comparative Wealth of the United States by States (see Wealth) 
 
 Comparative Wealth of the World by Nations (see Wealth) 
 
 Wheat Product of the United States by States (see Wheat) 
 
 Wheat Product of the World by Countries (see Wheat) 
 
 Wool Product of the United States by States (see Wool) 
 
 Woo! Product of the World by Countries (see Wool) 
 
PREFACE 
 
 ^T^HIS work is specially designed to meet the popular demand 
 
 -*■ for a convenient, complete, and reliable dictionary. 
 
 It contains all the words of the English language that are not 
 peculiarly appropriate to a dictionary of technical terms. 
 
 It gives the spelling and pronunciation of plurals, and indicates 
 the use of capital and small letters in writing every word in the 
 vocabulary. 
 
 The past tense and the participles of verbs are given wherever 
 not regularly formed, as by the addition of -d, -ed, and -ing. 
 
 The words in the vocabulary are arranged in strictly alphabeti- 
 cal order, making quick reference easy, and the size of the type' is 
 sufficiently large to render close and tiresome scrutiny unnecessary. 
 
 The pronunciation of each word is plainly indicated by phonetic 
 spelling. 
 
 The definitions, while concise, are sufficiently comprehensive to 
 embrace all the recent distinctions and meanings, and are accurate 
 and reliable in every respect. 
 
 Believing that the demand for a convenient, complete, and 
 reliable up-to-date American dictionary has been met by the con- 
 struction of the present handy volume, it is confidently hoped by 
 the publishers that the work will meet with a popular reception at 
 the hands of the public. 
 
 D.l 
 
€a6Ie of Content^ 
 
 * 
 
 Preface 
 
 Abbreviations of the Parts of Speech 
 
 Origin, Composition, and Derivation of the English Language 
 
 Principles of Grammar 
 
 Simplified Spelling 
 
 Key to Pronunciation 
 
 Dictionary of the English Language 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 Christian Names of Men 
 
 Christian Names of Women 
 
 Foreign Words, Phrases, Proverbs, Quotations, etc. 
 
 Facts about the Earth 
 
 Declaration of Independence 
 
 Constitution of the United States of America 
 
 Metric System of Weights and Measures 
 
 Value of Foreign Coins in U. S. Money 
 
 Time Difference 
 
 Electoral Vote in 1904 
 
 Weather Forecasts 
 
 Presidents of the United States 
 
 Language of the Flowers 
 
 Language of Gems 
 
 States, Names of, their Origin and Meaning 
 
 Dictionary of Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 Familiar Allusions 
 
 Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 Decisive Battles 
 
Abbreviations of the Parts of Speech 
 
 AND THEIR GRAMMATICAL SIGNIFICATIONS 
 
 The words that constitute our language are classified under 
 eight different heads, called "parts of speech" ; and, independently 
 of the articles a, an, and the, consist of the NOUN, the ADJEC- 
 TIVE, the PRONOUN, the VERB, the ADVERB, the 
 PREPOSITION, the CONJUNCTION, and the INTERJEC- 
 TION ; and each word in the Dictionary is referred to one or 
 other of these categories according to the functions, thus : — 
 
 n. representing noun or substantive. adv. representing adverb, 
 
 adj. " adjective. prep. " preposition. 
 
 pron. " pronoun. conj. " conjunction, 
 
 v. " verb. inter j. " interjection. 
 
 As the four first parts of speech vary in inflection or other 
 wise, these changes are indicated thus : — 
 
 v. t representing verb-transitive. 
 
 v. i. " verb-neuter or intransitive. 
 
 p. adj. " participial-adjective. 
 
 p. p. u past participle. 
 
 p. pr. ** present participle. 
 
 p. t u past tense. 
 
 To one or other of the above Parts of Speech each of the 
 many thousand words of which our language is composed belongs, 
 and the same word may belong to this or that division according 
 to its function in a sentence. Thus, a word is a Noun or Sub- 
 stantive when it names a thing, whether that be a substance or 
 an abstraction, being called a noun as naming, and a substantive 
 as capable of qualification. An Adjective (from the Latin ad- 
 jectum) is a word "added to" a substantive to qualify it in some 
 way, and in general at once amplify its meaning and limit its 
 application. A Pronoun (from the Latin pro nomine) is a word 
 
Abbreviation of the Parts of Speech 
 
 used "in place of a noun" to avoid its repstition, as well as to 
 indicate certain rhetorical relations or logical connections. The 
 Verb (from the Latin verbum) is "the word" of a sentence, and 
 that which makes the assertion, as well as asks a question or 
 expresses a command, and is here called active when it is transi- 
 tive, and neuter (i.e., neither active nor passive) when it is not. 
 An Adverb (from the Latin ad verbum) is a word properly append- 
 ed "to a verb" to express some modifying circumstance of place, 
 time, manner or cause regarding it, but is also used to qualify 
 attributive words like adjectives as well as verbs. The Prepo" 
 sition (from the Latin prcepositum) is a word "placed before" a 
 noun or pronoun to show its relation to some other word in the 
 sentence, and was originally expressive, for most part, of place- 
 relation. The Conjunction (from the Latin conjunctio) is a word 
 used to "join together" sentences or clauses of sentences, and to 
 indicate the relation in which these stand to each other. The 
 Interjection (from the Latin interjectum) is an abrupt exclama- 
 tion "thrown between" the words of a sentence to express some 
 related emotion on the part of the speaker, On referring to the 
 Dictionary, the student will find many words which are of differ- 
 ent parts of speech, and verbs which are both active and neuter, 
 according to the senses in which they are used ; but these are all 
 clearly distinguished", and the definitions given accordingly. 
 
ON THE 
 
 Origin, Composition, and Derivation 
 
 OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 
 
 The English Language, which is now spoken over a large 
 section of the globe, and by upwards of two hundred millions of 
 its inhabitants, was originally formed from one imported into 
 England by various small tribes from the north of Germany, who 
 settled in it in the fifth and sixth centuries of the Christian era, 
 the principal of which were the Jutes, the Saxons, and the Angles. 
 These, on invading the country, gradually drove the greater 
 number of the aboriginal inhabitants, who were of the Celtic race, 
 westward, and into the mountainous parts of Wales, where their 
 descendants are now located, and where their language is still 
 spoken. Soon after these settlers arrived, the southern part of 
 Britain was, after the chief tribe, called Angleland — i.e., land of 
 the Angles — or England ; and the language which they spoke, 
 formed from the amalgamation of their several dialects, was 
 called Anglo-Saxon. This is a branch of the Teutonic group, 
 and claims kinship therefore with the Indo-European family of 
 languages, of which the Teutonic is a member. 
 
 At the present time we find four groups of languages spoken 
 in Europe, viz., the Celtic, the Latin, the Sclavonic, and the Teu- 
 tonic. The Celtic languages are Welsh, spoken in Wales, Gaelic 
 in the Highlands of Scotland, Erse in Ireland, Manx in the Isle of 
 Man, and Breton in Brittany. The Latin language is, with various 
 
Origin, Composition, and Derivation 
 
 modifications, spoken by the Italians, the Spaniards, the French, 
 and the Portuguese. The Sclavonic is spoken by the inhabitants 
 of Russia, Poland, Croatia, and some parts of the Austrian Empire. 
 The other inhabitants of Europe speak the Gothic languages, 
 which are now generally called Teutonic. To the Teutonic belong 
 the German, the Dutch, the Flemish, the Danish, Swedish, and 
 Norwegian, and with these accordingly the English stands in 
 close affinity. 
 
 The majority of words in the English language, as now spoken, 
 and all the properly English ones, are from the Anglo-Saxon, and 
 include the more common, homely, and familiar words ; as, come, 
 go, can, will, good, see, hear, above, home, bad. The others are, 
 directly or indirectly, mostly from the Latin or the language of 
 the ancient Romans, while the rest are from the Celtic, French, 
 German, and Scandinavian languages, along with the Greek, which 
 supplies the language with nearly all its scientific terms. Latin 
 words were introduced partly by the Romans themselves, but 
 mainly by the clergy of the Romish Church after Christianity was 
 established, and by learned men after the revival of the study of 
 the ancient languages in the 15th and 16th centuries. French 
 words were added by the Normans after the Conquest, and relate 
 to feudalism, law, the church, the chase, and cuisine. The intro- 
 duction of Greek words connects itself with the rise and extension 
 of scientific discovery. About the beginning of the 17th century, 
 in the reign of James I., our language had already begun to assume 
 the form in which we now find it, and is from that date entitled 
 to be called the English language. 
 
 From the time when the Bible was translated into English, 
 and, by being printed, spread among the people ; when the Book 
 of Common Prayer was compiled, and, along with the Bible, read to 
 
Origin, Composition, and derivation 
 
 the people in churches ; and when great writers, such as Spenser, 
 Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, Bacon, and Milton, began to publish 
 their immortal works in the every-day speech of the country, the 
 language may be said to have become fixed ; for, although numerous 
 Greek and Latin words have been introduced since then to supply 
 new terms required by the rapid extension of the arts and sciences, 
 the language itself has, in its genius and form, undergone no 
 material change. It is, in all essential particulars, the same as 
 when it first took shape in the days of Queen Elizabeth, and her 
 successor, James. 
 
 There are four periods in the history of the English language : 
 (i.) The Anglo-Saxon, or old English, from 450 to 1100, when the 
 vocabulary was Saxon and the words were largely inflected ; (2.) 
 The Early English, from n 00 to 1250, when French words began 
 to appear and inflections to disappear or become confused ; (3.) 
 The Middle English, from 1250 to 1485, when inflections in many 
 cases disappear altogether, and French, which had been intro- 
 duced, began to yield to it ; (4.) The Modern English, from 1485 
 to the present time. 
 
Principles of Grammar 
 
 Grammar, or the art of speaking, reading, and writing correctly, 
 comprises four main divisions: 
 
 1. Orthography, which treats of letters, syllables, separate words, 
 and spelling. 
 
 2. Etymology, which treats of the different parts of speech, with 
 their classes and modifications. 
 
 3. Syntax, which treats of the relation, agreement, government, and 
 arrangement, of words in sentences. 
 
 4. Prosody, which treats of punctuation, utterance, figures, and 
 verification. 
 
 1. ORTHOGRAPHY OR SPELLING 
 
 Orthography is the art of correct spelling, and is of essential impor- 
 tance in the study of the English language. It cannot be acquired entirely 
 by means of rules, for the requisite number would be an impossible 
 burden for the memory; nor is learning the spelling of words by rote a 
 more practicable method. But there are a few general rules, easily 
 remembered, and given below, attention to which will undoubtedly pre- 
 vent any person's writing being much disfigured by bad spelling. 
 
 The following words ought to be begun with capital letters: — The 
 first word of every sentence; the first word of every line of poetry; names 
 of the Supreme Being; proper nouns; adjectives derived from proper 
 nouns; the names of the days of the week, of holidays, and of the months; 
 the pronoun I; and any leading name in the sentence which the author 
 desires to make emphatic. 
 
 When a word ending in silent e receives an augment (an increase) 
 beginning with a vowel, the e is omitted; as, give, giving; sense, sensible; 
 ■fame, famous; cure, curable. The e is changed into i before fy and ty; 
 as pure, purity, purify; active, activity. When the silent e is preceded by 
 v, c, or g soft, it is usually retained before able and ous; as move, move- 
 able, peace, peaceable; courage, courageous. The e is also retained before 
 ful, less, ly, ment, ness, some, ty ; as peaceful, nameless, wisely, excite- 
 ment, whiteness, wholesome, surety. 
 
 It is an established rule in the English language, that words which 
 end with the vowel e, and lengthen the sound of a preceding vowel (as 
 in file, write, endure,) should drop the e on receiving a termination and 
 becoming a derivative, if that termination begin with a vowel (as er, ed, 
 ing, ance). Thus file — filer, not fileer, filing; endure, enduring, endur- 
 ance, not endureance. But in cases where the e affects the sound of a 
 preceding consonant it forms an exception: as in a word with a soft g, 
 or where, in juxtaposition with another e, it forms one long vowel; thus, 
 singe, singeing; see, seeing. 
 
Principles of Grammar. 
 
 Monosyllabic words ending in a single consonant, not preceded by a 
 long vowel, and words of more than one syllable ending in a single 
 accented consonant, and of course not preceded by a long vowel, double 
 the final consonant in all the derivatives which are formed by a termina- 
 tion beginning with a vowel; as fit, fitted, fitteth, fitting; bar, barred, 
 barreth; abet, abetted; compel, compelled. Without this doubling of the 
 final consonant, the vowel in the accented syllable of the primitive word 
 (that is the e in abet) would be pronounced wrong in the derivative 
 (abetted, etc.), namely, with its long sound — fited, bared, abeted. Hence 
 the reason why verbs having the long sound of a vowel do not double the 
 last consonant; as feared, defiled, bloated. 
 
 Words ending in a single consonant, but not having the accent on 
 the last syllable, do not double the final consonant in derivatives; as 
 limit, limited; civil, civiZity; enter, entered. 
 
 A word ending in II usually drops one I on becoming part of a com- 
 pound word; as all, always; fill, fulfil; full, fruitful; till, until. But 
 there are some exceptions to this rule; as recall, refill, uphill; which 
 retain the orthography of their monosyllabic roots. 
 
 Words ending in y, preceded by a consonant, change the y into i on 
 receiving an augment; as holy, holier; happy, happiness; pity, pitied. 
 Exceptions — before ing, ish, and s, the y is retained; as flying, babyish, 
 for pity's sake; also in dryness, slyly, shyness. 
 
 When the y is preceded by a vowel, it is retained; as boy, boyish; 
 day, days; joy, joyful. Exceptions-^Oaiety, said, paid, laid, 
 
 2. ETYMOLOGY OR PARTS OF SPEECH 
 Their Grammatical Significations and Abbreviations. 
 
 The words that constitute our language are classified under eight 
 different heads, called "parts of speech"; and, independently of the 
 articles a, an and the, consist of the Noun, the Adjective, the Pronoun, 
 the Verb, the Adverb, the Preposition, the Conjunction and the Inteb- 
 jection; and each word in the Dictionary is referred to one or other of 
 these categories according to the functions, thus: — 
 n. representing noun or substantive. adv. representing adverb, 
 adj. adjective. prep. " preposition, 
 
 pron. " pronoun. conj. " conjunction, 
 
 v. " verb. interj. " interjection. 
 
 As the first four parts of speech vary in inflection or otherwise, these 
 changes are indicated thus: — 
 
 verb-transitive. 
 
 verb-neuter or intransitive. 
 
 participial adjective. 
 
 past participle. 
 
 present participle. 
 
 past tense. 
 
 To one or other of the above Parts of Speech each of the many thou- 
 sand words of which our language is composed belongs, and the same 
 word may belong to this or that division, according to its function in a 
 sentence. Thus, a word is a Noun or Substantive when it names a thing, 
 whether that be a substance or an abstraction, being called a noun as 
 naming, and a substantive as capable of qualification. An Adjective 
 
 v.t. 
 
 representing 
 
 v. i. 
 
 " 
 
 p. adj. 
 
 << 
 
 p.p. 
 
 n 
 
 p.pr. 
 
 " 
 
 p.t. 
 
 <( 
 
Principles of Grammar. 
 
 (from the Latin adjectum) is a word "added to" a substantive to qualify 
 it in some way, and in general at once amplify its meaning and limit its 
 application. A Pronoun (from the Latin pro nomine) is a word used 
 "in place of a noun" to avoid its repetition, as well as to indicate certain 
 rhetorical relations or logical connections. The Vebb (from the Latin 
 verbum) is "the word" of a sentence, and that which makes the assertion, 
 as well as asks a question or expresses a command, and is here called 
 active when it is transitive, and neuter (i. e., neither active nor passive) 
 when it is not. An Advebb (from the Latin ad verbum) is a word 
 properly appended "to a verb" to express some modifying circumstance 
 of place, time, manner or cause regarding it, but is also used to qualify 
 attributive words like adjectives as well as verbs. The Preposition 
 (from the Latin praepositum) is a word "placed before" a noun or pro- 
 noun to show its relation to some other word in the sentence, and was 
 originally expressive, for most part, of place-relation. The Conjunction 
 (from the Latin conjunctio) is a word used to "join together" sentences 
 or clauses of sentences, and to indicate the relation in which these stand 
 to each other. The Intebjection (from the Latin inter jectum) is an 
 abrupt exclamation "thrown between" the words of a sentence to express 
 some related emotion on the part of the speaker. On referring to the 
 Dictionary, the student will find many words which are of different parts 
 of speech, and verbs which are both active and neuter, according to the 
 senses in which they are used; but these are all clearly distinguished, 
 and the definitions given accordingly. 
 
 3. SYNTAX 
 
 Syntax treats of the manner of connecting words into regular sen- 
 tences by relation, agreement, government, and arrangement. 
 
 The relation of words is their dependence, or direct conformity to all 
 and to each other, according to sense. 
 
 The agreement of words is their similarity in person, number, 
 gender, case, mood, tense, or form. 
 
 The government of words is the power of one word over another to 
 make it assume some particular modification. Government has respect 
 only to nouns, pronouns, verbs, and prepositions, the last governing but 
 not being governed; the other four parts of speech neither govern nor 
 are governed. In parsing, the rules of government are not applied to 
 the governing words, but to those which are governed. 
 
 The arrangement of words is their disposition, or relative position 
 in a sentence, and this is an important part of syntax, in which not only 
 the beauty but the propriety of language is intimately concerned, and to 
 which particular attention is paid in correct composition. 
 
 The principles of analysis or parsing are more fundamental than the 
 technical considerations which form the groundwork of syntactical rules, 
 and relate to the resolving or explaining of a sentence, or of some related 
 word or words, according to the definitions and rules of grammar. 
 Snytax refers to those principles and rules which serve as guides in the 
 construction of sentences. Snytactical rules are limited to the construc- 
 tion of sentences, as separate portions of discourse. The consideration 
 of principles and rules regulating the combination of sentences into para- 
 graphs, and these again into particular kinds of composition, is not com- 
 prised in the subject of grammar, but falls within the province of its 
 kindred arts, rhetoric and logic. 
 
Principles of Grammar. 
 
 A long-established general rule and comprehensive canon of syntax 
 is the following: 
 
 "In the formation of sentences, the consistency and adaptation of all 
 the words should be carefully observed; and a regular, clear and cor- 
 respondent construction should be preserved throughout." 
 
 4. PROSODY 
 Prosody treats of punctuation, utterance, figures, and versification. 
 
 PUNCTUATION 
 
 Punctuation is the art of pointing written composition in such a 
 manner as may naturally lead to its proper meaning, construction, and 
 delivery; and it thus indicates the several pauses, or rests, between sen- 
 tences, and parts of sentences, according to their proper quantity or pro- 
 portion, as they are expressed in just and accurate pronunciation. 
 
 The following are the principal stops or pauses in a sentence, viz., 
 the comma (,), the semicolon (;), the colon (:), the period, or full point 
 (.), the note of admiration or exclamation (!), and the note of interro- 
 gation (?). 
 
 The comma (,) is a pause in reading, or slight break in sense, and is 
 mostly used to distinguish nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; as, "It 
 is very difficult to make fine pictures, handsome statues, good music, 
 good verses." It likewise prevents ambiguity in the sense: as, "Episto- 
 lary writing, by which a great part of the commerce of human life is 
 carried on, was esteemed by the Romans a liberal and polite accomplish- 
 ment." When an address is made to a person, answering to the vocative 
 case in Latin, a comma is placed before and after the noun: as, "Com- 
 mune with thyself, O man, and consider wherefore thou wast made." 
 
 The semicolon ( ; ) is a pause somewhat longer than the comma, and 
 is used to distinguish the different members or parts of a sentence: as, 
 "A vain hope flattereth the heart of a fool; but he who is wise pursueth 
 it not. Be grateful to thy father, for he gave thee life; and to thy 
 mother, for she sustained thee." 
 
 The colon (:) is a pause in reading of still greater length, and 
 shows the preceding sentence to be perfect and entire, only that some 
 remark, further illustration, or other matter connected therewith, is 
 subjoined: as, "He who giveth away his treasure wisely, giveth away his 
 plagues: he who retaineth its increase, heapeth up sorrow." 
 
 The period, or full point (.), indicates a complete or temporary rest 
 of the voice, and denotes a full and perfect sentence, which is always dis- 
 tinguished by this point: as, "A noble spirit disdaineth the malice of for- 
 tune. His greatness of soul is not to be cast down." 
 
 The note of admiration (!) is used to express wonder, or exclama- 
 tion: as, "Who art thou, O man! who presumest on thine own wisdom?" 
 
 The note of interrogation (?) is used to show when a question is 
 asked: as, "What day of the month is this?" It likewise distinguishes a 
 real question from a sentence in the imperative mood: as, "Do you hear 
 me?" 
 
 Besides the above points, there are other marks made use of in books 
 and writing as references, or to point out something remarkable or 
 defective: as, 
 
 Accent (') placed over a vowel, or the last consonant of a syllable, 
 
Principles of Grammar. 
 
 shows the stress of the voice, in pronouncing a word, to be on that 
 syllable over or immediately before whichi it is placed. 
 
 Apostrophe ('), is a comma placed over a word, to denote the omis- 
 sion of a letter, for the sake of a quicker pronounciation : as, plac'd for 
 placed, ne'er for never. 
 
 Asterism, or asterisk (*) a star, and Parallel (|J), direct to some 
 note at the foot of the page. 
 
 Obelisk or Dagger (f), refers likewise to some note in the margin, 
 &c; and in dictionaries it commonly shows the word to be obsolete. 
 
 The Index, or Hand ($&&*), points to some very remarkable passage. 
 
 Breve {*-) over a vowel, denotes that it sounds short. 
 
 Circumflex ( A ), or (""-), is placed over a vowel to denote a long syl- 
 lable: as, Euphrates, or Euphrates. 
 
 Diaeresis (**), consists of two points placed over one of two conjoin- 
 ing vowels, thus dividing them into two syllables: as, aerial. 
 
 Hyphen (-), is a short line to join syllables or words together. 
 
 Parenthesis, marked thus ( ), serves to include a sentence which 
 might be omitted, without any prejudice to the general meaning; not- 
 withstanding it may be necessary for the explanation thereof: as, "Par- 
 don me (added she, embracing me), I now believe what you say." 
 
 Dash ( — ), is used when the sense breaks off abruptly, or is tem- 
 porarily suspended and continued after a short interruption. A double 
 dash, at beginning and end of an introduced phrase, is now frequently 
 employed in place of the parenthesis. 
 
 Bracket, or Crotchet, thus [ ], includes such a word from the sentence 
 as serves to explain the word immediately preceding: as, "A treatise of 
 [concerning] English Grammar." 
 
 Paragraph ( ^ ) , denotes the beginning of a new subject. The 
 
 pause here may be greater than a period. 
 
 Section (§), is used to divide a chapter into less particular argu- 
 ments. 
 
 Ellipsis, marked thus ( ), or ( ), denotes that part of a word 
 
 is left out: as, K g, for King. 
 
 Caret ( a ) . is placed underneath a line to show that some letter, 
 word or sentence is left out by mistake, and must be inserted exactly in 
 that place. 
 
 Quotation ("), is a double comma reversed at the beginning of a line, 
 which shows that a passage is quoted, or transcribed, from some author 
 in his own words. 
 
 Utterance, or the art of vocal expression, includes the principles of 
 pronunciation and elocution. 
 
 Pronunciation, as distinguished from elocution, is the utterance of 
 words taken separately, and requires a knowledge of the just powers of 
 the letters in all their combinations, and of the force and seat of the 
 accent. The just powers of the letters are those sounds which are given 
 to them by the best readers. Accent is the peculiar stress laid upon some 
 particular syllable of a word, whereby that syllable is distinguished 
 from the rest. Every word of more than one syllable has one of its 
 syllables accented. When the word is long, for the sake of harmony or 
 distinctness, a secondary or less forcible accent is often given to another 
 syllable. 
 
 A full and open pronunciation of the long vowel sounds, a clear 
 articulation of thie consonants, a forcible and well-placed accent, and a 
 
Principles of Grammar. 
 
 distinct utterance of the unaccented syllables, distinguish the elegant 
 speaker. 
 
 Elocution is the utterance of words that are arranged into sentences, 
 and form discourse. * 
 
 Elocution requires a knowledge and right application of emphasis, 
 pauses, inflections and tones. Emphasis is the peculiar stress of voice 
 which is laid upon some particular word or words in a sentence, thereby 
 distinguishing them from the rest as being more especially significant. 
 Pauses are cessations in utterance, which serve equally to relieve the 
 speaker and to render language intelligible and pleasing. The duration 
 of the pauses should be proportionate to the degree of connection between 
 the parts of the discourse. Inflections are those peculiar variations of 
 the human voice by which a continuous sound is made to pass from one 
 note, key or pitch into another. The passage of the voice from a lower 
 to a higher note is called the rising or upward inflection, and the con- 
 trary, the falling or downward inflection. An example of the rising 
 inflection is: "Do you mean to go?"; of the falling inflection, "When will 
 you go?" Questions that may be answered by yes or no require the 
 rising inflection; those that demand any other answer must be uttered 
 with the falling inflection. Tones are those modulations of the voice 
 which depend upon the feelings of the speaker, and are what Sheridan 
 denominates "the language of emotions." It is of the utmost importance 
 that they be natural, unaffected and rightly adapted to the subject and 
 to the occasion; for upon them, in a great measure, depends all that is 
 pleasing or interesting in elocution. 
 
 Figubes, in grammar, are intentional deviations from the ordinary 
 spelling, formation, construction or application of words, and are known 
 as figures of orthography, of etymology, of syntax, and of rhetoric. When 
 figures are judiciously employed they both strengthen and adorn expres- 
 sion. They occur more frequently in poetry than in prose; and several 
 of them are merely poetic licenses. 
 
 VERSIFICATION 
 
 Versification is the arrangement of a certain number of syllables 
 according to certain laws established in a language by frequent repetition, 
 the harmony of which consists in a pleasing variety of accented and unac- 
 cented syllables, which, connected, form a foot. They are called feet, 
 because it is by their aid that the voice, as it were, steps along through 
 the verse, in a measured pace: and it is necessary that the syllables, 
 which mark this regular movement of the voice, should, in some manner, 
 be distinguished from the others. This distinction was made among the 
 Greeks and Romans, by dividing their syllables into long and short, and 
 ascertaining the quantity by an exact proportion of time in sounding 
 them; the long being to the short as two to one, and the long syllables, 
 being thus the more important, marked the movement. In English, syl- 
 lables are divided into accented and unaccented; and the accented sylla- 
 bles, being as strongly distinguished from the unaccented, by the peculiar 
 stress of the voice upon them, are equally capable of marking the move- 
 ment, and pointing out the regular paces of the voice, as the long syllables 
 were, by their quantity, among the ancients. 
 
 All feet used in poetry consist either of two or of three syllables, and 
 are reducible to eight kinds; four of two syllables, viz. a Trochee, an 
 
Principles of Grammar. 
 
 Iambus, a Spondee, a Pyrrhic; and four of three syllables, viz. a Dactyl, 
 an Amphibrach, an Anapaest, and a Tribrach. 
 
 A Trochee has the first syllable accented, and the last unaccented; 
 as, "Hateful, pettish." 
 
 An Iambus has the first syllable unaccented, and the last accented; 
 as, "Betray, consist." 
 
 A Spondee has both the words or syllables accented. No word of two 
 syllables is without an accent, or with a double one in English; as, "The 
 pale moon." 
 
 A Pyrrhic has both the words or syllables unaccented; as, "on the tall 
 tree." 
 
 A Dactyl has the first syllable accented, and the two latter unac- 
 cented; as, "Laborer, pos'sible." 
 
 An Amphibrach has the first and last syllables unaccented; and the 
 middle one accented; as, "Deli'ghtful, domestic." 
 
 An Anapwst has the first two syllables unaccented, and the last ac- 
 cented; as, "Contravene, acquiesce." 
 
 A Tribrach has three syllables unaccented; as, "Numerable, conquer- 
 able." 
 
 Some of these feet may be denominated principal feet; as pieces of 
 poetry may be wholly or chiefly formed of any of them. Such are the 
 Trochee, Iambus, Dactyl, and Anapaest, which we shall endeavor to ex- 
 plain. The others may be termed secondary feet; because their chief use 
 is to diversify the numbers, and to improve the verse. * 
 
 Iambic verses may be divided into 
 several species, according to the 
 number of feet or syllables of which 
 they are composed. 
 
 The first form of our Iambic 
 which we shall notice is too short 
 to be continued through any great 
 number of lines. It consists of two 
 Iambuses. 
 
 What place is here! 
 What scenes appear! 
 To me the rose 
 No longer glows. 
 
 The second form consists of three 
 Iambuses. 
 
 In places far or near, 
 Or famous or obscure, 
 where wholesome is the air, 
 Or where the most impure. 
 
 The third form is made up of four 
 Iambuses. 
 
 And may at last my weary age, 
 
 Find out the peaceful hermitage. 
 
 The fourth species of English Tbochaic verse is of several 
 Iambic consists of five Iambuses. kinds. 
 
 How lov'd, how valii'd once, avails 
 
 thee not, 
 To whom related, or by whom begot: 
 A heap of dust alone remains of 
 
 thee: 
 'Tis all thou art, and all the proud 
 
 shall be. 
 This is called the Heroic measure. 
 In its simplest form it consists of 
 five Iambuses; but by the admission 
 of other feet, as Trochees, Dactyls, 
 Anapaests, etc., it is capable of many 
 varieties. 
 
 The sixth form of our Iambic is 
 commonly called the Alexandrine 
 measure. It consists of six Iam- 
 buses. 
 
 For thdu art but of dust; be humble 
 and be wise. 
 
 In all these measures the accents 
 are to be placed on even syllables; 
 and every line considered by itself 
 is, in general, more melodious, as 
 this rule is more strictly observed. 
 
Principles of Grammar. 
 
 Lay a shepherd swain, and view'd 
 the rolling billow. 
 In all these trochaic measures the 
 accent is to be placed on the odd 
 syllables. 
 
 Of the Dactylic measure we shall 
 give only one example: 
 From the low pleasures of this 
 
 fallen nature 
 Rise we to higher, &c. 
 
 The shortest Trochaic verse in 
 our language consists of one Tro- 
 chee and a long syllable; but this 
 measure is defective in dignity, and 
 can seldom be used. 
 
 The second English form of the 
 Trochaic consists of two feet: 
 On the mountain 
 By a fountain. 
 It sometimes contains two feet or 
 trochees, and an additional long 
 syllable; as, 
 
 In the days of old 
 Fables plainly told. 
 
 The third species consists of three 
 trochees; as, 
 
 When our hearts are mourning; 
 or of three trochees with an addi- 
 tional long syllable; as, 
 Restless mSrtals toil for nought; 
 Bliss in vain from earth is sought. 
 
 The fourth Trochaic species con- 
 sists of four_ trochees; as, 
 Round us roars the tempest louder. 
 
 The fifth Trochaic species is un- 
 common. It is composed of five 
 trochees. 
 
 All that walk on foot or ride in 
 chariots, 
 All that dwell in palaces or gar- 
 rets. 
 
 The sixth form of the English 
 trochaic consists of six trochees; as, 
 On a mountain, stretch'd beneath a 
 hoary willow, 
 
 The preceding are the different kinds of the principal feet, in their 
 more simple forms. They are capable of numerous variations by the 
 intermixture of those feet with each other, and by the admission of the 
 secondary feet by which two short vowels coalesce into one syllable, as 
 question, special; or when a word is contracted by the expulsion of a 
 short vowel before a liquid, as av'rice, temp'rance, &c. 
 
 Anapaestic verses are divided into 
 several species, the first and sim- 
 plest of which is made up of two 
 anapaests; as, 
 
 But his courage 'gan fail, 
 For no arts could avail. 
 
 The second species consists of 
 three anapaests. 
 
 ye w5ods, spread your branches 
 
 apace; 
 To your deepest recesses I fly; 
 
 1 would hide with the beasts of the 
 
 chase; 
 
 I would vanish from every eye. 
 
 This is a very pleasing measure, 
 and much used, both in solemn and 
 cheerful subjects. 
 
 The third kind of the English 
 anapaest consists of four anapaests. 
 May I govern my passions with 
 
 > absolute sway, 
 And grow wiser and better as life 
 wears away. 
 
Simplified Spelling 
 
 Twenty Classes and Three Hundred Words 
 
 The Simplified Spelling Board, in Circular No. 2, issued March 21, 
 1906, mentions twenty distinguishable classes of words, and includes a 
 list of three hundred common words spelled in two ways, of which the 
 Board says: "choose thie simpler spelling." 
 
 The twenty distinguishable classes of words, arranged in the alpha- 
 betical order of the letters or affixes affected, are as follows: 
 
 1. Words spelled with ae or e. Rule: Choose e. Ex.: Anesthetic, 
 esthetic, medieval, etc. 
 
 2. Words spelled with -dge-ment or -dg-ment. Rule: Omit e. Ex.: 
 Abridgment, acknowledgment, judgment, lodgment. 
 
 3. Words spelled with -ed or -t, the preceding single consonant being 
 doubled before -ed (-pped, -ssed) and left single before -t (-pt, -st). Rule: 
 Choose -t in all cases. Ex.: dipt, dript, dropt, stept, stopt, etc., blest, 
 prest, distrest, mist, etc.. blusht, husht, washt, etc. 
 
 (Forms like these, being inflections, are commonly omitted in the 
 dictionary lists of words spelled in two or more ways, but they are gen- 
 uine historical spellings and cannot be ignored. Some are very ancient 
 (for example, kist is Anglo-Saxon cyste, and mist is Anglo-Saxon miste), 
 and all are frequent and normal in English literature from Spenser, 
 Shakespeare, and Milton to Tennyson and Lowell. For example, Milton 
 has compast, languisht, vanquisht, admonisht, astonisht, diminisht, 
 polisht, worshipt, supt, ceast, linkt, matcht, scorcht, etc. — Simplified 
 Spelling Board.) 
 
 4. Words spelled with -ence or -ense (Latin -ens-a). Rule: Choose 
 -ense. Ex.: Defense, offense, pretense. 
 
 5. Words spelled with -ette or -et. Rule : Omit -te. Ex. : Coquet, 
 epaulet, etiquet, omelet, etc. 
 
 6. Words spelled with gii or f. Rule: Choose f. Ex.: Draft. 
 
 7. Words spelled with -gh or without. (1) -ough or -ow. Rule: 
 Choose -ow. Ex.: Plow. (2) -ough or o. Rule: Choose -o. Ex.: Altho 
 (Bunyan), tho (Bunyan), thoro, -boro (in place names). 
 
 8. Words with the verb suffix, of Greek origin, spelled -ise or -ize. 
 Rule: Choose ize. Ex.: Catechise, criticize, exorcize, legalize, etc. 
 
 9. Words spelled with -ite or -tt. Rule: Omit e. Ex.: Deposit, 
 preterit. 
 
 10. Words spelled with -ll or -l (-ill or -il). Rule: Choose -l. Ex.: 
 Distil, fulfil, instil. 
 
 11. Words spelled with -ll-ness or -l-ness. Rule: Omit one l. Ex.: 
 Dulness, fulness. 
 
 12. Words spelled with- -mme or -m, Rule: Omit -me. Ex.: Oram, 
 program. 
 
Simplified Spelling. 
 
 13. Words spelled with oe or e. Rule: Choose e. Ex.: Ecumeni- 
 cal, esophagus. 
 
 14. Words spelled with -oub or -ob. Rule: Choose -ob. Ex.: Favor, 
 fervor, flavor, honor, labor, rigor, rumor, tenor, tumor, valor, vapor, 
 vigor. 
 
 15. Words spelled with ph or f. Rule: Choose -f. Ex.: Fantasm, 
 fantasy, fantom, sulfate, sulfur. 
 
 16.^ Words spelled with -bb or -b. Rule: Omit one b. Ex.: Bur, pur. 
 
 17. Words spelled with -be or -eb. Rule: Choose -eb. Ex.: Center, 
 meter, miter, niter, sepulcher, theater. 
 
 18. Words spelled with s or z (in the root). Rule: Choose z. Ex.: 
 Apprize, assize, comprize, raze, surprize, teazel. 
 
 19. Words spelled with s- or so. Rule: Omit c. Ex.: Simitar, sithe. 
 
 20. Words spelled with or without silent -ue. Rule: Omit -ue. Ex.: 
 Catalog, decalog, demagog, pedagog, prolog. 
 
 The three hundred common words spelled in two ways, arranged in 
 alphabetical order, are as follows: 
 
 SIMPLER (New) 
 abridgment 
 accouter 
 accurst 
 
 acknowledgment 
 addrest 
 adz 
 affixt 
 altho 
 anapest 
 anemia 
 anesthesia 
 anesthetic 
 antipyrin 
 antitoxin 
 apothem 
 apprize 
 arbor 
 
 archeology 
 ardor 
 armor 
 artizan 
 assize 
 ax 
 bans 
 bark 
 behavior 
 blest 
 blusht 
 brazen 
 brazier 
 bun 
 bur 
 
 caliber 
 caliper 
 candor 
 carest 
 catalog 
 catechize 
 center 
 chapt 
 check 
 checker 
 chimera 
 civilize 
 clamor 
 clangor 
 
 T.2. 
 
 OLD 
 
 SIMPLER 
 
 (New) OLD 
 
 abridgement 
 
 clapt 
 
 clapped 
 
 accoutre 
 
 claspt 
 
 clasped 
 
 accursed 
 
 dipt 
 
 clipped 
 
 acknowledgment 
 
 clue 
 
 clew 
 
 addressed 
 
 coeval 
 
 coaeval, coaeval 
 
 adze 
 
 color 
 
 colour 
 
 affixed 
 
 colter 
 
 coulter 
 
 although 
 
 commixt 
 
 commixed 
 
 anapaest, anapaest 
 
 comprest 
 
 compressed 
 
 anaemia, anaemia 
 
 comprize 
 
 comprise 
 
 anaesthesia, anses- 
 
 confest 
 
 confessed 
 
 anaesthetic, anaes- 
 
 controller 
 
 comptroller 
 
 antipyrine 
 
 coquet 
 
 coquette 
 
 antitoxine 
 
 criticize 
 
 criticise 
 
 apothegm, apophth- 
 
 cropt 
 
 cropped 
 
 apprise 
 
 crost 
 
 crossed 
 
 arbour 
 
 crusht 
 
 crushed 
 
 archaeology, archae- 
 
 cue 
 
 queue 
 
 ardour 
 
 curst 
 
 cursed 
 
 armour 
 
 cutlas 
 
 cutlass 
 
 artisan 
 
 cyclopedia 
 
 cyclopaedia, 
 
 assise 
 
 
 cyclopae- 
 
 axe 
 
 dactyl 
 
 dactyle 
 
 banns 
 
 dasht 
 
 dashed 
 
 barque 
 
 decalog 
 
 decalogue 
 
 behaviour 
 
 defense 
 
 defence 
 
 blessed 
 
 demagog 
 
 demagogue 
 
 blushed 
 
 demeanor 
 
 demeanour 
 
 brasen 
 
 deposit 
 
 deposite 
 
 brasier 
 
 deprest 
 
 depressed 
 
 bunn 
 
 develop 
 
 develope 
 
 burr 
 
 dieresis 
 
 diaeresis, diaeresis 
 
 calibre 
 
 dike 
 
 dyke 
 
 calliper 
 
 dipt 
 
 dipped 
 
 candour 
 
 discust 
 
 discussed 
 
 caressed 
 
 dispatch 
 
 despatch 
 
 catalogue 
 
 distil 
 
 distill 
 
 catechise 
 
 distrest 
 
 distressed 
 
 centre 
 
 dolor 
 
 dolour 
 
 chapped 
 
 domlcil 
 
 domicile 
 
 cheque 
 
 draft 
 
 draught 
 
 chequer 
 
 dram 
 
 drachm 
 
 chlmaera, chlmaera 
 
 drest 
 
 dressed 
 
 civilise 
 
 drlpt 
 
 dripped 
 
 clamour 
 
 droopt 
 
 drooped « 
 
 cfangour 
 
 dropt 
 
 dropped 
 
Simplified Spelling. 
 
 SIMPLER (New) 
 
 OLD 
 
 SIMPLER (New) 
 
 OLD 
 
 dulness 
 
 dullness 
 
 licorice 
 
 liquorice 
 
 ecumenical 
 
 oecumenical, oecu- 
 
 liter 
 
 litre 
 
 edile 
 
 aedile, sedile 
 
 lodgment 
 
 lodgement 
 
 eg is 
 
 aegis, aegis 
 
 lookt 
 
 looked 
 
 enamor 
 
 enamour 
 
 lopt 
 
 lopped 
 
 encyclopedia 
 
 encyclopaedia, 
 
 luster 
 
 lustre 
 
 
 -paedia 
 
 mama 
 
 mamma 
 
 endeavor 
 
 endeavour 
 
 maneuver 
 
 manoeuver, -oeuvre 
 
 envelop 
 
 envelope 
 
 materialize 
 
 materialise 
 
 Eolian 
 
 Aeolian, /Eolian 
 
 meager 
 
 meagre 
 
 eon 
 
 aeon, aeon 
 
 medieval 
 
 mediaeval, mediae- 
 
 epaulet 
 
 epaulette 
 
 meter 
 
 metre 
 
 eponym 
 
 eponyme 
 
 mist 
 
 missed 
 
 era 
 
 aera, aera 
 
 miter 
 
 mitre 
 
 esophagus 
 
 oesophagus, oesoph- 
 
 mixt 
 
 mixed 
 
 esthetic 
 
 aesthetic, aesthetic 
 
 mold 
 
 mould 
 
 esthetics 
 
 aesthetics, aesthetics 
 
 molder 
 
 moulder 
 
 estivate 
 
 aestivate, aestivate 
 
 molding 
 
 moulding 
 
 ether 
 
 aether, aether, 
 
 moldy 
 
 mouldy 
 
 etiology 
 
 aetiology, aetiology, 
 
 molt 
 
 moult 
 
 exorcize 
 
 exorcise 
 
 mullen 
 
 mullein 
 
 exprest 
 
 expressed 
 
 naturalize 
 
 naturalise 
 
 fagot 
 
 faggot 
 
 neighbor 
 
 neighbour 
 
 fantasm 
 
 phantasm 
 
 niter 
 
 nitre 
 
 fantasy 
 
 phantasy 
 
 nipt 
 
 nipped 
 
 fantom 
 
 phantom 
 
 ocher 
 
 ochre 
 
 favor 
 
 favour 
 
 odor 
 
 odour 
 
 favorite 
 
 favourite 
 
 offense 
 
 offence 
 
 fervor 
 
 fervour 
 
 omelet 
 
 omelette 
 
 fiber 
 
 fibre 
 
 opprest 
 
 oppressed 
 
 fixt 
 
 fixed 
 
 orthopedic 
 
 orthopaedic, -paedlc 
 
 flavor 
 
 flavour 
 
 paleography 
 
 palaeography, palae- 
 
 fulfil 
 
 fulfill 
 
 paleolithic 
 
 palaeolithic, palaeo- 
 
 fulness 
 
 fullness 
 
 paleontology 
 
 palaeontology, 
 
 gage 
 
 gauge 
 
 
 palaeontology 
 
 gazel 
 
 gazelle 
 
 paleozoic 
 
 palaeozoic, palaeo- 
 
 gelatin 
 
 gelatine 
 
 paraffin 
 
 paraffine 
 
 gild 
 
 guild 
 
 parlor 
 
 parlour 
 
 gipsy 
 
 gypsy 
 
 partizan 
 
 partisan 
 
 gloze 
 
 glose 
 
 past 
 
 passed 
 
 glycerin 
 
 glycerine 
 
 patronize 
 
 patronise 
 
 good-by 
 
 good-bye 
 
 pedagog 
 
 pedagogue, paeda- 
 
 gram 
 
 gramme 
 
 pedobaptlst 
 
 paedobaptist, paedo- 
 
 gript 
 
 gripped 
 
 phenix 
 
 phoenix, phoenix 
 
 harbor 
 
 harbour 
 
 phenomenon 
 
 phaenomenon, 
 
 harken 
 
 hearken 
 
 
 phaenomenon 
 
 heapt 
 
 heaped 
 
 pigmy 
 
 pygmy 
 
 hematin 
 
 haematin, haematin 
 
 plow 
 
 plough 
 
 hiccup 
 
 hiccough 
 
 polyp 
 
 polype 
 
 hock 
 
 hough 
 
 possest 
 
 possessed 
 
 homeopathy 
 
 homoeopathy, 
 
 practise, v. and n, 
 
 . practice 
 
 
 homoeopathy 
 
 prefixt 
 
 prefixed 
 
 homonym 
 
 homonyme 
 
 prenomen 
 
 praenomen, praeno- 
 
 honor 
 
 honour 
 
 prest 
 
 pressed 
 
 humor 
 
 humour 
 
 pretense 
 
 pretence 
 
 husht 
 
 hushed 
 
 preterit 
 
 praeterite, praeter- 
 
 hypotenuse 
 
 hypothenuse 
 
 pretermit 
 
 praetermit, praeter- 
 
 idolize 
 
 Idolise 
 
 primeval 
 
 prlmaeval, primae- 
 
 imprest 
 
 impressed 
 
 profest 
 
 professed 
 
 Instil 
 
 Instill 
 
 program 
 
 programme 
 
 jail 
 
 gaol 
 
 prolog 
 
 prologue 
 
 judgment 
 
 judgement 
 
 propt 
 
 propped 
 
 klst 
 
 kissed 
 
 pur 
 
 purr 
 
 labor 
 
 labour 
 
 quartet 
 
 quartette 
 
 lacrimal 
 
 lachrymal 
 
 questor 
 
 quaestor, quaestor 
 
 lapt 
 
 lapped 
 
 quintet 
 
 quintette 
 
 lasht 
 
 lashed 
 
 rancor 
 
 rancour 
 
 leapt 
 
 leaped 
 
 rapt 
 
 rapped 
 
 legalize 
 
 legalise 
 
 raze 
 
 rase 
 
 license 
 
 licence 
 
 recognize 
 
 recognise 
 
Simplified Spelling. 
 
 SIMPLER 
 
 (New) OLD 
 
 SIMPLEF 
 
 reconnoiter 
 
 reconnoitre 
 
 supprest 
 
 rigor 
 
 rigour 
 
 surprize 
 
 rime 
 
 rhyme 
 
 synonym 
 
 ript 
 
 ripped 
 
 tabor 
 
 rumor 
 
 rumour 
 
 tapt 
 
 saber 
 
 sabre 
 
 teazel 
 
 saltpeter 
 
 saltpetre 
 
 tenor 
 
 savior 
 
 saviour 
 
 theater 
 
 savor 
 
 savour 
 
 tho 
 
 scepter 
 
 sceptre 
 
 thoro 
 
 septet 
 
 septette 
 
 thorofare 
 
 sepulcher 
 
 sepulchre 
 
 thoroly 
 
 sextet 
 
 sextette 
 
 thru 
 
 silvan 
 
 sylvan 
 
 thruout 
 
 simitar 
 
 scimitar, clmlter, 
 
 tipt 
 
 
 etc. 
 
 topt 
 
 sipt 
 
 sipped 
 
 tost 
 
 sithe 
 
 scythe 
 
 transqrest 
 
 skilful 
 
 skillful 
 
 trapt 
 
 skipt 
 
 skipped 
 
 tript 
 
 slipt 
 
 slipped 
 
 tumor 
 
 smolder 
 
 smoulder 
 
 valor 
 
 snapt 
 
 snapped 
 
 vapor 
 
 somber 
 
 sombre 
 
 vext 
 
 specter 
 
 spectre 
 
 vigor 
 
 splendor 
 
 splendour 
 
 vizor 
 
 stedfast 
 
 steadfast 
 
 wagon 
 
 stept 
 
 stepped 
 
 washt • 
 
 stopt 
 
 stopped 
 
 whipt 
 
 strest 
 
 stressed 
 
 whisky 
 
 stript 
 
 stripped 
 
 wilful 
 
 subpena 
 
 subpoena, subpoena 
 
 winkt 
 
 succor 
 
 succour 
 
 wisht 
 
 suffixt 
 
 suffixed 
 
 wo 
 
 sulfate 
 
 sulphate 
 
 woful 
 
 sulfur 
 
 sulphur 
 
 woolen 
 
 sumac 
 
 sumach 
 
 wrapped 
 
 (New) OLD 
 
 suppressed 
 surprise 
 synonyme 
 tabour 
 tapped 
 
 teasel, teasle, teazle 
 tenour 
 theatre 
 though, tho' 
 thorough, thoro' 
 thoroughfare 
 thoroughly 
 through, thro', thro 
 throughout 
 tipped 
 topped 
 tossed 
 
 transgressed 
 trapped 
 tripped 
 tumour 
 valour 
 vapour 
 vexed 
 vigour 
 visor 
 waggon 
 washed 
 whipped 
 whiskey 
 willful 
 winked 
 wished 
 woe 
 woeful 
 ' woollen 
 wrapt 
 
Key to Pronunciation. 
 
 a as in fade, aid, eight , fore, wh^re. 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 aw 
 
 e 
 
 e 
 
 e 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 6 
 
 >> 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 66 
 
 oo 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 oi 
 
 ou 
 
 ch 
 
 g 
 
 kh 
 
 *g 
 th 
 
 th 
 
 sh 
 
 father, calm, half, form, laugh. 
 
 ask, dance, grasp, alas, sofo. 
 
 hat, had, ran, shall, parrot. 
 
 awl, fall, walk, war, aught, fought. 
 
 m^te, we, see, n^ar, marme, t*Vr. 
 
 h^r, author, bzrd, w^rd, murmur. 
 
 met, m^n, m^rry, kitchen, b#ry. 
 
 mzte, mine, h^zght, my. 
 
 fit, pzh, division, husy, abjyss. 
 
 h^me, L?ad, snow, tableau. 
 
 form, a?rd, orb, abh^r, cr^ss. 
 
 not, torrid, ^nt^gy, what. 
 
 m^n, m^ve, fomb, rzde. 
 
 hook, w^man, w^lf, full, ipush. 
 
 mute, zmion, new, hewn, yours, 
 
 hut, drum, dull, current. 
 
 oil, joy, oyster. 
 
 house, how, owl. 
 
 chwrch, much, match. 
 
 good, ^ive, di^-, dagger. 
 
 pibror^ (Scotch guttural sound). 
 
 ring, tongue, fu^tion, barck. 
 
 ^ine, those, breathe, 
 
 thin, worth, sympathy, 
 
 asure, fusion, provision. 
 
A a (a or a), indef. art. (contraction 
 of an) , one ; any : used before words 
 beginning with a consonant or the 
 sound of h. 
 
 abaca (ab'a-ka), n. manila hemp. 
 
 abacist (ab'a-sist), n. a calculator; 
 accountant. 
 
 aback (a-bak'), adv. backward; 
 pressed back against the mast : said 
 of sails ; by surprise. 
 
 abacus (ab'a-kus), n. a contrivance 
 of beads or balls strung upon rods 
 or wires : used for arithmetical com- 
 putation ; the slab crowning a col- 
 umn or pillar. 
 
 abaft (a-baff), adv. & prep, at, to- 
 wards, or in the direction of the 
 stern of a ship ; astern. 
 
 abaiser (a-ba'ser), n. bone black. 
 
 ab alone (ab-a-16'ne), n. a gastropod 
 having an ear-shaped shell. 
 
 abandon (a-ban'dun), v.t. to give 
 up ; desert or forsake utterly ; give 
 up all claim to; yield one's self: n. 
 unrestraint ; freedom of manner. 
 
 abandoned (a-ban'dund), adj. given 
 up entirely ; shamelessly profligate. 
 
 abandonment (a-ban'dun-ment), n. 
 the act of abandoning ; the state of 
 being abandoned ; freedom from re- 
 straint. 
 
 a-bas (a-ba'), [French] down with. 
 
 abase (a-bas'), v.t. to humble or de- 
 grade ; debase morally ; dishonor. 
 
 abasement (a-bas'ment), n. the act 
 of abasing or humiliating. 
 
 abash (a-bash'), v.t. to put to con- 
 fusion ; confound or make ashamed 
 by consciousness of guilt or error. 
 
 abatable (a-ba'ta-bl), adj. that may 
 be abated. 
 
 abate (a-bat'), v.t. to lessen; sup- 
 press : v. i. to decrease : moderate ; 
 subside. 
 
 abatement (a-bat'ment), n. the act 
 of abating; the state of being abat- 
 ed ; diminution ; the amount by 
 which a sum or quantity is reduced. 
 
 abatis, abattis (English ab'a-tis; 
 French (a-ba-te'), n. a barricade 
 composed of felled trees with the 
 branches pointing outward. 
 
 abattoir (a-bat-twar'), n. a public 
 slaughter-house. 
 
 abb (ab), n. the yarn of the warp in 
 weaving. 
 
 abba (ab'a & ab'a), n. father ; a title 
 of a bishop in the Syriac, Coptic, 
 and Ethiopic churches. 
 
 abbacy (ab'a-si), n. the office and 
 jurisdiction of an abbot. 
 
 abbe (a-ba'), n. an ecclesiastic de- 
 voted to literature. 
 
 abbess (ab'es), n. the lady-superior 
 of a convent or nunnery. 
 
 abbey (ab'i), n. [pi. abbeys (-iz)], 
 an establishment for religious devo- 
 tees of either sex, renounced to celib- 
 acy and seclusion from the world. 
 
 abbot (ab'ut), n. the superior or 
 head of an abbey. 
 
 abbreviate (ab-bre'vi-at), v.t. to 
 shorten, as by contraction of a word, 
 or the omission of words in a sen- 
 tence ; reduce a quantity to its low- 
 est terms. 
 
 abbreviation (ab-bre'vi-a'shun), n. 
 the act of shortening or abbreviat- 
 ing; the state of being abbreviated; 
 the word, phrase, or title so con- 
 tracted, as M.D. for Doctor of Medi- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bdon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
abb 
 
 abi 
 
 abbreviator (ab-bre'vi-a-ter), n. one 
 who shortens or abbreviates. 
 
 abbreviatory (ab-bre'vi-a-to-ri), adj. 
 abbreviating or contracting. 
 
 abbreviature (ab-bre'vi-a-tur), n. 
 the sign, letter, or character used 
 for contraction ; a compendium or 
 abridgment. 
 
 abdicant (ab'di-kant), adj. renounc- 
 ing ; abdicating : n. one who re- 
 nounces or abdicates. 
 
 abdicate (ab'di-kat), v.t. renounce, 
 give up, or withdraw from ; to re- 
 linquish the crown in favor of a 
 successor. 
 
 abdication (ab-di-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of relinquishment or resignation. 
 
 abdicator (ab'di-ka-ter), n. one who 
 abdicates or resigns. 
 
 abdomen (ab'do-men), n. the belly; 
 the cavity containing the digestive 
 apparatus or viscera ; the posterior 
 segment or third division of the body 
 of an insect. 
 
 abdominal (ab-dom'i-nal), adj. per- 
 taining to the abdomen. 
 
 abdominous (ab-dom'i-nus), adj. re- 
 lating to the abdomen ; large-bellied. 
 
 abduce (ab-dus'), v.t. to draw away 
 by persuasion or argument ; draw 
 aside by an abductor muscle. 
 
 abducent ( ab-dti'sent ) , n. that which 
 abducts: adj. pulling away from a 
 common center. 
 
 abduct (ab-dukt'), v.t. to carry off by 
 stealth or force ; kidnap. 
 
 abduction (ab-duk'shun), n. the act 
 of abducting or kidnapping. 
 
 abductor ( ab-duk'ter ) , n. one who, 
 or that which, abducts ; a muscle 
 moving certain parts from the axis 
 of a limb. 
 
 abeam (a-bem'), adv. at right angles 
 to the keel of a ship. 
 
 abecedarian (a-be-se-da'ri-an), or 
 abecedary, adj. belonging to the 
 alphabet : n. one teaching or learn- 
 ing the alpnabet. 
 
 abed (a-bed'), adv. in bed; to bed. 
 
 aberrant (ab-er'ant), adj. departing 
 from the usual path, type, or stand- 
 ard. 
 
 aberration (ab-er-ra'shun), n. the 
 act of departing from the usual 
 path, type, or standard ; mental de- 
 
 rangement; the unequal refraction 
 of rays of light from a lens so that 
 they do not converge' to a single 
 point. 
 
 aberuncator (ab-e-rung'ka-ter), n. 
 an instrument for weeding, and for 
 pruning trees. 
 
 abet (a-bet'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. abetted, 
 p.pr. abetting], to encourage; to aid 
 or assist in the performance of an 
 act, usually to a criminal nature ; 
 to incite, or instigate. 
 
 abetment (a-bet'ment), n. the act of 
 abetting or instigating to action or 
 crime. 
 
 abetter or abettor (a-bet'er), n. 
 one who aids or abets in the com- 
 mission of a crime ; one who pro- 
 tects a criminal or assists him to 
 escape from justice. 
 
 abeyance (a-ba'ans), n. held or kept 
 back ; held over ; a state of suspen- 
 sion. 
 
 abhor (ab-hor'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ab- 
 horred, p.pr. abhorring], to hate, 
 loathe, execrate, abominate; be 
 strongly averse to ; shrink or recoil 
 from with horror, dread, or disgust. 
 
 abhorrence (ab-hor'rens), n. detes- 
 tation ; extreme hatred ; that which 
 excites a feeling of strong repug- 
 nance. 
 
 abhorrent (ab-hor'rent), adj. detest- 
 able, hateful, repulsive. 
 
 abhorrer (ab-hor'rer), n. one who 
 abhors or detests. 
 
 abhorring (ab-h6r'ring), n. the feel- 
 ing of abhorrence ; the object of ab- 
 horrence. 
 
 abide (a-bid'), [p.t. & p.p. abode, 
 p.pr. abiding], v.t. to await, endure, 
 withstand, tolerate : v.i. to dwell, re- 
 side, continue, stand firm. 
 
 abider (a-bid'er), n. one who con- 
 tinues or resides ; a resident. 
 
 abiding (a-bi'ding), p.adj. remain- 
 ing ; staying ; steadfast, in faith or 
 in purpose. 
 
 abigail (ab'i-gal), n. a waiting-maid, 
 so called from Abigail, "thine hand- 
 maid" (I Sam. xxv. 2-41). 
 
 ability (a-bil'i-ti), n. power to per- 
 form ; skill to achieve ; capability 
 for carrying out ; capacity to devise, 
 receive, retain, or make use of; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
abi 
 
 abo 
 
 physical or moral strength ; talents 
 or gifts, in a special or general de- 
 gree ; wealth ; means. 
 
 abintestate (ab-in-tes'tat), adj. suc- 
 ceeding to the estate of a person 
 dying without a will. 
 
 abiogenesis (ab-i-5-jen'e-sis), n. 
 spontaneous generation. 
 
 abiogenous (ab-i-oj'en-us) , adj. re- 
 sulting from spontaneous generation. 
 
 abject (ab'jekt), adj. worthless; 
 mean ; low ; despicable ; in a sunken 
 or degraded condition. 
 
 abjection (ab-jek'shun), n. the act 
 of being cast down ; cast away ; deg- 
 radation. 
 
 abjuration (ab-ju-ra'shun), n. an 
 oath of renunciation, as of allegi- 
 ance ; the act of renouncing. 
 
 abjure (ab-jur'), v.t. to renounce 
 upon oath ; forswear allegiance to ; 
 repudiate or recant. 
 
 ablactation (ab-lak-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of weaning a child from the 
 breast. 
 
 ablation (ab-la'shun), n. the act of 
 removal or carrying away. 
 
 ablatitious (ab-la-tish'us), adj. hav- 
 ing the quality of carrying away. 
 
 ablative (ab'la-tiv), n. one of the 
 cases of Latin nouns, expressing 
 chiefly separation and instrumental- 
 ity. 
 
 ablaze (a-blaV), adv. or adj. on fire; 
 well alight ; in a blaze ; eager ; in- 
 flamed with desire ; resplendent. 
 
 able (a'bl), adj. possessed of power, 
 means, or ability ; qualified, compe- 
 tent ; bodily or mentally strong ; 
 legally authorized or entitled. 
 
 able-bodied (bod'id), adj. possessed 
 of physical strength ; capable or effi- 
 cient for duty. 
 
 ablegate (ab'le-gat), n. the envoy 
 sent by the Pope with insignia, &c, 
 to newly-appointed cardinals. 
 
 abloom (a-bloom'), adv. & adj. in 
 bloom. 
 
 abluent (ab'lu-ent), adj. cleansing: 
 n. that which cleanses ; a substance 
 which purifies the blood. 
 
 ablution (ab-hi'shun), n. a washing 
 or cleansing of the body by water ; 
 moral purification. 
 
 ablutionary (ab-lu'shun-a-ri), adj. 
 pertaining to cleansing. 
 
 abnegate (ab'ne-gat), v.t. to refuse 
 or deny to one's self. 
 
 abnormal (ab-nor'mal), adj. irregu- 
 lar ; deformed ; unnatural ; depart- 
 ing from a type, standard, or rule ; 
 exceptional ; out of the common. 
 
 abnormality ( ab-nor-mal'i-ti ) , n. 
 [pi. abnormalities (-tiz)], the state 
 or condition of being abnormal or 
 irregular ; difference or departure 
 from a regular type or rule. 
 
 abnormally (-li), adv. in an abnor- 
 mal manner. 
 
 abnormity (ab-nor'mi-ti), n. [pi. 
 abnormities (-tiz)], deformity; ir- 
 regularity. 
 
 aboard (a-bord'), adv. on or within 
 a vessel: prep, into a ship. 
 
 abode (a-bod'), n. a place of contin- 
 ued residence ; a dwelling ; a hab- 
 itation ; residence generally. 
 
 abolish (a-bol'ish), v.t. to efface; do 
 away with ; put an end to. 
 
 abolition (ab-o-lish'un), n. the act 
 of abolishing ; the state of being 
 abolished ; the annulment or abro- 
 gation of decrees, rites, customs, &c. 
 
 abolitionism (ab-o-lish'un-izm), n. 
 the doctrine or principles of those 
 advocating the abolition of certain 
 laws or customs, as the traffic in 
 drink, slaves, &c. 
 
 abolitionist (ab-o-lish'un-ist), n. 
 one who is in favor of the repeal or 
 abolition of some existing law or 
 custom, as the slave trade or drink 
 traffic. 
 
 aboma (a-bo'ma), n. the name of a 
 large species of boa or anaconda of 
 tropical America. 
 
 abominable (a-bom'i-na-bl), adj. 
 hateful ; odious ; offensive ; unclean. 
 
 abominate (a-bom'i-nat), v.t. to ab- 
 hor ; regard with feelings of disgust 
 or hatred. 
 
 abomination (a-bom-i-na'shun), n. 
 excessive hatred; the act of abomi- 
 nating; the thing abominated; de- 
 filement ; pollution. 
 
 aboriginal (ab-o-rij'i-nal), adj. orig- 
 inal ; primitive ; existing from the 
 beginning : n. the species of animals 
 or plants presumed to have orig- 
 inated within a given area. 
 
 aborigines (ab-o-rij'i-nez), n.pl. the 
 first or primitive inhabitants of a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
alio 
 
 abs 
 
 country ; the native or indigenous 
 animals or plants of any geograph- 
 ical area. 
 
 abort (a-bort'), v.i. to miscarry in 
 birth ; to remain undeveloped. 
 
 aborted (a-bor'ted), p. adj. prema- 
 turely born ; checked or arrested in 
 development ; functionally imper- 
 fect. 
 
 abortion (a-bor'shun), n. untimely 
 birth ; miscarriage ; that which falls 
 short of maturity by arrest of de- 
 velopment. 
 
 abortionist (a-bor'shun-ist), n. one 
 who is guilty of the crime of pro- 
 curing a criminal abortion, or who 
 induces abortion. 
 
 abortive (a-bor'tiv), adj. .born im- 
 perfect ; arrested in development ; 
 without issue or result. 
 
 abound (a-bound'), v.i. to have in 
 plenty or abundance ; to exist in 
 great numbers or quantity (followed 
 by in or with). 
 
 about (a-bouf), adv. around; on 
 every side ; circuitously ; near to ; 
 intending ; prep, concerned in ; re- 
 lating to. 
 
 above (a-buv')» adv. in a higher 
 place ; overhead ; in heaven ; before ; 
 besides : prep, superior ; beyond ; in 
 excess of. 
 
 aboveboard (a-buv'bord) , adj. & adv. 
 in open sight ; without trickery. 
 
 abradant (ab-ra'dant), adj. having 
 the property of rubbing away : n. 
 substance employed for abrading or 
 scouring. 
 
 abrade (ab-rad'), v.t. to wear or rub 
 away; to remove as by friction or 
 abrasion ; to corrode, as by acids. 
 
 abrasion (ab-ra'zhun), n. the act of 
 wearing or rubbing away ; a chafe. 
 
 abreast ( a-brest' ) , adv. side by side ; 
 in line with ; opposite to ; at the 
 same level. 
 
 abridge (a-brij'), v.t. to curtail, 
 shorten, condense, eptomize. 
 
 abridgment ( a-brij 'ment), n. the 
 state of being contracted or cur- 
 tailed ; an epitome. 
 
 abroach, (a-broch'), adv. & adj. let- 
 ting out; placed in position for 
 yielding the contents. 
 
 abroad (a-brawd'), adv. widely; ex- 
 
 pansively; beyond the limits of 
 house or country ; wide of the mark. 
 
 abrogate (ab'ro-gat), v.t. to abolish, 
 annul, or repeal by authority. 
 
 abrogation (ab-ro-ga'shun), n. the 
 act of abrogating ; the repeal or an- 
 nulling of a law. 
 
 abrogator (ab'ro-ga-ter), n. one who 
 repeals by authority. 
 
 abrupt (ab-rupf), adj. broken; ter- 
 minating suddenly ; steep ; precip- 
 itous ; rough ; unceremonious. 
 
 abrupted (ab-rupt'ed), p.adj. broken 
 off with suddenness ; torn off or 
 asunder. 
 
 abruption (ab-rup'shun), n. a sep- 
 aration with violence ; a sudden or 
 abrupt termination. 
 
 abscess (ab'ses), n. [pi. abscesses 
 (-ez)], a collection of morbid mat- 
 ter or pus in the tissues of the body, 
 
 abscission (ab-sizh'un), n. the act of 
 severance; the breaking off in a 
 sentence, leaving the rest to be im- 
 plied. 
 
 abscond (ab-skond'), v.i. to flee or 
 retire in haste from the place of 
 one's residence or post of duty ; quit 
 the country in secret. 
 
 absence (ab'sens), n. the state of 
 being absent; the period of being 
 absent. 
 
 absent (ab'sent), adj. not present; 
 away ; wanting ; regardless ; ab- 
 stracted. 
 
 absent (ab-senf), v.t. to retire or 
 keep away from. 
 
 absentee (ab-sen-te'), n. one who is 
 absent or absents himself purposely 
 from home or duty. 
 
 absenteeism (ab-sen-te'izm), n. the 
 state or custom of living away from 
 one's country or estate. 
 
 absently (ab'sent-li), adv. in an ab- 
 stracted manner. 
 
 absinthe (English ab'sinth ; French 
 ab-sangt'), n. wormwood; a bitter 
 aromatic liqueur compounded of 
 brandy and wormwood, largely drunk 
 in France. 
 
 absinthin (ab-sin'thin), n. the bitter 
 principle of wormwood. 
 
 absolute (ab'so-lut), adj. free as to 
 condition ; perfect in itself ; unlim- 
 ited in power ; fixed , irrevocable ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
abs 
 
 abs 
 
 despotic ; positive : n. the will or 
 power of the Almighty. 
 
 absolution, (ab-so-lu'shun), n. the 
 act of absolving from the conse- 
 quences of sin. 
 
 absolutism ( ab'so-lu-tizm ) , n. the 
 state of being absolute ; the principle 
 or system of absolute government. 
 
 absolutist (ab'so-ltit-ist), n. a sup- 
 porter or advocate of despotic or 
 absolute government. 
 
 absolutory (ab-sol'u-to-ri), adj. ab- 
 solving ; capable of absolving. 
 
 absolvatory (ab-sol'va-to-ri), adj. 
 containing or conferring absolution ; 
 having power to pardon or absolve. 
 
 absolve (ab-solv'), v.t. to release or 
 set free ; clear of crime or guilt ; to 
 forgive -or remit. 
 
 absorb (ab-s6rb'), v.t. to drink in; 
 imbibe ; suck or swallow up ; en- 
 gross or engage wholly. 
 
 absorbability (ab-s6rb-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the state or quality of being absorb- 
 able. 
 
 absorbable (ab-s6rb'a-bl), adj. capa- 
 able of being absorbed. 
 
 absorbency (ab-s6rb'en-si), n. ca- 
 pacity for absorbing. 
 
 absorbent (ab-s6rb'ent), adj. ab- 
 sorbing : n. the capacity for absorb- 
 ing; anything which absorbs or 
 takes in nutritive matter ; a vessel 
 in the body ; a substance capable of 
 absorbing or withdrawing gases or 
 moisture from the air. 
 
 absorptiometer ( ab-s6rp-shi-om'e- 
 ter), n. an instrument to show the 
 amount of gas absorbed by a unit 
 volume of a fluid. 
 
 absorption, (ab-sorp'shun), n. the 
 process or act of absorbing; the 
 state of being absorbed; entire oc- 
 cupation of the mind. 
 
 absorption-bands (■•banz), n.pl. 
 the dark bands in the spectrum, 
 more or less wide, and not usually 
 sharply defined. 
 
 absorption-lines (-lins), n.pl. dark 
 lines in the spectrum produced by 
 the absorption of cool vapors 
 through which the light has passed. 
 
 absorptive (ab-sorp'tiv), adj. having 
 power or capacity for absorption. 
 
 absorptivity (ab-s6rp-tiv'i-ti), n. the 
 power of absorption. 
 
 absquatulate (ab-skwot'u-lat), v.i. 
 to abscond. 
 
 abstain (ab-stan'), v.t. to forbear; 
 refrain; hold aloof; keep away 
 from. 
 
 abstainer (ab-stan'er), n. one who 
 abstains, especially from intoxicants. 
 
 abstemious (ab-ste'mi-us), adj. 
 moderate and sparing in the use of 
 food and drink ; non-indulgent. 
 
 abstention (ab-sten'shun), n. the act 
 of holding off or abstaining. 
 
 abstentionist (ab-sten'shun-ist), n. 
 one who favors or practices absten- 
 tion. 
 
 abstentious (ab-sten'shus), adj. 
 characterized by abstention. 
 
 abstergent (ab-ster'jent), adj. pos- 
 sessing cleansing or purging proper- 
 ties : n. that which cleanses or 
 purges; a detergent. 
 
 abstersion (ab-ster-shun), n. the act 
 of wiping clean ; the act of cleans- 
 ing by the use of abstergents. 
 
 abstersive (ab-ster'siv), adj. cleans- 
 ing; of the nature or quality of an 
 abstergent: n. that which cleanses 
 or purifies. 
 
 abstinence (ab'sti-nens), n. the act 
 or practice of abstaining; self- 
 denial ; partial or total forbearance 
 from the use of food or drink. 
 
 abstinent (ab'sti-nent), adj. refrain- 
 ing from over-indulgence, especially 
 with regard to food and drink ; n. 
 an abstainer. 
 
 abstract (ab-strakt'), v.t. to take or 
 draw away ; separate ; purloin or 
 steal ; epitomize ; separate from and 
 consider apart. 
 
 abstract (ab-strakt'), n. an epitome; 
 a summary or abstract comprising 
 the essence or principal parts of a 
 larger work : adj. considered or con- 
 ceived apart from its concrete or 
 material nature, abstract noun, 
 n. the name of a state or quality 
 considered apart from the object to 
 which it belongs. 
 
 abstracted (ab-strakt'ed), p.adj. 
 separated; disjoined; refined; ab- 
 struse ; mentally absent. 
 
 abstraction (ab-strak'shun), n. the 
 act of separating or drawing away ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
abs 
 
 ace 
 
 the state of being withdrawn or ab- 
 stracted ; concentration of mind or 
 attention. 
 
 abs tr actional ( ab-strak'shun-al ) , 
 adj. pertaining to abstraction. 
 
 abstractionist (ab-strak'shun-ist) , 
 n. one who deals with abstractions ; 
 an idealist ; a dreamer. 
 
 abstractive (ab-strak'tiv), adj. hav- 
 ing the quality or power of abstrac- 
 tion. 
 
 abstractly (ab'strakt-li), adv. in an 
 abstract manner. 
 
 abstrahent (ab'stra-hent), adj. ab- 
 stract ; eliminating from unessential 
 or foreign elements. 
 
 abstruse (ab-stroos'), adj. obscure; 
 hidden ; difficult of comprehension ; 
 profound. 
 
 absurd (ab-serd'), adj. contrary to 
 reason or sense ; ridiculous. 
 
 absurdity (ab-serd'i-ti), n. [pi. ab- 
 surdities, (-tiz)J the state of being 
 absurd ; that which is absurd. 
 
 abundance (a-bun'dans), n. in great 
 plenty ; an over-flowing quantity ; 
 affluence. 
 
 abundant (a-bun'dant), adj. plenti- 
 ful ; fully sufficient ; abounding. 
 
 abuse (a-buz'), v.t. to use ill; treat 
 rudely or wrongfully ; to defile or 
 violate ; use violent or abusive lan- 
 guage towards ; vituperate. 
 
 abuse (a-bus'), n. ill-treatment; the 
 excessive or injudicious use of any- 
 thing ; insult ; violation. 
 
 abusive (a-bu'siv), adj. practicing 
 or containing abuse. 
 
 abut (a-buf), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. abut- 
 ted, p.pr. abutting], to border upon; 
 touch at one end; terminate. (Used 
 with on, upon, against.) 
 
 abutment (a-but'ment), n. that 
 which borders upon something else ; 
 the solid structure which supports 
 the extremity of a bridge or arch. 
 
 abuzz (a-buz'), adv. filled with buzz- 
 ing sounds. 
 
 abysm (a-bizm'), n. an abyss, a gulf. 
 
 abysmal (a-biz'mal), adj. pertaining 
 to an abyss ; bottomless. 
 
 abyss (a-bis'), n. a. bottomless gulf; 
 that which is unfathomable ; hell. 
 
 acacia (a-ka-shi-a), n. a plant of the 
 genus of same name. 
 
 academic (ak-a-dem'ik), or aca- 
 demical (-al), n. a college student 
 or member of a university : adj. be- 
 longing or appertaining to a college 
 or university. 
 
 academically (-li), adv. in an aca- 
 demical manner ; after the fashion 
 of an academy. 
 
 academicals (ak-a-dem'i-kals), n.pl. 
 the costume worn by graduates and 
 undergraduates at a university or a 
 college. 
 
 academician (ak-a-de-mish'an), n. 
 a member of an academy or society 
 for promoting the arts, sciences, and 
 literature. 
 
 academy (a-kad'e-mi), n. a private 
 school or seminary for the teaching 
 of the higher branches of education ; 
 a school for instruction in special 
 subjects ; an association or society 
 of men eminent in literature, 
 science, and art ; a building devoted 
 to academic purposes. 
 
 acanthus (a-kan'thus), n. a plant 
 having sharp-toothed leaves ; orna- 
 mentation adopted in the capitals of 
 the Corinthian and Composite 
 orders, and resembling the foliage of 
 the acanthus. 
 
 accede (ak-sed'), v.i. to come or at- 
 tain to ; to agree or yield to. 
 
 accelerate (ak-sel'er-at), v.t. to 
 hasten ; to cause to move or pro- 
 gress faster ; quicken the speed of ; 
 bring nearer in time. 
 
 acceleration (ak-sel-er-a'shun), n. 
 the act of accelerating ; the state of 
 being accelerated. 
 
 accelerative (ak-sel'er-a-tiv), adj. 
 hastening ; tending to increase ve- 
 locity. 
 
 accelerator (ak-sel'er-a-ter), n. that 
 which quickens or accelerates ; any 
 method in photography by which a 
 sensitized or chemical plate is ex- 
 posed for a less time to the light. 
 
 acceleratory (ak-sel'er-a-to-ri), adj. 
 accelerating or tending to accelerate. 
 
 accent (ak'sent), n. the stress laid by 
 the voice upon a particular syl- 
 lable of a word, so as to ren- 
 der it more prominent than the c 
 rest ; the mark or character used in 
 writing and printing to express the 
 manner of pronouncing of a word ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
a peculiarity of utterance or ex- 
 pression distinguishing the language 
 of different parts or districts of the 
 same or a foreign county ; the em- 
 phasis placed upon certain notes of 
 a bar of music : v.t. to express the 
 accent, or denote the vocal division 
 of a word by stress or modulation 
 of the voice ; to pronounce ; mark or 
 accent a word in writing by use of 
 a sign ; dwell upon or emphasize, as 
 a passage of music. 
 
 accentual (ak-sen'tu-al), adj. be- 
 longing to accent ; rhythmical. 
 
 accentuate (ak-sen'tu-at), v.t. to 
 speak ; pronounce or mark < with an 
 accent ; give prominence to in speak- 
 ing or writing ; lay stress upon. 
 
 accentuation (ak-sen-tu-a'shun), n. 
 the act of accentuating by stress or 
 accent; the act of speaking (or 
 writing) with emphasis or distinc- 
 tion. 
 
 accept (ak-sepf), v.t. to take or re- 
 ceive with approbation ; entertain ; 
 agree to, or acquiesce in; under- 
 stand or receive in a particular 
 sense ; to agree or promise to pay. 
 
 acceptable ( ak-sep'ta-bl ) , adj. capa- 
 able of giving pleasure or gratifica- 
 tion. 
 
 acceptability (ak-sep'ta-bil'i-ti), or 
 acceptableness (ak-sep'ta-bl-nes) , 
 n. the quality of being acceptable 
 or agreeable. 
 
 acceptance (ak-sep'tans), n. the act 
 of accepting; the fact of being ac- 
 cepted, or received with approba- 
 tion ; the subscription to a bill of 
 exchange; the bill accepted or the 
 sum contained in it. 
 
 acceptation (ak-sep-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of accepting, or state of being 
 accepted or acceptable ; the meaning 
 or sense of a word or statement in 
 which it is to be understood. 
 
 accepter or acceptor (ak-sep'ter), 
 n. one who accepts ; the person who 
 accepts a bill of exchange. 
 
 access (ak'ses), n. admittance or ap- 
 proach to a person or place ; means 
 of approach or admission ; addition 
 or increase ; the recurrence or fits 
 of paroxysms in diseases. 
 
 accessary. See accessory. 
 
 accessibility ( ak-ses-i-bil'i-ti ) , «, 
 the condition of being accessible. 
 
 accessible (ak-ses'i-bl), adj. capable 
 of being approached ; easy of access ; 
 attainable. 
 
 accession (ak-sesh'un), n. a coming 
 to, as by succession or by right; 
 entrance or attainment ; the act of 
 acceding by assent or agreement ; in- 
 crease or augmentation ; the acquire- 
 ment of property by improvement, 
 growth, or labor expended; the at- 
 tack or commencement of a disease. 
 
 accessional (ak-sesh'un-al), adj. ad- 
 ditional ; pertaining to an accession. 
 
 accessorial ( ak-ses-6'ri-al ) , adj. per- 
 taining to an accessory, as acces- 
 sorial guilt or agency. 
 
 accessory (ak-ses'o-ri), [pi. acces- 
 sories ( -riz ) ] , adj. aiding ; contrib- 
 uting to some result or effect : n. 
 one who aids in the commission of 
 a felony ; an accomplice ; that which 
 is in the nature of an appendage. 
 
 accidence (ak'si-dens), n. the por- 
 tion of grammar which deals with 
 the inflections of words ; a book 
 containing the rudiments of gram- 
 mar; the rudiments themselves. 
 
 accident (ak'si-dent), n. an event 
 which is unexpected, or the cause of 
 which was unforeseen; a contingen- 
 cy, casualty, or mishap; a property 
 of a thing which is not essential 
 to it. 
 
 accidental (ak-si-den'tal), adj. hap- 
 pening by chance or unexpectedly; 
 fortuitous ; non-essential ; connected 
 with, but not necessarily belonging 
 to : n. that which happens unex- 
 pectedly ; an adjunct, or non-essen- 
 tial part or quality ; a sharp, flat, or 
 natural introduced into a piece of 
 music to lower or raise the note be- 
 fore which it is placed. 
 
 accidentally (-li), adv. in an acci- 
 dental manner. 
 
 acclaim (ak-klam'), v.i. to shout ap- 
 plause : n. a shout of joy or praise ; 
 acclamation. 
 
 acclamation (ak-kla-ma'shun), n. a 
 shout of applause, or other demon- 
 stration of hearty approval ; an out- 
 burst of joy, or praise ; the adop- 
 tion of a resolution viva voce; a 
 mode of papal election. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ace 
 
 acclamatory (ak-klam'a-to-ri), adj. 
 expressing joy or applause by ac- 
 clamation. 
 
 acclimate (ak-kli'mat), v.t. to accus- 
 tom a person to a foreign climate. 
 
 acclimation (ak-kll-ma'shun), n. the 
 process of acclimatizing, or the state 
 of being inured to a foreign climate ; 
 acclimatization. 
 
 acclimatize (ak-kli'ma-tiz), v.t. & 
 v.i. to accustom or become accus- 
 tomed to a foreign climate ; said of 
 plants or animals. 
 
 acclivity (ak-kliv'i-ti), n. [pi. ac- 
 clivities (-tiz)], an ascent or up- 
 ward slope of the earth ; the talus 
 of a rampart. 
 
 acclivous (ak-kli'vus), adj. rising, as 
 a slope ; uphill. 
 
 accolated (ak'ko-la-ted), p.adj. con- 
 taining two or more profile heads, 
 so arranged that one partially over- 
 laps the next, as in the shilling of 
 William III. and Mary. 
 
 accommodate (ak-kom'mo-dat), v.t. 
 to adapt or make fit or suitable ; ad- 
 just, settle ; supply or furnish ; do a 
 favor to ; lend money for the con- 
 venience of a borrower : v.i. to be 
 conformable to. 
 
 accommodating (ak-kom'mo-da- 
 ting), p.adj. obliging; of a yielding 
 disposition ; adapting one's self to 
 the desires of others. 
 
 accommodation (ak-kom-mo-da'- 
 shun ) , n. the act of accommodating ; 
 or the state of being accommodated ; 
 that which supplies a want or de- 
 sire. 
 
 accommodation-bill (-bil), n. a 
 bill or note endorsed by one or more 
 parties to enable the drawer to 
 raise money upon it. 
 
 accommodation-ladder (-lad'er), 
 n. a ladder or stairway suspended at 
 the gangway of a ship. 
 
 accommodative (ak-kom'mo-da-tiv) , 
 adj. disposed or tending to accom- 
 modate. 
 
 accompaniment (ak-kum'pa-ni- 
 
 ment), n. something which is added 
 to, or attends the original or princi- 
 pal thing by way of ornament, or 
 for the sake of symmetry. 
 
 accompanist (ak-kum'pa-nist), n. 
 one who plays an accompaniment. 
 
 accompany (ak-kum'pa-ni), v.t. to 
 keep company with ; escort ; join in 
 movement or action; perform the 
 accompaniment in a composition for 
 voice and instrument. 
 
 accomplice (ak-kom'plis), n. an as- 
 sociate or companion in crime. 
 
 accomplish, (ak-kom'plish), v.t. to 
 bring to completion, or to an issue ; 
 fulfill ; attain as the result of exer- 
 tion. 
 
 accomplished (ak-kom'plisht), p. 
 adj. finished; perfected; possessed 
 of social qualifications. 
 
 accomplishment ( ak-kom'plish- 
 
 ment), n. the completion of an act 
 or undertaking ; fulfillment ; an ac- 
 quirement or qualification in art or 
 manners. 
 
 accomptant. See accountant. 
 
 accord (ak-k6rd'), v.t. & v.i. to be in 
 agreement with ; reconcile ; agree ; 
 give; grant; concede; to adjust or 
 bring to agreement ; to be in corre- 
 spondence or harmony ; agree in 
 pitch and tone: n. agreement; uni- 
 son ; concurrence of will or opinion ; 
 harmony. 
 
 accordance (ak-k6rd'ans), n. the 
 state of being in harmony or accord. 
 
 accordant (ak-k6rd'ant), adj. corre- 
 sponding ; of the same mind. 
 
 according (ak-k6rd'ing), p.adj. 
 agreeing, harmonious : adv. in ac- 
 cordance (with) or agreeably (to). 
 
 accordion (ak-kord'i-un), n. a small 
 wind instrument, having keys and 
 metallic reeds, and worked by means 
 of a bellows, after the fashion of a 
 concertina. 
 
 accost (ak-kost'), v.t. to draw near, 
 or come face to face with ; speak 
 to ; salute : n. the act of accosting ; 
 manner. 
 
 accouchement (ak-koosh'mong), n. 
 delivery in child-bed ; parturition ; a 
 lying-in. 
 
 accoucheur (ak-koosh-er'), n. a 
 medical man who attends confine- 
 ment cases. 
 
 account (ak-kounf), v.t. to reckon 
 or hold to be ; compute ; count : v.i. 
 to assign an explanation [with for] ; 
 take into consideration ; relate : n. 
 a reckoning ; a financial statement 
 or memorandum; a narrative; any- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ace 
 
 thing in the form of a statement, 
 written or verbal ; reason or con- 
 sideration; profit; advantage; esti- 
 mation ; consequence ; importance. 
 
 account- current (-kur'ent), n. the 
 statement of account between two 
 or more persons, drawn out in the 
 form of debtor and creditor. 
 
 accountability ( ak-kount-a-bil'i-ti ) , 
 n. the state of being liable or ac- 
 countable. 
 
 accountable (ak-kount'a-bl), cylj. 
 answerable; responsible; liable to 
 be called to account. 
 
 accountably (-bli), adv. in an ac- 
 countable manner. 
 
 accountancy (ak-koun'tan-si), n. the 
 art or practice of an accountant. 
 
 accountant (ak-koun'tant), n. one 
 skilled in the keeping or examina- 
 tion of accounts : adj. giving ac- 
 count ; responsible. 
 
 accoutre (ak-koo'ter), v.t. to dress; 
 equip ; to array in military dress ; 
 furnish with accoutrements. 
 
 accoutrements (ak-koo'ter-ments) , 
 n.pl. equipage; dress; military 
 equipments. 
 
 accredit (ak-kred'it), v.t. to give 
 credit to; have confidence in; 
 authorize ; stamp with authority ; to 
 believe and accept as true. 
 
 accrescent (ak-kres'sent), adj. in- 
 creasing; growing. 
 
 accrete (ak-kref), v.t. to adhere; be 
 added: v.t. to cause to grow or 
 unite. 
 
 accretion (ak-kre'shun), n. increase 
 by natural growth; the addition of 
 external parts ; the growing together 
 of parts or members naturally sepa- 
 rate. 
 
 accretive (ak-kre'tiv), adj. adding 
 to or increasing by growth. 
 
 accroachment (ak-kroch'ment), n. 
 the act of accroaching; usurpation. 
 
 accrue (ak-kroo), v.i. to come to hap- 
 pen or result to naturally as an 
 increment, as of profit or loss. 
 
 accruement (ak-kroo'ment), n. an 
 addition or increment. 
 
 accruer (ak-kroo'er), n. the act of 
 accretion. 
 
 accumbent (ak-kum'bent), adj. re- 
 clining or recumbent. 
 
 accumulate (ak-ku'mu-lat), v.t. to 
 collect or bring together; amass; 
 heap up : v.i. to increase in size, 
 number, or quantity. 
 
 accumulation ( ak-ku-mu-la'shun ) , 
 n. the act of accumulating or amass- 
 ing; the addition of interest to 
 principal ; the mass accumulated. 
 
 accumulative ( ak-ku'mu-la-tiv ) , 
 
 adj. tending to accumulate. 
 
 accumulative judgment (-juj'- 
 ment), w. a second judgment which 
 takes effect against a person after 
 the first sentence has expired. 
 
 accumulator (ak-ku'mu-la-ter), n. 
 one who, or that which, accumu- 
 lates; an apparatus for equalizing 
 pressure; an electric storage bat- 
 tery. 
 
 accuracy (ak'ku-ra-si), n. the qual- 
 ity of being accurate; exactness or 
 correctness. 
 
 accurate (ak'ku-rat), adj. in exact 
 conformity with the truth ; free 
 from error ; precise. 
 
 accursed (a-ker'sed), or accurst 
 (a-kerst'), p. adj. under or subject to 
 a curse ; doomed to destruction ; de- 
 testable; execrable. 
 
 accusable (ak-kuz'a-bl), adj. liable 
 to be censured or accused. 
 
 accusation (ak-ku-za'shun), n. a 
 charge or imputation of wrong- 
 doing ; the act of accusing or imput- 
 ing. 
 
 accusatival (ak-ku-za-ti'val), adj. 
 pertaining to the accusative case. 
 
 accusative (ak-kti'za-tiv), adj. ac- 
 cusing: n. the objective case, denot- 
 ing the object of the verb. 
 
 accusatory (ak-kii'za-to-ri), or ac- 
 cusatorial (ak-ku-za-to'ri-al), adj. 
 accusing, or containing an accusa- 
 tion. 
 
 accusatorially (-li), adv. in an ac- 
 cusatorial manner. 
 
 accuse (ak-kuz'), v.t. to charge with 
 guilt or blame ; make or bring an 
 imputation against. 
 
 accuser (ak-ktiz'er), n. one who ac- 
 cuses ; one who formally charges an 
 offense against another. 
 
 accustom (ak-kus'tum), v.t. to habit- 
 ituate or familiarize by custom or 
 use. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
aco 
 
 aci 
 
 accustomed (ak-kus'tumd), p.adj. 
 frequent ; usual ; often practiced. 
 
 ace (as), n. [pi. aces (-ez)], a unit; 
 in playing cards and dice, a card 
 or die marked with a single pip ; a 
 very small quantity. 
 
 ace-point (-'point), the single mark 
 of the ace-card and of the die 
 marked with one spot. 
 
 acedia (a-se'di-a), n. an abnormal 
 condition of the mind, characterized 
 by lassitude, listlessness, and general 
 indifference. 
 
 acentric (a-sen'trik), adj. away from 
 the center ; having no center. 
 
 Acephala (a-sef'a-la), n.pl. a term 
 applied to all ordinary bivalves, as 
 the oyster, having no distinct head. 
 
 acephalous (a-sef'a-lus), adj. head- 
 less ; without a leader ; an ovary of 
 a plant that has its style springing 
 from the base instead of the apex. 
 
 acerbity (a-ser'bi-ti), n. [pi. acerbi- 
 ties (-tiz)], sourness; sharpness; 
 harshness or severity of temper or 
 expression. 
 
 acetanilide (as-et-an'i-lid),n. a pun- 
 gent white powder, formed by the 
 action of acetyl chloride on aniline : 
 used in medicine as an antipyretic. 
 
 acetate (as'e-tat), n. a salt of acetic 
 acid. 
 
 acetated (as'e-ta-ted), p.adj. com- 
 bined with acetic acid. 
 
 acetation. See acetification. 
 
 acetic acid (a-se'tik & a-set'ik as'id) , 
 n. a clear liquid, with a strong 
 acid taste and peculiar sharp smell. 
 It is present in a dilute form in 
 vinegar. 
 
 acetification (a-set-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the act or process of acetifying or 
 becoming acetous ; the preparation 
 of vinegar. 
 
 acetify (a-set'i-fi), v. t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 acetified, p.pr. acetifying], to turn 
 into vinegar ; make acetous. 
 
 acetimeter (as-e-tim'e-ter), n. an 
 instrument for gauging the strength 
 or purity of vinegar or acetic acid. 
 
 acetin (as'e-tin), n. a combination of 
 acetic acid with glycerine. 
 
 acetone (as'e-ton), n. a clear volatile 
 liquid, composed of carbon, hydro- 
 gen, and oxygen. 
 
 acetose (as'e-tos), or acetous (as'e 
 tus), adj. of the nature of vinegar; 
 sour ; causing acetification. 
 
 acetylene (a-set'i-len), n. a brilliant 
 illuminating gas, produced by sub- 
 jecting calcium-carbide to the action 
 of water. 
 
 ache (ak), n. pain, more or less con- 
 tinuous : v.i. to suffer, or be in pain. 
 
 achievable (a-che'va-bl), adj. possi- 
 ble to achieve ; capable of being per- 
 formed. 
 
 achieve (a-chev), v.t. to perform, 
 carry out, accomplish ; to gain or 
 bring to a successful issue by an ef- 
 fort : v.i. to bring about a desired 
 result. 
 
 achievement (a-chev'ment), n. the 
 act of achieving ; accomplishment ; 
 that which is achieved or accom- 
 plished ; an escutcheon or armorial 
 shield, also called a hatchment. 
 
 a chill e s -ten d on ( a-kil'ez-ten'dun ) , 
 the powerful tendon placed in, and 
 moving, the heel. 
 
 aching (a'king), p.adj. enduring or 
 causing pain ; painful : adv. with 
 aching ; painfully. 
 
 achromatic (ak-ro-mat'ik), adj. free 
 from coloration; transmitting light 
 without decomposition. 
 
 achromatic-lens (-lenz), a lens free 
 from chromatic aberration. 
 
 a chromatically (-al-li), adv. in an 
 achromatic manner. 
 
 achromatize (ak-ro'ma-tlz), v.t. to 
 deprive of the power of transmitting 
 color ; to render achromatic. 
 
 achromatous (ak-ro'ma-tus), adj. 
 without color. 
 
 acid (as'id), adj. sour and sharp or 
 biting to the taste, as vinegar : n. 
 anything sour ; the name applied to 
 a large number of compounds con- 
 taining one or more atoms of hydro- 
 gen which may be displaced by a 
 metal. 
 
 acidic (a-sid'ik), adj. containing a 
 large proportion of the acid element ; 
 opposed to basic. 
 
 acidiferous (as-i-dif'e-rus), ad;, pro- 
 ducing or containing acids. 
 
 acidific (as-i-dif'ik), adj. acidifying; 
 producing acidity or an acid. 
 
 acidification (a-sid-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the process of acidifying. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
aci 
 
 acidifier (a-sid'i-fl-er), n. a sub- 
 stance having the property of im- 
 parting an acid quality. 
 
 acidify (a-sid'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 acidified, p.pr. acidifying], to make 
 acid ; convert into an acid ; sour ; 
 embitter. 
 
 acidity (a-sid'i-ti), n. the quality of 
 being acid or sour. 
 
 acidulate (a-sid'u-lat), v.t. to render 
 slightly acid. 
 
 acidulent (a-sid'u-lent), adj. some- 
 what acid ; tart ; peevish. 
 
 acidulous (a-sid'u-lus), adj. slightly 
 sour ; subacid. 
 
 acierage ( as'i-er-aj ) , n. the term 
 given to the process of electrically 
 depositing iron on an engraved cop- 
 per plate. 
 
 aciform (as'i-form), adj. needle- 
 shaped. 
 
 acinaceous (as-i-na'shus), adj. con- 
 sisting of or full of kernels, as the 
 grape, mulberry, &c. 
 
 acknowledge (ak-nol'ej), v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. acknowledged, p.pr. ac- 
 knowledging], to admit or own to be 
 true ; recognize, confess ; admit the 
 receipt of. 
 
 acknowledgment ( ak-nol'ej-ment ) , 
 n. the act of acknowledging ; the ad- 
 mission or recognition of a truth ; 
 confession ; the expression of appre- 
 ciation of a favor or benefit con- 
 ferred; a receipt. 
 
 aclinic (a-klin'ik), adj. without in- 
 clination. 
 
 aclinic-line (-lin), n. the imaginary 
 point near the equator where the 
 magnetic needle has no dip. 
 
 acme (ak'me), n. the highest point; 
 the utmost reach ; the crisis of a 
 disease. 
 
 acne (ak'ne), n. a pustular eruption 
 of the body, chiefly confined to the 
 face, shoulders and chest. 
 
 acock (a-kok'), adv. in a cocked or 
 turned up manner. 
 
 acock-bill (-bil), adv. with the ends 
 directed upwards, as of an anchor 
 or yards of a ship. 
 
 acology (a-kol'o-ji), n. the science of 
 remedies. 
 
 acolyte (ak'o-lit), or acolyth (ak'o- 
 lith & -lith), n. the highest of 
 the minor orders in the Roman 
 
 acq 
 
 Catholic Church, ranking next be- 
 low the subdeacon. 
 
 aconite (ak'6-nit), n. the plant 
 wolf's-bane or monk's-hood ; the 
 drug prepared from the plant. 
 
 aconitine (a-kon'i-tin & -tin), n. the 
 narcotic drug prepared from the 
 roots and leaves of several species of 
 aconite, used as a remedy for neu- 
 ralgia. 
 
 acorn (a'korn), n. the fruit of the 
 oak ; a conical piece of wood affixed 
 to the spindle above a vane, to 
 keep the vane from being blown off. 
 
 acotyledon (a-kot-i-le'dun), n. a 
 plant whose seeds (spores) are not 
 furnished with cotyledons (seed- 
 lobes). 
 
 acotyledonous ( a-kot-i-led'un-us ) , 
 adj. having no cotyledons or seed- 
 lobes. 
 
 acoumeter (a-kou'- & a-koo'me-ter), 
 n. an instrument to test the power of 
 hearing, or sensibility to sound. 
 
 acoustic (a-kous'- & a-koos'tik), adj. 
 belonging to the science of sound : n. 
 a remedy for deafness. 
 
 acoustics (a-kous'- & a-koos'tiks), 
 the science of sound ; the study of 
 the effects of sound upon the organ 
 of hearing. 
 
 acquaint (ak-kwanf), v.t. to famil- 
 iarize or make one's self conversant 
 with ; furnish information. 
 
 acquaintance (ak-kwant'ans), n. 
 the state of being acquainted with a 
 person or subject ; personal knowl- 
 edge less than friendship ; a person 
 with whom one is acquainted. 
 
 acquainted (ak-kwan'ted), p. adj. 
 having personal knowledge; famil- 
 iar, known (of or with). 
 
 acquiesce (ak-kwi-es'), v.i. to agree; 
 comply passively; assent [followed 
 usually by in]. 
 
 acquiescence (ak-kwi-es'ens), n. the 
 act of submitting ; silent assent ; 
 neglect to take legal proceedings, so 
 as to imply consent. 
 
 acquiescent (ak-kwi-es'ent), adj. 
 disposed to submit or yield tacitly ; 
 resting satisfied. 
 
 acquirable (ak-kwir'a-bl), adj. ca- 
 pable of being acquired. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
acq 
 
 acquire (ak-kwir'),<y.£. to gain or ob- 
 tain possession of by one's own 
 physical or intellectual exertions. 
 
 acquirement (ak-kwir'ment), n. the 
 act of acquiring; that which is 
 acquired. 
 
 acquisition (ak-kwi-zish'un), n. the 
 act of acquiring; the object ac- 
 quired. 
 
 acquisitive (ak-kwiz'i-tiv), adj. hav- 
 ing a propensity to acquire ; greedily 
 disposed. 
 
 acquisitiveness (-nes), n. the pro- 
 pensity to acquire. 
 
 acquit (ak-kwif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 acquitted, p.pr. acquitting], to re- 
 lease ; set free ; discharge ; to pro- 
 nounce not guilty. 
 
 acquittal (ak-kwit'al), n. the act of 
 releasing or acquitting; the state 
 of being acquitted ; the judicial pro- 
 nouncement of "not guilty." 
 
 acquittance (ak-kwit'ans), n. a dis- 
 charge or release from debt or other 
 liability ; a receipt barring a further 
 demand. 
 
 acre (a'ker), n. a superficial measure 
 of land containing, in Great 
 Britain, the United States and the 
 Colonies, 4,840 sq. yds. 
 
 acreage (a'ker-aj), n. the number of 
 acres in a tract of land. 
 
 acred (a'kerd), adj. possessing acres 
 or landed property. 
 
 acrid (ak'rid), adj. sharp or biting to 
 the taste ; pungent ; irritating ; 
 stinging: n. an acrid or irritant 
 poison. 
 
 acridity (ak-rid'i-ti), n. the quality 
 of being acrid. 
 
 acrimonious (ak-ri-mo'ni-us), adj. 
 bitter ; caustic ; stinging. 
 
 acrimony (ak'ri-mo-ni), n. sharp- 
 ness of temper; bitterness of ex- 
 pression. 
 
 acrobat (ak'ro-bat), n. a performer 
 on the tight-rope ; one who practices 
 tumbling, vaulting, trapezing, &c. 
 
 acrobatism (ak'-ro-bat-izm), n. the 
 performance of acrobatic feats; the 
 profession of an acrobat. 
 
 acrolith (ak'ro-lith), n. a sculptured 
 figure, the head and extremities of 
 which are of stone and the rest of 
 wood. 
 
 act 
 
 acropolis (a-krop'6-lis), n. the high- 
 est part or citadel of a Grecian 
 city, as that of Athens^ hence a cit- 
 adel. 
 
 across (a-kr6s'), adv. & prep, from 
 side to side ; transversely ; adverse- 
 ly; athwart; intersecting afr an 
 angle. 
 
 acrostic (a-kros'tik), n. a composi- 
 tion, usually in verse, in which the 
 first or last letters of the lines, or 
 other letters, taken in order, form 
 a motto, phrase, name, or word. 
 
 act (akt),w. an action; process of do- 
 ing; a decree, edict, or enactment; 
 the judgment of a court; a formal 
 writing; one of the principal divi- 
 sions of a drama ; a thesis main- 
 tained by a candidate for a degree 
 at a university : v.t. to do ; perform ; 
 play, as on the stage ; set in motion : 
 v.i. to exert force or energy. 
 
 acting (akt'ing), p. adj. performing 
 services, as those of an official. 
 
 actinic (ak-tin'ik), adj. having the 
 property of actinism. 
 
 actinism (ak'tin-izm), n. that prop- 
 erty of the sun's rays which pro- 
 duces chemical action. 
 
 actinium (ak-tin'i-um), n. a recent- 
 ly discovered radio-active element. 
 
 actinograph (ak-tin'6-graf), n. an 
 instrument for measuring the varia- 
 tion of the chemical rays of light. 
 
 actinoid (ak-tin'oid), adj. having 
 the form of rays ; resembling a star- 
 fish. 
 
 actinology (ak-ti-nol'o-ji), n. the 
 science that treats of the chemical 
 action of light. 
 
 actinometer (ak-tin-om'et-er), n. 
 an instrument for measuring the in- 
 tensity of heat-rays. 
 
 action (ak'shun), n. the state of be- 
 ing active, as opposed to rest; the 
 effect of one body upon another 
 {used in sing.) ; an act or thing done 
 {used in pi.) ; a suit instituted by 
 one party against another in a court 
 of law; the gesture or deportment 
 of a speaker; the performance of a 
 function ; effective motion, as of ma- 
 chinery ; the appearance of anima- 
 tion, &c, given to figures ; an en- 
 gagement on sea or land, less 
 important than a battle. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
act 
 
 add 
 
 actionable (ak'shun-a-bl), adj. giv- 
 ing grounds for an action at law. 
 
 active (ak'tiv), adj. endowed with 
 or exercising the power or quality of 
 action ; constantly active ; the per- 
 formance and not the continuance 
 of an action ; lively, moving freely ; 
 acting quickly. 
 
 activity (ak-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. activi- 
 ties (-tiz)], energy; the state of 
 action. 
 
 actor (ak'ter), n. one who acts or 
 performs; a stage-player; a proctor 
 or advocate in civil causes. 
 
 actress (ak'tres), n. a female actor. 
 
 actual (ak'tu-al), adj. real ; existing; 
 present. 
 
 actuality (ak-tu-al'i-ti), n. [pi. actu- 
 alities (-tiz)], the state of being 
 real or actual ; that which is in full 
 existence. 
 
 actualization ( ak'tu-al-i-za'shun ) , 
 n. making actual. 
 
 actualize (ak'tu-al-iz), v.t. to make 
 actual. 
 
 actually (ak'tu-al-li), adv. as an ex- 
 isting fact. 
 
 actuary (ak'tu-a-ri), n. [pi. actuaries 
 (-riz)], a registrar or clerk of a 
 court ; one who is skilled in life as- 
 surance and similar computations. 
 
 actuate (ak'tu-at), v.t. to move or 
 incite to action. 
 
 actuation (ak-tu-a/shun), n. the 
 state of being actuated or impelled. 
 
 aculeate (a-ku'le-at), adj. equipped 
 with a sting ; having aculei or sharp 
 prickles : n. certain insects fur- 
 nished with stings, as the bee. 
 
 acumen (a-ku'men), n. quickness of 
 perception ; penetration ; insight ; 
 discrimination. 
 
 acuminate (a-ku'min-at), adj. end- 
 ing in a sharp point. 
 
 acupress (ak'u-pres), v.t. to check 
 hemorrhage by acupressure. 
 
 acupressure (ak'u-presh'er), n. a 
 method of checking hemorrhage in 
 arteries during amputations by nee- 
 dles or wire. 
 
 acute (a-kuf), adj. sharp-pointed; 
 intellectually sharp; quick of per- 
 ception ; severe, as pain or symp- 
 toms attending a disease; high in 
 pitch ; shrill. 
 
 adage (ad'aj), n. an ancient proverb, 
 or pithy saying. 
 
 adam's ale (ad'amz al), n. water. 
 
 adam's apple (ap-1), n. a lofty spe- 
 cies of the banana ; the prominence 
 in front of the throat, especially 
 conspicuous in males. 
 
 adamant (ad'a-mant), n. a substance 
 of extreme hardness ; the dia- 
 mond : adj. formed of adamant ; 
 hard. 
 
 adamantine (ad-a-man'tin), adj. 
 made of adamant ; impenetrable. 
 
 adapt (a-dapf), v.t. to make to cor- 
 respond ; fit by alteration or adapta- 
 tion. 
 
 adaptability (a-dap-ta-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being adaptable. 
 
 adaptation (ad-ap-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of adjusting or adapting; the 
 state of being adapted ; that which 
 is adapted. 
 
 add (ad), v.t. to join, unite, sum up; 
 increase; affix. 
 
 addendum (ad-den'dum)-, n. [pi. ad- 
 denda (-da)], an appendix. 
 
 adder (ad'er), n. the popular name 
 for the viper. 
 
 addict (ad-dikf), v.t. to devote or 
 give one's self up to; to practice 
 sedulously (usually in a bad sense). 
 
 addition ( ad-dish'un ) , n. the act or 
 process of adding together ; increase ; 
 the result of addition; the thing 
 added ; the adding or uniting of two 
 or more numbers in one sum ; a title 
 added to a name, denoting rank, as 
 esquire; a dot placed at the side of 
 a note to indicate the lengthening of 
 the sound by one-half. 
 
 additional ( ad-dish'un-al ) , adj. add- 
 ed ; supplementary. 
 
 additionally (-li), adv. in addition 
 to. 
 
 additive (ad'di-tiv), adj. that may 
 be, or is to be, added. 
 
 addle ( ad'l ) , n. & adj. rotten, as eggs 
 that are barren or putrid : v.t. 
 to make corrupt or putrid, as eggs : 
 v.i. to become addled. 
 
 addle-beaded (adl-hed'ed), or ad- 
 dle-pated ( ad-1-pa'ted ) , adj. stu- 
 pid ; weak-brained ; muddled. 
 
 address ( ad-dres' ) , v.t . to straighten ; 
 to bring into line ; to arrange, 
 redress, as wrongs, &c. ; to direct ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 jy 3 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
add 
 
 adj 
 
 speak or write to; get ready; con- 
 sign : n. a speech delivered or writ- 
 ten ; manners and bearing ; tact ; 
 adroitness ; the attention of a lover. 
 
 addressee ( ad-dres-e' ) , n. one who is 
 addressed. 
 
 adduce (ad-diis'), v.t. to bring for- 
 ward or cite in proof or substantia- 
 tion of what is alleged. 
 
 adducent ( ad-du'sent ) , adj. bringing 
 forward or together. 
 
 adducible (ad-du'si-bl), adj. capable 
 of being adduced. 
 
 adductive (ad-duk'tiv), adj. bringing 
 forward. 
 
 adductor (ad-duk'ter), n. one who 
 draws to. 
 
 adductor muscles (mus'lz), n. pi. 
 muscles which draw certain parts to 
 a common center. 
 
 adept (a-depf), adj. well skilled: n. 
 one who is fully proficient or skilled 
 in an art. 
 
 adequacy (ad'e-kwa-si) , n. sufficiency 
 for a particular purpose. 
 
 adequate (ad'e-kwat), adj. equal to 
 requirement or occasion ; fully suffi- 
 cient. 
 
 adfected (ad-fek'ted), adj. com- 
 pounded ; consisting of different 
 powers of an unknown algebraic 
 quantity. 
 
 adhere (ad-her'), v.i. to stick fast; 
 become firmly attached to. 
 
 adherence (ad-her'ens), n. the actor 
 state of adhering; unwavering at- 
 tachment. 
 
 adherent (ad-her'ent), adj. adher- 
 ing ; sticking : n. one who adheres ; 
 a follower of a party or leader. 
 
 adhesion (ad-he'zhun), n, the state 
 or act of adhering. 
 
 adhesive (ad-he'siv), adj. holding 
 fast ; gummed for use ; sticky. 
 
 adieu (a-du/), n. [pi. adieus, adieux 
 (a-duz')], a farewell; good wishes 
 at parting : inter j. goodby ; fare- 
 well. • 
 
 adit (ad'it), n. an entrance or pas- 
 sage ; an entrance to a mine more 
 or less horizontal. 
 
 adjacency (ad-ja'sen-si), n. the 
 state of being close or contiguous. 
 
 adjacent (ad-ja'sent), adj. near; 
 close to. 
 
 adjectival (ad-jek-ti'val), adj. of the 
 nature of an adjective. 
 
 adjective (ad'jek-tiv), n. a word 
 used with a substantive or noun to 
 express the quality or attribute of 
 the thing named, or to limit and de- 
 fine a thing as distinct from some- 
 thing else. 
 
 adjoin (ad-join'), v.t. to unite or 
 join : v.i. to lie next to. 
 
 adjourn (ad-jern'), v.t. to put off to 
 another day. 
 
 adjournment (ad-jern'ment), n. the 
 act of adjourning ; the postponement 
 of a meeting. 
 
 adjudge (ad-juj'), v.t. to determine 
 in a controversy. 
 
 adjudged (ad-jujd'), adj. determined 
 by judicial decree. 
 
 adjudgment (ad-juj'ment), n. the 
 act of judging. 
 
 adjudicate (ad-ju'di-kat), v.t. to try 
 and determine a case as a court. 
 
 adjudication (ad-ju'di-ka'shun), n. 
 the act of determining judicially ; a 
 judicial sentence. 
 
 adjudicator (a-ju'di-ka-ter), n. one 
 who adjudicates. 
 
 adjunct (ad'jungkt), n. something 
 added to another thing, but not an 
 essential part of it. 
 
 adjunctive (ad-jungk'tiv), adj. hav- 
 ing the quality of joining or uniting. 
 
 adjunctly (ad-jungkt-li), adv. in 
 connection with. 
 
 adjuration (ad-jti-ra'shun), n. the 
 solemn charging on oath ; the form 
 of an oath. 
 
 adjure (ad-jtir'), v.t. to command on 
 oath under pain of a penalty ; to 
 charge solemnly. 
 
 adjust (ad-just'), v.t. to fit, or make 
 exact ; to make correspondent ; to 
 make accurate. 
 
 adjuster (ad-jus'ter), n. one who 
 regulates or adjusts. 
 
 adjustment (ad-just'ment), n. the 
 act of adjusting. 
 
 adjutancy (ad'ju-tan-si), n. the of- 
 fice of an adjutant. 
 
 adjutant (ad'ju-tant), n. a regimen- 
 tal staff-officer who assists the 
 commanding officer. 
 
 adjutant-general (-jen'er-al), [pi. 
 adjutants-general], the chief staff- 
 officer of an army, through whom 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
adm 
 
 adu 
 
 all orders, &c, are received and is- 
 sued by the general commanding. 
 
 admeasure (ad-mezh'ur), v.t. to 
 measure dimensions ; apportion. 
 
 admeasurement ( ad-mezh'ur-ment ) , 
 n. a measurement by a rule. 
 
 administer (ad-min'is-ter), v.t. to 
 manage as chief agent or minister, as 
 a king, president, or judge ; direct 
 the application of the laws ; dis- 
 pense ; to cause to be taken, as med- 
 icine ; to give, as an oath or a sacra- 
 ment. 
 
 administerial ( ad-min-is-ter'i-al ) , 
 adj. pertaining to administration. 
 
 administrable ( ad-min'is-tra-bl ) , 
 adj. capable of being administered. 
 
 administration ( ad-min-is-tra' • 
 
 shun), n. the act of administering, 
 as government, justice, medicine, a 
 sacrament, or an intestate's estate; 
 the ministry. 
 
 administrative ( ad-min'is-tra-tiv ) , 
 adj. pertaining to administration. 
 
 administrator ( ad-min-is-tra'ter ) , 
 n. one who administers affairs ; one 
 who settles the estate of an intestate. 
 
 administratrix (-tra'triks), n. a 
 female administrator. 
 
 admirable (ad'mi-ra-bl), adj. wor- 
 thy of admiration ; excellent. 
 
 admiral (ad'mi-ral), n. the chief 
 commander of a fleet ; a naval offi- 
 cer of the highest rank. 
 
 Admiralty (ad'mi-ral-ti), n. [pi. 
 Admiralties (-tiz)], the department 
 of the English government having 
 authority over naval affairs; the 
 building in which British naval af- 
 fairs are transacted ; the office of an 
 admiral. 
 
 admiration ( ad-mi-ra'shun ) , n. won- 
 der excited by beauty or excellence. 
 
 admire (ad-mir'), v.t. to regard with 
 strong approval. 
 
 admissible (ad-mis'i-bl), adj. wor- 
 thy of being admitted. 
 
 admission (ad-mish'un), n. the 
 power or permission to enter ; the 
 granting of an argument. 
 
 admit (ad-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ad- 
 mitted, p.pr. admitting], to permit 
 to enter ; allow in argument ; re- 
 ceive. 
 
 admittable (ad-mit'a-bl), adj. ad- 
 missible. 
 
 admittance (ad-mit'ans), n. the 
 power or permission to enter. 
 
 admix (ad-miks'), v.t. to mix with 
 something else. 
 
 admixture ( ad-miks'tur ) , n. a com- 
 pound of substances mixed together. 
 
 admonish (ad-mon'ish), v.t. to re- 
 prove gently ; warn ; instruct. 
 
 admonition (ad-mo-nish'un), n. 
 friendly reproof or warning. 
 
 admonitory ( ad-mon'i-to-ri ) , adj. 
 conveying reproof or warning. 
 
 adnascent (ad-nas'ent), adj. grow- 
 ing upon something else. 
 
 adnate (ad'nat), adj. with organic 
 cohesion of unlike parts. 
 
 ado (a-doo'), n. bustle; trouble. 
 
 adobe (a-do'ba), n. unburnt brick 
 dried in the sun, used for building 
 in Central America and Mexico. 
 
 adolescence (ad-o-les'ens), n. the 
 period of life between puberty and 
 maturity ; youth. 
 
 adolescent (ad-o-les'ent), adj. grow- 
 ing to maturity. 
 
 adopt (a-dopf), v.t. to choose or take 
 to one's self, as a child, an opinion, 
 or a course of action. 
 
 adoption (a-dop'shun), n. the act of 
 adopting; the state of being adopt- 
 ed; voluntary acceptance; admis- 
 sion into more intimate relations. 
 
 adoptive (a-dop'tiv), adj. consti- 
 tuted by adoption. 
 
 adorable (a-dor'a-bl), adj. worthy of 
 worship. 
 
 adoration (ad-5-ra'shun), n. the act 
 of worship. 
 
 adore (a-dor'), v.t. to pay divine 
 honors to ; honor highly ; love in- 
 tensely; admire greatly: v.i. to of- 
 fer worship. 
 
 adorn (a-d6rn f ), v.t. to beautify; dig- 
 nify; ornament; embellish. 
 
 adornment (a-dSrn'ment), n. orna- 
 ment; decoration. 
 
 adown (a-doun'), adv. & prep, down- 
 ward ; down. 
 
 adrift (a-driff), adj. & adv. floating 
 at random. 
 
 adroit (a-droif), adj. exhibiting 
 skill ; dexterous. 
 
 adulation (ad-u-la'shun), n. inter- 
 ested praise; flattery. 
 
 adulator (ad'u-la-ter), n. a flatterer. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
adu 
 
 adv 
 
 adulatory (ad'u-la-to-ri), adj. flat- 
 tering. 
 
 adult (a-dult'), adj. grown up to full 
 age, size, and strength : n. a man or 
 a woman. 
 
 adulterant (a-dul'ter-ant), adj. 
 adulterating : n. the person or thing 
 that adulterates. 
 
 adulterate (a-dul'ter-at), v.t. to cor- 
 rupt by baser admixture : adj. 
 corrupted by baser admixture. 
 
 adulteration (a-dul'ter-a'shun), n. 
 the debasing or being debased by 
 admixture ; deterioration. 
 
 adulterator (a-dul'ter-a-ter), n. one 
 who corrupts or adulterates. 
 
 adulterer (a-dul'ter-er), n. a man 
 who commits adultery. 
 
 adulteress (-es), n. a woman who 
 commits adultery. 
 
 adulterous (a-dul'ter-us), ad;, guilty 
 of adultery. 
 
 adultery (a-dul'ter-i), n. [pi. adul- 
 teries (-iz)], violation of the mar- 
 riage-bed. 
 
 adumbrant (ad-um'brant), adj. 
 shadowing forth. 
 
 adumbrate (ad-um'brat), v.t. to 
 shadow forth; give a faint resem- 
 blance of. 
 
 adumbration (ad-um-bra'shun), n. 
 something that shadows forth. 
 
 adumbrative (ad-um'bra-tiv), adj. 
 faintly representing; typical. 
 
 aduncous (ad-ung'kus), adj. hooked, 
 as a parrot's bill. 
 
 advance (ad-vans'), v.i. to go for- 
 ward : v.t. to further ; to make a 
 payment of beforehand : n. improve- 
 ment ; an addition to or rise in 
 value; an overture (usually used in 
 pi.); a loan; payment beforehand. 
 
 advancement (ad-vans'ment), n. 
 furtherance ; progress ; promotion. 
 
 advantage (ad-van'taj), n. a state 
 of advance or forwardness ; a ben- 
 efit; the first point gained after 
 deuce. 
 
 advantageous (ad-van-ta'jus), adj. 
 of advantage; beneficial. 
 
 advent (ad'vent), n. a coming or ar- 
 rival. 
 
 Advent (ad'vent), n. the period in- 
 cluding the four Sundays before 
 Christmas. 
 
 adventitious (ad-ven-tish'us), adj. 
 happening by chance ; casual ; for- 
 tuitous ; accidental ; produced out of 
 normal and regular order. 
 
 adventual ( ad-ven'tu-al ) , adj. relat- 
 ing to the season of Advent. 
 
 adventure (ad-ven'tur), n. an event 
 the issue of which is determined by 
 chance : v.t. to hazard or risk. 
 
 adventurer (ad-ven'tur-er), n. one 
 who undertakes adventures ; a spec- 
 ulator; one who seeks social dis- 
 tinction by false or specious pre- 
 tenses. 
 
 adventuress ('tur-es), n. sl female 
 adventurer; (usually in a bad 
 sense). 
 
 adventuresome ( ad-ven'tur-sum ) , 
 or adventurous (ad-ven'tur-us), 
 adj. inclined to incur risk; full of 
 risk ; daring. 
 
 adverb (ad'verb), n. a word used to 
 modify the sense of a verb or adjec- 
 tive. 
 
 adverbial (ad-ver'bi-al), adj. of the 
 nature of an adverb. 
 
 adverbially (-li), adv. with the force 
 of an adverb. 
 
 adversary (ad'ver-sar-i), n. [pi. ad- 
 versaries (-iz)], an opponent. 
 
 adversative (ad-ver'sa-tiv), adj. ex- 
 pressing opposition. 
 
 adverse (ad'vers), adj. opposed to; 
 contrary; unfortunate; inimical. 
 
 adversity (ad-ver'si-ti), n. a state 
 of things adverse; the reverse of 
 prosperity ; misery. 
 
 advert ( ad-vert'), v.i. to turn one's 
 attention to ; refer. 
 
 advertence (ad-ver'tens), n. atten- 
 tion. 
 
 advertency (ad-ver'ten-si), n. the 
 habit of being attentive. 
 
 advertent (ad-ver'tent), adj. atten- 
 tive. 
 
 advertently (-li), adv. in an inten- 
 tional manner. 
 
 advertise (ad'ver-tiz), v.t. to turn 
 the attention of others to; an- 
 nounce; publish. 
 
 advertisement (ad-ver'tiz-ment), n. 
 a notice in a public print ; an an- 
 nouncement. 
 
 advice (ad- vis'), n. an opinion given 
 
 ate, Urm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
adv 
 
 for the practical direction of con- 
 duct; information given by letter; 
 counsel. 
 
 advisable (ad-vl'za-bl), adj. fit to be 
 advised ; prudent ; expedient. 
 
 advisability (ad-viz-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being advisable ; de- 
 sirability. 
 
 advise (ad-viz'), v.t. to offer an opin- 
 ion to ; counsel ; inform. 
 
 advised (ad-vlz'd), p. adj. acting 
 with caution. 
 
 advisedly (ad-vi'zed-li), adv. with 
 advice ; with intention ; deliberately. 
 
 advisory (ad-vi'zo-ri), adj. having 
 power to advise ; containing advice. 
 
 advocacy (ad'vo-ka-si), n. the act of 
 pleading for. 
 
 advocate (ad'vo-kat), n. one called 
 to the aid of another ; one who 
 pleads the cause of another. 
 
 advocator (ad'vo-ka-ter), n. an ad- 
 vocate ; a supporter. 
 
 advowee (ad-vou-e'), n. one who has 
 an advowson ; the patron of a living. 
 
 advowson (ad-vou'zn), n. the right 
 of presentation to a benefice. 
 
 adynamia (a-din-a'mi-a), n. great 
 debility ; physical weakness. 
 
 adze or adz (adz), n. a cutting tool 
 having a curved blade at right an- 
 gles to the handle, used for dressing 
 timber by ships' carpenters, coop- 
 ers, &c. adze-plane, a tool for 
 molding and rabbeting. 
 
 sedile or edile (e'dll), n. a Roman 
 magistrate who exercised supervi- 
 sion over the temples, public and 
 private buildings, the markets, pub- 
 lic games, sanitation, &c, hence a 
 municipal officer. 
 
 aeolian harp (e-o'li-an harp), n. a 
 stringed instrument, the wires of 
 which are set in motion by air. 
 
 aeon or eon (e'on), n. a period of im- 
 mense duration ; an age. 
 
 aerate (a'er-at), v.t. to combine or 
 charge with carbonic-acid gas, or 
 with air. 
 
 aerated bread (bred), n. bread 
 raised by charging the dough with 
 carbonic-acid gas. 
 
 aeration (a-er-a'shun), n. the act of 
 aerating ; oxygenation of the blood 
 by exposure to the air in respira- 
 tion. 
 
 aerial (a-e'ri-al), adj. belonging to 
 the air. 
 
 aerially (-li), adv. like the air. 
 
 aerification (a-er-if-i-ka'shun), n. 
 the state of being aeriform. 
 
 aeriform ( a'er-i-f orm ) , adj. having 
 the form of air ; gaseous. 
 
 aerify (a'er-i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 aerified, p.pr. aerifying], to combine 
 with air. 
 
 aero cyst (a'er-6-sist), n. one of the 
 air-bladders of alga?. 
 
 aerodrome (a'er-o-drom), n. a kind 
 of flying machine. 
 
 aero-dynamics ( a-er-o-di-nam'iks ) , 
 n. the science which treats of air in 
 motion. 
 
 aerogram (a.'er-5-gram), n. a wire- 
 less telegraph message. 
 
 aerolite (a'er-o-llt), n. a meteorite. 
 
 aerometer (a-er-om'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for weighing the air. 
 
 aeronaut (a'er-o-nawt), n. an aerial 
 navigator ; a balloonist. 
 
 aeronautic (a-er-o-naw'tik), or 
 aeronautical (-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to aeronautics. 
 
 aeronautics (a-er-o-naw'tiks), n. 
 aerial navigation. 
 
 aerophone (a.'er-5-fon), n. an in- 
 strument invented by Edison for 
 increasing the intensity of sound. 
 
 aeropbor ( a.'er-6-f er ) , n. an appara- 
 tus used in spinning-factories to 
 moisten the air, to counteract the 
 electricity produced by the friction 
 of the machinery. 
 
 aerophyte (a'er-o-fit), w. an air- 
 plant ; a parasitical plant. 
 
 aeroplane (a'er-o-plan), n. a flying 
 machine, distinguished from an air- 
 ship or balloon. 
 
 aerostat (a'er-o-stat), n. a balloon; 
 a flying machine. 
 
 aerostatic (a.-er-6-stat'ik), or aero- 
 statical (-al), adj. pertaining to 
 aerostatics. 
 
 aerostatics (a.-er-5-stat'iks), n. the 
 science which treats of the equilib- 
 rium of bodies sustained in air. 
 
 aery (er'i), n. an eagle's nest; a 
 brood of eagles or hawks. 
 
 sesthesiometer ( es-the-si-om f e-ter ) , 
 n. an instrument for determining 
 sensibility of touch. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
aff 
 
 aesthetic or esthetic (es-thet'ik), 
 adj. pertaining to aesthetics. 
 
 aesthetic school (-skool), a school 
 of art composed of devotees of the 
 beautiful. 
 
 aestheticism (es-thet'i-sizm), n. love 
 for, or devotion to, the beautiful. 
 
 aesthetics or esthetics (es-thet'iks), 
 n. the science or theory of the beau- 
 tiful. 
 
 aether. See ether. 
 
 aethrioscope (eth'ri-o-skop), n. an 
 instrument for measuring changes 
 of temperature of the sky, as when 
 clear or clouded. 
 
 aetiology. See etiology. 
 
 afar (a-far'), adv. at, to, or from, a 
 distance. 
 
 affability (af-a-bil'i-ti), n. the qual- 
 ity of being affable. 
 
 affable (af'a-bl), adj. easy to be ad- 
 dressed ; courteous. 
 
 affair (af-ar'), n. that which is done, 
 or is to be done ; business. 
 
 affect (af-fekt'), v.t. to produce an 
 effect upon ; seek by natural affin- 
 ity ; assume the appearance of ; pre- 
 tend. 
 
 affectation (af-ek-ta'shun), n. the 
 assuming a manner which is not 
 one's own. 
 
 affecting (af-fek'ting), adj. having 
 power to excite the emotions ; pa- 
 thetic. 
 
 affection (af-fek'shun), n. having 
 the feelings affected ; inclination ; 
 attachment ; fondness ; disease. 
 
 affectional ( af-f ek'shun-al ) , adj. re- 
 lating to the affections. 
 
 affectionate (af-fek'shun-at), adj. 
 having affection ; kind. 
 
 afferent (af'fer-ent), adj. conveying 
 inwards or to a part. 
 
 affiance (af-fl'ans), n. trust; a mar- 
 riage-contract : v.t. to betroth. 
 
 affidavit (af-i-da'vit), n. a sworn 
 statement in writing. 
 
 affiliable (af-fil'i-a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being affiliated. 
 
 affiliate (af-fil'i-at), v.t. to assign a 
 child to its father ; connect with 
 in origin ; connect with a parent 
 society : v.i. to be intimately con- 
 nected or associated (followed by 
 with). 
 
 affiliation (af-fil-i-a'shun), n. as- 
 signment of a child to its father; 
 connection by way of descent. 
 
 affinity (af-fin'i-ti), n. {pi. affinities 
 (-tiz)], nearness of kin. [Affinity 
 is relationship by marriage ; con- 
 sanguinity, relationship by blood.] 
 Physical or chemical attraction; a 
 relationship between species or 
 groups depending on similarity of 
 structure. 
 
 affirm (af-ferm'), v.t. to assert 
 strongly : v.i. to confirm, as a judg- 
 ment, decree, or order, in an appel- 
 late court ; aver. 
 
 affirmance (af-fer'mans), n. confir- 
 mation. 
 
 affirmant (af-fer'mant), n. one who 
 affirms ; one who affirms instead of 
 taking an oath. 
 
 affirmation (af-er-ma'shun), n. an 
 averment; the solemn declaration 
 permitted to those who have con- 
 scientious scruples about taking an 
 oath. 
 
 affirmative (af-feVma.-t.iv), n. that 
 which affirms : adj. relating to, or 
 containing, an affirmation; positive. 
 
 affix (af-fix'), v.t. to fix to; attach: 
 n. a letter or syllable added to the 
 end of a word ; a suffix. 
 
 afflatus (af-fla/tus), n. a breath or 
 blast of wind ; inspiration. 
 
 afflict (af-flikf), v.t. to cause pro- 
 longed pain to body or mind ; dis- 
 tress. 
 
 affliction (af-flik'shun), n. pro- 
 longed pain of body or mind ; dis- 
 tress. 
 
 afflictive (af-flik'tiv), adj. causing 
 pain. 
 
 affluence (af'lu-ens), n. an abundant 
 supply, as of thoughts, words, rich- 
 es ; wealth. 
 
 affluent (af'lu-ent), n. a tributary 
 stream : adj. abundant. 
 
 afflux (af'luks), n. an increase; an 
 influx. 
 
 afford (af-f5rd'), v.t. to supply; pro- 
 duce; yield; be capable of bearing 
 the expense of. 
 
 affranchise (af-fran'shiz), v.t. tD 
 make free ; enfranchise. 
 
 affray (af-fra/), n. the fighting of 
 two or more persons in a public 
 place to the terror of others. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
aff 
 
 affright (af-frit'), v.t. to frighten; 
 terrify ; alarm ; confuse. 
 
 affront (af-frunt'), v.t. to confront, 
 oppose face to face ; insult designedly. 
 
 affusion (af-fu'zhun), n. the act of 
 pouring upon. 
 
 Afghan (af'gan), adj. pertaining to 
 Afghanistan : n. a native of Afghan- 
 istan. 
 
 afghan (af'gan), n. a crocheted or 
 knitted soft wool blanket or car- 
 riage-robe. 
 
 afield (a-feld'), adv. to, in, or on, the 
 field ; astray. 
 
 aflame (a-flam'), adj. & adv. in 
 flames ; ablaze. 
 
 afloat (a-flot'), adj. & adv. floating; 
 in circulation ; unfixed ; adrift. 
 
 afoot (a-foot'), adv. on foot; astir. 
 
 afraid (a-frad'), adj. frightened. 
 
 afresh (a-fresh'), adv. again; anew. 
 
 African (afrik'an), adj. pertaining 
 to Africa ; also Afric : n. a native 
 of Africa. 
 
 Africander (af-ri-kan'der), n. a na- 
 tive of South Africa born of white 
 parents. 
 
 aft (aft'), adj. & adv. towards the 
 stern. 
 
 after (after), adj. next, subsequent, 
 later : prep, behind in place ; in suc- 
 cession to ; later in time ; in imita- 
 tion of ; according to ; next in rank 
 or excellence ; in proportion to ; in 
 pursuit of : adv. behind ; subsequent 
 in time or place : n. the future. 
 
 after-clap (-klap), n. an untoward 
 event happening after an affair is 
 supposed to be at an end. 
 
 after- damp (-damp), n. the car- 
 bonic acid found in coal-mines after 
 an explosion of fire-damp ; choke- 
 damp. 
 
 after-hold (-hold), n. that part of 
 the hold which lies abaft the main- 
 mast. 
 
 aftermath (-math), n. a second 
 mowing in a season. 
 
 afternoon (af-ter-noon'),n. the part 
 of the day between noon and even- 
 ing. 
 
 afterward (after-ward), or after- 
 wards (-wardz), adv. at a later 
 time ; subsequently. 
 
 after- wit (-wit), n. wisdom that 
 comes too late. 
 
 agg 
 
 again (a-gen'), adv. a second time; 
 in return ; further ; anew. 
 
 against (a-gensf), prep, opposite to; 
 in opposition to ; contrary to one's 
 inclinations. 
 
 agape (a-gap'), adj. & adv. gaping; 
 with the mouth wide open in a state 
 of expectation or astonishment. 
 
 agate (ag'at), n. a precious stone, a 
 variety of chalcedony ; Scotch peb- 
 ble. 
 
 agaty (ag'a-ti), adj. of the nature of 
 agate. 
 
 age (aj), n. a particular period of 
 time in life or in history ; time : v.i. 
 to grow old. 
 
 agency (a'jen-si), n. operation; ac- 
 tion ; an establishment for the pur- 
 pose of doing business for another. 
 
 agent ( a'jent ) , n. one who acts, espe- 
 cially for another ; an active power 
 or cause. 
 
 agglomerate (ag-glom'er-at), v.t. 
 to gather into a heap ; accumulate. 
 
 agglomeration ( ag-glom-er-a'shun ) , 
 n. a heap. 
 
 agglomera tive ( ag-glom'er-a-tiv ) , 
 adj. tending to gather together. 
 
 agglutinant (ag-glu'ti-nant), adj. 
 uniting: n. any sticky substance 
 which causes bodies to adhere to- 
 gether. 
 
 agglutinate (ag-ghi'ti-nat), v.t. to 
 glue together : adj. glued together. 
 
 agglutination ( ag-glu-ti-na'shun ) , 
 n. the act or condition of being 
 united or joined together. 
 
 aggrandize (ag'gran-diz), v.t. to 
 make great or greater in power, 
 rank, or riches ; augment. 
 
 aggrandizement ( ag'gran-dlz- 
 ment), n. exaltation; advancement. 
 
 aggravate (ag'gra-vat), v.t. to add 
 to a load ; be troublesome ; intensify. 
 
 aggravating (ag'gra-va-ting), p. adj. 
 making worse or more heinous. 
 
 aggravation (ag-gra-va'shun), n. 
 the act of making worse. 
 
 aggregate (ag'-gre-gat), v.t. to col- 
 lect or bring together ; gather into 
 a mass or body ; accumulate : n. 
 total ; mass ; a mass formed by the 
 union of similar particles : adj. 
 formed into a mass or total. 
 
 aggregation (ag'gre-ga'shun), n. a 
 collection of particulars. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
agg 
 
 aggregative (ag'gre-ga-tiv), adj. 
 collective; social. 
 
 aggress (ag-gres'), v.i. to attack; 
 begin a quarrel or controversy. 
 
 aggression (ag-gresh'un), n. unpro- 
 voked attack. 
 
 aggressive (ag-gres'iv), adj. un- 
 justly attacking. 
 
 aggressor (ag-gres'er), n. one who 
 attacks. 
 
 aggrieve (ag-grev'), v.t. to bear 
 heavily upon ; oppress. 
 
 aghast (a-gast'), adj. struck with 
 sudden astonishment, or terror. 
 
 agile (aj'il), adj. easily driven 
 about ; active in body ; nimble. 
 
 agility (a-jil'i-ti), n. nimbleness. 
 
 agio (a'ji-o), n. [pi. agios (-oz)], 
 the premium on money or foreign 
 bills of exchange ; discount. 
 
 agiotage (aj'i-o-taj), n. exchange 
 business ; stock-jobbing. 
 
 agitable (aj'i-ta-bl), adj. capable 
 of being moved, or debated ; debata- 
 ble. 
 
 agitate (aj'i-tat), v.t. to stir vio- 
 lently ; discuss ; excite ; revolve in 
 the mind ; disturb ; keep constantly 
 before the public. 
 
 agitation (aj-i-ta'shun), n. the act 
 of agitating ; excitement ; discus- 
 sion. 
 
 agitative (aj'i-ta-tiv), adj. tending 
 to agitate. 
 
 agitator (aj'i-ta-ter), n. one who 
 starts or keeps up a political or 
 other agitation ; an implement for 
 stirring. 
 
 aglow (a-glo'), adj. & adv. in a glow ; 
 glowing. 
 
 aglntition (ag-lu-tish'un), n. ina- 
 bility to swallow. 
 
 agnail (ag'nal), n. a sore under or 
 near the nail ; a whitlow. 
 
 agnomen (ag-no'men), n. an addi- 
 tional name or epithet, as Milton, 
 the poet. 
 
 agnostic (ag-nos'tik), n. one who 
 denies that man possesses any 
 knowledge of the ultimate nature of 
 things ; one who neither affirms nor 
 denies the existence of a personal 
 Deity : adj. pertaining to the agnos- 
 tics or their teachings ; expressing 
 ignorance. 
 
 ♦ agr 
 
 agnosticism (ag-nos'ti-sizm), n. the 
 doctrines of the agnostics. 
 
 ago (a-go'), adj. gone; past (used 
 always after the noun) : adv. in 
 past time (used only in the phrase 
 long ago). 
 
 agog (a-gog'),- adj. & adv. in agita- 
 tion or expectation ; eager. 
 
 agoing (a-go'ing), adv. on the go- 
 ing; in motion. 
 
 agonistics (ag-o-nis'tiks), n. the 
 science of athletic combats. 
 
 agonize (ag'-o-nlz), v.i. to suffer 
 anguish, make convulsive efforts : 
 v.t. to torture. 
 
 agonizingly ( ag'o-ni-zing-li ) , adv. 
 with anguish or struggles. 
 
 agony (ag'o-ni), n. [pi. agonies 
 (-niz)], extreme pain; anguish. 
 
 agouti (a-goo'ti), n. a rodent found 
 in the West Indies and South 
 America. 
 
 agrarian (a-gra'ri-an), adj. relating 
 to land, or to land-tenure ; growing 
 wild in the fields : n. one who is in 
 favor of a redistribution of land. 
 
 agrarianism ( a-gra'ri-an-ism ) , n. 
 the principle of a uniform division 
 of land; agitation with respect to 
 land-tenure. 
 
 agree (a-gre'), v.i. to harmonize phys- 
 ically, mentally, or morally; to ac- 
 cord. 
 
 agreeability (a-gre-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 agreeableness. 
 
 agreeable ( a-gre'a-bl ) , adj. pleasing© 
 to the mind or senses. 
 
 agreement (a-gre'ment),w. harmony 
 of opinions or feelings ; concord of 
 one word with another in gender, 
 number, case, or person ; a com- 
 pact ; a contract ; mutual under- 
 standing. 
 
 agricultural (ag-ri-kul'tur-al), adj. 
 pertaining to tillage. 
 
 agriculture (ag'ri-kul-tur), n. the 
 science and art of cultivating fields 
 by the plow, &c. ; tillage ; farming. 
 
 agriculturist ( ag-ri-kul'ttir-ist ) , n. 
 one engaged in tillage ; a farmer. 
 
 agrin (a-grin'), adj. & adv. in the 
 act or state of grinning. 
 
 aground (a-ground'), adj. & adv. on 
 the ground; the situation of a ship 
 whose bottom touches the ground ; 
 stranded. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 

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agu 
 
 ala 
 
 ague (a'gti),w. an intermittent fever; 
 the cold fit of the intermittent fever. 
 
 ague-cake (-kak), n. an enlargement 
 of th$ spleen produced by ague. 
 
 aguish (a'gu-ish), adj. having the 
 qualities of an ague; producing 
 ague ; intermittent. 
 
 ah (a), inter j. an exclamation ex- 
 pressive of sudden emotion. 
 
 aha (a-ha')» inter}, an exclamation 
 expressive of satisfaction or irony. 
 
 ahead (a-hed'), adv. in the front; 
 forward. 
 
 aheap (a-hep'), adv. in a heap. 
 
 ahem (a-hem'), inter j. an exclama- 
 tion to call attention. 
 
 ahoy (a-hoi'), inter j. a term used in 
 hailing a vessel. 
 
 ahull (a-hul'), adv. with sails furled 
 and helm lashed alee : said of a ship 
 in a storm. 
 
 ai (a'i), n. [pi. ais (a'ez)], the three- 
 toed sloth of America. 
 
 aid (ad), v.t. to assist; support: n. 
 help ; assistance. 
 
 aide-de-camp (ad'de-kong), n. [pi. 
 aides-de-camp], an officer who as- 
 sists a general. 
 
 aigret (a'gret) or aigrette (a- 
 gret' ) , n. the small white heron ; a 
 plume arranged in imitation of the 
 feathers of the heron, worn on hel- 
 mets, and as an article of women's 
 head-attire; a feathery crown of 
 seed. 
 
 ail (ai), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr. 
 -ing], to give or cause pain: v.i. to 
 feel pain ; be afflicted with pain. 
 
 ailmeut (al'ment), n. a slight dis- 
 order of the body ; sickness. 
 
 aim (am), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr. 
 -ing], to endeavor after; direct at 
 something ; seek : n. a purpose ; an 
 endeavor. 
 
 air (ar), v.t. to expose to the air; 
 dry, thoroughly, as clothes ; to ex- 
 hibit ostentatiously : n. the fluid 
 which we breathe ; the atmosphere ; 
 external manner ; appearance ; bear- 
 ing ; a melody. 
 
 air-gas (-gas), n. an illuminating 
 gas made from air charged with the 
 vapor of petroleum, naphtha, &c. 
 
 air-guu (-gun), n. a gun discharged 
 by the elastic force of condensed 
 air. 
 
 airily (ar'i-li), adv. in an airy man- 
 ner; gaily. 
 
 airiuess (ar'i-nes), n. the state of 
 being airy ; gaiety. 
 
 airing (ar'ing), n. a walk, ride, or 
 drive in the open air ; exposure to 
 the air or fire. 
 
 air-line (-lin), n. a straight line. 
 Also called a bee-line. 
 
 air-plant (-plant), n. a plant which 
 ^derives its nourishment from the air. 
 
 aii'-pump (-pump), n. el machine 
 for exhausting the air from a re- 
 ceiver ; the pump used to exhaust 
 the water and gases from the con- 
 denser of a steam-engine. 
 
 airship (ar'ship), n. a steerable bal- 
 loon. 
 
 airy (ar'i), adj. exposed to or com- 
 posed of air ; ..breezy ; unsubstan- 
 tial; gay. 
 
 aisle (il), n. the wing of a church. 
 
 ajar (a-jar'), adj. & adv. slightly 
 turned or opened, as a door ; put of 
 harmony. 
 
 a jog (a-jog')» adv. on the jog; jog- 
 ging. 
 
 akimbo (a-kim'bo), adv. with the 
 hands on the hips and the elbows 
 turned outwards. 
 
 akin ( a-kin' ) , adj. & adv. of kin ; re- 
 lated by blood; allied by nature. 
 
 alabaster (al'a-bas-ter), n. a white 
 marble-like mineral ; a box made of 
 alabaster, in which the ancients held 
 ointments : adj. made of, or trans- 
 parent like, alabaster. 
 
 alack ( a-lak' ) , inter j. an exclamation 
 expressive of blame, sorrow, or sur- 
 prise. 
 
 alacrity (a-lak'ri-ti), n. eager readi- 
 ness; joyous activity; briskness. 
 
 alalia (a-la'li-a), n. loss of speech 
 by paralysis of the muscles. 
 
 alalus (al'a-lus), n. the hypothetical 
 ape-man. 
 
 alamode (a-la-mod'), adv. in the 
 fashion : adj. fashionable : n. sl thin, 
 light, glossy black silk. 
 
 alar (a'lar), adj. pertaining to or 
 having wings ; wing-shaped. 
 
 alarm (a-larm'), v.t. arouse to a 
 sense of danger ; strike with appre- 
 hension of danger : n. a call to arms ; 
 a warning of danger ; the apprehen- 
 sion of danger. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ala 
 
 alarming (a-larm'ing), adj. exciting 
 apprehension ; ominous. 
 
 alary (a'la-ri), adj. of or pertaining 
 to wings ; wing-shaped. 
 
 alas (a-las'), inter j. an exclamation 
 expressive of unhappiness. 
 
 alate (a'lat) or alated (-ed), adj. 
 having wings or wing-like side-ap- 
 pendages. 
 
 alb (alb), n. a white priestly vest- 
 ment worn at the celebration of the 
 Eucharist in the Roman Catholic 
 Church and in some Anglican 
 churches. 
 
 albata (al-ba'ta), n. an alloy imi- 
 tating silver ; German silver. 
 
 albatross (al'ba-tros), n. a sea-bird 
 * allied to the petrel, inhabiting the 
 Pacific and Southern Oceans. 
 
 albeit (awl-be'it),, conj. although; 
 even though ; notwithstanding. 
 
 albino (al-bi'no), n. a person with 
 white skin and hair and pinkish 
 eyes; a man, animal, or plant ab- 
 normally white in color. 
 
 albugineous (al-bu-jin'e-us), adj. of 
 the nature of white-of-egg ; albumi- 
 nous. 
 
 album (al'bum), n. a blank book in 
 which to insert autographs, photo- 
 graphs, stamps, &c. 
 
 albumen (al-bu'men), n. the white 
 of an egg ; the nutritious farina- 
 ceous matter stored up with the em- 
 bryo of an animator plant. 
 
 albumenize (al-bu'men-iz), v.t. in 
 photography, to coat paper with an 
 albuminous solution. 
 
 albumin (al-bu'min), n. a variant of 
 albumen. 
 
 albuminoid (al-bu'mi-noid), adj. 
 like albumen : n. a class of organic 
 compounds which form the chief 
 part of the organs and tissues of 
 animals and plants ; proteids. 
 
 albuminous (al-bu'mi-nus) or al- 
 buminose (-nos), adj. like, or con- 
 taining albumen. 
 
 albuminuria (al-bu'mi-nti'ri-a), n. 
 the presence of albumen in the kid- 
 neys and the urine. 
 
 alburnum (al-ber'num), n. the 
 white and softer part of wood be- 
 tween the bark and the heart-wood ; 
 sap-wood. 
 
 alg 
 
 alcalde (al-kal'da), n. a magistrate 
 or justice in Spain or Portugal. 
 
 alchemist (al'ke-mist), n. one who 
 studies or practices alchemy. 
 
 alchemy (al'ke-mi), n. the chemistry 
 of the Middle Ages ; the professed 
 art of transmuting the baser metals 
 into gold. 
 
 alcohol (al'ko-hol), n. pure or recti- 
 fied spirits of wine; the spirituous 
 or intoxicating element in ferment- 
 ed liquors ; rectified spirits ; a class 
 of compounds of the same type as 
 spirits of wine. 
 
 alcoholic (al-ko-hol'ik), adj. con- 
 taining alcohol: -s, n.pl. alcoholic 
 liquors. 
 
 alcoholism (al'ko-hol-izm), n. a 
 diseased condition produced by alco- 
 hol. 
 
 alcoholization ( al-ko-hol-i-za/shun ) 
 n. subjection to the influence of al- 
 cohol. 
 
 alcoholize (al'ko-hol-iz), v.t. to sub- 
 ject to the influence of alcohol; to 
 rectify (spirits of wine). 
 
 Alcoran (al'ko-ran & al-ko-ran'), n. 
 the Koran ; the Mohammedan Bible. 
 
 alcove (al-kov'), n. a recess in a 
 room or a garden ; a bower. 
 
 alder (awl'der), n. a genus of plants 
 growing in moist land and related 
 to the birch. 
 
 alderman (awl'der-man), n.; pi. 
 aldermen (-men), in. English and 
 Irish cities and boroughs a magis- 
 trate next in dignity to the mayor; 
 certain members of county councils 
 elected by those bodies. 
 
 ale (al), n. a liquor made from an 
 infusion of malt by fermentation. 
 
 alee (a-le')> adv. & adj. on the lee or 
 sheltered side of the ship; opposite 
 to aweather. 
 
 alert (a-lert'), adj. on the watch; 
 active: n. an alarm; a sudden at- 
 tack. 
 
 alexandrine (al-eks-an'drin), n. a 
 kind of heroic verse of six iambic 
 feet, or twelve syllables. 
 
 algae (al'je), n.pl. one of the great 
 divisions of cryptogamic plants, 
 including seaweeds and kindred 
 fresh-water plants. 
 
 algebra (al'je-bra), n. the science of 
 calculation by general symbols. 
 
 Ste, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon,, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
alg 
 
 algebraic (al'je-brii-ik) or alge- 
 braical ('ik-i\l), adj. occurring in 
 or dealing with algebra. 
 
 algebraically (-li), adv. by means 
 of algebraic processes. 
 
 algine (al'jin), n. a substance ob- 
 tained from seaweed, and used in 
 manufactures instead of horn. 
 
 alias (a'li-as), adv. otherwise 
 [named] : n. [pi. aliases (-ez)], an- 
 other name ; an assumed name. 
 
 alibi (al'i-bl), n. the plea of having 
 been elsewhere when the alleged act 
 was committed. 
 
 alien (a'li-en), adj. belonging to an- 
 other : n. a foreign-born resident of 
 a country in which he is not nat- 
 uralized. 
 
 alienability (a-li-en-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being alienable; sal- 
 ability. 
 
 alienage (a'li-en-aj), n. the state or 
 legal status of an alien. 
 
 alienate (a'li-en-at), v.t. to estrange, 
 as the affections ; transfer to an- 
 other, as property. 
 
 alienation (a-li-en-a'shun), n. es- 
 trangement ; transference ; diver- 
 sion to another purpose; mental de- 
 rangement. 
 
 alienism (a'li-en-izm), n. the posi- 
 tion of being an alien; the study 
 and treatment of mental diseases. 
 
 aliform (al'i-f6rm), adj. wing- 
 shaped. 
 
 alight (a-llf), v.i. to dismount; to 
 descend and settle; to come upon 
 accidentally: adj. lighted; lighted- 
 up; in a flame. 
 
 align (a-lin'), same as aline. 
 
 alignment (a-lin'ment), same as 
 alinement. 
 
 alike (a-lik'), adj. like one another: 
 adv. in like manner ; similar. 
 
 aliment (al'i-ment), n. food; the 
 necessaries of life generally; an al- 
 lowance for support by decree of 
 court : v.t . to make provision for 
 the maintenance of; make provision 
 for the support of parents or chil- 
 dren respectively. 
 
 alimental (al-i-men'tal), adj. hav- 
 ing the quality of, or supplying the 
 materals for, nourishing. 
 
 alimentary (al-i-men'ta-ri), adj. 
 pertaining to food ; nutritious. 
 
 alimentary canal (ka-nal'), n. the 
 great duct which conveys food to 
 the stomach and carries off solid 
 excreta. 
 
 alimentation (al-i-men-ta'shun), n. 
 the act of giving nourishment; the 
 function of the alimentary canal. 
 
 alimentiveness ( al-i-men'tiv-nes ) • 
 n. the instinct for food. 
 
 alimony (al'i-mon-i), n. means of 
 living ; an allowance made by decree 
 of court to a wife out of her hus- 
 band's estate on separation, or 
 pending an action for the same. 
 
 aline (a-lin'), v.t. to lay out or ad- 
 just by a line : v.i. to form or fall 
 into a line. 
 
 alinement (a-lin'ment), n. the act 
 of laying out or adjusting by a 
 line ; the ground-plan of a railway 
 or road. 
 
 aliped (al'i-ped), adj. wing-footed, 
 like the bat. 
 
 aliquant (al'i-kwant), adj. being a 
 part of a number which does not 
 divide it without a remainder, as 8 
 is an aliquant part of 25. 
 
 aliquot (al'i-kwot), adj. being a part 
 of a number or quantity which will 
 divide it without a remainder, as 8 
 is an aliquot part of 24. 
 
 alive (a-Hv'), adj. having life; in a 
 state of action ; sprightly ; sensi- 
 tive; thronged. 
 
 alkahest (al'ka-hest), n. the pre- 
 tended universal solvent of the al- 
 chemists. 
 
 alkalescent (al-ka-les'sent), adj. 
 tending to become alkaline. 
 
 alkali (al'ka-li & -H), n. [pi. alkalis 
 & -ies], one of a class of caustic 
 bases, as soda, potash, having the 
 common properties of being soluble 
 in water and in alcohol, combining 
 with fats to form soap, neutralizing 
 acids and forming salts with them, 
 and changing the tint of many vege- 
 table coloring-matters. 
 
 alkaline (al'ka-lin & -Hn), adj. per- 
 taining to, or having the properties 
 of, an alkali. 
 
 alkaloid (al'ka-loid), n. a body or 
 substance containing alkaline prop- 
 erties ; pi. nitrogenous compounds 
 met with in plants in combination 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mife; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
alk 
 
 all 
 
 with organic acids : adj. resembling 
 an alkali in its properties. 
 
 alkanet (al'ka-net), n. a plant the 
 root of which yields the rich red dye 
 of commerce. 
 
 all (awl), adj. the whole quantity of, 
 as substance, duration, extent, 
 amount, or degree ; the whole num- 
 ber of, collectively, as individuals, 
 particulars, or parts ; every, as with 
 kind ; any, used after a preposition 
 or verb : pron. the whole ; the whole 
 quantity or amount ; total ; aggre- 
 gate : n. a whole ; an entirety ; one's 
 entire possessions : adv. wholly ; en- 
 tirely ; completely. 
 
 all along (a/long), adv.phr. through- 
 out. 
 
 all but (but), adv.phr. everything 
 but ; almost. 
 
 all-fours (-forz), n. a game of cards 
 which comprises four points or 
 chances for scoring : adv. on hands 
 and knees. 
 
 all-hail (hal), inter j. all health! a 
 phrase of salutation. 
 
 All-hallows (hal'oz), n. pi. All 
 Saints' Day, celebrated on the first 
 of November, in honor of all the 
 saints. 
 
 all one (wun), adj. & n. in effect the 
 same ; quite the same. 
 
 all-round (round), adj. versatile; 
 capable of doing anything ; many- 
 sided. 
 
 all-sorts (sorts), n. remnants of 
 various liquors blended together. 
 
 All Souls' Day (solz da), n.pl. the 
 day, celebrated second of November 
 by the Roman Catholic Church, in 
 honor of the departed. 
 
 all told (awl told), adv. all counted. 
 
 Allah (al'la), n. the Arabic name 
 for the Supreme Being, in use 
 among the Mohammedans. 
 
 allay (al-la'), v.t. to quiet or calm; 
 assuage ; appease ; abate ; mitigate ; 
 relieve ; as pain or grief. 
 
 allegation (al-e-ga'shun), n. the act 
 of alleging ; assertion ; declaration ; 
 that which is asserted or alleged ; 
 
 i that which is offered as a plea, an 
 excuse, or justification ; the state- 
 ment of a party to a suit of that 
 which he is prepared to prove. 
 
 allege (al-lej'), v.t. to produce or 
 
 adduce as argument, plea, or ex- 
 cuse ; affirm ; declare ; assert. 
 
 allegeable (al-lej'a-bl), adj. that 
 may be alleged or affirmed. 
 
 allegiance (al-le'jans), n. the tie or 
 obligation of a subject to his sover- 
 eign or government ; fealty ; fidelity 
 to a cause or person. 
 
 allegoric (al-e-gor'ik) or allegori- 
 cal ( al-e-gor'i-kal ) , adj. pertaining 
 to, consisting of, or in the nature 
 of allegory ; figurative. 
 
 allegorically (-li), adv. figurative- 
 ly ; in an allegorical manner. 
 
 allegorize ( al'e-go-rlz ) , v.t. to turn 
 into allegory ; to treat allegorically ; 
 to interpret in an allegorical sense : 
 v.i. to make use of, or indulge in, 
 allegory. 
 
 allegory (al'e-go-ri), n. [pi. allego- 
 ries (-riz)], a figurative manner of 
 treating a subject by the use of 
 other terms analogous in properties 
 or circumstances ; a figurative rep- 
 resentation in which the meaning is 
 conveyed symbolically. 
 
 alleviate (al-le'vi-at),vX to lighten; 
 lessen ; make easier ; mitigate. 
 
 alleviation (al-le-vi-a'shun), n. the 
 act of alleviating; that which les- 
 sens or lightens. 
 
 alleviative (al-le'vi-a-tiv), adj. tend- 
 ing to alleviate: n. that which alle- 
 viates. 
 
 alleviator (al-le'vi-a-ter),w. one who, 
 or that which, alleviates. 
 
 alley (al'i), n. [pi. alleys (-iz)], a 
 passage ; a way ( generally narrow ) ; 
 a lane. 
 
 alliaceous (al-i-a'shus), adj. of the 
 nature or property of garlic or the 
 onion. 
 
 alliance (al-li'ans), n. the state of 
 being allied ; relation or connection 
 by birth or marriage; union be- 
 tween nations. 
 
 alligation (al-i-ga/shun), n. a rule 
 for ascertaining the value or price 
 of a compound by determining the 
 relative proportions and prices of 
 the ingredients. 
 
 alligator (al'i-ga-ter), n. the Ameri- 
 can crocodile. 
 
 alliteration (al-lit-e-ra'shun),w. the 
 repetition of the same initial letter 
 in closely-succeeding words, or in 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
all 
 
 all 
 
 words directly following each other, 
 as "apt alliteration's artful aid." 
 
 alliterative (al-lit'e-ra-tiv), adj. 
 pertaining to, or characterized by, 
 alliteration. 
 
 allocate (al'o-kat), v.t. to assign or 
 allot ; distribute, as in equal or pro- 
 portionate parts or shares. 
 
 allocation (al-5-ka.'shun), n. the act 
 of allotting, allocating, or assigning ; 
 an allotment or assignment ; an al- 
 lowance made on an account. 
 
 allocution (al-o-ku'shun), n. an ad- 
 dress of a formal nature, as that 
 delivered by the Pope to his clergy 
 or to the Church generally. 
 
 allodial (a-lo'di-al), adj. freehold; 
 not feudal : n. land thus held. 
 
 allodium (a-lo'di-um), n. [pi. allo- 
 dia (-a)], freehold estate. 
 
 allograph (al'o-graf), n. a signature 
 by one person on behalf of another : 
 opposed to autograph. 
 
 allomorphism (al-o-mor'fizm), n. 
 the property in certain substances 
 of assuming a different form while 
 remaining the same in constitution. 
 
 allopath (al'o-path), n. one who fa- 
 vors or practices allopathy ; an al- 
 lopathist. 
 
 allopathic (al-o-path'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to allopathy. 
 
 allopathically (-al-li), adv. in an 
 allopathic manner. 
 
 allopathy (al-op'a-thi), n. a method 
 of treating disease by inducing an 
 action opposite to the disease it is 
 sought to cure ; opposed to homoeop- 
 athy. 
 
 alloquialism (a-lo'kwi-al-izm), w. a 
 phrase or manner of speech used in 
 addressing. 
 
 allot (a-lof), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. allotted 
 p.pr. allotting], to distribute or di- 
 vide, as by lot ; apportion, as shares ; 
 assign or grant for a specific pur- 
 pose. 
 
 allotment (a-lot'ment). n. the act 
 of allotting; that which is allotted; 
 a portion of land assigned or al- 
 lotted. 
 
 allotropic (al-o-trop'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to or characterized by al- 
 lotropy. 
 
 allotropism (a-lot'ro-pizm), n. di- 
 versity of molecular arrangement. 
 
 allotropy ( a-lot'ro-pi ) , n. the capa- 
 bility shown by certain chemical 
 elements to assume different forms, 
 each characterized by peculiar 
 qualities, as the occurrence of car- 
 bon in the form of the diamond, 
 charcoal, and plumbago respective- 
 ly. 
 
 alio tee (al-lot-te'), n. one to whom 
 an allotment or share is granted or 
 assigned. 
 
 allow (a-lou'), v.t. to grant, yield; 
 admit ; deduct ; permit ; approve : 
 v.i. to make concession or provision 
 (followed by for). 
 
 allowable ( a-lou'a-bl ) , adj. that may 
 be allowed ; permissible ; lawful ; 
 praiseworthy ; acceptable. 
 
 allowance (a-lou'ans), n. the act 
 of allowing ; admission ; concession ; 
 a definite sum granted ; sanction or 
 approval ; abatement or deduction : 
 v.t. to put upon allowance ; limit to 
 a fixed expenditure or consumption 
 of money or food. 
 
 alloy ( a-loi' ) , v.t. to combine ; to 
 form a compound, by fusion, of two 
 or more metals; reduce in standard 
 or quality by mixture, as with a 
 metal of baser value ; debase : n. a 
 compound of two or more metals ; 
 an admixture of evil with good. 
 
 all right (awl'rit), adv. rightly, in 
 a right manner. 
 
 allspice (awl'spis), n. the fruit or 
 berry of the pimento : so named in 
 allusion to its taste being supposed 
 to combine the flavors of other 
 spices. 
 
 allude (a-lud')» v.t. to compare: v.i. 
 refer or make an allusion indirectly 
 (with to). 
 
 allure (a-lur'), v.t. to tempt by the 
 offer of something good, real or ap- 
 parent ; entice ; attract. 
 
 allurement (a-lur'ment), n. the act 
 of alluring, or that which allures. 
 
 allusion (a-hi'zhun), n. a casual ref- 
 erence ; a comparison or reference 
 by symbol or metaphor. 
 
 allusive (a-hi'siv), adj. having ref- 
 erence to something not definitely 
 expressed. 
 
 allusory (a-hi'so-ri), adj. allusive. 
 
 alluvial (a-lu'vi-al), adj. pertaining 
 to or composed of alluvium. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
all 
 
 alluvion (a-lu'vi-un), n. land added 
 to a shore or river-bank by the 
 action of water. 
 
 alluvium (a-lu'vi-um), n. [pi. allu- 
 via (-a)], a deposit of mingled sand 
 and clay (mud), or of alternating 
 layers of sand and clay, of river 
 origin. 
 
 ally (a-li'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. allied, 
 p.pr. allying], to unite by marriage, 
 treaty, league, or confederacy ; bind 
 or connect by friendship or re- 
 semblance: n. [pi. allies (a-liz')], 
 one united, related, or associated by 
 these means ; a confederate^ 
 
 alniadia (al-ma-de'a), n. an Indian 
 river-boat, shuttle-shaped, about 80 
 ft. in length, with a narrow beam ; 
 a small African bark-canoe. 
 
 almagra (al-ma'gra), n. a fine deep- 
 red ochre used in India for staining 
 the skin ; used also as a paint and 
 pol ish ( Indian-red ) . 
 
 almanac (awl'ma-nak), n. a. year- 
 book or calendar giving the order 
 of the days of the week and month, 
 astronomical data, tide-tables, ec- 
 clesiastical festivals and fasts, and 
 other varied information. 
 
 almighty (awl-ml'ti), adj. possess- 
 ing all power ; omnipotent. 
 
 Almighty (awl-mi'ti), n. the om- 
 nipotent God. 
 
 almightiness (-nes), n. omnipo- 
 tence ; infinite or boundless power. 
 
 almond (a'mund & al'mund), n. the 
 kernel of the fruit of the almond- 
 tree; anything resembling the al- 
 mond in shape. 
 
 almoner (al'mun-er), n. one who 
 dispenses or distributes alms or 
 charity ; an alms-purse ; a pouch or 
 purse which in early times was sus- 
 pended from the girdle. 
 
 almonry (al'mun-ri), n. [pi. almon- 
 ries ( -riz ) ] , the residence of the 
 almoner: the place where alms are 
 dispensed. , 
 
 almost (awl'most), adv. nearly; 
 very nearly; well-nigh; all but. 
 
 alms (amz), n.sing. [used sometimes 
 as n.pl.~\ the act of relieving by 
 charitable aid; that which is be- 
 stowed in or out of charity. 
 
 alms-house (-hous), n. a house en- 
 dowed by private or public charity 
 
 alp 
 
 and appropriated to the use of the 
 poor. 
 
 aloe (al'o), n. [pi. aloes (-oz)], the 
 common name for succulent plants, 
 natives of the warm climates of the 
 Old World, and especially of the 
 southern part of Africa. 
 
 aloes (al'oz), n. a drug, the inspis- 
 sated juice of several species of 
 aloe, and obtained from the leaves ; 
 the fragrant resin or wood of the 
 agallochum. 
 
 aloft (a-16ff), adv. on high; far 
 above the earth; at the mast-head, 
 or on the higher yards or rigging. 
 
 alone ( a-lon' ) , adj. & adv. without or 
 apart from another ; single or sin- 
 gly ; only ; separately ; by itself. 
 
 along (a-16ng'), prep. & adv. by the 
 length ; lengthwise ; in a line parallel 
 with the length ; onward. 
 
 alongshoreman (-shor'man), n. [pi. 
 -men], a laborer employed at docks 
 in loading and unloading vessels. 
 
 alongside (-sid), adv. by the side; 
 side by side. 
 
 aloof (a-loof), adv. at a moderate 
 distance but within sight ; purposely 
 keeping apart. 
 
 alopecia (al-o-pe'si-a), or alopecy 
 (al'6-pe-si), n. baldness; loss of 
 hair through skin disease. 
 
 alopecist (al'o-pes-ist), n. one who 
 undertakes the cure or prevention of 
 baldness. 
 
 aloud (a-loud'), adv. with raised 
 voice ; loudly ; with a great noise ; 
 audibly. 
 
 alpaca (al-pak'a), n. a mammal, 
 closely allied to the llama, a native 
 of the Andes of Chili and Peru; 
 the fabric constructed from the 
 long, soft, silky wool of the alpaca. 
 
 alpen-glow (al'pen-glo), n. a pecul- 
 iar purple glow on the snow on the 
 Alps seen just before sunrise and 
 after sunset. 
 
 alp en -horn (-horn), n. a long and 
 nearly straight horn used by the 
 mountaineers of the Alps. 
 
 alp en-stock (-stok), n. a stout staff, 
 furnished with an iron spike, used 
 by mountain-climbers. 
 
 alphabet (al 'fa-bet), n. the letters 
 of a language arranged in the cus- 
 tomary order ; the first rudiments of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
alp 
 
 any branch of knowledge : v.t. to 
 arrange or classify in alphabetical 
 sequence ; mark by the letters of the 
 alphabet. 
 
 alphabetic (al-fa-bet'ik), or alpha- 
 betical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining 
 to an alphabet; in the order of the 
 alphabet. 
 
 alphabetically (-H), adv. in an al- 
 phabetical order or manner. 
 
 alphabetize ( al'f a-bet-Iz, v.t. to ar- 
 range in alphabetical order. 
 
 already (awl-red'i), adj. quite 
 ready ; fully prepared : adv. by, at, 
 or before, a specified time. 
 
 also (awl'so), adv. & conj. wholly so ; 
 in like manner ; likewise ; further, 
 or in addition to. 
 
 altar (awl-tar), n. a raised place, 
 structure, or elevation, whether of 
 earth or stone, for the offering of 
 sacrifices or burning of incense ; the 
 Communion-table; a place of wor- 
 
 alt azimuth (alt-az'i-muth), n. an in- 
 strument employed to determine the 
 altitudes and azimuths of the heav- 
 enly bodies. 
 
 alter (awl-ter), v.t. to effect some 
 change in; modify or vary; change 
 entirely or materially. 
 
 alter ability (awl-ter-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being alterable or 
 liable to change. 
 
 alterant (awl'ter-ant), adj. produc- 
 ing or effecting change : n. a sub- 
 stance used in dyeing to change or 
 modify a color. 
 
 alteration (awl-ter-a'shun), n. the 
 act of altering or changing; the 
 change or modification effected. 
 
 alterative (awl'ter-a-tiv), adj. pro- 
 ducing change ; having the power to 
 alter : n. a medicine which restores 
 the healthy functions of the body. 
 
 altercate (awl'ter-kat), v.i. to con- 
 tend in words; wrangle; dispute 
 with anger or heat. 
 
 altercation (awl-ter-ka'shun), n. 
 the act of wrangling ; warm conten- 
 tion in words ; a dispute. 
 
 alter ego (al'ter e'go), n. a second 
 self; one's double: frequently ap- 
 plied to a person fully authorized to 
 act for another. 
 
 alt 
 
 alternant (al-ter'nant), adj. com- 
 posed of alternate layers. 
 
 alternate (al'ter-nat), v.t. to per- 
 form by turns ; cause to succeed by 
 turns ; exchange reciprocally : v.i. 
 to take place by turns (followed by 
 with): adj. by turns; following 
 each other in reciprocal succession? 
 succeeding each other by turns on 
 opposite sides of a stem. 
 
 alternate angles (ang'glz), n.pl. 
 the internal angles made by two 
 lines with a third on opposite sides 
 of it. 
 
 alternation (al-ter-na'shun), n. the 
 act of alternating, or state of being 
 alternate ; reciprocal succession ; 
 antiphonal singing or reading. 
 
 alternative (al-ter'na-tiv), adj. giv- 
 ing the choice of two things : n. the 
 option or choice of two possibilities, 
 so that if one be rejected the other 
 must be accepted. 
 
 alternator (al'ter-na-ter), n. an al- 
 ternating current dynamo. 
 
 alt-horn (alt'hSrn,) n. a musical in- 
 strument of the sax-horn class, fre- 
 quently used in military bands. 
 
 although (awl-£7io'), conj. granting 
 that ; though ; even if ; notwith- 
 standing. 
 
 altimeter (al-tim'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring altitudes 
 trigonometrically. 
 
 altimetry (al-tim'e-tri), n. the art 
 of measuring altitudes by the use 
 of the altimeter. 
 
 altiscope (al'tis-k5p), n. an instru- 
 ment consisting of mirrors and 
 lenses by means of which an object 
 is brought to the view of the ob- 
 server notwithstanding intervening 
 obstacles ; used to guide submarine 
 boats. 
 
 altisonant (al-tis'o-nant), adj. high- 
 sounding ; pompous in language. 
 
 altitude (al'ti-tud), n. space ex- 
 tended upward; height; highest 
 point or degree; the elevation of a 
 celestial body above the horizon; 
 the perpendicular distance from the 
 base of a figure to the summit or to 
 the side parallel to the base. 
 
 altitudinal (al-ti-tti'di-nal), adj. of 
 or pertaining to height. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
alt 
 
 alto (al'to), adj. high: n. the con- 
 tralto ; the tenor violin or viola. 
 
 altogether awl-too-ge/7t'er), adv. 
 wholly ; completely ; without excep- 
 tion ; conjunctly ; entirely. 
 
 alto-relievo (al'to-re-le'vo), or 
 alto-rilievo (al'to-re-le-a'vo), n. 
 [pi. alto-relievos (-voz)], high re- 
 lief; figures or other objects that 
 stand out boldly from the back- 
 ground, and having more than half 
 their thickness projecting. 
 
 altropathy (al-trop'a-thi), n. sym- 
 pathy for others. 
 
 altruism (al'troo-izm), n. the prin- 
 ciples inculcated by Comte, and in- 
 volving the sacrifice of self in the 
 interests of others : opposed to 
 egoism. 
 
 altruist (al'troo-ist), n. one who ad- 
 vocates or practices altruism. 
 
 altruistic (al-troo-is'tik) , adj. per- 
 taining to altruism; mindful of the 
 wants and interests of others. 
 
 altruistically (-al-li), adv. in an al- 
 truistic manner. 
 
 alum (al'um), n. a double sulphate 
 formed of aluminum and some other 
 element, usually an alkali metal. 
 alum-root (-root), n. a popular 
 name given to certain roots of an 
 astringent nature belonging to the 
 saxifrages. 
 
 alumiua (a-hi'mi-na), n. the single 
 oxide of aluminum, the most abun- 
 dant of the earths ; a notable consti- 
 tuent of common clay. Alumina is 
 largely used in dyeing and calico- 
 printing as a mordant. 
 
 alumiuite (a-lu'mi-mt), n. the 
 hydrous sulphate of aluminum. 
 
 aluminous ( a-lu'mi-nus ) , adj. per- 
 taining to, or containing, alum or 
 alumina. 
 
 aluminum (a-lu'mi-num) or alu- 
 minium (al-u-min'i-um), n. a blu- 
 ish-white, light, sonorous, ductile, 
 malleable metal. 
 
 alumna (a-lum'na), n. [pi. alumnae 
 (-ne)], a female graduate or pupil 
 of a university or college. 
 
 alumnus (a-lum'nus), n. [pi. alumni 
 (-ni)], a pupil, more particularly 
 the graduate of a university ; one 
 educated at a school, college, or 
 university. 
 
 alveolated (al-ve'o-la-ted), adj. with 
 deep pits or cells resembling the 
 honeycomb. 
 
 always (awl'waz), adv. constantly; 
 ever ; regularly at intervals ; con- 
 tinually. 
 
 am (am), 1st pers. sing, indie, mood 
 of the verb to be. See be. 
 
 amain (a-man'), adv. with force or 
 violence ; suddenly ; at once. 
 
 amalgam (a-mal'gam), n. any me- 
 tallic mixture or alloy of which 
 mercury is the chief constituent ; a 
 mixture or compound of different 
 things. 
 
 amalgamate (a-mal'ga-mat), v.t. to 
 alloy mercury with another metal ; 
 mix to form a compound : v.i. to 
 blend, combine, as one race with 
 another. 
 
 amalgamation ( a-mal-ga-ma'shun ) , 
 n. the act or process of compound- 
 ing mercury , with another metal ; 
 the separation of precious metals 
 from the mother-rock by means of 
 quicksilver ; the blending or mixing 
 of different elements or things ; the 
 union or consolidation of two or 
 more companies or businesses into 
 one concern. 
 
 amalgamator (a-mal'ga-ma-ter), n. 
 one who or that which amalgamates ; 
 a machine for purifying ore con- 
 taining precious metals by amalga- 
 mation with mercury ; one who 
 takes an active part in combining 
 two or more businesses. 
 
 amanuensis (a-man-u-en'sis), n. [pi. 
 amanuenses (-sez)], one who is 
 employed to write at the dictation 
 or direction of another ; a secre- 
 tary. 
 
 amaranth (am'a-ranth), n. an im- 
 aginary flower said by poets to be . 
 unfading ; a plant of the genus am- 
 arantus ; a color-mixture in which 
 magenta is the chief ingredient. 
 
 amaranthine (am-a-ran'thin), adj. 
 pertaining to the amaranth ; never- 
 fading, like amaranth ; purplish. 
 
 amass (a-mas'), v.t. to collect into a 
 heap ; gather together in great quan- 
 tity or amount ; accumulate. 
 
 amassment (a-mas'ment), n. the act 
 of amassing ; a heap or accumula- 
 
 te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
amb 
 
 tion ; a great quantity or number 
 brought together. 
 
 amateur (am'a-tur & am-a-ter') n. 
 one who cultivates an art or pur- 
 sues a study from love or attach- 
 ment, and without reference to gain 
 or emolument : adj. applied to the 
 work or productions of an amateur 
 as opposed to professional. 
 
 amative (am'a-tiv), adj. amorous; 
 full of love. 
 
 amativeness ( am'a-tiv-nes ) , n. the 
 tendency to love ; the desire for 
 sexual intercourse. 
 
 amatorial (am-a-tor'i-ai), adj. per- 
 taining to love ; amatory ; pertain- 
 ing to the oblique muscles of the eye 
 used in ogling. 
 
 amatorially (-li), adv. in an ama- 
 torial manner. 
 
 amatory (am'a-to-ri), adj. relating 
 to or expressive of love. 
 
 amaurosis (am-aw-ro'sis), n. loss or 
 decay of sight due to partial, period- 
 ic, or complete paralysis of the 
 optic nerve. 
 
 amaurotic (am-aw-rot'ik), adj. re- 
 lating to, or affected with, amauro- 
 sis. 
 
 amaze (a-maz'), v.t. to confound or 
 stun with fear, surprise, or won- 
 der ; astonish : n. astonishment ; 
 confusion ; perplexity. 
 
 amazement (a-maz'ment), n. the 
 state of being amazed; astonish- 
 ment; perplexity arising from sud- 
 den surprise. 
 
 ambassador (am-bas'a-der), n. an 
 accredited representative of a sov- 
 ereign or state at the court of an- 
 other; a diplomatic agent of high 
 rank ; a representative or agent of 
 another charged with a special mis- 
 sion. 
 
 ambassador-extraordinary f (-eks- 
 tra-6r'din-a-ri ) , n. an ambassador 
 sent on a special mission. 
 
 ambassador -plenipotentiary 
 (-plen-i-po-ten'shi-a-ri), n. an am- 
 bassador sent with full powers to 
 make a treaty. 
 
 ambassadorial ( am-bas-a-dor'i-al ) , 
 adj. belonging to an ambassador, or 
 to his office. 
 
 ambassadress (am-bas'a-dres), n. 
 the wife of an ambassador ; a fe- 
 male ambassador. 
 
 amber (am'ber), n. a yellowish fos- 
 sil resin found on the shores of the 
 Baltic : adj. made of amber ; amber- 
 colored. 
 
 ambergris (am'ber-gres), n. a mor- 
 bid secretion from the intestines of 
 the sperm-whale, usually found 
 floating in tropical seas : used in 
 perfumery. 
 
 ambidexter (am-bi-deks'ter), adj. 
 using both hands equally : n. 2l man 
 of unusual dexterity. 
 
 ambidextrous (am - bi-deks'trus ) , 
 adj. able to use both hands alike; 
 unusually clever. 
 
 ambient (am'bi-ent), adj. surround- 
 ing ; investing. 
 
 ambiguity (am-bi-gu'i-ti), n. [pi. 
 ambiguities (-tiz)], double or du- 
 bious signification ; vagueness. 
 
 ambiguous (am-big'u-us), adj. 
 doubtful ; equivocal. 
 
 ambit (am'bit), n. a circuit or com- 
 pass ; the line or sum of the lines 
 by which a figure is bounded; the 
 perimeter. 
 
 ambition (am-bish'un), n. a seeking 
 for preferment ; a consuming desire 
 to achieve some object or purpose, 
 as to gain distinction, influence, &c. 
 
 ambitious (am-bish'us), adj. having 
 ambition; aspiring. 
 
 amble (am'bl), v.i. to move with a 
 peculiar pace, as a horse, by lifting 
 the two feet on one side together : n. 
 at an easy pace. 
 
 amblyopia (am'bli-o-pi-a) or am- 
 blyopy (-pi), n. dimness of vision. 
 
 amboyna- wood ( am-boi'na-wood ) , 
 n. a beautifully mottled and curled 
 wood used in cabinet-work. 
 
 ambrosia (am-bro'-zhi-a), n. any- 
 thing exquisitely pleasing to taste 
 or smell ; a genus of weeds allied to 
 wormwood. 
 
 ambrosial (am-bro'zhi-al), adj. di- 
 vinely delicious ; fragrant. 
 
 ambrosially (-li), adv. with ambro- 
 sial fragrance. 
 
 ambrotype (am'bro-tlp), n. a pho- 
 tographic process by which the light 
 parts of a photograph are produced 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 D 4 book ; hue, J*at ; think, then. 
 
 r 
 
 * 
 
amb 
 
 ami 
 
 in silver, the dark parts showing as 
 a background through the clear 
 glass. 
 
 ambulance (am'bu-lans), n. a field 
 hospital ; an ambulance cart or 
 wagon for the conveyance of the 
 sick and wounded. 
 
 ambulant (am'bu-lant), adj. walk- 
 ing ; moving about. 
 
 ambulation (am-bu-la'shun), n. the 
 act of walking about. 
 
 ambulator (am'bu-la-ter), n. a 
 walker ; a pedometer. 
 
 ambulatory (am'bu-la-to-ri), adj. of 
 or pertaining to walking ; movable ; 
 temporary : n. a place for walking 
 in; a covered way. 
 
 ambuscade (am-bus-kad'), n. a 
 strategic disposition of troops in 
 ambush. 
 
 ambush (am'boosh), n. a lying in 
 wait to attack by surprise : v.t. to 
 place in ambush to surprise an 
 enemy ; waylay : v.i. to lie in wait 
 for the purpose of attacking by 
 surprise. 
 
 ameer (a-mer'), n. a prince; govern- 
 or; the Mohammedan ruler of Af- 
 ghanistan. Also written amir, emir. 
 
 ameliorable ( a-me'li-or-a-bl ) , adj. 
 capable of improvement. 
 
 ameliorate (a-me'li-or-at), v.t. to 
 make better : v.i. to grow better ; 
 improve. 
 
 amelioration (a-me-li-or-a'shun)^ n. 
 the making or growing better; im- 
 provement. 
 
 ameliorative (a-me'li-6r-a-tiv), adj. 
 producing amendment ; improving. 
 
 ameliorator ( a-me'li-6r-a-ter ) , n. 
 one who amends. 
 
 amen (a-men' & a/men'), adv. verily: 
 interj. so be it. 
 
 amenability (a-me-na-bil'i-ti) or 
 amenableness ( a-me'na-bl-nes ) , 
 n. liability to answer (to a charge, 
 &c.) ; tractableness ; responsibility. 
 
 amenable ( a-me'na-bl ) , adj. easy to 
 lead; submissive; liable. 
 
 amend (a-mend'), v.t. to free from 
 fault; improve; correct. 
 
 amendatory (a-men'da-tor-i), n.adj. 
 tending to amend. 
 
 amende-bonorable (a-mangd-on'or- 
 a-bl), n. a public apology and repa- 
 ration; a punishment formerly in- 
 
 flicted in France on traitors and the 
 sacrilegious. 
 
 amendment (a-mend'ment), n. the 
 removal of faults ; the alteration of 
 a bill before Parliament ; a counter- 
 motion at a public meeting. 
 
 amends (a-mendz'), n. pi. compensa- 
 tion for loss or injury ; reparation. 
 
 amenity (a-men'i-ti), n. [pi. amen- 
 ities (-tiz)], pleasantness, as of 
 climate or demeanor ; geniality. 
 
 amenorrhea (a-men-6r-re'a), n. en- 
 tire or partial suppression of the 
 menses. 
 
 amentia (a-men'shi-a), n. want of 
 reason ; mental imbecility. 
 
 amerce (a-mers'), v.t. to punish by 
 an arbitrary fine. 
 
 amerceable (a-mer'sa-bl),ad/. liable 
 to be amerced. 
 
 amercement (a-mers'ment), n. an 
 arbitrary fine left to the discretion 
 of a court. 
 
 American ( a-mer 'i-kan), adj. be- 
 longing to, or characteristic of, 
 America. 
 
 Americanism (a-mer'i-kan-izm), n. 
 a form of expression peculiar to the 
 United States ; a custom peculiar 
 to the United States or America ; 
 attachment to the United States. 
 
 Americanize (a-mer'i-kan-iz), v.t. to 
 render American ; assimilate to the 
 political institutions of the United 
 States. 
 
 amethyst (am'e-thist), n. a violet- 
 purple variety of quartz or rock- 
 crystal. 
 
 amethystine (am-e-this'tin), adj. 
 containing, composed of, or colored, 
 like amethyst. 
 
 amiability (a-mi-a-bil'i-ti), n. ami- 
 ableness ; excellence of disposition ; 
 lovableness. 
 
 amiable (a'mi-a-bl), adj. friendly; 
 wo#thy of love ; lovable. 
 
 amicable (am'i-ka-bl), adj. friend- 
 ly ; peaceable. 
 
 amice (am'is), n. a square of white 
 linen formerly worn on the head, 
 but now worn about the neck and 
 shoulders, by celebrant priests while 
 saying Mass. 
 
 amid (a-mid') or amidst ('st), 
 prep, in the middle of; among. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ami 
 
 amp 
 
 amidships (a-mid'ships), adv. in the 
 middle of a ship. 
 
 amir. See ameer. 
 
 amiss (a-mis'), adj. wrong; faulty: 
 adv. wrongly ; that misses the mark. 
 
 amity (am'i-ti), n. friendly rela- 
 tions ; friendship. 
 
 ammonia (a-mo'ni-a), n. a trans- 
 parent, pungent volatile gas, used in 
 medicine and the arts ; spirits of 
 hartshorn. 
 
 ammoniac (a-mo'ni-ak), adj. per- 
 taining to ammonia : n. sal am- 
 moniac ; chloride of ammonium, 
 formerly called muriate of ammonia. 
 
 ammonite (am'on-It), n. a fossil 
 shell, twisted like a ram's horn ; 
 snake-stone. 
 
 ammnnition (am-u-nish'un), n. 
 powder, balls, &c, used in charging 
 firearms of all kinds ; military 
 stores : adj. supplied to troops as 
 equipment, &c. 
 
 amnesia (am-ne'si-a), n. loss of 
 memory. 
 
 amnesty (am'nes-ti), n. an act of ob- 
 livion for political offenses ; a gen- 
 eral pardon : v.t., p.t. & p.p. amnes- 
 tied, p.pr. amnestying, to grant par- 
 don to. 
 
 amnion (am'ni-on), n. the thin in- 
 nermost membrane surrounding the 
 foetus of mammals, birds, and rep- 
 tiles. 
 
 amoeba (a-me'ba), n. [pi. amcebas 
 ('baz) & -bae ('be)], a genus of mi- 
 croscopic organisms, consisting of a 
 mass of protoplasm which moves 
 about in fresh-water ponds by 
 means of finger-like processes with 
 which it grasps its food. 
 
 among (a-mung') or amongst ('st), 
 prep. & adv. mixed with ; sur- 
 rounded by ; amidst. 
 
 amorons (am'6r-us), adj. fond of the 
 opposite sex : loving. 
 
 amorphism (a-mor'fizm), n. want of 
 regular form ; without crystalline 
 structure ; the communistic system 
 of Bakunin, the Russian anarchist ; 
 Nihilism. 
 
 amorphous (a-mor'fus), adj. form- 
 less ; irregularly shaped ; uncrystal- 
 lized ; anomalous ; unorganized. 
 
 amount ( a-mount' ) , v.i. to mount up 
 to ; be equivalent or equal to : n. 
 the totality ; sum. 
 
 amour (a-moor'), n. a love-intrigue. 
 
 ampere (am-par'), n. the unit of 
 measurement of the strength of an 
 electrical current. 
 
 ampere-meter (am-par'me-ter) or 
 amper ometer ( am-pe-rom'e-ter ) , 
 n. an instrument for measuring in 
 amperes the power of an electric 
 current. 
 
 Amphibia (am-fib'i-a), n.pl. the 
 fourth division of vertebrates, in- 
 termediate between fishes and rep- 
 tiles, which in their early state 
 breathe by gills. 
 
 amphibian (am-fib'i-an), n. one of 
 the Amphibia. 
 
 amphibious (am-fib'i-us), adj. hav- 
 ing the power of living both on land 
 and in water. 
 
 amphibrach (am'fi-brak), n. a foot 
 of three syllables, the middle long, 
 the first and last short. 
 
 amphioxus (am-fi-ox'us), n. the 
 name of the lancelet, a fisTi with a 
 body tapering at both ends, the low- 
 est in organization of the verte- 
 brates. 
 
 amphitheater, -re (am-fi-the'a- 
 ter ) , n. a double theater ; a theater 
 with seats all round the arena ; a 
 circus. 
 
 amphitype (am'fi-tip), n. a photo- 
 graphic process which simultaneous- 
 ly produces negatives and positives. 
 
 amphora (am'for-a), n. [pi. am- 
 phorae (-re)], a two-handled vessel 
 of oblong shape, used by the an- 
 cients for holding wine, &c. ; a 
 Greek and Roman liquid measure, 
 the former = 9 gals., the latter 
 = 6 gals. 
 
 ample ( am'pl ) , adj. full ; large ; 
 abundant. 
 
 ampliative (am'pli-a-tiv), adj. en- 
 larging; synthetic. 
 
 amplification (am-pli-fi-ka'shun), 
 n. the act of amplifying or expand- 
 ing ; enlargement. 
 
 amplify (am'pli-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 amplified, p.pr. amplifying] , to make 
 large : v.i. to speak or write diffuse- 
 ly ; expand. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; bodn, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
amp 
 
 amplitude (am'pli-tud), n. the 
 angular distance of a celestial body 
 at rising or setting from the east- 
 ern or western points of the hori- 
 zon ; an angle on which the value 
 of some mathematical function de- 
 pends ; the distance which a particle 
 moves in performing a complete vi- 
 bration. 
 
 amply (-li), adv. in an ample man- 
 ner ; liberally. 
 
 ampulla (am-pul'la), n. [pi. am- 
 pullae (-le)], an ancient vessel 
 which contained unguents for the 
 bath ; a drinking vessel ; a vessel for 
 consecrated oil or chrism used in 
 Ohurch rites, and at the coronation 
 of sovereigns. 
 
 amputate (am'pu-tat), v.t. to lop off 
 in pruning ; to cut off a limb ; dis- 
 member. 
 
 amputation (am-pu-ta/shun), n. a 
 cutting off ; the operation of cutting 
 off a limb. 
 
 amt (amt), n. the largest territorial 
 administrative division of Norway 
 and Denmark. 
 
 amt-man (-man), n. [pi. -men], the 
 principal executive official of an 
 amt. 
 
 amuck (a-muk'), adj. or adv. (used 
 only in the phrase, to run amuck) 
 running about armed, in a state of 
 frenzy, attacking all that come in 
 the way, or committing indiscrimi- 
 nate slaughter. 
 
 amulet (am'ti-let), n. a charm worn 
 to protect against evil ; a talisman. 
 
 amuse (a-muz'), v.t. to occupy the 
 attention pleasantly ; beguile ; en- 
 tertain ; divert. 
 
 amusement (a-nmz'ment), n. that 
 which amuses ; a pastime. 
 
 amusively (a-mu'ziv-li), adv. in an 
 amusive manner. 
 
 amygdalin (a-mig'da-lin), n. white 
 crystalline substance obtained from 
 the kernels of almonds. 
 
 amyl (am'il), n. the hypothetical al- 
 cohol radical of many chemical 
 compounds. 
 
 amylaceous (am-i-la'shus), adj. 
 starchy. 
 
 amylene (am'i-len), n. a hydrocarbon 
 obtained by the removal of water 
 from amyl alcohol. 
 
 amy lie (a-mtt'ik), adj. of or per- 
 taining to amyl. 
 
 an (an), indef. art. any; each. [An 
 is properly an adj., and is used be- 
 fore nouns of the singular number 
 only ; also before a word having an 
 initial vowel and silent h (See H). 
 An has a distributive force in such 
 expressions as "once an hour"; "a 
 dime an ounce."] 
 
 ana (a'na), [pi. anas ('naz)]. a col- 
 lection of notable sayings, literary 
 gossip, anecdotes, &c, as Shakes- 
 periana, boxiana. 
 
 anachronism (an-ak'ron-izm), n. 
 an error in the order of time, hence 
 any error in the misplacement of 
 persons or events in point of time. > 
 
 anachronistic ( an-ak-ron-is'tik ) , 
 adj. out of date. 
 
 anaconda ( an-a-kon'da ) , n. the spe- 
 cific name of a large South Amer- 
 ican boa, and loosely applied to any 
 large snake which crushes its prey. 
 
 anadromous (a-nad'ro-mus), adj. 
 ascending from the sea to fresh- 
 water rivers to deposit spawn, as 
 the salmon, &c. ; tending upwards : 
 said of ferns. 
 
 anaemia, anemia (a-ne'mi-a), n. de- 
 ficiency or low condition of the 
 blood. 
 
 anaesthesia, anesthesia (an-es- 
 the'si-a), n. a condition of insensi- 
 bility to pain, combined with loss of 
 the sense of touch, produced by 
 anaesthetics. 
 
 anaesthetic. See anesthetic. 
 
 anaglyph (an'a-glif), n. a work of 
 art carved in relief, as distinguished 
 from intaglio. 
 
 anaglyphic ( an'a-glif 'ik) or ana- 
 glyptic (-glip'tik), adj. relating 
 to anaglyphs, or the art of decora- 
 tion in relief. 
 
 anaglyphy (an-ag'li-fi), n. the art of 
 producing sculpture, or ornamenta- 
 tion, in relief. 
 
 anaglyptograph (an-a-glip'to-graf ) , 
 n. an instrument by which a medal- 
 lion-engraving of any object in relief 
 can be made. 
 
 anaglyptographic (an- a-glip'to- 
 graf'ic), adj. relating to the produc- 
 tion of engravings in relief. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ana 
 
 anaglyptography ( an-a-glip-tog'ra- 
 fi), n. the art of reproducing relief- 
 work on paper. 
 
 anagram (an'a-gram), n. a word or 
 a sentence constructed out of anoth- 
 er by the transposition of the letters 
 contained in the second ; a word ob- 
 tained by reading the letters of an- 
 other word backwards. 
 
 anagrammatic (an-a-gram-mat'ik) 
 or anagrammatical i/i-kal), adj. 
 relating to, or forming an ana- 
 gram. 
 
 anagrammatically (-li), adv. in 
 the style of an anagram. 
 
 anagrammatize ( an-a-gram'ma-tiz ) , 
 v.t. to make into an anagram : v.i. 
 to construct anagrams. 
 
 anal (a'nal), adj. relating to the 
 anus ; situated near to the anal ori- 
 fice. 
 
 analect (an'a-lekt), n. [pi. analects 
 (-lekts) & analecta (-ta)], a pas- 
 sage or extract from a published 
 work : pi. a collection of such ex- 
 tracts from different authors. 
 
 analectic (an-a-lek'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or composed of, selections 
 from other works. 
 
 analgesia (an-al-je'si-a), n. the in- 
 sensibility to pain in any part of the 
 body. Called also analgia. 
 
 analgesic (an-al-jes'ik), adj. that al- 
 lays pain : n. an anodyne. 
 
 analgetic ( an-al-jet'ik ) , adj. per- 
 taining to analgesia ; insensible to 
 pain ; painless. 
 
 analogical (an-a-loj'i-kal),a<?y. bear- 
 ing reference ; having relation or re- 
 semblance. 
 
 analogically (-li), adv. by way of 
 analogy. 
 
 analogism (a-nal'o-jism), n. a rea- 
 soning from the cause to the effect ; 
 study and examination of matters 
 and things by reference to their 
 analogies. 
 
 analogist (a-nal'o-jist), n. one who 
 reasons from the standpoint of 
 analogy. 
 
 analogize (a-nal'o-jiz), v.t. to rea- 
 son or expound by reference to anal- 
 ogy : v.i. to treat or investigate by 
 use of analogy. 
 
 analogous (a-nal'6-gus), adj. pos- 
 
 sessing points of analogy ; linked by 
 resemblance ; similar. 
 
 analogue (an'a-log), n. an object 
 which bears analogy to something 
 else ; a part which corresponds with 
 another in structure, function, or 
 other relations. 
 
 analogy (a-nal'o-ji), n. [pi. analo- 
 gies (-jiz) ], agreement, resemblance, 
 or correspondence in relations be- 
 tween different objects ; the infer- 
 ence as to general agreement which 
 is derived from similarity in certain 
 essential particulars ; equality of 
 mathematical ratios ; conformity of 
 its parts to the general rules and 
 structures of a language. 
 
 analysis (a-nal'i-sis), n. [pi. analy- 
 ses (-sez)], the resolution of a com- 
 pound into its constituent parts; the 
 method of determining the nature 
 of a compound by resolution into its 
 constituent parts ; the resolving of 
 problems by reducing the conditions 
 that are in them to equations; a 
 synopsis. 
 
 analyst (an'a-list), n. one who is 
 skilled in analysis ; one skilled in 
 the resolution of chemical com- 
 pounds. 
 
 analytic (an-a-lit'ik) or analytical 
 (-i-kal), adj. relating to, or charac- 
 terized by, the method of analysis. 
 
 analytically (-al-li), adv. in the 
 manner or by means of analysis. 
 
 analytics (an-a-lit'iks), n. pi. the 
 science of analysis. 
 
 analy zable ( an'a-ll-za-bl ) , adj. capa- 
 ble of being resolved by, or that may 
 be subjected to, analysis. 
 
 analyze (an'a-liz), v.t. to separate or 
 resolve ; determine the nature of a 
 compound by resolution of its con- 
 stituent parts. 
 
 anapest or anapaest (an'a-pest), n. 
 a foot comprising two short sylla- 
 bles and one long syllable. 
 
 anaplasty (an-a-plas'ti), n. the re- 
 pairing of wounds by the trans- 
 plantation of adjacent healthy tis- 
 sue. 
 
 anarchic (an-ar'kik), or anarchic- 
 al (-al), adj. of or pertaining to 
 anarchy, or the theory of anarchism. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
anc 
 
 anarchism (an'ar-kizm), n. lawless- 
 ness ; confusion ; anarchy ; the doc- 
 trines of the anarchists. . 
 
 anarchist (an'ar-kist), n. one who 
 supports or promotes a scheme for 
 anarchy, or upholds anarchy as a 
 social theory. 
 
 anarchy (an'ar-ki), n. non-existence 
 or incapability of governmental rule ; 
 a lawless condition of society; the 
 theory of individual liberty. 
 
 anarthrous (an-ar'thrus), adj. with- 
 out the article ; destitute of joints ; 
 without articulated limbs. 
 
 anastrophe or anastrophy (a-nas'- 
 tro-fe), n. an inversion of the se- 
 quence of words in a sentence, as 
 "echoed the hills," for "the hills 
 echoed." 
 
 anathema (a-nath'e-ma), n. [pi. 
 anathemas (-maz)], the curse ac- 
 companying excommunication pro- 
 nounced by a religious assembly or 
 convocation ; an imprecation or 
 curse; the thing or person held to 
 be accursed. 
 
 anathematize (a-nath'e-ma-tiz), v.t. 
 to pronounce a decree of excommu- 
 nication against : v.i. to curse. 
 
 anatomical (an-a-tom'i-kal), adj. re- 
 lating to, or according to, the laws 
 of anatomy. 
 
 anatomically (-li), adv. in an ana- 
 tomical manner. 
 
 anatomism (a-nat'o-mizm), n. ana- 
 tomical analysis or structure; anat- 
 omy as the basis of life of organized 
 bodies ; the explanation of vital phe- 
 nomena by anatomical structure ; 
 the application of the principles of 
 anatomy, as in art. 
 
 anatomist (a-nat'o-mist), n. one 
 possessing a knowledge of anatomy 
 derived from dissection. 
 
 anatomize (a-nat'o-miz), v.t. to sep- 
 arate by dissection and exhibit the 
 relative position and structure of 
 the parts of an animal or plant. 
 
 anatomy (a-nat'o-mi), n. [pi. anato- 
 mies (-miz)], separation by dissec- 
 tion of the various parts of a body, 
 with a view to the examination and 
 determination of their structure and 
 relations; the art or science of dis- 
 
 section ; a descriptive account of the 
 parts of an organic body; a with- 
 ered or emaciated person. 
 
 anatripsis (an-a-trip'sis), n. mas- 
 sage. 
 
 ancestor (an'ses-ter), n. a forefather 
 or progenitor, on the side of father 
 or mother, from whom one is de- 
 scended in direct line ; one who held 
 previous possession. 
 
 ancestral ( an-ses'tral ) , adj. belong- 
 ing to, or connected with, one's an- 
 cestors ; derived from one's progeni- 
 tors ; lineal. 
 
 ancestress (an'ses-tres), n. a female 
 ancestor. 
 
 ancestry (an'ses-tri), n. the line of 
 one's descent traced from a period 
 more or less remote ; the personages 
 comprising such lineage ; lineage. 
 
 anchor (ang'ker), n. an iron imple- 
 ment of varying form, but generally 
 having two curved and pointed arms 
 terminating one end of a shank, to 
 the other extremity of which is af- 
 fixed a cable, used to secure a float- 
 ing vessel to the bottom ; that on 
 which dependence is placed for se- 
 curity or stability ; a metallic clamp 
 securing a tie-rod connecting oppo- 
 site walls: v.t. to affix by an an- 
 chor ; grapple ; hold fast. 
 
 anchor-ice (ang'ker-is), «. ground- 
 ice. 
 
 anchorage (ang'ker-aj), n. a suita- 
 ble or customary place for the an- 
 choring of vessels ; the hold attained 
 by an anchor; harbor-dues for an- 
 chorage in a port. 
 
 anchoret (ang'kor-et) or anchor- 
 ite (-It), n. one who voluntarily 
 secludes himself from society and 
 lives a solitary life devoted to re- 
 ligious or philosophic meditation ; a 
 recluse; a hermit. 
 
 anchovy (an-cho'vi), n. [pi. ancho- 
 vies (-viz)], a diminutive fish 
 abounding in the Mediterranean, 
 and especially esteemed for its pe- 
 culiar flavor, used for pickling and 
 as a sauce. 
 
 ancient (an'shent), adj. of or per- 
 taining to the early history of the 
 world; of past times or remote 
 ages; of great age or antiquity: n. 
 one who lived in ancient times ; pi. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ang 
 
 the people of classic times ; the Jew- 
 ish elders ; the governing body of 
 an Inn of Court : n. formerly a flag 
 or ensign; a ship's pennant. 
 
 ancillary (an'sil-ar-i), adj. attend- 
 ant upon ; accessory ; subservient. 
 
 ancipital (an-sip'i-tal), adj. two- 
 edged and sharp. 
 
 a n con (ang'kon), n. [pi. ancones 
 (-ez)], the upper extremity of the 
 forearm or ulna ; the elbow ; a 
 bracket or projection for the sup- 
 port of a cornice. 
 
 and (and), conj. the copulative join- 
 ing words and sentences. And is 
 sometimes used emphatically by way 
 of contrast, as "there are orators 
 and orators," i.e. two very different 
 kinds. 
 
 andesite (an'de-sit), n. a silicate of 
 alumina, soda, and lime. 
 
 andirons (and'i-ernz), n.pl. metal 
 standards used for open fires, to 
 support the logs; fire-dogs. 
 
 androcephalus ( an-dr5-sef 'a-lus ) , 
 adj. having a human head, as a 
 sphinx, &c. 
 
 androgynous (an-droj'i-nous), adj. 
 combining both sexes, or bearing 
 both male and female organs; her- 
 maphroditical. 
 
 andro sphinx (an'dro-sfingks), n. a 
 sphinx with the body of a lion and 
 the head of a man. 
 
 anecdotal (an'ek-do-tal), adj. relat- 
 ing to, or consisting of, anecdotes. 
 
 anecdote (an'ek-dot), n. a brief nar- 
 rative of an entertaining character ; 
 a terse and pithy account of some 
 detached incident, chiefly personal 
 or biographical. 
 
 anecdotic (an-ek-dot'ik) or anec- 
 dotical ('i-kal), adj. relating ' to 
 anecdotes. 
 
 anecdotically (-li), adv. by anec- 
 dotes. 
 
 anelectric (an-e-lek'trik), adj. with- 
 out the properties of electricity ; 
 non-electric : n. a conductor in con- 
 tradistinction to an insulator. 
 
 anelectrode (an-e-lek'trod), n. the 
 positive pole of a galvanic battery. 
 
 anemia. See anaemia. 
 
 anemograph (a-nem'o-graf), n. an 
 instrument for registering the force 
 or direction of the wind. 
 
 anemometer (an-e-mom'e-ter), n. a 
 wind-gauge ; an instrument which 
 indicates the pressure of the wind. 
 
 anemone (a-nem'o-ne), n. [pi. anem- 
 ones (-nez)], the wind-flower or 
 wood-anemone; a sea-anemone, a 
 marine zoophyte. 
 
 anemoscope (a-nem'6-skop), n. an 
 apparatus for exhibiting the direc- 
 tion of the wind. 
 
 aneroid (an'e-roid), adj. having no 
 liquid, as quicksilver : n. a barome- 
 ter shaped like a watch, the action 
 depending on the varying pressure 
 of the atmosphere on the top of an 
 elastic metal box. 
 
 anesthesia. See anaesthesia. 
 
 anesthetic or anaesthetic (an-es- 
 thet'ik), adj. pertaining to loss of 
 the sense of feeling : n. a drug 
 which produces insensibility. 
 
 anaesthetize (an-es'the-tlz), v.t. to 
 bring under the influence of an an- 
 aesthetic; render insensible to pain. 
 
 aneurism (an'u-rizm), n. a local 
 swelling or dilation of an artery at 
 a point where the coat is thinned or 
 weakened by disease. 
 
 anew (a-nu'), adv. afresh; over 
 again ; in a new manner or style. 
 
 angel (an'jel), n. sl messenger .of 
 God; one of an order of spiritual 
 attendants who form a connection 
 between heaven and earth, as from 
 God to mankind ; a spirit of evil» as 
 a fallen angel ; the presbyter in the 
 Early Christian Church residing in 
 some particular city (Rev. ii. 8) ; 
 an English gold coin, value about 
 10s., struck in the reign of Edward 
 IV., and impressed with the figure 
 of the archangel Michael. 
 
 angel-fish (-fish), n. a species of 
 shark with large pectoral fins, which 
 give to it a winged appearance. 
 
 angelic (an-jel'ik) or angelical 
 ('i-kal), adj. belonging to or re- 
 sembling an angel in nature or func- 
 tion. 
 
 angelus (an'je-lus), n. a _ devotional 
 exercise in commemoration of the 
 Incarnation, during which the Ave 
 Maria is twice repeated : said morn- 
 ing, noon, and night ; the bell which 
 is rung to announce the time of 
 such devotions. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ang 
 
 anger (ang'ger), n. excessive emotion 
 or passion aroused by a sense of 
 injury or wrong ; wrath : v.t. to pro- 
 voke to resentment ; excite to 
 wrath ; enrage. 
 
 angina (an-ji'na & an'ji-na), n. an 
 inflamed condition of the throat, as 
 in quinsy, &c. 
 
 angina pectoris (pek'to-ris), n. a 
 muscular spasm of the chest, very 
 often accompanied by an affection 
 of the heart, and frequently fatal. 
 
 angiology (an-ji-ol'o-ji), n. that 
 branch of anatomy which treats of 
 the blood-vessels and lymphatics. 
 
 angle (ang'gl), n. the inclosed space 
 near the point where two lines 
 meet ; a sharp or projecting corner ; 
 the inclination of two lines which 
 meet at a point (the vertex). 
 
 angle (ang'gl), v.i. to fish with a 
 hook and line : v.t. to fish for. 
 
 angler (ang'gler), n. one who fishes 
 with rod and line ; a piscator ; the 
 name of a fish furnished with fila- 
 mentary appendages, which by their 
 movement attract smaller fish on 
 which it feeds. Also called fishing- 
 frog and sea-devil. 
 
 anglican (ang'gli-kan), adj. pertain- 
 ing to England as a nation ; per- 
 taining to the Church of England 
 and churches in other countries in 
 accord with it, and (popularly) to 
 the High or Ritualistic section of 
 the Anglican Church : n. sl member 
 of the Anglican Church ; a Ritualist. 
 
 anglicanism (ang'gli-kan-izm), n. 
 the principles and ritual of the 
 Anglican Church. 
 
 anglice (ang'gli-se), adv. according 
 to the English language or manner. 
 
 anglicism (ahg'gli-sizm), n. a form 
 of speech ; a principle or mannerism 
 peculiar to England. 
 
 anglicize ( ang'gl i-siz), v.t. to make 
 or to render into English ; accord 
 with English manners and customs. 
 
 angling (ang'gling), n. the piscato- 
 rial art ; the act of fishing with rod 
 and line. 
 
 Anglo-American (ang'glo-a-mer'i- 
 kan), adj. pertaining to England 
 and the United States conjointly, 
 as to commerce or population : n. an 
 American citizen of English descent. 
 
 Anglomania ( ang'gl o-man'i-a), «. 
 a predilection carried to excess for 
 everything that is English, in the 
 sense of being peculiar to England. 
 
 Anglophobia (-fo'bi-a), n. an in- 
 tense aversion for or fear of every- 
 thing English. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon (-saks'un), adj. per- 
 taining to the Saxon settlers in 
 England prior to the' Conquest, or 
 to their language : n. one of the 
 Saxon settlers in England as dis- 
 tinguished from those on the Conti- 
 nent : pi. the English race. 
 
 angora (ang-go'ra), n. cloth made 
 from Angora-wool. 
 
 angora-cat (-kat), n. a cat of the 
 domestic kind with long handsome 
 hair. 
 
 angora- wool (-wool), n. the coat of 
 the Angora goat, much esteemed for 
 its long silky hair. 
 
 angostura-bark (ang-gos-tu'ra 
 bark), n. a bitter aromatic bark 
 used for medicinal purposes. 
 
 angry (ang'gri), adj. inflamed with 
 anger ; provoked ; feeling resent- 
 ment ; wrathful ; showing anger ; 
 fierce ; inflamed. 
 
 angrily- ('gri-li), adv. in an angry 
 manner. 
 
 angriness (-ness), n. the state of 
 being angry. 
 
 anguish, (ang'gwish), n. intense pain 
 or grief ; acute suffering, bodily or 
 mental. 
 
 angular (ang'gu-lar), adj. possess- 
 ing an angle or angles ; sharp, bent, 
 or cornered; pointed, or full of 
 points. 
 
 angularity ( ang-gu-lar'i-ti ) , n. [pi. 
 angularities (-tiz)], the quality of 
 being angular in any sense. 
 
 angulate (ang'gti-lat), adj. con- 
 structed of angles ; having the form 
 of an angle. 
 
 angustate (ang-gus'tat), adj. nar- 
 row at the base and expanded at the 
 top. 
 
 ahydride (an-hi'drld), n. an oxygen 
 compound formed by substituting an 
 acid radical for the whole of the 
 hydrogen in one or two molecules of 
 water. 
 
 anhydrite (an-hi'drit), n. anhydrous 
 sulphate of lime. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
anhydrous ( an-hl'drus ) , adj. with- 
 out water : applied to minerals in 
 which the water of crystallization 
 is not present. 
 
 anil (an'il), n. the indigo plant. 
 
 anile (an'il & 'II), adj. resembling 
 an old woman ; aged ; old-womanish. 
 
 aniline (an'i-lin), n. a base used in 
 the formation of many rich dyes 
 obtained from coal-tar, but more ex- 
 tensively from benzole : adj. of or 
 pertaining to aniline. 
 
 anilism (an'il-izm), n. aniline poi- 
 soning, caused by the inhalation of 
 aniline vapors. 
 
 anility (a-nil'i-ti), n. the state of 
 being anile ; a condition of dotage. 
 
 animadversion (an-i-mad-ver'shun) , 
 n. the act of observing ; capacity for 
 perception ; censure ; criticism ; 
 stricture. 
 
 animadversi ve ( an-i-mad-ver'siv ) , 
 adj. possessing the faculty of obser- 
 vation. 
 
 animadvert (an-i-mad-vert'), v.i. to 
 give the mind to ; pass comment or 
 stricture upon ; criticise. 
 
 animal (an'i-mal), n. an organized 
 living body, sentient, mobile, and 
 locomotive; an inferior being; a 
 brute: adj. of or belonging to ani- 
 mals. 
 
 animal-magnetism (an'i-mal-mag'- 
 net-izm), n. another name for mes- 
 merism. 
 
 animalcular (an-i-mal'ku-lar) or 
 animal culine (-Hn), adj. of or re- 
 lating to animalcules. 
 
 animalcule (an-i-mal'kul), n. one 
 of a class of minute or microscopic 
 organisms abounding in water and 
 infusions ; an infusorian. 
 
 animal culi s t ( an-i-m al ' ku-list ) , n. 
 a specialist of animalcules. 
 
 animalculum (an-i-mal'ku-lum), n. 
 [pi. animalcula (-la)], a minute 
 organism ; an animalcule. 
 
 animalia ( an'i-ma-li-a ) , n.pl. the 
 animal kingdom. 
 
 animalism (an'i-mal-izm), n. the 
 state of being animal, or actuated 
 by animal instincts or appetites ; 
 the theory which regards mankind 
 as merely animal ; sensuality. 
 
 animalistic (an-i-mal-is'tik), adj. 
 
 characterized by animal or sensual 
 instincts. 
 
 animality (an-i-mal'i-ti),«. the state 
 or quality of being an animal, or 
 possessing animal characteristics. 
 
 animalization ( an-i-mal-i-za'shun ) , 
 n. the act of making animal ; the 
 process of becoming bestial. 
 
 animalize ( an'i-mal-iz ) , v.t. to make 
 animal ; impart animal life, form, 
 and attributes ; sensualize or bes- 
 tialize ; convert into animal sub- 
 stance by assimilation. 
 
 animate (an'i-mat), v.t. to impart 
 life to ; to inspire with energy or 
 action ; enliven : adj. endowed with 
 animal life ; full of spirit and vigor. 
 
 animatingly (an'i-ma-ting-li), adv. 
 so as to enliven or excite feeling. 
 
 animation (an'i-ma'shun), n. the 
 act of giving life or spirit ; the state 
 of being animated; vivacity. 
 
 animative (an'i-ma-tiv), adj. that 
 has power to impart life or spirit. 
 
 animism (an'i-mizm), n. the theory 
 of the existence of an immaterial 
 principle or force inseparable from 
 matter to which all life and action 
 are attributable. 
 
 animosity (an-i-mos'i-ti), n. [pi. 
 animosities (-tiz)], hostility; ha- 
 tred ; active enmity. 
 
 animus (an'i-mus), n. a hostile 
 spirit, or purpose; hostility. 
 
 anion (an'i-on), n. the element in a 
 body decomposed by voltaic action, 
 which is evolved at the positive pole 
 or anode. 
 
 anise (an'is), n. the common name 
 for a plant (indigenous in Egypt) 
 yielding the aniseed of commerce. 
 
 ankle (ang'kl), n. the joint or articu- 
 lation connecting the foot with the 
 leg. 
 
 anklet (ang'klet), n. a diminutive 
 ankle; an ornament or support for 
 the ankle; a fetter or shackle. 
 
 ankylose (ang'ki-los), v.t. to consoli- 
 date or join by bony growth. 
 
 ankylosis ( an^ki-lo-sis ) , n. the con- 
 solidation of normally movable parts 
 by means of bony growth. 
 
 ankylostomiasis ( ang'ki-los-td'mi- 
 a'sis), n. an ankylose disease preva- 
 lent among miners. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; "think, then. 
 
auk 
 
 ana 
 
 ankylotic (ang-ki-lot'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, or of the nature of 
 ankylosis. 
 
 annalist (an'al-ist), n. a compiler of 
 
 annals. 
 
 annals (an'alz), n.pl. a description, 
 history, or chronicle issued from 
 time to time, and comprising the 
 events of each year in order of se- 
 quence ; chronicles. 
 
 anneal (an-nel'), v.t. to heat or fix 
 by heat; temper and render mallea- 
 ble ; bake or fuse. 
 
 annealing (an-ne'ling), n. the proc- 
 ess of tempering, baking, fusing, or 
 fixing. 
 
 annex (an-neks'), v.t. to add or affix 
 at the end ; subjoin or connect ; pur- 
 loin : n. (an-neks' & an'neks), that 
 which is added ; an addition. 
 
 annexation (an-eks-a'shun), n. the 
 act of annexing; that which is an- 
 nexed. 
 
 annexationist ( an-eks-a'shun-ist ) , 
 n. an advocate for, or promoter of, 
 annexation. 
 
 anniliilable ( an-m'hi-la-bl ) , adj. ca- 
 pable of annihilation. 
 
 annihilate (an-ni'hi-lat), v.t. to re- 
 duce to nothing; wipe out of exist- 
 ence ; destroy. 
 
 annihilation (an-ni-hi-la'shun), n. 
 the act of annihilating; non-exist- 
 ence. 
 
 annihilationist ( an-ni-hi-la'shun- 
 ist), n. one who believes that eter- 
 nal punishment consists of annihila- 
 tion. 
 
 anniversary (an-i-ver'sa-ri), n. [pi. 
 anniversaries (-riz)],the recurrence 
 in each year of the date of an event ; 
 the annual commemoration of an 
 event : adj. recurring once in every 
 twelve months ; yearly. 
 
 annotate (an'o-tat), v.t. to mark or 
 note by way of explanation or criti- 
 cism, as a book. 
 
 annotation (an-o-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of noting or commenting upon ; 
 a note, remark, or criticism made 
 in a book. 
 
 annotator (an'o-ta-ter), n. one who 
 annotates or writes remarks by way 
 of comment or criticism upon the 
 works of authors. 
 
 announce (an-nouns'), v.t. to pro* 
 claim or make known, formally, or 
 in a public manner ; pronounce by 
 judicial sentence ; proclaim. 
 
 announcement (an-nouns'ment), n. 
 the act of announcing ; that which 
 is announced ; a proclamation. 
 
 annoy (an-noi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, 
 p.pr. -ing], to vex or trouble by 
 repeated acts ; harass or discompose 
 by petty injury or opposition : v.i. 
 to be troubled, vexed : n. the feeling 
 of discomfort caused by an injury or 
 vexation. 
 
 annoyance (an-noi'ans), n. the act 
 of annoying or causing vexation ; 
 the state of being annoyed; the 
 thing or act which annoys. 
 
 annoyingly ( an-noi'ing-li ) , adv. in 
 a vexatious manner. 
 
 annual ( an'u-al ) , adj. once in twelve 
 months ; yearly ; of or belonging to 
 a year ; published once a year ; com- 
 pleted in a year ; lasting or living 
 only for a year or season, as an 
 annual plant: n. an anniversary 
 mass said for a deceased person; 
 the fee paid for such a mass. 
 
 annually (-li), adv. yearly; happen- 
 ing, returning, or completed year by 
 year. 
 
 annuitant (an-nti'i-tant), «. one 
 who is in receipt of, or is entitled to 
 receive, an annuity. 
 
 annuity ( an-nu'i-ti ) , n. [pi. annui- 
 ties (-tiz)], the payment of a sum 
 of money by periodical or yearly 
 installments. 
 
 annul (an-nul'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. an- 
 nulled, p.pr. annulling], to make 
 void, abolish, or obliterate, as a law, 
 decree, or compact. 
 
 annular (an'u-lar), adj. ring-like; in 
 the form of a ring or annulus : n. 
 the ring of light surrounding the 
 moon's body in an annular eclipse 
 of the sun. 
 
 annulate (an'u-lat), adj. ringed; 
 having ring-like bands or circles. 
 
 annulation (an-u-la'shun), n. a 
 ring-like formation. 
 
 annulet (an'u-let), n. a little ring; 
 a small fillet encircling a column. 
 
 annulment (an-nul'ment), n. the 
 act of reducing to nothing; aboli- 
 tion ; invalidation. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ant 
 
 annulosa (an-ii-lo'sa), n. the annu- 
 lose animals, as crustaceans, insects, 
 worms. 
 
 annulose (an'fi-los), adj. composed 
 of a succession of rings. 
 
 annunciate (an-nun'si-at), v.t. to 
 make known officially or publicly ; 
 announce. 
 
 annunciation (an-nun-si-a'shun), n. 
 the act of annunciating. 
 
 Annunciation ( an-nun-si-a'shun) , 
 n. the Church festival (Lady-day, 
 Mar. 25) commemorating the inti- 
 mation of the Incarnation made by 
 the angel Gabriel to the Virgin 
 Mary (Luke i. 28-33). 
 
 annunciator (an-nun'shi-a-ter), n. 
 a signaling apparatus ; an indicator 
 used in hotels, and connected with 
 the bells and telephones, to show in 
 which room attendance is required. 
 
 anode (an'od), n. the path of the 
 electric current from the positive to 
 the negative pole ; the positive pole. 
 
 anodyne (an'o-din), adj. assuaging 
 pain : n. a drug which relieves pain. 
 
 anoint (a-noint'), v.t. to pour oil 
 upon, in a religious ceremony ; con- 
 secrate. 
 
 anomalistic (a-nom-a-lis'tik), adj. 
 pertaining to the anomaly or angu- 
 lar distance of a planet from its 
 perihelion. 
 
 anomalous (a-nom'a-lus), adj. de- 
 viating from the common order ; ab- 
 normal. 
 
 anomaly (a-nom'a-li), n. deviation 
 from the natural order ; the angular 
 distance of a planet from its peri- 
 helion. 
 
 anon (a-non'), adv. soon; straight- 
 way ; again. 
 
 anonym (an'o-nim), n. a person who 
 remains nameless ; a pseudonym. 
 
 anonymity (an-o-nim'i-ti), n. the 
 state of being anonymous. 
 
 anonymous (a-non'i-mus), adj. bear- 
 ing -no author's name ; nameless. 
 
 anopheles ( an-of 'e-les ) , n. the genus 
 of mosquitoes which transmits to 
 man the germ of malaria. 
 
 another (a-nuth'er), adj. & pron. 
 one more ; not the same ; some one 
 else. 
 
 answer (an'ser), v.t. to swear in op- 
 position to ; to reply to a charge ; a 
 
 counterstatement : n. a response or 
 rejoinder ; a reply to a charge ; a 
 solution, as of a mathematical prob- 
 lem. 
 
 answerable (an'ser-a-bl), adj. liable 
 to give answer ; responsible. 
 
 ant (ant), n. a small social insect of 
 the hymenopterous order. 
 
 ant-bear ('bar), n. the name some- 
 times given (from its likeness to a 
 bear) to the great ant-eater of 
 America; the Cape ant-eater of 
 South Africa. 
 
 ant-eater ('e-ter), n. the name ap- 
 plied to a group of quadrupeds 
 which feed upon ants. 
 
 ant-lion ('li-un), n. a neuropterous 
 insect whose larva constructs a pit- 
 fall for ants and other insects. 
 
 antacid (ant-as'id), adj. counteract- 
 ing acidity : n. a medicine which 
 counteracts the formation of acids 
 in the system. 
 
 antagonism (an-tag'o-nizm), n. the 
 active opposition of two opponents 
 or opposing forces ; hostility. 
 
 antagonist (an-tag'o-nist), n. a com- 
 petitor in any sphere of action ; an 
 opponent. 
 
 antagonistic (an-tag-o-nis'tik), adj. 
 acting in opposition ; opposed. 
 
 antagonistically (-al-li), adv. in 
 rivalry or opposition. 
 
 antagonize (an-tag'o-niz), v.t. to op- 
 pose ; hinder ; counteract ; contend 
 against ; compete with : v.i. to act 
 in opposition ; neutralize. 
 
 antarctic (ant-ark'tik), adj. opposite 
 to arctic ; pertaining to the south- 
 polar regions ; southern. 
 
 antecede (an-te-sed'), v.t. to precede 
 or go before in time or space. 
 
 antecedence (an-te-se'dens) or an- 
 tecedency ('den-si), n. preced- 
 ence; the act or state of going be- 
 fore; priority. 
 
 antecedent (an-te-se'dent), adj. pre- 
 ceding : n. the substantive or noun 
 to which a relative or other pro- 
 noun refers; the part of a condi- 
 tional proposition upon which the 
 other depends: pi. the previous 
 events of a person's life. 
 
 antecedently (-li), adv. at a time 
 preceding. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ant 
 
 antecessor (an-te-ses'er), n. one 
 who goes before (in office). 
 
 antechamber (an'te-cham-ber), n. 
 an apartment next the principal 
 room, where persons wait for audi- 
 ence ; an outer room. 
 
 antedate (an'te-dat), v.t. to carry 
 back to an earlier period; antici- 
 pate : n. a date earlier than the ac- 
 tual date. 
 
 antediluvian ( an-te-di-lti'vi-an ) , 
 
 adj. of or pertaining to the world 
 before the Flood ; belonging to very 
 ancient times ; antiquated : n. one 
 who lived before the Flood. 
 
 antelope (an'te-lop), n. the name 
 given to numerous species of deer- 
 like ruminants, intermediate be- 
 tween the deer and the goat, with 
 cylindrical ringed horns. 
 
 antemeridian ( an-te-me-rid'i-an ) , 
 adj. preceding noon. 
 
 ant emetic (ant-e-met'ik), adj. allay- 
 ing vomiting : n. a medicine possess- 
 ing this property. 
 
 antemnndane (an-te-mun'dan), adj. 
 before the creation of the world. 
 
 antenatal (an-te-na'tal), adj. before 
 birth. 
 
 antenna (an-ten'a), n. [pi. antennae 
 ('e)L the jointed horns or feelers 
 upon the heads of insects and Crus- 
 tacea. 
 
 antenuptial (an-te-nup'shal), adj. 
 before marriage. 
 
 antepaschal (an-te-pas'kal), adj. 
 before Easter ; preceding the Jewish 
 Passover. 
 
 antepenult (an-te-pe-nulf) or an- 
 tepenultima ( an-te-pe-nul'ti-ma ) , 
 n. the last syllable but two of a 
 word. 
 
 antepenultimate ( an-te-pe-nul'ti- 
 mat), adj. pertaining to the last but 
 two: n. that which is last but two. 
 
 anteprandial (an-te-pran'di-al), adj. 
 before dinner. 
 
 anterior (an-ter'i-er), adj. more to 
 the f romt ; former. 
 
 anteriority (an-ter-i-or'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being anterior, especially 
 in order of time; priority. 
 
 anteroom (an'te-room), n. a room 
 before, or forming an entrance to, 
 another; an antechamber. 
 
 ant 
 
 antetemple ( an'te-tem-pl ) , n. the 
 portico of an ancient temple or 
 church ; the narthex. 
 
 anthelion (ant-he'- or an-the'li-on), 
 n. [pi. anthelia (-a)], a halo or a 
 colored ring or rings, opposite the 
 sun, formed around the shadow of 
 the head of the observer, as pro- 
 jected on a cloud or moist surface. 
 
 anthem (an'them), n. a composition 
 from the Scriptures or liturgy set to 
 sacred music. 
 
 anther (an'ther), n. the summit of 
 the stamen of a flower containing 
 the pollen or fertilizing dust. 
 
 antheroid ( an'ther-oid ) , adj. having 
 the form of an anther. 
 
 anthocarpous ( an-tho-kar'pus) , adj. 
 having a fruit formed from the 
 ovaries of several flowers, as the 
 pineapple. 
 
 anthography (an-thog'ra-fi), n. the 
 scientific description of flowers. 
 
 anthological (an-tho-loj'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to an anthology ; consist- 
 ing of beautiful extracts, more es- 
 pecially of those from the poets. 
 
 anthologist (an-thol'o-jist), n. one 
 who compiles an anthology. 
 
 anthology (an-thol'o-ji), n. a collec- 
 tion of choice poems, epigrams, and 
 fugitive pieces by various authors; 
 a hymnal. 
 
 anthracene (an'thra-sen), n. a com- 
 plex hydrocarbon obtained from coal- 
 tar ; paranaphthalin. 
 
 anthracite (an'thra-sit), n. a non- 
 bituminous coal which burns with- 
 out smoke ; blind-coal ; glance-coal ; 
 stone-coal ; hard-coal. 
 
 anthracitic (an-thra-sit'ik), adj. re- 
 sembling, or of the nature of, an- 
 thracite. 
 
 anthrax (an'thraks), n. [pi. anthra- 
 ces (-sez)], a carbuncle, or malig- 
 nant boil ; the splenic fever of sheep 
 and cattle, 'caused by the presence 
 of a bacillus in the blood and tis- 
 sues ; the carbuncular disease 
 caused in man by inoculation from 
 affected sheep and cattle. 
 
 anthropography (an-thro-pog'ra- 
 G.), n. that branch of anthropology 
 which treats of the actual geograph- 
 ical distribution of the human race, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ant 
 
 ant 
 
 and the local variations of its dif- 
 ferent divisions. 
 
 anthropoid (an'thro-poid), adj. re- 
 sembling man : n. one of the higher 
 apes resembling man. 
 
 Anthropoidea (an-thro-poi'de-a), n. 
 pi. a, sub-order of primate mammals, 
 including man, the apes, and 
 monkeys. 
 
 anthropological (an-thro-po-loj'i- 
 kal), adj. relating to an anthropolo- 
 gy. 
 
 anthropologist ( an-thro-pol'o-jist ) , 
 n. a student of anthropology. 
 
 anthropology (an-thro-pol'6-ji), n. 
 the science of man, considered zo- 
 ologically or ethnographically. 
 
 anthropometric ( an-thro-po-met'- 
 rik), adj. relating to the measure- 
 ment or proportions of the human 
 body. 
 
 an t hr op o me trie ally (-al-li), adv. 
 in an anthropological manner, or 
 by means of anthropometry. 
 
 anthropometry ( an-thro-pom'e-tri ) , 
 n. the measurement of the human 
 body; the department of anthropol- 
 ogy relating to such measurement 
 of persons at various ages, and in 
 different tribes, races, occupations, 
 &c. 
 
 anthropomorphic (an-thro-po-mCr'- 
 fik), adj. characterized by anthro- 
 pomorphism ; resembling man. 
 
 anthropomorphism (an-thro-po- 
 m6r-fizm), n. the ascription of a 
 human form and attributes to the 
 Deity, or to supernatural beings. 
 
 anthropophagi ( an-thr5-pof 'a-ji ) , 
 n.pl. maneaters ; cannibals. 
 
 anthropophagous (an-thro-pof'a- 
 gus), adj. feeding on human flesh. 
 
 antic (an'tik), adj. grotesque: n. a 
 clown ; a trick ; a grotesque gesture. 
 
 Antichrist (an'ti-krist), n. an op- 
 ponent of Christ, especially the great 
 personal opponent expected to ap- 
 pear before the end of the world [I 
 John ii. 22]. 
 
 antichristian (an-ti-kris'chan), n. 
 one who is an opponent of the 
 Christian religion : adj. pertaining 
 to Antichrist ; opposed to the Chris- 
 tian religion. 
 
 anticipant (an-tis'i-pant), adj. that 
 
 which operates beforehand : n. one 
 who looks forward. 
 
 anticipate (an-tis'i-pat), v.t. to take 
 beforehand ; use in advance ; look 
 for as certain ; deal with before- 
 hand : v.i. to treat of something be- 
 fore the proper time. 
 
 anticipation (an-tis-i-pa'shun), n. 
 the act of taking beforehand; ex- 
 pectation ; hope ; preconception. 
 
 anticipative (an-tis'i-pa-tiv), or 
 anticipatory (-to-ri), adj. taking 
 beforehand ; anticipating. 
 
 anticlimax (an'ti-kli-maks), n. a 
 ludicrous descent in thought and 
 expression ; bathos. 
 
 anticyclone (an'ti-si-klon), n. a 
 meteorological condition in which 
 the ordinary features of a cyclone 
 are reversed, i.e. the winds, which 
 are light, flow from instead of to- 
 wards the center. 
 
 anticyclonic (an-ti-sl-klon'ik), adj. 
 pertaining to an anticyclone. 
 
 antidotal (an'ti-do-tal), adj. of the 
 nature or quality of an antidote. 
 
 antido tally (-li), adv. in the man- 
 ner of an antidote. 
 
 antidote (an'ti-dot), n. a substance 
 which acts medicinally as a coun- 
 teractive to the effects of poison or 
 disease; that which annuls or tends 
 to prevent the evil effects of any- 
 thing else ; a remedy. 
 
 antifat (an'ti-fat), adj. available for 
 preventing or reducing fatness : n. 
 a remedy against fatness. 
 
 antifebrile (an-ti-feb'ril), adj. capa- 
 ble of allaying fever : n. a fever med- 
 icine or antipyretic. 
 
 antifebrine (an-ti-feb'rin), n. acet- 
 anilide, used in medicine as an 
 antipyretic. 
 
 antimask (an'ti-mask), n. a species 
 of drollery introduced as interlude 
 between acts of more serious nature. 
 Written also antimasque. 
 
 antimasonic (an-ti-ma-son'ik), adj. 
 opposed to the principles of free- 
 masonry. 
 
 antimonarchical ( an-ti-mo-nar 'ki- 
 kal), adj. opposed to monarchy. 
 
 antimonial (an-ti-mo'ni-al), adj. 
 pertaining to antimony ; composed 
 of, or possessing the qualities of, 
 antimony. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, tfien. 
 
ant 
 
 ant 
 
 antimoniate (an-ti-mo'ni-at), n. a 
 salt of antimonic acid. 
 
 antimonic (an-ti-mon'ik), or anti- 
 monious (an-ti-mo'ni-us), adj. re- 
 lating to, composed of, or obtained 
 from antimony. 
 
 antimonite (an'ti-mo-nit), n. native 
 sulphide of antimony. 
 
 antimony (an'ti-mo-ni), n. a white 
 lustrous metal, entering largely into 
 medicinal preparations and various 
 important alloys, such as pewter 
 and Britannia-metal. 
 
 antinomianism (an - ti-no'mi-an- 
 izm), n. the tenets of the Antino- 
 mian sect. 
 
 antinomy (an-tin'6-mi), n. [pi. an- 
 tinomies (-miz)], the opposition of 
 one law or part of a law to another. 
 
 antiparallel (an-ti-par'a-lel), adj. 
 running parallel, but in an oppo- 
 site direction : n. one of two or more 
 lines making equal angles with two 
 other lines, but in contrary order. 
 
 antipathetic (an-ti-pa-thet'ik), or 
 antipathetical ('i-kal), adj. pos- 
 sessing a natural antipathy or 
 aversion [with to]. 
 
 antipathic (an-ti-path'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to antipathy ; adverse ; op- 
 posite. 
 
 antipathy (an-tip'a-thi), n. [pi. an- 
 tipathies (-thiz)], natural aversion; 
 an instinctive dislike ; the object of 
 aversion (followed in composition 
 by to, against, between, and for). 
 
 antiperiodic (an-ti-pe-ri-od'ik), adj. 
 preventive of return in periodic or 
 intermittent diseases : n. a medicine 
 for periodic diseases. 
 
 antiphlogistic (an - ti-flo-jis'tik) , 
 adj. efficacious in counteracting 
 fever or inflammation : n. any rem- 
 edy which serves to check inflamma- 
 tory symptoms. 
 
 antiphon (an'ti-fon), or anti- 
 phone (-fon), n. a chant or hymn 
 rendered alternately by two choirs, 
 as in English cathedral services. 
 
 antiphonal ( an-tif 'o-nal), adj. char- 
 acterized by antiphony or respon- 
 sive singing : n. a collection of an- 
 tiphons. 
 
 antiphonary ( an-tif 'o-nar-i), n. [pi. 
 antiphonaries (-iz)], a book of re- 
 
 sponses used in the services : adj. 
 antiphonal, or responsive. 
 
 antiphonetic (an-ti-fo-net'ik), adj. 
 similar in sound; applied to words 
 which rhyme. 
 
 antiphony ( an-tif 'o-ni ) , n. [pi. an- 
 tiphonies (-niz)], the alternate or 
 responsive rendering of psalms or 
 chants by a dual choir ; a musical 
 setting of sacred verses arranged 
 for alternate singing. 
 
 antiphrasis ( an-tif 'ra-sis), n. the 
 employment of a word, or words, 
 in a sense contrary to its, or their, 
 true meaning. 
 
 antipodal (an-tip'o-dal), adj. per- 
 taining to the antipodes; opposite 
 or extreme. 
 
 antipode (an'ti-pod), n. [pi. antip- 
 odes (an-tip'o-dez)], one who re- 
 sides on the opposite side of the 
 earth ; that which is directly oppo- 
 site to another. 
 
 antipodean (an-tip-5-de'an), adj. 
 belonging to the antipodes : n. one 
 who resides on the opposite side of 
 the earth. 
 
 antipodes (an-tip'o-dez), n. pi. those 
 who, residing at opposite sides of 
 the globe, have their feet directly 
 opposed; the two portions of the 
 earth's surface which .are exactly 
 opposite to each other; the direct 
 opposite of a person or thing. 
 
 antipyretic (an-ti-pi-ret'ik), adj. 
 preventive of, or remedial to, fever : 
 n. a remedy of such nature. 
 
 antipyrin (an-ti-pi'rin), n. a drug, 
 obtained from coal-tar, employed 
 for the relief of neuralgia, nervous 
 headaches, and reduction of heat in 
 fevers. 
 
 antiquarian (an-tl-kwar'i-an), adj. 
 pertaining to antiquaries or to an- 
 tiquity : n. an antiquary. 
 
 antiquarianism ( an-ti-kwar'i-an- 
 izm), n. the attachment to what is 
 old or antiquated which character- 
 izes the antiquary ; the study or col- 
 lecting of antiquities. 
 
 antiquary (an'ti-kwar-i), n. one 
 who is attached to ancient things, 
 and is learned in their history; one 
 who collects antiquities for the pur- 
 pose of study. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ant 
 
 any 
 
 antiquated (an'ti-kwa-ted), p.adj. 
 grown old ; old-fashioned ; obsolete : 
 ancient. 
 
 antique (an-tek'), adj. of or belong- 
 ing to a former age; ancient: n, 
 something of great age; a relic of 
 antiquity. 
 
 antiqueness (-nes), n. the quality 
 of being ancient, or having the ap- 
 pearance of antiquity. 
 
 antiquity (an-tik'wi-ti), n. [pi. an- 
 tiquities (-tiz)], great age; ancient- 
 ness ; early ages ; the people or races 
 of ancient times ; that which be- 
 longed to, or survives from, ancient 
 times ; a relic. 
 
 antiscorbutic ( an-ti-skor-bu'tik ) , 
 adj. & n. counteractant or remedial 
 to scurvy. 
 
 anti-Semite (an-ti-sem'it), n. one 
 who favors the social and political 
 persecution of Jews. 
 
 anti-Semitic (an-ti-sem-it'ik), adj. 
 pertaining to, or characterized by, 
 anti-Semitism. 
 
 anti-Semitism (an-ti-sem'it-izm) , 
 n. antagonism to the Jewish race. 
 
 antisepsis (an-ti-sep'sis), n. the ex- 
 clusion of bacteria from wounds, &c, 
 by the use of antiseptics. 
 
 antiseptic (an-ti-sep'tik), adj. de- 
 structive to the germs of disease or 
 putrefaction : n. a substance that 
 acts as a preventive to putrefaction. 
 
 antislavery ( an-ti-sla'ver-i ) , adj. 
 opposed to slavery : n. opposition to 
 slavery. 
 
 antispasmodic ( an-ti-spaz-mod'ik ) , 
 adj. counteractive to, or curative of, 
 spasms : n. a medicine having such 
 an effect. 
 
 antisplenetic (an - ti-sple-net'ik ) , 
 adj. of use remedially in diseases of 
 the spleen : n. a medicine for spleen 
 diseases. 
 
 antistrophe (an-tis'tro-fe), n. in the 
 ancient Greek chorus, the alternat- 
 ing part immediately following the 
 strophe and sung in moving to the 
 right, the strophe having been sung 
 when moving to the left. 
 
 antithesis (an-tith'e-sis), n. [pi. an- 
 titheses (-sez)], opposition; con- 
 trast ; expression by contrast or op- 
 position of words or sentiments. 
 
 antithetic (an-ti-thet'ik), or an- 
 
 tithetical (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 of the nature of, or containing an- 
 tithesis. 
 
 antithetically (-li), adv. in the 
 manner or by means of antithesis. 
 
 antitoxin (an-ti-toks'in), n. a se- 
 rum used hypodermically as a pre- 
 ventive of, or cure for, diphtheria. 
 
 antitrade (an'ti-trad), n. a tropical 
 wind blowing steadily in an oppo- 
 site direction to the trade wind. 
 
 antitype (an'ti-tip), n. that which 
 preceded the type, and of which the 
 type is the prefigurement or repre- 
 sentation. 
 
 antitypical (an-ti-tip'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to, or of the nature of, 
 an antitype.* 
 
 antitypically (-li), adv. by way of 
 antitype. 
 
 antizymotic (an-ti-zi-mot'ik), adj. 
 preventing fermentation : n. the 
 agent so used. 
 
 antler (ant'ler), n. the individual 
 branches of a stag's horns; the 
 horn in its complete condition. 
 
 anurous (a-nii'rus), adj. having the 
 character of the Anura, as the frogs 
 and toads, which are tailless when 
 adult. 
 
 anus (a'nus), n. the terminal portion 
 of the rectum; the excremental ori- 
 fice. 
 
 anvil (an'vil), n. an iron block used 
 for the hammering and shaping of 
 metals. 
 
 anxiety (ang-zi'e-ti), n. [pi. anxie- 
 ties ( -tiz ) ] , a condition of mental 
 uneasiness arising from fear or solic- 
 itude. 
 
 anxious (ang'shus), a-dj. deeply con- 
 cerned ; very solicitous ; apprehen- 
 sive. 
 
 any (en'i), adj. & pron. one, indeter- 
 minately, unlimited ; some, an indef- 
 inite number, quantity, or degree : 
 adj. one indefinitely; (pi.) some: 
 pron. one; anyone; (pi.) some: 
 adv. to any extent ; at all ; in any 
 degree (used with comparatives, as 
 any better). 
 
 anybody (-bod-i), n. any person; 
 some one of importance. 
 
 anyhow (-hou), adv. in any way or 
 manner ; in any case ; at any rate. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
any 
 
 apo 
 
 anything (-thing), n. any object as 
 distinguished from apersonffi aught ; 
 with as or like, as "It rains like 
 anything." 
 
 anyway (-wa), adv. in any manner. 
 
 anywhere (-hwar), adv. in any 
 place. 
 
 any- whither (-hwi^'er), adv. to or 
 towards any place. 
 
 any-wise (-wiz), adv. in any way or 
 manner ; anyhow. 
 
 aorta (a-6r'ta), n. [pi. aortae (-te)], 
 the chief artery or main trunk of 
 the arterial system, opening from 
 the left ventricle of the heart and 
 supplying all parts of the body, ex- 
 cepting the lungs, wpth arterialized 
 blood. 
 
 aortic (a-6r'tik), adj. pertaining to 
 the aorta. 
 
 aortitis (a-6r-ti'tis), n. inflamma- 
 tion of the aorta. 
 
 aoudad (a'u-dad), n. a sheep-like 
 animal of North Africa, somewhat 
 resembling the chamois. 
 
 apace (a-pas'), adv. quickly; at a 
 quick pace; speedily. 
 
 apart (a-parf), adv. separately; 
 aside ; asunder. 
 
 apartment (a-part'ment), n. a room 
 or part of a divided building : pi. 
 a set or suite or two or more rooms 
 of a house set apart as lodgings. 
 
 apathetic (ap-a-thet'ik), or apa- 
 thetical (-al), adj. devoid of, or 
 insensible to, feeling or emotion. 
 
 apathetically (-li), adv. in an apa- 
 thetical manner. 
 
 apathy (ap'a-thi), n. [pi. apathies 
 (-thiz)], lack of feeling; want of 
 passion or emotion ; indifference. 
 
 apatite (ap'a-tlt), n. a crystalline 
 phosphate of lime. 
 
 ape (ap), n. a tailless monkey hav- 
 ing teeth in number and appear- 
 ance as man ; a silly mimic ; a fool. 
 The family of the apes includes the 
 gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-outang, 
 &c. : v.t. to imitate servilely ; mimic, 
 as an ape. 
 
 apeak (a-pek'), adv. nearly vertical 
 in position. 
 
 aperient (a-per'i-ent), adj. gently 
 laxative ; opening the bowels : n. a 
 mild laxative medicine. 
 
 aperiodic ( a-per-i-od'ik ) , adj. with- 
 out periodicity. 
 
 aperture (ap'er-tur), n. an opening; 
 a perforation or passage ; the space 
 between two intersecting right lines ; 
 the diameter of the exposed part of 
 the object-glass of a telescope or 
 other optical instrument. 
 
 apetalous (a-pet'a-lus), adj. without 
 petals or corolla. 
 
 apex (a'peks), n. [pi. apices (ap'i- 
 sez), & apexes (a'pek-sez) ], the 
 point, tip, or summit of anything. 
 
 aphagia (a-fa'ji-a), n. inability to 
 swallow. 
 
 aphasia (a-fa'zi-a), n. loss of the 
 power of speech, or the appropriate 
 use of words, due to disease or in- 
 jury of the brain. 
 
 aphelion (a-fe'li-on), n. [pi. aphelia 
 (-a)], that point in the orbit of a 
 planet or a comet which is farthest 
 from the sun. 
 
 aphid (af'id), n. a plant-louse be- 
 longing to the genus Aphis. 
 
 aphides, pi. of Aphis. 
 
 aphidian (a-fid'i-an), n. an aphid: 
 adj. pertaining to the genus Aphis. 
 
 Aphis (a'fis), n. [pi. Aphides (af'i- 
 dez)], the genus of plant-suckers, 
 to which the aphides belong ; a 
 member of the genus. 
 
 aphorism (af'6-rizm), n. a concise 
 and pithy statement of a rule or 
 precept ; a maxim. 
 
 aphthong (af 'thong), n. a letter or 
 letters not sounded in a word. 
 
 apiary (a'pi-a-ri), n. [pi. apiaries 
 (-riz) ], a place where bees are kept ; 
 a bee-house. 
 
 apiece (a-pes'), adv. to or for each; 
 each; severally. 
 
 apish (a'pish), adj. resembling an 
 ape in manners; foppish ; foolish. 
 
 aplomb (a-pl6ng') , n. self-possession ; 
 assurance. 
 
 Apocalypse (a-pok'a-lips), n. the 
 last book of the New Testament. 
 
 Apocalyptic (a-pok-a-lip'tik), or 
 Apocalyptical ('ti-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to or containing the Apoca- 
 lypse. 
 
 apocope (a-pok'e-pe), n. the cutting 
 off or deletion of the last letter or 
 syllable of a word. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think,, then. 
 
apo 
 
 apo 
 
 apocrypha (a-pok'ri-fa), n.pl. used 
 as a sing, with pi. apocryphas, 
 (-ffiz), a writing, or something, of 
 doubtful authorship ; certain writ- 
 ings received by some Christians as 
 an authentic part of the Holy Scrip- 
 tures, but rejected by others, as 
 Ecclesiasticus. 
 
 apocryphal (a-pok'ri-fal), adj. of 
 doubtful authority ; uncanonical ; of 
 or pertaining to the apocrypha. 
 
 apocryphally (-li), adv. in an 
 apocryphal manner ; doubtfully. 
 
 apod (ap'od), n. an animal without 
 feet. 
 
 apodosis (a-pod'o-sis), n. the lat- 
 ter portion, or consequent clause, of 
 a conditional sentence. 
 
 apogean (ap-o-je'an), or apogeic 
 ('ik), adj. pertaining to the apogee. 
 
 apogee (ap'o-je), n. that point in the 
 orbit of a planet which is most dis- 
 tant from the earth. 
 
 apologetic (a-pol-o-jet'ik), or apol- 
 ogetical ('i-kal), adj. in the way 
 of defense or apology. 
 
 apologetically (-li), adv. in an 
 apologetic manner. 
 
 apologetics (a-pol-o-jet'iks), n. the 
 defense and vindication of the prin- 
 ciples and laws of the Christian be- 
 lief. 
 
 apologist # (a-pol'o-jist), or apolo- 
 gizer (-ji-zer), n. one who apolo- 
 gizes ; one who pleads in extenua- 
 tion or defense of the actions or 
 principles of another. 
 
 apologize (a-pol'o-jiz), v.i. to make 
 an apology or excuse ; to express re- 
 gret or make amends for anything 
 said or done, on one's own behalf or 
 that of another : v.t. to write a de- 
 fense of; to defend. 
 
 apologue (ap'o-log), n. a moral 
 fable; a fiction or allegory embody- 
 ing a moral application, as iEsop's 
 fables. 
 
 apology (a-pol'o-ji), n. [pi. apolo- 
 gies (-jiz)], a vindication or ex- 
 cuse ; something spoken, written, or 
 offered in defense or extenuation : 
 an explanation by way of amends. 
 
 apophthegm. See apothegm. 
 
 apoplectic (ap-o-plek'tik), or apo- 
 plectical ('ti-kal), adj. pertaining 
 
 to, or of the nature of, apoplexy ; 
 afflicted with apoplexy. 
 
 apoplexy (ap'6-plek-si), n. the sud- 
 den loss of consciousness and mo- 
 tive power, resulting from cere- 
 bral rupture. 
 
 aport (a-port'), adv. on or towards 
 the port or left side of a ship. 
 
 apostasy (a-pos'ta-si), n. [pi. apos- 
 tasies (-siz)], the forsaking or 
 abandonment of what one has hith- 
 erto professed or adhered to, as 
 faith, principles, or party. 
 
 apostate (a-pos'tat), n. one who has 
 forsaken or apostatized his faith or 
 party ; one who renounces his pro- 
 fession after having been in holy 
 orders : adj. false ; traitorous ; rene- 
 gade. 
 
 apostatical (ap-os-tat'i-kal), adj. re- 
 bellious, in the manner of apostasy ; 
 apostate. 
 
 apostatize (a-pos'ta-tiz), v.i. to 
 abandon one's faith, church, or 
 party ; change one's religion for an- 
 other. 
 
 a posteriori ( a-pos-te-ri-o'ri ) , rea- 
 soning founded on observation of 
 facts, effects, or consequences, by 
 means of which the causes are 
 reached. 
 
 apostle (a-pos'l), n. one charged 
 with a high mission; one of the 
 twelve persons specially selected bv 
 Christ to propagate His gospel 
 (Luke vi. 13) ; one who performed 
 apostolic functions, as St. Paul (I 
 Cor. i. 1) ; the first missionary who 
 plants the Christian faith in any 
 region ; one who labors with special 
 success as a moral or social re- 
 former. 
 
 Apostles' Creed (kred), n. the 
 shortest of the three creeds, so 
 named as containing a summary of 
 apostolical doctrine. 
 
 apostle-spoon (-spoon), n. a spoon 
 having a figure of one of the Apos- 
 tles at the top of the handle. 
 
 apostolate (a-pos'to-lat), n. apostle- 
 ship (now restricted to the dignity 
 or office of the Pope). 
 
 apostolic (ap-os-tol'ik), or apos- 
 tolical (-'i-kal), adj. & n. of or 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 D. 5. book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
apo 
 
 pertaining to an apostle or apostles, 
 and their age, doctrine, or practice ; 
 papal. 
 
 apostolical succession (suk-sesb/- 
 un), n. the regular and uninter- 
 rupted transmission of ministerial 
 authority by bishops from the 
 Apostles. 
 
 apostrophe (a-pos'tro-fe), , n. a 
 breaking off in a speech to address 
 directly a person or persons who 
 may or may not be present ; the 
 omission from a word of one or 
 more letters, such omission being 
 indicated by the sign (') ; the. sign 
 (') so employed in writing or print- 
 ing. 
 
 ap os trophic (ap-o-strof'ik), adj. 
 pertaining to, or of the nature of, 
 an apostrophe. 
 
 apostrophize (a-pos'tro-fiz), v.t. to 
 address by apostrophe ; omit a let- 
 ter or letters ; mark an omission by 
 the sign (') : v.i. to make an apos- 
 trophe or short digressive address 
 in speaking. 
 
 apothecary (a-poth'e-ka-ri), n. [pi. 
 apothecaries (-riz)], one who pre- 
 pares and dispenses medicines and 
 drugs for profit ; one who is licensed 
 to prescribe ; a pharmacist. 
 
 apothecaries' -weight (wat), n. the 
 weight used for dispensing drugs, 
 and comprising the pound (12 oz.), 
 the ounce (8 drachms), the drachm 
 (3 scruples), the scruple (20 grs.), 
 and the grain. 
 
 apothegm (ap'o-them), n. a pithy 
 saying, embodying a wholesome 
 truth or precept. Also spelt apoph- 
 thegm. 
 
 apotheosis (ap-o-the'o-sis}, n. [pi. 
 apotheoses (-sez)], deification; the 
 god-like personification bestowed 
 upon deceased emperors under the 
 Roman Empire ; excessive honor 
 paid to a distinguished person ; 
 canonization. 
 
 apotheosize (ap-o-the-o'siz), v.t. to 
 exalt to the rank of a God ; deify. 
 
 appal (ap-pawl'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ap- 
 palled, p.pr. appalling] , to fright ; 
 depress or discourage by fear ; dis- 
 may ; terrify. 
 
 appalling (ap-paw'ling), p.adj. in- 
 spiring horror or dismay. 
 
 app 
 
 apparatus (ap-a-ra'tus), n. sing. & 
 pi. an outfit of tools, utensils, or in- 
 struments adapted to the accom- 
 plishment of any branch of work, 
 or for the performance of an ex- 
 periment or operation ; a set of such 
 appliances ; a group or set of organs 
 concerned in the performance of a 
 single function. 
 
 apparel (a-par'el), n. clothing; ves- 
 ture ; garb, or dress ; the equipment 
 of a vessel : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. appar- 
 eled, p.pr. appareling], to clothe or 
 adorn ; furnish or fit out. 
 
 apparent (ap-par'ent), adj. open to 
 view ; capable of being readily per- 
 ceived or understood ; evident ; seem- 
 ing, but not real. 
 
 apparition (ap-a-rish'un), n. a vis- 
 ible object ; an appearance of some- 
 thing not real or tangible; a ghost 
 or specter ; the first appearance of 
 a luminary after obscuration : op- 
 posed to occultation. 
 
 appeal (ap-pel'), v.t. to transfer or 
 refer to a superior court or judge ; 
 to refer to another person or tri- 
 bunal ; entreat, call for, or invoke 
 aid, sympathy, or mercy : n. a call 
 or invocation for aid or sympathy; 
 the right of appeal ; a summons to 
 answer a charge ; a call or reference 
 to another ; recourse ; _ the removal 
 of a cause from an inferior to a 
 superior court, the latter having the 
 power to revise the decision of the 
 lower tribunal. 
 
 appear (ap-per'), v.i. to be or be- 
 come visible ; come before ; seem. 
 
 appearance (ap-per'ans), n. the act 
 of becoming visible ; the object seen ; 
 a phenomenon ; an apparition ; sem- 
 blance ; outward show ; the act of 
 coming before the public; coming 
 into court ; look ; bearing or aspect. 
 
 appeasable ( ap-pe'za-bl ) , adj. ca- 
 pable of being appeased. 
 
 appease (ap-pez'), v.t. to allay; at 
 suage; quiet; satisfy; pacify. 
 
 appeasement (ap-pez'ment), n. tl 
 act of appeasing; the state of beii. 
 appeased. 
 
 appeasive (ap-pe'ziv), adj. of a mv 
 ture to appease ; that tends to gjftjet 
 or assuage. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; I 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
app 
 
 appellant (ap-pel'ant), n. one who 
 appeals to a higher court ; one who 
 appeals to a judge, or to any tri- 
 bunal. 
 
 appellate (ap-pel'at), adj. pertain- 
 ing to appeals ; having cognizance of 
 appeals : n. the person appealed 
 against or called upon to appear. 
 
 appellation (ap-e-la'shun), n. the 
 name, title, or designation by which 
 a person or thing is called or 
 known ; the act of appealing. 
 
 appellative (ap-pel'a-tiv), adj. serv- 
 ing to distinguish, as a name or de- 
 nomination of a group or class ; 
 common, as a noun : n. a common, 
 as distinguished from a proper, 
 name ; the designation of a class. 
 
 appellatory ( ap-pel'a-to-ri ) , adj. 
 containing an appeal. 
 
 appellee (ap-e-le'), n. the person ap- 
 pealed against; the defendant in an 
 appeal. 
 
 append (ap-pend'), v.t. to attach, 
 hang, or suspend; subjoin or add 
 to, as an accessory part ; annex. 
 
 appendage (ap-pen'daj), n. some- 
 thing appended or attached as a part 
 of; something added as an adjunct. 
 
 appendant (ap-pen'dant), or ap- 
 pendent ('dent), adj. attached or 
 annexed : n. that which is appended 
 or added. 
 
 appendicitis (ap-pen-di-si'tis), n. 
 inflammation of the vermiform ap- 
 pendix of the caecum. 
 
 appendix (ap-pen'diks), n. [pi. ap- 
 pendixes (Mik-sez) & appendices 
 ('di-sez)], that which is added as 
 supplemental. 
 
 appertain (ap-er-tan'), v.i. to be- 
 long or pertain to, as by relation or 
 custom. 
 
 appetite (ap'e-tit), n. the desire for 
 .gratification of some want, craving, 
 . or passion that is natural or 
 acquired ; the relish for food induced 
 .£# keenness of stomach. 
 jpetizer (ap'e-ti-zer), n. something 
 D ^at excites or whets the appetite. 
 plaud (ap-plawd'), v.t. to praise; 
 express approval or approbation by 
 clapping of the hands or acclama- 
 tion. 
 
 ap-'ause (ap-plawz'), n. the ex- 
 rcession of approval by clapping; 
 
 app 
 
 approbation openly shown by ac- 
 clamation. 
 
 applausive (ap-plaw'siv), adj. ap- 
 plauding ; manifesting approval. 
 
 apple (ap'l), n. the round fleshy fruit 
 of the apple-tree, and its numerous 
 cultivated varieties; any fruit re- 
 sembling an apple. 
 
 appliance (ap-pll'ans), n. the act of 
 applying ; that which is used with, 
 or as a part of, something else. 
 
 applicability (ap-li-ka-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being applicable. 
 
 applicable ( ap'li-ka-bl ) , adj. capable 
 of being, or fit to be, applied. 
 
 applicant (ap'li-kant), n. one who 
 applies, or prefers a request for 
 something ; a petitioner. 
 
 application (ap-li-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of applying, putting to, or on ; 
 the thing applied; the applying or 
 reducing to practice; the practical 
 demonstration of a principle; the 
 act of requesting; request; mental 
 assiduousness. 
 
 applicative (ap'li-ka-tiv), adj. capa- 
 ble of being applied. 
 
 applicatory (ap'li-ka-to-ri), adj. fit- 
 ness to be applied: n. that which 
 ies. 
 
 applied (ap-plld'), p. adj. practical. 
 
 applique (ap-li-ka/), n. a method of 
 ornamentation in dress or uphol- 
 stery in which portions or figures 
 cut from other patterns are fixed or 
 applied to a groundwork or founda- 
 tion of any material. 
 
 apply (ap-pli'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ap- 
 plied, p.pr. applying], to place one 
 to another ; lay on ; put into prac- 
 tice ; devote to a particular purpose ; 
 refer or ascribe as fitting to a per- 
 son or thing; address or direct; fix 
 the mind upon : v.i. to suit ; have 
 connection with or reference to ; 
 make application to. 
 
 appoint (ap-poinf), v.t. to fix; set- 
 tle; found; make fast; establish by 
 decree ; assign or ordain ; fix the 
 time and order of ; furnish or equip ; 
 v.i. to decree ; ordain ; determine. 
 
 appointee (ap-poin-te'), n. one in 
 whose favor an appointment is 
 made. 
 
 appointment (ap-point'ment), n. 
 the act of appointing; the assign- 
 
 fcUp^rm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
app 
 
 ing to an office or trust ; the state 
 of being appointed ; the position or 
 office assigned or held ; a stipula- 
 tion ; an engagement ; an arrange- 
 ment to meet by mutual agreement ; 
 an ordinance or decree established 
 by authority ; furniture or equip- 
 ment. 
 
 apportion (ap-por'shun), v.t. to as- 
 sign by equal or proportionate di- 
 vision; distribute or set out in just 
 proportions. 
 
 ap p o r ti o nment ( ap-por 'shun-ment ) , 
 n. the act of apportioning or divid- 
 ing into just shares. 
 
 apposite (ap'o-zit), adj. proper; fit; 
 pertinent ; well-adapted. 
 
 apposition (ap-o-zish'un), n. the act 
 of adding; addition by application, 
 or placing together ; the placing of a 
 second noun in the same case in 
 juxtaposition to the first, which it 
 characterizes or explains, as St. 
 Mark, the Evangelist. 
 
 appositional (ap-o-zish'un-al), adj. 
 belonging to apposition. 
 
 appraisal (ap-pra'zal), n. the act of 
 appraising, or putting a price upon 
 with a view to sale. 
 
 appraise (ap-praz'), v.t. to set a 
 price upon; value; estimate the 
 worth of, as by a licensed appraiser. 
 
 appraisement (ap-praz'ment), n. 
 the act of valuing; an authorized 
 valuation. 
 
 appraiser (ap-pra'zer), n. one who 
 appraises ; a person licensed and 
 sworn to estimate the value of goods 
 or estates. 
 
 appreciable ( ap-pre'sbi-a-bl ) , adj. 
 capable of being appreciated, per- 
 ceived, or estimated. 
 
 appreciate (ap-pre-shi-at), v.t. to 
 value ; estimate the worth of ; es- 
 teem highly ; prize ; be sensible of ; 
 raise in value. 
 
 appreciation (ap-pre-shi-a/shun), n. 
 the just valuation, or proper esti- 
 mate of worth or merit ; a rise in 
 value. 
 
 appreciative (ap-pre'shi-a-tiv), adj. 
 exhibiting appreciation. 
 
 appreciatory ( ap-pre'shi-a-to-ri ) , 
 adj. expressive of admiration. 
 
 apprehend ( ap-re-hend' ) , v.t. to take 
 or lay hold of ; seize ; arrest ; take 
 
 app 
 
 a mental hold of ; anticipate or ex- 
 pect: v.i. to incline to belief; form 
 a conception. 
 
 apprehensible ( ap-re-hen'si-bl ) , adj. 
 capable of being apprehended or 
 conceived. 
 
 apprehension (ap-re-hen'shun), n. 
 the act of seizure or laying hold of ; 
 arrest ; the act of conceiving ; per- 
 ception; anticipation of evil; fear 
 or distrust of the future. 
 
 apprehensive (ap-re-hen'siv), adj. 
 capable of apprehending; quick to 
 learn, or grasp; fearful of evil; 
 anxious for the future. 
 
 apprentice (a-pren'tis), n. one bound 
 or articled by indenture to serve a 
 certain number of years to learn 
 some trade or craft ; a novice or 
 tyro : v.t. to put under the care of a 
 master for instruction in some trade 
 or craft. 
 
 apprize (a-priz'), v.t. to give notice 
 to ; inform. 
 
 approach (ap-proch'), v.i. to draw 
 or grow near; approximate: v.t. to 
 resemble, come near to. 
 
 approach (ap-proch'), n. the act of 
 drawing near ; access ; passage. 
 
 approbate (ap'ro-bat), v.t. to ex- 
 press approval of; license or sanc- 
 tion. 
 
 approbation (ap-ro-ba'shun), n. the 
 act of approving ; commendation. 
 
 approbative (ap'ro-ba-tiv), adj. ap- 
 proving ; expressing approbation. 
 
 approbativeness (-nes), n. love of 
 praise or fame ; ambition. 
 
 approbatory (ap'ro-ba-to-ri), adj. 
 containing or expressing approba- 
 tion. 
 
 appropriable (ap-pro'pri-a-bl), adj. 
 capable of appropriation. 
 
 appropriate (ap-pr6'pri-at), v.t. to- 
 take to one's self, in exclusion of 
 others ; claim or use, as by an ex- 
 clusive right ; set apart or assign to 
 a particular use ; annex a benefice 
 to a religious corporation : adj. pe-. 
 culiar; fit; apt. 
 
 appropriation ( ap-pro-pri-a'shun ) , 
 n. the act of assigning to one's self, 
 or to a particular use or person ; 
 application to a special use or pur- 
 pose; the annexation of a benefice 
 to a religious corporation. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
app 
 
 app r opriative ( ap-pro'pr i-a-ti v ) , 
 adj. appropriating ; making or tend- 
 ing to appropriation. 
 
 appropriator (ap-pro'pri-a-ter), n. 
 one who appropriates; one who 
 holds an appropriated benefice. 
 
 approvable ( ap-proo'va-bl ) , adj. 
 deserving of or meriting approval. 
 
 approval (ap-proov'al), n. approba- 
 tion ; sanction ; ratification ; consent. 
 
 approve (ap-proov'), v.t. to prove, 
 test, or demonstrate ; ratify ; pro- 
 nounce efficient or sufficient ; be 
 pleased or satisfied with ; commend : 
 v.i. to express approval (usually fol- 
 lowed by of). 
 
 approver (ap-proo'ver), n. one who 
 approves. 
 
 approvingly (ap-proo'ving-li), adv. 
 in a commendatory manner. 
 
 approximate (ap-prok'si-mat), v.t. 
 to bring or carry near ; cause to ap- 
 proach : v.i. to draw near ; approach 
 closely : adj. making approach to ; 
 near in resemblance or position. 
 
 approximately ( ap-prok'si-mat'li ) , 
 adv. very nearly but not absolutely. 
 
 approximation (ap-prok-si-ma'- 
 shun), n. the act of approximating; 
 approach to anything as a standard ; 
 continual approach in exactness to 
 the quantity sought, without actual- 
 ly arriving at it ; a value nearly but 
 not quite correct. 
 
 approximative ( ap-prok'si-ma-tiv ) , 
 adj. with a tendency to exactness. 
 
 approximatively ( ap-prok'si-ma-tiv- 
 li), adv. in an approximative man- 
 ner. 
 
 appnlse (ap-puls'), or appulsion 
 (-pul'shun), n. a coming towards; 
 the near approach of a planet to a 
 conjunction with the sun or any 
 fixed star. 
 
 appurtenance (ap-per'te-nans), n. 
 that which belongs or relates to 
 something else; an adjunct or ap- 
 pendage ; that which belongs to, or is 
 accessory to, an estate or property. 
 
 appurtenant (ap-per'te-nant), adj. 
 belonging or pertaining to ; acces- 
 sory. 
 
 apricot (a'pri-kot & ap'ri-kot), n. the 
 fruit of a tree, allied to the plum. 
 
 April fool (fool), n. one whois im- 
 posed upon or deceived in a jocular 
 
 aqn 
 
 manner on April 1st, or All Fools' 
 Day. 
 
 a priori (a pri-o'ri), from something 
 prior ; proceeding from antecedent 
 to consequent. 
 
 apron (a'prun), n. a portion of cloth, 
 leather, or other material, worn as 
 a protective or ornamental covering 
 to the front of the person ; a leath- 
 ern covering for the legs, used in 
 driving ; the vent-cover of a cannon ; 
 the curved timber placed above the 
 foremost end of a ship's keel ; a plat- 
 form at the entrance to a dock. 
 
 apropos (a-pro-po'), adv. to the pur- 
 pose ; to the point ; opportunely ; in 
 respect (followed by of ) : adj. season- 
 able; happy. Written also a propos. 
 
 apse (aps), n. [pi. apses (-ez)], a 
 polygonal or semicircular recess ter- 
 minating the choir or other portion 
 of a church. 
 
 apsidal (ap'si-dal), adj. pertaining 
 to the apsides. 
 
 apsis (ap'sis), n. [pi. apsides ('si- 
 dez) ], one of two points in the orbit 
 of a planet situated at the furthest 
 or the least distance from the central 
 body or sun ; the imaginary line con- 
 necting these points. 
 
 apt (apt), adj. suitable; pertinent; 
 appropriate ; liable ; inclined ; ready ; 
 expert ; quick of apprehension. 
 
 apteral (ap'te-ral), adj. without 
 wings ; without side-columns. 
 
 apterous (ap'te-rus), adj. destitute 
 of wings, or wing-like expansions. 
 
 apteryx (ap'te-riks), n. a wingless 
 and tailless bird peculiar to New 
 Zealand. 
 
 aptitude (ap'ti-tud), n. capacity for 
 anything ; fitness ; tendency ; readi- 
 ness in learning. 
 
 aqua (a'kwa), n. a term much used 
 in pharmacy in the abbreviated form 
 of Aq., and denoting the addition of 
 water. 
 
 aqua ammonise (am-mo'ni-e), water 
 containing an infusion of ammonia- 
 gas. 
 
 aqua fortis (fSr'tis), n. (strong wa- 
 ter), impure nitric acid. 
 
 aqua regia (a'kwa re'ji-a), n. 
 (royal-water), a mixture of nitric 
 and hydrochloric acids, capable of 
 dissolving gold. 
 
 jlte, arm, 
 
 c, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
aqu 
 
 arb 
 
 aqua vitse (a'kwa vi'te), n. (water 
 of life ) unrectified alcohol ; brandy 
 and other ardent spirits. 
 
 aquamarine (a'kwa-ina-ren'), n. a 
 pale bluish-green variety of beryl ; 
 a color resembling the precious 
 beryl. 
 
 aquarium (a-kwar'i-um), n. [pi. 
 aquaria (-a) & aquariums (-umz)], 
 a tank or globe for the keeping and 
 cultivation of aquatic plants and 
 animals ; a series of such recepta- 
 cles. 
 
 aquatic (a-kwat'ik), adj. pertaining 
 ■to water; growing or living in or 
 upon water ; performed in or upon 
 water, as sports : n. an animal or 
 plant inhabiting water: pi. aquatic 
 sports. 
 
 aquatint (a'kwa-tint), n. a species 
 of etching resembling a water-color 
 drawing in India ink or in sepia; 
 an engraving produced by this proc- 
 ess : v.t. to etch or engrave in aqua- 
 tint. 
 
 aqueduct (ak'we-dukt), n. a struc- 
 ture in the form of a conduit or ar- 
 tificial channel for conducting water 
 from a source, as for the supply of 
 a large city. 
 
 aqueous (a'kwe-us), adj. of the na- 
 ture of, or abounding in, water ; 
 watery ; formed in or by means of 
 water. 
 
 aquiform (a-kwi-fCrm), adj. having 
 the form of water ; liquid. 
 
 aquiline (ak'wi-lin & -lin), adj. be- 
 longing to or resembling an eagle ; 
 curved, as the beak of an eagle. 
 
 Arab (ar'ab), n. a native of Arabia; 
 a desert-dweller ; one of the Arabic 
 races spread over the African and 
 Syrian deserts ; a homeless street- 
 urchin or outcast : adj. pertaining 
 to Arabia or the Arabs. 
 
 arabesque (ar-a-besk'), n. the style 
 of Arabic decorative art, which con- 
 sists of the painting, inlaying, or 
 carving in low relief of figures of 
 plants, fruits, flowers, and foliage, 
 variously combined or fantastically 
 grouped : adj. pertaining to or ex- 
 hibiting the arabesque style of orna- 
 mentation : v.t. enrich with orna- 
 ment in arabesque. 
 
 Arabic numerals (-num'er-alz), 
 
 n.pl. the figures 0, 1, 2, 3, &c, of 
 Indian origin, used by the Arabs 
 and introduced into Europe in the 
 12th century- 
 arable (ar'a-bl), adj. fit for the 
 plow; suited to the purposes of 
 cultivation. 
 
 arbiter (ar'bi-ter), n. an umpire or 
 judge; an arbitrator. 
 
 arbitrament (ar-bit'ra-ment), n. 
 the decision of arbitrators ; an 
 award. 
 
 arbitrarily- (-li), adv. in a capri- 
 cious manner ; imperiously. 
 
 arbitrary (ar'bi-trar-i), adj. de- 
 pending on the will of the arbiter ; 
 discretionary ; capricious ; imperi- 
 ous. 
 
 arbitrate (ar'bi-trat), v.i. to act as 
 arbiter ; to settle a dispute, as an 
 umpire ; mediate. 
 
 arbitration (ar-bi-tra'shun), n. the 
 settlement of a dispute by an um- 
 pire. 
 
 arbitrator (ar'bi-tra-ter), n. one 
 chosen by the parties in a dispute to 
 settle it ; an umpire. 
 
 arbor (ar'ber), n. a bower; a shaded 
 nook or walk. 
 
 Arbor Day (ar'ber da), a day legally 
 set apart in certain States for plant- 
 ing trees. 
 
 arboraceous (ar-bo-ra'shus), adj. 
 pertaining to, or of the nature of, a 
 tree or trees ; living on or among 
 trees. 
 
 arboreous (ar-bo're-us) or arboreal 
 (-al), adj. pertaining to trees; 
 wooded. 
 
 arborescence (ar-bo-res'ens), n. ' 
 something having the shape of a 
 tree, as certain crystals. 
 
 arborescent (ar-bo-res'ent), adj. • 
 tree-like. 
 
 arboretum (ar-bo-re'tum), n. [pi. 
 arboreta, (-ta) & arboretums 
 (-tumz)], a place in which rare 
 trees are cultivated and exhibited. 
 
 arboriculture (ar-ber-i-kul'tur), n. 
 the cultivation of trees. 
 
 arborise (ar-ber-e-za'), adj. marked 
 like the branching of trees, as 
 agates, enamels, &c. 
 
 arborisation or arborization (ar- 
 ber-i-za'shun), n. a tree-like appear- 
 ance. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then, 
 
arb 
 
 arborous (ar'ber-us), adj. having 
 the appearance or nature of an ar- 
 bor. 
 
 arbor-vitse (ar-ber-vl'te), n. an 
 evergreen tree extensively culti- 
 vated in gardens, &c. 
 
 arc (ark), n. a curved line or any 
 part of a curve forming the segment 
 of a circle; the portion of a circle 
 described by the sun or any heav- 
 enly body in its apparent passage 
 through the heavens. 
 
 arc-lamp (-lamp), n. a lamp having 
 a luminous bridge or arc. 
 
 arc -light (-lit), a light produced by 
 a current of electricity passing be- 
 tween two carbon points placed a 
 short distance from each other. 
 
 arcade (ar-kad'), n. a series of 
 arches supported by pillars; an 
 arched gallery, or promenade, lined 
 with shops. 
 
 arcadian (ar-ka'di-an), adj. rurally 
 simple. 
 
 arcanum, (ar-ka'num), n. [pi. arcana 
 ('na)], a secret; a mystery; a val- 
 uable elixir. 
 
 arch (arch), n. structure of brick or 
 masonry, the component wedge- 
 shaped parts of which follow a 
 curved line ; any curvature having 
 the form of an arch : v.t. to cover 
 with an arch or arches ; to bend or 
 curve into the form of an arch : v.i. 
 to form an arch or arches ; curve : 
 adj. chief ; of the first rank ; cun- 
 ning ; crafty ; shrewd ; waggish ; 
 mischievous ; roguish ; sportive ; coy. 
 
 arch-board (arch'bord), n. the por- 
 tion of the stern over the counter of 
 a ship. 
 
 arch-brick (arch'brik), n. a wedge- 
 shaped brick used in the construc- 
 tion of arches. 
 
 archseologic (ar-ke-o-loj'ik) or 
 archaeological ('i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to the study of antiquities. 
 
 archse ©logically (-li), adv. in ac- 
 accordance with the science of an- 
 tiquities. 
 
 archaeologist or archeologist (ar- 
 ke-ol'o-jist), n. one versed in the 
 study of ancient things ; an anti- 
 quary. 
 
 archaeology or archeology (ar-ke- 
 ol'o-ji) , n. the science of antiquities ; 
 
 the study of prehistoric remains, or 
 the relics of the early races of man- 
 kind. 
 
 archaic (ar-ka'ik) or archaical 
 ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to a re- 
 mote period ; characterized by an- 
 tiquity ; old-fashioned ; antiquated. 
 
 archaism (ar'ka-izm), n. antiquity 
 of style or use; an antiquated, old- 
 fashioned, or obsolete word, expres- 
 sion, or idiom. 
 
 archangel ( ark-an'jel ) , n. an angel 
 of the highest order. 
 
 archangelic (ark-an-jel'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to archangels. 
 
 archbishop (arch-bish'up), n. a 
 chief bishop, one who supervises the 
 bishops in his province, and also ex- 
 ercises episcopal authority in his 
 own diocese. 
 
 archbishopric (arch-bish'up-rik), n. 
 the jurisdiction, office, or see of an 
 archbishop. 
 
 archdeacon (arch-de'kn), n. digni- 
 tary ranking next below a bishop, 
 and who acts as his vicar or vice- 
 regent. 
 
 archdeaconate. See archidiaconate. 
 
 archdeaconry (arch-de'kn-ri), n. the 
 office, rank, jurisdiction, or residence 
 of an archdeacon. 
 
 archducal (arch-du'kal), adj. per- 
 taining to an archduke or an arch- 
 duchy. 
 
 archduchess (arch-duch'es), n. the 
 wife of an archduke ; a daughter of 
 the Emperor of Austria. 
 
 archduchy (arch-duch'i), n. [pi. 
 archduchies (-iz)], the territory or 
 rank of an archduke or archduchess. 
 
 archduke (arch-duk'), n. a prince of 
 the imperial house of Austria. 
 
 archdukedom (arch-dtik'dom), n. 
 the dignity or territory of an arch- 
 duke. 
 
 archebiosis (ar-ke-bi-o'sis), n. the 
 origination of living from non-living 
 matter ; abiogenesis. 
 
 archegony (ar-keg'o-ni), n. the doc- 
 trine of the origin of life. 
 
 archenemy (arch-en'e-mi), n. a 
 principal enemy ; Satan. 
 
 archer (ar'cher), n. a bowman; one 
 skilled in the use of the bow and 
 arrow. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
arc 
 
 archer-fish (-fish), n. a scaly-finned 
 fish of the Java seas, which catches 
 insects by darting drops of water 
 upon them. 
 
 archery (ar'cher-i), n. the art, prac- 
 tice, or skill of one who uses the 
 bow and arrow. 
 
 archetype (ar'ke-tip), n. the original 
 type or pattern upon or after which 
 a thing is made ; a model ; the orig- 
 inal or fundamental type-structure 
 from which a natural group of 
 plants or animals are assumed to 
 have descended. 
 
 archetypic (ar-ke-tip'ik), arche- 
 typal (-ti'pal), or archetypical 
 (-tip'i-kal), adj. of or pertaining to 
 an archetype. 
 
 arche typically (-li), adv. after the 
 manner of an archetype. 
 
 archiepiscopacy ( ar-ki-e-pis'ko-pa- 
 si), n. the rule or dignity of an 
 archbishop. 
 
 ar chiepiscop al ( ar-ki-e-pis'ko-pal ) , 
 adj. pertaining to an archbishop or 
 to his office. 
 
 arcliiepiscopate. See archiepisco- 
 pacy. 
 
 arching (ar'ching), adj. curving like 
 an arch : n. arched work. 
 
 archipelagic (ar-ki-pe-laj'ik), adj. 
 pertaining to a collection of islands 
 with the sea dividing them. 
 
 archipelago (ar-ki-pel'a-go), n, [pi. 
 archipelagoes & -gos (-goz)], any 
 sea or body of salt water inter- 
 spersed with numerous islands; the 
 island-group itself. 
 
 architect (ar'ki-tekt), n. one versed 
 in the art of building and the vari- 
 ous styles of architecture ; one who 
 plans or designs buildings and su- 
 perintends their construction, hence 
 one who forms or designs. 
 
 architective (ar'ki-tek-tiv), adj. 
 used in building; proper for build- 
 ing. 
 
 architectonics ( ar-ki-tek-ton'iks ) , 
 n.pl. the science of architecture. 
 
 architectural ( ar-ki-tek'tu-ral ) , adj. 
 pertaining to the art of building ; in 
 accordance with the rules of the 
 building art. 
 
 architecturally (-li), adv. with re- 
 gard to the principles of the build- 
 
 ing art; from the designer's point 
 of view. 
 
 architecture (ar'ki-tek-tur), n. the 
 science or art of building ; the meth- 
 od or style of building; construc- 
 tion ; workmanship. 
 
 architrave (ar'ki-trav), n. the low- 
 est division of an entablature, or 
 that part which rests immediately 
 on the column. 
 
 archival (ar-kl'val & ar'ki-val), adj. 
 pertaining to, or included in state 
 records. 
 
 archive (ar'kiv), n. [pi. archives 
 (-kivz)], a record preserved as evi- 
 dence : pi. the place where public or 
 state records are kept ; state or pub- 
 lic documents, or records of histori- 
 cal value pertaining to a nation or 
 to a family. 
 
 archly (-li), adv. roguishly; wag- 
 gishly; coyly. 
 
 archness (-nes), n. shyness; coy- 
 ness. 
 
 archon (ar'kon), n. a chief magis- 
 trate of ancient Athens ; one of the 
 nine chief magistrates chosen to su- 
 perintend civil and religious matters. 
 
 archpriest (arch'prest), n. a chief 
 priest ; a rural dean. 
 
 arch-way (arch'wa), n. an opening or 
 passage beneath an arched or vaulted 
 roof. 
 
 arcograph (ark'o-graf), n. an in- 
 strument for drawing an arc with- 
 out the use of a central point. 
 
 arctic (ark'tik), adj. pertaining to 
 the region of the north pole ; polar ; 
 northern ; frigid. 
 
 arctic circle (ser'kl), n. an imagin- 
 ary circle parallel to the equator and 
 distant 23° 28' from the north pole. 
 
 ardent (ar'dent), adj. hot; burning; 
 fiery ; warm ; glowing ; passionate ; 
 eager ; zealous ; vehement. 
 
 ardent spirits (spir'itz), n.pl. alco- 
 holic beverages, as brandy, whiskey, 
 &c. 
 
 ardor (ar'der), n. heat in a physical 
 sense ; warmth of affection or pas- 
 sion ; eager desire ; zeal. 
 
 arduous ( ar'du-us ) , adj. steep ; hard 
 to climb ; attended with great labor 
 or exertion ; difficult. 
 
 are (ar), pres. tense pi. of the verb 
 to be. See be. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
are 
 
 are (ar), n. the unit of French super- 
 ficial or square measure containing 
 100 sq. meters or 1076.44 English 
 sq. ft. 
 
 area (ar'e-a), n. [pi. areas (-az)], 
 any plane surface having bounds, 
 whether natural or artificial, as the 
 floor of a hall, &c. ; any defined ex- 
 tent of land-surface ; the sunken 
 space situated at the base of a build- 
 ing and separating it from the 
 street ; the superficial contents of 
 any space or figure ; extent ; range ; 
 scope ; a compass of ore allotted to 
 miners. 
 
 arena (a-re'na), n. [pi. arenas 
 (-naz)], the central enclosed space 
 (usually strewn with sand) of a 
 Roman amphitheater, in which the 
 gladiatorial combats took place ; 
 hence the scene or field for combat 
 or exertion of any kind. 
 
 arenaceous (ar-e-na'shus)^ adj. 
 sandy ; abounding in, or having the 
 properties of, sand. 
 
 Areopagus (ar-e-op'a-gus), n. the 
 tribunal, or highest court, of ancient 
 Athens, so named from its situation 
 on the hill of Ares (Mars) ; hence 
 any high court or tribunal. 
 
 Argand lamp (lamp), n. a lamp 
 having a hollow circular wick to 
 permit the passage of air inside and 
 outside the flame. 
 
 argent (ar'jent), n. the silver of a 
 coat of arms, represented in drawing 
 or engraving by a plain white sur- 
 face, symbolical of purity, beauty, 
 &c. : adj. made of, or resembling, 
 silver ; silvery white ; bright like sil- 
 ver. 
 
 argentite (ar'jen-tit), n. sulphide of 
 silver of a lead-grey color. 
 
 argentous (ar-jen'tus), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or containing', silver. 
 
 argil (ar'jil), n. potters' clay or 
 earth. 
 
 argillaceous (ar-ji-la/shus), adj. of 
 the nature of, or containing, clay ; 
 clayey. 
 
 argillite (ar-'ji-lit), n. clay-slate. 
 
 argol (ar'gol), n. crude tartar from 
 which cream of tartar is prepared. 
 
 argon (ar'gun), n. an element asso- 
 ciated with nitrogen, and forming 
 one of the constituents of the air. 
 
 art 
 
 argonaut (ar'go-nawtj, n. a cepha- 
 lopod commonly known as the pa- 
 per-nautilus, and paper-sailor of the 
 Mediterranean. 
 
 argosy (ar'go-si), n. [pi. argosies 
 (-siz)], a large richly-freighted mer- 
 chant-vessel. 
 
 arguable (ar'gu-a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being disputed or discussed. 
 
 argue (ar'gu), v.i. to show or offer 
 reasons in support of, or in opposi- 
 tion to, a proposition, opinion, or 
 measure; to reason, dispute, dis- 
 cuss ; contend in debate : v.t. to de- 
 bate or discuss ; prove or evince. 
 
 argufy (ar'gu-fl), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 argufied, p.pr. argufying], to con- 
 tend in argument ; to persist in dis- 
 cussion. 
 
 argument (ar'gu-ment), n. that 
 which is advanced in support or 
 proof with a view to persuade or 
 convince the mind ; a discussion, 
 controversy, or debate; the subject 
 of a discourse or writing ; an ab- 
 stract or summary of a book. 
 
 argumental ( ar-gu-men'tal ) , adj. 
 pertaining to reasoning; consisting 
 of reasons. 
 
 argumentation (ar-gu-men-ta'- 
 shun) , n. the act of arguing ; discus- 
 sion. 
 
 argumentative ( ar-gu-men'ta-tiv ) , 
 adj. consisting of, or exhibiting a 
 process of reasoning; addicted to 
 argument ; disputatious. 
 
 argus-eyed (ar'gus-Id), adj. watch- 
 ful ; vigilant ; extremely observant. 
 
 aria (ar'e-a & ar'i-a), n. an air; a 
 melody or tune for single voice with 
 accompaniment ; a solo part in a 
 cantata or oratorio, &c. 
 
 Arian (a'ri-an), adj. pertaining to 
 the doctrines of the Arian sect. 
 
 arid (ar'id), adj. dry; parched up; 
 barren. 
 
 aridity (a-rid'i-ti) or aridness (ar'- 
 id-nes), n. the state of being dry; 
 dryness ; want of life or interest. 
 
 arietta (ar-e-et'ta), n. a short song 
 or air. 
 
 aright (a-rlt'), adv. rightly; in a 
 right way or form ; without sin or 
 error. 
 
 arise (a-riz'), v.i. [p.t. arose, p.p. 
 arisen, p.pr. arising], to mount up 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ari 
 
 or ascend ; to come into view ; rise 
 or get up ; spring up ; come into 
 existence or action ; originate. 
 
 aristocracy ( ar-is-tok'ra-si ) , n. [pi. 
 aristocracies (-siz)], government by 
 persons of the highest rank in a 
 state; the nobility or chief persons 
 in a state. 
 
 aristocrat (ar'is-to-krat & a-ris'to- 
 krat), n. a> personage of rank and 
 noble birth ; one who upholds the 
 aristocracy or favors government 
 by the nobles ; a person who pos- 
 sesses traits supposed to charac- 
 terize the nobility. 
 
 aristocratic (ar-is-to-krat'ik) or 
 aristocratical (-i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to, or consisting in, a gov- 
 ernment of the nobles ; pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of, the higher 
 class or nobility. 
 
 aristocratically (-li), adv. in an 
 aristocratic manner. 
 
 aristocratism ( ar'is-to-krat-izm & 
 ar-is-tok'ra-tizm ) , n. the rank, con- 
 dition, or privileges of one of noble 
 birth ; the principles of aristocracy. 
 
 arithmetic ( a-rith'me-tik ) , n. the 
 science of numbers ; the art of com- 
 putation by figures. 
 
 arithmetical (ar-ith-met'ikal), adj. 
 of or pertaining to arithmetic. 
 
 arithmetically (-li), adv. according 
 to the rules or methods of arith- 
 metic. 
 
 arithmetician ( a-rith-me-tish'an ) , 
 n. one skilled in the science of num- 
 bers. 
 
 arithmometer (ar-ith-mom'e-ter) , n. 
 a calculating machine which per- 
 forms multiplication and division. 
 
 ark (ark), n. the repository of the 
 Covenant, or tables of the Law, in 
 the Jewish Tabernacle (Exod. xxv.), 
 and subsequently placed in the Tem- 
 ple of Solomon (I Kings viii.) ; the 
 vessel in which Noah and his fam- 
 ily were preserved during the 
 Deluge, hence a place of safety or 
 refuge ; a large boat used for trans- 
 porting produce on American rivers. 
 
 arm (arm), n. the limb of the human 
 body which extends from the shoul- 
 der to the hand; the anterior or 
 fore-limb of any vertebrate animal; 
 any projecting or diverging organ 
 
 or part of a main body or trunk, as 
 the tentacle of a star-fish, the branch 
 of a tree, an inlet of the sea, &c. ; 
 might ; power ; support. 
 
 arm (arm), n. a weapon; a branch 
 of the military service : v.t. to fur- 
 nish or equip with weapons of of- 
 fense or defense; fortify or provide 
 against ; furnish with an armature : 
 v.i. to fit one's self with arms, or 
 take to one's self means of defense. 
 
 arm-chair (arm'-char), n. a chair 
 furnished with supports for the el- 
 bows. 
 
 arm-pit (arm'-pit), n. the cavity be- 
 neath the shoulder ; the axilla. 
 
 armada (ar-ma'da), n. a fleet, of 
 armed vessels; a squadron; the 
 Spanish fleet dispatched against En- 
 gland in 1588, by Philip II. 
 
 armadillo (ar-ma-dil'o), n. [pi. ar- 
 madillos ('oz)], a South American 
 quadruped, armed with a bony shell 
 divided into belts consisting of nu- 
 merous small plates, and resembling 
 a coat of mail ; an electric battery 
 so named, worn round the body as 
 a cure for nervous and other affec- 
 tions. 
 
 armament (ar'ma-ment), n. a body 
 of forces equipped for war, either 
 military or naval ; the cannon and 
 small arms collectively of a warship 
 or fortification ; the number and 
 weight of guns of a war-vessel. 
 
 armature ( iir'ma-tur ) , n. armor : 
 that which serves as a means of de- 
 fense ; a piece of soft iron connect- 
 ing the poles of a magnet, or elec- 
 tro-magnet, to preserve and increase 
 the magnetic force ; iron bars or 
 frame-work used to strengthen a 
 building. 
 
 armful ( arm'f ool ) , n. as much as can 
 be compassed by the arms. 
 
 armistice (ar'mis-tis), n. a tempo- 
 rary cessation of hostilities agreed 
 upon by opposing forces ; a truce. 
 
 armlet (arm'let), n. a small arm of 
 the sea ; a metal band for the arm 
 used for ornament or for protection. 
 
 armoire (ar-mwar'), n. a movable 
 cupboard with doors. 
 
 armor (ar'mer), n. defensive arms; 
 protective covering for the body in 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
MAKING AND TESTING 
 
 STEEL ARMOR PLATES. 
 
arr 
 
 battle ; the steel plating of a war- 
 ship. 
 
 armor-clad (-klad), adj. ironclad: 
 n. a war vessel protected by steel 
 plating. 
 
 armor-grating (-gra/ting), n. deep 
 iron gratings used to protect the 
 boilers of ironclads from missiles 
 during an engagement. 
 
 armor-plate (-plat), n. a plate of 
 iron or steel intended to be affixed 
 to the side of a ship as part of a 
 casing for protection against shell- 
 fire. 
 
 armorer (ar'mor-er), n. formerly a 
 maker of arms or armor, or one who 
 had charge of the armor of another ; 
 the custodian of the arms of a troop 
 or battleship. 
 
 armorial ( ar-mo'ri-al ) , adj. pertain- 
 ing to armor or to the arms or es- 
 cutcheon of a family : n. a book or 
 dictionary of heraldic devices and 
 the names of persons entitled to use 
 them. 
 
 armory (ar'mer-i), n. [pi. -ries, 
 (-riz)], a place for arms or the as- 
 sembly of soldiers ; a manufactory 
 of arms. 
 
 armozeen or armozine (ar-mo- 
 zen'),w. a thick plain silk, generally 
 black, used for clerical robes. 
 
 arms (armz), n.pl. weapons of offense 
 or defense ; the military service ; 
 war as a profession ; armorial bear- 
 ings. 
 
 army (ar'mi), n. [pi. armies (-miz)], 
 a body of men trained and equipped 
 for war, and organized in regiments, 
 brigades, or similar divisions under 
 proper officers ; a great number or 
 multitude ; an organized body of 
 persons engaged in moral warfare. 
 
 army-worm (-werm), n. the larva of 
 a moth which devastates grain and 
 other crops. 
 
 arnica (ar'ni-ka), n. a genus of per- 
 ennial herbs ; the mountain tobac- 
 co : from the roots or flowers of a 
 species of this herb a valuable ex- 
 ternal remedy for bruises is made. 
 
 aroma (a-ro'ma), n. [pi. aromas 
 ('maz)], the odor exhaled by plants 
 or other substances, generally of an 
 agreeable or spicy nature ; perfume : 
 fragrance. 
 
 aromatic (ar-o-mat'ik) or aromat- 
 ical ('i-kal), adj. giving out aro- 
 ma ; fragrant ; spicy ; odoriferous : 
 n. a plant, herb, or drug yielding a 
 fragrant smell. 
 
 aromatically (-li), adv. with an 
 aromatic taste or smell. 
 
 aromatic- vinegar (-vin'e-gar), n. 
 a powerful perfume composed of 
 strong acetic acid, the essential oils 
 of lavender, camphor, &c. 
 
 aromatous (a-ro'ma-tus), adj. full of- 
 fragrance ; aromatic. 
 
 arose (a-roz'), p.t. of arise. 
 
 aronnd (a-round'), adv. in a circle; 
 on every side ; roundabout : prep. 
 about ; on all sides ; encircling ; en- 
 compassing. 
 
 aronsal (a-rou'za.1), n. the act of 
 awakening ; the state of being awak- 
 ened. 
 
 arouse (a-rouz'), v.t. to excite or stir 
 to action ; put in motion that which 
 is at rest ; awaken from sleep or a 
 state of inactivity ; stimulate ; ani- 
 mate. 
 
 arow (a-ro'), adv. in a row; in or- 
 der ; successively. 
 
 arraign (a-ran'), v.t. to summon or 
 set, as a prisoner at the bar of a 
 court to answer to a charge; cen- 
 sure publicly ; impeach ; indict. 
 
 arraignment (a-ran'ment), n. an 
 accusation ; an impeachment. 
 
 arrange (a-ranj'), v.t. to put in 
 proper order or sequence ; classify ; 
 adjust or settle ; adapt ; group. 
 
 arrangement ( a-ran j'ment), n. the 
 act of putting in proper form or or- 
 der ; that which is ordered or dis- 
 posed ; the method or style of dispo- 
 sition ; a preparatory measure ; 
 preparation ; settlement ; classifica- 
 tion ; adjustment ; adaptation. 
 
 arrant (ar'ant), adj. notorious; un- 
 mitigated ; thorough or downright 
 (in a bad sense) ; shameless. 
 
 arras (ar'as), n. tapestry; hangings 
 made of rich figured fabric. 
 
 arrasene or arasene (ar-as-sen'),«. 
 a kind of mixed thread of wool and 
 silk used in raised embroidery. 
 
 array (ar-ra'), n. order; the group- 
 ing or arrangement of a body of men 
 as drawn up for battle; an orderly 
 collection or series of things impos- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
arr 
 
 art 
 
 ingly displayed; dress arranged on 
 the person ; apparel : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 -ed, p.pr. -ing], to place or dispose 
 in order ; marshal ; deck or dress. 
 
 array al (ar-ra'al), n. the process of 
 arraying. 
 
 arrear (ar-rer'), n. the state of being 
 behind-hand; that which is undone, 
 outstanding, or unpaid. 
 
 arrearage (ar-rer'aj), n. the state 
 or condition of being in arrears ; 
 that which remains unpaid and 
 overdue after a previous payment. 
 
 arrest ( ar-rest' ) , v.t. to stop or stay ; 
 check or hinder the action or motion 
 of; seize, take, or apprehend by le- 
 gal authority ; seize and fix, as the 
 eye or attention : n. the act of seiz- 
 ing ; stoppage or holding back by 
 force or restraint ; the state of being 
 seized or detained by legal authority. 
 
 arris (ar'is), n. the line or edge in 
 which two curved or straight sur- 
 faces of a body, forming an exterior 
 angle, meet each other. 
 
 arris -wise (-wiz), adv. diagonally 
 laid, like tiles ; ridge-wise. 
 
 arrival (ar-rl'val), n. the act of com- 
 ing to a place, or reaching a destina- 
 tion from a distance ; attainment of 
 any object ; the person or thing ar- 
 riving, or which has arrived. 
 
 arrive (ar-rlv'), v.i. to come to or 
 reach, as a destination; reach a 
 point or stage ; gain or compass an 
 object; attain to a state or result 
 [with at], 
 
 arrogance (ar'ro-gans), n. an undue 
 degree of self-importance ; an exor- 
 bitant claim to dignity, rank, or 
 estimation; a lordly contempt of 
 others. 
 
 arrogant (ar'ro-gant), adj. making 
 exorbitant claims to dignity or esti- 
 mation, by presuming upon one's 
 self-importance; overbearingly 
 haughty. 
 
 arrogate (ar'ro-gat), v.t. to assume 
 or lay claim to unduly, or with pre- 
 sumptuous pride. 
 
 ar rogation (ar-ro-ga'shun), n. the 
 act of arrogating. 
 
 arrow (ar'ro), n. a slender, pointed 
 missile weapon, usually feathered 
 and barbed, made to be shot from a 
 bow. 
 
 arrow characters (kar'ak-ters), it. 
 pi. the arrow-headed (cuneiform or 
 wedge-shaped) characters of the As- 
 syrian inscriptions. 
 
 arrow-head (-hed), n. the head or 
 barb of an arrow ; an aquatic plant 
 so named from its leaves. 
 
 arrowroot (ar'ro-root), n. a starch 
 obtained from the rootstocks of sev- 
 eral species of West Indian plants. 
 
 arrow- wood (-wood), n. a wood of 
 which the arrows of the Red In- 
 dians are made. 
 
 arroyo (a-roi'6), n. [pi. arroyos 
 ( -oz ) ] , a watercourse or rivulet ; 
 the dry bed of a small stream. 
 
 arsenal (ar'se-nal), n. a magazine 
 for the storage of arms and military 
 stores for land or naval service, or 
 their manufacture. 
 
 arsenic (ar'se-nik), n. an element of 
 steel-gray color and brilliant luster, 
 and exceedingly brittle, occurring 
 usually in combination. 
 
 arsenic (ar-sen'ik) or arsenical 
 ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to or con- 
 taining arsenic. 
 
 arsenious (ar-se'ni-us), adj. pertain- 
 ing to or containing arsenic. 
 
 arsenite (ar'sen-it), n. a salt of ar- 
 senious acid. 
 
 arsis (ar'sis), n. that part of a foot 
 where the metrical accent is placed. 
 
 arson (ar'sn), n. the malicious firing 
 of any building, agricultural prod- 
 uce, ship, &c, belonging to anoth- 
 er, or one's own property, with the 
 intent to defraud an insurance office. 
 
 art (art), 2nd pers. sing, indie, mood, 
 pres. tense, of the verb to be. [Art 
 is used only in solemn or poetic 
 style.] See be. 
 
 art (art), n. the employment of 
 means to the accomplishment of 
 some end ; the skilful adaptation 
 and application to some purpose or 
 use of knowledge or power acquired 
 from Nature ; a system of rules and 
 established methods to facilitate the 
 performance of certain actions ; fa- 
 miliarity with such principles, and 
 skill in applying them to an end or 
 purpose, as of a practical, useful, or 
 technical character : opposed to Sci- 
 ence ; one of the fine arts ; the fine 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
art 
 
 art 
 
 arts collectively ; the power or qual- 
 ity of perceiving and transcribing 
 the beautiful or gesthetical in Na- 
 ture, as in painting or sculpture ; 
 practical skill ; dexterity ; knack ; 
 cunning ; artifice : pi. the branches 
 of learning included in the ordinary 
 course of academic study. 
 
 arterial (ar-ter'i-al), adj. pertaining 
 to an artery or the arteries ; con- 
 tained in an artery. 
 
 arterialization ( ar-ter-i-al-i-za.'- 
 shun), n. the process of converting 
 venous blood into arterial blood. 
 
 arterialize (iir-ter'i-al-iz), v.t. to 
 convert as venous blood into arterial 
 blood by exposure to oxygen in the 
 lungs. 
 
 arteriology (ar-te'ri-ol'o-ji), n. that 
 branch of anatomy which treats of 
 the arteries. 
 
 arteriotoniy (ar-ter-i-ot'o-mi), n. 
 the opening of an artery ; the part 
 of anatomy treating of the dissec- 
 tion of the arteries. 
 
 artery (ar'ter-i), n. [pi. arteries 
 (-iz)], one of a system of tubes or 
 vessels which convey the blood from 
 the heart to all parts of the body. 
 
 artesian -well (ar-te'zhan wel), n. a 
 well formed by boring, often to 
 great depth, through strata the na- 
 ture and arrangement of which per- 
 mit of the permeation and accumu- 
 lation of water ; on being freed from 
 constraint, the water rises by pres- 
 sure in the tube and overflows at the 
 surface. 
 
 artful ( art'f ool ) , adj. cunning ; 
 crafty. 
 
 artfully (-li), adv. in a cunning or 
 crafty manner. 
 
 arthritis (ar-thri'tis), n. any inflam- 
 mation of the joints ; the gout. 
 
 artichoke (ar'ti-ch5k), n. a plant 
 with thistle-like foliage, and bearing 
 large terminal flower-heads, the low- 
 er portion of which, consisting of a 
 fleshy receptacle covered with thick 
 scales, is used as food ; the tuberous 
 root of an American sunflower 
 (Helianthus tuberosis), used as a 
 substitute for potatoes. 
 
 article (ar'ti-kl), n. a distinct por- 
 tion or member; a single clause, 
 item, or particular, as in a formal 
 
 agreement or treaty ; a concise state- 
 ment ; a prose composition, com- 
 plete, in itself, in a newspaper, mag- 
 azine, or work of reference ; a ma- 
 terial thing, as one of a class ; an 
 item ; a point of duty, faith, or doc- 
 trine ; one of the words {an [a be- 
 fore consonant-sounds], the indefi- 
 nite article, and the, the definite ar- 
 ticle [see a, an, & the] ) used before 
 nouns or substantives to define or 
 limit their application ; a jointed 
 segment connecting two parts of a 
 limb or body : v.t. to bind by articles 
 of covenant or stipulation ; specify. 
 
 articular ( ar-tik'u-lar ) , adj. pertain- 
 ing to the joints or to a joint. 
 
 articulate (ar-tik'u-lat), v.t. to 
 joint ; unite by means of a joint ; 
 to form words ; utter in distinct 
 syllables ; speak as a human being : 
 v.i. to unite or form an articulation 
 ( with ) ; utter articulate sounds ; 
 speak with distinctness : adj. joint- 
 ed ; formed with joints ; segmented ; 
 characterized by syllabic division ; 
 uttered with distinctness. 
 
 articulation (ar-tik-u-la'shun), n. 
 the act of jointing ; the act of speak- 
 ing distinctly ; a distinct utterance ; 
 the state of being articulated; a 
 joint or juncture between bones ; the 
 point of separation of organs or 
 parts of a plant ; a node or joint of 
 the stem, or the space between two 
 nodes. 
 
 articulator (ar-tik'u-la-ter), n. one 
 who pronounces distinctly ; an in- 
 strument to cure stammering; an 
 apparatus attached to a telephone to 
 secure regularity of tone ; one who 
 mounts skeletons. 
 
 artifice (ar'ti-fis), n. an artful or 
 crafty device ; an ingenious expedi- 
 ent ; a trick or stratagem ; a ma- 
 noeuvre. 
 
 artificer (ar-tif'i-ser), n. a skilled or 
 artistic worker ; a mechanic ; a 
 maker or constructor; an inventor. 
 
 artificial (ar-ti-fish'al), adj. made 
 or contrived by art ; produced by hu- 
 man skill or labor ; feigned ; unreal ; 
 assumed ; affected ; not genuine or 
 natural. 
 
 artificiality (-fish-i-al'i-ti) or ar- 
 tificialnessss (-nes), n. the qual- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; n5te, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
art 
 
 ity of being unreal or unnatural ; 
 that which is artificial. 
 
 artificially (-li), adv. by human 
 skill or contrivance. 
 
 artillery (ar-til'ler-i), n. cannon; 
 great guns ; ordnance of all kinds, 
 with its equipment of carriages, 
 men, and material ; the officers and 
 men forming the artillery division 
 t)f an army; the science which 
 treats of the use or management of 
 ordnance. 
 
 artisan (ar'ti-zan), n. one skilled in 
 any art or trade; a mechanic; a 
 handicraftsman. 
 
 artist (ar'tist), n. one skilled in any 
 branch of high art ; one professing 
 or practicing one of the fine arts. 
 
 artiste (ar-tesf), n. one who is an 
 expert in any branch of professional 
 art other than the fine arts, as a 
 public singer, cook, &c. 
 
 artistic (ar-tis'tik) or artistical 
 ('ti-kal), adj. pertaining to art or 
 to artists ; characterized by aesthetic 
 feeling or conformity to the princi- 
 ples of a school of art or design. 
 
 artistically (-al-li), adv. in a man- 
 ner conformable to the rules and 
 principles of art. 
 
 artless (art'les), adj. lacking art; 
 unskilful ; devoid of cunning ; sim- 
 ple ; natural ; undesigning ; unaf- 
 fected ; ingenuous. 
 
 Aryan (ar'yan), adj. pertaining to 
 the Aryans, or to their language. 
 
 as (as), n. [pi. asses (as'sez)], a Ro- 
 man weight equivalent to the libra 
 or pound. 
 
 asafetida or asafoetida (as-a-fet'i- 
 da), n. a fetid sap obtained from the 
 roots of several large umbelliferous 
 plants of Persia and Afghanistan. 
 
 asbestine (as-bes'tin), adj. pertain- 
 ing to or of the nature of, asbestos ; 
 incombustible. 
 
 asbestos (as-bes'tos) or asbestus 
 ('tus), n. a fibrous variety of horn- 
 blende, separable into flexible fila- 
 ments of flax-like appearance and 
 silky luster, and possessing the 
 property of being incombustible. 
 
 ascend (as-send'), v.i. to take an up- 
 ward direction ; mount ; go up ; rise ; 
 to proceed from an inferior to a su- 
 perior ; rise from a lower to a higher 
 
 pitch or tone : v.t. to go or move up- 
 ward upon ; climb ; go upward along. 
 
 ascendable ( as-sen'da-bl ) or as- 
 cendible ('di-bl), adj. capable of 
 being climbed or navigated. 
 
 ascendancy ( as-sen'dan-si ) or as- 
 cendency ('den-si), n. a govern- 
 ing or controlling power or influ- 
 ence; domination. 
 
 ascendant (as-sen'dant) or ascend- 
 ent ('dent), adj. rising; supe- 
 rior ; predominant ; above the hori- 
 zon : n. superiority or commanding 
 influence ; predominance ; an ances- 
 tor, or one who precedes in geneal- 
 ogy or degrees of kindred : opposed 
 to descendant : the particular zodia- 
 cal sign appearing above the horizon 
 at the time of one's birth. 
 
 ascension (as-sen'shun), n. the act 
 of moving upward ; a rising ; the 
 ascent of our Lord to heaven ; the 
 rising of a star or point above the 
 celestial horizon. 
 
 Ascension Day (da), n. a movable 
 feast to commemorate Christ's as- 
 cension into heaven, celebrated on 
 the Thursday next but one before 
 Whit-Sunday : also called Holy 
 Thursday. 
 
 ascent (as-sent'), n. the act of ris- 
 ing ; an upward movement ; the act 
 of climbing ; the way or means of 
 reaching a height ; an acclivity ; an 
 upward slope. 
 
 ascertain (as-ser-tan'), v.t. to make 
 certain ; find out or determine defi- 
 nitely by test or examination. 
 
 ascertainment ( as-ser-tan'ment ) , n. 
 the act of ascertaining. 
 
 ascetic (as-set'ik), adj. exceedingly 
 rigid in the exercise of religious du- 
 ties and mortification of worldly de- 
 sires : n. one who renounces the 
 world and devotes himself to re- 
 ligious exercises ; one who subjects 
 himself to severe disciplinary meth- 
 ods of living ; a hermit ; a recluse. 
 
 ascetically (-al-li), adv. in an ascet- 
 ical manner. 
 
 asceticism (as-set'i-sizm), n. the 
 condition or mode of life adopted by 
 one who renounces worldly matters; 
 austerity. 
 
 ascribable (a-skri'ba-bl), adj. capa- 
 ble of being attributed or imputed. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
asc 
 
 ascribe (a-skrib'), v.t. to attribute, 
 impute, or refer ; assign ; attribute. 
 
 ascription (a-skrip'shun), n. the act 
 of attributing or imputing; that 
 which is assigned. 
 
 aseptic (a-sep'tik), adj. free from 
 the germs of disease or putrefaction ; 
 not liable to putrefy : an aseptic sub- 
 stance. 
 
 asexual (a-seks'u-al), adj. not sex- 
 ual ; produced by other than sexual 
 processes. 
 
 asexually (-li), adv. in a manner 
 other than by conjunction of the 
 sexes : applied to reproduction. 
 
 ash (ash), n. the name popularly ap- 
 plied to trees of the genus Fraxinus, 
 many of which supply valuable tim- 
 ber ; the wood of the ash-tree : adj. 
 pertaining to, or like, the ash ; made 
 of ash. 
 
 ash (ash), n. [pi. ashes ('ez)], the 
 residue of plant or animal substance 
 remaining after subjection to red- 
 heat : pi. the waste of burned coal ; 
 the remains of a human body when 
 cremated, hence a corpse. 
 
 ashamed (a-shamd'), p. adj. affected 
 or touched by shame ; cast down or 
 dejected by conscious guilt ; abashed 
 by a sense of indecorum ; reluctant 
 through fear of shame (followed by 
 an infinitive). 
 
 ashen (ash'n), adj. pertaining to the 
 ash-tree ; made of ash ; of the color 
 of ashes ; pale. 
 
 ashore (a-shor'), adv. on shore; to 
 the shore ; on land. 
 
 aside (a-sid'), adv. on or to one side ; 
 out of a given direction ; apart ; 
 away from : n. sl speech or utter- 
 ance not intended for the present 
 company ; a remark made by an ac- 
 tor on the stage, and assumed to be 
 heard only by the person for whom 
 it is intended. 
 
 asinine (as'i-nm), adj. pertaining to 
 the ass ; having the nature or char- 
 acteristics of an ass. 
 
 asininity (as'i-nin'i-ti), n. the quali- 
 ty of being asinine; obstinate stu- 
 pidity. 
 
 ask (ask), v.t. to request; seek to 
 obtain by words ; petition or beg for ; 
 claim or demand ; expect or require ; 
 
 asp 
 
 inquire respecting ; interrogate ; in- 
 vite : v.i. to prefer by request ; in- 
 quire after. 
 
 askance (a-skans') or askant (a- 
 skant'), adv. sideways; obliquely; 
 awry ; from the corner of the eye ; 
 aslant. 
 
 askew ( k-sku'),adv. obliquely ; awry; 
 out of position or arrangement. 
 
 aslant (a-slanf), adv. not at right 
 angles ; sloping ; oblique ; slanting ; 
 athwart. 
 
 asleep (a-slep'), adj. & adv. sleeping; 
 in a state of slumber ; dormant. 
 
 aslope (a-slop'), adv. in a sloping 
 direction. 
 
 asoak (a-sok'), adv. in a state of 
 saturation or soaked with moisture. 
 
 asp (asp), n. a small venomous snake 
 of Egypt ; the common viper, or 
 adder, of Europe ; a royal symbol 
 of ancient Egypt. 
 
 asparagus (as-par'a-gus), n. a plant 
 having tender edible shoots. 
 
 aspect (as'peckt), n. visual or mental 
 appearance ; look ; mien ; air ; out- 
 look or prospect ; the relative posi- 
 tion of the planets as viewed from 
 the earth ; appearance. 
 
 aspen (as'pen), n. a species of poplar 
 whose leaves have the property of 
 trembling in the slightest breeze : 
 adj. pertaining to the asp-tree ; 
 quivering like an aspen-leaf. 
 
 asper ( as'per ) , adj. rugged ; hard ; 
 warlike : n. the mark ( ' ) in Greek, 
 to indicate the rough breathing, or 
 aspirate. 
 
 asperity (as-per'i-ti), n. [pi. asperi- 
 ties (-tiz)], roughness of surface; 
 roughness or harshness of sound ; 
 sourness ; bitterness of taste or tem- 
 per. 
 
 asper mous (a-sper'mus), adj. with- 
 out seed ; not producing seed. 
 
 asperse (as-pers'), v.t. to besprinkle; 
 injure in reputation by calumny ; 
 slander. 
 
 aspersion (as-per'shun), n. a sprink- 
 ling as of dust or water; injury by 
 false and calumnious charges or re- 
 ports ; slander. 
 
 asphalt (as'falt), n. a compact, brit- 
 tle variety of native bitumen, em- 
 ployed for the purpose of paving, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at s awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, thzn. 
 
asp 
 
 roofing, and cementing : v.t. to lay- 
 down or cover with asphalt. 
 
 asphaltic (as-fal'tik), adj. of the na- 
 ture of, composed of, or containing 
 asphalt. 
 
 asphaltum. Same as asphalt. 
 
 asphodel (as'fo-del), n. the name of 
 several plants of the liliaceous ge- 
 nus Asphodelus ; the daffodil of the 
 older English poets ; the unfading 
 plant of the dead, which covered 
 the meadows of Hades. 
 
 asphyxia ( as-fik'si-a ) or asphyxy 
 ('si), n. the condition of lifelessness 
 occasioned by suspension or inter- 
 ruption of respiration. 
 
 asphyxiate (as-fik'si-at), v.t. to suf- 
 focate ; deprive of oxygen, and so 
 Cause death or dangerous symptoms. 
 
 aspic (as'pik), n. sl venomous asp; 
 the great lavender ; a side-dish com- 
 posed of game, fish, &c, encased in 
 clear savory meat-jelly. 
 
 aspirant (as-pi'rant), adj. aspiring; 
 ambitious : n. one who seeks to at- 
 tain, or aspires to, a high object or 
 position. 
 
 aspirate (as'pi-rat), v.t. to pro- 
 nounce with a full breathing ; to 
 prefix the sound of the letter h : n. 
 the sound of the letter h, as in 
 horse ; the mark or sign used to de- 
 note the sound : adj. pronounced 
 with the audible breath. 
 
 aspiration (as-pi-ra'shun), n. the 
 act of aspirating ; an aspirated 
 sound ; a breath ; the yearning desire 
 for something higher or better than 
 that already possessed ; ambition. 
 
 aspiratory (as-pi'ra-to-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to breathing ; suited to the 
 inhaling of air. 
 
 aspire (as-pir'), v. 1. to seek after or 
 desire with longing ; yearn for that 
 which is better or nobler ; rise or 
 ascend ; to soar : v.t. to breathe to, 
 or into ; breathe forth ; soar to ; at- 
 tain. 
 
 asquint (a-skwint'), adv. with a 
 squint; to or out of the corner of 
 the eye ; obliquely. 
 
 ass (as'), n. a quadruped of the ge- 
 nus Equus, allied to the horse, usu- 
 ally employed in its domesticated 
 state as a beast of burden ; a dull, 
 stupid fellow. 
 
 assaf oetida. See asafetida. 
 
 assail (as-sal'), v.t. to fall upon or 
 attack with vehemence ; attack with 
 argument or abuse. 
 
 assailant (as-sa'lant), adj. assault- 
 ' ing ; attacking : n. one who, or that 
 which, assails. 
 
 assassin (as-sas'sin), n. one who 
 slays treacherously or by covert as- 
 sault ; one who kills, or attempts to 
 kill, secretly as the agent of another 
 or others, or for reward ; formerly 
 one of a band of Syrian fanatics. 
 
 assassinate (as-sas'si-nat), v.t. to 
 kill, or attempt to kill, by secret or 
 treacherous means ; slay suddenly or 
 unawares ; murder. 
 
 assassination ( as-sas-si-na'shun ) , n. 
 the act of slaying in secret, or at 
 the bidding or reward of others ; 
 murder. 
 
 assault (as-sawlt'),w. an attack with 
 violence by physical means ; an on- 
 slaught ; an attack by military 
 force ; a violent attack by moral 
 force ; an attempt or threat to do 
 bodily violence or injury to another ; 
 the charge of an attacking party on 
 a fortified position : v.t. to attack 
 violently ; storm, as by armed force ; 
 attack by moral force ; threaten or 
 attempt by visible means bodily vio- 
 lence or injury to another ; attack a 
 fortified position by a sudden charge. 
 
 assay (as-sa'), n. the act or process 
 of determining by analysis the quan- 
 tity or proportion of any one or 
 more metals in a metallic compound, 
 ore, or alloy, especially the standard 
 purity of gold or silver coin or bul- 
 lion ; the substance or metal to be 
 assayed : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr. 
 -ing] , to subject to analysis ; to de- 
 termine the quantity or proportion 
 of one or more of the constituents 
 of a metal. 
 
 assayer (as-sa'er), n. one who as- 
 says ; an officer of the Mint appoint- 
 ed to test the purity of bullion and 
 coin. 
 
 assemblage (as-sem'blaj), n. the act 
 of assembling ; the state of being 
 assembled ; a group or collection of 
 persons or particular things. 
 
 assemble (as-sem'bl), v.t. to collect 
 or gather together in one place or 
 
 ate, arm, isk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
body ; congregate : v.i. to meet or 
 come together ; convene. 
 assembly (as-sem'bli), n. [pi. assem- 
 blies (-bliz)], a collection or com- 
 pany of persons brought together in 
 one place, and for a common object ; 
 a meeting ; a congregation. 
 assembly-man (-man), n. a mem- 
 ber of a legislative assembly. 
 assent ( as-sent'), v.i. to admit as 
 true ; concede ; agree to ; consent : n. 
 the act of agreeing to ; consent ; ac- 
 quiescence ; approval ; concurrence. 
 assentation ( as-sen-ta'shun ) , n. com- 
 pliance with the opinion of another, 
 in flattery or obsequiousness. 
 assentient (as-sen'shi-ent), adj. as- 
 senting : n. one who assents. 
 assert (as-sert'), v.t. to maintain; 
 declare positively, or with assur- 
 ance ; aver ; affirm ; defend or vin- 
 dicate ; declare. 
 assertion (as-ser'shun), n. the act 
 of asserting; that which is assert- 
 ed ; positive declaration ; allegation ; 
 maintenance or defense. 
 assertive (as-ser'tiv), adj. positive; 
 dogmatical ; confident in assertion. 
 assertor (as-ser'ter), n. one who as- 
 serts ; one who maintains or de- 
 fends. 
 assertory (as-ser'to-ri), adj. affirm- 
 ing ; supporting. 
 assess (as-ses'), v.t. to fix or deter- 
 mine, as damages; fix, pate, or set 
 a certain charge upon, as a tax; 
 estimate or value officially for the 
 purpose of taxation. 
 assessed taxes (taks'ez), n.pl. taxes 
 levied on income, houses, and prop- 
 erty. 
 assessment (as-ses'ment),, n.the act 
 of assessing or determining an 
 amount to be paid ; an official valua- 
 tion of property, or income, for the 
 purpose of taxation ; the specific 
 sum levied as tax, or assessed for 
 damages. 
 assessor (as-ses'er), n. one appointed 
 to assess property or persons for 
 taxation. 
 assessorial (as-ses-so'ri-al), adj. 
 
 pertaining to an assessor. 
 assets (as'sets), n.pl. the property, 
 whether real or personal, of a de- 
 ceased person which is subject by 
 
 law to the discharge of his debts and 
 legacies ; the property or effects of 
 an insolvent debtor which are avail- 
 able for the satisfaction of his cred- 
 itors ; the entire property of a 
 trader or company of traders. 
 
 asseverate (as-sev'er-at), v.t. to af- 
 firm or aver positively, or with so- 
 lemnity. 
 
 asseveration (as-sev-er-a'shun), n. 
 a solemn affirmation or declaration, 
 as upon oath. 
 
 assibilate (as-sib'i-lat), v.t. to pro- 
 nounce with a hissing sound ; to 
 alter to a sibilant. 
 
 assibilation (as-sib-i-la'shun), n. 
 pronunciation with a hissing sound ; 
 the change of a dental or guttural 
 mute into a sibilant or a similar 
 sound. 
 
 assiduity (as-si-du'i-ti), n. [pi. assi- 
 duities (-tiz)], close application or 
 unremitting attention to ; diligence : 
 pi. studied and persevering atten- 
 tion to please. 
 
 assiduous (as-sid'u-us), adj. con- 
 stant in application ; devotedly at- 
 tentive ; perseveringly diligent. 
 
 assign (as-sin'), v.t. to appoint, mark 
 out, apportion, make over ; fix ; des- 
 ignate for a specific purpose ; point 
 out exactly ; to transfer or make 
 over to another, as for the benefit 
 of creditors : n. an appurtenance ; 
 one to whom property or interest 
 is assigned by will or deed. 
 
 assignat (as'ig-nat, French a-se- 
 nya'), n. a money or currency bond 
 issued by the French Revolutionary 
 Government (1789-96). 
 
 assignation (as-ig-na'shun), n. the 
 act of assigning; an appointment to 
 meet' [used chiefly of love-meetings 
 and in a bad sense] ; the transfer 
 of title, or the deed of transferment. 
 
 assignee (as-si-ne'), n. one to whom 
 an assignment of anything is made, 
 either in trust or for his own use 
 and enjoyment. 
 
 assignment (as-sin'ment), n. a set- 
 ting apart, allotment, or appoint- 
 ment to some particular person or 
 use ; transfer of title or interest ; 
 the deed of writing effecting such a 
 transfer. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, ndrth, not; boon, 
 B. 6. book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
assignor (as-si-n6r')» n. one who as- 
 signs or transfers an interest. 
 
 assimilable (as-sim'i-la-bl), adj. ca- 
 pable of being assimilated. 
 
 assimilate (as-sim'i-lat), v.t. to 
 bring to conformity or agreement 
 with something else; convert or in- 
 corporate into organic substance; 
 absorb or appropriate, as nourish- 
 ment: v.i. to be converted into or 
 become incorporated with the sub- 
 stance of the animal body. 
 
 assimilation (as-sim-i-la'shun), n. 
 the act or process of assimilating; 
 the state of being assimilated. 
 
 assimilative (as-sim'i-la-tiv), adj. 
 having the power of assimilating, or 
 causing assimilation. 
 
 assist (as-sist')> v.t. to help; aid; 
 give support to ; attend : v.i. to lend 
 help or aid. 
 
 assistance (as-sis'tans), n. help; 
 furtherance; aid; succor; support. 
 
 assistant (as-sis'tant), adj. helping; 
 lending aid; auxiliary: ». one who, 
 or that which, assists ; a helper ; an 
 auxiliary. 
 
 assistful (as-sist'fool), adj. helpful. 
 
 assize (as-slz'), n. [pi. assizes ('ez)], 
 a court or session of justice for the 
 trial by jury of civil or criminal 
 cases ; the sessions held periodically 
 in each county of England by judges 
 of the Supreme Court [usually in 
 the pi.] ; the time or place of hold- 
 ing the assize [usually in the pi.]. 
 
 assizement (as-slz'ment), ». an in- 
 spection of weights and measures, 
 enacted by statute. 
 
 assizer (as-sl'zer) or assizor ('zer), 
 n. a juror. 
 
 associate (as-so'shi-at),v.#. to unite; 
 join with ; connect ; accompany, as 
 a companion, friend, or confederate : 
 v.i. to unite in company ; keep com- 
 pany; unite in action: adj. joined 
 in interest, object, or purpose; 
 sharing office or employment, as a 
 colleague or partner ; connected by 
 habit, function, or sympathy: n. a 
 companion ; a confederate ; an ally ; 
 one belonging to a society or insti- 
 tution, usually of a lower grade 
 than a Member or Fellow. 
 
 association (as-so-shi-a'shun), n. 
 the act of associating or state of 
 
 being associated; union; conjunc- 
 tion; an associate body of persons 
 formed for a common object; a so- 
 ciety. 
 
 associative (as-so-shi-a'tiv), adj. 
 tending to or characterized by asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 assonance (as'so-nans), n. resem- 
 blance of sound ; a species of rhyme 
 which consists in the use of the 
 same vowel-sound in the last sylla- 
 ble of words having different conso- 
 nants. 
 
 assonant (as'so-nant), adj. having 
 resemblance of sound; pertaining 
 to, or possessing, assonance. 
 
 assort (as-sorf), v.t. to divide or 
 separate into lots according to ar- 
 rangement; to classify; arranges 
 v.i. to agree ; suit ; be in accordance 
 with. 
 
 assortment (as-s6rt'ment), n. the 
 act of assorting or placing out; a 
 classified collection of articles or 
 goods of a varied character. 
 
 assnade (as-swad'), v.t. to present, 
 as advice; urge persuasively. 
 
 assuage (as-swaj'), v.t. to soften; 1 
 mitigate, allay, lessen, satisfy, or ap- 
 pease. 
 
 assuagement (as-swaj'ment), n. 
 mitigation ; a lenitive application or 
 medicine. 
 
 assume (as-sum'), v.t. to take to; 
 take in or into; take upon one's 
 self; arrogate or appropriate; take 
 for granted; take in appearance; 
 pretend to possess: v.i. to be arro- 
 gant ; presume ; claim more than is 
 one's due ; give a legal undertaking ; 
 pretend ; usurp. 
 
 assumpsit (as-sump'sit), n. a verbal 
 or unsealed contract based on a con- 
 sideration ; an action to enforce 
 such a contract. 
 
 assumption (as-sump'shun), n. the 
 act of assuming or taking to or 
 upon one's self ; taking for granted ; 
 the thing supposed ; a postulate ; the 
 taking up of a person to heaven; 
 a verbal or unsealed contract. 
 
 assumptive (as-sump'tiv), adj. as- 
 sumed, or capable of assumption. 
 
 assurable (a-shur'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being assured or insured. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut; think, then* 
 
ast 
 
 assurance (a-shur'ans), n. the act 
 of assuring ; an earnest or testimony 
 intended or tending to elicit or in- 
 spire confidence ; certain expecta- 
 tion ; confidence ; self-possession ; 
 self-reliance ; impudence ; a deed 
 or other legal evidence of the con- 
 veyance of property ; a security or 
 contract to make good a loss, or pay 
 over a sum at death or at some de- 
 terminate age. 
 
 assure (a-shur'), v.t. to make sure 
 or certain ; to inspire confidence by 
 declaration or promise ; secure to 
 another ; insure, or covenant for in- 
 demnity in event of loss or death. 
 
 assured (&-shurd'), p. adj. made cer- 
 tain ; guaranteed ; self-possessed ; 
 insured : n. a person insured. 
 
 assuredly (-li), adv. certainly; with 
 assurance. 
 
 assuredness (-nes), n. certainty; 
 full confidence. 
 
 assurer (a-shur'er), n. one who as- 
 sures. 
 
 Assyrian (as-sir'i-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Assyria or to its inhabitants. 
 
 Assyriology (as-sir-i-ol'o-ji), n. the 
 science or study of the language and 
 antiquities of Assyria. 
 
 astatic (a-stat'ik), adj. without po- 
 larity. 
 
 astatically (-al-li), adv. in an 
 astatic manner. 
 
 astaticism (a-stat'i-sizm), n. the 
 state of being astatic. 
 
 astay ( a-sta' ) , adv. said of an anchor 
 when on heaving it the cable makes 
 an acute angle with the level of 
 the water. 
 
 Aster (as'ter), n. a genus of flower- 
 ing-plants with rosette-shaped flow- 
 ers, to which the Michaelmas-daisy 
 belongs. 
 
 aster, n. any plant of the genus Aster. 
 
 asterial ( as-te'ri-al ) , adj. connected 
 with, or related to, the stars. 
 
 asteriated (as-te'ri-a-ted), adj. ra- 
 diated ; having the form of a star. 
 
 asterisk (as'ter-isk), n. the mark 
 (*) used in printing as a reference 
 to a marginal passage or footnote 
 appended to the text, or to indicate 
 letters or words omitted (***) : v.t. 
 to mark with an asterisk. 
 
 asterism (as'ter-izm), n. a group or 
 
 cluster of stars ; three asterisks 
 placed in the form of a triangle 
 [ *** or *** ] to direct attention to 
 a particular passage ; the star-like 
 appearance in certain crystals. 
 
 astern (a-stern'), adj. & adv. at or 
 toward the hinder part of a ship ; 
 behind a ship. 
 
 asternal (a-ster'nal), adj. not joined 
 to the sternum or breastbone : said 
 of ribs. 
 
 asteroid (as'ter-oid), adj. star-like; 
 star-shaped : n. one of the small 
 planets whose orbits lie between 
 those of Mars and Jupiter ; a minor 
 planet. 
 
 asthenia ( as-the-ni'a ) , n. debility. 
 
 asthenic (as-then'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or characterized by, asthe- 
 nia ; feeble. 
 
 asthma (ast'ma & as'ma), n. a respi- 
 ratory disease, chronically recurrent 
 and attended by Ufficulty of breath- 
 ing, with a wheezing cough and a 
 sense of constriction in the chest. 
 
 asthmatic (ast-mat'ik), or asth- 
 matical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining 
 to asthma ; affected by asthma : n. 
 a person suffering from the dis- 
 ease. 
 
 asthmatically (-li), adv. in an 
 asthmatical manner. 
 
 astigmatic (as-tig-mat'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, affected with, or curing 
 astigmatism. 
 
 astigmatism (as-tig'ma-tizm), or 
 astigmism ('mizm), n. a defect 
 in the structure of the eye causing 
 variation of the focus of the crys- 
 talline lens. 
 
 astir (a-ster'), adv. or adj. on the 
 move ; active ; stirring. 
 
 astomatous (as-tom'a-tus), or as- 
 tomous (as'to-mus), adj. destitute 
 of a mouth ; without breathing 
 pores. 
 
 astonish (as-ton'ish), v.t. to strike 
 with sudden wonder ; surprise ; 
 amaze. 
 
 astonishment (as-ston'ish-ment), n. 
 the state of being astonished; 
 amazement. 
 
 astound (as-tound'), v.t. to strike 
 with amazement ; shock ; alarm ; 
 stun. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ast 
 
 ast 
 
 astraddle (a-strad'l), adv. with one 
 leg on each side of something; 
 astride. 
 astragal (as'tra-gal), n. a small 
 molding or bead of semicircular 
 form : called also a roundel ; the 
 astragalus ; the circular molding 
 near the mouth of a cannon. 
 
 astragalus (as-trag'al-us), n. [pi. 
 astragali (-li)L the ball of the 
 ankle-joint ; the lower bone into 
 which the tibia articulates. 
 
 astrakhan (as'tra-kan), n. the skins 
 of young lambs with curly wool, ob- 
 tained from Astrakhan, a city in 
 Russia ; an imitation with a pile 
 resembling this wool or fur. 
 
 astral (as'tral), adj. pertaining to 
 the stars ; starry ; star-shaped ; per- 
 taining to a super-sensible sub- 
 stance presumed by occultists to 
 pervade the regions of space and to 
 enter into the composition of all 
 bodies. 
 
 astral body (bod'i), n. a kind of 
 ethereal body said by the occultists 
 to be capable of projection to a dis- 
 tance, and to possess the power of 
 occupying two places at the same 
 instant ; a ghost or double. 
 
 astral lamp (lamp), n. a lamp sim- 
 ilar to an Argand lamp, giving an 
 uninterrupted light. 
 
 astral spirits (spir'itz), ri.pl. spirits 
 formerly supposed to inhabit the 
 stars, and represented as fallen an- 
 gels or spirits of fire. 
 
 astray (a-stra'), adv. out of the 
 right way; wandering. 
 
 astride (a-strid'), adv. with the legs 
 wide apart ; astraddle. 
 
 astringency (as-trin'jen-si), n. the 
 quality of being astringent ; harsh- 
 ness ; severity. 
 
 astringent (as-trin'jent), adj. bind- 
 ing; contracting, opposed to laxa- 
 tive : n. a substance or medicine 
 that produces contraction of the 
 tissues and checks discharges. 
 
 astrolabe (as'tr5-lab), n. an instru- 
 ment formerly employed for taking 
 the altitude of the sun or stars; a 
 stereographic projection of the 
 sphere on the plane of the equator 
 or a meridian. 
 
 astrologer (as-trol'6-jer), n. one 
 who professes to forecast events by 
 means of the stars. 
 
 astrological (as-tro-loj'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to astrology, or the prac- 
 tice of astrology. 
 
 astrologically (-li), adv. in an as- 
 trological manner ; according to 
 astrology. 
 
 astrology (as-trol'6-ji), n. predesti- 
 nation by the stars ; the art ancient- 
 ly pursued of foretelling or fore- 
 casting the future of mankind, by 
 reference to the influence supposed 
 to be exerted by the stars in their 
 various aspects and relative posi- 
 tions upon the course of human 
 destiny. 
 
 astrometer (as-trom'e-ter), n. an 
 instrument for ascertaining and 
 comparing the relative magnitude 
 and luster of the stars. 
 
 astronomer (as-tron'o-mer), n. one 
 who studies, or is versed in, astron- 
 omy. 
 
 astronomer royal (roi'al), n. the 
 official title of the astronomer in 
 charge of a royal observatory in 
 Great Britain and Ireland. 
 
 astronomic (as-tro-nom'ik) or as- 
 tronomical ('i-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to astronomy, or according to 
 astronomical laws. 
 
 astronomical clock (klok), n. a 
 clock which keeps sidereal time. 
 
 astronomical signs (smz), n.pl. the 
 signs of the zodiac. 
 
 astronomical year (yer), n. a year 
 the length of which is determined 
 by astronomical observations. 
 
 astronomically (-li), adv. in an as- 
 tronomical manner. 
 
 astronomy (as-tron'o-mi), n. the 
 study of the heavenly bodies ; the 
 science which treats of their mag- 
 nitude, motions, relative positions, 
 and all connective phenomena. 
 
 astrophotography ( as-tro-f o-tog'- 
 ra-fi), n. photography applied to the 
 delineation of the heavenly bodies. 
 
 astrophotometer ( as-tro-f o-tom'e- 
 ter), n. an instrument for measur- 
 ing the intensity of the light of 
 stars. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me. merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nQrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ast 
 
 aim 
 
 as trophy sical (as-tro-fiz'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to the physical structure 
 of the stars. 
 
 astute (as-tut'), adj. shrewd; keenly 
 penetrating ; sagacious ; cunning ; 
 crafty. 
 
 asunder (a-sun'der), adv. apart; 
 separately ; into parts.. 
 
 as wail (as'wal), n. the sloth-bear of 
 India. 
 
 asylum (a-si'lum), n. [pi. asylums 
 ('lumz)], a sanctuary or place of 
 refuge wherein formerly criminals 
 and debtors might find immunity 
 from arrest ; an institution for the 
 care or relief of the aged, destitute, 
 or afflicted. 
 
 asymmetrical (as-i-met'ri-kal), adj. 
 not symmetrical ; disproportionate. 
 
 asymmetrically (-li), adv. not 
 symmetrical. 
 
 asymmetry (a-sim'e-tri), n. lack of 
 symmetry or proportion between the 
 parts of a thing. 
 
 asyndeton (a-sin'de-ton), n. a figure 
 of speech which omits connectives, 
 as "I came, I saw, I conquered. 
 
 atavism (at'a-vizm), n. the rever- 
 sion, or tendency to revert, to the 
 ancestral type of a species ; resem- 
 blance to a remote ancestor, ex- 
 hibited by a certain organism ; the 
 recurrence of any peculiarity or dis- 
 ease from which an ancestor in re- 
 mote generations has suffered. 
 
 atavistic (at-a-vis'tik), adj. of, or 
 pertaining to, atavism. 
 
 ataxia (a-tak'si-a), or ataxy ('si), 
 n. irregularities in the functions of 
 the body or in the course of a dis- 
 ease. 
 
 ataxic (a-tak'sik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or characterized by, ataxy. 
 
 ataxic fever (-fe'ver), n. typhus 
 fever of a malignant type. 
 
 ate (et & at), p.t. of eat. 
 
 atelier (a'te-lya), n. a workshop; 
 the studio of a painter or sculptor. 
 
 atheism (a'the-izm), n. disbelief in 
 the existence of a God. 
 
 atheist (a'the-ist), n. one who dis- 
 believes or denies the existence of a 
 God. 
 
 atheistic (a-the-is'tik), or atheis- 
 
 tical ('ti-kal), adj. pertaining to, 
 containing, or implying atheism. 
 
 atheistically (-li), adv. in an athe- 
 istic manner ; impiously. 
 
 atheneum, athenaeum ( ath-e-ne'- 
 um), n. [pi. atheneums ('umz) & 
 athenaea ('a)], an institution, club, 
 or building devoted to the purposes 
 or study of literature, science and 
 art. 
 
 athermancy (a-ther'man-si), n. im- 
 permeability to radiant heat. 
 
 athermanous ('ma-nus), adj. im- 
 pervious to radiant heat. 
 
 athirst (a-therst'), adj. in want of 
 drink. 
 
 athlete (ath'let), n. a competitor for 
 a prize in public games ; one trained 
 to contend in feats of physical 
 prowess; one possessed of great 
 physical strength. 
 
 athletic (ath-le.t'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to athletes, or their performances ; 
 strong ; robust ; vigorous ; muscular. 
 
 athletically ('i-kal-li), adv. in an 
 athletic manner. 
 
 athleticism (ath-let'i-sizm), n. the 
 practice of athletic games or exer- 
 cises. 
 
 athletics (ath-let'iks), n. any sys- 
 tem of athletic training by gymnas- 
 tic exercises or outdoor sports; ath- 
 letic exercises collectively. 
 
 athwart (a-thwawrt'), prep, across; 
 from side to side : adv. crosswise ; 
 obliquely; across the course or di- 
 rection of a ship. 
 
 athwart-ships (-ships), adv. phr. 
 across a ship from one side to the 
 other. 
 
 atilt (a-tilf), adv. & adj. in the posi- 
 tion or with the action of a person 
 making a thrust ; tilted. 
 
 atlantes (at-lan'tez), n.pl. figures or 
 half-figures of men, used in place 
 of columns or pilasters to support 
 an entablature. 
 
 atlas (at'las), n. [pi. atlases ('ez)], 
 a collection of maps in a volume ; 
 a work in tabulated form ; a large 
 size of drawing-paper. 
 
 atlas-powder (at'las-pou'der), n. a 
 powerful nitro-glycerine blasting 
 compound. 
 
 atmidometer (at-mi-dom'e-ter), n. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
aim 
 
 air 
 
 an instrument for measuring the 
 evaporation from ice, snow, or 
 water. 
 
 atmology (at-mol'o-ji), n. the 
 science of aqueous vapor, its laws 
 and phenomena. « 
 
 atmometer (at-mom'e-ter), n. an 
 instrument for measuring the rate 
 and amount of evaporation from 
 a moist surface. 
 
 atmosphere (at'mos-fer), n, the 
 aeriform fluid surrounding the 
 earth, composed of a mechanical 
 mixture of 79 parts by volume of 
 nitrogen with 21 parts of oxygen, 
 and a trace of carbonic acid and 
 argon, with a varying proportion 
 of aqueous vapor, ammonia, ozone, 
 and organic matter ; the gaseous 
 envelope surrounding any of the 
 heavenly bodies ; the influence, men- 
 tal and moral, exerted on a person 
 by his environments. 
 
 atmospheric (at-mos-fer'ik), or at- 
 mospherical ('i-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, resembling, or consisting of, 
 existing in, or dependent upon, the 
 atmosphere. 
 
 atmospheric pressure (-presh'er), 
 n. the pressure exerted in every di- 
 rection upon a body by the atmos- 
 phere ; equivalent to 14 2-3 lb. on the 
 sq. in., or 1,033 grams on the sq. 
 centimeter. 
 
 atoll (a-tol' & at'ol), n. a coral island 
 having the form of an outer ring of 
 coral surrounding a basin or lagoon. 
 
 atom (at'um), n. an ultimate indi- 
 visible particle of matter. 
 
 atomic (a-tom'ik), or atomical 
 ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to, or con- 
 sisting of, atoms ; extremely minute. 
 
 atomic weight (a-tom'ik wat), n. 
 the weight of the atom of any ele- 
 ment as compared with another 
 taken as a standard, usually hydro- 
 gen, taken as 1. 
 
 atomic ally (-li), adv. in an atomic 
 manner. 
 
 atomicity (at-o-mis'i-ti), n. equiva- 
 lence ; the combining capacity of an 
 element. 
 
 atomize (at'um-iz), v.t. to reduce to 
 atoms or exceedingly fine particles. 
 
 atomizer (at'um-I-zer), n. an instru- 
 ment constructed to reduce a liquid 
 to spray. 
 
 atonable (a-ton'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being atoned for. 
 
 atone (a-ton'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. atoned 
 p.pr. atoning], to make reparation 
 or amends, as for injury done or im- 
 plied; expiate; make satisfaction 
 for ; reconcile. 
 
 atonement (a-ton'ment), n. repara- 
 tion or satisfaction offered or made 
 in return for injury; expiation of 
 wrong or sin by suffering; the 
 recompense for sin typified by the 
 sufferings and death of Christ; 
 reconciliation. 
 
 atonic (a-ton'ik), adj. wanting tone, 
 or vital energy • unaccented : n. an 
 unaccented word or syllable ; a medi- 
 cine to allay excitement. 
 
 atony (at'o-ni), n. want of tone; de- 
 bility ; weakness of any organ. 
 
 atrip (a-trip'), adv. just clear of the 
 ground. 
 
 atrium (a'tri-um), n. [pi. atria 
 (-a)], the square entrance-hall, 
 lighted from above, constituting the 
 chief apartment in an ancient Ro- 
 man house ; a hall or entrance- 
 court ; a portico ; the auricular por- 
 tion of the heart ; a cavity. 
 
 atrocious (a-tro'shus), adj. wicked 
 in the highest degree ; extremely 
 criminal or cruel ; outrageous ; ex- 
 hibiting or characterized by great 
 atrocity ; flagrant. 
 
 atrocity (a-tros'i-ti), n. [pi. atroci- 
 ties (-tiz)], enormous wickedness; 
 abominable cruelty; an atrocious 
 deed. 
 
 atrophy (at'r5-fi), n. a wasting, or 
 diminution in bulk, of the body, or 
 any part of the body arising from 
 lack of nourishment; the degenera- 
 tion of an organ or part : v.i. [p.t. 
 & p.p. atrophied, p.pr. atrophying], 
 to waste away ; to dwindle. 
 
 atropin (at'ro-nin), or atropine 
 -pin), n. a crystalline alkaloid of 
 very poisonous nature extracted 
 from the deadly nightshade (bella- 
 donna), having the singular proper- 
 ty of producing dilatation of the 
 pupil of the eye. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booflj 
 book; hue, but; think, then. ' 
 
atr 
 
 att 
 
 atropism (at'ro-pizm), n. poisoning 
 by atropin or belladonna. 
 
 attach (at-tach'), v.t. to fasten, or 
 fix, to or on ; bind ; connect with or 
 appoint to ; connect by ties of affec- 
 tion ; to take, or seize, by legal 
 authority : v.i. to adhere. 
 
 attache (at-ta-sha'), n. one who is 
 attached to another, or as part of a 
 suite or staff, as of an embassy or 
 legation. 
 
 attachment (at-tach'ment), n. the 
 act of attaching ; adherence ; fidel- 
 ity ; affection or regard ; that which 
 attaches, or the thing which is at- 
 tached ; a taking into custody or 
 seizure of the person, goods, or 
 estate by virtue of a legal process. 
 
 attack (at-tak'), v.t. to assault; fall 
 upon with force; assail with intent 
 to overcome or to damage, discredit, 
 or bring into ridicule; begin to af- 
 fect or act upon, as disease : v.i. to 
 make an onset or attack : n. the act 
 of attacking in any sense of the 
 word. 
 
 attain (at-tan'), v.t. to achieve; 
 gain ; compass ; accomplish : v.i. to 
 reach ; come, or arrive at. 
 
 attainability ( at-ta-na-bil'i-ti ) , n. 
 attainableness. 
 
 attainable ( at-ta'na-bl ) , adj. ca- 
 pable of being attained. 
 
 attainableness (-nes), n. the qual- 
 ity of being attainable. 
 
 attainder (at-tan'der), n. the act of 
 attainting, or the state of being at- 
 tainted ; an act, formerly in opera- 
 tion, for the deprivation of all civil 
 rights and of power to inherit or 
 transmit property : applied to per- 
 sons under sentence of death or out- 
 lawry for treason or felony. 
 
 attainment ( at-tan'ment ) , n. the act 
 of attaining ; the act of arriving at 
 or reaching, as the result of exer- 
 tion or effort ; that which is at- 
 tained ; an acquisition. 
 
 attaint (at-tant), v.t. to taint; cor- 
 rupt ; sully or stain by disgrace. 
 
 attar of roses (at'ar of roz'ez), n. 
 an essential oil expressed from the 
 petals of the rose. Written also 
 atar, ottar, and otto. 
 
 attemper (at-tem'per), v.t. to re- 
 duce, modify, or moderate by mix- 
 
 ture ; regulate ; temper ; smooth, 
 soften, or mollify; mix in proper 
 proportion ; fit or adapt. 
 
 attempt (at-tempf), v.t. to make an 
 effort to accomplish ; try ; endeavor 
 or essay to perform ; try to win or 
 seduce ; attack, or invade : n. a trial, 
 essay, or endeavor ; an effort to 
 gain a point; an attack or assault. 
 
 attend (at-tend'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 -ed, p.pr. -ing], to wait upon; ac- 
 company or be present with ; serve 
 or look after in any capacity ; be 
 present at ; accompany or follow : 
 v.i. to pay heed or regard to ; listen ; 
 be in attendance upon. 
 
 attendance (at-ten'dans), n. the act 
 of attending ; waiting on ; presence ; 
 the persons attending ; retinue. 
 
 attendant (at-ten'dant), n. one who 
 attends or accompanies in service or 
 train of another ; one who is pres- 
 ent ; that which attends or is conse- 
 quent upon anything else : adj. ac- 
 companying ; being present : con- 
 nected or consequent upon ; depend- 
 ing on or owing duty or service to. 
 
 attention (at-ten'shun), n. the act 
 of applying the mind to anything; 
 consideration or regard for any per- 
 son or thing ; a mark or act of civil- 
 ity or courtesy ; care for the com- 
 fort of others; a military command 
 to assume the attitude of atten- 
 tion. 
 
 attentive (at-ten'tiv), adj. heedful; 
 full of attention ; intent ; mindful ; 
 regardful of the wishes of others. 
 
 attenuant (at-ten'u-ant), adj. mak- 
 ing thin, as fluids ; diluting ; dimin- 
 ishing in denseness : n. a medicine 
 which thins the fluids of the body; 
 a diluent. 
 
 attenuate (at-ten'u-at), v.t. to make 
 thin or slender ; weaken or reduce ; 
 thin out by dilution; rarefy: v.i. 
 to become thin, slender, or fine : les- 
 sen : adj. made thin ; dilute ; rare- 
 fied ; tapering ; slender. 
 
 attenuation (at-ten-u-a'shun), n. 
 the act or process of making slender, 
 or thinning out by dilution; the 
 state of being slender. 
 
 attest (at-tesf), v.t. to bear witness 
 to ; certify as being genuine or true, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
att 
 
 auc 
 
 especially in an official sense ; give 
 proof of ; manifest. 
 
 attestation (at-tes-ta/shun), n. the 
 act of attesting ; testimony or evi- 
 dence given on oath, or by official 
 declaration ; swearing in. 
 
 attestor (at-tes'ter), n. one who at- 
 tests. 
 
 attic (at'tik), n. an uppermost room 
 in a house immediately beneath the 
 roof ; a garret. 
 
 Attic (at'tik), adj. pertaining to At- 
 tica, in Greece ; classical ; elegant. 
 
 Atticism (at'i-sizm), n. a peculiarity 
 of style or idiom characterizing the 
 Attic rendering of the Greek lan- 
 guage ; elegant manner of expres- 
 sion. 
 
 attire (at-tir'), v.t. to dress; clothe; 
 array ; adorn : n. dress ; clothes ; 
 habit ; garb ; the horns of a stag, 
 employed as a heraldic bearing. 
 
 attitude (at'ti-tud), n. bodily posi- 
 tion or posture ; the bearing as- 
 sumed by a person or body of per- 
 sons indicative of feeling, opinion, 
 &c. 
 
 attitudinal ( at-ti-tu'di-nal ) , adj. 
 pertaining to attitude. 
 
 attitu dinar ian (at - ti-tu-di-na'ri- 
 an), n. one who studies or affects 
 attitudes. 
 
 attitudinize (at-ti-tu'di-niz), v.i. to 
 pose for effect. 
 
 attorney (at-ter'ni), n. [pi. attor- 
 neys (-nez)], one legally qualified 
 to act for another in the transaction 
 of private business, or in the man- 
 agement, prosecution, or defense of 
 actions at law. 
 
 attorney-general (-jen'er-al), n. 
 the chief law officer appointed to 
 act for the government ; the chief 
 law officer of a State. 
 
 attorneyship (at-ter'ni-ship), n. 
 agency for another. 
 
 attract (at-trakt'), v.t. to draw to 
 or towards ; cause to approach ; 
 draw by moral influence ; allure ; 
 entice. 
 
 attracta bility ( at-trak'ta-bil'i-ti ) , 
 n. the quality of being attractable ; 
 the power of attraction. 
 
 attractile (at-trak'til), adj. having 
 the power to attract. 
 
 attraction (at-trak'shun), n. the 
 power or act of attracting; the 
 force exerted by one body or mass 
 upon or over the constituent par- 
 ticles of another, by which it tends 
 to overcome the resistance to mo- 
 tion, and to draw them together ; 
 tendency to coherence. 
 
 attractive (at-trak'tiv), adj. having 
 the power or tendency to attract ; al- 
 luring; inviting: n. that which at- 
 tracts, allures, or charms. 
 
 attributable (at-trib'u-ta-bl), adj. 
 capable of being attributed. 
 
 attribute (at-trib'ut), v.t. to as- 
 cribe, impute, assign : n. (at'tri-but), 
 that which is attributed, as quality ; 
 trait ; property ; a characteristic ; 
 an attributive adjunct or adjective ; 
 that which may be predicated of any 
 subject. 
 
 attribution (at-tri-bu'shun), n. the 
 act of attributing ; designation. 
 
 attributive (at-trib'u-tiv), adj. per- 
 taining to, of the nature of, or ex- 
 pressing, an attribute : n. a word 
 denoting an attribute ; describing a 
 noun ; an adjective phrase. 
 
 attrite (at-trif), adj. worn by fric- 
 tion ; repentant through fear of pun- 
 ishment. 
 
 attrition (at-trish'un), n. the act of 
 wearing by rubbing ; abrasion ; grief 
 for sin from fear of punishment. 
 
 attune (at-tun'), v.t. to put in tune; 
 bring into accordance or harmony. 
 
 attunement (at-tun'ment), n. the 
 act of syntonizing or directing wire- 
 less telegraphic messages to a given 
 point. 
 
 atypic (a-tip'ik), or atypical ('i- 
 kal), adj. without definite typical 
 character. 
 
 auburn (aw'burn), adj. reddish- 
 brown. 
 
 auction (awk'shun), n. a public sale 
 of property or effects conducted on 
 the principle of the highest bidder 
 becoming the purchaser of any par- 
 ticular lot put up for sale ; the 
 property or effects offered for sale 
 by auction: v.t. to sell by auction. 
 
 auctioneer (awk-shun-er'), n. one 
 licensed to sell property or goods 
 by public auction : v.i. to sell by 
 auction. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
and 
 
 audacious (aw-da'shus), adj. bold; 
 daring; spirited; insolent; impu- 
 dent ; characterized by shameless ef- 
 frontery. 
 
 audacity (aw-das'i-ti), n. [pi. audac- 
 ities (-tiz)], boldness; daring; spir- 
 it ; presumptuousness ; impudence ; 
 effrontery. 
 
 audible (aw'di-bl), adj. capable of 
 being heard. 
 
 audibly £-bli), adv. so as to be 
 heard. 
 
 audience (aw'di-ens), n. the act of 
 hearing ; admittance to a hearing or 
 formal interview with one of high 
 position ; an assembly of hearers. 
 
 audient (aw'di-ent), adj. hearing; 
 listening. 
 
 audiometer (aw-di-om'e-ter), n. an 
 instrument for gauging the power of 
 hearing. 
 
 audipbone (aw'di-fon), n. an instru- 
 ment constructed to assist the deaf 
 by collecting the sound-waves and 
 conveying the vibrations to the 
 auditory nerves through the medium 
 of the teeth. 
 
 audit (aw'dit), n. official examina- 
 tion and verification of claims or ac- 
 counts with vouchers and the at- 
 tendance of witnesses to effect a set- 
 tlement; a receipt of rent at stated 
 times : v.t. to examine and adjust, as 
 accounts or claims : v.i. to examine 
 an account ; act as auditor. 
 
 auditor (aw'di-ter), n. a hearer or 
 listener ; a person appointed to ex- 
 amine and verify accounts and 
 claims ; one who hears judicially, as 
 in an audience court. 
 
 auditorium (aw-di-to'ri-um), n. [pi. 
 auditoria (-a), & auditoriums 
 (-umz)], the space in a theater or 
 other public building assigned to the 
 audience. 
 
 auditory (aw'di-to-ri), adj. pertain- 
 ing to hearing, or to the sense or 
 organs of hearing : n. an audience ; 
 a place or space allotted to hearers ; 
 an auditorium. 
 
 auger (aw'ger), n. a tool for boring 
 holes. 
 
 augbt (awt), n. anything; any part: 
 adv. in any way; at all. 
 
 augment (awg-menf), v.t. to in- 
 crease; to enlarge in size or ex- 
 
 tent ; to add an augment to : v.i. to 
 grow larger ; increase in size and 
 strength : n. increase ; enlargement ; 
 a vowel prefixed, or a lengthening 
 of the initial vowel. 
 
 augmentation ( awg-men-ta'shun ) , 
 n. increase; the increase in time- 
 value of the notes of a theme; an 
 additional charge to a coat of arms 
 bestowed as a mark of honor; the 
 period of increase in a fever before 
 the crisis is reached. 
 
 augmentative ( awg - men'ta-tiv ) , 
 adj. having the quality or power of 
 augmenting : n. a word or affix 
 which expresses with greater force 
 the idea conveyed by the term from 
 which it is derived: opposed to di- 
 minutive. 
 
 augur (aw'ger), n. one who officially 
 predicted events by the observation 
 and interpretation of natural signs 
 or omens, the flight of birds, the in- 
 spection of the entrails of slaugh- 
 tered victims, the occurrence of me- 
 teorological phenomena, &c. ; one 
 who professes to foretell events by 
 omens; a soothsayer; a prophet: 
 v.i. to conjecture from signs or 
 omens: v.t. to predict or prognosti- 
 cate; betoken or infer. 
 
 augury (aw'gu-ri), n. [pi. auguries 
 (-riz)], the art or practice of fore- 
 telling events by reference to natural 
 signs or omens; an omen; predic- 
 tion; presage. 
 
 august (aw-gust')» ndj. grand; in- 
 vested with grandeur and dignity ; 
 majestic ; of a nature to inspire awe 
 and reverence. 
 
 August (aw'gust), ». the eighth 
 month of the year. 
 
 auk (awk), n. the name given to the 
 members of a family of arctic diving 
 birds. The Great Auk is now ex- 
 tinct. Also spelled awk. 
 
 aulic (aw'lik), adj. pertaining to a 
 royal court. 
 
 aunt (ant), 11. the sister of one's 
 father or mother. 
 
 aura (aw'ra), n. a subtle, vaporous 
 streaming, or exhalation, supposed 
 to emanate from a living body or 
 substance, as aroma, effluvium, or 
 the subtle essence of its individual 
 nature; a sensation as of a stream 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
anr 
 
 ant 
 
 of air rising from a part of the body 
 toward the head, and preceding an 
 epileptic seizure or hysteria. 
 
 aural (aw'ral), adj. pertaining to the 
 air or to an aura ; pertaining to the 
 ear, or to the sense of hearing. 
 
 aureate (aw're-at), adj. golden; 
 gilded ; golden-yellow. 
 
 aurelia (aw-re'lya), n. the pupa or 
 chrysalis of an insect. 
 
 aurelian (aw-re'lyan), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the aurelia : n. one who makes 
 a special study of butterflies and 
 moths. 
 
 aureola (aw-re'o-la), or aureole 
 (aw're-ol), n. a halo, radiance, or 
 luminous cloud encircling the figures 
 of Christ, the Virgin, and the saints 
 as represented by the painters ; any- 
 thing resembling an aureola. 
 
 auric (aw'rik), adj. pertaining to 
 gold. 
 
 auricle (aw'ri-kl), n. the external 
 ear ; that part of the ear which pro- 
 jects from the head ; one of two 
 chambers of the heart which receive 
 the blood from the veins and trans- 
 mit it to the ventricle or ventricles. 
 
 auricular (aw-rik'u-lar), adj. per- 
 taining to the ear or to the sense of 
 hearing ; privately addressed, as to 
 the priest in the confessional ; per- 
 ceived by the ear ; known by report ; 
 obtained by the ear; ear-shaped; 
 pertaining to the auricles of the 
 heart. 
 
 auriculate (aw-rik'u-lat), or auric- 
 ulated (-ed), adj. ear-shaped; hav- 
 ing ears or ear-like appendages. 
 
 auriferous (aw-rif'er-us), adj. gold- 
 bearing; yielding or containing 
 gold. 
 
 auriform (aw'ri-form), adj. ear- 
 shaped; having the form of the 
 human ear. 
 
 auriscope (aw'ri-skop), n. an in- 
 strument for examining the ear. 
 
 aurist (aw'rist), n. one skilled in the 
 treatment of ear disorders. 
 
 aurochs (aw'roks), n. the European 
 bison. 
 
 aurora (aw-ro'ra), n. [pi. auroras 
 ('raz) & aurora? ('re)], the rising 
 light of the morning; the dawn or 
 dayspring. 
 
 aurora borealis (bo-re-a'lis), n. the 
 northern lights, a luminous meteoric 
 phenomenon manifesting itself by 
 streams of light ascending from the 
 northern horizon towards the zenith, 
 or assuming the form of an arc 
 having its ends on the horizon. 
 
 aurora australis (aw-stra'lis), n. a 
 phenomenon of corresponding nature 
 in the southern hemisphere. 
 
 aurous (aw'rus), adj. pertaining to 
 gold. 
 
 auscultate (aws'kul-tat), v.t. to ex- 
 amine by auscultation. 
 
 auscultation (aws-kul-ta'shun), n. 
 a method of detecting chest disease 
 by observing the sounds arising in 
 the part, either by applying the ear 
 directly to the chest or thorax, or by 
 means of a stethoscope. 
 
 auscultator (aws'kul-ta-ter), n. one 
 who practices auscultation ; a steth- 
 oscope. 
 
 auscultatory- (aws-kul'ta-to-ri), adj. 
 pertaining to auscultation. 
 
 auspice (aws'pis), n. [pi. auspices 
 (-ez)], an omen drawn from birds; 
 an omen ; a predication as to the 
 future ; protection ; patronage ; fa- 
 voring influence (generally in pi.). 
 
 auspicious ( aws-pish'us ) , adj. hav- 
 ing promise of success or happiness ; 
 propitious ; prosperous ; fortunate. 
 
 austere (aws-ter'), adj. sour; harsh; 
 rough to the taste ; severe ; rigid in 
 character or mode of living ; severe- 
 ly simple. 
 
 austerity ( aws-ter 'i-ti), n. severity 
 of manner or life ; harsh discipline ; 
 rigorous simplicity. 
 
 austral (aws'tral), adj. southern. 
 
 authentic (aw-then'tik), or au- 
 thentical ( 'ti-kal ) , adj. genuine ; 
 original ; duly authorized ; true ; 
 trustworthy; vested with all due 
 formalities, and legally attested. 
 
 authentically (-li), adv. in an au- 
 thentic manner. 
 
 authenticate (aw-then'ti-kat), v.t. 
 to make authentic ; give authority to 
 by accordance with legal formalities ; 
 to establish as genuine. 
 
 authentication ( aw - then - ti-ka'- 
 shun), n. the act of authenticating. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ant * 
 
 authenticity (aw-then-tis'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being authentic ; au- 
 thority. 
 
 author (aw'ther), n. the beginner or 
 prime mover of anything ; an ef- 
 ficient cause ; an originator ; a 
 creator ; one who composes or writes 
 a book ; a composer. 
 
 authoress (aw'ther-es), n. a female 
 author. [The term author is now 
 generally used without regard to 
 sex.] 
 
 authoritative ( aw - thor 'i-ta-tiv ) , 
 adj. having due authority, or the air 
 of being duly authorized ; positive, 
 dictatorial ; magisterial ; command- 
 ing. 
 
 authority (aw-thor'i-ti), n. [pi. au- 
 thorities (-tiz)], power or right to 
 act or command ; dominion ; juris- 
 diction ; power derived from opinion, 
 respect, or reputation ; influence ; 
 justification or support for state- 
 ment or action ; a person invested 
 with power to act or command ; one 
 deserving of credit, to whom ap- 
 peal or reference can be made; in 
 pi. the government ; the constituted 
 authorities. 
 
 authorization (aw-ther-i-za'shun) , 
 n. the act of authorizing; establish- 
 ment by authority. 
 
 authorize (aw'ther-iz), v.t. to vest 
 with authority ; give a right to act 
 or command ; empower ; legalize ; 
 establish or confirm by authority. 
 
 auto (aw'to), n. an abbreviation in 
 common use for automobile. 
 
 auto, prefix meaning self; of one's 
 self; of itself. 
 
 autobiographic ( aw-to-bi-o-graf '- 
 ik), or autobiographical ('i-kal), 
 adj. pertaining to autobiography. 
 
 autobiographically (-li), adv. in 
 an autobiographic manner. 
 
 autobiography ( aw-to-bi-og'ra-f i ) , 
 n. [pi. autobiographies (-fiz)], a 
 biography, account, or character- 
 sketch of a person written by him- 
 self. 
 
 autocar (aw'to-kar), n. a carriage 
 containing within itself the machin- 
 ery necessary for its own propulsion. 
 
 autocracy (aw-tok'ra-si), n. [pi. au- 
 tocracies (-siz)], absolute, uncon- 
 
 aut 
 
 trolled authority ; supremacy ; gov- 
 ernment by one invested with 
 absolute and uncontrolled authority ; 
 autonomy. 
 
 autocrat (aw'to-krat), n. an abso- 
 lute prince or sovereign ; one who 
 rules without restriction. 
 
 autocratic ( aw-to-krat'ik or auto- 
 cratical ( 'i-kal ) , adj. pertaining to 
 autocracy ; absolute. 
 
 autocratically (-li), adv. in an au- 
 tocratic manner. 
 
 autocycle (aw'to-si-kl), n. a motor 
 bicycle. 
 
 autodynamic ( aw-to-di-nam'ik ) , 
 adj. operating by its own force. 
 
 autogenic (aw-toj'en-ik) or autog- 
 enous (-us), adj. self-generated; 
 produced independently. 
 
 autograph (aw'to-graf ), adj. self- 
 written ; in one's own handwriting : 
 n. a person's own handwriting ; an 
 original manuscript or signature : 
 v.t. to reproduce by autography ; to 
 sign or write one's autograph. 
 
 autographic (aw-to-graf'ik) or au- 
 tographical ('i-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to an autograph or personal 
 handwriting ; relating to, or used 
 in, the process of autography; self- 
 recording. 
 
 autography (aw-tog'ra-fi), n. the 
 science or study of autographs; an 
 original manuscript ; a process in 
 lithography by which copies of 
 writings or drawings are reproduced 
 in facsimile. 
 
 autogravure (aw-to-grav-ur'), n. a 
 process of photo-engraving. 
 
 autolatry (aw-tol'a-tri), n. self- 
 worship. 
 
 autology (aw-tol'o-ji), n. the scien- 
 tific study of one's self. 
 
 automatic (aw-to-mat'ik), or auto- 
 matical ('i-kal), adj. having the 
 power of self-motion or self-action ; 
 of the nature of an automaton ; in- 
 dependent of the will. 
 
 automatically (-li), adv. in an au- 
 tomatic manner. 
 
 automatism (aw-tom'a-tizm), n. au- 
 tomatic action ; the doctrine which 
 assigns all animal functions to the 
 active operation of physical laws. 
 
 automaton (aw-tom'a-ton), n. [pi. 
 automata (-ta), & automatons 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ant 
 
 (-tonz)], that which possesses the 
 power of spontaneous movement 
 without consciousness ; a self-acting 
 machine. 
 
 automatons (aw-tom'a-tus), adj. 
 spontaneous ; of the nature of an 
 automaton. 
 
 autometry (aw-tom'e-tri), n. the es- 
 timation, or measurement, of one's 
 self. 
 
 automobile (aw-to-mo'bil), adj. self- 
 moving. 
 
 automobile (aw-to-mo-bel' & aw-to- 
 mo'bil), n. a self-moving vehicle; 
 motor-carriage. 
 
 automobilist (aw-to-mo'bil-ist), n. 
 one who rides in and manages an 
 automobile ; a chauffeur. 
 
 automorphism (aw-to-morf'ism), n. 
 the judgment of others by analogy 
 from the knowledge of one's self. • 
 
 automotor (aw'to-mo-ter), n. a self- 
 acting machine. 
 
 autonomic (aw-to-nom'ik), or au- 
 tonomous (-ton'6-mus), adj. per- 
 taining to autonomy. 
 
 autonomist (aw-ton'o-mist), n. a 
 supporter of autonomy. 
 
 autonomy ( aw-ton'6-mi ) , n. [pi. au- 
 tonomies ( -miz ) ] , the power or 
 right of self-government; the state 
 of political independence. 
 
 autonym (aw'to-nim), n. one's own 
 name : opposed to pseudonym ; a 
 work published under the author's 
 real name. 
 
 autophon (aw'to-fon), n. a barrel- 
 organ, the tunes of which are deter- 
 mined by perforated mill-board. 
 
 autoplasty (aw'to-plas-ti), n. the 
 process of repairing lesions by ap- 
 plication of tissue removed from an- 
 other part. Called also rhinoplasty. 
 
 autopsy ( aw'-top-si ) , n. personal ob- 
 servation ; ocular demonstration ; a 
 post-mortem examination. 
 
 autotoxic (aw-to-toks'ik), adj. self- 
 poisoning. 
 
 autotruck (aw'-to-truk), n. a self- 
 moving truck ; motor-truck. 
 
 autotype (aw'to-tfp), n. a facsimile; 
 a photo-gelatine process of produc- 
 ing pictures. 
 
 autotypography ( aw-to-ti-pog'ra-fi ) , 
 n. a kind of nature printing, by 
 the transference of gelatine draw- 
 
 ings on to a plate of soft metal from 
 which the design is printed. 
 
 autumn (aw'tum), n. the season be- 
 tween summer and winter, begin- 
 ning astronomically at the autumnal 
 equinox, about September 22nd, and 
 ending at the winter solstice, about 
 December 23rd; the period of de- 
 cline or decay. 
 
 autumnal ( aw-tum'nal ) , adj. belong- 
 ing or peculiar to autumn ; pro- 
 duced or gathered in autumn ; per- 
 taining to the period of life when 
 middle age is past : n. a plant that 
 flowers in autumn. 
 
 autumnal equinox (e'kwi-noks), 
 n. the time of the sun's southward 
 passage across the equator, about 
 September 22nd. 
 
 auxiliary (awg-zil'i-a-ri), adj. help- 
 ing ; aiding ; assisting ; subsidiary : 
 n. [pi. auxiliaries (-riz)], a helper; 
 an assistant ; a confederate or ally ; 
 aid of any kind ; a verb which helps 
 to form the' moods and tenses of oth- 
 er verbs : pi. foreign troops in the 
 service of a nation at war. 
 
 avail (a-val'), v.i. to be of use, value, 
 or service; give profit: v.t. to turn 
 to profit or advantage : n. use; 
 means towards an end ; advantage to 
 an object : pi. proceeds or profits. 
 
 availability (a-va'la-bil-i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being available. 
 
 avalanche (av'a-lanch), n. the sud- 
 den descent of a mass of compact 
 snow or ice from the higher parts of 
 a mountain ; a fall of rocks or earth 
 from the heights of a mountain; 
 anything that overwhelms by sud- 
 denness and irresistible force. 
 
 avarice (av'a-ris), n. an inordinate 
 or insatiable desire of gain ; covet- 
 ousness ; cupidity ; greediness. 
 
 avaricious (av-a-rish'us), adj. im- 
 pelled by avarice ; greedy of gain ; 
 grasping. 
 
 avast (a- vast')* inter j. stop! cease! 
 hold! 
 
 avatar (av-a-tar') or avatara (-ta'- 
 ra), n. the descent of a deity to 
 earth in an incarnate form ; a man- 
 ifestation or embodiment. 
 
 avaunt (a-vawnt' & a-vant'), inter j. 
 begone ! depart ! an exclamation of 
 contempt or abhorrence. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hua, hut; think, then. 
 
LATEST TYPES OF AUTOMOBILES 
 
ave (a've & li've), inter j. hail! fare- 
 well ! n. an Ave Maria ; a salutation. 
 
 avenaceous (av-e-na'shus), adj. be- 
 longing to or resembling oats. 
 
 avenge (a-venj'), v.t. to exact pun- 
 ishment or satisfaction for wrong or 
 injury done to one's self or another : 
 v.i. to execute vengeance ; to receive 
 satisfaction for injury by the pun- 
 ishment of the offender. 
 
 avenue (av'e-nti), n. a way or means 
 of approach to a place, a passage- 
 way, drive, or alley bordered by trees 
 leading to a house : a broad road- 
 way or street planted with trees. 
 
 aver (a-ver), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. averred, 
 p.pr. averring], to affirm positively; 
 declare to be true ; verify. 
 
 average (av'er-aj), n. any charge ad- 
 ditional to the cost of freightage : 
 v.t. to find the mean, as of unequal 
 sums or quantities ; reduce to a 
 mean ; assign proportionately. 
 
 averment ( a-ver'ment ) , n. the act of 
 affirming positively ; verification ; a 
 statement or allegation as to facts. 
 
 averse (a-vers'), adj. unwilling; un- 
 favorable ; having a repugnance or 
 disinclination to. 
 
 aversion (a-ver 'shun), n. opposition 
 or repugnance of mind ; antipathy ; 
 fixed dislike ; hatred ; the object or 
 cause of dislike or repugnance. 
 
 avert (a-vert'), v.t. to turn aside or 
 away ; turn or ward off ; prevent. 
 
 avertible (a-vert'i-bl), adj. capable 
 of being warded off, or averted. 
 
 Avesta ( a-ves'ta ) , n. the sacred writ- 
 ings attributed to Zoroaster; the 
 Zend-Avesta. 
 
 avian (a'vi-an), adj. pertaining to 
 birds. 
 
 aviary (a'vi-a-ri), n. [pi. aviaries 
 (-riz)], a house, large cage, or in- 
 closure for the keeping and rearing 
 of birds in confinement. 
 
 aviator (a'vi-a-ter), n. a flying ma- 
 chine. 
 
 aviatory (a'vi-a-to-ri), adj. flying. 
 
 avicularium (a-vik-u-lar-i-um), n. 
 [pi. avicularia (-a)], the small pre- 
 hensile process, resembling the head 
 of a bird with a movable mandible, 
 which continually snaps : found in 
 many of the Polyzoa. 
 
 avicnltnre (a'vi-kul-tur), n. the 
 breeding and rearing of birds. 
 
 avidity (a-vid'i-ti), n. greediness; 
 eagerness ; strong appetite. 
 
 avocation (av-o-ka'shun), n. a sub- 
 ordinate or occasional occupation, as 
 contradistinguished from vocation. 
 
 avoid (a-void'), v.t. to keep away 
 shunning ; the state of being vacant, 
 make void : v.i. to become vacant or 
 void. 
 
 avoidance (a-voi'dans), n. the act of 
 annulling or making void ; the act of 
 shunning ; the state of being vacant. 
 
 avoirdupois ( av-er-du-poiz' ) , a sys- 
 tem of weights in which one pound 
 contains 16 ounces : used generally 
 for all commodities except precious 
 metals, gems and drugs. 
 
 avouch (a- vouch'), v.t. to affirm 
 openly ; maintain ; declare positive- 
 ly ; vouch for ; admit or confess. 
 
 avow (a-vou'), -y.it. to declare openly; 
 acknowledge frankly ; to admit and 
 justify. 
 
 avowal (a-vou'al), n. an open decla- 
 ration ; a frank acknowledgment ; a 
 confession. 
 
 awabi (a-wa'be), n. an edible shell- 
 fish found on the coast of Japan ; 
 the abalone. 
 
 await ( a-wat' ) , v.t. to wait for ; look 
 for or expect ; be ready for. 
 
 awake (a-wak'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 awoke, awaked, p.pr. awaking], to 
 arouse from sleep, or from any state 
 resembling sleep ; put into action ; 
 infuse new life into : v.i. to cease to 
 sleep ; bestir one's self : adj. not 
 sleeping ; roused from sleep or in- 
 activity ; in a state of vigilance or 
 action. 
 
 awakening (a-wak'ning), n. the act 
 of rousing from sleep ; a revival of 
 religion, or activity of a particular 
 religious sect : adj. rousing ; excit- 
 ing ; alarming. 
 
 award (a-wawrd'), v.t. to adjudge; 
 assign by judicial sentence, or arbi- 
 tration ; bestow in consideration of 
 merit ; to determine or make an 
 award : n. a judgment ; a decision ; a 
 sentence ; the decision of arbitrators 
 on points submitted to them ; the 
 document containing such decision ; 
 that which is awarded or assigned. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
awa 
 
 axl 
 
 aware ( a- war' ) , adj. on guard ; 
 watchful ; apprised ; cognizant ; con- 
 scious ; vigilant. 
 
 awash (a-wosh'), adj. & adv. on a 
 level with_ the waves. 
 
 away (a-wa'), adv. absent; at a dis- 
 tance ; out of ; off ; in another direc- 
 tion ; continuously : inter j. begone ! 
 depart ! 
 
 awe (aw), n. reverential fear; the 
 feeling or emotion inspired by the 
 contemplation of something sub- 
 lime ; a sense of profound admira- 
 tion and respect ; reverence : v.t. to 
 strike or inspire with feelings of rev- 
 erential respect or fear ; restrain by 
 • fear or respect. 
 
 aweather (a-weth'er), adv. on the 
 weather side, or toward the wind : 
 n. opposed to alee. 
 
 awful (aw'ful), adj. inspiring or im- 
 pressing with profound fear or rev- 
 erence ; of a dreadful or appalling 
 nature ; solemn. 
 
 awfully (-li), adv. in an awful -man- 
 ner ; excessively. 
 
 awhile (a-hwil'), adv. for a period of 
 time. 
 
 awk. See auk. 
 
 awkward (awk'werd), adj. wanting 
 dexterity ; unskilful ; ungraceful or 
 ungainly in shape, movement, or 
 manners ; clumsy. 
 
 awl (awl), n. a pointed instrument 
 for piercing. 
 
 awn (awn), n. the beard or bristle- 
 like appendage of the outer glume of 
 wheat, barley, and numerous grasses. 
 
 awning (awn'ing), n. a covering of 
 canvas or other cloth stretched upon 
 a frame and used as a shelter from 
 wind or sun. 
 
 awny (aw'ni), adj. having bristles; 
 bearded. 
 
 awoke, p.t. of awake. 
 
 awry (a-rf), adj. or adv. turned or 
 twisted toward one side ; erroneous. 
 
 axal. See axial. 
 
 axe or ax (aks), n. a tool or instru- 
 ment of steel, or iron with a steeled 
 edge, attached to a handle, used for 
 the hewing of timber and chopping 
 of wood. 
 
 axial (aks'i-al), adj. pertaining to an 
 axis in any sense of the word. 
 
 axially (-li), adv. in the direction of 
 an axis. 
 
 axiferous (ak-sif'e-rus), adj. con- 
 sisting of stem or axis alone without 
 leaves. 
 
 axiform (ak'si-fOrm), adj. in the 
 form of an axis. 
 
 axil (ak'sil), n. the angle formed by 
 the upper side of an organ or branch 
 with the stem or trunk to which it 
 is attached. 
 
 axile (ak'sil), adj. pertaining to the 
 axis ; situated or lying in the axis. 
 
 axilla (ak-sil'a), n. [pi. axillae ('e)], 
 the armpit, or cavity in the junction 
 of the arm and shoulder ; the axil of 
 a leaf. 
 
 axillar (ak'si-lar), or axillary (-la- 
 ri), adj. pertaining to the armpit; 
 pertaining to, springing from, or sit- 
 uated in, the axil. 
 
 axiom (ak'si-um), n. an indisputable 
 self-evident truth ; a proposition em- 
 bodying a truth at once obvious and 
 incontrovertible ; an established 
 principle in an art or science. 
 
 axiomatic (ak-si-o-mat'ik) or axio- 
 matical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or of the nature of, an axiom. 
 
 axiomatically (-li), adv. in the 
 manner, or by use, of accepted truth. 
 
 axis (ak'sis), n. [pi. axes ('sez)], the 
 straight line, real or imaginary, 
 passing through a body, upon or 
 around which such body revolves, or 
 is supposed to revolve ; a straight 
 line drawn through the center of a 
 bilateral symmetrical figure, as the 
 spinal column ; the central line of 
 any symmetrical body ; the stem or 
 central column of a plant, round 
 which the organs or parts are dis- 
 posed ; the central region of a moun- 
 tain chain. 
 
 axis (ak'sis), n. the hog-deer of India. 
 
 axle (ak'sl), n. the spindle, or por- 
 tion of the axle-tree, which is in- 
 serted in the hub of the wheel, and 
 on which the wheel revolves. 
 
 axle-box (-boks), n. a bushing in 
 the hub of a wheel through which 
 the axle passes. 
 
 axle-tree (-tre), n. a bar connecting 
 the opposite wheels of a carriage, 
 on the rounded ends of which the 
 wheels revolve. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
aye 
 
 azs 
 
 ay or aye (a), adv. always ; for ever ; 
 continually. 
 
 aye or ay (a or I), adv. or inter). 
 yes ; yea ; even so ; indeed : n. [pi. 
 ayes (Iz)], the affirmative votes in 
 a parliamentary division ; the mem- 
 bers so voting. 
 
 aye-aye (I'l), n. a singular nocturnal 
 quadruped, native of Madagascar, 
 and allied to the lemurs. 
 
 Ayrshire (ar'shir), n. a fine breed of 
 cattle from the countj r of Ayr, Scot- 
 land, noted for their rich milk. 
 
 Azalea (a-za'le-a), n. [pi. azaleas 
 (-az)], a genus of plants, belonging 
 to the rhododendron tribe, and re- 
 markable for their showy flowers. 
 
 azarine (az'a-rin), n. a bright red 
 dye obtained from coal-tar. 
 
 azimuth (az'i-muth), n. an arc of 
 the horizon intercepted between the 
 meridian of a place and the vertical 
 
 circle passing through the center of 
 a celestial body. 
 
 azote (az'ot), n. the old name for 
 nitrogen. 
 
 Aztec (az'tek), adj. pertaining to the 
 Aztec race. Also written Aztecan. 
 
 azure (azh'ur & a'zhur), adj. like the 
 blue of the sky ; cerulean : n. the 
 clear blue of the sky ; any pigment 
 of this color ; the blue tint expressed 
 in heraldry by horizontal shading. 
 
 azure-stone (azh'ur-st5n), n. the 
 lapis lazuli, from which genuine ul- 
 tramarine is made. 
 
 azurine (azh'ur-in), n. a greyish-blue 
 color. 
 
 azurite (azh'u-rit), n. blue carbonate 
 of copper ; blue malachite or ches- 
 sylite ; lazulite. 
 
 azzimina (at-si-me'na), a mode of 
 decoration by damaskeening in gold 
 and silver, &c. 
 
 ate, arro, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
baa (ba), v.i. to cry, as a sheep; 
 bleat: n. the cry or bleating of a 
 sheep. 
 
 Baalism (ba/al-izm), n. the worship 
 of Baal ; gross idolatry. 
 
 bab (bab), n. a fishing bob: v.i. [p.t. 
 & p.p. babbed, p.pr. babbing], to fish 
 .with a bob. 
 
 baba (ba'ba), n. an Eastern title of 
 respect. 
 
 Babbitt-metal (bab'it-met-al), n. 
 an anti-friction alloy of copper, tin, 
 and zinc, used in crank and axle 
 bearings, &c. 
 
 babble (bab'bl), v.i. to utter indis- 
 tinct or imperfect sounds ; prattle ; 
 talk childishly ; murmur continu- 
 ously : v.t. to utter ; prate ; repeat 
 unintelligently ; tell secrets : n. un- 
 meaning or foolish talk ; a confused 
 murmur. 
 
 babbler (bab'ler), n. one who bab- 
 bles ; a dog that gives tongue too 
 frequently when on scent. 
 
 babe (bab), n. [pi. babes (babz)], an 
 infant or young child of either sex. 
 
 babiroussa or babirussa (bab-i- 
 roo'sa), n. the wild hog of Eastern 
 Asia. Written also babyroussa, 
 babyrussa. 
 
 bablab (bab'la) or babul (ba-bool'), 
 n. the rind of the legume of an East 
 Indian species of the acacia, con- 
 taining gallic acid and tannin. 
 
 baboon (ba-boon'), n. the popular 
 name of a large division of monkeys, 
 which inhabit Africa and Arabia, 
 and are characterized by a long dog- 
 like snout, large canine teeth, great 
 head, rudimentary tail, large callosi- 
 ties on the hips, and capacious cheek 
 pouches ; an epithet of contempt. 
 
 baboonery (ba-boon'er-i), n. [pi. 
 babooneries, (-iz)], a collection Of 
 baboons ; behavior or conduct like 
 that of a baboon. 
 
 baboonish (ba-boon'ish), adj. like a 
 baboon. 
 
 baboosjh. or baboncbe (ba-boosh'), 
 n. a kind of loose slipper worn in 
 Oriental countries. Also written 
 pabouche. 
 
 babuina (bab-u-fna), n. a female 
 baboon. 
 
 babul. See bablah. 
 
 baby (ba'bi), n. [pi. babies ('biz)], 
 an infant of either sex ; a small 
 child: adj. pertaining to an infant 
 or young child: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 babied, p.pr. babying], to treat or 
 fondle like a baby or young child; 
 to keep dependent. 
 
 baby-farm (ba'bi-farm), n. a place 
 where young children are put out 
 for nursing. 
 
 babyish (ba'bi-ish), adj. childish. 
 
 babyism (ba'bi-izm), n. the charac- 
 teristics of a baby ; a childish man- 
 ner of speech. 
 
 Babylonian (bab-i-16'ni-an), adj. 
 pertaining to Babylonia; magnifi- 
 cent ; luxurious. Also Babylonish. 
 
 bacca (bak'a), n. a berry; any fleshy 
 fruit ; a one-celled fruit with a soft 
 outer envelope, and with naked 
 seeds immersed in pulp. 
 
 baccalaureate (bak-a-law're-at), n. 
 the degree of Bachelor of. Arts, Sci- 
 ence, &c. : adj. pertaining to the 
 degree of Bachelor. 
 
 baccarat (bak-a-ra/), n. a French 
 card game played between a banker 
 and an unlimited number of betters 
 with one or more packs of cards. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue. hut: think, then. 
 
bac 
 
 bac 
 
 baccate (bak'at) or baccated 
 (-ted), adj. having many berries. 
 
 bacchanal (bak'a-nal) or baccha- 
 nalian (bak-a-na'li-an), adj. in- 
 dulging in or characterized by 
 drunken revelry ; drunken : n. a vo- 
 tary of Bacchus ; a drunken rev- 
 eler ; a drunken feast. 
 
 baccbantic (ba-kan'tik), adj. of or 
 resembling a bacchanal ; noisy ; jo- 
 vial. 
 
 baccbic (bak'ik) or baccbical 
 ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to Bacchus 
 or the feasts in his honor ; riotous, 
 or mad with drink. 
 
 bachelor (bach'el-er), n. one who 
 has taken the lowest university de- 
 gree in any faculty ; an unmarried 
 man. 
 
 bachelor's-buttons (bach'el-erz- 
 but'unz), n.pl. the name popularly 
 given to several flowering plants 
 whose blossoms somewhat resemble 
 buttons. 
 
 bacillaria (bas-i-la'ri-a), n. a genus 
 of microscopic diatoms. 
 
 bacillary (bas'i-la-ri), adj. consist- 
 ing of bacilli. 
 
 bacillian (ba-sil'i-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or of the nature of, a bacil- 
 lus. 
 
 bacillicide (ba-sil'i-sid),w. an agent 
 employed for destroying bacilli. 
 
 bacilliculture (ba-sil'i-kul-tur), n. 
 the culture of bacilli in animal or 
 vegetable infusions for scientific re- 
 search. 
 
 bacillus (ba-sil'us), n. [pi. bacilli 
 ('i), a genus of microscopic vege- 
 table organisms commonly known 
 as bacteria, having slender rod-like 
 jointed bodies or filaments, and pos- 
 sessing the power of constant move- 
 ment, present in many ferments, in 
 all stages of putrefaction, and asso- 
 ciated with the earliest stages of ma- 
 lignant or zymotic disease. 
 
 back or bac (bak), n. a flat-bot- 
 tomed ferry-boat, especially one 
 adapted for carrying vehicles ; a 
 large cistern or vat used by brew- 
 ers, &c, for liquids. 
 
 back (bak), n. the hinder part of the 
 body in man, or in other animals 
 the upper portion ; the whole region 
 of the spine, extending from the 
 
 base of the neck to the buttocks; 
 the dorsal region of a fish ; that 
 which is opposed to the front; the 
 rear or hinder part of anything ; 
 the part of a tool or weapon op- 
 posed to the edge : adj. lying or 
 being behind or in the rear, as to 
 time, situation, or direction ; in a 
 backward direction : adv. into or 
 toward the rear ; to or toward a for- 
 mer or original place, state, or con- 
 dition ; to or toward times past ; 
 not advancing; in a state of hin- 
 drance or restraint; in withdrawal 
 or retirement; away; in return; 
 again : v.t. to furnish with a back 
 or backing; get upon the back of 
 or mount ; second or support ; bet 
 or wager ; sign or indorse ; put 
 backward or cause to recede: v.i. 
 to move or go backward. 
 
 back-rent (bak'rent), n. arrears of 
 rent; rent paid after reaping the 
 first crop by a tenant entering on 
 a lease. 
 
 back-rest (bak'rest), n. a guide at- 
 tached to the slide-rest of a lathe, 
 and placed in contact with the work 
 to steady it. 
 
 back-settlement ( bak-set'1-ment ) , 
 ra.an outlying or partially reclaimed 
 portion of a country beginning to 
 be cultivated. 
 
 back-settler (bak-set'ler), n. one 
 living in the outlying districts of a 
 settlement. 
 
 backbite (bak'bit), v.t. [p.t. backbit, 
 p.p. backbit & backbitten, p.pr. 
 backbiting], to slander or speak evil 
 of in absence : v.i. to censure absent 
 persons. 
 
 backboard (bak'bord), n. a board to 
 support the back ; a thin wooden 
 backing used for picture frames, 
 mirrors, &c. 
 
 backbone (bak'bon), n. the bone of 
 the back ; the vertebral column of 
 animals ; that which serves as a 
 backbone ; hence, firmness or de- 
 cision of character. 
 
 backer (bak'er), n. one who sus- 
 tains or abets another; especially 
 one who bets in favor of a person 
 or ainmal in a contest. 
 
 backgammon (bak-gam'un), n. a 
 game played by two persons upon 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 D.7. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bac 
 
 bad 
 
 a table or board made for the pur- 
 pose, with fifteen pieces each, and 
 dice-boxes and dice. 
 
 background (bak'ground) ,n. ground 
 in the rear ; the distant portion of 
 a landscape ; the portion of a pic- 
 ture furthest from the spectator ; 
 that which is dimly seen ; a subordi- 
 nate position ; a place of retirement 
 or reserve. 
 
 backhand (bak'hand), n. writing 
 which slopes backward or to the 
 left. 
 
 backhanded (bak'han-ded), adj. 
 with the hand turned backward ; 
 
 ' unfair ; indirect ; ambiguous ; slop- 
 ing backward. 
 
 backing (bak'ing), n. something 
 placed behind to support or 
 strengthen ; aid or support given to 
 a person or cause. 
 
 backsheesh or backshish. See 
 bakshish. 
 
 backside (bak'sid), n. the hind part 
 of anything or that which is op- 
 posed to the front ; the hind part of 
 an animal. 
 
 backslide (bak-slm"), v.i. [p.t. back- 
 slid, backslided, p.p. backslid, back- 
 slidden, backslided, p.pr. backslid- 
 ing], to slide back; fall off or away 
 from ; apostatize. 
 
 backs tair (bak'star) or back- 
 stairs ('starz), n. stairs in the 
 back part of a house; stairs for pri- 
 vate use : adj. indirect ; underhand ; 
 secret ; intriguing. 
 
 backstays (bak'staz), n.pl. long 
 ropes extending from the masthead 
 to the side of the ship, slanting a 
 little aft, to assist the shrouds in 
 supporting the mast. 
 
 backsxrord (bak'sord), n. a sword 
 with one sharp edge ; a stick with 
 a basket handle used in the game 
 of singlestick. 
 
 backward (bak'werd) or back- 
 wards (-werdz), adv. with the 
 back foremost j toward the back ; 
 in a contrary or reverse manner, 
 way, or direction; toward past 
 times or events ; from a better to a 
 worse state. 
 
 backward (bak'werd), adj. directed 
 to the back or rear; unwilling; re- 
 luctant ; hesitating ; slow ; behind 
 
 in learning or progress ; behind in 
 time. 
 
 backwater (bak'waw-ter), n. water 
 caused to flow backwards by ob- 
 struction of its course ; accumula- 
 tion of water overflowing lowlands, 
 caused by obstruction; water held 
 back by a dam or weir ; water 
 thrown back by the turning of a 
 water-wheel or the paddles of a 
 steamer. 
 
 backwoods (bak-woodz'), n.pl. for- 
 ests or partially cleared land situ- 
 ated far from the centers of popula- 
 tion. 
 
 bacon (ba'kn), n. hog's flesh salted 
 or pickled and dried, usually in 
 smoke. 
 
 bacteria (bak-te'ri-a), n.pl. of bac- 
 terium. 
 
 bacteriological (bak-te-ri-o-loj'i- 
 kal), adj. of or pertaining to bac- 
 teriology. 
 
 bacteriologist (bak-te-ri-ol'o-jist), 
 n. a student of bacteriology. 
 
 bacteriology (bak-te-ri-ol'o-ji), n. 
 the scientific investigation or study 
 of bacteria. 
 
 bacterioscopy ( bak-te-ri-os'ko-pi ) , 
 n. the examination of bacteria by 
 the microscope. 
 
 bacterium (bak-te'ri-um), n. [pi. 
 bacteria (-a)], a microscopic or- 
 ganism of various forms and shapes'; 
 a disease germ. 
 
 bad (bad), adj. [compar. worse, su- 
 perl. worst], the opposite of good; 
 evil ; ill ; wicked ; depraved ; vicious ; 
 pernicious ; corrupting ; hurtful ; 
 offensive; noxious, physically or 
 morally ; defective ; worthless ; un- 
 happy ; unfortunate. 
 
 bad-form (bad'form), n. that which 
 is bad ; not very refined ; somewhat 
 vulgar. 
 
 badderlocks (bad'er-loks), n. a large 
 dark green edible seaweed. 
 
 badelaire (ba-de-lar'), n. a curved 
 sword used as a heraldic bearing. 
 
 badge (baj), n. a mark, sign, or 
 token, or cognizance to denote the 
 occupation, allegiance, association, 
 or achievements of the person by 
 whom it is displayed; the mark or 
 token of anything; a carved orna- 
 ment on the stern of a vessel. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bad 
 
 bai 
 
 badger (baj'er), n. a plantigrade car- 
 nivorous mammal, of nocturnal hab- 
 its ; an artist's brush of badger's 
 hair : v.t. to worry or annoy, as a 
 badger when baited ; pester ; per- 
 sistently assail. 
 
 badger-baiting (baj'er-ba'ting), n. 
 a cruel sport formerly practiced of 
 assailing a badger placed in a barrel 
 with dogs. 
 
 badger-dog (baj'er-dog), n. another 
 name for the dachshund. 
 
 badiaga (bad-i-a'ga), n. a seaweed, 
 the powder of which is used for re- 
 moving discoloration caused by 
 bruises. 
 
 badinage (bad'i-naj & ba-de-nazh'), 
 n. light or playful raillery or banter. 
 
 badly (bad'li), adv. wickedly; griev- 
 ously ; ! unskilfully ; defectively ; ill. 
 
 badminton ( bad'min-tun ) , n. an out- 
 door game similar to tennis, but 
 played with shuttlecocks ; a kind of 
 claret-cup. 
 
 badness (bad'nes), n. the state of 
 being wicked or vicious ; depravity. 
 
 baffle (baf'l), v.t. to elude or circum- 
 vent by artifice or the interposition 
 of obstacles ; foil or check ; defeat ; 
 frustrate ; thwart ; subject to indig- 
 nities. 
 
 bag (bag), n. a sack ; a pouch ; a wal- 
 let ; a receptacle for holding any- 
 thing; that which is contained in a 
 bag, or the result of a day's sport ; 
 a sack or receptacle in animal bod- 
 ies, containing a fluid or other sub- 
 stance ; a definite quantity of cer- 
 tain commodities : v.t. to enclose in 
 a bag ; distend ; swell ; secure or 
 capture, as game ; steal : v.i. to 
 bulge; hang down like a full bag. 
 
 bagasse (ba-gas'), n. sugar-cane 
 refuse as delivered from the crush- 
 ing mill. 
 
 bagatelle (bag-a-tel'), n. a trifle; a 
 game played on a nine-holed board, 
 baized and cushioned, with a cue and 
 nine balls. 
 
 baggage ( bag'aj ) , n. the tents, cloth- 
 ing, utensils, &c, of an army or ex- 
 peditionary force on the march ; the 
 trunks, bags, and other impedimenta 
 or baggage of a traveler : n. an im- 
 moral woman; a coquettish or frol- 
 icsome girl. 
 
 baggala (bag'a-la), n. Arab trading 
 vessel with two masts. 
 
 bagging (bag'ing), n. the act of put- 
 ting into bags ; coarse cloth or other 
 material used for bags ; filtration 
 through canvas bags. 
 
 baggy (bag'i), adj. having a loose or 
 flabby appearance ; swelled or puffed 
 out. 
 
 bagnio (ban'yo), n. a bath-house; a 
 brothel ; an oriental prison. 
 
 bagpipe (bag'pip), n. a shrill-toned 
 musical instrument, consisting of a 
 leathern wind-bag from which air is 
 forced by the performer's elbow into 
 pipes, one (the chanter) giving the 
 melody. [Commonly used in pi.} 
 
 bah (ba), inter j. an exclamation ex- 
 pressing incredulous contempt or 
 disgust. 
 
 bail (bal), v.t. to set free or liberate 
 from arrest on security for reappear- 
 ance ; to deliver, as goods, in trust, 
 on contract expressed or implied 
 that the person entrusted shall re- 
 turn or account for the same : n. the 
 person or persons who provide se- 
 curity for the release of a prisoner ; 
 the security tendered, or accepted. 
 
 bail (bal), v.t. to free from water by 
 dipping; to lade out with a bucket 
 or other utensil, as in a boat : n. 
 a bent or arched handle of a pail or 
 kettle; a half-hoop supporting the 
 cover or tilt of a wagon ; one of the 
 two small sticks, 4 in. long, which 
 are laid across the tops of cricket 
 stumps. 
 
 bailee (ba-le'), n. the person to whom 
 goods are committed in trust. 
 
 bailer. See bailor. 
 
 bailiff (ba'lif), n. a. sheriff's officer 
 who serves processes, &c. ; any 
 subordinate civil officer ; an overseer 
 or under-steward on an estate. 
 
 bailiwick (ba'li-wik), n. the district 
 within which a bailiff has jurisdic- 
 tion. 
 
 bailment (bal'ment), n. a delivery 
 of goods in trust to another; the 
 action of becoming surety for one in 
 custody. 
 
 bailor (ba'ler) or bailer (ba'ler), 
 n. one who delivers goods to another 
 in bailment. 
 
 bairn (barn), n. a child [Scotch]. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bai 
 
 bait (bat), v.t. to harass or provoke, 
 as by the setting on of dogs ; worry ; 
 torment, for sport ; annoy persistent- 
 ly ; prepare a hook, trap, or snare 
 by covering it with food or other 
 substance ; give food and drink to 
 upon a journey : v.i. to take food or 
 drink upon a journey : n. any sub- 
 stance used to entice or allure fish 
 or other animals with a view to cap- 
 ture ; an allurement ; temptation ; 
 refreshment taken on a journey. 
 
 baize (baz), n. a coarse woolen stuff, 
 with a nap on one side. 
 
 bake (bak), v.t. to cook or prepare 
 ' food by subjection to dry heat in a 
 closed place, as an oven ; to dry and 
 harden by heat : v.i. to do the work 
 of baking ; become hard by heat : n. 
 the result of baking, as a clam bake. 
 
 baker (ba'ker), n. one whose busi- 
 ness is to make bread, biscuits, &c. 
 
 bakery (ba'ker-i), n. [pi. bakeries 
 -iz)], a place used for bread-mak- 
 ing; a baker's shop. 
 
 baking (ba'king), n. the quantity of 
 anything baked at the same time; a 
 batch. 
 
 bakshish, bakhshish, or bak- 
 sheesh (bak'shesh), n. an Eastern 
 term for a present or gratuity. 
 
 balance (bal'ans), n. an instrument 
 for determining the weight of 
 bodies ; a pair of scales ; a steel- 
 yard ; a spring balance ; the act of 
 weighing mentally ; equilibrium ; 
 equipoise ; equality ; an equality be- 
 tween the two sides of an account ; 
 the excess shown on either side ; the 
 sum or weight necessary to make 
 two unequal sums or weights equal : 
 v.t. to weigh ; compare ; bring to a 
 state of equipoise ; keep in equilib- 
 rium ; poise ; equal or make equal ; 
 counterbalance ; adjust or settle ; to 
 examine and compare accounts : v.i. 
 to have equal weight ; be in equi- 
 poise ; be employed in the adjust- 
 ment of accounts. 
 
 balance of trade (bal'ans of trad), 
 n. the difference between the imports 
 and exports of a country. 
 
 balance-reef (bal'ans-ref), n. a reef- 
 band crossing a sail diagonally. 
 
 balance-sheet (bal'ans-shet), n. a 
 
 bal 
 
 statement of the assets and liabili- 
 ties of a business. 
 
 balance-wheel (bal'ans-hwel), n. a 
 wheel in a watch chronometer) 
 which regulates the beats. 
 
 balancer (bal'an-ser), n. one who, 
 or that which, keeps anything in 
 equilibrium ; an acrobat : pi. the or- 
 gans placed under the wings of cer- 
 tain insects to balance the body. 
 
 balata (ba-la'ta), n. the dried gum 
 of the bully-tree, similar to india- 
 rubber, and used for insulating elec- 
 tric wires. 
 
 balayense bal-a-yez'), n. plaited 
 muslin or lace inserted at the bot- 
 tom of a dress to protect it from 
 the ground. 
 
 balconet (bal-ko-nef ), n. a slightly 
 projecting low^ ornamental railing 
 to a door or window. 
 
 balconied (bal'ko-nid), adj. having a 
 projecting exterior platform or in- 
 terior gallery. 
 
 balcony (bal'ko-ni), n. [pi. balco- 
 nies (-niz)], a platform or gallery 
 projecting from the wall of a build- 
 ing, enclosed by a balustrade or 
 parapet. 
 
 bald (bawld), adj. without the natu- 
 ral or usual covering to the head or 
 summit ; unadorned ; bare ; literal ; 
 undisguised ; having a white spot or 
 patch on the head; bald-faced. 
 
 bald-head (bawld'hed), n. a man 
 bald on the head. 
 
 balderdash (bawl'der-dash), n. a 
 nonsensical jumble of words ; silly 
 talk or writing; a worthless mix- 
 ture. 
 
 baldric or baldrick (bawl'drik), n. 
 a broad belt, often richly orna- 
 mented, worn round the waist, or 
 over one shoulder and across the 
 breast. 
 
 bale ( bal ) , n. a large bundle or pack- 
 age of goods : v.t. to make up into 
 a bale or bales ; to lade out as water. 
 
 bale (bal), n. woe; calamity^, mis- 
 chief. 
 
 baleen (ba-len'), n. whalebone in its 
 natural condition ; the horny elastic 
 material fringing the jaws of right 
 whales. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bal 
 
 bal 
 
 bale-fire (bal'fir), n. a beacon or 
 signal-fire ; a bonfire ; a funeral 
 pyre. 
 
 baleful (bal'fool), adj. replete with 
 deadly or malign influence ; full of 
 woe ; direful ; predicative of disas- 
 ter. 
 
 balefully (-li), adv. calamitously; 
 miserably. 
 
 balise or balize (ba-lez'), n. a sea- 
 mark or beacon, consisting of a 
 pole or buoy surmounted by a flag 
 or other object. 
 
 balk or baulk (bawk), n. a strip 
 or ridge of land left unplowed ; a 
 thick heavy piece of timber ; a bar- 
 rier or check ; frustration or disap- 
 pointment : v.t. to thwart, check, or 
 disappoint : v.i. to stop short, or 
 swerve ; to signify the position of 
 herring or pilchard shoals from a 
 height, and indicate their position 
 to the fishermen. 
 
 ball ,( bawl ) , n. a round body ; any 
 mass resembling a sphere ; a spheri- 
 cal body used for play ; a bullet ; any 
 roundish part of the body ; a game 
 played with a ball ; the globe or 
 earth : v.t. to make into a ball : v.i. 
 to form or gather into a ball, ball- 
 bearing (bawl'bar-ing), n. a bear- 
 ing containing loose balls of metal 
 to reduce friction. 
 
 ball (bawl), n. a dance; a social as- 
 sembly of persons of both sexes for 
 the purpose of dancing. 
 
 ballad (bal'ad), n. a short narrative 
 poem, adapted for reciting or sing- 
 ing. 
 
 ballast (bal'ast), n. weighty mate- 
 rial carried by a ship to ensure sta- 
 bility ; sand carried in the car of a 
 balloon to steady it ; gravel or rub- 
 ble filling the space between the 
 sleepers of a railway ; that which 
 imparts stability to the character : 
 v.t. to place ballast in or on; im- 
 part steadiness to. 
 
 ballast age (bal'as-taj), n. a toll 
 paid for leave to take ballast. 
 
 ballet (bal'a), n. a theatrical repre- 
 sentation in which a story is told, 
 and actions, characters, and pas- 
 sions represented by gestures, ac- 
 companied by music and dancing ; 
 
 the company of persons who per- 
 form the ballet. 
 
 ballistic (bal-lis'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the scientific construction 
 and use of projectiles. 
 
 ballistics (bal-is'tiks), n. the science 
 of the motion of projectiles. 
 
 ballon d'essai (ba-long da-se'), a 
 balloon used to test the direction of 
 air currents ; hence a feeler to test 
 public opinion. 
 
 balloon (bal-loon'), n. a large bag 
 of prepared silk or other material, 
 which, when inflated by hydrogen 
 gas or heated air, ascends and floats 
 in the atmosphere ; a round vessel 
 with a short neck used in distilla- 
 tion. 
 
 balloon- jib (bal-loon'jib), n. a tri- 
 angular sail used by yachts in a 
 slight breeze. 
 
 ballooning (bal-loon'ing), n. the art 
 or practice of managing balloons or 
 making balloon ascents. 
 
 balloonist (bal-loo'nist), n. one who 
 makes or ascends in a balloon ; an 
 aeronaut. 
 
 ballot (bal'ot), n. a ball, ticket, or 
 paper by which a vote is registered ; 
 the system of secret voting by the 
 use of balls, tickets, or papers ; elec- 
 tion by secret vote ; also the total 
 number of votes cast or recorded : 
 
 ■ v.i. to vote or decide by secret vote. 
 
 balm (bam), n. the oily aromatic 
 exudation of certain trees or shrubs, 
 used for healing or soothing ; bal- 
 sam ; anything which heals, or that 
 soothes pain ; an odoriferous tree or 
 shrub yielding balm. 
 
 balm of gilead (of gil'e-ad), n. the 
 name of various kinds of fragrant 
 resins, as that of the evergreen tere- 
 binth tree of Arabia. 
 
 balmily (bam'i-li), adv. in a sooth- 
 ing manner ; fragrantly. 
 
 balminess (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being soothing or refresh- 
 ingly fragrant. 
 
 balmoral (bal-mor'al), adj. & n. the 
 name given to various strong arti- 
 cles of dress, as a petticoat, or lace 
 up boots. 
 
 balmy (bam'i), adj. having the quali- 
 ties of balm ; soft ; fragrant ; re- 
 freshing. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
Ua7 
 
 ban 
 
 balsam (bawl'sam), n. an oily, aro- 
 matic, resinous substance obtained 
 from certain trees or shrubs, and 
 used medicinally or in perfumery ; 
 balm ; the name applied to several 
 trees, shrubs, or plants yielding bal- 
 sam, as the balsam-tree ; anything 
 soothing or healing. 
 
 balsamic (bawl-sam'ik) or bal- 
 samical (-al), adj. having the 
 qualities of, or yielding, balsam; 
 soft; soothing; healing. 
 
 baluster (bal'us-ter), n. a small col- 
 umn or pilaster to support the rail 
 of a parapet or balustrade. 
 
 balustrade (bal-us-trad'), n. a series 
 • of small columns or pilasters, sur- 
 mounted by a top-rail or coping, 
 serving as a parapet or protective 
 railing, staircase, &c. 
 
 balzarine (bal'za-rin), n. a dress 
 fabric of wool and cotton. 
 
 bam (bam), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bammed, 
 p.pr. bamming], to bamboozle; 
 cheat; wheedle: n. an imposition; 
 a cheat ; a hoax. 
 
 bambino (bam-be'n5), n. [pi. bam- 
 bini ('ne)L a child or baby; a fig- 
 ure or the infant Christ wrapped in 
 swaddling clothes: exhibited in 
 many Roman Catholic churches 
 from Christmas to Epiphany. 
 
 bamboo (bam-boo'), n. the name of 
 certain tropical grasses having thick- 
 jointed stems of exceeding hardness, 
 and attaining to a height of from 20 
 to 120 ft.; a stick or cane: v.t. to 
 flog with a bamboo rod. 
 
 bamboozle ( bam-boo'zl ) , v.t. to hoax; 
 deceive by trickery ; mystify ; hum- 
 bug : v.i. to practice cheating. 
 
 ban (ban), n. in feudal times a public 
 proclamation, or summons to arms ; 
 an edict of proscription or interdic- 
 tion ; prohibition ; excommunica- 
 tion ; curse ; anathema : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. banned; p.pr. banning], to 
 curse ; to interdict or prohibit ; to 
 place under a ban. 
 
 ban (ban), n. the title of the gov- 
 ernor of Croatia and Slavonia as 
 viceroy of the Austrian emperor. 
 
 banana (ba-na'na), n. a tropical her- 
 baceous plant, closely allied to the 
 plantain ; its soft, luscious fruit, 
 which furnishes a nutritious and 
 
 important article of food in tropi- 
 cal countries. 
 
 banate (ban'at), n. the territory 
 ruled by a ban: the office itself. 
 
 band (band), n. that which binds to- 
 gether ; that which connects ; that 
 which encircles, supports, or re- 
 strains ; a fillet ; strap ; tie ; shackle 
 or fetter ; collar ; ligature ; a driving 
 belt ; a company of persons united 
 by a common object ; a body of sol- 
 diers ; a company of musicians form- 
 ing an orchestra, a military or other 
 band : v.t. to unite in a troop, com- 
 pany, or confederacy : v.i. to asso- 
 ciate or unite for some common pur- 
 pose. 
 
 bandage (ban'daj), n. a roller of 
 cotton or other material used in 
 dressing and binding up wounds, 
 &c. ; a band or ligature : v.t. to dress 
 or bind with a bandage. 
 
 bandala (ban-da'la), n. manila white 
 rope. 
 
 bandana or bandanna (ban-dan'a), 
 n. a large silk or cotton handker- 
 chief, dyed red, blue, or yellow, with 
 white or yellow spots; a style of 
 calico printing in imitation of the 
 bandana. 
 
 bandbox (band'boks), n. a light box 
 of pasteboard, &c, for holding bon- 
 nets. 
 
 bandeau (ban-do'), n. [pi. bandeaux 
 (-doz')], a ribbon worn over the 
 forehead. 
 
 banded (ban'ded), p.adj. allied; 
 confederated ; having bands ; marked 
 by stripes of different color or ma- 
 terial ; having a band differing in 
 tincture from the garb. 
 
 bandelet. Same as bandlet. 
 
 bander ilia ( ban-de-rel'ya ) , n. a dart, 
 with a banderole attached, used in 
 bull fights to exasperate the bull. 
 
 banderole (ban'de-rol) or bande- 
 rol (-rol), n. a little flag or stream- 
 er ; a small flag carried at the head 
 of a lance or mast. 
 
 bandicoot (ban'di-koot), n. a large 
 • rat, native of India and Ceylon, 
 very destructive to rice fields and 
 gardens ; the name given to rat-like 
 marsupials of several species found 
 in Australia and Tasmania. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ban 
 
 ban 
 
 bandit (ban'dit), n. [pi. bandits 
 
 ('dits) & banditti (-dit'i)], an out- 
 law ; a brigand ; a robber ; a high- 
 wayman. 
 
 bandlet (band'let), n. a small band; 
 a little band or flat molding encir- 
 cling a column. 
 
 bandog (ban'dog), n. a large fierce 
 kind of dog usually kept chained; a 
 mastiff. 
 
 bandoleer (ban-do-ler'), n. a broad 
 leather belt, worn over the shoulder 
 and across the breast, for holding 
 ammunition. 
 
 bandoline (ban'do-lin), n. a gummy 
 perfumed substance used for im- 
 parting a gloss to the hair or for 
 fixing it in any position. 
 
 bandore (ban-dor' & ban'dor), n. an 
 ancient stringed instrument resem- 
 bling a zither. 
 
 bands aw (band'saw), n. an endless 
 steel saw running on pulleys. 
 
 bandy (ban'di), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ban- 
 died, p.pr. bandying], to throw 
 or beat to and fro, as a ball in 
 play ; toss from one to another ; 
 give and take : v.i. to contend ; 
 strive : n. a club bent at the end 
 for striking a ball ; a hockey-stick ; 
 a game played with such a club, 
 commonly called hockey : adj. bent ; 
 having a bend or crook outward. 
 
 bandy (ban'di), n. a kind of cart or 
 buggy used in India, drawn by oxen. 
 
 bane (ban), n. that which causes 
 death, ruin, or destruction, hence a 
 deadly poison, vice, or sin ; a dis- 
 ease (rot) in sheep. 
 
 baneful (ban'fool), adj. poisonous; 
 pernicious. 
 
 banefully (-li), adv. in a pernicious 
 manner ; destructively. 
 
 bang (bang), v.t. to beat, as with a 
 club or cudgel ; thump ; handle 
 roughly ; produce a loud sound by 
 or from (as, bang the door) ; sur- 
 pass or excel : v.i. to make a loud 
 noise ; thump violently : n. a heavy 
 blow ; a loud, sudden noise : adv. 
 with a sudden or violent blow ; ab- 
 ruptly. 
 
 bang (bang), n. [pi. bangz], hair cut 
 straight across the forehead so as 
 to form a fringe ; false hair so worn : 
 
 v.t. to cut the hair across the fore- 
 head so as to form a fringe. 
 
 bangle (bang'gl), n. an ornamental 
 ring worn upon the wrists and 
 ankles in India and Africa; a ring- 
 bracelet. 
 
 banian or banyan (ban-yan'), n. a 
 Hindu trader or merchant; a Ben- 
 gali native who manages money af- 
 fairs for Europeans ; a loose gown 
 for men, like that worn by the Hin- 
 dus. 
 
 banian-tree (-tre), n. the Indian 
 fig-tree, which spreads over a large 
 area by sending down shoots from 
 its branches ; these take root and 
 become new trunks. 
 
 banish (ban'ish), v.t. to condemn to 
 exile ; expel from the country as a 
 punishment ; drive away ; dispel from 
 the mind. 
 
 banishment (ban'ish-ment), n. the 
 act of expelling or driving away ; 
 the state of being expelled. 
 
 banister or bannister (ban'is-ter), 
 n. corrupt forms of baluster. 
 
 banjo (ban'jo), n. a musical instru- 
 ment, of from five to nine strings, 
 having a neck like a guitar, and a 
 circular body covered in front with 
 tightly-stretched parchment. 
 
 banjoist (ban'jo-ist), n. a performer 
 on the banjo. 
 
 bank (bangk), n. a. heap, mound, or 
 ridge of earth; any steep acclivity; 
 an elevation or rising ground be- 
 neath the sea or at the mouth of a 
 river, forming a shoal or shallow ; a 
 bench for rowers ; a tier of oars : 
 v.t. to enclose, defend, or fortify 
 with a bank ; pile or heap up. 
 
 bank (bangk), n. an establishment 
 for the custody, loan, exchange, or 
 issue of money ; the office of a bank- 
 ing company ; in certain games of 
 chance, the fund held against the 
 table: v.t. to deposit money in a 
 bank : v.i. to have an account with a 
 banker. 
 
 bank-bill (bangk'bil), n. a note or a 
 bill of exchange of a bank payable 
 on demand or at a future specified 
 time. 
 
 bank-book (bangk-book), n. the 
 pass-book kept by a depositor, in 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ban 
 
 which a cashier of the bank enters 
 the debits and credits. 
 
 bank-credit (bangk-kred'it), n. the 
 amount a person, on giving proper 
 security, is allowed to draw upon a 
 bank. 
 
 bank-note (bangk'not), n. a promis- 
 sory note issued by a legally author- 
 ized bank, payable on demand, and 
 forming part of the money currency. 
 
 bankable (bang'ka-bl), adj. receiv- 
 able by a bank. 
 
 banker (bang'ker), n. one who keeps 
 a bank ; one who traffics in money, 
 receives and remits money, nego- 
 tiates bills of exchange, &c. ; a ves- 
 • sel employed in the cod-fishery on 
 the banks of Newfoundland; the 
 stone bench on which masons cut 
 and square their work ; a ditcher. 
 
 banking (bang'king), n. the act of 
 raising a mound or bank ; fishing on 
 the banks of Newfoundland; the 
 loading of coals at the pit's mouth. 
 
 bankrupt (bangk'rupt), n. a person 
 legally declared to be unable to dis- 
 charge his liabilities ; an insolvent 
 debtor : adj. unable to meet one's 
 obligations ; insolvent : v.t. to make 
 or render insolvent : v.i. to exhaust 
 one's financial credit; become insol- 
 vent. 
 
 bankruptcy (bangk'rupt-si), n. [pi. 
 bankruptcies (-siz)], the state of 
 being legally insolvent, or unable to 
 pay all debts ; failure in trade. 
 
 banner (ban'er), n. a. piece of cloth 
 or silk attached to a pole or staff, 
 and usually worked with same device 
 or motto, heraldic or emblematical ; 
 an ensign, standard, or flag of a 
 country, state, or order. 
 
 bannock (ban'uk), n. a thick cake 
 made of oatmeal, barley-meal, or 
 pease-meal, and baked on an iron 
 plate or griddle. 
 
 banns (banz), n. pi. the proclama- 
 tion in church of an intended mar- 
 riage. 
 
 banquet (bang'kwet), n. a sumptu- 
 ous entertainment or feast : v.t. to 
 treat with a feast or rich entertain- 
 ment : v.i. to regale one's self sump- 
 tuously. 
 
 banquet or banquette (bang-ket'), 
 n. a bank running along the inside 
 
 bap 
 
 of a parapet, on which soldiers 
 stand to fire upon the enemy ; the 
 footway of a bridge when raised 
 above the carriage-way ; a side-walk. 
 
 banshee (ban'she), benshie (ben'- 
 she), or benshi, n. the female fairy 
 of Scotch and Irish legends, whose 
 visit foretold death. 
 
 bantam (ban'tam), n. a diminutive 
 breed of domestic fowl : adj. pertain- 
 ing to the bantam ; diminutive ; con- 
 sequential. 
 
 banter (ban'ter), v.t. to rail at good- 
 humoredly ; attack jestingly ; make 
 fun of : n. humorous raillery. 
 
 Bantingism (ban'ting-izm), n. a die- 
 tetic method to reduce weight, by 
 abstaining from fat-forming foods ; 
 introduced by William Banting of 
 London in 1864. 
 
 bantling (bant'ling), n. a young 
 child. 
 
 Bantu (ban'tu), n. a term sometimes 
 used to designate the languages of 
 South Africa. 
 
 banyan or banyan-tree. See ban- 
 ian. 
 
 baobab (ba'o-bab & ba'o-bab), n. an 
 African tree of huge size, called the 
 sour-gourd, or the cream-of-tartar 
 tree, largely used as an article of 
 food by the natives. 
 
 baptism (bap'tizm), n. the applica- 
 tion of water by an authorized ad- 
 ministrator, in the name of the Holy 
 Trinity, to a person, by sprinkling, 
 effusion, or immersion, constituting 
 the sacrament or rite by which he 
 is initiated into the visible church of 
 Christ. 
 
 baptismal (bap-tiz'mal), adj. per- 
 taining to the ceremonial application 
 of water or initiatory rite of the 
 Christian Church. 
 
 baptismally (-li), adv. in the man- 
 ner of, or by means of, baptism. 
 
 Baptist (bap'tist), n. one of a Chris- 
 tian denomination who baptize adult 
 believers only, and who maintain the 
 necessity for immersion. 
 
 baptistery (bap'tis-ter-i), or bap- 
 tistry (-tri), n. [pi. baptisteries 
 (-iz), -tries (-triz)], a building or 
 portion of a building in which the 
 rite of baptism is administered. 
 
 baptize (bap-tiz'), v.t. to administer 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
"bar 
 
 bar 
 
 the rite of baptism to ; admit to the 
 Christian Church by the ceremonial 
 application of water ; christen. 
 
 bar (bar), n. a piece of wood, metal, 
 or other solid matter, long in pro- 
 portion to its thickness ; anything 
 which impedes or obstructs ; a bank 
 of sand, gravel, &c, obstructing 
 navigation at the entrance to a har- 
 bor or mouth of a river ; the railing 
 enclosing the space occupied by 
 counsel in courts of justice ; the 
 place in court where prisoners are 
 stationed for trial, or sentence ; the 
 members of the legal profession col- 
 lectively, entitled to plead in court ; 
 any tribunal ; the portion of a hotel, 
 &c, where liquors are served out ; a 
 band or stripe; a line drawn ver- 
 tically through the staff of a piece 
 of music, dividing it into equal 
 measures of time ; the space and 
 notes enclosed by two such lines ; an 
 ordinary, similar to, but narrower 
 than, a fess, and filing one-fifth of 
 the heraldic field : v.t. [pt. & p.p. 
 barred: p.pr. barring], to fasten 
 with a bar ; to hinder ; obstruct ; ex- 
 clude. 
 
 barb (barb), n. that which resembles 
 a beard in lower animals ; a hair or 
 bristle ending in a double hook ; the 
 sharp point projecting backwards 
 from the extremity of an arrow, fish- 
 hook, &c. : v.t. to furnish with barbs. 
 
 barb (barb), n. a horse of the Bar- 
 bary breed, remarkable for speed, 
 endurance, and docility ; a short- 
 beaked pigeon of a breed originally 
 brought from Barbary. 
 
 barbarian (bar'ba/ri-an), n. a for- 
 eigner ; a man in a rude, savage 
 state : an uncivilized person ; a cruel, 
 savage, brutal man : adj. pertaining 
 to savages ; rude ; uncivilized ; inhu- 
 man. 
 
 barbaric (bar-bar'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to or characteristic of savage or 
 uncivilized people ; rude ; savage. 
 
 barbarism (bar'ba-rizm), n. an of- 
 fense against purity of style or lan- 
 guage ; an uncivilized state or condi- 
 tion ; a cruel or barbarous action ; 
 an outrage. 
 
 barbarity (bar-bar'i-ti), n. [pi. bar- 1 
 
 barities (-tiz)], the state of being 
 uncivilized ; cruelty ; inhumanity ; an 
 act of savage cruelty. 
 
 barbarize (bar'ba-riz), v.i. to adopt 
 a foreign or barbarous mode of 
 speech : v.t. to make barbarous. 
 
 barbarous (bar'ba-rus), adj. uncivil- 
 ized ; rude and ignorant ; contrary 
 to pure idiom ; savage ; cruel ; fero- 
 cious ; inhuman ; wild. 
 
 barbate (bar'bat), or barbated 
 ('ba-ted), adj. bearded; furnished 
 with long and weak hairs. 
 
 barbecue (bar'be-ku), n. a frame on 
 which all kinds of meat or fish are 
 roasted or smoke-dried ; the carcass 
 of an ox, hog, &c, roasted whole ; 
 a social or political entertainment 
 at which animals are roasted whole, 
 with appropriate surroundings : v.t. 
 to dress and roast whole. 
 
 barbel (bar'bel), n. a slender vermi- 
 form process appended to the lips of 
 certain fishes ; a European fresh- 
 water fish, having its upper jaw 
 furnished with four barbels. 
 
 barber (bar'ber), n. one whose occu- 
 pation is to shave the beard and cut 
 and dress the hair : v.t. to shave and 
 dress the hair of. 
 
 barbette (bar-bet'), n. the platform 
 or breastwork of a fortification, 
 from which cannon may be fired 
 over a parapet instead of through 
 the embrasures. 
 
 barbican (bar'bi-kan), n. a tower or 
 advanced work defending the en- 
 trance to a castle or city. 
 
 barbotine (bar'bo-tin), n. kaolin 
 clay, thinly mixed, used for orna- 
 menting pottery. 
 
 barbule (bar'bul), n. a very, minute 
 barb. 
 
 barcarole or barcarolle (bar'ka- 
 rol), n. a simple song or melody 
 sung by "Venetian gondoliers ; a piece 
 of music in imitation of such a 
 song. 
 
 bard ( bard ) , n. a poet and singer. 
 
 bard or barde (bard), n. one of the 
 ornaments and housings of a horse; 
 one of the pieces of defensive ar- 
 mor of a mediaeval war-horse. 
 
 bardic (bar'dik), adj. pertaining to 
 bards or to their poetry. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 
 
"bar 
 
 bar 
 
 bar dish (bar'dish), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of, bards. 
 
 bardism (bar'dizm), n. the methods, 
 maxims, and sentiments of bards. 
 
 bare (bar), adj. naked; with the head 
 uncovered ; unconcealed ; simple ; 
 unfurnished ; threadbare ; poor j 
 mere : v.t. to divest of covering. 
 
 barefaced (bar'fast), adj. with the 
 face uncovered ; undisguised ; shame- 
 less ; impudent. 
 
 barege (ba-razb/), n. thin gauze- 
 like fabric, usually of silk and wor- 
 sted. 
 
 bargain (bar'gan), n. an agreement 
 . or contract between two or more 
 parties with reference to the sale 
 or transfer of property ; a compact 
 or pledge mutually agreed upon ; the 
 thing purchased or stipulated for ; 
 that which is acquired or sold at a 
 low price; an advantageous pur- 
 chase : v.i. to make a contract or 
 agreement : v.t . to sell or transfer 
 for a consideration. 
 
 bargainee (bar-ga-ne'), n. the party 
 to whom a bargain and sale is 
 made. 
 
 bargainer or bargainor (bar'ga- 
 ner), n. one who stipulates or con- 
 tracts to sell or transfer to another 
 for a consideration. 
 
 barge (barj), n. a flat-bottomed ves- 
 sel employed in loading and unload- 
 ing ships, and for the conveyance of 
 goods on rivers and canals ; a vessel 
 of state. 
 
 barilla (ba-ril'a), n. an impure car- 
 bonate and sulphate of soda im- 
 ported from Spain and the Levant, 
 and obtained from the alkaline ashes 
 of certain plants. 
 
 barillet (bar'il-let), n. the cylindric- 
 al case containing the mainspring 
 of a watch. 
 
 baritone. See barytone. 
 
 barium (ba'ri-um), n. one of the ele- 
 mentary metals. 
 
 bark (bark), v.i. to utter a sharp, 
 short sound, as the cry of a dog ; to 
 cough : n. the sound or cry emitted 
 by dogs. 
 
 bark (bark), n. the exterior layer or 
 rind of woody stems or trunks ; Pe- 
 ruvian bark : v.t. to remove by strip- 
 ping. 
 
 bark or barque (bark), n. a three- 
 masted vessel having the fore- and 
 main-mast square-rigged, and the 
 mizzen-mast fore-and-aft rigged. 
 
 barkantine or barkentine (bar'- 
 kan-ten), n. a three-masted vessel 
 having the fore-mast square-rigged, 
 and the main- and mizzen-mast 
 fore-and-aft or schooner-rigged. 
 Also barquantine. 
 
 barking (bar'king), n. a sharp sound 
 like that of a dog ; coughing : n. the 
 process of stripping bark from trees ; 
 the process of tanning leather and of 
 dyeing with bark. 
 
 barky (bar'ki), adj. consisting of, or 
 covered with, bark. 
 
 barley (bar'li), n. the grain grown 
 and used chiefly for malting; the 
 plant which yields the grain. 
 
 barley-corn (bar'li-korn), n. a grain 
 of barley ; formerly a measure of 
 length equal to the third part of 
 an inch. 
 
 barm (barm), n. the foam rising 
 upon beer or other malt liquors 
 when fermenting, and used as leaven 
 in bread-making; yeast. 
 
 barmy (barm'i), adj. containing or 
 consisting of yeast; frothy. 
 
 barn (barn), n. a covered building for 
 the storage of grain or other farm 
 produce. 
 
 barn-owl (barn'oul), n. the white 
 or screech owl. 
 
 barnacle (bar'na-kl), n. a species of 
 wild goose, called barnacle or ber- 
 nicle goose ; a cirriped crustacean, 
 found adhering in groups or clusters 
 to rocks or to the bottoms of ships, 
 &c. ; an official who holds tenacious- 
 ly to his post : n.pl. an instrument 
 placed on a horse's nose to restrain 
 him while being shod, bled, or 
 dressed ; a pair of spectacles. 
 
 barogram (bar'o-gram), n. the 
 record traced by the barograph. 
 
 barograph (bar'o-graf ), n. an in- 
 strument recording automatically 
 variations in atmospheric pressure. 
 
 barology (ba-rol'o-gi), n. the science 
 of weight or gravity. 
 
 barometer (ba-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring the weight 
 or pressure of the atmosphere : used 
 for indicating the various changes 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bar 
 
 of weather, or to determine the alti- 
 tude of a particular place. 
 
 barometric (bar-o-met'rik), or bar- 
 ometrical ('ri-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, made with, or indicated by, 
 a barometer. 
 
 barometrically (-li), adv. by means 
 of a barometer. 
 
 baron (bar'un), n. the title of an 
 English peer of the lowest rank, 
 next below a viscount ; formerly the 
 title of the judges of the Court of 
 Exchequer. 
 
 baronage (bar'un-aj), n. the whole 
 body of barons ; the dignity or rank 
 of a baron. 
 
 baroness (bar'un-es), n. a baron's 
 wife ; a lady holding a baronial title 
 in her own right. 
 
 baronet (bar'un-et), n. a title of 
 hereditary rank or degree of honor 
 next below a baron and above a 
 knight. 
 
 baronetage (bar'un-et-aj), n. the 
 collective body of baronets ; the dig- 
 nity or rank of a baronet. 
 
 baronetcy (bar'un-et-si), n. the title 
 and dignity of a baronet. 
 
 baronial ( bar-o'ni-al ) , adj. pertain- 
 ing to a baron or a barony. 
 
 baronism (bar'un-izm), n. the feudal 
 system of government by barons. 
 
 barony (bar'un-i), n. [pi. baronies 
 (-iz)], the rank or dignity of a 
 baron ; the domain or lordship of a 
 baron ; a territorial di vision in Ire- 
 land, corresponding nearly to the 
 English hundred ; a large freehold 
 estate in Scotland. 
 
 baroque (ba-rok'), adj. grotesque; in 
 bad taste. 
 
 baroscope (bar'o-skop), n. an in- 
 strument for indicating variations in 
 the pressure of the atmosphere with- 
 out actual measurement of its 
 weight; a storm- or weather-glass. 
 
 barouche (ba-roosh'), n. a roomy, 
 four-wheeled carriage with a folding 
 or falling top. 
 
 barquantine. See barkantine. 
 
 barque. See bark. 
 
 barracan (bar'a-kan), n. a thick 
 strong stuff made of camel's hair. 
 
 barrack (bar'ak), n. a large build- 
 ing, or series of buildings, for the 
 lodgment of soldiers and officers ; a 
 
 bar 
 
 building or collection of huts within 
 an enclosure in which a body of 
 men are lodged [generally in the 
 pi.] 
 
 barratry (bar'a-tri), n. the practice 
 of vexatiously inciting and encourag- 
 ing to law-suits or litigation ; the 
 committal by a ship's master, officer, 
 or mariner, of an act of fraud, or 
 breach of duty, whereby the owners, 
 freighters, or insurers of the vessel 
 are defrauded or injured. 
 
 barred (bard), p. adj. furnished with 
 bars; obstructed; secured; striped. 
 
 barrel (bar'el), n. a vessel or cask, 
 cylindrical in form, bulging in the 
 middle, made of wooden staves bound 
 with hoops, and having flat ends or 
 heads; the quantity which a barrel 
 should contain ; anything resembling 
 a barrel in shape; a drum or cylin- 
 der ; a metallic tube. 
 
 barrel (bar'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bar- 
 reled, p.pr. barreling], to put or 
 pack in a barrel. 
 
 barren (bar'en), adj. incapable of 
 producing its kind; unproductive; 
 unfruitful ; sterile ; lacking ; devoid ; 
 profitless ; empty : n. an unproduc- 
 tive tract of land. 
 
 barricade (bar-ri-kad'), n. a fortifi- 
 cation constructed in haste of such 
 materials as are nearest to hand, 
 and which will serve to obstruct the 
 progress or attack of an enemy, or 
 shield a besieged party; .any bar or 
 obstruction : v.t. to obstruct or stop 
 up; fortify or enclose by a barri- 
 cade. 
 
 barrier (bar'i-er), n. anything which 
 hinders or obstructs; an obstacle to 
 progress, approach, or attack; an 
 enclosing fence or boundary wall ; a 
 limit or boundary. 
 
 barrier-reef (-ref), n. a reef of 
 coral encircling an island, or skirt- 
 ing the mainland, and enclosing an 
 open channel or lagoon. 
 
 barring (bar'ing), p.pr. as prep, ex- 
 cepting ; leaving out of account. 
 
 barrister (bar'is-ter), n. in England, 
 a member of the legal profession 
 qualified to plead at the bar ; in 
 Scotland, an advocate; counselor at 
 law. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bar 
 
 "bas 
 
 barrow (bar'o), n. a frame covered 
 with boards, and furnished with 
 handles at both ends, or with a pair 
 of wheels and handles or shafts at 
 one end ; a hand-barrow ; a shal- 
 low box, with a single wheel and 
 handles and supports ; a wheel-bar- 
 row; a mound of earth or heap of 
 stones forming an ancient or pre- 
 historic grave, constructed in various 
 forms. 
 
 bar-shot (bar'shot), n. double- 
 headed shot. 
 
 barter (bar'ter), v.t. to traffic or 
 trade by exchanging one commodity 
 for another : v.t. to give in ex- 
 change : n. trafficking by exchange 
 of commodities ; the thing given in 
 exchange. 
 
 bartizan (bar'ti-zan), n. a small 
 overhanging turret, with loopholes 
 or embrasures, projecting from the 
 top of a tower or wall. 
 
 barwise (bar'wiz), adv. horizontally. 
 
 bar wood (bar'wood), n. a red dye- 
 wood. 
 
 baryta (ba-ri'ta), n. the oxide of 
 barium. 
 
 barytes (ba-rl'tez), n. the native sul- 
 phate of barium. Also called heavy- 
 spar. 
 
 barytic (ba-rlt'Ik), adj. pertaining 
 to or containing baryta. 
 
 barytone or baritone (bar'i-ton), 
 adj. intermediate between bass and 
 tenor, as a male voice or instru- 
 ment : n. a person with a voice hav- 
 ing this range : adj. having the last 
 syllable unaccented : v.t. to leave the 
 last syllable unaccented. 
 
 barytone-clef (-kief), n. the F clef 
 on the middle line of the bass staff. 
 
 basal (bas'al), adj. pertaining to or 
 forming the base ; fundamental : n. 
 a basal part. 
 
 basalt (ba-sawlf & bas'awlt), n. an 
 igneous rock of greenish black color, 
 and composed of feldspar, augite, 
 titaniferous iron, and frequently 
 olivine. 
 
 basaltic (ba-sawl'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to or formed of basalt. 
 
 basanite (bas'a-nlt), n. a black sili- 
 ceous rock or jasper ; Lydian stone ; 
 touchstone. v 
 
 bas-blen (ba-ble'), n. a blue-stock- 
 ing ; a literary woman. 
 
 bascule (bas'kul), n. a mechanical 
 arrangement on the see-saw prin- 
 ciple by which the lowering of one 
 end raises the other. 
 
 base (bas), adj. worthless; spurious ; 
 of mean spirit ; morally abject ; 
 deep or grave in sound (commonly 
 bass). 
 
 base (bas), n. the part of a thing on 
 which it rests ; a foundation or 
 groundwork ; that which combines 
 with an acid to form a salt ; the line 
 or surface forming that part of a 
 figure on which it is supposed to 
 stand ; a fortified line from which 
 the operations of an army proceed ; 
 a starting place ; the lower part of a 
 heraldic field : v.t. to lay a founda- 
 tion. 
 
 baseball (bas'bawl), a game of ball 
 played by nine on a side ; ball used 
 in playing baseball. 
 
 base-born (bas'born), adj. born out 
 of wedlock ; of low or mean paren- 
 tage ; mean. 
 
 baseman (bas'man), n. [pi. basemen 
 ('men)], a player placed at base- 
 ball at the first, second, and third 
 bases respectively. 
 
 basement (bas'ment), n. the lowest 
 part of a structure ; the lowest story 
 of a building. 
 
 bash. ( bash ) , v.t. to strike heavily ; to 
 knock out of shape. 
 
 bashaw (ba-shaw'), n. a pasha; a 
 magnate or grandee ; a bigwig. 
 
 bashful (bash'fool), adj. easily dis- 
 concerted ; modest to excess ; diffi- 
 dent ; shy. 
 
 bashfully (-li), adv. in -a bashful 
 manner. 
 
 bahsi-bazouk (bash'i-ba-zook'), n. 
 a volunteer or irregular in the Turk- 
 ish army. 
 
 bashlyk (bash'lik), n. a kind of hood 
 with long ends, worn in Russia. 
 
 basic (ba'sik), adj. pertaining to a 
 base ; fundamental ; performing the 
 office of a base in a salt. 
 
 basil (baz'il), n. a sheepskin tanned 
 with bark ; the name given to several 
 aromatic herbs used in cookery. 
 
 basil (baz'il), n. the angle to which 
 the cutting edge of a tool is ground : 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bas 
 
 bas 
 
 v.t. to grind or form the edge of to 
 an angle. 
 
 basilar (bas'i-lar), or basilary (-la- 
 ri), adj. pertaining to, or situated 
 at, the base. 
 
 basilic (ba-zil'ik), or basilical ('i- 
 kal ) , adj. kingly ; royal ; pertaining 
 to a basilica : n. the middle vein of 
 the arm. 
 
 basilica (ba-zil'i-ka), n. [pi. basilicas 
 (-kaz)], in ancient Rome, a public 
 hall of rectangular shape used for 
 judicial assemblies ; a church built 
 on such a plan. 
 
 basilicon (ba-zil'i-kon), n. an oint- 
 ment composed of yellow wax, black 
 pitch, resin, and olive oil. 
 
 basilisk (bas'i-lisk), n. a fabulous 
 creature, variously conceived as a 
 kind of serpent, lizard, or dragon, 
 and sometimes identified with the 
 cockatrice ; the name of a lizard 
 with an inflatable crest : adj. per- 
 taining to the basilisk ; penetrating 
 or malignant. 
 
 basin (ba'sn), n. a circular vessel for 
 holding water or other liquid ; a 
 pond, or dock, or other reservoir for 
 water ; the area drained by a river ; 
 a set of strata or stratified forma- 
 tions occupying a basin-shaped de- 
 pression in older rocks. 
 
 basis (ba'sis), n. [pi. bases ('sez)], a 
 foundation ; the groundwork or fun- 
 damental principle of anything. 
 
 bask (bask), v.i. to lie in warmth; 
 be exposed to genial heat ; be at ease 
 and thriving under benign in- 
 fluences : v.t. to warm by continued 
 exposure to heat. 
 
 basket (bas'ket), n. a vessel made of 
 rushes, or other flexible material, 
 plaited or interwoven ; as much as a 
 basket will.hold. 
 
 basketful (bas'ket-fool), n. [pi. bas- 
 ketfuls], as much as a basket will 
 carry." 
 
 basking-shark (bas'king-shark), n. 
 one of the largest of the sharks in- 
 habiting the northern seas ; it is 
 harmless, and has the habit of bask- 
 ing at the surface in the sun. 
 
 Basque (bask), adj. of, or pertain- 
 ing to, the Basque race or language : 
 
 basque (bask), n. sl kind of a wom- 
 an's jacket with a short skirt. 
 
 bas-relief (ba-re-lef), n. low relief; 
 a form of relief in which the figures 
 stand out very slightly from the 
 ground. Also spelled bass-relief, 
 basso-relievo, & basso-rilievo. 
 
 bass or basse (bas), n. the name of 
 various edible fishes allied to the 
 perch. 
 
 bass (bas), n. the American lime- 
 tree ; matting made from its bark ; 
 a hassock. 
 
 bass (bas), adj. low; deep; grave: n. 
 the lowest part in the harmony of a 
 musical composition ; the lowest 
 male voice, ranging from D below 
 the bass staff to D or E above it ; 
 one who sings bass. 
 
 bass-bar (bas'bar), n. a piece of 
 wood placed lengthwise inside 
 stringed instruments to resist the 
 pressure of the bridge. 
 
 bass clef (bas'klef), n. the character 
 placed at the beginning of the bass 
 staff. 
 
 bass korn (bas'horn), n. a modified 
 form of a clarionet. 
 
 bass staff (bas'staf), n. the staff on 
 which the notes of the bass of a 
 harmonized composition are written. 
 
 bass viol (bas'vil), n. a large 
 stringed instrument of the violin 
 class for playing bass. 
 
 basset (bas'et), v.i. to crop out at the 
 surface. 
 
 basset-horn (bas'et-h6rn), n. an in- 
 strument resembling a clarionet, but 
 of greater compass. 
 
 bassinet (bas'i-net), n. a wicker bas- 
 ket with a hood at one end. 
 
 basso (bas'o), adj. Italian for bass: 
 n. one who sings bass. 
 
 basso-prof ondo (-pro-fon'do), n. 
 the lowest bass voice ; a singer hav- 
 ing such a voice. 
 
 bassoon (bas-oon'), n. an instrument 
 of the reed kind. 
 
 bassoonist (bas-oon'ist), n. a per- 
 former on the bassoon. 
 
 basso-relievo. See bass-relief. 
 
 bassorin (bas'o-rin), or bassorine 
 (-rln), n. sl substance extracted 
 from gum tragacanth and some 
 other gums. 
 
 bast (bast), n. the tough inner fibrous 
 bark of various trees, especially of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bas 
 
 bat 
 
 the lime; rope or matting made 
 from this bark. 
 
 bastard (bas'tard), n. a child be- 
 gotten and born out of wedlock ; 
 an animal of inferior quality or 
 breed ; a kind of hawk formerly 
 used in falconry ; a coarse brown 
 sugar made from syrup previously 
 boiled : adj. begotten and born out 
 of lawful matrimony ; spurious ; 
 adulterate. 
 
 bastardize (bas'tar-diz), v.t. to 
 make or prove to be a bastard ; de- 
 clare to be illegitimate. 
 
 bastardy (bas'tar-di), n. the state 
 of being illegitimate, or born out of 
 lawful wedlock. 
 
 baste (bast), v.t. to beat with a 
 stick ; to drip or pour melted fat or 
 butter on meat while roasting ; to 
 sew slightly, or fasten with long 
 stitches, as in dressmaking. 
 
 bastile or bastille (bas-tel'), n. a 
 tower or fortification used for the 
 defense or siege of a fortified place ; 
 an old castle in Paris used as a 
 state prison, demolished by the 
 populace in 1789. 
 
 bastinado (bas-ti-na'do), n. an 
 Oriental mode of punishment, con- 
 sisting in beating an offender upon 
 the soles of his feet with a stick or 
 rod. Spelled also bastinade : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. bastinadoed ; p.pr. bas- 
 tinadoing], to beat the soles of the 
 feet with a stick or cudgel. 
 
 bastion (bas'chun), n. an earth- 
 work faced with brick or stone, 
 projecting from the angles of a 
 rampart, and having two flanks 
 and two faces. 
 
 basto (bas'to), n. the ace of clubs in 
 the card games of quadrille and 
 ombre. 
 
 bat ( bat ) , n. a heavy stick or club ; 
 the flattened club used in cricket or 
 similar games ; a batsman ; a part 
 of a brick with one end whole ; a 
 plate of flexible gelatine used to 
 print impressions on glaze ; bitumi- 
 nous shale : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. batted ; 
 p.pr. batting], to hit or strike: v.i. 
 to use or wield a bat in cricket or 
 baseball. 
 
 bat (bat), n. an insectivorous mam- 
 mal furnished with wings formed 
 
 by a membrane stretched between 
 the elongated fingers, legs, and tail. 
 
 batch (bach), n. the quantity of 
 bread baked at one time; a quanti- 
 ty of anything produced at one 
 operation; a group or collection of 
 similar things. 
 
 bate (bat), v.t. to lessen or reduce; 
 deduct. 
 
 bateau or batteau (ba-to'), n. [pi. 
 bateaux, batteaux (-toz)], a light 
 boat used on Canadian rivers; a 
 pontoon of a floating bridge. 
 
 bateau-bridge (-brij), n. a float- 
 ing bridge constructed on boats. 
 
 bath (bath), n. [pi. baths, (bkthz)~\, 
 the act of washing or immersing 
 the body in water, or exposing it to 
 any other fluid or vapor ; a vessel 
 holding water for bathing; a build- 
 ing fitted up for Dathing purposes; 
 a medium through which heat is 
 applied to a body ; a vessel contain- 
 ing a solution for treatment of an 
 object by immersion. 
 
 bathe (bath), v.t. to subject to a 
 bath ; immerse in water or other 
 liquid ; to suffuse or moisten with a 
 liquid ; immerse or surround with 
 anything analogous to water, as 
 vapor or light : v.i. to take a bath. 
 
 bathometer (ba-thom'e-ter), n. an 
 apparatus for measuring depths. 
 
 bathos (ba'thos), n. a ludicrous 
 descent from the elevated to the 
 commonplace in writing or speech. 
 
 bathymetric (bath-i-met'rik), or 
 bat hy metrical ('ri-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to the measurement of 
 depths. 
 
 bathymetry (ba-thim'e-tri), n. the 
 art of sounding or of measuring sea 
 depths. 
 
 batiste (ba-tesf), n. a kind of cam- 
 bric. 
 
 baton (bat'un, French ba-tong'), n. a 
 staff or truncheon used as a weap- 
 on, or as a mark or badge of of- 
 fice ; the wand of an orchestral con- 
 ductor ; a heraldic mark indicat- 
 ing illegitimacy: v.t. to strike with 
 a baton or truncheon. 
 
 Batrachia (ba-tra'ki-a), n.pl. the 
 order of Amphibia which includes 
 the frogs and toads. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bat 
 
 batracliian (ba-tra'ki-an), adj. per- 
 taining to the Batrachia : n. one of 
 that order. 
 
 batrachoid (bat'ra-koid), adj. hav- 
 ing the form of a frog. 
 
 battalion (ba-tal'yun), n. a body of 
 infantry usually forming a division 
 of a regiment. 
 
 batten (bat'n), v.t. to make fat by 
 plenteous living ; fertilize or en- 
 rich : v.i. to grow or become fat ; 
 thrive at the expense of others. 
 
 batten (bat'n), n. a narrow strip or 
 scantling of wood used for various 
 purposes ; a strip of wood used to 
 fasten the edges of a tarpaulin to 
 the deck of a ship : v.t. to fasten or 
 form with battens. 
 
 batter (bat'er), v.t. strike with 
 heavy, repeated blows, so as to 
 bruise, shatter, or demolish ; injure 
 or impair : v.i. to make an attack 
 by heavy blows. 
 
 batter (bat'er), n. a mixture of sev- 
 eral ingredients, as flour, eggs, &c, 
 beaten together, used in cookery. 
 
 battering-ram (bat'er-ing-ram), n. 
 a military engine anciently used to 
 beat down the walls of besieged 
 places, and consisting of a large 
 beam with a head of iron somewhat 
 resembling the head of a ram. 
 
 battery (bat'er-i), n. [pi. batteries 
 (-iz)], the act of battering or beat- 
 ing ; a body of cannon, with its com- 
 plement of officers, men, and equip- 
 ments, for field operations ; any 
 raised work or parapet where guns 
 are mounted and gunners screened ; 
 a number of Leyden jars connected 
 for charging and discharging sim- 
 ultaneously ; an apparatus for gen- 
 erating voltaic electricity. 
 
 battle (bat'l), n. a fight or en- 
 counter between opposing forces ; a 
 combat ; a contest or struggle for 
 mastery : v.i. to contend in fight ; 
 struggle (followed by against, 
 with ) . battle-piece ( bat'1-pes ) , 
 n. a painting, poem, or writing de- 
 . scriptive of a battle, battle-roy- 
 al (bat'l-roi'al), n. a match in 
 which more than two game-cocks 
 are engaged ; a mel§e. 
 
 battledore or battledoor (bat'l- 
 dor), n. a kind of light racket used 
 
 bay 
 
 for playing battledore and shuttle- 
 cock. 
 
 battlement (bat'1-ment), n. an in- 
 dented parapet consisting of alter- 
 nate solids and openings. 
 
 battue (bat-tu'), n. in shooting over 
 cover, the method pursued by the 
 beaters who surround the preserve 
 and drive the game by beats and 
 cries towards the sportsmen. 
 
 bauble (baw'bl), n. a trifling piece 
 of finery ; anything showy or gay ; 
 a child's cheap trinket : n. the club 
 or staff formerly carried by a court 
 jester, or king's fool. 
 
 bavin (bav'in), n. wood easily kin- 
 dled. 
 
 bawbee or baubee (baw-be'), n. 
 originally a coin issued in 1542 by 
 James V. of Scotland, of the value 
 of l^d., Scotch ; now applied in 
 Scotland to the halfpenny. 
 
 bawble. Same as bauble. 
 
 bawd (bawd), n. a person who keeps 
 a house of prostitution ; one who 
 procures women for lewd purposes, 
 or acts as agent in illicit inter- 
 course. 
 
 bawdiness ('i-nes), n. obscenity; 
 lewdness. 
 
 bawdry (bawd'ri), n. the business 
 or practice of a procuress ; illicit 
 intercourse ; obscenity ; filthy lan- 
 guage. 
 
 bawdy (bawd'i), adj. obscene; un- 
 chaste. 
 
 bawl (bawl), v.i. to cry out with a 
 loud, full, and sustained sound ; 
 vociferate : v.t. to proclaim loudly : 
 n. a loud prolonged cry. 
 
 bay (ba), v.i. to bark as a dog, with 
 a deep sound, as hounds in the 
 chase : v.t. to bark at ; to pursue 
 with barking so as to bring to bay : 
 n. the deep-toned prolonged bark of 
 a dog. 
 
 bay (ba), adj. red or reddish, ap- 
 proaching to chestnut [applied to 
 horses] : n. a horse of such color. 
 
 bay (ba), n. a recess in the shore of 
 a sea or lake; the expanse of water 
 between two capes or headlands ; a 
 recess or opening in walls ; a place 
 or receptacle for depositing or stor- 
 ing coal ; the fore part of a ship 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bay 
 
 bea 
 
 between decks; the laurel-tree, 
 noble laurel, or sweet-bay ; an hon- 
 orary garland or crown, composed 
 of woven laurel leaves, bestowed as 
 a prize upon successful poets and 
 conquerors, hence [pi.} fame. 
 
 bay-salt (ba'sawlt), n. salt result- 
 ing from the evaporation of sea- 
 water, and used for artificial sea- 
 baths. 
 
 bay-window (baVin'do), n. the 
 window or windows forming a bay 
 or recess in a room, and extending 
 outwards from the wall, usually of 
 a rectangular, semicircular, or 
 polygonal shape. 
 
 baya (ba'ya), n. the weaver-bird of 
 the East Indies, resembling the bull- 
 finch. 
 
 bayadeer or bayadere (ba-ya-der'), 
 n. a Hindu dancing girl. Also writ- 
 ten bajadere. 
 
 bayamo (ba-ya'mo), n. a violent 
 tempest of wind with lightning. 
 
 bayonet (ba'o-net), n. a. short dag- 
 ger-like instrument constructed to 
 fix on to the barrel of a rifle : v.t. 
 to stab or drive with a bayonet. 
 
 bayou (bi'oo),w. [pi. bayous ('ooz)], 
 in the southern United States, the 
 outlet of a lake, or one of the delta 
 streams of a river ; a sluggish water- 
 course. 
 
 bazaar or bazar (ba-zar'), n. in the 
 East, a market-place or exchange ; 
 a hall or series of rooms with stalls 
 for the sale of goods ; a sale of 
 fancy articles in aid of some char- 
 ity ; a fancy fair. 
 
 bdellium (del'yum), n. an aromatic 
 gum-resin brought from Africa, In- 
 dia and Persia, and used medici- 
 nally and as a perfume. 
 
 be (b€), v.i. [p.t. was, p.p. been, p.pr. 
 being] , to exist ; have existence in 
 fact, physical or mental ; include or 
 involve as a result ; bring ; produce ; 
 come about; become; remain; sig- 
 nify ; answer to. 
 
 beach (bech), n. [pi. beaches Cez)], 
 the portion of the shore of the sea 
 or of a lake which is washed by the 
 waves ; the strand ; shingle : v.t. to 
 run or haul up (as a vessel or boat) 
 upon the beach : v.i. to land on a 
 beach. 
 
 beach-comber (bech'kom-er), n. a 
 long curling wave rolling in from 
 the ocean ; one who hangs about the 
 shore on the look-out for wreckage 
 or plunder. 
 
 beachy (bech'i), adj. having a 
 beach ; covered with shingle. 
 
 beacon (be'kn), n. a signal of warn- 
 ing or guidance, on sea or land ; for- 
 merly a fire lighted on a hill or high 
 tower to signal danger or assemble 
 troops, &c. : v.t. to light up, as a 
 beacon ; furnish with beacons : v.i. 
 to serve as a beacon. 
 
 bead (bed), n. a little perforated ball 
 of any suitable material, intended to 
 be strung with others and worn as 
 an ornament or used to form a 
 rosary; any small globular body; a 
 drop or bubble; a small knob of 
 metal at the end of a gun-barrel 
 used as a sight ; a narrow rounded 
 molding ; an astragal : v.t. to orna- 
 ment with beads or beading. 
 
 bead-roll (bed'rol), n. a list of per- 
 sons for the repose of whose souls a 
 certain number of prayers are as- 
 signed to be repeated ; a rosary. 
 
 beadle (be'dl), n. a messenger or 
 crier of a court ; a parish officer 
 with various subordinate duties con- 
 nected with a church or vestry, &c. 
 
 beagle (be'gl), n. a small hound, for- 
 merly used for hunting hares. 
 
 beak (bek), n. the bill of a bird; the 
 horny jaws or mandibles of other 
 animals ; anything which is pointed 
 or shaped like a beak; the metal- 
 sheathed prow of an ancient galley 
 intended to pierce the vessels of an 
 enemy; the powerful appendage of 
 steel forming part of the bow of 
 modern war-vessels ; a magistrate. 
 
 beaker (be'ker), n. a large drinking 
 cup or vessel with a wide mouth ; an 
 open-mouthed glass vessel with a 
 projecting lip. 
 
 beam (bem), n. a long piece of tim- 
 ber or iron used horizontally or ver- 
 tically to support the rafters of a 
 building; one of the principal hori- 
 zontal timbers of a building or ship ; 
 the extreme breadth of a ship ; the 
 shank of an anchor; the oscillating 
 lever which transmits motion in a 
 steam-engine; a cylinder of wood 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bea 
 
 bea 
 
 around which, before weaving, the 
 warp is wound ; the pole of a car- 
 riage ; the main part of a plow to 
 which the handles are secured ; the 
 bar of a balance which suspends the 
 scales ; the principal stem of a 
 deer's horns which bears the antlers ; 
 a collection of parallel rays of light 
 emitted from the sun or other lumi- 
 nous body : v.t. to send forth, as 
 rays of light : v.i. to shine. 
 
 beam-compass (bem-kum'pas), n. 
 an instrument used for describing 
 large circles. 
 
 beam-feather (bem'fe£7i-er), n. one 
 of the long feathers in the wing of 
 a bird. 
 
 beamy (be'mi), adj. emitting rays of 
 light resembling a beam in size and 
 weight. 
 
 bean (ben), n. the smooth, kidney- 
 shaped seed of many leguminous 
 plants ; the plant itself ; the popular 
 name of other seeds or fruits re- 
 sembling true beans. 
 
 bear (bar), v.t. [p.t. bore, bare, p.p. 
 borne, p.pr. bearing], to support, 
 hold up ; carry or convey ; suffer 
 or endure ; be answerable for ; pos- 
 sess, wear, or use ; have in or on ; 
 contain ; cherish ; carry in the mind ; 
 admit or be capable of; show 
 or exhibit ; bring forth or produce : 
 v.i. to be capable of supporting; be 
 fruitful ; to bear, press, or weigh 
 upon or against : tend ; relate ; take 
 effect; be situated. [N. B. — When 
 used passively bear (to produce) 
 has as its p.p. born, as an infant 
 was born.] 
 
 bear (bar), n. a plantigrade carniv- 
 orous mammal, belonging to the 
 genus Ursus, the three best known 
 species o^ which are : the brown or 
 black belv of Europe, the grizzly 
 bear of North America, and the po- 
 lar bear of arctic regions ; the name 
 of two constellations in the northern 
 hemisphere, called the Great Bear 
 and the Little Bear ; one who at- 
 tempts to depreciate the value of 
 stock in order to buy cheap ; opposed 
 to a bull ; a rude, uncouth, or brutal 
 person : v.t. to endeavor to lower the 
 price of. 
 
 bear-baiting (bar'bat-ing), n. the 
 illegal sport of setting dogs to fight 
 with captive bears. 
 
 bear-garden (bar'gar-dn), n. a place 
 where bears are kept for sport ; 
 hence any scene or place of tumult 
 or disorder. 
 
 beard (berd), n. the hair that grows 
 on the chin, lips, and adjacent parts 
 of the human face; anything which 
 resembles a beard ; the awn of bar- 
 ley and other grains ; the barb of an 
 arrow, fish-hook, &c. : v.t. to take by 
 the beard ; oppose to the face ; set 
 at defiance. 
 
 bearing (bar'ing), n. the act of en- 
 during with patience ; carriage ; be- 
 havior ; mutual relation of the parts 
 of a whole; meaning or application; 
 the act or power of producing; the 
 part of a machine that bears the 
 friction ; the direction or point of 
 the compass in which an object is 
 seen ; the position of one object with 
 respect to another ; the heraldic 
 charges that fill the escutcheon. 
 
 bearing-rein (-ran), n. a short rein 
 for holding up the head of a horse. 
 
 bearish, (bar'ish), adj. resembling a 
 bear in qualities ; rude ; surly. 
 
 beast (best), n. any four-footed ani- 
 mal, as distinguished from birds, 
 insects, fishes, and man ; an irra- 
 tional animal ; a person rude, coarse, 
 or filthy, or whose actions degrade 
 him below the level of a rational be- 
 ing ; a brute. 
 
 beat (bet), v.t. [p.t. beat, p.p. 
 beaten, beat, p.pr. beating], to strike 
 with repeated blows ; thrash ; 
 knock ; pound or break ; flatten or 
 spread by blows ; scour and range 
 with blows and cries in order to 
 rouse or drive game ; dash or strike 
 against, as water or wind ; tread, as 
 a path ; overcome or vanquish ; ex- 
 cel ; baffle ; be too difficult for ; ex- 
 haust ; flutter, as wings : v.i. to 
 strike repeatedly ; throb ; dash or 
 fall with force or violence ; signal 
 or summon by beat of drum ; sound, 
 as a drum, when struck : n. a re- 
 curring stroke ; a pulsation ; a 
 throb ; a footfall ; a round or course 
 which is frequently gone over ; a 
 place of habitual resort; the rise or 
 
 ate, arm, 
 D.8. 
 
 :, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bea: 
 
 bee 
 
 fall of the hand or foot marking the 
 divisions of time ; the divisions of 
 the measure so marked. 
 
 beat (bet), p.p. of beat, exhausted by 
 mental or bodily fatigue. 
 
 beaten (be'tn), p.adj. worn by use, 
 as by the beat or tread of feet ; con- 
 quered ; exhausted ; baffled. 
 
 beaten- work (-werk), n. metal 
 shaped by being beaten on an anvil. 
 
 beatific (be-a-tif'ik), adj. having 
 power to bless or render perfectly 
 happy; blissful. 
 
 beatific-vision (-vizh'un), n. the 
 direct vision of God, regarded as the 
 bliss of the angels and saints. 
 
 beatifically (-li), adv. in a blissful 
 manner. 
 
 beatification (be-at-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the act of blessing or the state of 
 being blessed ; the act of the Pope in 
 declaring a deceased person to have 
 attained the rank of "the blessed :" 
 usually the second step towards 
 canonization. 
 
 beatify (be-at'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 beatified, p.pr. beatifying], to make 
 happy, bless with the completion of 
 celestial enjoyment ; to declare by 
 public decree that a deceased person 
 has attained the rank of "the 
 blessed." 
 
 beating (be'ting), n. the act of 
 striking ; a flogging ; pulsation or 
 throbbing ; a defeat ; tacking against 
 the wind. 
 
 beatitude (be-at'i-tud), n. felicity 
 of the highest kind ; consummate 
 bliss. 
 
 bean (bo), n. [pi. beaus or beaux 
 (boz)], one who dresses himself in 
 strict accordance with the fashion ; 
 a ladies' man or suitor. 
 
 beau-ideal (bo-i-de'al), n. ideal ex- 
 cellence. 
 
 beau monde (bo-mond'), n. the fash- 
 ionable world. 
 
 beauish (bo'ish), adj. like a beau; 
 foppish. 
 
 beauteous (bu'te-us), adj. possess- 
 ing beauty. 
 
 beautiful (bu'ti-fiil), adj. possess- 
 ing qualities which charm and de- 
 light the senses ; lovely. 
 
 beautifully (-li), adv. in a charm- 
 ing or attractive manner. 
 
 beautify (bu'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 beautified; p.pr. beautifying], to 
 make or render beautiful ; embel- 
 lish : v.i. to grow beautiful. 
 
 beauty (bu'ti), n. [pi. beauties 
 ('tiz)], an assemblage of graces or 
 properties which command the ap- 
 probation of the senses ; those qual- 
 ities which are most pleasing to the 
 eye ; a particular grace or charm ; a 
 beautiful woman. 
 
 beauty-sleep (-slep), n. sleep taken 
 before midnight, popularly supposed 
 to be more restorative than that 
 taken later. 
 
 beauty-spot (-spot), n. a patch or 
 spot placed on the face with intent 
 to heighten beauty by contrast. 
 
 beauty- wash (-wosh), n. a cosmetic. 
 
 beaver (be'ver), n. a rodent quadru- 
 ped of amphibious habits, and val- 
 ued for its fur ; the fur of the 
 beaver ; a hat formerly made of bea- 
 ver fur. 
 
 beaver (be'ver), n. the portion of ar- 
 mor which served to protect the 
 lower part of the face, and could be 
 raised or depressed. 
 
 beaver-rat (be'ver-rat), n. a water 
 rodent of Australia and Tasmania, 
 similar in habit to the European 
 water vole. 
 
 beaver-tree (be'ver-tre), n. the 
 sweet-bay, common in United States. 
 
 beaverteen (be'ver-ten), n. a species 
 of fustian. 
 
 becalm (be-kam'), v.t. to make calm 
 or still. 
 
 bechamel (besh'a-mel), n. a fine 
 white sauce thickened with cream. 
 
 beche-de-mer (bash'de-mar'), n. the 
 trepang, a sea-slug dried and eaten 
 by the Chinese. 
 
 beck (bek), n. a nod, or other signifi- 
 cant gesture. 
 
 becket (bek'et), n. a contrivance in 
 ships to confine small spars or loose 
 ropes, &c. 
 
 beckon (bek'n), v.i. to make a signal 
 to another by a motion of the head 
 or hand ; v.t. summon or signal by 
 signs. 
 
 becloud. See cloud. 
 
 become (be-kum'), v.i. [p.t. became, 
 p.p. become, p.pr. becoming], to pass 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; Jx>6n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bee 
 
 bee 
 
 from one state to another ; come or 
 grow to be : v.t. to suit, or be suit- 
 able to ; befit ; accord with ; grace or 
 adorn. 
 
 becoming (be-kum'ing), p.adj. fit; 
 suitable ; seemly ; proper ; appropri- 
 ate; befitting. 
 
 becquerel rays (bek-rel' raz), n.pl. 
 radio-active energy manifested by 
 radium, polonium, and certain com- 
 pounds of uranium. 
 
 bed (bed), n. an article of domestic 
 furniture upon or within which one 
 rests or sleeps ; conjugal rights ; 
 anything which serves as a resting- 
 place, or in which something lies or 
 is imbedded ; a portion of a garden 
 prepared and set apart for bedding 
 plants ; the bottom of a river or oth- 
 er stream, or of any body of water ; 
 a layer or stratum of rock; a mass 
 or heap of anything resembling a 
 bed ; either of the horizontal sur- 
 faces of a building stone : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. bedded; p.pr. bedding], to fur- 
 nish with a bed ; plant, as flowers ; 
 lay in a stratum ; lay flat, or in or- 
 der : v.i. to go to bed ; cohabit. 
 
 bedbug (bed'bug), n. a flat-bodied, 
 reddish-colored insect infesting fur- 
 niture, &c. 
 
 bedpan (bed'pan), n. a warming- 
 pan ; a utensil for the use of those 
 confined to bed. 
 
 bedstraw (bed'straw), n. straw for 
 stuffing beds ; a popular name of 
 plants used formerly in beds. 
 
 bed-tick (bed'tik), n. a bag or case 
 of strong linen or cotton for con- 
 taining the feathers or other ma- 
 terials of a bed. 
 
 bedabble. See dabble. 
 
 bedaub. See daub. 
 
 bedazzle. See dazzle. 
 
 bedding (bed'ing), n. a bed and its 
 furniture ; the materials of a bed, 
 whether for man or beast ; stratifi- 
 cation ; occurrence in layers ; a foun- 
 dation, or bottom layer. 
 
 bedeck. See deck. 
 
 bedevil (be-dev'l), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 (-ed), p.pr. (-ing)], to throw into 
 disorder or confusion ; spoil or cor- 
 rupt, as by evil agency. 
 
 be devilment (be-dev'1-ment), n. the 
 
 state of being vexatiously and be- 
 wilderingly disordered or confused. 
 
 bedew (be-du/), v.t. to moisten with 
 dew. 
 
 bedim. See dim. 
 
 bedizen (be-diz'n & -di'zn), v.t. to 
 deck or adorn ; trick out with vulgar 
 finery. 
 
 bedlam (bed'lam), n. a madhouse; 
 an asylum or hospital for lunatics : 
 hence, any scene of uproar and con- 
 fusion. 
 
 bedlamite ( bed'lam-it ) , n. a mad- 
 man ; an inmate of Bethlehem Hos- 
 pital or bedlam. 
 
 Bedouin (bed'oo-in), n. a nomadic 
 Arab or tent-dweller of Arabia, 
 Syria, and northern Africa : adj. 
 nomad. 
 
 bedrabble. See drabble. 
 
 bedraggle. See draggle. 
 
 bedrench. See drench. 
 
 bedrid (bed'rid) or bedridden ('rid- 
 n ) , adj. confined to bed by age or 
 infirmity. 
 
 bedrop (be-drop'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 bedropped, p.pr. bedropping], to 
 sprinkle as with drops ; bespatter. 
 
 bee (be), n. a hymenopterous insect 
 of the genus Apis ; the hive or hon- 
 ey-bee kept in hives for the sake of 
 its honey and wax ; an industrious 
 person ; a social meeting for work on 
 behalf of a neighbor or a charitable 
 object ; strips of wood bolted each 
 side of a bowsprit, through which 
 the foretopmast stays are reeved. 
 
 bee-bread (be'bred), n. a brown bit- 
 ter substance consisting of the pol- 
 len of flowers collected and stored 
 by bees as food for their young. 
 
 bee-eater (be'et-er), n. one of the 
 numerous species of bee-eating birds. 
 
 beehive (be'hiv), n. a box or other 
 covering for a swarm of bees, and 
 serving for the storage of honey. 
 
 bee-line (be'lin), n. the straight 
 course pursued by a bee returning 
 laden to the hive : hence the most 
 direct way from one point to an- 
 other. 
 
 bee-moth (be'mSth), n. a moth 
 which lays its eggs in beehives, and 
 whose larvae feed upon the wax. 
 
 beech (bech), n. [pi. beeches ('ez)], 
 a tree of the genus Fagus, yielding 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ien. 
 
bee 
 
 a hard timber and edible triangular 
 nuts. 
 
 beechen (be'chen), adj. pertaining 
 to, or made of the wood or bark of, 
 the beech. 
 
 "beef (bef), n. the flesh of an ox, 
 bull, or cow, when killed. 
 
 beefeater ('e-ter), n. a yeoman of 
 the English royal guard, attending 
 the sovereign on state occasions. 
 
 beefy (be'fi), adj. resembling beef; 
 fleshy. 
 
 been (bin), p.p. of be. 
 
 beer (ber), n. a fermented liquor 
 made from any farinaceous grain, 
 . but generally from malted barley, 
 with hops or other substances added 
 to impart a bitter flavor ; a ferment- 
 ed extract of the roots and other 
 parts of various plants, as ginger, 
 spruce, &c. 
 
 beery (ber'i), adj. pertaining to beer; 
 stained by beer; affected by beer; 
 maudlin. 
 
 beestings (bes'tingz), n. the^ first 
 milk given by a cow after calving. 
 
 bees-wing (bez'wing), n. a gauzy film 
 occurring in port and some other 
 wines, indicative of age. 
 
 beet (bet), n. a biennial plant, culti- 
 vated for its edible succulent root, 
 and from which sugar is made. 
 
 beetle (be'tl) , n. a heavy wooden mal- 
 let employed for driving wedges, 
 consolidating earth, &c. ; a club for 
 beating linen, &c., in washing : v.t. 
 to use a beetle on ; beat with a 
 heavy wooden mallet, as a substitute 
 for mangling. 
 
 beetle ( be'tl •), n. any insect belong- 
 ing to the order of Coleoptera, hav- 
 ing four wings, the anterior or outer 
 pair being hardened and serving as 
 a horny sheath to the inner pair. 
 
 beetle (be'tl), v.i. to be prominent; 
 jut out ; overhang, as a cliff. 
 
 beetling (bet'ling), adj. standing 
 out ; overhanging. 
 
 befall or befal (be-fawl'), v.t. [p.t. 
 befell, p.p. befallen, p.pr. befalling], 
 to happen or occur to : v.i. come to 
 pass. 
 
 bef ana (be-fa'na), n. a fairy sup- 
 posed to reward chiklren by presents 
 of sweetmeats, &c, on Ephiphany- 
 eve (Jan. 5th). 
 
 beg 
 
 befit (be-fif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. be- 
 fitted, p.pr. befittting], befitting or 
 suitable to ; become. 
 
 befog. See fog. 
 
 befool. See fool. 
 
 before (be-for'), prep, in front of; 
 preceding in space, time, or rank ; 
 in presence or sight of ; under juris- 
 diction of ; rather than ; earlier 
 than : adv. in front ; in advance ; 
 previously ; formerly ; already. 
 
 beforehand (be-for 'hand), adv. in 
 advance. 
 
 befoul. See foul. 
 
 befriend (be-frend'), v.t. to act as a 
 friend to ; aid or shield ; assist. 
 
 beg (beg), v.t. & v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 begged; p.pr. begging], to ask or 
 supplicate in charity ; ask for ear- 
 nestly ; beseech ; entreat with humil- 
 ity ; ask as a favor ; to practice beg- 
 ging. (The phrase "I beg to," in 
 polite usage, is employed elliptically 
 for ask, request, as I beg to state.) 
 
 began, p.t. of begin. 
 
 begem. See gem. 
 
 beget (be-gef), v.t. [p.t. begot, be- 
 gat, p.p. begotten, begot, p.pr. be- 
 getting], to procreate, as a father 
 or sire ; generate ; produce ; cause to 
 exist. 
 
 begetter (be-get'ter), n. one who be- 
 gets. 
 
 beggable (beg'a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being solicited as gift or alms. 
 
 beggar (beg'er), n. one who entreats 
 or supplicates with humility ; one 
 who makes it his business to beg or 
 ask for alms ; one who is reduced to 
 extreme poverty : v.t. to exhaust the 
 resources of; outdo. 
 
 beggarliness (-nes), n. extreme pov- 
 erty ; meanness. 
 
 beggarly (beg'er-li), adj. like, or in 
 the condition of, a beggar ; poor ; 
 mean ; contemptible. 
 
 beggary (beg'er-i), n. the state of a 
 beggar ; extreme poverty ; beggars 
 collectively. 
 
 begin (be-gin'), v.i. [p.t. began, p.p. 
 begun, p.pr. beginning], to com- 
 mence existence ; originate ; arise : 
 to take the initiatory step ; make a 
 start. 
 
 beginner (be-gin'er), n. one who be- 
 gins or originates ; one who enters 
 
 ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
beg 
 
 upon anything for the first time; a 
 novice. 
 
 beginning (be-gin'ing), n. the first 
 cause ; origin ; the initial stage of 
 anything. 
 
 begird. See gird. 
 
 begirdle. See girdle. • 
 
 begone (be-gon'), inter j. go away! 
 depart ! 
 
 begonia (be-go'ni-a), n. a genus of 
 tropical plants, cultivated for their 
 ornamental leaves and showy flow- 
 
 . ers. 
 
 begot (be-gof), p.t. & p.p. of beget. 
 
 begotten (be-got'n), p.p. of beget. 
 
 begrease. See grease. 
 
 begrime. See grime. 
 
 begrudge. See grudge. 
 
 beguile (be-gil'), v.t. to impose upon 
 or delude by guile ; deceive ; cause 
 to pass pleasantly ; divert or enter- 
 tain. 
 
 beguilement (be-gil'ment), n. the 
 act of beguiling; the state of being 
 beguiled. 
 
 begum (be'gum), n. in the East In- 
 dies, a princess or lady of high rank. 
 
 begun, p.p. of begin. 
 
 behalf (be-haf), n. advantage; fa- 
 vor ; support ; defense ; stead ; inter- 
 est [governed always by the prepo- 
 sition in, on, or upon\. 
 
 behave (be-hav'), v.t. to conduct, 
 comport, demean, or acquit : v.i. to 
 act ; conduct one's self in a proper 
 manner. 
 
 behavior (be-hav'yer), n. manner of 
 behaving, whether good or bad ; con- 
 duct ; deportment ; manners. 
 
 behead (be-hed'), v.t. to cut off the 
 head of. 
 
 beheld (be-held'), p.t. & p.p. of be- 
 hold. 
 
 behemoth (be-he'moth), n. an ani- 
 mal described in Job xl. 15-24, and 
 probably intended for the hippopota- 
 mus. # 
 
 behest (be-hesf) , n. a command ; pre- 
 cept. 
 
 behind (be-hind'), prep, at the back 
 of ; in the rear of ; remaining after ; 
 inferior to : adv. at the back ; in the 
 rear ; toward the back ; out of sight ; 
 past in point of time. 
 
 behindhand (be-hind'hand), adv. or 
 
 bel 
 
 adj. in a state of backwardness; 
 late ; in arrear. 
 
 behold (be-hold'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 beheld, p.pr. beholding], to fix the 
 eyes upon; have in sight; look at; 
 observe with care : v.i. to look ; di- 
 rect or fix the mind. 
 
 beholden (be-hol'dn), p.adj. indebt- 
 ed ; obliged ; bound in gratitude. 
 
 behoof (be-hoof), n. advantage; in- 
 terest ; profit ; use ; behalf. 
 
 behoove or behove (be-hoov'), v.t. 
 to be meet, necessary, or fit for. 
 
 beige (bazh), adj. having its natural 
 color, as a fabric of undyed wool. 
 
 being, p.pr. of be. 
 
 being (be'ing), n. existence, as op- 
 posed to non-existence ; that which 
 exists in any form, whether actual 
 or ideal. 
 
 bejewel (be-ju'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 -ed, p.pr. ing], to ornament or fur- 
 nish with jewels. 
 
 bekko-ware (bek'o-war), n. an an- 
 cient kind of Japanese pottery in 
 imitation of tortoise-shell. 
 
 belabor (be-la'ber), v.t. to beat 
 soundly. 
 
 b elate (be-laf), v.t. to make late, or 
 retard. 
 
 belated (be-la'ted), p.adj. delayed; 
 too late ; overtaken by darkness : 
 benighted. 
 
 belay (be-la'), v.t. make fast, as a 
 rope, by winding round a pin, cleat, 
 &c. 
 
 belch (belch), v.t. to eject with force 
 or violence : v.i. to eject wind from 
 the stomach : n. the act of ejecting 
 wind forcibly. 
 
 beldam (bel'dam) or beldame 
 ('dam), n. a grandmother; an ugly 
 old woman. 
 
 beleaguer (be-le'ger), v.t. to be- 
 siege ; surround with an army so as 
 to preclude escape ; blockade. 
 
 belemnite (bel'em-nit), n. the fossil 
 internal bone, or shell, of an extinct 
 family of cuttle-fishes. 
 
 belfry (bel'fri), n. a bell tower; 
 that part of a steeple or tower in 
 which a bell is hung. 
 
 Belgravian (bel-gra'vi-an), adj. be- 
 longing to Belgravia, a fashionable 
 quarter of London : hence aristo- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bel 
 
 bel 
 
 cratic; fashionable: n. an inhabi- 
 tant of Belgravia; a member of the 
 upper classes. 
 
 belie (be-li'), v.t. to calumniate; 
 slander by lies ; give the lie to ; show 
 to be false. 
 
 belief (be-lef), n. assent to anything 
 proposed or declared, and its accept- 
 ance as fact,' by reason of the au- 
 thority whence it proceeds, apart 
 from personal knowledge ; faith ; the 
 thing believed; the whole body of 
 tenets held by the professors of any 
 faith ; a creed ; a conviction. 
 
 believable (be-le'va-bl), adj. capable 
 • of being accepted as truth; credible. 
 
 believability ( 'i-ti ) , n. credibility ; 
 credence ; believableness. 
 
 believe (be-lev'), v.t. to place cre- 
 dence in and accept as true, upon the 
 ground of authority, testimony, or 
 logical inference apart from per- 
 sonal knowledge ; place _ confidence 
 in ; expect or hope : v.i. to have 
 faith ; be more or less firmly per- 
 suaded of the truth of anything; 
 think or suppose. 
 
 believer (be-le'ver), n. one who ac- 
 cepts as truth something not actu- 
 ally demonstrated ; one who adheres 
 to a religious faith ; a professor of 
 Christianity. 
 
 belike (be-lik'), adv. probably. 
 
 belittle (be-lit'l), v.t. to lower or de- 
 preciate; run down by speaking 
 slightingly of. 
 
 bell (bel), v.i. to bellow, as deer in 
 rutting time; to be in flower: said 
 of the hop. 
 
 bell (bel), n. a hollow metallic ves- 
 sel, usually cup-shaped, and giving 
 forth a clear, ringing sound when 
 struck ; anything in the form of a 
 bell : pi. the divisions of daily time 
 marked each half-hour by strokes on 
 a bell : v.t. to put a bell on. 
 
 bell-bird (bel'berd), n. an American 
 bird whose note resembles a bell ; an 
 Australian bird whose note is sim- 
 ilar. 
 
 bellman (bel'man), n.; pi. bellmen, 
 one who uses a bell for public an- 
 nouncement ; a town-crier. 
 
 bell-metal (bel-met'al), n. an alloy 
 of copper and tin, used for the man- 
 ufacture of bells. 
 
 bell-punch (bel'punch), n. sl punch 
 with a signal bell used on tramcars 
 for puncturing the tickets and 
 checking the number of fares issued. 
 
 bell- telegraph (bertel'e-graf), n. a 
 telegraphic instrument in which bells 
 are employed instead of needles. 
 
 bell-wether (beTweta'er), n. a weth- 
 er or sheep which leads the flock 
 with a bell on his neck. 
 
 belladonna (bel-a-don'a), n. the 
 deadly nightshade, a poisonous plant 
 used as medicine. 
 
 belle (bel), n. a young and handsome 
 lady ; a reigning beauty. 
 
 belles-lettres (bel-let'r), n.pl. polite 
 or elegant literature ; light litera- 
 ture. 
 
 bellicose (bel'i-kos), adj. pugna- 
 cious ; contentious ; warlike. 
 
 bellied (bel'id), adj. having a belly; 
 swelled out in the middle. 
 
 belligerence (bel-ij'er-ens), or bel- 
 ligerency (-en-si), n. the act or 
 state of warfare. 
 
 belligerent (bel-ij'er-ent), adj. wag- 
 ing war ; pertaining to war or war- 
 fare : warlike : n. a power recog- 
 nized as carrying on war ; a person 
 engaged in fighting. 
 
 bellite (bel'it), n. an explosive com- 
 pound formed of ammonium nitrate 
 and other substances. 
 
 bellow (bel'6), v.i. to utter a full 
 resonant sound, as ^ bull ; bawl or 
 vociferate ; roar, as the sea in a 
 tempest, or as the wind when vio- 
 lent : v.t. to utter with a loud, full 
 voice : n. the roar of a bull ; a loud, 
 resounding outcry. 
 
 bellows (bel'oz), n. sing. & pi. an in- 
 strument for producing a current of 
 air, and used for various purposes, 
 as blowing fires, or filling the pipes 
 of an organ. 
 
 belly (bel'li), n. [pi. bellies ('Hz)], 
 that part of the human body which 
 extends from the breast to the 
 thighs, and contains the bowels ; the 
 abdomen ; the corresponding part in 
 the lower animals; the part of any- 
 thing that swells out into a larger 
 capacity : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. bellied : 
 p.pr. bellying], to swell and become 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bel 
 
 Ben 
 
 protuberant ; bulge out : v.t. to 
 cause to swell out, as sails. 
 
 belly-band (bel'i-band), n. a band 
 that encircles the belly of a horse; 
 a saddle-girth. 
 
 belong (be-long'), v.i. to be the Prop- 
 erty (of) ; go along with ; be a part 
 (of) ; be appendant (to), or con- 
 nected (with) ; be the concern or 
 business (of) ; appertain (to) ; be 
 suitable ; be due ; have a settled or 
 legal residence (in) ; be native (to). 
 
 belonging (be-16ng'ing), n. that 
 which belongs to one [generally used 
 in the pi.] ; qualities; endowments; 
 property ; possessions ; appendages. 
 
 beloved (be-luvd' & luv'ed), p. adj. 
 greatly loved; dear to the heart: n. 
 one who is greatly loved. 
 
 below (be-lo'), prep, under in place; 
 beneath ; not so high ; inferior to in 
 rank or excellence; lower in value, 
 price, &c. : adv. in a lower place; 
 on the earth ; in hell, or the regions 
 of the dead ; in a lower rank or 
 grade ; off duty ; under. 
 
 belt (belt), n. a girdle or band used 
 to encircle the waist; anything re- 
 sembling a belt, or which encircles, 
 restrains, or supports, as a belt; a 
 strip ; a band ; a heraldic badge de- 
 noting knightly rank; one of the 
 rings surrounding the planet Jupi- 
 ter; a band connecting two wheels 
 and transmitting motion from one 
 to the other : v.t. to encircle, as with 
 a belt ; surround. 
 
 belted-cruiser (-kroo'zer), n. a 
 quick-sailing ship, having a broad 
 band of armor-plating. 
 
 belting (bel'ting), n. belts collective- 
 ly; the material of which belts are 
 made. 
 
 beluga (be-lu'ga) , n. the large white 
 sturgeon from the roe of which 
 caviare is made ; the white whale of 
 the Northern Seas. 
 
 belvedere (bel-ve-der'), n. a pavilion 
 or open structure raised upon the 
 top of a house ; a summerhouse built 
 on an eminence. 
 
 bemire (be-mir'), v.t. to soil by pass- 
 ing through mire ; to fix in the mire. 
 
 bemoan (be-mon'), v.t. to lament; 
 bewail ; pity ; sympathize with. 
 
 bench, (bench), n. [pi. benches 
 ('ez)], a long seat; a strong table 
 on which mechanics do their work; 
 the seat where judges sit in court; 
 the persons who sit as judges; the 
 court : v.t. to furnish with benches. 
 
 bench-warrant (bench-wor'ant), n. 
 a warrant issued by a court or 
 judge, as distinguished from a jus~ 
 tice's warrant issued by a magis- 
 trate. 
 
 bend (bend), v.t. to curve or make 
 crooked ; direct to a certain point ; 
 incline : v.i. to be or become curved 
 or crooked ; bow or be submissive : 
 n. a curve ; a crook ; a knot : n. one 
 of the nine heraldic ordinaries cross- 
 ing from the dexter chief to the 
 sinister base point of the escutcheon. 
 
 bender (ben'der), n. one who, or 
 that which, bends. 
 
 bends (bendz), n. a disease prevalent 
 among caisson workers, and caused 
 by sudden differences in atmospheric 
 pressure affecting the valvular ac- 
 tion of the heart. 
 
 beneath (be-neth'), prep, lower hi 
 place, with reference to something 
 above ; under the pressure of ; lower 
 in rank, dignity, or excellence than ; 
 unworthy of : adv. in a lower place ; 
 below. 
 
 benedict (ben'e-dikt), n. a newly 
 married man, especially one who 
 has previously ridiculed the idea of 
 matrimony. From Benedick in 
 Shakespeare's play "Much Ado 
 about Nothing." 
 
 benediction (ben-e-dik'shun), n. the 
 act of blessing; a blessing or ex- 
 pression of kind wishes solemnly or 
 affectionately invoked; the short 
 blessing pronounced at the close of 
 public worship. 
 
 benedictive (ben-e-dik'tiv) or ben- 
 edictory ('to-ri), adj. tending to 
 bless ; conveying or expressing good 
 wishes. 
 
 benef action (ben-e-fak'shun), n. the 
 act of conferring a benefit ; a benefit 
 conferred; a charitable donation. 
 
 benefactor (ben-e-fak'ter), n. one 
 who confers a benefit. Benefac- 
 tress, the feminine form of the 
 word. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ben 
 
 her 
 
 benefice (ben'e-fis), n. a fief, or es- 
 tate in lands; an ecclesiastical liv- 
 ing ; a church endowed with reve- 
 nue ; the revenue itself. 
 
 beneficence (be-nef'i-sens), n. active 
 goodness ; a benefaction. 
 
 beneficent (be-nef'i-sent), adj. char- 
 acterized by benevolence. 
 
 beneficial ( beh-e-fish'al ) , adj. con- 
 tributing to a valuable end ; help- 
 ful ; profitable ; conferring or hav- 
 ing the right to benefit or user. 
 
 beneficially (-li), adv. in an advan- 
 tageous manner. 
 
 beneficiary (ben-e-fish'i-a'ri), adj. 
 holding office under another ; con- 
 nected with the receipt of benefits 
 or profits ; freely bestowed : n. one 
 who holds a benefice ; in feudal 
 times a vassal ; one who receives 
 anything as a gift. 
 
 benefit (ben'e-fit), n. an act of kind- 
 ness ; a favor conferred ; whatever 
 promotes the happiness and well- 
 being of a person or thing, or adds 
 to the value of property ; a theatri- 
 cal performance, the proceeds of 
 which go to one of the actors, &c. : 
 v.t. to do good to ; be of service to : 
 v.t. to gain advantage; make im- 
 provement. 
 
 benevolence (be-nev'o-lens), n. the 
 disposition to do good; philanthro- 
 py ; good-will ; an act of kindness ; 
 a royal tax formerly levied under 
 the guise of a gratuity to the sov- 
 ereign. 
 
 benevolent (be-nev'o-lent), adj. 
 kind; charitable; philanthropic. 
 
 bengal (ben-gawl'), n. a thin stuff 
 made of silk and hair. 
 
 bengal light (lit), n. a firework, 
 used also for signaling at sea, giv- 
 ing a steady bright blue light. 
 Called also blue light. 
 
 bengal-stripes (-strips), n. a kind 
 of cotton cloth or gingham with 
 colored stripes. 
 
 bengal tiger (tl'ger), n. the royal 
 tiger. 
 
 benight (be-nlf), v.t. enshroud in 
 darkness ; overtake with night [usu- 
 ally in p.p.}. 
 
 benign (be-nln'), adj. of a kind or 
 gentle disposition ; favorable ; salu- 
 tary ; genial. 
 
 benignant (be-nig'nant), adj. kind; 
 gracious ; favorable. 
 
 benignity (be-nig'ni-ti), n. [pi. be- 
 nignities (-tiz)], kindness of na- 
 ture ; graciousness ; gentleness ; 
 mildness. 
 
 benison (ben'i-zn), n. a blessing. 
 
 benitier (ba-ne'tia), n. a font for 
 holy water. 
 
 benne (ben'e), n. the Sesame, an 
 East Indian annual, cultivated for 
 its seeds, out of which a valuable 
 oil is obtained. 
 
 bent (bent), adj. curved; crooked; 
 strongly inclined ; determined : n. a 
 turn ; an inclination ; a leaning or 
 bias ; disposition ; propensity ; a 
 stiff or wiry grass. 
 
 benumb. See numb. 
 
 benumbment (be-num'ment), n. the 
 act of stupefying ; torpidity. 
 
 benzene (ben'zen), n. a volatile 
 highly inflammable liquid, obtained 
 commercially by distillation from 
 coal-tar. Also called benzole and 
 benzoline. 
 
 benzine (ben-zen'), n. a liquid com- 
 pounded of the volatile hydrocar- 
 bons of petroleum, and obtained by 
 distillation ; used as a solvent and 
 for the removal of grease, &c. 
 
 benzoic (ben-zo'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to or obtained from benzoin. 
 
 benzoic acid (as'id), n. (flowers of 
 benzoin), a peculiar vegetable acid 
 obtained from benzoin and other 
 balsams by sublimation or decoc- 
 tion. 
 
 benzoin (ben-zo'in) or benzoine 
 ('zoin), n. the resinous juice of 
 Gum Benjamin, a tree of Sumatra, 
 &c, used chiefly in cosmetics, per- 
 fumes, and incense. 
 
 bequeath (be-kwe//i') 5 v.t. to give or 
 leave by will ; hand down ; transmit. 
 
 bequeathment (be-kwe£7t/ment), n. 
 the act of leaving by will ; a be- 
 quest. 
 
 bequest (be-kwesf), n. the act of 
 leaving by will ; something left by 
 will ; a legacy. 
 
 berate. See rate. 
 
 berberine (ber'ber-in), n. an alka- 
 loid obtained, as a bitter, yellow 
 substance, from the barberry and 
 other plants; used in dyeing. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bcr 
 
 bes 
 
 berberry. Same as barberry. 
 
 berceuse (bar-sez') , n. a cradle song ; 
 a tender or soothing musical com- 
 position. 
 
 bereave (be-rev'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 bereaved, bereft, p.pr. bereaving], 
 to deprive ; make destitute ; strip ; 
 rob [with of before the thing taken 
 away]. 
 
 bereavement (be-rev'ment), n. the 
 act of bereaving ; the state of being 
 bereaved ; the loss of a relative or 
 friend by death. 
 
 bereft (be-reff), p.t. & p.p. of be- 
 reave. 
 
 berg (berg), n. a large floating mass 
 of ice ; an iceberg ; a sharp pointed 
 rock projecting from the sea. 
 
 bergamot (ber'ga-mot), n. variety 
 of lemon, the rind of which yields 
 the volatile oil of bergamot, much 
 used in perfumery ; a variety of 
 pear ; a variety of mint ; a coarse 
 kind of tapestry. 
 
 bergmehl (berg'mal), n. mountain- 
 meal, a powdery substance com- 
 posed of the siliceous skeletons of 
 diatoms. 
 
 Bermuda grass (ber-mu'da gras'), 
 n. a valuable variety of pasture 
 grass. 
 
 Bermudian (ber-mu'di-an), adj. of 
 or pertaining to the island of Ber- 
 muda. 
 
 Bernese (ber-nez'), adj. pertaining 
 to Berne in Switzerland, or its in- 
 habitants. 
 
 bernicle (ber'ni-kal), n. the bernicle 
 goose. 
 
 beroon (be-roon'), n. the principal 
 court of a Persian house. 
 
 berry (ber'i), n. [pi. berries ('iz)], 
 any small pulpy or succulent fruit, 
 as the strawberry, &c. ; anything re- 
 sembling a berry in shape : v.i. [p.t. 
 & p.p. berried, p.pr. berrying], to 
 bear, produce, or gather berries. 
 
 berth (berth), n. ample or adequate 
 sea room ; a station which a ship 
 occupies at anchorage or port ; a 
 room in a vessel set apart for offi- 
 cers or seamen ; a sleeping place for 
 a passenger in a ship or railway 
 carriage; a situation or appoint- 
 ment : v.t. to allot an anchorage to ; 
 
 give space to lie in ; allot a sleeping 
 place to. 
 
 bertha (ber'tha), n. a kind of lady's 
 cape. 
 
 berthage (ber'thaj), n. dues levied 
 upon vessels using anchorage in 
 harbor or dock ; the space for moor- 
 ing vessels in harbor or dock. 
 
 beryl (ber'il), n. a mineral of vary- 
 ing colors, commonly green or 
 greenish-blue. 
 
 berylline ber'i-lin), adj. like a beryl 
 in color. 
 
 beseech (be-secb/), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 besought, p.pr. beseeching], to en- 
 treat ; supplicate ; implore ; beg 
 eagerly for ; solicit. 
 
 beseem (be-sem'), v.i. & v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. -ed, p.pr. -ing], to be suitable or 
 seemly ; to become ; to seem. 
 
 beset (be-sef), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. be- 
 set, p.pr. besetting], to set or stud; 
 distribute over ; surround ; besiege ; 
 press upon on all sides ; press hard 
 on. 
 
 besetment (be-set'ment), n. the 
 condition of being surrounded. 
 
 besetting (be-set'ing), adj. habitual- 
 ly attacking or coming upon. 
 
 beshrew (be-shroo')> v.t. to wish a 
 curse to ; execrate. 
 
 beside (be-sid'), prep, at the side of; 
 near ; apart from ; not connected 
 with. 
 
 besides (be-sidz'), adv. more than 
 that ; in addition ; as well : prep. 
 over and above ; separate or dis- 
 tinct from. 
 
 besiege (be-sej'), v.t. to encompass 
 with armed forces, in order to com- 
 pel a foe to surrender ; lay siege to ; 
 beset or harass. 
 
 besiegement (be-sej'ment), n. the 
 act of besetting; the state of being 
 encompassed. 
 
 beslaver (be-slav'er), v.t. to besmear 
 with spittle ; cover with fulsome 
 praise. 
 
 beslobber (be-slob'er), v.t. to smear 
 with anything running from the 
 mouth, as spittle ; kiss effusively all 
 over the mouth; to flatter ful- 
 somely. 
 
 besmear. See smear. 
 
 besmirch (be-smerch'), v.t. to soil; 
 discolor ; sully or dishonor. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bes 
 
 bet 
 
 besom (be'zum), n. a brush of twigs 
 
 for sweeping; a broom. 
 besot (be-sot'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. be- 
 sotted, p.pr. besotting], to bestial- 
 ize, as with drink ; stupefy ; infatu- 
 ate. 
 besotment (be-sot'ment), n. the act 
 or state of being besotted or infatu- 
 ated. 
 
 besottedly (-li), adv. in a foolish or 
 infatuated manner. 
 
 besought, p.t. & p.p. of beseech. 
 
 bespangle (be-spang'gl), v.t. to 
 adorn with spangles ; dot or 
 sprinkle with something that glit- 
 ters. 
 
 bespatter (be-spat'er), v.t. to soil 
 by spattering; spot with mud; as- 
 perse with calumny. 
 
 bespeak (be-spek'), v.t. [p.t. be- 
 spoke, p.pr. bespeaking], to speak 
 for beforehand ; order or arrange 
 in advance ; betoken ; indicate, as 
 by signs or marks : n. among actors, 
 a benefit. 
 
 bespread. See spread. 
 
 besprinkle. See sprinkle. 
 
 bessemer steel (bes'em-er-stel), n. 
 steel made by forcing atmospheric 
 air into cast iron while in a molten 
 state. 
 
 best (best), adj. having the highest 
 degree of goodness or excellence ; 
 of the first quality or standing ; 
 most desirable, suitable, advan- 
 tageous, &c. ; largest : n. the high- 
 est state of excellence ; the utmost 
 endeavor ; all one can do or show : 
 adv. (superl. of well) in the high- 
 est degree ; with most advantage or 
 success : v.t. to get the better of ; 
 surpass ; outwit. 
 
 best-man (best'man), n. the grooms- 
 man or principal attendant on a 
 bridegroom. 
 
 bested or bestead (be-sted'), p. adj. 
 situated ; placed ; circumstanced. 
 
 bestial (bes'tial), adj. belonging to 
 a beast ; animal ; having the quali- 
 ties of a beast ; brutal ; sensual ; ob- 
 scene. 
 
 bestialize (bes'tial-iz), v.t. to make 
 like a beast ; degrade to the level 
 of a brute. 
 
 bestiality (bes-tial'i-ti), n. the qual- 
 ities or nature of a beast. 
 
 bestially (bes'tial-li), adv. in a 
 beast-like manner. 
 
 bestir (be-ster'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. be- 
 stirred, p.pr. bestirring], to put into 
 brisk or vigorous action. 
 
 bestow (be-sto'), v.t. to lay up in 
 store; deposit in safe keeping; use 
 or apply; give or confer [followed 
 by on or upon]. 
 
 bestowment (be-sto'ment) or be- 
 stowal ('al), n. the act of giving 
 or conferring ; that which is given. 
 
 bestraddle (be-strad'l), v.t. to be- 
 stride. 
 
 bestrew (be-stroo') or bestrow 
 (-stro ), v.t. to strew or scatter 
 over. 
 
 bestride (be-strld'), v.t. [pt be- 
 strode & bestrid, p.p. bestridden, 
 bestnd, p.pr. bestriding], to stand 
 or sit on with the legs astride ; em- 
 brace with the legs, as a horse. 
 
 u J^ et) ' v ' i ' [pX & P-P- bet and 
 °etted, p.pr. betting], to stake or 
 pledge on the event of a future 
 contingency : v.i. to lay a wager : n. 
 the act of wagering; that which is 
 laid, staked, or pledged on any event 
 or contest the issue of which is un- 
 certain ; the terms on which a bet 
 is arranged. 
 
 betake (be-tak'), v.t. [p.t. betook, 
 p.p. betaken, p.pr. betaking], to 
 have recourse to; repair; resort; 
 take one's self (to). 
 
 betel (be'tl), n. a species of pepper, 
 native of the East Indies, the leaves 
 of which are chewed with the betel- 
 nut and a little lime. 
 
 betel-nut (-nut), n. the nut-seed of 
 the East Indian areca-palm. 
 
 bethel (beth'el), n. a hallowed spot; 
 a dissenting chapel; a seaman's 
 chapel. 
 
 bethink (be-think'), v.t. & v.i. [p.t. 
 & p.p. bethought, p.pr. bethinking], 
 to call to mind ; consider ; remind 
 one's self; to reflect. 
 
 betide (be-tm"), v.t. to happen to; 
 befall : v.i. to come to pass. 
 
 betimes (be-timz'), adv. in good sea- 
 son or time ; before it is too late ; 
 early ; soon. 
 
 betoken (be-to'kn), v.t. to indicate 
 by signs ; serve as a sign or token 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bet 
 
 bew 
 
 of; foreshadow by what is visibly 
 present. 
 
 be ton (bet'un, French ba-tong'), n. 
 a concrete composed of lime, sand, 
 and gravel, used for submarine 
 structures. 
 
 be tony (bet'6-ni), n. a common name 
 for a woodland plant, with purple 
 flowers, formerly used in medicine 
 and as a dye. 
 
 betook, p.t. of betake. 
 
 betray (be-tra'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 betrayed, p.pr. betraying], to de- 
 liver into the hands of an enemy 
 by treachery; violate by fraud or 
 unfaithfulness ; reveal in breach of 
 confidence ; disclose inadvertently ; 
 deceive ; indicate or show. 
 
 betrayal (be-tra'al), n. the act of 
 betraying. 
 
 betroth (be-troth'), v.t. to contract 
 to give any one in marriage; af- 
 fiance ; plight or pledge one's troth 
 to. 
 
 betrothal (be-troth'al) or betroth- 
 ment ('ment), n. the act of en- 
 gaging to marry ; the state of being 
 engaged ; a mutual promise for fu- 
 ture marriage made between a man 
 and a woman. 
 
 better (bet'er), adj. [used as the 
 compar. of good], having good qual- 
 ities in a greater degree than an- 
 other ; preferable or more suitable ; 
 improved in health ; more perfect ; 
 larger ; greater : adv. [used as corn- 
 par, of well], in a superior or more 
 excellent manner ; more correctly or 
 thoroughly ; in a higher degree ; 
 more in extent : v.t. to improve or 
 ameliorate ; increase the good quali- 
 ties of ; surpass ; excel ; outdo : v.i. 
 to become better : n. a superior ; 
 one who has a claim to precedence 
 [usually in the pi.] ; superiority, 
 or advantage over [usually with 
 
 on. 
 
 better or bettor (bet'er), n. one 
 who wagers or lays bets. 
 
 betterment (bet'er-ment), n. a mak- 
 ing better ; the improvement of land 
 or houses. 
 
 betting (bet'ing), n. the act of mak- 
 ing bets. 
 
 between (be-twen'), prep, in the 
 space or interval which separates ; 
 
 in intermediate relation to ; from 
 one to another of; shared in com- 
 mon. 
 
 betweenwhiles ('hwilz), adv. at in- 
 tervals. 
 
 betwixt (be-twikst'), prep, between; 
 in the space which separates. 
 
 bevel (bev'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, 
 p.pr. -ing], to cut to a bevel- 
 angle : v.i. to slant or incline off to 
 a bevel-angle : n. an angle other- 
 wise than a right angle (90°) ; the 
 inclination which one surface makes 
 with another when not at right 
 angles ; an instrument used for 
 drawing angles : adj. having the 
 form of a bevel ; aslant. 
 
 bevel-gear (ger), n. a species of 
 wheel-work in which the axis or 
 shaft of the driving-wheel forms an 
 angle with the shaft of the wheel 
 driven. 
 
 bevel- wheel (hwel), n. a cog-wheel 
 with its working face oblique to 
 the axis. 
 
 bevelment (bev'el-ment), n. the act 
 or process of beveling. 
 
 beverage (bev'er-aj), n. drink of 
 any description; liquor for drink- 
 ing. 
 
 bevy (bev'i), a company or assembly 
 of persons, especially of ladies ; a 
 flock of quails or larks. 
 
 bewail (be-wal'), v.t. to mourn or 
 weep aloud for ; lament : v.i. to ex- 
 press grief. 
 
 bewailment (be-wal'ment), n. the 
 act of lamenting; a lamentation. 
 
 beware (be-war'), v.i. to be on one's 
 guard ; be wary or cautious ; take 
 care. 
 
 bewilder (be-wil'der), v.t. to lead 
 into perplexity or confusion; puz- 
 zle. 
 
 bewilderment (be-wil'der-ment), n. 
 the state of being greatly puzzled 
 or perplexed ; a tangled or con- 
 fused mass. 
 
 bewitch (be-wich'), v.t. to cast a 
 spell over; subject to witchcraft; 
 charm beyond the power of resist- 
 ance ; fascinate. 
 
 bewitchery (be-wich'er-i), n. witch- 
 ery ; fascination ; charm. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bew 
 
 bewitching (be-wich'ing), adj. hav- 
 ing power to fascinate ; captivat- 
 ing ; alluring. 
 
 bewitchment (be-wich'ment), n. 
 fascination ; charm ; power of be- 
 witching. 
 
 bewray (be-ra/), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 bewrayed, p.pr. bewraying], to ex- 
 pose, reveal. 
 
 bey (ba), n. a governor of a province 
 or district in the Turkish domin- 
 ions ; a Turkish title of respect ; a 
 beg. 
 
 beylik (ba'lik), n. the territory ruled 
 by a bey. 
 
 beyond (be-yond'), prep, on the fur- 
 ther side of ; before ; past ; out of 
 reach of ; later than ; above ; in a 
 degree or amount exceeding or sur- 
 passing : adv. further away ; yon- 
 der : n. that state of existence which 
 is beyond our present experience. 
 
 bezan (bez'an), n. sl Bengal cotton 
 cloth. 
 
 bez-antler (bez-ant'ler), n. the sec- 
 ond branch of a stag's horn next 
 to the antler proper. 
 
 bezel (bez'el), n. the slope at the 
 edge of a cutting tool ; the rim 
 which encompasses and fastens a 
 gem in its setting ; the groove in 
 which the glass of a watch is fitted. 
 
 bezetta (be-zet'ta), n. a dye obtained 
 by immersing coarse rags in a col- 
 ored solution. 
 
 bezique (be-zeV), n. a modern game 
 of cards. 
 
 bezoar (be'zor), n. a calcareous con- 
 cretion found in the intestines of 
 certain animals. 
 
 bhang or bang (bang), n. an East- 
 ern drug prepared from the dried 
 leaves of the hemp plant, having 
 strong narcotic and astringent qual- 
 ities ; hashish. 
 
 biannual (bl-an'u-al), adj. occur- 
 ring twice in a year. 
 
 biannually (-li), adv. twice a year. 
 
 bi articulate (bi-ar-tik'u-lat), adj. 
 having two joints. 
 
 bias (bi'as), n. [pi. biases (-ez)], a 
 seam formed by uniting the edges 
 of two pieces of cloth cut obliquely 
 to the texture ; a weight on the side 
 of a bowl which causes it to turn 
 from a straight line; prepossession 
 
 bib 
 
 or undue propensity for ; prejudice : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr. -ing], to 
 give a bias or particular direction 
 to ; incline to one side ; influence ; 
 prejudice ; prepossess : adv, in a 
 slanting manner; obliquely. 
 
 biauriculate (bi-aw-rik'u-lat), adj. 
 having two auricles, as the heart of 
 the higher vertebrates; having two 
 ear-like projections at the base, as 
 a leaf. 
 
 biaxial (bi-aks'i-al) or biaxal ('al), 
 adj. having two axes. 
 
 biaxially (-li), adv. with two axes. 
 
 bib (bib), n. a piece of cloth placed 
 under an infant's chin to protect its 
 clothes. 
 
 bibasic (bl-bas'ik), adj. a term ap- 
 plied to acids which combine with 
 two equivalents of a base. 
 
 bibber (bib'er), n. a tippler. 
 
 Bible (bl'bl), n. the Book (or the 
 Books) by pre-eminence; the writ- 
 ings of the Old and New Testament, 
 whether in the original tongue or 
 translated. 
 
 Biblical (bib'li-kal), adj. of or per- 
 taining to the Bible; scriptural. 
 
 Biblically (-li), adv. according to 
 the Bible. 
 
 Biblicist (bib'li-sist), n. one who 
 adheres to the strict letter of the 
 Bible. 
 
 bibliographer (bib-li-og'ra-fer), n. 
 one who is versed in the making of 
 books, or writes a history of their 
 production. 
 
 bibliographic (bib-li-o-graf'ik) or 
 bibliographical (-al), adj. per- 
 taining to the history of books. 
 
 bibliographically (-li), adv. in a 
 bibliographical manner. 
 
 bibliography (bib-li-og'ra-fi), n. the 
 science or description of books ; a 
 list of authorities on any subject. 
 
 biblioklept (bib'li-6-klept) , n.a book 
 stealer. 
 
 bibliolater (bib-li-ol'a-ter) or bib- 
 liolatrist (-trist), n. a book wor- 
 shiper ; one addicted to bibliolatry. 
 
 bibliolatry (bib-li-ol'a-tri), n. book 
 worship ; excessive reverence for the 
 letter of the Scriptures. 
 
 bibliological ( bib-li-o-loj'ik-al ) , adj. 
 pertaining to bibliology. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bib 
 
 bid 
 
 bibliology (bib-li-ol'o-ji), n. an ac- 
 count of books ; Biblical literature 
 or doctrine. 
 
 bibliomania (bib-li-o-ma'ni-a), n. a 
 mania for acquiring rare and curi- 
 ous books. 
 
 bibliomaniac (bib-li-o-ma'ni-ak), n. 
 one who has a mania for acquiring 
 books. 
 
 bibliophile (bib'li-o-fil), n. a lover 
 of books. 
 
 bibliophilism (bib-li-of'i-lizm), n. 
 love of books. 
 
 bibliopole (bib'li-o-pol), n. a book- 
 seller, especially one who deals in 
 rare works. 
 
 bibliotheca (bib-li-o-the'ka), n. a 
 library. 
 
 biblus (bib'lus), n. another name 
 ^for. the papyrus. 
 
 bibulous (bib'u-lus), adj. readily ab- 
 sorbing or imbibing fluids ; spongy ; 
 addicted to drink. 
 
 bicallose (bl-kal'ds) or bicallous 
 ('us), adj. having two callosities. 
 
 bicameral (bi-kam'e-ral), adj. per- 
 taining to or consisting of two 
 legislative chambers. 
 
 bicarbonate (bi-kar'bon-at), n. a 
 carbonate or salt containing two 
 equivalents of carbonic acid to one 
 of a base. 
 
 bicarinate (bi-kar'i-nat), adj. hav- 
 ing two keel-like projections. 
 
 bicaudate (bi-kaw'dat), adj. fur- 
 nished with or ending in two tails. 
 
 bice or bise (bis), n. name given to 
 two pigments used in painting, one 
 . blue and the other green, called blue 
 bice and green bice respectively. 
 
 bicentenary (bi-sen'te-na-ri), n. the 
 two hundredth anniversary of any 
 event, or its celebration : adj. per- 
 taining to a bicentenary. 
 
 bicentennial (bi-sen-ten'i-al), adj. 
 comprising two hundred years : n. 
 the two hundredth anniversary of 
 an event, or its celebration. 
 
 bicephalous (bi-sef'a-lus), adj. hav- 
 ing two heads. 
 
 biceps (bi'seps), n. a muscle having 
 two heads ; the large flexor muscle 
 of the arm and thigh. 
 
 bichloride (bi-klo'rid or ('rid), n. a 
 compound of two or more atoms of 
 chlorine combined with a base. 
 
 bichord (bl'kord), adj. having two 
 chords. 
 
 bichromate (bi-kro'mat), n. a salt 
 having two parts of chromic acid to 
 one of the base. 
 
 bicipital (bl-sip'it-al) or bicipi- 
 tous (-us), adj. having two heads; 
 pertaining to a biceps muscle; di- 
 viding into two parts at either ex- 
 tremity. 
 
 bicker (bik'er), v.i. to engage in 
 petty altercation ; move rapidly 
 with a noise ; quiver ; flicker : n. a 
 noisy wrangle. 
 
 biconcave (bi-kon'kav), adj. hollow 
 on both sides. 
 
 biconjugate (bi-kon'jti-gat), adj. 
 twice paired. 
 
 biconvex (bl-kon'veks), adj. rounded 
 on both sides. 
 
 bicorn (bl'korn) or bicornus ('us), 
 adj. having two horns. 
 
 bicorporal (bi-kor'po-ral) or bi- 
 corporate (-rat), adj. having two 
 bodies. 
 
 bicuspid (bl-kus'pid) or bicuspi- 
 date (-at), adj. having two points 
 or prominences : n. one of the 
 double-pointed teeth forming the 
 first pair of molars on either side 
 
 ' of the jaw, above and below. 
 
 bicycle (bi'si-kl), n. a vehicular ma- 
 chine of various forms, but consist- 
 ing primarily of two wheels placed 
 in line, connected by a fork and 
 backbone, and supporting a saddle 
 for the rider, the machine being 
 propelled by means of treadles at- 
 tached to cranks or levers : v.i. to 
 ride on a bicycle. 
 
 bicycling (bi'si-kling), or bicy- 
 clism (-klizm), n. the practice or 
 art of riding a bicycle. (The abbre- 
 viation cycling is now more gener- 
 ally though less accurately used.) 
 
 bicyclist (bi'sik-list), n. one who 
 rides a bicycle ; a cyclist. 
 
 bid (bid), v.t. [p.t. bade (bad) or 
 bid, p.p. bidden, bid, p.pr. bidding], 
 to make an offer of ; propose as a 
 price ; offer for ; invite ; request ; 
 ask ; offer or express by words ; 
 command ; order or direct ; enjoin ; 
 to proclaim : v.i. to make an offer ; 
 offer a price : n. an offer of a price ; 
 a price offered at auction. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bid 
 
 biddable (bid'a-bl), adj. docile, 
 obedient. 
 
 bidder (bid'er), n. one who bids or 
 offers a price, as at a sale or auc- 
 tion. 
 
 biddery-ware (bid'er-i-war), n. in- 
 laid work made from a metallic 
 ^alloy. Called also bidhri-ware. 
 
 bidding (bid'ing), n. an order; com- 
 mand ; proclamation ; the act of 
 offering a price at auction. 
 
 biddy (bid'i), n. a fowl or chicken. 
 
 bide (bid), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. bode, 
 bided, p.pr. biding] , inhabit ; reside : 
 v.t. to endure ; suffer ; wait for. 
 
 bid en t (bl'dent), n. a two-pronged 
 instrument. 
 
 bidental (bi-den'tal) or bidentate 
 ('tat), adj. having two teeth, or 
 two tooth-like processes. 
 
 bidet (bi-det', French be-da'), n. a 
 form of night commode ; a portable 
 bath ; a sitz bath. 
 
 bidhri-ware. See biddery-ware. 
 
 biennial (bi-en'ni-al), adj. happen- 
 ing once in two years ; continuing 
 or existing for two years, as plants : 
 n. a plant which produces roots and 
 leaves in the first year, and in the 
 second flowers, fruit, and seed, aft- 
 erwards perishing ; something which 
 is held once in two years. 
 
 biennially (-li), adv. once in two 
 years. 
 
 bier (ber), n. a frame or carriage on 
 which a corpse is placed, or con- 
 veyed to the grave; a tomb. 
 
 bifacial (bi-fa'-shi-al), adj. having 
 two similar faces or the opposite 
 surfaces alike. 
 
 bifarious (bi-fa'ri-us), adj. two- 
 fold ; two-rowed ; pointing in two 
 ways. 
 
 biferous (bif'er-us), adj. bearing 
 flowers or fruit twice a year. 
 
 "bifid (bl'fid), adj. partially divided 
 into two. 
 
 bifilar (bi-fil'ar), adj. two-threaded; 
 fitted with two threads. 
 
 bifocal (bl-fo'kal), adj. having two 
 foci. 
 
 bifold (bi'fold), adj. two-fold; dou- 
 ble. 
 
 bifoliate (bi-fo'li-at), adj. having 
 two leaves. 
 
 bij 
 
 bifurcate (bl-fer'kat), v.i. tq divide 
 in two directions or branches. 
 
 bifurcate (bi-fer'kat) or bifur- 
 cated (-ed), adj. divided into two 
 branches. 
 
 bifurcation (bi-fer-ka'shun), n. a 
 forking or division into two 
 branches. 
 
 big (big), adj. compar. bigger, su- 
 perl. biggest], of great bulk or mag- 
 nitude ; grown up ; pregnant ; full 
 of something important ; full ; in- 
 flated ; pompous. 
 
 big game (big' gam), n. a hunter's 
 name for large animals. 
 
 bighorn (big'horn), n. the wild sheep 
 ^of the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 bigwig (big'wig), n. an important 
 person ; great official importance. 
 
 biga (bl'ga), n. a two-horse chariot. 
 
 bigamist (big'a-mist), n. one guilty 
 of bigamy. 
 
 bigamous (big'a-mus), adj. pertain- 
 ing to and involving bigamy. 
 
 bigamy (big'a-mi), n. the offense of 
 contracting a second marriage dur- 
 ing the existence of a former mar- 
 riage. 
 
 bight (bit), n. a loop or bend of a 
 rope, in distinction from the ends; 
 a bend in a coast-line forming an 
 open bay ; a small bay between two 
 headlands. 
 
 Bignonia (big-no'ni-a), n. a large 
 genus of American tropical climb- 
 ing plants, to which the trumpet- 
 creeper belongs. 
 
 bigot (big'ot), n. one who is unrea- 
 sonably and blindly attached to a 
 particular creed, church, or party ; 
 one who is intolerant of opinions 
 which differ from his own. 
 
 bigoted (big'ot-ed), adj. character- 
 ized by bigotry. 
 
 bigotry (big'ot-ri), n. [pi. bigotries 
 (-riz)], the state or condition of a 
 narrow-minded, intolerant person ; 
 blind and obstinate attachment to a 
 particular creed, party, or opinion ; 
 intolerance ; fanaticism. 
 
 bijou (be-zhoo'), n. [pi. bijoux 
 (-zhooz)], a jewel; any small and 
 elegantly finished article. 
 
 bijouterie ( be-zhoo 'tre), n. jewelry 
 or other small articles of vertu. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, £7ten. 
 
bik 
 
 bil 
 
 bike (bik), n. a bicycle: v.i. to ride 
 a bicycle. 
 
 bilabiate (bl-la'bi-at), adj. having 
 two lips. 
 
 bilander (bil'an- & bi'l&n-der), n. a 
 small two-masted Dutch vessel of 
 the hoy class. 
 
 bilateral (bl-lat'er-al), adj. per- 
 taining to, or having two sides. 
 
 bilaterally (-li), adv. in a two- 
 sided manner ; on both sides. 
 
 bilberry (bil'ber-ri), n. [pi. bilber- 
 ries (-riz)], the whortleberry. 
 
 bilbo (bil'bo), n. [pi. bilboes ('boz)], 
 a rapier or sword ; pi. a long bar of 
 iron with sliding shackles for the 
 feet, and a lock at the end, for- 
 merly used as fetters. 
 
 bile (bil), n. a yellow bitter fluid 
 secreted by the liver from venous 
 blood ; ill-humor. 
 
 bile-stone (-ston), n. a gall-stone. 
 
 bilge (bilj), n. the bulging part of a 
 cask; the broadest part of a ship's 
 bottom, on which the vessel rests 
 when aground : v.i. to spring a leak 
 by a fracture in the bilge : v.t. to 
 stave, or break in, the bottom or 
 bilge of a ship. 
 
 bilge-board (-bord), n. one of the 
 boards covering the timbers where 
 the bilge-water accumulates. 
 
 bilge-keel (-kel), n. a piece of tim- 
 ber secured edgewise under the bot- 
 tom of a vessel to prevent heavy 
 rolling. 
 
 bilge- water (-waw-ter), n. water 
 which accumulates in the bilge of 
 a ship. 
 
 bilge-ways (-waz), n.pl. the timber 
 supporting the cradle of a vessel, 
 which upholds it while being built, 
 and in launching. 
 
 biliary (bil'i-a-ri), adj. pertaining to 
 the bile; conveying the bile. 
 
 bilin (bi'lin), n. a yellow gummy 
 substance precipitated from bile. 
 
 bilingual (bi'ling'gwal), adj. writ- 
 ten or expressed in two languages. 
 
 bilingually (-li), adv. in two lan- 
 guages. 
 
 bilious (bil'yus), adj. pertaining to 
 the bile ; having the system disor- 
 dered by derangement of the -biliary 
 function ; choleric. 
 
 biliousness (-nes), n. the state of 
 being bilious. 
 
 biliteral ( bi-lit'er-al ) , adj. consist- 
 ing of two letters : n. a word, root, 
 or syllable consisting of two letters. 
 
 bilk (bilk), v.t. to spoil the score of 
 an opponent at cribbage; deceive 
 or defraud, as by evading a pay- 
 ment ; leave in the lurch : n. the 
 act of spoiling the score of an oppo- 
 nent at cribbage ; a swindler. 
 
 bill (bil), n. the beak of a bird: v.i. 
 to join bills, as doves; caress in 
 fondness ; to issue bills or posters. 
 
 bill (bil), n. a kind of hatchet with 
 a blade hook-shaped toward the 
 point, used in pruning, &c. ; a bat- 
 tle-axe, attached to a long staff, 
 formerly used by infantry ; the ex- 
 tremity of the fluke of an anchor. 
 
 bill (bil), n. an account for goods 
 sold, services rendered, or work 
 done; a document binding the 
 signer or signers to pay a specified 
 sum at a certain date or on de- 
 mand ; a draft of a proposed statute 
 presented to a legislature ; a printed 
 advertisement; any written paper 
 containing a statement of particu- 
 lars ; a written declaration of wrong 
 or injury sustained or committed. 
 
 bill-broker (bil'bro-ker), n. one 
 who negotiates the discount of bills 
 of exchange. 
 
 bill of entry (en'tri), n. a written 
 account of goods entered at the cus- 
 tom house. 
 
 bill of exchange (eks-chanj'), n. a 
 written order from one person or 
 house (the drawer) to another (the 
 acceptor) to pay to the person des- 
 ignated a certain sum at a fixed 
 time, in consideration of value re- 
 ceived. 
 
 bill of health (-helth), n. a certifi- 
 cate given to the master of a vessel, 
 under the signature of a consul or 
 other authority, specifying the state 
 of the health of a ship's company 
 or passengers at the time of her 
 clearing a port. 
 
 bill of lading (la'ding), «. a docu- 
 ment specifying the goods shipped 
 on board a vessel, and signed by the 
 master of such ship, acknowledging 
 the receipt of the goods, and under- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bil 
 
 taking their safe conveyal to the 
 consignee, unforeseen perils being 
 only excepted. 
 
 bill of mortality (mor-tal'i-ti), n. 
 the official return of the deaths 
 (also births) occurring in a par- 
 ticular district within a certain 
 period. 
 
 "bill of sale (sal), n. a formal in- 
 strument for the transfer of goods 
 and chattels. 
 
 billet (bil'et), n. a small paper in 
 writing ; a note or short letter ; 
 ticket directing soldiers at what 
 house to lodge ; a soldier's lodging : 
 v.t. to quarter or lodge, as soldiers : 
 v.i. to be quartered or lodged. 
 
 billet (bil'et), n. a small stick or log 
 of wood, as for fuel ; an ornament 
 in Norman work, resembling a bil- 
 let of wood. 
 
 billet-doux (bil-le-doo'), n. [pi. 
 billets-doux (bil-le-doo')], a love- 
 letter. 
 
 bill-book (bil'hook), w. a small kind 
 of hatchet with a hooked point. 
 
 billiards (bil'yerdz), n. a game 
 played on a rectangular, cloth-cov- 
 ered slate table, 12 ft. x 6 ft. in 
 size, with ivory balls and a cue. 
 (The sing, form billiard is used 
 always in composition.) 
 
 billingsgate (bil'ingz-gat), n. coarse 
 or profane language ; virulent abuse. 
 
 billion (bil'yun), n. in the United 
 States one thousand millions (1,- 
 000,000,000) ; in England a million 
 millions (1,000,000,000,000). 
 
 billon (bil'on), n. an alloy of gold 
 and silver, with a large proportion 
 of copper or other base metal, used 
 in coinage of low value. 
 
 billot (bil'ot), n. bullion in the mass 
 or bar. 
 
 billow (bil'o), n. a great wave of 
 the sea swelled by the wind : v.i. 
 to rise and roll in large waves or 
 surges. 
 
 billy-goat (bil'i-got), n. a male goat. 
 
 bilobate (bi-lo'bat), or bilobed 
 ('lobd), adj. divided into two lobes 
 or segments. 
 
 bimanous (bi'ma-nus), adj. having 
 two hands. 
 
 bimetallic (bi-me-tal'ik), adj. per- 
 
 bfa 
 
 taining to two metals ; pertaining to 
 bimetallism. 
 
 bimetallism (bi-met'al-izm), n. the 
 legalized adoption of two metals (as 
 gold and silver) in the currency of 
 a country, at a fixed ratio. 
 
 bimetallist (bl-met'al-ist), n. an ad- 
 vocate for the use of a double 
 metallic standard. 
 
 bimonthly (bl-munth'li), adj. oc- 
 curring once in two months. [Some- 
 times incorrectly employed to desig- 
 nate semi-monthly periodicals.] 
 
 bin (bin), n. a receptacle for any 
 commodity, as corn, coal, &c. ; a 
 frame for bottles in a wine-cellar. 
 
 binary (bl'na-'ri), adj. consisting of 
 two things or parts ; twofold. 
 
 binary star (star), n. a double star 
 or sun whose members revolve round 
 their common center of gravity. 
 
 binate (bi'nat), adj. growing in 
 couples. 
 
 bind (bind), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bound; 
 p.pr. binding], to confine or make 
 fast with a cord or band ; confine 
 or restrain by physical force ; unite 
 by bonds of affection, loyalty, or 
 duty ; hold by any moral tie ; hinder 
 or restrain; protect or strengthen 
 by a band, border or cover ; fasten 
 together ; cause to cohere ; place 
 under legal obligation : v.i. to tie 
 up ; confine by ligature or band ; 
 be obligatory ; grow hard or stiff ; 
 stick together : n. anything which 
 binds or ties ; a twining stem ; a 
 stalk of hops ; indurated clay or 
 shale forming the roof of a coal- 
 seam ; a musical sign or brace 
 grouping notes together. 
 
 bind- weed (-wed), n. a common 
 name for plants belonging to the 
 genus Convolvulus. 
 
 binding (bmd'ing), n. the act of 
 making fast ; a bandage ; the cover 
 of a book ; something that secures 
 the edges of cloth. 
 
 bine (bin), n. the slender stem of a 
 twining plant. 
 
 bing (bing), n. a heap or pile of any- 
 thing. 
 
 binnacle (bin'a-kl), n. a turret- 
 shaped box containing a ship's com- 
 pass. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bin 
 
 bir 
 
 binocle (bin'o-kl or bl'no-kl), n. a 
 field or opera glass with two eye- 
 tubes for the use of both eyes at 
 once. 
 
 binocular (bi-nok- or bin-ok'u-ler), 
 adj. having two eyes ; pertaining to, 
 or suited to, the use of both eyes. 
 Also binoculate. 
 
 binomial (bi-no'mi-al), n. an expres- 
 sion or quantity consisting of two 
 terms connected by the sign plus 
 ( + ) or minus ( — ) : adj. consist- 
 ing of two terms ; pertaining to bi- 
 nomials ; having two names. 
 
 binomial theorem (the'o-rem), n. 
 the celebrated theorem of Sir Isaac 
 Newton, which expresses the law of 
 formation of any power of a bino- 
 mial. 
 
 binoxide. Same as dioxide. 
 
 bioblast* Another name for bio- 
 plast. 
 
 biodynamics (bi-o-di-nam'iks), n. 
 the doctrine of vital force or energy. 
 
 biogenesis (bi-o-jen'e-sis), or biog- 
 eny (-oj'e-ni), n. the doctrine that 
 living organisms can proceed only 
 from, or be generated by, living 
 parents or germs ; the science of 
 life development. 
 
 biograph (bl'o-graf), n. a device for 
 projecting animated pictures onto a 
 screen. 
 
 biographer ( bi-og'ra-f er ) , n. one 
 who writes the history of a particu- 
 lar person's life. 
 
 biogr aphically ( bi-o-graf 'i-kal-li ) , 
 adv. in the manner of a life history. 
 
 biography (bi-og'ra-fi), n. [pi. biog- 
 raphies (-fiz)], the history of the 
 life of a particular person ; bio- 
 graphical writings in general. 
 
 biologic (bi-o-loj'ik), or biological 
 (-a.1), adj. pertaining to the science 
 of life. 
 
 biologically (-li), adv. in accord- 
 ance with the principles of biology. 
 
 biologist (bi-ol'o-jist), n. one who 
 studies, or is skilled in, the science 
 of living forms. 
 
 biology (bi-ol'-o-ji), n. the science 
 which deals with the origin and life- 
 history of plants and animals. 
 
 bioplasm (bi'o-plazm), n. living 
 germinal matter or protoplasm. 
 
 bioplast (bi'o-plast), n. a minute 
 
 mass of protoplasm possessing 
 formative powers. 
 
 biotaxy (bi'o-tak-si), n. the classifi- 
 cation of living organisms according 
 to their structural characters. 
 
 biparons (bip'a-rus), adj. bringing 
 forth two at a birth. 
 
 bipartite (bl-par'tit), adj. divided 
 into two similar parts; having two 
 correspondent parts. 
 
 bipartition (bi-par-tish'un), n. the 
 act of dividing into two parts ; the 
 state of being so divided. 
 
 biped (bl'ped), adj. having two feet: 
 n. a two-footed animal. 
 
 bipedal (bl'ped-al), adj. pertaining 
 to a biped ; two-footed. 
 
 bipennate (bl-pen'nat), or bipen- 
 nated (-ed), adj. having two wings. 
 
 bipinnate (bi-pin'nat), or bipin- 
 nated (-ed), adj. doubly pinnate. 
 
 biplicate (bl'pli-kat), adj. doubly 
 folded. 
 
 bi quadrate (bi-kwod'rat), or bi- 
 quadratic (-rat'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the fourth power : n. the 
 fourth power, arising from the mul- 
 tiplication of a square number or 
 quantity by itself. 
 
 birch (berch), n. [pi. birches ( r ez)], 
 a tree or shrub belonging to the 
 genus Betula ; a rod formed of birch 
 twigs used for punishment ; a birch- 
 bark canoe : adj. birchen : v.t. to 
 chastise with a birch rod ; flog. 
 
 birchen (ber'chen), adj. pertaining 
 to, or consisting of, birch. 
 
 bird (berd), n. a warm-blooded 
 feathered vertebrate, furnished with 
 wings, and belonging to the class 
 Aves; small feathered game, as dis- 
 tinguished from water-fowl : v.i. to 
 shoot or catch birds. 
 
 birdlime (berd'lim), n. a viscous 
 substance prepared from holly-bark, 
 and used for entangling small birds 
 in bird-snaring : v.t. to smear with 
 birdlime. 
 
 bird's-eye (berdz'i), adj. seen from 
 above, or at a glance, as by a flying 
 bird ; hence, general, not minute or 
 detailed. 
 
 biretta (be-ret'ta), n. a square ec- 
 clesiastical cap. Also birretta, be- 
 retta, berretta. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not;_boon, 
 D. 9, book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
l>ir 
 
 Lit 
 
 birn (bern), n. that part of a clario- 
 net or a similar instrument into 
 which the mouthpiece fits. 
 
 birostrate (bi-ros'trat), adj. having 
 a double beak, or beak-like process. 
 
 birth, (berth), n. the act of coming 
 into life; the fact of being born; 
 the act of bringing forth ; lineage ; 
 extraction; descent; origin; begin- 
 ning. 
 
 birth-rate ('rat), n. the increase of 
 population as shown by the percent- 
 age of registered births to the num- 
 ber of inhabitants in a district 
 within a specified period. 
 
 birth-right ('rit), n. any right or 
 privilege to which a person is en- 
 titled by birth ; the right of the first 
 born. 
 
 biscuit (bis'kit), n. a kind of un- 
 raised bread, baked hard and dry, 
 and shaped in flat cakes ; pottery 
 after the first baking and previous 
 to glazing and burning. 
 
 bisect (bi-sekt'), v.t. to cut or di- 
 vide into two equal parts. 
 
 bisection (bl-sek'shun), n. division 
 into two equal parts. 
 
 bisector (bl-sek'ter). n. one who, or 
 that which, bisects ; a straight line 
 which bisects an angle. 
 
 bisexual ( bi-seks'u-al ) , adj. combin- 
 ing the organs of both sexes in one 
 individual ; hermaphrodite. 
 
 bishop (bish'up), n. one of the high- 
 est orders of an Episcopal Church ; 
 below in rank to an archbishop, but 
 above a priest ; a spiritual overseer ; 
 the spiritual head or ruler of a 
 diocese, having the power of ordina- 
 tion, confirmation, and consecra- 
 tion; the name of one of the pieces 
 used in playing chess, having the 
 top cleft in resemblance to a miter, 
 originally called archer; a beverage 
 composed of wine, oranges, lemons, 
 and sugar ; a woman's dress-im- 
 prover ; a kind of pinafore : v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. -ed, p.pr. -ing], to make a 
 horse appear younger by manipulat- 
 ing its teeth, and hence to deceive 
 by improving the appearance of any- 
 thing. 
 
 bishop's sleeve (bish'ups-slev), n. 
 a wide sleeve worn by women, so 
 
 called from its resemblance to that 
 worn by Anglican bishops. 
 
 bishop's staff (bish'ups-staf), n. a 
 crosier. 
 
 bishopric (bish'up-rik), n. the of- 
 fice, dignity or jurisdiction of a 
 bishop ; a diocese. 
 
 bisk or bisque (bisk), n. soup or 
 broth composed of several kinds of 
 meat or fish boiled together; craw- 
 fish soup; a stroke allowed to an 
 inferior player or side at lawn- 
 tennis. 
 
 bismuth (bis'- or biz'muth), n. one 
 of the elements, a light reddish- 
 colored metal of brittle texture. 
 
 bison (bl'son), n. the aurochs, or 
 European bison, still preserved in 
 Lithuania; the American bison, in- 
 accurately termed the buffalo, which 
 is now practically extinct. 
 
 bisque (bisk), n. an unglazed white 
 porcelain, used for statuettes, &c. 
 
 bissextile (bis-seks'til), n. leap- 
 -year: adj. pertaining to leap-year. 
 
 bister (bis'ter), n. a dark brown 
 pigment extracted from wood-soot 
 
 bisulphate (bi-sul'fat), n. a salt of 
 sulphuric acid in which half of its 
 hydrogen is replaced by a positive 
 element. 
 
 bisulphite (bi-sul'fit), n. a salt of 
 sulphurous acid, half the hydrogen 
 of which is replaced by the base. 
 
 bisymmetry ( bi-sim'e-tri ) , n. corre- 
 spondence of the right and left parts 
 of anything. 
 
 bit (bit), p.t. & p.p. of bite. 
 
 bit (bit), n. a tool for boring; the 
 metal mouthpiece of a bridle; the 
 part of a key which enters the lock 
 and acts on the bolts and tumblers ; 
 the cutting blade of a plane; a 
 small piece or fragment of any- 
 thing ; any small coin : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. bitted; p.pr. bitting], to put a 
 bridle upon; put the bit in the 
 mouth of. 
 
 bitch (bich), n. the female of the 
 dog, or of other canine animals. 
 
 bite (bit), v.t. [p.t. bit, p.p. bitten, 
 bit, p.pr. biting], to seize, grip, cut, 
 or crush with the teeth ; sting, as an 
 insect ; cause smarting pain to ; cut ; 
 pinch, as with intense cold; blight 
 or blast; take fast hold on; to cor- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bit 
 
 bla 
 
 rode or eat into ; to cheat, trick, take 
 in [now only in p.p.] : v.i. to have 
 the habit or exercise the power of 
 biting ; inflict injury with the teeth ; 
 cause to sting or smart ; take a bait ; 
 take a firm hold : n. the act of 
 seizing with the teeth ; a wound 
 made by the teeth, or by a sting; 
 a mouthful ; a hold or grip ; in print- 
 ing, a blank on a page due to some 
 intervening substance between the 
 paper and the type. 
 
 bi-telepkone (bl-tel'e-fon), n. a pair 
 of telephones arranged so that they 
 can be applied simultaneously to 
 both ears. 
 
 bitingly (-li), adv. in a sarcastic 
 manner. 
 
 bitt (bit), n. a post of wood or iron 
 to which cables are made fast [gen- 
 erally used in the pi.] : v.t. to put 
 round the bitts. 
 
 bitten, p.p. of bite. 
 
 bitter (bit'er), adj. having a sharp 
 or harsh taste ; acrid ; piercing ; 
 painful ; grievous ; poignant ; severe ; 
 reproachful ; caustic ; sarcastic ; 
 cruel : n. any substance that is bit- 
 ter. 
 
 bitter- cup (-kup), n. a cup made of 
 quassia wood, which imparts a bit- 
 ter taste to liquids poured into it. 
 
 bitter-sweet (bit'er-swet), n. the 
 woody nightshade, the roots and 
 leaves of which when chewed pro- 
 duce first a bitter, then a sweet 
 taste. 
 
 bitterish, (-ish), adj. somewhat bit- 
 ter. 
 
 bittern (bit'ern), n. a wading bird 
 of the heron family ; the residual 
 brine in salt works from which 
 Epsom salt is prepared. 
 
 bitters (bit'ers), n.pl. liquor in 
 which herbs or roots are steeped. 
 
 bitumen (bi-tu/men), n. mineral 
 pitch. 
 
 bituminous (bi-tu'min-us), adj. hav- 
 ing the qualities of, or containing, 
 bitumen. 
 
 bivalent (bi'va- or biv'a-lent), n. an 
 element, one of the atoms of which 
 can replace two atoms of hydrogen. 
 
 bivalve (bi'valv), adj. having two 
 valves or shells united by a liga- 
 
 ment : n. a mollusk whose shell is 
 composed of two parts or valves, 
 connected by a ligament or hinge, 
 which are opened or closed by 
 muscles, as the oyster or mussel. 
 
 bivouac (biv'oo-ak), n. an encamp- 
 ment of soldiers in the open air, 
 without tents : hence, any open air 
 encampment : v.i. to encamp with- 
 out tents in the open. 
 
 biwa (be'wa), n. a Japanese musical 
 ^instrument similar to the mandolin. 
 
 biweekly (bi-wek'li), adj. occurring 
 or appearing every two weeks ; fort- 
 nightly [frequently confused with 
 semi-weekly = twice in a week]. 
 
 bizarre (bi-zar',) adj. odd in manner 
 or appearance ; fanciful ; grotesque. 
 
 blab (blab), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. blabbed, 
 p.pr. blabbing], to tell thoughtless- 
 ly : v.i. to talk indiscreetly ; tell 
 tales : n. one who lets out secrets, 
 or tells tales. 
 
 black (blak), adj. destitute of light; 
 of the darkest hue ; opposed to 
 white ; enveloped in darkness ; dis- 
 mal ; gloomy or forbidding ; desti- 
 tute of moral light or goodness ; 
 atrocious ; evil ; calamitous ; threat- 
 ening ; clouded with anger ; sullen : 
 n. the darkest color ; the opposite of 
 white; a black pigment or dye; a 
 negro ; mourning : v.t. to make 
 black ; blacken ; apply blacking to. 
 
 blackamoor (blak'a-moor), n. a 
 negro. 
 
 black antimony (an'-ti-mo-ni), n. 
 the black sulphide of antimony. 
 
 black art, necromancy, magic. 
 
 blackball (blak'bawl), v.t. to reject 
 or exclude (as a candidate) by 
 placing black balls in the ballot 
 box. 
 
 blackberry, (blak'ber-ri), n. the 
 fruit of several species of bramble. 
 
 blackbird (blak'berd), n. an English 
 song bird, a species of thrush. 
 Called also merle, ousel, or black 
 thrush ; a crow-like bird of North 
 America; a name given to a kid- 
 napped negro or Polynesian. 
 
 blackbirding (-ing), n. the kidnap- 
 ping of such negroes or Polyne- 
 sians. 
 
 black-canker (blak'-kangk-er), n. 
 a disease in root crops. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bla 
 
 Ma 
 
 black- cap (blak'-kap), n. the popu- 
 lar name of several black-crested 
 birds; the cap worn by a judge 
 when pronouncing sentence of 
 death ; the black raspberry. 
 
 black-cattle (blak'-kat'l), n.pl. cat- 
 tle raised for slaughter, irrespective 
 of color. 
 
 black-cock (blak'-kok), n. the male 
 of the European black grouse or 
 black game ; the heath-cock. 
 
 black-currant (blak'kur-ent), n. 
 the well-known garden bush, and 
 its fruit. 
 
 blacken (blak'n), v.i. to grow black 
 ■ or dark : v.t. to make black ; de- 
 fame; asperse. 
 
 black-fish (blak'-fish), n. a female 
 salmon immediately after spawn- 
 ing; a common name for several 
 species of English and American 
 fish. 
 
 black-flag (blak'-flag), n. the flag 
 of a pirate with a skull and cross- 
 bones emblazoned upon it. 
 
 black-fly (blak'-fli), n. a black 
 plant-louse; a minute beetle inju- 
 rious to turnips. 
 
 black-friar (blak'-fri-ar), n. a friar 
 of the Dominican order ; so called 
 from the black gown adopted by 
 members of the order. 
 
 blackguard (blag'ard), n. a man of 
 low character, and addicted to the 
 use of foul or abusive language; a 
 scoundrel : adj. vicious ; low ; vile ; 
 scurrilous ; abusive : v.t. to revile in 
 scurrilous language. 
 
 blackguardism (blag'ard-izm), n. 
 the conduct or language of a black- 
 guard. 
 
 black-hole (blak'-hol), n. a dun- 
 geon or dark cell in a prison; a 
 place of confinement for soldiers. 
 
 blacking (blak'ing), n. a prepara- 
 tion for imparting a shining black 
 polish to boots. 
 
 blackish (blak'ish), adj. somewhat 
 black. 
 
 black-jack (blak'-jak), n. a large 
 leathern vessel or drinking-cup of 
 old times; the ensign of a pirate; 
 a Cornish mining term for blende. 
 
 blacklead (blak'led), v.t. to cover 
 with blacklead or plumbago: n. 
 plumbago. 
 
 black-leg (blak'-leg), n. one who 
 endeavors to obtain money by cheat- 
 ing at races or cards ; a rook ; an 
 opprobrious term for a workman 
 who is not a member of any trade 
 union ; a disease affecting sheep and 
 cattle. 
 
 black-letter (blak'-let-er), n. the 
 old English or Gothic letter em- 
 ployed in the early manuscripts and 
 the first printed books : adj. writ- 
 ten or printed in black-letter. 
 
 black-list (blak'list), n. a list of 
 persons who are deemed to be de- 
 serving of punishment, or whom it 
 is desirable to exclude from busi- 
 ness transactions : v.t. to put in a 
 black-list. 
 
 blackmail (blak'ma.1), n. a tax an- 
 ciently paid in money, corn, or cat- 
 tle, in the north of England, and in 
 Scotland, to the agents of robbers, 
 to secure protection from pillage : 
 hence extortion by means of intimi- 
 dation: v.t. to extort money or 
 goods from by intimidation of any 
 kind. 
 
 blacksmith (blak'smith), n. a smith 
 who works in iron and makes iron 
 utensils, horse-shoes, &c. 
 
 blackthorn (blak'th6rn), n. the 
 sloe; a stick cut from the stem of 
 the sloe. 
 
 bladder (blad'er), n. a thin elastic 
 membranous bag in animals, in 
 which a fluid is collected ; any ves- 
 icle, blister, or pustule containing 
 fluid or air; a hollow membranous 
 appendage to some plants : v.t. put 
 up in a bladder, as lard. 
 
 bladdery (blad'er-i), adj. resembling 
 or containing bladders. 
 
 blade (blad), n. the leaf of a grass; 
 the young stalk or spire of a grass ; 
 the broad expanded part of a leaf; 
 the cutting part of an instrument; 
 the broad part of an oar; anything 
 resembling a blade ; a dashing, reck- 
 less, rollicking fellow: v.t. to fur- 
 nish with a blade: v.i. put forth 
 blades. 
 
 blade-bone (blad'bon), n. the scap- 
 ula or shoulder-blade. 
 
 blain (blan), n. a pustule or blister. 
 
 blamable or blameable (blam'a- 
 bl ) , adj. deserving of censure. , 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bla 
 
 Ma 
 
 blaiuably (-bli), adv. in aculpable 
 
 manner. • 
 
 blame (blam), v.t. to censure; re- 
 proach : n. an imputation of a fault ; 
 censure; responsibility for anything 
 wrong. 
 blameful (blam'fool), adj. meriting 
 
 blame. 
 blamefnlly (-li), adv. in a censur- 
 able manner. 
 blanch (blanch), v.t. to take the 
 color out ; make lustrous ; to remove 
 the covering of: v.i. become white; 
 turn pale: n. lead ore found sepa- 
 rate in the rock. 
 blanc-mange (bla-monzh'), n. a 
 white jelly, composed of isinglass, &c. 
 bland (bland), adj. mild: soft; gen- 
 tle ; affable ; soothing. 
 blandishment (blan'dish-ment), n. 
 winning expressions or actions ; art- 
 ful caresses. 
 blank (blangk), adj. confounded; 
 confused; dejected; empty; free 
 from writing or printing; without 
 result ; absolute ; complete : n. any 
 void space; an unfilled space in a 
 written or printed document; a lot- 
 tery ticket to which no prize is at- 
 tached; a disk of metal prior to 
 stamping; the white spot in the 
 center of a target : v.t. a euphemis- 
 tic form of the oath damn. 
 blank verse (vers), n. unrhymed 
 
 verse. 
 blanket (blang'ket), n. a soft, loose- 
 ly woven woolen cloth for a bed or 
 as a covering: v.t. to toss in a 
 blanket by way of punishment or 
 joke; pass to windward to take the 
 wind out of the sails of. 
 blanketing (blang'ket-ing), n. 
 coarse cloth for blankets ; the act of 
 tossing in a blanket. 
 blare (blar), v.i. to bellow; to give 
 forth a loud sound like a trumpet: 
 v.t. to sound loudly ; trumpet forth : 
 n. a noise like the blast of a trum- 
 pet. 
 blarney (blar'ni), n. soft, wheedling 
 speech ; flattery : v.t. [p.i. & p.p. 
 blarneyed; p.pr. blarneying], to in- 
 fluence or talk over by soft whee- 
 dling speeches ; humbug with flat- 
 tery. 
 
 blarney-stone, a stone in the wall 
 of Blarney Castle, Cork, on kissing 
 which a person is said to become an 
 adept in flattery. 
 blase (bla-za'), adj. exhausted by 
 excess of pleasure. 
 
 blaspheme (blas-fem'), v.t. to speak 
 irreverently of ; mock ; revile : v.i. to 
 utter blasphemy ; use profane lan- 
 guage. 
 
 blasphemous (blas'fe-mus), adj. 
 uttering, containing, or exhibiting 
 blasphemy ; profane. 
 
 blasphemy (blas'fe-mi), n. [pi. blas- 
 phemies ( -miz ) ] , impious, profane, 
 or mocking speech concerning God 
 or sacred things ; expressed con- 
 tempt or contumely for the person- 
 ality or authority of God. 
 
 blast (blast), n. a violent or sudden 
 gust of wind ; a forcible stream of 
 air from an orifice; the sound pro- 
 duced by blowing a wind instru- 
 ment ; any sudden pernicious in- 
 fluence upon plants or animals ; a 
 blight ; the explosion of gunpowder, 
 dynamite, &c, in rending or remov- 
 ing rocks, or the charge so used ; a 
 flatulent disease in sheep : v.t. to in- 
 jure; cause to fade or wither by 
 some pernicious influence ; blight ; 
 ruin or destroy; to rend or shatter 
 by any explosive agent. 
 
 blastema (blas-te'ma), n. [pi. blas- 
 temata (-ma-ta)], the point of 
 growth of an organ as yet unformed, 
 from which it is developed. 
 
 blastoderm (blas'to-derm), n. the 
 germinal spot in an ovum, from 
 which the embryo is developed. 
 
 blast ©genesis (blas-to-jen'e-sis), n. 
 reproduction by gemmation or bud- 
 ding. 
 
 blatant (bla'tant), adj. bawling; 
 noisy. 
 
 blather (blatfft'er), n. foolish chatter. 
 
 blaze (blaz), n. a body of flame; bril- 
 liant sunlight; a sudden bursting 
 out ; active display ; a white spot on 
 the face of a horse or other quad- 
 ruped ; a white mark cut on a tree, 
 to serve as a guide : v.t. to mark, as 
 trees, by removing a portion of the 
 bark ; to indicate, as a path or 
 boundary, by blazing trees ; publish 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bla 
 
 widely: v.i. to flame; send forth a 
 brilliant light; be conspicuous. 
 blazer (blaz'er), n. that which 
 shines; a bright colored striped 
 jacket. 
 
 blazon, (bla'zn), n. a coat of arms; 
 a description of armorial bearings ; 
 ostentatious display : v.t. to ex- 
 plain technically, according to 
 heraldic rules ; embellish ; display ; 
 proclaim boastingly. 
 
 blazonment (bla'zn-ment), n. the 
 act of blazoning. 
 
 blazonry- (bla/zn-ri), n. a heraldic 
 device ; the art of describing and 
 . explaining coats of arms ; decora- 
 tion, as with heraldic devices. 
 
 bleach (blech), v.t. to make white 
 by removing color or dirt by the 
 action of the sun's rays, or by a 
 chemical process: v.i. to grow or 
 become white. 
 
 bleachery ( blech 'er-i) , n. [pi. bleach- 
 eries (-iz) ], a place where bleaching 
 is carried on. 
 
 bleaching-powder (-poud'er), n. 
 chloride of lime. 
 
 bleak (blek), adj. exposed to wind 
 and cold ; desolate ; unsheltered ; 
 cheerless ; piercing. 
 
 bleak (blek), n. a small river fish, 
 remarkable for its brilliant silvery 
 scales. 
 
 blear (bier), adj. sore or dim from 
 a watery discharge : said of the 
 eyes : v.t. to make sore or watery, 
 as the eyes; to dim or obscure. 
 
 bleat (blet), v.i. to cry as, or like, a 
 sheep : n. a cry, as of a sheep. 
 
 bleb (bleb), n. a blister; a pustule; 
 a bubble. 
 
 bleed (bled), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. bled, 
 p.pr. bleeding], to emit, or lose 
 blood; to shed one's blood; to lose 
 sap or juice; to pay or lose money 
 freely : v.t. to take blood from ; take 
 money, &c, from. 
 
 blemish (blem'ish), v.t. to injure; 
 stain ; mar ; tarnish ; defame : n. 
 any defect or deformity, physical or 
 moral ; a blemish. 
 
 blench (blench), v.i. to start back; 
 flinch ; quail. 
 
 blend (blend), v.t. to mix together, 
 so that the things mixed cannot be 
 separated or individually distin- 
 
 bli 
 
 guished: v.i. to inmgle impercept- 
 ibly : n. a mixture. 
 
 blende (blend), n. native sulphide of 
 zinc. 
 
 blennorrhea (blen'nor-re'a), n. leu- 
 corrhoea ; an excessive discharge of 
 gleet or mucus. 
 
 bless (bles), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed & 
 blest, p.pr. -ing], to consecrate; in- 
 voke a blessing upon ; bestow happi- 
 ness upon ; praise or extol ; esteem 
 happy. 
 
 blessedness (bles'ed-nes), n. the 
 state of being blessed ; happiness ; 
 heavenly joys. 
 
 blessing (bles'ing), n. an invocation 
 of happiness on another ; a benedic- 
 tion ; that which promotes prosper- 
 ity ; a divine benefit or gift ; a mercy 
 or boon ; grateful adoration. 
 
 blest p.t., p.p. & p.adj. a contracted 
 form of blessed. 
 
 blet (blet), n. a decayed spot in 
 fruit: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. bletted, p.pr. 
 bletting], to become internally de- 
 cayed. 
 
 blew, p.t. of blow. 
 
 blewits (bloo'its), n. the edible pur- 
 ple mushroom. 
 
 blight (blit), n. a disease in plants, 
 which causes them to wither partly 
 or wholly ; smut ; mildew ; any- 
 thing which serves to check, nip, or 
 destroy : v.t. to affect with blight ; 
 to check, nip, destroy, or frustrate. 
 
 blind (blind), adj. destitute of the 
 sense of sight ; without light, moral- 
 ly or intellectually ; undiscriminat- 
 ing ; inconsiderate ; hidden ; essen- 
 tially incomplete ; closed at one end ; 
 without understanding : n. anything 
 which serves to hinder or obstruct 
 vision, or intercept the passage of 
 light ; a window-screen ; a blinker ; 
 something to mislead the eye or the 
 understanding : v.t. to deprive of 
 sight ; make blind, intellectually or 
 morally ; obscure ; conceal. 
 
 blind-coal (kol), n. a nameless an- 
 thracite. 
 
 blind-fish (blind'fish), n. a diminu- 
 tive fish of pale color, with rudi- 
 mentary eyes, inhabiting the waters 
 of Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bli 
 
 bio 
 
 blind shell (blind'shel), n. a shell 
 which falls without exploding, or 
 contains no charge. 
 
 blind spot (bllnd'spot), n. that 
 point in the retina where the optic 
 nerve enters the eye, but is not sen- 
 sitive to the light. 
 
 blindness (-nes), n. want of sight; 
 want of discernment; ignorance; 
 heedlessness. 
 
 blindfold (bllnd'fold), adj. having 
 the eyes covered so as to be unable 
 to see ; having the mental eye or 
 understanding darkened : v.t. to 
 cover the eyes of, as with a bandage ; 
 hinder from seeing. 
 
 blindman (bllnd'man), n. [pi. blind- 
 men (-men)], a man who is blind. 
 
 blind worm ( blind' werm ) , n. a small 
 slender, limbness lizard, so named 
 from the popular but erroneous sup- 
 position that it was blind. Also 
 called slow-worm. 
 
 blink (blink), v.i. to wink with or 
 as with the eye; twinkle; to get a 
 glimpse ; glimmer : v.t. to evade or 
 shut one's eyes to ; shirk : n.^ a 
 glimpse or glance ; a gleam ; a glim- 
 mer; a twinkle; the gleam reflected 
 from an ice-field or -berg at sea : pi. 
 boughs cast in the path of deer to 
 check their course. 
 
 blinker (bling'ker), n. one who 
 blinks ; a leather flap placed one on 
 each side of a horse's bridle to pre- 
 vent him from seeing any object ex- 
 cept in front; that which obscures 
 the sight or mental perception : pi. 
 colored spectacles to shield the eyes 
 from excess of light. 
 
 bliss (blis), n. the highest degree of 
 happiness ; blessedness ; the perfect 
 joy of heaven. 
 
 blissfully (-li), adv. in a blissful 
 manner. 
 
 blister (blis'ter), n. a vesicle or pus- 
 tule on the skin containing watery 
 matter or serum ; an elevation made 
 by the raising of an external film 
 or skin ; an application to the skin 
 to produce a blister : v.t. to raise 
 a blister or blisters on : v.i. to rise 
 in blisters, or become covered with 
 blisters. 
 
 blithe (blith), adj. gay; joyous; 
 glad ; mirthful ; sprightly. 
 
 blithesome (bliM'sum), adj. gay; 
 merry. 
 
 blizzard (bliz'ard), n. a furious hur- 
 ricane of wind with fine blinding 
 snow, and characterized by intense 
 cold ; a poser. 
 
 bloat (blot), v.t. to cure or dry in 
 smoke. 
 
 bloat (blot), v.t. to cause to swell; 
 make turgid or swollen, as with 
 water or air ; inflate ; make vain : 
 v.i. to grow turgid. 
 
 bloater (blot'er), n. a herring 
 smoked and partially dried, but not 
 split open. 
 
 blob (blob), n. a blister; a bubble. 
 
 block (blok), n. any unshaped solid 
 mass of matter, as of wood, stone, 
 &c. ; a piece of wood for supporting 
 the neck of a person condemned 
 to be decapitated ; a piece of hard 
 wood prepared for the tool of the 
 engraver ; the piece of hard wood 
 to which an electrotype, &c, is se- 
 cured; a wooden mold for shaping 
 hats; the piece of wood in which 
 the wheels of one or more grooved 
 pulleys run ; a row of buildings ; a 
 square or portion of a city enclosed 
 by streets ; an obstruction ; hin- 
 drance ; shares bought or sold in the 
 mass : v.i. to obstruct so as to hin- 
 der the passage of persons or things ; 
 stop up ; obstruct ; to secure or sup- 
 port by blocks ; to mold or shape on 
 a block; to stop a train by signal; 
 to give notice of opposition to a bill, 
 which cannot then be proceeded with 
 after a specified time. 
 
 block-head (blok'hed), n. a stupid 
 fellow. 
 
 block-house (blok'hous), n. an edi- 
 fice constructed of heavy timber, 
 and furnished with loopholes for 
 musketry. 
 
 block system (blok'sis-tem), n. a 
 system of working railway traffic 
 by which the line is divided into 
 short sections, no train being al- 
 lowed to leave a section until the 
 next section is signaled clear. 
 
 blockade (blok-ad'), n. the shutting 
 up of a place, as a port, by hostile 
 ships or troops, with a view to com- 
 pelling a surrender by preventing 
 ingress or egress, or the reception of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bio 
 
 bio 
 
 supplies : v.t. to surround and shut 
 up ; obstruct ; block. 
 
 blockage (blok'aj), n. an obstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 blond or blonde (blond), adj. of a 
 fair color ; light colored : n. a per- 
 son of very fair complexion and 
 light hair (usually fern. Monde). 
 
 blonde-lace ('las), n. a silk lace. 
 
 blood (blud), n. the fluid which cir- 
 culates in the arteries and veins of 
 an animal ; the juice of anything, 
 especially if red ; kinship ; consan- 
 guinity ; lineage ; extraction ; high 
 birth ; temper ; a man of high spirit ; 
 fleshy nature ; blood shed in sacri- 
 fice ; the atonement : v.t. to give a 
 taste of blood ; inure to the sight of 
 blood. 
 
 blood-beat (blud'het), n. the nor- 
 mal heat of the human blood in 
 health (98° F.). 
 
 blood-borse (blud'hors), n. a horse 
 of pure breed or pedigree. 
 
 bloodhound (blud'hound), n. a 
 breed of large dogs remarkable for 
 their acuteness of smell, and em- 
 ployed to track wounded game, or, 
 as formerly, fugitive slaves and es- 
 caped criminals ; a blood-hunter. 
 
 blood-money (blud'mun-i), n. mon- 
 ey obtained at the cost of another's 
 life ; the reward paid for discovery 
 or capture of a murderer ; compen- 
 sation paid to the next of kin of a 
 person slain by another. 
 
 bloodstone (blud'ston), n. a dark 
 green variety of quartz spotted with 
 red jasper ; heliotrope ; red hematite 
 iron ore. 
 
 blooded, adj. of the best stock or 
 breed. 
 
 bloodily (blud'i-li), adv. in a bloody 
 manner ; relentlessly ; cruelly. 
 
 bloodiness (-nes), n. the state of 
 being bloody; disposition to shed 
 blood. 
 
 bloody (blud'i), adj. pertaining to, 
 containing, or resembling blood ; 
 blood-stained ; cruel ; murderous ; at- 
 tended with bloodshed ; a coarse in- 
 tensive expletive. 
 
 bloody-flux (blud'i-fluks'), n. dys- 
 entery. 
 
 bloom (bloom), n. a blossom; the 
 flower of a plant ; the blossoming of 
 
 flowers ; a state or period of health 
 and growth, promising higher per- 
 fection, or exhibiting freshness and 
 beauty ; the blue color upon certain 
 newly-gathered fruits ; a flush ; a 
 glow ; the powdery appearance on 
 new coins, &c. ; a rough mass of 
 iron from the puddling furnace, in- 
 tended to be drawn out under the 
 hammer or rolled into bars : v.i. to 
 produce blossoms ; flower ; exhibit 
 the freshness and beauty of youth ; 
 glow. 
 
 bloomer (bloom'er), n. a costume 
 for women sought to be introduced 
 by a Mrs. Bloomer, of New York, 
 in 1849-50, and consisting of a short 
 skirt, loose trowsers, fastened round 
 the ankle, and a broad-brimmed hat. 
 [Also used as adj.]. 
 
 bloomery (bloom'er-i), or bloom- 
 ary ('a-ri), n. a forge in which 
 wrought iron is made directly from 
 the ore. 
 
 blossom (blos'um), n. the flower of 
 a plant ; the state of flowering ; 
 bloom : v.i. to put forth blossoms ; 
 flower ; flourish. 
 
 blot (blot), n. a spot or stain; an ob- 
 literation or erasure ; a blemish ; 
 disgrace : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. blotted, 
 p.pr. blotting] , to spot or stain ; 
 mar ; stain with infamy ; cancel or 
 efface [usually with out] ; dry with 
 blotting-paper ; eclipse ; obscure. 
 
 blotch (bloch), n. a large irregular 
 spot ; a clumsy daub ; an eruption, 
 or pustule : v.t. to mark or disfigure 
 with irregular blots or spots. 
 
 blotchy (bloch'i), adj. having 
 blotches. 
 
 blottesque (blot-esk'), adj. coarsely 
 delineated, or marred by a heavy 
 touch or blots. 
 
 blotty (blot'i), adj. full of blots. 
 
 blouse (blouz), n. a light, loose over- 
 garment ; a French workman : such 
 artisans usually wearing a blue 
 blouse. 
 
 blow (bio), n. a mass of blossoms; 
 the state or condition of flowering : 
 v.i. [p.t. blew, p.p. blown, p.pr. 
 blowing], to blossom; flower. 
 
 blow (bio), n. a stroke with the hand 
 or with a weapon ; a knock ; an act 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bio 
 
 blu 
 
 of hostility ; a sudden shock or ca- 
 lamity. 
 
 blow (bio), v.i. [p.t. blew, p.p. blown, 
 p.pr. blowing], to form or make a 
 current of air ; pant ; breathe quick- 
 ly ; sound by being blown ; spout 
 water ; boast : v.t. to drive a current 
 of air upon ; impel by a current of 
 air ; sound a wind instrument by 
 forcing air through it ; clear by 
 forcing air through ; form by infla- 
 tion ; put out of breath by fatigue ; 
 scatter or shatter by explosives ; 
 spread by report ; deposit eggs in or 
 upon : n. a blowing ; a blast ; a gale 
 of wind ; an egg deposited by a fly ; 
 the spouting of a whale. 
 
 blow-fly (blo'fli), n. any species of 
 fly which deposits its eggs upon 
 flesh. 
 
 blow-pipe (blo'pip),w. a long tube of 
 cane or reed used by South Amer- 
 ican Indians and the Dyaks of Bor- 
 neo to discharge arrows by the force 
 of the breath ; a tube through which 
 a current of air or gas is driven 
 upon a flame so as to concentrate its 
 heat upon a substance to fuse it. 
 
 blowy (blo'i), adj. windy; breezy. 
 
 blowzed (blouzd') or blowzy (blou'- 
 zi), adj. ruddy-faced; high-colored; 
 coarse-complexioned, as by exposure 
 to the weather. 
 
 blubber (blub'er), v.i. to weep vio- 
 lently, or so as to disfigure the face : 
 v.t. to disfigure with weeping : n. the 
 fat of whales and other cetaceans, 
 from which train-oil is prepared ; a 
 jelly-fish or medusa. 
 
 blucher (blooch'er), n. a strong half- 
 boot. 
 
 bludgeon (bluj'un), n. a short heavy 
 
 . stick, sometimes loaded, used as a 
 weapon. 
 
 blue (blu), adj. of the color of the 
 clear sky ; azure ; low-spirited ; dis- 
 mal ; severe ; pedantic : n. color of 
 the clear sky ; one of the primary 
 colors ; azure : a dye or pigment of 
 this color ; pale without glare, as a 
 flame : v.t. to make, or dye, blue. 
 
 blue-bell ('bel), n. the wild hya- 
 cinth ; the harebell of Scotland. 
 
 blue-book ('book), n. a governmen- 
 tal official report, &c. : so called 
 from the blue paper covers. 
 
 blue blood ('blud), n. aristocratic 
 lineage. 
 
 bluebottle ('bot-1), n. a common 
 field flower ; a species of fly. 
 
 bluebonnet ('bon-et), n. a Scotch 
 cap of blue cloth ; a name given to 
 the Scottish troops before the 
 Union ; a Scotchman. 
 
 bluebuck ('buk), n. a name given to 
 a small antelope, and the blauwbok 
 of South America. 
 
 blue-devils ('dev-ilz), n.pl. low spir- 
 its ; mental depression ; delirium tre- 
 mens. 
 
 blue-grass ('gras), n. a rich pasture 
 grass. 
 
 blue-gum ('gum), n. a lofty tree of 
 Australia, valuable for its timber, 
 and for its essential oil : used as a 
 preventive against influenza. 
 
 bluejacket (blu'jak-et), n. a sailor. 
 
 blueligkt (bhi'lit), n. a light of that 
 hue used as a signal ; a pyrotechnic 
 composition. 
 
 blue-mold (blu'mold), n. a minute 
 fungus which attacks bread and oth- 
 er food-stuffs. 
 
 blue-peter (blu'pe-ter), n. a small 
 blue flag with a white square in the 
 center used as a signal for sailing, 
 &c. 
 
 blue-ribbon (blu'rib-un), n. a prized 
 distinction ; mark of success. 
 
 blue-spar (blu'spar), n. lazulite. 
 
 blue-stocking (bhi'stok-ing), n. a 
 woman of literary tastes or occupa- 
 tion. 
 
 blue-stone (bhVston), n. sulphate of 
 copper. 
 
 bluing (bhi'ing), n. the process of 
 imparting a blue tint; the indigo, 
 &c, used by washerwomen. 
 
 bluff (bluf), adj. having a broad, 
 flattened front ; rising steeply or 
 boldly ; broad and full ; rough and 
 hearty ; surly ; gruff : n. a high 
 steep bank : a cliff or headland with 
 a broad steep face : v.t. to deceive, or 
 gain an advantage over, an oppo- 
 nent in the game of poker, by in- 
 ducing the other players to suppose 
 one's hand is more valuable than it 
 is in reality : hence to frighten by 
 an assumed possession of strength 
 or knowledge. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bin 
 
 "boa 
 
 bluffly (-li), adv. in a blunt, out- 
 spoken, or off-hand manner. 
 
 bluffy (bluf'i), adj. having bold steep 
 banks, or headlands. 
 
 bluish (bhi'ish), adj. somewhat blue. 
 
 blunder (blun'der), v.i. to make a 
 gross mistake ; err stupidly ; to move 
 or act clumsily : n. a gross or stupid 
 mistake. 
 
 blunderbuss (blun'der-bus), n. a 
 short gun or firearm with a large 
 bore, now obsolete. 
 
 blunderingly (blun'der-ing-li), adv. 
 in a blundering manner. 
 
 blunt (blunt), adj. having a thick or 
 rounded edge or point ; not sharp ; 
 dull in understanding; abrupt in 
 address ; plain-spoken : n. money, 
 especially silver money : v.t. to dull 
 the edge or point of, by making it 
 thicker; impair the force, keenness, 
 or susceptibility of. 
 
 bluntish (Dlunt'ish), adj. somewhat 
 blunt. 
 
 blur (bier), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. blurred, 
 p.pr. blurring] , to dim ; sully ; stain ; 
 blemish : n. a smudge ; a moral stain 
 or blemish; a dim confused appear- 
 ance. 
 
 blurt (blert), v.t. to speak inadver- 
 tently ; divulge unadvisedly [usually 
 with out], 
 
 blush (blush), v.i. to become red in 
 the face, as from shame or confus- 
 ion; bloom; feel shame (for): n. 
 the suffusion of the cheeks or face 
 witM a red color, through shame, 
 confusion, modesty, &c. ; a red or 
 reddish color ; a rosy tint. 
 
 blushful (blush'fool), adj. full of 
 blushes. 
 
 blushfully (-li), adv. in a modest, 
 blushing, manner. 
 
 bluster (blus'ter), v.i. to be windy 
 and boisterous, as the weather ; talk 
 in a noisy, swaggering style ; bully ; 
 use empty threats : v.t. to utter with 
 noisy violence [with forth or out] : 
 n. the noise and violence of a storm, 
 or of the wind in impotent gusts; 
 noisy talk ; empty menace ; swagger. 
 
 blusterous (blus'ter-us), blustrous 
 ('trus), or blustery ('ter-i), adj. 
 noisy; tumultuous; rough. 
 
 boa (bo'a), n. [pi. boas ('az)], a 
 
 huge serpent of South America ; a 
 long fur tippet. 
 
 boa-constrictor (bo'a-kon-strik- 
 ter), n. a reptile remarkable for its 
 length and power of destroying its 
 prey by constriction. 
 
 boar (bor), n. the male of swine; the 
 wild hog, or wild boar. 
 
 board (bord), n. a piece of timber 
 sawed thin, and of considerable 
 length and breadth compared with 
 the thickness ; a table for food ; pro- 
 vision ; entertainment ; a council or 
 court ; a number of persons elected 
 to the management of some public 
 or private office or trust ; a table or 
 frame on which games are played ; 
 a thick stiff kind of paper ; one of 
 the two stiff covers of a book : pi. 
 the stage of a theater ; the side, deck, 
 or interior part of a ship or boat; 
 the line over which a ship runs be- 
 tween tack and tack : v.t . to cover 
 with boards ; place at a board ; fur- 
 nish with food, or food and lodging, 
 for a compensation ; go on board of ; 
 enter a ship by force : v.i. to be sup- 
 plied with meals, or obtain food and 
 lodging, at a fixed charge. 
 
 boarding (bord'ing), n. light timber 
 collectively ; a covering of boards ; 
 the act of supplying, or state of be- 
 ing supplied with, food and lodging 
 for a stipulated sum ; the act of en- 
 tering a ship. 
 
 boarish (bor'ish), adj. swinish; bru- 
 tal ; cruel. 
 
 boast (bost), v.i. to brag; to speak 
 of one's self or belongings in asser- 
 tive and bombastic terms ; vaunt ; 
 exult : v.t. to brag of : n. proud, 
 vainglorious speech; a cause of 
 boasting ; occasion of pride, vanity, 
 or laudable exultation ; a stroke, in 
 tennis, driving the ball at an acute 
 angle against the court wall. 
 
 boast (bost), v.t. to dress (stone) 
 with a broad chisel and mallet ; to 
 dress (a block) in outline for a 
 statue, &c, prior to more detailed 
 or delicate work. 
 
 boastful (bost'fool), adj. given to 
 boasting. 
 
 boastfully (-li), adv. in a boastful 
 manner. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth,_not j^boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
boa 
 
 bog 
 
 boat (bot), n. a small open vessel 
 usually moved by oars but often by 
 a sail ; a ship ; an open dish resem- 
 bling a boat in shape : v.t. to trans- 
 port in a boat : v.i. to go in a boat ; 
 row ; sail. 
 
 boatswain (bot'swan, usually bo'- 
 sn), n. a petty officer of a ship who 
 has charge of the rigging, anchors, 
 cables, and cordage, and who sum- 
 mons the crew to their duty. 
 
 bob (bob), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bobbed, 
 p.pr. bobbing], to impart a short 
 jerking motion to ; to cut short : v.i. 
 to have a short jerking motion ; 
 move or play to and fro, or up and 
 down ; to angle with a bob : n. any 
 small round object playing loosely 
 at the end of a cord, chain, &c. ; a 
 pendant ; an ear-drop ; the weight at 
 the end of a pendulum, plumb-line, 
 &c. ; a knot of worms or rags on a 
 string, used in angling for eels ; a 
 float ; a short jerking action or mo- 
 tion ; a bobwig ; a shilling. 
 
 bobbin (bob'in), n. one of the pins 
 or small cylinders of wood used to 
 carry and steady the threads in pil- 
 low-lace making ; a spool or reel 
 with a head at one or both ends, 
 used to hold yarn or thread for 
 spinning, weaving, or sewing ; a ma- 
 chine-made cotton netting or lace, in 
 imitation of pillow-lace ; bobbinet. 
 
 bobolink (bob'o-lingk), n. an Amer- 
 ican song-bird. Called also ricebird, 
 reedbird, boblincoln. 
 
 bob-stay (bob'sta), n. one of two or 
 more ropes or chains to hold the 
 bowsprit down towards the stem or 
 cut-water. 
 
 bobtail (bob'tal), n. a short tail or a 
 tail cut short; the rabble (rag-tag 
 and bobtail). 
 
 bobtailed (bob'tald), adj. having the 
 tail cut short. 
 
 bock-beer (bok'ber), w. a variety of 
 lager beer of double strength. 
 
 boco-wood (bo'ko-wood), n. the hard 
 dark-colored wood of a tree of Gui- 
 ana, extensively used for furniture, 
 turnery, &c. 
 
 bode (bod), v.t. to portend; be an 
 omen of : v.i. to augur ; presage. 
 
 bodice (bod'is), n. the close-fitting 
 waist or body of a woman's dress. 
 
 bodily (bod'i-li), adj. not mental; 
 corporeal : adv. corporeally ; entire- 
 ly. 
 
 boding (bod'ing), n. an omen; pre- 
 sentiment ; adj. foreboding ; ominous. 
 
 bodkin (bod'kin), n. a pointed in- 
 strument for piercing holes ; a blunt 
 needle for drawing tape, ribbon, &c, 
 through a hem or loop ; a long pin 
 or stiletto to fasten up the hair ; an 
 awl-like printer's tool. 
 
 body (bod'i), n. [pi. bodies ('iz)], 
 the material organized substance of 
 an animal, as distinguished from the 
 soul, spirit, or vital principle ; the 
 trunk, or main portion, of an ani- 
 mal or tree ; the main or principal 
 part of anything ; a person ; a num- 
 ber of individuals united by some 
 common tie ; a corporation ; a united 
 mass ; a general collection ; any 
 solid geometrical figure; a material 
 thing ; a certain consistency or dens- 
 ity; substance; strength, as wine, 
 &c. : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bodied ; p.pr. 
 bodying], to furnish with a body; 
 embody ; produce in definite shape. 
 
 body-color (bod'i-kuler), n. a pig- 
 ment possessing body or consistence, 
 as distinguished from a transparent 
 wash-tint. 
 
 body politic (bod'i pol'i-tik), n. the 
 collective body of people living un- 
 der an organized political govern- 
 ment. 
 
 body-snatcher (bod'i-snatch-er), n. 
 one who removes bodies from graves 
 to sell them for dissection; resur- 
 rectionist. 
 
 Boeotian (be-6'shan), adj. pertaining 
 to Bceotia in central Greece, noted 
 for its moist and heavy atmosphere ; 
 dull ; stupid. 
 
 Boer (boor), n. a Dutch colonist of 
 South Africa engaged in farming or 
 cattle breeding. 
 
 bog (bog), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bogged, p. 
 pr. bogging], to sink or submerge in 
 a bog or quagmire: v.i. to sink or 
 stick in a bog : n. a tract of wet, 
 spongy ground, composed of decayed 
 and decaying vegetable matter; a 
 quagmire ; marsh ; morass. 
 
 bogey or bogy (bo'gi), n. [pi. bo- 
 geys, bogies ('giz)], a hobgoblin; a 
 spectre. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 
 
bog 
 
 boggle (bog'gl), v.i. to hesitate; wa- 
 ver ; equivocate ; act clumsily ; bun- 
 gle : v.t. to make a bungle of ; em- 
 barrass : n. the act of hesitating or 
 taking alarm ; a bungle ; botch. 
 
 boggy (bog'i), adj. full of bogs; 
 marshy. 
 
 bogie or bogey (bo'gi), n. a four- 
 wheeled truck supporting the front 
 of a locomotive, or each end of a 
 carriage, and turning beneath it by 
 a central pivot. 
 
 bogus (bo'gus), adj. counterfeit; 
 spurious. 
 
 bohea (bo-he'), n. a kind of black 
 tea. 
 
 Bohemian (bo-he'mi-an), n. a per- 
 son who disregards social conven- 
 tionalities, or evinces a wild or rov- 
 ing disposition ; a gipsy. 
 
 Bohemianism (bo-he'mi-an-izm), n. 
 the life or habits of a person who by 
 natural inclination leads a free and 
 easy unconventional existence. 
 
 boil (boil), v.i. to be in a state of 
 ebullition through the action of 
 heat ; seethe ; be agitated or excited 
 by passion or anger ; be subjected to 
 the action of boiling water : v.t. to 
 heat to the boiling point; cause to 
 bubble by heat ; collect from, or 
 separate, by boiling ; subject to the 
 action of heat in a boiling liquid. 
 
 boil (boil), n. an inflamed and pain- 
 ful suppurating tumor. 
 
 boiler (boil'er), n. one who boils; a 
 vessel in which anything is boiled ; 
 a strong metallic vessel, in which 
 steam is generated for driving en- 
 gines or for other purposes. 
 
 boisterous (bois'ter-us), adj. vio- 
 lent; rough; stormy; turbulent; 
 noisy. 
 
 bolas (bo'las), n. sing, or pi. a hunt- 
 ing implement consisting of two or 
 more balls of iron or stone attached 
 to the ends of a leather cord, used 
 by the Gauchos and Indians of 
 Southern and Western America. 
 
 bold (bold), adj. courageous; ven- 
 turesome ; planned or executed with 
 courage and spirit ; forward ; rude ; 
 impudent ; over-stepping conven- 
 tional rules ; striking to the eye ; 
 steep; abrupt; prominent. 
 
 bol 
 
 bole (bol), n. the trunk or stem of a 
 tree ; a general term for friable 
 clayey shale or clay, usually colored 
 by oxide of iron. 
 
 bolero (bo-ler'6), n. a lively Spanish 
 dance ; the music accompanying such 
 a dance. 
 
 bolide (bo'lid), n. a, large meteor 
 which explodes on coming into con- 
 tact with the air. 
 
 boll (bol), n. the pod or capsule of a 
 plant, as of flax : v.i. to form into a 
 boll or seed-vessel ; go to seed (Ex. 
 ix. 31). 
 
 bollard (bol'ard), n. a strong post of 
 wood or iron for securing hawsers. 
 
 bolo (bo'lo), n. a large knife, used in 
 the Philippines as a war weapon. 
 
 bolometer (bo-lom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring minute 
 quantities of radiant heat. 
 
 bolster (bol'ster), n. a long pillow or 
 cushion used to support the head; a 
 pad to ease pressure ; a compress ; a 
 cushioned or padded part of a sad- 
 dle : v.t. to support with a pillow or 
 cushion ; prop ; maintain ; or sup- 
 port [usually with up]. 
 
 bolt (bolt), n. a short, thick arrow 
 with a blunt head ; a thunderbolt ; a 
 discharge of lightning ; a stout me- 
 tallic pin or rod used for holding 
 objects together ; a sliding catch for 
 securing a door, gate, &c. ; the por- 
 tion of a lock shot or withdrawn by 
 the key; an elongated bullet for use 
 in a rifled cannon; a roll or length 
 of certain textile fabrics ; a refusal 
 to support a nomination made by 
 one's party, or withdrawal from 
 one's party : adv. like a bolt ; 
 straight; suddenly: v.t. to shoot; 
 discharge; ;tart or spring; fasten 
 or secure *ith a bolt; blurt out; 
 swallow hurriedly or without chew- 
 ing; secede from (a party) or de- 
 cline to support (a party nomina- 
 tion) : v.i. to shoot forth suddenly; 
 depart with suddenness ; start and 
 run off. 
 
 bolt-rope (bolt'rop), n. a rope to 
 which the edges of sails are sewed. 
 
 bolt (bolt), v.t. to sift or separate the 
 coarser from the finer particles; 
 hence to examine with care ; sep- 
 arate. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bol 
 
 bon 
 
 bolus (bo'lus), n. [pi. boluses (-ez)l, 
 a medicine in the form of a soft 
 rounded mass, larger than an ordi- 
 nary pill, to be swallowed at once; 
 hence anything disagreeable which 
 must be accepted. 
 
 bomb (bom or bum), n. a hollow iron 
 ball or shell filled witli an explosive 
 material, fired from a mortar and 
 usually exploded by a fuse ; any mis- 
 sile similarly constructed and thrown 
 by the hand. 
 
 bomb-ketch (bom'ketch), n. a 
 strongly-built vessel, on which one 
 or more mortars are mounted for 
 use in a naval bombardment. 
 
 bombard (bom-bard'), v.t. to attack 
 with cannon ; fire shot or shell at or 
 into ; assail hotly ; fire questions at. 
 
 bombardier (bom-bard-er'), n. a 
 non-commissioned officer of the 
 Royal Artillery. 
 
 bombardment (bom-bard'ment), n. 
 • a continuous attack with shot and 
 shell ; the act of shelling a town or 
 fort. 
 
 bombardon (bom-bar'dun), or bom- 
 bardone (-do'ne), n. a. large-sized 
 musical instrument of the trumpet 
 class. 
 
 bombast (bom'bast), n. originally 
 cotton or other soft material used 
 for stuffing garments : hence, high- 
 sounding words ; inflated language 
 or style ; fustian. 
 
 bombastically (-li), adv. in an in- 
 flated manner or style. 
 
 bombazet or bombazette (bom-ba- 
 zet'), n. a sort of thin woolen cloth, 
 either plain or twilled. 
 
 bombazine (bom- or bum-ba-zen), 
 n. a twilled fabric, of which the 
 warp is silk and the weft worsted. 
 Written also bombasine, bombasin, 
 and bombazeen. 
 
 bombshell. Same as bomb. 
 
 bona fide (bo'na fl'de), genuine. 
 
 bona fides (bon'a fid'ez), good faith; 
 honorable dealing. 
 
 bonanza (bo-nan'za), n. a rich vein 
 of ore : hence, anything which is a 
 mine of wealth. 
 
 bonbon (b6ng'b6ng), n. a sugar- 
 plum ; any confection of sugar ; a 
 Christmas cracker. 
 
 bond (bond), n. anything that binds, 
 fastens, or confines ; a ligament : pi. 
 fetters ; imprisonment ; captivity : 
 hence, a cause of union ; duty ; obli- 
 gation ; an instrument under seal by 
 which a person binds himself, his 
 heirs, &c, to do, or abstain from 
 doing, a certain act ; a promise to 
 pay a certain sum on or before a 
 specified date; a certificate, bearing 
 interest, issued by a government, a 
 corporation, or company, for the 
 purpose of borrowing money ; a unit 
 of combining power equivalent to 
 one atom of hydrogen : v.t. to put in 
 bond or into a bonded warehouse, as 
 dutiable goods, the duties remaining 
 unpaid till the goods are taken out, 
 but bonds being given for their pay- 
 ment : adj. in a state of servitude or 
 slavery ; captive. 
 
 bone (bon), n. the ossified tissue 
 forming the skeleton of most verte- 
 brate animals ; one of the parts or 
 pieces of an animal skeleton ; some- 
 thing made of bone; pieces of bone 
 held between the fingers and rattled 
 together as an accompaniment to 
 music : v.t. to remove the bones 
 from ; put whalebone into ; steal ; 
 appropriate. 
 
 bone-black (bon'blak), n. animal 
 charcoal. 
 
 bonfire (bon'fir), n. any large fire 
 made in the open air to celebrate an 
 event, or consume rubbish. 
 
 bonhomie (bon-o-me'), n. good- 
 heartedness ; a frank good-natured 
 manner. 
 
 boniface (bon'i-fas), n. an inn- 
 keeper. 
 
 bon-marche (b6ng-mar-sha')» good 
 market. 
 
 bonne (bon), n. a French nurse. 
 
 bonnet (bon'et), n. a soft woolen 
 cap worn by men in Scotland ; a 
 woman's head-covering, varying ac- 
 cording to fashion, but distinguished 
 from a hat by having no brim ; any- 
 thing resembling a bonnet in shape 
 or use : v.t. to crush the bonnet or 
 hat over the eyes of. 
 
 bonny (bon'ni) , adj. handsome ; 
 beautiful ; pretty ; gay ; blithe. Writ- 
 ten also bonnie. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bon 
 
 boo 
 
 bonspiel (bon'spel), n. in Scotland, 
 a curling match between players of 
 different clubs. 
 
 bon-ton (bong-t6ng'), n. the style of 
 persons in high life ; good breeding ; 
 fashionable society; height of fash- 
 ion. 
 
 bonus (bo'nus), n. [pi. bonuses 
 (-ez)], a sum given, or paid, over 
 and above what is required, or actu- 
 ally payable; an additional dividend 
 out of accumulated profits ; a sum 
 paid in addition to regular pay or 
 wages. 
 
 boo (boo), inter j. an expression of 
 aversion or contempt: n. hooting: 
 v.i. to low like an ox ; groan : v.t. to 
 hoot at. 
 
 booby (boo'bi), n. a dunce; a stupid 
 fellow ; a species of gannet, a West 
 Indian bird. 
 
 boobyish (-ish), adj. stupid; silly. 
 
 boodle (bood'l), n. money paid for 
 votes, or undue political influence ; 
 bribe money. 
 
 boodler (bood'ler), n. one who gives 
 or accepts a bribe. 
 
 book (book), n. a collection of sheets 
 of paper and other material, blank, 
 written, or printed, bound together ; 
 a volume ; a treatise ; a division, sec- 
 tion, or part of a literary composi- 
 tion; a register or record: v.t. to 
 enter or register in a book ; record ; 
 to secure or engage beforehand by 
 registry or payment. 
 
 book-keeping (book'kep-ing), n. the 
 art of recording pecuniary or busi- 
 ness transactions in a regular and 
 systematic manner. 
 
 book-maker (book'mak-er), n. one 
 who writes and publishes books; a 
 compiler ; one who bets against the 
 success of a horse in a race, and en- 
 ters his transactions in a book; a 
 professional betting man. 
 
 book-man (book'man), n. a studious 
 man ; a scholar. 
 
 book-muslin (book'muz-lin), n. a 
 fine kind of transparent muslin. 
 
 book-name (book'nam), n. the name 
 of a plant or animal in use only in 
 text-books. 
 
 book-worm (book'werm), n. the 
 larva or grub of various species of 
 insects which infest and injure 
 
 books; a person closely addicted to 
 study. 
 
 booking-office (book'ing-of'fis), n. 
 in England, an office where tickets 
 are sold for railway or steamship 
 traveling, or for seats in a theater. 
 
 bookish (book'ish), adj. given to 
 reading; fond of study; better ac- 
 quainted with books than with men ; 
 pedantic. 
 
 booklet (book'let), n. a little book. 
 
 boom (boom), n. a long pole or spar 
 run out to extend the foot of certain 
 sails; a strong chain, cable, or line 
 of spars bound together, extended 
 across a river or harbor to exclude 
 an enemy's ships; a deep, hollow 
 sound; a sudden demand for a com- 
 modity ; a rapid rise in price ; a 
 sudden burst of popular favor : v.i. 
 to make a deep, hollow, reverberat- 
 ing sound ; to go off with a rush : 
 v.t. to push with energy. 
 
 boomer (boom'er), n. one who starts 
 or promotes a boom ; the Australian 
 name for the male of the great kan- 
 garoo. 
 
 boomerang (boom'e-rang), n. a mis- 
 sile weapon used by the Australian 
 aborigines, consisting of a piece of 
 flat curved hard wood, which, when 
 thrown by the hand in a certain 
 manner, describes a series of curves, 
 and finally returns to the thrower, 
 striking the ground behind him; 
 hence any action which may recoil 
 on its projector. 
 
 boon (boon), n. prayer or petition; a 
 benefit ; a gift ; a privilege ; a favor : 
 adj. gay; kind; jovial; merry, con- 
 vivial. 
 
 boon (boon), n. the refuse woody 
 matter of flax from which the fiber 
 has been dressed. 
 
 boor (boor), n. a rustic; a peasant; 
 a South African colonist of Dutch 
 descent; a rude, ill-mannered, 
 clownish person. 
 
 boorish (boor'ish), adj. like a boor; 
 clownish ; awkward in manner ; il- 
 literate. 
 
 boose. See booze. 
 
 boost (boost), v.t. to lift by pushing 
 from behind: n. a lift from behind. 
 
 boot (boot), n. profit; that which is 
 thrown in as an inducement to a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
boo 
 
 bos 
 
 bargain, or. to make an exchange 
 equal. 
 
 boot (boot), v.t. to profit; advan- 
 tage; avail [usually with it]. 
 
 boot (boot), n. a leather covering for 
 the feet and the lower part of the 
 leg ; an old instrument of torture ; 
 a receptacle for luggage at either 
 end of a coach ; a driving apron of 
 leather or rubber-cloth : v.t. to put 
 boots on; kick with the boot. 
 
 boots (boots), n. the servant in a 
 short boot, for women; a child's 
 knitted boot. 
 
 booth, (booth), n. a temporary struc- 
 ture made of boards, canvas, &c. 
 
 bootless ('les), adv. without advan- 
 tage. 
 
 boots (boots), n. the servant in a 
 hotel who cleans the boots of the 
 guests. 
 
 booty (boo'ti), n. [pi. booties ('tiz)l, 
 spoil taken in war ; plunder ; pillage. 
 
 booze or boose (booz), v.i. to drink 
 immoderately ; tipple : n. liquor ; 
 drink ; a carouse ; spree. 
 
 bora (bo'ra), n. a fierce, dry N.E. 
 wind which blows on the coasts of 
 the Adriatic Sea. 
 
 boracic (bo-ras'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or produced from, borax. 
 
 boracic acid (as'id), n. a compound 
 of boron with oxygen and hydrogen. 
 
 borax (bo'raks), n. a salt compound- 
 ed of boracic acid and soda, used as 
 a flux in soldering metals, and in 
 the manufacture of glass, enamel, 
 artificial gems, &c. 
 
 bord (bord) , n. the face of coal paral- 
 lel to the natural fissures. 
 
 bordage (bord'aj), n. planking of a 
 ship's side ; the servile tenure by 
 which a villein of the lowest rank 
 held his cottage. 
 
 bordeaux (bor-do'), n. red and white 
 wines produced in the district of 
 Bordeaux, France. 
 
 border (bSr'der), n. the outer part 
 or edge of anything ; a margin ; 
 brink ; boundary ; frontier ; a nar- 
 row flower bed : v.t. to make a bor- 
 der about, or to adorn with a bor- 
 der : adjoin : v.i. to touch at the edge 
 or boundary [with on or upon]. 
 
 border-land (bor'der-land), n. land 
 
 forming a border or frontier ; an 
 uncertain or debatable district. 
 
 bore (bor), v.t. to pierce or drill a 
 hole in ; form by piercing or drill- 
 ing ; to force (as a passage) with 
 effort ; weary by tedious repetition, 
 or by dullness ; annoy : v.i. to pierce 
 or penetrate by boring, &c. ; push 
 forward toward a certain point : n. 
 a hole made by boring ; the caliber 
 or internal diameter of a hole ; a 
 person or thing that wearies by pro- 
 lixity or dullness ; anything which 
 causes ennui. 
 
 bore (bor), n. a tidal wave which 
 breaks in the estuaries of some riv- 
 ers, and, being impeded by the nar- 
 rowing channel, rises in a watery 
 ridge and courses along with great 
 force and noise. 
 
 bore, p.t. of bear. 
 
 borean (bo're-an) or boreal (-al), 
 adj. northern; pertaining to the 
 North, or to the North wind. 
 
 borecole (bor'kol), n. a variety of 
 kale. 
 
 boredom (bor'dum), n. ennui; the 
 realm of bores ; bores collectively. 
 
 boride (bo'rid), n. a compound of 
 boron with a metallic base. 
 
 born (born), p. adj. innate; inherited. 
 
 born, p.p. of bear, to bring forth. 
 
 borne, p.p. of bear, to carry. 
 
 bornite (born'It), n. a valuable ore 
 of copper. 
 
 boroglyceride (bo-ro-glis'e-rld), n. 
 an antiseptic containing boric acid, 
 glycerine, &c. 
 
 boron (bo'ron), n. a non-metallic ele- 
 ment occurring abundantly in borax. 
 
 borongh (bur'6), h. a corporate 
 town. 
 
 borongh English (ing'lish), n. a 
 custom existent in some parts of 
 England, by which an estate de- 
 scends to the youngest son instead 
 of the eldest, or, if there is no son, 
 to the youngest brother. 
 
 borrow (bor'o), v.t. to obtain (a 
 thing) on loan ; adopt ; appropriate ; 
 copy. 
 
 bort (bort), n. imperfect or inferior 
 diamonds used for polishing other 
 stones. 
 
 boscage or boskage (bos'kaj), n. 
 ground covered with trees and 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bos 
 
 boa 
 
 shrubs; woods; thickets; a wooded 
 landscape. 
 bosh, (bosh), n. absurd or empty 
 talk ; utter nonsense : inter j. hum- 
 bug! 
 
 bosket (bos'ket), n. a grove; a 
 thicket. 
 
 bosky (bos'ki), adj. woody; bushy. 
 
 bosom (boo'zum), n. the breast; 
 clothing covering the breast ; the af- 
 fections or passions ; something lik- 
 ened to a bosom, as a sustaining 
 surface, inmost recess, &c. : adj. per- 
 taining to the bosom ; intimate ; 
 cherished ; beloved ; worn on the 
 bosom : v.t . to place or harbor in the 
 bosom ; cherish ; conceal. 
 
 boss (bos), n. [pi. bosses ('ez)], a 
 protuberant part; a stud or knob; 
 an ornamental projection of a ceil- 
 ing: v.t. to ornament with studs or 
 knobs. 
 
 boss (b6s), n. a master, superintend- 
 ent ; foreman ; leader : adj. chief ; 
 most highly esteemed : v.t. to direct ; 
 manage. 
 
 botanic (bo-tan'ik), or botanical 
 ('i-kal.), 0>dj- pertaining to botany. 
 
 botanically (-li), adv. from a bota- 
 nist's point of view ; according to a 
 system of botany. 
 
 botanist (bot'a-nist), n. one who 
 studies or is skilled in a knowledge 
 of plants. 
 
 botanize (bot'a-niz), v.t. to seek af- 
 ter plants for the purpose of study- 
 ing them : v.t. to explore botanically. 
 
 botany (bot'a-ni), n. the science 
 which treats of plants. 
 
 botch (boch), n. a swelling on the 
 skin ; a large ulcerous affection. 
 
 botch (boch), v.t. to mend or patch 
 in a clumsy manner ; put together 
 unskilfully : n. a clumsy patch ; bad 
 work. 
 
 botchy (boch'i), adj. marked with 
 botches. 
 
 both (both), adj. & pron. the one and 
 the other ; the two ; the pair, with- 
 out excepting either : adv. & conj. as. 
 
 bother (bo^'er), v.t. to annoy; 
 tease ; worry ; give trouble : v.i. to 
 trouble one's self ; be troublesome : 
 n. worry ; annoyance ; one who, or 
 that which, bothers. 
 
 botheration (botfft-er-a/shun), n. the 
 
 act of bothering, or state of being 
 bothered. 
 
 bothersome (bo^'er-sum), adj. trou- 
 blesome. 
 bots (bots), n.pl. the larvae of several 
 species of gadfly, which infest horses, 
 oxen, sheep, &c. 
 
 bottle (bot'l), n. a hollow vessel, 
 usually with a narrow neck, made 
 of glass or earthenware, for holding 
 liquids; the contents of a bottle: 
 v.t. to put into bottles; a quantity 
 of hay or grass bundled up. 
 
 bottle-holder (bot'l-hold'er), n. one 
 who waits upon a pugilist in a prize- 
 fight, administering refreshment, 
 &c. ; a backer ; a second. 
 
 bottle-nose (bot'1-noz), n. a name 
 given to several species of cetaceans 
 having bottle-shaped noses. 
 
 bottom (bot'um), n. the deepest part 
 of anything; the base; foundation; 
 root ; the ground under any body of 
 water; the buttocks; the seat of a 
 chair; low land formed by alluvial 
 deposits; a river; a valley; a dale; 
 a ship ; stamina : adj. lowest ; un- 
 dermost : v.t. to found or build 
 upon; furnish with a bottom; 
 fathom; get to the bottom of: v.i. 
 to rest ; be based or grounded. 
 
 bottom-lands (bot'um-lanz), n.pl. 
 rich flat alluvial soil on the river 
 banks of the Western States. 
 
 bottomry (bot'um-ri), n. the act of 
 borrowing money on the security of 
 a ship. 
 
 bouche or bouch (boosh), v.t. to 
 drill a new mouth or vent in. 
 
 boudoir (boo'dwar), n. a small room, 
 elegantly furnished for a lady's pri- 
 vate use. 
 
 bouffe (boof), n. opera-bouffe ; comic 
 opera. 
 
 bough (bou), n. an arm or branch of 
 a tree. 
 
 bought, p.t. & p.p. of buy. 
 
 bougie (boo-zhe'), n. sl wax taper or 
 candle; a slender flexible tube for 
 insertion in the urethra, rectum, 
 &c, in cases of stricture. 
 
 bouilli (boo'lye, French boo-ye'), n. 
 meat boiled or stewed with vege- 
 tables. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then, 
 
bon 
 
 bow 
 
 bouillon (boo'lyon, French boo- 
 yong'), n. a clear soup produced 
 from boiled meat. 
 
 boulder (bol'der), n. a large stone 
 worn or rounded by the action of 
 water ; a portion of rock which has 
 been transported to some distance 
 from its native bed. 
 
 boule (boo'le), n. the higher popular 
 assembly of ancient Athens; the 
 modern Greek legislative assembly. 
 
 boulevard ( boo'le- vard), n. a broad 
 street, planted with trees. 
 
 bounce (bouns), v.t. to cause to 
 bound ; to eject summarily ; to bully : 
 v.i. to strike against anything so as 
 to rebound ; leap or spring suddenly 
 or unceremoniously ; boast or blus- 
 ter : n. a sudden bound or spring ; a 
 heavy sudden thrust or thump; a 
 boast ; brag ; an impudent lie : adv. 
 with a spring ; suddenly. 
 
 bound (bound), n. a limit; confine; 
 extent ; boundary : pi. territory 
 within certain boundaries : v.t. to 
 serve as a limit to ; circumscribe. 
 
 bound (bound), v.i. to jump or spring 
 suddenly or in succession ; leap ; re- 
 bound : n. a leap ; spring ; jump ; 
 rebound. 
 
 bound, p.t. & p.p. of bind. 
 
 bound (bound), adj. ready to go; 
 destined. 
 
 boundary (bound'a-ri), n. [pi. boun- 
 daries (-riz)], the extent or limit of 
 anything. 
 
 bounteous (boun'te-us), adj. giving 
 freely ; liberal in gifts ; munificent. 
 
 bountiful (boun'ti-fool), adj. liberal 
 in bestowing gifts or favors ; gener- 
 ous; ample. 
 
 bountifully (-li), adv. in a liberal 
 manner. 
 
 bounty (boun'ti), n. [pi. bounties 
 ('tiz)], liberality in bestowing gifts 
 or favors ; generosity ; munificence ; 
 a premium offered by a government 
 to induce men to enlist in the army 
 or navy, or to encourage some 
 branch of industry. 
 
 bouquet (boo-ka'), n. a nosegay; a 
 perfume or aroma characteristic of 
 some wines. 
 
 bouquetier (boo-ke-ter'), n. a bou- 
 quet-holder. 
 
 bourdon (boor'-don), n. the bass 
 
 drone of the bagpipe ; a bass stop of 
 an organ. 
 
 bourgeois (boor-zhwa/), n. a French 
 citizen of the mercantile class ; a 
 shopkeeper ; a size of type between 
 long primer and brevier (ber-jois') 
 (see type) : adj. of or pertaining to 
 the mercantile or middle class. 
 
 bourgeoisie (boor-zhwa-ze'), n. the 
 French middle classes; the middle 
 class connected with the trade of 
 any country. 
 
 bourn (boorn), n. a stream; a rivu- 
 let ; a bound ; destination ; goal. 
 
 bourree (boor-ra'), a composition of 
 a lively character, allied to the 
 gavotte. 
 
 bourse (boors), n. a stock exchange 
 for the transaction of business, es- 
 pecially the Bourse or Stock Ex- 
 change of Paris. 
 
 bout (bout), n. a turn or bend; a 
 going and returning ; as much as is 
 performed at one time ; a trial ; 
 essay; round; contest. 
 
 boutonniere (boo-ton-nyar'), n. a 
 bouquet worn in the button-hole. 
 
 bovine (bo'vin), adj. of, or pertain- 
 ing to, oxen ; resembling or possess- 
 ing the characteristics of an ox or 
 cow; stolid, dull. 
 
 bow (bou), n. the forepart or prow 
 of a ship. 
 
 bow (bou), v.t. to bend; make curved 
 or crooked ; bend or incline, as the 
 head or body in token of respect ; 
 subdue : v.i. to make a bow : n. an 
 inclination of the head or bending 
 of the body, as a salute, or in token 
 of reverence, respect, assent, or sub- 
 mission. 
 
 bow (bo), n. a weapon for discharg- 
 ing arrows ; anything curved ; an 
 implement with which instruments 
 of the violin kind are played; an 
 elastic stick with its ends connected 
 by string, used for turning a drill, 
 &c. ; a looped ornamental knot of 
 ribbon or other material : v.t. to 
 bend or curve like a bow ; play with 
 a bow : v.i. become bent or curved. 
 
 bow-net (bo'net), n. a conical bas- 
 ket for trapping lobsters and cray- 
 fish. 
 
 bow-saw (bo'saw), n. a saw for 
 cutting curve?. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 D.10. book; hue, hut; think, then* 
 
bow 
 
 "bra 
 
 Bowdlerize (bod'ler-Iz), v.t. to ex- 
 purgate, as an editor, everything 
 deemed offensive or indelicate. 
 
 bowel (bou'el), n. one of the intes- 
 tines of an animal ; a gut [generally 
 in the pi.]: pi. the interior part of 
 anything; tenderness; pity (II Cor. 
 vi. 12). 
 
 bower (bou'er), n. a shelter con- 
 structed of boughs or twining 
 plants; an arbor. 
 
 bower (bou'er), n. an anchor carried 
 at the bow of a ship; one of the 
 two highest cards in euchre, or the 
 second and third highest (when the 
 joker is used). 
 
 boWery (bou'er-i), adj. like a bower; 
 shady. 
 
 bowery (bou'er-i), n. [pi. boweries 
 (-iz)], a country retreat; farm. 
 
 bowie-knife (bo'e-nif), n. a sheath- 
 knife formerly used in the United 
 States as a weapon. 
 
 bowl (bol), n. a circular hollow ves- 
 sel for holding liquids; a large 
 drinking cup ; the hollow or concave 
 part of anything. 
 
 bowl (bol), n. a ball of wood used 
 in the games of bowls, and skittles: 
 pi. a game played with bowls : v.i. 
 to play with bowls ; roll a bowl or 
 a cricket ball; move rapidly and 
 smoothly like a ball : v.t. to roll, as 
 a bowl or ball. 
 
 bowline (bo'lin), n. a rope fastened 
 near the middle of a square-sail, to 
 keep the ship near the wind. 
 
 bowse (bouz), v.i. to pull or haul 
 hard. 
 
 bowsprit (bS'sprit), n. a large boom 
 or spar running out from the stem 
 of a ship or other vessel to carry 
 its sails forward. 
 
 bowstring (bo'string), n. string of 
 a bow ; string used by the Turks for 
 strangling offenders : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. bowstrung, p.pr. bowstringing], 
 to strangle with a bowstring. 
 
 box (boks), n. an evergreen shrub or 
 small tree, yielding a hard close- 
 • grained wood : adj. of box, or re- 
 sembling a box-tree. 
 
 box (boks), n. [pi. boxes ('ez)L a 
 case or receptacle for holding any- 
 thing ; the quantity a box contains ; 
 the driver's seat on a carriage; a 
 
 compartment in a theater or other 
 public place; a Christmas present; 
 a place of shelter for a man on 
 duty; a small country house used 
 by sportsmen ; a cylindrical hollow 
 iron in a wheel, in which the axle 
 runs ; a case to protect mechanism 
 from injury : v.t. to enclose in a 
 box; confine; boxhaul. 
 
 box (boks), n. a blow on the head 
 with the fist, or on the ear with 
 the open hand: v.t. to strike with 
 the fist or hand : v.i. to fight with 
 the fists. 
 
 boxhaul (boks'hawl), v.t. to veer a 
 ship round instead of tacking. 
 
 boxiana (bok-si-an'a or -a'na), n.pl. 
 the literature of prize-fighting. 
 
 boxing-glove (boks'ing-gluv), n. a 
 padded glove. 
 
 box-metal (boks'met-al), n. an an- 
 tifriction alloy used for journal- 
 boxes, shafting, &c. 
 
 boy (boi), n. a male child; a young 
 lad ; sometimes used for a man. 
 
 boy (boi), n. a palanquin bearer. 
 
 boyar (boi'ar), n. a Russian landed 
 proprietor ; the name of the Con- 
 servative party in Roumania. 
 
 boycott (boi'kot), v.t. to combine 
 against a person so as to ostracize 
 socially, and prevent or hinder the 
 conduct of his business or profes- 
 sion, as a means of punishment or 
 intimidation: n. the act or state of 
 boycotting; a combination for such 
 a purpose. 
 
 boycottee (boi-kot-e'), n. a boycot- 
 ted person. 
 
 boyer (boi'er), n. a Flemish sloop 
 with a raised structure at each end. 
 
 boyhood (boi'hood), n. the state of 
 being a boy. 
 
 boyish (boi'ish), adj. pertaining to a 
 boy or boyhood; childish; puerile. 
 
 brace (bras), n. that which holds 
 anything tightly or supports it firm- 
 ly; a prop; a bandage; a pair; a 
 curve connecting two or more lines : 
 
 thus Bits } ; a curved instrument 
 for holding and turning boring tools ; 
 a rope reeved through a block at the 
 end of a yard, by which the yard is 
 swung from the deck; a timber or 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think v *ften. 
 
bra 
 
 bra 
 
 scantling to strengthen the frame- 
 work of a building : pi. the leathern 
 bands clasping the cords at the side 
 of a drum ; shoulder-straps to sup- 
 port the trowsers : v.t . to bind or 
 tie closely ; strain up ; strengthen ; 
 furnish with supports. 
 
 brace-drill (bras'dril), n. a drill for 
 boring metals. 
 
 bracelet (bras'let), n. an ornamental 
 band or ring for the wrist. 
 
 brachial (bra'ki- or brak'i-al), adj. 
 pertaining to, or connected with, 
 the arm. 
 
 brachiate (bra'ki- or brak'i-at), adj. 
 having branches in pairs, nearly 
 horizontal, and each pair at right 
 angles with the next. 
 
 bracken (brak'en), n. the brake 
 fern. 
 
 bracket (brak'et), n. a supporting 
 piece projecting from a wall ; a 
 single or jointed gas-pipe, burner, 
 &c. ; one of two marks [ ] , used to 
 enclose a word or note, or to indi- 
 cate an interpolation ; a brace : v.t. 
 to furnish with or enclose within 
 brackets ; connect by brackets ; 
 couple together. 
 
 brackish (brak'ish), adj. saltish. 
 
 bract (brackt), n. a modified leaf 
 growing from the flower stem, or 
 enveloping a head of flowers. 
 
 bracteate (brak'te-at), adj. fur- 
 nished with bracts ; made of thin 
 beaten metal. 
 
 bracteolate (brak'te-o-lat), adj. 
 furnished with bracteoles. 
 
 bracteole (brak'te-6l), n. a small 
 bract. 
 
 brad (brad), n. a ^ender flat nail, 
 having a projection on one side : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. bradded, p.pr. bradding], 
 to nail or secure with brads. 
 
 brae (bra), n. a hillside; sloping 
 ground. 
 
 brag (brag), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bragged, 
 p.pr. bragging], to boast; speak 
 vaingloriously : n. a boast ; a thing 
 to boast of ; ostentatious pretense ; 
 a game of cards. 
 
 braggadocio (brag-a-do'shio), n. a 
 boaster; a braggart; empty boast- 
 ing. 
 
 braggart (brag'art), n. a boaster; a 
 vain fellow: adj. boastful. 
 
 bragger (brag'er), n. one who brags. 
 
 brahma (bra/ma), n. a useful varie- 
 ty of large domestic fowl. 
 
 Brahmin (bra'min) n.[pl. Brahmins 
 (-minz)], a member of the Hindu 
 priestly caste. 
 
 Brahminee (bra'min-e), n. a female 
 Brahmin. 
 
 Brahminism (bra'min-izm), n. the 
 religion or doctrines of the Brah- 
 mins or Brahminists. 
 
 braid (brad), v.t. to weave or inter- 
 twine ; plait : n. a plaited band or 
 fillet. 
 
 Braidism (bra'dizm), n. hypnotism. 
 
 brail (bral), n.pl. certain ropes used 
 to gather up the foot and leeches of 
 a sail prior to furling : v.t. to haul 
 in by the brails [usually with up]. 
 
 braille (bral'), n. a system of raised 
 printed characters for blind readers. 
 
 brain (bran), n. the soft whitish con- 
 voluted mass occupying the cranium 
 of a vertebrate, constituting the cen- 
 ter of the nervous system, and the 
 seat of consciousness and volition ; 
 the understanding ; intellectual pow- 
 er : v.t. dash out the brains of. 
 
 brain- wave (bran'wav), n. a tele- 
 pathic vibration by which it is sup- 
 posed' a thought is conveyed from 
 one mind to another. 
 
 brainy (bran'i), adj. possessed of 
 brains ; acute ; sharp witted. 
 
 braise (braz), v.t. to stew (as meat) 
 in a covered vessel : n. braised meat. 
 
 brait (brat), n. a rough diamond. 
 
 brake (brak), n. an instrument or 
 machine to break flax ; the handle of 
 a pump ; a baker's kneading trough ; 
 a sharp bit or snaffle ; a frame for 
 confining refractory horses while 
 shoeing; a heavy vehicle without a 
 body, for breaking in young horses 
 to harness ; a kind of wagonette ; 
 a heavy harrow for breaking clods ; 
 a mechanical device for checking the 
 motion of a vehicle or machine; a 
 brake van. 
 
 brake (brak), n. a place overgrown 
 with bracken, brushwood, &c. : the 
 common fern. 
 
 brake-shoe (brak'shoo), n. that part 
 of a brake which presses against the 
 wheel. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hutj think, then. 
 
"bra 
 
 bra 
 
 braky (brak'i), adj. full of bracken, 
 brushwood, &c. ; rough ; thorny. 
 
 bramble (bram'bl), n. the English 
 blackberry ; any prickly bush or 
 shrub. 
 
 brambly (bram'bli), adj. full of 
 brambles. 
 
 bran (bran), n. the husks of wheat, 
 rye, &c, separated from the flour 
 by bolting. 
 
 branch (branch), n. [pi. branches 
 ('ez)], a shoot or limb from a main 
 bough ; an off-shoot ; any member or 
 part of a body or system ; a depart- 
 ment ; a section or subdivision ; any 
 part of a family descending in a 
 collateral line : adj. deviating from 
 the trunk or main body : v.i. to 
 ramify ; diverge ; spread diffusely 
 [with out] : v.t. to divide. 
 
 branchiae (brang'ki-e), n.pl. the re- 
 spiratory organs of fishes and some 
 amphibia ; gills. 
 
 branchial (brang'ki-al), adj. per- 
 taining to the branchiae or gills. 
 
 branchiate (brang'ki-at), adj. hav- 
 ing permanent gills. 
 
 branchlet (branch'let), n. a little 
 branch. 
 
 branchy (bran'chi), adj. full of 
 branches. 
 
 brand (brand), n. a burning piece of 
 wood, any form of trade-mark : 
 hence, quality or kind ; a stigma or 
 mark of infamy ; a fungoid disease 
 of plants : v.t. to mark by burning 
 with a hot iron, or by other means ; 
 stigmatize. 
 
 brandish (bran'dish), v.t. to move, 
 wave, or shake, as a raised weapon. 
 
 brandling (brand'ling), n. a salmon 
 of the first year ; a small red worm 
 used for bait by fresh-water anglers. 
 
 brandy (bran'di), n. [pi. brandies 
 ('diz)], an ardent alcoholic liquor 
 distilled from wine or the husks of 
 grapes. 
 
 bran-new (bran'mi), adj. quite new. 
 
 branny (bran'i), adj. having the ap- 
 pearance of bran ; consisting chiefly 
 of bran. 
 
 brant. Same as brant-goose. 
 
 brant-fox (brant'foks), n. a variety 
 of fox found in Sweden. Called 
 also brent-fox. 
 
 brant-goose (brant'goos), n. the 
 smallest species of the wild goose. 
 
 brash (brash), adj. brittle, as wood. 
 
 brash (brash), n. a rash or eruption. 
 
 brash (brash), n. broken, loose, and 
 angular fragments of rock under- 
 lying alluvial deposits ; small bro- 
 ken pieces of ice. 
 
 brasqne (brask), n. a paste used for 
 lining crucibles, &c. : v.t. to , line 
 with brasque. 
 
 brass .(bras), n. [pi. brasses ('ez)], 
 an alloy of copper and zinc ; a uten- 
 sil, ornament, or other article made 
 of brass ; a monumental tablet of 
 brass ; money ; impudence : pi. the 
 brass instruments of a band : v.t. to 
 cover with brass. 
 
 brassy (bras'i), adj. pertaining to, or 
 resembling, brass ; impudent, brazen. 
 
 brat (brat), n. a child [used con- 
 temptuously]. 
 
 brattice (brat'is), n. a partition or 
 separation-wall in a level or shaft 
 to form an air passage: v.t. to di- 
 vide by a brattice. 
 
 bratticing (brat'is-ing), n. orna- 
 mental open-work cresting; rich 
 open work in metal ; a brattice ; a 
 boarded protection against machin- 
 ery. 
 
 bravado (bra-va'do), n. [pi. brava- 
 dos & -does ('doz)], arrogant men- 
 ace ; defiance. 
 
 brave (brav), adj. bold; courageous; 
 intrepid ; making a fine show : n. an 
 Indian warrior ; one indiscreetly 
 bold : v.t. to encounter with courage 
 and fortitude; defy. 
 
 bravery (bra'ver-i),. n. the quality 
 of being brave; fearlessness; mag- 
 nificence. 
 
 bravo (bra'vo), inter j. well done! 
 good ! n. a cheer. 
 
 bravo (bra'vo), n. [pi. bravos or -voes 
 ( 'voz ) ] , a daring villain ; a bandit ; 
 an assassin. 
 
 bravnra (bra-voo'ra), n. an air of 
 florid, brilliant style, adapted to dis- 
 play the skill of the performer, or 
 the range and flexibility of a sing- 
 er's voice : adj. brilliant ; florid ; per- 
 taining to a bravura. 
 
 brawl (brawl), v.i. to quarrel noisi- 
 ly and outrageously ; make a noise 
 as of water rushing over a rocky or 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bra 
 
 bre 
 
 pebbly bed: n. a noisy quarrel; an 
 uproar ; a row. 
 
 brawn (brawn), n. boar's flesh, espe- 
 cially when prepared by collaring, 
 boiling, and pickling ; muscular 
 strength. 
 
 brawniness (-nes), n. hardness; 
 strength. 
 
 brawny (braw'ni), adj. muscular; 
 tough. 
 
 braxy (brak'si), n. a name given to 
 a variety of diseases of sheep; a 
 diseased sheep, or its mutton : adj. 
 affected with braxy. 
 
 bray (bra), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. brayed, 
 p.pr. braying], to pound or beat fine 
 or small : v.i. to utter a loud, harsh 
 cry, as the ass : n. the harsh cry of 
 an ass. 
 
 braze (bra.z),v.t. to solder with brass ; 
 cover or ornament with brass. 
 
 brazen (bra'zn), adj. made of brass; 
 pertaining to brass ; impenetrable ; 
 impudent; shameless: v.t. to carry 
 off or behave with insolence or ef- 
 frontery. 
 
 Brazen Age (aj), n. the age that 
 succeeded to the Silver Age, charac- 
 terized by violence. 
 
 brazier (bra'zher), n. an open pan 
 for burning charcoal. 
 
 brazil-wood (bra-zil'wood), n. a 
 very heavy wood of a red color from 
 Brazil, used for dyeing red. 
 
 braziletto (braz-i-let'o), n. an in- 
 ferior sort of brazil-wood brought 
 from Jamaica. 
 
 Brazilian pebbles (peb'lz), n.pl. 
 lenses made from rock crystal from 
 Brazil. 
 
 brazilin (braz'i-lin), n. the coloring 
 substance extracted from brazil- 
 wood. 
 
 brazil-nut (bra-zil'nut), n. the seed 
 of a palm of tropical America. 
 
 breach, (brech), n. the act of break- 
 ing ; the violation of a law, contract, 
 or any other engagement ; a gap ; a 
 difference ; quarrel ; injury ; surf : 
 v.t. to make an opening in. 
 
 bread (bred), n. food made from 
 ground corn ; food in general. 
 
 bread-fruit (-froot), n. the fruit of 
 a tree growing in the Pacific islands, 
 which, when roasted, is eaten as 
 bread. 
 
 bread-stuff (-stuf), n. bread-corn: 
 flour ; meal from which bread is 
 made. 
 
 breadth (bredth), n. the measure of 
 any surface from side to side ; free- 
 dom from narrowness ; broad effect. 
 
 break (brak), v.t. [p.t. broke, p.p. 
 broken, p.pr. breaking], to sep- 
 arate with violence ; interrupt ; frac- 
 ture ; weaken or destroy ; disperse ; 
 violate ; make bankrupt ; make a 
 first disclosure of ; dismiss, cashier, 
 or reduce to the ranks; tame or 
 subdue : n. a breach ; rupture ; an 
 interruption ; change of direction ; 
 a first appearance; a pause; an 
 opening in the circuit causing in- 
 terruption to an electric current; a 
 twist of the ball in cricket ; a play- 
 er's turn in billiards ; the number of 
 points scored successively ; altera- 
 tion of the male voice at puberty ; a 
 sudden fall in prices. 
 
 breakage (bra'kaj), n. the act of 
 breaking ; allowance for accidental 
 fracture. 
 
 breakdown (brak'doun), n. a col- 
 lapse; failure; downfall, as of a 
 carriage ; a lively, noisy dance. 
 
 breaker (bra'ker), n. one who, or 
 that which, breaks ; a machine to 
 crush rocks, &c. ; a wave broken 
 against the shore, or a rock [usual- 
 ly in the pi.] ; a small water cask; 
 a trainer of horses, &c. 
 
 breakfast (brek'fast), n. the first 
 meal in the day : v.t. to provide with 
 or entertain at breakfast : v.i. to 
 eat breakfast. 
 
 breakwater ('waw-ter), n. any 
 structure to break the force of the 
 waves. 
 
 bream (brem), n, a broad-shaped 
 fresh-water fish of the carp family : 
 v.t. to clear of shells, seaweed, &c, 
 by fire. 
 
 breast (brest), n. the fore part of the 
 body between the neck and the ab- 
 domen ; one of the organs in wom- 
 en, and some other mammalia, for 
 the secretion of milk ; the affec- 
 tions ; the conscience ; the front of 
 anything : v.t. to present the front 
 to ; meet or oppose manfully or 
 openly ; stem. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
lire 
 
 hri 
 
 breastfast ('fast), n. a large rope 
 or chain to secure the midship part 
 of a ship to a dock, wharf, or to 
 another vessel. 
 
 breastplate ('plat), n. a portion of 
 armor covering the front of the 
 body ; a part of the vestment of the 
 Jewish high -priest. 
 
 breastwork ('werk), n. a hastily 
 constructed work thrown up breast- 
 high for defense; the parapet of a 
 building. 
 
 breath (breth), n. the air inhaled 
 and exhaled in respiration ; life ; the 
 power or capacity to breathe freely ; 
 respite; a pause; a respiration; an 
 instant ; air in gentle motion ; a 
 mere word; a trifle; an odorous ex- 
 halation; fragrance; an aspirate. 
 
 breathe (breth), v.i. to inhale air 
 and expel it from the lungs; live; 
 take breath ; rest from action ; pass, 
 as air ; blow softly ; insinuate : v.t. 
 to inhale and exhale ; inspire ; whis- 
 per ; exercise ; blow into. 
 
 breathing (bre'£Mng), n. respira- 
 tion ; air in gentle motion ; a gentle 
 influence ; a pause ; ardent desire ; 
 an accent [']. 
 
 breccia (brech'ia), n. angular rock 
 fragments united by a matrix. 
 
 bree (bre), n. broth; sauce; mois- 
 ture. 
 
 breech (brech), n. the buttocks; the 
 hinder part of anything ; the part 
 of a cannon or other firearm behind 
 the bore or chamber : v.t. to put into 
 breeches ; furnish with a breech ; 
 fasten by a breeching. 
 
 breeches (brich'ez), n.pl. a garment 
 worn by men, covering the legs from 
 the knees to the hips; trowsers or 
 pantaloons. 
 
 breeching (brich'ing), n. the harness 
 which passes round a horse's breech ; 
 a strong rope to check the recoil of 
 a gun. 
 
 breed (bred), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bred, 
 p.pr. breeding] , to procreate ; hatch ; 
 produce ; train ; rear : v.i. to bear 
 young ; be fruitful ; be produced : n. 
 a race or progeny from the same 
 parents or stock. . 
 
 breeze (brez), n. a gadfly or horsefly. 
 
 breeze (brez), n. a gentle gale; a 
 
 fresh soft wind; an excited quarrel 
 or wrangle. 
 
 breeze (brez), n. house sweepings; 
 sifted ashes and cinders used in 
 burning bricks. 
 
 brethren (breth'ren), n. plural of 
 brother. 
 
 breve (brev), n. a note of time equal 
 to two semibreves or four minims; 
 a mark (~) used to indicate a short 
 vowel. 
 
 brevet (bre-vef), n. a commission 
 to an officer in the army conferring 
 a higher rank, but without increase 
 of pay; a patent; a warrant; a li- 
 cense : adj. conferred by brevet : v.t . 
 [p.t. & p.p. brevetted, p.pr. brevet- 
 ting], to confer brevet rank upon. 
 
 breviary (bre'vi-a-ri, or brev'i-a-ri ) , 
 n. [pi. breviaries (-riz)], a book 
 containing the daily offices and 
 prayers. 
 
 brevier (bre-ver'), n. a size of type 
 between bourgeois and minon. 
 (See type.) 
 
 brevity (brev'i-ti), n. [pi. brevities 
 (-tiz)], shortness; conciseness. 
 
 brew (broo), v.t. to make liquors 
 from malt or other materials ; plot : 
 v.i. be in preparation : n. the action, 
 process, or product of brewing. 
 
 brewery (broo'er-i), n. a brew-house. 
 
 briar-root (bri'er-root), n. the root 
 of the white heath, used in the 
 manufacture of tobacco-pipes. Also 
 brier-root. 
 
 bribe (brib), n. a gift or considera- 
 tion in money given or promised 
 with the object of corrupting or un- 
 duly influencing the judgment or 
 conduct of the recipient : v.t. to 
 gain over or influence by a bribe: 
 v.i. to practice or attempt bribery. 
 
 bribery (brib'er-i), n. [pi. briberies 
 (-iz)], the act or practice of brib- 
 ing. 
 
 bric-a-brac (brik'a-brak), n. an- 
 tique articles of vertu; fancy ware. 
 
 brick (brik), n. an oblong block of 
 kneaded clay dried in the sun or 
 burned in a kiln; a jolly, good-na- 
 tured fellow : adj. made of, or re- 
 sembling, brick : v.t. to lay or build 
 with bricks ; make like brickwork. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
brf 
 
 brick-kiln (-kil), n. a kiln or fur- 
 nace in which bricks are baked or 
 burnt. 
 
 bricole (bri-kol'), 11. harness worn 
 by men for dragging guns or loads. 
 
 bridal (brid'al), n. a marriage; nup- 
 tials : adj. pertaining to a bride, or 
 wedding. 
 
 bride (brld), n. a woman newly mar- 
 ried, or about to be married. 
 
 bridegroom ('groom), n. a man new- 
 ly married, or about to be married. 
 
 bridesmaid (-z'mad), n. a young 
 unmarried woman who attends on 
 a bride. 
 
 bridewell (brid'wel), n. a house of 
 correction for the confinement of 
 disorderly persons. 
 
 bridge (brij), n. a structure of iron, 
 stone, or wood, spanning a river, 
 road, valley, &c. ; anything resem- 
 bling a bridge in form or use; an 
 apparatus for measuring the resist- 
 ance of a conductor, called Wheat- 
 stone's bridge ; a game of cards : v.t. 
 to build a bridge ; make a passage ; 
 find a way of overcoming. 
 
 bridge-board ('bord), n. a notched 
 board into which the ends of the 
 steps of wooden stairs are fastened. 
 
 bridge-deck ('dek), n. a partial 
 deck extending from side to side of 
 a vessel amidships. 
 
 bridge-head ('hed), n. a covering 
 work to protect the end of a bridge 
 nearest the enemy; a tete-de-pont. 
 
 bridge-rail ('nil), n. a railroad rail 
 with an arched tread and lateral 
 foot-flanges. 
 
 bridge-train ('tran), n. sl pontoon 
 train. 
 
 bridging (brij'ing), n. a piece of 
 wood between two beams to keep 
 them apart. 
 
 bridle (bri'dl), n. the headstall, bit, 
 and reins by which a horse is con- 
 trolled ; a restraint : v.t. to put a 
 bridle on ; control ; guide : v.i. to 
 hold the head up, as an indication 
 of pride, scorn, or anger [with up]. 
 
 bridoon (bri-doon'), n. the light 
 snaffle and rein of a military bridle. 
 
 brief (bref), adj. short; concise; 
 contracted ; narrow : n. an epitome ; 
 an abridged statement of a case for 
 
 UN 
 
 the instruction of counsel; a writ; 
 a papal letter : v.t. to shorten ; make 
 an abstract of. 
 
 brier (brl'er), n. a thorny plant or 
 shrub. 
 
 brig (brig), n. a two-masted, square- 
 rigged vessel. 
 
 brigade (bri-gad'), n. a subdivision 
 of an army, consisting of several 
 regiments, squadrons, or battalions 
 (cavalry, infantry, militia, or volun- 
 teers), under the command of a 
 brigadier-general ; an organized 
 body acting under authority : v.t. to 
 form into a brigade or brigades. 
 
 brigadier (brig-a-der'), n. a general 
 officer commanding a brigade, and 
 ranking next below a major-gen- 
 eral. Also brigadier-general. 
 
 brigand (brig'and), n. a robber; a 
 member of a gang of freebooters 
 infesting mountainous districts; a 
 highwayman ; a bandit. 
 
 brigandage (brig'and-aj), n. the life 
 and practices of a brigand; organ- 
 ized robbery. 
 
 brigantine (brig'an-tin or -tin), n. 
 a small two-masted vessel, square- 
 rigged like a brig, but with fore- 
 and-aft mainsail and raking masts. 
 
 bright (brit), adj. [comp. brighter, 
 superl. brightest], luminous; bril- 
 liant ; shining ; sparkling ; illustri- 
 ous ; glorious ; witty ; clever ; lively ; 
 auspicious ; alert ; glowing. 
 
 brighten (brit'n),i?i. to grow bright; 
 clear up : v.t. to make bright or 
 luminous ; make gay or cheerful ; 
 make acute. 
 
 Bright's disease (brit's-diz-ez'), n. 
 a form of kidney disease character- 
 ized by the presence of albumin in 
 the urine. 
 
 brill (bril), n. a flat fish resembling 
 the turbot. Also prill. 
 
 brilliancy (bril'yan-si), n. splendor. 
 
 brilliant (bril'yant), adj. sparkling; 
 lustrous ; glittering ; distinguished : 
 n. a diamond, cut to exhibit its re- 
 fracting qualities to the best ad- 
 vantage; the smallest size of type. 
 (See type.) 
 
 brilliant ine (bril'yan-tin), n. a cos- 
 metic preparation for imparting a 
 gloss to the hair. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bri 
 
 bro 
 
 brilliantly- (-li), adv. in a brilliant 
 manner. 
 
 brim (brim), n. the edge of any- 
 thing: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. brimmed, p. 
 pr. brimming], to fill to the brim: 
 v.i. to be full to the brim. 
 
 brimful (brim'fool), adj. overflow- 
 ing. 
 
 brimstone (brim'ston), n. sulphur: 
 adj. made of brimstone ; of the color 
 of sulphur. 
 
 brine (brln), n. salt water; pickle; 
 the ocean; tears: v.t. to steep in 
 brine. 
 
 bring (bring), v.t. Ip.t. & p.p. 
 brought, p.pr. bringing], to fetch or 
 convey from another place ; fetch ; 
 cause to come ; produce ; procure ; 
 conduct ; persuade ; lead. 
 
 brink (bringk), n. the edge; verge. 
 
 briny (bri'ni), adj. very salt. 
 
 briquette (bri-ket', French bre-ka'), 
 n. coal-dust molded into the shape of 
 bricks. 
 
 brisk (brisk), adj. lively; active r 
 swift; vivacious; effervescing vigor- 
 ously ; sparkling ; burning freely : 
 v.i. to become brisk [generally with 
 up]. 
 
 brisket (bris'ket), n. that part of 
 an animal's breast where the ribs 
 join the breast-bone. 
 
 bristle (bris'l), n. a short stiff, coarse 
 hair, especially upon the back and 
 
 • sides of swine; any stiff, sharp 
 hair: v.t. to erect like bristles; fix 
 a bristle to. 
 
 bristly (bris'li), adj. covered with 
 bristles. 
 
 bristol board (bris'tol bord), n. a 
 thick, smooth, white pasteboard. 
 
 bristol paper (pa'per), n. a kind of 
 stout drawing paper. 
 
 bristol stone (ston), n. a transpar- 
 ent rock-crystal. Called, when pol- 
 ished, bristol diamond. 
 
 brit (brit), n. the young of the her- 
 ring and sprat ; small animals upon 
 which whales feed. 
 
 britannia metal (bri-tan'i-a-met'- 
 al), n. a white metal alloy of tin, 
 copper, antimony, and bismuth. 
 
 brite (brit), v.i. to be over-ripe. 
 
 British (brit'ish), adj. of, or per- 
 taining to, Great Britain or its in- 
 
 habitants ; pertaining to the ancient 
 Britons. 
 
 Britisher (brit'ish-er), n. a British 
 subject, especially one belonging to 
 the British army or navy. 
 
 Briton (brit'un), n. a native of Great 
 Britain. 
 
 brittle (brit'l), adj. apt to break; 
 not tough. 
 
 britzska (brits'ka), n. an open car- 
 riage used in Russia. 
 
 broach (broch), n. an awl; spike; 
 skewer; any boring bit or drill; a 
 stonecutter's chisel ; a spire rising 
 directly from a tower without a 
 parapet: v.t. to tap or pierce; be- 
 gin a discussion about. 
 
 broad (brawd), adj. [comp. broader, 
 superl. broadest], wide; ample; 
 vast ; liberal ; comprehensive ; wide- 
 ly diffused; open; unrestrained; 
 evident ; characterized by breadth 
 of treatment ; bold ; indelicate : n. a 
 flooded fen ; an expansion of a river 
 over low-lying land. 
 
 broad-arrow (-ar'o), n. a British 
 government mark to distinguish its 
 property. 
 
 broad- cloth ('klawth), n. a fine 
 woolen cloth with a smooth finished 
 surface. 
 
 broad-seal ('sel), n. the great seal 
 of England. 
 
 broadside ('sid), n. the entire side 
 of a ship above the water-line ; a 
 simultaneous volley from one side 
 of a warship ; a sheet printed on one 
 side, and containing information of 
 a popular character, or an attack 
 on some public person. 
 
 broadsword ('sord), n. a cutting 
 sword with a broad blade. 
 
 broaden (brawd'n)^ v.i. to grow 
 broad: v.t. to make broad or com- 
 prehensive. 
 
 Brobdingnagian (brob'ding-nag'i- 
 an), adj. resembling an inhabitant 
 of the fabled country of Brobding- 
 nag in Swift's "Gulliver's Travels," 
 hence, gigantic : n. a giant. 
 
 brocade (bro-kad'), n. a. silk stuff 
 variegated with gold and silver flow- 
 ers, &c. 
 
 brocatelle (brok'a-tel), n. a beauti- 
 fully variegated marble obtained 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then* 
 
bro 
 
 Tip© 
 
 from Italy and Spain ; a figured fab- 
 ric of silky texture. 
 
 broccoli (brok'6-li), n. a variety of 
 cabbage. 
 
 broch (brok), n. a prehistoric roof- 
 less round tower, with massive walls 
 of unhewn stone: found chiefly in 
 Scotland. 
 
 brochure (bro-shoor'), n. a pamphlet 
 dealing with a subject of passing 
 interest. 
 
 brock (brok), n. a badger. 
 
 brogue (brog), n. a coarse, rough 
 shoe ; a dialectic pronunciation. 
 
 broil (broil), v.t. to cook upon a 
 gridiron : v.i. to be subjected to 
 great heat; to be heated with pas- 
 sion : n. a noisy quarrel. 
 
 brokage (bro'kaj), n. the premium 
 or commission of a broker; broker- 
 age. 
 
 broke, p.t. & p.p. of break. 
 
 broken (bro'kn), p.adj. not entire; 
 in pieces ; rough ; hilly ; trans- 
 gressed ; bankrupt ; crushed ; infirm ; 
 imperfect ; interrupted. 
 
 broker (bro'ker), n. one who acts as 
 agent or middleman for another ; a 
 dealer in second-hand furniture. 
 
 brokerage (bro'ker-aj), n. the busi- 
 ness of a broker ; his fee or com- 
 mission. 
 
 broma (bro'ma), n. aliment; a light 
 preparation of cocoa or chocolate. 
 
 bromal (bro'mal), n. a colorless, oily 
 fluid obtained by the action of 
 bromine on alcohol. 
 
 br ornate (bro'mat), n. 2i salt of 
 bromic acid. 
 
 bro me -grass (brom'gras), n. a name 
 for the oat-like grasses of the genus 
 Bromus. 
 
 bromic acid (bro'mik as'id), n. a 
 compound of bromine and oxygen. 
 
 bromide (bro'mid or 'mid), n. a com- 
 pound of bromine. 
 
 bromide of potassium (of po-tas'- 
 i-um), n. a compound of bromine, 
 used largely in medicine as a seda- 
 tive. 
 
 bromine (bro'min or 'mln), n. a non- 
 metallic element related to chlorine 
 and iodine. 
 
 bromize (bro'miz), v.t. to prepare or 
 treat with a bromide. 
 
 bromochloralum (bro-mo-klo'ra- 
 
 lum), n. a disinfectant fluid, com- 
 posed of the bromide and chloride of 
 aluminium. 
 
 bromogelatin (bro - mo-jel'a-tin) , 
 adj. prepared from certain bromides, 
 nitrate of silver, and gelatine, and 
 used for the sensitive emulsions em- 
 ployed for dry photographic plates. 
 
 bronchi, n.J pi. of bronchus. 
 
 bronchia (brong'ki-a), n.pl. the 
 bronchial tubes. 
 
 bronchitic (brong-kit'ik), adj. of or 
 pertaining to bronchitis. 
 
 bronchitis (brong-kl'tis), n. an in- 
 flammation, acute or chronic, of the 
 mucous lining of the bronchial tubes. 
 
 broncho (brong'ko), n. an unbroken 
 Mexican or Californian horse. 
 
 bronchopneumonia (brong-ko-nu- 
 mo'ni-a), n. inflammation of the 
 lungs and bronchi. 
 
 bronchotomy (brong-kot'o-mi), n. 
 
 the operation of making an incision 
 
 into the windpipe or larynx to af- 
 
 # ford a passage for air to the lungs. 
 
 b'ronchus (brong'kus), n. [pi. 
 bronchi ('ki) ], one of the two prin- 
 cipal branches of the windpipe or 
 trachea. 
 
 bronze (bronz), n. an alloy of copper 
 and tin, to which other metallic sub- 
 stances are sometimes added ; a work 
 of art cast or wrought in bronze ; a 
 pigment used to imitate bronze ; im- 
 pudence : adj. made of or resembling 
 bronze: v.t. to make of the color of 
 bronze ; tan by exposure to the sun ; 
 apply bronze pigment or leaf to. 
 
 Bronze Age (aj), n. the age succeed- 
 ing the Stone Age, the ornaments 
 and weapons of that period being 
 made of bronze. 
 
 bronzine (bronz'in), n. a metal re- 
 sembling bronze. 
 
 brooch (broch), n. an ornamental 
 dress-clasp. 
 
 brood (brood), n. offspring; a hatch; 
 the young birds hatched at one time : 
 v.i. to sit on eggs, as a hen; linger 
 over sorrowfully [with on or over] : 
 v.t. to sit over, cover, and cherish; 
 ponder over. 
 
 broody (brood'i), adj. inclined to sit; 
 adapted for breeding. 
 
 brook (brook), n. a small stream. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
br« 
 
 brook (brook), v.t. to bear; put up 
 with. 
 
 brooklet (brook'let), n. a small 
 brook. 
 
 broom (broom), n. a shrub, bearing 
 large yellow flowers; a besom or 
 brush. 
 
 brose (broz), n. a kind of porridge, 
 made by pouring boiling water, or 
 milk, or meat liquor, on oatmeal. 
 
 broth, (broth), n. a kind of thin soup. 
 
 brothel (broth'el), n. a house of ill- 
 fame. 
 
 brother (bruta'er), n. [pi. brothers 
 (-erz), & brethren (breth'ren) ], a 
 male born of the same father and 
 mother ; one closely united by a com- 
 mon interest; a member of a re- 
 ligious order ; a fellow creature ; one 
 who resembles another. 
 
 brother-german (-jer'man), n. a 
 brother on both the father's and the 
 mother's side. 
 
 brother-in-law (-in-law), n. the 
 brother of one's husband or wife ; 
 sister's husband. 
 
 Brother Jonathan (jon'a-then), n. 
 a humorous personification of the 
 United States. 
 
 brother-nterine (-u'ter-in), n. one 
 born of the same mother, but of a 
 different father. 
 
 brotherhood (bru£7i'er-hood), n. the 
 state or quality of being a brother ; 
 a fraternity. 
 
 brotherly (bru£7i/er-li), adj. as be- 
 comes a brother ; affectionate. 
 
 brougham (broo'am or broom), n. a 
 close four-wheeled carriage for one 
 or two horses. 
 
 brought, p.t. & p.p. of bring. 
 
 brow (brou), n. the arch of hair over 
 the eye ; the forehead ; the general 
 aspect of the countenance; the edge 
 of a steep place; the upper portion 
 of a hill. 
 
 browbeat (brou'bet), v.t. [p.t. brow- 
 beat, p.p. browbeaten, p.pr. brow- 
 beating], to depress or bear down 
 arrogantly ; bully. 
 
 brown (broun), adj. of a dusky or 
 dark color : n. a dark color, inclined 
 to red or yellow; a halfpenny: v.i. 
 to become brown : v.t. to make 
 brown. 
 
 brownie (brou'ni), n. a beneficent 
 
 bru 
 
 spirit supposed to haunt old farm- 
 houses [Scotch]. 
 
 browse (brouz), n. the tender shoots 
 or twigs of shrubs and trees: v.t. 
 to feed on ; pasture on ; graze : said 
 of cattle, deer, &c. 
 
 bruin (broo'in), n. the brown bear. 
 
 bruise (brooz), n. an injury to the 
 flesh of an animal or to a plant or 
 other body, caused by a blow : v.t. 
 to injure, crush, or indent by a blow 
 or pressure without laceration ; con- 
 tuse; bray, as drugs, &c. : v.i. to 
 fight withthe fists ; box. 
 
 bruit (broot), n. report; rumor; 
 fame : v.t. toreport ; noise abroad. 
 
 brumal (broo'mal), adj. pertaining 
 to winter ; foggy ; misty. 
 
 brummagem (brum'ma-jem), adj. 
 sham ; counterfeit ; showy, but 
 worthless. 
 
 brunette (broo-nef), n. a woman 
 with a brown or dark complexion, 
 usually with dark hair and eyes: 
 adj. having such a color. 
 
 brunt (brunt), n. a violent shock; a 
 furious onslaught; a brief and sud- 
 den effort. 
 
 brush (brush), n. a thicket of small 
 trees ; the small trees and shrubs of 
 a wood ; an instrument composed of 
 bristles, &c, used for cleaning, ap- 
 plying paint, &c. ; the brushy tail 
 of a fox ; a slight encounter ; a 
 brushing; thin metallic plates or 
 flexible wires bound together, em- 
 ployed to conduct a current to or 
 from an electric motor, &c. ; a brief 
 trial of speed : v.t. to sweep, cleanse, 
 or rub with a brush ; touch lightly in 
 passing ; renovate ; ruffle [with up] : 
 v.i. to move with haste ; skim over 
 with a light touch. 
 
 brush- wheel ('hwel), n. a tooth- 
 less wheel used to turn a similar 
 wheel by means of bristles, leather, 
 cloth, &c, attached to the circum- 
 ference; a circular wheel for polish- 
 ing, used on a lathe. 
 
 brushwood (brush'wood), n. rough, 
 close bushes ; a thicket ; a coppice ; 
 small wood, suitable for the fire. 
 
 brusque (brusk), adj. abrupt in man- 
 ner. 
 
 Brussels-carpet (brus'elz-kar'pet) , 
 n. a strong kind of woolen carpet. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
brii 
 
 bue 
 
 Brussels-lace (-las), n. various 
 kinds of expensive lace made origi- 
 nally at Brussels. 
 
 Brussels-sprouts (-sproutz), n.pl. a 
 variety of the common cabbage. 
 
 brutal (broo'tal), adj. pertaining to 
 or resembling a brute; savage; 
 cruel. 
 
 brutality (broo-tal'i-ti), n. the qual- 
 ity of being brutal ; pitiless cruelty. 
 
 brutalize (broo'tal-iz), v.t. to make 
 brutal ; sensualize. 
 
 brutally (broo'tal-i), adv. in a cruel 
 or brutal manner ; inhumanly. 
 
 brute (broot), adj. without reason 
 or intelligence ; rough ; brutal ; un- 
 civilized : n. a beast ; an irrational, 
 irresponsible animal ; a brutal per- 
 son. 
 
 brutify (broo'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 brutified, p.pr. brutifying], to make 
 like a brute; degrade morally or 
 physically. 
 
 brutish (broot'ish), adj. pertaining 
 to, or resembling, a brute; savage; 
 sensuous. 
 
 bub (bub), n. a boy. Also bubby. 
 
 bubble (bub'l), n. a small bladder of 
 water or other fluid filled with air 
 or gas; anything unreal or unsub- 
 stantial ; a swindling speculation : 
 v.i. to rise in bubbles; run with a 
 gurgling sound : v.t. to cause to bub- 
 ble; cheat. 
 
 bubo (bu'bo), n. [pi. buboes ('boz)], 
 an inflammatory swelling in the 
 groin or armpit. 
 
 bubonocele (bu-bon'o-sel), n. rup- 
 ture or hernia in the groin. 
 
 buccal (buk'al), adj. pertaining to 
 the cheek. 
 
 buccaneer (buk-a-ner'), n. a pirate; 
 a sea-robber; one of the piratical ad- 
 venturers who, during a part of the 
 17th century, made depredations on 
 the Spaniards in America : v.i. act 
 the part of a buccaneer. 
 
 buccinator (buk'si-na-ter), n. a 
 muscle of the cheek called the trum- 
 peter's muscle from its use in blow- 
 ing wind-instruments. 
 
 buccinum (buk'sin-um), n. the genus 
 of mollusks to which the whelk be- 
 longs. 
 
 bucentaur (bu-sen'tawr), n. a fabu- 
 lous monster, half man and half « 
 
 bull ; the state barge of Venice used 
 by the doge in the annual ceremony 
 of espousing the Adriatic. 
 
 buchu (bu'ku), n. the name of cer- 
 tain species of Barosma, employed 
 as a medicine. 
 
 buck (buk), v.t. to break or pulver- 
 ize, as ore. 
 
 buck (buk), n. the male of the fal- 
 low-deer, goat, rabbit, hare, &c. ; a 
 gay fellow; a fop; a male Indian 
 or negro. 
 
 buck-eye ('I), n. a name of the 
 American horse-chestnut. 
 
 buck-bound ('hound), n. a stag- 
 hound. 
 
 buck- juniper ('jump'er), n. a vi- 
 cious untrained horse that en- 
 deavors to throw the rider by arch- 
 ing its back and drawing its feet 
 together. 
 
 buck-shot ('shot), shot of a large 
 size. 
 
 buck- wheat ('hwet), n. a plant cul- 
 tivated for its triangular seeds, 
 which are ground into meal and 
 used for food. 
 
 bucket (buk'et), n. a vessel for draw- 
 ing or holding water; the scoop of 
 a dredging-machine or of a grain 
 elevator; a receptacle on a water- 
 wheel which receives the force of the 
 water. 
 
 bucket-shop (-shop), n. an office for 
 gambling in stocks, grain, &c. in 
 small amounts. 
 
 buckle (buk'l), n. sl metal clasp con- 
 sisting of a frame with movable 
 tongue or catch, used for securing 
 straps, bands, &c. : v.t. to fasten 
 with a buckle ; twist, bend ; confine, 
 join ; to prepare for action : v.i. to 
 curl ; apply one's self with vigor 
 [with to]. 
 
 buckle (buk'l), n. a bend, or kink, 
 as in a blade; a curl of hair; the 
 condition of being curled, as hair. 
 
 buckler (buk'ler), n. a kind of an- 
 cient shield. 
 
 buckra (buk'ra), n. Negro term for 
 a white man. 
 
 buckram (buk'ram), n. coarse linen 
 cloth stiffened with dressing : adj. 
 made of, or resembling, buckram: 
 hence, stiff; precise. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hue 
 
 bul 
 
 bucolic (bu-kol'ik), adj. pastoral: n. 
 a pastoral poem ; a rustic. 
 
 bud (bud), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. budded, 
 p.pr. budding], to graft: v.i. to put 
 forth or produce buds ; begin to 
 grow : n. the rudimentary, unde- 
 veloped stage of a branch, leaf, or 
 flower ; a gemmule. 
 
 Buddhist (bood'ist), n. one who ac- 
 cepts the doctrines of Buddhism : 
 adj. pertaining to Buddha or Bud- 
 dhism. 
 
 budge (buj), v.i. to move from one's 
 position : v.t. change the position of. 
 
 budge (buj), n. lambskin dressed 
 with the wool outwards. 
 
 budget (buj'et), n. a bag with its 
 contents : hence a stock or store ; 
 the annual financial statement of the 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer. 
 
 budlet (bud'let), n. a small bud. 
 
 buff (buf), n. a thick leather pre- 
 pared from the skin of the buffalo, 
 ox, &c, dressed with oil ; a light 
 yellow ; the bare skin : adj. made of 
 buff-leather ; buff-colored. 
 
 buffalo (buf'a-16), n. [pi. buffaloes 
 (-loz)], a ruminant mammal of the 
 ox family ; a name given to various 
 wild oxen, especially to the North 
 American bison. 
 
 buffalo-bird (-berd), n. bird which 
 perches on the buffalo to catch 
 parasites. 
 
 buffer (buf'er), n. any contrivance 
 which serves to deaden the concus- 
 sion caused by the impact of two 
 bodies ; a good-tempered, somewhat 
 foolish person. 
 
 buffet (buf'et), n. a blow with the 
 hand : v.t. to strike with the hand ; 
 box; beat; contend against: v.i. to 
 exercise or contend with blows; 
 struggle. 
 
 buffet (buf'et & boo-fa'), n. a cup- 
 board or sideboard; a counter for 
 refreshments. 
 
 buffo (boof'o), n, the comic actor in 
 an opera : adj. comic ; burlesque. 
 
 buffoon (buf-oon'), n. one who 
 amuses others by low jests, antics, 
 odd gestures, &c. 
 
 buffoonery (buf-o5n'er-i), n. [pi. 
 buffooneries (-iz)], the arts and 
 practices of a buffoon ; vulgar tricks 
 and postures. 
 
 buffy (buf'i), adj. buff-colored. 
 
 bug (bug), n. name in England for 
 the bedbug ; an insect. 
 
 bugaboo (bug'a-boo), n. a bugbear. 
 
 bugbear (bug'bar), n. a frightful ob- 
 ject; a vain terror. 
 
 buggy (bug'i), n. a light four-wheeled 
 car riage_ drawn by one horse. 
 
 bugle (bu'gl), n. a hunting horn; a 
 military wind-instrument. 
 
 bugle (bu'gl), n. an elongated glass 
 bead. 
 
 buhl (bul), n. decorative inlaying for 
 cabinet-work, consisting of brass or 
 other metal, tortoise-shell, &c, 
 worked into scrolls or other pat- 
 terns ; the articles so ornamented. 
 
 build (bild), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. built, 
 builded, p.pr. building], to con- 
 struct ; erect, as a house ; form by 
 art; raise anything on a support or 
 foundation ; establish : v.i. to con- 
 struct an edifice ; depend, base, or 
 reckon [with on or upon] : n. mode 
 or style of construction. 
 
 building (bild'ing), n. the act of con- 
 structing, raising, or establishing; 
 an edifice. 
 
 bulb (bulb), n. an onion-shaped root; 
 a kind of leaf bud ; any protuberance 
 or expansion on a stem or tube: v.i. 
 to project as a bulb [with out]. 
 
 bulbiferous ( bul-bif 'er-us ) , adj. pro- 
 ducing bulbs. 
 
 bulbous (bul'bus), adj. pertaining to 
 or resembling a bulb. 
 
 bulbul (bool'bool), n. the Persian 
 nightingale. 
 
 bulbule (bulb'ul), n. a little bulb; 
 a bulblet. 
 
 bulge (bulj), n. the bilge or widest 
 part of a cask ; a bending outwards ; 
 the bilge of a ship : v.i. to jut out ; 
 be protuberant. 
 
 bulk (bulk), n. magnitude or size; 
 complete dimensions ; the main mass 
 or body; the cargo of a ship when 
 stowed; volume: v.i. to increase in 
 size ; swell out. 
 
 bulk-head (-hed), n. a partition in 
 a vessel which separates one part of 
 it from another. 
 
 bulky (bul'ki), adj. of great size or 
 bulk. 
 
 bulkiness (-nes), n. greatness in 
 bulk. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Jften, 
 
bni 
 
 bun 
 
 bull (bool), n. the male of any bovine 
 mammal ; the male of various large 
 animals, as the whale, elephant, &c. ; 
 one who endeavors to raise the price 
 of stock in order that he may sell 
 dear : the opposite of a bear : adj. 
 male, or of large size [in composi- 
 tion] : v.t. to endeavor to raise the 
 market value of. 
 
 bull (bool), n. a papal letter, edict, 
 or rescript, having a leaden seal 
 (bulla) affixed to it. 
 
 bull (bool), n. a ludicrous inconsis- 
 tency in language. 
 
 bull-baiting; (bool'bat-ing), n. the 
 sport of baiting or attacking bulls 
 with dogs. 
 
 bull-calf (bool'kaf), n. sl male calf. 
 
 bulldog (bool'dog), n. a variety of 
 dog of strong muscular build, and 
 remarkable for its courage and feroc- 
 ity, formerly used for baiting bulls : 
 pi. a pair of pistols ; a proctor's at- 
 tendant: adj. characterized by the 
 courage of a bulldog, as bulldog 
 tenacity. 
 
 bullet (bool'et), n. a small ball or 
 projectile. 
 
 bulletin (bool'e-tin), n. an official 
 report regarding some matter or 
 event of public interest; a periodic- 
 al publication : v.t. to publish or an- 
 nounce by bulletin. 
 
 bull-fight (bool'flt), n. a combat be- 
 tween armed men and a bull. 
 
 bull-finch (bool'finch), n. sl common 
 British song bird. 
 
 bull-frog (bool'frog), n. a large 
 North American species of frog 
 abounding in marshy places, re- 
 markable for its loud, bellowing 
 croak. 
 
 bullhead (bool'hed), n. a broad- 
 headed scaleless fish of North Amer- 
 ica ; catfish. 
 
 bullion (bool'yun), n. uncoined gold 
 or silver ; foreign coin ; a heavy 
 twisted fringe covered with fine 
 gold- or silver-wire. 
 
 bullionist (bool'yun-ist), n. an ad- 
 vocate for an exclusive metallic cur- 
 rency, or a metallic currency com- 
 bined with convertible paper. 
 
 bullock (bool'ok), n. an ox or cas- 
 trated bull ; a full-grown steer. 
 
 bull's-eye (boolz'i), n. sl boss of 
 
 glass ; a sweet-meat ; any circular 
 opening for light or air ; a small ob- 
 scure cloud, with a ruddy center ; a 
 lantern with a convex lens ; a plano- 
 convex lens for concentrating the 
 light, attached to a microscope ; the 
 center of a target ; a shot that hits 
 the bull's-eye. 
 
 bull-terrier (bool'ter'i-er), n. a 
 cross-breed between the bulldog and 
 the terrier. 
 
 bully (bool'i), n. [pi. bullies ('iz)], 
 one who domineers by insolence or 
 threats : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bullied, p % 
 pr. bullying], to overbear with 
 bluster and menaces : v.i. to be in- 
 solently noisy and quarrelsome. 
 
 bulrush (bool'rush), n. a rush-like 
 aquatic plant. 
 
 bulse (buls), n. a bag or purse used 
 in the East Indies to carry or meas- 
 ure valuables ; a packet of diamonds 
 or gold dust. 
 
 bulwark (bool'werk), n. a rampart; 
 a fortification; the boarding round 
 the sides of a ship, above the level 
 of the deck ; any means of protec- 
 tion or defense. 
 
 bumble-bee (bum'bl-be), n. a large 
 bee. 
 
 bumboat (bum'bot), n. a boat used 
 for the conveyance of provisions, 
 fruit, &c, for sale to vessels lying 
 off the shore. 
 
 bummer (bum'er), n. a loafing fel- 
 low who sponges on others ; a low 
 politician. 
 
 bump (bump), n. a shock from a 
 blow; a swelling protuberance; the 
 striking of a boat by the prow of 
 another following it in college boat- 
 races : v.t. to bring in violent con- 
 tact; thump: v.i. to come in colli- 
 sion; strike heavily. 
 
 bumper (bump'er), n. an overflowing 
 cup. 
 
 bumpkin (bump'kin), n. an awk- 
 ward, clumsy, rustic ; a country lout. 
 
 bumptious (bump'shus), adj. self- 
 assertive. 
 
 bun (bun), n. a small light cake. 
 
 bunch (bunch), n. a cluster; a col- 
 lection of things of the same kind 
 growing or fastened together ; a 
 tuft ; a small mass of ore : v.i. to 
 swell out ; cluster : v.t. to form into 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
bun 
 
 bur 
 
 a bunch; to present (a lady) with a 
 bouquet. 
 
 bunckiness (-nes), the state of being 
 bunchy. 
 
 bunchy (bunch'i), adj. gathered into 
 a bunch. 
 
 bunco (bung'ko), n. sl confidence 
 game. 
 
 buncombe or bunkum (bung'kum), 
 n. idle or showy speech, especially 
 if intended to secure votes or satisfy 
 one's constituents. 
 
 bund (bund), n. an embankment to 
 protect the land against inundation. 
 
 bundesrath (boon'des-rat), n. the 
 federal council of the German Em- 
 pire; bund. 
 
 bundle (bun'dl), n. a number of 
 things bound together ; a roll or 
 package; two reams of printing or 
 brown paper : v.t. to tie or bind in a 
 bundle or roll ; to dismiss uncere- 
 moniously [with off or out] : v.i. to 
 depart without ceremony [with off]. 
 
 bung (bung), n. a large cork for stop- 
 ping the hole in a cask ; a publican : 
 v.t. to stop with a bung; close or 
 shut up. 
 
 bungalow (bung'ga-lo), n. a single- 
 storied house, lightly built, and gen- 
 erally surrounded by a veranda. 
 
 bungle ( bung'gl ) , v.i. to botch ; man- 
 age awkwardly : v.t. to perform 
 clumsily : n. a clumsy performance ; 
 a botch. 
 
 bunion (bun'yun), n. a swelling on 
 the foot, usually over the joint of 
 the great toe. 
 
 bunk (bungk), n. a box or recess 
 serving for a sleeping-berth in a ves- 
 sel, sleeping-car, &c. : v.i. to sleep in 
 a bunk. 
 
 bunker (bung'ker), n. a large bin or 
 receptacle ; a sandhole on golf links. 
 
 bunt (bunt), n. the middle part or 
 belly of a square sail : v.i. to swell 
 out : v.t. to haul up, as the middle 
 part of a sail in furling. 
 
 bunt (bunt), n. a species of fungus 
 which produces the smut disease in 
 wheat, 
 
 bunting (bunt'ing), n. a bird allied 
 to the finches and the sparrows; a 
 thin woolen stuff used for making 
 flags ; flags collectively. 
 
 buntline (bunt'lln), n, one of the 
 
 ropes attached to the foot-rope of a 
 square sail to draw the sail up to 
 the yard. 
 
 buoy (boi), n. a floating body moored 
 at a certain place to indicate the 
 position of something beneath the 
 water; a life-buoy: v.t. to keep 
 afloat in a fluid [with up] ; to mark 
 with a buoy ; support. 
 
 buoyage (boi'aj), n. buoys collec- 
 tively. 
 
 buoyancy (boi'an-si), n. relative 
 lightness ; elasticity of spirits. 
 
 buoyant (boi 'ant), adj. having the 
 quality of floating in a fluid; not 
 easily depressed. 
 
 bur (ber), n. the rough prickly seed- 
 case of certain plants; a partially 
 burnt brick ; the guttural pronuncia- 
 tion of the rough r; the rough 
 ridges of metal left by the graver 
 in cutting metal. 
 
 burbot (ber'bot), n. the eel-pout. 
 
 burden (ber'dn), n. that which is 
 borne or carried; a load; something 
 grievous, wearisome or oppressive; 
 a ship's capacity for carrying a 
 cargo; a chorus or refrain; a topic 
 on which one dwells: v.t. to load; 
 lay a weight upon. 
 
 burdock (ber'dok), n. a large way- 
 side weed with rough broad leaves. 
 
 bureau (bu-ro), n. [pi. bureaus 
 or bureaux ('roz)J, a desk or writ- 
 ing-table furnished with drawers; 
 an office; a governmental depart- 
 ment for the transaction of public 
 business. 
 
 bureaucracy (bu-ro'kra-si), n. the 
 system of centralized government by 
 means of bureaus or departments; 
 the officials administering such bu- 
 reaus, as a body. 
 
 bureaucrat (bu'ro-krat), n. an ad- 
 vocate or supporter of bureaucracy. 
 
 burg (berg), n. a borough. 
 
 burgess (ber'jes), n. a citizen or free- 
 man of a borough. 
 
 burgker (ber'ger), n. a citizen or 
 freeman of a burg or borough. 
 
 burglar (berg'lar), n. one who 
 breaks into a house at night with 
 intent to commit a felony. 
 
 burglarious (berg-la'ri-us), adj. per- 
 taining to, or constituting, burglary. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bur 
 
 bus 
 
 burglary (berg'la-ri), n. the act or 
 crime of breaking into a house at 
 night with intent to commit a fel- 
 ony. 
 burgomaster (ber'go-mas-ter), n. 
 the chief magistrate of a municipal 
 town in Holland, Flanders, and Ger- 
 many. 
 burgundy (ber'gun-di), n. a wine, 
 red and white, made in Burgundy in 
 France. 
 burgundy-pi tcli (-'pitch), n. spruce- 
 fir resin. 
 burial (ber'i-al), n. the act of bury- 
 ing. 
 burin (bu'rin), n. a cutting tool. 
 burl (berl), n. a small knot or lump 
 in thread or cloth ; a knot in wood : 
 v.t. to pick knots, &c, from, as in 
 finishing cloth. 
 burlap (ber'lap), n. a coarse fabric 
 made of jute, hemp, &c, used for 
 bagging or in upholstery [commonly 
 in the pi.]. 
 burlesque (ber-lesk'), adj. tending to 
 excite laughter by extravagant con- 
 trast or caricature : n. a ludicrous, 
 grotesque representation; a literary 
 composition or dramatic piece com- 
 posed in burlesque style : v.t. to ridi- 
 cule or make ridiculous by carica- 
 tured representation ; travesty ; par- 
 ody. 
 burletta (ber-let'a), n. a comic 
 
 opera; a musical farce. 
 burliness (-nes), n. the quality of 
 
 being burly. 
 burly (ber'li), adj. bulky; large; cor- 
 pulent. 
 Burmese (ber'mez), adj. pertaining 
 
 to Burma. 
 burn(bern), v.t. [p.t. burnt & burned, 
 p.pr. burning], to consume or in- 
 jure with fire ; reduce to ashes ; 
 scorch ; expose to the action of fire ; 
 produce by means of fire ; affect with 
 a burning sensation ; cauterize : v.i. 
 to be on fire ; suffer from or be in- 
 jured by excess of heat ; glow ; 
 shine ; be inflamed with passion or 
 desire : n. an injury to the flesh 
 caused by fire. 
 burn (bern), n. a rivulet; a brook. 
 burner (ber'ner), n. one who burns 
 or sets fire to anything ; the part of 
 
 a lamp or gas fixture from which 
 the flame issues. 
 
 burning-glass (-glas), n. a double- 
 convex lens used to focus the rays 
 of the sun upon combustible sub- 
 stances to ignite them. 
 
 burnish (ber'nish), v.t. polish by 
 friction ; make smooth and lustrous : 
 n. polish ; gloss ; brightness. 
 
 burnt offering (of'er-ing), n. some- 
 thing offered and burnt upon an 
 altar as a sacrifice or an atonement 
 for sin. 
 
 burrow (bur '6), n. a hole in the 
 ground excavated by a rabbit or 
 other animal, as a refuge and habita- 
 tion : v.i. to excavate ; work a way 
 into or under something; lodge in 
 a deep or concealed place ; hide. 
 
 burry (bur'i), adj. full of burs; 
 rough. 
 
 bursa (ber'sa), n. a sac or sac-like 
 cavity. 
 
 bursar (ber'ser), n. the treasurer of 
 a college; a university student who 
 receives an allowance for his sup- 
 port. 
 
 bursary (ber'ser-i), n. the treasury 
 of a college or monastery; the al- 
 lowance paid to a student in a Scot- 
 tish university. 
 
 burst (berst), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. burst, 
 p.pr. bursting], to rend or break 
 open with violence ; yield to internal 
 force or pressure ; explode ; give way 
 under excess of grief or pain; ap- 
 pear or disappear suddenly: v.t. to 
 rend or break by violence ; open sud- 
 denly : n. a violent or sudden break- 
 ing forth; a sudden explosion; a 
 rush ; a strenuous effort ; a spurt. 
 
 bury (ber'i), n. a manor-house; a 
 borough. 
 
 bury (ber'i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. buried, 
 p.pr. burying], to deposit and cover 
 in a grave or tomb, or in any final 
 resting-place ; entomb ; keep secret ; 
 hide. 
 
 burying (ber'i-ing), n. burial (John 
 xii. 7). 
 
 bus (bus), n. a shortened form of 
 omnibus. 
 
 bush (boosh), n. a thick shrub; a 
 forest region ; wild, uncleared coun- 
 try ; the tail or brush of a fox ; a 
 branch of a tree formerly hung out 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
bus 
 
 "but 
 
 as a tavern sign : v.i. to grow thick 
 or bushy: v.t. to set bushes about; 
 use a bush-harrow on. 
 
 bush (boosh), n. a lining or tube of 
 hard metal inserted in an orifice, to 
 reduce wear by friction : v.t. to fur- 
 nish with a bush. 
 
 Bushman (boosh'man), n. [pi. bush- 
 men ('men)], one of a tribe of ab- 
 originals near the Cape of Good 
 Hope ; a Bosjesman. 
 
 bushranger (boosh'ranj-er), n. one 
 who leads a predatory life in the 
 bush country ; originally a criminal 
 •who escaped and lived a lawless 
 life in the bush. 
 
 bush-whacker (boosh'hwak-er), n. 
 a back-woodsman; an implement 
 for cutting brushwood. 
 
 bushel (boosh'el), n. a dry measure 
 containing eight gallons or four 
 pecks ; a vessel of such a capacity ; a 
 large quantity. 
 
 bushiness (-nes), n. the quality of 
 being bushy. 
 
 bushy (boosh'i), adj. thick and 
 spreading like a bush ; overgrown 
 with shrubs. 
 
 busily- (biz'i-li), adv. in a busy man- 
 ner. 
 
 business (biz'nes), n. employment; 
 trade; profession; something to be 
 transacted or required to be done; 
 right of action ; affair ; matter : adj. 
 pertaining to business ; practical. 
 
 busk (busk), n. a strip of flexible ma- 
 terial worn in the front of corsets. 
 
 buskin (bus'kin), n. kind of half-boot 
 or high shoe reaching to the middle 
 of the calf; a high shoe (cothurnus) 
 worn by ancient actors in tragedy to 
 increase their height. 
 
 buss (bus), n. a small two-masted 
 vessel used in herring fishing. 
 
 bust (bust), n. the chest or thorax; 
 the head, shoulders, and breast of a 
 person represented in sculpture. 
 
 bustard (bus'terd), n. a bird of the 
 genus Otis, of which there are many 
 species, as the great bustard of 
 Europe and Africa. 
 
 bustle (bus'l), v.i. to be busy, with a 
 certain amount of noise; move 
 quickly: n. tumult; noisy activity; 
 a pad or cushion worn by women 
 beneath the skirt. 
 
 busy (biz'i), adj. earnestly or closely 
 employed; bustling; diligent; of- 
 ficious ; meddlesome : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. busied, p.pr. busying], to keep 
 constantly engaged; occupy one's 
 self actively. 
 
 busybody (biz'i-bod-i), n. [pi. busy- 
 bodies (-iz)], a meddling, officious 
 person. 
 
 butcher (booch'er), n. one who 
 slaughters animals for food; one 
 who delights in slaughter : v.t. to 
 slaughter for food; to murder in a 
 barbarous manner. 
 
 butcher-bird (berd), n. a name 
 given to various shrikes, from their 
 habit of suspending their slaughtered 
 prey upon thorns. 
 
 butchery (booch'er-i), n. the busi- 
 ness of slaughtering cattle; bar- 
 barous murder. 
 
 butler (but'ler), n. a manservant in 
 a household who has the care of the 
 plate, wines, &c. ; the chief servant 
 in a large household. 
 
 butt (but), n. a push or thrust de- 
 livered by the head of an animal ; a 
 thrust in fencing : v.t. to strike by 
 thrusting the head against. 
 
 butt (but), n. the extremity of a 
 thing; the thicker end of anything; 
 a target ; a rifle or gunnery range ; 
 a goal ; a limit ; the thickest part of 
 tanned ox-hides; an object of ridi- 
 cule. 
 
 butt (but), n. a large cask of 117 
 gals, of Lisbon wine, or 108 gals, 
 of beer. 
 
 butte (but), n. an abrupt isolated hill 
 or ridge. 
 
 butter (but'er), n. an oily, unctuous 
 substance obtained from cream or 
 milk by churning; any substance of 
 butter-like consistence ; gross flat- 
 tery : v.t. to spread or smear with 
 butter; to flatter grossly. 
 
 butter-bird (-berd) , n. the rice-bunt- 
 ing. 
 
 buttercup (-kup), n. a plant bearing 
 yellow cup-shaped flowers. 
 
 butter-fingers ( -fing'gerz ) , n.pl. 
 one who lets a ball slip through his 
 fingers. 
 
 butterfly (but'er-fll), n. [pi. butter- 
 flies (-fliz) ], a general name for any 
 species of diurnal lepidopterous in- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at;, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
but 
 
 sects; a gay, showily-dressed, tri- 
 fling person. 
 
 butterine (-in), n. an imitation but- 
 ter. 
 
 buttermilk (but'er-milk), n. whey 
 separated from the cream in butter- 
 making. 
 
 butternut (but'er-nut), n. the fruit 
 of a North American tree allied to 
 the walnut. 
 
 buttery (but'er-i), n. [pi. butteries 
 (-iz)j, an apartment in which pro- 
 visions, wines, &c, are kept ; a room 
 in some colleges where liquors and 
 provisions are kept for sale. 
 
 butting (but'ing), n. an abuttal; a 
 boundary. 
 
 buttock (but'ok), n. the rump or pro- 
 tuberant hinder part of a man or 
 animal [used usually in the pi.] ; 
 the convex part of a ship under the 
 stern. 
 
 button (but'n), n. any small rounded 
 object used to secure different parts 
 of a garment, or attached for orna- 
 ment ; something resembling a but- 
 ton ; the knob at the end of a foil ; 
 a ball of gold, &c, worn on the hats 
 of Chinese officials to indicate their 
 rank : pi. young mushrooms ; a page 
 boy : v.t. to fasten or furnish with 
 buttons. 
 
 buttonhole (but'n-h5l), n. a small 
 bouquet worn in the coat : v.t. to de- 
 tain in conversation against the 
 will ; bore. 
 
 buttonwood (-wood), n. the plane- 
 tree. 
 
 buttress (but'res), n. masonry or 
 brickwork built on to an outside 
 wall to afford support ; a support : 
 v.t. to support by a buttress ; prop. 
 
 _____ _ 
 
 butyrate (bu'ti-rat), n. a salt of 
 butyric acid. 
 
 butyric (bu-tir'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to or derived from butter. 
 
 butyric acid (as'id), n. a colorless 
 liquid obtained from butter : it is 
 present also in cod-liver oil and in 
 sweat glands. 
 
 buxom (buk'sum), adj. cheerful; jol- 
 ly ; robust ; plump and comely. 
 
 buy (bi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bought, 
 p.pr. buying], to acquire by paying 
 an agreed price ; purchase ; bribe. 
 
 buyer's option (bi'erz op'shun), n. a 
 purchaser's privilege of taking an 
 agreed amount of stock within a cer- 
 tain period. 
 
 buzz (buz), n. a continuous humming 
 noise, as of bees ; a confused or 
 blended murmur, as of many voices ; 
 a whispered report or rumor : v.i. to 
 make a low humming sound ; speak 
 with a low humming voice : v.t. 
 spread secretly. 
 
 buzz-saw- (-saw), n. a circular saw. 
 
 buzzard (buz'erd), n. the name of 
 several species of hawks ; a stupid, 
 dull fellow. 
 
 buzzingly (-li), adv. with a hum- 
 ming sound. 
 
 bye (bi), n. a run scored at cricket 
 when the ball passes the wicket- 
 keeper and long-stop, and has not 
 been struck by the batsman ; a goal 
 at football. 
 
 by-law (-law), n. a private law or 
 statute framed by a corporate body. 
 
 by- word (bi'werd), n. a proverb; 
 nickname ; an object of derision. 
 
 Byzantine (biz-an'tin), adj. of, or 
 pertaining to, Byzantium (Constan- 
 tinople), the ancient capital of the 
 Eastern Roman Empire. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 D. 11. book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
cab (kab), n. a public carriage with 
 four or two wheels, drawn by one 
 horse; the shelter for the driver of 
 a locomotive : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cabbed, 
 p.pr. cabbing], to pass over in a 
 cab : as, to cab the distance. 
 
 cabal (ka-bal'), n. a secret combina- 
 tion of a few persons for carrying 
 out some specific design ; an in- 
 trigue : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. caballed, 
 p.pr. caballing], to unite in secret 
 with others to effect some design. 
 
 cabala (kab'a-la), n. a secret science 
 of the Jewish rabbins to interpret 
 the hidden meaning of the Penta- 
 teuch ; esoteric doctrine. 
 
 cabalism (kab-al'izm), n. occult doc- 
 trine. 
 
 cabalist (kab'al-ist), n. one versed 
 in the Jewish cabala ; an occultist. 
 
 caballero (ka-ba-la'ro), n. a Spanish 
 knight or gentleman; a stately 
 Spanish dance. 
 
 cabbage (kab'aj), n. the well-known 
 vegetable; the terminal head of 
 palm-trees; tailors' clippings, taken 
 as perquisites : v.i. to form a head 
 like that of the cabbage : v.t. to ap- 
 propriate to one's own use, as rem- 
 nants. 
 
 cabeca (ka-ba'sa), n. the finest qual- 
 ity of Indian silk. 
 
 cabin (kab'in), n. a small hut, cot- 
 tage, or room ; a room in a ship for 
 officers or passengers : v.t. to confine 
 in a cabin : v.i. to live in a cabin. 
 
 cabinet (kab'in-et), n. a small apart- 
 ment ; a private room ; a piece of 
 furniture to hold objects of vertu, 
 &c. ; a cabinet photograph ; a delib- 
 erative committee of the principal 
 members of the Ministry. 
 
 cabinet pictnre (pik'tur), n. a val- 
 uable picture of small dimensions. 
 
 cable (ka'bl), n. a large strong rope 
 or chain ; a submarine telegraph 
 line ; a molding resembling a cable ; 
 a measure of distance = 100 to 140 
 fathoms : v.t . to fasten with a cable ; 
 transmit by telegraph cable. 
 
 cablegram (ka'bl-gram), n. a mes- 
 sage sent by a submarine cable. 
 
 cabocbon (kab'oo-shon), n. a pre- 
 cious stone polished but not faceted. 
 
 caboose (ka-boos'), n. a ship's galley 
 or kitchen ; the trainmen's car at- 
 tached to a freight-train. 
 
 cabriolet ( kab-ri-o-la' ) , n. a covered 
 carriage with two or four wheels 
 drawn by one horse. 
 
 cacaine (ka-ka'in), n. the essential 
 principle of cacao. 
 
 cacao (ka-kfi'6), n. a small evergreen 
 tree of tropical America and West 
 Indies, from the seeds of which 
 cocoa and chocolate are prepared. 
 
 cache (kash), n. a place of conceal- 
 ment for food for future use : v.t. to 
 hide (provisions) in the ground. 
 
 cachelot (kash'a-lot & -16'), n. the 
 sperm whale, which yields sperma- 
 ceti. 
 
 cachet (ka-sha/), n. a seal. 
 
 cachinnation (kak-i-na'shun), n. 
 loud or unrestrained laughter. 
 
 cacholong (kash'o-long), n. a milk 
 or greyish-white variety of opal; 
 pearl opal. 
 
 cachou (ka-shoo'), n. a pill for sweet- 
 ening the breath. 
 
 caciqne (ka-sek'), n. the name or 
 title of the aboriginal chiefs of the 
 West Indies and some parts of 
 South America. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; b50n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cac 
 
 eal 
 
 cackle (kak'l), v.i. to cry like a hen 
 or goose : specifically used of the cry 
 made by a hen which has laid an 
 egg ; giggle ; prattle : n. the cry of 
 a hen or goose ; silly talk. 
 
 cacophonous (ka-kof'o-nus), adj. 
 discordant. 
 
 cactus (kak'tus), n. [pi. cacti ('ti) & 
 cactuses (-ez)], a spiny fleshy plant 
 with showy flowers. 
 
 cad (kad), n. a vulgar, ill-bred fel- 
 low ; an omnibus conductor. 
 
 cadaver (ka-da/ver), w. a dead body; 
 a corpse. 
 
 cadaverous (ka-dav'er-us), adj. re- 
 sembling a corpse ; pale ; ghastly. 
 
 caddie (kad'i), n. & lad who carries 
 golf clubs. 
 
 caddis (kad'is), n. the larva of the 
 caddis-fly. 
 
 caddy (kad'i), n. [pi. caddies ('iz)]» 
 a small box for keeping tea. 
 
 cade (kad), n. a barrel or cask of 500 
 herrings, or 1,000 sprats. 
 
 cadence (ka'dens), n. the full modu- 
 lation of the voice in reading or 
 speaking ; rhythm ; a musical run 
 or trill. 
 
 cadenza (ka-den'za), n. a vocal or 
 instrumental flourish. 
 
 cadet (ka-def), n. a younger son; 
 student in a naval or military acad- 
 emy. 
 
 cadi (ka'dl),n. a Mahommedan judge. 
 
 Cadmean (kad-me'an), adj. of or be- 
 longing to Cadmus ; Theban. 
 
 cadmium (kad'mi-um), n. a bluish- 
 white ductile metal, resembling tin. 
 
 caducean (ka-du's§-an), appertain- 
 ing to the caduceus, the winged staff 
 of Mercury, entwined with serpents. 
 
 caecum (sg'kum), n. [pi. caeca ('ka)], 
 the blind gut ; a pouch-like appen- 
 dage of the large intestine, having 
 one end closed. 
 
 Caesarian (se-za're-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Caesar. 
 
 Caesarian operation (op-er-a'shun), 
 n. a delivery of a foetus by cutting 
 through the walls of the abdomen. 
 
 Caesarism (se'zar-izm), n. imperial- 
 ism ; absolute rule or government. 
 
 caesium (ses'i-um), n. a rare metal 
 associated with rubidium. 
 
 cafe (kaf-a'), n. a restaurant. 
 
 caffeine (kaf'e-in), n. a bitter alka- 
 
 loid extracted from coffee ; theine. 
 
 cage (kaj), n. a box or inclosure fur- 
 nished with metal bars for confining 
 birds, or other animals ; a contriv- 
 ance for raising and lowering men 
 in a mine shaft : v.t. to confine in a 
 cage ; shut up. 
 
 caique (ka-ek'), n. a skiff or light 
 rowing boat used on the Bosphorus. 
 
 cairn (karn), n. a conical heap of 
 stones erected as a monument. 
 
 cairngorm (karn'gorm), n. a yellow 
 or brown variety of quartz or rock- 
 crystal. 
 
 caisson (ka'sun), n. an ammunition- 
 wagon or chest; a box filled with 
 explosives for firing a mine ; a 
 water-tight box or casing used for 
 building structures in water; a 
 sunken panel in a ceiling; a struc- 
 ture for raising and floating sunken 
 vessels. 
 
 caitiff (ka'tif), n. a despicable or 
 cowardly wretch : adj. despicable ; 
 vile ; cowardly. 
 
 cajole (ka-jol'), v.t. to coax or de- 
 ceive by flattery ; wheedle ; cheat. 
 
 cake (kak), n. a small mass of 
 dough, sweetened and baked ; a com- 
 pressed or solidified mass of any 
 substance, especially if thin or flat; 
 a simpleton : v.t. to form into a 
 cake : v.i. to consolidate into a hard 
 mass. 
 
 calabash (kal'a-bash), n. the fruit 
 of the calabash tree of tropical 
 America, used when dried as a ves- 
 sel for liquids, &c. 
 
 calaboose (kal-a-bo5s'), n. a jail; a 
 lockup. 
 
 calamitous (ka-lam'i-tus), adj. pro- 
 ducing, or resulting from, calamity. 
 
 calamity (ka-lam'i-ti), n. [pi. ca- 
 lamities (-tiz)], any cause that pro- 
 duces evil, disaster, or extreme mis- 
 fortune ; distress ; affliction. 
 
 calamus (kal'a-mus), n. [pi. calami 
 (-ml)], a genus of palms producing 
 the rattan canes ; the sweet flag. 
 
 calash (ka-lash'), n. a light carriage 
 with low wheels and a folding re- 
 movable top ; a hood formerly worn 
 by women. 
 
 calcareous (kal-kar'e-us), adj. of the 
 nature of, or containing, lime. 
 
 calcify (kal'si-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, than. 
 
cai 
 
 oal 
 
 calcified, p.pr. calcifying], to con- 
 vert into lime : v.i. to become strong 
 by conversion into lime. 
 
 calcimine (kal'si-min), n. white or 
 tinted wash for walls_ or ceilings. 
 
 calcination ( kal-si-na'shun ) , n. the 
 act or process of reducing to powder 
 by heat. 
 
 calcine (kal-sin'), v.t. to reduce a 
 substance to powder by heat ; oxi- 
 dize : v.i. to undergo calcination. 
 
 calcite (kal'sit), n. crystallized car- 
 bonate of lime. 
 
 calcium (kal'si-um), n. the metallic 
 base of lime. 
 
 calcium carbide (kar'bid), n. a 
 compound of quicklime and carbon, 
 from which acetylene is generated 
 by subjecting it to the action of 
 water. 
 
 calcography (kal-kog'ra-fi), n. the 
 art of drawing with colored chalks 
 or pastels. 
 
 calc-spar (kalk-spar), n. a crystal- 
 line carbonate of lime or calcite. 
 
 calculary ( kal'ku-ler-i ) , adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or of the nature of, calculi. 
 
 calculate (kal'ku-lat), v.t. to com- 
 pute ; ascertain or determine by any 
 process of reasoning ; estimate : v.i. 
 to make a computation ; suppose or 
 think. 
 
 calculation (kal-ku-la'shun), n. the 
 art of reckoning by numbers ; com- 
 putation ; something deduced by rea- 
 soning or inference ; estimate ; opin- 
 ion. 
 
 calculative (kal'ku-la-tiv) , adj. tend- 
 ing to calculate. 
 
 calculator (kal'ku-la-ter), n. one 
 who, or a machine that, computes or 
 reckons. 
 
 calculous (kal'ku-lus), adj. stony; 
 gritty. 
 
 calculus (kal'ku-lus), n. [pi. calculi 
 (-11)], a stony concretion in the 
 body ; one of the higher branches of 
 mathematics; the differential calcu- 
 lus. 
 
 caldera (kal-da'ra*), n. a deep cal- 
 dron-like cavity on the summits of 
 extinct volcanoes. 
 
 caldron. See cauldron. 
 
 calendar (kal'en-der), n. a register 
 of the days, weeks, and months of 
 the year, &c. ; a register or list ; a 
 
 list of criminal causes arranged for 
 trial : v.t. to register or place on a 
 list. 
 
 calendar month (munth), n. a solar 
 month reckoned according to the 
 calendar, as distinguished from the 
 lunar month. 
 
 calender (kal'en-der), n. a machine 
 consisting of heated rollers, used for 
 smoothing and glazing paper or 
 cloth : v.t. to press in a calender. 
 
 calends (kal'endz), n.pl. in the Ro- 
 man calendar, the first day of each 
 month. Also kalends. 
 
 calenture (kal'en-tur), a violent 
 fever affecting sailors in hot lati- 
 tudes. 
 
 calf (kaf), n. [pi. calves (kavz)], a 
 young bovine quadruped, especially 
 of the cow ; the young of certain 
 marine mammalia, as the whale; 
 leather made from the skin of a 
 calf ; a small island, or iceberg near 
 a larger one ; a stupid or silly per- 
 son ; the thick fleshy part of the leg 
 behind. 
 
 caliber (kal'i-ber), n. the diameter 
 of a cylindrical body ; mental ca- 
 pacity. 
 
 calibrate (kal'i-brat), v.t. to deter- 
 mine the caliber of ; graduate. 
 
 calibration (kal-i-bra'shun), n. the 
 act of calibrating. 
 
 calicle (kal'i-kl), n. a small cup- 
 shaped cell. 
 
 calico (kal'i-ko), n. [pi. calicoes & 
 os (-koz)], white or unprinted cot- 
 ton cloth. 
 
 caligraph (kal'i-graf), n. a form of 
 typewriter. 
 
 caligraphy (ka-lig'ra-fi), n. callig- 
 raphy. 
 
 calipash (kal'i-pash), n. the pait of 
 a turtle belonging to the upper shell, 
 inclosing a dull greenish gelatinous 
 substance. 
 
 calipee (kal'i-pe), n. the part of a 
 turtle belonging to the lower shell, 
 inclosing a light yellow gelatinous 
 substance. 
 
 calipers (kal'i-perz), n.pl. compasses 
 for measuring the diameters of cylin- 
 drical bodies. 
 
 caliph (kal' or ka'lif), n. a title of 
 the successors of Mohammed. Also 
 calif. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, ^ 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cal 
 
 eal 
 
 caliphate (kal'i-fat), n. the office, 
 dignity or government of a caliph. 
 
 calisthenic (kal-is-then'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to calisthenics. 
 
 calisthenics (kal-is-then'iks), n.pl. 
 the art of promoting health by phys- 
 ical exercise ; simple gymnastics. 
 
 calk or caulk ( kawk ) , v.t. to drive 
 oakum into the seams of (a ship). 
 
 calk (kawk), v.t. to copy (a draw- 
 ing) by covering the back with 
 chalk or iead, and trace over the 
 lines with a style for transfer. 
 
 calk (kawk), n. that part of a horse- 
 shoe which projects downward to 
 prevent slipping; a semi-circular 
 piece of iron nailed to the heel of a 
 boot : v.t . to furnish with a calk. 
 
 call (kawl), v.t. to summon from, or 
 invite to, any place ; convoke judi- 
 cially or officially ; designate for an 
 office ; name ; characterize as ; ex- 
 hort ; utter in a loud voice ; rouse 
 from sleep : n. a summons or invi- 
 tation ; a request or command ; a 
 short visit; the cry or note uttered 
 by certain animals ; a demand for 
 payment due on shares ; the option 
 of claiming stock at a certain time 
 at a stipulated price. 
 
 calligraph (kal'i-graf), n. a speci- 
 men of elegant penmanship. 
 
 calligrapher (kal-lig'ra-fer), or 
 calligraphist (-fist), n. one skilled 
 in hand-writing. 
 
 calligraphy (kal-lig'ra-fi), n. ele- 
 gant or beautiful writing. 
 
 calling (ka wl'ing), n. the act of 
 summoning; a summons or invita- 
 tion ; a vocation, trade or profes- 
 sion; the state of being divinely 
 called (II Pet. i. 10). 
 
 cal li typing (kal'i-ti-ping), n. the 
 process of producing plates for 
 printing purposes by means of type- 
 writing and photo-engraving. 
 
 callosity (kal-os'i-ti), n. [pi. callosi- 
 ties (-tiz)], the state or quality of 
 being hardened ; a callus. 
 
 callous (kal'us), adj. hardened; in- 
 sensible. 
 
 callow (kal'o), adj. unfledged. 
 
 callus (kal'us), n. [pi. calli (-1)], the 
 hardening of the skin from pres- 
 sure; bony matter which unites the 
 ends of fractured bones. 
 
 calm (kam), adj. tranquil; still; un- 
 disturbed : n. stillness ; serenity : v.t. 
 to quiet ; still ; pacify : v.i. to be- 
 come calm (with down). 
 
 calomel (kal'6-mel), n. mercurous 
 chloride : used as a purgative medi- 
 cine. 
 
 caloric (ka-lor'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to heat. 
 
 caloricity (kal-o-ris'i-ti), n. the pow- 
 er in animals of developing and 
 maintaining heat. 
 
 calorie (kal'o-re), n. the unit of heat 
 (metric system) to express the 
 amount of heat required to raise one 
 kilogramme of water from 0° to 1° 
 centigrade. Also calory. 
 
 calorif acient ( ka-lor-i-f a'shi-ent ) , 
 adj. heat-producing : said of food- 
 stuffs. 
 
 calorific (kal-o-rif'ik), adj. heating. 
 
 calorification (ka-lor-i-fi-ka'shun) , 
 n. the production of heat. 
 
 calorific rays (raz), n.pl. the invisi- 
 ble heating rays emanating from 
 the sun and heated bodies. 
 
 calorimeter (kal-o-rim'i-ter), n. an 
 apparatus for measuring heat pro- 
 duced or given off by a body. 
 
 calorimetry (kal-o-rim'i-tri), n. the 
 art or process of determining the 
 amount of heat contained in, or 
 given off by, bodies. 
 
 calorimotor (kal-o-ri-mo'ter), n. a 
 galvanic apparatus for producing 
 heat in a short external circuit. 
 
 calotte (ka-lof), n. a plain skull-cap 
 of satin, &c. ; a cap or hood on the 
 heads of certain birds. 
 
 calotype (kal'o-tip), n. a photo- 
 graphic process in which the image 
 is received on paper prepared with 
 iodide of silver. Also called talbo- 
 type, from the name of the inventor. 
 
 caltrop (kal'trop), n. an iron in- 
 strument with four spikes, placed in 
 ditches, &c, to hinder the advance 
 of troops ; a name for various plants 
 with prickly fruit. 
 
 calumet (kal'u-met), n. the tobacco- 
 pipe of the North American Indians, 
 smoked as a symbol of peace, or to 
 ratify treaties. 
 
 calumniate (ka-lum'ni-at), v.t. to 
 accuse falsely and maliciously : v.i. 
 to utter calumnies. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then* 
 
cal 
 
 cam 
 
 calumniation (ka-lum-ni-a'shun), n. 
 
 the act of calumniating. 
 calumnious (ka-lum'ni-us), adj. 
 
 slanderous ; defamatory. 
 
 calumny (kal'um-ni), n. [pi. calum- 
 nies (-niz)j, a false accusation; a 
 slander. 
 
 Calvary (kal'va-ri), n. the place 
 where Christ was crucified ; in Ro- 
 man Catholic countries a representa- 
 tion of the crucifixion erected in the 
 open air. 
 
 calve (kav), v.i. to bring forth a 
 calf ; become detached from : said of 
 glaciers when icebergs break off 
 from them. 
 
 Calvinism ( kal'vin-izm ) , n. the doc- 
 trines of John Calvin [1509-64], the 
 French theologian and reformer, es- 
 pecially those relating to predestina- 
 tion and election. 
 
 Calvinist (kal'vin-ist), n. one who 
 holds the doctrines of Calvin. 
 
 Calvinistic (kal-vin-is'tik), adj. per- 
 taining to Calvin or his doctrines. 
 
 calx (kalks), n. [pi. calxes (kalk'- 
 sez), or calces (kal'sez)], lime or 
 chalk ; the residuum of a metal left 
 after calcination. 
 
 calyx (ka'liks), n. [pi. calyxes (ka'- 
 lik-sez), calices (kal'i-sez)], the 
 whorl of a flower. 
 
 cam (kam), n. a projecting part of a 
 wheel or other moving piece of ma- 
 chinery for imparting an eccentric 
 or alternating motion. 
 
 camber (kam'ber), n. a convexity on 
 an upper surface ; a piece of timber 
 thus bent ; a small dock for unload- 
 ing timber: v.t. to curve or bend; 
 arch. 
 
 camber-window (-win'do), n. a 
 window arched at the top. 
 
 cambist (kam'bist), n. one who deals 
 in notes or bills of exchange; a 
 money-changer. 
 
 cambium (kam'bi-um), n. the forma- 
 tive layer of cellular tissue which 
 lies between the young wood and the 
 bark of exogenous trees. 
 
 cambrasine (kam'bra-zen), n. a fine 
 kind of cambric ; batiste. 
 
 cambric (kam'brik), n. a very fine 
 thin linen : adj. pertaining to, or 
 made of, cambric. 
 
 cambric-muslin (-muz'lin), n. a 
 fine cotton imitation of cambric. 
 
 came, p.t. of come. 
 
 camel (kam'el), n. a large ruminant 
 quadruped, of which there are two 
 species, the Arabian camel or drome- 
 dary, with a single hump, and the 
 Bactrian camel, with two humps ; a 
 water-tight structure placed beneath 
 a vessel to raise and float it over a 
 shoal or bar. 
 
 Camellia (ka-mel'i-a), n. a genus of 
 Asiatic evergreen shrubs, cultivated 
 for their beautiful rose-like flowers 
 and shining foliage. 
 
 camelopard (ka-mel'o-pard & kam'- 
 el-o-pard), n. the giraffe. 
 
 camelry (kam'el-ri), n. [pi. camel- 
 ries (-riz)], troops mounted on 
 camels ; a camel corps ; a place for 
 loading or unloading camels. 
 
 cameo (kam'e-6), n. a precious stone 
 or shell on which figures are en- 
 graved in relief. 
 
 camera (kam'er-a), n. [pi. cameras 
 (-az)J, a camera obscura, especially 
 that employed in photography. 
 
 camera lucida (loo'si-da), n. an 
 optical instrument for reflecting dis- 
 tant objects on paper by means of a 
 solid glass prism. 
 
 camera obscura (ob-sku'ra), n. a 
 darkened chamber or box in which, 
 by means of lenses, external objects 
 are exhibited on paper, glass, &c. 
 
 camomile (kam'o-mil), n. sl plant of 
 the genus Anthemis, whose flowers 
 have a bitter aromatic taste, and 
 are largely used as a medicine. 
 
 camp (kamp), n. the ground occupied 
 by an army at rest, with tents, huts, 
 &c. ; an encampment : v.i. to live in 
 a camp ; encamp. 
 
 camp-meeting (-met'ing), n. an 
 outdoor religious gathering. 
 
 camp-stool (-stool), n. a folding 
 stool or seat. 
 
 campaign (kam-pan'), n. an open 
 tract of land; the period during 
 which an army carries on active 
 operations in the field: v.i. to serve 
 in a campaign. 
 
 campanile (kam-pa-ne'le), n. [pi. 
 campaniles ('lez)], a bell-tower de- 
 tached from the body of a church. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, £7ien. 
 
can 
 
 campanology (kam-pa-nol'o-ji), w. 
 the principles or art of bell-ringing, 
 bell-founding, &c. 
 
 campanulate (kam-pan'yu-lat), adj. 
 bell-shaped. 
 
 campeacliy wood (kam-pech'i 
 wood), n. another name for logwood. 
 
 camphene (kam-fen'), n. rectified oil 
 of turpentine. Also camphine. 
 
 camphor (kam'fer), n. a volatile aro- 
 matic whitish substance, obtained 
 from various trees and plants of 
 Eastern Asia. 
 
 camphor- tree (-tre), n. a species of 
 laurel yielding the camphor of com- 
 merce. 
 
 camphorate (kam'fer-at), v.t. to 
 saturate or treat with camphor. 
 
 camwood (kam'wood), n. a red dye- 
 wood. 
 
 can (kan), v.i. [p.t. could], to be 
 able ; possess power physically, mor- 
 ally, or mentally (used as an auxil- 
 iary verb). 
 
 can (kan), n. a metal vessel of small 
 size, for holding liquids or preserv- 
 ing solids : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. canned : 
 p.pr. canning], to put up in cans for 
 preservation. 
 
 Canadian balsam (bawl-sum), n. a 
 resin obtained from a species of fir. 
 
 canaille (ka-nal'), n. the lowest or- 
 ders of the populace. 
 
 canal (ka-nal'), n. an artificial navi- 
 gable waterway ; a duct or tube for 
 the passage of fluids; a channel or 
 groove. 
 
 canard (M-nard', French ka-nar'), <n. 
 an absurd story or report ; a hoax. 
 
 canary (ka-na'ri), n. a light wine; a 
 pale or bright yellow color ; a small 
 singing bird with yellow plumage, a 
 native of the Canary Islands : adj. 
 bright yellow. 
 
 cancan (kan'kan), w. a vivacious and 
 indelicate French dance. 
 
 cancel (kan'sel), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. can- 
 celed, p.pr. canceling], to deface 
 writing by drawing lines across it ; 
 annul ; strike out common factors : 
 n. the part of a book deleted and re- 
 printed before publication. 
 
 cancer (kan'ser), n. a genus of crus- 
 taceans, including the crabs ; one 
 of the twelve zodiacal signs, the 
 
 sign of the summer solstice ; a ma- 
 lignant tumor or growth. 
 
 cancerate (kan'ser-at), v.i. to grow 
 into a cancer. 
 
 cancerous ( kan'ser-us ) , adj. like a 
 cancer ; affected with cancer. 
 
 cancrine (kang'krln), adj. having 
 the form or qualities of a crab. 
 
 cancroid (kang'kroid), adj. resem- 
 bling a cancer. 
 
 candelabrum (kan-de-la'brum), n. 
 [pi. candelabra ('bra)], a lamp- 
 stand ; an ornamented branched can- 
 dlestick. 
 
 candent (kan'dent), adj. glowing 
 with a white heat. 
 
 candescence (kan-des'ens) , n. a state 
 of glowing. 
 
 candid (kan'did), adj. honest; out- 
 spoken ; sincere ; free from undue 
 bias ; open ; fair; 
 
 candidate (kan'di-dat), n. one who 
 offers himself, or is proposed by oth- 
 ers, to fill some office : v.i. to become 
 a candidate. 
 
 candidature ( kan'di-dat- ttir), n. the 
 state of being a candidate. 
 
 candied (kan'did), p.adj. preserved 
 or in-crusted with sugar. 
 
 candle (kan'dl), n. a cylindrical body 
 of tallow, wax, or other fatty ma- 
 terial, inclosing a wick of cotton, 
 and used to furnish light. 
 
 candle-power (-pou'er), n. the il- 
 luminating power of a candle taken 
 as a unit in determining the lumi- 
 nosity of any flame. 
 
 Candlemas (kan'dl-mas), n. the 
 feast of the Purification of the Vir- 
 gin Mary (Feb. 2nd). 
 
 candor (kan'der) , n. openness ; 
 frankness. 
 
 candy (kan'di), n. a solid confection 
 of sugar, combined with flavoring or 
 coloring substances : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 candied, p.pr. candying], to conserve 
 with sugar ; incrust with crystals : 
 v.i. to become candied. 
 
 candytuft (kan'di-tuft), n. a plant 
 bearing tufted flowers, originally 
 from Candia. 
 
 cane (kan), n. the stem of certain 
 palms, grasses, and other plants, as 
 the bamboo, sugar-cane, rattan, &c. ; 
 a walking-stick : v.t. to beat with a 
 cane ; furnish with cane. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
PANAMA CANAL 
 
can 
 
 cane-brake ('brak), n. a thicket of 
 canes. 
 
 canella (ka-nel'la), an aromatic and 
 tonic bark of a West Indian tree. 
 
 canine (ka-nin'), adj. pertaining to 
 dogs ; having the nature or qualities 
 of a dog. 
 
 canine teeth (teth), n.pl. two sharp- 
 pointed teeth on each side of the 
 upper and lower jaws of most mam- 
 mals. Also canines. 
 
 canister (kan'is-ter), n. a metal box 
 or case for tea, coffee, &c. ; a case 
 containing shot which explodes when 
 fired from a gun. 
 
 canker (kang'ker), n. a cancerous or 
 ulcerous disease ; an eating or cor- 
 roding agency which causes decay or 
 rot; anything that insidiously cor- 
 rodes, corrupts, or destroys: v.t. to 
 corrode or corrupt ; infect with poi- 
 sonous influence : v.i. to grow cor- 
 rupt ; be infected with, or become 
 malignant. 
 
 canker-worm (werm), n. a cater- 
 pillar destructive to trees or plants ; 
 something, as sorrow, evil, &c, that 
 insidiously destroys one's happiness. 
 
 cankerous (kang'ker-us), adj. cor- 
 roding. 
 
 cannabin (kan'a-bin), n. a narcotic 
 resin extracted from hemp. 
 
 cannabis (kan'a-bis), n. Indian 
 hemp. 
 
 canned (kand), adj. preserved in 
 tins. 
 
 cannel-coal (kan'el-kol), n. a hard 
 bituminous coal burning with a 
 clear bright flame ; candle-coal. 
 
 cannery (kan'e-ri), n. [pi. canneries 
 (-riz)], an establishment for pre- 
 serving meat, fish, &c, in cans her- 
 metically sealed. 
 
 cannibal (kan'i-bal), n. a human be- 
 ing who eats human flesh ; any ani- 
 mal that eats the flesh of its own 
 kind : adj. pertaining to, or charac- 
 teristic of, cannibalism. 
 
 cannibalism (kan'i-bal-izm), n. the 
 act or practice of eating human 
 flesh by human beings, or of animals 
 by those of like kind. 
 
 cannibalistic (kan-i-ba-lis'tik), adj. 
 characterized by cannibalism. 
 
 cannon (kan'un), n. [pi. cannons 
 ('unz), or cannon (collectively)], a 
 
 large gun ; a piece of ordnance. 
 
 cannonade (kan-un-ad'), n. the act 
 of discharging cannon against a 
 town, fort, &c. : v.t. to attack with 
 cannon or ordnance: v.i. to dis- 
 charge cannon. 
 
 cannoneer (kan-un-er'), n. an artil- 
 leryman. 
 
 cannoneering (kan-un-er'ing), n. 
 the act or art of using the cannon. 
 
 cannot (kan'ot), {can and not), to 
 be unable. 
 
 cannula (kan'ii-la), n. a small tube 
 for injecting or withdrawing fluids. 
 
 cannular (kan'u-lar), adj. tubular. 
 
 canny or cannie (kan'i), adj. 
 shrewd ; knowing ; cautious ; wary ; 
 artful ; reasonable ; quiet ; easy ; 
 safe : adv. in a canny manner. 
 
 canoe (ka-noo'), n. [pi. canoes 
 (-nooz')], a light boat of bark, 
 hide, or the hollow trunk of a tree; 
 any light boat propelled by paddles : 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. canoed, p.pr. canoe- 
 ing], to sail or paddle a canoe. 
 
 canoeist (ka-noo'ist), n. one who 
 paddles a canoe. 
 
 canon (kan'un), n. a law or rule in 
 general ; a law or rule regarding 
 doctrine or discipline enacted by a 
 council and confirmed ; the books of 
 the Holy Scriptures received as au- 
 thoritative by the Christian Church 
 (called the Sacred Canon; a cata- 
 logue of saints ; one of the largest 
 kinds of type ; the part by which a 
 bell is hung ; a cathedral dignitary ; 
 a bone in a horse's fore leg. 
 
 canon law (law), n. rules or laws 
 relating to faith, morals, and disci- 
 pline that regulate Church govern- 
 ment, as laid down by popes and 
 councils. 
 
 canon (ka-nyon'), or canyon (kan'- 
 yun), n. a narrow deep gorge having 
 more or less perpendicular sides. 
 
 canonic (ka-non'ik), or canonical 
 (-al), adj. pertaining to a rule or 
 canon ; according to, or established 
 by, ecclesiastical laws ; belonging to 
 the canon of Scripture. 
 
 canonically (-H), adv. in conformity 
 with a canon or rule. 
 
 canonicals (ka-non'ik-alz), n.pl. the 
 dress prescribed by the canons to be 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; m§, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
worn by a clergyman when officiat- 
 ing. 
 
 canonicity (kan-o-nis'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being canonical. 
 
 canonization (kan-on-iz-a'shun), n. 
 the act of canonizing. 
 
 canonize (kan'on-iz), v.t. to enrol in 
 the catalogue or canon of the saints. 
 
 canonist (kan'on-ist), n. one skilled 
 in the study and practice of eccle- 
 siastical law. 
 
 canonry (kan'on-ri), n. [pi. canon- 
 ries (-riz)], the benefice filled by a 
 canon. 
 
 canopy (kan'o-pi), n. [pi. canopies 
 (-piz)], a covering fixed above a 
 bed, or suspended over a throne or 
 dais ; any similar covering ; a decora- 
 tive cover above an altar, pulpit, 
 niche, &c. : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. canopied, 
 p.pr. canopying], to cover with a 
 canopy. 
 
 cant (kant), v.i. to speak in a whin- 
 ing Voice, or with an affected or 
 hypocritical tone ; make whining 
 pretensions to goodness ; to use the 
 conventional phraseology of a par- 
 ticular sect, party, &c. : n. a whin- 
 ing manner of speech ; the speech af- 
 fected by those soliciting alms ; the 
 jargon or slang spoken by thieves, 
 gipsies, beggars, &c. ; the words and 
 phrases characteristic of a certain 
 party, sect, &c. ; the employment of 
 certain phrases and forms of speech 
 without sincerity, especially the as- 
 sumption of a religious character or 
 the hypocritical use of sacred words : 
 adj. of the nature of cant. 
 
 cant (kant), n. an external angle; 
 an inclination from the level ; a sud- 
 den jerk producing a change in di- 
 rection : v.t. to incline ; tilt ; give a 
 fresh direction to ; cut off an angle 
 of. 
 
 can't (kant), a colloquial contraction 
 of can not. 
 
 cantaliver (kan'ta-liv-er). Same as 
 cantilever. 
 
 cantaloupe (kan'ta-loop), n. a va- 
 riety of musk-melon of delicate 
 flavor. 
 
 cantankerous (kan-tang'ker-us), 
 adj. ill-tempered ; cross-grained ; con- 
 tentious. 
 
 cantata (kan-ta'ta), n. a short choral 
 
 composition in the manner of an 
 oratorio; a poem or story set to 
 music. 
 
 cantatrice (kan'ta-tres, Italian kan- 
 ta-tre'cha), n. a female singer, es- 
 pecially one who sings in operas. 
 
 canteen (kan-ten'), n. a kind of shop 
 in barracks or camp where liquors 
 and provisions are sold ; a vessel 
 used by soldiers for carrying water 
 or liquor when on the march ; a box 
 containing mess utensils, &c, for 
 officers when on foreign service. 
 
 canter (kan'ter), n. an easy gallop; 
 a Canterbury gallop : v.i. to move in 
 an easy gallop : v.t. to cause to can- 
 ter. 
 
 canterbury (kan'ter-ber-i), n. a 
 stand with divisions for holding 
 music, &c. 
 
 cantharides (kan-thar'i-dez), n.pl. a 
 preparation of Spanish flies used 
 for blistering. 
 
 canthus (kan'thus), n. [pi. canthi 
 ('thi) ], the angle made by the meet- 
 ing of the eyelids. 
 
 canticle ( kan'ti-kal ) , n. a song ; one 
 of the non-metrical hymns of the 
 Bible arranged for chanting in 
 church service : pi. the Song of 
 Songs, or Song of Solomon. 
 
 cantilever (kan'ti-lev-er) , n. a 
 bracket or block projecting from the 
 wall of a house, to support a bal- 
 cony, cornice, &c. ; one of two arms 
 projecting from opposite banks serv- 
 ing to form a bridge : adj. construct- 
 ed on the principal of a cantilever. 
 
 cantillation (kan-ti-la'shun), n. in- 
 toning, especially in Jewish syna- 
 gogue worship. 
 
 canting (kan'ting), p. adj. affectedly 
 pious ; whining. 
 
 canto (kan'to), n. [pi. cantos ('toz)], 
 a part of a poem of some length ; the 
 highest vocal part in concerted 
 music; soprano. 
 
 canto-fermo (-fer'mo), n. plain 
 song. 
 
 canton (kan'ton), n. a district or 
 division of a territory ; one of the 
 Swiss federal states ; in France, a 
 subdivision of an arrondissement ; a 
 division of a painting or flag : v.t. to 
 divide into districts or parts ; to al- 
 lot separate quarters to troops. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cap 
 
 cantonment (kan-ton'ment), n. a 
 part of a town or village allotted to 
 a body of troops : in India, a perma- 
 nent military station. 
 
 cantoon (kan-toon'), n. a cotton 
 stuff having one side satiny, and the 
 other corded. 
 
 Canuck (ka-nuk'), n. a Canadian. 
 Also Kanuck. 
 
 canvas (kan'vas), n. a coarse heavy 
 cloth of hemp or flax, used for tents, 
 sails, &c, and also for painting on ; 
 sails in general ; a painting : adj. 
 made of canvas. 
 
 canvas-back (-bak), n. a North 
 • American duck, esteemed for the 
 delicacy of its flesh. 
 
 canvass (kan'vas), v.t. to examine; 
 sift ; discuss ; solicit votes or opin- 
 ions : v.i. to traverse a district for 
 the purpose of soliciting votes, in- 
 terest, orders, &c. : n. sl close inspec- 
 tion or scrutiny ; discussion ; a so- 
 licitation of votes, interest, orders, 
 &c. 
 
 cany (ka'ni), adj. consisting of cane; 
 full of canes. 
 
 canyon (kan'yun). Same as canon. 
 
 canzona (kan-tzo'na) or canzone 
 ('ne), n. a song or air somewhat 
 resembling the madrigal ; an instru- 
 mental piece in the style of a mad- 
 rigal. 
 
 canzonet (kan-tzo-net')> n. a short 
 song. 
 
 caoutchin or caoutchine (koo'- 
 chin), n. an inflammable volatile oil 
 distilled from caoutchouc. 
 
 caoutchouc (koo'chook), n. an elas- 
 tic gummy substance obtained from 
 the milky juice of several tropical 
 trees, and much used in the indus- 
 trial arts; india-rubber. 
 
 cap (kap), n. a covering for the head, 
 usually without a brim; anything 
 resembling a cap ; a percussion cap ; 
 the top or summit ; a particular 
 size of writing-paper : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. capped, p.pr. capping], to put 
 a cap on ; cover with, or as with, a 
 cap ; cover the top end of ; com- 
 plete; crown; place a cap on the 
 head when conferring a university 
 degree. 
 
 capability (ka-pa-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 
 quality of being capable: pi. intel- 
 lectual attainments. 
 
 capable (ka/pa-bl), adj. receptive; 
 susceptible; having power, skill, or 
 capacity; competent; legally quali- 
 fied. 
 
 capacious (ka-pa'shus), adj. roomy; 
 spacious. 
 
 capacitate (ka-pas'i-tat), v.t. to 
 make capable; enablej qualify. 
 
 capacity (ka-pas'i-ti), n. [pi. ca- 
 pacities (-tiz)], the power of re- 
 ceiving or containing; the power of 
 containing a certain quantity ex- 
 actly; cubic contents; intellectual 
 ability; legal qualification; profes- 
 sion ; function ; position. 
 
 cap-a-pie- (kap-a-pe'), adv. from 
 head to foot. 
 
 caparison (ka-par'i-son), n. an or- 
 namental covering for a horse ; gay 
 or rich clothing: v.t. to cover with 
 rich clothing, as a horse ; adorn 
 with rich dress. 
 
 cape (kap), n. a covering for the 
 shoulders, worn separately or at- 
 tached ,; a headland. 
 
 caper (ka'per), v.i. to skip; jump: 
 n. a frolicsome leap or spring; a 
 skip ; a prank. 
 
 caper (ka'per), n. a plant, the flower- 
 buds of which are pickled and used 
 as a condiment under the name of 
 capers. 
 
 capful (kap'fool), n. as much as fills 
 a cap; a small quantity; a passing 
 gust. 
 
 capias (ka'pi-as), n. sl writ author- 
 izing the arrest of the person named 
 in it. 
 
 capillarity ( kap-i-lar'i-ti ) , n. the 
 state of being capillary; capillary 
 attraction. 
 
 capillary (kap'il-a-ri & ka-pil'a-ri), 
 adj. resembling a hair; minute; 
 slender; possessing a very small 
 bore; pertaining to the capillary 
 vessels of the body : n. a tube with 
 a small bore : pi. one of the minute 
 blood-vessels connecting the arteries 
 with the veins. 
 
 capillary attraction (a-trak'shun), 
 n. the power possessed by porous 
 bodies of drawing up a fluid. 
 
 capilliform (ka-pil'i-f6rm), adj. 
 having the form of a hair. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
cap 
 
 capital (kap'i-tal), adj. affecting the 
 head or life ; punishable with death ; 
 first in importance ; chief ; princi- 
 pal, good, excellent ; first-rate : n. 
 the chief city or town in a kingdom 
 or state; a capital letter. 
 
 capital (kap'i-tal), n. the sum in- 
 vested in any particular business ; 
 stock in trade ; stock or resources 
 of any kind, moral or physical ; that 
 part of wealth which is saved and 
 is available for, or employed in, 
 future production ; the head or top 
 of a column, pilaster, or pillar. 
 
 capitalism (kap'it-al-izm), w. the 
 possession of capital, especially its 
 concentration in the hands of a 
 few ; the power of combined capital. 
 
 capitalist (kap'i-tal-ist), n. one who 
 possesses capital. 
 
 capitalization (kap-i-tal-iz-a'shun) , 
 n. the act of capitalizing. 
 
 capitalize (kap'i-tal-iz), v.t. to con- 
 vert into capital ; compute or real- 
 ize the present value of in money, 
 as a periodical payment ; print with 
 a capital. 
 
 capitally (-li), adv. in a manner in- 
 volving the forfeiture of life ; in an 
 excellent manner. 
 
 capitate (kap'i-tat), adj. growing in 
 a head. 
 
 capitation (kap-i-ta'shun), n. a tax, 
 fee, or grant per head. 
 
 Capitol (kap'i-tul), n. the temple of 
 Jupiter at Rome, situated on the 
 S.W. summit of the Capitoline 
 Hill ; the building occupied by the 
 United States Congress at Wash- 
 ington ; the Senate-house of a State. 
 
 capitular (ka-pit'u-lar) or capitu- 
 lary (-lar-i), adj. pertaining to a 
 chapter ; growing in a head : n. a 
 statute passed in a chapter, as of 
 knights or canons : pi. the body of 
 statutes of a chapter or of an ec- 
 clesiastical council ; a member of a 
 chapter. 
 
 capitulate (ka-pit'u-lat), v.i. to sur- 
 render to an enemy on conditions 
 agreed upon. 
 
 capitulation (ka-pit-u-la'shun), n. 
 the act of capitulating; the instru- 
 ment containing the terms of sur- 
 render. 
 
 cap 
 
 capitulator (ka-pit'u-la-ter), n. one 
 who capitulates. 
 
 caplin (kap'lin), n. a small fish of 
 the smelt family, largely used as 
 bait for cod. 
 
 capon (ka'pon), n. a castrated cock; 
 a cock-chicken castrated for the 
 purpose of improving the flesh for 
 table. 
 
 caponiere or caponniere (kap-o- 
 ner'), n. a covered lodgment; a pas- 
 sage from one part of a defensive 
 work to another, protected by a par- 
 apet. 
 
 capote (ka-pot'), n. a kind of long 
 coarse cloak; a long mantle for 
 women. 
 
 cap ouch (ka-poosh'), n. a monk's 
 hood or cowl ; the hood of a cloak. 
 
 capric (kap'rik), adj. pertaining to 
 a goat. 
 
 capric acid (as'id), n. an acid found 
 in the butter of cow's and goat's 
 milk, cocoanut-oil, &c, united with 
 glycerine, and having a smell like 
 that of a goat. 
 
 caprice (ka-pres'), n. a sudden im- 
 pulse of the mind ; a whim ; a freak. 
 
 capricious (ka-prish'us), adj. char- 
 acterized by caprice ; unsteady ; 
 fickle. 
 
 capriform (kap'ri-form), adj. hav- 
 ing the form of a goat. 
 
 caprin (kap'rin), n. a substance in 
 butter giving to it its characteristic 
 taste and smell. 
 
 caprine (kap'rin), adj. pertaining to, 
 or resembling, a goat. 
 
 capriole (kap'ri-ol), n. a leap of a 
 horse made without advancing : v.i. 
 to execute a capriole. 
 
 capsicin or capsicine (kap 'si-sin), 
 n. an alkaloid extracted from sev- 
 eral species of Capsicum. 
 
 Capsicum (kap'si-kum), n. a. genus 
 of South American plants, the pods 
 of several species of which are used 
 as a condiment (chillies), and when 
 dried and ground form cayenne pep- 
 per. 
 
 capsize (kap'siz), v.i. to be over- 
 turned ; upset : v.t. to turn over or 
 upset: n. an upset or overturn. 
 
 capstan (kap'stan), n. an upright 
 drum or cylinder revolving upon a 
 
 Me, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cap 
 
 spindle, and worked by bars or 
 levers. 
 
 capsular (kap'su-lar), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or of the nature of, a cap- 
 sule. 
 
 capsulated (kap'su-lat-ed), adj. fur- 
 nished with, or enclosed in, a cap- 
 sule. 
 
 capsule (kap'sul), n. a metallic seal 
 or cover for a bottle ; a small en- 
 velope of gelatine inclosing a nau- 
 seous drug; a seed-vessel or pod 
 which at maturity opens by valves ; 
 a small shallow vessel ; a membran- 
 ous sac inclosing some part or or- 
 gan. 
 
 captain (kap'tan, or 'tin), n. one 
 who has command of,, or authority 
 over, others ; a chief ; a commander ; 
 in the army, the commander of a 
 company; in the navy, an officer 
 commanding a ship of war ; the 
 master of a merchant vessel ; the 
 head of a team or side; the chief 
 boy in a school. 
 
 captaincy (kap'tan-si or 'tin-si), n. 
 the rank, post, or commission of a 
 captain. 
 
 caption (kap'shun), n. a certificate 
 of arrest. 
 
 captious (kap'shus), adj. ready to 
 catch at faults or take offense ; 
 quibbling ; sophistical ; fitted to 
 harass or perplex ; carping. 
 
 captivate (kap'ti-vat), v.t. to en- 
 slave or hold captive by beauty or 
 excellence; charm or lure; fasci- 
 nate. 
 
 captivation (kap-ti-va'shun), n. the 
 act of charming ; the state of being 
 charmed. 
 
 captive (kap'tiv), adj. made pris- 
 oner ; held in bondage ; fascinated ; 
 of or pertaining to bondage : n. one 
 who is taken prisoner, especially 
 one so taken in war ; one held in 
 bondage or fascinated. 
 
 captivity (kap-tiv'i-ti), n. the state 
 of being held in bondage or con- 
 finement ; servitude ; imprisonment. 
 
 captor (kap'ter), n. one who cap- 
 tures or takes any person or thing 
 by force or stratagem. 
 
 capture (kap'tur), n. the act of seiz- 
 ing or taking, as a prisoner or a 
 prize ; arrest ; the thing taken : v.t. 
 
 to take or seize by force, surprise, 
 or stratagem ; make a prisoner or 
 prize of. 
 
 capuchin (kap'u-shen or -oo-shen'), 
 n. a Franciscan monk of the men- 
 dicant order : so named from the 
 long pointed cowl or capouch worn 
 by the members ; a woman's cloak 
 and hood. 
 
 caput (kap'ut), n. [pi. capita ('i- 
 ta)], the head. 
 
 car (kar), n. a wheeled vehicle, espe- 
 cially one having only two wheels ; 
 a coach running upon rails ; the bas- 
 ket suspended beneath a balloon to 
 contain the aeronaut; a chariot of 
 war or state. 
 
 carack or carrack (kar'ak), n. a 
 large round-built vessel formerly 
 used by the Portuguese and Span- 
 iards in the East Indian and Ameri- 
 can trade. 
 
 caracole (kar'a-kol), n. a half turn 
 which a horseman makes, either to 
 the right or left ; a spiral staircase. 
 Also caracol : v.i. to move in a cara- 
 cole ; wheel. 
 
 caramel (kar'a-mel), n. burnt sugar, 
 used for coloring spirits, gravies, 
 soups, &c. ; a kind of sweetmeat. 
 
 carapace (kar'a-pas), n. the upper 
 shell of the tortoise, turtle, &c. ; 
 the upper covering of the Crustacea. 
 
 carat (kar'at), n. the weight of 3.17 
 grains, used for weighing precious 
 stones and pearls ; a twenty-fourth 
 part, a term used to express the 
 fineness of gold used in jewelry; 
 thus, gold 22 carats fine contains 22 
 parts of pure gold and 2 of alloy 
 (copper or silver). Also spelled 
 karat. 
 
 caravan (kar'a-van or kar-a-van'), 
 n. a company of travelers, mer- 
 chants, or pilgrims, associated to- 
 gether for mutual security, especial- 
 ly when traveling through deserts or 
 regions infested by robbers; a large 
 covered wagon or carriage for the 
 conveyance of traveling exhibitions 
 or passengers ; a van. 
 
 caravaneer (kar-a-van-er'), n. one 
 who leads the camels, &c, of a 
 caravan. 
 
 caravansary ( kar-a-van'sa-ri ) , n. 
 [pi. caravansaries (-riz)], in the 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
car 
 
 East, a kind of inn consisting of a 
 large unfurnished building sur- 
 rounding a spacious court, where 
 caravans rest at night. Also cara- 
 vanserai. 
 
 Caravel (kar'a-vel) or carvel (kar'- 
 vel), n. a name given to several 
 kinds of ships, as a small 16th cen- 
 tury vessel, used by the Spaniards 
 and Portuguese, with broad bows, 
 narrow high poop, four masts, and 
 lateen sails. 
 
 caraway (kar'a-wa), n. a biennial 
 plant with aromatic and pungent 
 seeds, used medicinally and as a 
 condiment. 
 
 Carbazotic (kar-ba-zot'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to or composed of carbon 
 and nitrogen. 
 
 Carbazotic acid (as'id), n. an acid 
 obtained by the action of nitric acid 
 on indigo and other vegetable and 
 animal substances : used in dyeing. 
 
 Carbide (kar'bid), n. a compound 
 of carbon with a metal : formerly 
 called a carburet. 
 
 carbide of calcium, n. calcium 
 carbide. 
 
 carbine (kar'bin), n. a short rifle 
 adapted to the use of cavalry. Also 
 carabine 1 . 
 
 carbineer ( kar-bi-ner' ) , n. a soldier 
 armed with a carbine. Also cara- 
 bineer. 
 
 carbohydrate (kar-bo-hi'drat), n. 
 one of a group of organic com- 
 pounds of carbon, hydrogen, and 
 oxygen. 
 
 carbohydrous (kar-bS-hi'drus), adj. 
 pertaining to, or of the nature of, a 
 carbohydrate. 
 
 carbolated (kar'bo-la-ted), adj. im- 
 pregnated or treated with carbolic 
 acid. 
 
 carbolic (kar-bol'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, ov derived from, carbon or coal- 
 tar. 
 
 carbolic acid (as'id), n. an acid ob- 
 tained from coal-tar by distillation : 
 largely used as an antiseptic in sur- 
 gery, and as a disinfectant. Also 
 called phenic acid. 
 
 carbolize (kar'bol-iz), v.t. to treat 
 or impregnate with carbolic acid. 
 
 carbon (kar'bon), n. an elementary 
 substance present in all organic 
 
 car 
 
 compounds, and occurring in nature 
 in two distinct forms, as the dia- 
 mond and graphite. The action of 
 heat on vegetable and animal tis- 
 sues produces carbon in the form of 
 charcoal, lampblack, coke, &c. : v.t. 
 to place carbons in (an arc-lamp). 
 
 carbon-dioxide (-dl'oks-id), n. car- 
 bonic acid gas. 
 
 carbon-ligbt (-lit), n. a brilliant 
 light produced by passing an elec- 
 tric current through carbon-points. 
 
 carbon-point (-point), n. the rod 
 of an arc-lamp, moved forward by 
 clockwork to maintain its position 
 to another opposing rod as it is 
 burned away. 
 
 carbonaceous (kar-bo-na'shus), adj. 
 pertaining to, consisting of, or con- 
 taining carbon. 
 
 carbonate (kar'bon-at), n. a, com- 
 pound of carbonic acid with a base. 
 
 carbonated (kar'bon-a-ted), adj. 
 combined, or impregnated, with 
 carbonic acid. 
 
 carbonic (kar-bon'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or obtained from, carbon. 
 
 carbonic acid (-as'id), n. (carbon- 
 dioxide) a gaseous colorless com- 
 pound of carbon and oxygen in the 
 proportion of 12 parts of carbon to 
 32 of oxygen. It is a heavy irre- 
 spirable gas, and acts as a narcotic 
 poison. 
 
 carboniferous ( kar-bo-nif 'er-us ) , 
 adj. containing or yielding carbon 
 or coal. 
 
 car b onization ( kar-bo-ni-za'shun ) , 
 n. the process of carbonizing or- 
 ganic substances. 
 
 carbonize (kar'bo-niz), v.t. to con- 
 vert into carbon by combustion, by 
 the action of fire, or an acid. 
 
 carboy (kar'boi), n. a large globular 
 bottle of glass, protected by a bas- 
 ket-work, used to contain or con- 
 vey corrosive acids. 
 
 carbuncle (kar'bung-kl), n. a beau- 
 tiful gem of a deep red color ; an in- 
 flammatory tumor, boil, or ulcer. 
 
 carbuncular (kar-bung'ku-ler), adj. 
 pertaining to, or resembling, a car- 
 buncle ; red ; inflamed. 
 
 carburet, an old form of carbide. 
 
 carburetted ( kar'bu-ret-ed ) , p.adj. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, thbn. 
 
combined with carbon in the man- 
 ner of a carbide. 
 
 carburize (kar'bu-rlz), v.t. to com- 
 bine with carbon. 
 
 carcase or carcass (kar'kas), n. [pi. 
 carcases ( -ez ) ] , the dead body of an 
 animal ; a corpse ; the decaying re- 
 mains of a bulky thing ; the frame- 
 work or skeleton of a building, ship, 
 &c. ; a perforated shell filled with 
 combustibles, used to set fire to 
 buildings, ships, &c. 
 
 care el- lamp (kar'sel-lamp), n. a 
 lamp, the oil in which is raised me- 
 chanically : used in lighthouses, and 
 as a table-lamp. 
 
 carcinology (kar-si-nol'o-ji), n. that 
 department of zoology which treats 
 of the Crustacea, as crabs, shrimps, 
 &c. 
 
 card (kard), n. a printed piece of 
 pasteboard used for various social 
 or business purposes ; such a piece 
 printed bearing certain devices or 
 figures, used for playing games ; a 
 short business advertisement in a 
 newspaper ; the dial of a mariner's 
 compass ; an instrument for comb- 
 ing the fibers of wool, flax, or cot- 
 ton, preparatory to spinning : v.t. 
 to comb or open, as wool, flax, &c, 
 with a card. 
 
 card-sharper (-shar'per), n. one 
 who cheats at cards, and fleeces 
 those he traps into playing with 
 him. 
 
 Cardamine (kar'da-mln), n. a genus 
 of herbs, which includes the cuckoo- 
 flower, &c. 
 
 cardamom (kar'da-mum), n. the 
 
 * capsule of several species of plants 
 of the ginger family with its aro- 
 matic seeds, used medicinally and 
 as a condiment. 
 
 cardia (kar'di-a), n. the heart; the 
 upper or cardiac end of the stomach 
 where the cesophagus or gullet en- 
 ters it. 
 
 cardiac (kar'di-ak), adj. pertaining 
 to the heart ; stimulating the heart's 
 action : n. a medicine which excites 
 action in the heart through the me- 
 dium of the stomach, and stimu- 
 lates the spirits ; a cordial ; stimu- 
 lant. 
 
 cardialgia (kar-di-al'ji-a), n. heart- 
 burn. 
 
 cardigan (kar'di-gan), n. a knitted 
 woolen jacket or waistcoat. 
 
 cardinal (kar'di-nal), adj. chief; 
 pre-eminent ; fundamental. 
 
 cardinal (kar'di-nal), n. an ecclesi- 
 astical prince ranking in dignity 
 next to the Pope; a woman's short 
 cloak with a hood. 
 
 cardinal numbers (num'berz), n. 
 pi. the numbers one, two, three, 
 &c, in distinction from first, sec- 
 ond, third, &c, which are called 
 ordinal numbers. 
 
 cardinal points (pointz), n.pl. N., 
 S., E., W. 
 
 cardinal signs (sinz), n.pl. Aries, 
 Libra, Cancer, and Capricorn. 
 
 cardinal virtues (ver'tuz), n.pl. 
 justice, prudence, temperance, and 
 fortitude. 
 
 cardinal-winds (windz), n.pl. winds 
 which blow due N., S., E., and W. 
 
 carditis (kar-di'tis), n. inflamma- 
 tion of the muscular tissue of the 
 heart. 
 
 cardol (kar'dol), n. an oily liquid ex- 
 tracted from the pericarp of the 
 cashew-nut, and used for blistering. 
 
 care (kar), n. concern; solicitude; 
 anxiety ; a burdensome responsibil- 
 ity ; caution ; charge or oversight ; 
 attention, watchfulness ; an object 
 of watchful attention and regard : 
 v.i. to be anxious or solicitous ; be 
 concerned, troubled, or interested. 
 
 careen (ka-ren'), v.t. to bring (a 
 ship) on one side for the purpose 
 of calking, cleansing, or repairing : 
 v.i. to incline on one side, as a ship 
 under press of sail. 
 
 career (ka-rer'), n. a run at full 
 speed ; general course of action ; an 
 occupation or calling : v.i. to move 
 or run rapidly. 
 
 careful (kar 'fool), adj. full of care; 
 anxious; attentive; watchful; cau- 
 tious ; provident, thoughtful. 
 
 carefully (-li), adv. in a careful 
 manner. 
 
 caress (ka-res'), n. any act or ex- 
 pression of affection ; an embrace : 
 v.t. to treat with tokens of affec- 
 tion ; bestow caresses upon. • 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
oar 
 
 car 
 
 caret (ka'ret or kar'et), n. a mark 
 C A ) used in writing, or in correcting 
 proofs, to indicate the place where 
 something is omitted or is to be 
 added. 
 
 cargo (kar'go), n. [pi. cargoes 
 ('goz)], the lading or freight of a 
 ship. 
 
 Carib (kar'ib) or Caribbee ('i-be), 
 n. a native of the Caribbee Islands, 
 or one of a tribe inhabiting certain 
 regions of Central America and the 
 north of South America. 
 
 caribou or cariboo (kar'i-boo), n. 
 the North American reindeer. 
 
 caricature (kar'i-ka-tur), n. a pic- 
 torial or descriptive representation 
 of a person or thing, in which the 
 defects or peculiarities are exag- 
 gerated so as to produce a ludicrous 
 effect ; parody : v.t. to represent in 
 a ridiculous or exaggerated style; 
 parody ; burlesque. 
 
 caricaturist (kar'i-ka-tur-ist), w. 
 one who represents others in carica- 
 ture. 
 
 caries (ka'ri-ez), n. decay of bones, 
 teeth, or vegetable tissue. 
 
 carillon (kar'i-lon), 11. a chime of 
 bells diatonically tuned and played 
 by hand or machinery ; a simple air 
 adapted for playing on a set of 
 bells. 
 
 cariole (kar'i-ol), n. a small open 
 carriage ; a light covered cart. 
 
 cariosity (ka-ri-os'i-ti), n. the state 
 of being carious. 
 
 carious (ka'ri-us), adj. affected with 
 caries. 
 
 cark (kark), v.i. to be anxious or 
 concerned : v.t. to vex ; load with 
 care or grief. 
 
 carl or carle (karl), n. a strong, 
 sturdy fellow ; a rustic ; a churl. 
 
 carline (kar'lin), n. a ship's timber 
 running fore and aft from one 
 transverse deck-beam to another, 
 serving as a foundation for the 
 planks of the deck. 
 
 oarlock (kar'lok), n. a kind of isin- 
 glass made of the sturgeon's blad- 
 der, and used in clarifying wine. 
 
 carminative (kar-min'a-tiv), n. a 
 medicine, which expels wind and re- 
 lieves colic and flatulence : adj. ex- 
 pelling wind. 
 
 carmine (kar'min or 'min), n. the 
 essential coloring principle of coch- 
 ineal ; a rich crimson pigment. 
 
 carnage ( kar'naj ) , n. slaughter ; 
 great destruction of life by vio- 
 lence ; massacre. 
 
 carnal (kiir'nal), adj. pertaining to 
 the body, its passions and its ap- 
 petites ; animal ; fleshly ; sensual, im- 
 pure; not spiritual, but essentially 
 human ; secular. 
 
 carnalism (kar'nal-izm) or car- 
 nality (kar-nal'i-ti), n. the state 
 of being carnal ; sensuality. 
 
 carnalist (kar'nal-ist), n. a sen- 
 sualist. 
 
 carnally (-li), adv. in an animal or 
 fleshly manner. 
 
 carnation (kar-na'shun), n. a light 
 rose-pink ; flesh color ; the parts of 
 a picture in which flesh is repre- 
 sented ; a pink. 
 
 carnationed (kar-na'shund), adj. 
 having a pink color like that of 
 flesh. 
 
 carney (kar'ni), n. a disease of 
 horses, in which the furred condi- 
 tion of the mouth prevents eating. 
 
 carnincation (kar-ni-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 tissue so altered as to resemble 
 flesh. 
 
 carnival (kar'ni-val), n. the season 
 of rejoicing before Lent : observed 
 in Roman Catholic countries ; feast- 
 ing or revelry. 
 
 carnivorous (kar-niv'5-rus), adj. 
 eating or feeding on flesh. 
 
 carob (kar'ob), n. an evergreen tree 
 which yields a nutritious pod 
 known as St. John's-bread. 
 
 carol (kar'ul), n. a song of joy or 
 praise, especially one in honor of the 
 Nativity: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr. 
 -ing] , to sing in joy ; warble : v.t. 
 to praise or celebrate in song. 
 
 carotid (ka-rot'id), n. one of the 
 two principal arteries, one on either 
 side of the neck, which convey the 
 blood from the aorta to the head : 
 adj. pertaining to the two great 
 arteries of the neck. 
 
 carouse (ka-rouz'), n. a feast or fes- 
 tival ; a noisy drinking bout or 
 revel. Also carousal : v.i. to drink 
 heartily and with jollity ; revel. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
car 
 
 car 
 
 carp (karp), v.i. to cavil or find 
 fault. 
 
 carp (karp), n. a fresh-water fish. 
 
 carpal (kar'pal), adj. pertaining to 
 the carpus or wrist. 
 
 carpel (kar'pel), n. a simple pistil, 
 or one of the parts of a compound 
 pistil or ovary of a flower. 
 
 carpenter (kar'pen-ter), n. an artif- 
 icer who works in timber and pre- 
 pares the woodwork of houses, 
 ships, &c. : v.i. to perform car- 
 penter's work. 
 
 carpentry (kar'pen-tri), n. the art 
 of cutting, framing, and joining 
 timber ; work done by a carpenter. 
 
 carpet (kiir'pet), n. a thick woven 
 or felted fabric, with a pattern, used 
 for covering floors or stairs ; a soft 
 covering, resembling carpet : v.t. to 
 cover with a carpet ; bring under 
 consideration ; reprimand. 
 
 carpet-bag (-bag), n. traveling bag. 
 
 carpet-bagger (-bag'er), n. a politi- 
 cal adventurer. 
 
 carpet-knight (-nit), n. one upon 
 whom the honor of knighthood or 
 other distinction has been conferred 
 for other than active service. 
 
 carpeting (kar'pet-ing), n. cloth for 
 carpets ; carpets in general. 
 
 carriage (kar'ij), n. the act of car- 
 rying or transporting ; cost of con- 
 veyance ; behavior ; deportment ; a 
 wheeled vehicle ; the wheeled stand 
 or support of a gun ; the frame- 
 work of a wooden staircase. 
 
 carrier (kar'i-er), n. one who, or 
 that which, carries or conveys ; one 
 whose business is to carry goods 
 for hire ; a portion of various ma- 
 chines ; a frame for holding photo- 
 graphic plates or magic-lantern 
 slides. 
 
 carrier-pigeon (-pij'un), n. a va- 
 riety of pigeon trained to convey 
 letters, &c. 
 
 carrion (kar'i-on), n. dead or putre- 
 fying flesh ; filth ; garbage : adj. per- 
 taining to, or feeding on, carrion. 
 
 carrion-crow (-kro), n. the com- 
 mon crow of Europe : also the 
 American crow. 
 
 carronade (kar-on-ad'), n. a short 
 cannon of large bore for close range, 
 formerly used in the navy. 
 
 car r on- oil (kar'on-oil), n. linseed- 
 oil and lime-water : used as a lini- 
 ment for burns. 
 
 carrot (kar'ot), n. the well-known 
 plant with an edible root; the root 
 itself. 
 
 carry (kar'i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. car- 
 ried, p.pr. carrying], to convey from 
 one point to another ; bear ; have on 
 one's person ; convey by force ; lead ; 
 transfer ; accomplish ; gain posses- 
 sion of ; extend or continue in time 
 or space [with up or back] ; ex- 
 hibit ; imply ; have in charge or 
 conduct ; to take by assault : v.i. to 
 act as a bearer ; propel a projectile 
 to a distance ; hold the head in a 
 particular manner. 
 
 cart (kart), n. a carriage for the con- 
 veyance of heavy goods ; a light 
 two-wheeled vehicle used by trades- 
 men, &c. : v.t. to carry or convey in 
 a cart. 
 
 cartage (kart'aj), n. the charge 
 made for conveyance by a cart ; 
 the act of carting. 
 
 carte (kart), n. a bill of fare. 
 
 carte blanche (kart blangsh), a 
 blank paper ; a signed sheet of 
 paper given to another to be filled 
 up as he pleases : hence, uncondi- 
 tional terms or authority. 
 
 carte-de-visite ( kiirt'-de-vi-zet' ) , 
 [pi. cartes-de-visite], a photograph 
 of a person mounted on a card of a 
 size formerly used as a visiting card. 
 
 cartel (kar'tel), n. an agreement be- 
 tween hostile states regarding the 
 exchange of prisoners ; a challenge 
 to single combat. 
 
 cartilage (kar'ti-laj), n. elastic ani- 
 mal tissue, forming bone ; gristle. 
 
 cartilaginous (kiir - ti-laj'i-nus) , 
 adj. pertaining to, or in the form of, 
 cartilage; gristly. 
 
 cartographer, cartographic, car- 
 tography, &c. See chartographer, 
 &c. 
 
 cartoon (kar-toon'), n. a study or 
 design executed on strong paper, 
 and of the size to be reproduced in 
 fresco or tapestry ; a pictorial 
 sketch dealing with a political or 
 social subject. 
 
 cartonch (kar-toosh'), n. a car- 
 tridge ; a cartridge-box ; an orna- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, rot; boon, 
 book ; hue. hut : think, then. 
 
ear 
 
 cas 
 
 ment in the form of an unrolled 
 scroll ; on Egyptian monuments, 
 &c, an oval figure containing the 
 name or title of a sovereign or 
 deity. 
 
 cartridge (kar'trij), n. a case of 
 cardboard, metal, or other material, 
 containing the charge of a firearm. 
 
 caruncle (kar'ung-kl), n. a small 
 fleshy excrescence ; the comb or 
 wattle of a fowl ; an appendage 
 surrounding the hilum of a seed. 
 
 carve (karv), v.t. to form a design; 
 shape by cutting ; cut into slices : 
 v.i. to exercise the trade of a sculp- 
 tor or carver ; cut up meat. 
 
 caryatid (kar-i-at'id), n. a figure of 
 a woman in long robes, serving to 
 
 . support an entablature. 
 
 cas car ilia (kas-ka-ril'a), n. the bark 
 of a West Indian shrub, possessing 
 aromatic and bitter 'properties ; the 
 shrub itself, from which is obtained 
 a white bitter crystalline substance, 
 cascarillin. 
 
 case (kas), n. a covering or recep- 
 tacle ; a sheath ; a box with its con- 
 tents ; a frame or casing ; a di- 
 vided tray for types : 225 sq. ft. of 
 crown glass : v.t. to cover with, or 
 enclose in, a case. 
 
 case (kas), n. that which happens or 
 befalls ; the matters involved in a 
 question under discussion or inves- 
 tigation ; a certain form or instance 
 of disease ; a suit or action at law ; 
 one of the forms or inflections in 
 the declension of a noun, pronoun, 
 or adjective, which indicates its 
 relation to other words. 
 
 case-harden (kas-har'dn), v.t. to 
 harden the surface of (as iron) by 
 conversion into steel. 
 
 caseic (ka/se-ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or derived from cheese. 
 
 casein (ka'se-in), n. the curd-matter 
 of milk, forming the main part of 
 cheese. 
 
 casemate (kas'mat), n. a shell-proof 
 vault or battery, having embrasures 
 for cannon ; a hollow molding. 
 
 casement (kas'ment), n. a hinged 
 window-frame made to open out- 
 ward ; a compartment between the 
 mullions of a window. 
 
 caseous (ka'se-us), adj. cheesy. 
 
 cash (kash), n. money; ready mon- 
 ey : v.t. to turn into, or exchange 
 for, money. 
 
 cash-book, a book in which a regis- 
 ter is kept of money received or 
 paid out. 
 
 cashew (ka-shoo'), n. a tree native 
 of tropical America which produces 
 the cashew-nut, a kidney-shaped 
 fruit containing an edible kernel 
 from which a caustic oil is obtained. 
 
 cashier (kash-er'), n. one who has 
 charge of the money, and superin- 
 tends the payments and receipts of 
 a bank or trading establishment : 
 v.t. to dismiss from service or place 
 of trust ; discharge. 
 
 cashmere (kash'mer), n. a soft 
 woolen fabric for shawls, &c, orig- 
 inally made in Cashmere, from the 
 downy hair of the wild goat of 
 Thibet and the Himalayas ; a soft 
 woolen dress fabric made in imita- 
 tion of real cashmere : adj. made of 
 cashmere. 
 
 casing (kas'ing), n. the act of cov- 
 ering with or placing in a case ; a 
 covering. 
 
 casino (ka-se'no), n. [pi. English 
 casinos ( 'noz ) , Italian casini ('ne) ], 
 a small country house; a public 
 room or building used for social 
 meetings, dancing, gaming, &c. 
 
 cask (kask), n. a vessel composed of 
 wooden staves, bound by iron hoops, 
 for holding liquors; the quantity 
 contained in a cask. 
 
 casket (kas'ket), n. a small chest or 
 box for jewels, &c. ; a costly coffin : 
 v.t. to place or preserve in a casket. 
 
 casque (kask), n. a helmet. 
 
 cassation (kas-a'shun), n. abroga- 
 tion. 
 
 cassava (kas'a-va), n. a plant of 
 tropical America and Africa, culti- 
 vated for its tuberous roots, which 
 yield a nutritious starch, from 
 which cassava-bread and tapioca 
 are made. 
 
 cassia (kash'ia), n. a genus of legu- 
 minous plants, the leaves of several 
 species of which constitute the drug 
 senna. 
 
 cassia-oil (-oil), n. oil extracted 
 from cassia-bark and cassia-buds. 
 Called also oil of cinnamon. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 D. 12. book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
cassimere (kas'i-roer), n. a thin 
 twilled woolen cloth, used for men's 
 garments. Also casimire, and ker- 
 seymere. 
 
 cassinette (kas-i-nef), n. a cloth 
 with a cotton warp and a woof of 
 very fine wool, or wool and silk. 
 Also kerseynette. 
 
 cassiterite (ka-sit'er-it), n. native 
 tin dioxide ; the principal ore of tin. 
 
 cassock (kas'uk), n. a long, close- 
 fitting vestment worn by clergymen, 
 choristers, &c. 
 
 cassowary (kas'o-wa-ri), n. [pi. 
 cassowaries (-riz)], a large bird 
 resembling the ostrich, inhabiting 
 Australia and the Papuan Islands. 
 
 cast (kast), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cast, 
 p.pr. casting], to throw ; hurl ; shed ; 
 direct or turn ; thrown down ; cal- 
 culate ; defeat at law ; condemn ; 
 form into a certain shape ; assign to 
 various actors : v.i. to throw the 
 line in angling ; ponder ; to warp or 
 twist; receive form or shape in a 
 mold : n. the act of casting ; the dis- 
 tance to which a thing may be 
 thrown ; motion or turn ( of the 
 eye) ; direction, glance; the form or 
 shape; manner; appearance; a 
 tinge; the company of actors to 
 whom the parts of a play are as- 
 signed. 
 
 cast-iron, or -steel (-Irn, or -stel), 
 n. iron or steel melted and run into 
 molds. 
 
 castanets (kas'ta-nets), n.pl, small 
 spoon-shaped shells of hard wood or 
 ivory, fastened loosely at the top, a 
 pair of which is fastened to each 
 thumb and shaken with the fingers 
 to beat time. 
 
 castaway (kast'a-wa), n. one who is 
 cast away or lost; a person or ves- 
 sel wrecked on an unfrequented 
 coast; an outcast; reprobate (I 
 Cor. ix. 27) : adj. shipwrecked; re- 
 jected. 
 
 caste (kast), one of the artificial or 
 hereditary divisions into which 
 Hindus are restricted by Brahmin 
 religious law. 
 
 castellated (kas'te-la-ted), adj. fur- 
 nished with turrets and battle- 
 ,ments, as a castle. 
 
 caster (kas'ter), n. one who, or that 
 
 which casts ; a computor ; a cruet or 
 small vessel for holding condiments 
 at table; a small swiveled wheel. 
 Also castor. 
 
 castigate (kas'ti-gat), v.t. to cor- 
 rect; chastise ; punish ; subject to 
 severe criticism. 
 
 castigation (kas-ti-ga'shun), n. the 
 act of castigating. 
 
 castigator (kas'ti-ga-ter), n. one 
 who castigates. 
 
 castigatory (kas'ti-ga-to-ri), adj. 
 punitive. 
 
 Castile-soap, a superior kind of 
 refined soap, originally made at 
 Castile, Spain. 
 
 Castilian (kas-til'ian), adj. of, or 
 pertaining to, Castile. 
 
 casting (kast'ing), n. the action of 
 the verb to cast; the act or process 
 of founding or molding ; the process 
 of taking impressions of statues, 
 medals, &c. ; a worm-cast. 
 
 casting-vote (-vot), n. the deciding 
 vote of a chairman when the votes 
 are equal. 
 
 castle (kas'I, or kas'l), n. a fortified 
 residence ; a fortress ; a strong and 
 imposing mansion of a noble or 
 wealthy person ; one of the pieces at 
 chess, called also rook : v.i. to move 
 the king two squares to the right or 
 left, and bring the castle to the 
 square the king has passed over. 
 
 castrate (kas'trat), v.t. emasculate; 
 geld ; expurgate ; deprive a flower 
 of its anthers : adj. emasculated ; 
 gelded : n. one who has been 
 emasculated ; a eunuch. 
 
 castration (kas-tra'shun), n. the .act 
 of castrating. 
 
 casual (kazh'u-al), adj. happening 
 by chance ; accidental ; occasional ; 
 fortuitous : n. one who receives re- 
 lief for a night in a parish to which 
 he does not belong. 
 
 casualty (kazh'u-al-ti), n. [pi. casu- 
 alties (-tiz)], an accident, especially 
 if resulting in bodily injury or death. 
 
 casuist (kazh'u-ist), n. one skilled in 
 casuistry; one who studies or re- 
 solves cases of conscience. 
 
 casuistic ( kazh-u-is'tik ) , or casuis- 
 tical (-al), adj. of or pertaining to 
 casuistry. 
 
 ate, .arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; Jt>o<>n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 
 
cat 
 
 casuistry (kazh'u-ist-ri), n. [pi. 
 casuistries (-riz)], the science or 
 doctrine which deals with cases of 
 conscience as determined by theolog- 
 ical dogmas or ethical rules ; sophis- 
 tical or equivocal reasoning. 
 cat (kat), n. a carnivorous animal of 
 the family Felidse, especially the 
 domesticated quadruped, Fclis do- 
 mestica ; a cat-fish ; a cat-o'-nine- 
 tails ; the game of tip-cat ; a strong 
 tackle ; to raise an anchor to the 
 cat-head ; a stoutly-built vessel with 
 a narrow stern, projecting quarters, 
 and a deep waist; a double tripod 
 which always lands on its feet : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. catted, p.pr. catting], to 
 draw up (an anchor) to the cat- 
 head. 
 cat-block (-blok), n. a two- or three- 
 fold block used to cat the anchor. 
 cat-boat (-bot), n. a small boat with 
 
 one sail on a mast near the bows. 
 cat- liar pings (-har'pings), n.pl. 
 short ropes or iron clamps used for 
 tightening the shrouds. 
 cat-o'-nine-tails, n. a whip with 
 nine lashes of knotted cord, former- 
 ly used as a punishment in the 
 English army and navy. 
 cat's-eye (-1), n. a hard semi- trains- 
 parent variety of quartz, 
 cat's-paw (-paw), n. a dupe, from 
 the fable of the monkey who used 
 the cat's paw to get the roasted 
 chestnuts from the fire ; a light air 
 that slightly ripples the surface of 
 the water. 
 catabolism (ka.-tab'5-lizm), n. a 
 downward series of changes by 
 which complex bodies are broken 
 down into simpler forms. Also 
 katabolism. 
 cataclysm (kat'a-klizm), 11. a del- 
 uge ; flood ; a violent or sudden 
 physical change of the earth's sur- 
 face. 
 catacomb (kat'a-kom), 11. a subter- 
 raneous burial place with niches 
 hollowed out for the dead. 
 cat acoustics (kat-a-kous'tiks), n. 
 that part of the science of acoustics 
 which treats of reflected sounds. 
 cat adiop trie ( kat-a-di-op'trik ) , adj. 
 refracting and reflecting light. 
 
 catafalque ( kat'a-f alk ) , n. a tem- 
 porary structure erected, usually in 
 a church, to support the coffin of a 
 distinguished person on the occasion 
 of a ceremonious funeral. 
 
 Catalan (kat'a-lan), adj. of, or per- 
 taining to, Catalonia, a former prov- 
 ince of Spain, or to its inhabitants 
 or language. 
 
 catalepsy (kat'a-lep-si), n. a sud- 
 den suspense of voluntary sensa- 
 tion. Also catalepsis. 
 
 cataleptic (kat-a-lep'tik), adj. of, 
 or pertaining to, catalepsy. 
 
 catalogue (kat'a-log), n. an ar- 
 ranged list : v.t. to enter in, or 
 make, a catalogue of. 
 
 catalysis (ka-tal'i-sis), n. [pi. ca- 
 talyses (-sez)], a decomposition 
 and new combination supposed to 
 be effected by one substance acting 
 upon a compound body, itself re- 
 maining unchanged. 
 
 catamaran (kat-a.-ma.-ran'), n. a 
 raft or float propelled by paddles, 
 consisting usually of three or more 
 logs lashed together, the third or 
 middle one being longer than the 
 rest : any vessel with twin hulls ; a 
 flat-bottomed boat ; a vixen. 
 
 catamount (kat'a-mount), n. the 
 wild cat; the puma, cougar, or 
 mountain lion. 
 
 cat aphonics (kat-a-fon'iks), 11. that 
 branch of acoustics which treats of 
 the theory of reflected sounds ; cata- 
 coustics. 
 
 cataphoric (kat-a-for'ik), adj. pos- 
 sessing the power of producing mo- 
 tion through a diaphragm : said of 
 a liquid, or electric current. 
 
 cataplasm (kat'a-plazm), n. a poul- 
 tice. 
 
 cataplexy (kat'a-plek-si), n. a sud- 
 den shock to the nerves causing 
 paralysis. 
 
 catapult (kat'a-pult), 11. an ancient 
 military engine for hurling darts 
 and stones ; a forked stick with an 
 elastic band by which small mis- 
 siles are propelled. 
 
 cataract (kat'a-rakt), n. a large 
 waterfall ; a furious rush or down- 
 pour of water ; a disease of the 
 eye in which the crystalline lens 
 
 ate, arm, jisk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
eat 
 
 cat 
 
 becomes opaque, and the vision be- 
 comes impaired or is lost. 
 
 catarrh (ka-tar'), n. an inflamma- 
 tory affection of any mucous mem- 
 brane accompanied by increase of 
 the mucus, especialy from the nose ; 
 a violent cold in the head. 
 
 catarrhal (ka-tar'al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or produced by, catarrh. 
 
 catastrophe (ka-tas'tro-fe), n. a 
 great calamity or disaster ; an 
 event subversive of the order of 
 things ; the unfolding and winding 
 up of a plot ; a cataclysm. 
 
 catawba (ka-taw'ba), n. a light-red 
 variety of American grape ; a light 
 wine made from this grape. 
 
 catcall (kat'kawl), n. a. squeaking 
 instrument used in theaters to ex- 
 press disapproval : v.t. to express 
 disapproval of by a catcall. 
 
 catch (kach), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. caught, 
 p.pr. catching], to seize or grasp; 
 lay hold of suddenly ; intercept ; 
 take captive ; apprehend by the in- 
 tellect or senses ; take, by conta- 
 gion, infection, or sympathy ; at- 
 tack, or communicate to, as a fire ; 
 come upon unexpectedly ; come up 
 to ; reach in time : n. the act of seiz- 
 ing or grasping ; that which is 
 caught or taken ; gain ; something 
 desirable to be caught ; anything 
 that seizes or checks motion ; a 
 song, the parts of which are caught 
 up by different voices. 
 
 catchpenny (kach'pen-i), n. [pi. 
 catchpennies (-iz)], an article of 
 little value got up attractively to 
 effect a quick sale. 
 
 catchup (kach'up), n. a sauce made 
 from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, 
 &c. Also catsup, ketchup. 
 
 catechetical (kat-e-ket'ik-al), adj. 
 consisting of questions and answers. 
 
 catechetically (-li), adv. by way of 
 question and answer. 
 
 catechetics (kat-e-ket'iks), n. the 
 art or practice of instructing by 
 means of question and answer. 
 
 catechin (kat'e-kin), n. a tannic 
 acid extracted from catechu. 
 
 catechism (kat'e-kizm) , n. an ele- 
 mentary manual of instruction in 
 the form of question and answer, 
 
 especially in the principles of the 
 •Christian religion; 
 
 catechist (kat'e-kist), n. one who 
 instructs by question and answer ; 
 a catechizer. 
 
 catechize (kat'e-kiz), v.t. to instruct 
 by means of questions and answers, 
 and offering explanations, especially 
 to instruct on points of Christian 
 dogma ; interrogate or examine. 
 
 catechu (kat'e-ku), n. sl brown 
 astringent extract used in the arts 
 and as a medicine. Called also 
 terra japonica and cutch. 
 
 catechumen (kat-e-ku'men), n. one 
 who is under religious instruction 
 prior to receiving baptism ; a begin- 
 ner in the first principles of knowl- 
 edge. 
 
 categorical ( kat-e-gor'i-ka.1 ) , adj. 
 pertaining to a category; absolute; 
 unconditional. 
 
 categorically (-li), adv. in a cate- 
 gorical manner ; absolutely. 
 
 category (kat'e-go-ri), n. [pi. cate- 
 gories (-riz)], one of the highest 
 classes to which the objects of 
 knowledge or thought can be re- 
 duced, and by which they may be 
 arranged into a system. 
 
 cater (ka'ter), v.i. to supply food, 
 amusement, &c. [with for and to]. 
 
 caterpillar (kat'er-pil'er), n. the 
 hairy worm-like larva of a butter- 
 fly or lepidopterous insect. 
 
 caterwaul (kat'er-wawl), v.i. to 
 cry, as cats at night ; to utter harsh 
 discordant sounds. 
 
 catfish (kat'fish), n. a fish remark- 
 able for its voracity ; bullhead ; pout. 
 
 catgut (kat'gut), n. a kind of cord 
 made from the intestines of animals, 
 usually sheep, and used as strings 
 for musical instruments and some 
 other purposes ; a string of this 
 kind ; a kind of open canvas. 
 
 cathartic (ka-thar'tik), adj. purga- 
 tive : n. a purgative medicine. 
 
 cat-head (kat'hed), n. a beam pro- 
 jecting from a ship's bows to which 
 the anchor is secured. 
 
 cathedral (ka-the'dral), n.the chief 
 church in a diocese in which is the 
 throne of a bishop : adj. pertaining 
 to a cathedral. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
Copyright MDCCCXCIX, by F. E. Wright 
 
 STANDARD CATTLE 
 
eat 
 
 can 
 
 catheter ( kath'e-ter ) , a tubular in- 
 strument to withdraw urine from 
 the bladder. 
 
 cathion (kath'i-on), n. the electro- 
 positive ion evolved at the cathode 
 in electrolysis. 
 
 cathode (kath'od), n. the negative 
 pole of a current : opposed to anode. 
 Written also kathode. 
 
 catholic (kath'o-lik), adj. universal; 
 general ; embracing all ; liberal ; 
 large-hearted ; free from prejudice ; 
 including all mankind. 
 
 Catholic (kath'o-lik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the Church of Rome : n. a 
 member of the Universal or Cath- 
 olic Church, or of the Roman 
 Church. 
 
 Catholicism (ka-thol'i-sizm), n. the 
 belief of, or adherence to, the Cath- 
 olic Church or faith, especially to 
 that of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 catholicity (kath-ol-is'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being catholic. 
 
 Catholicize (ka-thol'i-siz), v.t. to 
 convert to the Roman Catholic 
 Church. 
 
 catkin (kat'kin), n. the pendulous 
 inflorescence of the willow, birch, &c. 
 
 catling (kat'ling), n. a little cat; 
 kitten ; the down or moss resem- 
 bling cat's hair which grows on cer- 
 tain trees. 
 
 catmint (kat'mint), catnip (kat'- 
 nip), n. a strong-scented perennial 
 herb, much liked by cats. 
 
 catopsis (ka-top'sis), n. morbidly 
 keen vision. 
 
 catoptric (ka-top'trik), adj. relating 
 to catoptrics. 
 
 catoptric light (lit), n. form of 
 light, used in lighthouses, in which 
 reflectors are used in the place of 
 prisms and lenses. 
 
 catoptrically (-li), adv. by reflec- 
 tion. 
 
 catoptrics (ka-top'triks), n. that 
 branch of optics which treats of 
 the principles of reflected light. 
 
 cattle (kat'l), n. sing. & pi. live 
 stock, especially oxen, bulls and 
 cows. 
 
 cattle-plague (-plag), n. a popular 
 name for the rinderpest. 
 
 Caucasian (kaw-ka'shi-an or kaw- 
 kash'i-an), adj. of or pertaining to 
 
 the Caucasus, a mountainous range 
 between the Black and the Caspian 
 Seas ; of or pertaining to the Euro- 
 pean Aryans. 
 
 caucus (kaw'kus), n. a preliminary 
 meeting of representatives of a po- 
 litical party, to decide upon a line 
 of policy to be submitted to a con- 
 vention or larger meeting ; a party 
 combination for influencing elec- 
 tions : v.i. to hold, or meet in, a 
 caucus. 
 
 caudal (kaw'dal), adj. pertaining to 
 a tail. 
 
 caudate (kaw'dat), adj. having a 
 tail ; having a tail-like appendage. 
 
 caudle (kaw'dl), n. a warm drink 
 made of wine or ale, spiced or sug- 
 ared, and mixed with bread, eggs, 
 &c, for sick persons, or for women 
 in childbed. 
 
 caught, p.t. & p.p. of catch. 
 
 caul (kawl), n. a net or covering for 
 the head ; a small net ; a mem- 
 brane covering the lower intes- 
 tines ; a part of the amnion or mem- 
 brane of the fetus, sometimes inclos- 
 ing a child's head at birth. 
 
 cauldron (kawl'dron), n. a large 
 kettle or boiler. 
 
 cauliflower (kaw'li-flou-er), # n. a 
 garden variety of cabbage with an 
 edible flowering head. 
 
 caulk. See calk. 
 
 causal (kaw'zal), adj. relating to or 
 expressing cause ; creative : n. a 
 word that expresses a cause, or in- 
 troduces a reason. 
 
 causally (-li), adv. as a cause. 
 
 causality (kaw-zal'i-ti), n. [pi. caus- 
 alities (-tiz)], the relation of cause 
 to effect ; the supposed faculty of 
 tracing effects to causes. 
 
 causation (kaw-za'shun), n. the act 
 of causing or producing; relation 
 between cause and effect. 
 
 causative (kaw'za-tiv), adj. that 
 causes ; effective as a cause ; ex- 
 pressing causation. 
 
 cause (kawz), n. that which pro- 
 duces or contributes to a result ; a 
 reason ; motive ; principle ; subject 
 in debate ; a side or party ; a suit 
 or action ; a case for judicial de- 
 cision : v.t. to act as an agent in 
 producing an effect ; produce. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
can 
 
 eed 
 
 cause-way (kawz'wa), or causey 
 ('zi), n. a pathway raised and 
 paved with stone; a highway. 
 
 caustic ( kaws'tik ) , adj. burning ; 
 hot ; corrosive ; sarcastic ; cutting ; 
 pungent : n. a substance which 
 burns. 
 
 caustic-potash (pot'ash), n. potas- 
 sium hydrate, a white substance act- 
 ing as a powerful cautery, much 
 used in medicine, the arts, and 
 manufactures. 
 
 caustic-soda (so'da), n. sodium hy- 
 drate, a white solid substance, 
 largely used in soap-making. 
 
 caustically (-li), adv. in a caustic 
 manner. 
 
 causticity (kaws-tis'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being caustic. 
 
 cauteraut (kaw'ter-ant), n. a cau- 
 terizing substance. 
 
 cauterization ( kaw-ter-i-za'shun ) , 
 n. the act of cauterizing. 
 
 cauterize (kaw'ter-iz), v.t. to burn 
 or sear with a hot iron, or with 
 cauterants. 
 
 cautery (kaw'ter-i), n. [pi. cauteries 
 (-iz)], a burning or searing; an in- 
 strument or drug used for such a 
 purpose. 
 
 caution (kaw'shun), n. heedfulness ; 
 prudence in regard to danger ; 
 watchfulness ; an admonition ; some- 
 thing to occasion amazement or 
 fear : v.t. to warn. 
 
 cautionary (kaw'shun-a-ri), adj. 
 containing a caution ; given as a 
 pledge or security. 
 
 cautious (kaw'shus), adj. exercising 
 caution ; heedful ; wary ; vigilant ; 
 circumspect. 
 
 cavalcade (kav-al-kad'), n. a train 
 or procession of persons, chiefly on 
 horseback. 
 
 cavalier (kav-a-ler'), n. an armed 
 horseman, especially a knight or 
 gentleman soldier ; a gallant ; a gay 
 military man ; a beau or attendant 
 upon a lady ; a partisan of Charles 
 I. in his struggle with the Parlia- 
 ment ; an elevation for cannon with- 
 in a bastion : adj. gay ; sprightly ; 
 frank ; careless ; haughty ; supercili- 
 ous. 
 
 cavalierly (kav-a-ler'li), adv. in a 
 haughty or supercilious manner. 
 
 cavallard (kav-al-yard'), a drove of 
 horses or mules. 
 
 cavalry (kav'al-ri), n. horse soldiers. 
 
 cavatina ( kav-a-te'na ) , n. a short 
 simple melody. 
 
 cave (kav), n. a hollow place in the 
 earth; a large natural cavity; a 
 den; cavern: v.t. to hollow out. 
 
 cave-bear (-bar), n. a fossil bear 
 belonging to the Quarternary epoch. 
 
 cave-man (-man), n. a man belong- 
 ing to the prehistoric race who 
 inhabited caves. 
 
 caveat (ka've-at), n. a notice filed 
 to stop procedure, except after 
 warning to the caveator; notice of 
 intention to apply for a patent. 
 
 cavern (kav'ern), n. a large natural 
 hollow under the earth; a den; 
 cave. 
 
 cavernous (kav'er-nus), adj. hollow 
 like a cavern; filled with small 
 cavities. 
 
 caviare (kav-i-ar'), or caviar (-i- 
 ar'), n. the roes of certain large 
 fish, especially the sturgeon, salted 
 and dried. 
 
 cavil (kav'il), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cav- 
 iled, p.pr. caviling], to raise cap- 
 tious or frivolous objections ; carp 
 [followed by at] : n. a captious or 
 frivolous objection. 
 
 cavity (kav'i-ti), n. [pi. cavities 
 (-tiz)j, a hollow place or part. 
 
 cavo-rilievo (ka'vo-re-lia-vo), n. a 
 relief in which the highest surface 
 only is level with the plane of the 
 original stone. Also cavo-relievo. 
 
 cavort (ka-vorf), v.i. to prance 
 about, as a horse; to bustle around 
 briskly or eagerly. 
 
 caw (kaw), v.i. to cry like a crow, 
 rook, or raven : n. the cry of the 
 crow, &c. 
 
 cayenne (ki-en' or ka-en'), n. a kind 
 of pepper made from the seeds and 
 fruit of various species of the genus 
 Capsicum. 
 
 cease (ses), v.i. to come to an end; 
 stop; desist [followed by from be- 
 fore a noun] : v.t. to put a stop to ; 
 end. 
 
 cedar (se'dar), n. the name of sev- 
 eral evergreen trees, having wood 
 of great durability and fragrance : 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
oed 
 
 adj. pertaining to, or made of, 
 cedar. 
 
 cede (sed), v.t. give up or surrender. 
 
 cedilla (se-dil'a), n. a mark placed 
 under c to indicate the sound of s, 
 as in French legon. 
 
 ceil (sel), v.t. to overlay or cover the 
 inner surface of a roof ; furnish 
 with a ceiling. 
 
 ceiling (se'ling), n. the inner roof 
 of an apartment. 
 
 celandine (sel'an-din), n. the name 
 of two perennial plants of the pop- 
 py family, the greater celandine and 
 lesser celandine. 
 
 celebrant (sel'e-brant), n. one who 
 celebrates, especially the principal 
 officiating priest in offering mass or 
 celebrating the Eucharist. 
 
 celebrate (sel'e-brat), v.t. to praise, 
 extol, or honor ; commemorate ; dis- 
 tinguish by solemn ceremonies. 
 
 celebration (sel-e-bra'shun), n. the 
 act of celebrating ; an observance or 
 ceremony to celebrate anything. 
 
 celebrity (se-leb'ri-ti), n. [pi. cele- 
 brities (-tiz)], fame; renown; dis- 
 tinction ; a renowned person. 
 
 celerity (se-ler'i-ti), n. rapidity; 
 swiftness. 
 
 celery (sel'e-ri), n. a plant cultivated 
 for a salad and vegetable. 
 
 celeste (se-lesf), n. sky-blue. 
 
 celestial (se-les'tial), adj. of or per- 
 taining to the sky or heavens ; 
 heavenly ; supremely excellent. 
 
 Celestial (se-les'tial), n. an inhabi- 
 tant of heaven ; a native of China. 
 
 Celestial Empire (em'pir), n. 
 China. 
 
 celestially (-li), adv. in a celestial 
 or heavenly manner. 
 
 celibacy (sel'i-ba-si), n. the state of 
 being unmarried ; single life, espe- 
 cially that of a bachelor, or one 
 bound by vows to an unmarried 
 life. 
 
 celibate (sel'i-bat), n. one who is 
 unmarried or practices celibacy : adj. 
 unmarried. 
 
 cell (sel), n. a small room in a mon- 
 astery, convent, or prison ; a small 
 or mean place of residence; a small 
 cavity ; a minute mass of contractile 
 protoplasm forming the structural 
 unit of every organized body; a sin- 
 
 gle element or jar of a galvanic bat- 
 tery ; a small religious house at- 
 tached to a monastery or convent; 
 the interval between the ribs of a 
 vaulted roof. 
 
 cellar (sel'ar), n. a vault for storing 
 provisions, wine, fuel, &c. 
 
 cellarage (sel'er-aj), n. cellars; the 
 space occupied by cellars ; cellars 
 collectively; charge for storage in 
 cellars. 
 
 cello (chel'o), n. [pi. cellos ('oz), 
 Italian celli ('le)], a violoncello. 
 
 cellular (sel'u-lar), adj. formed of 
 cells. 
 
 celluloid (sel'u-loid), n. a. compound 
 of camphor and gun-cotton, resem- 
 bling ivory. 
 
 cellulose (sel'u-los), or celluline 
 (-lin), n. the substance resembling 
 and allied to starch which forms cel- 
 lular plant tissue : adj. containing 
 or composed of cells. 
 
 celt (selt), n. an instrument or 
 weapon of stone or metal, resem- 
 bling a chisel or blade of an axe, 
 found in ancient tumuli. 
 
 Celtic (sel'tik), or Keltic (kel'-), 
 adj. pertaining to the Kelts. 
 
 celticism (sel'ti-sizm), or kelticism 
 (kel'-), n. a Keltic custom or idiom. 
 
 Celtist (sel'tist),or Keltist (kel'-), 
 a student of Keltic antiquities, lan- 
 guages, &c. 
 
 cement (se-ment' or sem'ent), n. any 
 adhesive substance which makes two 
 bodies cohere ; mortar ; a bond of 
 union ; the bony layer which forms 
 the outer substance of the fang of a 
 tooth : v.t. to unite with cement ; 
 unite firmly or closely : v.i. become 
 solid. 
 
 cementation (sem-en-ta'shun), n. 
 the act of cementing; a process for 
 converting iron into steel, glass into 
 porcelain, &c. 
 
 cemetery (sem'e-ter-i), n. [pi. ceme- 
 teries (-iz) ], a public burial ground. 
 
 cenobite (ser'o-bit), n. one of a re- 
 ligious order living in a convent or 
 in community. 
 
 cenotaph, (sen'o-taf), n. an empty 
 tomb, or a monument erected in 
 honor of a person buried elsewhere. 
 
 censer (sen'ser), n. a covered cup- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ten 
 
 cen 
 
 shaped vessel pierced with holes, in 
 which incense is burned ; a thurible. 
 
 censor (sen'ser), n. one of two mag- 
 istrates of ancient Rome who im- 
 posed taxes and regulated the mor- 
 als and manners of the community ; 
 an official appointed to examine 
 books, manuscripts, plays, &c, prior 
 to publication or performance to as- 
 certain there is nothing immoral or 
 offensive in them ; one who censures 
 or blames ; a critic ; at Cambridge 
 University, a collegiate official sim- 
 ilar to a dean. 
 
 censorial ( sen-so'ri-al ) , adj. pertain- 
 ing to a censor ; censorious. 
 
 censorious (sen-so'ri-us), adj. ad- 
 dicted to, or expressing, censure ; 
 carping; critical. 
 
 censurable (sen'shur-a-bl) , adj. 
 blamable. 
 
 censure (sen'shur), n. blame; re- 
 proof; the act of finding fault; a 
 sentence or penalty of an ecclesias- 
 tical court : v.t . to find fault with or 
 condemn ; criticise adversely. 
 
 census (sen'sus), n. a quinquennial 
 registration of the numbers and 
 property of Roman citizens for the 
 purpose of taxation ; in modern us- 
 age, an official enumeration of the in- 
 habitants of a country, with details 
 of sex, age, occupation, &c, taken 
 in the United States decennially. 
 
 cent (sent), n. the l-100th part of a 
 dollar. 
 
 cental (sen'tal), adj. pertaining to or 
 consisting of a hundred : n. a weight 
 for corn = 100 lb. avoirdupois. 
 
 centare (sang-tar'), n. in the metric 
 system, one hundredth part of an 
 are ; one square meter. 
 
 centaur (sen'tawr), n. a fabulous 
 being, half man and half horse. 
 
 centenarian ( sen-te-na'ri-an ) , adj. 
 of, or pertaining to, a centenary or 
 of a person a hundred years old : n. 
 a person of such an age or older. 
 
 centenary ( sen'te-na-ri ) , n. [pi. cen- 
 tenaries (-riz)], the space of a hun- 
 dred years ; the commemoration of 
 the hundredth anniversary of an 
 event : adj. relating to, or consisting 
 of, a hundred; recurring once in a 
 century. 
 
 centennial ( sen-ten'i-al ) , adj. con- 
 
 sisting of, or enduring, a hundred 
 years ; taking place once in a hun- 
 dred years : n. the commemoration 
 of a 100th anniversary. 
 
 centennially (-li), adv. once in a 
 100 years. 
 
 center (sen'ter), n. the middle point 
 of anything ; the nucleus around 
 which things are collected ; a title of 
 the leaders of certain organizations ; 
 the name of certain members of a 
 legislative assembly who hold mod- 
 erate views and occupy a place be- 
 tween the Conservative party on the 
 right, and the Radicals on the left; 
 the circle or square next to the 
 bull's-eye ; a shot which hits such 
 a division ; a conical pin, by which 
 the work is secured and around 
 which it revolves ; troops in a line 
 between the wings ; in a fleet, the 
 column or division between the van 
 and the rear, or between the weath- 
 er division and the lee : v.t. to place 
 on a center ; collect to a point ; to 
 form a recess for the reception of a 
 center : v.i. to be placed in the cen- 
 ter ; meet in one point or focus. 
 
 center-bit (-bit), n. a carpenter's 
 tool turning upon a center for bor- 
 ing holes. 
 
 center-board (bord), n. a keel so 
 constructed that it may be raised 
 within the vessel or lowered at 
 pleasure : it is extensively used by 
 racing craft. 
 
 center of gravity (of grav'i-ti), n. 
 that point of a body through which 
 the resultant of all the forces acting 
 upon it in consequence of the earth's 
 attraction will pass. 
 
 centering (sen'ter-ing), n. the wood- 
 work or timber framing by which 
 vaulted work is supported during 
 construction. 
 
 centesimal (sen-tes'i-mal), adj. hun- 
 dredth : n. a hundredth part. 
 
 centiare (sen'ti-ar, French sang-ti- 
 ar'), n. a centare. 
 
 centigrade (sen'ti-grad), adj. gradu- 
 ated or divided into a hundred de- 
 grees. 
 
 centigram or centigramme (sen '- 
 ti-gram), n. a measure of weight — 
 100th of a gramme (.15432 of a 
 grain troy). 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cen 
 
 cer 
 
 centiliter (sen'ti-le-tr, French 
 sang'-), n. a measure of capacity = 
 the hundredth part of a liter (.6102 
 of an inch). 
 
 centime (sang-tem'), n. a small 
 French coin = the hundredth part 
 of a franc. 
 
 centimeter (sen'ti-me-tr, French 
 sang'-), 11. a measure of length = 
 100th of a meter (.3937 inch). 
 
 centiped (sen'ti-ped), or centipede 
 (-ped), n. the term applied to an 
 articulated animal with numerous 
 feet belonging to the class Myriap- 
 oda, popularly supposed to have a 
 hundred feet, whence the name. 
 
 cento (sen'to), n. [pi. centos ('toz)], 
 a literary or musical composition 
 formed by selections from various 
 authors or composers, and arranged 
 in a new order. 
 
 central ( sen'tral ) , adj. relating to, or 
 situated in, the center. 
 
 centrally (-li), adv. in a central 
 manner. 
 
 centralism (sen'tral-izm),) n. the 
 state or quality of being central ; 
 centralization. 
 
 centrality (sen-tral'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being central. 
 
 centralization ( sen-tral-i-za'shun ) , 
 n. the act of bringing all local ad- 
 ministrations under one central gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 centralize (sen'tral-iz), v.t. to draw 
 or bring to a center ; bring all ad- 
 ministrations under one central gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 centre (sen'ter), n. same as center. 
 
 centric (sen'trik), or centrical 
 (-al), adj. placed in the center; 
 central. 
 
 centricity (sen-tris'i-ti), n. the state 
 of being centric. 
 
 centrifugal ( sen-trif 'u-gal ) , adj. 
 tending or causing to fly off from 
 the center ; radiating from a central 
 focus ; expanding first at the sum- 
 mit and later at the base. 
 
 centrifugally (-li), adv. from the 
 center. 
 
 centrifugence ( sen-trif 'u-jens), n. a 
 tendency to fly off from the center. 
 
 centripetal (sen-trip'e-tal), adj. 
 tending or causing to approach the 
 center : opposed to centrifugal ; ex- 
 
 panding first at the base and then 
 at the summit. 
 
 centripetal rail-way (ral'wa), n. a 
 railway constructed with a single 
 rail to support the carriage, and two 
 side rails to steady it. 
 
 centripetally (-li), adv. in a cen- 
 tripetal manner. 
 
 centnmvir (sen-tum'ver), n. [pi. 
 centum virs (-verz) ; Latin centum- 
 viri ('vi-ri)], one of a body of 105 
 Roman judges, appointed annually 
 to try civil causes. 
 
 centum virate (sen-tum'vi-rat), n. 
 the office of a centumvir, or the cen- 
 tumviri ; a body composed of a hun- 
 dred men. 
 
 centnple (sen'tu-pl), adj. hundred- 
 fold : v.t. to multiply or increase a 
 hundredfold. 
 
 centurion (sen-tu'ri-un), n. a mili- 
 tary officer commanding a hundred 
 men. 
 
 century (-sen'tu-ri), n. [pi. centuries 
 (-riz) ], a hundred ; a hundred years, 
 especially of the Christian era ; a 
 division of the Roman people; a 
 sub-division of a legion. 
 
 century-plant (-plant), n. a name 
 of the American aloe, from the sup- 
 position that it flowered once only 
 in a hundred years. 
 
 cephalalgia (sef-a-lal'ji-a), n. head- 
 ache. 
 
 cephalic (sef'a-lik or se-fal'ik), adj. 
 pertaining to the head; forming the 
 front or forepart of a body or organ. 
 
 cephalitis ( sef-a-H'tis ) , n. inflamma- 
 tion of the brain or its membranes. 
 
 cephalopod (sef'a-lo-pod), adj. of or 
 pertaining to the Cephalopoda : n. a 
 member of the Cephalopoda. 
 
 Cephalopoda (sef-a-lop'o-da), n.pl. 
 the highest class of the Mollusca, 
 having a distinct head with tenta- 
 cles attached. The nautilus and oc- 
 topus belong to this class. 
 
 ceraceous ( se-ra'shus ) , adj. having 
 the texture and color of new wax. 
 
 ceramic (se-ram'ik), or keramic 
 (ke-), adj. of or pertaining to pot- 
 tery or the fictile arts : n.pl. work 
 executed wholly or partly in clay 
 and baked ; the fictile arts. 
 
 cerate (se'rat), n. a thick ointment 
 of wax, &c. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
cer 
 
 ceratin (ser'a-tin), n. horny tissue. 
 
 cer at old (ser'a-toid), adj. horny. 
 
 cerat oplasty ( ser'a-to-plas-ti ) , n. the 
 replacement of the cornea by one 
 taken from an animal. 
 
 cere (ser), n. the naked skin at the 
 base of the bill of many birds, as the 
 parrot. 
 
 cere (ser), v.t. to cover or close with 
 wax. 
 
 cereal (se're-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or producing, wheat or edible grain : 
 n. edible grain. 
 
 cerebellum ( ser-e-bel'um ) , n. [pi. 
 cerebella ('&)], the hinder and low- 
 
 • er part of the brain in vertebrate 
 animals; the little brain. 
 
 cerebral ( ser'e-bral ) , adj. of or per- 
 taining to the brain. 
 
 cerebral hemisphere (hem'is-fer), 
 n. one of the two lateral halves of 
 the cerebrum. 
 
 cerebralism (ser'e-bral-izm), n. the 
 theory that mental operations arise 
 from activity of the brain or cere- 
 brum. 
 
 cerebrate (ser'e-brat), v.t. to have 
 the brain in action. Also cerebrize. 
 
 cerebration (ser-e-bra'shun), n. the 
 conscious or unconscious action of 
 the brain. 
 
 cerebric (ser'e-brik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or derived from, the brain. 
 
 cerebrin ( ser'e-brin ) , n. a name 
 for several nitrogenous substances 
 obtained from brain- and nerve-mat- 
 ter. 
 
 cerebritis (ser-e-bri'tis), n. inflam- 
 mation of cerebrum or brain. 
 
 cerebrum (ser'e-brum), n. [pi. cere- 
 bra (-bra)], the superior and larger 
 part of the brain : the seat of the 
 mind and will. 
 
 cerecloth (ser'kloth), n. a cloth sat- 
 urated wilh wax or some gummy 
 substance, used for wrapping em- 
 balmed bodies in. 
 
 cerement (ser'ment), n. a grave-cloth 
 or shroud : pi. grave-clothes. 
 
 ceremonial ( ser-e-mo'ni-al ) , adj. re- 
 lating to, or performed with, exter- 
 nal rites or ceremonies : n. the pre- 
 scribed order for a ceremony or 
 function. 
 
 ceremonialism (ser-e-mo r ni-al-izm) , 
 
 n. adherence to, or fondness for, 
 ceremonial observance ; ritualism. 
 
 ceremonially (-H), adv. according 
 to rites and ceremonies. 
 
 ceremonious (ser-e-mo'ni-us), adj. 
 full of ceremony ; punctilious of pre- 
 scribed formalities ; according to 
 prescribed form or usage ; fond of 
 using ceremony ; precise. 
 
 ceremony (ser'e-mo-ni), n. [pi. cere- 
 monies (-niz)], a sacred rite or ob- 
 servance ; a prescribed rite or for- 
 mality ; behavior regulated by the 
 laws of strict etiquette. 
 
 ceriph (ser'if), n. one of the fine 
 lines of a printing type, especially a 
 stroke at the bottom or top of a 
 letter. Also serif. 
 
 cerium (se'ri-um), n. a rare metallic 
 element. 
 
 cerography (se-rog'ra-fi), n. the art 
 of writing or engraving on wax ; 
 wax painting ; encaustic painting. 
 
 certain (ser'tin), adj. sure; beyond 
 a doubt ; fixed or stated ; indefinite. 
 
 certainty ( ser'tin-ti ) , n. [pi. certain- 
 ties (-tiz)], full assurance. 
 
 certes (ser'tez), adv. certainly; as- 
 suredly. 
 
 certificate (ser-tif'i-kat), n. a writ- 
 ten testimony to the truth of any 
 fact ; a testimonial as to character 
 or ability ; a statement written and 
 signed and legally authenticated: 
 v.t. to give a certificate to ; to at- 
 test or vouch for by certificate. 
 
 certification ( ser-ti-fi-ka'shun ) , n. 
 the act of certifying. 
 
 certify (ser'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 certified, p.pr. certifying], to testify 
 to or to make known in writing ; as- 
 sure. 
 
 certiorari (ser-shi-o-ra'ri), n. a writ 
 issuing from a superior court call- 
 ing for the records of an inferior 
 court, or to remove a case from a 
 court below. 
 
 certitude ( ser'ti-ttid ) , adj. certainty ; 
 freedom from doubt; assurance. 
 
 certosina-work • (cher-to-se'na- 
 werk), n. a kind of inlaid work of 
 light and dark woods, or ivory and 
 wood. 
 
 cerulean (se-roo'le-an), adj. sky-col- 
 ored. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cha 
 
 cerulin (se'roo-lin), n. an olive-green 
 dye. 
 
 cerumen ( se-roo'men ) , ear-wax. 
 
 ceruse (se'roos), n. white-lead, used 
 as a pigment, and from which a cos- 
 metic is prepared. 
 
 cervical (ser'vi-kal), adj. of or per- 
 taining to the neck. 
 
 cervine (ser'vin),) adj. of, or per- 
 taining to, the deer family ; of a 
 tawny or fawn color. 
 
 cess (ses), v.t. to impose a tax; as- 
 sess : n. a rate or tax, especially 
 the land tax. 
 
 cessation (ses-sa'shun), n. the act of 
 ceasing. 
 
 cession (sesh'un), n. a yielding up, 
 as of territory, property, or rights ; 
 the surrender of a benefice by an 
 incumbent who has accepted another 
 living. 
 
 cessionary (sesh'un-a-ri), adj. a giv- 
 ing or yielding up. 
 
 cesspool (ses'pool), n. a deep hole in 
 the ground, or the well of a drain, 
 for the reception of filth; any foul 
 receptacle. 
 
 cestus (ses'tus), n. [pi. cestus (ses'- 
 tus ) ] , a kind of glove used by an- 
 cient boxers, frequently loaded with 
 lead or iron, and secured by leathern 
 thongs to the hands and arms. 
 
 cetacean (se-ta'shun), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the Cetacea, formerly a group 
 of marine mammalia which in- 
 cluded the whales : n. a whale ; an 
 animal belonging to the order Cete. 
 
 Cete (se'te), n.pl. an order of the 
 mammalia, containing the true 
 whales, dolphins, &c. 
 
 cetic acid (se'tik as'id), n. an acid 
 obtained from spermaceti. 
 
 cetin (se'tin), n. a white waxy sub- 
 stance forming the essential part of 
 spermaceti. 
 
 chafe (chaf), v.t. to make warm by 
 friction ; to wear away or make sore 
 by rubbing ; irritate ; annoy : n. 
 mental irritation caused by contin- 
 ued annoyance ; vexation : v.i. to be 
 worn by friction ; be irritated or an- 
 noyed ; fret. 
 
 chafer (cha'fer), n. the cockchafer. 
 
 chaff (chaf), n. the husk of grain, 
 especially when separated by thresh- 
 
 ing, &c. ; straw or hay cut fine for 
 cattle; anything worthless. 
 
 chaff (chaf), v.t. to banter; make 
 game of : v.i. to use bantering lan- 
 guage : n. banter. 
 
 chaffer (chafer), n. the act of bar- 
 gaining: v.i. to haggle about a pur- 
 chase. 
 
 chaffinch (chaf 'inch), n. a bird, so 
 named from its feeding on grain. 
 
 chaff weed (chaf 'wed), n. a plant al- 
 lied to the pimpernel. 
 
 chaffy (chaf'i), adj. resembling, or 
 full of, chaff; anything light or 
 worthless. 
 
 chafing-dish (-dish), n. a small 
 portable grate for coals ; a vessel to 
 hold live coal to keep meat, &c, hot. 
 
 chagrin (sha-grin' or -gren'), vexa- 
 tion due to disappointment ; ill- 
 humor ; mortification : v.t. to excite 
 vexation in ; mortify. 
 
 chain (chan), n. a connected series 
 of links or rings fitted into one an- 
 other ; a bond ; a measure of 100 
 links = 66 ft. ; the warp threads of 
 a web : v.t. to fasten, secure, or con- 
 nect with a chain ; enslave ; to unite 
 firmly ; fasten. 
 
 chain-gang (-gang), n. a gang of 
 convicts working together in chains. 
 
 chain-mail (-mal), n. flexible armor 
 formed of metal links interwoven. 
 
 chain-stitch (-stich,) n. an orna- 
 mental stitch resembling a chain ; a 
 loop-stitch made by a sewing ma- 
 chine. 
 
 chair (char), n. a movable seat with 
 a back for one person ; an official 
 seat ; a professorship ; the presiding 
 officer of an assembly ; an iron 
 socket fastened to the sleeper which 
 receives and secures railroad metals : 
 v.t. to carry publicly in a chair in 
 triumph ; to install. 
 
 chairman (char'man), n. [pi. chair- 
 men ('men)], the president of an 
 assembly, meeting, public company, 
 &c. 
 
 chaise (shaz), n. a light two- wheeled 
 carriage ; a carriage in general. 
 
 chalcedony (kal'se-do-ni or kal-sed'- 
 o-ni), a cryptocrystalline variety of 
 quartz, resembling diluted milk. 
 Also calcedony. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cha 
 
 cha 
 
 chaldron (chawl'dron), w. a meas- 
 ure for coke = 36 bush. (25% cwt.). 
 chalet (sha-la'), n. a Swiss cottage 
 or herdsman's dwelling ; a small 
 country house built in such style. 
 
 chalice (chal'is), n. a cup ; a Euchar- 
 ist cup. 
 
 chalk (chawk), n. a soft limestone 
 rock composed of carbonate of lime ; 
 prepared chalk for drawing : v.t. to 
 mark, rub, or manure with chalk. 
 
 chalkstone (-ston), n. a chalky con- 
 cretion in the joints. 
 
 chalkiness (chawk'i-nes), n. the 
 
 • state of being chalky. 
 
 chalky (chawk'i), adj. containing, or 
 resembling, chalky 
 
 challenge (chal'enj), n. an invitation 
 to a contest ; a summons to fight ; a 
 duel ; an objection taken to a voter 
 or juror ; ' the demand of a soldier on 
 sentry : v.t. to summons to a con- 
 test ; invite to a duel ; defy ; take 
 exception to. 
 
 challengeable (chal'enj-a-bl), adj. 
 that may be challenged. 
 
 challis (shal'e), n. a light all-wool 
 fabric. 
 
 chalybeate (ka-lib'e-at), adj. im- 
 pregnated with iron. 
 
 chalybite (kal'i-bit), n. native car- 
 bonate of iron ; siderite. 
 
 chamber (cham'ber), n. an apart- 
 ment ; especially a bedroom ; a pri- 
 vate room ; a political or commercial 
 body ; a cavity ; that part of a gun, 
 &c, which contains the charge : pi. 
 a suite of rooms ; a judge's private 
 room : v.t. to inclose ; furnish with 
 a chamber. 
 
 chamberlain (cham'ber'lan), n. an 
 officer who has charge of the private 
 apartments of a sovereign or noble- 
 man ; a male servant who has charge 
 of a suite of rooms ; the treasurer of 
 a city or corporation. 
 
 chameleon (ka-me'le-un), n. an in- 
 sectivorous lizard-like reptile, pos- 
 sessing the power of changing its 
 color. 
 
 chamfer (cham'fer), n. a small fur- 
 row cut in wood or metal ; a bevel : 
 v.t. to groove, channel or flute. 
 
 champ (champ), v.t. to bite with the 
 teeth repeatedly and- impatiently : 
 n. the act of champing. 
 
 champagne (sham-pan'), n. a light 
 
 sparkling effervescent wine. 
 champaign (sham-pan'), n. flat open 
 
 country : adj. level, open. 
 champerty (cham'per-ti), n. the 
 maintenance of a party in a suit on 
 condition that, if successful, the 
 property is to be shared. 
 
 champion (cham'pi-un), n. one who 
 defends the cause of another, by 
 combat or other means ; a hero ; 
 valiant warrior ; a successful com- 
 petitor against all rivals : v.t. to de- 
 fend or support a cause. 
 
 chance (chans), n. an unforeseen 
 event; an accident; a possibility; 
 opportunity ; risk : v.i. to happen ; 
 occur without design or expectation : 
 v.t. to risk (with it). 
 
 chancel (chan'sel), n. that part in a 
 church where the altar stands ; the 
 sanctuary. 
 
 chancellor (chan'sel-er), n. a judge 
 of a court of equity or chancery ; the 
 president or highest official of a uni- 
 versity ; a vicar-general ; the presi- 
 dent of the 'German Federal Coun- 
 cil. 
 
 chance-medley (-med'li), n. justi- 
 fiable homicide in self-defense. 
 
 chancery (chan'ser-i), n. originally 
 in England, next to Parliament, the 
 highest Court of Justice, since 1873 
 a division of the High Court of Jus- 
 tice : a court of Equity. 
 
 chandelier (shan-de-ler'), n. a hang- 
 ing frame with branches for lights. 
 
 chandler (chand'ler), n. a maker or 
 vendor of candles ; a dealer or mer- 
 chant. 
 
 change (chanj), v.t. to alter; sub- 
 stitute ; exchange or give an 
 equivalent for ; render acid or 
 tainted : v.i. undergo change ; suffer 
 alteration ; pass from one place to 
 another ; deteriorate : n. an altera- 
 tion or variation ; a passing from 
 one state or form to another ; vicissi- 
 tude ; small coin ; balance returned 
 after deduction of amount paid. 
 
 changeability (chanj-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 liability to change. 
 
 changeable (chanj'a-bl), adj. fickle. 
 
 changeling (chanj'ling), n. a child 
 left in place of another ; an idiot ; a 
 waverer. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cha 
 
 clia 
 
 channel (chan'el), n. the bed of a 
 
 stream ; a watercourse ; the deepest 
 part of a strait, bay, harbor, &c. ; a 
 wide arm of the sea extending in- 
 land ; a groove ; a medium of con- 
 veyance : pi. planks bolted to the 
 outside of a ship to extend the rig- 
 ging : v.t. to cut into a channel ; 
 groove. 
 
 chant (chant), v.t. to sing; intone: 
 v.i. make melody with the voice ; go 
 in full cry, as hounds : n. a song ; a 
 solemn or monotonous song. 
 
 chanter (chan'ter), n. one who 
 chants ; the drone of a bagpipe ; a 
 horse-coper. 
 
 chanticleer (chan'ti-kier), n. a cock. 
 
 chaos (ka'os), n. the confused matter 
 out of which the universe was 
 formed ; confusion. 
 
 chaotic (ka-ot'ik), adj. resembling 
 chaos. 
 
 chaotically (-al-li), adv. in a chaotic 
 manner. 
 
 chap (chap), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. chapped : 
 p.pr. chapping], to cause to crack or 
 open longitudinally : v.i. to have the 
 skin crack : n. a longitudinal crack 
 or slit. 
 
 chap (chap), n. a fellow. 
 
 chap (chap, or chop), n. one of the 
 jaws or its fleshy covering (usually 
 pi.) ; the mouth of a channel. 
 
 chaparral (chap-a-ral'), n. a dense 
 thicket. 
 
 chap-book (chap'book), n. a small 
 book, usually of fairy tales, ro- 
 mances, &c, formerly hawked about 
 by chapmen. 
 
 chapean (sha'po), n. [pi. chapeaux 
 -poz) ], a hat or head covering. 
 
 chapel (chap 'el), n. a subordinate 
 place of public worship ; a place of 
 worship in a palace, institution, &c. ; 
 a nonconformist place of worship ; 
 an association of journeymen in a 
 printing house. 
 
 chapelry (chap'el-ri), n. [pi. chapel- 
 ries (-riz)], the district legally as- 
 signed to a chapel dependent upon 
 the mother church. 
 
 chaperon (shap'er-on), n. a married 
 lady who accompanies young ladies 
 in public: v.t. to act as a chaperon 
 to. 
 
 chapf alien (chap'faw-len), adj. de- 
 jected. 
 
 chapiter (chap'i-ter), n. the upper 
 part or capital of a pillar. 
 
 chaplain (chap'lin), n. a clergyman 
 who performs service in the army, 
 navy, a public institution, a royal or 
 private household. 
 
 chaplaincy (chap'lin-si), n. the of- 
 fice or status of a chaplain. 
 
 chaplet (chap'let), n. a wreath or 
 garland encircling the head ; a 
 rosary ; a round molding carved 
 into beads, olives, &c. 
 
 chapman (chap'man), n. [pi. chap- 
 men ('men)], formerly a merchant 
 or trader ; a hawker. 
 
 chappie (chap'i), n. familiar for 
 chap. 
 
 chapter (chap'ter), n. a division of a 
 book; the clergy of a cathedral or 
 collegiate church ; a meeting of cer- 
 tain organized societies or orders. 
 
 char (char), n. work by the day; a 
 single job ; a chore : v.i. to work in 
 the house of another by the day ; do 
 odd jobs ; do chores. 
 
 char (char), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. charred, 
 p.pr. charring], burn or reduce to 
 charcoal ; burn partially. 
 
 character (kar'ak-ter), n. a letter, 
 sign, or figure ; distinctive qualities 
 or traits ; moral excellence ; a cer- 
 tificate as to conduct or ability. 
 
 characteristic ( kar-ak-ter-is'tik ) , 
 adj." pertaining to or indicating the 
 character. 
 
 characteristically (-al-li), adv. in a 
 characteristic manner. 
 
 characterization ( kar-ak-ter-i-za'- 
 shun), n. the act of characterizing. 
 
 characterize (kar'ak-ter-iz), v.t, de- 
 scribe by peculiar qualities; mark 
 or distinguish. 
 
 charade (sha-rad'), n. an acted 
 enigma. 
 
 charcoal (char'kol), n. wood par- 
 tially burnt; impure carbon. 
 
 charge ( char j ) , v.t. to rush on or at- 
 tack ; load ; fill up ; impose ; com- 
 mand or enjoin ; instruct ; accuse ; 
 place on the debit side : v.i. to make 
 an attack ; demand a price : n. an 
 onset ; quantity with which a fire- 
 arm or apparatus is charged ; an of- 
 fice or obligation ; an order or com- 
 
 ite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
clia 
 
 cha 
 
 mand ; authoritative instruction or 
 direction ; an entry on the debit side. 
 
 chargeability (char-ja-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being chargeable. 
 
 chargeable ( char'ja-bl ) , adj. liable 
 to be charged ; ratable ; burdensome. 
 
 charge d'affaires ( shar-zha'da-f ar' ) , 
 n. [pi. charges (-shar-zha-) ], a 
 government official who acts for an 
 ambassador in his absence, or at a 
 court to which no ambassador is ac- 
 credited. 
 
 charger (charj'er), n. a cavalry 
 horse ; a large dish. 
 
 .chariot (char'i-ot), n. an ancient 
 two-wheeled car for war, state pro- 
 cessions, racing, &c. ; a four-wheeled 
 pleasure carriage. 
 
 chariotee (char-i-o-te'), n. a light 
 four-wheeled covered pleasure car- 
 riage with two seats. 
 
 charitable (char'i-ta-bl), adj. benev- 
 olent in disposition ; kind and lib- 
 eral. 
 
 charity (char'i-ti), n. [pi. charities 
 (-tiz)], the disposition to think well 
 of others ; liberality ; alms ; univer- 
 sal love ; an institution for the 
 poor ; a gift in trust for a benevo- 
 lent object. 
 
 charivari (shar-i-va'ri), n. a mock 
 serenade of discordant music. 
 
 charlatan (shar'la-tan), n. a quack. 
 
 charlatanism (-izm), n. quackery. 
 
 charlotte russe (shar'lut rus), n. 
 whipped cream enclosed in sponge- 
 cake. 
 
 charm (charm), n. a spell or en- 
 chantment ; an allurement ; a trin- 
 ket : v.t. influence by magic ; sub- 
 due or fascinate ; give exquisite de- 
 light to : v.i. to work by magic 
 powers ; act as a spell. 
 
 charnel (char'nel), adj. containing 
 flesh or dead bodies. 
 
 chart (chart), n. a map of any part 
 of the sea, river, &c, for the use of 
 mariners ; the representation of a 
 ship's course ; a mariner's compass ; 
 a sheet giving information in tabu- 
 lar form : v.t. to lay down, or de- 
 lineate on a chart ; map out : v.i. to 
 make a chart or map. 
 
 charter (char'ter), n. a document be- 
 stowing certain rights and privi- 
 leges : v.t. to charter-party. 
 
 charter-party (-par'ti), n. a writ- 
 ten agreement relating to the hire of 
 a vessel and its cargo : v.t. to let 
 or hire by charter-party. 
 
 chartographer (kar-tog'ra-fer), n. 
 one who prepares charts and maps. 
 
 chartography ( kar-tog'ra-fi ) , n. the 
 art or business of drawing charts or 
 maps. 
 
 Chartreuse (shar-trez'), n. a cele- 
 brated liqueur made by the monks of 
 La Grand Chartreuse, France. 
 
 chary (char'i), adj. cautious; sparing. 
 
 chase (chas), v.t. to pursue; capture 
 or kill ; hunt ; drive away : v.i. to 
 ride or hunt rapidly : n. eager or 
 vehement pursuit; hunting; open 
 ground for preserving deer. 
 
 chase (chas), n. a groove; an iron 
 frame for securing types ; that part 
 of a cannon in front of the trun- 
 nions : v.t. to work or emboss (pre- 
 cious metals) ; cut, as the thread of 
 a screw. 
 
 chasm (kazm), n. a deep gap or open- 
 ing in the earth ; a void space. 
 
 chassepot (shas'po), n. a French 
 breech-loading rifle. 
 
 chasseur (sha-ser'), n. a domestic 
 dressed in military or hunting cos- 
 tume; a French light-armed foot or 
 cavalry soldier. 
 
 chaste (chast), adj. morally pure; 
 modest ; pure in style ; refined. 
 
 chasten (chas'n), v.t. to punish for 
 the purpose of reformation ; purify ; 
 refine. 
 
 chastise (chas-tiz'), v.t. to correct by 
 punishment ; reduce to order or obe- 
 dience. 
 
 chastisement (chas'tiz-ment), n. 
 punishment. 
 
 chastity (chas'ti-ti), n. moral and 
 sexual purity. 
 
 chasuble (chas'u-bl), n. a rich vest- 
 ment worn over the alb by a cele- 
 brating priest. 
 
 chat (chat), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. chatted, 
 p.pr. chatting], to talk in an easy 
 familiar manner : n. familiar or in- 
 formal speech. . 
 
 chateau (sha-to'), n. [pi. chateaux, 
 (-toz')], a castle; a manor house or 
 country seat ; the name of various 
 French wines. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
cha 
 
 et&e 
 
 chatelaine (shat'e-lan), n. a bunch 
 of chains to which are attached trin- 
 kets, &c, worn at the waist by la- 
 dies. 
 
 chattel (chat'el), n. personal prop- 
 erty except freehold (usually in pi.). 
 
 chatter (chafer) , v.i. to utter 
 sounds rapidly, as a monkey ; rattle 
 the teeth, as in shivering or from 
 fright ; talk idly or carelessly ; jab- 
 ber : v.t. to utter rapidly, idly, or 
 indistinctly : n. sounds like those of 
 the magpie, &c. ; idle, rapid talk. 
 
 chatterbox (chat'er-boks), n. an in- 
 cessant talker. 
 
 chattiness (chat'i-nes), n. the qual- 
 ity of being chatty. 
 
 chatty (chat'i), adj. talkative, uncon- 
 ventional. 
 
 chauffeur (sho-fer'), n. an operator 
 of an automobile ; an automobilist : 
 fern, chauffeuse ( sho-f ez' ) . 
 
 chauvinism (sho'vin-izm), n. blind 
 and unreasoning attachment to a 
 fallen cause ; exaggerated political 
 or party fanaticism. 
 
 cheap (chep), adj. purchasable for a 
 low price ; common ; of small value. 
 
 cheapen (chep'en), v.t. to lessen the 
 price of. 
 
 cheat (chet), n. a fraud or decep- 
 tion ; one who cheats : v.t. to deceive 
 or defraud ; impose upon : v.i. to act 
 as a cheat. 
 
 check (chek), n. a restraint; a re- 
 proof ; ^ a pass, ticket, or token ; a 
 term in chess ; cloth woven in 
 squares of alternate patterns ; an 
 order or draft on a bank or banker 
 for money : v.t. to restrain ; stop ; 
 reprove ; examine by comparison ; 
 mark as having been examined ; to 
 place an opponent's king in danger 
 at chess ; mark in small squares. 
 
 checker (chek'er), n. checker-board; 
 one of the squares of a checkered 
 pattern ; piece with which to play 
 
 ' checkers : pi. game played on a 
 checker-board ; draughts : v.t. to 
 mark or decorate with checkers ; 
 variegate. 
 
 checker-board, n. board on which 
 the game of checkers is played. 
 
 checkmate (chek'mat), n. the win- 
 ning move at chess when the oppo- 
 nent's king cannot move out of 
 
 check ; a complete defeat from 
 which there is no escape : v.t. to 
 give checkmate to ; defeat utterly ; 
 thwart. 
 
 cheek (chek), n. the side of the face 
 beneath either eye ; one of two cor- 
 responding sides ; cool impudence : 
 v.t. face in an impudent manner. 
 
 cheep (chep), n. a shrill noise, as 
 that of a young chicken, or a 
 mouse :v.i. to make such a noise. 
 
 cheeper (chep'er), n. a young game 
 bird. 
 
 cheer (cher), n. temper or state of 
 mind ; a state of gladness or joy ; a 
 shout of applause ; tidings ; luck : 
 v.t. to gladden ; encourage ; applaud. 
 
 cheerful (cher'fool), adj. full of good 
 spirits. 
 
 cheerfully (-li), adv. in a cheerful 
 manner. 
 
 cheerily (cher'i-li), adv. heartily. 
 
 cheeriness (cher'i-nes), n. the state 
 of being cheery. 
 
 cherry ( cher'i ) , adj. cheerful ; gay. 
 
 cheese (ches), n. the curd or casein 
 of milk coagulated, pressed and al- 
 lowed to dry in a mold ; anything 
 resembling cheese. 
 
 cheese-cake ('kak), n. a confection 
 of soft curds, butter, and sugar. 
 
 cheese-paring (-par'ing), adj. nig- 
 gardly. 
 
 cheetah (che'ta), n. the hunting 
 leopard of India. Also chetah. 
 
 cheetal (che'tr.l), n. the Indian spot- 
 ted deer. 
 
 chef (shef), n. a head or professional 
 cook. 
 
 chef-d'oeuvre (sha-de'vr), n. [pi. 
 chefs-d'oeuvre (sha-de'vr)], a mas- 
 terpiece. 
 
 Gheiranthus (ki-ran'thus), n. a, ge- 
 nus of plants, which includes the 
 wallflower. 
 
 chemical (kem'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to chemistry : n. a chemical sub- 
 stance. 
 
 chemically (-li), adv. according to 
 chemical principles or operations. 
 
 chemico-electric ( kem-i-ko-e-lek'- 
 trik), adj. depending upon electric 
 activity produced by chemical 
 means. 
 
 chemise (she-mez'), n. a woman's 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
che 
 
 chi 
 
 undergarment ; a wall lining an 
 earthwork. 
 
 chemisette ( shem-i-zet' ) , n. a short 
 chemise worn over the breast. 
 
 chemist (kem'ist), n. one skilled in 
 chemistry ; a dealer in drugs and 
 medicines ; an analyst. 
 
 chemistry (kem'is-tri), n. the sci- 
 ence which treats of the properties 
 of elementary and compound sub- 
 stances and the laws which govern 
 their molecular and atomic rela- 
 tions. 
 
 chenille (she-neT), n. silk or worsted 
 cord. 
 
 cheque (chek), n. an order or draft 
 on a banker or bank, payable to 
 the bearer ; check. 
 
 cherish (cher'ish), v.t. to hold or 
 esteem dear ; treat with tenderness ; 
 protect and aid ; encourage ; harbor 
 in the mind. 
 
 cheroot (she-root'), n. a kind of 
 cigar. 
 
 cherry (cher'i), n. [pi. cherries 
 ('iz)L the fruit of a tree allied to 
 the plum ; a cordial made from cher- 
 ries : adj. of a cherry color ; ruddy. 
 
 cherub (cher'ub), n. [pi. cherubs 
 ('ubz), cherubim ('oo-bim)], an 
 angel next to a seraphim in rank; a 
 beautiful child [pi. cherubs]. 
 
 cherubic (che-roo'bik), adj. angelic. 
 
 chess (ches), n. a game played by 
 two persons with 16 pieces each on 
 a checkered board divided into 64 
 squares. 
 
 chest (chest), n. a large box; the 
 quantity such a box contains; the 
 breast or thorax ; a certain quantity 
 of goods. 
 
 chested (ches'ted), adj. having a 
 chest. 
 
 chestnut (ches'nut), n. the nut or 
 seed of trees of the genus Castanea ; 
 the chestnut-tree with its < edible 
 fruit ; a reddish-brown color ; a 
 horse of such color ; an old or stale 
 joke : adj. reddish-brown. 
 
 cheval-glass (she-val'glas), n. a 
 large swing looking-glass. 
 
 chevalier ( shev-a-ler' ) , n. a knight ; 
 a horseman ; a member or knight of 
 an honorable order ; the lowest title 
 of rank of the old French nobility ; 
 a gallant. 
 
 chevaux-de-f rise (shev-oo-de-frez') , 
 n.pl. a fence constructed of a bar 
 armed with long spikes. 
 
 Cheviot (chev'i-ot), n. a sheep bred 
 on the Cheviot Hills ; a rough cloth 
 made from its wool. 
 
 chevron (shev'ron), n. a term in 
 heraldry ; the badge on the coat 
 sleeve of a non-commissioned offi- 
 cer, indicative of his rank ; a va- 
 riety of fret ornament. 
 
 chew (choo), v.t. to crush and grind 
 with the teeth ; masticate ; meditate 
 upon : v.i. grind tobacco between the 
 teeth : n. that which is chewed ; a 
 quid of tobacco. 
 
 chiaroscuro (ki-ar-os-koo'ro), n. the 
 treatment of light and shade in 
 • painting, drawing, or engraving : 
 adj. pertaining to such treatment. 
 
 chic (shek), adj. stylish: n. Parisian 
 elegance in dress ; manual dexterity. 
 
 chicane (shi-kan'), n. mean or un- 
 fair artifices to obscure the truth ; 
 sophistry. Also chicanery : v.t. to 
 cheat : v.i. use artifices. 
 
 chick (chik), n. the young of a bird, 
 especially of the domestic hen : hence 
 a child. 
 
 chickadee (chik'a-de), n. the Ameri- 
 can black-cap titmouse. 
 
 chicken (chik'en), n. the young of a 
 fowl, especially the domestic fowl. 
 
 chicken-hearted (-hart'ed), adj. 
 timid. 
 
 chicken-pox (-poks), n. a mild erup- 
 tive disease of children ; varicella. 
 
 chick-pea (chik'pe), n. a plant the 
 roasted seed of which forms the 
 pulse of the East. 
 
 chickweed (chik'wed), n. a common 
 wild plant with white blossoms. 
 
 chicory (chik'o-ri), n. a perennial 
 plant with bright blue flowers and 
 a tapering root, which, when roast- 
 ed and ground, is used to mix with 
 coffee. 
 
 chide (chid), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. chid, 
 chode, p.p. chidden, chid, p.pr. chid- 
 ing], to find fault with; scold: v.i. 
 to clamor. 
 
 chidingly (chid'ing-li), adv. in a 
 chiding manner. 
 
 chief (chef), n. a commander or 
 leader ; a head or principal person ; 
 the principal or most important 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
chi 
 
 hi 
 
 part : adj. principal ; most eminent ; 
 of the first order, rank, or estima- 
 tion ; leading ; main. 
 
 chieftain (chef 'tan), n. a captain, 
 leader, or commander ; the head of 
 a class or tribe. 
 
 chiffon (shif'un, French she-fong'), 
 n. a kind of thin gauze fabric. 
 
 chiffonier (shif-O-ner'), n. a piece of 
 furniture fitted with drawers and 
 shelves used as a sideboard ; a rag 
 gatherer. 
 
 chignon (she-nyong'), n. a roll of 
 natural or artificial hair worn by 
 women over a pad at the back of 
 the head. 
 
 chigoe (chig'o), n. a species of West 
 Indian and South American flea 
 which burrows beneath the skin of 
 the feet, and breeding there pro- 
 duces ulcers. Also jigger. 
 
 chikara (chi-ka'ra), n. the four- 
 horned antelope of Bengal. 
 
 chilblain (chil'blan), n. a sore or 
 inflammation caused by frost or 
 cold : v.t. to afflict with chilblains. 
 
 child (child), n. [pi. children (chil'- 
 dren ) ] , a son or daughter ; a very 
 young person ; a descendant ; one 
 immature in judgment. 
 
 childbirth ('berth), n. the act or 
 time of bringing forth a child. 
 
 childe (child), n. a term formerly 
 applied to the scions of knightly 
 houses before their admission into 
 knighthood. 
 
 childhood (child'hood), n. the period 
 from infancy to puberty. 
 
 childish ( 'ish ) , adj. like a child ; 
 puerile. 
 
 children, pi. of child. 
 
 chiliad (kil'i-ad), n. .1,000; a thou- 
 sand years. 
 
 chill (chil), n. a sudden coldness; 
 the absence of heat in a substance; 
 the hardened part of a casting : adj. 
 having the sensation of cold ; de- 
 pressing ; discourteous : v.t. to make 
 cold ; blast with cold ; deject ; 
 harden cast iron by sudden cooling. 
 
 chilli (chil'i), n. [pi. chillies (-iz)], 
 the dried pod of a capsicum. Also 
 chile, chili. 
 
 chiloplasty (ki'lo-plas-ti), n. the 
 transplantation of healthy skin to a 
 diseased lip. 
 
 chimera (ki-me'ra), n. an incon- 
 gruous conception of the fancy ; a 
 cartilaginous fish of remarkable ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 chime (chlm), n. the musical har- 
 mony produced by striking a set of 
 bells with hammers ; a set of bells 
 tuned to the musical scale and 
 struck with hammers : v.i. to sound 
 in consonance or harmony ; be in 
 harmony or agree with ; join in : 
 v.t. to cause to sound in harmony. 
 
 chimerical (ki-mer'ik-al), adj. mere- 
 ly imaginary ; fantastic ; unreal. 
 
 chimerically (-li), adv. in a chimer- 
 ical manner. 
 
 chimney (chim'ni), n. [pi. chimneys 
 ('niz)], the flue, vent, or passage 
 through which smoke or heated air, 
 &c, escapes ; a glass tube for a 
 lamp to intensify combustion. 
 
 chimpanzee (chim-pan'ze), a large 
 West Indian anthropoid ape allied 
 to the gorilla. 
 
 chin (chin), n. the part of the face 
 below the under lip. 
 
 china (chl'na), n. a fine kind of 
 porcelain : adj. of, or from, China ; 
 of, or made of, china. 
 
 chinch (chinch), n. a fetid insect 
 destructive to corn crops; the bed- 
 bug. 
 
 chinchilla (chin-chil'a), n. a. small 
 South American rodent with a soft 
 fine fur. 
 
 chine (chin), n. the backbone or 
 spine of an animal; a piece of the 
 backbone of an animal with adja- 
 cent parts cut for cooking; a rocky 
 ravine or large fissure in a cliff. 
 
 Chinese (chi-nez'), adj. of, or per- 
 taining to, China. 
 
 chink (chingk), n. a small fissure 
 opening lengthwise; a narrow aper- 
 ture : v.i. to crack ; to form into or 
 close up cracks. 
 
 chink (chingk), n. a sharp metallic 
 or jingling sound; money: v.t. to 
 cause to make a sharp metallic 
 sound; jingle. 
 
 chinkapin (ching'ka-pin), n. the 
 dwarf chestnut of the United States, 
 or its nut. 
 
 chins e (chins), v.t. to force oakum 
 or tow in (the chinks or seams be- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 D.13. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
eld 
 
 cho 
 
 tween the planking of a ship) ; calk 
 temporarily. 
 
 chintz (chints), n. cotton cloth, 
 usually glazed, printed in various 
 colors. 
 
 chip (chip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. chipped, 
 p.pr. chipping], to cut into small 
 pieces ; bet at cards : v.i. break or 
 fly off into small pieces : n. a small 
 piece of stone, wood, &c. cut or 
 broken off ; a bonnet, &c, made of 
 thin split wood or 'Cuban palm leaf. 
 
 chipmunk (chip'mungk), n. a small 
 
 • squirrel of North America, having 
 dark and light stripes on its back. 
 
 chipper (chip'er), adj. active; pert. 
 
 chirography (ki-rog'ra-fi), n. the 
 art of writing or engrossing ; judg- 
 ment of character by the hand- 
 writing. 
 
 chiromancy (ki'ro-man-si), n. palm- 
 istry. 
 
 chiropodist (ki-rop'o-dist), n. one 
 who removes corns, bunions, &c, 
 and is skilled in diseases of the feet 
 and hands. 
 
 chirp (cherp), n. a short shrill cheer- 
 ful note : v.i. to utter such a note. 
 
 chisel (chiz'el), n. an edged instru- 
 ment of iron or steel for cutting 
 wood, stone, or metal : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. chiseled, p.pr. chiseling], to cut, 
 pare, gouge, or engrave with a chis- 
 el ; to take an unfair advantage of 
 in a transaction. 
 
 chit (chit), n. a child; a pert for- 
 ward girl. 
 
 chit-chat (-chat), n. familiar talk. 
 
 chivalresque (shiv-al-resk'), adj. of, 
 or pertaining to, chivalry; chival- 
 rous. 
 
 chivalrous (shiv'al-rus), adj. relat- 
 ing to chivalry ; warlike ; high- 
 spirited ; gallant. 
 
 chivalry (shiv'al-ri), n. the mediae- 
 val system of knighthood ; knights 
 collectively : the qualifications of a 
 knight, as bravery, nobleness, 
 courtesy, respect for womanly dig- 
 nity and chastity, &c. ; tenure of 
 land by knight's service. 
 
 chloral (klo'ral), n. a strong nar- 
 cotic. 
 
 chloralism (klo'ral-izm), n. the habit 
 of using chloral ; a diseased condi- 
 tion caused by the use of chloral. 
 
 choralize (klo'ral-iz), v.t. to bring 
 under the influence of chloral. 
 
 chloraluxn (klo'ral-um), n. an anti- 
 septic. 
 
 chlorate (klo'rat), n. a salt of chlo- 
 ric acid. 
 
 chloric (klo-rik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or containing, chlorine. 
 
 chloric acid (as'id), n. an acid con- 
 taining hydrogen, oxygen, and chlo- 
 rine. 
 
 chloride (klo'rid), n. a compound of 
 chlorine with another element. 
 
 chloride of lime (of lim), n. a com- 
 pound of chloride with lime, used 
 in bleaching. 
 
 chlorine (klo'rin), n. a greenish- 
 yellow gas possessing great bleach- 
 ing powers. 
 
 chlorodyne (klo'ro-din), n. a popu- 
 lar anodyne. 
 
 chloroform (klo'ro-form), n. a vola- 
 tile liquid used for producing in- 
 sensibility to pain: v.t. to adminis- 
 ter chloroform to. 
 
 chlorophyll (klo'ro-fil), n. the green 
 coloring matter in plants. 
 
 chlorosis (klo-ro'sis), n. a disease 
 affecting young women, character- 
 ized by anemia. 
 
 chocolate (chok'o-lat), n. a paste 
 made from the roasted kernels of 
 the cacao-nut, used in making the 
 beverage so called : adj. having the 
 color of, or made of, chocolate. 
 
 choice (chois), n. the act of choos- 
 ing; option; the thing chosen; the 
 best or preferable part : adj. select ; 
 carefully , chosen. 
 
 choir (kwir), n. a band of singers in 
 a church ; the place where they 
 sing. 
 
 choke (chok), v.t. to suffocate by 
 obstructing the windpipe ; block up. 
 
 choke-damp (-damp), n. carbonic 
 acid generated in mines. 
 
 choker (cho'ker), n. one who, or 
 that which, chokes ; a necktie. 
 
 choler (ko'ler), n. bile; irascibility. 
 
 cholera (kol'er-a), n. a disease with 
 violent vomiting and purging. 
 
 choose (chooz), v.t. [p.t. chose, p.p. 
 chosen, p.pr. choosing], to take by 
 preference ; select : v.i. to make a 
 choice ; prefer. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
olio 
 
 chr 
 
 chop (chop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. chopped, 
 p.pr. chopping], to cut with re- 
 peated blows ; hew ; mince ; to ex- 
 change : v.i. to do anything with a 
 quick motion ; turn or vary sud- 
 denly : n. the act of chopping ; a 
 piece chopped off. 
 
 chop (chop), n. a mark or brand de- 
 noting quality. 
 
 chops (chops), n.pl. the sides of the 
 mouth of a river, channel, &c. 
 
 chopsticks (chop'stiks), n.pl. two 
 small sticks used in China for eat- 
 ing. 
 
 choral (ko'ral), adj. of, or pertain- 
 ing to, a choir ; chanted or sung by 
 a choir. 
 
 chorale (ko'ral), n. a simple sacred 
 melody or hymn sung in unison. 
 
 chorally (-li), adv. in the manner of 
 a chorus. 
 
 chord (kOrd), n. the string of a 
 musical instrument ; notes in har- 
 mony ; harmony of color ; a straight 
 line joining the ends of the arc of a 
 circle : v.t. to string, as a musical 
 instrument. 
 
 chores (ch5rz), n.pl. the daily light 
 work of a farmyard or household. 
 
 chorister (kor'is-ter), n. a member 
 of a choir. 
 
 chortle (chor'tr), v.t. to chuckle and 
 snort. 
 
 chorus (ko'rus), n. a number singing 
 in concert ; a concerted piece of 
 music ; a band of singers and danc- 
 ers in a Greek tragedy. 
 
 chosen (cho'zen), adj. selected; 
 choice. 
 
 chough (chuf), n. a bird like a jack- 
 daw. 
 
 chouse (chous), v.t. to cheat; 
 swindle. 
 
 chow-chow (chou'chou), adj. an 
 East Indian mixed pickle. 
 
 chowder (chou'der), n. a dish of 
 fresh fish ; clams stewed together 
 with pork and biscuits, &c. 
 
 chrism (krizm), n. consecrated oil. 
 
 christen (kris'n), v.t. to baptize in 
 the name of the Holy Trinity; give 
 a Christian name to. 
 
 Christendom (kris'n-dum), n. coun- 
 tries whose inhabitants profess the 
 Christian faith ; Christians collec- 
 tively. 
 
 Christian (kris'chan), _n. a profes- 
 sor of the religion of Christ : adj. 
 professing the religion of Christ. 
 
 Christian era (e'ra), n. the present 
 era reckoned from the birth of 
 Christ. 
 
 Christianity (kris-chi-an'i-ti), n. 
 the precepts and doctrines taught 
 by Christ. 
 
 Christianization (kris-chan-iz - a '- 
 shun), n. the act or process of con- 
 verting to Christianity. 
 
 Christianize (kris'chan-iz), v.t. to 
 convert to Christianity. 
 
 Christmas (kris'mas), n. the festival 
 (Dec. 25) celebrating the birth of 
 Christ. 
 
 Christmastide (-tid), n. Christmas 
 Eve (Dec. 24) to Epiphany (Jan. 
 6). 
 
 chromascope (kro'ma-skop), n. an 
 instrument to show the optical ef- 
 fects of color. 
 
 chr ornate (kro'mat), n. a salt of 
 chromic acid. 
 
 chromatic (kro-mat'ik), adj. relat- 
 ing to colors; including notes not 
 belonging to the diatonic scale : n. 
 a note affected by an accidental ; ,pl. 
 that branch of optics which, treats 
 of colors. 
 
 chromatically (-al-li), adv. in a 
 chromatic manner. 
 
 chr omatometer ( kro-ma-tom'e-ter ) , 
 n. a scale for measuring colors. 
 
 chromatrope (kro'ma-trop), n. a 
 revolving magic-lantern slide. 
 
 chromatype (kro'ma-tip), n. a proc- 
 ess for obtaining a colored photo- 
 graphic picture. 
 
 chrome (kr6m), n. chromium: v.t. 
 to dye in a bath of bichromate of 
 potash. 
 
 chromium (kro'mi-um), n. a steel- 
 gray metal, one of the elements. 
 
 chromo (kro'mo), n. [pi. chromos 
 ('moz)], a chromo-lithograph or pic- 
 ture produced by chromo-lithog- 
 raphy. 
 
 chromogen (kro'mo-jen), n. the col- 
 oring matter of plants. 
 
 chromograph (kro'mo-graf), n. an 
 apparatus for duplicating circulars, 
 oil-paintings, &c. ; a hectograph. 
 
 chromolithic (kro-mo-lith'ik), adj. 
 executed in chromo-lithography. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, thou. 
 
chr 
 
 chu 
 
 chromo-lithography (kro-mo-lith- 
 og'ra-fi), n. the art of printing in 
 colors from stone. 
 
 chromosphere (kro'mo-sfer), n. the 
 rose-colored outer envelope of the 
 sun. 
 
 chronic (kron'ik), adj. continuing a 
 long time, or recurring: said of a 
 disease. 
 
 chronically (-al-li), adv. in a chron- 
 ic manner. 
 
 chronogram ( kron'o-gram ) , n. an 
 inscription which includes in it the 
 date of some event. 
 
 chronograph (kron'o-graf ), n. an 
 instrument for recording minute in- 
 tervals of time. 
 
 chronological ( kron - o-loj'i-kal ) , 
 adj. relating to, or containing an ac- 
 count of, past events in the order 
 of time. 
 
 chronologically (-H), adv. in a 
 chronological manner. 
 
 chronologist (kro-nol'o-jist), n. one 
 versed in chronology. Also chronol- 
 oger. 
 
 chronologize (kro-nol'o-jiz), v.t. to 
 arrange in historical sequence. 
 
 chronology ('o-ji), n. [pi. chronol- 
 ogies (-jiz)], the science that treats 
 of events and arranges their dates 
 in proper sequence. 
 
 chronometer (kro-nom'e-ter), n. an 
 instrument for measuring time with 
 extreme accuracy. 
 
 chronopher (kron'6-fer), n. an in- 
 strument for signaling by electricity 
 the exact time to distant stations. 
 
 chronoscope (kron'o-skop), n. an 
 instrument for measuring by elec- 
 tricity the velocity of a projectile. 
 
 chrysalis (kris'a-lis), n. the final 
 stage through which a lepidopterous 
 insect, or a butterfly, passes prior 
 to its winged state. 
 
 chrysanthemum (kris-an'the-mum) , 
 n. a composite plant with large 
 heads of showy flowers ; a flower of 
 this plant. 
 
 chrysolite (kris'o-lit), n. a green- 
 colored and sometimes transparent 
 gem. 
 
 chrysoprase (kris'o-praz), n. a va- 
 riety of chalcedony of apple-green 
 color. 
 
 chub (chub), n. a fresh-water fish. 
 
 chubbiness (chub'i-nes), «. plump- 
 ness. 
 
 chubby (chub'i), adj. plump; fat 
 and round. 
 
 chuck (chuk), v.t. to make a noise 
 like a hen calling to her chickens : n. 
 a hen's call. 
 
 chuck (chuk), v.t. to pat in a play- 
 ful manner ; throw smartly to a 
 short distance ; hold in a chuck : n. 
 a light blow under the chin ; a short 
 toss ; an appendage to a lathe to 
 secure the work to be turned. 
 
 chuckle (chuk'l), n. a quiet, sup- 
 pressed laugh : v.i. to laugh in such 
 a manner. 
 
 chum (chum), n. one who lodges in 
 the same apartment ; a college stu- 
 dent ; an old or intimate friend : v.i. 
 [p.t. & p.p. chummed ; p.pr. chum- 
 ming], to occupy the same room. 
 
 chump (chump), n. a short, thick, 
 heavy piece of wood. 
 
 chunk (chungk), n. a short, thick 
 piece ; a thick-set strong person or 
 animal. 
 
 chunky (chung'ki), adj. short and 
 thick. 
 
 church (cherch), n. a building set 
 apart or consecrated for divine wor- 
 ship. 
 
 Church (cherch), n. the collective 
 body of Christians ; a particular 
 body of Christians ; the clergy. 
 
 Churchman (-man), n. an adherent 
 of the Established Church ; an Epis- 
 copalian. 
 
 churchwarden ('wawr-dn), n. in 
 the Anglican Church, one of two 
 officers chosen at Easter in every 
 parish to attend to the secular af- 
 fairs of the church, and to act as 
 the legal representatives of the 
 parish ; a long clay pipe. 
 
 churl (cherl), n. formerly one of the 
 lowest orders of freemen ; a peasant ; 
 a surly ill-bred person ; a niggard. 
 
 churlish ('ish), adj. ill-bred; nig- 
 gardly. 
 
 churn (chern), n. a vessel in which 
 milk or cream is agitated to form 
 butter : v.t. to make (butter) by agi- 
 tating milk or cream; agitate by 
 violent motion. 
 
 chute (shoot), n. an inclined trough 
 for sending articles down ; an aquat- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
chy 
 
 cir 
 
 ic switch-back ; a river-fall over 
 which timber is floated ; a stam- 
 pede ; a bayou. 
 chyle (kil), n. a milk-like fluid sepa- 
 rated from digested matter in the 
 stomach, absorbed by the lacteal 
 vessels, and assimilated into blood, 
 chyme (kirn), n. the pulpy mass of 
 digested food prior to the separa- 
 tion of the chyle. 
 cicada (si-ka'da), n. [pi. cicadse 
 ('de)], a genus of insects having 
 the power of producing a shrill 
 sound. 
 cicatrix (sik'a-triks), n. [pi. cica- 
 trices (-trl-sez)], the scar remain- 
 ing after a wound has healed. 
 cicatrize (sik'a-triz), v.t. to heal (a 
 wound) by inducing the skin to 
 form a cicatrix. 
 cicerone (sis-e-ro'ne ; Italian che-cha- 
 ro'ne), n. [pi. cicerones (-nez), cice- 
 roni ('ne)L a guide who explains 
 the antiquities and chief features 
 of a place. 
 Cid (sid), n. a chief or commander, 
 especially in Spanish literature; the 
 hero, Ruy Diaz, the Christian cham- 
 pion against the Moors ; the name 
 ^of a Spanish epic. 
 cider (si'der), n. the juice of apples 
 
 expressed and fermented. 
 ci devant ( se-de-vang' ) , adj. former : 
 used with reference to an office pre- 
 viously held. 
 cierge (serg), n. a wax candle used 
 
 in religious processions. 
 cigar (si-gar'), n. a small roll of to- 
 bacco-leaf used for smoking. 
 cigarette (sig-a-ret'), n. a small ci- 
 gar made of tobacco rolled in thin 
 paper. 
 cilia (sil'i-a), n.pl. the hair of the 
 eyelids ; long minute hair-like ap- 
 pendages on the margins of vege- 
 table bodies ; the very minute vibra- 
 tile filaments lining or covering 
 certain organs. 
 ciliated (sil'i-a-ted), adj. covered 
 
 with cilia. 
 Cimmerian (kim- or sim-e'ri-an ) , 
 adj. pertaining to the Cimmerii, a 
 fabulous people mentioned by Homer 
 as living in perpetual darkness : 
 hence intensely dark ; gloomy. 
 cinch (sinch), n. a saddle girth firm- 
 
 ly fastened in place by loop and 
 knots ; a sure grip or hold. 
 cinchona (sin-ko'na), n. a South 
 American tree which yields quinine. 
 
 cinchonism (sin'ko-nizm), n. a con- 
 dition of the system characterized 
 by buzzing in the ears, deafness, 
 &c, caused by the excessive use of 
 quinine. 
 
 cincture (singk'tur), n. a belt or 
 girdle worn round the waist; a 
 raised or carved ring at the bottom 
 and top of a pillar. 
 
 cinder (sin'der), n. any piece of a 
 body thoroughly burnt but not re- 
 duced to ashes : pi. volcanic scoriae ; 
 slag. 
 
 cinematograph ( sin-e-mat'o-graf ) , 
 n. a French device similar to the 
 biograph. 
 
 cinerary (sin'e-ra-ri), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or containing, ashes : applied 
 to sepulchral urns. 
 
 cinnabar (sin'a-bar), n. red sulphide 
 of mercury. 
 
 cinnamon (sin'a-mun), n. the inner 
 aromatic bark of an East Indian 
 tree : adj. light-reddish brown. 
 
 cinque (singk), n. a five. 
 
 cinque-foil (-foil), n. a plant of the 
 genus Potentilla ; five fingers ; an 
 architectural ornamentation resem- 
 bling five leaves. 
 
 cipher (sl'fer), n. the symbol 0: 
 hence a person or anything without 
 value or power ; a monogram ; a 
 secret manner of writing, or the key 
 to it ; a code : v.i. to practice arith- 
 metic ; to sound independently of the 
 player : v.t. to express in cipher. 
 
 circle (ser'kl), n. a round body; a 
 plane figure bounded by a single 
 curved line called its circumference, 
 every part of which is equally dis- 
 tant from a point within it, called 
 the center ; an orb ; an enclosure ; a 
 sphere or position in society ; a 
 number of persons or things united 
 by a common bond ; a coterie ; an 
 administrative division of a coun- 
 try ; an inconclusive form of argu- 
 ment : v.t. to encompass : v.i. move 
 in a circle ; to revolve. 
 
 circlet (serklet), n. a small circle. 
 
 circuit (ser'ket), n. the act of going 
 round anything ; the space enclosed 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cir 
 
 cir 
 
 in a circle; the journey of a judge 
 from one place to another to hold 
 assizes ; a district assigned to an 
 itinerant preacher ; the arrange- 
 ment by which an electrical current 
 is kept lip between the two poles of 
 a battery or machine ; the path of 
 the electric current. 
 
 circuitous (ser-ku'i-tus), adj. round- 
 about. 
 
 circular (ser'kii-lar), adj. round like 
 a circle ; ending in itself ; intended 
 for circulation : n. a printed or 
 written letter or notice. 
 
 circularize (ser'ku-lar-iz), v.t. to 
 make circular ; send circulars to. 
 
 circulate (ser'ku-lat), v.t. to cause 
 to pass from point to point or from 
 one person to another : v.i. move 
 round and return to the same point ; 
 pass from hand to hand ; be diffused 
 or distributed ; travel. 
 
 circulation (ser-kii-la'shun), n. the 
 act of moving round ; passing or 
 transmitting from place to place ; 
 the extent to which a thing is cir- 
 culated ; currencv of money. 
 
 circulator (ser'ku-la-ter), n. a cir- 
 culating decimal. 
 
 circulatory (ser'kti-la-to-ri), adj. 
 circulating. 
 
 cir cum (ser'kum), a prefix = 
 around, forming compounds the 
 meaning of many, of which is ob- 
 vious, as circwmpolar, around the 
 pole, &c. 
 
 circumambient ( ser - kum - am'bi- 
 ent), adj. inclosing, or being sur- 
 rounded, on all sides. 
 
 circumcise (ser'kum-siz), v.t. to cut 
 off the foreskin or prepuce; purify 
 the heart. 
 
 circumcision (ser'kum-sizh-un), n. 
 the act of circumcising; spiritual 
 purification. 
 
 circumference (ser-kum'fer-ens), n. 
 the line that bounds a circle ; a pe- 
 riphery. 
 
 circumferential ( ser-kum-f er-en'- 
 shal), adj. pertaining to the circum- 
 ference. 
 
 circumferentially (-li), adj. in a 
 circumferential manner. 
 
 circumflect (ser-kum-flekf), v.t. to 
 bend around. 
 
 circumflection, n. Same as circum- 
 flexion. 
 
 circumflex (ser'kum-fleks)-, n. a mark 
 C ~ **) over a vowel or syllable 
 to denote accent or contraction : 
 adj. marked with such an accent ; 
 curved or winding : v.t. to pro- 
 nounce or mark with the circum- 
 # flex. 
 
 circumflexion ( ser-kum-flek'shun ) , 
 n. the act of marking with a cir- 
 cumflex. 
 
 circumfuse ( ser-kum-f uz'), v.t. to 
 pour or spread around. 
 
 circumjacent (ser-kum-ja'sent) ,adj. 
 lying around ; bordering on every 
 side. 
 
 circumlocution (ser - kum - lo-kii'- 
 shun), n. a roundabout way of 
 speaking ; an indirect mode of state- 
 ment. 
 
 circumlocutionary (-a-ri), adj. 
 roundabout. 
 
 circumlocutory ( ser-kum-lok'u-to- 
 ri), adj. expressing few words in 
 many. 
 
 circumnavigable ( ser-kum-nav'i- 
 ga-bl), adj. capable of being circum- 
 navigated. 
 
 circumnavigate ( ser - kum - nav'i- 
 gat), v.t. to sail round: usually the 
 globe. 
 
 circumnavigator (ser-kum-nav'i- 
 ga-ter), n. one who circumnavigates. 
 
 circumscribe ( ser-kum-skrlb' ) , v.t. 
 to inclose within certain lines or 
 boundaries ; restrict. 
 
 circumscriptive (-skrip'tiv), adj. 
 limiting. 
 
 circumspect (ser'kum-spekt), adj. 
 cautious ; prudent ; watchful on all 
 sides. 
 
 circumspection (ser - kum - spek'- 
 shun), n. caution; watchfulness on 
 every side ; prudence. 
 
 circumstance (ser'kum-stans), n. 
 something relative or appendent to 
 a fact ; an incident : pi. state of af- 
 fairs : v.t. to place, in a particular 
 situation [only in p.p.~\. 
 
 circumstantial ( ser-kum-stan'shal ) , 
 n. something incidental and sub- 
 ordinate to the main subject : pi. 
 incidentals : adj. accidental ; de- 
 tailed ; proving indirectly. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cir 
 
 cla 
 
 circumstantiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. 
 the state of being circumstantial ; 
 fullness of detail. 
 
 circumstantially (-li), adv. in- 
 cidentally ; not essentially ; minute- 
 ly; exactly. 
 
 circumstantiate ( ser-kum-stan'shi- 
 at), v.t. to verify in every particu- 
 lar. 
 
 cir c -urn valla t i on ( ser - kum - val - a'- 
 shun), n. the act of throwing up 
 walls or fortifications. 
 
 circumvent (ser-kum-vent'), n. to 
 gain an advantage over by strata- 
 gem or deception. 
 
 circumvention (-ven'shun), n. the 
 act of circumventing ; a stratagem. 
 
 circumventive ('tiv), adj. deceiv- 
 ing by artifice. 
 
 circumvolution (ser - kum - vo-lu'- 
 shun), n. the act of rolling round; 
 the state of being rolled round. 
 
 circus (ser'kus), n. [pi. circuses 
 (-ez)], a large level oblong space 
 for feats of horsemanship, &c, with 
 seats for the spectators arranged 
 in tiers ; a semi-circular space. 
 
 cisalpine (sis-arpin), adj. this side 
 of the Alps with regard to Rome ; 
 south of the Alps. 
 
 cisatlantic (sis-at-lan'tik), adj. on 
 this side of the Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 cistern ( sis'tern ) , n. a natural or ar- 
 tificial receptacle for storing water ; 
 a reservoir. 
 
 citadel (sit'a-del), n. a fortress; a 
 being cited. 
 
 citadel (sit'a-del), n. a fortress, a 
 castle. 
 
 citation (si-ta'shun), n. an official 
 summons to appear before a court, 
 especially an ecclesiastical court ; a 
 quotation. 
 
 citatory ( si'ta-to-ri ) , adj. having the 
 form or nature of a citation ; citing. 
 
 cite (sit), v.t. to summon officially to 
 appear in court ; quote. 
 
 cithara (sith'a-ra), n. an ancient 
 lyre. 
 
 citizen (sit'i-zen), n. a native or in- 
 habitant of a town or city ; a free- 
 man ; a member of a state or na- 
 tion who enjoys political rights and 
 privileges ; a tradesman. 
 
 citrate (sit'rat), n. a salt of citric 
 acid. 
 
 citric aeid (sit'rik as'id), n. an acid 
 found in the lemon and orange. 
 
 citron (sit'run), n. a tree with a 
 fruit like the lemon. 
 
 city (sit'i), n. [pi. cities ('iz)L a 
 large and important town ; a corpo- 
 ' rate town. 
 
 civet (siv'et), n. a musky secretion 
 of the anal glands of the civet cat. 
 
 civic (siv'ik), adj. pertaining to a 
 city. 
 
 civil (siv'il), adj. relating to the af- 
 fairs of a city or government ; in- 
 testine ; non-international ; not mili- 
 tary or criminal ; complaisant ; well- 
 bred. 
 
 civil service (ser 'vis), n. the paid 
 service of the State not exclusively 
 naval or military. 
 
 civil war (wawr), n. war between 
 two factions of the same country. 
 
 civilian (si-vil'yan), n. one engaged 
 in the pursuits of civil life : adj. oc- 
 cupied in civil pursuits. 
 
 civility (si-vil'i-ti), n. [pi. civilities 
 (-tiz)], good breeding ; courtesy. 
 
 civilization ( siv-i-1 i-za'shun ) , n. 
 the act or state of being civilized ; 
 culture ; refinement. 
 
 civilize (siv'i-liz), v.t. to reclaim 
 from a savage state ; instruct in the 
 arts and refinements of civilized 
 life. 
 
 civilly (siv'il-li), adv. in a civil man- 
 ner. 
 
 clack (klak), v.i. to make a sudden, 
 sharp sound ; chatter rapidly and 
 continuously : n. a sudden, sharp 
 sound ; continual prattle ; a variety 
 of ball-valve ; a mechanical contri- 
 vance in a corn-mill. 
 
 clad, p.t. of clothe. 
 
 claim (klam), v.t. to demand as a 
 right, or by authority : v.i. to be 
 entitled to anything ; assert or put 
 forward a claim : n. a demand ; a 
 right or title to anything ; the thing 
 claimed ; a piece of land which a 
 miner marks out in accordance with 
 mining law. 
 
 claimant (kla/mant), n. one who 
 demands anything as his right. 
 
 clairaudience (klar-aw'di-ens), n. 
 the supposed power of hearing in a 
 trance sounds otherwise inaudible. 
 
 clairvoyance (klar-voi'ans), n. the 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
da 
 
 da 
 
 power attributed to persons in a 
 mesmeric state of seeing objects not 
 usually perceptible. 
 
 clairvoyant ('ant), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characterized by, clairvoy- 
 ance : n. one who professes to have 
 the power of clairvoyance: fern. 
 clairvoyarite. 
 
 dam. (klam), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. clam- 
 med, p.pr. clamming], to clog with 
 any glutinous matter : v.i. to be 
 moist and cold. 
 
 dam (klam), n. an edible bivalve 
 mollusk. 
 
 dam-bake (-bak), n. clams baked 
 ' with sea- weed ; a picnic at which 
 baked clams form the chief dish. 
 
 clamber (klam'ber), v.t. to ascend 
 or climb with difficulty. 
 
 clammily (-li), adv. in a clammy 
 manner. 
 
 clamminess (klam'i-nes), n. the 
 state of being clammy. 
 
 clammy (klam'i), adj. soft and 
 sticky. 
 
 clamor (klam'er), n. a loud and con- 
 tinued noise ; popular outcry : v.t. 
 shout with a loud voice: v.i. make 
 importunate demands. 
 
 clamorous (klam'er-us), adj. vocif- 
 erous. 
 
 clamp (klamp), n. anything that 
 fastens or binds ; a piece of wood, 
 metal, &c, used to bring two things 
 together : v.t. to fasten or bind with 
 clamps. 
 
 clan (klan), n. a tribe or association 
 of families united under one chief- 
 tain, having one common ancestor, 
 and the same surname. 
 
 clandestine (-des'tin), adj. secret; 
 private. 
 
 clandestinely (-li), adv. in a secret 
 manner. 
 
 clang (klang), n. a loud, sharp, ring- 
 ing metallic sound : v.t. to cause to 
 resound with a clang : v.i. give out a 
 clang. 
 
 clangor ('ger), n. a sharp clang. 
 
 clank (klangk), n. a sharp, hard 
 metallic sound: v.t. & v.i. to rattle 
 and sound, as 'chains. 
 
 clannish (klan'ish), adj. pertaining 
 to a clan ; closely adherent. 
 
 clap (klap), v.t. & v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 clapped, p.pr. clapping], to strike 
 
 one thing against another with a 
 quick, sharp noise ; indicate approv- 
 al by striking the hands together; 
 put on quickly: n. a loud noise 
 made by a sudden collision ; applause 
 expressed by clapping ; a sudden act 
 or movement. 
 
 clapboard (klab'ord), n. a thin, 
 narrow board, used for the covering 
 of the sides of frame houses. 
 
 clapper ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, claps; the tongue of a bell; 
 the clack of a mill-hopper. 
 
 claque (klak), n. an organized body 
 of men who applaud or express dis- 
 approval at theaters : hence inter- 
 ested admirers. 
 
 elaquer (kla-ker'), n. a member of a 
 claque. 
 
 claret (klar'et), n. sl light bodied 
 wine of a dark-red color ; blood : adj. 
 claret-colored. 
 
 clarification (klar-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the act of clarifying. 
 
 clarify (klar'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 clarified, p.pr. clarifying], to make 
 clear from impurities : v.i. to be- 
 come bright. 
 
 clarinet (klar'i-net), n. a keyed reed 
 instrument of the oboe class. Also 
 clarionet. 
 
 clarion (klar'ri-un), n. a kind of 
 trumpet. 
 
 clash (klash), v.i. to make a loud 
 harsh noise by mutual collision : v.t. 
 to strike violently together : n. the 
 noise so produced. 
 
 clasp (klasp), v.t. to shut or fasten 
 together with, or as with, a clasp : 
 n. a hook to hold anything close; a 
 close embrace. 
 
 clasp er ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, clasps; a tendril. 
 
 class (clas), n. a rank or order of 
 persons or things ; a number of 
 students of the same status ; a group 
 of animals or plants next in rank 
 above an order : v.t. to classify. 
 
 class meeting (met'ing), n. a class, 
 under a class-leader, for religious 
 instruction. 
 
 classic (klas'ik), adj. of, or relating 
 to, the highest class or rank in lit- 
 erature or art ; pertaining to, or 
 having the characteristics of, the 
 Greek or Roman authors ; relating 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cla 
 
 cle 
 
 to localities associated with great 
 authors or events ; pure ; refined ; 
 clear-cut. Also classical : n. an 
 author of the first rank whose 
 works serve as a standard ; one 
 versed in Greek and Latin litera- 
 ture : pi. ancient Greek and Latin 
 literature. 
 
 classically (-al-li), adv. in the style 
 or manner of a classic. 
 
 classification (klas-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the art of forming or dividing into 
 classes. 
 
 classificat or y ( klas'i - f i-ka-to-ri ) , 
 adj. relating to, or forming the basis 
 of, classification. 
 
 classifier (klas'i-fi-er), n. one who 
 classifies. 
 
 classify (klas'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 classified; p.pr. classifying], to ar- 
 range in classes ; systematize. 
 
 classman (klas'man), n. [pi. class- 
 men ( 'men ) ] , a student who _ has 
 gained honors at an examination : 
 opposed to passmans 
 
 clatter (klat'er), v.i. to make a noise 
 by knocking two sonorous bodies 
 frequently together; talk idly and 
 noisily: v.t. to strike anything to 
 make a clatter : n. a continuous or 
 confused noise ; idle gossip. 
 
 clause (klawz), n. a separate part of 
 a written composition, or a sentence ; 
 a special proviso in a document. 
 
 claustral (klaws'tral), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a cloister. 
 
 clavate (kla'vat), adj. club-shaped. 
 
 clavichord (klav'i-kord), n. a medi- 
 aeval stringed instrument. Also clari- 
 chord. 
 
 clavicle (klav'i-kal), n. the collar- 
 bone. 
 
 clavier (kla-ver'), n. the key-board 
 of an organ, pianoforte, or harmo- 
 nium. 
 
 claw (klaw), n. a sharp hooked nail 
 in the foot of an animal, as the cat ; 
 the whole foot of a bird; anything 
 resembling a claw ; the narrow part 
 at the base of a leaf or foot-stalk of 
 a petal : v.t. to tear or scratch with, 
 or as if with, claws. 
 
 clay (kla), n. anything easily mold- 
 ed ; soft plastic earth ; the bodily or 
 earthly nature of man : adj. made of 
 
 or like clay : v.t. to purify, cover, or 
 manure with clay. 
 
 claymore (kla'mor), n. a Highland 
 broad-sword. 
 
 clean (klen), adj. free from dirt or 
 extraneous matter ; morally or cere- 
 monially pure : adv. in a clean man- 
 ner ; entirely ; cleverly : v.t. to ren- 
 der clean. 
 
 clean-cut (-kut), adj. clear-cut; 
 well-shaped. 
 
 cleanlily (klen'li-li), adv. in a clean- 
 ly manner ; adroitly. 
 
 cleanliness (-nes), n. the state of 
 being clean. 
 
 cleanly (klen'li), adj. neat; pure: 
 adv. wholly clean. 
 
 cleanness (klen'nes), n. moral or 
 physical purity ; neatness. 
 
 cleanse (klenz), v.t. to make clean; 
 purify from moral impurity or guilt. 
 
 clear ( kler ) , adj. bright ; pure ; un- 
 dimmed ; translucent ; manifest to 
 the understanding ; unobstructed ; 
 audible ; unadulterated : v.t. to make 
 bright ; render evident ; free from 
 obstructions; render more acute or 
 quick ; prove or declare innocent ; 
 free from legal # detention, as im- 
 ported goods : v.i. leave a port ; ex- 
 change cheques, bills, &c, at a bank. 
 
 clear-cut (kut), adj. having a sharp, 
 clearly-defined outline, as if chiseled. 
 
 clearance (kler'ans), n. the act of 
 clearing. 
 
 clearing (kler'ing), n. the act of 
 making clear ; land cleared of tim- 
 ber. 
 
 clearstarch (kler'starch), v.t. to 
 stiffen or dress with starch. 
 
 cleat (klet), n. a thin piece of iron 
 worn on boots to make them more 
 durable : a piece of wood or iron on 
 the yard-arm of a ship to keep the 
 ropes from slipping ; a strip of wood 
 nailed across a board : v.t . to secure 
 or strengthen with a cleat. 
 
 cleavable (kle-va-bl), adj. divisible. 
 
 cleavage (kle'vaj), n. the act of 
 splitting ; the property of some min- 
 erals and rocks of being broken in 
 one or more directions. 
 
 cleave (klev), v.i. [p.t. clave, cleaved, 
 p.p. cleaved, p.pr. cleaving], to ad- 
 here to ; be attached strongly to. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
cle 
 
 cli 
 
 cleave (klev), v.t. [p.t. cleft, clove, 
 p.p. cleft, cloven, cleaved, p.pr. 
 cleaving], to divide with violence; 
 part naturally. 
 
 cleaver (kle'ver), n. a butcher's 
 heavy hatchet for dividing carcasses. 
 
 cleavers (kle'verz), n. goose-grass. 
 
 clef (kief), n. a figure at the begin- 
 ning of each staff in music to indi- 
 cate the pitch of all the notes on 
 one particular line or space. 
 
 cleft, p.t. & p.p. of cleave, to split. 
 
 cleft (kleft), n. a crack; crevice. 
 
 clematis (klem'a-tis), n. a perennial 
 plant of the crowfoot family. 
 
 clemency (klem'en-si), n. [pi. clem- 
 encies (,-siz)], compassion; remis- 
 sion. 
 
 clement (klem'ent), adj. compassion- 
 ate ; forgiving ; gentle ; forbearing. 
 
 clergy (kler'ji), n. a body of men set 
 apart by ordination for the service 
 of the Church. 
 
 clergyman (-man), n. [pi. clergy- 
 men (-men)], a minister. 
 
 clerical (kler'i-kal), adj. pertaining 
 to the clergy ; pertaining to a clerk, 
 writer, or copyist. 
 
 clerical-error (er'er), n. an error 
 in copying. 
 
 clerk (klerk), n. a parish clerk; a 
 scholar ; one engaged in an office to 
 conduct correspondence, keep books, 
 or transact business generally ; an 
 assistant salesman in a store or 
 shop : v.i. to act as clerk or sales- 
 man. 
 
 clever (klev'er), adj. possessing skill 
 or ability ; dexterous ; expert ; good 
 natured and obliging. 
 
 clew (kloo), n. a ball of thread; one 
 of the corners of a sail : v.t. to truss 
 up (sails) to the yard of a ship. 
 
 click (klik), v.i. to make a short 
 sharp successive noise : v.t. to move 
 with a clicking sound: n. a slight 
 sharp sound; a catch for retaining 
 a bolt. 
 
 client (kli'ent), n. one who employs 
 a lawyer ; one dependent upon an- 
 other's patronage. 
 
 clientage (klfen-tij), n. the condi- 
 tion of being a client; clients col- 
 lectively. 
 
 cliff (klif ), n. high steep rock or bank. 
 
 climacteric (kli-mak'ter-ik), n. one 
 
 of the critical periods in human life 
 when some great change is supposed 
 to take place in the constitution. 
 
 climate (kll'mat), n. the temperature 
 and meteorological conditions of a 
 country, &c. 
 
 climatic (kll-mat'ik), adj. relating 
 to, or connected with, climate. 
 
 climatize (kli'ma-tlz), v.t. to accus- 
 tom to a new climate. 
 
 climatography (kli-ma-tog'ra-fi), n. 
 a description of climates. 
 
 climatology (-tol'o-ji), n. meteor- 
 ology. 
 
 climatometer (kli-ma-tom'e-ter), n. 
 an instrument for recording varia- 
 tions of temperature in any given 
 region. 
 
 climax (klfmaks), n. the summit; 
 acme. 
 
 climb (klim), v.i. to mount or as- 
 cend, as by the hands and feet : v.t. 
 ascend laboriously : n. an ascent by 
 climbing. 
 
 clime (klim), n. a country, region, or 
 tract. 
 
 clinch (klinch), v.t. to rivet; fix 
 firmly by folding over ; double up 
 tightly, as the fingers ; to hold fast : 
 n. anything that holds both ways; a 
 mode of fastening large ropes. 
 
 cling (kling), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. clung, 
 p.pr. clinging], to adhere closely; 
 hold fast by embracing or entwin- 
 ing. 
 
 clinic (klin'ik), n. a medical lecture 
 at the bedside or in the presence of 
 patients. 
 
 clinical (klin'ik-al), adj. pertaining 
 to a clinic. 
 
 clinically (-li), adv. in a clinical 
 manner. 
 
 clink (klingk), v.t. to strike so as to 
 make a slight sharp sound : v.i. to 
 make a clinking noise : n. a slight 
 sharp successive vibrating noise. 
 
 clinker ('er), n. a mass of partly 
 vitrified brick ; slag. 
 
 clip (klip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. clipped, 
 dipt: p.pr. clipping], to cut with 
 shears or scissors ; cut off ; former- 
 ly to debase coin by cutting off the 
 edges : v.i. move quickly : n. the wool 
 of a season's shearing ; a spring 
 holder for holding papers; a slight 
 blow with the hand. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
oli 
 
 do 
 
 clipper (/er), one who, or that 
 which, clips ; an instrument for cut- 
 ting the hair of horses ; a sailing 
 vessel with very sharp lines and 
 great spread of canvas ; a person or 
 animal that runs swiftly ; a first- 
 rate person or thing. 
 
 clique (klek), n. a group of persons 
 united for some common purpose 
 (usually sinister) ; a coterie; a ring. 
 
 cloak (klok), n. a sleeveless, loose 
 outer garment worn by both sexes : 
 hence, a pretext ; disguise : v.t. to 
 cover with, or as with, a cloak ; 
 cover up or conceal. 
 
 clock (klok), n. a machine for meas- 
 uring and indicating the divisions of 
 time by means of hands moving over 
 a dial-plate. 
 
 clock (klok), n. a woven or embroid- 
 ered ornament upon a stocking. 
 
 clockwise ('wiz), adv. in the direc- 
 tion of the rotation of the hands of 
 a clock. 
 
 clod (klod), n. sl lump of earth, turf, 
 or clay ; a bait used in eel-fishing ; 
 the shoulder part of the neck-piece 
 in beef. 
 
 clog (klog), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. clogged: 
 p.pr. clogging], to load with any- 
 thing that may impede motion ; em- 
 barrass : v.i. to stick or cluster to- 
 gether : n. a load or weight ; a hin- 
 drance ; a kind of wooden shoe. 
 
 clogginess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being clogged. 
 
 cloggy (klog'i), adj. clogging; ad- 
 hesive. 
 
 cloister (klois'ter), n. a place of re- 
 ligious retirement ; a monastery or 
 nunnery : pi. an arched way or cov- 
 ered walk running round an ecclesi- 
 astical building or college : v.t. to 
 confine in, or as in, a cloister or 
 convent ; seclude from the world. 
 
 cloistral (klois'tral), adj. pertaining 
 to, or confined in, a cloister ; se- 
 cluded. 
 
 close (kloz), v.t. to shut; surround 
 closely ; unite together ; consolidate ; 
 end : v.i. to come together ; shut in ; 
 coalesce ; engage in hand-to-hand 
 conflict ; grapple : n. an inclosed 
 space ; the precincts of a cathedral 
 or abbey; an alley: adj. (klos) hav- 
 ing no outlet ; confined ; without ven- 
 
 tilation ; oppressive ; minute ; con- 
 cise ; reticent ; niggardly : adv. near. 
 
 close corporation (klos kor-po-ra'- 
 shun), n. a corporation in which 
 vacancies are filled by its members. 
 
 close-hauled (-hawld), adj. kept as 
 near to the wind as possible. 
 
 close port (port), n. a river port. 
 
 close-reef (-ref), n. the last reef in 
 a sail. 
 
 close season (se'zun), n. certain 
 months in the year in which it is il- 
 legal to kill game, protected wild 
 birds, fish, &c. 
 
 closet (kloz'et), n. a small room for 
 privacy or retirement ; a place for 
 storing valuable things or household 
 requisites : adj. private ; secluded : 
 v.t. to receive in a private room for 
 confidential consultation. 
 
 closure (klo'zhur), n. the act of shut- 
 ting up ; that which closes ; the end ; 
 the closing of a debate by the vote 
 of the majority (the cloture) : v.t. 
 to end (a debate) by closure. 
 
 clot (klot), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. clotted, 
 p.pr. clotting] , to coagulate : v.t. to 
 make, form into, or cover with, 
 clots : n. a concrete or coagulate 
 mass of soft or fluid matter. 
 
 cloth (kl6th),w. [pi. cloths (klo*7tz)], 
 a woven fabric of some fibrous ma- 
 terial, especially wool ; a table cover- 
 ing ; the distinctive dress of any 
 profession, especially the clerical. 
 
 clothe (kloth), v.t. to put raiment 
 on ; cover with, or as with, a gar- 
 ment. 
 
 clothes (klothz), n.pl. covering for 
 the body ; dress ; bedclothes. 
 
 clothier (kld^'yer), n . one who 
 manufactures or sells clothes. 
 
 clothing (bloth'mg), n. garments in 
 general. 
 
 cloture. See closure. 
 
 cloud (kloud), n. a mass of visible 
 vapor floating in the atmosphere; a 
 volume of smoke or dust ; the dark 
 markings in marble or precious 
 stones ; a diffused body of anything ; 
 a multitude ; a light woolen shawl : 
 v.t. to overspread with, or as with, 
 a cloud ; render gloomy ; blacken or 
 sully : v.i. to grow cloudy. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
clo 
 
 cloud-burst ('berst), n. a violent 
 downpour of rain over a very lim- 
 ited area. 
 
 clough (kluf), n. a ravine in a rock 
 or hillside ; a gorge ; a kind of 
 sluice. 
 
 clout (klout), n. a piece of cloth or 
 leather for patching ; a cloth for any- 
 mean use ; the center mark of an 
 archery target ; an arrow that has 
 hit the center ; a blow on the head 
 with the hand : v.t. to patch or mend 
 coarsely ; strike with the hand. 
 
 clove, p.t.oi cleave. 
 
 clove (klov), n. a pungent aromatic 
 spice. 
 
 cloven (klo'ven), p.adj. divided into 
 two parts. 
 
 clover (klo'ver), n. a species of grass. 
 
 clown (kloun), n. a rustic; an ill- 
 bred fellow ; a professional jester or 
 buffoon. 
 
 clownish ('ish), adj. like a clown. 
 
 cloy (kloi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cloyed, 
 p.pr. cloying], to fill to repletion; 
 surfeit. 
 
 club (klub), n. a heavy stick; one of 
 the suits of cards marked with tre- 
 foils ; a number of persons associ- 
 ated for a common purpose or mu- 
 tual benefit ; a joint expense : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. clubbed, p.pr. clubbing], 
 to beat with a club ; unite in a solid 
 mass : v.i. contribute to a common 
 expense. 
 
 clubb&ble ('a-bl), adj. having the 
 qualities which fit a man to associ- 
 ate in a club. 
 
 club-foot ('foot), n. a deformed 
 foot. 
 
 club-haul ('hawl), v.t. to tack (a 
 ship) by dropping the lee anchor as 
 soon as the wind is out of the sails, 
 bringing the ship's head to the wind. 
 
 club-moss ('mos),n. the lycopodium. 
 
 cluck (kluk), v.i. to cry or call like 
 a hen to her chickens : n. a hen's 
 call ; the peculiar click uttered by 
 some South African tribes. 
 
 clue (kloo), n. & hint; a clew. 
 
 clumber (klum'ber), n. a field spaniel. 
 
 clump (klump), n. a cluster of trees, 
 &c. ; a thick sole : pi. a social game : 
 v.t. arrange in a clump : v.i. tread 
 clumsily. 
 
 clumsily (klum'zi-li), adv. awkward- 
 ly ; heavily. 
 
 clumsy (klum'zi), adj. awkward; 
 heavy. 
 
 clung, p.t. of cling. 
 
 cluster (klus'ter), n. a number of 
 things of the same kind growing or 
 collected together ; a bunch : v.i. to 
 grow or gather into bunches ; con- 
 gregate. 
 
 clutch (kluch), v.t. to grasp, seize, or 
 grip strongly : v.i. to snatch or seize 
 [with at] : n. el grasp ; seizure : pi. 
 hands ; claws. 
 
 clyster (klis'ter), n. a liquid injected 
 into the lower intestines by a syr- 
 inge ; an enema. 
 
 co- (ko), a prefix, meaning with, to- 
 gether, entering into the composi- 
 tion of many words, the sense of 
 which is generally self-evident, as 
 co-trustee, a joint trustee. 
 
 coach ( koch ) , n. a large covered four- 
 wheeled public or private carriage; 
 a tutor who especially prepares an- 
 other for an examination or an ath- 
 letic contest : v.t. to instruct or 
 train for an examination, &c. 
 
 coagulant (ko-ag'u-lant), n. a sub- 
 stance that produces coagulation. 
 
 coagulate (ko-ag'u-lat), v.t. to clot 
 or curdle. 
 
 coagulation (-u-la'shun), n. the act 
 of coagulating; the state of being 
 coagulated. 
 
 coagulative (-tiv), adj. causing co- 
 agulation. 
 
 coagulator (-ter), n. that which 
 causes coagulation. 
 
 coagulum ('u-lum), n. [pi. coagula 
 (-la)], a clot of blood; a curdled 
 mass. 
 
 coal (kol), «. mineralized vegetable 
 matter, used in its hardened form 
 as fuel : v.t. to furnish with coals : 
 v.i. take in coal. 
 
 coal-oil ('oil), n. petroleum. 
 
 coal-tar ('tar) , n. a thick opaque 
 liquid distilled from bituminous coal, 
 and from which many rich dye col- 
 ors are obtained. 
 
 coalesce (ko-a-les'), v.t. to grow to- 
 gether ; combine ; unite. 
 
 coalescence ('ens), n. the act of 
 coalescing. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
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 coale scent ('ent), adj. growing to- 
 gether. 
 
 coalition (ko-a-lisk'un), n. union in 
 a body or mass ; a combination of 
 persons. 
 
 coamings (kom'ings), n.pl. the raised 
 wood or iron borders of the hatches 
 of a vessel. 
 
 coaptation (ko-ap-ta'shun), n. the 
 adjustment or adaptation of parts to 
 one another. 
 
 coarse (kors), adj. large in texture 
 or size ; not refined ; rough ; rude ; 
 indelicate. 
 
 coarse-grained ('grand), adj. hav- 
 ing a coarse grain ; ill-tempered. 
 
 coarsely (kors'li), adv. in a coarse 
 manner. 
 
 coarseness ('nes), n. the quality of 
 being coarse. 
 
 coast (kost), n. the margin of the 
 land next the sea ; a frontier ; a 
 slide in a sledge down an incline : 
 v.i. to sail near or along the coast ; 
 descend an incline in a sledge, or on 
 a bicycle without working the ped- 
 als : v.t . to sail close or near to. 
 
 coaster ('er), n. a home-trading ves- 
 sel ; one who coasts on a sled. 
 
 coastguard ('gard), n. a member of 
 the service for watching the sea, 
 originally to check smuggling. 
 
 co as ting- trade ('ing-trad), the 
 trade carried on from port to port 
 of the same country. 
 
 coastwise ('wiz), adv. by, or along, 
 the coast. 
 
 coat j[kot), n. an outer garment cov- 
 ering the upper part of the body ; an 
 external covering, as fur, &c. ; a 
 thin layer ; an integument : v.t. to 
 cover or spread over. 
 
 coat-card (-kard), n. a court-card. 
 
 coatee ( ko-te' ) , n. a close-fitting coat 
 with short tails. 
 
 coat of arms (of armz), n. the em- 
 blazonment of armorial bearings on 
 an escutcheon. 
 
 coat of mail (mal), n. chain-mail. 
 
 coax (koks), v.t. to wheedle; cajole. 
 
 coaxial (ko-ak'si-al), adj. having a 
 common axis. 
 
 cob (kob), n. a roundish piece of any- 
 thing ; the spike of Indian corn ; a 
 strong thickset pony ; a young her- 
 ring; a spider; a pellet for feeding 
 
 fowls; the bull-head or miller's 
 thumb ; a sea-gull ; a kind of wicker 
 basket ; a kind of breakwater : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. cobbed, p.pr. cobbing], 
 to punish with a strap ; break (ore). 
 
 cobalt (ko'bawlt), n. a steel-grey 
 metal. 
 
 cobble (kob'l), n. a pebble; a round 
 medium-sized stone ; clumsy work : 
 v.t. to mend or patch up coarsely : 
 v.i. work clumsily. 
 
 cobbler ('ler), n. one who mends 
 boots and shoes ; a clumsy work- 
 man ; a cooling summer drink of ice, 
 wine, &c. 
 
 cobra-de-capello ( ko'bra-de-ka-pel'- 
 o), n. a large and most venomous 
 hooded snake. 
 
 cobweb (kob'web), n. a spider's web : 
 hence, a net or snare ; old musty 
 rubbish : adj. made of, or like, a 
 cobweb ; flimsy. 
 
 coca (ko'ka), n. the dried leaf of a 
 small South American shrub : a pow- 
 erful tonic. 
 
 cocaine (-in), n. a powerful alkaloid 
 extracted from coca leaves. 
 
 cocainism (-izm), n. the morbid hab- 
 it of using cocaine to excess. 
 
 cocainize (-Iz), v.t. to subject to, or 
 render insensible by cocaine. 
 
 cocculus indicns (kok'u-lus in-di'- 
 kus), n. an East Indian climbing 
 shrub possessing acrid narcotic 
 properties. 
 
 cochineal (koch'i-nel), n. a scarlet 
 dye obtained from the dried body 
 of an insect. 
 
 cochlea (kok'le-a), n. [pi. cochleae 
 (-e)], the spiral-shaped cavity of 
 the inner ear. 
 
 cochleate (kok'le-at), adj. screw-like. 
 
 cock (kok), ii. the male of birds, es- 
 pecially the domestic fowl ; the male 
 of certain animals other than birds ; 
 a vane in the shape of a cock ; a 
 leader or chief ; a turn-valve for reg- 
 ulating the flow of a liquid or gas ; 
 a small conical heap of hay. 
 
 cock (kok), v.t. to turn up or set (the 
 hat or head) jauntily on one side; 
 erect : n. the action of the verb to 
 cock. 
 
 cock-eyed ('id), adj. having squint- 
 ing eyes. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
coo 
 
 cockade (-ad'), n. a badge or ribbon 
 worn on the hat. 
 
 cockatoo (-a-too'), n. a crested bird 
 of the parrot family. 
 
 Cockatrice ('a-tris, or-tris), n. a fab- 
 ulous serpent said to have been 
 hatched in a cock's egg, and possess- 
 ing the power of killing by a glance 
 of its eye. 
 
 cockboat ('bot), n. sl small boat. 
 
 cockchafer ('cha-fer), n. the May- 
 bug. 
 
 cockcrow ('kro), n. early morning. 
 
 cockee (-e') 5 n. the spot where a curl- 
 
 ' ing player stands to hurl. 
 
 cockerel ('er-el), n. a young cock. 
 
 cockle ('1), v.t. to contract into 
 wrinkles. 
 
 cockle ( '1 ) , n. an edible shell-fish with 
 two heart-shaped wrinkled shells ; 
 the plant corncockle or darnel ; a 
 kiln for drying hops ; a stove for 
 drying biscuit-ware. 
 
 cockney ( kok'ni ) , n. a Londoner : 
 traditionally one born within sound 
 of the bells of Bow Church, Cheap- 
 side. 
 
 cockney dom (-dum), n. London and 
 its suburbs. 
 
 cockpit (kok'pit),^ n. an enclosed 
 space for cockfighting. 
 
 cockroack ('roch), n. a black beetle. 
 
 cocoa (ko'ko), n. a palm which pro- 
 duces the cocoanut. Also coco. 
 
 cocoa (ko'ko), n. the ground seeds of 
 the cacao or chocolate tree ; the bev- 
 erage made from it. 
 
 cocoanut (-nut), n. the fruit of the 
 cocoa palm. 
 
 cocoon (ko-koon'), n. the silky ob- 
 long case covering the larvae of 
 many spinning insects while in the 
 chrysalis state. 
 
 cocoonery ('er-i), n. a building where 
 silk-worms are fed when forming 
 cocoons. 
 
 cocotte (ko-kof), n. a Parisian cour- 
 tezan. 
 
 cod (kod), n. the husk or pod of a 
 seed ; the scrotum ; the narrow part 
 of a trawl-net. 
 
 cod (kod), n. a large edible fish found 
 in the northern seas, and especially 
 on the banks of Newfoundland. 
 
 coddle (kod'l), v.t. to make effemi- 
 nate by pampering ; treat tenderly ; 
 
 cog 
 
 to stew gently: n. an over-indulged 
 pampered person. 
 
 code (kod), n. a body of classified 
 laws or regulations; a system of 
 signals. 
 
 codeine (ko-de'in), n. an active me- 
 dicinal principle extracted from the 
 poppy. 
 
 codex (ko'deks), n. [pi. codices ('di- 
 sez)], a volume of statutes; a man- 
 uscript volume, especially of the sa- 
 cred Scriptures. 
 
 codger (koj'er), n. a miser; an old 
 man. 
 
 codicil (kod'i-sil), n. an appendix to 
 a will. 
 
 codify (ko'di- or kod'i-fl), v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. codified, p.pr. codifying], to 
 reduce to a code or digest. 
 
 codling (kod'ling), n. a young cod; 
 a kind of stewing apple. 
 
 coeffcient (ko-e-fish'ent), adj. coop- 
 erating: n. that which cooperates 
 with another ; a number or known 
 quantity prefixed in algebra as a 
 multiplier to a variable or an un- 
 known quantity. 
 
 coerce (ko-ers'), v.t. to restrain or 
 constrain by force, especially legal- 
 ly or morally ; compel. 
 
 coercible ('i-bl), adj. able to be co- 
 erced. 
 
 coercion ('shun), n. the act of coerc- 
 ing. 
 
 coercive ('siv), adj. having power to 
 coerce. 
 
 coeval (ko-e'val), adj. contempora- 
 neous. 
 
 coextensive (ko-eks-ten'siv), adj. 
 equally extensive. 
 
 coffee (kof'e), n. the seeds of a plant 
 which, roasted and ground, form the 
 well-known beverage. 
 
 coffer (kof'er), n. sl chest; a kind of 
 caisson or floating dock ; a sunken 
 panel : pi. sl treasury : v.t. to inclose 
 in a coffer. 
 
 coffin ('in), n. sl case for the dead; 
 the hollow part of a horse's hoof: 
 v.t. inclose in a coffin. 
 
 cog (kog), n. the tooth of a wheel; a 
 trick: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cogged, p.pr. 
 cogging], to furnish with cogs; 
 weedle; to load (dice) in order to 
 cheat. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, 2/ien. 
 
cog 
 
 col 
 
 cogitate (koj'i-tat), v.i. to meditate: 
 v.t. to devise or plan. 
 
 cogitation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
 cogitating. 
 
 cogitative (-ta-tiv), adj. meditative. 
 
 cognac (ko'nyak), n. a French 
 brandy. 
 
 cognate (kog'nat), adj. allied by 
 blood ; of the same stock, nature, or 
 quality. 
 
 cognition (kog-nish'un), n. knowl- 
 edge. 
 
 cognitive (kog'ni-tiv), adj. having 
 power of mental apprehension. 
 
 cognizable ( kon'iz-a-bl ) , adj. that 
 may be known. 
 
 cognizance (kon'i-zans), n. judicial 
 knowledge or notice ; perception. 
 
 cognizant (kon'i-zant), adj. having 
 knowledge of anything. 
 
 cognomen (kog-no'men), n. a sur- 
 name. 
 
 cohabit (ko-hab'it), v.i. to dwell to- 
 gether as husband and wife. 
 
 cohere (ko-her'), v.i, to stick to- 
 gether. 
 
 coherence ('ens), n. the state or 
 quality of cohering. Also coher- 
 ency. 
 
 coherent Cent), adj. cohering togeth- 
 er ; consistent ; logical. 
 
 coherer (ko-her'er), n. a device for 
 detecting electro-magnetic waves, 
 used in wireless telegraphy. 
 
 cohesion ( ko-he'zhun ) , n. the force 
 that unites together molecules of the 
 same material ; coherence. 
 
 cohesive ('siv), n. causing to cohere. 
 
 cohort (ko'hort), n. a body of an- 
 cient Roman soldiers, the tenth part 
 of a legion. 
 
 coiffeur (koi'fer), n. a hairdresser. 
 
 coiffure (koif'ur, French kwo-fer'), 
 n. a head dress ;, manner of arrang- 
 ing the hair. 
 
 coil (koil), n. a rope gathered into a 
 ring ; anything resembling it : v.t. to 
 gather or wind into a circular heap : 
 v.i. to wind. 
 
 coin (koin), n. money stamped with 
 a legal impression ; a corner or 
 angle : v.t. to convert into money ; 
 invent. 
 
 coinage ('aj), n. the process of coin- 
 ing ; the thing coined ; invention. 
 
 coincide (ko-in-sid'), ^.*- correspond 
 
 exactly ; occur at the same time ; 
 fall upon, or meet, in the same point. 
 
 coincidence (ko-in'si-dens), n. the 
 act of coinciding. 
 
 coincident (ko-in'si-dent), adj. coin- 
 ciding. 
 
 coiner (koin'er), n. one who stamps 
 coins, especially one who makes 
 counterfeit money. 
 
 coir (koir), n. the prepared fiber of 
 the husks of cocoanuts. 
 
 coition (ko-ish'un), n. copulation; 
 conjunction : said of the moon. 
 
 coke (kok), the residue of coal after 
 the gas, &c, has been expelled: v.t. 
 to convert into coke. 
 
 colander (kul'an-der), n. a vessel 
 with a perforated bottom. 
 
 cola-nut (ko'la-nut), n. the large 
 bitter seed of an African tree. 
 
 colchicum ( kol'chi-kum ) , n. the 
 meadow-saffron, the seeds and bulbs 
 of which are used: in medicine. 
 
 cold (kold), adj. without heat or 
 warmth ; frigid ; without passion or 
 zeal ; indifferent ; insensible ; blue in 
 tone : n. the opposite of heat ; the 
 sensation produced by the loss of 
 heat ; a catarrh. 
 
 cold-blooded (-blud'ed), adj. having 
 the blood below 90° Fahr. in tem- 
 perature. 
 
 coldish (kold'ish), adj. somewhat 
 cold. 
 
 cole (kol), n. cabbage plants in gen- 
 eral. 
 
 cole-slaw ('slaw), n. cabbage salad. 
 
 Coleoptera (kol-e-op-ter-a), n.pl. an 
 order of insects having the wings 
 covered with a sheath ; the beetles. 
 
 cole wort (kol'wert), n. young cab- 
 bage. 
 
 colic (kol'ik), n. acute spasmodic 
 pain in the abdomen or bowels : adj. 
 pertaining to, or affecting, the bow- 
 els. 
 
 colicky (-i), adj. pertaining to colic. 
 
 coliseum. See colosseum. 
 
 collaborate (ko-lab'o-rat), v.i. to 
 work jointly, especially in literary 
 or scientific work. 
 
 collaboration (-6-ra/shun),ifc. united 
 labor. 
 
 collaborator (-lab'6-ra-ter), n. one 
 who assists another, especially in lit- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nQrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hutj think, then. 
 
col 
 
 col 
 
 erary or scientific work : [more usu- 
 ally collaborateur (-ter'),the French 
 form of the word]. 
 
 collapse (kol-aps'), n. a falling in or 
 together ; sudden and complete fail- 
 ure ; general prostration of the vital 
 powers : v.i. to fall in or together ; 
 shrink up ; break down. 
 
 collapsible (-ap'si-bl), adj. collaps- 
 ing. 
 
 collar (kol'er), n. anything encircling 
 the neck, worn for use, restraint, or 
 ornament ; a round ring or flange : 
 v.t. to seize by the collar ; put a col- 
 lar on ; roll up. 
 
 collarette (-et) , n. a fichu of lace, &c. 
 
 collate (kol'at), v.t. compare crit- 
 ically one thing with another of the 
 same kind, as manuscripts or text of 
 books ; place in an ecclesiastical 
 benefice. 
 
 collateral (kol-at'er-al), adj. side by 
 side ; auxiliary ; concurrent ; de- 
 scended from the same stock, but in 
 a different line. 
 
 collaterally (-li), adv. in a collat- 
 eral manner. 
 
 collation (kol-a'shun), n. compari- 
 son ; a light repast ; the presentation 
 to a benefice by a bishop, who is the 
 patron. 
 
 collator ('ter), n. one who collates 
 manuscripts or books ; the bishop 
 who collates. 
 
 colleague (kol'eg), n. an associate in 
 the same office, employment, or com- 
 mission. 
 
 collect (kol'ekt), n. a, short compre- 
 hensive prayer. 
 
 collect (kol-ekf), v.t. gather togeth- 
 er ; assemble ; demand and obtain 
 payment of : v.i. to meet together ; 
 accumulate. 
 
 collected (kol-ekt'ed), adj. self-pos- 
 
 collection ('shun), n. the act of 
 gathering together ; a mass ; a 
 crowd ; an assemblage of works of 
 art, natural objects, &c. ; a contribu- 
 tion to a special object ; a private 
 college examination. 
 
 collective (kol-ek'tiv), adj. accumu- 
 lative. 
 
 collectivism (-izm), n. the socialis- 
 tic theory that land and capital 
 
 should be owned by society collec- 
 tively. 
 
 collect! vist (-ist), n. an advocate of 
 collectivism : adj. pertaining to col- 
 lectivism. 
 
 collector (kol-ek'ter), n. one who 
 collects. 
 
 college (kol'ej), n. a society of men 
 possessing certain powers and rights, 
 and engaged in some common pur- 
 suit, especially literary studies ; the 
 house founded for such a society. 
 
 collegian (kol-e'ji-an), n. a member 
 of a college. 
 
 collegiate (-at), adj. pertaining to, 
 or containing, a college; instituted 
 like a college. 
 
 collet (kol'et), n. the part of a ring 
 in which the stone is set. 
 
 collide (kol-Id'), v.i. to come into col- 
 lision. 
 
 collie (kol'i), n. a Scotch sheep-dog. 
 
 collier (kol'yer), n. a digger of coal ; 
 a coal-digger ; a vessel in the coal 
 trade. 
 
 colliery (-i), n. [pi. collieries (-iz)], 
 a coal mine. 
 
 collision (kol-izh'un), n. the act of 
 striking two bodies violently togeth- 
 er ; concussion. 
 
 collocation (kol-o-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of placing ; arrangement. 
 
 collodion ( kol-o'di-un ) , n. a prepara- 
 tion of soluble gun-cotton with 
 ether. 
 
 colloquial (kol-o'kwi-al), adj. used 
 in ordinary conversation. 
 
 colloquialism (-izm), n. a colloquial 
 form of speech ; slang. 
 
 colloquy ('o-kwi), n. [pi. colloquies 
 (-kwiz)], a conversation; a dia- 
 logue. 
 
 collusion (kol-u'zhun), n. a secret 
 agreement for a fraudulent or evil 
 purpose. 
 
 collusive ('siv), adj. fraudulently 
 concerted. 
 
 collusory ( r so-ri), adj. carrying on 
 fraud by secret agreement. 
 
 cologne water (waw'ter), n. eau-de- 
 cologne. 
 
 colon (ko'lon), n. a mark of punctua- 
 tion [ : ] ; the largest of the intes- 
 tines. 
 
 colonel (ker'nel), n. the chief officer 
 of a regiment. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, taen, 
 
col 
 
 com 
 
 colonelcy (-si), n. the rank of a 
 
 colonel. 
 colonial (ko-lo'ni-al), adj. pertaining 
 
 to a colony. 
 colonialism (-izm), n. the character- 
 istics of colonial life ; a colonial 
 habit or phrase. 
 colonialize (-Iz), v.t. to render colo- 
 nial in character. 
 colonist (kol'o-nist), n. an inhabitant 
 
 of a colony. 
 colonization (kol'o-ni-za'shun), n. 
 the act of colonizing, or state of 
 being colonized ; the temporary set- 
 tlement of men in a voting district 
 to qualify them as electors. 
 colonize (kol'o-mz), v.t. to settle or 
 
 establish a colony in. 
 colonnade (kol-oii-ad'), n. a series of 
 
 columns. 
 colony (kol'o-ni), n. [pi. colonies 
 (-niz)], a body of people from their 
 native country who settle in another 
 land, but are under the jurisdiction 
 of, or connected with, the parent 
 country ; the country thus settled ; 
 a number of animals or plants liv- 
 ing or growing together. 
 color (kul'er), n. the hue or appear- 
 ance that a body presents to the 
 eye ; a pigment or paint ; complex- 
 ion ; redness ; an apparent right or 
 reason ; pretense ; false show : pi. a 
 military or naval flag : v.t. to im- 
 part a color to ; tint ; dye ; give a 
 specious appearance to ; make plaus- 
 ible. 
 Colorado-beetle ( kol-o-ra'do-bet'l ) , 
 n. a yellowish beetle, having its 
 back marked with ten longitudinal 
 black stripes : it is very destructive 
 to potato crops. 
 coloring (kul'er-ing), n. the act or 
 art of giving a color to ; the color so 
 applied. 
 colorist (-ist), n. an artist whose 
 works are characterized by beauty 
 of color. 
 colossal (ko-los'al), adj. like a colos- 
 sus ; gigantic. 
 colosseum (kol-o-se'um), n. the Fla- 
 vian amphitheater at ancient Rome. 
 Also coliseum. 
 colossus (ko-los'us), n. [pi. colossi 
 (-1)], a statue of gigantic size. 
 
 colportage (kol'por-taj), n. the sys- 
 tem of distributing Bibles, religious 
 books, &c, by colporteurs. 
 colporteur (-ter), n. one engaged in 
 colportage. 
 
 colt (kolt), n. a young male horse; a 
 young foolish fellow ; one who plays 
 cricket for the first time for his 
 county ; a knotted rope's-end : v.t. 
 punish with a rope's-end. 
 
 coltish ('ish), adj. like a colt; 
 frisky. 
 
 colts-foot (-s'foot), n. a medicinal 
 herb. 
 
 Columbian (ko-lum'bi-an), n. a size 
 of printing-type. (See type.) 
 
 columbine (korum-bin), adj. per- 
 taining to, or like, a dove or pigeon : 
 n. a plant with flowers of five petals. 
 
 column (kol'um), n. a round pillar 
 to support or adorn a building ; any 
 body of certain dimensions pressing 
 vertically on its base ; a division of 
 the page of a book, &c. ; a formation 
 of troops in deep files. 
 
 columnar (ko-lum'nar), adj. having 
 the form or shape of a column. 
 
 coma (ko'ma), n. insensibility; stu- 
 por. 
 
 coma (ko'ma), n. [pi. comae ('me)], 
 the nebulous hair-like envelope sur- 
 rounding the nucleus of a comet; 
 the aggregate of branches forming 
 the leafy head of a tree. 
 
 comatose (ko'ma-tos), adj. torpid; 
 lethargic. 
 
 comb (kom), n. a toothed instrument 
 to separate and adjust the hair ; the 
 crest of a cock ; the crest of a wave 
 or hill ; a honeycomb : v.t. to dress 
 the hair with a comb ; grain : v.i. to 
 roll over, as the crest of a wave. 
 
 combat (kom'bat), v.i. to fight; act 
 in opposition : v.t. to fight with ; 
 oppose by force : n. a contest by 
 force ; a struggle. 
 
 combatant (-ant), n. one who com- 
 bats : adj. disposed to fight ; bearing 
 arms. 
 
 combative (-iv), adj. pugnacious. 
 
 combination (kom-bi-na'shun), n. 
 the union of bodies or qualities ; an 
 association of persons for a com- 
 mon object : pi. underclothing woven 
 in one piece. 
 
 combine (kom-bin'), v.t. to unite or 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 D -l 4 - book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
CO! 
 
 join; link closely together: v.i. to 
 unite, agree, or coalesce : n. a secret 
 combination, generally for fraudu- 
 lent purposes. 
 
 combustibility ( kom-bus-ti-bil'i-ti ) , 
 n. the property of being combustible. 
 
 combustible (kom-bus'ti-bl), adj. 
 inflammable : n. an inflammable 
 substance. 
 
 combustion (-bust'yun), n. the act 
 of burning; the state of being 
 burnt ; the union of an inflammable 
 substance with oxygen, &c, produc- 
 ing light and heat. 
 
 come (kum), v.i. [p.t. came, p.p. 
 come, p.pr. coming], to move to- 
 wards ; draw near ; reach ; happen ; 
 arrive at some state or condition : 
 v.t. to act or play the part of. 
 
 comedian (ko-me'di-an), n. an actor 
 or player in comedy : fern, comedi- 
 enne (ko-ma-di-en'), 
 
 comedy (kom'e-di), n. [pi. comedies 
 (-diz)], dramatic representation of 
 the humorous or ridiculous side of 
 human life. 
 
 comeliness (kum'li-nes), n. grace; 
 beauty. 
 
 comely (kum'li), adj. graceful; 
 handsome. 
 
 comet (kom'et), n. a luminous celes- 
 tial body, with an eccentric orbit, 
 consisting, when perfect, of a nu- 
 cleus, coma, and a tail. 
 
 cometary ('e-ta-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to a comet. 
 
 comfit (kum'fit), n. a dry sweetmeat. 
 
 comfort (kum'fert), v.t. to console; 
 strengthen; inspirit: n. a state of 
 quiet enjoyment ; consolation ; en- 
 couragement ; a quilted bed-cover. 
 
 comfortable ( 'f er-ta-bl ) , adj. im- 
 parting or enjoying comfort. 
 
 comforter (kum'fer-ter), n. one who 
 comforts ; a long woolen scarf. 
 
 comfrey (kum'fri), n. a rough hairy 
 plant. 
 
 comic (kom'ik) or comical (-al), 
 adj. exciting mirth. 
 
 comicality ('i-ti), n. the state of 
 being comical. 
 
 comically (-li), adv. in a comical 
 manner. 
 
 coming (kum'ing), n. an arrival: 
 adj. expected; future. 
 
 comique (ko-mek'), n. a comic actor 
 or singer. 
 
 comity (kom'i-ti), n. civility; polite- 
 ness ; acts of international courtesy. 
 
 comma (kom'a), n. a punctuation 
 point [,]. 
 
 command (kom-and', or -and'), v.t. 
 to order or charge with authority; 
 control ; exercise supreme authority 
 over ; lead : v.i. act as a commander ; 
 exercise power or authority : n. au- 
 thority ; an order or mandate ; a 
 dominating situation ; a naval or 
 military force under the command 
 of a particular officer. 
 
 commandant (-ant'), n. an officer 
 in command of a fortified place or a 
 body of troops. 
 
 commander ('er}, n. one who com- 
 mands ; a naval officer next below a 
 captain. 
 
 commandment (kom-and'ment), n. 
 a command ; a precept ; a law, es- 
 pecially any one of the Decalogue. 
 
 commando ('do), n. a military expe- 
 dition by private individuals ; the 
 quasi-military expeditions of the 
 English farmers and Boers of South 
 Africa against the natives. 
 
 commemorate (kom-em'o-rat), v.t. 
 to call to remembrance by a solemn 
 act ; celebrate with honor. 
 
 commemoration (-ra'shun), n. the 
 act of commemorating. 
 
 commemorative (-em'6-ra-tiv), adj. 
 preserving the memory of. 
 
 commemorator ('o-ra-ter), n. one 
 who commemorates. 
 
 commence (kom-ens'), v.i. to come 
 into existence ; begin : v.t. to enter 
 upon ; perform the first act of. 
 
 commencement ('ment), n. begin- 
 ning ; origin ; the annual festival 
 when degrees, &c, are conferred at 
 colleges. 
 
 commend (kom-end'), v.t. recom- 
 mend as worthy of notice ; praise ; 
 bring to mind. 
 
 commendation (-en-da'shun), n. the 
 act of commending ; approval. 
 
 commendatory ('a-to-ri), adj. serv- 
 ing to commend ; containing praise. 
 
 commensurability ( kom-en-su-ra- 
 bil'i-ti), n. the state of being com- 
 mensurable. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
com 
 
 commensurable ( kom-en'su-ra-bl ) , 
 adj. having, or reducible to, a com- 
 mon measure. 
 
 commensurate ('su-rat), adj. re- 
 ducible to a common measure; 
 equal. 
 
 comment (kom'ent), n. a spoken or 
 written remark, especially a written 
 note by way of explanation, &c. ; 
 criticism: v.i. (kom'- or kom-ent'), 
 to write notes or explanations on 
 the text of an author. 
 
 commentary ('en-ta-ri), n. [pi. com- 
 mentaries (-riz)], a series of ex- 
 planatory notes or annotations. 
 
 commentative (-tiv), adj. making 
 commentaries. 
 
 commentator (-ter), n. one who 
 writes notes to explain an author. 
 
 commerce (kom'ers), n. interchange 
 of merchandise on a large scale be- 
 tween nations or individuals ; inter- 
 course. 
 
 commercial (-er'shal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to trade or commerce] mercan- 
 tile. 
 
 commercialism (-izm), n. commer- 
 cial habits, methods, or principles. 
 
 commercially (-li), adv. in a com- 
 mercial manner. 
 
 commingle (ko-ming'gl), v.t. & v.i. 
 to mix ; blend. 
 
 comminute (kom'i-nut), v.t. to 
 make small or fine by grinding : adj. 
 divided into small parts. 
 
 commiserate (kom-iz'er-at), v.t. feel 
 pity for ; sympathize with in dis- 
 tress. 
 
 commiseration (-er-a'shun), n. pity. 
 
 commiserator ('er-a-ter), n. one 
 who pities. 
 
 commissariat (kom-is-a'ri-at), n. 
 the department of an army con- 
 cerned with the supply of trans- 
 ports, provisions, &c. 
 
 commissary ('is-a-ri), n. [pi. com- 
 missaries (-riz)], one to whom 
 some charge is committed by a su- 
 perior ; a delegate ; an official in the 
 commissariat department. 
 
 commission (kom-ish'un), n. a dele- 
 gation of business to anyone ; the 
 act of doing or committing ; a trust ; 
 a charge ; the warrant by which any- 
 thing is done ; one or more persons 
 appointed to perform certain speci- 
 
 fied duties ; brokerage or allowance : 
 v.t. empower ; send with authority. 
 
 commissioner (-ish'un-er), n. a per- 
 son empowered by a commission or 
 warrant; an officer in charge of 
 some department of the public serv- 
 ice. 
 
 commissure ('ish-ur), n. a joint or 
 seam ; the point of union between 
 two bodies. 
 
 commit (kom-it'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 committed, p.pr. committing], to 
 give in charge or trust ; surrender ; 
 consign ; perpetrate ; learn by heart ; 
 send for trial, or to prison. 
 
 commitment (-it'ment), n. the act 
 of committing. Also committal. 
 
 committee (-it'e), n. persons ap- 
 pointed to consider or manage any 
 matter. 
 
 commode (kom-6d'), n. a high head- 
 dress formerly in vogue; a chest of 
 drawers or bureau ; a night-stool. 
 
 commodious (-o'di-us), adj. useful; 
 convenient ; roomy. 
 
 commodity (-od'i-ti), n. [pi. com- 
 modities (-tiz)], that which is use- 
 ful ; an article of commerce : pi. 
 goods ; merchandise. 
 
 commodore ('o-dor), n. a captain 
 commanding a squadron ; the lead- 
 ing ship in a fleet of merchantmen. 
 
 common (kom'un), adj. belonging 
 equally to more than one ; public ; 
 usual ; frequent ; inferior ; of low 
 birth or origin ; applied to nouns 
 that are both masculine and femi- 
 nine : n. a tract of open public land. 
 
 common council (koun'sil), n. the 
 representative body of a city or mu- 
 nicipal corporation. 
 
 common law (law), n. the unwrit- 
 ten law of England based on imme- 
 morial usage. 
 
 commonage (-aj), n. the right of 
 pasturing on common land. 
 
 commonalty (-al-ti), n. the common 
 people. 
 
 commoner (-er), n. one not a peer; 
 a member of the House of Com- 
 mons ; one who has a joint right in 
 common land ; at Oxford, a student 
 not on the foundation. 
 
 commonly (-li), adv. usually; mean- 
 ly. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
com 
 
 commonplace (-plas), n. a memo- 
 randum for ready reference; an ob- 
 vious remark ; anything ordinary : 
 adj. uninteresting ; trite ; common ; 
 neither new nor striking. 
 
 common-sense (-sens), adj. charac- 
 terized by sound practical judgment. 
 
 commonweal (-wel), n. the public 
 good. 
 
 commonwealth (-welth), n. the 
 whole body of people in a state; a 
 republic. 
 
 commotion (-o'shun), n. violent 
 agitation. 
 
 communal ('u-nal), adj. pertaining 
 to a commune. 
 
 communalism (-izm), n. govern- 
 ment by communes or corporations 
 of towns and districts. 
 
 commune (-un'), v.t. to converse to- 
 gether ; impart ; take counsel ; par- 
 take of the Eucharist, or Holy Com- 
 munion. 
 
 communicability ( -u-ni-ka-bil'i-ti ) , 
 n. the quality of being communica- 
 ble. 
 
 communicable (u'ni-ka-bl), adj. im- 
 partible. 
 
 communicant (-u'ni-kant), adj. 
 communicating : n. a partaker, es- 
 pecially of the Eucharist. 
 
 communicate (-kat), v.t. to impart; 
 reveal : v.i. to share ; partake of the 
 Eucharist. 
 
 communication (-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of communicating; means of 
 passing from one place to another ; 
 news ; intercourse. 
 
 communicative (-ka-tiv), adj. un- 
 reserved. 
 
 communicator (-ka-ter), 11. one 
 who, or anything which, communi- 
 cates. 
 
 communicatory (-to-ri), adj. im- 
 parting knowledge. 
 
 communion (-un'yun), n. inter- 
 course ; fellowship ; common posses- 
 sion; a religious body; the partak- 
 ing of the Eucharist. 
 
 communism (kom'u-nizm), n. the 
 doctrine of having property in com- 
 mon ; socialism. 
 
 communist ('u-nist), n. a supporter 
 of communism ; a socialist ; a mem- 
 ber of the Commune of Paris 
 (1871). 
 
 communistic (-is'tik), adj. relating 
 to communism. 
 
 community (-u'ni-ti), n. [pi. com- 
 munities (-tiz)], a body of persons 
 having common rights, interests, 
 and privileges ; a corporation ; so- 
 ciety generally ; common character. 
 
 commutability (u-ta-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being commutable. 
 
 commutable (-u'ta-bl), adj. inter- 
 changeable. 
 
 commutation (-u-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of commuting; change or ex- 
 change. 
 
 commutative ('ta-tiv), adj. pertain- 
 ing to exchange. 
 
 commute ( kom-ut' ) , v.t. to exchange ; 
 substitute; reduce the severity of; 
 regulate the direction of an electric 
 current : v.i. to pay in gross amount. 
 
 compact (kom'pakt), n. an agree- 
 ment or covenant: v.t. (kom-pakt'), 
 to press or pack closely; consoli- 
 date. 
 
 companion (kom-pan'yun), n. a 
 comrade ; an associate or partner : 
 the hut over a ship's ladder : adj. 
 attendant. 
 
 companionship (-ship), n. fellow- 
 ship. 
 
 company (kum'pa-ni), n. [pi. com- 
 panies (-niz)], an assemblage of 
 people ; a body of persons associated 
 together; society; fellowship; a 
 firm ; a ship's crew ; a subdivision 
 of a regiment : v.i. associate with. 
 
 comparable ( kom'pa-ra-bl ) , adj. ca- 
 pable of being compared ; of equal 
 regard. 
 
 comparative (-par'a-tiv), adj. esti- 
 mated by comparison ; not positive : 
 n. the comparative degree of gram- 
 mar. 
 
 compare (-par'), v.t. to make one 
 thing the measure of another ; in- 
 flect so as to form the degrees of 
 comparison: v.i. to bear a compari- 
 son. 
 
 comparison (-par'i-sun), n. the act 
 of comparing; an illustration or 
 simile. 
 
 compartment (-part'ment), n. a 
 division by a partition, as of a car- 
 riage, &c. ; a panel. 
 
 compass (kum'pas), v.t. to encircle; 
 walk around ; besiege : n. a circular 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
com 
 
 course ; a circumference ; extent ; 
 grasp; an instrument indicating the 
 magnetic meridian : pi. a mathemati- 
 cal instrument for dividing and 
 drawing circles. 
 
 compassion (kom-pash'un), n. sor- 
 row for the sufferings of others ; 
 sympathy; pity. 
 
 compassionate (-at), v.t. to have 
 compassion for : adj. sympathetic ; 
 merciful. 
 
 compatibility (kom-pat-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being compatible ; 
 congruity. 
 
 compatible ( 'i-bl ) , adj. congruous ; 
 suitable. 
 
 compatriot (-pa'tri-ot), n. a fellow 
 countryman. 
 
 compeer (kom-per'), n. an equal. 
 
 compel (kom-pel' ), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 compelled, p.pr. compelling], to 
 urge irresistibly ; force. 
 
 compend (kom'pend), n. an abridg- 
 ment. 
 
 compendious (-pen'di-us), adj. suc- 
 cinct. 
 
 compendium ('di-um), n. an abridg- 
 ment. 
 
 compensate (kom'pen- or kom-pen'- 
 sat), v.t. to recompense; make 
 amends for : v.i. to make compensa- 
 tion. 
 
 compensation (-sa'shun), n. 
 amends ; recompense ; a set-off. 
 
 compensation-balance (-bal'ans), 
 n. a watch balance-wheel, construct- 
 ed to counteract variations in tem- 
 perature. 
 
 compensative ('sa-tiv), adj. making 
 compensation. Also compensatory. 
 
 compensator ('pen-sa-ter), n. one 
 who compensates. 
 
 compete (kom-pet'), v.i. enter into 
 competition with another ; rival. 
 
 competence (kom'pe-tens), n. the 
 state of being competent; suffi- 
 ciency. Also competency. 
 
 competent (-tent), adj. fit; able; 
 suitable ; qualified ; moderate. 
 
 competition (-tish'un), n. rivalry. 
 
 competitive (kom-pet'i-tiv), adj. 
 pertaining to competition ; emulous. 
 
 competitor ('i-ter), n. a rival. 
 
 compilation (-i-la'shun), n. the act 
 of compiling; the thing compiled. 
 
 compile (kom-pil'), v.t. to put to- I 
 
 gether in fresh form existing mate- 
 rials. 
 
 complacence (kom-pla'sens), n. in- 
 ward satisfaction. Also compla- 
 cency. 
 
 complacent ('sent), adj. affable. 
 
 complain ( kom-plan' ) , v.i. to express 
 grief, pain, or resentment ; charge 
 formally. 
 
 complainant ('ant), n. a plaintiff. 
 
 complaint (-plant'), n. an accusa- 
 tion ; an expression of grief or pain ; 
 ailment. 
 
 complaisance (-pla-sans'), n. cour- 
 tesy. 
 
 complaisant (-sant'), adj. courte- 
 ous. 
 
 complected (-plek'ted), adj. inter- 
 woven ; complexioned. 
 
 complement ('ple-ment), n. full 
 number or quantity ; a complete set : 
 v.t. to supply a deficiency. 
 
 complemental ('al), adj. complet- 
 ing. Also complementary. 
 
 complete ( kom-plet' ) , adj. free from 
 deficiency ; entire ; absolute ; fin- 
 ished : v.t. to supply what is lack- 
 ing ; finish. 
 
 completely ('li), adv. in a complete 
 manner. 
 
 completion (-ple'shun), n. accom- 
 plishment. 
 
 complex (kom'pleks), adj. composed 
 of various parts of things ; compos- 
 ite; intricate. 
 
 complexion (-plek'shun), n. the 
 color of the skin, especially the face ; 
 aspect. 
 
 complexional (-al), adj. pertaining 
 to the complexion. 
 
 complexioned ('shund), adj. having 
 a complexion. 
 
 complexity ('i-ti), n. the state of 
 being complex. Also complexness. 
 
 complexly ('li), adv. in a complex 
 manner. 
 
 compilable (kom-pli'a-bl), adj. com- 
 pliant. 
 
 compliance Cans), n. acquiescence. 
 
 compliant ('ant), adj. yielding. 
 
 complicacy ('pli-ka-si), n. the state 
 of being complicate. 
 
 complicate ('pli-kat), v.t. to make 
 intricate ; involve : adj. intricate ; 
 folded together. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 
 
com 
 
 complication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of complicating ; the state of being 
 complicated. 
 
 complicity (-plis'i-ti), n. partner- 
 ship in crime. 
 
 compiler (-pli'er), n. one who com- 
 plies. 
 
 compliment ('pli-ment), n. a formal 
 act or expression of cqurtesy ; deli- 
 cate flattery : v.t. to flatter ; con- 
 gratulate ; praise. 
 
 complimentary ('ta-ri), adj. con- 
 veying a compliment. Also com- 
 plimental. 
 
 comply (kom-pli'), v.L [p.t. & p.p. 
 
 ■ complied, p.pr. complying], to yield 
 assent ; agree to. 
 
 compo (kom'po), n. a kind of con- 
 crete ; a material for printing-roll- 
 ers. 
 
 component (kom-po'nent), adj. con- 
 stituent : n. an elementary part of a 
 compound. 
 
 comport (-port'), v.i. to agree; har- 
 monize : v.t. to behave. 
 
 compose (-poz'), v.t. to form by 
 combination ; write as an author ; 
 calm ; adjust ; arrange in proper 
 order ; put together. 
 
 composed (-pozd'), adj. tranquil; 
 quiet. 
 
 composer (-poz'er), n. one who com- 
 poses ; one who calms ; a musical 
 author. 
 
 composing (-poz'ing), adj. tending 
 to calm ; pertaining to, or used in, 
 composition. 
 
 composite (-poz'it), adj. compound. 
 
 composition (-pd-zish'un), n. the 
 act of composing ; the thing com- 
 posed ; a mass formed by mingling 
 various ingredients ; mutual settle- 
 ment or agreement; a musical or 
 literary work ; the art of forming 
 sentences. 
 
 compositor (-poz'i-ter), n. one who 
 sets types. 
 
 compost ('post), n. a mixture of 
 various substances for fertilizing 
 the ground ; builders' compost : v.t. 
 to manure with compost ; plaster or 
 stucco. 
 
 composure (-po'zhur), n. tranquil- 
 lity. 
 
 compote ('pot), n. stewed fruit. 
 
 compound (-pound'), v.t. to mix or 
 combine together ; settle by mutual 
 agreement ; discharge a debt by pay- 
 ing a part: adj. (kom'pound), com- 
 posed of two or more elements or 
 ingredients or words : n. a mixture 
 of two or more elements or ingredi- 
 ents. 
 
 compounder ('er), n. one who com- 
 pounds medicines, &c. ; one who 
 compounds a debt or felony ; one 
 who pays for certain charges by a 
 fixed sum. 
 
 comprehend (kom-pre-hend'), v.t. to 
 include or comprise; grasp with the 
 mind ; conceive. 
 
 comprehensibility (-hen-si-bil'i-ti), 
 n. the quality or state of being com- 
 prehensible. 
 
 comprehensible ('si-bl), adj. intel- 
 ligible. 
 
 comprehension (-hen'shun), n. the 
 act of comprehending ; extent, un- 
 derstanding. 
 
 comprehensive (-hen'siv), adj. in- 
 cluding much ; full. 
 
 compress (kom-pres'), v.t. to press 
 together ; condense : n. ( kom'pres ) , 
 a soft pad used in surgery to main- 
 tain pressure. 
 
 compressibility (-pres-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of yielding to pressure. 
 
 compressible (-pres'i-bl), adj. con- 
 densable. 
 
 compression (-presh'un), n. con- 
 densation. 
 
 compressive (-pres'iv), adj. that 
 compresses. 
 
 compressor (-pres'er), n. one who, 
 or that which, compresses. 
 
 comprisal (kom-pri'zal), n. the act 
 of comprising. 
 
 comprise (-priz'), v.t. to compre- 
 hend. 
 
 compromise (kom'pro-miz), n. a set- 
 tlement by mutual concessions : v.t. 
 to settle by compromise ; expose to 
 risk. 
 
 comptroller (kon-trol'er). See con- 
 troller. • 
 
 compulsion (kom-pul'shun), n. the 
 act of compelling ; force ; constraint. 
 
 compulsive (-pul'siv), adj. forcible. 
 
 compulsorily (-pul'so-ri-li), adv. 
 forcibly. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
com 
 
 con 
 
 compulsory (-pul'so-ri), adj. exer- 
 cising compulsion ; obligatory. 
 
 compunction (-pungk'shun), n. con- 
 trition. 
 
 compurgation (-per-ga'shun), n. the 
 practice of justifying one man's ve- 
 racity by the testimony of another. 
 
 computable (kom-put'a-bl), adj. 
 that may be computed. 
 
 computation (-pu-ta'shun), n. the 
 act or process of computing ; esti- 
 mate. 
 
 compute (-put'), v.t. to number; 
 reckon. 
 
 comrade (kom'rad), n. a companion. 
 
 con (kon), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. conned, p. 
 pr. conning], to peruse carefully; 
 fix in the mind by constant repeti- 
 tion; to direct (a helmsman) how 
 to steer. 
 
 conation (ko-na'shun), n. the fac- 
 ulty of voluntary agency, including 
 volition and desire. 
 
 conative (ko'na- or kon'a-tiv), adj. 
 pertaining to the faculty of cona- 
 tion ; expressing endeavor or effort. 
 
 concatenation ( kon-kat-e-na'shun ) , 
 n. a series of things united like 
 links. 
 
 concave (kon'kav), adj. hollow and 
 curved. 
 
 concave lens (lenz), n. a lens one 
 side of which is flat and the other 
 slightly concave. 
 
 concavity (-kav'i-ti), n. [pi. con- 
 cavities (-tiz)], the state of being 
 concave ; the inner surface of a 
 rounded hollow body. 
 
 concavo-concave ( kon-ka'vo-kon'- 
 kav), adj. hollow on both surfaces, 
 as a lens. 
 
 concavo-convex (-kon'veks), adj. 
 concave on one side, convex on the 
 other. 
 
 conceal (kon-seT), v.t. to hide; keep 
 secret ; disguise. 
 
 concealment ('ment), n. the act of 
 hiding or keeping secret ; a place of 
 hiding ; shelter. 
 
 concede (-sed'), v.t. to yield; admit. 
 
 conceit (-set'), n. an idea; an over- 
 estimate of one's own abilities ; a 
 quaint fancy. 
 
 conceivability (-sev-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being conceivable. 
 
 conceivable (-sev'a-bl), adj. imag- 
 inable. 
 
 conceive (-seV), v.t. imagine; un- 
 derstand ; develop in the womb : v.t. 
 to think ; become pregnant. 
 
 concentrate (kon-sen'trat), v.t. to 
 bring to one point or common cen- 
 ter ; intensify the action of ; con- 
 dense: adj. reduced to a pure or 
 dense state. 
 
 concentration (-sen-tra'shun), «. 
 the state of being concentrated; 
 condensation. 
 
 concentrativeness ('tra-tiv-nes), n, 
 the power of fixing the mind on a 
 particular subject. 
 
 concentrator (-tra-ter), n. a pneu- 
 matic apparatus for separating dry 
 ores when comminuted. 
 
 concentric (-sen'trik), adj. having a 
 common center. 
 
 concentricity (-sen-tris'i-ti), n. the 
 state of being concentric. 
 
 concept (kon'sept), n. an abstract 
 general notion or conception. 
 
 conceptacle (-sep'ta-kl), n. that 
 which contains anything; a follicle. 
 
 conception (-sep'shun), n. the im- 
 pregnation of the ovum ; the act or 
 power of conceiving in the mind; 
 an idea or notion. 
 
 conceptive (-sep'tiv), adj. capable 
 of conceiving mentally or physically. 
 
 conceptualist ('tu-al-ist), n. one 
 who holds the theory (conceptual- 
 ism) that the mind can form for 
 itself general conceptions. 
 
 concern (kon-sern'), v.t. to relate or 
 belong to ; interest or engage ; make 
 uneasy : n. business ; affair ; inter- 
 est ; anxiety ; a firm. 
 
 concerning ('ing), prep, relating to. 
 
 concernment ('ment), n. solicitude; 
 affair. 
 
 concert (kon-sert'), v.t. to contrive 
 or devise together; adjust or ar- 
 range mutually: n. (kon'sert) a 
 musical entertainment ; co-opera- 
 tion ; harmony, or mutual agree- 
 ment. 
 
 concerted ('ed), adj. mutually 
 planned or agreed upon ; arranged 
 in parts. 
 
 concertina (-ser-te'na), n. a musical 
 instrument of the accordion class. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
con 
 
 concertino (-te'no), n. a small con- 
 certo. 
 
 concerto (-ser'to, Italian -char'to), n. 
 [pi. concertos ('toz)]. a musical 
 composition for a solo instrument, 
 with an orchestral accompaniment. 
 
 concession ( kon-sesh'un ) , n. the act 
 of conceding ; the thing conceded ; 
 land, privileges, &c, granted by a 
 government to a company, &c, for 
 some specific purpose. 
 
 concessionaire (-un-ar'), n. a per- 
 son holding a concession. 
 
 concessive (-ses'iv), adj. implying 
 concession. 
 
 concessory (-ses'o-ri), adj. conced- 
 ing. 
 
 conch (kongk), n. a marine shell. 
 
 concha (kong'ka), w.* [pi. conchse 
 (-ke)], the outer ear; auricle; the 
 dome of an apse. 
 
 concho-grass ('ko-gras), n. a valua- 
 ble forage grass of the southern 
 United States. 
 
 conchoid ('koid), n. sl shell-like 
 curve. 
 
 conchology ('kol-o-ji), n. the branch 
 of zoology which treats of mollusks 
 and their shells. 
 
 concierge (kong-si-arzh'), n. in 
 France, a door-keeper or janitor. 
 
 conciliate (kon-sil'i-at), v.t. to rec- 
 oncile ; win or gain the affections of. 
 
 conciliator (-a-ter), w. one who 
 conciliates. 
 
 conciliatory (-to-ri), adj. tending 
 to conciliate or reconcile. Also con- 
 ciliative. 
 
 concise (kon-sis'), adj. condensed, 
 terse. 
 
 concisely ('li), adv. tersely; briefly. 
 
 conciseness ('nes), n. brevity. 
 
 conclave (kon'klav), n. a private 
 meeting, as of cardinals for the 
 election of a Pope. 
 
 conclude (kon-klud'), v.t. to infer; 
 determine ; settle ; end : v.i. draw 
 an inference. 
 
 conclusion (-klii'zhun), n. a final 
 determination ; result ; end. 
 
 conclusive (-klu'siv), adj. decisive; 
 final. 
 
 concoct (kon-kokf), v.t. to digest; 
 cook ; assimilate mentally ; plot. 
 
 concoction (-kok'shun), n. the act 
 
 of concocting; a plan or plot; a 
 compound of various ingredients. 
 
 concomitance (-kom'i-tans), n. the 
 state of being concomitant. Also 
 concomitancy. 
 
 concomitant ('i-tant), n. accom- 
 panying ; conjoined with : n. an at- 
 tendant. 
 
 concord (kong' or kon'kord), n. har- 
 mony ; union ; agreement. 
 
 concordance ( kon-kor'dans ) , n. 
 agreement ; a dictionary of words or 
 passages, with references to the 
 places where they occur, especially 
 in the Bible. 
 
 concordant ('dant), adj. harmoni- 
 ous. 
 
 concordat ('dat), n. a compact or 
 agreement, especially between 
 Church and State. 
 
 concourse (kong'kors), n. arriving 
 together ; an assembly or crowd. 
 
 concrete (kon'kret), adj. united in 
 growth ; coalesced ; not abstract : n. 
 a mass formed by concretion ; a 
 compact mass of lime, sand, gravel, 
 mortar, &c, used for building : v.i. 
 (kon-kret'), to coalesce: v.t. to form 
 by the union of particles. 
 
 concretion (kon-kre'shun), n. the 
 act of concreting; a mass formed 
 by the union of separate particles. 
 
 concretionary (-a-ri), adj. charac- 
 terized by concretions. 
 
 concretive ('tiv), adj. producing con- 
 cretes. 
 
 concubinage (kong-ku'bi-naj), n. 
 the act of living as man and wife 
 without being legally married. 
 
 concubine (kong'ku-bin), n. a wom- 
 an who lives with a man without 
 being legally married. 
 
 concupiscence (kon-ku'pi-sens), n. 
 illicit sexual desire ; unlawful de- 
 sire. 
 
 concupiscent (-sent), adj. lustful. 
 
 concur (kon-ker'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 concurred, p.pr. concurring], to 
 agree or unite in action or opinion ; 
 coincide. 
 
 concurrence (-kur'ens), n. the act 
 of concurring ; agreement ; consent. 
 
 concurrent (-kur'ent), adj. acting 
 in union or conjunction ; joint and 
 equal in authority; meeting at one 
 
 ate, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
c 
 

 *' El * ' 1 
 ■ i 1 
 
 ■! 1 
 
 71 jm 
 
 CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 
 
con 
 
 point : n. that which concurs ; a con- 
 tributory cause. 
 
 concussion (-kush'un), n. the shock 
 caused by two bodies coming violent- 
 ly together ; injury by a fall. 
 
 condemn (kon-deni'), v.t. to pro- 
 nounce or judge guilty ; blame ; cen- 
 sure ; declare to be forfeited. 
 
 condemnation (-dem-na'shun), n. 
 the act of condemning. 
 
 condemnatory (-dem'na-to-ri), adj. 
 implying condemnation. 
 
 condensability ( kon-den-sa-bil'i-ti ) , 
 n. the quality of being condensable. 
 
 condensable (-den'sa-bl), adj. capa- 
 ble of condensation. 
 
 condensation (-den-sa'shun), n. 
 compression. 
 
 condense (-dens'), v.t. to compress; 
 make close or thick : v.i. grow dense. 
 
 condenser ('er), n. an apparatus for 
 reducing gases or vapors to a liquid 
 or solid form ; a device for storing 
 electricity ; a lens for concentrat- 
 ing light. 
 
 condescend ( kon-de-send' ) , v.i. to 
 stoop ; descend ; yield ; deign. 
 
 condescension (-de-sen'shun), n. the 
 act of condescending; voluntary 
 humiliation. 
 
 condign (-din'), adj. well-deserved; 
 suitable. 
 
 condiment (kon'di-ment), n. a sea- 
 soning. 
 
 condition (kon-dish'un), n. state; 
 quality ; external circumstances ; 
 stipulation or terms of a contract : 
 v.t. 'to contract or stipulate; bring 
 into and keep in bodily health ; ex- 
 amine. 
 
 conditionally (-al-li), adv. with cer- 
 tain limitations. 
 
 condolatory (-do'la-to-ri), adj. ex- 
 pressing condolence. 
 
 condole (kon-dol'), v.t. to lament: 
 v.i. to express sympathy for an- 
 other [with with']. 
 
 condolence ('ens), n. sympathy. 
 
 condonation (-do-na'shun), n. the 
 act of pardoning a wrong act. 
 
 condone (kon-don'), v.t. to pardon, 
 especially a violation of marital duty. 
 
 condor (kon'der), n. a very large 
 South American vulture. 
 
 conduce (-dus'), v.i. to tend to; con- 
 tribute. 
 
 conducible (-du'si-bl), adj. tending; 
 contributing ; promoting. 
 
 conducive (-siv), adj. having the 
 quality or power of conducing [with 
 to]. 
 
 conduct (kon-dukf), v.t. to guide; 
 direct; manage; behave: n. (kon'- 
 dukt) personal behavior or prac- 
 tice ; management. 
 
 conductance (kon-duk'tans), n. 
 power or capacity for conducting 
 electricity. 
 
 conductibility ( kon-duk-ti-bil'i-ti ) , 
 n. the capability of being conducted. 
 
 conductible (-duk'ti-bl), adj. ca- 
 pable of being conducted. 
 
 conduction (-duk'shun), n. trans- 
 mission by a conductor. 
 
 conductive (-duk'tiv), adj. having 
 the quality or power of conducting. 
 
 conductivity (-duk-tiv'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being conductive. 
 
 conductor (duk'ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, conducts ; a leader or 
 guide; one who has charge of a 
 car or train ; a substance which con- 
 ducts or transmits certain forces. 
 
 conduit (kon' or kun'dit), n. a canal 
 or pipe for the conveyance^ water, 
 &c. 
 
 cone (kon), n. a geometrical figure 
 broad, round, and broad at the bot- 
 tom, and lessening the circumference 
 towards the top ; the fruit of the 
 fir, pine, &c. ; a storm-cone : v.t. to 
 shape like the segment of a cone. 
 
 coney (ko'ni), another form of cony. 
 
 confab (kon'fab), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 confabbed, p.pr. confabbing], to 
 chat. 
 
 confabulation (-fab-it-la'shun), n. 
 a chat. 
 
 confection (-fek'shun), n. anything 
 conserved or compounded with 
 sugar ; a sweetmeat. 
 
 confectioner (-er), n. one who pre- 
 pares and sells sweetmeats, &c. 
 
 confectionery (-i), n. [pi. confec- 
 tioneries (-iz)], sweetmeats, cakes, 
 preserves, &c. 
 
 confederacy (-fed'er-a-si), n. [pi. 
 confederacies (-siz)], persons, 
 states, or nations united in a 
 league; unlawful combination. 
 
 confederate ('er-at), v.i. to unite in 
 a league : adj. united by a league : 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
con 
 
 con 
 
 n. a member of a confederation^ an 
 ally; an accomplice. 
 
 confederation (-er-a'shun), n. the 
 act of confederating ; an alliance ; 
 an alliance of states previously in- 
 dependent. 
 
 confederative (-fed'er-a-tiv), adj. 
 of, or belonging to, a confederation. 
 
 confer (kon-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 conferred, p.pr. conferring], to give 
 or bestow : v.i. to consult together ; 
 converse. 
 
 conference ('fer-ens), n. the act of 
 consulting together formally; an 
 appointed meeting for discussing 
 some topic or business ; an ecclesias- 
 tical assembly. 
 
 confess (kon-fes'), v.t. to admit or 
 acknowledge ; avow ; grant ; prove ; 
 hear (as a priest) a confession: v.i. 
 disclose the state of one's conscience 
 to a priest and receive absolution. 
 
 confession (-fesh'un), n. act of con- 
 fessing; anything disclosed or 
 acknowledged. 
 
 confessional (-al), n. an inclosed 
 cabinet, in which a priest sits to 
 hear confessions; the practice of 
 auricular confession. 
 
 confessor (kon' or kon-fes'er), n. 
 one who makes a profession of his 
 faith and suffers persecution ; a 
 priest who hears confessions and 
 grants absolution. 
 
 confetto (-fet'to), n. [pi. confetti 
 ('ti)], a sweetmeat; a plaster pel- 
 let used for pelting at carnivals. 
 
 confidant ('fi-dant), n. a confiden- 
 tial or bosom friend : fern, confi- 
 dante. 
 
 confide (kon-fid'), v.i. have confi- 
 dence in : v.t. to trust fully [with 
 to]. 
 
 confidence (kon'fi-dens), n. trust; 
 reliance. 
 
 confident (-dent), adj. full of con- 
 fidence ; positive : bold ; dogmatical. 
 
 confidential (-den'shal), adj. spoken 
 or written in confidence ; trust- 
 worthy. 
 
 confidentially (-li), adv. in a con- 
 fidential manner. 
 
 configuration (-fig-u-ra r shun), n. ex- 
 ternal form ; relative position of the 
 planets. 
 
 confine (kon'fin), n. a boundary, 
 
 border, or limit ; a frontier [usually 
 pi.] : v.t. (kon-fin'), to restrict 
 within limits; imprison. 
 
 confinement (kon-fln'ment), n. the 
 act of confining ; childbirth. 
 
 confirm (kon-ferm'), v.t. to 
 strengthen; ratify; administer the 
 rite of confirmation. 
 
 confirmation (-fer-ma'shun), n. the 
 act of confirming ; verification ; evi- 
 dence ; admission to full communion 
 after baptism. 
 
 confirmatory- ('a-to-ri), adj. serving 
 to confirm. 
 
 confiscate (kon-fis' or kon'fis-kat), 
 v.t. to adjudge to be forfeited to the 
 public treasury; seize, as thus for- 
 feited. 
 
 confiscation (-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of confiscating. 
 
 confiscator ('fis-ka-ter), n. one who 
 confiscates. 
 
 confiscatory (-fis'ka-to-ri), adj. char- 
 acterized by, or attended with, con- 
 fiscation. 
 
 conflagration (-fla-gra'shun), n. a 
 great fire. 
 
 conflict (kon-flikf), v.i. to strike or 
 dash together ; contend ; fight : n. 
 (kon'flikt), a fight or struggle for 
 the mastery ; a battle ; antagonism ; 
 a violent collision. 
 
 conflicting ('ting), adj. opposing. 
 
 confluence ( kon'flu-ens ) , n. the junc- 
 tion of two or more streams ; an 
 assembly. 
 
 confluent (-ent), adj. flowing or run- 
 ning together : n. a tributary river 
 or stream. 
 
 conflux ('fluks), n. the meeting to- 
 gether of two or more streams; a 
 crowd. 
 
 conform (kon-form'), v.t. to make 
 like ; bring into harmony [usually 
 with to] : v.i. to be in harmony j 
 with ; comply with. 
 
 conf ormability (-form-a-biri-ti) , 
 n. the quality or state of being 
 conformable. 
 
 conformable ('a-bl). adj. like; cor- 
 responding ; compliant ; in parallel 
 order. 
 
 conformation (-for-ma'shun), n. 
 structure ; arrangement ; shape. 
 
 conformist ('ist), n. a member of 
 the Established Church of England. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, fften. * 
 
con 
 
 conformity ('i-ti), n. compliance 
 with established forms ; resemblance. 
 
 confound ( kon-found' ) , v.t. to min- 
 gle ; perplex ; astonish ; confuse ; 
 overthrow. 
 
 confraternity (-fra-ter'ni-ti), n. 
 [pi. confraternities (-tiz)], a broth- 
 erhood or society of men associated 
 for a common purpose. 
 
 confrere (kon-frar'), n. an asso- 
 ciate. 
 
 confront (kon-frunt'), v.t. to stand 
 face to face [with with] ; oppose ; 
 compare. 
 
 confuse (kon-fuz'), v.t. to mingle; 
 jumble up ; render indistinct ; dis- 
 concert ; perplex. 
 
 confusion (-fu'zhun), n. the act of 
 confusing ; perplexity ; loss of self- 
 possession ; disorder ; tumult. 
 
 confutation (-fu-ta'shun), n. dis- 
 proof. 
 
 confute (kon-fiit'), v.t. to prove to be 
 false or invalid; convict of error. 
 
 congenial (-je'nial), adj. kindred; 
 from a liquid to a solid state by 
 cold : v.i. to concrete by cold. 
 
 congelation (-je-la'shun), n. the act 
 of congealing. 
 
 congenial (-je'nial), adj. kindred; 
 pleasant and sympathetic ; cognate. 
 
 congeniality (-ni-al'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being congenial. 
 
 congenital (-jen'i-tal), adj. existing, 
 or produced, at birth ; constitutional. 
 
 conger (kong'ger), n. a large sea-eel. 
 
 congeries (kon-je'ri-ez), n. sing. & 
 pi. a collection of particles into one 
 
 congest (kon-jesf), v.t. to accumu- 
 late. 
 
 congested ('ed), p.adj. unduly 
 crowded ; containing an unnatural 
 accumulation of blood. 
 
 congestion (-jest'yun), n. an over- 
 crowded condition, especially of the 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 congestive ('tiv), adj. implying con- 
 gestion. 
 
 conglomerate (-glom'er-at), v.t. to 
 gather into a ball or round mass : 
 adj. collected or clustered together : 
 n. a rock composed of rounded or 
 water-worn fragments of pre-exis- 
 tent rocks. 
 
 conglomeration (-er-a'shun), n. the 
 
 act of conglomerating ; a miscella- 
 neous collection. 
 
 conglutinate ('ti-nat), v.t. to glue 
 together : adj. glued together ; united 
 by an adhesive substance. 
 
 conglutination (-na'shun), n. the 
 act of gluing or joining together ; 
 coalescence. 
 
 conglutinative ('ti-na-tiv), adj. 
 having power to unite or heal 
 wounds. 
 
 congratulate (kon-grat'u-lat), v.t, 
 to felicitate on account of some 
 happy event [with on or upon]. 
 
 congratulation (-grat-u-la'shun), n. 
 the act of congratulating. 
 
 congratulator ('u-la-ter), n. one 
 who congratulates. 
 
 congratulatory (-to-ri), adj. ex- 
 pressing congratulations. 
 
 congregate (kong'gre-gat), v.t. to 
 assemble ; gather together : v.i. to 
 come together. 
 
 congregation (-ga'shun), n. an as- 
 sembly, especially of persons for 
 religious worship. 
 
 congregational (-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a congregation. 
 
 Congregationalism ( 'shun-al-izm ) , 
 n. a democratic form of church gov- 
 ernment, each congregation being 
 self-governed. 
 
 Congregationalist (-al-ist), n. an 
 adherent to Congregationalism : adj. 
 pertaining to Congregationalism. 
 
 congress (kong'gres), n. a confer- 
 ence ; an assembly of ambassadors, 
 &c, for the settlement of interna- 
 tional affairs. 
 
 Congress (kong'gres), n. the na- 
 tional legislature of the United 
 States. 
 
 Congressional ( kon-gresh'un-al ) , 
 adj. pertaining to Congress. 
 
 Congressman (-man), n. a member 
 of Congress, especially of the House 
 of Representatives. 
 
 congruence ('groo-ens), n. suitabil- 
 ity ; agreement ; consistency. Also 
 congruency. 
 
 congruent Cent), adj. suitable; 
 agreeing. 
 
 congruity ('i-ti), n. agreement; fit- 
 ness. 
 
 congruous ('groo-us)', adj. accord- 
 ant; fit. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
conic (kon'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 shaped like, a cone. Also conical : 
 n.pl. the branch of geometry which 
 treats of the parabola, ellipse, and 
 hyperbola ; conic sections. 
 
 coniferous (ko-nif'er-us), adj. bear- 
 ing cones. 
 
 coniform (ko-ni-form), adj. cone- 
 shaped. 
 
 conine (ko'nin), n. a very poisonous 
 alkaloid existing in the hemlock. 
 
 conjectural ( kon-jek'tur-al ) , adj. 
 doubtful. 
 
 conjecturally (-li), adv. doubtfully. 
 
 conjecture ('tur), n. a probable in- 
 ference ; a guess : v.t. to imagine ; 
 surmise : v.i. to form conjectures. 
 
 conjoin (kon-join'), v.t. to join to- 
 gether ; connect or associate : v.i. to 
 unite. 
 
 conjoint (-joint') , adj. united; co- 
 operating. 
 
 conjugal ('joo-gal), adj. of, or per- 
 taining to, marriage ; connubial. 
 
 conjugality ('i-ti), n. the married 
 state. 
 
 conjugally (-li), adv. connubially. 
 
 conjugate (kon'ju-gat), v.t. to in- 
 flect (verbs) : v.i. to unite in conju- 
 gation : adj. combined in pairs ; kin- 
 dred in meaning and origin : n. a 
 word agreeing in derivation with 
 another word. 
 
 conjugation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
 of conjugating ; the inflection of a 
 verb ; a kind of sexual union. 
 
 conjunct (kon-jungkf), adj. con- 
 joined. 
 
 conjunction (-jungk'shun), n. un- 
 ion ; association ; connection ; the ap- 
 parent meeting of two or more stars 
 or planets ; a word used to connect 
 sentences or words. 
 
 conjunctive (-jungk'tiv), adj. serv- 
 ing to unite ; closely connected : n. 
 the conjunctive mood. 
 
 conjunctive mood (mood), n. the 
 mood which expresses contingency 
 or condition. 
 
 conjunctively (-li), adv. in union. 
 
 conjuncture ('tur), n. a combina- 
 tion of many circumstances or 
 causes ; a critical time. 
 
 conjuration (kon-ju-ra'shun), n. the 
 act of conjuring or invoking; an in- 
 
 cantation ; an enchantment ; solemn 
 entreaty. 
 
 conjure (kon-jur'), v.t. to summon 
 in a sacred name ; enjoin with the 
 highest solemnity: (kun'jer), in- 
 fluence by, or as if by, magic : v.u 
 to practice the arts of a conjurer. 
 
 conjurer (kun'jer-er), n. one who 
 performs tricks by sleight of hand ; 
 an enchanter: (kon-jur'er), n. one 
 who solemnly enjoins. 
 
 conjuror (kon-ju'rer), n. one bound 
 by an oath with others. 
 
 connate (kon'nat), adj. united at the 
 base. 
 
 connaught (kon'awt), a kind of 
 cotton cloth used for embroidery. 
 
 connect (kon-nekt'), v.t. to bind or 
 fasten together ; unite ; associate 
 with : v.i. to be joined ; cohere. 
 
 connected ('ed), adj. linked together. 
 
 connection or connexion (-nek'r 
 shun), n. the state of being con- 
 nected ; relation by marriage or 
 blood ; sexual intercourse ; surround- 
 ings ; acquaintance ; a religious 
 body ; one's customers, &c. 
 
 connective (-nek'tiv), adj. able to 
 connect : n. that which connects. 
 
 connect! vely (-li), adv. by connec- 
 tion. 
 
 connector ('ter), n. one who or that 
 which connects. 
 
 conning (kon'ing), n. the act of di- 
 recting the helmsman of a vessel. 
 
 conning- tower (-tou'er), n. the low 
 shot-proof pilot-house of an armored 
 vessel. 
 
 connivance (-ni'vans), n. the act of 
 conniving : passive cooperation in a 
 crime or fault ; collusion. 
 
 connive (kon-niv'), v.i. to close the 
 eyes upon a fault ; be in secret com- 
 plicity [with at]. 
 
 connoisseur (kon-i-ser'), n. a criti- 
 cal judge. 
 
 connotation (-ta'shun), n. inference. 
 
 connotative (kon-no'ta-tiv), adj. 
 attributive. 
 
 connote (kon-not'), v.t. to designate 
 by implication ; imply as an attri- 
 bute. 
 
 connubial (kon-u'bi-al), adj. of, or 
 pertaining to the marriage state; 
 nuptial. 
 
 conoid (kon'oid), adj. cone-like. 
 
 ftte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
conoidal ('al), adj. almost conical. 
 
 conquer (kong'ker), v.t. gain by con- 
 quest ; overcome ; subdue : v.i. to 
 get the victory- 
 conqueror (-er), n. a victor. 
 
 conquest ('kwest), n. the act of con- 
 quering ; subjugation ; victory. 
 
 consanguineous ( kon-sang-gwin'e- 
 us), adj. related by blood or birth. 
 
 consanguinity ('i-ti), n. blood rela- 
 tionship. 
 
 conscience (kon'shens), n. the moral 
 sense which determines right and 
 wrong. 
 
 conscientious (-shi-en'shus), adj. 
 influenced or regulated by con- 
 science ; scrupulous. 
 
 conscious ('shus), adj. aware of 
 one's thoughts and actions ; sen- 
 sible. 
 
 consciousness (-nes), n. the knowl- 
 edge of that which passes in one's 
 own mind. 
 
 conscript (kon-skript'), v.t. to en- 
 roll for compulsory military or naval 
 service: (kon'skript) adj. registered; 
 enrolled : n. one thus compulsorily 
 enrolled. 
 
 conscription (-skrip'shun), n. com- 
 pulsory military or naval service ; 
 the persons enrolled. 
 
 consecrate (kon'se-krat),. v.t. to set 
 apart as sacred; dedicate to the 
 service of God ; set apart to a 
 sacred office ; devote : adj. conse- 
 crated ; made sacred. 
 
 consecration (-kra'shun), n. the act 
 of consecrating ; a setting apart or 
 devoting to a sacred use or office. 
 
 consecrator (-ter), n. one who con- 
 secrates. 
 
 consecutive (-sek'ii-tiv), adj. succes- 
 sive. 
 
 consecutively (-\i),adj. successively. 
 
 consensus (-sen'sus), n. general 
 agreement. 
 
 consent (kon-senf), n. a yielding of 
 the mind or will ; acquiescence ; 
 sympathy : v.i. to comply ; yield ; 
 accede ; concur. 
 
 consentaneous (-ta'ne-us), adj. ac- 
 cordant. 
 
 consentient (-sen'shent), adj. agree- 
 ing. 
 
 consequence (kon'se-kwens), n. that 
 which naturally follows an effect ; 
 
 inference ; result ; importance ; sig- 
 nificance. 
 
 consequent (-kwent), adj. following 
 as a result or natural effect [with 
 to] : n. a result or effect. 
 
 consequential (-kwen'shal), adj. 
 following as the effect ; self-im- 
 portant. 
 
 conservable (-serv'a-bl), adj. that 
 may be preserved from decay or in- 
 jury. 
 
 conservancy ('an-si), n. preserva- 
 tion. 
 
 conservant ('ant), adj. preserving. 
 
 conservation (-va'shun), n. the act 
 of preserving from decay, loss, or in- 
 jury. 
 
 conservational (-al), adj. tending 
 to conservation. 
 
 conservative ('va-tiv), adj. having 
 the tendency or power to preserve : 
 n. that which preserves ; one op- 
 posed to hasty changes in the politi- 
 cal, religious, or civil institutions 
 of the country. 
 
 conservatoire (-va-twar'), n. a pub- 
 lic institution for instruction, es- 
 pecially singing, music, &c. 
 
 conservator (kon'ser-va-ter), one 
 who preserves. 
 
 conservatory (ser'va-to-ri), adj. 
 tending to preserve: n. a green- 
 house. 
 
 conserve (kon-serv'), v.t. to pre- 
 serve from injury or destruction ; 
 preserve with sugar: (kon'serv) n. 
 preserved or candied fruit. 
 
 consider (kon-sid'er), v.t. to fix the 
 mind upon ; contemplate : v.i. to de- 
 liberate; reflect. 
 
 considerable (-a-bl), adj. worthy of 
 notice ; important ; valuable ; more 
 than a little. 
 
 considerably (-bli), adv. in a con- 
 siderable manner. 
 
 considerate (-at), adj. having re- 
 gard for others ; prudent ; thought- 
 ful ; careful. 
 
 consideration (-a'shun), n. the act 
 of considering ; claim to notice ; 
 mature thought ; an equivalent ; re- 
 gard for others. 
 
 considering ('er-ing), prep, taking 
 into consideration ; allowing for : n. 
 doubt ; consideration. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
con 
 
 consign (kon-sin'), v.t. to deliver in 
 a formal manner to another ; yield 
 in trust ; to send goods. 
 
 consignee (-sln-e'), n. the person to 
 whom goods are sent; an agent or 
 factor. 
 
 consignment ('ment), n. the act of 
 consigning ; the thing consigned. 
 
 consignor ('er), n. the person who 
 consigns goods to another. Also 
 consigner. 
 
 consist (kon-sist'), v.i. to be com- 
 posed of; co-exist; subsist [with 
 in]. 
 
 consistence (-sis'tens), n. degree of 
 density or firmness ; harmony. Also 
 consistency. 
 
 consistent ('tent), adj. solid; not 
 contradictory. 
 
 consolable ( kon-sora-bl ) , n. admit- 
 ting of consolation or comfort. 
 
 consolation (-so-la'shun), n. allevia- 
 tion of mental or physical distress ; 
 solace. 
 
 consolatory (-sol'a-tdr-i), adj. tend- 
 ing to console ; comforting ; sooth- 
 ing. 
 
 console (kon-sol'), v.t. to give com- 
 fort to ; cheer in sorrow ; solace. 
 
 console (kon'sol), n. an ornamental 
 bracket supporting a cornice. 
 
 consolidate (-sol'i-dat), v.t. to make 
 solid ; harden ; condense : v.i. to be- 
 come solid. 
 
 consolidation (-da'shun), n. the act 
 of consolidating ; solidification. 
 
 consols (kon'solz or kon-solz'), n. 
 the principal British funded secur- 
 ity : abbreviation for consolidated 
 fund. 
 
 consomme (kon-so-ma'), n. a strong 
 clear soup or bouillon. 
 
 consonance (kon'so-nans), n. agree- 
 ment of sounds ; harmony ; concord. 
 
 consonant (-nant), adj. harmonious; 
 accordant : n. a letter other than a 
 vowel. 
 
 consort (kon'sSrt), n. a companion; 
 a partner ; a husband or wife ; a 
 ship accompanying another : v.t. 
 & v.i. (kon-sort') to associate; keep 
 company [with with]. 
 
 conspectus (-spek'tus), n. a general 
 sketch or digest of some subject ; a 
 synopsis. 
 
 conspicuous (-spik'u-us), adj. men- 
 tally or physically visible; mani- 
 fest ; distinguished. ' 
 
 conspiracy (-spir'a-si), n. [pi. con- 
 spiracies (-siz)], a plot; two or 
 more persons engaged together for 
 an unlawful or evil purpose. 
 
 conspirator ('a-ter), n. one who 
 conspires. 
 
 conspire (kon-spir'), v.i. to concert 
 a crime ; combine for an unlawful 
 purpose. 
 
 constable (kun'sta-bl), n. a high of- 
 ficer of state in mediaeval courts ; a 
 policeman. 
 
 constabulary (-stab'u-ler-i), adj. 
 pertaining to constables : n. consta- 
 bles collectively. 
 
 constancy (kon'stan-si), n. firm- 
 ness; stability; fidelity. 
 
 constant ('stant), adj. steadfast; 
 firm ; continuous : n. in physics, 
 that which is not subject to change, 
 as gravity. 
 
 constellation (-stel-a'shun), n. a 
 group or cluster of fixed stars de- 
 signated by some name ; an assem- 
 blage of splendors, &c. 
 
 consternation ( -ster-na'shun ) , n. 
 excessive terror, wonder, or sur- 
 prise ; perturbation. 
 
 constipate ('sti-pat), v.t. to make 
 costive. 
 
 constipation (-pa'shun), n. costive- 
 ness. 
 
 constituency (-stit'u-en-si), n. [pi. 
 constituencies (-siz)], the body of 
 electors voting for a Member of 
 Congress, &c. 
 
 constituent ('fi-ent), adj. necessary 
 or essential : n. an essential or com- 
 ponent part ; an elector. 
 
 constitute ('sti-tut), v.t. to compose 
 or make up ; appoint ; elect ; enact ; 
 establish. 
 
 constituted authorities (aw-thor'- 
 i-tiz), n.pl. government officers col- 
 lectively, j 
 
 constitution (-tu'shun), n. the act 
 of constituting; the thing consti- 
 tuted ; bodily strength ; mental or 
 physical temperament ; the system 
 of fundamental laws of a nation, 
 state or society. 
 
 constitutional (-al), adj. inherent 
 in the constitution ; fundamental : 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
n. a walk taken for the benefit of 
 the health. 
 
 constitutionalist (-ist), n. an ad- 
 herent to constitutional government. 
 
 constitutive ('sti-tu-tiv), adj. ele- 
 mental ; essential ; productive. 
 
 constrain (kon-stran'), v.t. to hold 
 down or keep back by force ; re- 
 strain. 
 
 constraint (-strant'), n. compul- 
 sion. 
 
 constrict (-strikt'), v.t. to bind; 
 cramp. 
 
 constriction ('shun), n. compres- 
 sion ; contraction. 
 
 constrictive ('tiv), adj. that con- 
 stricts. 
 
 constrictor (-strik'ter), n. that 
 which contracts or compresses; a 
 muscle which contracts,' closes, or 
 compresses ; a large serpent, the boa- 
 constrictor. 
 
 constringent (-strin'jent), adj. con- 
 tracting or binding. 
 
 construct (kon-strukf), v.t. to 
 build ; form ; put together ; compose. 
 
 construction (-struk'shun), n. the 
 act of building; that which is con- 
 structed ; an edifice ; interpretation ; 
 the syntactical arrangement of 
 words in a sentence. 
 
 constructive ('tiv), adj. having the 
 character of construction ; inferred. 
 
 constructively (-li), adv. by con- 
 struction. 
 
 construct! veness (-nes), n. the fac- 
 ulty to construct. 
 
 constructor ('ter), n. one who con- 
 structs. 
 
 construe (kon'stroo), v.t. to put into 
 proper order by syntactical rules ; 
 translate ; interpret. 
 
 consubstantial ( -sub - stan'shal ) , 
 j,dj. having the same substance, es- 
 sence, or nature. 
 
 consubstantiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. 
 participation in the same nature or 
 essence : said of the Holy Trinity. 
 
 consubstantiation (-shi-a'shun), n. 
 the doctrine that the body and 
 blood of Christ are in a mysterious 
 manner substantially present in the 
 Eucharistic elements after consecra- 
 tion. 
 
 consul (kon'sul), n. the chief magis- 
 
 trate of the Roman Republic, and of 
 the French Republic (1799-1804) ; 
 an officer commissioned by a gov- 
 ernment to reside in a foreign 
 country to promote the interests of 
 its trade, and protect its subjects. 
 
 consul-general (-jen'er-al), n. a 
 chief consul. 
 
 consular (-ar), adj. pertaining to a 
 consul. 
 
 consulate ('su-lat), n. the office and 
 residence of a consul. 
 
 consult (kon-sulf), v.t. to ask advice 
 of; regard: v.i. to take counsel to- 
 gether. 
 
 consultation (-sul-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of consulting ; a conference or 
 deliberation on some special matter. 
 
 consultative ('ta-tiv), adj. delibera- 
 tive. 
 
 consume (kon-sum'), v.t. to destroy; 
 waste ; spend : v.i. waste away ; be 
 exhausted. 
 
 consummate (kon'sum-at), v.t. to 
 complete; finish: adj. (kon-sum'at), 
 perfect. 
 
 consummately (-sum'at-li), adv. 
 perfectly. 
 
 consummation (-a'shun), n. com- 
 pletion. 
 
 consumption (-sump'shun), n. the 
 act of consuming; a gradual wast- 
 ing away; pulmonary disease; 
 phthisis. 
 
 consumptive ('tiv), adj. pertaining 
 to consumption; affected with 
 phthisis. 
 
 contact (kon'takt), n. touch; close 
 union. 
 
 contagion (kon-ta'jun), n. transmis- 
 sion of disease by direct or indirect 
 contact. 
 
 contagious ('jus), adj. transmitted 
 by contact. 
 
 contain (kon-tan'), v.t. to hold, as a 
 vessel ; keep within bounds ; inclose : 
 v.i. to live in continence. 
 
 contaminate (-tam'i-nat), v.t. to 
 pollute. 
 
 contamination (-na'shun), n. pol- 
 lution. 
 
 contaminative ('i-na-tiv), adj. tend- 
 ing to contaminate. 
 
 contemn (kon-tem'), v.t. to despise. 
 
 contemplate ('plat), v.t. to con- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ten. 
 
con 
 
 sider with continued attention; 
 meditate on ; study. 
 
 contemplation (-pla'shun), n. the 
 act of contemplating; pious medita- 
 tion ; intention. 
 
 contemplative ('pla-tiv), adj. 
 thoughtful. 
 
 contemplatively (-li), adv. thought- 
 fully. 
 
 contemplator (kon'tem-pla-ter), n. 
 one who contemplates. 
 
 contemporaneous (-po-ra'ne-us), 
 adj. contemporary. 
 
 contemporary ('po-ra-ri), adj.^ ex- 
 isting or occurring at the same time : 
 n. one living at the same time as 
 another. 
 
 contempt (kon-tempf), n. disdain; 
 scorn; disobedience to the orders, 
 &c, of a court. 
 
 contemptible ( 'i-bl ) , adj. meriting 
 scorn. 
 
 contemptibly (-bli), adv. in a con- 
 temptible manner. 
 
 contemptuous ('u-us), adj. disdain- 
 ful. . . 
 
 contend (kon-tend'), v.i. to strive m 
 opposition; vie [with with or 
 against] ; dispute or debate ; assert. 
 
 content (kon-tent'), adj. satisfied; 
 willing : v.t. to satisfy ; gratify ; ap- 
 pease : n. (con'tent), generally plu- 
 ral, that which is comprised in any- 
 thing. 
 
 contented ('ed), p.adj. gratified; 
 satisfied. 
 
 contention (-ten'shun), n. contest; 
 debate. 
 
 contentious (-ten'shus), adj. caus- 
 ing contention; quarrelsome; liti- 
 gious. 
 
 contentment (-tent'ment), n. satis- 
 faction. 
 
 conterminous (-ter'mi-nus), adj. 
 contiguous. 
 
 contest (kon-tesf), v.t. to dispute; 
 oppose; litigate: v.i. to strive; con- 
 tend; vie: n. (kon'test) a struggle 
 for superiority ; dispute. 
 contestant (-tes'tant), n. one who 
 contests, especially an election, or a 
 will. 
 context (kon'tekst), n. the parts in 
 a book or discourse immediately ad- 
 joining the sentence quoted. 
 contexture (-teks'tur), n. structure. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl 
 
 contiguity (-ti-gu'i-ti), n. contact. 
 contiguous (-tig'u-us) , adj. adjacent. 
 continence (kon'ti-nens), n. chasti- 
 ty ; self-restraint ; moderation. Also 
 continency. 
 continent ('ti-nent), adj. chaste; 
 exercising self-restraint : n. a large 
 extent of land forming a geograph- 
 ical division. 
 continental ('al), adj. pertaining to 
 
 a continent. 
 contingence (kon-tin'jens), n. [pi. 
 contingencies ('jen-siz)], a chance 
 or possible occurrence. Also con- 
 tingency. 
 contingent ( 'jent") , adj. accidental ; 
 conditional : n. a possibility ; quota 
 of troops. 
 continual ('u-al), adj. proceeding 
 without interruption ; incessant ; 
 constant. 
 continually (-li), adv. without in- 
 termission. 
 continuance ('u-ans), n. perma- 
 nence ; uninterrupted succession ; 
 duration. 
 continuation (-u-a/shun), n. the act 
 
 of continuing. 
 continue (kon-tin'ti), v.t. to carry on 
 without interruption ; persist in : v.i. 
 to remain ; abide ; endure ; perse- 
 vere. 
 continuity (-ti-nu'i-ti), n. [pi. con- 
 tinuities (-tiz)], uninterrupted suc- 
 cession or connection ; cohesion. 
 continuous (-tin'u-us), adj. uninter- 
 rupted. 
 contort (kon-torf), v.t. to twist. 
 contortion (-tor'shun), n. a twist; 
 
 flexure. 
 contortionist (-ist), n. an acrobat 
 who contorts his body in perform- 
 ing gymnastics. 
 contour (kon-toor'), n. an outline; 
 
 profile : v.t. to make an outline of. 
 contraband ( kon'tra-band ) , adj. 
 prohibited from importation ; illegal. 
 contraband of "war (wawr), n. cer- 
 tain commodities used in warfare, 
 and the traffic in them with belliger- 
 ent states. 
 contrabandist (-ist) , n. a smuggler. 
 contrabasso (-tra-bas'so) , adj. 
 sounding an octave lower than an- 
 other instrument of the same class: 
 
 north, not; boon, 
 
 me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
con 
 
 n. the largest instrument of the vio- 
 lin class, the double-bass. 
 
 contract ( kon-trakt' ) , tU. draw closer 
 together ; shorten ; condense : v.i. to 
 shrink up ; bargain ; agree upon : n. 
 (kon'trakt) a compact; a written 
 agreement. 
 
 contractibility (trak-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality or capability of being 
 contracted. 
 
 contractile (-trak'til), adj. having 
 the power of shortening itself. Also 
 coutractible. 
 
 contractility (-trak-til'i-ti), n. the 
 power of contracting. 
 
 contraction (-trak'shun), n. the act 
 of contracting ; the state of being 
 contracted ; the reduction of two 
 vowels or syllables into one; abbre- 
 viation. 
 
 contractor (-trak'ter), n. one of the 
 parties to a contract ; one who con- 
 tracts to supply or construct for a 
 stipulated sum. 
 
 contra-dance (kon'tra-dans), n. a 
 dance in which the partners are ar- 
 ranged in opposite lines ; a country- 
 dance. Also contre-dance. 
 
 contradict (kon-tra-dikt'), v.t. to as- 
 sert the contrary or opposite of; 
 gainsay ; deny. 
 
 contradiction (-dik'shun), n. the 
 act of contradicting ; denial ; incon- 
 gruity. 
 
 contradictorily (-dik'to-ri-li), adj. 
 contentiously. 
 
 contradictory (-dik'to-ri), adj. con- 
 trary. 
 
 contradistinction ( - dis - tingk ' - 
 shun), n. a distinction by opposite 
 qualities. 
 
 contradistinctive ('tiv), adj. char- 
 acterized by contradistinction. 
 
 contradistinguish (-ting'gwish) ,v.t. 
 to distinguish by opposite qualities. 
 
 contralto (kon-tral'to), n. the part 
 sung by the highest male {counter- 
 tenor) or the lowest female voice 
 (alto). 
 
 contrariety (-tra-ri'i-ti), n. [pi. con- 
 trarieties (-tiz)], opposition; in- 
 consistency. 
 
 contrarily ('tra-ri-li), adv. in a con- 
 trary manner. 
 
 contrariness ('tra-ri-nes), n. con- 
 trariety. 
 
 contrariwise ('tra-ri-wiz), adv. con- 
 versely. 
 
 contrary ('tra-ri), adj. opposite; in 
 an opposite direction ; perverse ; 
 wayward : n. a thing of opposite 
 qualities. 
 
 contrast (kon-trast'), v.t. to place in 
 contrast; compare: n. (kon'trast) 
 opposition or difference of qualities 
 made manifest by comparison ; dis- 
 similitude. 
 
 contravallation (-val-a'shun), n. a 
 fortification thrown up round a city 
 by a besieging force for security 
 against the enemy's sallies. 
 
 contravene (kon-tra-ven'), v.t. to ob- 
 struct ; violate. 
 
 contravention (-ven'shun), n. oppo- 
 sition ; violation. 
 
 contre-dance, same as contra-dance. 
 
 contretemps ( kong-tr-tang' ) , n. an 
 unexpected event causing confusion ; 
 a hitch. 
 
 contribute (kon-trib'ut), v.t. to give 
 to some common stock ; furnish as a 
 share : v.i. to use one's influence. 
 
 contribution ( -tri-bu'shun ) , n. the 
 act of contributing ; a subscription ; 
 tax ; a writing furnished to a period- 
 ical. 
 
 contributive (-trib-u'tiv), adj. con- 
 tributing. 
 
 contributor ('u-ter), n. one who 
 contributes. 
 
 contributory ('u-to-ri), adj. pro- 
 moting the same end. 
 
 contrite (kon'trit), adj. penitent. 
 
 contritely (-li), adv. penitently. 
 
 contriteness (-nes), n. penitence; 
 sorrow. 
 
 contrition (-trish'un), n. sorrow for 
 sin. 
 
 contrivance (-tri'vans), n. a device; 
 apparatus ; scheme ; plan. 
 
 contrive (kon-triv'), v.t. to devisej 
 invent ; plan ; scheme. 
 
 control (kon-trol'), n. a check; re- 
 straint ; superintendence ; authority : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. controlled : p.pr. 
 controlling], to restrain; govern; 
 regulate. 
 
 controllable ('a-bl), adj. subject to 
 control. 
 
 controller ('er), n. one who con- 
 trols ; a public officer who oversees 
 and verifies the accounts of subor- 
 
 ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; bo5n, 
 
 D. 15 
 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
con 
 
 dinate officials. Less correctly comp- 
 troller. 
 
 controversial (-tro-ver'shal), adj. 
 polemical. 
 
 controversialist (-ist), n. a. dispu- 
 tant. 
 
 controversially (-li), adv. in a con- 
 troversial manner. 
 
 controversy ('tro-ver-si), n. [pi. 
 controversies (-siz)], agitation of 
 contrary opinions; debate; disputa- 
 tion. 
 
 controvert (-tro-verf), v.t. to con- 
 tend against ; refute ; disprove. 
 
 controvertible (-ver'ti-bl), adj. ca- 
 pable of being disputed. 
 
 controvertibly (-bli), adv. in a con- 
 trovertible manner. 
 
 controvertist (-ver'tist), n. a dis- 
 putant. 
 
 contumacious (-tu-ma/shus), adj. 
 perverse ; obstinate. 
 
 contumacy ('tu-ma-si), n. [pi. con- 
 tumacies (-siz)], obstinate or per- 
 verse opposition to lawful authority. 
 
 contumelious (-tu-me'li-us), adj. 
 haughtily contemptuous or offensive ; 
 supercilious. 
 
 contumely ('tu-me-li), n. [pi. con- 
 tumelies (-liz)], haughty and con- 
 temptuous rudeness; scornful and 
 insolent abuse. 
 
 contuse (kon-tuz'), v.t. to wound or 
 bruise without breaking the skin. 
 
 contusion (-tu'zhun), n. the act of 
 contusing; the state of being con- 
 tused. 
 
 conundrum (ko-nun'drum), n. a rid- 
 dle. 
 
 convalesce (kon-va-les'), v.i. to re- 
 cover strength and health after ill- 
 ness. 
 
 convalescence ('ens), n. gradual re- 
 covery after illness. Also convales- 
 cency. 
 
 convalescent Cent), adj. recovering 
 health. 
 
 convene (kon-ven'), v.i. to meet to- 
 gether : v.t. cause to assemble ; sum- 
 mon judicially. 
 
 convenience (-ve'niens), n. fitness; 
 freedom from discomfort ; accommo- 
 dation. 
 
 convenient ('nient), adj. suitable; 
 appropriate ; affording accommoda- 
 tion ; handy. 
 
 convent (kon'vent), n. a community 
 of religious recluses ; a nunnery ; 
 monastery. 
 
 conventicle (-ven'ti-kl), n. an as- 
 sembly for worship [usually imply- 
 ing schism]. 
 
 convention (-ven'shun), n. a polit- 
 ical or ecclesiastical assembly; a 
 diplomatic agreement. 
 
 conventional (-al), adj. sanctioned 
 by, or growing out of, custom or 
 tacit agreement ; based on accepted 
 models or artistic rules. 
 
 conventionalism (-al-izm), n. that 
 which is received as established by 
 usage, &c. 
 
 conventionality (-al'i-ti), n. [pi. 
 conventionalities (-tiz)], adherence 
 to conventional rules or precedents ; 
 artificiality. 
 
 conventionally (-li), adv. in a con- 
 ventional manner. 
 
 converge (kon-verj'), v.i. tend to 
 one point. 
 
 convergence ('ens), n. [pi. conver- 
 gences ( 'en-siz ) ] , tendency to one 
 point. 
 
 convergent ('ent), adj. tending to 
 one point. 
 
 conversable (kon-vers'a-bl), social; 
 inclined to converse. Also conversi- 
 ble. 
 
 conversant (kon'ver-sant), adj. ac- 
 quainted or familiar with; profi- 
 cient. 
 
 conversation (-sa'shun), n. infor- 
 mal or familiar talk. 
 
 conversational (-al), adj. pertaining 
 to conversation. 
 
 conversationist (-ist), n. one who 
 excels in conversation. Also con- 
 versationalist. 
 
 conversazione (-ver-sat-ze-6'ne), n. 
 [pi. conversazioni ('ne)], a meeting 
 for conversation, especially on lit- 
 erary or scientific topics. 
 
 converse (kon-vers'), v.i. to inter- 
 change thoughts; talk familiarly: 
 adj. & n. (kon-vers) reversed in 
 order or relation ; opposite ; ac- 
 quaintance ; familiar talk. 
 
 conversely (-li), adv. reciprocally. 
 
 conversion (-ver'shun), n. change 
 from one state, or from one religion, 
 to another. 
 
 convert (kon-verf), v.t. to trans- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
coo 
 
 mute ; change from one religion to 
 another ; cause to undergo a moral 
 change; apply to any use: n. (kon'- 
 vert) one who changes from one 
 religion to another ; one who has un- 
 dergone a moral change. 
 
 converter ('er)> n. one who con- 
 verts ; an iron retort used for con- 
 verting pig iron into steel in the 
 Bessemer process ; a kind of electri- 
 cal induction coil. 
 
 convertibility ('i-ti), n. the qual- 
 ity of being convertible. 
 
 convertible ( kon-ver'ti-bl ) , adj. 
 transmutable ; interchangeable. 
 
 convex (kon'veks), adj. curved on the 
 exterior surface : opposed to con- 
 cave : n. a convex body. 
 
 convexity ('i-ti), n. roundness. 
 
 convexo-concave ('o-kon'kav), adj. 
 convex on one side, concave on the 
 other. 
 
 convey (kon-va'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 conveyed, p.pr. conveying], to carry 
 or transport ; transmit ; impart ; 
 communicate ; transfer the title to 
 (property). 
 
 conveyance Cans), n. the act or 
 means of conveying; a vehicle; the 
 transference of property from one 
 owner to another. 
 
 conveyancer ('ans-er), n. a lawyer 
 who draws up deeds, &c, transfer- 
 ring property. 
 
 conveyancing ('ans-ing), n. the busi- 
 ness of drawing deeds, leases, &c, 
 and investigating titles to property. 
 
 convict (kon-vikt'), v.t. to prove or. 
 pronounce guilty of a crime charged : 
 n. (kon'vikt) a criminal sentenced 
 to penal servitude. 
 
 conviction (-vik'shun), n. the act of 
 convicting ; the state of being con- 
 victed ; strong belief. 
 
 convince (kon-vins'), v.t. to satisfy 
 by evidence or argument ; persuade ; 
 cause to believe. 
 
 convivial ( kon-viv'i-al ) , adj. festive ; 
 jovial. 
 
 conviviality ('i-ti), n. good fellow- 
 ship. 
 
 CQnvivially (-li), adv. festively. 
 
 convocation (kon-vo-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of convoking an assembly, es- 
 pecially of bishops and beneficed 
 
 clergy, or heads of a university ; an 
 assembly of clergy. 
 
 convocational (-al), adj. pertaining 
 to a convocation. 
 
 convoke (kon-vok'), v.t. to call or 
 summon together ; convene. 
 
 convolute (kon'vo-lut), adj. rolled 
 upon itself ; twisted. Also convo- 
 luted. 
 
 convolution (-lu'shun), n. a rolling 
 together. 
 
 convolve (-volv'), v.t. to roll to- 
 gether. 
 
 convoy (kon-voi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 convoyed, p.pr. convoying], to ac- 
 company on the way for protection, 
 by sea or land : n. ( kon'voi ) a pro- 
 tecting force accompanying ships, 
 goods, persons, &c. ; an escort. 
 
 convulse (kon-vuls'), v.t. to agitate 
 violently ; shake ; affect with convul- 
 sions. 
 
 convulsion (-vul'shun), n. an agita- 
 tion ; tumult ; a violent and unnat- 
 ural contraction of the muscles. 
 
 convulsive (-vuls'iv), adj. producing 
 convulsions. 
 
 cony or coney (ko'ni), n. [pi. conies 
 ('niz)], a rabbit. 
 
 coo (koo), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cooed, p.pr. 
 cooing], to cry like a dove or pi- 
 geon ; to act or converse in a loving 
 manner : n. the sound uttered by 
 doves and pigeons. 
 
 cook (kook), v.t. to prepare for eat- 
 ing by boiling, baking, or roasting : 
 v.i. to act as a cook : n. one who 
 prepares food for the table. 
 
 cookery ('erM) , n. [pi. cookeries 
 (-iz)], the art or practice of cook- 
 ing. 
 
 cooky ('0, n. [pi. cookies ('iz)], a 
 small flat sweet cake. Also cookie. 
 
 cool (kool), ' adj. [compar. cooler, 
 superl. coolest], slightly or moderate- 
 ly cold ; calm ; deliberate : v.t. to 
 make cool : v.i. to become cool. 
 
 cooler ('er), n. that which cools; a 
 vessel for cooling liquids, &c. 
 
 coolie (koo'li), n. an East Indian 
 porter : adj. pertaining to coolies. 
 
 coolly ('li), adv. in a cool manner. 
 
 coolness ('nes), n. the state of being 
 cool. 
 
 coom (koom), n. matter which col- 
 
 ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
lects at the naves of wheels, &c. ; 
 soot ; coal-dust. 
 
 coon (koon), n. abbreviation of rac- 
 coon ; a sly knowing person ; slang 
 name for a negro : v.i. to creep along 
 the branch of a tree like a racoon. 
 
 coop (koop), n. a cage; pen: v.t. to 
 confine in, or as in, a coop ; inclose. 
 
 cooper ('er), n. a maker of barrels, 
 casks, &c. ; a beverage, half stout 
 and half porter ; vessel that sells 
 spirits, tobacco, &c, to fishermen, 
 especially on the North Sea. 
 
 cooperage ('er-aj), n. the business or 
 workshop of a cooper ; price for 
 cooper's work. 
 
 cooper ant (ko-op'er-ant), adj. coop- 
 erating. 
 
 cooperate ('er-at), v.i. to act or 
 work jointly ; concur to produce the 
 same effect. 
 
 cooperation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
 working jointly together ; concur- 
 rence. 
 
 cooperative ('er-a-tiv), adj. promot- 
 ing jointly the same end. 
 
 cooperator ('er-a-ter), n. one who 
 acts or labors conjointly with oth- 
 ers. 
 
 coordinate (-or'di-nat), v.t. to place 
 in the same order, class, &c. ; har- 
 monize : adj. of the same rank or 
 authority as another : n.pl. lines or 
 other elements by which the position 
 of any point is determined by a fixed 
 figure or lines. 
 
 coordinately (-li), adv. in the same 
 rank, &c. 
 
 coordination (-na^shun), n. state of 
 being coordinate. 
 
 coot (koot), n. a short-tailed water- 
 fowl. 
 
 cop (kop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. copped, 
 p.pr. copping], to seize as a prison- 
 er ; throw underhand : n. a police- 
 man. 
 
 copaiba (ko-pa'ba), n. a resinous 
 balsam from various South Ameri- 
 can and West Indian trees : used as 
 a medicine. Also copaiva. 
 
 copal (ko-pal), n. a gum-resin: used 
 in varnishes. 
 
 cope (kop), n. a large semi-circular 
 ecclesiastical vestment, worn by 
 bishops and priests over the surplice. 
 
 coq 
 
 cope (kop), v.i. to strive or contend 
 (followed by with). 
 
 copeck (ko'pek), n. a Russian coin, 
 = l-100th rouble. Also kopeck. 
 
 Copernican (ko-per'ni-kan), adj. 
 pertaining to the astronomical sys- 
 tem of Copernicus, which conceived 
 the sun to be its center. 
 
 copier (kop'i-er), n. a transcriber; 
 imitator. 
 
 coping (ko'ping), n. the top masonry 
 of a wall. 
 
 copions ('pi-us ), adj. abundant; dif- 
 fusive. 
 
 copper (kop'er), n. sl red, ductile, 
 malleable, tenacious metal ; a boiler : 
 v.t. to cover with copper. Also cop- 
 perize. 
 
 copper (kop'er), n. a policeman. 
 
 copperhead (-hed), n. a venomous 
 American serpent. 
 
 copperplate (-plat), n. a polished 
 copper plate on which something is 
 engraved for printing : adj. pertain- 
 ing to the art of engraving on cop- 
 perplate. 
 
 coppice (kop'is), n. same as copse. 
 
 copse (kops), n. a thicket of brush- 
 wood : v.t. to cut and trim as brush- 
 wood : v.i. to preserve or plant 
 brushwood. 
 
 copula ('u-la), n. [pi. copulas, or ae 
 (az, -e)], a word which joins the 
 subject and predicate in a sentence 
 or proposition. 
 
 copulate ('u-lat), v.i. to have sexual 
 intercourse. 
 
 copulation (-la'shun), n. sexual in- 
 tercourse. 
 
 copulative (-la'tiv), adj. uniting: n. 
 a copulative conjunction. 
 
 copy (kop'i), n. [pi. copies ('iz)], an 
 imitation ; a transcript ; a writing 
 exercise ; an original work : v.t. to 
 transcribe ; reproduce : v.i. imitate. 
 
 copyist (-ist), n. one who copies. 
 
 copyright (-rit), n. the exclusive 
 right of an author in his literary or 
 artistic work for a prescribed num- 
 ber of years. 
 
 coquet (ko-kef), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. co- 
 quetted, p.pr. coquetting], to flirt; 
 seek to attract attention or admi- 
 ration ; trifle. 
 
 coquetry (ko'ket-ri), n. [pi. coquet- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
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coq 
 
 ries (-riz)], the act of coquetting; 
 flirtation. 
 
 coquette (ko-kef), n. a vain woman 
 who seeks to gain men's attention 
 and admiration. 
 
 coral (kor'al), n. the hard calcareous 
 skeleton of certain marine polyps ; 
 the unimpregnated roe of the lob- 
 ster : adj. pertaining to coral. 
 
 coralline ('al-in), adj. consisting of, 
 or like, coral ; of a color like coral : 
 n. an orange-red dye stuff. 
 
 corbeil (kor'bel), n. a little basket 
 filled with earth, used in sieges to 
 shelter troops. 
 
 corbel ( 'bel ) , n. a projection of stone, 
 wood, or iron to support some mass, 
 often ornamented with grotesque fig- 
 ures ; a sculptured basket of flowers, 
 fruit, &c. 
 
 cord (kord), n. a twisted string; a 
 measure of wood = 128 cub. ft. (8 
 ft. long 4 ft. high, 4 ft. broad) ; a 
 moral influence : v.t. to fasten or 
 connect with cord. 
 
 cordage ('aj), n. a quantity of cords 
 or ropes; ropes and rigging collec- 
 tively. 
 
 cordate (kor'dat), adj. heart-shaped. 
 
 cordelle ('del), n. a twisted rope or 
 tassel ; a tow-rope. 
 
 cordial (kor'jal), adj. hearty; sin- 
 cere ; cheering : n. a medicine that 
 increases the strength and restores 
 the spirits ; an aromatic and sweet- 
 ened spirit. 
 
 cordiality ('i-ti), n. sincere sympa- 
 thetic geniality ; sincerity ; hearti- 
 ness. 
 
 cordiform ('di-f6rm), adj. heart- 
 shaped. 
 
 cordilla (-dil'a), n. coarse German 
 hemp. 
 
 cordillera (-dil-ya'ra), n. a continu- 
 ous ridge or chain of mountains. 
 
 cording (kord'ing), n. the ribbed sur- 
 face of a twilled fabric. 
 
 cordon (kor'don), n. a ribbon worn 
 as the badge of an order ; a band ; a 
 course of projecting stones forming 
 the coping of a scarf wall ; a line of 
 military posts. 
 
 cordon bleu (bloo), n. the highest 
 distinction in any profession ; a first- 
 class cook. 
 
 cordonnet (-do-na/), n. the slightly- 
 
 raised border of a point-lace pat- 
 tern ; edging made of piping. 
 
 cordovan ('do-van), n. a Spanish 
 leather made of goatskin, or split 
 horsehide tanned and dressed. Also 
 cordwain. 
 
 corduroy ('du-roi), n. a stout ribbed 
 or corded cotton ; piled fustian : v.t. 
 to construct (a corduroy road). 
 
 corduroy road (rod), n. a roadway 
 formed of logs laid side by side 
 across swampy ground, &c. 
 
 cordwainer (kord'wa-ner), n. a 
 worker in leather ; a shoemaker. 
 
 core (kor), n. the heart or innermost 
 part of anything, especially of fruit : 
 v.t. to remove the core from; to 
 mold or cast on a core. 
 
 co-respondent (ko-re-spond'ent), n. 
 a joint respondent in a divorce suit. 
 
 coriaceous (ko-ri-a'shus), adj. like 
 leather. 
 
 coriander (kor-i-an'der), n. an um- 
 belliferous plant, the seeds of which 
 are used as a carminative. 
 
 Corinthian (ko-rin'thi-an), adj. of, 
 or pertaining to, Corinth, a cele- 
 brated city of Greece, noted for its 
 luxury and licentiousness; luxuri- 
 ous ; conducted by amateurs ; noting 
 the Corinthian order of architecture : 
 n. a man about town ; a gentleman 
 yachtsman, or sportsman. 
 
 corinthian bronze (bronz), n. an 
 alloy of fine quality originally pro- 
 duced at Corinth. 
 
 corinthian order (or'der), n. the 
 lightest and most ornate of the clas- 
 sic orders of architecture, with a 
 bell-shaped capital, and ornamented 
 with acanthus leaves. 
 
 corium (ko'ri-um), n. the innermost 
 layer of skin of the cuticle. 
 
 cork (kork), n. the outer layer of the 
 bark of the cork tree, a species of 
 oak ; a stopper for a bottle : adj. 
 made of cork. 
 
 corky ( 'i ) , adj. made of, or like, cork. 
 
 cormorant ( kor'mo-rant ) , n. a div- 
 ing bird that preys voraciously on 
 fish ; a glutton. 
 
 corn (korn), n. grain, as wheat, bar- 
 ley, &c. ', maize, or Indian corn ; 
 plants that yield grain ; breadstuff. 
 
 corn (k6rn), n. a horny excrescence 
 as with salt in grains. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cor 
 
 corn (k6rn), n. a horny excrescence 
 on the toe, or foot. 
 
 corn-cob ('kob), n. the spike of an 
 ear of Indian corn. 
 
 cornea ( kor'ne-a ) , n. the horny circu- 
 lar transparent membrane which 
 forms the anterior portion of the 
 eyeball. 
 
 cornelian (-ne'lian), n. a semi-trans- 
 parent variety of chalcedony. Also 
 carnelian. 
 
 corner (kor'ner), n. an angle; a re- 
 tired place ; a mercantile ring to mo- 
 nopolize some product : v.t. to drive 
 or force into some position of diffi- 
 culty from which there is no escape. 
 corner the market, to buy up a 
 commodity so as to monopolize it. 
 
 corner-stone (-ston), n. the princi- 
 pal stone. 
 
 cornet ('net), a kind of trumpet. 
 
 cornflower ('flour), n. any wild 
 plant growing in the cornfields, espe- 
 cially the bluebottle. 
 
 cornice ('nis), n. the highest projec- 
 tion or border on a wall or column. 
 
 cornstarch ('starch), n. starch made 
 from meal of Indian corn ; used for 
 puddings, &c. 
 
 cornucopia (kor-nu-ko'pi-a), n. [pi. 
 cornucopia? (-e), or -as (-az)], the 
 horn of plenty represented in sculp- 
 ture, as overflowing with fruit, flow- 
 ers, &c. 
 
 cornuted (-ut'ed), adj. horned. 
 
 corolla (ko-rol'a), n. the inner envel- 
 ope of a flower composed of two or 
 more petals. 
 
 corollaceous (kor-ol-la'shus), adj. 
 pertaining to, or resembling, a co- 
 rolla. 
 
 corollary (kor'ol- or ko-rol'a-ri), n. 
 an additional deduction or inference 
 drawn from a demonstrated propo- 
 sition. 
 
 corona (ko-ro'na), n. [pi. coronse 
 ('ne)], a crown; the flat projecting 
 part of a cornice ; the upper surface 
 of a molar tooth ; a halo surround- 
 ing heavenly bodies ; any crown-like 
 appendage at the top of an organ of 
 a plant. 
 
 coronal (kor'o- or ko-ro'nal), adj. 
 pertaining to the corona : n. a crown, 
 or garland. 
 
 '. _^ cor 
 
 coronation (kor-o-na'shun), n. the 
 act or ceremony of crowning a sov- 
 ereign. 
 
 coroner (kor'o-ner), n. an officer who 
 inquires into cases of sudden or ac- 
 cidental death. 
 
 coronet ('o-net) , n. an inferior 
 crown ; an ornamental head-dress ; 
 the bone immediately beneath a 
 horse's hoof. 
 
 coronium (ko-ro'ni-um), n. a recent- 
 ly discovered element, lighter than 
 hydrogen. 
 
 corporal (kor'po-ral), adj. relating 
 to the body ; opposed to the mind : n. 
 a communion cloth ; a corporate ; a 
 non-commissioned officer of the low- 
 est grade. 
 
 corporally (-li), adv. bodily; phys- 
 ically. 
 
 corporate (-rat), adj. united in a 
 body or community by legal enact- 
 ment. 
 
 corporation (-ra'shun), n. a body 
 politic having a common seal, and 
 legally authorized to act as one indi- 
 vidual ; a protuberant stomach. 
 
 corporator (-ra-ter), n. a member of 
 a corporation, especially an original 
 member. 
 
 corporeal (-po're-al), adj. having a 
 material body ; physical. 
 
 corporeality ('i-ti), n. the state of 
 being corporal. 
 
 corps (kor), n. [pi. corps (korz)], a 
 body of troops ; a body of persons 
 associated in a common work. 
 
 corps diplomatique (dip-lo-ma- 
 tek'), n. the ministers accredited to 
 a government. 
 
 corpse (korps), n. a dead body. 
 
 corpulence (kor'pu-lens), n. exces- 
 sive fatness of body. Also corpu- 
 lency. 
 
 corpulent (-lent), adj. bulky; fat; 
 having a large, fleshy body. 
 
 corpus ('pus), n. [pi. corpora ('po- 
 ra)], a body; collection; the chief 
 part of an organ. 
 
 Corpus Christi (kris'tl), (Latin the 
 body of Christ), a Roman 'Catholic 
 festival (the first Thursday after 
 Trinity Sunday) in honor of the 
 Eucharist. 
 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
corpuscle ('pus-1), n. a minute par- 
 ticle. 
 
 corpuscular (-pus'ku-lar), adj. per- 
 taining to, or composed of, corpus- 
 cles. 
 
 corral (kor-ral'), n. a pen for live 
 stock ; an inclosure with wagons ; a 
 strong stockade for capturing wild 
 elephants : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. corralled, 
 p.pr. corralling], to drive into, or 
 secure in, a corral ; to take posses- 
 sion of, or capture ; corner. 
 
 correct (ko-rekf) , v.t. to set straight ; 
 rectify ; punish faults ; amend : adj. 
 exact ; accurate ; free from error ; 
 conforming to a fixed rule or stand- 
 ard. 
 
 correction ('shun), n. the act of cor- 
 recting; chastisement. 
 
 correctional (-al), adj. tending to 
 correct. 
 
 corrective ('tiv), adj. able to cor- 
 rect : n. that which corrects ; an an- 
 tidote. 
 
 corrector ('ter), n. one who corrects. 
 
 correlate (kor-e-laf), v.i. to be re- 
 ciprocally related : adj. reciprocally 
 related. 
 
 correlation (-la'shun), n. recipro- 
 cal relation ; similarity or parallel- 
 ism of relation or law ; the interde- 
 pendence of functions, organs, nat- 
 ural forces, or phenomena. 
 
 correlative (-el'a-tiv), adj. having 
 reciprocal or mutual relation : n. the 
 antecedent of a pronoun. 
 
 correlatively (-H), adv. in a correl- 
 ative relation. 
 
 correspond (kor-e-spond'), v.i. to be 
 adequate to ; agree ; suit ; answer ; 
 communicate by letters. 
 
 correspondence ('ens), n. communi- 
 cation by letters; mutual adapta- 
 tion ; congruity. 
 
 correspondent Cent), adj. agreeing 
 with ; similar : n. one with whom in- 
 tercourse is maintained by letters ; 
 one who sends news to a journal. 
 
 corridor (kor'i-d6r), n. a gallery or 
 open passage in a building. 
 
 corrigible (kor'ij-i-bl), adj. capable 
 of being amended, corrected, or re- 
 formed. 
 
 corroborate (kor-rob'or-at), «i. con- 
 firm ; strengthen ; establish verify. 
 
 corroboration (-ra'shun), n. verifi- 
 cation. 
 
 corroborative ('o-ra-tiv), adj. veri- 
 fying ; confirmative. 
 
 corroboratory ('o-ra-to-ri), adj. 
 tending to corroborate. 
 
 corrode (kor-od'), v.t. to eat away 
 gradually ; consume ; disintegrate. 
 
 corrodible (-5'di-bl), adj. capable of 
 being corroded. Also corrosible. 
 
 corrosion (kor-o'zhun), n. the act of 
 corroding ; a corroded condition. 
 
 corrugate ('oo-gat), v.t. to draw, or 
 shape, into wrinkles or folds. 
 
 corrugated iron (Irn), n. sheet-iron 
 pressed into alternate parallel ridges 
 and grooves and galvanized. 
 
 corrugation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
 of corrugating; a fold or wrinkle. 
 
 corrupt (kor-upt'), v.t. to turn from 
 a sound to an unsound and putres- 
 cent state ; make impure ; vitiate or 
 deprave ; seduce ; bribe : v.i. to be- 
 come putrid : adj. depraved ; putrid ; 
 spoiled; abounding in errors; open 
 to bribery. 
 
 corruptibility (-up-ti-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or possibility of being cor- 
 rupted. 
 
 corruptible (-up'ti-bl), adj. capable 
 of being corrupted ; subject to decay ; 
 susceptible of being bribed. 
 
 corruption (-up'shun), n. the act of 
 corrupting ; the state of # being cor- 
 rupted ; physical dissolution. 
 
 corsage (kor'sazh) , n. a bodice ; 
 waist. 
 
 corsair ('sax), n. a pirate. 
 
 corse (kors), n. poetic for corpse. 
 
 corset ('set), n. a bodice: pi. a pair 
 of stays : v.t. to inclose in corsets. 
 
 corslet ('let), n. light body armor, 
 
 cortege (kor-tazh'), n. a train of at- 
 tendants ; retinue ; procession. 
 
 Cortes (kor'tez), n.pl. the national 
 and legislative assembly of Spain 
 and Portugal. 
 
 cortex (kSr'teks), n. [pi. cortices 
 ('ti-sez)], outer bark or covering. 
 
 cortical ('ti-kal), adj. consisting of, 
 or like, bark ; external. 
 
 corundum (ko-run'dum), n. a min- 
 eral of extreme hardness. 
 
 coruscate (ko-rus' or kor'us-kat), v.i. 
 to sparkle ; flash. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
coruscation (kor-us-ka'shun), n. a 
 sudden flash or play of light. 
 
 corvette ( k6r-vet' ) , n. a sloop of war. 
 
 corvine ('vin), adj. pertaining to a 
 crow. 
 
 cosey, cosy (ko'zi), adj. & n. same 
 as cozy. 
 
 cosily (ko'zi-li), adv. snugly. 
 
 cosmetic ( koz-met'ik ) , adj. imparting 
 or improving beauty : n. a wash or 
 preparation for such a purpose. 
 
 cosmic (koz'mik), adj. pertaining to 
 the universe and the laws which gov- 
 ern it ; rising or setting with the 
 sun. Also cosmical. 
 
 cosmism ('mizm), n. Herbert Spen- 
 cer's evolutionary philosophy. 
 
 cogmogony (-mog'o-ni), n. a treatise 
 on the world's origin. 
 
 cosmography (-mog'ra-fi), n. the 
 science which treats of the constitu- 
 tion of the whole system of worlds, 
 or the earth as part of the universe : 
 it includes geography, astronomy, 
 and geology. 
 
 cosmology (-mol'o-ji), n. the science 
 which investigates the origin of the 
 world. 
 
 cosmopolitan (-mo-pol'i-tan), n. a 
 citizen of the world. Also cosmopo- 
 lite : adj. at home in any part of the 
 world. 
 
 cosmorama (-mo-ra'ma), n. an exhi- 
 bition of views, &c, of various parts 
 of the world realistically produced. 
 
 cosmos (koz'mos), n. the world or 
 universe as an orderly system: op- 
 posed to chaos. 
 
 Cossack (kos'ak), n. one of a war- 
 like tribe of Southern Russia, skilled 
 as horsemen : adj. pertaining to Cos- 
 sacks. 
 
 cost (kost), v.t. to be bought for, or 
 had at, a price; cause to bear or 
 suffer : n. charge ; expense ; labor : 
 pi. law charges. 
 
 costa (kos'ta), n. [pi. costse ('te)l, a 
 rib. 
 
 costal ('tal), adj. pertaining to a rib. 
 
 costate ('tat), adj. ribbed. 
 
 costermonger ('ter-mung-ger), n. a 
 hawker of fruit, vegetables, fish, &c. 
 
 costive ('tiv), adj. constipated. 
 
 costume (kos'tum), n. dress in gen- 
 eral ; style of dress ; a walking or 
 tailor-made dress: v.t. (kos-tum'), 
 
 to dress in, or provide with, appro- 
 priate costumes. 
 
 cosy, another form of cozy. 
 
 cot (kot), n. a cottage; small bed. 
 
 cotangent (ko-tan'jent), n. the tan- 
 gent of the complement of an arc or 
 angle. 
 
 cote (kot), n. a hut; a sheepfold. 
 
 cotemporary, cotemporaneous, &c, 
 same as contemporary, &c. 
 
 coterie (ko-te-re'), n. an association 
 or set of persons united together for 
 social or other intercourse ; a clique. 
 
 coterminous. Same as contermi- 
 nous. 
 
 cotillion (-til'yun), n. a brisk, lively 
 dance for eight or more persons: 
 music for such a dance ; a black and 
 white woolen skirt material. Also 
 cotillon. 
 
 cottage (kot'aj), n. a small dwelling. 
 
 cotter, cottier, cottar, abbreviations 
 for cottager : n. one who dwells in a 
 cottage ; one who lives rent free on 
 a common ; a wedge for tightening 
 machinery. 
 
 cotton (kot'n), n. a white, soft, 
 downy substance resembling wool 
 enveloping the seeds of the cotton- 
 plant ; cotton thread or cloth : adj. 
 pertaining to, or made of, cotton : 
 v.i. to fit or go well together ; be very 
 intimate (with). 
 
 cotton-gin (-jin), n. a machine for 
 separating the seeds from cotton 
 fiber. 
 
 couch (kouch), v.t. to place on a 
 bed or other resting-place ; hide ; de- 
 posit in a bed or layer ; express in 
 words ; include : v.i. to lie down ; 
 stoop ; depress or remove a cata- 
 ract : n. a bed ; sofa ; a layer or 
 stratum ; a preliminary coat of size, 
 paint, &c. ; a layer of barley spread 
 out for malting. 
 
 couchant ('ant), adj. in heraldry, 
 crouching or lying down. 
 
 cougar (koo'gar), n. the puma. 
 
 cough (kof), v.i. to expel air from 
 the lungs by a violent effort : v.t . to 
 expel from the lungs (followed by 
 up) : n. an effort of the lungs, at- 
 tended with noise, to expel irritating 
 or foreign matter. 
 
 could (kood), p.t. of can. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
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coulomb (koo-lom'), n. the electrical 
 standard unit of quantity = a cur- 
 rent of one ampere per second. 
 
 coulter (kol'ter), n. a ploughshare. 
 
 council (coun'sil,) n. an assembly of 
 
 1 persons met in consultation, or to 
 give advice; a convocation; a mu- 
 nicipal body. 
 
 councillor (-er), n. a member of a 
 common council. 
 
 councilman (-man), n. {pi. council- 
 men ( -men ) ] , a member of a mu- 
 nicipal council. 
 
 counsel ( 'sel ) , n. interchange of opin- 
 ion ; advice ; consultation ; deliberate 
 purpose or design ; a barrister : v.t. 
 ip.t. & p.p. counseled, p.pr. coun- 
 seling], to give advice to; advise. 
 
 counselor (-er), n. one who gives ad- 
 vice, especially legal advice ; a mem- 
 ber of a council. 
 
 count (kount), n. a title of nobility. 
 
 count (kount), v.t. to reckon or sum 
 up ; enumerate ; place to an ac- 
 count ; esteem : v.i. to tell off ; mark 
 time : n. the act of numbering or 
 reckoning ; the total ascertained ; a 
 separate and distinct charge in an 
 indictment ; rhythm. 
 
 countenance (koun'te-nans), n. the 
 whole form of the face ; appearance ; 
 support : v.t. to support ; encour- 
 age ; favor. 
 
 counter ('ter), n. one who, or that 
 which, counts; a shop table; imita- 
 tion money ; a counter-tenor ; a 
 horse's breast between the shoulders 
 and under the neck ; a ship's stern 
 between the water-line and the 
 knuckle of the stern ; a blow given 
 in parrying : v.i. to give a blow while 
 receiving or parrying one. 
 
 counter ('ter), adv. contrary; ad- 
 verse ; in an opposite direction ; the 
 wrong way : used in composition, as 
 counter-evidence, evidence opposing 
 other evidence ; count er-b&\a.nce, to 
 weigh or act against with equal force. 
 
 counteract (-akf), v.t. to act in op- 
 position to so as to defeat or hinder ; 
 neutralize. 
 
 counterfeit (koun'ter-fit), v.t. to 
 make a copy of without authority 
 for fraudulent purposes ; forge ; imi- 
 tate : v.i. to carry on deception : adj. 
 
 feigned ; spurious ; forged : n. an 
 imitation ; a forgery. 
 
 counterfeiting (-ing), n. the crime 
 of making or uttering false coins 
 or bank-notes. 
 
 counterfoil (-foil), n. that part of a 
 document, as a cheque, &c, retained 
 by the drawer. 
 
 counterfort (-fort), n. a buttress 
 built at right angles to a wall or 
 terrace ; a spur of a mountain. 
 
 counter-light (-lit), n. a light op- 
 posite any object, causing it to ap- 
 pear to disadvantage. 
 
 countermand (-mand), v.t. to re- 
 voke or annul, as an order or com- 
 mand ; contradict the orders of : n. a 
 revocation of a former order or com- 
 mand. 
 
 countermark (-mark), n. an addi- 
 tional mark placed on goods for 
 greater security ; the mark of the 
 Goldsmiths' Company to indicate 
 the standard quality of gold or sil- 
 ver : v.t. to place a countermark 
 upon. 
 
 counterpane (-pan), n. a bed cover- 
 let. 
 
 counter-parole (-pa-rol'), n. a word 
 given in addition to the password. 
 
 counterpart (-part), n. a duplicate. 
 
 counterpoint (-point), n. the science 
 of harmony. 
 
 counterscarp (-skarp), n. the ex- 
 terior slope of a ditch opposite the 
 scarp. 
 
 counter-sea (-se), n. a sea running 
 in an opposite direction to the wind. 
 
 counterseal (-sel), v.t. to seal with 
 others : n. the reverse side of a pen- 
 dent seal attached to a document. 
 
 countersign (-sin'), v.t. to authenti- 
 cate by an additional signature : n. 
 (koun'ter-sln) an additional signa- 
 ture to a document to attest it; a 
 military watchword. 
 
 countersink (-singk), v.t. to drill (a 
 conical depression) in timber or 
 metal to receive a screw or bolt so 
 that the head is flush with the sur- 
 face. 
 
 countervail (-val), v.t. to compen- 
 sate ; counteract ; counterbalance. 
 
 countess (koun'tes), n. the wife of 
 an earl or count. 
 
 counting (kount'ing), n. reckoning. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cov 
 
 counting-house (-hous), n. the 
 room where accounts or mercantile 
 transactions are carried on. 
 
 country (kun'tri), n. [pi. countries 
 (-triz)], a tract of land; region; 
 rural parts ; one's native land : adj. 
 rural; rustic; unpolished. 
 
 county (koun'ti), n. [pi. counties 
 ('tiz) ], a definite district of a coun- 
 try separated from the rest for po- 
 litical or judicial administrative pur- 
 poses : adj. pertaining to a county. 
 
 coup (koo), n. a sudd.en telling blow , 
 a master-stroke. 
 
 coupe (koo- pa'), n. the front com- 
 partment of a French stage-coach ; 
 the end of a first-class carriage. 
 
 couple (kup'l), n. two of the same 
 kind connected together ; a pair ; 
 man and wife ; a pair of equal and 
 parallel forces ; two dissimilar metal 
 plates in contact forming a voltaic 
 battery : v.t. to link or join together ; 
 unite in marriage : v.i. to copulate ; 
 unite. 
 
 couplet (kup'let), n. two successive 
 lines of verse which rhyme together. 
 
 coupon (koo'pon), n. a certificate at- 
 tached to transferable bonds, which 
 is intended to be cut off and pre- 
 sented for the payment of dividends 
 when due ; a section of a ticket en- 
 tilting the holder to some specified 
 accommodation, &c, over a line or 
 route to be traveled, or to a seat in 
 a theater, &c. 
 
 courage (kur'aj), n. fortitude; valor. 
 
 courageous (-a'jus), adj. brave; 
 bold. 
 
 courier (ko5'ri-er), n. an express 
 messenger ; a traveling attendant 
 who makes preliminary arrange- 
 ments. 
 
 course (kors), n. a race; a path or 
 track ; career ; direction or line of 
 motion ; regular sequence ; the por- 
 tion of a meal served at one time ; 
 conduct ; behavior ; the direction a 
 ship is steered ; a continuous level 
 range of brick or masonry of the 
 same height ; the chase of a hare by 
 greyhounds : pi. catamenia ; the sails 
 set on the lower yards of a ship : 
 v.t. to hunt : v.i. move swiftly ; en- 
 gage in coursing. 
 
 courser ('er), n. a swift and spirited 
 
 horse ; a war-horse ; one who 
 courses ; a running bird of the os- 
 trich family. 
 
 coursing ('ing), n. the sport of pur- 
 suing hares with greyhounds. 
 
 court (kort), n. an enclosed space; a 
 small paved space surrounded by 
 houses ; a royal palace ; the retinue 
 of a sovereign ; a hall of justice ; 
 the judges, &c, engaged there ; ad- 
 dress ; civility ; flattery : v.t. to pay 
 court to; woo^ flatter; solicit. 
 
 courteous (ker'te-us), adj. polite; 
 obliging. 
 
 courtesan ('te-zan), n. a prostitute. 
 
 courtesy ('te-si), n. [pi. courtesies 
 (-siz)], politeness combined with 
 kindness ; civility. 
 
 courtesy (kert'si), n. [pi. courtesies 
 (-siz)], a salutation made by bend- 
 ing the knees : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cour 
 tesied, p.pr. courtesying] , to make 
 a courtesy. 
 
 courtier (kort'yer), n. one who fre- 
 quents or attends court; one who 
 solicits the favor of another; one 
 having courtly manners. 
 
 courtliness ('li-nes), n. elegance of 
 manners. 
 
 courtly ('li), adj. refined; elegant. 
 
 court-martial (mar'sha.1), n. [pi. 
 courts-martial], a court of justice 
 composed of naval or military offi- 
 cers for the trial of disciplinary 
 offenses. 
 
 court-plaster ('plas-ter), n. a supe- 
 rior kind of sticfcing-plaster, origi- 
 nally used by ladies at court for or- 
 namental patches on the face. 
 
 courtship ('ship), n. the act of woo- 
 ing. 
 
 courtyard ('yard), n. an inclosed 
 space adjoining a house. 
 
 cousin (kuz'in), n. the son or daugh- 
 ter of an uncle or aunt ; a kinsman ; 
 a title of address used by a sover- 
 eign to noblemen. 
 
 cousin-german (-jer'man), n. a 
 first cousin. 
 
 cove (kov), n. a small sheltered in- 
 let or creek ; a retired nook ; a hol- 
 low molding ; a fellow : v.i. to arch 
 over. 
 
 covenant (kuv'e-nant), n. a written 
 agreement ; deed ; bargain ; a free 
 promise of God's blessing ; a solemn 
 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
agreement, of fellowship and faith 
 between members of a church : v.i. 
 to enter into a formal agreement ; 
 bind one's self by contract. 
 
 covenanter (-er)» n. one who enters 
 into a covenant. 
 
 cover (knv'er), v.t. to overspread, as 
 the top of anything, with something 
 else ' hide : save from punishment ; 
 shelter ; clothe : v.i. put on a head 
 covering : n. that which is laid on 
 something else ; a shelter ; a covert ; 
 table furniture for one person: pi 
 thickets, underwood, &c, concealing 
 game. 
 
 covering (-ing), n. that which covers 
 or protects ; dress. 
 
 coverlet (-let), n. a bed quilt. 
 
 covert ( ku v'ert ) , adj. concealed ; cov- 
 ered ; disguised ; insidious ; under 
 authority or protection ; said of a 
 married woman : n. a place that pro- 
 tects or shelters ; a thicket ; shelter 
 for game. 
 
 coverture ('er-tur), n. a cover; shel- 
 ter ; the status of a married woman. 
 
 covet (kuv'et), v.t. to desire earnest- 
 ly ; lust after : v.i. to indulge in in- 
 ordinate desire. 
 
 covetiveness ('et-iv-nes), n. ac- 
 quisitiveness. 
 
 covetous (-us), adj. inordinately de- 
 sirous, especially of money ; avari- 
 cious. 
 
 covey (kuv'i), n. a hatch or brood 
 of birds, especially partridges. 
 
 coving (kov'ing), n. the projection 
 of the upper stories of a house over 
 the lower. 
 
 cow (kou), n. [pi. cows (kouz)], the 
 mature female of the genus bos, or 
 ox ; the female of various other ani- 
 mals, as the whale, elephant, &c. : 
 n. a wedge placed behind a crab or 
 windlass to check its motion: v.t. to 
 depress with fear. 
 
 coward Card), w.,one without cour- 
 age ; a dastard ; poltroon. 
 
 cowardice (-is), n, dishonorable 
 fear. 
 
 cow-bird ('berd), n. an American 
 blackbird, so called from its accom- 
 panying cattle. 
 
 cowboy ('boi), n. a boy who looks 
 after cows ; a mounted employee of 
 
 a stockman or ranchman who looks 
 after the cattle while grazing. 
 
 cow-catcher ('kach-er), n. a wedge- 
 shaped iron frame in the front of a 
 locomotive to remove obstructions 
 on the rails. 
 
 cower (kou'er), v.i. to crouch or sink 
 down through fear ; tremble. 
 
 cowherd ('herd), n. a tender of cat- 
 tle. 
 
 cowhide ('hid), n. the tanned and 
 dressed skins of cows ; a stout flexi- 
 ble whip made of raw hide : adj. 
 made of cowhide leather : v.t. to 
 chastise with a cowhide. 
 
 cowl (koul), n. a monk's hood; a re- 
 volving cover for a chimney pot. 
 
 cowlick ('lik), n. a tuft of hair 
 turned up or awry on the forehead. 
 
 cowpox ('poks), n. a disease which 
 affects the teats of cows, producing 
 vesicles : from these the vaccine 
 matter is obtained for inoculation 
 against smallpox. 
 
 cowrie ('ri), n. [pi. cowries (-riz)J, 
 a small glossy shell, used as money 
 by some African tribes, and in Siam. 
 Also cowry. 
 
 cowslip ('slip), n. a species of prim- 
 rose. 
 
 coxcomb ('kom), n. something re- 
 sembling a cock's comb formerly 
 worn by licensed jesters ; a vain, 
 pretentious, conceited fellow; a fop. 
 
 coxswain (kok'sun), n. the steers- 
 man of a boat, especially in a race. 
 
 coy (koi), adj. modest: bashful; de- 
 mure. 
 
 coyish ('ish), adj. somewhat coy. 
 
 coyly ('li), adv. in a coy manner. 
 
 coyness ('nes), n. reserve: demure- 
 ness. 
 
 coyote (koi-ot', or ko-yo'ta), n. the 
 prairie-wolf: v.i. (koi-ot') to search 
 for gold single-handed, and as by 
 chance. 
 
 cozen (kuz'n), v.t. to cheat. 
 
 cozy ( ko'zi ) , adj. warm and comforta- 
 ble ; snug : n. a woolen cover to keep 
 a teapot warm. 
 
 crab (krab), n. a short-tailed, stalk- 
 eyed, ten-footed crustacean ; a crab- 
 apple; a sign (Cancer) in the Zo- 
 diac; a name of various mechanical 
 devices or machines : pi. the lowest 
 cast at hazard : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 
 
era 
 
 crabbed, p.pr. crabbing], to fish for 
 crabs; to back out. 
 
 crabbed ('ed), adj. morose; hard to 
 decipher. 
 
 crabby ('i), adj. crabbed. 
 
 crack (krak), n. a chink or fissure; 
 a narrow fracture ; a sharp sound ; 
 a sharp resonant blow ; an altered 
 tone of voice : v.t. & v.i. to burst, 
 break, or sever ; utter a sharp, ab- 
 rupt cry ; extol ; injure ; damage 
 mentally ; open a bottle : adj. of su- 
 perior excellence. 
 
 cracked (krakt), adj. split; blem- 
 ished ; broken ; insane ; legally im- 
 perfect. 
 
 cracker (krak'er), n. a hard biscuit; 
 a firework ; a kind of bonbon ; a lie : 
 pi. an instrument for cracking nuts. 
 
 crackle (krak'l), v.i. to make a 
 slight, sharp explosive noise : v.t. 
 cover with a delicate network of 
 minute cracks : n. a noise of fre- 
 quent and slight cracks and re- 
 ports ; a surface glaze on glass or 
 porcelain ; the noise made by dis- 
 eased lungs in breathing. 
 
 crackling (krak'ling), n. small ab- 
 rupt cracks or reports made fre- 
 quently; the browned crisp rind of 
 roast pig. 
 
 cracknel ('nel), n. a hard fancy 
 biscuit. 
 
 cracksman ('s-man), n. [pi. cracks- 
 men ('men)], a burglar. 
 
 cradle (kra'dl), n. a baby's crib or 
 little bed ; infancy ; birthplace or 
 origin ; a case for a broken limb ; a 
 device for rescuing shipwrecked per- 
 sons ; a frame of timbers placed 
 under a ship for launching it ; a 
 steel tool used in engraving ; a gold- 
 washing machine ; a frame of wood, 
 with long teeth, fastened to a 
 scythe : v.t. to rock or place in a 
 cradle; nurse or train in infancy; 
 wash in a miner's cradle : v.i. to 
 lie in a cradle. 
 
 cradling ('dling), n. the open tim- 
 bers or ribs of a vaulted ceiling. 
 
 craft (kraft), n. manual skill; a 
 trade ; cunning ; fraud ; a small 
 trading vessel. 
 
 craftily ('i-li), adv. cunningly. 
 
 craftiness ('i-nes), n. cunning. 
 
 craftsman (krafts'man), n. [pi. 
 
 craftsmen ('men) ], a skilled artisan ; 
 a member of a particular trade. 
 
 crafty (craf'ti), adj. cunning; artful. 
 
 crag (krag), n. a steep, rugged rock; 
 shelly deposits in Pliocene strata. 
 
 cram (kram), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 crammed, p.pr. cramming] , to stuff ; 
 fill beyond satiety ; tell lies to : v.i. 
 qualify speedily for an examination : 
 to eat greedily : n. the act of cram- 
 ming physically or mentally ; has- 
 tily acquired knowledge ; a lie. 
 
 cramp (kramp), n. a rectangular 
 piece of iron with a tightening 
 screw at one end ; a spasmodic mus- 
 cular contraction of the limbs ; a 
 piece of iron bent at both ends for 
 holding : v.t. to affect with muscular 
 spasms; confine; secure with a 
 cramp. 
 
 crampit (kram'pit), n. the metal tip 
 of a scabbard, or staff. 
 
 crampoons ('poonz), n.pl. an ap- 
 paratus like double calipers for rais- 
 ing heavy weights. 
 
 cranberry ('ber-ri), n. [pi. cranber- 
 ries (-riz)], the marsh whortleber- 
 ry, with red acid berries. 
 
 crane (kran), n. a large wading bird 
 with very long legs and neck, and a 
 long straight bill ; a machine for 
 raising heavy weights: v.t. to stretch 
 or bend ( the neck ) like a crane : v.i. 
 hesitate at a dangerous jump. 
 
 cranial (kra'ni-al), adj. pertaining 
 to the skull. 
 
 craniology (-ni-ol'o-ji), n. the scien- 
 tific study of skulls and their char- 
 acteristics. 
 
 cranium ('ni-um), n. [pi. crania], 
 the skull. 
 
 crank ( krangk ) , n. a device for caus- 
 ing the rotation of an axis, or for 
 converting rotary into reciprocal mo- 
 tion, or the contrary; an instru- 
 ment of prison discipline like a 
 paddle-wheel ; an iron brace ; a 
 twist or turn; a fantastic form of 
 speech ; whim ; fancy ; a crotchety 
 or impracticable person, especially 
 one who has a monomania : adj. lia- 
 ble to lurch or capsize; opposed to 
 stiff : hence shaky. 
 
 crankiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being cranky. 
 
 cranky ('i), adj. full of crotchets or 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
era 
 
 ere 
 
 cranks; liable to be upset; in a 
 shaky or loose condition. 
 
 crannied (kran'id), adj. full of 
 chinks. 
 
 cranny ('ni), n. [pi. crannies ('niz)], 
 a chink. 
 
 crape (krap), n. a thin black gauze 
 made of raw silk and gummed : v.t. 
 to cover or drape with crape. 
 
 crash, (krash), v.t. to clash together 
 with violence : v.i. to make a loud 
 clattering noise : n. a loud, sudden, 
 confused noise; a coarse, heavy 
 linen fabric. 
 
 crass (kras), adj. gross; dense; ob- 
 tuse. 
 
 crate (krat), n. a wicker hamper. 
 
 crater (kra'ter), n. the cup-shaped 
 cavity of a volcano; an ancient 
 goblet. 
 
 crannch. See crunch. 
 
 cravat (kra-vaf), n. a neckcloth. 
 
 crave (krav), v.t. to ask for with 
 humility; beg earnestly; long for 
 eagerly. 
 
 craven (kra'vn), adj. cowardly; 
 base : n. a coward ; recreant. 
 
 craving ('ving), n. a strong desire. 
 
 craw (kraw), n. a bird's crop. 
 
 crawfish (kraw'fish) or crayfish 
 (kra') n. the common name of a 
 fresh-water lobster-like crustacean ; 
 the spiny lobster. 
 
 crawl (krawl), v.i. move slowly and 
 with difficulty ; creep : n. the act of 
 crawling ; a pen on the sea-coast for 
 fish, turtles, &c. 
 
 crayon (kra'un), n. a kind of chalk 
 pencil ; a drawing done with cray- 
 ons ; one of the carbon points of an 
 arc-light : adj. drawn with crayons : 
 v.t. to sketch out, as with a crayon. 
 
 crayonist (-ist), n. one who draws 
 or sketches with crayons. 
 
 craze (kraz), v.i. to become dement- 
 ed ; open in slight cracks : v.t. to 
 produce cracks ; render insane : n. 
 a passing fashion or infatuation ; 
 a crack in pottery glaze. 
 
 crazily (-li), adv. in a crazy manner. 
 
 craziness (-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing crazy. 
 
 crazy (kra'zi), adj. insane; dilapi- 
 dated; foolishly eager. 
 
 crazy- work (-werk), n. patchwork 
 of irregular sized pieces of silk, &c. 
 
 creak (krek), v.i. to make a sharp, 
 harsh, grating sound: n. such a 
 sound. 
 
 creaky ('i), adj. apt to creak. 
 
 cream (krem), n. the rich, oily part 
 of milk: hence the choicest part of 
 anything ; a soft unctuous cosmetic : 
 v.t. to skim cream from ; remove 
 the best part of. 
 
 cream of tartar (of tar'tar), n. 
 purified tartar or argol. 
 
 creamery ('er-i), n. [pi. creameries 
 ( -iz ) ] , a place where butter and 
 cheese are made, or where cream, 
 &c, are sold. 
 
 cream-laid, adj. noting a paper of 
 a creamy-white color, showing the 
 lines of the mold impressed on it : 
 opposed to cream-wove, which has 
 no such lines. 
 
 crease (kres), n. a mark made by 
 folding or doubling anything ; a line 
 drawn to define the limits of bowler 
 and batsman : v.t. make a crease in. 
 
 creasote. Another form of creosote. 
 
 cr eatable (kre-at'a-bl), adj. that 
 may be created. 
 
 create (kre-af), v.t. to cause to come 
 into existence ; form out of nothing ; 
 invest with a new rank, office, or 
 function : v.i. to originate. 
 
 creatine ('a-tin), n. a white crystal- 
 line substance in muscular tissue. 
 Also kreatine. 
 
 creation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
 creating; the thing created; the 
 universe. 
 
 creative ('tiv), adj. constructive. 
 
 creator ('ter), n. one who creates. 
 
 Creator, n. the Supreme Being. 
 
 creature (kre'tur), n. anything cre- 
 ated, especially a living being ; one 
 dependent on the influence of anoth- 
 er : adj. of, or belonging to, the body. 
 
 creche (krash), n. a public nursery. 
 
 credence (kre'dens), n. belief ; trust. 
 
 credenda (-den'da), n.pl. articles of 
 faith. 
 
 credential (-den'shal), adj. giving a 
 claim or title to credit : n.pl. letters 
 or certificates given to a person to 
 show he has a right to confidence or 
 the exercise of authority. 
 
 credibility (kred-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being credible. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 e, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, *fcen. 
 
cri 
 
 credible ('i-bl), adj. worthy of cred- 
 it; probable. 
 
 credibly- (-bli), adv. in a credible 
 manner. 
 
 credit (kred'it), v.t. to believe; 
 trust ; have confidence in ; enter on 
 the credit side of an account : n. 
 belief ; honor ; trust reposed ; sale 
 on trust ; time allowed for payment 
 of goods sold. 
 
 creditor (-er), n. one to whom an- 
 other is indebted for money or 
 goods. 
 
 credulity (-du'li-ti), n. ready belief. 
 
 credulous (kred'u-lus), adj. easily 
 imposed upon. 
 
 creed (kred), n. a brief statement of 
 belief. 
 
 creek (krek), n. a small bay; cove. 
 
 creel (krel), n. a wicker fishing bas- 
 ket ; a wickerwork cage : v.t. to put 
 in a creel ; catch. 
 
 creep (krep), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. crept, 
 p.pr. creeping], to move slowly 
 along the ground, as a worm or rep- 
 tile; grow along the ground, as a 
 plant ; move secretly or insidiously ; 
 fawn. 
 
 creeper ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, creeps ; a plant which clings 
 by rootlets or tendrils to some sup- 
 port ; the name of certain birds ; a 
 wingless insect ; a kind of grapnel. 
 
 creepy ( 'i ) , adj._ shivering ; chilled. 
 
 cremate (kre'mat), v.t. to reduce to 
 ashes by heat, especially dead bodies. 
 
 cremation (-ma'shun), n. the act of 
 cremating. 
 
 cremator (-ma'ter), n. a furnace for 
 consuming dead bodies, refuse, &c. 
 
 crematory ('ma-to-ri), adj. pertain- 
 ing to cremation : n. [pi. crematories 
 (-riz)], a place for burning the 
 dead. 
 
 crenate ('nat), adj. notched. 
 
 crenellated (kren'el-a-ted), adj. dec- 
 orated with indented moldings (cre- 
 nelles). 
 
 Creole (kre'ol), n. a native of Span- 
 ish America or the West Indies, de- 
 scended from European (originally 
 Spanish) ancestors: adj. pertaining 
 to a Creole. 
 
 creosol ('6-sol), n. an oily liquid re- 
 sembling phenol. 
 
 creosote ('o-sot), n. a heavy oily 
 
 liquid with a smoky smell, prepared 
 from wood-tar : used as an antisep- 
 tic : v.t. to impregnate with creosote. 
 
 crepitate (krep'i-tat), v.i. to make a 
 slight, sharp, crackling noise. 
 
 crepitation (-i-ta'shun), n. a low 
 crackling noise. 
 
 crepon (kre'pon), n. a thin crape- 
 like material of wool, silk, or cotton. 
 
 crept, p.t. & p.p. of creep. 
 
 crescent (kres'ent), adj. growing: n. 
 an increasing or new moon ; a figure 
 iike a new moon ; the Moslem pow- 
 er : v.t. to form into a crescent. 
 
 cresol (kre'sol), n. a phenol obtained 
 from coal- and wood-tar. 
 
 cress (kres), n. a name for various 
 cruciferous plants, as the water- 
 cress. 
 
 cresset ('et), n. a light set on a 
 beacon; an open frame of iron con- 
 taining fire, used as a torch ; a 
 cooper's implement. 
 
 crest (krest), n. a plume of feathers 
 on the head of a bird, helmet, &c. ; 
 the ridge of a wave ; summit of a 
 hill ; courage ; pride ; spirit : v.t. to 
 furnish or adorn with a crest ; mark 
 with lines or streaks : v.i. to take 
 the form of a crest or ridge. 
 
 crestfallen ('fawl-n), adj. dejected. 
 
 cretaceous (kre-ta'shus), adj. com- 
 posed of, or like, chalk ; chalky. 
 
 cretonne (kre-ton'), n. an unglazed 
 cotton fabric printed on one side. 
 
 crevasse (krev-as'), n. a deep fissure 
 in a glacier ice ; a breach in a levee 
 or embankment of a river. 
 
 crevice (krev'is), n. a crack; fissure. 
 
 crew, p.t. of crow. 
 
 crew (kroo), n. a ship or boat's com- 
 pany; a crowd or company of peo- 
 ple. 
 
 crewel ('el), n. fine twisted worsted, 
 &c, used in fancy work. 
 
 crib (krib), n. a rack or manger; a 
 stall for horses or cattle ; a child's 
 bed ; a small lodging ; a situation ; 
 a petty theft ; a plagiarism ; a lit- 
 eral translation : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 cribbed, p.pr. cribbing], to confine; 
 steal ; plagiarize : v.i. make notes 
 for dishonest use in an examination. 
 
 cribbage ('aj), n. a card game. 
 
 crick (krik), n. a painful stiffness of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ori 
 
 the muscles of the neck, or local 
 spasm. 
 
 cricket ( 'et ) , n. the well-known game 
 played with wickets, bats, and a 
 ball, by eleven players on each side ; 
 a chirping insect. 
 
 cricketings (-ingz), n.pl. a kind of 
 fine twilled flannel. 
 
 crier (krl'er), n. one who makes a 
 public proclamation. 
 
 crime (krim), n. a violation of the 
 law ; an offense against morality or 
 the public welfare ; wrong-doing. 
 
 criminal ('i-nal), adj. pertaining to 
 crime : n. one guilty of a crime. 
 
 criminality ('i-ti), n. guilt. 
 
 criminate ('i-nat), v.t. to accuse, 
 or declare guilty, of crime ; involve 
 in a crime. 
 
 crimination (-i-na'shun), n. accusa- 
 tion. 
 
 criminology (-i-nol'o-ji), n. the sci- 
 entific investigation of crimes and 
 criminals. 
 
 crimp (krimp), v.t. to bend or twist 
 in regular undulations ; to cause to 
 contract, as the flesh of live fish ; 
 decoy for enlistment : n. formerly 
 one who entrapped men for the En- 
 glish navy or army, or the merchant 
 service ; one who keeps a low lodg- 
 ing-house for seamen. 
 
 crimson (krim'zn), n. a deep red 
 color inclining to purple : adj. crim- 
 son-colored : v.t. to dye with crim- 
 son : v.i. to blush. 
 
 cringe (krinj), v.i. to bend or crouch 
 from fear or with servility : n. a 
 servile bow. 
 
 crinkle (kring'kl), v.t. to wrinkle; 
 corrugate : v.i. to be corrugated or 
 crimped : n. a wrinkle ; bend. 
 
 crinoline (krin'o-lin), n. a hoop- 
 skirt ; a stiff fabric for stiffening a 
 garment. 
 
 cripple (krip'l), v.t. to deprive of the 
 use of a limb ; disable : n. one who 
 is lame. 
 
 crippling ('ling), n. spars or tim- 
 bers used to support the sides of a 
 building. 
 
 crisis (krl'sis), n. [pi. crises (-sez)], 
 a turning point ; a critical turn in 
 a disease ; emergency ; conjuncture. 
 
 crisp (krisp), adj. wavy; curled; 
 brittle ; cheerful ; terse ; sparkling : 
 
 v.t. to curl ; ripple : v.i. to form 
 little curls_; become friable. 
 
 crispate ('at), adj. curled. 
 
 Crispin ('in), n. a shoemaker: in 
 allusion to St. Crispin, the patron 
 saint of shoemakers. 
 
 criss-cross ('kros), n. an intersec- 
 tion ; a child's game played with 
 O's and X's : adj. going backwards 
 and forwards. 
 
 criterion (kri-te'ri-on), n. [pi. cri- 
 teria (-&)], a standard, law, or 
 rule by which a correct judgment 
 can be formed. 
 
 crith. (krith), n. a unit of mass, 
 used for gases = 1 liter of hydro- 
 gen. 
 
 critic (krit'ik), n. one skilled in criti- 
 cism ; one who judges captiously. 
 
 critical (-al), adj. nicely exact; 
 skilled in criticism ; censorious ; 
 pertaining to the turning point of a 
 disease. 
 
 critically (-li), adv. in a critical 
 manner. 
 
 criticise ('i-siz), v.t. to examine or 
 judge as a critic ; censure : v.i. to 
 review. 
 
 criticism ('i-sizm), n. the art of 
 judging and defining the merits of a 
 literary or artistic work ; censure. 
 
 critique (kri-tek'), n. a careful an- 
 alysis of a literary or artistic pro- 
 duction. 
 
 croak (krok), v.i. to make a sound 
 like a raven, &c. ; grumble : n. the 
 low, hoarse sound of the raven or 
 frog. 
 
 crocket (kro-sha'), n. a kind of knit- 
 ting with a hooked needle, in cot- 
 ton, wool, &c. : v.t. to work in cro- 
 chet. 
 
 crock (krok), n. soot on a kettle, 
 &c. ; an earthenware pot or vessel : 
 v.t. to blacken with soot ; smudge. 
 
 crockery ('er-i), n. earthenware. 
 
 crocket ('et), n. an ornament em- 
 ployed to decorate the angles of 
 spires, canopies, &c. ; one of the 
 ends of a stag's horn. 
 
 crocodile ('6-dil, or -dil), n. a large 
 lizard-like amphibian reptile, with 
 hard square scales on its back and 
 tail. 
 
 crocus (kro'kus), n. a genus of irida- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cro 
 
 ceous plants, from one species of 
 which saffron is obtained. 
 
 croft (kroft), n. a small farm, or in- 
 closed field. 
 
 crofter ('er), n. a small farmer of 
 Western Scotland, who rents and 
 tills a small farm. 
 
 cromlech (krom'lek), n. an ancient 
 monument of rough stones with one 
 huge flat stone resting horizontally 
 upon others. 
 
 crone (kron), n. an old woman. 
 
 crony ('ni), n. {pi. cronies ('niz)], 
 a familiar friend. 
 
 crook (krook), n. a bend; a shep- 
 herd's hooked staff ; a bishop's staff ; 
 a swindler: v.t. to bend: v.i. to be 
 bent. 
 
 croon (kroon), v.i. to utter a hollow 
 continued moan ; sing in a soft, 
 
 4 plaintive tone. 
 
 crop (krop), n. the produce of the 
 ground, as corn, &c. ; a bird's craw ; 
 a stout hunting whip ; hair cut 
 close or short : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 cropped, cropt, p.pr. cropping], to 
 cut off the tops or ends of anything ; 
 reap ; mow ; cause to bear a crop : 
 v.i. appear unexpectedly ; to sprout. 
 
 cropping- out (-out), n. the appear- 
 ance at the surface of a lode of 
 metal, or seam of coal. 
 
 croquet (kro-ka'), n. a lawn game 
 played with mallets, balls, and 
 hoops : v.t. to drive away, as an op- 
 ponent's ball after placing one's own 
 in contact with it. 
 
 croquette (-kef), n. ball of mince- 
 meat, fish, or fowl, seasoned and 
 fried brown. 
 
 crosier (kro'zher), n. a bishop's staff. 
 
 cross (kros), n. a gibbet of wood 
 formed of an upright and a cross 
 piece, used in the punishment of 
 crucifixion : now the emblem of the 
 Christian faith ; a device resembling 
 a cross ; a mark made on a docu- 
 ment by those who cannot write; a 
 trial of patience ; an animal of a 
 cross-breed : v.t. to put, or draw, 
 across ; cancel ; pass ; thwart ; ob- 
 struct ; make the sign of a cross 
 upon ; to cause to interbreed : v.i. to 
 be athwart ; be inconsistent ; inter- 
 breed : adj. falling athwart ; not 
 
 parallel ; fretful ; perverse ; untrac- 
 table. 
 
 cross-bill ('bil), n. a bill brought by 
 a defendant against a plaintiff pray- 
 ing for relief ; a bird with a cross- 
 shaped bill. 
 
 crossbow ('bo), n. a shooting weap- 
 on, having a bow across the stock. 
 
 cross-breed ('bred), n. an animal 
 produced by a male and female of 
 different varieties. 
 
 cross-examination ( -eg-zam-i-na'- 
 shun), n. the questioning of a wit- 
 ness by his own, or the opposing, 
 counsel. 
 
 cross-grained ('grand), adj. with 
 an irregular grain or fiber ; con- 
 trary or awkward in temper. 
 
 crossing ('ing), n. the action of the 
 verb to cross ; a path across ; inter- 
 section ; opposition. 
 
 cross-jack (kro'jak), n. the lower 
 yard on the mizzen-mast. 
 
 crossly ('li), adj. athwart; peevish- 
 ly. 
 
 cross-purpose ('per-pus), n. a con- 
 trary purpose : pi. a game of ques- 
 tions and answers. 
 
 cross-question (-kwes'chun), v.t. 
 to cross-examine. 
 
 cross-sea ('se), n. , a chopping sea, 
 in which the water runs in different 
 directions. 
 
 cross-stitch ('stich), n. a stitch 
 formed of two stitches of the same 
 length, the one crossing the other. 
 
 cross-tie ('ti), n. a railroad sleeper. 
 
 cross-trees ('trez), n.pl. short pieces 
 of timber at the upper ends of the 
 lower and top masts, to support the 
 rigging. 
 
 cross-wind ('wind), n. a side, or un- 
 favorable, wind. 
 
 cross-wise ('wiz), adv. across; cross- 
 shaped. 
 
 crotch (kroch), n. a hook or fork. 
 
 crotchet ('et), n. a musical note '= 
 l-4th a semibreve ; a bracket ; a 
 whim or fancy. 
 
 crotchety ('et-i), adj. whimsical; 
 odd. 
 
 croton-bug (kro'tun-bug), n. a small 
 active winged cockroach. 
 
 croton-oil (-oil), n. a viscid vege- 
 table oil expressed from the seeds 
 of a tropical plant. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cro 
 
 era 
 
 crouch (krouch), v.i. to stoop low: 
 
 cringe. 
 croup (kroop), n. the rump or but- 
 tocks of certain animals ; the place 
 behind the saddle ; inflammation of 
 the trachea and^ larynx, with a 
 hoarse cough and difficult breath- 
 ing. 
 
 croupier ('pi-er), n. one who pre- 
 sides at a gaming table and collects 
 or pays out the money won or lost ; 
 a vice-chairman. 
 
 croupy ('i), adj. affected with croup. 
 
 crow (kro), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. crowed, 
 crew, p.pr. crowing], to make a 
 shrill sound like a cock ; boast in 
 triumph ; utter a cry of pleasure : 
 n. the cry of a cock ; a general name 
 for birds of the genus Corvus, us- 
 ually black, and with a strong con- 
 ical bill. 
 
 crowbar ('bar), n. an iron lever. 
 
 crowd (kroud), n. a number of per- 
 sons or things collected closely to- 
 gether ; the populace : v.t. to press 
 closely together ; fill to excess ; im- 
 portune, as for a debt : v.i. to press 
 in numbers. 
 
 crown (kroun), n. a royal head-dress 
 worn as the insignia of sovereignty ; 
 regal power ; a wreath ; the top ; an 
 English silver coin (5s) ; the cor- 
 ona of a flower ; the upper part of a 
 tooth ; a size of printing paper ( 15 
 x 20 in.) : v.t. to invest with a 
 crown ; adorn or dignify ; complete ; 
 reward. 
 
 crown-glass ('glas), n. finest win- 
 dow-glass. 
 
 crow's-foot (kroz'foot), n. the ra- 
 nunculus ; a caltrop ; an arrange- 
 ment of cords to suspend an awning : 
 pi. wrinkles under the eyes. 
 
 crow's-nest ('z-nest), n. a look-out, 
 or watch-tower, on the main-top- 
 mast crosstrees of a whaling vessel. 
 
 croy (kroi), n. marsh land; an in- 
 closure for taking fish. 
 
 crucial ( kroo'shial ) , adj. cruciform ; 
 intersecting ; severe ; searching. 
 
 crucible ('si-bl), n. a melting-pot. 
 
 crucifier ('si-fi-er), n. one who cru- 
 cifies. 
 
 crucifix ('si-fiks), n. [pi. crucifixes 
 (-ez)], a cross with the sculptured 
 figure of Christ. 
 
 crucifixion (-si-fik'shun), n. the act 
 of crucifying, especially the cruci- 
 fixion of Christ upon the cross; 
 great mental trial, or suffering. 
 
 cruciform ('si-form), n. cross- 
 shaped. 
 
 crucify ('si-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cru- 
 cified, p.pr. crucifying], to put to 
 death by nailing the hands and feet 
 to a cross; torture; destroy the 
 power of (Gal. v. 24). 
 
 crude (krood), adj. in a natural 
 state; unripe; raw; immature; un- 
 cultured; harsh in color. 
 
 crudely ('li), adv. in a crude man- 
 ner. 
 
 crudeness ('nes), n. the quality of 
 being crude. 
 
 crudity ('i-ti), n. [pi. crudities 
 (-tiz)], the state or condition of 
 being crude. 
 
 cruel (kroo'el), adj. disposed to give 
 pain to others ; merciless ; hard- 
 hearted ; fierce ; painful ; unrelent- 
 ing : adv. very. 
 
 cruelly (-li), adv. in a cruel manner. 
 
 cruelty ('el-ti), n. [pi. cruelties 
 (-tiz)], inhumanity; savageness. 
 
 cruet ('et), n. a. small glass vial. 
 
 cruise. Same as cruse. 
 
 cruise (krooz), v.i. to sail to and fro ; 
 wander about : n. a voyage from 
 place to place for warlike purposes, 
 or for pleasure. 
 
 cruiser ('er), n. a person, or ship, 
 that cruises; fast warship. 
 
 crumb (krum), n. the soft inner part 
 of bread ; a fragment of bread ; a 
 little piece : v.t. to dress with 
 crumbs. 
 
 crumble ('bl), v.t. to break into 
 crumbs ; cause to fall into pieces : 
 v.i. to disappear gradually. 
 
 crummy ('i), adj. having crumbs; 
 soft. 
 
 crumpet ('pet), n. a soft tea-cake. 
 
 crumple ('pi), v.t. to press into 
 wrinkles ; rumple : v.i. to become 
 rumpled. 
 
 crunch (krunch), v.t. to crush with 
 the teeth; grind violently: v.i. to 
 chew audibly : n. the act of crunch- 
 ing. 
 
 crupper (krup'er), n. the buttocks of 
 a horse; the looped leather band 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 D.16. 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cub 
 
 passing round a horse's tail : v.t. 
 to put a crupper on. 
 
 crural (kroS'ral), adj. pertaining to 
 the leg or thigh ; leg-shaped. 
 
 crusade (kroo-sad'), n. a mediaeval 
 military expedition under the ban- 
 ner of the cross by any one of the 
 Christian powers to recover the 
 Holy Land ; vigorous concerted ac- 
 tion for the defense of some cause, 
 or the advancement of some idea : 
 vA. to engage in a crusade. 
 
 cruse (kroos), n. an earthen pot or 
 dish; a small vessel for holding 
 liquids. 
 
 cruse t (kroo'set), n. a goldsmith's 
 crucible. 
 
 crush (krush), v.t. to press between 
 two opposite bodies ; squeeze ; break 
 by pressure ; bruise ; ruin ; quell : 
 v.i. to be pressed out of shape or 
 into smaller compass : n. a violent 
 compression or collision. 
 
 crush-hat ('hat), n. a collapsible 
 hat. 
 
 crust (krust), n. a hard external 
 coating or rind ; the exterior solid 
 part of the earth's surface ; a shell 
 or hard covering : v.t. to cover over 
 with crust : v.i. to contract into a 
 hard covering. 
 
 Crustacea (krus'ta'shi-a), n.pl. a 
 prime division of the Orthropoda, 
 comprising crabs and lobsters. 
 
 crustacean ('shi-an), adj. pertaining 
 to the Crustacea : n. one of the Crus- 
 tacea. 
 
 crustaceous (-ta'shi-us), adj. shelly. 
 
 crusty ( krus'ti ) , adj. like a crust ; 
 rough in manner; surly; snappish. 
 
 crutch (kruch), n. a support for 
 cripples ; any mechanical device like 
 a crutch; the forked rest on a 
 woman's saddle. 
 
 cry (kri), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cried, p.pr. 
 crying)], to call aloud; proclaim; 
 exclaim vehemently ; implore ; re- 
 quire redress ; shed tears : v.t. to 
 utter loudly and publicly in giving 
 notice : n. loud or passionate utter- 
 ance, especially of weeping or lam- 
 entation ; an exclamation of won- 
 der or triumph ; outcry ; clamor ; 
 acclamation ; proclamation ; common 
 report ; a pack of hounds ; a battle 
 cry ; a party catchword or phrase. 
 
 crying ('ing), p. adj. specially de- 
 manding notice ; notorious ; urgent. 
 
 cryolite ('6-lit), n. a fluoride of so- 
 dium and aluminium : the source of 
 aluminium. 
 
 crypt (kript), n. a subterranean cell 
 or vault, usually under a church : 
 sometimes used as a chapel or 
 shrine. 
 
 cryptic ('ik), adj. hidden; secret. 
 
 Cryptogamia (krip-to-ga'mi-a), n. 
 pi. in the Linnean system, a class 
 of flowerless plants, as mosses, 
 ferns, &c. 
 
 cryptogram ('to-gram), n. a writ- 
 ing, or a system of writing, in 
 cipher. 
 
 cryptography (-tog'ra-fi), n. the 
 art of writing in cipher or secret 
 characters. 
 
 crypt on (krip'ton), n. an element of 
 the atmosphere, recently discovered. 
 
 cryptonym ('to-nim), n. a secret 
 name. 
 
 crystal (kris'tal), n. an inorganic 
 body having a definite geometrical 
 form ; a glass of superior clearness ; 
 anything transparent and clear : adj. 
 consisting of crystal ; clear ; trans- 
 parent. 
 
 crystalline ('ta-lin), adj. pertaining 
 to, or having the form of, a crystal ; 
 clear ; transparent. 
 
 crystallization (-li-za'shun), n. the 
 act of crystallizing. 
 
 crystallize ('tal-iz), v.t. to cause to 
 form crystals or a crystalline struc- 
 ture : v.i. to be converted into crys- 
 tals ; assume a definite shape. 
 
 crystallography ( -log'ra-fi ) , n. the 
 science of the forms and structure 
 of crystals. 
 
 cub (kub), n. the young of certain 
 animals, as the fox. 
 
 cubage (ku'baj), n. the act of de- 
 termining the contents of a solid ; 
 the contents so measured. 
 
 cubby-hole (kub'i-hol), n. a snug 
 place. 
 
 cube (kiib), n. a regular solid body 
 with six equal square sides or faces ; 
 the product obtained by multiplying 
 the square of a quantity by the 
 quantity itself, as 5 X 5 X 5 = 
 125, cube of 5 : v.t. to raise to the 
 third power, or cube. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
cub 
 
 cul 
 
 cube root ('root), n. the first power 
 of a cube, as 5 of 125. 
 
 cubeb (ku'beb), n. the small spicy 
 berry of a species of pepper ; Java 
 pepper. 
 
 cubic ('bik), adj. having the form 
 or properties of a cube. Also cubic- 
 al. 
 
 cubically (-al-li), adv. in a cubic 
 manner. 
 
 cubit ('bit), n. an ancient measure 
 of about 18 inches ; the forearm 
 from the elbow to the wrist. 
 
 cubo-cubei ('bo-kub) ? n. the square 
 of the cube, or the sixth power of a 
 number, as 729 = 3 6 . 
 
 cucking-stool (kuk'ing-stool), n. a 
 kind of chair in which disorderly 
 females, scolds, &c, were placed and 
 ducked. 
 
 cuckold (kuk'old), n. the husband of 
 an adulteress ; the burdock. 
 
 cuckoo (kook'oo), n. a passerine 
 bird with a dark plumage and 
 curved bill : so named from its char- 
 acteristic note. 
 
 cucumber (ku'kum-ber), n. a creep- 
 ing plant, the elongated fruit of 
 which is used as a salad, and as a 
 pickle. 
 
 cud (kud), n. food brought from the 
 first stomach of a ruminating ani- 
 mal back into the mouth and chewed 
 again. 
 
 cuddle (kud'l), v.t. to embrace close- 
 ly : v.i. to lie close or snug : n. a 
 close embrace. 
 
 cudgel (kuj'el), n. a short thick 
 stick : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cudgeled, 
 p.pr. cudgeling], to beat with a 
 cudgel. 
 
 cue (ku), n. the tail or end of a 
 things a queue ; a hint ; the last 
 word of an actor's speech; the part 
 one has to play ; a number of per- 
 sons waiting ranged in a line ; the 
 tapering rod used in billiards. 
 
 cuff (kuf), n. a blow; the ornamental 
 fold of the sleeve of a garment at 
 the wrist : v.t. to strike with the 
 hand. 
 
 cuirass (kwe-ras'), n. a breastplate. 
 
 cuirassier (-er'), n. a cavalry soldier 
 armed with a cuirass. 
 
 cuisine (kwe-zen'), n. the kitchen of 
 
 a hotel, &c. ; style or quality of 
 cooking. 
 
 cul-de-sac (koo'de-sak), n. [pi. culs- 
 de-sac], a passage open only at one 
 end ; a position in which an army 
 finds itself when hemmed in and no 
 exit but in front. 
 
 culinary (ku'li-na-ri), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the kitchen, or the art or pro- 
 cess of cooking. 
 
 cull (kul), v.t. to pick out; select; 
 gather. 
 
 culminate ('mi-nat), v.i. to reach 
 the highest point of altitude, rank, 
 power, &c. ; come to the meridian. 
 
 culmination (-na'shun), n. the at- 
 tainment of the highest point ; the 
 transit of a planet through the me- 
 ridian. 
 
 culpability (-pa-bil'i-ti), n. liability 
 to blame. 
 
 culpable ('pa-bl), adj. deserving cen- 
 sure ; criminal ; blameworthy. 
 
 culpatory ('pa-to-ri), adj. censuring. 
 
 culprit ('prit), n. one arraigned be- 
 fore a judge ; one accused of a crime 
 or fault. 
 
 cult (kult), n. a particular ritual or 
 system of worship ; a subject of 
 special study ; devoted or extrava- 
 gant homage or adoration. 
 
 cultch (kulch), n. materials forming 
 a spawning bed for oysters ; oyster- 
 spawn. 
 
 cultivate (kul'ti-vat), v.t. to till; 
 improve by care, labor, or study ; 
 seek the society of. 
 
 cultivation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
 cultivating; tillage; culture. 
 
 cultivator ('ti-va-ter), n. one who, 
 or that which, cultivates ; a farmer ; 
 an agricultural implement. 
 
 cultural ('tur-a.1), adj. pertaining to 
 culture. 
 
 culture ('tur), n. tillage; the train- 
 ing or refining of the moral or in- 
 tellectual faculties ; care given to 
 the growth and development of ani- 
 mals and plants ; the propagation 
 of bacteria for scientific study. 
 
 culverin ('ver-in), n. s, long cannon 
 of the 16th century with serpent- 
 shaped handles. 
 
 culvert ('vert), n. a drain or water- 
 way of masonry or brickwork under 
 a road, &c. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, #ien. 
 
 / 
 
cur 
 
 cumber (kum'ber), v.t. to hinder; 
 embarrass ; oppress ; perplex. 
 
 cumbersome (-sum), adj. burden- 
 some ; unwieldy. 
 
 cumbrous ('brus), adj. troublesome; 
 vexatious ; heavy ; obstructing. 
 
 cumin (kum'in), n. a plant, with 
 warm aromatic bitterish seeds. Also 
 cummin. 
 
 cumulative (ku'mu-la-tiv), adj. 
 augmenting or giving force ; in- 
 creasing by successive additions. 
 
 cumulative vote (vot), n. a system 
 of voting by which a voter votes for 
 each candidate, or gives all his votes 
 to one. 
 
 cumulus (kum'u-lus), n. [pi. cumuli 
 (-11)], a cloud in round woolly 
 masses. 
 
 cuneate (ku'ne-at), adj. wedge- 
 shaped. 
 
 cuneiform (-i-form), adj. having the 
 form of a wedge : said of the wedge- 
 shaped characters of the Assyrian 
 and ancient Persian inscriptions. 
 Also arrowhead. 
 
 cunning (kun'ing), adj. crafty; sly; 
 designing; subtle: n. deceit; crafti- 
 ness ; the natural instinct of an 
 animal. 
 
 cup (kup), n. a small drinking ves- 
 sel ; something shaped like a cup ; a 
 chalice ; a piece of plate offered as 
 a prize ; a vessel for drawing blood : 
 pi. repeated potations : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. cupped, p.pr. cupping], to bleed 
 by means of a cupping-glass : v.i. to 
 strike or indent the ground with 
 a golf-club when striking the ball. 
 
 cupboard (kub'erd), n. a closet fit- 
 ted with shelves for holding cups, 
 plates, &c. 
 
 cupel (ku'pel), n. a shallow porous 
 vessel in which gold and silver are 
 refined : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cupeled, 
 p.pr. cupeling], to refine (precious 
 metals) from lead in a cupel. 
 
 cupellation (-pel-a'shun), n. the act 
 of refining in a cupel. 
 
 cupful (kup'fool), n. [pi. cupfuls 
 ('foolz)], as much as a cup will 
 contain. 
 
 cupidity (kii-pid'i-ti), n. covetous- 
 ness. 
 
 cupola ('po-la), n. [pi. cupolas 
 
 (-laz) ], a spherical cup-shaped roof; 
 a revolving shot-proof turret. 
 
 cupreous ('pre-us), adj. coppery. 
 
 cupric ( 'prik ) , adj. pertaining to cop- 
 per. 
 
 cupriferous (-prif'er-us), adj. yield- 
 ing copper. 
 
 cuprite ('prit), n. red oxide of cop- 
 per. 
 
 cupule ('pul), n. a little cup, as of 
 the acorn; a small cup-shaped 
 organ. 
 
 cur (ker), n. a mongrel dog; a surly, 
 ill-bred person. 
 
 curable (kur'a-pl), adj. remediable. 
 
 curacy (ku/ra-si), n. the office or dis- 
 trict of a curate. 
 
 curari (-ra'ri), n. a black resinous 
 substance prepared from the bark 
 of a South American tree, used by 
 the natives for poisoning their ar- 
 rows : it is a powerful anaesthetic. 
 
 curarine ('rin), n. an alkaloid ex- 
 tract of curari of a more deadly 
 nature. 
 
 curarize ('riz), v.t. to poison by cu- 
 rari. 
 
 curassow (-ras'o), n. a large galli- 
 naceous South American bird. 
 
 curate (ku'rat), n. a clergyman who 
 assists a vicar or incumbent. 
 
 curative ('ra-tiv), adj. pertaining to 
 the cure of diseases ; promoting 
 cure: n. that which cures or serves 
 to cure. 
 
 curator (-ra'ter), n. the superintend- 
 ent of a museum, art gallery, &c. 
 
 curb (kerb), v.t. restrain; keep in 
 subjection; furnish with, or as 
 with, a curb : n. that which checks, 
 restrains, or subdues ; a part of a 
 horse's bridle; a curbstone. 
 
 curbing (kerb'ing), n. curbstones 
 collectively ; material for curbstones. 
 
 curbstone ('ston), n. the stone-edge 
 of a path. 
 
 curd (kerd), n. the coagulated part 
 of milk, containing casein : v.t. to 
 cause to curdle. 
 
 curdiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being curdy. 
 
 curdle (ker'dl), v.t. to thicken into 
 curd : v.i. to coagulate. 
 
 curdy ( 'di ) , adj. like, or full of, curd. 
 
 cure (kur), n. restoration to health; 
 the act, or art, of healing; spiritual 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cur 
 
 charge ; the office of a parish priest 
 or curate : v.t. to heal ; restore to 
 health ; set free from ; preserve by 
 salting. 
 
 cure (ku-ra'), n. in France, a Roman 
 Catholic parish priest. 
 
 curfew (ker'fu), n. a bell originally 
 rung at 8 p. m. as an intimation 
 that fires and lights were to be ex- 
 tinguished. 
 
 curio ('ri-o), n. [pi. curios (-oz)], 
 bric-a-brac ; a curiosity. 
 
 curiosity (-os'i-ti), n. [pi. curiosities 
 (-tiz) ], the quality of being curious ; 
 inquisitiveness ; something strange 
 or rare. 
 
 curioso (-o'so), n. [pi. curiosi ('si)], 
 a virtuoso. 
 
 curious ('ri-us), adj. desirous to see 
 or know something new or strange ; 
 inquisitive ; scrutinizing ; exact ; ex- 
 traordinary. 
 
 curl (kerl), n. a ringlet of hair; an 
 undulation or bend; a disease in 
 fruit trees and potatoes : v.t. to 
 twist into ringlets ; crisp ; coil ; raise 
 in undulations ; curve : v.i. to con- 
 tract or bend into ringlets ; move 
 in spirals or undulations ; become 
 curled ; play at the game of curling. 
 
 curler ('er), n. one who curls; one 
 who plays at the game of curling. 
 
 curlew ('hi), n. migratory short- 
 tailed wading bird with a long 
 curved bill. 
 
 curling ('ling), n. a popular Scottish 
 game played on the ice with smooth, 
 flat, cheese-shaped stones, fitted with 
 handles. 
 
 curly *('li), adj. having curls; wavy. 
 
 curmudgeon (-mud'jun), n. a grasp- 
 ing, churlish fellow; a niggard. 
 
 currant ('ant), n. a small variety of 
 dried grape ; the well-known shrub 
 and its berry. 
 
 currency ('en-si), n. a continual 
 passing from hand to hand; unin- 
 terrupted course; the circulating 
 monetary medium of a nation used 
 by authority. 
 
 current Cent), adj. widely circu- 
 lated ; passing from hand to hand ; 
 now passing, as time ; generally ac- 
 cepted or credited ; prevalent ; com- 
 mon : n. a flow or passing : said of 
 fluids ; body of air or water flowing 
 
 in a certain direction; general tend- 
 ency. 
 
 curricle ('i-kl), n. a two- wheeled 
 chaise drawn by two horses abreast. 
 
 curriculum (-ik'u-lum), n. [pi. cur- 
 ricula (-la)], a course; a prescribed 
 course of study in a university, 
 school, &c. 
 
 currier ('i-er), n. a leather dresser. 
 
 currish ( 'ish ) , adj. snappish ; quar- 
 relsome. 
 
 curry (kur'i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. curried, 
 p.pr. currying], to dress (leather) 
 after tanning ; beat ; flatter ; dress 
 or clean (a horse). 
 
 curry (kur'i), n. [pi. curries ('iz)], 
 a highly-spiced East Indian sauce ; a 
 stew of rice, fowl, &c, flavored with 
 curry : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. curried, p.pr. 
 currying], to cook or flavor with 
 curry. 
 
 curry-comb (-kom), n. a metallic 
 comb, used in grooming horses. 
 
 curse (kers), n. an imprecation of 
 evil ; that which brings or causes 
 evil or trouble ; a profane oath : 
 v.t. to imprecate evil upon ; cause 
 evil to ; anathematize : v.i. to swear. 
 
 cursed (ker'sed), p. adj. under a 
 curse ; hateful ; unsanctified. 
 
 cursorial (-so'ri-al), adj. adapted 
 for running or walking. 
 
 cursorily ('so-ri-li), adv. hastily. 
 
 cursory ('so-ri), adj. hasty; superfi- 
 cial. 
 
 curst, p.p. of curse. 
 
 curt (kert), adj. abrupt; short. 
 
 curtail (ker-tal'), v.t. to cut short; 
 reduce. 
 
 curtailment ('ment), n. the act of 
 curtailing. 
 
 curtain ('tin), n. a textile hanging 
 screen which can be drawn up or 
 set aside at pleasure ; the part of 
 the rampart and parapet between 
 two bastions or gates : v.t. to in- 
 close in, or as with, curtains. 
 
 curtsy (kert'si), n. [pi. curtsies 
 Csiz)], a salutation made by bend- 
 ing the knees. Also curtsey : v.i. 
 [p.t. & p.p. curtsied, p.pr. curtsy- 
 ing], to make a curtsy. 
 
 curvate (ker'vat), adj. bent; curved. 
 
 curvation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
 bending. 
 
 curvature ('va-tur), n. a bending. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cur 
 
 cut 
 
 curve (kerv), adj. bent without 
 angles : n. a bending without angles ; 
 a draughtsman's instrument for 
 forming curves : v.t. to bend. 
 
 curvet (ker' or ker-vet'), n. a partic- 
 ular leap of a horse; a frisk or 
 bound : v.i. to leap as a horse ; frisk 
 or bound. 
 
 cur viii neal (-vi-lin'e-al), or curvi- 
 linear (-ar), adj. consisting of, or 
 bounded by, curved lines. 
 
 curving ('ving), n. a curve; bend. 
 
 cushion (koosh'un), n. a pillow or 
 soft pad for sitting or reclining upon ; 
 a pillow used in lace-making ; the 
 elastic rim of a billiard-table : v.t. 
 to seat upon a cushion ; furnish with 
 a cushion : v.i. make the cue-ball 
 strike against the cushion. 
 
 cusp (kusp), n. the horn of a cres- 
 cent ; a sharp rigid point ; a spear- 
 shaped architectural ornament. 
 
 cuspidal (kus'pi-dal), adj. ending in 
 a point. 
 
 cuspidate ('pi-dat), adj. furnished 
 with a sharp, spear-like point. 
 
 cuspidor ('pi-dor), n. a spittoon. 
 
 custard ('terd), n. a composition of 
 eggs and milk, &c, baked or boiled. 
 
 custodian (-to'di-an), n. one who 
 hate the care of anything. 
 
 custody ('to-di), n. guardianship; 
 imprisonment ; security. 
 
 custom ('turn), n. frequent or habit- 
 ual repetition of the same act ; es- 
 tablished usage ; business support ; 
 unwritten law ; duties on imported 
 or exported goods : v.i. to be ac- 
 customed. 
 
 custom house (hous), n. a building 
 where duties are paid on exported 
 or imported goods, and vessels are 
 entered and cleared. 
 
 customary (-a-ri), adj. habitual; 
 conventional ; common. 
 
 customer (-er), n. a purchaser. 
 
 cut (kut), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cut, p.pr. 
 cutting], to cleave or separate with 
 a sharp instrument ; make an in* 
 cision in ; divide ; trim ; castrate ; 
 excavate ; intersect ; abridge ; di- 
 minish ; pass deliberately without 
 recognition; wound deeply; divide (a 
 pack of cards) at random ; strike (a 
 ball) so as to send it at right angles 
 to the batsman : v.i. to make an in- 
 
 cision ; perform the work of an 
 edged instrument; grow through the 
 gums : n. an incision or wound made 
 by a sharp instrument ; gash ; a 
 sharp stroke ; a sarcastic remark ; 
 a trench, channel, &c, made by dig- 
 ging ; a slice ; a near passage ; a 
 block on which an engraving is 
 cut ; the fashion of a garment ; 
 shape ; deliberate ignoring of an ac- 
 quaintance; the division of a pack 
 of cards ; a particular stroke in 
 cricket, and lawn tennis ; a diminu- 
 tion in price below another mer- 
 chant : adj. divided or separated ; 
 gashed ; having the surface orna- 
 mented or fashioned; not wrought 
 or hand-made. 
 
 cut-glass (kut'glas), n. flint glass 
 cut into facets or figures. 
 
 cut-off ('of), n. a short or straight 
 road ; a new shorter channel cut by 
 a river across a bend ; a device for 
 stopping steam from entering a cyl- 
 inder. 
 
 cut-out ('out), n. a switch-like con- 
 trivance to cut off an -electric light 
 from the circuit. 
 
 cut- throat ('throt), n. a murderer; 
 ruffian. 
 
 cutaneous (kii-ta'ne-us), adj. per- 
 taining to the skin. 
 
 cutaway (kut'a-wa), adj. cut back 
 from the waist : n. a coat, the skirts 
 of which slope from the waist. 
 
 cutch (kuch), n. oyster-spawn; 
 couch- or quick-grass ; culteh. 
 
 cute (kut), adj. sharp; clever. 
 
 cuticle (kut'i-kl), n. the scarf-skin; 
 the thin exterior bark of a plant. 
 
 cutify ('i-fi), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cuti- 
 fied, p.pr. cutifying], to form, or be- 
 come covered with, skin. 
 
 cutlass ('las), n. a broad cutting 
 sword. 
 
 cutler ('ler), n. one who makes or 
 sells knives or other cutting instru- 
 ments. 
 
 cutlery (-ri), n. edged or cutting in- 
 struments. 
 
 cutlet ('let), n. a slice of meat. 
 
 cutter ('er), n. one who cuts or 
 hews ; one who cuts out and shapes 
 garments ; a light sledge for two 
 persons ; a small fast-sailing vessel, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ien. 
 
cut 
 
 with one mast sloop-rigged ; a man- 
 of-war's boat. 
 
 cutting ('ing), p. adj. dividing by an 
 edged instrument ; deeply wounding 
 the feelings; sarcastic! chilling; 
 sharp : n. a piece cut off or from ; a 
 slip ; an incision. 
 
 cuttle (kut'l), n. the cuttle-fish, a 
 cephalopod with an internal shell, the 
 arms furnished with suckers, two 
 large eyes, and an ink-bag contain- 
 ing a dark fluid. 
 
 cutwater ('waw-ter), n. the fore 
 part of a ship's prow; the angular 
 edge of the pier of a bridge. 
 
 cut weed ('wed), w. a coarse marine 
 alga. 
 
 cutworm ('werm), n. a destructive 
 larval moth. 
 
 cyanate (si'an-at), n. a compound of 
 cyanic acid with a base. 
 
 cyaueous (-a'ne-us), adj. azure blue. 
 
 cyanic (-an'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 cyanogen. 
 
 cyanic acid (as'id), n. a strong acid 
 composed of cyanogen and oxygen. 
 
 cyanide ('a-nid), n. a compound of 
 cyanic acid with a metal. 
 
 cyanogen (-an'6-jen), n. a colorless 
 poisonous gas burning with a purple 
 flame, with the odor of peach blos- 
 soms. 
 
 cyanosis (-a-no'sis), n. a condition 
 of the body in which its surface be- 
 comes blue, due to the insufficient 
 aeration of the blood. 
 
 cyanotype (-an'o-tip), n. a photo- 
 graphic process in which the picture 
 is taken in Prussian blue. 
 
 cycle (si'kl), n. a revolution of a cer- 
 tain period of time, which recurs 
 again in the same order ; an imagin- 
 ary circle in the heavens ; the ag- 
 gregate of traditional or legendary 
 matter connected with a mytholog- 
 ical personage or event ; a bicycle 
 or tricycle : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cycled, 
 p.pr. cycling], to occur, or recur, in 
 cycles ; ride a bicycle or tricycle. 
 
 cyclic (sik' or sik'lik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or moving in, a cycle ; belong- 
 ing to the literary cycle of Greek 
 poets who wrote on the Trojan war 
 and its heroes. Also cyclical. 
 
 cyclist (sik'list), n. a bicyclist. 
 
 cycloid (sl'kloid), n. a geometrical 
 
 cym 
 
 curve traced out by any point of a 
 circle rolling along a straight line 
 until it has completed a revolution. 
 
 cyclometer (si-klom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for registering the revolu- 
 tions of a wheel. 
 
 cy clonal ('klo-nal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or of the nature of, a cyclone. 
 Also cyclonic. 
 
 cyclone ('klon), n. a violent storm; 
 an atmospheric movement in which 
 the wind blows spirally round to- 
 wards a center. 
 
 cyclonoscope (-klo'no-skop), ». an 
 apparatus for recording the mo- 
 tions of atmospheric currents which 
 produce cyclones. 
 
 cyclopaedia or cyclopedia (si-klo- 
 pe'di-a), abbreviation of encyclopae- 
 dia. 
 
 Cyclopean (-klo-pe'an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the Cyclops : hence huge and 
 rough ; terrific ; vast ; massive. 
 
 cyclorama (-klo-ra'ma), n. a series 
 of moving pictures extended cir- 
 cularly so as to appear in natural 
 perspective to the spectator standing 
 in the center. 
 
 cyclostyle ('klo-stil), n. an appara- 
 tus for producing manifold copies 
 by means of a small toothed wheel. 
 
 cygnet (sig'net), n. & young swan. 
 
 cylinder (sil'm-der), n. a long cir- 
 cular body, solid or hollow, of uni- 
 form diameter ; a chamber in which 
 force is exerted on the piston of a 
 steam engine ; the barrel of a pump ; 
 a hollow roller for printing ; a roller- 
 shaped stone with cuneiform in- 
 scriptions. 
 
 cylindric ('drik), adj. having the 
 form, or properties, of a cylinder. 
 Also cylindrical. 
 
 cylindricity (-dris'i-ti), n. the state 
 or character of being cylindrical. 
 
 cylindroid ('in-droid), n. a solid 
 body resembling a cylinder, but with 
 the ends elliptical: adj. having the 
 form of a cylindroid. 
 
 cymbal (sim'bal), n. one of a pair 
 of circular dish-shaped brass plates, 
 which when struck produce a clash- 
 ing sound. 
 
 cyme (sim), n. a convex or flattened 
 flower cluster. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
cyn 
 
 cynic (sin'ik), n. a morose, tsurly, or 
 sarcastic person ; one of a sect of 
 ancient Greek philosophers. 
 
 cynical ('i-kal), adj. like a cynic. 
 
 cynicism ('i-sizm), n. the temper 
 and practice of a cynic. 
 
 cynosure (si'no- or sin'6-shur), n. 
 an object of general attraction. 
 
 cypress (si'pres), n. a coniferous 
 tree, the emblem of mourning: adj. 
 belonging to, or made of, cypress. 
 
 cyprian (sip'ri-an), adj. pertaining 
 to Venus : hence wanton ; lascivious. 
 
 cyst (sist), n. a bladder; pouch, us- 
 ually membranous, containing mor- 
 bid matter. 
 
 cystic (sis'tik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 contained in, a cyst ; vesicular. 
 
 cystocele ('to-sel), n. hernia oc- 
 casioned by protrusion of the blad- 
 der. 
 
 cystoplast ("to-plast), n. a nuclear 
 and enveloping cell. 
 
 cystoscopy (-to-skop'i), n. the ex- 
 amination of the human bladder by 
 an incandescent electric lamp. 
 
 cystose ('tos), adj. full of cysts. 
 
 cysto taenia (-to-te'ni-a), n. a tape- 
 worm. 
 
 cystotome ('to-tome), n. an instru- 
 ment for operating on the bladder. 
 
 cystotomy (-tot'o-mi), n. the open- 
 
 ing of the human bladder for the 
 extraction of stone. 
 
 cytoblastema (si-to-blas-te'ma.), n. 
 the protoplasm in which animal and 
 vegetable cells are produced. 
 
 cytococcns (-kok'us), n. the nucleus 
 of a parent cell. 
 
 cytode (si'tod), n. a cell. 
 
 cytogenesis (-to-jen'e-sis), n. cell 
 formation. 
 
 cytnla (si-tu'la), n. a parent cell; an 
 impregnated ovum. 
 
 cyule (si'ule), n. a keel boat; sailing 
 vessel. 
 
 Czar (zar), or Tzar (tsar), n. the 
 title of the Russian Emperor. 
 
 czardas (zaVdas), n. a Hungarian 
 national dance. 
 
 Czarevitch (zar'e-vich), or Tsare- 
 vitch (tzar'-), n. the eldest son of 
 the Czar. Also Czarewitch, Caesare- 
 witch. 
 
 Czarevna (za-rev'na), or Tzarevna 
 (tza-), n. a Russian princess (im- 
 perial) : applied to the wife of the 
 Czarevitch. 
 
 Czarina (za-re'na), or Tsarina 
 (tsa-), n. an empress of Russia; 
 the wife of the Czar. 
 
 Czech (chek), n. a member of the 
 most westerly branches, of the Sla- 
 vonic family, including Bohemians, 
 Moravians, and Slovaks. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
dab (dab), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dabbed, 
 p.pr. dabbing], to strike or touch 
 lightly : n. a small soft lump ; a 
 gentle blow ; a salt-water flounder ; 
 an expert : pi. refuse foots : adj. 
 clever ; handy. 
 
 dabber (dab'er), n. an inking-ball 
 used by printers and engravers. 
 
 dabbing ('ing), n. the process of in- 
 denting the surface of a stone by a 
 pick-shaped tool. 
 
 dabble (dab'l), v.t. to dip slightly and 
 often ; moisten ; spatter : v.i. to play 
 in water ; do anything in a superfi- 
 cial manner. 
 
 dab chick ('chik), n. an unfledged 
 bird ; a small grebe. 
 
 dabster ('ster), n. an expert. 
 
 dace (das), n. a small fresh-water fish 
 resembling the roach. 
 
 dachshund (daks'hoont), n. the Ger- 
 man badger-dog. 
 
 dactyl (dak'til), n. a poetical foot 
 of three syllables, one long and two 
 short (" " ~). 
 
 dactylic (-til'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 the dactyl. 
 
 dactyliography (-i-og'ra-fi), the art 
 of engraving on gems. 
 
 dactylology (-ol'o-ji), n. the art of 
 communicating ideas with the fin- 
 gers. 
 
 dad (dad) , n. a child name for father. 
 Also daddy. 
 
 daddle (dad'l), v.t. to walk unstead- 
 ily like a child ; waddle ; trifle. 
 
 daddy-long-legs ('i-long-legs), n. 
 a name for various kinds of crane- 
 fly. 
 
 dado (da'do), 11. the solid block form- 
 ing the body of a pedestal ; an 
 ornamental border around the lower 
 
 part of the wall of a room, &c. : v.t. 
 to ornament with a dado. 
 
 daffodil (daf'o-dil), n. the narcissus. 
 
 daft (daft), adj. simple; silly. 
 
 dagger (dag'er), n. a short edged 
 and pointed weapon, used for stab- 
 bing ; a reference mark in printing 
 
 dago (da'go), n. [pi. dagos ('goz)], 
 a nickname for a dark-complexioned 
 person, especially of Spanish, Portu- 
 guese, or Italian descent ; a sailor's 
 name for a person speaking Portu- 
 guese or Spanish. 
 
 daguerreotype (da-ger'o-tip), n. a 
 picture produced on a silvered plate. 
 
 dahlia (dal'ya), n. [pi. dahlias 
 ('yaz)], a composite plant, with 
 large bright-colored flowers. 
 
 daily (da'li), n. [pi. dailies ('liz)], 
 a newspaper or periodical published 
 each week-day : adj. occurring or 
 recurring each successive day ; diur- 
 nal : adv. day by day. 
 
 daintiness (-nes), n. the quality of 
 being dainty. 
 
 dainty (dan'ti), n. [pi. dainties 
 ('tiz)], something choice or deli- 
 cious : adj. refined as regards taste ; 
 fastidious ; delicious ; elegant ; sen- 
 sitive ; choice. 
 
 dairy (da'ri), n. [pl. t dairies ('riz)l, 
 a place where milk is kept and con- 
 verted into butter and cheese, &c. ; 
 the shop where dairy produce is 
 sold. 
 
 dairy-produce ('pro'dus), n. milk, 
 cream, butter, cheese, eggs. 
 
 dairying (-ing), n. the business or 
 occupation of a dairy farmer. 
 
 dais (da/is), n. a raised platform. 
 
 daisied (da/zid), adj. full of, or 
 adorned with, daisies. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dai 
 
 dan 
 
 daisy (da'zi), n. [pi. daisies ('ziz)], 
 a low composite herb with a yellow 
 disk, and white or rose-colored rays. 
 
 dale (dal), n. a vale; glen. 
 
 dalliance (dal'i-ans), n. the act of 
 dallying. 
 
 dally (dal'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dallied, 
 p.pr. dallying] , to trifle away time ; 
 loiter ; procrastinate ; exchange ca- 
 resses. 
 
 daltonism (dawl'tun-izm), n. color- 
 blindness. 
 
 dam (dam), n. a barrier across a 
 watercourse ; any artificial contri- 
 vance to stop the flow of water or a 
 gas ; a female parent : said of 
 beasts : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dammed, 
 p.pr. damming], to confine, or raise 
 the level of, by a dam ; restrain 
 (usual with in or up). 
 
 damage ('aj), n. injury or harm; 
 harm willfully done to a person's 
 character, person, or estate : pi. 
 money recovered for loss suffered : 
 v.t. to injure : v.i. to receive injury. 
 
 damask ('ask), n. a rich silk fabric 
 woven with elaborate patterns ; a 
 fine twilled table-linen ; a fabric of 
 silk and wool, silk and cotton, &c, 
 with a flowered or variegated de- 
 sign ; Damascus steel or work ; deep 
 pink : adj. pertaining to, or made of, 
 damask : v.t. to work flowers upon ; 
 ornament (metals) with wavy, sil- 
 very devices. 
 
 damaskeen (-as-ken'), v.t. to apply 
 decorative metallic designs to (a sur- 
 face of steel, &c). 
 
 damasse ( da-ma-sa' ) , adj. woven 
 with a rich pattern to imitate dam- 
 ask ; decorated with white on a 
 white ground : said of porcelain. 
 
 dame (dam), n. a title formerly used 
 instead of mistress, written Mrs. ; 
 the mistress of an elementary school ; 
 an elderly woman. 
 
 damn (dam), v.t. to sentence to pun- 
 ishment judicially ; consign to a cer- 
 tain fate ; condemn as bad or as a 
 failure ; to invoke a malediction 
 upon : v.i. curse inwardly : n. a curse. 
 
 damnation (-na'shun), n. the state 
 of being damned ; ruination by ad- 
 verse criticism ; punishment in a 
 future state. 
 
 damnatory ('na-to-ri), adj. assign- 
 
 ing to, or containing a threat of, 
 damnation. 
 
 damned (damd), p.adj. condemned 
 to perdition ; execrably bad ; used 
 sometimes adverbially as an inten- 
 sive [printed d — -d], 
 
 damnify (dam'ni-fi), v.t. [p.t.& p.p. 
 damnified, p.pr. damnifying], to 
 cause loss or damage to. 
 
 damnum ('num), n. loss or damage 
 capable of assessment by a jury. 
 
 damosel ('o-zel), n. formerly a dam- 
 sel, or the wife of a squire. 
 
 damp (damp), n. moisture; fog; 
 humid exhalation : adj. moist ; fog- 
 gy ; humid ; dejected : v.t. to mois- 
 ten ; discourage ; depress ; diminish 
 the vibrations of. 
 
 damper ('er), n. something which 
 depresses or discourages ; a contri- 
 vance for deadening the vibrations 
 of a musical instrument. 
 
 dampness ('nes), n. humidity; 
 moisture. 
 
 damsel ('zel), n. a maiden. 
 
 damson (dam'zn), n. a small purple 
 oval-shaped plum. 
 
 dance (dans), v.i. to move with 
 measured steps or to a musical ac- 
 companiment ; perform the figures 
 of a dance ; move nimbly, or merri- 
 ly ; exult : v.t. to give a dancing 
 motion to ; perform as a dancer : n. 
 a regulated movement of the feet to 
 a rhythmical musical accompani- 
 ment ; a dancing party, less formal 
 than a ball. 
 
 dandelion (dan'de-li-un), n. a bien- 
 nial composite plant with large yel- 
 low flowers and deeply notched 
 leaves. 
 
 dander ('der), n. dandruff; anger. 
 
 dandle (dan'dl), v.t. to move up and 
 down on the knee or in the arms in 
 affectionate play ; fondle. 
 
 dandruff ('druf), n. scurf on the 
 scalp. 
 
 dandy (Mi), n. [pi. dandies ('diz)l, 
 a fop ; coxcomb ; something very 
 neat and trim. 
 
 dandyism (-izm), n. foppishness. 
 
 danger ('jer), n. hazard; peril. 
 
 dangerous (-us), adj. involving, or 
 beset with, danger; ready to do 
 harm or injury ; perilous ; hazard- 
 ous. ' 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dan 
 
 dangle (dang'gl), v.i. to hang or 
 swing loosely ; follow : v.t. to cause 
 to dangle. 
 
 dank (dangk), adj. humid; damp: 
 
 danseuse (dang-sez'), n. a female 
 professional dancer ; a ballet-dancer. 
 
 dapper (dap'er), adj. small and ac- 
 tive ; trim and neat in appearance. 
 
 dapple (dap'l), adj. spotted; varie- 
 gated : v.t. to variegate with spots. 
 
 dare (dar), v.i. [p.t. dared, durst, p.p. 
 dared, p.pr. daring], to have cour- 
 age ; attempt ; venture : v.t. to defy ; 
 challenge. 
 
 dare-devil ('dev-1), adj. characteris- 
 tic of a reckless man : n. a reckless 
 fellow. 
 
 daring (dar'ing), n. intrepidity: adj. 
 fearless ; bold ; intrepid. 
 
 dark (dark), adj. destitute of light; 
 not reflecting light ; wholly black or 
 grey ; producing gloom ; unenlight- 
 ened, mentally or physically ; ob- 
 scure ; untried ; of a brunette com- 
 plexion : n. darkness. 
 
 dark ages (a'jez), n.pl. the mediaeval 
 period. 
 
 darken ('en), v.t. to make dark; ob- 
 scure ; render unintelligible : v.i. to 
 become dark. 
 
 darkening (-ing) , n. twilight ; gloam- 
 ing. 
 
 darkish ('ish), adj. somewhat dark. 
 
 darkling ('ling), adj. dimly seen. 
 
 darkly ('li), adv. with imperfect 
 light ; not clearly ; mysteriously. 
 
 darkness ('nes), n. absence of light, 
 partial or total ; physical or moral 
 blindness; obscurity; gloom; wick- 
 edness. 
 
 darksome ('sum), adj. gloomy. 
 
 darky ('i), n. [pi. darkies ('iz)], a 
 negro. 
 
 darling (dar'ling), n. a favorite; 
 pet: adj. tenderly beloved; very 
 dear. 
 
 darn (darn), v.t. to mend (a rent) 
 by filling in the hole with yarn or 
 thread by means of a needle : n. a 
 patch made by darning. 
 
 darnel ('nel), the popular name of a 
 grass, Lolium tremulentum, formerly 
 supposed to be poisonous. 
 
 dart (dart), n. a small lance or 
 spear ; a kind of eel-spear ; the ar- 
 row of a blow-gun ; a swift, sudden 
 
 movement ; the dace : v.t. throw ; 
 give out or send forth : v.i. move 
 swiftly; start suddenly and run 
 quickly. 
 
 Darwinian (dar-win'i-an), adj. per- 
 taining to Chas. Darwin, the natu- 
 ralist (1809-1882), or Darwinism: 
 n. an evolutionist. 
 
 Darwinism ('izm), n. the theory of 
 natural selection advocated by Dar- 
 win. 
 
 dash (dash), v.t. to throw violently 
 or hastily ; break by collision ; hurlj 
 shatter ; suffuse ; depress ; confuse ; 
 mingle ; sketch rapidly : v.i. to rush 
 with violence ; fly off the surface 
 with a violent noisy motion : n. a. 
 collision ; a slight addition ; ostenta- 
 tious parade ; a mark ( — ) in writ- 
 ing or printing. 
 
 dash-board (-bord), n. a splash- 
 board ; a paddle-wheel float. 
 
 dastard (das'tard), n. a coward: 
 adj. meanly shrinking from danger ; 
 cowardly. 
 
 dastardliness (-li-nes), n. mean ti- 
 midity. 
 
 dastardly (-li), adv. cowardly. 
 
 data, pi. of datum (q.v.). 
 
 date (dat), n. the time of an epoch 
 or transaction ; the inscription which 
 specifies when a writing or inscrip- 
 tion was executed ; duration ; the 
 edible oval fruit of the date-palm: 
 v.t. to mark with a date : v.i. to have 
 a date ; reckon. 
 
 date-tree (-tre), n. a species of 
 palm. 
 
 dative (da'tiv), adj. denoting the case 
 of a noun, pronoun, or adjective 
 which expresses the remoter object : 
 usually indicated in English by to or 
 for with the objective case : n. the 
 dative case. 
 
 datum ('turn), n. [pi. data ('ta)l, 
 something assumed, known, or con- 
 ceded for the basis of an argument 
 or inference [usually in pi.]. 
 
 daub (dawb), v.t. to cover or smear 
 with adhesive matter ; paint coarse- 
 ly or unskilfully ; plaster ; flatter 
 grossly : n. a coarse or rudely-exe- 
 cuted painting; a smear; a cheap 
 kind of mortar. 
 
 daubing ('ing), n. a coarse painting; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dan 
 
 dea 
 
 the application of rough mortar to 
 a wall to imitate stone. 
 
 dauby ('i), adj. viscous, sticky; like 
 a daub. 
 
 daughter (daw'ter), n. the female 
 offspring of a man or woman ; a fe- 
 male in a childlike relation; some- 
 thing conceived as feminine. 
 
 daughter-in-law (-in-law), n. a 
 son's wife. 
 
 daunt (dant), v.t. to intimidate; dis- 
 hearten. 
 
 dauntless ('les), adj. fearless. 
 
 dauphin (daw'fin), n. the title of the 
 eldest son of the King of France 
 from 1349 to 1830. 
 
 davenport (dav'en-port), n. a kind 
 of small writing-desk or -table. 
 
 davit (dav'it), n. one of a pair of 
 f-shaped uprights projecting over 
 the side of a vessel for suspending 
 or lowering a boat. 
 
 davy (da'vi), n. [pi. davies ('viz)], a 
 miner's safety-lamp surrounded by 
 fine gauze wire, invented by Sir H. 
 Davy, as a protection against fire- 
 damp. 
 
 Davy Jones (jonz), n. a humorous 
 name for the spirit of the sea ; a sea- 
 devil. 
 
 daw (daw), n. a bird of the crow 
 family ; a jackdaw. 
 
 dawdle (daw'dl), v.i. to waste time 
 in a trifling manner ; loiter : n. a 
 dawdler. 
 
 dawn (dawn), v.i. to begin to grow 
 light ; glimmer ; break as the day : n. 
 the first appearance of light in the 
 morning ; beginning. 
 
 dawning ('ing), n. daybreak; begin- 
 ning. 
 
 day (da), n. the period of light be- 
 tween sunrise and sunset ; daylight ; 
 sunshine ; the space of twenty-four 
 hours, reckoning from midnight to 
 midnight (the civil day), or from 
 noon to noon (the astronomical 
 day) ; in the East, a distance that 
 can be traveled in 24 hours ; a spec- 
 ified time or period. 
 
 daybook ('book), n. a book in which 
 the transactions of the day are en- 
 tered in the order of their occur- 
 rence. 
 
 daybreak ('brak), n. the dawn. 
 
 daydream (Mrem), n. a visionary 
 fancy. 
 
 days of grace (gras), n.pl. the cus- 
 tomary period (three days) allowed 
 for the payment of a bill of ex- 
 change after it becomes due. 
 
 daysman (daz'man), n. [pi. daysmen 
 ('men)], an umpire; a mediator. 
 
 day spring ('spring), n. the dawn 
 (Luke i. 78). 
 
 daze (daz), v.t. to dazzle : n. the state 
 of being dazed. 
 
 dazzle (daz'l), v.t. to overpower by a 
 glare of light ; dim by excess of 
 light ; overpower by splendor : v.i. to 
 be overpowered by light : n. excess 
 of light. 
 
 deacon (de'kn), n. the lowest order 
 of the clergy in the Anglican 
 Church ; in non-episcopal churches, 
 a layman appointed to assist the 
 minister and manage the temporal 
 affairs of a church. 
 
 dead (ded), adj. destitute of life; in- 
 animate ; resembling death ; inac- 
 tive ; unprofitable ; monotonous ; 
 tasteless ; unerring ; without reli- 
 gious vitality ; flat ; not transmitting 
 a current ; deprived of civil rights ; 
 out of the game or play : n. dead 
 persons individually or collectively ; 
 the point or degree of greatest life- 
 lessness : adv. absolutely ; exactly. 
 
 dead-beat ('bet), adj. making suc- 
 cessive movements with intervals of 
 rest and no recoil ; thoroughly ex- 
 hausted : n. a dead-beat escapement. 
 
 dead-center (-sen'ter), n. that posi- 
 tion of a crank in which the crank- 
 axle, crank-pin, and the connecting 
 rod are all in a straight line. 
 
 dead-coloring (-kul'er-ing), n. the 
 first broad outlines of a picture. 
 
 deaden (ded'n), v.t. to diminish the 
 acuteness, intensity, or vigor of; re- 
 tard ; blunt ; render non-conductive ; 
 make insipid or stale ; deprive of 
 gloss or brilliancy; kill (trees) by 
 girdling. 
 
 deadeye (ded'i), n. a round, flat block 
 of wood encircled with an iron band 
 and pierced with three holes to "re- 
 ceive lanyards : used for setting up 
 rigging. 
 
 deadhead ('hed), n. a person who 
 has a free pass on railways or to 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dea 
 
 places of amusement, &c. ; a wooden 
 buoy : v.t. to furnish free admission 
 to : v.t. to travel or gain admission 
 without payment. 
 
 dead letter (let'er), n. an unclaimed 
 letter, the owner for which cannot 
 be found ; that which has lost its 
 authority. 
 
 dead-lift ('lift), n. a heavy weight; 
 the last extremity. 
 
 dead-lights ('lits), n.pl. strong 
 wooden shutters placed over the 
 cabin windows in stormy weather. 
 
 deadliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
 being deadly. 
 
 dead-load ('lod), n. a constant mo- 
 tionless load. 
 
 deadlock ('lok), n. a lock worked on 
 one side by a handle, and on the 
 other side by a key ; a situation in 
 which progress is impossible. 
 
 deadly ('li), adj. causing death; de- 
 structive ; fatal ; implacable : adv. 
 implacably. 
 
 dead-neap ('nep),w. the lowest stage 
 of the tide. 
 
 deadness ('nes), n. absence of life; 
 inactivity. 
 
 dead-reckoning (-rek'un-ing), n.the 
 calculation of a ship's place at sea 
 by the log and the compass courses, 
 allowing for drift, leeway, &c. 
 
 dead-set ('set), n. the fixed position 
 of a dog in pointing game ; a deter- 
 mined effort or attack : adj. deter- 
 mined to do something. 
 
 dead-water (-waw'ter), n. the water' 
 that closes in under the stern of a 
 ship ; eddy-water. 
 
 dead- weight ('wat), n. the weight 
 of the vehicle in addition to the load 
 to be carried; freight charged for by 
 weight instead of by bulk ; the heav- 
 iest part of a ship's cargo. 
 
 dead-wind ('wind), n. a wind blow- 
 ing directly opposite to a ship's 
 course. 
 
 dead- work ('werk), n. work at first 
 unprofitable, but which leads the 
 way to profitable production, as in 
 opening a mine. 
 
 deaf (def), adj. deprived of hearing; 
 unwilling to hear or pay regard to. 
 
 deafen {def'n), v.t. to make deaf; 
 render impervious to sound. 
 
 dea 
 
 deafening (-ing), p.adj. making im- 
 pervious to sound : n. material em- 
 ployed to deaden a floor or wall. 
 
 deafness ('nes), n. the state of being 
 deaf. 
 
 deal (del), n. an indefinite quantity, 
 degree, or extent ; a division of cards 
 to the players ; a mercantile com- 
 bination ; the wood of the fir or pine 
 tree cut into boards or planks : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. dealt; p.pr. dealing], to 
 distribute, apportion, or divide ; 
 throw about ; scatter : v.i. to have 
 business ; make a private arrange- 
 ment. 
 
 dealer ('er), n. one who deals; a 
 trader. 
 
 dealing ('ing), n. conduct towards 
 others ; business intercourse ; traffic 
 [frequently pi.]. 
 
 dealt, p.t. of deal. 
 
 dean ( den ) , n. the presiding ecclesias- 
 tical dignitary in cathedral and col- 
 legiate churches ; the president of a 
 faculty in a college ; the oldest mem- 
 ber, by reason of service, in a consti- 
 tuted body of which he acts as pres- 
 ident. 
 
 dean and chapter (chap'ter), the 
 governing body of a cathedral, com- 
 prising the dean, canons, or preben- 
 daries. 
 
 deanery (den'er-i), n. [pi. deaneries 
 (-iz) ], the office, jurisdiction, or res- 
 idence of a dean. 
 
 dear (der), adj. expensive; costly; 
 marked by scarcity or dearth ; be- 
 loved ; highly esteemed ; precious : n. 
 a darling ; favorite : adv. at a high 
 price or rate : inter j. expressing sur- 
 prise, pity, or emotion. 
 
 dearly ('li), adv. with great affec- 
 tion ; at a high price or rate. 
 
 dearness ('nes), n. affection; high 
 price ; dearth. 
 
 dearth (derth), n. want; scarcity; 
 famine. 
 
 deary (der'i), n. a darling. Also 
 dearie. 
 
 death (deth), n. extinction of life or 
 feeling ; the state of the dead ; a 
 general mortality ; decay ; destruc- 
 tion ; spiritual ruin after physical 
 death (Rom. viii. 6). 
 
 death-bell ('bel), n. a passing bell. 
 
 death-point ('point), n. the degree 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dea 
 
 dec 
 
 of heat or cold which destroys an 
 animal organism. 
 
 death-rate ('rat), n. the percentage 
 of deaths, usually reckoned at per 
 thousand, among the population of 
 a country, city, &c, for a given 
 period. 
 
 death's-head (s'hed), n. a skull, or 
 representation of a skull, emblematic 
 
 - of death. 
 
 death-watch ('woch), n. a vigil be- 
 side the dying person ; a guard set 
 over a criminal prior to his execu- 
 tion ; a small beetle which makes a 
 ticking sound, superstitiously sup- 
 posed to forebode death. 
 
 deathless ('les), adj. immortal. 
 
 deathly ('li), adj. mortal; fatal. 
 
 debacle (de-bak'l), n. the breaking 
 up of ice on a river ; a stampede ; a 
 violent flood carrying with it debris 
 in great masses. 
 
 debar (de-bar'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
 barred, p.pr. debarring], to shut 
 out ; exclude ; hinder from approach, 
 enjoyment, or action ; preclude [with 
 from]. 
 
 debark (de-bark'), v.i. to disembark. 
 
 debarkation (-bar-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of disembarking. 
 
 debase (de-bas'), v.t. to reduce from 
 a higher to a lower state ; lower in 
 character, virtue, purity, or quality. 
 
 debasement ('ment), n. act of de- 
 basing. 
 
 debatable ( de-ba'ta-bl ) , adj. admit- 
 ting of question or debate. 
 
 debate ( de-bat'), v.t. to contend for 
 in words or arguments ; meditate 
 upon ; deliberate together : v.i. to ar- 
 gue or discuss a point ; reflect : n. 
 contention in words or argument ; 
 controversy ; discussion. 
 
 debauch (de-bawch'), v.t. to cor- 
 rupt in morals or principles ; se- 
 duce ; pollute ; vitiate : v.i. to engage 
 in debauchery or riot : n. excess in 
 eating and drinkingj lewdness. 
 
 debauchee (deb'o-she), n. a drunk- 
 ard. 
 
 debauchery (de-baw'cher-i), n. [pi. 
 debaucheries (-iz)], excessive intem- 
 perance; seduction from purity or 
 virtue ; corruption of fidelity. 
 
 debenture (de-ben'tur, n. a written 
 acknowledgment of a debt. 
 
 debilitant (de-bil'i-tant), adj. weak- 
 ening. 
 
 debilitate ('i-tat), v.t. to enfeeble; 
 enervate. 
 
 debilitation (-i-ta'shun), n. enerva- 
 tion. 
 
 debility (-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. debilities 
 (-tiz)], abnormal functional weak- 
 ness ; languor. 
 
 debit (deb'it), n. that which is ow- 
 ing, entered on the debtor side of a 
 ledger : opposed to credit : adj. re- 
 lating to debts : v.t. to charge with 
 debt ; enter on the debtor's side of 
 an account. 
 
 debonair (deb-o-nar'), adj. of gentle 
 manners or breeding ; elegant. 
 
 debouch (de-boosh'), v.i. to march 
 out of a confined space into open 
 ground. 
 
 debouche (da-boo-sha'), an opening; 
 a market for goods ; an opening in 
 military works for troops. 
 
 debris (da-bre'), n. fragments; bro- 
 ken rubbish ; loose pieces of rock, 
 &c, at the base of a mountain. 
 
 debt (det) n. that which is due from 
 one person to another ; obligation ; 
 trespass. 
 
 debtor ('er), n. one who owes some- 
 thing to another ; one who is in debt. 
 
 debut (da-boo'), n. a first appearance 
 in society, or before the public. 
 
 debutant (-boo-tang'), n. one who 
 makes a debut : fern, debutante. 
 
 decade (dek'ad), n. a group of ten; 
 ten consecutive years. Also decad. 
 
 decadence (de-ka'dens), n. a state of 
 decay. Also decadency. 
 
 decadent ('dent), adj. deteriorating. 
 
 decagon (dek'a-gon), n. plain figure 
 having ten sides and ten angles. 
 
 decagonal (-ag'o-nal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a decagon. 
 
 decagramme ('a-gram), n. a weight 
 of ten grammes. Also decagram. 
 
 decahedron (-he'dron), n. [pi. deca- 
 hedra ('dra)], a solid bounded by 
 ten plane faces. 
 
 decaliter ('a-le-tr), n. a measure of 
 capacity containing 10 liters = 2 
 1-5 imperial gallons. 
 
 decalogue ('a-log), n. the ten com- 
 mandments (Ex. xx.) ; the moral 
 law. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, tfften. 
 
dec 
 
 dec 
 
 decameter ('a-me-tr), n. a measure 
 of length of 10 meters = 32.8 feet. 
 
 decamp (de-kamp'), v.i. to depart 
 speedily ; go away secretly or un- 
 ceremoniously. 
 
 decant (de-kant'), v.t. to pour off 
 gently. 
 
 decanter ('er), n. an ornamental 
 glass bottle for holding wines, &c. 
 
 decapitate (de-kap'i-tat), v.t. to be- 
 head. 
 
 decapitation (-i-ta'shun), n. behead- 
 ing. 
 
 decapod (dek'a-pod), adj. having ten 
 feet or ten arms : n. a ten-footed 
 crustacean, or ten-armed cephalopod. 
 
 Decapoda (de-kap'o-da), n.pl. the or- 
 der of Crustacea which includes 
 those having ten feet, as lobsters, 
 crabs, shrimps, &c, and cephalopods 
 with ten arms. 
 
 decarbonate (de-kar'bon-at), v.t. to 
 deprive of carbon. Also decarbon- 
 ize (-ize). 
 
 decare (dek-ar'), a superficial meas- 
 ure of 1,000 sq. meters = % acre 
 (nearly). 
 
 decastere ('a-ster), n. a solid meas- 
 ure, ten times a cubic meter = 13 
 cubic yards (nearly). 
 
 decay (de-ka'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
 cayed, p.pr. decaying], to become 
 impaired ; rot ; decline or fall : n. 
 deterioration ; decline ; rottenness ; 
 corruption. 
 
 decease (de-ses'), v.i. to die: n. 
 death. 
 
 deceit (de-set'), n. deception; false- 
 hood. 
 
 deceitful ('fool), adj. full of deceit. 
 
 deceitfully (-li), adv. in a deceitful 
 manner. 
 
 deceitfulness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being deceitful. 
 
 deceivable (-sev'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being, or liable to be, deceived. 
 
 deceive (-sev'). v.t. to mislead or 
 cause to err ; delude ; impose upon ; 
 disappoint. 
 
 December (de-sem'ber) ,n.the twelfth 
 month of the year. 
 
 decemvir ('ver), n. [pi. decemviri 
 ('vi-rl)L one of ten Roman magis- 
 trates, especially one of those who 
 possessed absolute authority in an- 
 
 cient Rome (451-449 B. a), and ed- 
 ited the laws known as the Twelve 
 Tables. 
 
 decemviral ('vi-ral), adj. pertaining 
 to the decemviri. 
 
 decemvirate (-rat), n. a body of ten 
 men in authority ; their office, or 
 term of office. 
 
 decency (de'sen-si), n. [pi. decencies 
 (-siz) ], the state of being decent, or 
 modest. 
 
 decennial ('i-al), adj. lasting for or 
 occurring every ten years. 
 
 decent ('sent), adj. decorous; becom- 
 ing ; respectable ; modest ; passable. 
 
 deception (-sep'shun), n. the act of 
 deceiving ; the state of being de- 
 ceived ; fraud. 
 
 deceptive ('tiv), adj. tending to de- 
 ceive. 
 
 declare (des-i-ar'), n. a unit of super- 
 ficial measurement, the tenth part 
 of an are, = 107.6 square feet. 
 
 decidable ( de-sld'a-bl ) , adj. capable 
 of being decided. 
 
 decide (de-sid'), v.t. to bring to an 
 issue or conclusion ; fix the end of ; 
 resolve : v.i. to give a judgment or 
 decision ; arbitrate. 
 
 decided ('ed), adj. free from ambi- 
 guity ; determined ; unquestionable ; 
 resolute. 
 
 deciduous (-sid'u-us), adj. falling off 
 at maturity, or in season ; shed peri- 
 odically. 
 
 decigramme (des'i-gram), n. a met- 
 ric weight, l-10th of a gramme = 
 1.54 grains troy (nearly). Also 
 decigram. 
 
 deciliter ('i-le-tr), n. sl measure of 
 capacity, l-10th of a liter = 3.52 
 fluid ounces. 
 
 decillion (de-sil'yun), n. in France 
 and the United States a unit fol- 
 lowed by 33 ciphers ; in England a 
 unit followed by 60 ciphers. 
 
 decilux (des'i-luks), n. l-10th of a 
 lux. 
 
 decimal ('i-mal), adj. pertaining to, 
 or based upon, the number 10 : n. a 
 decimal fraction. 
 
 decimal place (plas), n. the place of 
 a figure after the decimal point. 
 
 decimal point (point), n. a dot sep- 
 arating a decimal fraction from a 
 whole number, also indicating when 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dec 
 
 dee 
 
 standing alone its fractional charac- 
 ter. 
 
 decimal system (sis'tem), n. a sys- 
 tem of reckoning or measuring by 
 10, or powers of 10. 
 
 decimally (-li), adv. by tens. 
 
 decimate (des'i-mat), v.t. to select 
 by lot and put to death, or punish, 
 every tenth man; destroy a large 
 proportion of. 
 
 decimation (-ma'shun), n. the act 
 of decimating ; destruction on a large 
 scale. 
 
 decimeter ('i-me-tr), n. a measure 
 of length, l-10th of a meter = 3.937 
 inches. 
 
 decipher (de-si'fer), v.t. to read (se- 
 cret writing) ; discover or make out 
 the meaning of ; solve ; unravel. 
 
 decision (-sizh'un), n. the act of de- 
 ciding ; determination ; judgment ; 
 settlement. 
 
 decisive (-si'siv), adj. final; conclu- 
 sive. 
 
 decistere (des-i-star'), n. a cubic 
 measure, l-10th of a stere = 3.532 
 cubic feet. 
 
 deck (dek), v.t. to array in finery or 
 ornaments ; adorn ; to furnish with 
 a deck : n. the plank flooring of a 
 ship. 
 
 decker ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, decks ; a ship having decks. 
 
 deckle-edged (dek'1-ejd), adj. hav- 
 ing the edges rough and uncut ; said 
 of books. 
 
 declaim (de-klam'), v.t. to speak in 
 a rhetorical style ; speak as an exer- 
 cise in elocution ; harangue. 
 
 declamation (dek-la-ma'shun), n. the 
 art of declaiming according to rhe- 
 torical rules ; impassioned oratory ; 
 distinct and correct enunciation of 
 words in vocal music. 
 
 declamatory (de-klam'a-to-ri), adj. 
 pertaining to, or characterized by, 
 reclamation ; noisy in style ; appeal- 
 ing to the passions. 
 
 declaration (dek-la-ra'shun), n. the 
 act of declaring or proclaiming ; that 
 which is declared ; an assertion ; 
 publication ; a statement reduced to 
 writing. 
 
 declarative (de-klar'a-tiv), adj. ex- 
 planatory. 
 
 declaratory ('a-to-ri), adj. affirma- 
 tive. 
 
 declare (de-klar'), v.t. to make 
 known ; tell openly or publicly ; pro- 
 claim formally ; publish ; make a sol- 
 emn affirmation before witnesses ; 
 make a full statement as to goods, 
 &c. : v.i. to make a declaration ; 
 avow [with for or against]. 
 
 declension (-klen'shun), n. decline; 
 a falling off, or away ; deterioration ; 
 the inflection of nouns, pronouns, 
 and adjectives. 
 
 declinable ( -klin'a-bl ) , adj. capable 
 of being declined. 
 
 declinal ('al), adj. sloping down- 
 wards. 
 
 declinate (dek'li-nat), adj. curved 
 downwards. 
 
 declination ( dek-li-na'shun ) , n. the 
 act or state of bending, or moving, 
 downwards ; oblique variation from 
 some definite direction ; deteriora- 
 tion ; decay ; the angular distance of 
 a heavenly body N. or S. of the 
 equator ; non-acceptance. 
 
 declinator ( 'li-na-ter ) , n. an instru- 
 ment for determinating the declina- 
 tion and inclination of a plane. 
 
 decline (de-klln'), v.i. to incline from 
 a right line ; bend or lean down- 
 wards ; droop ; draw to a close ; be- 
 come weak ; deviate from rectitude : 
 v.t. to refuse ; bend downwards ; de- 
 press ; inflect : n. diminution ; de- 
 cay ; deterioration ; consumption. 
 
 declinograph ('6-graf), n. an auto- 
 matic registering instrument for re- 
 cording astronomical declinations. 
 
 declinometer (dek-li-nom'e-ter), n. 
 an instrument for measuring the 
 declination of the magnetic needle. 
 
 declivitous (de-kliv'i-tus), adj. mod- 
 erately steep. 
 
 declivity (-kliv'i-ti), n. [pi. declivi- 
 ties (-tiz)], a gradual descent; de- 
 viation from a horizontal line : op- 
 posed to acclivity. 
 
 decoct (de-kokt'), v.t. the act of boil- 
 ing anything to extract its essence. 
 
 decoction (-kok'shun), n. an extract 
 obtained by boiling or digesting in 
 hot water. 
 
 decollate (-kol'at), v.t. to behead. 
 
 decollation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
 beheading. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dec 
 
 ded 
 
 decollete (da-kol-e-ta/), adj. cut low 
 
 in the neck so as to expose the neck 
 and shoulders : said of a dress. De- 
 colletee, fern, wearing a low-necked 
 dress. 
 
 decomposable ( de-coin-poz'a-bl ) , adj. 
 capable of being decomposed. 
 
 decompose (de-koni-poz'), v.t. to re- 
 solve into constituent elements ; 
 cause to decay or rot : v.i. to become 
 decomposed ; putrefy. 
 
 decomposite (-poz'It), adj. com- 
 pounded a second time. 
 
 decomposition (-po-zish'un), n. the 
 act of resolving into constituent ele- 
 ments ; analysis ; disintegration. 
 
 decompound (-pound'), v.t. to com- 
 pound things already compounded : 
 adj. compounded more than once. 
 
 decorate (dek'o-rat), v.t. to orna- 
 ment, embellish, adorn, or beautify ; 
 confer a badge of honor upon ; grace. 
 
 decoration (-ra'shun), n. the art of 
 decorating; an ornament or embel- 
 lishment ; a badge of honor. 
 
 Decoration Day (da), n. the day 
 (May 30) on which the graves of 
 those who fell in the Civil War 
 (1861-65) are decorated. Also Me- 
 morial Day. 
 
 decorative ('o-ra-tiv), adj. tending 
 to decoration. 
 
 decorator (-ter), n. one who deco- 
 rates ; an artist or artisan who deco- 
 rates rooms, &c. 
 
 decorous (de-ko' or dek'er-us), adj. 
 marked by propriety ; decent ; fit ; 
 proper. 
 
 decorticate (de-kor'ti-kat), v.t. to 
 remove the bark, husk, or peel from. 
 
 decorum (de-ko'rum), n. propriety 
 and decency of words, dress, and 
 conduct. 
 
 decostate (-kos'tat), adj. without 
 ribs. 
 
 decoy (de-koi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
 coyed, p.pr. decoying], to lead or al- 
 lure into danger by artifice : v.i. to 
 be allured by means of a decoy : n. 
 a deceptive stratagem ; a lure ; a 
 piece of enclosed water into which 
 wild fowl are decoyed. 
 
 decoy-duck (-duk), n. a tame, or 
 imitation, duck used to allure wild 
 fowl : hence a person who entraps 
 others. 
 
 decrease (de-kres'), v.i. to become 
 less ; diminish ; abate ; wane ; fail : 
 v.t. to cause to grow less ; reduce 
 gradually in size or extent ; dwindle : 
 n. gradual diminution, or decay ; the 
 amount or degree of lessening ; the 
 wane of the moon. 
 
 decree (de-kre'), n. an ordinance, 
 law, or edict ; a judicial decision ; 
 the award of an umpire or arbitra- 
 tor ; the predetermined purpose of 
 God : v.t. to determine by a decree ; 
 ordain ; constitute by edict ; assign : 
 v.i. to make a decree ; determine. 
 
 decrement (dek're-ment), n. diminu- 
 tion. 
 
 decrepit (de-krep'it), adj. enfeebled 
 by age, or infirmity ; wasted ; worn 
 out. 
 
 decrepitate ('i-tat), v.t. to calcine 
 (as salt) in a strong heat, causing a 
 crackling sound. 
 
 decrepitude ('i-tud), n. physical in- 
 firmity caused by old age. 
 
 decrescent (-kres'ent), adj. growing 
 less. 
 
 decretal (-kre'tal), n. a papal de- 
 cree ; a book of edicts. 
 
 decretive ('tiv), adj. having the au- 
 thority of a decree. 
 
 decretory (dek're-to-ri), adj. judi- 
 cial ; settled. 
 
 decrial (de-kri'al), n. clamorous cen- 
 sure. 
 
 decrier ('er), n. one who censures. 
 
 decry (de-krl'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
 cried, p.pr. decrying], to blame clam- 
 orously ; cry down ; censure ; dispar- 
 age. 
 
 decumbent (-kum'bent), adj. lying 
 down ; prostrate ; reclining. 
 
 decuple (dek'u-pl), adj. tenfold: n. a 
 number repeated 10 times : v.t. in- 
 crease tenfold. 
 
 decurrent (-kur'ent), adj. running, 
 or extending, downward : said of a 
 plant. 
 
 decursive ('siv), adj. running down. 
 
 decussate (-kus'at), v.i. to intersect 
 or cross at an acute angle : adj. in- 
 tersected. 
 
 dedicate (ded'i-kat), v.t. to set apart 
 by a solemn act or religious cere- 
 mony ; devote or set apart to some 
 work or duty ; inscribe, as a literary 
 work. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit j note, north, not ; boon, 
 D 17 book ; hue, hut ; think, Men. 
 
ded 
 
 def 
 
 dedication (-i-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of dedicating; an inscription or ad- 
 dress. 
 
 dedicator ('i-ka-ter), n. one who 
 dedicates. 
 
 dedicatory (-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to composing, or constituting, a ded- 
 ication. 
 
 deduce (de-dus'), v.t. to gather by 
 reasoning; infer; derive [with from 
 or out of~\. 
 
 deduct (de-dukt'), v.t. to take away. 
 
 deduction (-duk'shun), n. the act or 
 process of deducting ; subtraction. 
 
 deductive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
 deduction. 
 
 deductively (-li), adv. by deduction. 
 
 deed (ded), n. that which is done by 
 a responsible agent ; an act ; an il- 
 lustrious achievement ; a written in- 
 strument for the transfer of real es- 
 tate : v.t. convey by deed. 
 
 deem ( dem ) , v.t . to think ; determine : 
 v.i. to have, or be of, an opinion ; 
 judge. 
 
 deemster (dem'ster), n. a judge or 
 umpire : the title of either of the 
 two chief judges of the Isle of Man. 
 Also dempster. 
 
 deep (dep), adj. extending far below 
 the surface ; low in situation ; pen- 
 etrating ; sagacious ; profound ; dif- 
 ficult to understand ; absorbed ; 
 grave in tone, or low in pitch ; 
 strongly colored : n. that which is of 
 great depth; a great body of water. 
 
 deepen ('en), v.t. to make deep or 
 deeper ; make darker ; make sad ; 
 cloud : v.i. to become deep or deeper. 
 
 deep-laid ('lad), adj. well-concerted. 
 
 deepness ('nes), n. depth; profun- 
 dity. 
 
 deep-sea ('se), adj. pertaining to the 
 open sea, or deeper parts of the 
 ocean. 
 
 deer (der), n. sing. & pi. a general 
 name for solid-horned ruminants of 
 the genus Cervus. 
 
 deerhound ('hound), n. a staghound. 
 
 deer-lick ('lik), a spot of salt 
 ground, resorted to by deer to lick 
 the earth. 
 
 deer-stalking ( f stawk-ing), n. the 
 hunting of deer by stealing upon 
 them unawares. 
 
 deface (de-fas'), v.t. to mar or de- 
 
 stroy the surface of ; disfigure ; im- 
 pair the legibility of ; injure ; spoil. 
 
 defacement ('ment), n. the act of 
 defacing ; the condition of being de- 
 faced ; injury. 
 
 defalcation (-fal-ka'shun), n. a def- 
 icit of funds through a breach of 
 trust ; embezzlement ; diminution. 
 
 defalcator (def'al-ka-ter), n. an em- 
 bezzler. 
 
 defamation (def-a-ma'shun), n. the 
 act of injuring one's good name or 
 reputation without justification, 
 either orally, or by a written com- 
 munication. 
 
 defamatory ( de-f am'a-to-ri ) , adj. 
 containing that which is injurious to 
 the character or reputation. 
 
 defame (de-fam'), v.t. to injure or 
 destroy the good reputation of; ac- 
 cuse falsely ; asperse ; vilify. 
 
 default (de-fawlf), n. failure or 
 omission to do any act ; failure to 
 satisfy the acts required in a law- 
 suit : v.t. to make a default in ; neg- 
 lect : v.i. to make a default. 
 
 defaulter ('er), n. one who makes a 
 default; one who fails to make a 
 proper account of money or prop- 
 erty intrusted to his charge. 
 
 defeasance ( de-f ez'ans ) , n. the an- 
 nulment of a contract or deed. 
 
 defeat (de-fef), v.t. to overcome or 
 vanquish ; frustrate ; baffle : n. the 
 act of defeating ; frustration ; over- 
 throw. 
 
 defecate (def'e-kat), v.t. to clarify: 
 v.i. to become clear ; discharge ex- 
 crementous matter from the bowels. 
 
 defecation (-ka'shun), n. clarifica- 
 tion ; evacuation from the bowels. 
 
 defecator (def'e-ka-ter), n. one who, 
 or that which, purifies or cleanses ; 
 an apparatus for removing feculent 
 matter from juices, &c. 
 
 defect (de-fekf), n. an imperfection, 
 moral or physical ; insufficiency ; 
 fault; error. 
 
 defection (-fek'shun), n. a falling 
 away from duty or allegiance ; de- 
 sertion. 
 
 defective ('tiv), adj. having a defect 
 or flaw of any kind; incomplete; 
 faulty ; wanting some of the usual 
 grammatical forms. 
 
 defend (de-fend'), v.t. to guard or 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
def 
 
 def 
 
 protect ; maintain ; vindicate one's 
 legal rights by force of argument or 
 evidence : v.i. to formally enter a de- 
 fense to an action. 
 
 defendant ('ant), n. a person who is 
 sued or accused in a civil or crim- 
 inal court. 
 
 defense (de-fens'), n. the act or state 
 of defending or being defended ; pro- 
 tection ; vindication by force or ar- 
 gument ; a defendant's plea or an- 
 swer. 
 
 def ensibility ( -f en-si-bil'i-ti ) , adj. 
 the quality of being defensible. 
 
 defensible ('si-bl), adj. capable of 
 being defended. 
 
 defensive (-fen'siv), adj. serving to 
 defend or protect ; carried on in de- 
 fense. 
 
 defer (de-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
 ferred, p.pr. deferring], to put off to 
 a future time ; delay : v.i. to pro- 
 crastinate. 
 
 deference (def'er-ens), n. a yielding 
 to the opinions or wishes of anoth- 
 er ; regard. 
 
 deferent ('er-ent), adj. conveying: 
 n. that which conveys or carries ; a 
 duct or vessel in the body which con- 
 veys fluids. 
 
 deferential (-er-en'shal), adj. char- 
 acterized by, or expressing, defer- 
 ence. 
 
 deferentially (-li), adv. respect- 
 fully. 
 
 deferment (de-fer'ment), n. delay. 
 
 defiance (-fl'ans), n. contemptuous 
 disregard ; a challenge. 
 
 defiant Cant), adj. characterized by 
 defiance. 
 
 deficiency (-fish'en-si), n. Ipl. defi- 
 ciencies (-siz)], the state of being 
 deficient : incompleteness ; insuffi- 
 ciency ; scarcity. 
 
 deficient Cent), adj. wanting; in- 
 complete. 
 
 deficit (def'i-sit), n. a falling off, or 
 deficiency, in amount or quantity, 
 especially of receipts. 
 
 defier (de-fi'er), n. one who defies. 
 
 defilade (def-i-lad'), v.t. to raise, as 
 a rampart, so as to protect the lines 
 of the defending parts from guns 
 placed in a high position. 
 
 defile (de-fiT), v.t. to make foul or 
 impure; tarnish; corrupt the chas- 
 
 tity of : v.i. to march off in a file : n. 
 a long narrow mountainous pass ; a 
 marching in file. 
 
 defilement ('ment), n. moral or 
 physical pollution. 
 
 definable (-fin'a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being defined. 
 
 define (de-fin'), v.t. to determine the 
 limits of; describe the nature or 
 properties of. 
 
 definite (def'i-nit), adj. having fixed 
 or distinct limits ; certain ; pointing 
 out. 
 
 definitely (-H), adv. certainly; dis- 
 tinctly. 
 
 definition (-nish'un), n. a brief de- 
 scription or explanation of the pre- 
 cise meaning of a term, phrase, &c. ; 
 a concise statement. 
 
 definitive (de-fin'i-tiv), adj. deter- 
 mining ; conclusive : n. a word used 
 in grammar to define the significa- 
 tion of a noun. 
 
 deflagrate (def'la-grat), v.t. to set 
 fire to : v.i. to burn with sudden and 
 sparkling combustion. 
 
 deflagrator ('la-gra-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for producing combustion 
 of metallic substances by electricity. 
 
 deflect (de-flekf), v.t. to bend from 
 a straight line : v.i. to swerve ; bend 
 or turn aside,. 
 
 deflection (-flek'shun), n. a bending. 
 
 deflective ('tiv), adj. causing deflec- 
 tion. 
 
 deflector ('ter), n. a plate or cone in 
 a furnace or lamp to bring flames 
 or gases into close contact, and thus 
 increase combustion. 
 
 de fie sure (-flek'shur), n. a bending 
 down. 
 
 deflower (-de-flour') , v.t. to deprive of 
 flowers or bloom ; despoil of pristine 
 grace or beauty ; deprive of virginity. 
 
 defluent (def'lu-ent), adj. running 
 downward : n. a river rising in a 
 lake. 
 
 deforest (de-for'est), v.t. to clear of 
 forest ; cut down, clear away, or de- 
 stroy the trees of. 
 
 deform (-form'), v.t. to render ugly 
 or unshapely ; disfigure ; mar. 
 
 deformity ('i-ti), n. [pi. deformi- 
 ties (-tiz )], physical malformation; 
 disfigurement ; want of beauty or 
 harmony. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
def 
 
 defraud (-frawd'), v.t. to deprive of 
 some right or interest by deception ; 
 cheat; withhold wrongfully. 
 
 defray (de-fra'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
 frayed, p. pr. defraying], to discharge 
 (the expenses of anything); pay; 
 settle. 
 
 defrayal ('al), n. the act of defray- 
 ing. 
 
 deft (deft), adj. dexterous; handy; 
 clever. 
 
 defunct (de-fungkf), adj. dead; ex- 
 tinct : n. a dead person ; the dead 
 (collectively). 
 
 defy (-fi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. defied, p. 
 pr. defying], to challenge or pro- 
 voke to strife; set at defiance; re- 
 sist openly. 
 
 degeneracy (de-jen'er-a-si), n. the 
 state of being degenerate. 
 
 degenerate ('er-at), v.i. to become 
 inferior in goodness or quality ; be- 
 come of a lower type ; pass to an 
 inferior or worse state ; deteriorate : 
 adj. deteriorated ; degraded : n. a 
 degenerate person or organism. 
 
 degenerately (-li), adv. in'a degen- 
 erate manner. 
 
 degeneration (-a'shun), n. the act, 
 state, or process of growing worse ; 
 degeneracy ; decline ; the morbid 
 impairment of any structural tis- 
 sue or organ. 
 
 deglutition (deg-loo-tish'un), n. 
 swallowing. 
 
 degote (de-got'), n. oil distilled from 
 the white birch : used for Russian 
 leather. 
 
 degradation (deg-ra-da'shun), n. the 
 act of degrading. 
 
 degrade (de-grad'), v.t. to reduce in 
 grade or rank ; deprive of honors, 
 office, or dignity; lower physically 
 or morally ; tone down ; diminish ; 
 wear away. 
 
 degree (de-gre'), n. a step or grade; 
 rank or station; relationship be- 
 tween a person and the next in line 
 of descent ; rank conferred by a 
 diploma after examination ; one of 
 three degrees in the comparison of 
 an adjective or adverb ; a certain 
 amount or interval ; the 360th part 
 of the circumference of a circle ; 
 60 geographical miles. 
 
 del 
 
 dehisce (de-his'), v.i. to gape open. 
 
 dehiscence ('ens), n. the opening of 
 a capsule for the discharge of seeds, 
 or of anthers for the discharge of 
 pollen. 
 
 dehiscent Cent), adj. opening. 
 
 dehorn (-horn'), v.t. to deprive of 
 horns. 
 
 dehypnotize (-hip'no-tiz), v.t. to 
 awaken from hypnotism. 
 
 deification ( de-i-fi-ka'shun ) , n. the 
 act of defying ; apotheosis. 
 
 deify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. deified, 
 p.pr. deifying], to make, or exalt 
 to the rank of, a deity ; idolize. 
 
 deign (dan), v.i. to condescend; 
 vouchsafe : v.t. to permit. 
 
 deism (de'izm), n. the creed of a 
 deist. 
 
 deist ('ist), n. one who believes in 
 the existence of a personal God, 
 but not in revealed religion. 
 
 deistic ('ik), adj. pertaining to deism, 
 or deists. 
 
 deity ('i-ti), n. [pi. deities (-tiz)], 
 a god, goddess, or person worshipped 
 as a divine being. 
 
 Deity, n. God ; Jehovah ; the charac- 
 ter, nature, or attributes of God ; 
 the Godhead. 
 
 deject (de-jekf), v.t. to depress the 
 spirits of ; dishearten ; sadden. 
 
 dejection (-jek'shun) n. lowness of 
 spirits ; melancholy ; depression ; 
 evacuation. 
 
 dejeuner (da-zhu-na'), n. the first 
 formal meal of the day. 
 
 delaine (de-lan'), n. a light textile 
 fabric of wool and cotton. 
 
 delay (de-la'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
 layed, p.pr. delaying], to postpone; 
 hinder for a time : v.i. to act or pro- 
 ceed slowly: n. postponement; pro- 
 crastination. 
 
 dele (de'le), v.t. to take out (a letter, 
 &c.) in proof reading : n. a mark ( <5) 
 that a letter, &c, is to be deleted. 
 
 delectability (de-lek-ta-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being delectable. 
 
 delectable ('ta-bl), adj. pleasing; 
 delightful. 
 
 delectably (-li), adv. delightfully. 
 
 delectation (-ta'shun), n. delight; 
 pleasure. 
 
 delegate (del'e-gat), v.t. to send as 
 a representative with authority to 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; m§, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrtb, not ; bo5n t 
 book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 
 
del 
 
 del 
 
 act ; entrust ; commit : n. one sent 
 to represent and act for others. 
 
 delegation (-ga'shun), n. the act. of 
 delegating ; a person or body of per- 
 sons chosen to act for others. 
 
 delete ( de-let'), v.t. to blot out; 
 erase. 
 
 deleterious (-ter'i-us), adj. harm- 
 ful, morally or physically ; poison- 
 ous. 
 
 deletion (-le'shun), n. the act of de- 
 leting. 
 
 delf (delf), n. glazed earthenware. 
 
 deliberate (de-lib'er-at), v.t. to think 
 upon or consider ; weigh in the mind ; 
 ponder : v.i. to take counsel with 
 one's self or others : adj. circum- 
 spect ; slow in determining or in 
 action ; well-considered. 
 
 deliberately (-li), adv. with care- 
 ful consideration. 
 
 deliberateness (-nes), n. circum- 
 spection. 
 
 deliberation (-er-a'shun), n. calm 
 and careful consideration ; slowness 
 in action. 
 
 deliberative (-tiv), adj. character- 
 ized by, or acting with, deliberation. 
 
 delicacy (del'i-ka-si), n. [pi. delica- 
 cies (-siz)], the state or quality of 
 being delicate ; agreeableness to the 
 taste or other senses ; grace ; sensi- 
 tiveness ; refinement ; sensibility ; 
 consideration for the feelings of 
 others ; susceptibility to disease. 
 
 delicatessen (-ka-tes'en), n.pl. table 
 delicacies. 
 
 delicious (de-lish'us), adj. highly 
 pleasing to the senses, taste, or 
 mind ; exquisite. 
 
 delight (de-lif), v.t. to gratify or 
 please greatly ; charm : v.i. be high- 
 ly gratified or pleased (with in) : n. 
 an extreme degree of pleasure; high 
 satisfaction ; joy. 
 
 delightful ('fool), adj. affording 
 delight. 
 
 delimit (-lim'it), v.t. to mark out or 
 fix the limits of, as territory ; bound. 
 
 delineate (-lin'e-at), v.t. to mark 
 out with lines ; sketch ; portray ; 
 describe minutely and accurately in 
 words. 
 
 delineation (-e-a'shun), n. the act 
 or art of delineating ; a sketch, de- 
 scription, &c. 
 
 delineator ('e-a-ter), n. one who de- 
 lineates. 
 
 delineatory (-to-ri), adj. delineat- 
 ing. 
 
 delinquency (-ling'kwen-si), n. [pi. 
 delinquencies (-siz)], neglect- of, or 
 failure in, duty; a misdeed; fault. 
 
 delinquent ('kwent), adj. falling 
 short of duty : n. one who neglects, 
 or fails to perform, a duty; an of- 
 fender. 
 
 deliquesce ( del-i-kwes' ) , v.i. to melt 
 and become liquid by absorbing 
 moisture from the atmosphere. 
 
 deliquescence ('ens), n. the act, 
 property, or state of deliquescing. 
 
 deliquescent ('ent), adj. liquefying 
 or melting on exposure to the at- 
 mosphere. 
 
 delirious (de-lir'i-us), adj. light- 
 headed ; insane ; frantic with delight. 
 
 delirium ('i-um), n. excitement and 
 aberration of the mind, caused by 
 fever, &c. 
 
 delirium tremens (tre'mens), n. a 
 disease of the brain caused by the 
 excessive and prolonged use of in- 
 toxicating liquors. 
 
 deliver (de-liv'er), v.t. to set free; 
 save ; yield possession or control of ; 
 send forth vigorously ; discharge ; 
 communicate ; speak ; disburden of 
 a child. 
 
 deliverance ('er-ans), n. the act of 
 delivering ; rescue ; an authoritative 
 utterance by an official or judge on 
 some technical point. 
 
 delivery ('er-i), n. [pi. deliveries 
 (-riz)], the act of delivering; a set- 
 ting free ; a surrender ; transfer ; 
 manner of utterance ; a distribution 
 of letters, &c. ; the act or manner of 
 delivering a ball ; parturition. 
 
 dell (del), n. a small secluded valley. 
 
 Delphic (del'fik), adj. pertaining to 
 Delphi, or to the famous sanctuary 
 of Apollo with its priestess, or the 
 games celebrated there in honor of 
 Apollo. Also Delphian. 
 
 delta (del'ta), n. [pi. deltas ('taz)], 
 an alluvial deposit, shaped like the 
 Greek letter A formed at the mouth 
 of a river ; any triangular surface. 
 
 deltaic (-ta'ik), adj. pertaining to a 
 delta. 
 
 deltoid ('toid), adj. shaped like a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
del 
 
 dem 
 
 delta (//) ; pertaining to the deltoid 
 muscle of the shoulder. 
 
 delude (de-lud'), v.t. to impose upon 
 the mind or judgment of; beguile; 
 deceive. 
 
 deluge (del'uj), n. an inundation; a 
 great overflowing of the land by 
 water, especially that of the time of 
 Noah (Genesis vii.) ; a sudden and 
 resistless calamity : v.t. to over- 
 whelm. 
 
 delul (de-lool'), n. a female drome- 
 dary. 
 
 delusion (-hl'zhun), n. the act of 
 deluding ; deceit ; imposition ; illu- 
 sion. 
 
 delusive (-lfi'siv), adj. tending to 
 delude or deceive ; deceptive. Also 
 delusory. 
 
 delve (delv), v.t. to open with a 
 spade ; fathom ; penetrate. 
 
 demagnetize (de-mag'net-iz), v.t. to 
 deprive of magnetic properties. 
 
 demagogic ( dem-a-gog'ik ) , adj. char- 
 acteristic of a demagogue. Also 
 demagogical. 
 
 demagogism ('a-gog-izm), n. the 
 principles or practice of a dema- 
 gogue. 
 
 demagogue ('a-gog), n. a popular 
 and factious orator, especially one 
 who inveighs against constituted au- 
 thority. 
 
 demand (de-mand'), v.t. to claim as 
 by right or authority ; ask in a per- 
 emptory manner ; summon : n. an 
 authoritative claim ; a peremptory 
 request ; the state of being much 
 sought after. 
 
 demandant ('ant), n. a plaintiff. 
 
 demantoid (-man'toid), n. an em- 
 erald green garnet : used as a gem. 
 
 demarcation ( -mar-ka'shun ) , n. the 
 act of defining, or marking, the 
 bounds of. 
 
 de march (de'mark), n. the ruler of 
 a deme or district in Greece. 
 
 demean (de-men'), v.t. to behave 
 (with self). 
 
 demeanor ('er), n. behavior; de- 
 portment. 
 
 dement (-menf), v.t. to make in- 
 sane. 
 
 dementia (-men'shi-a), n. insanity. 
 
 demesne (de-men'), n. landed estate 
 
 attached to a manor : adj. pertaining 
 to a demesne. 
 
 demi (dem'i), a prefix signifying 
 half, used in composition, as Semi- 
 quaver, a note equal in duration to 
 half a quaver. 
 
 demi. Same as demy. 
 
 demigod (dem'i-god), n. an inferior 
 deity ; one whose nature is partly 
 divine; the offspring of a god and 
 a human being ; a deified hero. 
 
 demijohn (-jon), n. a large glass 
 bottle with a small neck and large 
 body, usually incased in wickerwork. 
 
 demisable (-miz'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being demised. 
 
 demise (-miz'), n. the transfer of a 
 right to, or of a title in, an estate 
 through death or forfeiture ; death, 
 especially of a royal personage ; the 
 conveyance or transfer of an estate 
 by will or lease for a term of years 
 or in fee simple : v.t. to give or grant 
 by will : v.i. to pass by bequest or 
 inheritance. 
 
 demobilize (-mo'bi-liz), v.t. to dis- 
 band or dismiss (troops that have 
 been mobilized) ; change from a war 
 to a peace footing. 
 
 democracy (-mok'ra-si), n. [pi. de- 
 mocracies (-siz)], government by 
 the people collectively by elected 
 representatives ; political or social 
 equality. 
 
 Democracy, n. the Democratic party 
 or its principles. 
 
 democrat (dem'o-krat), n. one who 
 advocates and upholds the principles 
 of democracy. 
 
 Democrat, n. a member of the Demo- 
 cratic party. 
 
 democratic (-krat'ik), or demo- 
 cratical (-al), adj. pertaining to 
 democracy. 
 
 democratically (-li), adv. in a dem- 
 ocratic manner. 
 
 demoiselle (dem-wa-zel'), n. a young 
 lady, or unmarried woman ; the Nu- 
 midian crane ; a handsome small 
 dragon-fly. 
 
 demolish (de-mol'ish), v.t. to throw 
 down ; reduce to ruins ; destroy ; 
 annihilate. 
 
 demolition (dem-o-lish'un), n. the 
 act or process of demolishing; de- 
 struction. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
deni 
 
 den 
 
 demon (de'mon), n. an evil spirit; 
 devil ; a guardian spirit or genius. 
 
 demonetize (-mon'e-tiz), v.t. to de- 
 prive of standard value, as currency ; 
 withdraw from use as money. 
 
 demoniac (-mo'ni-ak), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or influenced by, demons ; 
 characteristic of a demon or evil 
 spirit. Also demoniacal : n. a luna- 
 tic. 
 
 demonism ('mon-izm), n. belief in 
 demons ; the nature of a demon. 
 
 demonolatry (-ol'a-tri), n. devil 
 worship. 
 
 demonology (-ol'o-ji), n. a treatise 
 on demons or evil spirits, as con- 
 nected with the science of religion, 
 or popular superstitions. 
 
 demonstrable ( de-mon'stra-bl ) , adj. 
 capable of being demonstrated. 
 
 demonstrate (de-mon' or dem'on- 
 strat), v.t. to prove beyond the pos- 
 sibility of a doubt; teach by exam- 
 ples : v.t. to organize, or take part 
 in, a party demonstration. 
 
 demonstration (dem-on-stra'shun) , 
 n. the act of demonstrating ; a proof 
 beyond the possibility of a doubt ; 
 manifestation; a public exhibition 
 of sympathy with some political or 
 social movement ; the exhibition and 
 description of examples in art and 
 science teaching, especially anatomy. 
 
 demonstrative ('stra-tiv), adj. hav- 
 ing the power of demonstration; 
 conclusive; manifesting the feelings 
 openly and strongly: n. a demon- 
 strative pronoun. 
 
 demonstrator ('on-stra-ter), n. one 
 who demonstrates ; a teacher of 
 practical anatomy, or physical sci- 
 ence. 
 
 demoralize ('al-iz), v.t. to corrupt, 
 or undermine, the morals of; de- 
 prive of spirit or energy; throw 
 into confusion. 
 
 demulcent (-mul'sent), adj. soften- 
 ing ; lenitive : n. a medicine which 
 allays irritation. 
 
 demur (de-mur'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
 murred, p.pr. demurring], to hesi- 
 tate ; raise objections ; to interpose 
 a demurrer : n. an objection or ex- 
 ception. 
 
 demure (-ruur'), adj. grave; sober; 
 
 decorous in bearing; affectedly 
 modest or grave. 
 
 demurely (-li), adv. in a demure 
 manner. 
 
 demureness ('nes), n. quality of 
 being demure. 
 
 demurrage (-mur'aj), n. the com- 
 pensation paid by the freighter for 
 the detention of a vessel in port 
 beyond the stipulated time. 
 
 demurrer ('er), n. an issue on a 
 point of law. 
 
 demy (de-mi), n. [pi. demies (-miz')L 
 a particular size of writing and 
 printing paper, 15 x 20 inches, and 
 17% x 22 inches respectively. 
 
 den (den), n. the hollow cave of a 
 wild beast ; lair ; subterraneous re- 
 treat ; a squalid place of residence ; 
 a small or secluded apartment, used 
 as a retreat for work and leisure. 
 
 denationalize (de-nash'un-al-iz) , v.t. 
 to deprive of national rights or 
 character ; render local. 
 
 denaturalize (-nat'u-ral-iz), v.t. to 
 make unnatural ; divest of the ac- 
 quired rights of citizenship in a 
 foreign country. 
 
 dendrite (den'drit), n. a stone or 
 mineral with tree-like markings. 
 
 dendroid ('droid), adj. resembling a 
 tree in appearance ; arborescent. 
 
 dendrology (-drol'o-ji), n. the nat- 
 ural history of trees; a treatise on 
 trees. 
 
 dendrometer (-drom'e-ter), n. an 
 apparatus for taking the heights 
 and diameters of trees to ascertain 
 their contents. 
 
 dengue (deng'ga), n. the West In- 
 dian name for the dandy fever, an 
 acute febrile epidemic disease with 
 pain in the bones, and skin eruption. 
 
 denial (de-m'al), n. the act of deny- 
 ing ; refusal ; contradiction ; non- 
 compliance. 
 
 denizen (den'i-zen) , n. an inhabitant ; 
 citizen ; an alien who has received 
 letters patent admitting him to the 
 rights of citizenship. 
 
 denominate (de-nom'i-nat), v.t. to 
 designate ; characterized by an epi- 
 thet ; name : adj. made up of units 
 of a specified kind. 
 
 denomination (-i-na'shun), n. the 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
den 
 
 act of designating ; a sect, class, or 
 division. 
 
 denominational (-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or carried on by, a sect. 
 
 denominationalism (-al-izm), n. a 
 denominational or class spirit, or 
 policy ; the opinion that education 
 should be carried out through reli- 
 gious bodies. 
 
 denominationally (-li), adv. by 
 sects. 
 
 denominative ('i-na-tiv), adj. giv- 
 ing a name ; formed from a sub- 
 stantive or adjectival stem ; conno- 
 tative : n. a verb formed from a sub- 
 stantive or adjectival stem. 
 
 denominator ('i-na-ter), n. one who, 
 or that which, denominates ; the ex- 
 pression of a fraction which, when 
 placed below the line, gives the 
 name or value to the unit. 
 
 denotable (de-not'a-bl), adj. that 
 may be denoted. 
 
 denotative (-no'ta-tiv), adj. having 
 the power to denote or point out ; 
 significant. 
 
 denote (de-not'), v.t. to signify or 
 identify by a visible sign; indicate; 
 betoken. 
 
 denouement (da-noo-mang'), n. the 
 act of unraveling or solving a plot ; 
 outcome. 
 
 denounce (de-nouns'), v.t. to threat- 
 en or accuse publicly ; censure ; 
 stigmatize; lay claim to (a new, or 
 an abandoned, mine). 
 
 dense (dens), adj. thick; compact; 
 intense. 
 
 density (den'si-ti), n. compactness; 
 mass of matter per unit of volume ; 
 depth of shade. 
 
 dent (dent), n. a slight depression 
 caused by a blow or pressure ; the 
 tooth of a wheel ; a cog, card, comb, 
 or metallic brush : v.t. to make a 
 dent in. 
 
 dental (den'tal), adj. pertaining to 
 the teeth ; pronounced by the aid of 
 the teeth : n. a letter pronounced by 
 the aid of the teeth. 
 
 dentary ('ta-ri), adj. pertaining to 
 teeth. 
 
 dentate ('tat), adj. toothed. Also 
 dentated. 
 
 denticulate (-tik'ti-lat), adj. fur- 
 
 dep 
 
 nished with small teeth. Also den- 
 ticulated. 
 
 dentiform ('ti-form), adj. tooth- 
 shaped. 
 
 dentifrice ('ti-fris), n. tooth-powder. 
 
 dentil ('til), n. one of the small 
 square blocks or projections in cor- 
 nices. Also dentel. 
 
 dentilabial (-ti-la'bi-al), adj. artic- 
 ulated between the teeth and the 
 lips. 
 
 dentilingual ( -ling'gwal ) , adj. 
 formed between the teeth and the 
 tongue. Dentolingual. 
 
 dentine (den'tin), n. the hard, dense, 
 calcified tissue which forms the 
 body of a tooth. 
 
 dentiphone ('ti-fon), n. an audi- 
 phone. 
 
 dentist ('tist), n. a dental surgeon. 
 
 dentistry ('tis-tri), n. dental sur- 
 gery. 
 
 dentition (-tish'un), n. the process, 
 or period, of cutting the teeth ; ar- 
 rangement of the teeth. 
 
 dentoid ('toid), adj. tooth-shaped. 
 
 denudation (de-mi- or den-u-da'- 
 shun), n. the act of stripping or 
 making bare. 
 
 denude (de-nud'), v.t. to make bare 
 or naked; lay bare (rocks) by ero- 
 sive action. 
 
 denunciation (-nun-si-a'shun), n. 
 the act of denouncing; a threat; 
 menace. 
 
 denunciator (-nun'si-a-ter), n. a de- 
 nouncer. 
 
 denunciatory (-to-ri), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or containing, a denunciation. 
 Denunciative. 
 
 deny (de-nf), v.t. to refuse to be- 
 lieve or admit ; contradict ; refuse 
 to grant ; abjure. 
 
 deodand (de'6-dand), n. any per- 
 sonal chattel which has caused 
 death, and for that reason has been 
 given to God (forfeited to the 
 Crown) for pious uses. 
 
 deodorant (-o'der-ant), n. a deodor- 
 izer. 
 
 deodorize ('der-iz), v.t. to disinfect. 
 
 depart ( de-part'), v.i. to go or move 
 away ; leave ; die ; desist. 
 
 department ('ment), n. a separate 
 room or office for business ; a branch 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dep 
 
 of business, study, or science ; a 
 territorial administrative division. 
 
 departmental ('al), adj. pertaining 
 to a department ; governed by de- 
 partments. 
 
 departure (par'chur), n. the act of 
 departing ; a going away ; deviation ; 
 death. 
 
 depend (de-pend'), v.i. to rely for 
 support ; trust ; hang down. 
 
 dependence ('ens), n. the state of 
 being dependent ; connection ; reli- 
 ance ; trust. Also dependency (-si), 
 [pi. dependencies (-siz) ], a colony. 
 
 dependent ('ent), adj. hanging 
 down ; contingent ; conditional ; su- 
 bordinate : n. one dependent upon 
 another ; a retainer ; consequence. 
 
 depict (de-pikt'), v.t. to paint or 
 portray ; describe or represent vivid- 
 ly. 
 
 depilatory (de-pil'a-to-ri), adj. hav- 
 ing the power of removing hair : n. 
 an application for removing super- 
 fluous hairs. 
 
 depletion (-ple'shun), n. the act of 
 emptying or exhausting; blood-let- 
 ting. 
 
 deplorable (-plor'a-bl), adj. worthy 
 to be deplored ; sad ; calamitous ; 
 grievous. 
 
 deplore (-plor'), v.t. to lament; 
 grieve for. 
 
 deploy (-ploi'), v.t. & vi. [p.t. & p.p. 
 deployed, p.pr. deploying], to open 
 out ; extend in line so as to present 
 a wider front : n. the act of deploy- 
 ing. Also deployment. 
 
 depolarize (-po'lar-iz), v.t. to de- 
 prive of polarity. 
 
 deponent (-pon'ent), adj. denoting a 
 Latin verb with a passive form 
 and an active meaning : n. a witness 
 who makes an affidavit to a state- 
 ment of fact. 
 
 depopulate (-pop'u-lat), v.t. to de- 
 prive of inhabitants ; devastate ; lay 
 waste. 
 
 deport (-port'), v.t. to carry from 
 one country to another ; banish ; be- 
 have (one's self). 
 
 deportment ('ment), n. conduct; 
 behavior. 
 
 depose (-poz'), v.t. to remove from a 
 throne, or other ^ high station ; de- 
 prive of office : v.i. testify on oath. 
 
 dep 
 
 deposit (-poz'it), v.t. to put or set 
 down ; place ; intrust to another for 
 security : n. anything deposited : 
 something committed to the care of 
 another ; a pledge ; rocks produced 
 by denudation or by the laying down 
 of other formations. 
 
 depositary ('i-ta-ri), n. one with 
 whom something is intrusted ; a 
 guardian. 
 
 deposition (dep-o-zish'un), n. the act 
 of depositing or deposing ; that 
 which is deposited or deposed ; an 
 affidavit. 
 
 depositor (de-poz'i-ter), n. one who 
 deposits. 
 
 depository ('i-to-ri), n. [pi. deposi- 
 tories ( -riz ) ] , the place where any- 
 thing is deposited for security ; a 
 depot for the sale of publications. 
 
 depot (de'po, or dep'6), n. sl ware- 
 house ; a magazine for military 
 stores, &c. ; the headquarters of a 
 regiment ; a railway station. 
 
 depravation (dep-ra-va'shun), n. 
 the act of depraving ; deterioration. 
 
 deprave (de-prav'), v.t. to make bad. 
 
 depraved (-pravd') , p.adj. morally de- 
 based ; corrupt ; made bad or worse. 
 
 depravity (-prav'i-ti), n. the state of 
 being depraved or corrupt ; wicked- 
 ness. 
 
 depre cable (dep're-ka-bl), adj. that 
 which is, or should be, deprecated. 
 
 deprecate ('re-kat), v.t. to pray 
 against ; disapprove strongly ; ex- 
 press regret for. 
 
 deprecation (-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of deprecating; in litanies, a peti- 
 tion to be delivered from some spir- 
 itual or temporal evil. 
 
 deprecatory (dep're-ka-to-ri), adj. 
 apologetic. 
 
 depreciate (de-pre'shi-at), v.t. to 
 lower the value, or rate, of ; dis- 
 parage : v.i. to fall in value. 
 
 depreciation (-a'shun), n. the act 
 of lessening the value or worth of; 
 fall in value. 
 
 depredate (dep're-dat), v.t. to pil- 
 lage ; rob ; lay waste ; prey upon. 
 
 depredation (-da'shun), n. the act 
 of depredating. 
 
 depredator (dep're-da-ter), n. a 
 plunderer. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dep 
 
 depredatory (-to-ri), adj. plunder- 
 ing. 
 depress (de-pres'), v.t. to press or 
 thrust down ; humble ; dispirit ; 
 lower or cheapen. 
 
 depressed (-presf), p.adj. cast down 
 in spirits ; lowered in position ; flat- 
 tened from above, or vertically. 
 
 depression (-presh'un), n. the act 
 of depressing ; the sinking or fall- 
 ing in of a surface ; abasement ; de- 
 jection of spirits ; debility ; diminu- 
 tion or dullness of trade. 
 
 depressor (-pres'er), n. one who, or 
 that which, depresses ; a muscle 
 that draws down an organ or part. 
 
 deprivation C^ep-ri-va'shun), n. the 
 act of taking away ; destitution ; 
 loss ; the deposition of a cleric from 
 his office or functions. 
 
 deprive (de-prlv'), v.t. to take from; 
 dispossess ; debar ; depose from of- 
 fice. 
 
 depth (depth), n. the state or de- 
 gree of being deep ; profoundness ; 
 extent of penetration ; richness of 
 tone or color. 
 
 deputation (dep-fi-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of deputing ; the persons de- 
 puted. 
 
 depute ( de-put'), v.t. to appoint as 
 an agent or deputy ; send with au- 
 thority to act on behalf of the prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 deputize (dep'u-tiz), v.t. to appoint 
 as a deputy. 
 
 deputy ('ii-ti), n. [pi. deputies 
 (-tiz)], one appointed to act for 
 another ; a delegate. 
 
 derail (de-ral'), v.i. to run off the 
 rails : v.t. to cause to leave the rails. 
 
 derange (-ranj'), v.t. to throw into 
 confusion ; disturb the normal func- 
 tions of ; displace. 
 
 derangement ('ment), n. the act of 
 deranging ; insanity. 
 
 Derby (der'bi),?i. [pi. derbies ('biz)], 
 a race, founded, 1780, for three-year- 
 old horses, run annually at Epsom, 
 England. 
 
 derby (der'bi), n. a kind of stiff felt 
 hat, with convex crown and curved 
 brim. 
 
 derelict (der'e-likt), adj. abandoned; 
 adrift : n. anything left, forsaken, 
 
 der 
 
 or cast away intentionally, as at 
 sea : pi. abandoned goods found at 
 sea. 
 dereliction (-lik'shun), n. omission, 
 as of obligation or duty ; the gain- 
 ing of land by the permanent retire- 
 ment of the sea. 
 
 deride (-rid'), v.t. to mock; laugh 
 at : v.i. to indulge in mockery, scorn, 
 or ridicule. 
 
 deridingly ('ing-li), adv. with de- 
 rision. 
 
 derisible (-riz'i-bl), adj. open to de- 
 rision. 
 
 derision (-rizh'un), n. the act of de- 
 riding ; ridicule ; scorn ; contempt. 
 
 derisive (-ris'iv), adj. expressing de- 
 rision. 
 
 derivable (-riv'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being derived ; deducible. 
 
 derivation (der-i-va'shun), n. the 
 act of deriving, or the condition of 
 being derived ; the process of trac- 
 ing a word from its original source ; 
 evolution ; deduction. 
 
 derivative (de-riv'a-tiv) , adj. derived 
 or taken from another ; deducible ; 
 secondary : n. a word obtained from 
 some other by a prefix or suffix, or 
 other modification. 
 
 derive (-riv'), v.t. to draw from an 
 original source ; obtain by trans- 
 mission or descent; trace (a word) 
 to its original root or stem ; deduce ; 
 infer. 
 
 derma (der 'ma), n. the true skin. 
 
 dermal ('mal), adj. pertaining to the, 
 or consisting of, skin. Also dermic. 
 
 dermatoid ('ma-toid), adj. like 
 skin. 
 
 dermatology (-tol'o-ji), n. the sci- 
 ence which treats of the skin and its 
 diseases. 
 
 dermic, another form of dermal. 
 
 dernier ressort (der'ni-er re-zor'), 
 n. the last resort or expedient. 
 
 derogate ('o-gat), v.t. to take away; 
 annual partially : v.i. detract ( with 
 from). 
 
 derogation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
 of derogating ; detraction ; deprecia- 
 tion. 
 
 derogatory (de-rog'a-to-ri), adj. tend- 
 ing to derogate from honor, char- 
 acter, or value (with to, from). 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
der 
 
 des 
 
 derrick ('ik), n. an apparatus for 
 hoisting heavy weights. 
 
 derringer ('in-jer), n. a pocket pis- 
 tol with a short barrel of very large 
 caliber. 
 
 dervish ('vish), n. a Mohammedan 
 monk who professes extreme pov- 
 erty, chastity, and humility, and 
 leads a very austere life ; a Sou- 
 danese adherent of the Madhi. 
 
 descant (des'kant), n. a varied song 
 or melody ; a disquisition or com- 
 ment : (des-kanf) v.i. to comment 
 freely ; discourse at length. 
 
 descend (de-send'), v.i. to pass from 
 a higher to a lower position; fall 
 upon or invade ; be derived from ; 
 fall in order of inheritance, or from 
 one generation to another ; move to- 
 ward the south : said of a star : v.t. 
 to move or pass along downwards. 
 
 descendant ('ant), n. one who is 
 lineally descended from an ancestor ; 
 offspring. 
 
 descendent Cent), adj. descending; 
 sinking. 
 
 descendible ('i-bl), adj. that may be 
 descended ; transmissible. 
 
 descension ('shun), n. the act of 
 descending ; a falling ; declension ; 
 sinking downwards. 
 
 descent (-sent'), n. change from a 
 higher to a lower place ; a sudden 
 hostile invasion or attack ; moral or 
 social declension ; transmission of an 
 estate; derivation from a common 
 ancestor ; birth ; a passage from a 
 higher to a lower pitch. 
 
 describable (de-skrib'a-bl), adj. ca- 
 pable of description. 
 
 describe (-skrlb'), v.t. to delineate or 
 trace out ; narrate ; set forth. 
 
 description (-skrip'shun), n. the act 
 of describing; delineation by marks 
 or signs; an account of anything in 
 words or writing. 
 
 descriptive ('tiv), adj. tending to, 
 or serving to, describe ; containing 
 description. 
 
 desecrate (des'e-krat), v.t. to divert 
 from a sacred to a secular use ; pro- 
 fane. 
 
 desecration (-kra'shun), n. profana- 
 tion. 
 
 desert (de-zerf), v.t. to forsake; 
 abandon : v.i. abscond from duty. 
 
 desert (dez'ert), n. a barren tract 
 incapable of supporting life or vege- 
 tation ; a solitude : adj. pertaining to 
 a desert. 
 
 desert (de-zerf), n. a reward or pun- 
 ishment deserved ; merit. 
 
 deserve (-zerv'), v.t. 'to earn by serv- 
 ice ; be justly entitled to, or worthy 
 of ; merit : v.i. to be worthy or de- 
 serving (usual with well or ill). 
 
 deservedly ('ed-li), adv. justly. 
 
 deshabille, same as dishabille. 
 
 desiccate (des'i-kat), v.t. to dry 
 thoroughly ; dry up ; preserve by 
 exhausting the moisture from : v.i. 
 to become dry. 
 
 desiccation (-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of drying. 
 
 desiccative (des'i-ka-tiv), adj. tend- 
 ing to dry. 
 
 desiccator (-ter), n. an apparatus 
 for drying foods and other sub- 
 stances. 
 
 desiderate (de-sid'er-at), v.t. to be 
 in want or need of; desire to have. 
 
 desiderative (-iv), adj. having de- 
 sire. 
 
 desideratum (-ra'tum), n. [pi. de- 
 siderata ('ta)L anything desired; a 
 want or desire generally felt and 
 recognized. 
 
 design (-zin'), v.t. to draw, mark, or 
 plan out ; project ; set apart njental- 
 ly : v.i. to formulate designs or exe- 
 cute original work : n. an outline, 
 plan, or drawing ; project ; inten- 
 tion. 
 
 designate (des'ig-nat), v.t. to indi- 
 cate by marks, lines, or a descrip- 
 tion the limits of; point out; dis- 
 tinguish ; name : adj. designated ; 
 selected. 
 
 designation (-na'shun), n. the act 
 of designating; nomination; ap- 
 pointment. 
 
 designedly (de-zin 'ed-li), adv. inten- 
 tionally. 
 
 designing (-zin'ing), adj. scheming; 
 artful ; cunning ; insidious ; wily. 
 
 desirability (-zir-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being desirable. 
 
 desirable ('a-bl), adj. pleasing; 
 agreeable. 
 
 desire (-zir'), v.t. to wish earnestly 
 for ; crave : v.i. be in the state of 
 desire: n. a longing for the posses- 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
des 
 
 sion of some object ; a petition or 
 prayer ; natural or sensual tenden- 
 cy ; the object longed for. 
 
 desirous ('us), adj. full of desire. 
 
 desist ('sist), v.i. to cease from. 
 
 desk (desk), n. a sloping frame or 
 table for reading or writing upon ; a 
 clerk's position. 
 
 desolate (des'o-lat) , v.t. to lay waste ; 
 deprive of inhabitants ; overwhelm 
 with sorrow : adj. deprived of in- 
 habitants ; solitary ; laid waste ; 
 abandoned ; miserable. 
 
 desolately (-li), adv. in a desolate 
 manner. 
 
 desolation (-la/shun), n. the act of 
 desolating ; the state of being deso- 
 lated ; a solitude ; ruin ; destruction ; 
 affliction ; misery. 
 
 despair (-par'), v.i. to abandon all 
 hope, or expectation ; become hope- 
 less : v.t. to lose hope or confidence 
 in : n. loss of hope or confidence ; 
 hopelessness ; desperation. 
 
 despatch (des-pach'), or dispatch 
 (dis-), v.t. to send off; expedite; 
 put to death ; finish quickly : n. 
 speedy performance ; celerity ; an ex- 
 press ; an official document sent to a 
 minister abroad. 
 
 desperado (-per-a'do), n. a man 
 reckless of danger ; a wild ruffian. 
 
 desperate ('per-at), adj. regardless 
 of danger or consequences ; reckless ; 
 hopeless. 
 
 desperately (-li), adv. recklessly; 
 hopelessly. 
 
 despicable ('pi-ka-bl), adj. con- 
 temptible. 
 
 despise (-spiz'), v.t. to look down 
 upon with scorn or contempt; dis- 
 dain. 
 
 despite (-spit'), n. extreme con- 
 tempt ; malicious anger ; scorn ; ha- 
 tred : prep, notwithstanding. 
 
 despitefully (-fool-li), adv. mali- 
 ciously. 
 
 despoil (-spoil'), v.t. to rob; deprive. 
 
 despond (-spond'), v.i. to be cast 
 down in spirits ; give way to de- 
 spondency. 
 
 despondency ('en-si), n. absence of 
 hope or courage ; deep mental de- 
 pression. 
 
 despot (des'pot), n. an absolute ir- 
 
 des 
 
 responsible ruler ; an autocrat ; 
 tyrant. 
 
 despotic (-pot'ik), adj. absolute in 
 power ; autocratic ; irresponsible ; 
 arbitrary ; tyrannical. Also despot- 
 ical. 
 
 despotically (-al-li), adv. in a des- 
 potic manner. 
 
 despotism ('pot-izm), n. absolute 
 power or government; tyranny. 
 
 dessert (dez-ert'), n. a course of 
 fruits, sweets, &c, usually served 
 last at dinner. 
 
 destination (des-ti-na'shun), n. pur- 
 pose or end for which anything is 
 appointed ; ultimate design ; goal ; 
 termination. 
 
 destine (des'tin), v.t. to appoint to 
 any use or purpose ; fix unalterably ; 
 doom. 
 
 destiny ('ti-ni), n. [pi. destinies 
 (-niz)], premeditated lot; fate; in- 
 evitable necessity. 
 
 destitute ('ti-tut), adj. without 
 means of existence ; forsaken ; poor ; 
 penniless. 
 
 destitution (-tu'shun), n. poverty; 
 want. 
 
 destroy (de-stroi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 destroyed, p.pr. destroying], to pull 
 down ; overturn ; lay waste ; render 
 desolate ; kill ; put an end to ; dis- 
 prove. 
 
 destructibility (-struk-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being destructible. 
 
 destructible ('ti-bl), adj. that may 
 be destroyed. 
 
 destruction (-struk'shun), n. the 
 act or process of destroying ; sub- 
 version ; overthrow ; ruin ; death. 
 
 destructive ('tiv), adj. tending to, 
 or causing, destruction ; ruinous ; 
 hurtful. 
 
 destructively (-li), adj. in a destruc- 
 tive manner. 
 
 destructiveness (-nes), n. the qual- 
 ity of being destructive; a propen- 
 sity to destroy. 
 
 desudation (des-u-da'shun), n. pro- 
 fuse sweating. 
 
 desuetude (des'we-tud), n. disuse. 
 
 desultory (des'ul-to-ri), adj. passing 
 from one thing to another without 
 order or method; cursory; erratic. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
des 
 
 det 
 
 desultorily (-ri-li), adv. in a desul- 
 tory manner. 
 
 desultoriness (-ri-nes), n. the qual- 
 ity of being desultory ; discursive- 
 ness. 
 
 detach (de-tack'), v.t. to disconnect; 
 detail for a specific purpose ; send 
 away from. 
 
 detachment ('ment), n. the act of 
 detaching ; the thing detached ; a 
 body of troops, or certain ships, de- 
 tached from the main body and sent 
 on special service. 
 
 detail (de-tal'), v.t. to relate minute- 
 ly ; enumerate ; tell off for a given 
 duty : v.i. to give details of : n. an 
 item ; a particular or minute ac- 
 count ; a small detachment for spe- 
 cial service : pi. minute parts of a 
 picture, statue, &c. 
 
 detain (de-tan'), v.t. to hold back; 
 restrain from departure ; retain in 
 custody. 
 
 detainer ('er), n. one who detains ; 
 a writ for holding a person in cus- 
 tody. 
 
 detainment ('ment), n. detention. 
 
 detect (de-tekt'), v.t. to discover; 
 bring to light ; expose ; find out ; as- 
 certain the character of. 
 
 detectable (-tek'ta-bl), adj. that may 
 be detected. Also detectible. 
 
 detection ('shun), n. the act of de- 
 tecting or its result ; discovery. 
 
 detective ('tiv), adj. employed in de- 
 tecting ; pertaining to detectives, or 
 detection : n. one whose business it is 
 to trace wrong-doers. 
 
 detector ('ter),, n. one who, or that 
 which, detects'; an apparatus or de- 
 vice for indicating the presence of 
 ' anything. 
 
 detent (de-tent'), n. a pin, lever, or 
 stud forming a stop in a clock, lock, 
 &c. 
 
 detention (-ten'shun), n. the act of 
 detaining or withholding ; restraint ; 
 delay. 
 
 detentive ('tiv), adj. employed in 
 detaining. 
 
 deter (de-ter'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
 terred, p.pr. deterring], to dis- 
 courage, or hinder, by fear ; re- 
 strain ; dishearten. 
 
 deterge (-terj'), v.t. to cleanse, as a 
 wound. 
 
 deteriorate (-te'ri-o-rat), v.t. to re- 
 duce to an inferior quality or value ; 
 impair : v.i. to grow worse. 
 
 deterioration (-ra'shun), n. degen- 
 eracy. 
 
 determinable (-ter'mi-na-bl), adj. 
 capable of being definitely ascer- 
 tained ; defined with clearness ; ter- 
 minable. 
 
 determinant ('mi-nant), adj. caus- 
 ing determination : n. that which 
 determines, decides, or establishes 
 something. 
 
 determinate ('mi-nat), adj. having 
 definite or fixed limits ; clearly de- 
 fined ; specific. 
 
 determination (-na'shun), n. the 
 act of determining ; purpose ; reso- 
 lution. 
 
 determinative ('min-a-tiv), adj. de- 
 termining, limiting, or defining ; 
 tending to define the genus or 
 species : n. that which serves to de- 
 termine the quality or character of 
 something else ; a demonstrative 
 pronoun ; an ideograph. 
 
 determine (de-ter'min), v.i. to de- 
 cide ; end : v.t. to fix or settle the 
 bounds of ; put an end to ; restrict. 
 
 determined ('mind), p.adj. reso- 
 lute ; inflexible ; fixed ; circum- 
 scribed ; limited. 
 
 determinedly (-li), adv. resolutely. 
 
 deterrent (-ter'ent), adj. serving, or 
 tending, to deter : n. that which 
 deters. 
 
 detest (-test'), v.t. to hate intense- 
 ly. 
 
 detestation (de-tes- or det-es-ta'- 
 shun), n. extreme dislike or abhor- 
 rence ; loathing. 
 
 dethrone (-thron'). v.t. to remove 
 from a throne ; deprive of authority. 
 
 detinue (det'i-nu.), n. a writ for the 
 recovery of chattels unlawfully de- 
 tained. 
 
 detonate (det'o-nat), v.t. to cause 
 to explode with a loud and sudden 
 report : v.i. to explode loudly and 
 suddenly. 
 
 detonation (-o-na'shun), n. a sud- 
 den explosion with a loud report. 
 
 detonator ('o-na-ter), n. a sub- 
 stance that detonates ; a percussion- 
 cap. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, £7ien. 
 
det 
 
 detour (de-toor'), n. a circuitous 
 way. 
 
 detract (-trakt'), v.t. to draw or 
 take away (with from) : v.i. take 
 away the reputation. 
 
 detraction (-trak'shun), n. depre- 
 ciation ;• defamation ; slander. 
 
 detractor ('ter), n. one who de- 
 tracts ; a muscle that draws away 
 some part. 
 
 detrain (de-tran'), v.t. to remove 
 from a train, as troops : v.i. alight 
 from a train. 
 
 detriment (det'ri-ment), n. that 
 which injures, reduces in value, or 
 causes damage. 
 
 detrimental ('al), adj. injurious. 
 
 detrimentally ('al-li), adv. inju- 
 riously. 
 
 detrital (de-tri'tal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or consisting of, detritus. 
 
 detritus ('tus), n. accumulations 
 arising from fragments of rocks 
 broken off or worn away ; debris ; 
 waste. 
 
 de trop (de tro'), too much; out of 
 place ; not wanted : said of a per- 
 son whose presence is not desired. 
 
 deuce (dus), n. the devil ! ; a card or 
 dice with two spots ; a term used in 
 scoring at lawn tennis. 
 
 deuce-ace ('as), n. the one and two 
 thrown at dice. 
 
 deutoplasm ( du'to-plazm ) , n. the 
 secondary or nutritive plasm or albu- 
 minous part of the yolk, which pro- 
 vides food for the embryo. 
 
 Deutzia (dut'zi-a), n. a small genus 
 of handsome Chinese and Japanese 
 shrubs. 
 
 dev (dav), n. one of the high powers 
 or gods in nature. Also deva. 
 
 devachan (da'va-kan), n. in occult- 
 ism, a state into which the higher 
 spiritual life of man passes after 
 death. 
 
 devachanee (-e'), n. one who is in 
 the enjoyment of the devachan. 
 
 devaporation (de-vap-o-ra'shun), n. 
 the change of vapor into water. 
 
 devastate (dev'as-tat), v.t. to lay 
 waste ; desolate ; ravage ; plunder. 
 
 devastation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
 of devastating ; desolation ; waste ; 
 destruction. 
 
 dev 
 
 devastator ('as-ta-ter), n. one who 
 devastates. 
 
 develop (de-vel'op), v.t. to unfold 
 gradually; make known in detail; 
 complete ; to cause to go from a 
 lower to a higher state ; bring to 
 view by inducing changes on a sen- 
 sitized plate : v.i. to advance from 
 one stage to another : become grad- 
 ually apparent. 
 
 development (-ment), n. the act of 
 developing. 
 
 developmental (-kl),adj. pertaining 
 to development. 
 
 devest (de-vest'), v.t. to alienate or 
 annul, as right or title : v.i. to be 
 lost or alienated. 
 
 deviate (de'vi-at), v.i. to turn aside 
 from a certain course ; diverge ; err : 
 v.t. to change the direction or posi- 
 tion of. 
 
 deviation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
 deviating ; digression ; wandering ; 
 variation from established rule ; er- 
 ror. 
 
 de viator (-ter), n. one who deviates. 
 
 device (de-vis'), n. a contrivance; 
 invention ; a stratagem ; a fanciful 
 design or pattern ; a heraldic em- 
 blem. 
 
 devil (dev'l), n. the Evil Spirit, Sa- 
 tan ; a fallen angel ; a false god or 
 demon ; a very wicked person ; a 
 bold dashing fellow ; a malicious 
 spirit in a person ; a printer's ap- 
 prentice ; a machine for dividing 
 rags or cotton in paper-making : v.t. 
 to season highly with cayenne pep- 
 per cold v cooked meat and then to 
 fry it; prepare work for another; 
 tear up in a machine. 
 
 devil-fish (-fish), n. a large species 
 of octopus. 
 
 devilish (-ish), adj. diabolical; ex- 
 tremely wicked ; infernal ; excessive. 
 
 devilishly (-li), adv. diabolically; 
 excessively. 
 
 devilkin (-kin), n. a little devil. 
 
 devilment (-ment), n. roguishness. 
 devilry (-ri), malicious mischief; dia- 
 bolical wickedness. 
 
 devious (de'vi-us), adj. rambling; 
 circuitous. 
 
 devisable (-vis'a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being imagined or bequeathed. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dev 
 
 dia 
 
 devise (-viz') , v.t. to imagine ; 
 scheme ; contrive ; concoct ; bequeath 
 by will : ». a gift of real property 
 by will ; a will. 
 
 devisee (dev-i-ze'), n. the person to 
 whom a bequest has been made. 
 
 deviser (de-viz'er), n. one who de- 
 vises or invents. 
 
 devisor ('er), n. one who bequeaths 
 by will. 
 
 devoid (-void'), adj. destitute of. 
 
 devoir (dev- war'), n. a service or 
 duty owed ; an act of courtesy or 
 respect (usual pi.). 
 
 devolve (de-volv'), v.t. to transfer 
 from one to another ; transmit : v.i. 
 to be transferred or transmitted. 
 
 devote (de-vof), v.t. to dedicate or 
 consecrate ; consign to evil ; give up 
 wholly to; apply (one's self, &c.) to 
 some object. 
 
 devotee (dev-o-te'), n. a votary; en- 
 thusiast. 
 
 devotion (de-vo'shun), n. the act of 
 devoting or consecrating; the state 
 of being devoted ; strong affection ; 
 ardent love ; religious worship ; 
 prayer (usually pi.). 
 
 devotional (-al), adj. devout. 
 
 devour (de-vour'), v.t. to swallow 
 
 §reedily or ravenously ; consume or 
 estroy rapidly; annihilate; enjoy 
 with avidity. 
 
 devout (-vout'), adj. devoted to re- 
 ligious thoughts and exercises ; 
 heartfelt. 
 
 dew (du), n. aqueous vapor con- 
 densed from the atmosphere and de- 
 posited in small drops at evening ; 
 that which falls lightly and in a re- 
 freshing manner. 
 
 dew-claw ('claw), n. the little claw 
 behind a dog's foot; the false hoof 
 of a deer. 
 
 dewiness (du'i-nes), n. state of being 
 dewy. 
 
 dewlap ('lap), n. the loose skin that 
 hangs from the neck of an ox or 
 cow. 
 
 dewy (dii'i), adj. moist with dew. 
 
 dexter (deks'ter), adj. right: opposed 
 to left. 
 
 dexterity ('i-ti), n. manual skill; 
 mental or physical adroitness; clev- 
 erness. 
 
 dexterous (-us), adj. possessing 
 
 manual skill ; quick, mentally or 
 physically; adroit; clever. Also 
 dextrous. 
 
 dextrine ('trin), n. a white gummy 
 substance found in plant sap, &c. : 
 used as gum. 
 
 dextrose ('tros), n. a white crystal- 
 line variety of sugar found in sweet 
 fruits : as the grape, cherry, &c, and 
 in diabetic urine. 
 
 dey (da), n. the former title of the 
 governor of Algiers, and of the chief 
 of the Janissaries. 
 
 diabase (dl'a-bas), n. a dark colored 
 igneous rock ; composed of augite, 
 feldspar, and iron ; greenstone. 
 
 diabetes (-a-be'tez), n. a disease 
 characterized ■ by a morbid and ex- 
 cessive discharge of urine. 
 
 diabetic (-bet'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 diabetes. 
 
 diabolic (di-a-bol'ik), or diabolic- 
 al (-al), adj. devilish; outrageously 
 wicked ; impious. 
 
 diabolically (-li), adv. in a diabol- 
 ical manner. 
 
 diacaustic (-a-kaws'tik), adj. denot- 
 ing a caustic curve formed by re- 
 fracted rays : n. a diacaustic curve. 
 
 diaconal (-ak'6-nal), adj. pertaining 
 to a deacon. 
 
 diaconate (-ak'o-nat), n. the office 
 or dignity of a deacon; deacons col- 
 lectively. 
 
 diacoustics di-a-kous' or -koos'- 
 tiks), n.pl. the science of refracted 
 sounds ; diaphonics. 
 
 diacritical (-krit'i-kal), adj. serving 
 to separate or distinguish ; sufficient 
 to magnetize an iron core to one- 
 holi its saturation. Also diacritic. 
 
 diacritical mark (mark), n. a mark 
 employed to distinguish letters or 
 sounds which resemble each other, 
 and to indicate their "true pronun- 
 ciation, as a, o. 
 
 diadem ('a-dem), n. a crown; tiara. 
 
 diaeresis, same as dieresis. 
 
 diaglyphic (-glif'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or like, an intaglio : sunk into the 
 general surface. 
 
 diagnose (-ag-nos'), v.t. to ascer- 
 tain, as a disease, by its general 
 symptoms. 
 
 diagnosis (-no'sis), n. [pi. diagnoses 
 ( 'sez ) ] , scientific discrimination ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dia 
 
 dia 
 
 the recognition of a disease by its 
 symptoms. 
 
 diagnostic (-nos'tik), adj. char- 
 acteristic : n. a symptom distinguish- 
 ing a disease. 
 
 diagometer (-gom'e-ter), n. a kind 
 of electroscope for measuring and 
 determining relative conductivity. 
 
 diagonal (-ag'o-nal), adj. extending 
 from one angle to another : n. a 
 straight oblique line dividing a rec- 
 tangular figure into equal parts. 
 
 diagonally (-li), adv. in a diagonal 
 manner. 
 
 diagram ('a-gram), n. sl geometrical 
 figure ; a mechanical plan ; an out- 
 line, drawing, or figure. 
 
 diagrammatic (-at'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or illustrated by, a diagram. 
 
 diagrammatically (-al-li), adv. by 
 a diagram. 
 
 dia graph, ('a-graf), n, an instrument 
 for drawing figures or objects me- 
 chanically. 
 
 dial (dl'al), n. an instrument for 
 showing the time by the sun's shad- 
 ow ; the face of a timepiece ; any 
 plate on which an index finger 
 marks revolutions, pressure, &c. ; 
 an insulated fixed wheel used in 
 telegraphy : v.t. to measure or in- 
 dicate by a dial; survey with a 
 miner's compass. 
 
 dialect ('a-lekt), n. the peculiar 
 manner in which a language is 
 spoken in a province or district of 
 a country ; idiom ; a sub-division of 
 a language. 
 
 dialectic ('ik), adj. pertaining to a 
 dialect, or to logic. Also dialectical. 
 
 dialectics ('iks), n.pl. the art of rea- 
 soning. 
 
 dialectician (-tish'an), n. a logician. 
 
 dialectology (-tol'o-ji), n. that 
 branch of philology which treats of 
 dialects. 
 
 dialing ('al-ing), n. the art of con- 
 structing dials. 
 
 dialogue ('a-log), n. a conversation 
 between two or more persons; a 
 literary composition in which per- 
 sons are represented as reasoning 
 on, or discussing, a subject. 
 
 dialysis (-al'i-sis), n. the breaking 
 up, or division, of one syllable into 
 two ; in Latin grammar, the change 
 
 
 of j and v into i and u; the separa- 
 tion of different substances in solu- 
 tion by diffusion through a moist 
 ^membrane or septum. 
 
 diamagnetism (-mag'net-izm), n. 
 the property possessed by certain 
 bodies when under the influence of 
 magnetism, and freely suspended, of 
 taking a position at right angles to 
 the magnetic meridian. 
 
 diameter (di-am'e-ter), n. the length 
 of a line passing through the center 
 of any object from one side to the 
 other ; the distance through the 
 lower part of the shaft of a column. 
 
 diametrical (-a-met'ri-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to a diameter; directly 
 adverse or opposite. 
 
 diametrically (-li), adv. in a dia- 
 metrical manner. 
 
 diamond (di'a-mund), n. a gem of 
 extreme hardness and refractive 
 power : a rhomboidal figure ; a play- 
 ing card with one or more lozenge- 
 shaped figures : a glass cutter's tool ; 
 the smallest kind of type generally 
 used (see type) : adj. resembling a 
 diamond. 
 
 diamond-drill (-dril), n. a rod or 
 tube furnished at the end with dia- 
 monds for boring very hard rock. 
 
 diapason (-a-pa'zon), n. the entire 
 
 compass of a voice or instrument ; 
 
 a recognized musical standard of 
 
 pitch ; the foundation stops of an 
 
 ^organ. 
 
 diaper ('a-per), n. linen cloth woven 
 in geometric patterns ; a napkin ; 
 surface decoration of one or more 
 simple figures repeated : v.t. to varie- 
 gate or embroider ; work in diaper. 
 
 diaphane (-af'a-ne), n. the art of 
 imitating stained glass by trans- 
 parencies on plain glass. 
 
 diaphanous (-af'a-nus), adj. trans- 
 parent. 
 
 diaphantograph (-fan'to-graf), n. 
 an instrument for drawing objects 
 from their reflection on a sheet of 
 
 diaphonic, same as diacoustic. 
 
 diaphoretic (-fo-ret'ik), adj. pro- 
 ducing perspiration : n. a sudorific 
 medicine. 
 
 diaphragm ('a-fram), n. the mid- 
 riff, which divides the chest from 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
di". 
 
 did 
 
 the abdomen ; any substance that in- 
 tercepts or divides. 
 diapliylactic (-fi-lak'tik), n. a pre- 
 ventive against disease. 
 diarist ('a-rist), n. one who keeps a 
 diary. 
 
 diarrhoea (dl-a-re'a), n. a morbidly 
 persistent purging or looseness of 
 the bowels. 
 
 diary ('a-ri), n. [pi. diaries (-riz)], 
 a register of daily occurrences or 
 duties ; a book for daily memoranda. 
 
 diastase ('a-stas), n. a soluble nitrog- 
 enous ferment formed in germinat- 
 ing grain and animal fluids, and 
 having the property of converting 
 starch and dextrine into sugar. 
 
 diastole (-as'to-le), n. the rhythmical 
 expansion and dilatation of the 
 heart and arteries in beating; the 
 lengthening of a syllable naturally 
 short. 
 
 diastyle ('a-stil), n. an arrangement 
 of columns in which the interspace 
 between each measures 3 or 4 diam- 
 eters of the shaft. 
 
 diatonic (-a-ton'ik), adj. designat- 
 ing the regular tones of a key or 
 scale. 
 
 diatribe ('a-trlb), n. a continued dis- 
 course or disputation ; a strain of 
 violent abuse ; bitter criticism. 
 
 dibber (dib'er), n. an instrument 
 with a sharp steel point : used by 
 gardeners, miners, &c. 
 
 dibble (dib'l), n. a gardening tool 
 for making holes in the earth: v.t. 
 plant with a dibble: v.i. dip bait 
 gently into the water. 
 
 dice (dis), n.pl. small cubes marked 
 on the sides with one to six spots : 
 used in games of chance : v.i. to 
 play with dice : v.t. to decorate with 
 woven patterns to resemble cubes; 
 cut into cubes. 
 
 dichroism ('kro-izm), n. the proper- 
 ty by which a crystallized body ex- 
 hibits different colors according to 
 the direction of light transmitted 
 through it. 
 
 dichromism (-mizm), n. color blind- 
 ness characterized by inability to see 
 more than one of the three primary 
 colors. 
 
 dicing (di'sing) , n. gaming with dice ; 
 
 stamped leather ornamented with 
 squares. 
 
 dicker ('er), v.i. to barter or trade 
 on a small scale. 
 
 dicky (dik'i), n. [pi. dickies ('iz)]. 
 a small separate shirt front ; a seat 
 at the back of a coach ; a child's bib 
 or pinafore ; a donkey. 
 
 dicrotic (di-krot'ik), adj. having a 
 double or secondary pulse-beat. 
 
 dictate (dik'tat), v.t. declare with 
 authority ; express orally so that an- 
 other may take words down in writ- 
 ing : v.i. to speak with final author- 
 ity ; prescribe : n. an injunction ; 
 command ; a controlling principle. 
 
 dictation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
 dictating ; the thing dictated ; au- 
 thoritative utterance. 
 
 dictator ('ter), n. one who dictates; 
 one invested with absolute powers of 
 government ; an ancient Roman 
 magistrate with supreme authority, 
 appointed in times of emergency. 
 
 dictatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a dictator ; absolute ; imper- 
 ious. 
 
 dictatorially (-li), adv. in a dicta- 
 torial manner. 
 
 diction (dik'shun), n. manner of 
 speaking or expression ; choice of 
 words ; style. 
 
 dictionary (-a-ri), n. [pi. diction- 
 aries (-riz)], a book containing all, 
 or the principal, words in a lan- 
 guage, arranged alphabetically, with 
 their meanings, derivations, &c. ; a 
 lexicon ; vocabulary ; wordbook. 
 
 dictum, ('turn), n. [pi. dicta ('ta)], 
 a dogmatic or authoritative asser- 
 tion ; aphorism. 
 
 did, p.t. of do. 
 
 didactic (di-dak'tik), adj. teaching; 
 instructing ; explanatory. Also di- 
 dactical. 
 
 didactically (-al-li), adv. in a di- 
 dactic manner. 
 
 didactics ('tiks), n.pl. the art of 
 teaching. 
 
 didactyl (-dak'til), adj. having two 
 digits, as fingers or toes : n. an ani- 
 mal with only two toes on each foot. 
 
 diddle (did'l), v.t. to overreach or 
 cheat: v.i. to totter like a child; 
 trifle. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 
 D. 18 
 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
did 
 
 dif 
 
 didecahedral (di-dek-a-he'dral), adj. 
 having the form of a ten-sided prism 
 with a five-sided base. 
 
 dido (di'do), n. a caper. 
 
 didodecahedral ( -do-dek-a-he'dral ) , 
 adj. having the form of a prism with 
 12 sides and a 6-sided base. 
 
 didymous (did'i-mus), adj. growing 
 in pairs ; paired or double. 
 
 die (di), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. died, p.pr. 
 dying] , to cease to live ; expire ; 
 perish ; wither ; become extinct 
 gradually ; faint ; sink, languish 
 with pleasure. 
 
 die (di), n. [pi. dies (diz)], a small 
 cube (pi. dice, see dice) ; a piece of 
 engraved metal with a device used 
 for coining money, medals, &c. ; a 
 tool used in cutting the threads of 
 screws or bolts, &c. ; a kind of 
 knife used by envelope makers, and 
 in shoe factories : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 died, p.pr. dying], to mold, stamp, 
 cut with a die. 
 
 dielectric (dl-e-lek'trik), adj. non- 
 conducting : n. any medium, as glass, 
 &c, that transmits electric force by 
 induction. 
 
 dieresis (-er'e-sis), n. a sign (••) 
 placed over the second of two sepa- 
 rate vowels to show that each has a 
 separate sound in pronunciation, as 
 aerated ; a division in a line or 
 verse; cell-division. Also diaeresis. 
 
 diesis (di'e-sis), n. the double dagger 
 ($) used in printing; the difference 
 between a greater and less semitone. 
 
 diet (dl'et), n. solid or liquid food; 
 manner of living, with special refer- 
 ence to food ; a deliberative conven- 
 tion ; a national or legislative assem- 
 bly. 
 
 dietary (di'e-ta-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to the rules of diet : n.pl. dietaries 
 (-riz)], a certain fixed allowance of 
 food ; system of diet. 
 
 dietetic (di-e-tet'ik), adj. regulating 
 food or diet. Also dietetical : n.pl. 
 that branch of hygiene which relates 
 to rules of diet. 
 
 dieting (di'et-ing), n. the act of eat- 
 ing according to regimen. 
 
 differ (dif'er), v.i. to be dissimilar; 
 be distinguished from, or have dif- 
 ferent properties or qualities ; dis- 
 agree ; contend. 
 
 difference ('er-ens), n. the act or 
 state, of being unlike ; disparity ; 
 distinction ; controversy ; quarrel ; 
 on the Stock Exchange, the margin 
 payable on settlement : v.t . to distin- 
 guish between; discriminate; take 
 the difference of. 
 
 different ('er-ent), adj. unlike; dis- 
 tinct. 
 
 differentia (-en'shi-a), n. [pi. dif- 
 ferentiae (-e)], that which distin- 
 guishes one species from another of 
 the same genus. 
 
 differential ('shal), adj. indicating 
 a difference ; having different veloci- 
 ties. 
 
 differential calculus (kal'ku-lus), 
 n. the method of finding an infinite- 
 ly small quantity which shall equal 
 a given quantity when taken in- 
 finite times. 
 
 differential duties (du/tiz), n.pl. 
 duties levied unequally on similar 
 produce from foreign countries. 
 
 differentially (-li), adv. in a differ- 
 ential manner. 
 
 differentiate (-en'shi-at), v.t. to 
 constitute a difference between ; 
 specialize in structure or functions : 
 v.i. to acquire a distinctive and sepa- 
 rate character. 
 
 differentiation (-a'shun), n. the act 
 of differentiating ; specialization. 
 
 difficult ('i-kult), adj. not easy; 
 arduous; perplexing; not easily 
 managed. 
 
 difficulty (-kul-ti), n. [pi. difficulties 
 (-tiz)], something that requires la- 
 bor or skill to overcome ; scruple ; 
 objection ; controversy : pi. compli- 
 cation of affairs ; embarrassment ; 
 perplexity. 
 
 diffidence ('i-dens), n. lack of self- 
 reliance ; modest reserve. 
 
 diffident ('i-dent), adj. lacking self- 
 reliance ; shy ; modest. 
 
 diffraction (dif-rak' or di-frak'shun), 
 n. the act of turning aside a ray of 
 light when passing the edge of an 
 opaque body. 
 
 diffract! ve ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
 diffraction. 
 
 diffuse (dif-uz'), v.t. to pour out and 
 spread all around ; scatter ; circu- 
 late : adj. (dif-us') widely spread; 
 verbose ; redundant. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dif 
 
 di! 
 
 diffusibility (-i-bil'i-ti), n. the ca- 
 pability of being diffused. 
 
 diffusible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing diffused. 
 
 diffusion (dif-u'zhun), n. the act of 
 diffusing ; a spreading abroad ; the 
 passing by osmosis through animal 
 membranes. 
 
 diffusive (-us'iv), adj. capable of dif- 
 fusing ; spreading every way ; wide- 
 ly reaching. 
 
 dig (dig), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dug, or 
 digged; p.pr. digging], to work with 
 a spade ; cast up earth ; study hard : 
 v.t. to excavate ; break up (ground) ; 
 search; thrust or force in (with 
 into) : n. a poke or thrust; a plod- 
 ding student. 
 
 digest (dl'jest), n. any compilation, 
 abridgment, or summary of laws ar- 
 ranged methodically under proper 
 heads, or titles ; the Pandects of the 
 Emperor Justinian ; a synopsis : v.t. 
 (di-jest') to arrange methodically un- 
 der proper heads or titles ; classify ; 
 dissolve in the stomach by the action 
 of digestive juices ; think over and 
 arrange in the mind ; soften and pre- 
 pare by heat : v.i. to be digested, or 
 prepared by heat. 
 
 digester ('er), n. an apparatus for 
 extracting the essence of a substance 
 by heat. 
 
 digestibility (-jes-ti-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being digestible. 
 
 digestible ('ti-bl), adj. capable of 
 being digested. 
 
 digestion (-jes'chun), n. the act of 
 digesting ; the conversion of food by 
 the action of the gastric juices into 
 soluble products ; mental or physical 
 assimilation. 
 
 digestive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
 digestion. 
 
 digger (dig'er), n. one who digs. 
 
 Digger, n. a name of a class of Cali- 
 fornian Indians who subsist chiefly 
 on roots. 
 
 digging ('ing), n. the act of excavat- 
 ing : pi. a locality where mining op- 
 erations, especially for gold, are car- 
 ried on ; residence. 
 
 digit (dij'it), n. a finger or toe; a 
 measure (% inch) ; l-12th of the di- 
 ameter of the sun or moon ; any one 
 of the Arabic numerals. 
 
 digital ('i-tal), adj. pertaining to a 
 digit. 
 
 digitalin ('i-tal-in), n. a poisonous 
 crystalline alkaloid obtained from 
 the leaves of the foxglove. 
 
 Digitalis (-i-ta'lis), n. a genus of tall 
 plants, the figworts, including the 
 foxglove. 
 
 digitate ('i-tat), adj. finger-shaped. 
 
 digitigrade ('i-ti-grad), adj. walk- 
 ing on the toes, as cats, dogs, &c. 
 
 dignified (dig'ni-fld), adj. invested, 
 or marked, with dignity ; noble ; 
 stately. 
 
 dignify ('ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. 8? p.p. dig- 
 nified, p.pr. dignifying], to invest 
 with, or exalt in, dignity or rank: 
 confer honor upon ; elevate ; ennoble. 
 
 dignitary (-ta-ri), n. [pi. dignitaries 
 (-riz)], one who holds a position of 
 dignity or honor ; an ecclesiastic who 
 holds rank above a priest or canon. 
 
 dignity ('ni-ti), n. [pi. dignities 
 (-tiz)], elevation of rank; degree of 
 excellence ; ^ moral worth ; qualities 
 suited to inspire or command re- 
 spect and reverence. 
 
 digraph (di'graf), n. combination of 
 two sounds or characters to repre- 
 sent one simple sound, as reed. Also 
 digram. 
 
 digress (di- or di-gres'), v.i. to turn 
 aside ; deviate from the main sub- 
 ject or line of argument ; wander. 
 
 digression (-gresh'un), n. the act of 
 digressing ; the angular distance of 
 the planets Mercury and Venus from 
 the sun. 
 
 digressive (-gres'iv), adj. character- 
 ized by digression. 
 
 digressively (-li), adv. in a digres- 
 sive manner. 
 
 dihedral (-he'dral), adj. having two 
 plane faces or sides. 
 
 dike (dik), n. an embankment or cut- 
 ting of earth, especially one thrown 
 up as a protection against the sea, 
 floods, &c. ; a mass of igneous intru- 
 sive rock. Also dyke : v.t. to sur- 
 round, protect, or inclose with a 
 dike ; drain by ditching. 
 
 dilapidate (di-lap'i-dat ),•?;.£. to bring 
 into partial ruin by neglect or mis- 
 use : v.i. to become dilapidated. 
 
 dilapidation ('i-da'shun), n. a state 
 
 ate, arm. 
 
 :, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
an 
 
 din 
 
 of partial ruin, especially through 
 neglect or misuse. 
 
 dilatability (di- or di-la-ta-bil'i-ti), 
 n. the quality of being dilatable. 
 
 dilatable (-lat'a-bl), adj. expansive. 
 
 dilatation (-ta'shun), n. expansion. 
 
 dilate (-lat'), v.t. to enlarge or ex- 
 pand in all directions ; distend : v.i. 
 to be extended or enlarged ; speak 
 fully and copiously. 
 
 dilator ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, dilates ; a surgical instrument 
 for opening or expanding an orifice, 
 &c. ; a^ muscle that dilates the parts 
 on which it acts. 
 
 dilatory (dil'a-to-ri), adj. causing, or 
 tending to cause, delay ; slow ; inac- 
 tive. 
 
 dilemma (di- or di-lem'a), n. 0,n 
 awkward or vexatious situation; an 
 argument which presents an antag- 
 onist with alternatives, each of which 
 is fatal to his cause. 
 
 dilettante (-e-tan'te), n. [pi. dilet- 
 tanti (-ti)], one who pursues the 
 fine arts, literature, or science, only 
 for amusement ; an amateur : op- 
 posed to connoisseur : adj. pertain- 
 ing to dilettanti, or dilettantism. 
 
 dilettantism ('tizm), n. the charac- 
 teristics of dilettanti ; amateurish 
 pursuit of art, literature, &c. (used 
 in a disparaging sense). 
 
 diligence ('i-jens), n. careful atten- 
 tion ; assiduity ; industry ; a French 
 stage-coach ( de-la-zhans' ) . 
 
 dill (dil), n. an herb belonging to the 
 parsley family, with an aromatic 
 fruit. 
 
 dilly-dally (dil'i-dal'i), v.i. [p.t. & 
 p.p. -dallied, p.pr. -dallying], to loi- 
 ter ; trifle. 
 
 dilute (di- or di-lut'), v.t. to thin or 
 weaken by the admixture of another 
 fluid, especially water : weaken : v.i. 
 to become thinner. 
 
 dilution (-lu'shun), n. the act of di- 
 luting ; a weak liquid. 
 
 diluvial (-lu'vi-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, produced by, or resulting from, a 
 deluge or flood. 
 
 dim (dim), adj. [comp. dimmer, su- 
 perl. dimmest], somewhat dark; 
 hazy ; obscure ; faint ; tarnished ; ill- 
 defined: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dimmed, 
 p.pr. dimming], to render obscure or 
 
 less distinct; cloud; tarnish; dull: 
 v.i. to become dim ; fade. 
 
 dime (dim), n. a silver coin = l-10tti 
 of a dollar, or ten cents : adj. of the 
 value of a dime. 
 
 dime novel (nov'el), n. a term ap- 
 plied to cheap sensational literature. 
 
 dimension (di-men'shun), n. the size 
 or measured extent of a body ; cubic 
 capacity; the literal factor of an 
 algebraic product or term : pi. mag- 
 nitude or importance. 
 
 dimensional (-al), pertaining to di- 
 mension. 
 
 diminish (di-min'ish), v.t. to make 
 less ; reduce in bulk or amount ; 
 weaken ; impair ; detract from ; re- 
 duce by a semitone : v.i. to lessen ; 
 dwindle. 
 
 diminution (dim-i-nu'shun), n. the 
 act of making less ; reduction ; les- 
 sening. 
 
 diminutive (di-min'u-tiv), adj. be- 
 low the average size ; little ; con- 
 tracted ; narrow : n. a word formed 
 from another to express the sense of 
 littleness. 
 
 dimissory (dim'is-o-ri), adj. sending 
 to the jurisdiction of another ; giv- 
 ing leave to depart. 
 
 dimity ('i-ti), n. [pi. dimities (-tiz)], 
 a cotton cloth of thick texture with 
 a ridged surface. 
 
 dimorphism (di-mor'fizm), n. the 
 quality of assuming, crystallizing, or 
 existing in, two forms. 
 
 dimorphous ('fus), adj. existing in 
 two forms. Also dimorphic. 
 
 dimple (dim'pl), n. a small depres- 
 sion or hollow in the cheek or chin ; 
 an indentation : v.i. to form dim- 
 ples ; sink in slight depressions : v.t. 
 to mark with dimples. 
 
 dimply ( 'pli ) , adj. full of, or marked 
 with, dimples. Also dimpled. 
 
 din (din), n. a continued and violent 
 noise : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dinned, p.pr. 
 dinning], to stun with noise; press 
 with clamor or persistent repetition : 
 v.i. make a clamor. 
 
 dine (din), v.i. to take dinner: v.t. to 
 give or provide a dinner for ; feed. 
 
 ding (ding), v.i. to sound, as a bell, 
 with a continuous monotonous tone : 
 v.t. to impress by noisy repetition. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
din 
 
 dir 
 
 ding-dong ('dong), n. the sound of 
 a metallic body produced by blows, 
 as a bell. 
 
 dinghy (ding'ji), n. the smallest boat 
 of a man-of-war ; an East Indian 
 ferry-boat ; a small boat without 
 ^outriggers. Dinghey, dingy. 
 
 dingily (-li), adv. in a dingy manner. 
 
 dingle (ding'gl), n. a narrow hollow 
 between hills ; the enclosed weather- 
 porch of a house. 
 
 dingle-dangle (-dang'gl) ,adv. swing- 
 ing backwards and forwards ; loose- 
 ly pendent. 
 
 dingo (ding'go), n. the Australian 
 wild dog. 
 
 dingy (din'ji), adj. dark-colored; 
 dirty. 
 
 dinner ('er), n. the chief meal of the 
 day ; a dinner party. 
 
 dint (dint), n. a mark left by a blow 
 or pressure; force or power (with 
 ^of) : v.t. to make a mark on or in. 
 
 diocesan ( di-os'e-san, or di'6-se-san), 
 adj. of, or pertaining to, a diocese : 
 n. a bishop. 
 
 diocese ('o-ses), n. [pi. dioceses (-se- 
 sez) ], a bishop's see ; a bishopric. 
 
 dioptase (-op'tas), n. a vitreous em- 
 erald green ore of copper. 
 
 dioptric ('trik), adj. assisting vision 
 by means of the refraction of light 
 in viewing distant objects. Also 
 dioptrical. 
 
 diorama (-ra'ma), n. an exhibition 
 of pictures on movable screens, 
 viewed through a large opening in a 
 darkened room. 
 
 diorite (-rit), 11. a granite-like rock 
 consisting of triclinic feldspar and 
 hornblende. 
 
 diosmose (-os'mos), n. the mingling 
 of fluids through a permeable mem- 
 brane. Also diosmosis. 
 
 dioxide (-oks'id), n. an oxide con- 
 sisting of 2 atoms of oxygen and 1 
 atom of a metal. 
 
 dip (dip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dipped, 
 dipt, p.pr. dipping], to plunge for a 
 short time into a fluid ; baptize by 
 immersion ; lower and raise quickly : 
 v.i. to immerse one's self ; enter 
 slightly into anything ; incline down- 
 wards ; sink : n. the act of dipping ; 
 the inclination of the magnetic nee- 
 dle, or the angle made by it; the 
 
 angle of inclination of strata to the 
 horizon. 
 
 diphtheria (dif- or dip-the'ri-a), n. 
 a contagious throat-disease charac- 
 terized by the formation of a false 
 membrane in the air-passages. Also 
 diphtheritis. 
 
 diphthong ('th6ng), n. the union of 
 two vowel sounds pronounced in one 
 syllable. 
 
 diploma (di-plo'ma), n. a writing on 
 parchment or paper under sign and 
 seal, conferring some honor, author- 
 ity, &c. 
 
 diplomacy ('ma-si, or -plom'a-si), w, 
 [pi. diplomacies (-siz)], the art of 
 conducting negotiations between two 
 states or nations, or of transacting 
 international business ; skill in con- 
 ducting negotiations. 
 
 diplomat (dip'lo-mat), n. a diplo- 
 matist. 
 
 diplomatic (-mat'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to diplomacy ; characterized by 
 special tact in the management of 
 'affairs. 
 
 diplomatically (-al-li), adv. with 
 diplomatic skill ; with tact. 
 
 diplomatist ('ma-tist), n. one who 
 is skilled in diplomacy. 
 
 dipper (dip'er), n. one who, or that 
 which, dips; a water-fowl. 
 
 dipsomania (-so-ma'ni-a), n. sl mor- 
 bid and uncontrollable craving for 
 alcoholic drinks. 
 
 dipsomaniac ('ni-ak), n. one who 
 suffers from dipsomania : adj. pert, 
 to dipsomania. 
 
 dipteral ('te-ral) , adj. furnished with 
 a double row of columns, as in tem- 
 ples ; dipterous. 
 
 dipterous ('te-rus), adj. two-winged. 
 
 dire (dir), adj. dreadful; mournful. 
 
 direct (di-rekt'), adj. straight; not 
 circuitous ; open ; plain ; straightfor- 
 ward ; not of collateral descent ; not 
 retrograde : v.t. to aim or drive in a 
 straight line ; guide or show ; point 
 out or determine with authority : v.i. 
 to act as a guide. 
 
 direction (-rek'shun), n. relative po- 
 sition ; a command ; order ; guid- 
 ance ; the address of a person on a 
 package, &c. 
 
 directly ('li), adv. in a direct or 
 straight line ; immediately ; openly. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
dir 
 
 dis 
 
 directness ('nes), n. the quality of 
 being direct; freedom from ambigu- 
 ity. 
 
 director ('ter), n. one who directs 
 or superintends ; one appointed to 
 transact the affairs of a company, 
 &c. ; a spiritual guide or adviser ; a 
 surgical instrument. 
 
 directorate ('to-rat), n. the office of 
 a director ; a body or board of direc- 
 tors. 
 
 directory ('to-ri), n. [pi. directories 
 (-riz)], a book containing the 
 names, addresses, and occupations 
 of the residents of a place ; a body 
 of directors ; a book of ecclesiastical 
 rules or directions for divine wor- 
 ship : adj. guiding ; commanding. 
 
 direful (dir'fool), adj. dreadful; dis- 
 mal. 
 
 direfully (-li), adv. in a dire man- 
 ner. 
 
 dirge (derj), n. a funeral hymn. 
 
 dirigible (dir'i-ji-ble), adj. that may 
 be guided or steered : as, a dirigible 
 balloon. 
 
 dirk (derk), n. a dagger. 
 
 dirt (dert), n. any foul or filthy sub- 
 stance ; garden earth. 
 
 dirtily ('ti-li), adv. filthily; meanly. 
 
 dirtiness (-nes), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being dirty. 
 
 dirty ('i), adj. impure; soiled; mor- 
 ally unclean ; disgusting ; muddy ; 
 sleety ; rainy : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dir- 
 tied, p.pr. dirtying], to soil; sully; 
 tarnish. 
 
 dis-, prefiv, signifies separation, pri- 
 vation or negation. 
 
 disability (dis-a-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. dis- 
 abilities (-tiz)], lack of physical, 
 intellectual, or social fitness; legal 
 incapacity. 
 
 disable (-a'bl), v.t. to deprive of 
 power ; disqualify ; impoverish ; in- 
 capacitate. 
 
 disabuse (-buz'), v.t. to clear from 
 mistakes or false conceptions ; set 
 right. 
 
 disaffect (-a-fekf), v.t. to fill with 
 discontent ; alienate the affections 
 from ; disturb the functions of. 
 
 disaffection (-fek'shun), n. aliena- 
 tion of affect : on ; disloyalty ; ill-will. 
 
 disagreeable ('a-bl), adj. exciting 
 repugnance or displeasure : n. that 
 
 which is displeasing or unsatisfac- 
 tory. 
 
 disagreeableness (-bl-nes), n. un- 
 pleasantness. 
 
 disagreeably (-bli), adv. in a disa- 
 greeable manner. 
 
 disappear (-a-per'), v.t. to pass 
 away ; vanish. 
 
 disappearance ('ans), n. removal 
 from sight. 
 
 disappoint (-point'), v.t. to thwart 
 or frustrate the hopes of; fail to 
 keep an appointment with. 
 
 disappointment ('ment), n. defeat 
 or failure of expectation; state of 
 depression caused by failure, &c. 
 
 disarm (-arm'), v.t. to deprive of 
 arms; reduce to a peace footing; 
 render harmless ; subdue. 
 
 disarmament (-arm'a-ment), n. the 
 act of disarming; reduction to a 
 peace footing. 
 
 disarray (-ra'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
 arrayed, p.pr. disarraying], throw 
 into disorder ; rout : n. negligent or 
 insufficient dress ; confusion. 
 
 disaster (-as'ter), n. a sudden or un- 
 expected misfortune ; a serious acci- 
 dent. 
 
 disastrous ('trus), adj. occasioning 
 loss or misfortune ; unfortunate ; ca- 
 lamitous. 
 
 disband (-band'), v.t. to dismiss from 
 military service ; break up : v.i. to 
 be dismissed. 
 
 disbar (-bar'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
 barred, p.pr. disbarring], to deprive 
 a lawyer of his right to practice. 
 
 disburden (-ber'dn), v.t. to remove 
 a burden from ; relieve of anything 
 annoying or oppressive : v.i. to ease 
 one's mind. 
 
 disburse (-bers'), v.t. to expend. 
 
 disbursement ('ment), n. money ex- 
 pended. 
 
 disc, another form of disk. 
 
 discard (-kard'), v.t. to cast off as 
 useless ; dismiss from service ; reject 
 as useless : v.i. in card-playing, to 
 throw out cards not required. 
 
 discern (diz-ern'), v.t. to distinguish 
 mentally, or with the eye; judge or 
 decide between : v.i. to make distinc- 
 tion. 
 
 discernible ('i-bl), adj. perceptible. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dis 
 
 dis 
 
 discernment ('ment), n. acuteness 
 in judgment ; penetration ; discrim- 
 ination. 
 
 discharge (-chiirj'), v.t. unload; dis- 
 embark ; free from any burden, im- 
 pediment, or obligation ; exonerate 
 or acquit ; free from restraint or 
 custody ; let fly ; explode ; perform 
 (a trust or duty) : v.i. to send out 
 liquid matter : n. the act of discharg- 
 ing ; that which is discharged ; an 
 explosion ; a flowing or issuing out ; 
 dismission from office or employ- 
 ment ; liberation. 
 
 disciple (di-si'pl), n. one who re- 
 ceives the teaching of another ; a 
 scholar ; a follower. 
 
 disciplinable (dis'i-plin-a-bl), adj. 
 capable of instruction, or liable to 
 disciplinary punishment. 
 
 disciplinarian (-pli-na'ri-an), adj. 
 pertaining to discipline : n. one who 
 advocates, or enforces, strict disci- 
 pline. 
 
 disciplinary ('i-plin-a-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to discipline. 
 
 discipline ('i-plin), n. mental or 
 moral training ; education ; subjec- 
 tion to control ; military regulation ; 
 chastisement ; an instrument of pun- 
 ishment : v.t. to train to obedience 
 or efficiency ; regulate ; chastise. 
 
 disclaim (-Manx'), v.t. to disown; re- 
 pudiate. 
 
 disclaimer ('er), n. disavowal; de- 
 nial. 
 
 disclose (-kloz'), v.t. to uncover; re- 
 veal. 
 
 disclosure ('ur), the act of revealing 
 anything secret ; discovery ; uncov- 
 ering. 
 
 discoid ('koid), adj. disk-shaped. 
 
 discolor (-kul'er), v.t. to change from 
 the natural color ; give a false com- 
 plexion to ; stain. 
 
 discomfit (-kum'fit), v.t. to defeat; 
 rout ; frustrate ; thwart. 
 
 discomfiture ('fi-tur) , n. defeat ; dis- 
 appointment. 
 
 discommode (-kom-od'), v.t. to in- 
 convenience. 
 
 discompose (-kom-poz'), v.t. disar- 
 range ; vex ; ruffle. 
 
 discomposure ('ur), n. agitation; 
 unrest. 
 
 disconcert (-kon-serf), v.t. to dis- 
 
 turb the composure or self-posses- 
 sion of ; frustrate. 
 
 disconsolate ('so-lat), adj. hope- 
 less ; sad. 
 
 disconsolately (-li), adv. hopeless- 
 ly; sadly. 
 
 discord ('kord), n. disagreement; a 
 confused noise ; a combination of 
 discordant sounds ; disagreement in 
 coloring or parts. 
 
 discordant ('ant), adj. at variance; 
 inharmonious ; jarring ; incongruous. 
 
 discount (dis'kount), n. a sum de- 
 ducted or allowed for prompt pay- 
 ment of an account ; a deduction 
 made according to the current rate 
 of interest: v.t. (dis-kount') to al- 
 low a discount on ; advance money, 
 deducting a certain rate per cent. ; 
 make a deduction from ; anticipate. 
 
 discourage (-kur'aj), v.t. to deprive 
 or lessen the courage of ; dishearten ; 
 deter. 
 
 discouragement ('ment), n. the act 
 of depriving of confidence; that 
 which destroys courage. ■ 
 
 discourse (-kors'), n. speech or lan- 
 guage ; conversation ; a treatise or 
 dissertation ; sermon : v.t. & v.i. to 
 talk or converse ; utter ; communi- 
 cate ideas orally. 
 
 discover (dis-kuv'er), v.t. to bring to 
 light; reveal; find (something previ- 
 ously unknown). 
 
 discovery (-i), n. [pi. discoveries 
 (-iz)], a bringing to light or mak- 
 ing known, especially for the first 
 time ; disclosure. 
 
 discreet (-kref), adj. prudent; cir- 
 cumspect. 
 
 discrepancy (-krep'an-si), n. incon- 
 sistency ; difference. Also discrep- 
 ance. 
 
 discrepant ('ant), adj. disagreeing; 
 different. 
 
 discrete (-kret'H adj. separate from 
 others ; distinct ; not continuous. 
 
 discretion (-kresh'un), n. prudence; 
 judgment ; sagacity ; skill. 
 
 discriminate (-krim'i-nat), v.t. to 
 observe or mark the differences be- 
 tween ; select : v.i. to make a differ- 
 ence or distinction. 
 
 discrimination (-i-na'shun), n. pow- 
 er of penetration; faculty of nice 
 discernment. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
dis 
 
 dia 
 
 discriminative ('i-na-tiv), adj. char- 
 acteristic. 
 
 discriminator ('i-na-ter), n. one 
 who discriminates. 
 
 discursive (-ker'siv), adj. desultory. 
 
 discursively (-li), adv. in a discur- 
 sive manner. 
 
 discursiveness (-nes), n. digression. 
 
 discuss (dis-kus'), v.t. to debate; agi- 
 tate; reason upon; test (viands). 
 
 discussion (-kush'un), n. argument; 
 debate ; ventilation of a question. 
 
 disdain (-dan'), v.t. to think unwor- 
 thy ; deem unsuitable ; look upon 
 with contempt or scorn : n. con- 
 
 • tempt ; haughty, or indignant scorn. 
 
 disdainful ('fool), adj. contemptu- 
 ous. 
 
 disdainfully (-li), adv. in a disdain- 
 ful manner. 
 
 disease (di-zez'), n. any mental, 
 moral, or physical disorder ; mal- 
 ady ; illness : v.t. to cause disease in ; 
 derange. 
 
 disembogue (dis-em-bog') , v.t. to 
 pour out or discharge at the mouth : 
 said of a river : v.i. to find a vent, 
 pass across, or out, at the mouth of 
 a river. 
 
 disembowel (-bou'el), v.t. [p.t. & 
 „ p.p. disemboweled, p.pr. disembowel- 
 ing], to deprive of bowels ; wound in 
 the abdomen, so that the bowels pro- 
 trude. 
 
 disfiguration (-fig-u-ra'shun), n. de- 
 formity. 
 
 disfigure (-fig'ur), v.t. to injure the 
 shape, form, or beauty of ; deform. 
 
 disfranchise (-fran'chiz), v.t. to de- 
 prive of electoral or municipal priv- 
 ileges, especially to withdraw the 
 power of voting in elections. 
 
 disgorge (-gorj'), v.t. to force out of 
 the mouth or stomach with violence ; 
 surrender what has been unlawfully 
 obtained ; make restitution of. 
 
 disgrace (-gras'), n. the state of be- 
 ing out of favor ; ignominy ; shame ; 
 dishonor : v.t. to bring shame, re- 
 proval, or dishonor upon ; dismiss 
 with dishonor. 
 
 disgraceful ('fool), adj. character- 
 ized by, or occasioning, disgrace. 
 
 disgracefully (-li), adv. in a dis- 
 graceful manner. 
 
 disguise (-giz'), v.t. to change the 
 
 appearance of, as by an unusual 
 dress ; counterfeit ; conceal : n. a 
 dress designed to conceal the iden- 
 tity of the wearer ; counterfeit ap- 
 pearance ; false pretense. 
 
 disgust (-gust'), v.t. to cause aver- 
 sion in, or repugnance to ; offend the 
 moral sense of : n. strong aversion 
 or repugnance. 
 
 dish, (dish), n. a broad hollow vessel 
 with a rimmed edge ; food served in 
 a dish : v.t. to put into a dish for 
 serving at table (often with up) ; 
 frustrate. 
 
 dishabille (dis-a-bil'), n. undress or 
 negligent attire. Also deshabille. 
 
 dishearten (-har'tn), v.t. to discour- 
 age. 
 
 dishevel (-shev'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 disheveled, p.pr. disheveling], to dis- 
 order (the hair) or cause it to hang 
 negligently : v.i. to be spread in dis- 
 order. 
 
 dishonor (-on'er), v.t. to deprive of 
 honor ; bring shame upon the char- 
 acter of ; lessen the reputation of ; 
 violate the chastity of ; refuse, or 
 fail, to pay (a bill or note when due 
 and presented) : n. disgrace; igno- 
 miny ; shame ; violation of dignity. 
 
 dishonorable (-a-bl), adj. discredit- 
 able ; shameful ; ignominious. 
 
 dishonorably (-li), adv. in a dishon- 
 orable manner. 
 
 disintegrate (-in'te-grat), v.t. to 
 break up into component parts by 
 mechanical or atmospheric agency : 
 v.i. separate. 
 
 disintegration (-gra'shun), n. the 
 act of disintegrating ; wearing down 
 of rocks by atmospheric influences ; 
 separation. 
 
 disjunctive (-jungk'tiv), adj. serv- 
 ing, or tending, to disjoin or sepa- 
 rate : n. a disjunctive conjunction 
 which connects grammatically two 
 words or clauses disjoined in mean- 
 ing. 
 
 disk (disk), n. an ancient quoit; a 
 flat circular plate, or anything re- 
 sembling it ; the whole surface of a 
 leaf. Also disc. 
 
 dislike (dis-lik'), n. a strong feeling 
 of repugnance or aversion ; disrel- 
 ish ; antipathy : v.t. to regard with 
 aversion ; be displeased with. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dis 
 
 dis 
 
 dislocate ('lo-kat), v.t. to put out of 
 
 joint ; interrupt the continuity of. 
 dislocation (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
 
 dislocating ; a joint put out of its 
 socket ; a displacement of stratified 
 rocks. 
 
 dislodge (-loj'), v.t. to remove or 
 drive out from a place of lodgment ; 
 drive from a hiding place or chosen 
 station. 
 
 dismal (diz'm&l), adj. gloomy; de- 
 pressing ; dark ; horrid ; sorrowful. 
 
 dismally (-li), adv. in a dismal man- 
 ner. 
 
 dismantle (dis-mant'l), v.t. to strip 
 or divest of furniture, equipment, or 
 means of defense ; raze ; demolish. 
 
 dismay (-ma'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
 mayed, p.pr. dismaying] , to terrify ; 
 dispirit ; discourage ; intimidate : n. 
 loss of courage through fear ; a con- 
 dition of terror. 
 
 dismember (-mem'ber), v.t. to cut 
 or tear limb from limb ; sever into 
 parts and distribute ; dislocate ; sev- 
 er ; divide. 
 
 dismiss (-mis'), v.t. to send away; 
 permit to depart ; discharge from of- 
 fice or employment; efface from 
 memory. 
 
 dismissal ('al), n. the act of dis- 
 missing ; removal from office, &c. 
 
 disorder (-or'der), n. want of order 
 or arrangement ; lack of system ; ir- 
 regularity ; breach of public order ; 
 riot ; mental or physical disease : v.t. 
 to throw into confusion ; disturb the 
 regular mental . or physical func- 
 tions ; derange ; ruffle. 
 
 disordered ('derd), p. adj. disorder- 
 ly ; irregular ; loose ; unruly ; dis- 
 reputable. 
 
 disorderly (-li), adj. confused; un- 
 methodical; turbulent; unruly. 
 
 disparage (-par'aj), v.t. treat with 
 contempt ; criticise unjustly ; depre- 
 ciate ; belittle. 
 
 disparagement (-ment), n. the act 
 of disparaging ; depreciation ; re- 
 proach ; disgrace (often with to). 
 
 disparity (-par'i-ti), n. [pi. dispari- 
 ties (-tiz)], inequality of rank, sta- 
 tion, degree, or excellence ; dispro- 
 portion. 
 
 dispart (-part'), n. the difference be- 
 tween the thickness of the muzzle of 
 
 a piece 6f ordnance and its breech. 
 
 dispassionate (-pash'un-at), adj. 
 free from passion ; calm ; unpreju- 
 diced ; impartial. 
 
 dispassionately (-li), adv. in a dis- 
 passionate manner. 
 
 dispatch, same as despatch. 
 
 dispel (dis-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
 pelled, p.pr. dispelling], to drive 
 away by, or as by, scattering ; dis- 
 perse; dissipate. 
 
 dispensable ( -pen'sa-bl ) , adj. that 
 for which a dispensation may be 
 granted. 
 
 dispensary ('sa-ri), n. [pi. dis- 
 pensaries (-riz)], a place where 
 medicines are kept and made up; a 
 charitable institution for providing 
 the poor with medical advice and 
 medicines. 
 
 dispensation (-sa'shun), n. the act 
 of dispensing ; distribution ; that 
 which is appointed or bestowed by a 
 higher power ; the particular way by 
 which, at different periods, God has 
 made known His dealings with man- 
 kind ; the suspending of a rule or 
 law in some particular case ; a li- 
 cense granted from the pope, or by 
 a bishop. 
 
 dispense (dis-pens'), v.t. to deal out 
 in portions ; distribute ; give forth 
 effusively; excuse.: v.t. to give dis- 
 pensation ; distribute medicines. 
 
 dispermous (di-sper'mus), adj. two- 
 seeded. 
 
 disperse (dis-pers'), v.t. to scatter 
 in different directions or parts ; dif- 
 fuse ; spread ; cause to vanish : v.i. 
 to separate ; go to different parts ; 
 vanish out of sight. 
 
 dispersion (-per'shun), n. the act of 
 dispersing; the separation of light 
 into different colored rays in passing 
 through a prism. 
 
 dispersive ('siv), adj. tending to dis- 
 perse. 
 
 dispirit (-pir'it), v.t. to depress the 
 spirits of ; dishearten ; render cheer- 
 less. 
 
 displace (-plas'), v.t. to put out of 
 place; disorder; depose from office 
 or dignity. 
 
 displacement ('ment), n. the act of 
 displacing ; substitution ; apparent 
 change of position; the weight of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
die 
 
 dis 
 
 water displaced by a solid body im- 
 mersed in it. 
 
 display (-pla'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
 played, p.pr. displaying], to spread 
 out; unfold; exhibit; force into no- 
 tice ; manifest mentally or physical- 
 ly : v.i. to make a display. 
 
 displeasure (dis-plezh'ur), n. annoy- 
 ance ; vexation ; distaste ; pique. 
 
 disport (-port'), v.t. to amuse or di- 
 vert (with self) ; to display gaily: 
 v.i. to play. 
 
 disposable (-poz'a-bl), adj. free to 
 be employed ; subject to disposal. 
 
 disposal ('al), n. arrangement; or- 
 der ; control ; right of bestowing. 
 
 dispose (-poz'), v.t. to place; ar- 
 range ; order ; distribute ; adapt ; in- 
 cline. 
 
 disposition (-izh'un), n. the act of 
 disposing ; order ; method ; arrange- 
 ment ; tendency; natural tempera- 
 ment. 
 
 disputable ('pu-ta-bl), adj. liable to 
 be disputed; called in question. 
 
 disputant (-tant), adj. engaged in 
 controversy : n. a controversialist. 
 
 disputation (-ta'shun), n. a verbal 
 controversy ; an altercation. 
 
 disputatious ('shus), adj. conten- 
 tious. 
 
 dispute* (dis-ptit'), v.i. to debate; 
 argue : v.t. contend for by words or 
 actions ; express doubt of ; contro- 
 vert : n. a controversy ; altercation ; 
 quarrel ; contest. 
 
 disquisition (-kwi-zish'un), n. a sys- 
 tematic investigation or discussion 
 of some subject ; an elaborate essay. 
 
 disrate (-rat'), v.t. to degrade or 
 lower in rank, as a petty officer. 
 
 disruption (-rup'shun), n. forcible 
 separation; breach. 
 
 disruptive ('tiv), adj. causing dis- 
 ruption. 
 
 diss (dis), n. a reedy Algerian grass. 
 
 dissect (-sekt'), v.t. to cut in pieces; 
 anatomize ; divide and examine mi- 
 nutely. 
 
 dissection (-sek'shun), n. the act of 
 dissecting or cutting in pieces for 
 critical examination ; anatomy : nice 
 examination. 
 
 dissector ('ter), n. an anatomist. 
 
 disseize (-sez'), v.t. to deprive of 
 
 seizin or possession ; dispossess un- 
 lawfully. 
 
 disseizin ('in), n. the act of unlaw- 
 fully dispossessing a person of an 
 estate. 
 
 dissemble (-sem'bl), v.t. to hide un- 
 der a false appearance ; give the 
 semblance of something else to : v.i. 
 to act the hypocrite. 
 
 dissembling (sem'bling), n. dissimu- 
 lation. 
 
 disseminate (-sem'i-nat), v.t. to 
 scatter abroad, like seed ; propagate ; 
 diffuse. 
 
 disseminator ('ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, disseminates. 
 
 dissension (dis-sen'shun), n. strife; 
 disagreement ; breach of union ; va- 
 riance. 
 
 dissent (-sent'), v.i. to disagree in 
 opinion (with from) ; refuse adher- 
 ence to an Established Church : n. 
 difference of opinion ; refusal to ac- 
 knowledge or conform to an Estab- 
 lished Church. 
 
 dissenter ('er), n. a nonconformist. 
 
 dissentient ('shent), adj. dissenting: 
 n. one who disagrees. 
 
 dissenting (-sent'ing), p.adj. per- 
 taining to, or characterized by, dis- 
 sent ; separating from an Established 
 Church ; pertaining to dissenters. 
 
 dissertation (-er-ta'shun), n. a for- 
 mal argumentative discourse ; trea- 
 tise. 
 
 dissever (-sev'er), v.t. to cut in two; 
 disjoin ; divide : separate. 
 
 dissidence ('i-dens), n. disagree- 
 ment. 
 
 dissident ('i-dent), adj. not agree- 
 ing, or conforming : n. one who dis- 
 agrees, or dissents. 
 
 dissilient (-sil'i-ent), adj. springing 
 asunder, or bursting open with force. 
 
 dissimulate (-sim'u-lat), v.i. & v.t. 
 to dissemble ; feign ; disguise. 
 
 dissimulation (-la'shun), n. hypoc- 
 risy ; false pretense ; fallacious ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 dissipate ('i-pat), v.t. to scatter com- 
 pletely ; drive in different directions ; 
 squander : v.i. to engage in dissipa- 
 tion. 
 
 dissipated (-ed), p.adj. scattered; 
 dispersed ; characterized by dissipa- 
 tion. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dis 
 
 dissipation (-pa'shun), n. the act or 
 state of being dissipated ; mental dis- 
 traction ; excessive indulgence in 
 luxury, especially drink or vicious 
 pleasures. N 
 
 dissociate (-so'shi-at), v.t. to sepa- 
 rate. 
 
 dissolubility (-sol-u-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 capacity of being dissolved. 
 
 dissoluble ('ol-u-bl), adj. capable of 
 being dissolved or converted into a 
 fluid. 
 
 dissolute ('o-lut), adj. given to vice 
 or dissipation ; loose in morals or 
 conduct. 
 
 dissolution (-lu'shun), n. the act of 
 dissolving or liquefying ; separation 
 of component parts ; separation of 
 the soul from the body ; death ; a 
 breaking up of a union of persons, 
 as a society, &c. 
 
 dissolutionism (-izm), n. the social 
 theory of anarchism or nihilism. 
 
 dissolvable (diz-ol'va-bl), adj. that 
 may be dissolved. Also dissolvible. 
 
 dissolve (-olv'), v.t. to liquefy; melt; 
 terminate ; annul : v.i. to become 
 liquefied ; waste away ; separate. 
 
 dissonance ('o-nans), n. discord. 
 
 dissonant (-nant), adj. discordant. 
 
 dissuade (-wad'), v.t. to advise or 
 counsel against ; divert by argument 
 or persuasion. 
 
 dissuasion (-swa'zhun), n. the act 
 of dissuading ; advice or persuasion 
 against a purpose or action. 
 
 dissuasive ('siv), adj. tending to dis- 
 suade : n. an argument employed to 
 dissuade. 
 
 dissyllable (-sil'a-bl), n. a word of 
 two syllables. 
 
 distaff (dis'taf), n. [pi. distaffs 
 ('tafs)L the staff from which flax 
 is drawn in spinning. 
 
 distance ('tans), n. the space or in- 
 terval between two objects or 
 points ; remoteness of time, rank, re- 
 lationship or place ; interval be- 
 tween two notes ; reserve of man- 
 ner ; alienation : v.t. to place re- 
 motely ; leave behind in a race. 
 
 distant ('tint), adj. remote; re- 
 served. 
 
 distaste (-tast'), n. aversion of the 
 palate ; dislike ; disinclination. 
 
 distasteful ('fool), adj. unpleasant 
 
 dis 
 
 to the taste; expressive of dislike. 
 
 distastefully (-li), adv. in a dis- 
 tasteful manner. 
 
 distemper (-tem'per), v.t. to disor- 
 der or disease ; derange the func- 
 tions of; compound (colors) for use 
 in distemper painting : n. a disease ; 
 a catarrhal disease affecting young 
 dogs ; a method of painting in spe- 
 cially prepared opaque colors mixed 
 with a binding medium soluble in 
 water : used for mural decoration, 
 &c. 
 
 distend (-tend'), v.t. to stretch out 
 in all directions ; expand : v.i. to 
 swell. 
 
 distention (-ten'shun), n. a swelling 
 out. 
 
 distich, ('tik), n. a couplet. 
 
 distil (-til'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
 tilled, p.pr. distilling], to fall in 
 drops ; flow gently ; trickle forth ; 
 practice the art of distillation : v.t. 
 to let fall in drops ; obtain by dis- 
 tillation ; rectify. 
 
 distillate ('at), n. the product of 
 distillation found in the receiver of 
 a distilling apparatus. 
 
 distillation (-a/shun), n. the proc- 
 ess of distilling; the substance 
 drawn by the still. 
 
 distinct (-tingkf), adj. separate; 
 different ; clear ; plain ; unconf used. 
 
 distinction (-tingk'shun), n. mark 
 of difference or superiority ; emi- 
 nence of rank or conduct ; fame ; 
 discrimination. 
 
 distinctive ('tiv), adj. marking a 
 difference or distinction ; character- 
 istic; discriminating; plain. 
 
 distingue (dis-stan-ga.'), adj. dis- 
 tinguished. 
 
 distinguish, (-ting'gwish), v.t. to 
 separate from others by some mark 
 of honor or preference ; designate 
 by special characteristics ; discrim- 
 inate ; make known : v.i. to make a 
 distinction (with between). 
 
 distinguished ('gwisht), p. adj. emi- 
 nent ; celebrated ; conspicuous ; 
 noted. 
 
 distort (-tort'), v.t. to twist or turn 
 from the natural shape or figure ; 
 twist ; pervert from the true mean- 
 ing ; misrepresent. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
dis 
 
 div 
 
 distortion (-tor'shun), n. the act of 
 distorting ; perversion ; a deformity. 
 
 distract (-trakt'), v.t. to perplex; 
 harass ; confuse the mind ; bewilder ; 
 derange. 
 
 distractile ('il), adj. widely sepa- 
 rated. 
 
 distraction (-trak'shun), n. per- 
 plexity ; embarrassment ; perturba- 
 tion or mental distress ; insanity. 
 
 distractive ('tiv), adj. causing dis- 
 traction. 
 
 distrain (-tran'), v.t. to seize and 
 hold (goods or chattels) as security 
 for payment of a debt : v.i. to levy 
 a distress. 
 
 distraint (-trant'), n. the act of dis- 
 training for debt. 
 
 distrait (dis-tra'), adj. absent-mind- 
 ed. 
 
 distraught (dis-trawf), adj. bewil- 
 dered or harassed. 
 
 distress (dis-tres'), v.t. to inflict pain 
 or suffering upon ; grieve ; harass ; 
 perplex ; in law, to seize for debt : n. 
 physical or mental anguish ; the act 
 of distraining ; goods taken in dis- 
 traint. 
 
 distribute (-truVut), v.t. to deal out 
 or divide ; allot ; apportion ; arrange 
 according to classification ; dispose 
 of separately ; separate and return 
 (as types) to their respective cases. 
 
 distribution (-tri-bu'shun), n. the 
 act of distributing ; apportionment ; 
 arrangement ; classification. 
 
 distributive ('tiv), adj. pertaining 
 to distribution : n. a distributive 
 word. 
 
 district ('trikt), n. a territorial di- 
 vision ; circuit ; region or tract of 
 country. 
 
 distrust (-trust'), n. want of confi- 
 dence, faith, or reliance ; suspicion ; 
 discredit : v.t. to have no confidence 
 or trust in ; doubt ; suspect. 
 
 distrustful ('fool), adj. suspicious. 
 
 distrustfully (-li), adv. suspicious- 
 ly. 
 
 disturb (-terb'), v.t. to trouble; vex; 
 throw into confusion ; agitate ; dis- 
 place. 
 
 disturbance Cans), n. the interrup- 
 tion of a settled state ; uproar ; men- 
 tal agitation. . 
 
 distyle ('til), n. a two-columned por- 
 tico. 
 
 disulphate(di-sul'fat), n. a sulphate 
 containing one atom of hydrogen, 
 replaceable by a basic element. 
 
 disulphide ('fid), n. a sulphide in 
 which two atoms of sulphur are 
 ^contained. 
 
 ditch (dich), n. a trench cut in the 
 earth ; a moat : v.i: make a ditch : 
 v.t. surround with a ditch ; run into 
 a ditch. 
 
 ditto ('to), n. that which has been 
 said ; a duplicate : adv. as before ; 
 likewise. 
 
 ditty ('i), n. [pi. ditties ('iz)], a lit- 
 ^tle song. 
 
 diuretic (di-u-ret'ik), adj. promoting 
 the secretion and flow of urine. 
 
 diurnal ( er'nal ) , adj. pertaining to a 
 day ; daily ; performed in 24 hours ; 
 active during the day-time : n. a day- 
 book ; journal. 
 
 diurnally (-li), adv. daily. 
 
 diva (de'va), n. a prima donna. 
 
 divan (di-van'), n. a court of jus- 
 tice ; a council of state in Turkey ; 
 a council-hall ; a smoking-room ; 
 cafe ; couch. 
 
 dive (div), v.i. to plunge head fore- 
 most into water ; enter deeply into 
 any subject or question : v.t. to ex- 
 plore by diving : n. a sudden plunge 
 head foremost into water. 
 
 diverge (di-verj'), v.i. to spread out 
 from one point ; recede from. 
 
 divergence (-ver'jens), n. a receding 
 from each other ; a tending apart. 
 
 divergent ('jent), adj. tending to di- 
 verge. 
 
 divers (di'verz), adj. various; sun- 
 dry. 
 
 diverse ('vers, or di-vers'), adj. es- 
 sentially different ; dissimilar ; sep- - 
 arate. 
 
 diversification (-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 variation. 
 
 diversify (di-ver'si-fi), v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. diversified, p.pr. diversifying], 
 to make different from another ; give 
 variety to ; discriminate ; variegate. 
 
 diversion ('shun), n. variation; al- 
 teration ; pastime ; the act of di- 
 verting the attention of an enemy 
 from the real point of attack. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; b5on f 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
div 
 
 duo 
 
 divert (di- or dl-vert'), v.t. to turn 
 aside from any direction or course ; 
 draw away from ; entertain ; amuse. 
 
 divertimento (di-vert-i-men'to), n. 
 a light pleasant vocal or instru- 
 mental composition. 
 
 divertissement ('tiz-mang), n. 
 amusement ; recreation ; an entr'- 
 acte, as a ballet, &c. 
 
 divest (di-vest'), v.t. to strip or de- 
 prive of anything ; despoil ; make 
 bare. 
 
 divestiture ('i-tur), n. surrender of 
 property. 
 
 divide (di-vld'), v.t. to cut into two 
 or more parts ; separate ; keep 
 apart ; disunite by discord ; distrib- 
 ute : v.i. to be separated ; cleave ; 
 diverge ; have a share ; vote by di- 
 vision : n. a watershed. 
 
 divided skirt ('ed skert), n. a skirt 
 made so as to combine both skirt 
 and knickerbockers. 
 
 dividend (div'i-dend), n. a share of 
 the profits of a public company or 
 business ; a sum paid pro rata out 
 of a bankrupt's estate ; interest pay- 
 able on money invested in the pub- 
 lic funds : a number or quantity to 
 be divided. 
 
 divi-divi (div'i-div'i), n. astringent 
 husks of a South American tropical 
 plant, used for dyeing and tanning. 
 
 divination (-i-na'shun), n. the act 
 of divining ; the pretended art of 
 foreseeing future events by super- 
 natural or magical agency. 
 
 divine (di-vin'), adj. partaking of 
 the nature of God ; excellent in the 
 highest degree ; godlike ; sacred ; 
 holy ; pertaining to theology : n. a 
 theologian ; clergyman : v.t. to fore- 
 tell by, or as by, divination ; pre- 
 sage : v.i. to conjecture ; guess. 
 
 diving (div'ing), n. the act of plung- 
 ing into water; connected with, or 
 used in, diving. 
 
 diving-bell (-bel), n. a hollow ap- 
 paratus supplied with air, used for 
 various purposes below the surface 
 of the water. 
 
 divining-rod (-rod), n. a forked rod 
 or branch, as of witch-hazel, which, 
 when held loosely in the hand, is 
 said to be drawn down to the ground 
 
 where water or minerals are situ- 
 ated. 
 
 divinity (di-vin'i-ti), n. [pi. divini- 
 ties (-tiz)], the state or quality of 
 being divine ; Godhead ; a pagan or 
 heathen deity ; theology. 
 
 divisibility (-viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being divisible. 
 
 divisible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing divided ; capable of division with- 
 out a remainder. 
 
 division (-vizh'un), n. the act or 
 state of being divided ; separation ; 
 a partition; section; discord; dif- 
 ference ; the separating of the mem- 
 bers of a legislative or municipal 
 assembly in order to take a vote ; 
 two or more brigades under the com- 
 mand of a general officer ; a section 
 of a fleet under one commander ; the 
 process of finding how many times 
 one number or quantity is contained 
 in another. 
 
 divisional (-al), adj. pertaining to 
 division. 
 
 divisor (di-vi'zor), n. the number by 
 which another (the dividend) is 
 divided. 
 
 divorce (-vors'), n. a dissolution of 
 the marriage contract by legal au- 
 thority ; disunion : v.t. to dissolve 
 the marriage contract between by 
 legal authority; release from close 
 union. 
 
 divorcement ('ment),-n. the act or 
 process of divorcing (Deut. xxiv.l). 
 
 divort (di-vort'), n. a watershed. 
 
 divulge (di-vulj'), v.t. to make 
 known, as something previously kept 
 secret ; disclose. 
 
 dizen (dl'zn), v.t. to deck out; dress. 
 
 dizziness ('i-nes), n. giddiness. 
 
 dizzy (diz'i), adj. giddy. 
 
 do (doo), v.t. [p.t. did, p.p. done, p. 
 pr. doing], to perform; achieve; 
 cause to bring about ; make ready 
 for some object or purpose ; cheat or 
 swindle : v.i. to act or behave ; suc- 
 ceed ; suffice ; fare as to health : n. a 
 trick or hoax. 
 
 docile (do'sll, or dos'il), adj. easy to 
 teach ; tractable ; easily managed. 
 
 docility (do-sil'i-ti), n. the quality 
 of being docile. 
 
 dock (dok), n. a place for construct- 
 
 ive, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
doc 
 
 ing and laying up ships ; the place 
 where a prisoner stands in a court 
 to be tried ; a coarse weed with 
 broad leaves; the tail of a horse 
 after it has been docked : v.t. to 
 cut off or curtail ; deduct from ; di- 
 minish. 
 
 dockage ('aj), n. reduction; provi- 
 sion or accommodation for the dock- 
 ing of vessels ; money paid for the 
 use of a dock. 
 
 docket ('et), v.t. to mark the con- 
 tents or titles of papers on the back 
 of them ; indorse : n. a directed label 
 or ticket tied on goods ; a summary 
 of a larger writing ; a digest. 
 
 dockyard ('yard), n. a place where 
 ships are built and naval stores are 
 kept. 
 
 doctor ('ter), n. one skilled in any 
 particular branch of knowledge; an 
 academical degree denoting the 
 highest proficiency in a faculty of 
 a university ; a learned man ; a 
 medical practitioner : v.t. to treat 
 medically ; tamper with or give a 
 false appearance to : v.i. to practice 
 medicine ; undergo medical treat- 
 ment. 
 
 doctorate (-at), n. the degree of 
 doctor. 
 
 doctrinaire (-tri-nar'), n. one who 
 theorizes on political or other mat- 
 ters, disregarding practical consid- 
 erations : adj. visionary. 
 
 doctrinal ('trin-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or containing, doctrine. 
 
 doctrinally (-li), adv. in a doctrinal 
 manner. 
 
 doctrine ('trin), n. that which is 
 taught; the principles, belief, or 
 dogma of any church, sect, or party. 
 
 document ('u-ment), n. a printed or 
 written paper relied upon to estab- 
 lish some fact or assertion, or con- 
 veying information. 
 
 documentary (-men'ta-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to, derived from, or consist- 
 ing of, documents. 
 
 dodder (dod'er), n. a parasitical 
 plant. 
 
 dodecagon (do-dek'a-gon), n. a figure 
 with twelve sides and twelve angles. 
 
 dodecahedron (-he'dron), n. a solid 
 having twelve faces. 
 
 dodge (doj), v.i. to start aside and 
 
 dog 
 
 shift about ; evade by craft ; avoid ; 
 practice tricky devices : v.t. to es- 
 cape by starting aside : n. the act of 
 dodging ; a trick. 
 
 dodo (do'do), n. [pi. dodos ('doz)], 
 a large extinct bird with a short 
 neck, a large hooked bill, short 
 wings and legs. 
 
 doe (do), n. the female of a buck or 
 fallow deer, or of an antelope, rab- 
 bit, or hare. 
 
 doeskin ('skin), n. the skin of a doe ; 
 a fine woolen cloth with a smooth 
 finish. 
 
 doff (dof), v.t. to take or put off, 
 as clothes: v.i. remove the hat in 
 saluting. 
 
 dog (dog), n. a domesticated carnivo- 
 rous animal belonging to the genus 
 Canis ; name of various mechanical 
 contrivances : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dog- 
 ged, p.pr. dogging], to hunt as a 
 dog; follow pertinaciously. 
 
 dogcart ('kart), n. a light cart with 
 two transverse seats back to back. 
 
 dog-days ('daz), n.pl. a period in 
 July and August when the dog star 
 or Sirius rises and sets with the 
 sun : usually the hottest part of the 
 summer. 
 
 doge (doj), n. the title of the chief 
 magistrates of the ancient republics 
 of Venice and Genoa. 
 
 dogfish (dog'fish), n. a species of 
 small littoral shark very destructive 
 to fish. 
 
 dogged ('ed), adj. stubborn; perti- 
 nacious. 
 
 dogger ('er), n. a two-masted vessel 
 with a broad beam : used in the cod 
 and herring fisheries by the Dutch 
 in the North Sea. 
 
 doggerel (-el), n. a kind of verse 
 devoid of sense or rhythm : adj. weak 
 and absurd in construction : said of 
 verse or poetry. 
 
 dogma ('ma), n. [pi. dogmas ('maz)], 
 or dogmata ('ma-ta)], an estab- 
 lished principle, tenet, or doctrine ; 
 a doctrine stated in a formal man- 
 ner and received by the Church as 
 authoritative. 
 
 dogmatic (-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or of the nature of, dogma ; posi- 
 tive ; authoritative ; dogmatical : n.pl. 
 doctrinal theology. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
Copyright MDCCCXCIX, by F. li Wright 
 
 LEADING B 
 
S OF DOGS 
 
dog 
 
 dom 
 
 dogmatically (-al-li), adv. in a dog- 
 matic manner. 
 
 dogmatism (-tizni), n. dogmatic or 
 positive assertion of opinion. 
 
 dogmatize ('ma-tiz), v.i. to make 
 dogmatic assertions ; utter positive 
 assertions without adducing proof : 
 v.t. to treat dogmatically. 
 
 dog-trot ('trot), n. a gentle trot. 
 
 dog-watch ('woch), n. one of two 
 watches on board ship of two hours 
 each, between 4 and 8 p.m. 
 
 dogwood ('wood), n. the wild cornel. 
 
 doily (doi'li), n. [pi. doilies ('liz)], 
 a small mat or napkin : used on 
 dessert plates, &c. 
 
 doings (doo'ingz), n.pl. things done; 
 movements ; conduct ; stir. 
 
 doldrums ('drumz), n.pl. a sailor's 
 term for the tropical zones of calms 
 and variable winds ; depression of 
 spirits ; the dumps. 
 
 dole (dol), n. that which is dealt out 
 sparingly ; a charitable gift of mon- 
 ey or food ; alms : v.t. to deal out 
 sparingly. 
 
 doleful ('fool), adj. sorrowful; dis- 
 mal. 
 
 dolefully (-li), adv. sorrowfully; 
 dismally. 
 
 dolerite (dol'er-it), n. a dark-col- 
 ored bassic igneous rock ; basaltic 
 greenstone. 
 
 dolesome (dol'sum), adj. melancholy. 
 
 doll (dol), n. a girl's puppet or toy- 
 baby ; a childish-featured girl or 
 woman. 
 
 dollar ('ar), n. a silver coin current 
 in the United States and Canada = 
 100 cents ; a coin of various other 
 countries. 
 
 dolly ('i), n. [pi. dollies ('iz)], a lit- 
 tle doll ; a block used in pile driv- 
 ing; an apparatus for washing 
 clothes ; a contrivance for washing 
 ore in mining ; in India a brass tray 
 on which fruit, flowers, &c, are 
 presented as a complimentary offer- 
 ing. 
 
 Dolly Varden (-var'dn), n. a wom- 
 an's dress of light bright-figured 
 muslin, worn over a bright colored 
 petticoat. 
 
 dolman ('man), n. a long outer gar- 
 ment worn by the Turks ; a hussar's 
 
 uniform jacket ; a woman's sleeve- 
 less mantle. 
 
 dolmen ('men), n. a sepulchral mon- 
 ument, consisting of a large unhewn 
 stone resting on two or more un- 
 hewn stones. 
 
 dolomite ('o-mit), n. a crystalline 
 variety of magnesian limestone. 
 
 dolorific (-rif'ik), adj. causing grief. 
 
 dolorous (dol'o-rus), adj. sorrowful. 
 
 dolour (do'ler), n. sorrow; pain. 
 
 dolphin (dol'fin), n. the name of a 
 cetaceous mammal of the genus 
 Delphinus and allied genera. 
 
 dolt (dolt), n. a heavy stupid fellow. 
 
 dom (dom), n. a title of respect ap- 
 plied to gentlemen in Portugal and 
 Brazil ; in Portugal a title of the 
 king and royal family. 
 
 domain (do-man'), n. lordship; au- 
 thority ; empire ; landed property ; 
 demesne. 
 
 dome (dom),_n. a hemispherical roof. 
 
 domestic (do-mes'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the house or household af- 
 fairs ; private ; home-made : n. a 
 household servant : pi. articles of 
 home manufacture, especially cotton- 
 cloths. 
 
 domestic economy (e-kon'o-mi), n. 
 the art of managing household af- 
 fairs in the best and thriftiest man- 
 ner. 
 
 domestically (-al-li), adv. privately. 
 
 domesticate ('ti-kat), v.t. to make 
 domestic ; familiarize with domestic 
 life ; tame : v.i. to become domestic. 
 
 domesticity (-tis'i-ti), n. [pi. domes- 
 ticities (-tiz)], the state of being 
 domestic ; domestic character. 
 
 domicile (dom'i-sil), n. a permanent 
 residence or place of abode ; home : 
 v.t. to establish in a fixed residence. 
 
 domiciliary ('i-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to the residence of a person or fam- 
 ily. 
 
 dominant ('i-nant), adj. exercising 
 chief authority ; ruling ; predomi- 
 nant ; ascending : n. the recitative 
 note in Gregorian scales ; the fifth 
 tone of a musical scale in any as- 
 cending key. 
 
 dominate ('i-nat), v.t. to govern; 
 rule ; predominate over : v.i. to be 
 ' dominant. 
 
 domination (-na'shun), n. the act 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
dom 
 
 dor 
 
 of dominating ; absolute authority ; 
 power. 
 
 domineer (-i-ner'), v.t. to exercise 
 authority arrogantly or tyrannical- 
 ly ; bluster. 
 
 dominical (do-min'i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to Christ as Lord, or to Sun- 
 day : n. a dominical letter. 
 
 dominical letter (let'er), n. one of 
 the letters (ABCDEFG) used, 
 in the calendar of the Prayer Book 
 to denote Sunday throughout the 
 year, and to determine the date of 
 Easter Day. 
 
 dominie (dom'i-ne), n. a schoolmas- 
 ter ; a clergyman of the Dutch Re- 
 formed Church. 
 
 dominion (do-min'yun), n. supreme 
 authority ; sovereignty ; independent 
 right or possession ; a territory or 
 country subject to the control of one 
 government. 
 
 domino (dom'i-no), n. [pi. dominos 
 (-noz)], a large loose silk cape or 
 cloak with large sleeves and a hood 
 used as a masquerade garment; an 
 ecclesiastical hood : pi. a game 
 played with 28 oblong dotted pieces 
 of bone or wood (dominoes). 
 
 dom-pedro (-pe'dro), n. the name of 
 the game of sancho-pedro when 
 played with the joker. 
 
 don (don), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. donned, 
 p.pr. donning], to put on; invest 
 with ; assume : n. a Spanish title 
 [Fern. Dona] ; a fellow or collegiate 
 dignitary. 
 
 donate (do'nat), v.t. to contribute, 
 especially to some religious or phil- 
 anthropic object. 
 
 donation (-na'shun), n. a charitable 
 gift ; benefaction ; present. 
 
 donative (don'a-tiv), adj. vested or 
 vesting by donation : n. a gift. 
 
 donator (do-na'ter), n. a giver. 
 
 done (dun), p. adj. completed; pub- 
 lished officially ; cooked sufficiently ; 
 thoroughly fatigued ; cheated : inter j. 
 agreed ! 
 
 donee (do-ne'), n. a person to whom 
 a gift or donation is made. 
 
 dongola (don'go-la), n. a goatskin, 
 or sheepskin tanned to resemble kid. 
 
 doni (do'ni), n. a single-masted Cey- 
 lonese coasting vessel with a long 
 sail. 
 
 donjon (don' or dun'jun), n. the 
 principal tower or keep of a mediae- 
 val castle, containing the prison. 
 
 donkey (dong'ki), n. [pi. donkeys 
 ('kiz)], an ass; a stupid or obsti- 
 nate fellow. 
 
 donna (don'na), n. a lady (Italian). 
 
 donnish (don'ish), adj. pertaining to, 
 or characteristic of, a don. 
 
 donnism ('izm), n. academic self- 
 importance. 
 
 donor (do'ner), n. a giver. 
 
 doom (do5m), n. a judicial sentence 
 of condemnation ; the infliction of 
 a sentence ; irrevocable destiny ; 
 fate ; ruin ; the Day of Judgment : 
 v.t. to pronounce condemnation 
 upon ; sentence to punishment ; or- 
 dain as a penalty. 
 
 doomsday (doomz'da), n. the day of 
 final and universal judgment. 
 
 door (dor), n. the gate or entrance 
 of a house ; portal ; means of access. 
 
 dope (dop), n. a stupefying drink 
 used for criminal purposes, as for 
 robbery of the unwary. 
 
 Dorian (do'ri-an), adj. pertaining to, 
 or characteristic of, Doris, a small 
 district of ancient Greece : n. a 
 member of the Doric or Dorian race, 
 one of the four great division of the 
 ancient Greeks. 
 
 Doric (dor'ik), adj. Dorian: n. the 
 broad hard dialect of the Dorians. 
 
 Doric order (or'der), the oldest and 
 simplest of the three orders of Greek 
 architecture. 
 
 Doricism ('i-sizm), n. a Doric idiom, 
 phrase, or peculiarity. 
 
 dorking (dor'king), n. one of a breed 
 of domestic fowls. 
 
 dormancy ('man-si), n. quiescence. 
 
 dormant ('mant), adj. sleeping; 
 quiet ; in abeyance. 
 
 dormer ('mer), n. a bedroom; a win- 
 dow pierced vertically in the side of 
 a roof. 
 
 dormitory ('mi-to-ri), n. [pi. dormi- 
 tories (-riz) ], a large apartment ca- 
 pable of holding several beds. 
 
 dormouse ('mous), n. [pi. dormice 
 ('mis)], a small European squirrel- 
 like rodent. 
 
 dorsal ('sal), adj. pertaining to, or 
 situated near, the back. 
 
 dory (do'ri), n. [pi. dories ('riz)], a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dos 
 
 dow 
 
 popular name for a golden-colored 
 fish much esteemed for the table ; 
 the wall-eyed pike-perch ; John 
 Dory; a small flat-bottomed skiff 
 with a sharp prow. 
 
 dosage ('saj), n. the operation of 
 putting into sparkling wines some- 
 thing to give them a distinctive 
 taste. 
 
 dose (dos), n. the quantity of medi- 
 cine to be taken at one time; any- 
 thing nauseous ; quantity : v.t. to 
 give doses to ; administer anything 
 objectionable or nauseous. 
 
 dost, 2 p. sing. pres. indie, of do. 
 
 dot (dot), n. a small point or speck; 
 a diminutive child : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 dotted, p.pr. dotting], to mark with 
 dots or specks. 
 
 dotage (do'taj), n. imbecility of 
 mind ; foolish or excessive affection. 
 
 dotard ('tard), n. one whose intellect 
 is impaired by age ; one who is 
 foolishly affectionate: adj. imbecile. 
 
 dote (dot), v.i. to exhibit the weak- 
 ness of age ; bestow excessive love. 
 
 doth, 3 p. sing, indie, of do. 
 
 dotterel ('er-el), n. a small plover. 
 
 double (dub'l), adj. twofold; two of 
 a sort ; being in pairs ; twice as 
 much ; deceitful ; insincere : n. twice 
 the quantity ; a duplicate ; trick ; a 
 turning back to escape pursuit ; an 
 apparition ; a fold or plait : pi. 
 changes rung on five bells ; games 
 played by two on a side: v.t. to 
 make double ; duplicate ; repeat ; 
 fold ; sail round or by : v.i. to in- 
 crease to twice the quantity ; return 
 on one's track ; march at double 
 quick time : adv. twice over. 
 
 double-bass (-bas), n. the largest 
 violin. 
 
 double-dagger (-dag'er), n. a refer- 
 ence mark (J). 
 
 double entendre (doobl ang-tang'- 
 dr), n. a word or phrase with a 
 double meaning, one of which is 
 usually indelicate. 
 
 doubleness (dub'1-nes), n. the state 
 of being double; duplicity. 
 
 doublet (dub'let), n. a duplicate; 
 pair; a kind of close-fitting man's 
 garment. 
 
 doubloon ('loon), n. a Spanish gold 
 
 doubly ('li), adv. twice the quantity 
 or degree; in a double or twofold 
 manner. 
 
 doubt (dout), v.i. to waver in opin- 
 ion ; hesitate ; be in suspense : v.t. 
 to suspect ; distrust ; question : n. 
 uncertainty of mind ; suspense ; 
 scruple ; perplexity ; apprehension ; 
 fear ; disbelief. 
 
 doubtful ('fool), adj. of uncertain 
 issue ; questionable ; hazardous ; in- 
 . secure. 
 
 doubtfully ('li), adv. in a doubtful 
 manner. 
 
 doubting ('ing), adj. inspiring, or 
 subject to, doubt ; questionable. 
 
 doubtless ('les), adv. assuredly: 
 certainly. 
 
 douche (doosh), n. a jet or current 
 of water directed upon some part 
 of the body. 
 
 dough (do), n. a soft mass of mois- 
 tened flour yet unbaked. 
 
 doughty (dou'ti), adj. valiant; 
 strong. 
 
 doughtily (-li), adv. valiantly. 
 
 doughtiness (-nes), n. valor; bra- 
 very. 
 
 doughy (dd'i), adj. soft like dough. 
 
 douma (du'ma), n. the lower house 
 of the Russian parliament. 
 
 douse (dous), v.t. to plunge suddenly 
 into a liquid ; extinguish ; lower sud- 
 denly, as a sail : v.i. to fall into 
 water ; to use the divining rod. 
 
 dove (duv), n. a pigeon of the genus 
 Columba; a term of endearment. 
 
 dovecote ('kot), n. a small house or 
 box with compartments for doves. 
 Dovecot. 
 
 dovetail ( 'tal ) , v.t. to join by a joint 
 resembling a dove's tail spread out ; 
 fit closely and exactly. 
 
 dowager (dou'a-jer), n. the widow 
 of a king, prince, or person of rank ; 
 a widow with a jointure. 
 
 dowdily ('di-li), adv. in a dowdy 
 manner. 
 
 dowdiness (-nes), n. the state of 
 being dowdy. 
 
 dowdy ('di), n. [pi. dowdies ('diz)], 
 a slatternly woman who affects 
 finery: adj. slovenly or ill-dressed; 
 shabby. 
 
 dowel (dou'el), n. a pin to connect 
 two pieces of wood by being sunk 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 D. 19. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dow 
 
 in the edges of each ; a piece of 
 wood driven into a wall to secure 
 something else : v.t. to fasten by 
 dowels. 
 
 dower ('er), n. that part of a hus- 
 band's property which his widow en- 
 joys during her life ; jointure ; per- 
 sonal endowment. 
 
 dowlas ('las), n. a kind of coarse 
 linen cloth. 
 
 down (doun), n. soft feathers, hair, 
 or wool ; the soft fibers of plants : 
 pi. a tract of bare, hilly land used 
 for pasturing sheep ; banks or round- 
 ed hillocks of sand : adv. from a 
 higher to a lower degree or position ; 
 at the lowest point ; on the ground ; 
 below the horizon ; from earlier to 
 later times ; in hand, or on the 
 counter ; on paper, or in a book : 
 adj. dejected ; downcast : prep, along 
 a descent ; from a higher place to a 
 lower ; along the course or current 
 of. 
 
 downcast ('kast), adj. directed down- 
 wards ; sad : n. the ventilating shaft 
 of a mine. 
 
 downfall ('fawl), n. a falling down- 
 wards ; sudden fall from rank or 
 reputation ; ruin. 
 
 downgrade ('grad), n. a downward 
 movement ; reverse of fortune ; de- 
 parture from the orthodox standard 
 of belief. 
 
 downright ('rit), adj. straight to the 
 point ; blunt ; unceremonious : adv. 
 perpendicularly ; completely ; thor- 
 oughly. 
 
 downward ('ward), adj. tending to 
 the ground ; moving from a higher 
 to a lower place, grade, or direc- 
 tion ; descending : adv. from a higher 
 to a lower condition, state, or place ; 
 from the source. Also downwards. 
 
 downy ('i), adj. covered with, or 
 made of, down ; soft ; restful ; cun- 
 ning; artful. 
 
 dowry (dou'ri), n. [pi. dowries 
 ('riz)], the property a woman 
 brings to her husband at marriage; 
 gift or possession. 
 
 doxology (doks-ol'6-ji), n. [pi. dox- 
 ologies (-jiz)], an ascription or 
 short hymn of praise to God. 
 
 doze (doz), v.t. to sleep lightly or fit- 
 fully : n. a light sleep, or nap. 
 
 dra 
 
 dozy ('i), adj. sleepy; drowsy. 
 
 drab (drab), n. a kind of thick dull 
 brown or yellowish-grey woolen 
 cloth; a tint of such a color: adj. 
 of a drab color. 
 
 drabble ('1), v.t. to make wet or 
 dirty by dragging through mud or 
 water : v.i. to fish with a long line 
 and rod. 
 
 drac (drak), n. an evil spirit; lilia- 
 ceous palm-like plants, to which the 
 dragon-tree belongs. 
 
 drachma (drak'ma), n. [pi. drach- 
 mae ('me), drachmas ('maz)], a 
 Greek silver coin. Also drachm. 
 
 draff (draf), n. refuse from malt 
 breweries; hog's-wash; dregs. 
 
 draft (draft), n. a sketch or outline; 
 bill of exchange ; an order for mon- 
 ey; detachment of soldiers; the act 
 of drawing a load ; the state of be- 
 ing drawn; the act of drinking or 
 the amount drunk at once; an out- 
 line or sketch; the act of sweeping 
 with a net; the quantity of fish 
 caught at one draw of the net ; the 
 depth of water a vessel draws or 
 to which she sinks ; a current of 
 air : v.t. to delineate or sketch out ; 
 call forth ; select by a draft for mili- 
 tary service. 
 
 drag (drag), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dragged, 
 p.pr. dragging], to pull or draw 
 along by force ; draw along slowly 
 or heavily ; haul ; tug : v.t. to trail 
 along the ground : n. the act of 
 dragging; a net~ or apparatus for 
 drawing along the bottom of the 
 water ; a coach drawn by four 
 horses;, a kind of sledge for heavy 
 loads ; the difference between the 
 draft of water forward or aft of a 
 ship. 
 
 draggle (drag'l), v.t. to wet or soil 
 by dragging in the mud or along 
 the ground : v.i. to become dirty or 
 wet by dragging. 
 
 dragoman (drag'o-man), n. [pi. 
 dragomans (-manz)], in the East, 
 an interpreter, guide, or agent for 
 travelers, especially an interpreter 
 attached to an embassy, &c. 
 
 dragon ('un), n. a fabulous animal 
 represented as a winged serpent or 
 lizard; a fierce person; a winged 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dra 
 
 dra 
 
 heraldic beast : adj. fierce ; destruc- 
 tive. 
 
 dragon-fly (-fli), n. an insect with a 
 long slender abdomen, large eyes 
 and wings. 
 
 dragon's-blood, (-z-blud), n. the red 
 juice and gum of several South 
 American and East Indian trees. 
 
 dragoon (dra-goon'), n. originally a 
 kind of mounted infantry, now cav- 
 alry, either light or heavy, wearing 
 helmets : v.t. to harass or reduce to 
 submission by military force. 
 
 drain (dran), v.t. to draw off grad- 
 ually : exhaust : v.i. to become dry : 
 n. a channel or pipe for superfluous 
 water ; a sewer ; the act of exhaust- 
 ing. 
 
 drainage ('aj), n. the act or means 
 of draining; that which is drained 
 off. 
 
 drake (drak), n. a male duck. 
 
 dram (dram), n. l-8th of an ounce 
 troy, and l-16th of an ounce avoir- 
 dupois ; a small quantity of spiritu- 
 ous liquor. 
 
 drama (dra'ma), n. a prose or poet- 
 ical composition depicting a story of 
 human life in character, &c, on the 
 stage ; theatrical entertainment ; 
 dramatic literature or art. 
 
 dramatic (dra-mat'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or appropriate to, the drama. 
 Dramatical. 
 
 dramatically (-al-li), adv. in a dra- 
 matic manner. 
 
 dramatis personse (dram'a-tis per- 
 so'ne), the characters in a play or 
 drama. 
 
 dramatize (dram'a-tiz), v.t. to com- 
 pose in the form of a drama ; adapt 
 for stage representation. 
 
 dramaturgy ('a-ter-ji), n. the art 
 of dramatic composition ; represen- 
 tation and stage effect. 
 
 drank, p.t. & p.p. of drink. 
 
 drape (drap) , v.t. to cover with cloth ; 
 arrange in folds or hangings. 
 
 draper (dra'per), n. a dealer in wool- 
 en or cotton cloth, &c. 
 
 draperied (-id), adj. furnished or 
 covered with drapery. 
 
 drapery (-i), n. [pi. draperies (-iz)l, 
 textile cloths or fabrics used for gar- 
 ments or hangings ; costumes repre- 
 sented in sculpture or painting. 
 
 drastic (dras'tik), adj. powerful; 
 vigorous. 
 
 draught (draft), n. Same as draft. 
 
 draughts (drafts), n. the game of 
 checkers. 
 
 draw (draw), v.t. [p.t. drew, p.p. 
 drawn, p.pr. drawing], to pull along 
 or haul ; raise ; suck in ; pull out ; 
 force out ; elongate ; disembowel ; 
 win, as in a lottery ; drive or beat 
 out ; sketch ; draft ; require a cer- 
 tain depth to float in ; entice or al- 
 lure ; induce ; receive ; write out ; 
 leave undecided : v.i. to produce mo- 
 tion ; act as an inducement ; shrink : 
 come together or near ; practice 
 drawing ; settle in the water to a 
 certain depth : n. the act of draw- 
 ing ; a lot or chance drawn ; a game 
 left undecided ; a feeler ; the act of 
 drawing a covert. 
 
 drawback ('bak), n. loss of advan- 
 tage ; a discouragement ; money paid 
 back, especially to an importer of 
 goods on which customs duty has 
 been paid on their being exported. 
 
 drawbridge ( 'bri j ) , n. a bridge 
 which may be wholly or partially 
 lifted up. 
 
 drawee (-e'), n. one on whom an 
 order, bill of exchange, or a draft 
 is drawn. 
 
 drawer ('er), n. one who draws; a 
 draftsman ; a sliding box-like ar- 
 rangement for holding clothes, pa- 
 pers, &c. ; one who draws a bill of 
 exchange, or an order for the pay- 
 ment of money : pi. an under-gar- 
 ment worn by both sexes, covering 
 the lower part of the body and legs. 
 
 drawing ('ing), n. delineation; at- 
 traction or motion ; a distribution in 
 a lottery : pi. the takings or re- 
 ceipts of a business. 
 
 drawing-room (-room), n. a room 
 for the reception of company ; a for- 
 mal reception by the sovereign, or a 
 distinguished official ; the company 
 assembled in a drawing-room. 
 
 drawl ( drawl ) , v.t. to utter in a slow, 
 lazy tone : n. sl slow, lazy manner of 
 speaking. 
 
 drawn (drawn), p. adj. left unde- 
 cided ; disemboweled ; contracted. 
 
 dray (dra), n. a low, stoutly-built 
 cart used for heavy loads. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
dre 
 
 dri 
 
 dread (dred), v.t. to fear greatly; an- 
 ticipate with shrinking or terror ; 
 venerate : v.i. to be in great fear : 
 n. apprehensive terror ; reverential 
 awe : adj. awful ; solemn. 
 
 dreadful ('fool), adj. inspiring 
 dread. 
 
 dreadfully (-li), adv. in a dreadful 
 manner. 
 
 dreadnaught ('nawt), n. a fearless 
 person ; a_ thick woolen felted cloth. 
 
 dream (drem), n. a train of thoughts 
 or images passing through the mind 
 during sleep ; an idle fancy : v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. dreamt, p.pr. dreaming], to 
 see or imagine in sleep ; think about 
 vainly : v.i. to have a train of ideas 
 in sleep. 
 
 dreamy ('i), adj. pertaining to, or 
 full of, dreams ; indistbnct ; vision- 
 ary. 
 
 drear (drer), adj. dismal; sorrowful. 
 
 drearily ('i-li), adv. gloomily. 
 
 dreary ('i), adj. cheerless; gloomy. 
 
 dredge ( drej ) , n. a drag or instru- 
 ment for sweeping the bottoms of 
 rivers to bring up something : v.t. 
 to clean out and deepen by a dredge ; 
 gather with a dredge ; sprinkle flour 
 upon. 
 
 dregs (dregz), n.pl. the sediment of 
 liquor ; lees ; worthless matter. 
 
 dreibund (dri'bunt), n. a triple al- 
 liance, especially that (1883) be- 
 tween Germany, Austria-Hungary, 
 and Italy for mutual defense. 
 
 drench, (drench), v.t. to wet thorough- 
 ly ; steep in moisture ; forcibly ad- 
 minister a draft to : n. a large draft ; 
 a dose of medicine for a horse or 
 cattle. 
 
 Dresden (dres'den), n. a fine porce- 
 lain. 
 
 dress (dres), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dressed 
 or drest, p.pr. dressing], to invest 
 with, or as with, clothing ; adorn ; 
 deck out ; embellish ; prepare or 
 make ready ; cook ; curry or rub 
 down ; adjust to a straight line ; 
 prune or trim : v.i. to put on clothes : 
 n. a covering for the body ; a robe ; 
 elegant or fashionable attire ; ex- 
 ternal finish or ornament ; plumage ; 
 adjustment. 
 
 dresser ('er), n. one who regulates 
 or adjusts dress ; a surgeon's as- 
 
 sistant ; a set of shelves or open 
 cupboard for plates, &c. ; a com- 
 bination of mirror and bureau. 
 
 dressing ('ing), n. the act of putting 
 on clothes ; material used in sizing 
 or stiffening fabrics ; the smoothing 
 of the surface of stone ; sauce or 
 stuffing used for preparing a dish ; 
 a beating ; reprimand ; an external 
 application to a wound ; the prepara- 
 tion of mineral ores for the furnace. 
 
 dressing-gown (-goun), n. a light, 
 easy, loose gown worn while dress- 
 ing or in dishabille. 
 
 dressy (dres'i), adj. fond of dress, 
 especially showy or elaborate attire ; 
 stylish. 
 
 drest, p.t. & p.p. of dress. 
 
 drew, p.t. of draw. 
 
 dribble (drib'l), v.i. to fall in small 
 drops ; drip : v.t. to let fall in drops ; 
 give out or deal in small portions ; 
 in football to give a slight kick or 
 shove to : n. a drizzling shower ; a 
 trickling out in small drops. 
 
 driblet (drib'let), n. a small piece, 
 part, or sum. 
 
 dried, p.t. & p.p. of dry. 
 
 drier (dri'er), n. one who, or that 
 which, dries ; a substance added to 
 paint, &c, causing it to dry quick- 
 ly ; an apparatus for drying off 
 moisture. 
 
 drift (drift), n. the direction in 
 which anything is driven ; an im- 
 pellent force ; overbearing influence ; 
 
 , an accumulation heaped up by sea 
 or wind ; tendency ; scope ; the hori- 
 zontal passage of a mine ; a collec- 
 tion of loose earth, rocks, &c, trans- 
 ported from a distance by the 
 agency of ice ; leeway made in a 
 gale ; the direction of a current : v.t. 
 to drive along, or in heaps ; cover 
 with driftage : v.i. to be carried 
 along by a current, or by circum- 
 stances ; accumulate in heaps. 
 
 driftage ('aj), n. that which is 
 drifted ; leeway caused by wind or 
 sea currents. 
 
 drill (dril), v.t. to pierce with a 
 drill ; bore ; perforate ; instruct thor- 
 oughly in the rudiments of any busi- 
 ness, &c. ; train ; sow in lines or 
 rows : v.i. to engage in military ex- 
 ercises : n. a tool for boring or mak- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
dri 
 
 dm 
 
 ing holes in a hard substance ; a 
 machine for sowing seeds in rows ; 
 military exercise. 
 
 drilling ('ing), n. the act of using 
 a drill ; a heavy, firm twilled cloth. 
 
 drink (dringk), v.i. [p.t. drank, p.p. 
 drunk, p.pr. drinking], to swallow a 
 liquid ; imbibe alcoholic liquors ha- 
 bitually : n. any beverage swallowed 
 to quench thirst ; as much liquor as 
 can be taken at once ; strong or in- 
 toxicating liquor. 
 
 drip (drip), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dripped, 
 p.pr. dripping], to fall in drops : v.t. 
 to let fall in drops : n. that which 
 falls in drops ; a projecting cornice 
 to throw off rain. 
 
 drive (drlv), v.t. [p.t. drove, p.p. 
 driven, p.pr. driving], to impel or 
 urge forward by force ; propel ; com- 
 municate motion to ; convey in a 
 vehicle : v.i. to press, or be impelled 
 forward with violence ; travel in a 
 carriage; aim a blow (with let) in. 
 the act of driving or impelling ; a 
 strong blow ; a road prepared for 
 driving ; an excursion in a carriage ; 
 an annual gathering of cattle for 
 branding ; a forward blow given to 
 a ball at cricket. 
 
 drivel (driv'el), v.i. to slaver; be 
 weak or foolish ; talk or act like a 
 fool or dotard. 
 
 driven, p.p. of drive. 
 
 drizzle (driz'l), v.i. to rain slightly 
 or in misty drops : n. fine misty rain. 
 
 drizzly ('li), adj. shedding fine rain. 
 
 droit (droit, or drwa), n. equity; 
 right of ownership, especially in 
 land : custom ; duty. 
 
 drole (drol'), n. a funny fellow; buf- 
 foon. 
 
 droll (drol'), adj. ridiculous; queer. 
 
 drollery ('er-i). n. [pi. drolleries 
 (-riz)], the quality of being droll; 
 buffoonery. 
 
 drolling ('ing), n. burlesque. 
 
 drolly ('li), adv. comically. 
 
 dromedary (drum'e-da-ri), n. [pi. 
 dromedaries (-riz)], one of a do- 
 mesticated breed of camels distin- 
 guished for its speed and by having 
 one hump. 
 
 drone (dron), v.i. to utter in_ a mo- 
 notonous tone or sound ; live in idle- 
 ness : v.t. to read in a monotonous 
 
 tone : n. a dull, monotonous tone ; 
 one of the pipes of a bagpipe ; the 
 male of the honey-bee which pro- 
 duces no honey ; a lazy fellow. 
 
 drony (dro'ni), adj. like a drone. 
 
 droop (droop), v.i. to sink or hang 
 down ; languish ; bend down gradu- 
 ally : v.t. cause to hang down : n. 
 the act of drooping. 
 
 drop (drop), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dropped, 
 dropt, p.pr. dropping], to fall in 
 drops ; distil ; sink to a lower posi- 
 tion ; fall in death ; visit informally 
 (with in) : v.t. to let fall; discon- 
 tinue; utter casually; send off (a 
 hasty note) : n. a globule of mois- 
 ture ; something that hangs like a 
 drop ; a small quantity of a liquid ; a 
 falling trap-door ; the painted cur- 
 tain of a theater (drop-scene) : pi. 
 medicine regulated by drops ; lauda- 
 num. 
 
 drop-shutter (-shut'er), n. a device, 
 operated by a spring, for taking in- 
 stantaneous photographs. 
 
 dropsical ('si-kal), adj. affected with 
 dropsy. 
 
 dropsy ('si), n. an unnatural accu- 
 mulation of serous fluid in any 
 cavity of the body or its tissues ; a 
 disease affecting the food-sac of 
 young trout ; blue swelling. 
 
 dropt, p.t. & p.p. of drop. 
 
 dross (dros), n. the scum or slag of 
 melted metal ; sediment ; refuse. 
 
 drought (drout), n. continued ab- 
 sence of rain or moisture ; dryness. 
 
 drove, p.t. of drive : n. a collection of 
 cattle or sheep driven in a body ; a 
 crowd ; sprats caught early in the 
 season. 
 
 drown (droun), v.i. to perish by suf- 
 focation in water : v.t. to suffocate 
 by immersion in water ; overwhelm ; 
 inundate; deluge. 
 
 drowse (drouz), v.i. to be heavy with 
 sleepiness ; be half-asleep : n. a light 
 sleep. 
 
 drowsiness ('i-nes), n. sleepiness. 
 
 drowsy ('i), adj. sleepy; sluggish. 
 
 drub (drub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. drubbed, 
 p.pr. drubbing], to beat vigorously: 
 n. a thump. 
 
 drudge (druj), v.i. to labor hard at 
 mean or uncongenial tasks ; slave : 
 v.t. to spend or pass laboriously : n. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
dm 
 
 one employed in menial work who 
 works hard for insufficient remu- 
 neration. 
 
 drudgery ('er-i), n. the work of a 
 drudge ; mean servile labor. 
 
 drug (drug), n. an ingredient used 
 in medicine ; a narcotic ; an unsal- 
 able article: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. drug- 
 ged, p.pr. drugging"!, to mix drugs 
 with ; render stupid by a narcotic 
 drug : v.i. to take drugs habitually. 
 
 drugget ('et), n. a coarse woolen 
 fabric. 
 
 druggist ('ist), n. a dealer in drugs. 
 
 druid (droo'id), n. a priest of the 
 ancient Kelts of Britain, Gaul, and 
 Germany. 
 
 drum (drum), n. an instrument of 
 percussion, consisting of a hollow 
 cylinder with vellum at the ends, 
 and beaten with sticks (drum- 
 sticks) ; the tympanum of the ear; 
 a drum-shaped box for figs; a cylin- 
 der or revolving shaft : v.i. [p.t. & 
 p.p. drummed, p.pr. drumming], to 
 beat a drum ; beat up recruits ; tout 
 for customers ; beat rapidly with 
 the fingers: v.t. to play (a tune) on 
 a drum; din; expel ignominiously 
 (with out). 
 
 drumhead ('hed), n. the head or top 
 of a drum ; the top of a capstan. 
 
 drummer ('er), n. one who plays a 
 drum ; a commercial traveler. 
 
 drumstick ('stik), n. the stick with 
 which a drum is beaten ; the outer 
 joint of a fowl's leg from the knee 
 to the heel. 
 
 Drummond-light ('und-lit), n. an- 
 other name for the limelight. 
 
 drunk (drungk), p.p. of drink: n. a, 
 fit of drunkenness ; a drunken per- 
 son : adj. intoxicated. 
 
 drunkard ('ard), n. one habitually 
 drunk. 
 
 drunken ('en), p. adj. habitually in- 
 temperate. 
 
 drunkenness (-nes), n. the state of 
 being drunk ; habitual intemperance ; 
 frenzy. 
 
 dry (dri), adj. [comp. drier, superl. 
 driest] , free from moisture or wet- 
 ness ; not yielding juices ; devoid of 
 interest; unintentionally humorous 
 or quaint; without sweetness or 
 fruity flavor : v.t. free from moisture 
 
 due 
 
 or juice ; stop the flow of ; parch : 
 v.i. to lose or be deprived of moist- 
 ure. 
 
 dryad (dri'ad), n. a wood nymph. 
 
 dryly ('li), adv. without moisture; 
 in a dry manner ; coldly ; sarcastical- 
 ly. Also drily. 
 
 dry-nurse ('ners), v.t. to rear with- 
 out the breast. 
 
 drysalt ('sawlt), v.t. to cure by salt- 
 ing and drying, as meat. 
 
 dual (du'al), adj. expressing, or com- 
 posed of, the number 2 : n. the 
 form of the noun or verb connoting 
 two persons or things. 
 
 dualism (-izm), n. a twofold divi- 
 sion ; the doctrine Of two indepen- 
 dent and separate principles in man, 
 the spiritual and the corporeal ; the 
 Gnostic theory that there are two 
 independent eternal principles, one 
 evil and the other good. 
 
 dualist ('a-list), n. one who holds 
 any of the theories of dualism. 
 
 dualistic (-a-list'ik), adj. twofold; 
 characterized by, or pertaining to, 
 dualism. 
 
 duality (-al'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being twofold; division 
 into two. 
 
 dub (dub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dubbed, 
 p.pr. dubbing], to invest with 
 knighthood by striking the shoulder 
 with a sword ; confer any rank, dig- 
 nity, character, or name upon ; rub, 
 dress, or smooth : v.i. make a brisk 
 noise : n. a tap or blow. 
 
 dubious (du'bi-us), adj. doubtful. 
 
 ducal ('kal), adj. pertaining to a 
 duke. 
 
 ducat (duk'at), n. a gold or silver 
 coin formerly in use in Europe : pi. 
 money. 
 
 duchess (duch'es), n. the consort or 
 widow of a duke. 
 
 duchy ('i), n. [pi. duchies ('iz)], the 
 territory, dominions, or jurisdiction 
 of a duke. 
 
 duck (duk), n. any bird of the fam- 
 ily Anatidae, especially the domestic 
 duck ; the female of this bird, as dis- 
 tinguished from the drake; an ex- 
 pression of endearment ; a strong 
 linen untwilled fabric: pi. sailors' 
 trousers or light clothes worn in hot 
 climates : v.i. to plunge the head 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl: m§, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book^ hue, hut; think, then, 
 
due 
 
 dnm 
 
 under water and then withdraw it 
 quickly ; bob the head. 
 
 ducking ('ing), n. the act of putting 
 under water ; the sport of shooting 
 wild ducks. 
 
 ducking-stool (-stool), n. a stool 
 in which female scolds were ducked 
 in the water. 
 
 duckling ('ling), n. a young duck. 
 
 duckweed ('wed), n. a common 
 fresh-water plant eaten by ducks. 
 
 duct (dukt), n. a passage, tube, or 
 canal by which a fluid or secretion 
 is conveyed. 
 
 ductile ('til), adj. capable of being 
 drawn out into threads or wire ; 
 tractable. 
 
 ductility ('i-ti), n. flexibility. 
 
 dude (dud), n. a kind of dandy, 
 characterized by over-affectedness in 
 manners, dress, &c. 
 
 dudeen (du-den'), n. a short clay 
 pipe. 
 
 dudgeon (duj'un), n. sullen anger; 
 resentment ; ill-will. 
 
 dudisnt (dud'izm), n. the affectation 
 or social peculiarities of dudes. Also 
 dudeism. 
 
 duds (dudz), n.pl. clothes. 
 
 due (du), adj. owed or owing; pay- 
 able ; fulfilling obligation ; suitable 
 to a case ; ascribable ; proper : adv. 
 exactly ; directly : n. that which is 
 owed or required by an obligation ; 
 a custom, toll, tribute, or fee. 
 
 duel ('el), n. sl combat between two 
 persons with deadly weapons: v.i. 
 to fight in a duel. 
 
 dueling (-ing), n. the fighting a duel. 
 
 duena (doo-a'nya), n. an elderly 
 Spanish or Portuguese lady who acts 
 as a guardian to a younger one; a 
 governess. Also duenna. 
 
 duet (du-ef), n. a vocal or instru- 
 mental composition for two per- 
 formers. Also duetto. 
 
 duetino (doo-a-te'no), n. a short 
 duet. 
 
 duff (duf), n. pudding of flour, &c, 
 boiled in a bag ; a vegetable growth 
 accumulated in forest ground. 
 
 duffer ('er), n. a peddler or hawker 
 of feminine articles of attire, flash 
 jewelry, &c. ; a dull, stupid, ineffi- 
 cient person ; a fogy ; a spurious 
 coin. 
 
 duffing ('ing), adj. worthless; coun- 
 terfeit. 
 
 dug, p.t. & p.p. of dig : n. a teat. 
 
 dugong (du'gong), n. an aquatic 
 herbivorous mammal resembling the 
 seal and walrus ; the sea-cow. 
 
 dugout (dug'out), n. sl canoe hol- 
 lowed out from a log; a rough kind 
 of shelter excavated in the side of a 
 hill or bank. 
 
 duke (duk), the highest order of 
 English nobility and ranking next 
 below an archbishop and the princes 
 of the blood ; a continental prince or 
 noble. 
 
 dukedom ('dum), n. a duchy. 
 
 dulcet (dul'set), adj. sweet or pleas- 
 ant to the ear ; harmonious. 
 
 dulciana (si-a'na), n. a soft-toned 
 stop. 
 
 dulcimer ('si-mer), n. an instru- 
 ment with wire strings which are 
 struck with a rod. 
 
 dull (dul), adj. slow of apprehension 
 or action ; stupid ; sluggish ; with- 
 out sensibility ; not bright or clear 
 to the eye ; blunt ; without wind : 
 v.t. to deprive of sharpness; make 
 stupid or heavy ; tarnish : v.i. to be- 
 come calm ; become dull or blunt. 
 
 dullard ('ard), n. a stupid person; 
 blockhead. 
 
 dulness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
 
 • ity of being dull. 
 
 duly (du'li), adv. in a fit and becom- 
 ing manner; fitly; regularly. 
 
 dumb (dum), adj. incapable of 
 speech. 
 
 dumb-bell ('bel), n. one of a pair 
 of heavy weights used for muscular 
 exercise. 
 
 dumb-show ('sho), n. gesture with- 
 out speech. 
 
 dumbledore (dum'bl-dor), n. the 
 bumble-bee; the brown cockchafer. 
 
 dummy (dum'i), n. [pi. dummies 
 ('iz)], one who is mute or silent; 
 that which imitates a reality; an 
 exposed hand at whist when three 
 persons are playing : adj. fictitious. 
 
 dump (dump), n. a thud or heavy 
 sound ; anything short, thick, and 
 heavy; a place to discharge rub- 
 bish in : pi. low spirits : v.t. to throw 
 down and empty, especially abrupt- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dum, 
 
 dns 
 
 ly; unload from a cart: v.i. to un- 
 load by tilting. 
 
 dumpy ('i), adj. short and thick; 
 discontented; sulky. 
 
 dun (dun), adj. of a dull brown col- 
 or: n. a creditor who presses per- 
 sistently for payment of a debt ; a 
 fortified eminence ; earthwork; 
 mound : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dunned, 
 p.pr. dunning], to urge importunate- 
 ly, especially for a debt ; cure, as 
 codfish, after salting, to impart a 
 dark color. 
 
 dunce (duns), n. a dull, ignorant 
 person. 
 
 dunderhead ('der-hed), n. a dolt; 
 a numskull. 
 
 dune (dun), a heap of drifted sand 
 piled up on the sea-shore by the 
 action of the wind. 
 
 dunfish ('fish), n. codfish cured by 
 dunning. 
 
 dung (dung), n. the excrement of 
 animals ; anything filthy or rotten : 
 v.t. to manure with dung. 
 
 dungeon ('jun), n. the principal 
 keep of a mediaeval castle ; a dark 
 underground cell ; a prison. 
 
 Bunkers ('kerz), n.pl. a sect of Ger- 
 man-American Baptists, properly 
 termed Brethren. 
 
 dunnage ('aj), n. loose wood, fag- 
 ots, &c, stowed in the hold of a 
 vessel to protect the cargo from in- 
 jury. 
 
 dunnish ('ish), adj. inclined to dun 
 color. 
 
 duodecimal ( du-o-des'i-mal ) , adj. 
 consisting of, or computing by, 
 twelves or any power of 12 : n. a 
 twelfth power of anything : pi. a 
 system of computing by twelves the 
 number of square feet and inches 
 in a rectangular area. 
 
 duodecimo ('i-mo), n. a sheet folded 
 into 12 leaves (12mo) : said of a 
 book. 
 
 duodenum (-de'num), n. [pi. duo- 
 dena ('na)], the first portion of the 
 small intestine. 
 
 dupable (dup'a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being duped. 
 
 dupe (dtip), n. one who is, or can be, 
 easily tricked ; a credulous person ; 
 v.t. to deceive by trickery ; cheat. 
 
 duplex (du'pleks), adj. double; com- 
 
 pound : applied to the transmission 
 of two telegraphic messages over 
 a single wire at the same time : v.i. 
 to transmit telegraphic messages by 
 the duplex system. 
 
 duplicate ('pli-kat), v.t. to make or 
 render double ; make a copy or 
 copies of : v.i. to celebrate Mass or 
 receive the Eucharist twice in one 
 day : adj. corresponding exactly with 
 another ; twofold ; double ; growing 
 in pairs : n. facsimile ; counterpart ; 
 an exact copy. iv 
 
 duplication (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
 duplicating ; a fold ; multiplication 
 by 2. 
 
 duplicity (-plis'i-ti), n. deceit; 
 hypocrisy. / 
 
 durability (du-ra-bil'i-ti), n. endur- 
 ance. 
 
 durable ('ra-bl), adj. not perishing; 
 permanent ; stable ; lasting. 
 
 durably (-li), adv. in a durable man- 
 ner. 
 
 dura mater ('ra ma'ter), n. the 
 tough covering which envelops the 
 brain and spinal cord. 
 
 duramen (-ra'men), n. the inner or 
 heart wood of an exogenous tree. 
 
 durance ('rans), n. imprisonment. 
 
 duration (-ra'shun), n. continuance 
 in time ; permanency. 
 
 duress (du-res' or dfi'res), n. • re- 
 straint of personal liberty by fear 
 or physical force, compelling a per- 
 son to do some act ; imprisonment. 
 
 during (dur'ing), prep, in the time 
 of ; at some period of. 
 
 durometer (du-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for testing the hardness of 
 steel rails. 
 
 durst, p.t. of dare. 
 
 dusk (dusk), adj. tending to dark- 
 ness ; shadowy ; swarthy : n. incip- 
 ient darkness. 
 
 duskily ('i-li), adv. with a tendency 
 to darkness or blackness. 
 
 dust (dust), n. fine dry particles of 
 matter ; a stirring of such fine par- 
 ticles ; state of dissolution ; un- 
 organized matter ; pollen ; obscur- 
 ity; confusion: v.t. to brush away 
 dust from ; cover with a powdered 
 substance. 
 
 dusty ('0, adj. [comp. dustier, 
 superl. dustiest], covered with dust. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
dnt 
 
 Dutch (duch), adj. pertaining to, or 
 characteristic of, the Dutch or Low 
 Germans of Holland, or their lan- 
 guage. 
 
 duteous ('ti-us), adj. fulfilling duty; 
 obedient. 
 
 dutiable (du'ti-a-bl), adj. subject to 
 duty. 
 
 dutiful (-fool), adj. respectful; 
 obedient to parents. 
 
 dutifully- (-li), adv. in a dutiful 
 manner. 
 
 duty ('ti), n. [pi. duties ('tiz)], ob- 
 ligatory service,; tax,' impost, or toll 
 levied by (Government on certain 
 articles. 
 
 duumvir (-um'ver), n. [pi. duumviri 
 ('vi-rl), duumvirs ('verz)l, two an- 
 cient Roman officers of high rank 
 acting together in one capacity or 
 public function. 
 
 duumvirate ('ver-at), n. the joint 
 office of the duumviri. 
 
 dwarf (dwawrf), n. a human being, 
 animal, or plant much below the 
 average height : adj. of smaller size 
 or height than the average : v.t. hin- 
 der from growing to the natural 
 size: v.i. become stunted; grow 
 smaller. 
 
 dwell (dwel), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dwelt, 
 p.pr. dwelling], to reside for a 
 length of time ; have a fixed abode ; 
 continue ; linger : v.t . to inhabit. 
 
 dwelling ('ing), n. a house or place 
 of abode. 
 
 dwindle (dwin'dl), v.i. to become 
 gradually less ; diminish ; decrease. 
 
 Dyak (di'ak), adj. pertaining to the 
 natives of the Malay race inhabiting 
 Borneo. 
 
 dye (di), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dyed, p.pr. 
 dyeing], to stain or color: v.i. to 
 follow the trade of a dyer : n. a col- 
 oring liquid or stain. 
 
 dying ('ing), p.adj. the passing away 
 from life ; decaying physically ; 
 drawing to a close ; the act of ex- 
 piring. 
 
 dys 
 
 dynactinometer ( nak-ti-nom'e-ter ) , 
 n. an instrument for measuring the 
 intensity of the photogenic rays of 
 light and comparing the quickness 
 of action of lenses in photography. 
 
 dynam ('nam), n. a unit of work = 
 1 foot pound. 
 
 dynamic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
 mechanical forces not in equilibrium ; 
 effective. Also dynamical : n.pl. 
 that branch of mechanics which 
 treats of the effects of force in 
 producing motion. Also kinetics. 
 
 dynamitard ('na-mi-tard), n. one 
 who advocates the use of dynamite 
 as a revolutionary agent. Also 
 dynamiter. 
 
 dynamite ('na-mit), n. a highly ex- 
 plosive compound of nitro-glycerine 
 mixed with sawdust or infusorial 
 silica: v.t. to destroy by dynamite. 
 
 dynamo ('na-mo), n. an electric ma- 
 chine for converting mechanical into 
 electric energy. 
 
 dynamograph. (-nam'o-graf), n. an 
 instrument for registering muscular 
 power by compressing a spring held 
 in the hand. 
 
 dynamometer (-na-mom'e-ter), n. an 
 apparatus for measuring the force 
 or power in moving a load, &c. 
 
 dynastic (-nas'tik), adj. pertaining 
 to a dynasty. 
 
 dynasty ('nas-ti), n. [pi. dynasties 
 (-tiz)], a line or succession of sov- 
 ereigns of a particular family ; the 
 length of time during which a cer- 
 tain family reigns. 
 
 dyne (din), n. the force which, act- 
 ing upon a gramme per second, gen- 
 erates a velocity of 1 centimeter. 
 
 dysentery (dis'en-ter-i), n. a tropic- 
 al disease akin to diarrhoea, at- 
 tended with fever. 
 
 dyspepsia (-pep'si-a), n. indiges- 
 tion. 
 
 dyspeptic ('tik), adj. pertaining to, 
 causing, or afflicted with, dyspepsia. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, tfien. 
 
each (ech), adj. & pron. every one; 
 either. 
 
 eager (e'ger), adj. impetuous; vehe- 
 ment; earnest; keen; enthusiastic. 
 
 eagle ('gl), n. a bird of prey, genus 
 Aquila, noted for its strength, size, 
 and keenness of vision ; a gold coin 
 of the United States = 10 dollars ; the 
 military standard of ancient Rome. 
 
 eagle- wood (-wood), n. a highly 
 fragrant resinous wood. Also agal- 
 lochum. 
 
 eaglet ('glet), n. a young eagle. 
 
 ear (er), n. the organ of hearing; 
 delicate perception of sounds; at- 
 tention; a spike of corn; anything 
 that resembles an ear. 
 
 eared (erd), adj. having ears. 
 
 earing (er'ing), n. a small rope for 
 fastening the upper corner of a sail 
 to a yard or stanchion ; a plowing 
 of land; the formation of ears, as 
 in wheat. 
 
 earl (erl), n. nobleman next in rank 
 below a marquis. 
 
 earldom ('dum), n. the possessions 
 or dignity of an earl. 
 
 early (er'li), adj. [comp. earlier, 
 sup erl. earliest], before the usual 
 time ; seasonable : adv. soon ; sea- 
 sonably. 
 
 earmark (er'mark), n. a mark for 
 identification : v.t. to set a distinc- 
 tive mark upon. 
 
 earn (era), v.t. to gain as a just 
 recompense for one's labor, service, 
 &c. ; merit. 
 
 earnest ('est), adj. in serious reality; 
 serious in speech or action ; ardent ; 
 zealous ; eager : n. a portion of 
 something given or done in advance 
 as a pledge. 
 
 earnings ('ingz), n.pl. wages; re- 
 ward. 
 
 earring (er'ring), n. an ear orna- 
 ment. 
 
 earth (erth), n. the inhabited terra- 
 queous globe; the solid materials 
 which compose the globe ; ground ; 
 soil ; a region or land ; worldly 
 things or interests ; the inhabitants 
 of the globe ; that part of the ground 
 forming part of an electric cir- 
 cuit : v.t. to hide or bury in the 
 earth ; place in connection with the 
 earth : v.i. to burrow. 
 
 earthen ('en), adj. made of earth. 
 
 earthenware (-war), n. vessels or 
 other objects made of clay or a 
 similar earthy substance. 
 
 earthly (-li), adj. pertaining to the 
 earth ; sensual ; worldly ; possible ; 
 conceivable. 
 
 earthnut ('nut), n. the ground nut. 
 
 earthquake ('kwak), n. a shaking 
 or trembling of the earth produced 
 by subterranean volcanic forces. 
 
 earthwork (-werk), n. a cutting or 
 embankment ; an offensive or de- 
 fensive fortification constructed 
 chiefly of earth. 
 
 earthworm ('werm), n. a common 
 name for worms that live in the 
 ground. 
 
 earthy ('i), adj. pertaining to, com- 
 posed of, or resembling, the earth; 
 dull ; coarse. 
 
 ear was (er'waks), n. cerumen. 
 
 earwig (er'wig), n. a well-known 
 insect with a pair of curved forceps 
 at its tail : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. earwig- 
 ged, p.pr. ear wigging], to gain the 
 ear of and influence by whispered or 
 covert statements. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
606 
 
 ease (ez), n. freedom from pain, dis- 
 turbance, labor, or affectation ; 
 quiet ; repose ; facility : v.t. to free 
 from pain, anxiety, or trouble ; give 
 rest or relief. 
 
 easel (e'zl), n. a wooden frame or 
 tripod for supporting a canvas, 
 blackboard, &c. 
 
 easement (ez'ment), n. that which 
 gives ease or relief ; a right of ac- 
 commodation in another's land, or a 
 right of passage. 
 
 east (est), n. that part of the heavens 
 where the sun is seen to rise ; one 
 of the four cardinal points ; the 
 eastern part of the earth : adj. com- 
 ing from the east ; near the altar of 
 a church, as seen from the nave : 
 adv. in an easterly direction. 
 
 East (est) , n. the Orient ; eastern part 
 of the United States. 
 
 Easter (es'ter), n. a festival of the 
 Christian Church to commemorate 
 the resurrection of Jesus Christ: 
 adj. pertaining to Easter. 
 
 easterly (-H), adv. situated, or mov- 
 ing towards, the east: adj. in the 
 direction of the east. 
 
 eastern (est'ern), adj. situated to- 
 wards, or lying in, the east. 
 
 Eastern (-era), adj. Oriental. 
 
 Eastern Church (cherch), n. the 
 Orthodox Oriental or Greek Church. 
 
 Eastern Empire (em'pir), n. that 
 part of the later Roman Empire 
 which had its capital at Byzantium 
 ( Constantinople ) . 
 
 Easterner (-er), n. a person who 
 resides in the eastern part of the 
 United States. 
 
 Eastern question (kwes'ehun), n. 
 the term applied to the complicated 
 internal problems arising out of the 
 possession by the Turks of the 
 southeast of Europe, and their re- 
 lations to Russia and adjoining 
 states. 
 
 easting ('ing), n. the distance trav- 
 ersed by a vessel eastward from a 
 given meridian. 
 
 eastward ('ward), adv. toward, or 
 in the direction of, the east. Also 
 eastwards. 
 
 easy (-ez'i), adj. [comp. easier, superl. 
 easiest], free from pain, disturbance, 
 
 &c. ; not burdensome ; moderate ; 
 well-to-do ; credulous ; natural ; not 
 formal ; yielding ; gentle ; self-indul- 
 gent : adv. easily : n. diminution in 
 speed while rowing. 
 
 eat (et), v.t. [p.t. ate, p.p. eaten, p.pr. 
 eating], to chew and swallow, as 
 food; devour; consume; corrode; 
 waste or wear away : v.i. to take 
 food; penetrate; taste. 
 
 eau (6),n. [pi. eaux (oz), (French)], 
 water, especially as applied to per- 
 fumes, cordials, spirituous waters, 
 &c, as eau de cologne. 
 
 eaves (evz), n.pl. the edges of the 
 roof which overhang a building. 
 
 eavesdrop ('drop), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 eavesdropped, p.pr. eavesdropping], 
 to listen to the private conversa- 
 tion of others. 
 
 ebauchoir (a-bo-shwar'), n. a large 
 broad hewing chisel used by statu- 
 aries. 
 
 ebb (eb), n. the flowing back of the 
 tide ; ebb-tide ; decline : v.i. to flow 
 back or return, as the tide to the 
 sea ; decline ; recede. 
 
 eblis (eb'lis), n. the Mohammedan 
 Devil ; in Mohammedan mythology, 
 the chief evil spirit. 
 
 ebonite ('un-it), n. a hard dark va- 
 riety of vulcanite. 
 
 ebonize (-iz), v.t. to make black by 
 staining like ebony. 
 
 ebony ('un-i), n. a hard, heavy, dur- 
 able black-colored wood [pi. ebonies 
 (-iz)], negroes: adj. made of, or 
 like, ebony. 
 
 eboulement (a-bool'mang), n. the 
 crumbling of a wall or fortification ; 
 a landslip ; avalanche. 
 
 ebullition (eb-u-lish'un) , n. the act 
 of boiling ; effervescence ; a sudden 
 outburst of feeling. 
 
 eburine (eb'ti-rin), n. an artificial 
 ivory. 
 
 e carte (a-kar-ta'), n. a game of cards 
 played by two persons with 32 cards, 
 from which those from two to six 
 have been cast out. 
 
 ecaudate (e-kaw'dat), adj. tailless. 
 
 ecbatic (ek-bat'ik), adj. denoting the 
 relation of cause and effect. 
 
 eccentric ('sen-trik), adj. not sit- 
 uated in, or deviating from the cen- 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 ;, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ecc 
 
 ter ; peculiar in manner or char- 
 acter ; erratic ; not having the same 
 center: opposed to concentric^: n. a 
 circle or sphere not having the same 
 center as another circle ; a mechanic- 
 al device for converting continuous 
 circular motion into reciprocating 
 rectilinear motion. 
 
 eccentricity (-tris'i-ti), n. [pi. ec- 
 centricities (-tiz)], deviation from 
 a center ; peculiarity of manner or 
 character ; idiosyncrasy. 
 
 eccliymosis (-i-mo'sis), n. a livid 
 spot on the skin, caused by extrav- 
 asated blood. 
 
 ecclesiastic (e-kle-zi-as'tik), n. a 
 person in holy orders ; a clergyman. 
 
 ecclesiastical (-al), adj. pertaining 
 to the Church and its organization 
 or government. 
 
 ecclesiastically (-li), adv. in an ec- 
 clesiastical manner. 
 
 ecclesiasticism ( -as ' ti -sizm) , n. 
 strong attachment to the forms, 
 usages, organization, and privileges 
 of the Church. 
 
 ecclesiology (-zi-ol'o-ji), n. the 
 science which treats of the Church 
 as an organized society, and of its 
 development ; science of church 
 architecture and decoration. 
 
 echelon (esh'e-lon), n. an arrange- 
 ment of a body of troops in the form 
 of steps ; an arrangement of the 
 vessels of a fleet in V form : v.t. to 
 form in echelon. 
 
 e chin o derm, (e-ki'no-derm), n. an in- 
 dividual of the Echinodermata, a 
 class of animals in Cuvier's system 
 which includes the star-fishes, sea- 
 urchins, &c. 
 
 echinus ('nus), n. [pi. echini ('ni)], 
 a sea-urchin ; a rounded egg-shaped 
 molding. 
 
 echo (ek'o), n. [pi. echoes ('6z)], 
 the repetition of a sound caused by 
 reflection ; the repetition of the 
 words or opinions of others : v.i. 
 [p.t. & p.p. echoed; p.pr. echoing], 
 to emit an echo ; give, or reflect 
 back, a sound : v.t. to repeat the 
 sound of; repeat closely (the words, 
 &c, of others). 
 
 echometry (e-kom'e-tri), n. the art 
 of measuring the duration of sounds. 
 
 eclair (a-klar'), n. a small oblong 
 cake containing flavored cream, &c, 
 covered on the top with sugar or 
 chocolate. 
 
 eclaircissement (-ses'mang), n. an 
 explanation or clearing up of some- 
 thing previously obscure or misun- 
 derstood. 
 
 eclat (a-kla'), n. a bursting forth, as 
 of applause or admiration ; renown ; 
 striking effect ; splendor. 
 
 eclectic (ek-lek'tik), adj. selecting or 
 choosing from different systems, doc- 
 trines, or sources ; liberal and broad 
 in taste or belief : n. one of a class 
 of ancient philosophers. 
 
 eclecticism ('ti-sizm), n. the eclectic 
 system of philosophy. 
 
 eclipse (e-klips'), n. the total or par- 
 tial obscuration of the light of a 
 heavenly body caused by its entering 
 the shadow of another body : hence 
 diminution : obscuration ; temporary 
 failure : adj. pertaining to an 
 eclipse : v.t. to cover or obscure by 
 an eclipse ; darken or conceal ; over- 
 shadow. 
 
 ecliptic (-klip'tik), n. the apparent 
 path of the sun, or real path of the 
 earth, in the heavens during a year. 
 
 eclogue (ek'log), n. a pastoral poem. 
 
 economic (ek-o, or e-ko-nom'ik), adj. 
 frugal ; saving ; pertaining to do- 
 mestic economy. Also economical : 
 n.pl. political economy. 
 
 economically (-al-li), adv. with 
 economy. 
 
 economist (-kon'6-mist), n. one pru- 
 dent in expenditure ; a student of 
 political economy. 
 
 economize ('o-miz), v.t. to manage 
 with care or frugality: v.i. to be 
 careful in outlay. 
 
 economy ('o-mi), n. [pi. economies 
 (-miz)], the regulation of household 
 affairs ; frugality in expenditure ; 
 any system of religious laws, rites, 
 or ceremonies. 
 
 ecorche (a-kor-sha'), n. an anatom- 
 ical model, represented as deprived 
 of the skin ; to exhibit for study the 
 muscular system. 
 
 ecrevisse (a-kre-ves'), n. a piece of 
 armor formed of overlapping splints 
 resembling the tail of the crawfish. 
 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
•«r 
 
 6cru (a-kroo'), adj. unbleached: said 
 of the color of textile fabrics. 
 
 ecstasy (ek'sta-si), n. [pi. ecstasies 
 (-siz)], the state of being beside 
 one's self ; excessive joy ; a kind of 
 cataleptic trance. 
 
 ecstatic (-stat'ik), adj. overpower- 
 ing ; rapturous ; entrancing. Also 
 ecstatical. 
 
 ecstatically (-al-li), adv. raptur- 
 ously. 
 
 ectasis (ek'ta-sis), n. the pronuncia- 
 tion of a vowel as long, or its length- 
 ing if short. 
 
 ectoblast ('to-blast), n. an outer cell 
 wall. 
 
 ectocyst ('sist), n. the outer covering 
 of a polyzobn. 
 
 ectoderm (-derm), n. the external 
 skin, or outer layer, of an animal or 
 plant. 
 
 ectoplasm (-plazm), n. the exterior 
 protoplasm or sarcode of a cell. 
 
 ectozoa (-zo'a), n.pl. external para- 
 sites. 
 
 ectype (ek'tip), n. a reproduction or 
 imitation of an original design. 
 
 ectypography (-ti-pog'ra-fi), n. a 
 method of etching in relief. 
 
 eeu (a-koo'), n. a mediaeval shield ; the 
 name of various gold and silver coins 
 formerly current in France. 
 
 ecumenic (ek-u-men'ik), adj. gen- 
 eral ; universal, pertaining to the 
 Christian Church throughout the 
 world : said of certain councils of 
 the Church. Also ecumenical. 
 
 eczema ('ze-ma), n. an inflammatory 
 disease of the skin. 
 
 eddy (ed'i), n. [pi. eddies ('iz)], a 
 contrary current of air or water 
 causing a circular motion ^_a small 
 whirlpool : v.i. to move with a circu- 
 lar motion ; whirl. 
 
 edelweiss (a'dl-vis) , n. a small peren- 
 nial white, woolly, composite Alpine 
 plant. 
 
 Eden (e'dn), n. paradise; any partic- 
 ularly delightful region or residence. 
 
 edge (ej), n. the thin, sharp or cut- 
 ting part of an instrument ; extreme 
 border ; brink ; margin ; keenness ; 
 mental acuteness : v.t. to furnish 
 with an edge or a border ; exasper- 
 ate ; incite ; move forward little by 
 
 edu 
 
 little: v.i. to sail close to the wind. 
 
 edged ('d), p. adj. furnished with an 
 edge, border, or fringe. 
 
 edge-tool (tool), n. any sharp tool. 
 
 edging ('ing), n. that which forms 
 an edge or border ; narrow lace or 
 embroidery for a garment ; the oper- 
 ation of shaping or ornamenting 
 anything. 
 
 edible ('i-bl), adj. fit to be eaten as 
 food : n. something fit to be eaten 
 (usually in pi.). 
 
 edict (e'dikt), n. a public proclama- 
 tion or decree issued by a sovereign 
 and having the force of a law. 
 
 edification (ed-i-fi-ka'shun), n. a 
 building up in a moral or religious 
 sense ; instruction. 
 
 edify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. edified, 
 p.pr. edifying], to build up or 
 strengthen, especially in faith or 
 morals ; impart instruction to. 
 
 edit ('it), v.t. to revise and prepare 
 for publication ; direct, select, and 
 adapt literary matter for the press ; 
 make a revision of. 
 
 edition (e-dish'un), n. the published 
 form of a literary work ; the number 
 of copies of a book, magazine, or 
 newspaper published at one time ; 
 reproduction. 
 
 editor (ed'i-ter), n. one who superin- 
 tends, revises, or prepares a literary 
 work for publication ; one who con- 
 ducts a newspaper, magazine, &c. 
 
 editorial (-tor'i-al), adj. pertaining 
 to an editor, or his duties : n. a 
 leading article. 
 
 editress ('i-tres), n. a female editor. 
 
 educate ('u-kat) , v.t. to impart 
 knowledge to ; cultivate the moral or 
 intellectual faculties of; instruct: 
 train. 
 
 education (-ka'shun), n. the act, pro- 
 cess, or result of educating ; the sys- 
 tematic training of the moral and 
 intellectual faculties ; the rearing of 
 animals. 
 
 educationist ('shun-ist), ft. one 
 versed in the art, theory, and meth- 
 ods of education ; one who advocates 
 the promotion and extension of edu- 
 cation. 
 
 educator (-ka-ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, educates ; a tutor ; an 
 educationist. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
edn 
 
 eff 
 
 educe (e-dus')» v.t. to draw out; 
 evolve ; bring to light. 
 
 eduction (e-duk'shun), n. the act of 
 exhausting, as steam. 
 
 eductive ('tiv), adj. drawing out. 
 
 eel (el), n. an elongated fish, destitute 
 of ventral fins, having a slippery 
 mucous skin. 
 
 eelbuck ('buk), n. a funnel-shaped 
 wicker basket for catching eels. 
 
 eelfare ('far), n. the passage of 
 young eels up a stream ; a brood of 
 eels. 
 
 eel-pout ('pout), n. the burbot. 
 . e'en (en), contraction of even and 
 evening. 
 
 e'er (ar), contraction of ever. 
 
 eerie (e'ri), adj. lonely; weird; 
 gloomy ; mysterious. Also eery. 
 
 efface (ef-fas'), v.t. to obliterate; 
 render indistinguishable ; destroy. 
 
 effaceable ('a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being effaced. 
 
 eff a cement ('ment), n. obliteration. 
 
 effect (ef-fekf), v.t. to produce as a 
 cause, consequence, or result; ac- 
 complish ; fulfil : n. result ; purpose : 
 realization ; efficiency ; purport : pi. 
 goods ; personal estate. 
 
 effective ('iv), adj. having the power 
 to effect ; operative ; efficient ; pow- 
 erful : n. a soldier fit for duty. 
 
 effectual ('u-al), adj. producing, or 
 having, effect ; completely operative ; 
 efficient. 
 
 effectually (-li), adv. in an effectual 
 manner. 
 
 effeminacy (-fem'i-na-si), n. the 
 quality of being effeminate ; woman- 
 ish softness or delicacy ; unmanli- 
 ness. 
 
 effeminate ('i-nat), v.t. to make 
 womanish or delicate ; unman : v.i. 
 become womanish : adj. having the 
 qualities or characteristics of a 
 woman ; delicate or unmanly. 
 
 efferent ('fer-ent), adj. conveying or 
 discharging outwards. 
 
 effervesce (-ves'), v.i. to be in a 
 state of natural ebullition; bubble 
 or hiss. 
 
 effervescence ('ens), n. the state or 
 condition of effervescing ; irrepressi- 
 ble excitement ; a display of feeling. 
 
 effervescent Cent), adj. gently bub- 
 
 bling and hissing from the giving off 
 of gas. 
 
 effervescible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
 effervescing. 
 
 effete (-fef), adj. worn out; barren; 
 exhausted. 
 
 efficacious (-i-ka'shus), adj. produc- 
 ing, or capable of producing, a de- 
 sired effect. 
 
 efficacy (-ka-si), n. power to produce 
 results or effects; ability. 
 
 efficiency (-fish'en-si), n. effectual 
 agency or power ; the state of being 
 efficient. 
 
 efficient ('ent), adj. producing or 
 causing effects or results ; powerful ; 
 ready : n. an agent or cause ; a qual- 
 ified person. 
 
 effigy t'i-ji), n. [pi. effigies (-jiz)l, 
 an image ; a likeness or figure in 
 sculpture, painting, or on coins, &c. 
 
 effloresce (flo-res'), v.i. to blossom; 
 become covered with a whitish crust 
 or fine white crystals. 
 
 efflorescence ('ens), n. the time or 
 state of flowering ; the production of 
 flowers ; redness of the skin ; the 
 formation of fine white crystals on 
 the surface of efflorescing substances. 
 
 efflorescent Cent), adj. blossoming. 
 
 effluence ('flu-ens), n. an issuing out. 
 
 effluent (-ent), adj. flowing or issu- 
 ing forth : n. a stream which flows 
 out of another or forms the outlet of 
 a lake. 
 
 effluvial ('vi-al), adj. pertaining to 
 
 ^/effluvia. 
 
 effluvium ('vi-um), n. [pi. effluvia 
 (-a) ], an invisible subtle emanation ; 
 disagreeable exhalations arising from 
 decaying matter. 
 
 efflux ('fluks), n. the act of flowing 
 out ; effluence ; emanation ; a passing 
 away. 
 
 effoliation (-fol-i-a'shun), n. the de- 
 priving of leaves : said of a plant. 
 
 effort ('fort), n. strenuous exertion, 
 physical or mental ; struggle ; at- 
 tempt. 
 
 effrontery (-frunt'er-i), n. impu- 
 dence. 
 
 effulgence (-ful'jens), n. a great lus- 
 ter, brightness, or splendor. 
 
 effusion (-fti'zhun), n. the act of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Men. 
 
eff 
 
 ela 
 
 pouring out, or shedding forth ; an 
 outpouring of thought or sentiment ; 
 the escape of a fluid from the vessel 
 inclosing it. 
 
 effusive ('siv), adj. pouring forth 
 freely or widely. 
 
 eft (eft), n. a newt. 
 
 egad (e-gad'), inter j. an exclamation 
 of wonder, pleasure, or admiration. 
 
 egg (eg), n. the oval or roundish body 
 laid by birds and certain other ani- 
 mals, from which their young are 
 produced ; something shaped like an 
 egg; the germ or first principle of 
 anything: v.t. to urge on or incite; 
 pelt with eggs. 
 
 egging ('ing), n. incitement. 
 
 egis, same as aegis. 
 
 eglantine ('lan-tln), n. the dog-rose. 
 
 ego (e'go), n. self; personality. 
 
 egoism (-izm), n. the habit of re- 
 garding self as the center of every- 
 thing; the doctrine that everything 
 is uncertain but the fact of one's 
 existence. 
 
 egoist (-ist), n. an adherent of ego- 
 ism. 
 
 egotism (e'go-, or eg'o-tizm), n. self- 
 exaltation in thought, speech, or 
 writing; vanity. 
 
 egotist (-tist), n. one characterized 
 by egotism. 
 
 egotistic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 characterized by, egotism. Also ego- 
 tistical. 
 
 egregious (e-gre'jus), adj. extraordi- 
 nary. 
 
 egress ('gres), n. departure. 
 
 egret ('gret), «. a species of heron; a 
 heron's plume ; the feathery down of 
 seeds. 
 
 egyptology ('o-ji), n. the science or 
 scientific investigation of Egyptian 
 antiquities and hieroglyphics. 
 
 eider (I'der), n. a large marine duck, 
 the down of which is an article of 
 commercial value. 
 
 eido graph ('do-graf), n. an appara- 
 tus for copying drawings, &c. 
 
 eidoscope (-skop), n. an instrument 
 for producing an infinite variety of» 
 geometrical figures. 
 
 eight (at), adj. one more than 7: a 
 
 cardinal numeral : n. the sum of 7 
 and 1 ; a symbol (8, VIII., viii.), de- 
 noting this number. 
 
 eighteen (a'ten), adj. one more than 
 17 : a cardinal numeral : n. the sum 
 of 17 and 1; a symbol (18, XVIII., 
 xviii.), denoting this number. 
 
 eighteenmo (-mo), n. a book whose 
 sheets are folded into 18 leaves. Oc- 
 todecimo. 
 
 eighteenth ('tenth), adj. next in or- 
 der after 17th : an ordinal numeral. 
 
 eighth (at'th), adj. next after sev- 
 enth : an ordinal numeral : n. an in- 
 terval of an octave. 
 
 eightieth (a'ti-eth), adj. next to 
 79th. 
 
 eightscore ('skor), adj. containing 
 eight times 20 : n. 160. 
 
 eighty ('ti), adj. 8 times 10. 
 
 eikon (I'kon), n. [pi. eikones ('ko- 
 nez)], a holy image; a sacred pic- 
 ture used in the Greek Church. 
 
 eis-wool (Is'wool), n. a fine kind of 
 worsted. 
 
 either (e' or I'f^er), adj. one or the 
 other of two ; both : pron. one of 
 two : conj. the correlative to or. 
 
 ejaculate (e-jak'u-lat), v.t. to utter 
 suddenly : v.i. to utter ejaculations. 
 
 ejaculation (-la/shun), n. the act of 
 uttering suddenly ; an exclamation. 
 
 ejaculatory ( 'u-la-to-ri ) , ad/, uttered 
 suddenly or sharply. 
 
 eject (e-jekt'), v.t. to cast forth; dis- 
 miss from office ; evict. 
 
 ejecta ('a), n.pl. refuse. 
 
 ejection (-jek'shun), n. expulsion. 
 
 ejective ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
 ejection. 
 
 ejectment ('ment), n. the act of 
 ejecting; an action for the recovery 
 of lands, &c. 
 
 ejector ('ter), n. one who, or that 
 which, ejects. 
 
 ejoo-fiber (ej'65-fi'ber), it. a strong 
 black fiber, used in commerce. 
 
 eke (ek), v.t. to extend or lengthen 
 (with out) : adv. also; likewise 
 [poet.]. 
 
 elaborate (e-lab'6-rat), v.t. to pro- 
 duce with labor ; improve or refine 
 with study or labor : adj. highly-fin- 
 ished ; complicated. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ela 
 
 ele 
 
 elaborately (-li), adv. in an elab- 
 orate manner. 
 
 elaborator (-ra-ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, elaborates. 
 
 elain, same as olein. 
 
 elan (a-lang'), n. dash. 
 
 eland (e'land), n. the Cape elk. 
 
 elapse (-laps'), v.i. to slip or glide 
 away ; run out without notice. 
 
 elastic (-las'tik) , adj. springing back : 
 having the power of returning to its 
 original form ; rebounding ; springy ; 
 capable of extension : n. an elastic 
 woven fabric made in part of india- 
 rubber. 
 
 elasticity (-tis'i-ti), n. the quality of 
 being elastic ; power to recover from 
 depression. 
 
 elastic-tissue (-tish'u), n. elastic 
 light yellow tissue in the ligaments 
 of the vertebra?. 
 
 elate (-laf), v.t. to raise the spirits 
 of; cause to feel exultant; excite; 
 puff up. 
 
 elation (-la'shun), n. the state of be- 
 ing elated ; joyful elevation of mind. 
 
 elbow (el'bo), n. the joint or bend of 
 the arm ; anything bent or curved 
 like an elbow : v.t. to thrust on one 
 side : v.i. to jut into an angle ; push 
 rudely. 
 
 elder ('der), adj. older; exceeding an- 
 other in age; prior in time, origin, 
 or appointment : n. one older in age, 
 rank, or station ; a lay member of 
 the Jewish Sanhedrim ; one of a 
 body of laymen, in certain churches, 
 authorized to superintend its spir- 
 itual interests, and to assist the 
 minister; a shrub or tree with a 
 spongy pith and purple berries. 
 
 elderly ('li), adj. somewhat old. 
 
 eldest ('est), adj. oldest; firstborn. 
 
 El Dorado (do-ra'do), n. an imagin- 
 ary country in South America, fa- 
 bled to be very rich in gold and 
 precious stones: hence an inexhaus- 
 tible treasure. '* 
 
 elect (e-lekf), v.t. to choose for any 
 office or use ; choose by ballot ; select 
 from a number : adj. taken in prefer- 
 ence ; chosen to an office but not yet 
 invested with the dignity: n.pl. 
 those chosen to eternal life by Di- 
 vine Sovereignty. 
 
 election (-lek'shun), n. the act of 
 electing ; voluntary preference ; the 
 act of choosing a person for some of- 
 fice or function by show of hands, or 
 ballot ; the selection by Divine Sov- 
 ereignty of certain individuals to 
 eternal life ; one of the five points of 
 Calvinism. 
 
 electioneer (-shun-er'), v.i. to em- 
 ploy means for influencing the result 
 of an election. 
 
 electioneering ('ing), n. the act of 
 canvassing for, or the means em- 
 ployed to secure, votes at an elec- 
 tion. 
 
 elective (-lek'tiv), adj. regulated by 
 choice ; exerting the power of choice : 
 opposed to hereditary ; having the 
 tendency to attract, or combine with. 
 
 elector ('ter), n. one legally qualified 
 to vote ; a member of a United 
 States electoral college; one of the 
 German princes who formerly pos- 
 sessed the power of electing the Em- 
 peror. 
 
 electoral (-al), adj. pertaining to 
 elections or electors; having the 
 rights of an elector. 
 
 electoral college (kol'ej), n. body 
 of representatives elected by the vot- 
 ers of the several states to choose a 
 president of the United States. 
 
 electorate ('to-rat) , n. the whole body 
 of persons entitled to vote ; the dig- 
 nity or territory of an elector of the 
 old German empire. 
 
 electric ('trik), adj. pertaining to, 
 containing, generated by, or pro- 
 duced by, electricity ; magnetic. Also 
 electrical. 
 
 electrically (-al-li), adv. by elec- 
 tricity. 
 
 electrician (-trish'un), n. one who 
 is skilled in the science of electric- 
 ity ; the maker or vendor of electri- 
 cal appliances. 
 
 electricity (-tris'i-ti), n. an impon- 
 derable and invisible agent produc- 
 ing light, heat, chemical decomposi- 
 tion, and other physical phenomena ; 
 the science of the laws and phenom- 
 ena which characterize electricity. 
 
 electricnte (-kut), v.t. same as elec- 
 trocute. 
 
 electrifiable ( 'tri-f i-a-bl ) , adj. capa- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ele 
 
 ele 
 
 ble of receiving, being charged with, 
 or transmitting, electricity. 
 
 electrification (-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of electrifying ; the state of be- 
 ing electrified. 
 
 electrify ('tri-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 electrified, p.pr. electrifying], to 
 charge with, or act upon, by elec- 
 tricity ; pass an electric current 
 through. Also electrize. 
 
 electro, a prefix denoting electricity 
 as the motive power, or operating 
 agent, used in many words, the 
 meaning of which is self-evident, as 
 eZec/ro-engrave, electro-gild, &c. 
 
 electro-biology (-bl-oi'o-ji), n. mes- 
 merism. 
 
 electro-cautery (-kaw'ter-i) , n. cau- 
 terizing by a platinum wire heated 
 by electricity. * 
 
 electrocute ('tro-kut), v.t. to put to 
 death (a criminal) by an electric 
 current. 
 
 electrocution (-ku'shun), n. the act 
 of electrocuting. 
 
 electrode (e-lek'trod), n. either of 
 the terminals of an electric source ; 
 anode or cathode. 
 
 electro- dynamics (-di-nam'iks), n. 
 that branch of physics which treats 
 of electric currents. 
 
 electro-dynamometer (-na-mom'e- 
 ter), n. an instrument for measur- 
 ing the strength of an electric cur- 
 rent. 
 
 electro graph (-graf), n. an appara- 
 tus used in preparing copper cylin- 
 ders for printing fabrics and wall- 
 papers. 
 
 electrography (-trog'ra-fi), n. a pro- 
 cess of copying fine engravings on 
 copper or steel by means of an elec- 
 tro-copper deposit. 
 
 electrokinetics (-ki-net'iks), n. that 
 branch of electrical science which 
 treats of electric currents, or elec- 
 tricity in motion, as distinguished 
 from electrostatics. 
 
 electrolier (-tr5-ler'), n. an orna- 
 mental metal bracket for supporting 
 electric lamps. 
 
 electrolysis (-trol'i-sis), n. the de- 
 composition of a chemical com- 
 pound by electricity into its compo- 
 nent parts. 
 
 electrolyze ('tro-liz), v.t. to decom- 
 l pose by the direct action of elec- 
 tricity or galvanism. 
 
 electro-magnet (-mag'net), n. a coil 
 of soft iron rendered magnetic by 
 the passage of an electric current 
 through it. 
 
 electromagnetics (-mag-net'iks), n. 
 the science of electro-magnetism. 
 
 electromassage (-mas-aj'), n. mas- 
 sage with the application of an elec- 
 tric current. 
 
 electrometallurgy (-met'al-er-ji), n. 
 the art of precipitating certain met- 
 als from their solutions, or of sep- 
 arating metals from their ores, &c, 
 by a slow electric current. 
 
 electrometer (-trom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring the amount 
 of electrical force. 
 
 electromotor (-mo'ter), n. any ar- 
 rangement, or apparatus, which pro- 
 duces or excites an electric current ; 
 a dynamo. 
 
 electron (e-lek'tron), n. an electrical 
 unit. 
 
 electronegative (-neg'a-tiv), adj. 
 having a tendency to pass to the pos- 
 itive pole in electrolysis. 
 
 electropathy (-trop'a-thi), n. the 
 treatment of diseases by electricity. 
 
 electrophone (-fon), n. an instru-. 
 ment for producing resonant sounds 
 by electric currents ; a form of tele- 
 phonic transmitter. 
 
 electrophorus (-trof'o-rus), n. an 
 instrument for generating statical 
 electricity by induction. 
 
 electrophotometer ( -f o-tom'e-ter ) , 
 n. an instrument for comparing the 
 brightness of various lights with 
 that produced by an electric spark. 
 
 electrophotomicrography (-fo-to- 
 mi-krog'ra-fi ) , n. photographing by 
 electric light objects magnified by 
 the microscope. 
 
 electrophysiology (-fiz-i-ol'o-ji), w. 
 that branch of electricity which in- 
 vestigates the electric phenomena of 
 living organisms. 
 
 electroplate ('tro-plat), v.t. to cov- 
 er or give a coating of metal to by 
 means of a current of electricity : n. 
 an article thus coated : generally ap- 
 plied to silver plate. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 D. 20. book; hue, but; think, then. 
 
ele 
 
 elf 
 
 electropositive (-poz'i-tiv), adj. 
 tending to pass to the negative pole 
 in electrolysis. 
 
 electroscope (-skop), n. an electrom. 
 eter. 
 
 electrotherapeutics, see electropa- 
 thy. 
 
 electrotechnics (-tek'niks), n. the 
 science of the processes or methods 
 in which electricity is applied to the 
 industrial arts. 
 
 electrotinting (-tint'ing) , n. a meth- 
 od of producing a design, &c, in re- 
 lief on a metal plate, the lines of 
 which when exposed in an electro- 
 bath are protected by an agent. 
 
 electrotype ('tro-tip), n. a facsimile 
 in metal of any object made by cov- 
 ering a mold, plate, &c.,with a coat- 
 ing of copper by the action of a gal- 
 vanic electric current : v.t. to take a 
 copy of by electrical deposition. 
 
 elect rum ( 'trum) , n. amber ; German 
 silver plate. 
 
 electuary (-lek'-tu-a-ri), n. a purga- 
 tive composed of powders and fruit 
 preserves. 
 
 eleemosynary (el-e-mos'i-na-ri), adj. 
 pertaining to alms ; devoted to chari- 
 table purposes ; dependent upon 
 charity : n. one who lives on alms. 
 
 elegance ('e-gans),) n. [pi. elegances 
 (-gan-siz)], the state or quality of 
 being elegant; polish; refinement; 
 symmetry. 
 
 elegant (-gant), adj. characterized by 
 refinement and good taste; refined; 
 polished; beautiful in form, color, 
 or design. 
 
 elegiac (el-e-ji'ak, or e-le'ji-ak), adj. 
 pertaining to, or of the nature of, an 
 elegy ; plaintive ; mournful : n. a song 
 expressing sorrow ; a funeral song. 
 
 elegit (e-le'jit), n. a writ of execu- 
 tion under which a creditor can hold 
 a debtor's goods until his claim is 
 satisfied. 
 
 ©legy (el'e-ji), n. [pi. elegies (-jiz)], 
 a funeral song or ode; dirge; re- 
 quiem. 
 
 element (el'e-ment), n. a first or con- 
 stituent principle; a component or 
 essential part ; a substance which 
 cannot be decomposed by any known 
 method; natural environment; in- 
 
 gredient: pi. the letters or sounds 
 of the alphabet; the Eucharistic 
 bread and wine. 
 
 elemental ( 'al ) , adj. pertaining to, or 
 characteristic of, an element; fun- 
 damental. Also elementary. 
 
 elephant ('e-fant), n. a large five- 
 toed proboscidian mammal with a 
 flexible trunk and large tusks. 
 
 elephantiasis (-tl'a-sis), n. a cuta- 
 neous disease resembling leprosy. 
 
 elephantine ('tin), adj. pertaining 
 to, or resembling, an elephant; 
 huge ; unwieldy. 
 
 elephant oid ('toid), adj. like an ele- 
 phant. 
 
 elevate (el'e-vat), v.t. to raise from 
 a lower to a higher position; enno- 
 ble ; animate ; inspire ; raise by train- 
 ing or education; to intoxicate 
 slightly. 
 
 elevation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
 elevating; the state of being ele- 
 vated ; a sketch plan of the front or 
 principal side of a building ; the alti- 
 tude of a heavenly body above the 
 horizon ; raising of the land by seis- 
 mic or other agency; slight intoxi- 
 cation. 
 
 elevator (-ter), ». that which raises 
 up or exalts ; a hoisting machine or 
 lift ; a warehouse for the storage of 
 grain. 
 
 elevatory (-to-ri), adj. tending to 
 elevate. 
 
 eleven (e-lev'n), adj. 10 with 1 added : 
 a cardinal numeral : ». the sum of 10 
 with 1 added. 
 
 eleventh (-lev'nth), adj. next in or- 
 der after 10th : an ordinal numeral ; 
 constituting one of 11 parts : n. one 
 of 11 equal parts. 
 
 elf (elf), n. [pi. elves (elvz)], a di- 
 minutive mischievous sprite supposed 
 to haunt hills and wild places; a 
 dwarf; fairy. 
 
 elf -child ('child), n. a child believed 
 to have been left by the fairies in 
 the place of one stolen by them; a 
 changeling. 
 
 elfin ('fin), n. an inhabitant of fairy- 
 land ; a sportive child : adj. pertain- 
 ing to elves. 
 
 elf -fire (elf 'fir), n. will-o'-the-wisp. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, but; think, i/ten« 
 
elf 
 
 elfish ('ish), adj. resembling, or 
 caused by, an elf; mischievous. 
 
 elf kin ('kin), n. a little elf. 
 
 elf-lock ('lok), n. a knot of hair 
 twisted in an intricate manner. 
 
 elicit (e-lis'it), v.t. to draw out. 
 
 elide (-lid'), v.t. to slur over, or cut 
 off, as a final vowel. 
 
 eligibility (el-i-ji-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being eligible. 
 
 eligible (el'i-ji-bl), adj. capable of 
 being, or fit to be, chosen ; legally 
 qualified. 
 
 eliminate (e-lim'i-nat), v.t. to leave 
 out of consideration, or cast aside. 
 
 eliqnate (el'i-kwat), v.t. to separate 
 or melt out, as metal from ore. 
 
 elision (e-lizh'un), n. the cutting off 
 of a vowel or syllable for the sake 
 of euphony, as o'er for over. 
 
 elite (a-lef), n. the choicest part, as 
 of society, a profession, an army, &c. 
 
 elixir (-lik'ser), n. an imaginary 
 liquid of the alchemists supposed to 
 be capable of prolonging life indefi- 
 nitely, and of changing baser metals 
 into gold; a tincture, essence, or 
 cordial. 
 
 elk (elk) , n. a very large deer of North 
 America and Northern Europe ; the 
 moose-deer. 
 
 elkwood ('wood), n. the wood of the 
 umbrella-tree. 
 
 ell (el), n. a measure formerly used 
 for cloth, varying in different coun- 
 tries, an English ell being 45 inches. 
 
 ellipse (el-lips'), n. one of the sec- 
 tions of a cone ; the elliptical orbit 
 of a planet. 
 
 ellipsis ('is), n. the omission of a 
 word or words in a sentence, the 
 sense of which is obvious. 
 
 ellipsoid ('oid), n. an elliptical sphe- 
 roid. 
 
 elliptic (-lip'tik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or formed like, an ellipse ; having a 
 part omitted. Also elliptical. 
 
 elliptically (-al-li), adv. in an ellip- 
 tical manner. 
 
 ellipticity (-lip-tis'i-ti), n. the qual- 
 ity of being elliptic ; the extent of 
 any divergence of any ellipse from 
 the circle. 
 
 elm (elm), n. a tree of various spe- 
 cies belonging to the genus Ulmus. 
 
 elocution (el-o-ku'shun), n. the art, 
 manner, or style of speaking in pub- 
 lic ; delivery. 
 
 elocutionary (-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to elocution. 
 
 elocutionist (-ist), n. one skilled in, 
 or a teacher of, the art of elocution. 
 
 elod (el'od), n. the odic force of elec- 
 tricity. 
 
 eloge (a-lozh'), n. a funeral oration, 
 especially one pronounced on the 
 death of a member of the French 
 Academy. 
 
 Elohim (el'o-him), n. one of the 
 Old Testament names of God. 
 
 elongate ( e-16ng'gat ) , v.t. to stretch 
 out ; extend ; lengthen. 
 
 elongation (-ga'shun), n. extension. 
 
 elope (e-lop'), v.i. to escape private- 
 ly ; run away with a lover or para- 
 mour. 
 
 elopement ('ment), n. running away. 
 
 eloquence (el'o-kwens), n. the art of 
 speaking with fluency and elegance. 
 
 eloquent (-kwent), adj. having the 
 power of fluent and elegant oratory. 
 
 else (els), adv. besides; otherwise. 
 
 elsewhere ('hwar), adv. in another 
 place. 
 
 elucidate (e-lus'i-dat), v.t. to make 
 clear; render intelligible; illustrate. 
 
 elucidator ( 'i-da-ter ) , n. one who 
 elucidates ; an expositor. 
 
 elude (e-lud'), v.t. to avoid by artifice 
 or dexterity ; shun ; escape. 
 
 elusion (-lu'zhun), n. evasion; arti- 
 fice. 
 
 elusive ('siv), adj. deceptive; falla- 
 cious. 
 
 elusory ('so-ri), adj. evasive; decep- 
 tive. 
 
 el van (Van), adj. pertaining to elves. 
 
 elver ('ver), n. a young conger. 
 
 elves, pi. of elf. 
 
 elysian (-liz'i-an), adj. pertaining to 
 elysium ; yielding the highest enjoy- 
 ment. 
 
 Elysium ('i-um), n. the Greek Para- 
 dise or residence of the blessed after 
 death ; a condition of perfect happi- 
 ness. 
 
 em (em), n. the square body of any 
 size of type, serving as a unit of 
 measurement. 
 
 emaciate (e-ma'shi-at), v.t. to lose 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ema 
 
 cmb 
 
 flesh gradually; pine away: v.t. to 
 make thin. 
 
 emanate (em'a-nat), v.i. to flow out, 
 issue, or proceed, as from a source. 
 
 emancipate (e-man'si-pat), v.t. to 
 liberate from servitude or bondage; 
 set free ; enfranchise. 
 
 emancipator (-pa-ter), n. a libera- 
 tor. 
 
 emarginate (-mar'gin-at), adj. in- 
 dented at the edges ; having the apex 
 notched. 
 
 emasculate (-mas'ku-lat), v.t. to 
 castrate ; deprive of virility ; weaken 
 by expurgation : adj. castrated ; de- 
 prived of vigor. 
 
 embalm (em-bam'), v.t. to preserve 
 from decay by balsams or aromatic 
 spices; keep from putrefaction by 
 antiseptics. 
 
 embank (-bangk'), v.t. to inclose 
 with a bank ; protect by a bank. 
 
 embankment ('ment), n. a bank of 
 earth, stones, &c, for protection or 
 defense. 
 
 embargo (-bar'go), n. [pi. embar- 
 goes ( 'goz ) ] , an order by authority 
 prohibiting the departure of vessels 
 from a port. 
 
 embark (-bark'), v.t. to put on board 
 ship ; venture or invest : v.i. to go 
 on board a vessel ; engage in any 
 affairs. 
 
 embarrass (-bar'as), v.t. to hinder; 
 perplex ; involve in pecuniary diffi- 
 culties ; distress. 
 
 embarrassment (-ment), n. confu- 
 sion of mind ; pecuniary difficulties. 
 
 embassy ('ba-si), n. [pi. embassies 
 (-iz)], the public function, mission, 
 or official residence of an ambassa- 
 dor ; a legation. 
 
 embattled (-bat'ld), p. adj. furnished 
 with battlements; drawn up in bat- 
 tle array. 
 
 embed (-bed'), v.t. to lay in, or as in, 
 a bed ; set in surrounding matter. 
 
 embellish (-bel'ish), v.t. to make 
 beautiful ; set off by ornamentation. 
 
 ember ('ber), w. a small live coal or 
 unextinguished smoldering ashes. 
 
 embezzle (-bez'l), v.t. to appropriate 
 fraudulently, as property entrusted 
 to one's care. 
 
 embitter (-bit'er), v.t. to make bit- 
 
 ter, or more bitter ; exasperate. 
 Also imbitter. 
 
 emblazon (-bla'zn), v.t. to adorn 
 with heraldic figures; blazon; deco- 
 rate ; celebrate the praises of. 
 
 emblazonry (-ri), n. [pi. emblazon- 
 ries (-riz)], heraldic decoration. 
 
 emblem ('blem), n. a symbolical fig- 
 ure or design; a visible sign of an 
 idea. 
 
 emblemata (-ble'ma-ta), n.pl. de- 
 tachable figures with which the an- 
 cients ornamented gold, silver, or 
 other metallic vessels. 
 
 emblematic (-blem-at'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to an emblem ; symbolical. 
 Also emblematical. 
 
 emblematically (-al-li), adv. in an 
 emblematical manner. 
 
 emblements ('ble-ments), n.pl. an- 
 nual crops produced by the labor of 
 the cultivator. 
 
 embodier (-bod'i-er), n. one who em- 
 bodies. 
 
 embodiment ('i-ment), n. the act of 
 embodying, or uniting in a whole. 
 
 embody (-bod'i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. em- 
 bodied, p.pr. embodying], to collect 
 into one mass or united whole ; in- 
 vest with, or as with, a material 
 body : v.i. to coalesce. 
 
 embolden (em-bold'en), v.t. to en- 
 courage. 
 
 embolism ('bo-lizm), n. an intercala- 
 tion ; the insertion of days, months, 
 or years into the calendar to pro- 
 duce regularity of time ; the presence 
 of obstructing clots in the blood ves- 
 sels. 
 
 embolns ('bo-lus), n. [pi. emboli 
 (-11)], something inserted and act- 
 ing in another thing, as a piston- 
 rod. 
 
 embonpoint (ang-bong-pwang'), n. 
 plumpness of figure, especially of 
 the bust. 
 
 embosom (em-booz'um), v.t. to hold 
 in the bosom ; inclose in the midst ; 
 shelter. 
 
 emboss (-bos'), v.t. to cover with 
 bosses or studs ; raise in relief from 
 the surface. 
 
 embossing ('ing), n. the art of pro- 
 ducing raised or projecting figures or 
 designs in relief on surfaces. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
emb 
 
 emi 
 
 embouchure (iing-boo-shur'), n. the 
 mouth of a river, a cannon, &c. ; 
 the mouthpiece of a musical wind 
 instrument. 
 
 embowel (-bou'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 emboweled, p.pr. emboweling], to 
 remove the intestines from ; disem- 
 bowel. 
 
 embower (-bou'er), v.t. to cover with, 
 or as with, a bower : v.i. to rest, as 
 in a bower ; form a bower. 
 
 embrace (-bras'), v.t. to take in 
 close, or press to the bosom with 
 affection ; hug ; cling to ; receive 
 with willingness ; in law, to attempt 
 to influence by threats or bribes : v.i. 
 to join in an embrace : n. the act of 
 embracing ; a clasping in the arms ; 
 a hug. 
 
 embracery (-bra'ser-i), n. the act of 
 attempting to corrupt or influence a 
 jury. 
 
 embrasure ('zhur), n. an opening in 
 a wall or parapet from which to fire 
 guns ; a window or door having its 
 sides slanted on the inside. 
 
 embrocate ('bro-kat), v.t. to mois- 
 ten and rub, as a diseased or injured 
 part, with a lotion. 
 
 embrocation (-ka'shun), n. a lini- 
 ment for applying to, or rubbing, an 
 injured part of the body. 
 
 embroider (-broid'er), v.t. to deco- 
 rate with needlework ; embellish 
 with additions. 
 
 embroidery (-i), n. pi. embroider- 
 ies (-iz)], ornamental work of gold, 
 silver, silk, &c, executed with the 
 needle; embellishment. 
 
 embroil (-broil'), v.t. to throw into 
 confusion; involve in contention; 
 mix up ; entangle. 
 
 embryo ('bri-6), n. [pi. embryos 
 (-oz)], the first germ or rudiment 
 of an organism ; the first or unde- 
 veloped state of anything. 
 
 embryogeny (-oj'e-ni), n. the devel- 
 opment of the embryo in the ovule. 
 
 embryologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one who 
 studies, or is skilled in, embryology. 
 
 embryology ('o-ji), n. that branch 
 of biology which treats of the de- 
 velopment of embryos. 
 
 embryonic (-on'ik;, adj. pertaining 
 
 to, or resembling, an embryo ; rudi- 
 mentary. 
 
 embryoplastic (-plas'tik), adj. per- 
 taining to the formation and devel- 
 opment of an embryo. 
 
 embryoscope ('bri-6-skop), n. an in- 
 strument for the observation of the 
 development of embryos. 
 
 embryotomy (-ot'o-mi), n. the ex- 
 traction of an embryo or foetus by 
 cutting. 
 
 emendation (e-men-da'shun), n. the 
 alteration or correction of a text, 
 so as to give an improved reading. 
 
 emendator (-ter), n. one who cor- 
 rects or improves the text of a work. 
 
 emerald (em'e-rald), n. a precious 
 stone of a rich, deep green color : a 
 variety of beryl ; a size of type : adj. 
 of a color like the emerald. 
 
 emeraldine (-din), n. a dye of a 
 dark green color. 
 
 emerge (e-merj'), v.i. to rise up, or 
 come forth, from anything which 
 conceals ; become apparent. 
 
 emergency (-mer'jen-si), n. [pi. 
 emergencies (-siz)], a sudden occa- 
 sion ; pressing necessity ; strait ; cri- 
 sis: adj. pertaining to, or used in, 
 an emergency. 
 
 emeritus (-mer'i-tu's), adj. retired 
 from service with honor : said of a 
 university or college professor. 
 
 emersion (-mer'shun), n. the act of 
 emerging; the reappearance of a 
 heavenly body after an eclipse. 
 
 emery (em'er-i), n. a very hard va- 
 riety of corundum : used when pow- 
 dered for grinding or polishing. 
 
 emetic (e-met'ik), adj. inducing vom- 
 iting: n. a medicine possessing 
 emetic properties. 
 
 emetic ally (-al-li), adv. so as to 
 cause vomiting. 
 
 emeute (a-nmf), n. a seditious or 
 revolutionary outbreak ; riot. 
 
 emigrant (em'i-grant), n. one who 
 quits his own country to settle in 
 another : adj. moving from one coun- 
 try to another ; pertaining to, or 
 used by, emigrants. 
 
 emigrate ('i-grat), v.i. to leave one's 
 country to settle in another. 
 
 eminence (em'i-nens), n. that which 
 is lofty ; elevation ; height ; exalted 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
emi 
 
 rank, station, celebrity, or repute; 
 a title given to cardinals. 
 
 eminent (-nent), adj. high in office, 
 rank, or reputation ; distinguished ; 
 exalted ; conspicuous. 
 
 emir (e-mer'), n. a prince : a title of 
 dignity given to a Mohammedan 
 prince or chieftain. Also ameer, 
 amir. 
 
 emissary (em'i-sa-ri), n. [pi. emis- 
 saries (-riz)], a person, or agent, 
 sent on a mission, especially of a 
 secret nature. 
 
 emission (e-mish'un), n. the act of 
 sending out ; that which is issued at 
 the time, as bank notes. 
 
 emissive (-mis'iv), adj. sending out. 
 
 emit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. emitted, 
 p.pr. emitting], to send or give 
 forth ; issue, as an order or decree ; 
 to print and send into circulation, as 
 bank notes. 
 
 emmet ('et), n. an ant. 
 
 emollient (e-mol'yent), adj. soften- 
 ing : n. a medicine that has a soften- 
 ing effect on living tissues. 
 
 emolliotype ('i-6-tip), n. a picture 
 taken on opal glass by the collodio- 
 chloride process. 
 
 emolument ('u-ment), n. profit; re- 
 muneration ; income ; pecuniary 
 gain. 
 
 emotion (-mo'shun), n. mental agita- 
 tion ; excited feeling ; passion. 
 
 emotional (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or characterized by, emotion. 
 
 emotionality (-al'i-ti), n. the quali- 
 ty of being emotional. 
 
 emotive (-mo'tiv), adj. producing 
 emotion. 
 
 empale. Same as impale. 
 
 emperor (em'per-er), n. the sover- 
 eign or supreme ruler of an empire. 
 
 emphasis ('fa-sis), n. a particular 
 stress of the voice on a word or 
 words in reading or speaking; spe- 
 cial force of language or thought. 
 
 emphasize ('fa-siz), v.t. to pronounce 
 with emphasis; bring out clearly 
 and distinctly. 
 
 emphatic (-fat'ik), adj. uttered with 
 emphasis; forcibly significant; im- 
 pressive ; earnest. Also emphatical. 
 
 emphatically (-al-li), adv. in an 
 emphatic manner. 
 
 emp 
 
 empire Cpir), n. supreme power or 
 dominion ; imperial rule or sover- 
 eignty; the region ruled over by an 
 emperor or sovereign ; sway ; con- 
 trol. 
 
 empiric (-pir'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 founded upon, or derived from, ex- 
 perience. Also empirical. 
 
 empirically (-al-li), adv. in an em- 
 pirical manner. 
 
 empiricism ('i-sizm), n. observation, 
 or practical experience apart from 
 scientific knowledge ; the practice of 
 medicine without the usual medical 
 training or qualification ; quackery. 
 
 employ (-ploi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. em- 
 ployed, p.pr. employing], to give oc- 
 cupation to ; keep busy ; exercise ; 
 make use of; apply or devote to an 
 object : n. occupation. 
 
 employee (-e'), n. one who works 
 for another [French employe" (-a)]. 
 
 employment ('ment), n. business; 
 occupation. 
 
 emporium (-po'ri-um), n. a commer- 
 cial center or place of trade ; a large 
 shop. 
 
 empower (-pou'er), v.t. to authorize; 
 enable. 
 
 empress ('pres), n. a woman invest- 
 ed with sovereign sway over an em- 
 pire ; the consort or widow of an 
 emperor. 
 
 empresario (-pres-a'ri-6), n. a con- 
 tractor who introduces foreign set- 
 tlers to Mexico by arrangement with 
 the government. 
 
 emptiness (emp'ti-nes), n. the state 
 of being empty; want of knowledge 
 or sense. 
 
 empty ('ti), adj. [comp. emptier, 
 superl. emptiest], containing noth- 
 ing ; vague ; unsatisfactory ; desti- 
 tute of force, knowledge, or sense; 
 fasting ; vacant : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 emptied, p.pr. emptying], to deprive 
 of the contents; pour out; dis- 
 cbarge ; make vacant : v.i. to become 
 empty ; discharge itself : n.pl. ( emp- 
 ties) an empty vessel, packing case, 
 or sack. 
 
 emptying (-ing), n. the act of mak- 
 ing empty: pi. the lees of beer or 
 cider, used as yeast (pronounced 
 emptins). 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
emp 
 
 empyrean (em-pir'e-an), adj. per- 
 taining to the highest and purest re- 
 gion of heaven, or the region of pure 
 fire; ethereal. Also empyreal. 
 
 emu (e'mu), n. a large Australian 
 ostrich-like bird. 
 
 emulate (em'u-lat), v.t. to strive to 
 equal or excel ; vie with ; rival. 
 
 emulator (-la-ter), n. a rival; com- 
 petitor. 
 
 emulgent (e-mul'jent), adj. draining 
 out : applied to the arteries and 
 veins : n. an emulgent vessel ; a med- 
 icine that promotes a flow of bile. 
 
 emulous (em'ti-lus), adj. desirous to 
 excel ; rivaling ; competitive. 
 
 emulsion (e-mul'shun), n. any liquid 
 preparation resembling milk ; a sub- 
 stance suspended in gelatine or col- 
 lodion, used in the preparation of 
 dry photographic plates. 
 
 enable (en'a-bl), v.t. to make able; 
 furnish with adequate means or 
 power ; empower. 
 
 enact (-akf), v.t. to decree; pass into 
 law; act the part of. 
 
 enacting clause (klawz), n. the in- 
 troductory clause of a bill or act, 
 usually commencing "Be it enact- 
 ed." 
 
 enactment ('ment), n. the act of 
 enacting; a statute; the passing of 
 a bill into law. 
 
 enactor ('ter), n. one who enacts. 
 
 enamel (-am'el), n. an opaque, semi- 
 transparent, or colored substance, or 
 glass, used in coating the surface of 
 metals or porcelain, and afterwards 
 fired ; anything enameled ; any 
 smooth hard coating, especially the 
 dense white substance of the teeth : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. enameled, p.pr. en- 
 ameling], to lay on, cover, or deco- 
 rate with enamel ; adorn with vari- 
 ous hues: v.i. to practice the art of 
 enameling. 
 
 enamor (-am'er), v.t. to captivate. 
 
 encamp (-kamp'), v.i. to form a 
 camp; halt on the march; go into 
 camp or settle in temporary quar- 
 ters : v.t. to form into a camp. 
 
 encampment ('ment), n. a tem- 
 porary resting place for an army or 
 company of travelers. 
 
 encaustic (-kaws'tik), adj. pertain- 
 
 ing to the art of painting in burnt 
 wax. 
 
 encaustic-tile (-til), n. a variegated 
 paving-tile inlaid on ground of an- 
 other color. 
 
 enceinte ( ang-sangt' ) , n. the line of 
 works which forms the main in- 
 closure of a fortress or place; a 
 close or precinct: adj. with child; 
 pregnant. 
 
 enchain (en-chan'), v.t. to hold fast 
 with, or as with, a chain. 
 
 enchant (-chant), v.t. to charm or 
 subdue, as by spells or sorcery; be- 
 witch ; fill with delight. 
 
 enchantment ('ment), n. the use or 
 practice of magic, sorcery, charms, 
 &c. ; the state of being enchanted ; 
 rapture. 
 
 encircle (-ser'kl), v.t. to form, or 
 inclose, in a circle ; enclasp ; em- 
 brace. 
 
 encomiastic (en-ko-mi-as'tik), adj. 
 bestowing praise ; eulogistic. 
 
 encomium ('mi-um), n. [pi. encomi- 
 ums (-umz)], formal praise; eulo- 
 gy. 
 
 encompass (-kum'pas), v.t. to sur- 
 round. 
 
 encore (ang-kor'), adv. once more; 
 again : n. a repetition in response 
 to a call by an audience : v.t . to call 
 for a repetition of (any particular 
 part of a performance). 
 
 encounter ( en-koun'ter ) , v.t. to come 
 upon suddenly ; meet face to face : 
 v.i. to come into collision; meet in 
 combat: n. a sudden or accidental 
 meeting; conflict; battle. 
 
 encourage (-kur'aj), v.t. to give, or 
 inspire with, courage ; stimulate. 
 
 encouragement (-ment), n. the act 
 of encouraging; that which gives 
 courage or incites to action or per- 
 severance. 
 
 encrinite ('kri-nit), n. a stone-lily. 
 
 encroach (-kroch'), v.i. to invade 
 gradually or by stealth ; infringe ; 
 intrude (usually with on or upon). 
 
 encroachment ('ment), n. intru- 
 sion. 
 
 encumber (-kum'ber), v.t. to im- 
 pede ; retard ; clog ; obstruct ; load 
 with debt or other legal liabilities. 
 
 encumbrance ('brans), n. that 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
enc 
 
 which encumbers ; a lien or liability 
 attached to real property. 
 
 encyclical (-sik'lik-al), adj. sent to 
 all members of a class or commu- 
 nity ; intended for general circula- 
 tion. Also encyclic : n. a circular 
 letter sent by the Pope to the bish- 
 ops, treating of topics of general ec- 
 clesiastical interest. 
 
 encyclopaedia or encyclopedia (-si- 
 klo-pe'di-a), n. the circle of the 
 arts and sciences ; a dictionary of 
 the arts, sciences, and literature ; a 
 comprehensive summary of knowl- 
 edge ; a cyclopaedia. 
 
 encyclopaedic (-pe'dik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or of the nature of, an ency- 
 clopaedia. Also encyclopedic. 
 
 encyclopaedist (-pe'dist), n. a com- 
 piler of an encyclopaedia ; one whose 
 studies embrace all knowledge. Also 
 encyclopedist. 
 
 encyst (-sist'), v.t. & v.i. to inclose, 
 or become inclosed, in a cyst or vesi- 
 cle. 
 
 end (end), n. the extreme limit or 
 terminal point of anything; purpose 
 in view ; design ; necessary termina- 
 tion, or logical outcome ; death : v.t. 
 to bring to an end ; finish ; ter- 
 minate ; destroy : v.i. to come to an 
 end ; die. 
 
 endanger (en-dan'jer), v.t. expose 
 to, or bring into, danger ; hazard. 
 
 endear (-der'), v.t. to make dear or 
 beloved ; attach to one's self. 
 
 endearment ('ment), n. affection. 
 
 endeavor (-dev'er), v.i. to strive for 
 the attainment of some object; at- 
 tempt : n. an effort or attempt. 
 
 endemic (-dem'ik), adj. peculiar to 
 a nation, people, or locality : ap- 
 plied to a disease. 
 
 ending (end'ing), n. result; end. 
 
 endless (end'les), a. everlasting; 
 without termination. 
 
 endless chain, n. a closed belt or 
 cable without a terminal point ; a 
 system of multiplied letter-writing. 
 
 endo and endon, a prefix meaning 
 within. 
 
 endocarp (en'do-karp), n. the inner 
 coat or shell of a fruit. 
 
 endogen ('do-jen), n. an endogenous 
 plant : pi. one of the primary 
 classes of the vegetable kingdom, 
 
 in which the plants increase by in- 
 ternal growth and elongation at the 
 summit, and have a distinct pith. 
 
 endogenous (doj'en-us), adj. per- 
 taining to the endogens ; originating 
 or growing within. 
 
 endoscope ('do-skop), n. an instru- 
 ment used for examining some in- 
 ternal part of the body, as the 
 urethra. 
 
 endosmosis (-dos-mo'sis), n. the 
 transmission of a fluidt inward from 
 outside when two fluids are sepa- 
 rated by a porous septum. 
 
 endosperm ('do-sperm), n. the albu- 
 men of a seed. 
 
 endow (-dou'), v.t. to bestow a fund 
 or income upon ; settle upon ; fur- 
 nish, as with some gift or quality 
 (with with). 
 
 endowment ('ment), n. the act of 
 endowing; that which is bestowed, 
 settled, or appropriated to any ob- 
 ject ; that which is given or be- 
 stowed on the person or mind : pi. 
 natural gifts. 
 
 endue (-du'), v.t. to clothe; invest; 
 assume ; furnish with some moral 
 or spiritual gift. Also indue. 
 
 endurability (-dur-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being endurable. 
 
 endurable ('a-bl), adj. bearable. 
 
 endurance (-dur(ans), n. the capac- 
 ity to endure ; power of suffering 
 without succumbing ; continuance ; 
 fortitude. 
 
 endure (-dur'), v.t. to support with- 
 out breaking or yielding; put up 
 with ; remain in : v.i. to harden ; re- 
 main in the same state. 
 
 enduring ('ing), adj. permanent. 
 
 endways (end'waz), adv. on end; 
 with the end forward or uppermost ; 
 lengthwise. Also endwise. 
 
 enema (en'e-ma), n. an injection 
 thrown into the rectum as a medi- 
 cine. 
 
 enemy ( f e-mi), n. [pi. enemies 
 (-miz) ], one hostile to another ; foe ; 
 antagonist; a hostile army. 
 
 energetic (-er-jet'ik), adj. possess- 
 ing, or displaying, energy; vigorous 
 in action ; forcible : n.pl. physical, 
 as distinguished from vital dynamics. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
eng 
 
 energico (-er'je-ko), adj. with ener- 
 gy, force, and strong accentuation 
 [Mus.]. 
 
 energize ('er-jiz), v.t.' to endow with 
 energy : v.i. to act with energy. 
 
 energy ('er-ji), n. [pi. energies 
 (-jiz)], internal or inherent power; 
 vigorous operation ; power efficient- 
 ly and forcibly exerted ; capacity for 
 performing work ; emphasis. 
 
 enervate (en'er-vat or e-ner'vat), 
 v.t. to deprive of nerve, force, or 
 vigor ; render effeminate or feeble ; 
 debilitate. 
 
 en famille (ting fa-mel'), with one's 
 family ; at home ; in domestic fash- 
 ion, without formality. 
 
 enfeeble (en-fe'bl), v.t. to weaken; 
 relax. 
 
 enfeoff (-fef), v.t. to invest with a 
 feud, fief, or fee ; give, sell or con- 
 vey land's in fee to. 
 
 enfilade (-fi-lad'), n. a straight line 
 or passage ; the situation of a place 
 or a body of men liable to be raked 
 with shot through its whole extent : 
 v.t. to pierce or rake with shot in a 
 straight line. 
 
 enforce (-fors'), v.t. to put into exe- 
 cution with vigor ; compel ; make 
 clear or intelligible. 
 
 enfranchise (-fran'chiz), v.t. to lib- 
 erate or set free ; make free of a 
 state, city, or corporation ; confer 
 the electoral franchise upon; ad- 
 mit to the right of voting in public 
 elections. 
 
 engage (en-gaj'), v.t. to pledge or 
 bind by oath or contract ; make lia- 
 ble for a debt ; secure for aid or em- 
 ployment ; encounter in battle ; oc- 
 cupy the time or attention of ; inter- 
 lock : v.i. to promise or assume an 
 obligation ; occupy one's self ; enter 
 a conflict. 
 
 engaged (-gajd'), p. adj. busy or oc- 
 cupied ; affianced. 
 
 engagement (-gaj'ment), n. the act 
 of engaging ; the state or condition 
 of being engaged ; betrothal ; occu- 
 pation ; a conflict between armies 
 or fleets. 
 
 engaging ('ing), adj. winning; pleas- 
 ing. 
 
 engender (-jen'der), v.t. to beget; 
 excite : v.i. to come into existence. 
 
 engine (-jin), n. anything used to 
 effect a purpose ; a machine by which 
 power is applied for the perform- 
 ance of work ; an apparatus for pro- 
 ducing some mechanical effect : v.t . 
 to furnish of fit up a vessel with 
 engines. 
 
 engineer (-ji-ner'), n. one who is 
 skilled in the principles or practice 
 of any branch of engineering ; one 
 who has charge of and manages an 
 engine ; one who carries through a 
 scheme or undertaking by skill or 
 astuteness : v.t. to plan, lay out, or 
 direct, as an engineer, the forma- 
 tion or execution of, as a road or 
 work. 
 
 engineering ('ing), n. the art of 
 constructing and using machinery ; 
 the art and science by which natu- 
 ral forces and materials are utilized 
 in structures or machines. 
 
 English (ing'glish), adj. belonging 
 to, characteristic of, or pertaining 
 to, the language or the people of 
 England, or those descended from 
 them : n. the English people or the 
 language spoken by them ; a size of 
 printing-type (see type) : v.t. to give 
 a twisting or spinning motion to, as 
 a ball at billiards so as to deflect it 
 from its course. 
 
 engrailment (-gral'ment), n. a ring 
 of dots round the edge of a coin or 
 medal. 
 
 engrain, another form of ingrain. 
 
 engrave (en-grav'), v.t. to cut or 
 carve in sunken patterns ; incise 
 with figures or lines ; impress deep- 
 ly or indelibly. 
 
 engraving ('ing), n. the act, process, 
 or art of producing designs, &c, in- 
 cised or relief, on metal, stone, or 
 hard wood ; that which is engraved ; 
 an impression from an engraved 
 plate. 
 
 engross (-gros'). v.t. to purchase in 
 the gross or bulk ; monopolize ; write 
 in a large distinct round hand. 
 
 engrossment ('ment), it. the act of 
 acquiring large or undue quantities 
 of things; the act of engrossing 
 documents ; that which has been en- 
 grossed ; attention to one thing to 
 the exclusion of everything else. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
eng 
 
 engulf, same as ingulf. 
 
 enhance (-nans'), v.t. to raise in 
 esteem; advance; heighten in price 
 or value. 
 
 enharmonic (-har-mon'ik), adj. pro- 
 ceeding by smaller intervals than a 
 semitone. Also enharmonical. 
 
 enharmonically (-al-li), adv. in an 
 enharmonic manner. 
 
 enharmonic scale (skal), n. a mus- 
 ical scale having more than 12 tones 
 to the octave. 
 
 enhydrite (-hl'drit), n. any mineral 
 containing water. 
 
 enigma (e-nig'ma), n. a riddle. 
 
 enigmatic (-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to an enigma; obscure or puzzling. 
 Also enigmatical. 
 
 enigmatically (-al-li), adv. in an 
 enigmatical manner. 
 
 enjoin (-join'), v.t. to direct with 
 authority or urgency ; enforce ; pro- 
 hibit or restrain by an injunction. 
 
 enjoy (-joi'), v.t. to feel or perceive 
 with pleasure ; have the use or pos- 
 session of. 
 
 enjoyment ('ment), n. the act of 
 enjoying ; pleasure or gratification. 
 • enkindle (-kin'dl), v.t. to set on fire; 
 rouse. 
 
 enlarge (-larj'), v.t. to make larger; 
 extend in limits or dimensions ; am- 
 plify; extend to more purposes or 
 uses ; release from confinement ; di- 
 late upon : v.i. to become larger ; ex- 
 patiate. 
 
 enlighten (-Ht'n), v.t. to illuminate; 
 make clear to the mind; furnish 
 with increased knowledge; elevate 
 morally or spiritually. 
 
 enlist (-list'), v.t. to enroll, as for 
 
 • military service ; register ; gain 
 
 over, or employ in some cause : v.i. 
 
 to engage one's self for military 
 
 service. 
 
 enlistment ('ment), n. the act of 
 enlisting; the state of being en- 
 listed. 
 
 enliven (-liv'n), v.t. to make vigor- 
 ous, active, or vivacious ; exhilarate ; 
 inspirit. 
 
 en masse (ang mas'), collectively; 
 altogether. 
 
 enmity (-mi'ti), n. [pi. enmities 
 
 ens 
 
 (-tiz)], animosity; hatred; hostility; 
 ill-will. 
 
 ennoble (-no'bl), v.t. to make noble; 
 dignify; exalt; make famous or il- 
 lustrious. 
 
 ennui (ang- we'), languor of mind; 
 listlessness. 
 
 enormity (e-nor'mi-ti), n. [pi. enor- 
 mities (-tiz)], something outrageous 
 or extremely immoderate ; an atroc- 
 ity. 
 
 enormous ('mus), adj. excessive; 
 very great ; immense ; huge ; ex- 
 tremely wicked. 
 
 en passant (ang pas-sang'), by the 
 way. 
 
 enough (e-nuf), adj. sufficient: n. a 
 sufficiency: adv. so as to be suffi- 
 cient ; very ; quite : inter j. stop ! 
 
 enquire, same as inquire. 
 
 enrage (en-raj'), v.t. to throw into a 
 rage. 
 
 enrail (-nil'), v.t. to place a car 
 upon rails : opposed to derail. 
 
 en rapport (ang rap-por'), in sym- 
 pathy with (with with). 
 
 enrapt (-rapt'), adj. enraptured. 
 
 enrapture (-rap'tur), v.t. to trans- 
 port with delight ; please intensely ; 
 charm. 
 
 en regie (ang ra'gl), in due order. 
 
 enrich (en-rich'), v.t. to make rich; 
 fertilize ; store ; adorn. 
 
 enrobe (-rob'), v.t. to clothe; invest. 
 
 enroll (-rol'), v.t. to insert in a reg- 
 ister ; enlist ; record. Also enrol. 
 
 en route ( ang root' ) , on the way. 
 
 ens (enz), n. [pi. entia (en'shi-a)], 
 an entity ; existence ; being. 
 
 ensanguine (en-sang'gwin), v.t. to 
 smear or cover with blood. 
 
 ensconce (-skons'), v.t. to hide; fix 
 securely or comfortably ; settle. 
 
 ensemble ( ang-sang'bl ) , the whole. 
 
 enshrine (en-shrin'), v.t. to place in 
 a shrine ; keep sacred. 
 
 ensheathe (sheth'). v.t. to sheathe. 
 
 enshroud (-shroud'), v.t. to cover 
 with, or as with, a shroud ; conceal. 
 
 ensiform ('si-form), adj. sword- 
 shaped. 
 
 ensign ('sin), n. a flag; badge; the 
 lowest rank in the navy. 
 
 ensilage ('si-laj), n. fodder or vege- 
 table produce stored in a silo : v.t. 
 to preserve in a silo. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ent 
 
 enslave (-slav'), v.t. to bring into, 
 or reduce to, slavery ; enthrall. 
 
 ensnare (-snar'), v.t. to take in, or 
 as in, a snare ; take by craft ; al- 
 lure. 
 
 ensue (-su'), v.i. to follow as a con- 
 sequence; succeed. 
 
 en suite (ang swet'), in a series. 
 
 ensure, same as insure. 
 
 entablature (-tab'la-tur), n. the 
 whole parts on the top of a pillar or 
 column, composed of architrave, 
 frieze, and cornice. 
 
 entail (en-tal'), n. an estate in fee 
 limited to a particular heir or heirs : 
 v.t. to leave or settle, as if by en- 
 tail ; involve ; necessitate. 
 
 entangle (-tang'gl), v.t. to involve; 
 tangle ; ensnare ; perplex ; bewilder. 
 
 enter ('ter), v.t. to go or come into; 
 begin ; penetrate ; set down in writ- 
 ing; join or become a member of; 
 initiate into a business, &c. ; place 
 on the records of a court : v.i. to 
 effect an entrance ; come in. 
 
 enteric (-ter'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or situated near, the intestines. 
 
 enteritis (-I'tis), n. inflammation of 
 the small intestines. 
 
 enterozoa (-ter-o-zo'a), n.pl. intes- 
 tinal parasites. 
 
 enterprise ('ter-priz), n. an under- 
 taking of importance or risk ; bold- 
 ness ; energy and invention. 
 
 enterprising (-ing), n. adventurous, 
 energetic, and progressive. 
 
 entertain ( -tan' ) , v.t. to receive and 
 treat hospitably ; afford diversion 
 to ; keep in the mind ; take into con- 
 sideration : v.i. to receive guests 
 hospitably. 
 
 entertaining ('ing), p.adj. amusing; 
 diverting. 
 
 entertainment ('ment), n. the act 
 of entertaining ; hospitality at table ; 
 a feast or banquet ; a diverting per- 
 formance ; amusement. 
 
 enthrall (-thrawl'), v.t. to enslave; 
 bring or hold under some overmas- 
 tering influence. 
 
 enthrone (-thron'), v.t. to place on 
 a throne ; invest with sovereign 
 power and authority. 
 
 enthuse (-thuz'), v.t. to render en- 
 thusiastic : v.i. manifest enthusiasm. 
 
 enthusiasm (-thu'zi-azm), n. eleva- 
 tion of fancy ; ardor of mind ; fer- 
 vent zeal ; fanaticism. 
 
 enthusiast ('zi-ast), n. one who is 
 filled with enthusiasm ; one who 
 thinks himself to be inspired ; a 
 visionary ; fanatic. 
 
 enthusiastic (-as'tik), adj. given to, 
 or characterized by, enthusiasm ; ar- 
 dent ; zealous. 
 
 enthusiastically (-al-li), adv. with 
 enthusiasm. 
 
 entice (-tis'), v.t. to attract or al- 
 lure ; tempt. 
 
 entire (-tir'), adj. complete in all 
 parts ; whole ; undivided or un- 
 broken ; unalloyed ; consisting of one 
 piece : adv. entirely ; wholly : n. the 
 whole ; entire beer. 
 
 entirely ('li), adv. fully; completely. 
 
 entireness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being entire ; complete- 
 ness. 
 
 entirety ('ti), n. completeness; the 
 whole. 
 
 entitle (en-ti'tl), v.t. to give a title, 
 name, or designation to ; style ; give 
 a right to. 
 
 entity ('ti-ti), n. [pi. entities (-tiz)J, 
 anything that exists, or is supposed 
 to exist ; being. 
 
 ento, ent, a prefix forming many 
 compounds with scientific words, 
 meaning within, interior. 
 
 entomb (en-toom'), v.t. to place in, 
 or as in, a tomb. 
 
 entombment ('ment), n. the act of 
 placing in a tomb. 
 
 entomoid ('to-moid), adj. resembling 
 an insect. 
 
 entomology (-to-mol'o-ji), n. that 
 branch of zoology which treats of in- 
 sects and their habits. 
 
 entomologist (-jist), n. a student of 
 entomology. 
 
 entomophagus (-mof'a-gus), adj. 
 insect-eating. 
 
 entonic (-ton'ik), adj. having great 
 tension ; strained. 
 
 entourage (ang-too-razh'), n. asso- 
 ciates, surroundings. 
 
 entr'acte (ang'tr-akt), n. the inter- 
 val between the acts of a play or 
 opera ; a musical interlude. 
 
 entozoon (-t5-zo'on), n. [pi. entozoa 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
eat 
 
 ('&)], a parasite living in the in- 
 testines of another animal. 
 
 entrails ('tralz), n.pl. the intestines. 
 
 entrain (-tran'), v.t. to dispatch 
 (troops) by train. 
 
 entrance ('trans), n. the act of en- 
 tering ; a passage ; avenue ; the en- 
 try of a ship, or goods, at the cus- 
 tom house of a port. 
 
 entrap (-trap'), v.t. to take in, or 
 as in, a trap ; inveigle ; ensnare. 
 
 entreat (-tret), v.t. to solicit ear- 
 nestly ; importune ; beseech. 
 
 entreaty (-tret'i), n. [pi. entreaties 
 ('iz)], an earnest petition or re- 
 quest ; prayer. 
 
 entree (ang-tra'), n. entrance; ad- 
 mission ; a subordinate or side dish. 
 
 entremets (ang-tr-ma'), n.pl. side 
 dishes ; a made dish. 
 
 entrench, same as intrench. 
 
 entre nous (ang'tr noo), confiden- 
 tially. 
 
 entre pas (pa), n. an amble. 
 
 entre-pot (ang'tr-po), n. a commer- 
 cial center for the distribution of 
 goods ; a free port where foreign 
 merchandise is kept in bond. 
 
 entrust, same as intrust. 
 
 entry (en'tri),w. [pi. entries ('triz)], 
 an entrance ; passage ; entree ; _ the 
 act of entering and inscribing in a 
 book ; item ; the act of taking right- 
 ful possession of lands or tene- 
 ments, or feloniously entering an- 
 other's premises. 
 
 entwine (-twin'), v.t. to twine 
 around ; twist together. 
 
 enumerate (e-nu'mer-at), v.t. to 
 reckon or name singly ; count ; go 
 over in detail. 
 
 enumeration (-a'shun), n. the act 
 of numbering ; counting up ; a cata- 
 logue ; list. * 
 
 enunciable ( -nun'shi-a-bl ) , adj. ca- 
 pable of being enunciated. 
 
 enunciate ('shi-at), v.t. to declare 
 or proclaim ; utter ; express ; speak. 
 
 enunciation (-a'shun), n. definite or 
 declaratory statement ; articulation ; 
 the words in which a proposition is 
 expressed. 
 
 enunciative ('shi-a-tiv), adj. declar- 
 atory. 
 
 epe 
 
 enunciator ( 'shi-a-ter ) , one who 
 enunciates or declares. 
 
 envelop (-vel'up), v.t. to surround 
 with, or as with, a wrapper; hide; 
 cover. 
 
 envelope (en'vel-op), n. a case or 
 wrapper, usually gummed, for safe 
 conveyance of a letter by post, &c.j 
 covering ; wrapper ; an investing in^ 
 tegument ; exterior fortified works. 
 
 envelopment (-vel'up-ment), n. the 
 act of enveloping ; a covering ; wrap- 
 per. 
 
 envenom (-ven'um), v.t. make poi- 
 sonous ; infuse venom into ; embit- 
 ter. 
 
 enviable ('vi-a-bl), adj. exciting 
 envy ; capable of awakening the de- 
 sire to possess. 
 
 enviably (-bli), adv. in an enviable 
 manner. 
 
 envious ('vi-us), adj. feeling, or 
 characterized by, envy ; jealous. 
 
 environ (-vl'run), v.t. to surround or 
 inclose ; encompass ; hem in : n.pl. 
 places near a town or city ; suburbs. 
 
 environment (-ment), n. that which 
 surrounds ; external circumstances 
 of an organism. 
 
 envoy ('voi), n. a diplomatic repre- 
 sentative, second in rank to an am- 
 bassador ; one sent on a special mis- 
 sion. 
 
 envy ('vi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. envied, 
 p.pr. envying], to grudge; feel dis- 
 pleasure at the excellence or pros- 
 perity of ; covet : v.i. to feel or ex- 
 hibit envy : n. malice, ill-will ; dis- 
 pleasure felt at the excellence of an- 
 other ; an object of envy. 
 
 enwrap (-rap'), v.t. to wrap up. 
 
 enzootic (-zo-ot'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to a disease which affects animals of 
 a particular district. 
 
 epact (e'pakt), n. the excess of the 
 solar over the lunar month, about 11 
 days in the year. 
 
 epaulment (e-pawl'ment), «. a side- 
 work to protect troops in flank. 
 
 epaulet (ep'aw-let), n. an ornament- 
 al badge sometimes worn on the 
 shoulder by naval and military of- 
 ficers. 
 
 epenthesis (-en'the-sis), n. the in- 
 sertion of a letter or syllable in the 
 middle of a word. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
•P« 
 
 epergne (e-pern'), n. an ornamental 
 stand with a dish and branches for 
 holding flowers, &c. 
 
 ephemera (ef-em'e-ra), n. [pi. eph- 
 emerae (-re)], that which exists but 
 for a day ; a May-fly. 
 
 ephemeral ('er-al), adj. existing 
 only for a day ; short-lived. 
 
 ephemeris ('er-is), n. [pi. ephemer- 
 ides (-mer'i-dez) ], an astronomiacl 
 almanac showing the daily positions 
 of the sun, moon, and planets. 
 
 ephod (ef'od), n. a priestly vestment 
 worn by the Jewish high priest. 
 
 ephor (ef'er), n. [pi. ephori (-1), 
 ephors ('erz) ], one of the five Spar- 
 tan magistrates. 
 
 epic (ep'ik), adj. heroic; narrative; 
 said of a poem : n. a narrative poem 
 of some heroic deed or event. 
 
 epicarp ('i-karp), n. the outer layer 
 or skin of a fruit. 
 
 epicene ('i-sen), adj. of common 
 gender : n. a noun common to both 
 genders. 
 
 epicr aiiium (-i-kra'ni-um), n. the 
 scalp of the cranium or skull. 
 
 epicure (1-kur), n. one devoted to 
 luxury, especially of a dainty kind. 
 
 epicurean (-ku-re'an), adj. luxu- 
 rious ; devoted to the pleasures of 
 the table : n. a voluptuary ; gor- 
 mand ; epicure. 
 
 epicycle ('i-si-kl), n. a small circle 
 whose center is situated on the cir- 
 cumference of a greater circle. 
 
 epicycloid ('kloid), n. a curve de- 
 scribed by a point in the circum- 
 ference of one circle which rolls 
 upon the convex circumference of 
 another circle. 
 
 epidemic (-i-dem'ik), adj. attacking 
 many at the same time : said of a 
 disease: n. a disease having this 
 characteristic. 
 
 epidermal (-der'mal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the epidermis. Also epider- 
 mic. 
 
 epidermis ('mis), n. the cuticle or 
 scarf skin ; the outer coating or 
 bark of a plant. 
 
 epigenesis (-jen'e-sis), n. the hypoth- 
 esis that the germ is created by the 
 division or segmentation of a fecun- 
 dated egg-cell. 
 
 epi 
 
 epiglottis (-glot'is), n. the leaf- 
 shaped cartilage which covers the 
 upper part of the larynx in the act 
 of swallowing. 
 
 epigram ('i-gram), n. a verse or 
 short poem ending in some ingenious 
 or witty turn ; a pithy phrase. 
 
 epigrammatic (-at'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or of -the nature of, an epi- 
 gram ; pointed. Also epigrammatical. 
 
 epigrammatically (-al-li), adv. in 
 an epigrammatical manner ; pointed- 
 ly and concisely. 
 
 epigraph ('i-graf), n. an inscription 
 on a building, monument, &c. ; a 
 motto or quotation prefixed to a 
 literary work. 
 
 epilepsy ('i-lep-si), n. a chronic ner- 
 vous disease accompanied by loss of 
 consciousness and convulsions. 
 
 epileptic ('tik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or affected with, epilepsy : n. one af- 
 fected with epilepsy. 
 
 epilogue ('i-log), n. a poem or 
 speech at the conclusion of a play. 
 
 epiornis (-or'nis), n. a gigantic fos- 
 sil bird. 
 
 Epiphany (e-pif'a-ni), n. a Church 
 festival (Jan. 6) to commemorate 
 the visit of the Magi to Bethlehem, 
 and the manifestation of Christ to 
 the Gentiles. 
 
 episcopacy ( e-pis'ko-pa-si ) , n. 
 church government by bishops ; prel- 
 acy. 
 
 episcopal ('ko-pal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characterized by, episcopacy ; 
 vested in a bishop. 
 
 episcopalian (-pa'lian), adj. per- 
 taining to episcopacy. 
 
 Episcopalian, adj. pertaining to the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church : n. a 
 member, or supporter, of such church. 
 
 episcopally (-li), adv. by episcopal 
 authority. 
 
 episcopate ('ko-pat), n. the office 
 and dignity of a bishop ; bishopric. 
 
 episode (ep'i-sod), n. an incident; a 
 digression, or incidental narrative. 
 
 episodic (-sod'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 an episode; adventitious. Also epi- 
 sodical. 
 
 episodically (-al-li), adv. incident- 
 ally. 
 
 episperm (-sperm), n. the outer cov- 
 ering of a seed. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
epi 
 
 equ 
 
 epistle (e-pis'l), n. a letter; a writ- 
 ten communication or message. 
 
 epistolary ,('t6-la-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to letters. 
 
 epitaph (ep'i-taf), n. a memorial in- 
 scription on a tomb or monument. 
 
 epithet ('i-thet), n. an adjective de- 
 noting any quality either good or 
 bad; appellation. 
 
 epitome (e-pit'o-me), n. a summary; 
 abridgment ; compendium. 
 
 epitomize ('o-miz), v.t. to describe 
 briefly ; condense. 
 
 epizoan (ep-i-zo'an), n. [pi. epizoa 
 ('a)], a parasitic animal which 
 lives on the exterior of another ani- 
 mal. 
 
 epizootic (ep-i-zo-ot'ik), adj. parasit- 
 ic on animals ; prevailing among 
 animals. 
 
 epizooty (ep-i-zo'o-ti), n. an epi- 
 demic influenza prevailing among 
 animals, especially horses. 
 
 epoch (e'pok), n. a point of time 
 from which succeeding years are 
 reckoned ; era ; date. 
 
 epode (ep'od), n. the last part of an 
 ode ; a burden or refrain in music. 
 
 eponym ('o-nim), n. the presumed 
 ancestor or founder of a race, tribe, 
 city, nation,' &c. ; surname. 
 
 epsom salts ('sum sawltz), n.pl. sul- 
 phate of magnesia. 
 
 equability (e-kwa-bil'i-ti), adj. even- 
 ness. 
 
 equable ('kwa-bl), - adj. uniform; 
 consisently equal ; proportionate. 
 
 equably (-bli), adv. in an equable 
 manner. 
 
 equal ('kwal), adj. of the same ex- 
 tent, or magnitude ; uniform ; ade- 
 quate ; of the same rank, degree, or 
 value ; just ; parallel : n. one of the 
 same age, rank, office, talents, &c. : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. equaled, p.pr. equal- 
 ing] , to be, become or make equal ; 
 return a full equivalent for. 
 
 equality (-kwal'i-ti), n. [pi. equali- 
 ties (-tiz)], the state of being 
 equal ; uniformity ; evenness ; equa- 
 bility. 
 
 equalize ('kwa-liz), v.t. to make 
 equal ; render uniform. 
 
 equally (-li), adv. in an equal man- 
 ner ; in the same degree ; uniformly ; 
 in equal parts or shares. 
 
 equanimity (-kwa-nim'i-ti), n. even- 
 ness of temper or mind ; calmness. 
 
 equate (-kwaf), v.t. to reduce to an 
 average ; put in the form of an equa- 
 tion.^ 
 
 equation (-kwa'shun), n. in mathe- 
 matics, a proposition expressing the 
 equality of two quantities, the sign 
 = being placed between them ; a 
 representation of a chemical reac- 
 tion expressed by symbols. 
 
 equator (-kwa'ter), n. the imaginary 
 circle which passes round the mid- 
 dle of the earth and divides it into 
 two equal parts. 
 
 equatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the equator: n. a telescope 
 mounted on two axes, one axis being 
 parallel to the axis of the earth's 
 rotation : used for keeping any star 
 constantly in the field independently 
 of the earth's rotation. 
 
 equatorially (-li), adv.. in a line 
 with the equator. 
 
 equerry (ek'wer-i), n. [pi. equerries 
 (-iz)], an officer in the house of a 
 prince or nobleman, who attends 
 him in public, and has the super- 
 vision of his horses. 
 
 equestrian (e-kwes'tri-an), adj. per- 
 taining to horses or horsemanship ; 
 performing with horses : n. one 
 skilled in horsemanship. 
 
 equestrienne (-kwes-tri-en'), n. a 
 skillful horsewoman. 
 
 equi, a prefix meaning equal, equally, 
 same, found in many words, the 
 sense of which is usually self-evi- 
 dent, as equiangular, egwidistant, 
 equiiorm, &c. 
 
 equilateral (e-kwi-lat'er-al), adj. 
 having all the sides equal : n. a fig- 
 ure with equal sides. 
 
 equilibrium (-lib'ri-um), n. equali- 
 ty of weight, power, force, &c. ; 
 equipoise. 
 
 equine (e'kwln), adj. pertaining to, 
 or resembling, a horse or horses. 
 
 equinoctial (-kwi-nok'shal), adj. 
 pertaining to the equinoxes : n. the 
 equinoctial line. 
 
 equinoctially (-li), adv. in the di- 
 rection of the equinoctial line. 
 
 equinox ('kwi-noks), n. the point of 
 intersection of the ecliptic and the 
 equator ; the time the sun enters 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
equ 
 
 em 
 
 one of the two equinoctial points 
 when the days and nights are of 
 equal duration. 
 
 equip (e-kwip'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 equipped, p.pr. equipping], to fur- 
 nish or fit out ; accoutre ; prepare or 
 qualify. 
 
 equipage (ek'wi-paj), n. the arms 
 and outfit of an army, vessel, trav- 
 eler, &c. ; the carriage, horse, liver- 
 ied servants of a person of rank or 
 gentleman. 
 
 equipment (e-kwip'ment), n. arti- 
 cles or supplies necessary for any 
 particular service ; arms, horses, &c, 
 required for military service; roll- 
 ing-stock or plant of a railway. 
 
 equipoise (e'kwi-poiz), n. equilibri- 
 um ; equality of weight. 
 
 equiponderant (-pon'der-ant), adj. 
 of the same weight. 
 
 equitable (ek'wi-ta-bl), adj. impar- 
 tial ; just. 
 
 equitably (-bli), adv. justly; impar- 
 tially. 
 
 equity ('wi-ti), n. [pi. equities 
 (-tiz)], justice; just regard to right 
 or claim ; impartiality ; the adminis- 
 tration of law according to its spirit 
 and not according to the letter. 
 
 equivalence (e-kwiv'a-lens), n. 
 ' equality of value or power ; in chem- 
 istry, the property of having equal 
 valency. Equivalency. 
 
 equivalent ('a-lent), adj. equal in 
 value or power ; the same in signifi- 
 cance or effect ; commensurate : n. a 
 thing of the same value, weight, 
 power, effect, &c. 
 
 equivocal ('o-kal), adj. of a doubt- 
 ful or double significance; ambigu- 
 ous ; open to suspicion or doubt ; 
 uncertain. 
 
 equivocally (-li), adv. in an equivo- 
 cal manner. 
 
 equivocate ('o-kat), v.i. to use 
 words of double meaning; prevari- 
 cate. 
 
 era (e'ra), n. the point of time from 
 which a series of years is reckoned ; 
 period ; the beginning of a new geo- 
 logical system or formation. 
 
 eradicate (e-rad'i-kat), v.t. to de- 
 stroy thoroughly ; exterminate. 
 
 erase (-ras'), v.t. to obliterate by, or 
 
 as by, scratching, or blotting out; 
 expunge. 
 
 eraser (-ra'ser), n. a knife or pre- 
 pared india-rubber for rubbing out 
 pencil-marks, &c. 
 
 erasure ( 'zhur ) , n. the act of erasing. 
 
 erbium (er'bi-um), n. a rare metal; 
 one of the elements. 
 
 ere (ar), conj. & prep, before; sooner 
 than. 
 
 Erebus (er'e-bus), n. a place of utter 
 darkness ; Hades. 
 
 erect (e-rekt'), v.t. to raise upright; 
 construct ; build ; raise ; establish ; 
 distend or stiffen : adj. upright ; 
 firmly uplifted ; bold or unshaken. 
 
 erectile (-rek'til), adj. having the 
 property of, or susceptible to, erec- 
 tion. 
 
 erection ('shun), n. the act of con- 
 structing or raising edifices ; a struc- 
 ture or building. 
 
 erective ('tiv), adj. tending, or serv- 
 ing, to erect, or to build up. 
 
 erector ('ter), n. one who erects; a 
 muscle that erects any part. 
 
 eremite, another form of hermit. 
 
 erethism (er'e-thizm). n. unnatural 
 excitation of some organ or tissue 
 of the body. 
 
 erg (erg), n. a. unit of work in the 
 centimeter-gram-second system. Also 
 ergon. 
 
 ergmeter ('me-ter), n. an instrument 
 for measuring the strength of an 
 electric current in ergs. 
 
 ergo (er'go), adv. therefore; conse- 
 quently. 
 
 ergo me ter (-gom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring work per- 
 formed or force produced. 
 
 ergot ('got), n. a black horn-like 
 fungus, growing upon rye, &c. 
 
 erg-ten ('ten), n. a unit of work = 
 10,000,000,000 ergs. 
 
 erinite ('in-It), n. a rich emerald- 
 green arseniate of copper. 
 
 ermine (er'min), n. a weasel-like 
 animal, much valued for its fur, 
 which becomes white in winter, ex- 
 cept the tip of the tail, which re- 
 mains black ; the emblem, dignity, 
 or office of a judge. 
 
 ermined ('mind), p. adj. clothed or 
 invested with ermine. 
 
 ern (era), n. an eagle. Also erne. 
 
 ftte, arm, ask, at, awl; m§, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ere 
 
 esp 
 
 erode (e-rod'), v.t. to eat away; cor- 
 rode. 
 
 erose (-ros'), adj. toothed irregularly, 
 as if gnawed away : said of a leaf. 
 
 erosion (-ro'zhun), n. the act of 
 eroding; gradual destruction or eat- 
 ing away ; an eroded part. 
 
 erosive (-ros'iv), adj. gnawing or 
 wearing away. 
 
 erostrate (-ros'trat), adj. beakless. 
 
 erotic (-rot'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 caused by, love ; amorous : n. an 
 amatory poem or composition. 
 
 err (er), v.i. to commit an error or 
 mistake ; wander ; deviate from the 
 path of rectitude. 
 
 errand (er'and), n. a message; com- 
 mission. 
 
 errant ('rant), adj. roving; wander- 
 ing. 
 
 errantry (-ri), n. knight-errantry. 
 
 erratic (-rat'ik), adj. wandering; 
 irregular ; eccentric : n.pl. boulders 
 transported by natural agencies 
 from their original site. 
 
 erratically (-al-li), adv. irregularly. 
 
 erratum (-ra'tum), n. [pi. errata 
 Cta)], an error in printing or writ- 
 ing. 
 
 erroneous (-ro'ne-us), adj. charac- 
 terized by error ; incorrect ; mis- 
 taken ; wrong. 
 
 error ('er), n. deviation from the 
 truth ; mistake ; blunder ; an irreg- 
 ularity. 
 
 Erse (ers) , adj. pertaining to the Kelts 
 of Ireland or Scotland, or to their 
 language. 
 
 erst (erst), adv. formerly. 
 
 eructation (e-ruk-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of throwing off wind from the 
 stomach. 
 
 erudite (er'ti-dit), learned. 
 
 erudition (-dish'un), n. knowledge 
 obtained by the study of books ; 
 learning. 
 
 erupted (e-rupt'ed), adj. violently 
 ejected. 
 
 eruptive (-rup'tiv), adj. bursting 
 forth. 
 
 eryngo (e-ring'go), n. sea-holly. 
 
 erysipelas (er-i-sip'e-las), n. an in- 
 flammation of the skin, accompanied 
 with fever. 
 
 escalade (es-ka-lad'), n. the act of 
 scaling the walls of a fortified place 
 
 by means of scaling-ladders. 
 
 escalator (ez'ca-la'tor), n. a moving 
 stairway. 
 
 escapade (-pad'), n. a breach of pro- 
 priety ; misdeed ; freak. 
 
 escape (-kap'), v.t. to flee from; get 
 Out of the way of ; avoid ; enjoy 
 immunity from : v.i. to get out of 
 danger ; fly : n. a getting away from 
 danger ; flight ; deliverance. 
 
 escapement ('ment), n. a mechani- 
 cal device for securing regularity of 
 movement. 
 
 escarp (-karp'), v.t. to give a steep 
 slope to : n. the side of the ditch next 
 the rampart forming a steep slope. 
 
 escarpment ('ment), n. the precipi- 
 tous face of a ridge of high land. 
 
 escheat (-chet), v.t. to forfeit 
 through failure of heirs : v.i. to re- 
 vert to the crown or lord of the 
 manor by reason of forfeiture or 
 failure of heirs : n. land or tene- 
 ments which fall to the crown or 
 lord of the manor by forfeiture or 
 failure of heirs. 
 
 eschew (-chu'), v.t. to shun; avoid. 
 
 escorial ( es-ko'ri-al ) , n. a worked- 
 out mine. 
 
 escort (es'kSrt), n. a body of armed 
 men acting as a guard ; a retinue : 
 v.t. (es-k6rt') to accompany; con- 
 voy. 
 
 escritoire (-kri-twar'), n. a writing 
 desk, table, or bureau. 
 
 esculent ('ku-lent), adj. eatable. 
 
 escutcheon (-kuch'un), n. a shield 
 on which the heraldic arms of a 
 family are emblazoned. 
 
 Eskimo ('ki-mo), adj. pertaining to 
 one of a tribe of diminutive people 
 inhabiting Greenland and adjacent 
 parts. Also Esquimau. 
 
 esophagus (e-sof'a-gus), n. the gul- 
 let or canal through which food and 
 drink pass to the stomach. Also 
 oesophagus. 
 
 esoteric (es-o-ter'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to doctrines taught privately ; se- 
 cret ; confidential. 
 
 esoterist ('o-ter-ist), n. an occultist. 
 
 espaliers (-pal'yerz), n.pl. fruit trees 
 trained on a trellis. 
 
 esparto (-par'to), n. a species of 
 Spanish grass used for making pa- 
 per. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
esp 
 
 especial (-pesh'al), adj. particular; 
 chief. 
 
 especially (-li), adv. particularly; 
 chiefly. 
 
 espionage ('pi-o-naj), n. the act or 
 practice of spying to detect wrong- 
 doing, or of employing spies or se- 
 cret agents. 
 
 esplanade (-pla-nad'), n. a level 
 walk or drive, especially by the sea- 
 side ; a lawn ; glacis. 
 
 espousal (-pouz'al), adj. pertaining 
 to the act of espousing : n. the act 
 of espousing or betrothing : pi. the 
 ceremony of contracting a man and 
 woman to each other in marriage. 
 
 espouse (-pouz'), v.t. to promise, en- 
 gage, or give in marriage ; wed ; 
 adopt; advocate or defend, as a 
 cause. 
 
 esprit de corps (-pre' de kor'), a 
 spirit of common devotion, honor, 
 interest, binding together men of 
 the same profession, society, &c. 
 
 espy (-pi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. espied, 
 p.pr. espying], to see at a distance; 
 discover (something intended to be 
 hid) ; see unexpectedly. 
 
 Esquimau, same as Eskimo. 
 
 esquire (-kwlr'), n. originally the ar- 
 mor-bearer or attendant on a knight ; 
 a title next below a knight ; a title 
 applied to professional men, justices 
 of the peace, and often used instead 
 of Mr. in the address of a letter. 
 
 essay ('sa), n. a short written com- 
 position or treatise ; an attempt ; 
 experiment: v.t. (es-sa/), [p.t. & 
 p.p. essayed, p.pr. essaying], to try 
 or attempt. 
 
 essence ('ens), n. the concentrated 
 preparation of any substance ; vola- 
 tile matter ; perfume ; that in which 
 the real character of a thing con- 
 sists. 
 
 essential (-sen'shal), adj. necessary 
 to the existence of a thing; most 
 important ; indispensable ; pure ; 
 volatile ; highly rectified. 
 
 essentiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being essential. 
 
 essentially (-li), adv. in the highest 
 degree. 
 
 establish (-tablish), v.t. to fix firm- 
 ly; settle; prove legally; strength- 
 en ; restore. 
 
 etc 
 
 establishment (-ment), n. the act 
 of establishing ; ratification ; settle- 
 ment ; a plap e of residence or busi- 
 ness ; household ; income ; a form of 
 religion connected with the state. 
 
 estate (-tat'), n. condition of life; 
 rank, position, or quality ; the title 
 or interest one has in lands or tene- 
 ments ; property in general : pi. or- 
 ders or classes of men in a country ; 
 a legislative assembly composed of 
 these classes. 
 
 esteem (-tern'), v.t. to set a high 
 value upon ; respect ; prize ; con- 
 sider : n. favorable opinion ; estima- 
 tion ; respect ; reverence. 
 
 esthetics, same as aesthetics. 
 
 estimable ( 'ti-ma-bl ) , adj. worthy of 
 regard, esteem, or honor ; calcula- 
 ble. 
 
 estimate ('ti-mat), v.t. to compute; 
 determine the value of : n. the com- 
 puted cost* or value of anything ; 
 appraisement. 
 
 estimation (-ma'shun), n. calcula- 
 tion ; appraisement ; honor, respect, 
 or esteem ; conjecture. 
 
 estop (-top'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. es- 
 topped, p.pr. estopping], to place 
 under estoppel ; bar. 
 
 estoppel ( 'el ) , n. a legal impediment. 
 
 estovers (-to'verz), n.pl. alimony; 
 wood taken for his own use by a 
 tenant. 
 
 estrade (-trad'), n. a level place; a 
 slightly raised platform. 
 
 estrange (-tranj'), v.t. to alienate; 
 keep at a distance ; turn from kind- 
 ness to indifference or enmity (with 
 from). 
 
 estrapade (-tra-pad'), n. the effort 
 of a horse in trying to throw his 
 rider, by kicking, rearing, &c. 
 
 est rich ('trich), n. a trade name for 
 fine ostrich down. 
 
 estuarial ( -tu-a'ri-al ) , adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or formed in, an estuary. 
 Also estuarine. 
 
 estuary ('tii-a-ri), n. [pi. estuaries 
 (-riz) ], the mouth of a tidal river. 
 
 et caster a (et set'er-a), and others 
 of the same kind; and so forth. 
 Also et cetera. 
 
 etch (ech), v.t. to engrave by biting 
 out with an acid the design previous- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 P 21. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ete 
 
 end 
 
 ly drawn with an etching-needle : v.i. 
 to practice etching. 
 
 eternal (e-ter'nal), adj. without be- 
 ginning or end ; everlasting ; per- 
 petual ; incessant. 
 
 Eternal, n. an appellation of God 
 (with The). 
 
 eternally (-li), adv. perpetually. 
 
 eternity ('ni-ti), n. [pi. eternities 
 (-tiz)], infinite duration; unending 
 existence. 
 
 etesian (e-te'zhi-an), adj. noting the 
 north or northeast wind which in 
 early spring prevails over Europe. 
 
 ether (e'ther), n. an extremely fine 
 fluid, lighter than air, supposed to 
 pervade all space beyond the atmos- 
 phere of the earth ; a volatile in- 
 flammable liquid produced by the 
 distillation of alcohol with sulphuric 
 acid. 
 
 ethereal (-the're-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or formed of, ethelr ; airy ; ex- 
 quisite ; heavenly. 
 
 ethereally (-li), adv. in an ethereal 
 manner. 
 
 etherol (e'ther-ol), n. a yellowish, 
 viscid, oily hydrocarbon. 
 
 ethical (eth'i-kal), adj. pertaining to 
 ethics ; moral. Also ethic. 
 
 ethics ('iks), n.pl. the science that 
 treats of the principles of human 
 morality and duty ; moral philoso- 
 phy ; morals. 
 
 Ethiopian (-thi-o'pi-an), adj. per- 
 taining to Ethiopia : n. a native of 
 Ethiopia. 
 
 ethmoid (eth'moid), n. a light, 
 spongy, sieve-like bone, which forms 
 the roof of the nose. 
 
 ethnic ('nik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 characteristic of, races or peoples. 
 Also ethnical. 
 
 ethnography (-nog'ra-fi), n. the sci- 
 entific description of races and na- 
 tions of mankind. 
 
 ethnology (-nol'o-ji), n. the science 
 that treats of races of men, their 
 characteristics, &c. 
 
 ethology (-ol'6-ji), n. the science 
 of ethics. 
 
 ethos (e'thos), n. the characteristic 
 genius of a people, institution, or 
 system. 
 
 ethyl (eth'il), n. a monatomic fatty 
 
 hydrocarbon radical, contained in 
 alcohol and ether. 
 
 ethylene (-en), n. heavy carburetted 
 hydrogen,_ or defiant gas. 
 
 etiolate (e'ti-o-lat), v.t. to blanch or 
 whiten by exclusion from sunlight. 
 
 etiquette (et'i-ket), n. the conven- 
 tional rules or ceremonial observed 
 in polite society ; good breeding. 
 
 etymological (et-i-mo-loj'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to etymology. 
 
 etymologically (-li), adv. in an ety- 
 mological manner. 
 
 etymologist (-mol'6-jist), n. one 
 who is proficient in etymology. Also 
 etymologer. 
 
 etymologize (-mol'o-jiz), v.i. to in- 
 vestigate the origin and primary 
 meaning of words. 
 
 etymology ('o-ji), n. [pi. etymolo- 
 gies (-jiz)L that branch of philolo- 
 gy which treats of the origin and 
 derivation of words ; that part of 
 grammar which treats of the parts 
 of speech and their inflections. 
 
 etymon ('i-mon), n. the root of a 
 word or its primitive signification. 
 
 eucalyptol (ti-ka-lip'tol), n. a liquid 
 contained in eucalyptus oil. 
 
 Eucalyptus ('tus), n. [pi. Eucalypti 
 ('ti)], a genus of Australian ever- 
 green trees, some species of which 
 furnish gum and a valuable medi- 
 cine. 
 
 eucalyptus, n. a tree of the genus 
 above defined. 
 
 eucharist (u'ka-rist), n. the Holy 
 Communion ; the sacrament of the 
 Lord's Supper ; the elements, bread 
 and wine, used in that sacrament. 
 
 eucharistic (-ris'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the eucharist ; expressing 
 thanksgiving. Also eucharistical. 
 
 euchlorine (-klo'rin), n. a greenish 
 explosive gas, having bleaching 
 properties. 
 
 euchre ('ker), n. a particular game 
 of cards, those between seven and 
 ace being discarded : v.t. to prevent 
 (an opponent at euchre) from tak- 
 ing three of the five tricks : hence 
 to outwit. 
 
 eudiometer (-di-om'e-ter), n. a grad- 
 uated instrument for measuring the 
 volume of a gas. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
eul 
 
 eve 
 
 eulogist (-jist), n. one who eulo- 
 gizes. 
 
 eulogistic ('ik), adj. laudatory. 
 
 eulogize ('16-jiz), v.t. to praise high- 
 ly ; commend. 
 
 eulogy (-ji), n. [pi. eulogies (-jiz)], 
 the praise of anyone spoken or writ- 
 ten ; panegyric. 
 
 eunuch ('nuk), n. a castrated per- 
 son, especially an attendant in a 
 harem. 
 
 euphemism ('fem-izm), n. the sub- 
 stitution of a delicate or pleasing 
 expression in place of that which is 
 offensive or indelicate. 
 
 euphemistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or characterized by, euphe- 
 mism. 
 
 euphonic (-fon'ik), adj. sounding 
 pleasantly to the ear. Also euphoni- 
 cal, euphonious. 
 
 euphonium (-fo'ni-um), n. a bass 
 brass instrument ; a musical instru- 
 ment consisting of glass tubes unit- 
 ed by metal bars. 
 
 euphony ('fo-ni), n. [pi. euphonies 
 (-niz)], an agreeable sound, or pro- 
 nunciation. 
 
 euphuism ('fii-izm), n. the pedantic 
 or affected use of words or language. 
 
 Eureka (u-re'ka), n. a Greek word 
 signifying " I have found it." 
 
 euro cly don (-rok'li-don), n. a tem- 
 pestuous northeasterly wind preva- 
 lent in the Levant. Also euraquilo. 
 
 eustachian (-sta'ki-an), adj. noting 
 a tube which leads from the cavity 
 of the tympanum of the ear to the 
 pharynx. 
 
 eutectic (-tek'tik), adj. melting at a 
 low temperature. 
 
 euthanasia (-than-a'zhi-a), n. a 
 painless, easy death. Also euthan- 
 asy. 
 
 evacuate (e-vak'ti-at), v.t. to make 
 void or empty ; discharge through 
 the excretory passages ; abandon 
 possession, or withdraw from. 
 
 evade (-vail'), v.t. to elude; escape 
 by artifice, stratagem, or sophistry. 
 
 evadihle ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing evaded. Also evadable. 
 
 evanescent (ev-a-nes'ent), adj. dis- 
 appearing gradually from sight ; 
 vanishing. 
 
 evangel (e-van'jel), n. good news, 
 especially that of the Gospel. 
 
 evangelical ('ik-al), adj. pertaining 
 to the Gospel, or the four Gospels; 
 maintaining the fundamental doc- 
 trines of the Protestant faith ; spir- 
 itually minded. Also evangelic: n. 
 one who holds evangelical doctrines. 
 
 evangelically (-li), adv. in an evan- 
 gelical manner. 
 
 evangelism ('jel-izm), n. the doctrine 
 and preaching of evangelical princi- 
 ples. Also evangelicalism. 
 
 evangelist (-ist), n. one of the four 
 writers of the Gospel ; an itinerant 
 preacher. 
 
 evangelize ('jel-iz), v.t. to instruct 
 in the Gospel ; convert to Chris- 
 tianity. 
 
 evaporate (-vap'o-rat), v.i. to dis- 
 perse in vapor; pass away without 
 effect : v.t. to convert into vapor. 
 
 evaporation (-ra'shun), n. the slow 
 conversion of a fluid into vapor. 
 
 evasion (-va'zhun), n. the act of 
 evading; an excuse; equivocation; 
 subterfuge. 
 
 evasive (-va'siv), adj. tending, or 
 seeking to evade; elusive. 
 
 evasively (-li), adv. with evasion. 
 
 eve (ev), n. the fast or vigil before 
 a church festival, or saint's day ; 
 the period immediately preceding 
 some important event; evening 
 [Poet.]. * 
 
 evection (-vek'shun), n. a periodical 
 irregularity of the moon's motion. 
 
 even (e'vn), adj. level; uniform; 
 smooth; parallel; divisible by 2 
 without a remainder ; equal ; bal- 
 anced ; calm; whole: n. evening 
 [Poet.] : v.t. to level or make even: 
 v.t. to be quits : adv. verily ; exactly ; 
 noting emphasis ; but also. 
 
 evening ( 'vn-ing) , n. the close of the 
 day and beginning of the night ; the 
 latter end of life. 
 
 evenly (-li), adv. in an even man- 
 ner; smoothly; uniformly; impar- 
 tially. 
 
 evenness (-nes), n. smoothness; uni- 
 formity ; regularity ; equality of sur- 
 face ; equanimity. 
 
 event (-vent'), n. an occurrence; in- 
 cident ; consequence of an action ; 
 
 ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
eve 
 
 exa 
 
 any single item in a program of 
 sports or games. 
 
 eventful ('fool), adj. full of inci- 
 dents or events ; momentous. 
 
 eventide ('vn-tid), n. evening. 
 
 eventual (-ven'tu-al), adj. happen- 
 ing as a result; ultimate; contin- 
 gent. 
 
 eventuality ('i-ti), n. [pi. eventual- 
 ities (-tiz)], a possible occurrence; 
 a propensity to take cognizance of 
 events or facts. 
 
 eventually (-li), adv. ultimately. 
 
 eventuate ('tu-at), v.t. to happen; 
 terminate ; result. 
 
 ever (ev'er), adv. at any time; al- 
 ways ; without end ; in any degree. 
 
 everglade (-glad), n. a low, swampy 
 tract of land, with patches of tall 
 
 evergreen (-gren), n. a tree or plant 
 which retains its foliage throughout 
 the year : adj. always green, or 
 fresh. 
 
 everlasting (-last'ing), adj. perpet- 
 ual : n. eternity ; a plant whose flow- 
 ers retain their color when dried ; a 
 kind of stout woolen material. 
 
 Everlasting, n. God, the Eternal. 
 
 evermore (-mor), adv. eternally; al- 
 ways. 
 
 evert (e-vert'), v.t. to destroy; over- 
 throw ; turn outwards. 
 
 every (ev'ri or ev'er-i), adj. the 
 whole, taken one at a time ; each. 
 
 evict (e-vikf), v.t. to expel or dis- 
 possess by legal process. 
 
 eviction (-vik'shun), n. the act of 
 evicting. 
 
 evidence (ev'i-dens), n. indubitable 
 certainty ; proof ; testimony : v.t. to 
 prove; make evident or plain. 
 
 evident (-dent), adj. plain; obvious. 
 
 evidential (-den'shal), adj. proving 
 clearly. 
 
 evidentially (-li), adv. as evidence. 
 
 evil (e'vl), adj. morally bad; wicked; 
 sinful ; unfortunate ; mischievous ; 
 disastrous ; worthless : adv. badly ; 
 unkindly : n. moral depravity ; in- 
 jury ; affliction. 
 
 evil-eye (-1), n. an influence for in- 
 jury, supposed to be exerted by cer- 
 tain persons who cast a malignant 
 glance at anyone. 
 
 evilly (-li), adv. maliciously; wick- 
 edly. 
 
 evince (e-vins'), v.t. to manifest or 
 make evident ; demonstrate. 
 
 evincible (-vin'si-bl), adj. capable 
 of proof or demonstration. 
 
 eviscerate (-vis'er-at), v.t. to dis- 
 embowel. 
 
 evoke (-vok'), v.t. to call forth. 
 
 evolution (ev-o-lu'shun), n. devel- 
 opment or growth ; the movements 
 of troops in marching or on the bat- 
 tle field ; the extraction of roots of 
 any arithmetical or algebraical pow- 
 er ; the gradual development or de- 
 scent of forms of life from simple 
 or low organized types consisting of 
 a single cell. 
 
 evolutional (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or resulting from, evolution. Also 
 evolutionary. 
 
 evolutionist (-ist), adj. pertaining 
 to evolution : n. one who maintains 
 the doctrine of evolution ; tactician. 
 
 evolutive (-tiv), adj. evolutionary. 
 
 evolve (e-volv'), v.t. to develop; un- 
 fold ; expand ; work out. 
 
 ewe (u), n. a female sheep. 
 
 ewer ('er), n. a large water jug, used 
 in the toilet. 
 
 ex, prefix, meaning out of, heyond, 
 from; before words denoting occu- 
 pation or office, it indicates previous 
 occupancy. 
 
 exact (egz-akt'), adj. very correct or 
 accurate; precise; methodical; 
 strict ; particular : v.t. require or 
 claim authoritatively ; compel to be 
 paid ; insist upon as a right. 
 
 exacting ('ing), p. adj. making un- 
 reasonable demands ; oppressive ; 
 severe ; arduous. 
 
 exaction (-ak'shun), n. the act of 
 exacting; extortion. 
 
 exactly ('li), adv. accurately; pre- 
 cisely. 
 
 exactness ('nes), n. accuracy; pre- 
 cision. 
 
 exactor ('er), n. one who exacts. 
 
 exaggerate (egz-aj'er-at), v.t. to en- 
 large or heighten by overstatement; 
 color highly. 
 
 exalt (-awlf), v.t. to elevate in rank, 
 station, or dignity ; raise on high ; 
 glorify or extol. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
examine (-am'in), v.t. to scrutinize 
 or investigate carefully ; search or 
 inquire into ; interrogate as a wit- 
 ness ; test orally or by papers the 
 knowledge, qualifications, &c, of, as 
 a candidate for a degree or office ; 
 experiment ; analyze ; test. 
 
 examinee (-i-ne'), n. one who is ex- 
 amined. 
 
 example (-am'pl), n. a pattern; a 
 model or copy ; an illustration of a 
 rule or precept ; sample ; specimen ; 
 one punished for the admonition of 
 others. 
 
 exasperate (egz-as'per-at), v.t. to 
 irritate exceedingly ; enrage great- 
 ly ; embitter ; intensify : adj. cov- 
 ered with hard, stiff points : said of 
 a plant. 
 
 ex cathedra (eks ka-the'dra), adv. 
 with an air of official authority ; 
 dogmatically. 
 
 excavate (eks'ka-vat), v.t. to dig or 
 hollow out ; scoop or cut out. 
 
 excavation (-va'shun), n. a hollow 
 cavity formed by cutting or digging 
 out earth ; an open earth-cutting. 
 
 excavator (-va-ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, excavates; a digging 
 machine. 
 
 exceed (ek-sed'), v.t. to go beyond the 
 limit or measure of ; surpass ; excel ; 
 transcend: v.i. to be greater; go be- 
 yond bounds. 
 
 exceeding ('ing), p. adj. very great. 
 
 exceedingly (-li), adv. extremely. 
 
 excel (-sel'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. excelled, 
 p.pr. excelling], to possess good 
 qualities in a great degree : v.t. sur- 
 pass ; outdo in comparison ; to be 
 superior to. 
 
 excellence (-ens), n. the state of ex- 
 celling in anything; superior merit, 
 goodness, or virtue. 
 
 excellency (-en-si), n. [pi. excellen- 
 cies (-siz) ], a title of honor of vari- 
 ous high officials, as an ambassador, 
 governor, &c. 
 
 excellent (-ent), adj. of great value, 
 merit, or virtue ; highly useful or 
 desirable ; eminently distinguished 
 for goodness, or ability. 
 
 excelsior ('si-er), adj. yet higher. 
 
 except (-sept'), v.t. to omit or leave 
 out; exclude: v.i. to object (with 
 
 to) : prep, omitting; without inclu- 
 sion of ; besides : conj. unless. 
 
 exception ('shun), n. the state of 
 being excepted ; omission ; exclu- 
 sion ; objection; offense taken (with 
 to ) ; a formal objection to a decision 
 of a court during trial. 
 
 exceptionable (-a-bl), adj. objec- 
 tionable. 
 
 exceptional (-al), adj. unusual. 
 
 exceptionally (-li), adv. unusually. 
 
 excerpt (-serpf), v.t. to take out or 
 select from, as a book ; quote : n. a 
 selection or extract from a book or 
 writing. 
 
 excess (-ses'), n. that which exceeds 
 the ordinary limit, measure, or ex- 
 perience ; overplus ; superfluity ; in- 
 temperance. 
 
 excessive ('iv), adj. extreme; un- 
 reasonable. 
 
 exchange (eks-chanj'), v.t. to give in 
 return for an equivalent ; barter, 
 give, resign, or abandon : n. the act 
 of exchanging ; barter ; reciprocity ; 
 the act of resigning one thing for 
 another ; a place where merchants 
 meet (often 'change). 
 
 exchange-broker (-bro'ker), n. a 
 broker who negotiates foreign bills. 
 
 exchangeable ('a-bl), adj. that may 
 be exchanged ; ratable. 
 
 exchanger ('er), n. a money-chang- 
 er. 
 
 exchequer (-chek'er), n. a treasury; 
 cash or funds; formerly an English 
 court of law, now merged into the 
 Queen's Bench division of the High 
 Court of Justice. 
 
 excisable ( ek-siz'a-bl ) , adj. dutiable. 
 
 excise (-siz'), v.t. to levy an excise 
 duty upon : n. an inland tax levied 
 on commodities of home production 
 and consumption. 
 
 excision (-sizh'un), n. the act of cut- 
 ting out, or off; the state of being 
 cut off ; destruction ; ruin ; amputa- 
 tion. 
 
 excitability (-sit-ta-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. 
 excitabilities (-tiz)], the state or 
 quality of being excitable or easily 
 stirred up ; sensitiveness to irrita- 
 tion. 
 
 excitant (-si'tant), n. a stimulant. 
 
 excitation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
 exciting; the excitement produced. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then, 
 
exe 
 
 excite (-sit'), v.t. to animate; rouse 
 up ; encourage ; put into motion or 
 action. 
 
 excited ('ed), p. adj. aroused; pro- 
 voked. 
 
 exciting ('ing), p.adj. tending to ex- 
 cite ; stirring ; lively. 
 
 excitement ('ment), n. the state of 
 being excited ; commotion ; sensa- 
 tion ; stimulation ; warmth of tem- 
 per. 
 
 exclaim (eks-klam'), v.i. & v.t. to cry 
 out abruptly and passionately ; to 
 vociferate. 
 
 exclamation (-kla-ma'shun), n. an 
 abrupt or clamorous outcry ; an ex- 
 pression of surprise, pain, &c. ; a 
 mark (!) in writing or printing to 
 denote emotion, surprise, &c. 
 
 exclamatorily (-li), adv. in an ex- 
 clamatory manner. 
 
 exclamatory (-klam'a-to-ri), adj. 
 containing, expressing, or using, ex- 
 clamation. 
 
 exclave ('klav), n. a small part of a 
 country lying within the territory of 
 another power. 
 
 exclude (-klud'), v.t. to shut out; 
 hinder from entrance or admission ; 
 prohibit ; debar ; except. 
 
 exclusion (-klu'zhun), w. the act of 
 excluding ; the state of being ex- 
 cluded ; omission. 
 
 exclusionist (-ist), n. one who would 
 debar another from any privilege or 
 right. 
 
 exclusive ('siv), adj. tending to ex- 
 clude ; illiberal ; shutting out from 
 limits fixed by law : n. one who ex- 
 cludes all but a few from his society 
 or fellowship. 
 
 excogitate (-koj'i-tat), v.t. to in- 
 vent ; discover by thinking. 
 
 excommunicable (-kom-mu'ni-ka- 
 bl), adj. deserving, or punishable 
 by, excommunication. 
 
 excommunicate ('ni-kat), v.t. to 
 punish by cutting off from the mem- 
 bership and communication of the 
 church. 
 
 excoriate (-ko'ri-at), v.t. to strip off 
 the skin ; rub or gall ; abrade. 
 
 excortication (-k6r-ti-ka'shun), n. 
 the act of stripping off bark. 
 
 excrement ('kre-ment), n. matter 
 
 discharged from the body of an ani- 
 mal after digestion. 
 
 excremental (-men'tal), adj. of the 
 nature of excrement. 
 
 excrement! tious (tish'us), adj. per- 
 taining to, or consisting of, excre- 
 ment. 
 
 excrescence (-kres'ens), n. an un- 
 natural or disfiguring outgrowth. 
 
 excrescent ('ent), adj. pertaining to 
 an excrescence ; superfluous. 
 
 excreta (-kre'ta), n.pl. useless mat- 
 ter eliminated from the body. 
 
 excretion ('shun), n. the throwing 
 off or ejection of waste matter from 
 the body. 
 
 excretory ('to-ri), adj. pertaining to 
 excretion : n. [pi. excretories (-riz) ], 
 a duct or vessel that transmits ex- 
 creted matter. 
 
 excruciate (-kru'shi-at), v.t. to in- 
 flict severe pains upon ; torture. 
 
 excruciating (-a-ting), adj. agoniz- 
 ing. 
 
 excruciation (-a/shun), n. agony; 
 torture. 
 
 exculpate (-kul'pat), v.t. to clear 
 from the imputation of a fault; ex- 
 onerate. 
 
 exculpatory ('pa-to-ri), adj. vindi- 
 catory. 
 
 excurrent (-kur'ent), adj. running 
 out beyond the edge : said of trees 
 or leaves. 
 
 excursion (-ker'shun), n. a pleasure 
 trip ; a short or rapid tour ; a di- 
 gression. 
 
 excursive ('siv), adj. rambling. 
 
 excursus ('sus), n. a dissertation 
 supplemental to a work, giving ad- 
 ditional information on certain 
 points ; a digression. 
 
 excusable (-kuz'a-bl), adv. pardona- 
 ble. 
 
 excusably (-bli), adv. pardonably. 
 
 excuse (-kuz'), v.t. to extenuate by 
 apology ; pardon ; free from obliga- 
 tion or duty ; remit ; justify : n. 
 (-kus') a plea offered in extenua- 
 tion of some fault or neglect of 
 duty ; apology ; pretext. 
 
 exeat ('e-at), n. leave of absence 
 from a college ; permission granted 
 by a bishop to a priest to depart 
 from his diocese. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
exh 
 
 execrate ('e-krat), v.t. to imprecate 
 evil upon ; detest ; abhor. 
 
 execration (-kra'shun), n. the act 
 of execrating ; imprecation ; detesta- 
 tion. 
 
 execute ('e-kut), v.t. to perform; 
 carry into effect ; put to death ; pur- 
 sue to the end ; make valid or legal 
 by signing or sealing : v.i. to per- 
 form any act or office ; play some 
 piece of music. 
 
 execution (-ku'shun), n. the act of 
 executing ; performance ; manner of 
 carrying anything into effect ; com- 
 pletion ; a legal warrant or order ; 
 the act of giving validity to a legal 
 instrument ; capital punishment ; 
 destruction ; effective work or oper- 
 ation. 
 
 executive (egs-ek'u-tiv), adj. per- 
 taining to the governing body ; ad- 
 ministrative ; active : n. an official, 
 or body, charged with carrying the 
 laws into effect ; the administrative 
 branch of a government. 
 
 executor ('u-ter), n. a person ap- 
 pointed by a testator to see that the 
 terms of his will are duly carried 
 out. Fern, executrix. 
 
 executory ('u-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to the execution of laws ; carrying 
 out official duties; to be performed 
 at a future period. 
 
 exegesis (eks-e-je'sis), n. explana- 
 tion or interpretation of a text or 
 passage, especially of the Bible. 
 
 exegetic (-jet'ik), adj. expository; 
 interpretative. Also exegetical : n. 
 pi. the science which deals with the 
 interpretation of Scripture. 
 
 exemplar (egz-em'plar), n. some- 
 thing to be copied, or serving as a 
 model ; example. 
 
 exemplary (-em'pla-ri), adj. serving 
 as a copy or model ; commendable. 
 
 exemplification (-pli-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 illustration by example. 
 
 exemplify ('pli-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 exemplified, p.pr. exemplifying], to 
 illustrate by example ; transcribe. ■ 
 
 exempt (-empf), v.t. to free from 
 some duty or obligation; grant im- 
 munity to : adj. free from some duty 
 or obligation (with from) : n. a 
 person thus set free ; an exon. 
 
 exequatur (eks-e-kwa'ter), n. a 
 written recognition of a consul or 
 commercial agent given by the for- 
 eign government to which he is 
 accredited, authorizing him to exer- 
 cise his authority in the place where 
 he is stationed. 
 
 exercise ('er-siz), v.t. to train by 
 use ; exert ; practice ; employ ac- 
 tively ; make anxious ; harass : v.i. 
 to undergo training : n. bodily exer- 
 tion ; mental or physical develop- 
 ment ; labor ; practice ; a lesson or 
 example for practice. 
 
 exercitor (egz-er'si-ter), n. the per- 
 son to whom the profits of a ship be- 
 long. 
 
 exergue (-erg'), n. the small space 
 beneath the principal design on a 
 coin or medal for the insertion of a 
 date, &c. 
 
 exert (-erf), v.t. to put forth; use 
 with an effort. 
 
 exeunt (eks'e-unt), they go out: a 
 word used in plays to denote that 
 the actors retire_ from the stage. 
 
 exfoliation (-fo-li-a'shun), n. the 
 act of scaling or peeling off. 
 
 exhalation (eks-ha-la'shun), n. the 
 act of exhaling ; emanation. 
 
 exhale (-haT), v.t. to breathe forth; 
 emit or send out ; cause to evapo- 
 rate : v.i. to rise in vapor. 
 
 exhaust (egz-awst'), v.t. to empty 
 by drawing off the contents ; drain ; 
 weaken ; wear out by exertion ; dis- 
 cuss or treat thoroughly : adj. whol- 
 ly or partially deprived of strength. 
 
 exhaustible ( 'i-bl ) , adj. capable of 
 being exhausted. 
 
 exhaustive ('iv), adj. exhausting; 
 complete. 
 
 exhibit (egz-ib'it and eks-hib'it,) v.t. 
 to present to view ; display ; show ; 
 manifest publicly ; present formally 
 or officially ; administer : n. a legal 
 document presented in proof of 
 facts; an object offered for public 
 view. 
 
 exhibition (-hi-bish'un), n. the act 
 of exhibiting ; a public show ; a pri- 
 vate benefaction for the support of 
 a scholar at a university. 
 
 exhilarate (egz-il'a-rat and eks-hil'- 
 a-rat), v.t. to make joyous, glad, or 
 cheerful ; enliven. 
 
 ate, 'arm, 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
exh 
 
 exhort (egz-ort and eks-hort'), v.t. 
 to incite by appeal or argument to 
 good deeds ; caution ; admonish. 
 
 exhortative ('a-tiv), adj. contain- 
 ing exhortation. 
 
 exhortatory ('a-to-ri), adj. tending 
 to exhort. 
 
 exhume (eks-hum'), v.t. to disinter. 
 
 exigency (eks'i-jen-si), n. [pi. exig- 
 encies (-siz)], pressing necessity or 
 demand ; urgency. 
 
 exigent ('i-jent), adj. urgent; press- 
 ing. 
 
 exile ( ex'il ) , v.t. to banish from one's 
 native country : n. the state of being 
 banished from one's native country ; 
 the condition of living away from 
 one's home or friends. 
 
 exist (egz-isf), v.t. to have existence; 
 live. 
 
 existence ('ens), n. the state of 
 being ; life ; duration ; occurrence. 
 
 existent ('tent), n. having being. 
 
 exit (eks'it), n. the act of going out; 
 egress ; the departure of an actor 
 from the stage. 
 
 exo, a prefix, meaning on the outside, 
 occurring in many scientific words. 
 
 exode (eks'od), n. an interlude, &c, 
 at the conclusion of a play. 
 
 ex officio (of-fish'i-o), by virtue of 
 office. 
 
 exogen ('6-jen), n. a plant which 
 increases year by year by the addi- 
 tion of layers outside the previous 
 bark : opposed to endogen. 
 
 exogenous (-oj'en-us), adj. pertain- 
 ing to exogens or their method of 
 growth. 
 
 exonerate (egz-on'er-at), v.t. to 
 free from the imputation of a fault ; 
 acquit ; justify ; relieve or dis- 
 charge from a responsibility, duty, 
 &c. 
 
 exonerative (-a-tiv), adj. tending to 
 exonerate. 
 
 exophthalmia (eks-of-thal'mia), n. 
 abnormal prominence of the eyeball. 
 
 exorbitance (egz'6r-bi-tans), n. go- 
 ing beyond due limits ; excess. Also 
 exorbitancy. 
 
 exorbitant (-tant), adj. excessive. 
 
 exorcise (eks'or-siz), v.t. to expel (an 
 evil spirit) by prayers or incanta- 
 tions ; pronounce exorcisms over. 
 
 exp 
 
 exorcism (-sizm), n. the act of ex- 
 pelling evil spirits. 
 
 exorcist (-sist), n. one who exor- 
 cises ; one of the minor orders in 
 the Roman Catholic and Greek 
 Churches. 
 
 exordium (egz-or'di-um), n. the 
 opening part of a speech or compo- 
 sition. 
 
 exosmose (eks'os-mos), n. the pas- 
 sage outwards through a membrane 
 of gases and liquids. 
 
 exoteric (-o-ter'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to the uninitiated public : opposed 
 to esoteric. 
 
 exotic (-ot'ik), adj. foreign. 
 
 expand (-pand'), v.t. to distend; di- 
 late ; extend : v.i. to increase in size. 
 
 expanse (-pans'), n. a continuous 
 area ; the firmament ; extent. 
 
 expansible (-pan'si-bl), adj. capable 
 of, or permitting, expansion. 
 
 expansion (-pan'shun), n. the state 
 of being expanded. 
 
 expansive ('siv), adj. capable of 
 being expanded ; widely extended ; 
 large. Also expansile. 
 
 ex parte (par'te), adj. one-sided. 
 
 expatiate (-pa'shi-at), v.i. to en- 
 large in statement or language; be 
 copious in discussion. 
 
 expatriate (-pat'ri-at), v.t. to drive 
 from one's native country. 
 
 expect (-pekf), v.t. to wait for; 
 look for with an apprehension of 
 something good or evil. 
 
 expectance ('ans), n. the act or 
 state of expecting. Also expectancy. 
 
 expectant ('ant), adj. waiting in ex- 
 pectation ; presumptive. 
 
 expectation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
 looking forward to ; anticipation ; 
 contingent prospect of wealth. 
 
 expectorant ('to-rant), n. a medi- 
 cine that promotes expectoration. 
 
 expectorate ('to-rat), v.t. to eject 
 from the lungs by coughing, &c. ; 
 spit. 
 
 expectoration (-to-ra'shun), n. the 
 act of expectorating ; the mucous 
 matter expectorated. 
 
 expediency (-pe'di-en-si), n. [pi. ex- 
 pediencies (-siz)], suitability to an 
 end or purpose ; fitness ; propriety. 
 Also expedience. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
«p 
 
 expedient ('di-ent), adj. fit; con- 
 venient ; suitable ; proper : n. that 
 which aids as a means to an end ; 
 device. 
 
 expedite ('pe-dlt), v.t. to hasten; 
 facilitate. 
 
 expedition (-dish'un), n. haste; des- 
 patch ; promptness ; a march, voy- 
 age, &c, by an army or several per- 
 sons for some particular purpose. 
 
 expeditionary (-a-ri), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or constituting, an expedition. 
 
 expeditious ( 'us ) , adj. quick; 
 speedy. 
 
 expel (-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ex- 
 pelled, p.pr. expelling], to drive 
 away ; force out ; send away by 
 authority ; exclude. 
 
 expend (-pend'), v.t. to lay out; 
 spend. 
 
 expenditure ('i-tur), n. a laying out, 
 as money, time, labor, &c. ; disburse- 
 ment. 
 
 expense (-pens'), n. expenditure; 
 drain on resources ; detriment ; cost. 
 
 expensive ('iv), adj. causing ex- 
 pense. 
 
 experience (-pe'ri-ens), n. knowl- 
 edge gained by trial and practice ; 
 test ; practice ; spiritual exercise of 
 mind. 
 
 experientialism (-en'shal-izm), n. 
 the theory that all knowledge is 
 based upon experience. 
 
 experiment (-per'i-ment) , n. a trial 
 or operation to discover something 
 previously unknown ; proof ; trial : 
 v.i. to search out by trial. Also 
 experimentalize. 
 
 experimental (-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or founded on, experiment ; 
 guided, or learned by experience. 
 
 experimentally (-li), adv. by ex- 
 periment. 
 
 expert (-pert'), adj. skilful, through 
 practice or experience ; adroit ; dex- 
 terous. 
 
 expiate ('pi-at), v.t. to atone for. 
 
 expiatory (-a-to-ri), adj. having the 
 power or nature of atonement. 
 
 expiration (-pi-ra'shun), n. termi- 
 nation. 
 
 expire (-pir'), v.t. to breathe out 
 from the lungs : v.i. to die. 
 
 expiry ('pi-ri), n. the end. 
 
 explain (-plan'), v.t. to make in- 
 
 «P 
 
 telligible or clear ; expound or in- 
 terpret. 
 
 explanation (-pla-na'shun), n. the 
 act of explaining ; elucidation ; in- 
 terpretation ; a mutual clearing up 
 of a misunderstanding. 
 
 explanatory (-plan'a-to-ri), adj. 
 serving to explain. 
 
 expletive ('ple-tiv), n. a word not 
 necessary for the sense inserted in 
 a sentence for ornament or to fill 
 up a verse : adj. filling up ; added 
 or inserted for emphasis, &c. 
 
 explicable ('pli-ka-bl), adj. that 
 may be explained or interpreted. 
 
 explicative (-ka-tiv), adj. serving to 
 explain. Also explicatory. 
 
 explicit (-plis'it), adj. plain ; definite. 
 
 explode (-plod'), v.i. to burst forth 
 with sudden noise and violence ; col- 
 lapse : v.t. to cause to pass from a 
 solid to a gaseous state ; refute ; de- 
 molish. 
 
 exploit (-ploif), v.t. to make use of 
 for one's own profit ; put to use ; 
 explore in search of ; explain at 
 length : n. a remarkable deed or 
 heroic act. 
 
 exploitation (-ploi-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of exploiting ; the' improvement 
 of lands, working of mines, &c. ; an 
 examination to utilize natural re- 
 sources previously neglected ; sel- 
 fish utilization. 
 
 exploration (-plo-ra'shun), n. the 
 act of exploring ; careful investi- 
 gation or search, especially geo- 
 graphical research. 
 
 explore (-plor'), v.t. to search into 
 or examine thoroughly ; travel in 
 or over (a country) to discover its 
 characteristic features, &c. 
 
 explosion (-plo'zhun), n. the act of 
 exploding ; a sudden bursting with 
 a loud report ; a sudden and violent 
 outbreak. 
 
 explosive ('siv), adj. pertaining to, 
 or causing, explosion : n. any sub- 
 stance that causes an explosion ; a 
 mute consonant. 
 
 exponent (-po'nent), n. the index of 
 an algebraical power ; one who ex- 
 plains or interprets the principles 
 of something. 
 
 exponential (-nen'shal), adj. per- 
 taining to an exponent. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
exp 
 
 ext 
 
 export (-port'), v.t. to send or carry 
 out of a country, as merchandise : 
 v.i. to send goods to a foreign 
 country: (eks'port), n. a commodity 
 carried to a foreign country. 
 
 expose (~poz'), v.t. to lay open; put 
 forward for sale; leave to the ac- 
 tion of any force or circumstance ; 
 disclose ; place in peril ; lay open to 
 censure or ridicule. 
 
 expose (-po-za'), n. an exposure. 
 
 exposition (-zish'un), n. an expla- 
 nation or interpretation ; an exhi- 
 bition. 
 
 expositor (-poz'i-ter), «. one who ex- 
 pounds or interprets. 
 
 expository ('i-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to, or conveying, exposition. Also 
 expositive. 
 
 ex post facto (post fak'to), (Latin, 
 after the deed is done), a law en- 
 acted with retrospective effect. 
 
 expostulate (-pos'tu-lat), v.i. to 
 reason earnestly or remonstrate 
 (followed by with, on or upon). 
 
 expostulatory ( 'tu-la-to-ri ) , adj. 
 pertaining to, containing, or of the 
 nature of, expostulation. 
 
 exposure (-po'zhiir), n. the act of 
 exposing ; situation ; aspect. 
 
 expound (-pound'), v.t. to set forth, 
 explain, or interpret ; make clear. 
 
 express (-pres'), v.t. to exhibit by 
 language; utter; show; represent; 
 squeeze out; despatch by express: 
 adj. plainly stated; exact; resem- 
 bling precisely ; not implied ; special- 
 ly prepared; pertaining to quick or 
 direct conveyance : n. a person or 
 vehicle that carries letters or small 
 packages expeditiously ; an express- 
 train; a message or despatch; a 
 regular and systematic method < of 
 conveyance for passengers, mails, 
 goods of small bulk, &c. 
 
 expressible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
 being expressed, in any sense of the 
 word. 
 
 expression (-presh'un), n. the act 
 or power of representing anything; 
 a saying ; mode of speech ; transient 
 change of the countenance; modu- 
 lation of the voice. 
 
 expressive ('iv), adj. serving to ex- 
 press; full of significance; forcibly. 
 
 expressively (-li), adv. in an ex- 
 pressive manner. 
 
 expressly (-pres'li), adv. plainly; 
 specially. 
 
 expressman ('man), n. the person 
 who takes charge of express matter 
 and attends to its delivery; the 
 driver of an express wagon. 
 
 expropriation (-pro-pri-a'shun), n. 
 the exclusion of a small owner from 
 the ownership of land, &c. 
 
 expulsion (-pul'shun), n. forcible 
 ejection. 
 
 expulsive (-siv), adj. serving to ex- 
 pel. 
 
 expunge (-punj'), v.t. to blot out; 
 erase ; destroy ; obliterate. 
 
 expurgate ('per-gat), v.t. to remove 
 whatever is offensive to good taste 
 or morality from : said of books. 
 
 expurgator (-ga-ter), n. one who ex- 
 purgates. 
 
 expurgatory ('ga-to-ri), adj. serving 
 to expurgate. 
 
 exquisite ('kwi-zit), adj. refined; 
 delicate ; nice ; accurate ; choice ; ex- 
 cellent ; highly finished ; very sen- 
 sibly felt ; extreme : n. a person 
 over refined in dress ; a dandy. 
 
 extant ('tant), adj. still existing. 
 
 extemporaneous (-tem-po-ra'ne-us) , 
 adj. unpremediated ; without pre- 
 vious notes or study; off-hand. 
 Also extemporary. 
 
 extempore ('po-re), adj. without 
 study or premeditation. 
 
 extemporize ('po-riz), v.t. to com- 
 pose on the spur of the moment : v.i. 
 to discourse, &c, without notes or 
 previous study. 
 
 extend (-tend'), v.t. to stretch out; 
 enlarge ; amplify ; continue ; diffuse ; 
 communicate ; disseminate : v.i. to 
 reach to any distance ; be prolonged. 
 
 extensible (-ten'si-bl), adj. capable 
 of extension. Also extensile. 
 
 extension ('shun), n. the act of ex- 
 tending; the state of being ex- 
 tended ; a branch line of railway, 
 &c. ; space regarded as having di- 
 mensions. 
 
 extensive ('siv), adj. having great 
 extent ; wide ; comprehensive. 
 
 extensively (-li), adv. widely ; large- 
 ly. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ext 
 
 est 
 
 extensometer (-som'e-ter), n. a mi- 
 crometer for measuring the expan- 
 sion of a body. 
 
 extensor (-ten'ser), n. a muscle that 
 extends, or straightens, a limb. 
 
 extent (-tent'), n. the space or de- 
 gree to which a thing is extended ; 
 size ; compass ; reach ; a writ of 
 execution. 
 
 extenuate (-ten'u-at), v.t. to offer 
 excuses for ; palliate ; mitigate. 
 
 extenuator (-a-ter), n. one who ex- 
 tenuates. 
 
 extenuatory (-to-ri), adj. palliative. 
 
 exterior (-te'ri-er). adj. outward; 
 external : n. that which is outside ; 
 outer surface. 
 
 exterminate (-ter'mi-nat), v.t. to 
 destroy utterly ; annihilate ; .root 
 out. 
 
 exterminator (-na-ter), n. one who, 
 or that which, exterminates. 
 
 exterminatory (-to-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to extermination ; serving to 
 exterminate. 
 
 extern (-tern'), n. a non-resident 
 scholar : adj. external ; visible. 
 
 external (-ter'nal), adj. outside; ex- 
 terior ; superficial ; objective ; for- 
 eign : w.an exterior or outward part ; 
 an outward form, rite, or ceremony. 
 
 externally (-li), adv. outwardly. 
 
 exterritoriality (- ter - ri-to-ri-al'i- 
 ti), n. the right possessed by am- 
 bassadors to live under the laws of 
 their own country. 
 
 extinct (-tingkt'), adj. extinguished; 
 put out ; quenched ; worn out ; in- 
 active. 
 
 extincteur ('tur or -tang-tur'), n. a 
 portable fire-extinguisher. 
 
 extinguish (-ting'gwish), v.t. to put 
 out ; pay off and satisfy in full ; 
 eclipse. 
 
 extinguisher (-er), n. one who, or 
 that which, extinguishes ; a hollow 
 cone for extinguishing a light. 
 
 extirpate ('ter-pat), v.t. to eradi- 
 cate ; destroy ; exterminate. 
 
 extirpative (-tiv), adj. capable of, 
 or tending to, extirpate. Also ex- 
 tirpatory. 
 
 extirpator (-ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, extirpates. 
 
 extol (tol'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ex- 
 
 tolled, p.pr. extolling], to praise 
 highly; magnify; laud; celebrate. 
 
 extorsive (-tor'siv), adj. tending to 
 extort. 
 
 extort (-tort'), v.t. to obtain by 
 threats, violence, or injustice: v.i. 
 to practice extortion. 
 
 extortion (-tor 'shun), n. the act or 
 practice of extorting; oppressive or 
 unjust exaction. 
 
 extortionate ('shun-at), adj. char- 
 acterized by extortion ; unjust. 
 
 extortionately (-li), adv. in an ex- 
 tortionate manner. 
 
 extortioner ('shun-er), n. one who 
 practices extortion. Also extortion- 
 ist. 
 
 extra, a prefix meaning over and 
 above; beyond; besides, found in 
 numerous words, the sense of which 
 is self-evident, as e#£ra-official, ex- 
 £m-parochial, e#£r<z-judicial, extra- 
 mural, &c. 
 
 extra (/tra), adj. additional: n. 
 something not included in the usual 
 fee or charge ; an edition of a news- 
 paper issued in addition to the reg- 
 ular edition, or for some particular 
 object. 
 
 extract (-trakt'), v.t. to draw out 
 of ; pull out ; select from a larger 
 literary work: n. (eks'trakt) a sub- 
 stance extracted by distillation, so- 
 lution, &c. ; an abstract or excerpt 
 from a book ; quotation. 
 
 extraetible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
 being extracted. Also extractable. 
 
 extraction (-trak'shun), n. the act of 
 extracting; lineage, birth, or de- 
 scent. 
 
 extractor ('ter), n. one who, or that 
 which, extracts. 
 
 extradite ('tra-dit), v.t. to surrender 
 (a person) to another government 
 under the terms of a treaty of ex- 
 tradition. 
 
 extraditable (-dl'ta-bl), adj. liable 
 or subject to, extradition. 
 
 extradition (-dish'un), n. the sur- 
 render by the government of one 
 nation to another of a person guilty 
 of a crime, in accordance with the 
 terms of a treaty existing between 
 the two nations. 
 
 extrados ('dos), n. the exterior 
 curve of an arch. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 e, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ext 
 
 eyr 
 
 extrane (eks-tran'), adj. foreign; 
 not in accord with the hypnotized 
 , subject : n. one who is extreme. 
 
 extraneity (eks-tra-ne'i-ti), n. ex- 
 ternality. 
 
 extraneous ('ne-us), adj. external; 
 foreign. 
 
 extraordinary (-tror'di-na-ri, o r 
 -tra-6r'di-na-ri ) , adj. beyond or out 
 of the usual course ; uncommon ; 
 unusual ; remarkable ; rare ; emi- 
 nent; special. 
 
 extravagance (-trav'a-gans), n. ex- 
 cess in anything, especially expendi- 
 ture ; profusion. 
 
 extravagant ('a-gant), adj. exceed- 
 ing reasonable limits ; wasteful ; 
 prodigal ; irregular ; needlessly lav- 
 ish in expenditure ; visionary. 
 
 extravaganza (-gan'za), n. a stage 
 burlesque ; an irregular piece of 
 music; a wild flight of language or 
 feeling. 
 
 extravasate ('a-sat), v.t. to force 
 out of a duct or vessel, as brood : 
 v.i. to escape out of the proper ves- 
 sel. 
 
 extreme (-trem'), adj. of the highest 
 degree ; last ; utmost ; furthest ; final ; 
 most severe . or strict ; uncompro- 
 mising : n. the utmost degree of any- 
 thing ; extremity ; excess ; end : pi. 
 points at the greatest distance from 
 each other. 
 
 extremely ('li), adv. exceedingly. 
 
 extremist ('ist), n. a supporter of 
 extreme views or practice. 
 
 extremity (-trem'i-ti), n. [pi. ex- 
 tremities (-tiz)], the utmost point 
 or degree ; remotest part ; utmost 
 violence, vigor, or necessity ; end : 
 pi. the limbs. 
 
 extricate ('tri-kat), v.t. to free 
 from difficulties, complications, or 
 perplexity ; disembarrass. 
 
 extricable ( 'tri-ka-bl ) , adj. capable 
 of being extricated. 
 
 extrinsic (-trin'sik), adj. external; 
 not inherent or essential ; foreign. 
 
 extrinsically (-al-li), adv. outward- 
 s- 
 extroversion , (-tro-ver'shun), n. 
 
 the turning of an inner part out- 
 ward. 
 extrude (-trtid'), v.t. to thrust out. 
 
 exuberance (-u'ber-ans), n. super- 
 abundance. 
 
 exuberant (-ant), adj. copious. 
 
 exude (-ud f ), v.t. to discharge grad- 
 ually through pores : v.i. to flow 
 out slowly. 
 
 exult (egz-ulf), v.i. to rejoice in tri- 
 umph ; be glad above measure. 
 
 exultant ('ant), adj. rejoicing tri- 
 umphantly. 
 
 exuviae (eks-ii'vi-e), n.pl. the cast off 
 skins, shells, &c, of animals ; fossil 
 remains of animals. 
 
 eye (i), n. the organ of sight; the 
 eyeball ; sight ; observation ; view ; a 
 small perforation ; bnd ; that which 
 resembles an eye : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 eyed; p.pr. eyeing], to watch close- 
 ly ; keep in view ; scrutinize. 
 
 eyeball ('bawl), n. the globe of the 
 eye. 
 
 eyebright ('brit), n. the plant eu- 
 phrasy, of the figwort family. 
 
 eyebrow ('brou), n. the hairy arch 
 above the eyes. 
 
 eyelash ('lash), n. the ridge of hair 
 that lines the eyelid. 
 
 eyelet ('let), n. a small hole to re- 
 ceive a lace or cord. 
 
 eyelid ('lid), n. the movable skin 
 which covers over and closes the 
 eye. 
 
 eye-opener (-op'en-er), n. anything 
 that opens the eyes; something in- 
 credible, as news; an early dram 
 of spirits. 
 
 eye-piece ('pes), n. the lens or 
 lenses in an optical instrument 
 through which the image of an ob- 
 ject is magnified and viewed. 
 
 eyesight ('sit), n. the sight of the 
 eye ; range of vision ; view. 
 
 eyesore ('sor), n. anything that of- 
 fends the sight. 
 
 eye-spot ('spot), n. a rudimentary 
 visual organ ; an eye-like marking. 
 
 eye-tooth, ('tooth), n. [pi. eye- 
 teeth ('teth)], one of the upper 
 canine teeth in the human jaw. 
 
 eyot (i'ot), n. a little island in a 
 river or lake. Also ait. 
 
 eyra ('ra), n. the wild cat of Texas. 
 
 eyre (ar), n. a circuit of itinerant 
 judges. 
 
 eyrie (e' or a'ri), n. the nest of a 
 predatory bird. Also eyry. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
fa (fa), n. the fourth note in the sol- 
 fa musical notation = F. 
 
 fable (fa'bl),w. a short fictitious nar- 
 rative intended to convey some 
 moral ; an idle story or falsehood : 
 v.t. to feign ; fabricate : v.i. to speak 
 falsely or untruthfully. 
 
 fabric (fab'rik), n. an edifice or 
 building ; a woven, felted, or knitted 
 material. 
 
 fabricate ('ri-kat), v.t. to con- 
 struct ; form by manufacture or 
 art ; invent falsely. 
 
 fabricator (-ka-ter), n. one who 
 fabricates. 
 
 fabulist ('u-list), n. a writer of fa- 
 bles ; a liar. 
 
 fabnlize ('u-Hz), v.i. to compose, 
 write, or relate fables. 
 
 fabulous ( f u-lus), adj. fictitious; 
 mythical. 
 
 facade (fa-sad'), n. front elevation. 
 
 face (fas), n. the countenance; dial 
 of a clock, &c. ; front ; visage ; sur- 
 face; appearance; outward aspect; 
 confidence ; personal influence ; an 
 expressive grimace ; value, exclud- 
 ing discount or interest : said of a 
 note, &c. (face-value) : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. faced, p.pr. facing], to meet 
 in front; oppose with boldness or 
 confidence ; stand opposite to ; cover 
 with an additional surface : v.i. to 
 turn the face. 
 
 faced (fast), p.adj. having a face; 
 dressed, as stone or tea ; furnished 
 with a covering of harder metal. 
 
 facer (fas'er), n. a blow in the face; 
 a quick retort; an unexpected 
 check. 
 
 facet (fas'et), n. a small surface or 
 
 face; one of the minute planes into 
 which the surface of a diamond is 
 cut : v.t. to cut or work a facet 
 upon. 
 
 facetiae (fa-se'shi-e), n.pl. witty 
 sayings ; books characterized by 
 coarse wit. 
 
 facetious ('shus), adj. humorous; 
 jocular. 
 
 facial ('shal), adj. pertaining to the 
 face. 
 
 facial angle (ang'gl), n. the angle 
 formed by the two lines drawn re- 
 spectively from the nostrils to the 
 ear, and from the nose to the fore- 
 head : used in craniometrical calcu- 
 lations. 
 
 facially (-li), adv. as regards the 
 face. 
 
 facies ('shi-ez), n. the face; the gen- 
 eral resemblance or aspect of any 
 group of organisms or rocks. 
 
 facile (fas'il), adj. yielding; pliant; 
 affable. 
 
 facile princeps (prin'seps), easily 
 first. 
 
 facilitate (fa-sil'i-tat), v.t. to make 
 easy or less difficult ; lessen the 
 labor of. 
 
 facility ('i-ti), n. [pi. facilities 
 (-tiz)], freedom from difficulty; 
 dexterity ; ease ; pliancy ; ready com- 
 pliance : pi. the means by which the 
 performance of any act may ,be 
 more easily accomplished. 
 
 facing (fa'sing), n. a covering in 
 front for ornamental or other pur- 
 poses; a method of coloring tea, 
 &c. : pi. military movements in drill 
 in turning to the right, left, &c. ; 
 the collars, cuffs, &c, of different 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue. hut; think, then. 
 
fac 
 
 fai 
 
 color to the coat on a military uni- 
 form. 
 
 fac-simile (fak-sim'i-le), n. an ex- 
 act reproduction, counterpart, or 
 likeness of an original. 
 
 fact (fakt), n. anything that is done ; 
 reality ; event ; truth. 
 
 faction (fak'shun), n. a party in dis- 
 loyal opposition ; dissension. 
 
 factious ('shus), adj. given to, or 
 characterized by, faction ; turbulent. 
 
 factitious (-tish'us), adj. artificial; 
 sham. 
 
 factitive ('ti-tiv), adj. causative. 
 
 factor ('ter), n. an agent who trans- 
 acts business for another ; one of 
 two or more quantities (multiplier 
 and multiplicand) which, multiplied 
 together, give a product; any cir- 
 cumstance, &c, which produces a 
 result : v.t. to manage or act as a 
 factor for ; resolve into mathemat- 
 ical factors. _ 
 
 factorage (-aj), n. a factor's com- 
 mission. 
 
 factory ('to-ri), n. [pi. factories 
 (-riz)], a manufactory; a trading 
 settlement. 
 
 factotum (-to'tum), n. a man of all 
 work. 
 
 faculse ('u-le), n.pl. luminous spots 
 on the sun's surface. 
 
 facultative ('ul-ta-tiv), adj. ena- 
 bling; permissive. 
 
 faculty ('ul-ti), n. [pi. faculties 
 (-tiz)], any mental or physical 
 power ; mental capacity ; skill ob- 
 tained by practice ; ability ; ease ; 
 readiness ; the members collectively 
 of any one of the learned profes- 
 sions, especially the medical; the 
 masters and professors of a depart- 
 ment in a university. 
 
 fad (fad), n. a crotchet; a pet idea 
 or hobby; a passing fashion. 
 
 faddist ('ist), n. one given to fads. 
 
 faddy ( 'i ) , adj. given to fads. 
 
 fade (fad), v.i. to lose color or dis- 
 tinctness; languish; wither; droop; 
 die away. 
 
 fading ('ing), n. decay; loss of color. 
 
 faecal (fe'kal), adj. pertaining to ex- 
 crement or sediment. 
 
 faeces ('sez), n.pl. excrement; sedi- 
 ment. 
 
 f aecula, same as fecula. 
 
 fag (fag), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. fagged, 
 p.pr. fagging], to work hard; grow 
 weary ; drudge for another : v.t. to 
 tire out or exhaust ; to compel to 
 drudge for another : n. one who 
 drudges for another; a school-boy 
 who performs menial duties for an- 
 other in a higher class ; fatigue or 
 weariness; drudgery. 
 
 fag-end ('end), n. the latter or 
 meaner part of anything ; the frayed 
 end of a piece of cloth, rope, &c. 
 
 fagot ('ot), n. a bundle of sticks 
 bound together ; a bundle of fish laid 
 up for drying; a bundle of scrap- 
 or wrought-iron or steel to be 
 worked over ; a kind of meat-cake of 
 pork : v.t. to form into fagots. 
 
 fagoting (-ing), n. a method of 
 ornamenting textile fabrics. 
 
 Fahrenheit ( f a'ren-hit ) , n. the name 
 of a thermometer-scale, having 32° 
 as its freezing point, and 212° as 
 the boiling point of water. 
 
 faience (fa-yangs'), n. a variety of 
 decorated majolica ware. 
 
 fail (fal), v.i. to fall short; be defi- 
 cient ; waste away ; decline ; turn 
 out badly ; become bankrupt : v.t. to 
 be wanting, or insufficient for ; for- 
 sake : n. failure ; omission. 
 
 failing ('ing), n. a fault; weakness; 
 imperfection; the act of becoming 
 bankrupt. 
 
 faille (fal, or fa'ye), n. a soft un- 
 twilled silk used for dresses or bon- 
 net trimmings, &c. 
 
 failure (fal'ur), n. the act of fail- 
 ing ; omission ; neglect or non-per- 
 formance ; want of success ; lapse ; 
 the act of becoming bankrupt. 
 
 fain (fan), adv. willingly; gladly. 
 
 faint (fant), v.i. to become feeble; 
 lose consciousness ; swoon ; lose 
 courage and hope : adj. feeble ; lan- 
 guid ; depressed ; spiritless ; not 
 bright or vivid in color ; not loud or 
 .clear: n. a sudden loss of conscious- 
 ness : pi. the impure spirit which 
 distils over first and last in making 
 whisky. 
 
 fainting ('ing), n. a sudden and tem- 
 porary loss of consciousness; syn- 
 cope. 
 
 fair (far), adj. beautiful; handsome; 
 pleasing to the eye or mind ; free 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue £ hut ; think, then* 
 
fai 
 
 fal 
 
 from any dark hue; spotless; not 
 cloudy ; fine ; favorable ; prosper- 
 ous ; just ; equitable ; civil ; legible ; 
 above mediocrity ; of good reputa- 
 tion ; reasonable ; passably good ; 
 blowing direct ; the female sex (with 
 the) ; a market held at particular 
 times : adv. distinctly ; openly ; hon- 
 estly ; on good terms ; legibly. 
 
 fairly ('li), adv. honorably; openly. 
 
 fairness ('nes), n. the quality of 
 being fair ; beauty ; equity ; clear- 
 ness ; candor. 
 
 fairy (far'i), n. [pi. fairies (-iz)], 
 an imaginary being of graceful and 
 diminutive human form, supposed 
 to interfere in human affairs for 
 good or evil ; an elf ; fay ; sprite ; 
 brownie : adj. pertaining to, or re- 
 sembling, fairies. 
 
 fairy-land (-land), n. the supposed 
 abode of fairies ; an enchanting and 
 pleasant abode. 
 
 fairy ring (ring), n. a small circle 
 of grass greener than the turf sur- 
 rounding it, caused by an under- 
 ground fungus. 
 
 fait accompli (fat a-kang-ple'), 
 something already done. 
 
 faith (fath), n. belief; trust in the 
 honesty and truth of another ; the 
 assent of the mind to Divine revela- 
 tion ; unshaken adherence ; fidelity ; 
 honesty; a system of doctrines or 
 tenets. 
 
 faithful ('fool), adj. full of faith; 
 trustworthy ; truthful ; honest ; loy- 
 al : n. Christians in full communion 
 (with the). 
 
 faithfully (-li), adv. in a faithful 
 manner. 
 
 fake (fak), v.t. to fold or coil; to 
 cover up imperfections of, or fabri- 
 cate with the view to deception ; 
 steal : n. a coil or turn of a rope ; a 
 cheat or dodge ; canard ; hoax ; a 
 swindler or trickster. 
 
 fakement ('ment), n. fraud; decep- 
 tion. 
 
 faker ('er), n. one who fakes; a 
 swindler ; pickpocket. 
 
 fakir (fa'ker), n. a Mohammedan as- 
 cetic or mendicant priest. 
 
 falcate (fal'kat), adj. sickle-shaped. 
 Also falciform. 
 
 falchion (fawl'shun), n. a short, 
 slightly curved sword, with a broad 
 blade. 
 
 falcon ('kn or faw'kn), n. a preda- 
 tory bird with a hooked beak, 
 trained for hunting. 
 
 falconer (faw'kn-er), n. one who 
 trains or sports with falcons. 
 
 falconry (faw'kn-ri), n. the art of 
 training hawks to pursue other 
 birds. 
 
 faldstool (fawld'st5ol), n. a litany- 
 stool, or -desk ; the bishop's chair 
 near the altar. 
 
 fall (fawl), v.i. [p.t. fell, p.p. fallen, 
 p.pr. falling], to drop from a higher 
 to a lower place ; drop from an erect 
 posture ; descend ; sink ; flow into ; 
 perish ; be degraded or disgraced ; 
 happen ; apostatize or fall into sin ; 
 begin with ardor; become the prop- 
 erty of : adj. pertaining to the au- 
 tumn : n. the act of falling ; distance 
 through which anything falls ; over- 
 throw ; ruin ; death ; cadence ; water- 
 fall ; cataract ; decrease in value ; a 
 veil ; autumn. 
 
 fallacious (fal-la'shus), adj. decep- 
 tive. 
 
 fallacy ('a-si), n. [pi. fallacies 
 (-siz)], a deceptive or false appear- 
 ance ; mistake ; an unsound method 
 of reasoning ; sophism. 
 
 fallen (fawl'n), p.adj. sunk to a low- 
 er state or condition ; degraded ; 
 ruined ; outcast ; overthrown ; dead. 
 
 fallibility (fal-i-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
 of being fallible ; liability to err. 
 
 fallible ('i-bl), adj. liable to be de- 
 ceived, mislead, err, or fail. 
 
 falling (fawl'ing), p.adj. moving or 
 hanging downwards ; sinking ; de- 
 clining ; decreasing in value or quan- 
 tity : n. the act or process of falling ; 
 descent ; downward displacement. 
 
 fallopian (fal-o'pi-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the ducts which convey the 
 ova to the uterus. 
 
 fallow ('6), v.t. to make or keep fal- 
 low : adj. plowed but not sown for 
 the season ; unfilled ; neglected ; of 
 a pale yellow or reddish-yellow col- 
 or : n. land plowed but left un- 
 seeded. 
 
 fallow-deer (-der), w. a species of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fal 
 
 fan 
 
 deer of yellowish-brown color, with 
 branched and recurved horns. 
 
 false (fawls), adj. untrue; dishon- 
 est ; disloyal ; perfidious ; counter- 
 feit ; not well founded ; unreliable ; 
 made for temporary use ; not in har- 
 mony : adv. falsely. 
 
 falsehood ('hood), n. an untruth; 
 lie. 
 
 false-keel (-kel), n. the timber below 
 the main keel. 
 
 falsetto (fawl-set'6), n. an artificial 
 tone higher in key than the natural 
 compass of the voice. 
 
 falsify ('si-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. falsi- 
 fied, p.pr. falsifying], to make, or 
 prove to be, false ; counterfeit ; 
 forge : v.i. to lie. 
 
 falsity ('si-ti), n. [pi. falsities 
 (-tiz)], the quality of being false; 
 an untruth ; false statement. 
 
 Falstaffian (fawl'staf-i-an), adj. re- 
 sembling Falstaff : hence boasting ; 
 coarsely jovial, etc. 
 
 falter ('ter), v.t. to utter in a weak 
 trembling manner (with out) : v.i. 
 to exhibit moral or physical hesi- 
 tancy ; waver ; tremble ; fail in ut- 
 terance. 
 
 fame (fam), n. public report ; rumor ; 
 celebrity ; renown. 
 
 famed ('d), adj. renowned; cele- 
 brated. 
 
 familiar (fa-nriTyer), adj. well ac- 
 quainted, or intimate, with ; domes- 
 tic ; affable ; easy ; unconstrained ; 
 unceremonious ; habituated by cus- 
 tom : n. a spirit or demon supposed 
 to attend at the call of a necroman- 
 cer ; a domestic of the papal house- 
 hold. 
 
 familiarity (-i-ar'i-ti), n. [pi. famil- 
 iarities (-tiz)], intimacy; ease of 
 conversation ; freedom from cere- 
 mony or conventionality ; a liberty 
 or freedom. 
 
 familiarize ('yer-iz), v.t. to make 
 familiar ; habituate. 
 
 family (fam'i-li), n. [pi. families 
 (-liz) ], a household ; children as dis- 
 tinguished from the parent ; a body 
 of persons descended from a common 
 ancestor ; tribe ; race ; genealogy ; 
 noble lineage ; class ; a group of ani- 
 mals larger than a genus, but less 
 than an order; an order [Bot.]. 
 
 famine (fam'in), n. extreme dearth; 
 great scarcity. 
 
 famish ('ish), v.t. & v.i. to starve. 
 
 famous (fa'mus), adj. renowned; 
 conspicuous ; noted. 
 
 famously (-li), adv. in a famous 
 manner ; admirably. 
 
 famulus ('u-lus), n. the familiar 
 spirit of a magician ; an assistant. 
 
 fan (fan), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fanned, 
 p.pr. fanning], to cool with a fan; 
 agitate the air, as with a fan ; ven- 
 tilate ; winnow : n. a flat implement 
 used to cool the face by agitating the 
 air ; an instrument for exciting a 
 current of air; anything resembling 
 a fan in shape ; a winnowing imple- 
 ment. 
 
 fanatic ( f a-nat'ik ) , n. one who is in- 
 temperately zealous, or wildly ex- 
 travagant, especially on religious 
 subjects : adj. characterized by fa- 
 naticism ; visionary. Also fanatical. 
 
 fanatically (-al-li), adv. in a fanatic 
 manner. 
 
 fanaticism ('i-sizm), n. extravagant 
 or frenzied zeal ; wild enthusiasm. 
 
 fancied (fan'sid), adj. imaginary. 
 
 fancier ('si-er), n. one who breeds or 
 sells animals and birds ; an amateur. 
 
 fanciful ('si-fool), adj. influenced by 
 the fancy ; unreal ; whimsical ; wild. 
 
 fancifully (-li), adv. in a fanciful 
 manner. 
 
 fancy ('si), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fancied, 
 p.pr. fancying], to imagine; take a 
 liking to ; be pleased with : v.i. to 
 imagine ; suppose : adj. ornamental ; 
 elegant ; imaginary ; characterized by 
 variety : n. creative imagination ; 
 idea ; notion ; liking ; caprice ; pet 
 pursuit ; sporting characters, as 
 pugilists, &c. (with the). 
 
 fandango (-dang'go), n. a lively 
 Spanish dance ; a lively ball. 
 
 fane (fan), n. a temple; church. 
 
 fanfare (fan'far), n. a flourish of 
 trumpets ; noisy ostentatious parade. 
 
 fanfaronade (-o-nad'), n. blustering 
 talk or swagger : v.i. to make a noisy 
 parade. 
 
 fang (fang), n. the lower part of a 
 tooth set in the socket ; the poison- 
 tooth of a serpent; a tusk, claw, 
 talon, or pointed tooth. 
 
 f anion (fan'yun), n. a small banner. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fan 
 
 fas 
 
 f antail ( 'tal ) , n. a variety of pigeon. 
 
 fantan ('tan), n. a Chinese gambling 
 game. 
 
 fantasia (-ta' or tii'zhi-a), n. a mu- 
 sical composition not restricted by 
 the usual laws of form or time. 
 
 fantastic (-tas'tik), adj. odd; whim- 
 sical ; grotesque ; unreal ; imaginary. 
 Also fantastical. 
 
 fantastically (-al-li), adv. in a fan- 
 tastic manner. 
 
 fantasy, see phantasy. 
 
 far (far), adj. [comp. farther, fur- 
 ther, superl. farthest, furthest], re- 
 mote ; distant ; extending widely or 
 at length ; contrary to design or pur- 
 pose ; alienated : adv. remotely ; very 
 much ; to a certain point or degree ; 
 to a great distance ; widely. 
 
 farad (far'ad), n. a unit of electric 
 capacity. 
 
 farce (fars), n. a short comedy in 
 which qualities and actions are much 
 exaggerated ; ridiculous or empty 
 parade. 
 
 farcical (far'si-kal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or of the nature of, a farce ; 
 ludicrous. 
 
 farcically (-li), adv. in a farcical 
 manner. 
 
 farcy ('si), n. a disease of horses, 
 closely allied to glanders. 
 
 fardage ('daj), n. loose wood, &c, 
 stowed among the cargo to prevent 
 it from moving, or to protect it from 
 bilge water. 
 
 fare (far), v.i. to be in any state, 
 either good or ill ; be entertained 
 with food ; live ; succeed ; result : n. 
 the sum paid for a journey by rail, 
 &c. ; a person conveyed for hire in a 
 vehicle ; provisions of a table ; enter- 
 tainment ; the quantity of fish taken 
 by a smack. 
 
 f are well ( 'wel ) , inter j. may you fare 
 well or prosper ; good-bye : adj. not- 
 ing, or accompanying, a parting : n. 
 an adieu. 
 
 far-fetched ('fecht), adj. unnatu- 
 ral ; forced. 
 
 farina (fa-re' or fa-ri'na), n. starch; 
 flour or meal obtained by grinding 
 the seeds of cereals and leguminous 
 plants. 
 
 farinaceous (na'shus), adj. consist- 
 
 ing of, or made from, farina; like 
 meal. 
 
 farinose (far'i-nos), adj. producing, 
 or covered with, farina; mealy. 
 
 farm (farm), n. a portion of land, 
 cultivated by one person, with the 
 buildings, &c, appurtenant to it:v.t. 
 to cultivate (land) at a fixed rental ; 
 lease or let : v.i. to cary on the op- 
 eration of farming. 
 
 farmer ('er), n. one who cultivates a 
 farm ; an agriculturist ; one who col- 
 lects revenues, taxes, &c, for a cer- 
 tain commission or rate. 
 
 farming ('ing), adj. pertaining to, or 
 engaged in, agriculture : n. the leas- 
 ing out, or collection of taxes, rev- 
 enues, &c, for a certain commission 
 or rate per cent. 
 
 faro (fa' or fa'ro), n. a game of 
 chance, played with cards : so called 
 from the picture of Pharaoh, which 
 formerly was printed on one of the 
 cards. 
 
 farness (far'nes), n. distance; re- 
 moteness. 
 
 farrago (far-ra'go), n. a medley; 
 hotch-potch. 
 
 farrier ('i-er), n. one who shoes 
 horses ; a veterinary surgeon. 
 
 farriery (-i), n. the occupation of 
 shoeing horses ; veterinary surgery. 
 
 farrow Co), v.t. to give birth to: 
 said of pigs : n. a litter of pigs : adj. 
 noting a cow not calving in a given 
 season. 
 
 farther (farmer), adj., comp. of 
 far; more distant or remote; addi- 
 tional : adv. more remotely : conj. 
 moreover. 
 
 farthing ('thing), n. l-4th of an 
 English penny. 
 
 farthingale (-gal), n. a kind of 
 hoop-skirt formed of circles of whale- 
 bone, worn by women of the 16th 
 and 17th centuries. Also farthing- 
 dale. 
 
 fasces (fas'ez), n.pl. a bundle of rods 
 containing an axe, carried by the 
 lictors before the magistrates of an- 
 cient Rome as a symbol of authority. 
 
 fascia (fash'i-a), n. [pi. fasciae (-§)]", 
 a filet or belt; a broad volute; a 
 jutting brick course beyond the win- 
 dows ; a ligature ; the board over the 
 top of the window of a shop, on 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 D # 22. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fas 
 
 fat 
 
 which the owner's name, &c, are in- 
 scribed. 
 
 fasciculate (fas-ik'u-lat), adj. formed 
 of, or growing in, bundles. Also fas- 
 ciculated. 
 
 fascicle ('i-kl), n. a small collection, 
 group, or bundle; a serial division 
 of a book. 
 
 fascinate ('i-nat), v.t. to influence 
 the mind or will of as if by enchant- 
 ment ; bewitch ; captivate : v.i. to 
 exercise a bewitching or captivating 
 power. 
 
 fascination (-na'shun), n. the act of 
 fascinating ; the state of being fas- 
 cinated ; any invisible influence that 
 overpowers the mind or will ; be- 
 witchment ; charm. 
 
 fascine ( -en' ) , n. a cylindrical bundle 
 of sticks or fagots bound together, 
 used for fortifying ditches, building 
 earthworks, &c. 
 
 fashion ('un), n. the shape or form 
 of anything ; conventional custom or 
 usage, especially in dress ; compli- 
 ance with the rules of good society ; 
 method ; general practice : v.t. to 
 mold, shape, or form ; accommodate. 
 
 fashionable (-a-bl), adj. according 
 to the prevailing mode ; made in ac- 
 cordance with the fashion of the 
 day ; observant of the rules of polite 
 society and its usages ; well-bred. 
 
 fast (fast), v.i. to abstain from food, 
 either from necessity, or as a reli- 
 gious obligation : n. abstinence from 
 food; religious mortification by ab- 
 stinence. 
 
 fast (fast), adj. quick; speedy in mo- 
 tion ; expeditious ; in advance of the 
 standard : said of a timepiece ; firm ; 
 immovable ; close ; faithful ; dissi- 
 pated ; gay : adv. rapidly ; firmly. 
 
 fast-day (-da), n. a day set apart by 
 civil or ecclesiastical authority for 
 religious fasting. 
 
 fasten (fas'n), v.t. to fix securely; 
 make fast ; bolt or bar : v.i. to seize 
 or take hold : generally with on. 
 
 fastening (-ing), n. the act of mak- 
 ing fast ; a bolt or clasp. 
 
 fastidious (-tid'i-us), adj. squeam- 
 ish ; overnice. 
 
 fasting (fast'ing), n. abstinence from 
 food, especially as a religious ob- 
 servance. 
 
 fastland ('land), n. upland. 
 
 fastness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being fast ; a fortress or nat- 
 ural stronghold. 
 
 fat (fat), adj. [comp. fatter, superl. 
 fattest], corpulent; fleshy; adipose; 
 greasy ; unsually extended : said of 
 type ; broad ; sluggish ; stupid ; dull ; 
 lucrative ; fertile ; affluent : n. a 
 solid, oily, yellow or white substance 
 forming part of the tissue of ani- 
 mals ; the best or richest of any- 
 thing: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fatted, p.pr. 
 fatting], to fatten; cause to gain 
 flesh : v.i. to become fat. 
 
 fatal (fa'tal), adj. causing death or 
 destruction ; mortal ; fateful. 
 
 fatalism (-izm), n. the doctrine that 
 all things happen by irresistible ne- 
 cessity overruling all things. 
 
 fatalist (-ist), n. a believer in the 
 doctrine of fatalism. 
 
 fatalistic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining 
 to fatalism. 
 
 fatality ('i-ti), n. [pi. fatalities 
 ( -tiz ) ] , predetermined order or series 
 of events; destiny; a calamity; fa- 
 tal occurrence. 
 
 fatally ('tal-i), adv. in a fatal man- 
 ner. 
 
 fata morgana (fa'ta mor-ga'na), n. 
 a name for the mirage sometimes 
 seen near the straits of Messina. 
 
 fate (fat), n. destiny; inevitable ne- 
 nessity ; death or destruction ; pre- 
 destined lot : pi. the three classic 
 goddesses, Clotho, Lachesis, and 
 Atropos, who presided over the des- 
 tinies of mankind. 
 
 fated (fa'ted), p. adj. decreed by fate; 
 destined. 
 
 fateful (fat'fool), adj. possessing 
 fatal power ; determining destiny ; 
 fatal. 
 
 father (fa'^er), n. a male parent or 
 ancestor ; one who stands in the re- 
 lation of a father ; an originator or 
 founder ; the official title of a con- 
 fessor of the Roman Catholic Church, 
 the superior of a convent, and of an 
 ancient Roman senator ; the senior 
 member of any class, profession, or 
 body ; an ecclesiastical writer of the 
 Early Christian Church : v.t. to 
 adopt as a son or daughter ; to 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fat 
 
 fea 
 
 ascribe to anyone as his offspring or 
 production : with on. 
 
 Father, n. the Creator, God. 
 
 fatherhood (-hood), n. paternity. 
 
 fatherland (-land), n. one's native 
 country. 
 
 fatherly (-H), adj. pertaining to a 
 father ; kind, affectionate, as a fa- 
 ther : adv. like a father. 
 
 fathom (fatf/i/um), n. a measure of 
 length = 6 ft. : v.t. to reach ; ascer- 
 tain the depth of. 
 
 fatigue ( fa-teg' ) , n. weariness ; toil ; 
 bodily or mental exhaustion : v.t. to 
 weary with bodily or mental exer- 
 tion ; tire ; harass. 
 
 fatigue-duty (du'ti), n. labor a sol- 
 dier is employed in distinct from the 
 practice of arms. 
 
 fatling ('ling), n. a young animal 
 fattened for slaughter. 
 
 fatness ('nes), n. the quality or state 
 of being fat ; corpulency ; fertility. 
 
 fatten ('n), v.t. to make fat, plump, 
 or stout ; feed for the table ; make 
 fertile or abundant. 
 
 fatty ('0, adj. consisting, or having 
 the qualities of, fat ; greasy ; oily. 
 
 fatuity (fa-tu'i-ti), n. weakness of 
 intellect ; obstinate folly. 
 
 fatuous ('u-us), adj. weak in intel- 
 lect ; silly ; obstinately foolish ; illu- 
 sory. 
 
 faubourg (fo'boorg), n. a suburb. 
 
 fauces (faw'sez), n.pl. the upper part 
 of the throat and entrance to the 
 gullet. 
 
 faucet ('set), n. a short pipe with a 
 valve, used for drawing out liquor. 
 
 faugh (faw,) inter j. an exclamation 
 expressive of disgust or abhorrence. 
 
 fault (fawlt), n. a slight crime or 
 offense ; blemish ; defect ; omission ; 
 the loss of scent in hunting : said of 
 a hound ; fracture of strata ; an ac- 
 cidental leak in an electric circuit ; 
 an improper service in lawn-tennis. 
 
 faultfinder ('find-er), n. one given 
 to finding fault ; a mechanical de- 
 vice for discovering faults in an 
 electric circuit. 
 
 faulty ('i), adj. imperfect ; erroneous. 
 
 faun (fawn), n. a classic woodland 
 deity, resembling the satyrs in ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 fauna (faw'na), n. [pi. fauna? ('ne), 
 
 faunas ('naz)], the animals charac- 
 teristic of any particular region, or 
 geological period. 
 
 fauteuil (fo-tal' or -tuT), n. an up- 
 holstered arm chair ; membership in 
 the French Academy ; the seat of a 
 president, &c. 
 
 faux pas (fo pa'), n. an error or slip, 
 especially in respect of good man- 
 ners or morality. 
 
 Favonian (fa-vo'ni-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Favonius, the west wind : 
 hence auspicious. 
 
 favor (fa'ver), n. kindness; support; 
 patronage ; good will ; facility ; par- 
 tiality ; bias ; a love token ; a bunch 
 of ribbons worn on some special oc- 
 casion ; a letter : v.t. to regard with 
 favor ; befriend ; facilitate ; resemble 
 in features ; spare. 
 
 favorable (-a-bl), adj. propitious; 
 advantageous ; friendly ; partial. 
 
 favored ('verd), adj. featured. 
 
 favorite (-it), n. one who, or that 
 which, is particularly esteemed ; one 
 regarded with undue preference ; a 
 person or animal considered to have 
 the best chance of winning in a con- 
 test : adj. preferred ; esteemed. 
 
 favoritism (-izm), n. the disposition 
 or tendency to favor one person or 
 class in preference to others possess- 
 ing equal claims ; partiality. 
 
 fawn (fawn), n. a young deer : v.t. & 
 v.t. to court servilely (with on or 
 upon) ; to exhibit affection by leap- 
 ing upon, cringing, or licking the 
 hand of a person : said of a dog. 
 
 fawning ('ing), n. gross, or servile, 
 flattery. 
 
 fay (fa), n. an elf; fairy: v.t. to fit 
 (two pieces of wood) flush together : 
 v.i. to fit closely : adj. fated ; dead 
 [Scotch]. 
 
 faze (faz), v.t. to worry; annoy; 
 frighten ; disturb ; produce an effect 
 on. 
 
 fealty (fe'al-ti), n. the duty of a 
 vassal or tenant to his feudal su- 
 perior; loyalty. 
 
 fear (fer), n. apprehension of evil or 
 danger ; dread ; anxiety ; solicitude ; 
 reverence : v.t. to regard with appre- 
 hension ; dread : v.i. to be in fear ; 
 feel anxiety. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. ' 
 
fea 
 
 fee 
 
 fearful ('fool), adj. affected with 
 fear ; timorous ; apprehensive ; in- 
 spiring fear. 
 
 fearfully (-li), adv. in fear; so as 
 to cause fear. 
 
 fearless ('les), adj. intrepid. 
 
 fearlessness (-nes), n. intrepidity. 
 
 fearsome (fer'sum), adj. fearful; 
 terrible. 
 
 feasibility (-bil'i-ti), n. practicabil- 
 ity. 
 
 feasible (fe'zi-bl), adj. practicable. 
 
 feasibly ('zi-bli), adv. practicably. 
 
 feast (fest), n. a sumptuous repast, 
 especially in commemoration of some 
 event, &c. ; a festival, especially of 
 the Church ; anything affording 
 pleasure to the palate or mind : v.t. 
 to entertain sumptuously ; delight : 
 v.i. to feed sumptuously ; enjoy one's 
 self. 
 
 feat (fet), n. a notable achievement, 
 deed, or performance. 
 
 feather (fe£7i'er), n. part of the ex- 
 terior covering of a bird ; a plume ; 
 something resembling a feather ; the 
 water thrown up by the turn of the 
 blade of an oar ; kind or class :■ v.t. 
 to ornament with feathers ; cover 
 with, or as with, feathers ; turn the 
 blade of (an oar) horizontally when 
 leaving the water : v.i. to become 
 covered with, or something resem- 
 bling, feathers. 
 
 feather-brained (-brand), adj. 
 giddy. 
 
 feather-edged (-ejd), adj. thin at 
 the edges. 
 
 feather-weight (-wat), n. in a 
 handicap, the least weight than can 
 be put on a racehorse. 
 
 feathery (-i), adj. covered with, or 
 resembling, feathers; very light. 
 
 feature (fe'tur), n. the cast of the 
 face ; lineament ; principal part ; 
 outline ; characteristic ; appearance. 
 
 featured ('turd), adj. having a par- 
 ticular cast of face. 
 
 feaze (fez), v.t. to disturb; discon- 
 cert; frighten. 
 
 febrifuge (feb'ri-fiij), n. a medicine 
 that lessens or dispels fever. 
 
 febrile (feb' or fe'bril), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, accompanied by, or indicat- 
 ing fever. 
 
 fecal, same as faecal. 
 
 feces, same as faeces. 
 
 fecula (fek'u-la), n. farina; starch, 
 chlorophyll. 
 
 feculence ('lens), n. the quality of 
 being feculent; dregs. Also fecu- 
 lency. 
 
 feculent ('lent), adj. containing, or 
 full of, dregs or sediment ; turbid 
 muddy. 
 
 fecund (fek' or fe-kund'), adj. fruit- 
 ful ; prolific. 
 
 fecundate (fek'un-dat), v.t. to make 
 fruitful or prolific; fertilize; im- 
 pregnate. 
 
 fecundity ('di-ti), n. fruitfulness ; 
 prolificness; fertility of invention; 
 germination. 
 
 fed, p.t. & p.p. of feed. 
 
 federal (fed'er-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, constituting, or founded upon, a 
 league or treaty; consisting in a 
 union or compact between the states, 
 especially of the United States or 
 Switzerland ; confederated : n. a sup- 
 porter of federalism. 
 
 Federal, adj. supporting the cause of 
 the Union in the American civil war 
 1861-'65) \ n. one who favored the 
 Union cause in that war. 
 
 federalism ( -izm ) , n. the doctrine of 
 federal union, and the support of 
 the central government of the Uni- 
 ted States. 
 
 federalize (-Iz), v.t. to bring togeth- 
 er in a political federacy : v.i. to 
 unite under a federal form of gov- 
 ernment. Also federate. 
 
 federate (-at), adj. united by com- 
 pact. 
 
 federation (-a'shun), n. a league; 
 federal government. 
 
 federative (-tiv), adj. forming a 
 league or confederacy ; federal. 
 
 fee (fe), n. a compensation or pay- 
 ment for service rendered, especially 
 professional service ; a gratuity ; an 
 heritable or inherited estate; land 
 held from a superior ; feud : v.t. to 
 pay or give a fee to. 
 
 feeble (fe'bl), adj. weak; wanting in 
 physical strength or mental vigor; 
 infirm : v.t. to weaken. 
 
 feed (fed), v.t. to give food to; nour- 
 ish ; graze or pasture ; supply with 
 necessaries; furnish with materials, 
 as a machine: v.i. to eat; subsist 
 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, them. 
 
fee 
 
 fel 
 
 (with on or upon) : n. a certain 
 quantity of food given to animals at 
 one time; fodder; pasture; a ban- 
 quet. 
 
 feeder ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, feeds ; one who fattens cat- 
 tle ; that which nourishes or supplies 
 the needs of, or increases the im- 
 portance or value of ; a branch canal 
 or railway ; an electric wire supply- 
 ing a current to a main conductor. 
 
 feeding ('ing), the act of eating; 
 pasture. 
 
 feed-pipe (-pip), n. a pipe which 
 supplies water to the boiler of a 
 steam-engine. 
 
 feed-pump (-pump), n. a force-pump 
 which supplies water to the boiler of 
 a steam-engine. 
 
 feel (fel), v.t. to perceive by the 
 touch ; be conscious of ; understand ; 
 test ; be influenced or moved by ; ex- 
 perience, as pleasure or pain ; exam- 
 ine by touching or handling : v.i. 
 seem to the touch ; have the passions 
 moved : n. the sense of feeling ; 
 touch ; sensation. 
 
 feeler ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, feels ; that part of an inverte- 
 brate animal which serves as an or- 
 gan of touch, as the antennae of in- 
 sects, &c. ; something put forth as a 
 means of gaining information not 
 directly obtainable. 
 
 feeling ('ing), p.adj. easily affected; 
 sympathetic ; of great sensibility ; 
 perceptible by touch : n. sense of 
 touch ; physical or mental sensation ; 
 perception ; tenderness. 
 
 fee-simple (-sim'pl), n. an estate in 
 land or tenements held by a person 
 in his own right, without restrictions. 
 
 feet, pi. of foot. 
 
 fee-tail (fe'tal), n. an estate en- 
 tailed to a person and his heirs. 
 
 feign (fan), v.t. to pretend; invent. 
 
 feigned (fand), adj. pretended; coun- 
 terfeited. 
 
 feint (fant), n. a pretense; mock at- 
 tack. 
 
 feldspar (feld'spar), n. a name for 
 various crystalline minerals occur- 
 ring in igneous rocks, composed 
 principally of silicate of aluminia. 
 Also felspar. 
 
 felicitate (fe-lis'i-tat), v.t. to con- 
 gratulate. 
 
 felicitous ('i-tus), adj. characterized 
 by, or causing, happiness ; appropri- 
 ate. 
 
 felicitously (-li), adv. happily; suit- 
 ably. 
 
 felicity ('i-ti), n. [pi. felicities 
 (-tiz)], a condition of supreme hap- 
 piness ; blissf ulness ; prosperity ; ap- 
 propriateness ; a neat or well-chosen 
 expression. 
 
 feline ('lin), adj. pertaining to, or 
 resembling, a cat ; stealthy ; treach- 
 erous. 
 
 fell (fel), v.t. to hew, cut, or knock, 
 down ; cause to fall ; turn down ( a 
 seam) : adj. cruel; savage; barbar- 
 ous ; hideous ; powerful : n. the skin 
 of an animal ; a hem laid level with 
 the material ; a rocky or barren hill ; 
 small pieces of ore. 
 
 fellah ('a), n. [pi. fellahs ('az), fel- 
 laheen (-hen')], in Egypt and Syria, 
 a peasant or laboring man. 
 
 felloe, same as felly. 
 
 fellow ('o), n. a companion or asso- 
 ciate ; one of the same kind ; com- 
 peer ; one of a pair ; an individual ; 
 one held in slight esteem ; a member 
 of an incorporated society ; a gradu- 
 ate member of a college who holds a 
 fellowship ; the trustee of a college : 
 adj. associated or joined with (used 
 in composition). 
 
 fellowship (-ship), n. association; 
 communion ; intimacy ; society ; joint 
 interest or feeling ; a college endow- 
 ment for the support of a fellow; 
 one of the rules of arithmetic. 
 
 felly ('i), n. [pi. fellies ('iz)], one of 
 the curved pieces of wood which 
 form the rim of a wheel ; the rim. 
 Also felloe. 
 
 felo-de-se (fe'lo-de-se), n. a suicide. 
 
 felon (fel'un), n. one guilty of fel- 
 ony ; a whitlow : adj. malignant ; 
 traitorous. 
 
 felonious (fe-16'ni-us), adj. done 
 with the intention of committing 
 crime ; malignant. 
 
 felony (fel'o-ni), n. [pi. felonies 
 (-niz)], a crime punishable by 
 death or imprisonment in a state 
 prison. 
 
 felsite (sit),n. a variety of feldspar. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fel 
 
 fer 
 
 felspar ('spar), n. same as feldspar. 
 
 felt, p.t. of feel. 
 
 felt (felt), n. an unwoven fabric 
 composed of wool or wool and hair, 
 compacted together by pressure or 
 heat. 
 
 felting ('ing), n. the material of 
 which felt is made, or the process 
 of manufacturing it. 
 
 felucca (fe-luk'a), n. a small sailing- 
 vessel propelled by lateen sails and 
 oars, used in the Mediterranean. 
 
 female (fe'mal), n. one of that sex 
 which conceives and produces 
 young; the plant or flower which 
 bears the pistil and receives the 
 pollen of the male flower : adj. per- 
 taining to that sex which produces 
 young ; feminine ; womanly ; having 
 pistils but destitute of stamens ; 
 noting, in mechanics, something, as 
 a hollow, into which another part 
 fits. 
 
 feme cover te (fern or fam kuv'ert) , 
 n. a married woman. Also femme 
 coverte. 
 
 feme sole (sol), n. an unmarried 
 woman. Also femme sole. 
 
 feminine (fem'i-nin), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of, women ; deli- 
 cate ; tender ; sensitive ; wanting in 
 manly characteristics ; effeminate : 
 n. a woman. 
 
 femininity (-i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being feminine; woman- 
 kind. 
 
 femme de chambre (fam' de shang'- 
 br), n. a lady's-maid; chambermaid. 
 
 femoral (fem'o-ral), adj. pertaining 
 to the thigh. 
 
 femur (fe'mer), n. the thigh-bone. 
 
 fen (fen), n. low, flat, marsh land, 
 covered with sedges, &c. ; a kind of 
 mold or moss causing disease in 
 hops. 
 
 fence (fens), v.i. to practice fencing; 
 deposit stolen property with a con- 
 federate : v.t. guard or protect ; de- 
 fend ; to inclose or surround with a 
 fence ; fortify : n. the art of fencing ; 
 defense ; guard ; a boundary con- 
 sisting of posts, wire, &c. ; inclos- 
 ure; skill in debate; a receiver of 
 stolen goods. 
 
 fencible (fen'si-bl), adj. capable of 
 
 defense, or being defended : n. a sol- 
 dier enlisted for home service. 
 
 fencing ('ing), n. the art of skil- 
 fully using a foil or sword for at- 
 tack or defense ; materials used for 
 constructing a fence ; a collection of 
 fences ; guard ; skilful debate. 
 
 fend (fend), v.t. to ward off; protect 
 with a fender. 
 
 fender ('er), n. a cushion of rope, or 
 piece of wood hung over the side of 
 a vessel to prevent injury by con- 
 tact with a landing-stage, &c. ; a 
 metal guard in front of a fireplace 
 to prevent the hot coal falling upon 
 the floor; a device affixed to the 
 front of a street car to prevent in- 
 jury to pedestrians. 
 
 fenks (fenks), n. whale-blubber ref- 
 use : used as a manure. 
 
 fennec ('ek), n. small African fox. 
 
 fennel (fen'el), n. an aromatic bien- 
 nial herb of the parsley family, with 
 yellow flowers. 
 
 fenny ('i), adj. full of fens; marshy. 
 
 fent (fent), n. a slit in a garment 
 for convenience in putting it on; 
 placket; remnant. 
 
 ferae naturae (-na-tti're), in law, 
 wild animals as distinguished from 
 those domesticated. 
 
 feral (fe'ral), adj. wild; undomesti- 
 cated. 
 
 ferial ('ri-al), adj. pertaining to 
 week days, especially those which are 
 not festivals or fasts; pertaining to 
 holidays. 
 
 ferment (fer'ment), n. a microscopic 
 fungus which produces fermenta- 
 tion ; internal commotion ; tumult : 
 v.t. (fer-ment'), to produce fermen- 
 tation in ; excite : v.i. to be in a 
 state of fermentation ; effervesce ; be 
 excited. 
 
 fermentation (-men-ta'shun), n. the 
 chemical decomposition which takes 
 place in an organic substance ex- 
 posed to the air, due to the action 
 of microscopic organisms, or to un- 
 organized ferments ; excitement. 
 
 fermentative (-men'ta-tiv), adj. 
 causing, or characteristic of, fermen- 
 tation. 
 
 fern (fern), n. a cryptogamous or 
 flowerless plant with broad and 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fer 
 
 fe* 
 
 feathery fronds or leaves, on the 
 under surface of which the repro- 
 ductive seeds are situated. 
 
 fernery ('er-i), n. pi. ferneries 
 (-iz)], a place where ferns are cul- 
 tivated. 
 
 ferny ('i), adj. fern-like, or abound- 
 ing in ferns. 
 
 ferocious (fe-ro'shus), adj. savage; 
 fierce ; rapacious ; of cruel nature. 
 
 ferocity (-ros'i-ti), n. [pi. ferocities 
 (-tiz)], savageness or cruelty of 
 disposition; inhuman cruelty. 
 
 ferrate (fer'at), n. a salt of ferric 
 acid. 
 
 ferret (fer'et), n. a domesticated va- 
 riety of polecat, employed to hunt 
 rats and rabbits from their holes ; 
 a kind of binding ; an iron rod used 
 for making the rings at the mouths 
 of bottles, or trying melted glass : 
 v.t. to search minutely or discover 
 by cunning methods (with out). 
 
 ferreter ('er), n. one who ferrets. 
 
 ferretto (-ret'to), n. a preparation 
 of copper with sulphuric acid : used 
 in coloring glass. 
 
 ferriage ('i-aj), n. money paid for 
 conveyance by ferry. 
 
 ferric ('ik), adj. pertaining to, con- 
 taining, or extracted from, iron. 
 
 ferric acid (as'id), n. an acid com- 
 posed of 3 atoms of oxygen and 1 
 of iron. 
 
 ferric oxide (oks'Id), n. red oxide of 
 iron ; haematite. 
 
 ferro (fer'ro), a prefix, denoting the 
 presence of iron in a substance. 
 
 ferro-cyanic (-sl-an'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to an acid formed by the 
 union of iron and cyanogen. 
 
 f err o -manganese ( -mang'ga-nez ) , 
 n. an alloy of iron and manganese, 
 used in the Bessemer process of 
 manufacturing steel. 
 
 ferrotype (-tip), n. a photograph 
 taken upon a sensitized iron plate. 
 
 ferrous (fer'us), adj. pertaining to, 
 or obtained from, iron. 
 
 ferrous oxide (oks'Id), n. monoxide 
 of iron. 
 
 ferruginous (-ru'ji-nus), adj. con- 
 taining, or impregnated with, iron ; 
 rust-colored. 
 
 ferrule ( 'ril ) , n. a metal ring placed 
 
 at the end of a stick, &c, to 
 strengthen it. 
 
 ferry ('i), n. [pi. ferries ('iz)], a 
 passage across a river, &c. ; a ferry- 
 boat ; the place where a ferry-boat 
 lands its passengers : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. ferried, p.pr. ferrying], to con- 
 vey across a river, &c, in a boat : 
 v.i. go across water in a boat. 
 
 fertile ( f er'til ) , adj. producing abun- 
 dantly ; fruitful ; reproductive ; rich 
 in resources or invention. 
 
 fertilization (-i-za'shun), n. the act 
 or process of making fertile; im- 
 pregnation. 
 
 fertilize ('til-iz), v.t. to make fer- 
 tile ;^ render fruitful ; impregnate. 
 
 fertilizer (-er), n. any material used 
 as a manure for the land. 
 
 fertility ('i-ti), n. the state or quali- 
 ty of being fertile; abundance; fe- 
 cundity ; richness of resources or in- 
 vention. 
 
 ferule ('ul), n. a rod or flat stick 
 used for chastisement : v.t. to chas- 
 tise with a ferule. 
 
 fervency ( f er'ven-si ) , n. earnestness ; 
 ardor. 
 
 fervent ('vent), adj. zealous; ear- 
 nest ; vehement ; very hot. 
 
 fervently ('li), adv. with fervor. 
 
 fervid ('vid), adj. burning; ardent; 
 fiery ; intense ; eager ; vehement. 
 
 fervor ('ver), n. intensity of feeling; 
 zeal ; warmth. 
 
 festal ('tal), adj. pertaining to a 
 feast ; joyous ; festive ; hilarious. 
 
 festally (-li), adv. festively. 
 
 fester ('ter), v.t. to cause to fester 
 or rankle : v.i. to become ulcerated ; 
 suppurate ; rankle ; become putrid ; 
 rot : n. an ulcerous or purulent sore ; 
 act of festering or rankling. 
 
 festival ('ti-val), n. a joyful cele- 
 bration in commemoration of some 
 event, religious or civil ; an enter- 
 tainment on behalf of some charity 
 at which fruit, &c, is sold. 
 
 festive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to a 
 feast ; gay ; joyous ; merry. 
 
 festively (-li), adv. in a festive man- 
 ner. 
 
 festivity (-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. festivi- 
 ties (-tiz)], social gaiety at an en- 
 tertainment or feast ; merrymaking ; 
 joyfulness; a festival. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fes 
 
 few 
 
 festoon (-toon'), n. a wreath or gar- 
 land suspended at the extremities 
 and hanging in a curve; an archi- 
 tectural ornament of such form : v.t. 
 to decorate with, or form into, fes- 
 toons. 
 
 fetal, same as foetal. 
 
 fetch (fech), v.t. to go after and 
 bring ; obtain as its price ; call for 
 and accompany ; heave, as a sigh ; 
 fascinate : v.i. to move and turn ; 
 reach or get : n. an artifice or trick ; 
 the deep long breath, as of a person 
 dying ; a wraith ; the appearance at 
 night of a light resembling a candle, 
 supposed to portend death (fetch- 
 light). 
 
 fete (fat), n. a festival or holiday: 
 v.t. to entertain, or honor, with fes- 
 tivities. 
 
 fete champetre (shang-pa'tr), n. a 
 rural or open-air festival. 
 
 fete day (da), n. a birthday celebra- 
 tion, especially the day of the saint 
 whose name one bears [French], 
 
 feticide, same as foeticide. 
 
 fetid (fe'tid, or fet'id), adj. giving 
 forth an offensive smell ; stinking. 
 
 fetish, (fe'tish, or fet'ish), n. any 
 material object, as a stone, weapon, 
 feather, &c, supposed by the ne- 
 groes of Western Africa to be the 
 abode of a spirit, and to give to its 
 possessor power over such a deity : 
 hence any object of unreasoning de- 
 votion ; image or idol. Also fetich. 
 
 fetishism (-izm), n. the worship of, 
 or belief in, fetishes ; unreasoning 
 or superstitious devotion. Also fet- 
 ichism. 
 
 fetish-man. (-man), n. a medicine- 
 man. 
 
 fetlock ('lok), n. a tuft of hair be- 
 hind a horse's pastern joint; the 
 pastern joint. 
 
 fet locked ('lokt), adj. having fet- 
 locks ; secured or fastened by the 
 fetlocks. 
 
 fetter ('er), n. a chain or shackle 
 for the feet (usually pi.) ; a re- 
 straint ; hindrance : v.t. to place fet- 
 ters upon; chain; bind; hinder; re- 
 strain. 
 
 fettle (fet'l), v.i. to repair; work 
 with activity ; clean up : v.t. to put 
 
 in order; cover or line; fasten: n. 
 good condition or repair ; fuss. 
 
 fetus, same as foetus. 
 
 feud (fud), n. an inveterate quarrel 
 between clans or families; blood- 
 feud ; quarrel ; enmity ; hatred. 
 
 feud (fud), n. a fief, or land held 
 from a lord on condition of render- 
 ing him feudal service. Also feod. 
 
 feudal ( 'al ) , adj. pertaining to a feud 
 or quarrel ; pertaining to, or found- 
 ed upon, a feud or fief. 
 
 feudalize ('al-iz), v.t. to conform 
 to feudalism. 
 
 feudalist (-ist), n. one skilled in 
 feudal law. Also feudist; an up- 
 holder of feudalism. 
 
 feudality (-al'i-ti), n. the state of 
 being feudal ; feudal principles or 
 constitution. 
 
 feudally (-li), adv. in accordance 
 with the principles of feudalism. 
 
 feudal system (sis'tem), n. the po- 
 litico-social system formerly preva- 
 lent in Europe during the Middle 
 Ages of holding lands on condition 
 of military service. Feudalism. 
 
 feudatory (-da-to-ri), n. [pi. feuda- 
 tories (-riz)], one holding land by 
 feudal tenure ; a vassal : adj. per- 
 taining to, or held by, feudal tenure. 
 Also feudary. 
 
 feu de joie (foo de zhwa.'), n. an ex- 
 pression of public rejoicing, as the 
 firing of guns, or burning of bon- 
 fires. 
 
 feudist, same as feudalist. 
 
 feuilletou ( f oo-i-tang' ) , n. that sec- 
 tion of a French newspaper which 
 is devoted to light literature, criti- 
 cal notices, fiction, &c. ; a newspaper 
 serial. 
 
 fever (fe'ver), n. a disease charac- 
 terized by marked increase of heat 
 of the skin, quickened pulse, great 
 debility, thirst, &c. ; a condition of 
 extreme nervous excitement : v.t. to 
 put into a fever. 
 
 fever- few (-fu), n. a plant of the 
 aster family, formerly esteemed as a 
 febrifuge. 
 
 feverish (-ish), adj. affected with, 
 indicating, or resembling, fever. 
 
 few (fu), adj. [comp. fewer, superl. 
 fewest], not many; small in num- 
 ber ; limited. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Men. 
 
few 
 
 fid 
 
 fewness ('nes), n. smallness of num- 
 ber. 
 
 fez (fez), n. a brirnless, close fitting, 
 felt hat, usually red, with a black 
 tassel : worn by Turks, Egyptians, 
 &c. 
 
 fiacre (fe-a'kr), n. a hackney-coach 
 [French]. 
 
 fiance (fe-ang-sa/), n. one who is be- 
 trothed or affianced. Fern, fiancee. 
 
 fiasco (fe-as'ko), n. a complete or lu- 
 dicrous failure, as of some enter- 
 prise of which high hopes were en- 
 tertained, as a musical performance, 
 &c. ; a flask or bottle. 
 
 fiat (fi'at), n. a peremptory order or 
 decree ; an order of a court authoriz- 
 ing certain proceedings, as in bank- 
 ruptcy. 
 
 fib (fib), n. a falsehood; white lie: 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. fibbed, p.pr. fibbing], 
 to tell fibs ; to deliver a quick suc- 
 cession of blows. 
 
 fibber ('er), n. one who tells fibs. 
 
 fiber (fi'ber), n. a slender, thread- 
 like substance, or filament ; raw ma- 
 terial which can be separated into 
 threads for making up textile fab- 
 rics. 
 
 fibriform ('bri-fSrm), adj. fiber-like. 
 
 fibril ('bril), n. a small fiber. 
 
 fibrillar ('e), n.pl. minute subdivi- 
 sions of a root, as of the lichens. 
 
 fibrillose (-os), adj. composed of, or 
 covered with, fibrils. 
 
 fibrin (ffbrin), n. a white albumi- 
 noid substance which forms the clot 
 of blood ; the fibrous part of flesh ; 
 gluten obtained from corn, &c. Also 
 fibrine. 
 
 fibrinous (-us), adj. composed of, or 
 of the nature of, fibrin. 
 
 fibroid ('broid), adj. of the struc- 
 ture of, or containing, fiber. 
 
 fibroin ('bro-in), n. the principal 
 constituent of raw silk, cobwebs, 
 and horny sponge-tissue. 
 
 fibrous ('brus), adj. composed of, or 
 of the nature of, fibers. 
 
 fibster (fib'ster), n. a liar in a small 
 way. 
 
 fibula ('u-la), n. [pi. fibula? (-le)], 
 the outer and smaller of the two 
 bones which form the lower leg; an 
 ancient ornamental brooch or safe- 
 ty-pin. 
 
 fichu (fe-shoo'), n. a light three-cor- 
 nered article of ladies' dress worn 
 on the neck, or over the neck and 
 shoulders. 
 
 fickle (fik'l), adj. capricious; incon- 
 stant. 
 
 fictile (fik'til), adj. pertaining to pot- 
 tery ; readily molded ; plastic. 
 
 fiction ('shun), n. the act of feign- 
 ing or inventing ; that which is 
 feigned or invented ; a literary pro- 
 duction of the imagination in prose 
 form, as a novel, romance, &c. ; 
 a legal assumption for the purpose 
 of convenience, the furtherance of 
 justice, &c. 
 
 fictional (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 characteristic of, or created by, fic- 
 tion. 
 
 fictionist (-ist), n. a writer of fic- 
 tion. 
 
 fictitious (-tish'us), adj. pertaining 
 to, or of the nature of, fiction ; 
 false ; unreal. 
 
 fid (fid), n. an iron or wooden bar to 
 
 \ support a topmast ; a large tapering 
 wooden pin for opening the strands 
 of a rope : v.t. to put into place and 
 secure by a fid. Also fidd. 
 
 fidalgo (fi-dal'go), n. a Portuguese 
 nobleman ; hidalgo. 
 
 fiddle (fid'l), n. sl violin; a frame 
 used on board ship to prevent arti- 
 cles from rolling off the table in 
 stormy weather : v.i. to play the fid- 
 dle or violin : v.t. to cheat by arti- 
 fice. 
 
 fiddle-de-dee (-de-de), inter j. non- 
 sense ! : n. a piece of nonsense. 
 
 fiddle-faddle (-fad'l), n. nonsense; 
 trifling conversation : v.i. to talk 
 nonsense ; fuss about trifles : adj. 
 fussy about trifles. 
 
 fiddler (fid'ler), n. a violinist; a 
 name of the common sandpiper; 
 sixpence; one who is fussy about 
 trifles. 
 
 fiddlestick (-stik), n. a bow for 
 playing upon the fiddle or violin : 
 inter j. nonsense! (usually in pi.). 
 
 fiddling (fid'ling), n. the act of play- 
 ing the violin : p.adj. trifling. 
 
 fidelity (fi-del'i-ti), n. [pi. fidelities 
 (-tiz)], integrity; faithful adher- 
 ence to obligation or duty ; honesty ; 
 loyalty ; reliability. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fid 
 
 fid-fad (fid'fad), n. fiddle-faddle. 
 
 fidget (fij'et), n. one who is fidgety; 
 nervous restlessness (often in pi.) : 
 v.t. to put in a fidget ; worry ; v.i. to 
 move about uneasily or restlessly. 
 
 fidgetiness (-i-nes), n. the state of 
 being fidgety. 
 
 fidgety ('et-i), adj. restless; impa- 
 tient. 
 
 fiducial (fi-du'shal), adj. of the na- 
 ture of a trust ; practical confidenc. 
 
 fiduciary ('shi-a-ri), n. [pi. fiducia- 
 ries (-riz)], a trustee; one who de- 
 pends for salvation on faith without 
 works : adj. pertaining to, or of the 
 nature of, a trust ; confident ; unwa- 
 vering. 
 
 fie (fi), inter j. for shame! Also fy, 
 fye. 
 
 fief (fef), n. a fee or feud; a landed 
 estate or manor held under a feudal 
 superior. 
 
 field (feld), n. a piece of land en- 
 closed for tillage or pasture ; open 
 country ; a region yielding some nat- 
 ural product ; site of a battle ; 
 sphere of action; a wide expanse; 
 space within which telescopic or 
 microscopic objects are viewed ; 
 out-door work ; in heraldry, the sur- 
 face of the shield; the ground upon 
 which a game is played; the com- 
 petitors in a race, hunt, &c. : v.t. to 
 catch or stop and return to the 
 wicket-keeper, as a ball at cricket, 
 &c. : v.i. to act as a fielder ; in a 
 race, bet on the field against the 
 favorite. 
 
 field-allowance (-a-lou'ans), n. ex- 
 tra pay given to officers on active 
 service. 
 
 field-artillery (-ar-til'er-i), n. artil- 
 lery so mounted as to be readily 
 handled in active service. 
 
 field-book (-book), n. a surveyor's 
 note-book. 
 
 field-day (-da), n. a military review; 
 a day of unusual excitement or dis- 
 play ; a day devoted to outdoor sci- 
 entific research. 
 
 field-glass (-glas), n. a small porta- 
 ble telescope. 
 
 field-mar lis al (-mar'shal), n. the 
 highest rank in the British army. 
 
 field-officer (-of'i-ser), n. a major, 
 lieutenant-colonel, or colonel. 
 
 fig 
 
 field-sports (-sportz), n.pl. outdoor 
 diversions, especially shootiDg, hunt- 
 ing, &c. 
 
 field-work (-werk), n. outdoor oper- 
 • ations or observations. 
 
 fiend (fend), n. an infernal being; 
 demon ; one who is intensely mali- 
 cious or wicked ; a monomaniac. 
 
 fiendish ('ish), adj. like a fiend. 
 
 fierce (fers), adj. savage; violent; 
 merciless ; ferocious ; unrestrained. 
 
 fiercely ('li), adv. in a fierce manner. 
 
 fieri facias ( f I'e-ri f a'shi-as ) , (Latin 
 cause it to be done), a writ of exe- 
 cution authorizing a levy on the 
 goods and chattels of the person 
 against whom it is issued. 
 
 fierily (fir'i-li), adv. in a fiery man- 
 ner. 
 
 fieriness (-nes), n. the quality of 
 being fiery ; heat of temper. 
 
 fiery ('ri), adj. [comp. fierier, superl. 
 fieriest], pertaining to, or consisting 
 of, fire ; passionate ; easily roused ; 
 fervent ; ardent. 
 
 fife (fif), n. a shrill-toned musical 
 instrument of the flute class : v.t. to 
 play (a tune) on a fife. 
 
 fifteen (fif 'ten), adj. consisting of 5 
 and 10 ; a cardinal numeral : n. the 
 number made up of 5 and 10; one 
 point scored at lawn-tennis. 
 
 fifteenth ('tenth), adj. next in order 
 after 14th : n. a fifteenth part. 
 
 fifth, (fifth), adj. next in order after 
 4th : n. one of 5 equal parts ; in 
 music, an e interval of three tones 
 and a semi-tone ; the dominant. 
 
 fifthly (li), adv. in the fifth place. 
 
 fiftieth (fif'ti-eth), adj. next in order 
 after 49th : n. one of 50 equal parts. 
 
 fifty ('ti), adj. consisting of five 
 times 10: n. [pi. fifties ('tiz)], the 
 number which amounts to five times 
 10. 
 
 fig (fig), n. the pear-shaped fruit of" 
 the fig-tree ; the fig-tree ; a snap of 
 the fingers in token of contempt ; 
 anything insignificant or worthless. 
 
 figgy ('i)f adj. fig-like. 
 
 fight (fit), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. fought, 
 p.pr. fighting], contend in battle or 
 in arms ; make war ; offer resist- 
 ance : v.t. to war against ; strive for 
 the mastery of ; manoeuvre in bat- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
fil 
 
 tie, as ships : n. a combat ; battle or 
 engagement ; contest. 
 
 fighting ('ing), adj. pertaining to 
 conflict ; qualified, or trained, to 
 fight ; skilled in warfare : n. a com- 
 bat. 
 
 fig-leaf (fig'lef), n. the leaf of a fig- 
 tree : a light covering in the form of 
 a fig-leaf to conceal nakedness. 
 
 fig-marigold (-mar'i-gold), n. a 
 plant which produces a fig-shaped 
 fruit. 
 
 figment ('ment), n. an invention; 
 fiction. 
 
 figuline ('u-lin), n. potter's clay. 
 
 figurant ( 'u-rant) , n. an opera dancer 
 who performs as one of the group. 
 Fern, figurante. 
 
 figurative ('u-ra-tiv), adj. repre- 
 senting by figure ; symbolical ; un- 
 real ; metaphorical. 
 
 figuratively (-li), adv. in a figura- 
 tive manner. 
 
 figure ('ur), n. the outline or shape 
 of a person or object ; appearance ; 
 an image or statue ; representation 
 of a person by drawing or painting ; 
 idea ; pattern ; type ; sign or charac- 
 ter denoting a number ; a movement 
 in a dance ; musical phrase, or re- 
 peated theme ; a horoscope ; value 
 or cost ; in logic, the character of a 
 syllogism as determined by the place 
 of the middle term ; a space bounded 
 on all sides by lines or planes : v.t. 
 to form into any determinate shape ; 
 show by resemblance ; represent ; 
 symbolize ; adorn or cover with fig- 
 ures ; calculate or compute : v.i. to 
 be conspicuous ; cipher. 
 
 figured ('tird), adj. covered or 
 adorned with figures ; symbolized ; 
 pictured; indicated by figures 
 [Mus.]. 
 
 figure-head (-hed), n. a carved rep- 
 resentation of a human or other fig- 
 ure placed at the prow of a ship ; a 
 person who is only nominally im- 
 portant. 
 
 figuring (fig'ur-ing), n. computation. 
 
 figwort (fig'wert), n. a plant used as 
 a specific for piles. 
 
 filament ('a-ment), n. a fine thread, 
 or thread-like process or appen- 
 dage ; the stalk of an anther. 
 
 filamentary (-men'ta-ri), adj. con- 
 sisting of, or resembling, a filament. 
 
 filar (fi'lar), adj. pertaining to, or 
 furnished with, threads ; having fine 
 threads stretched across the field of 
 view : said of a microscope, &c. 
 
 filbert (fil'bert), n. the edible nut of 
 the cultivated hazel. 
 
 filch (filch), v.t. to pilfer; rob. 
 
 file (fil), n. a wire, &c, on which pa- 
 pers are strung for preservation or 
 reference ; a bundle of papers fas- 
 tened together and endorsed with the 
 date, contents, &c, of each ; a line 
 of soldiers ranged one behind the 
 other ; a tool of hard steel with 
 small grooves on the surface, used 
 for cutting and smoothing : v.t. to 
 cut or smooth with a file ; string 
 (papers, &c.) on a file, or place 
 them away, endorsed, for future 
 reference; place among the records 
 of a court or house of legislature : 
 v.i. to march in a file or line. 
 
 filial (fil'i-al), adj. pertaining to, or 
 befitting, a son or daughter ; due to 
 a father. 
 
 filially (-li), adv. in a filial manner. 
 
 filiation (-a/shun), n. affiliation. 
 
 filibuster (-i-bus'ter), n. a free- 
 booter ; buccaneer ; a lawless military 
 adventurer who invades a foreign 
 country : v.i. to act as a filibuster ; 
 to delay legislation by obstructive 
 tactics. 
 
 filiform (fil'i-form), adj. thread-like. 
 
 filigree ('i-gre), adj. made of, or re- 
 lating to, work in filigree : n. orna- 
 mental work, resembling lace, in 
 gold or silver wire ; something deli- 
 cate and ornamental, but not last- 
 ing. 
 
 filigree d ('i-gred), adj. ornamented 
 with, or as with, filigree. 
 
 filing (fl'ling), n. the act of using a 
 file : pi. fine fragments rubbed off 
 by the action of a file. 
 
 Filipino (fil-i-pe'no), n. a native of 
 the Philippine Islands. 
 
 fill (fil), v.t. to make full; satisfy; 
 crowd ; engage ; occupy ; employ : v.i. 
 to become full or replete ; be dis- 
 tended ; pour a glass or vessel full : 
 n. as much as produces complete 
 satisfaction ; satiety. 
 
 filler ('er), n. one who, or that which, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
fil 
 
 fin 
 
 fills; a funnel for filling bottles, 
 &c. ; composition for stopping up 
 holes or pores in a material before 
 painting it ; the body of a cigar. 
 
 fillet ('et), n. a narrow band of metal, 
 linen, silk, &c, worn around the 
 forehead, for securing the hair ; the 
 fleshy part of the thigh : said of 
 veal ; a boneless lump of meat or 
 fish served flat or rolled together 
 and tied round ; a raised rim, nar- 
 row ornament, or molding ; a plain 
 line or band ; the loins of a horse : 
 v.t. to bind with a fillet; ornament 
 with a fillet ; make into fillets, as 
 veal, &c. 
 
 filling (fil'ing), p.adj. serving to fill; 
 occupying the whole space ; satiat- 
 ing: n. something that serves to fill 
 up a vacant space, cavity, or pore: 
 pi. prepared wort. 
 
 fillip ('ip), n. a sudden sharp jerk or 
 stroke with the finger ; an incite- 
 ment : v.t. to strike with the nail of 
 the finger by a sudden movement ; 
 project : v.i. to aim a fillip. 
 
 fillister ('is-ter), n. a rabbet-plane; 
 a groove or rabbet on the outer 
 edge of a window-sash to receive 
 glass. 
 
 filly ('i), n. [pi. fillies ('iz)], a young 
 mare ; a bold, lively girl. 
 
 film (film), n. a thin skin or filament ; 
 a thin covering of some sensitized 
 substance to receive a photographic 
 impression : v.i. to become covered 
 with a film. 
 
 filminess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being filmy. 
 
 filmy ('i), adj. composed of, or re- 
 sembling, films. 
 
 filo-floss (fi'lo-flos), n. a fine soft 
 thread, used in embroidery. 
 
 filo-plume (-plum), n. a long slen- 
 der feather with a delicate shaft. 
 
 filose ('16s), adj. thread-like. 
 
 filoselle ('16-zel), n. a kind of floss- 
 silk. 
 
 filter (fil'ter), n. any material or ap- 
 paratus by which water or any 
 other liquid is purified ; a contri- 
 vance for arresting particles of 
 steel, dust, &c, in the air ; a strain- 
 er : v.t. to purify, as a liquid. 
 
 filth (filth), n. foul matter; dirt; de- 
 filement, moral or physical. 
 
 filthily (-li), adv. in a filthy manner. 
 filthiness (-nes), n. uncleanness; 
 
 impurity. 
 
 filthy ('i), adj. [comp. filthier, su- 
 perl. filthiest], foul; dirty; unclean, 
 morally or physically ; obscene. 
 
 filtrate (fil'trat), n. a liquid which 
 has been filtered : v.t. to filter. 
 
 fin (fin), n. one of the organs of loco- 
 motion of a fish. 
 
 finable (fm'a-bl), adj. liable to a 
 fine ; capable of being refined. 
 
 final (fl'nal), adj. pertaining to the 
 end ; ultimate ; finishing ; decisive : 
 n. that which is last, or makes an 
 end ; the deciding heat of an ath- 
 letic contest. 
 
 final cause (kawz), n. the end for 
 which a thing is done. * 
 
 finale (fe-na'la), n. the last passage 
 in a musical composition ; the final 
 act, &c, of a scene or performance ; 
 termination ; end. 
 
 finality (fl-nal'i-ti), n. completeness. 
 
 finally (fi-nal-li), adv. lastly; com- 
 pletely. 
 
 finance (fi-nans'), n. the public 
 revenue of a government or state ; 
 the science of the profitable manage- 
 ment of monetary affairs : v.t. to 
 manage the financial arrangement 
 of : v.i. to raise money for some spe- 
 cial object. 
 
 financial (-nan'shal), adj. pertaining 
 to finance. 
 
 financially (-li), adv. with respect 
 to finance. 
 
 financier (fin-an-ser'), n. one who is 
 skilled in the principles of banking, 
 or conducts private or public finan- 
 cial affairs. 
 
 finback (fin'bak), n. a variety of 
 whale, having the dorsal fin promi- 
 nent. Also finner, razorback. 
 
 finch (finch), n. the common name 
 for various small birds, as the chaf- 
 finch, canary, &c. 
 
 find (find), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. found, 
 p.pr. finding], to discover; obtain 
 by searching ; ascertain by experi- 
 ment ; meet by accident ; regain, as 
 something lost ; supply ; declare by 
 judicial verdict : n. the discovery of 
 something valuable. 
 
 finder ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, finds ; a small telescope at- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fin 
 
 tached to a larger one to locate 
 some particular star, &c, to be ex- 
 amined by the larger instrument. 
 
 fin de siecle (fang de sia'kl) 
 [French], at the end of the cen- 
 tury. 
 
 finding (find'ing), n. discovery; the 
 verdict of a jury, or court: pi. the 
 tools, &c, which a workman himself 
 supplies. 
 
 fine (fin), n. money paid as a pen- 
 alty; forfeiture: v.t. to impose a 
 monetary penalty upon ; purify ; re- 
 fine ; clarify. 
 
 fine (fin), adj. slender; thin; keen; 
 pure ; refined ; subtle ; delicate ; ele- 
 gant ; of small diameter ; very hand- 
 some ; noble ; showy ; admirable ; 
 splendid ; beautiful in thought # or 
 language ; free from clouds or rain ; 
 dexterous ; discriminating ; artful : 
 adv. very much ; finely. 
 
 fine -cut ('kut), adj. delicately cut or 
 chiseled ; cut fine, as tobacco. 
 
 finedraw ('draw), v.t. to sew up 
 neatly, as a rent, so that it is im- 
 perceptible; draw out to extreme 
 tenuity, as wire. 
 
 finedrawn ('drawn), adj. spun very 
 fine; over-subtle; far-fetched. 
 
 finely ('li), adv. in a fine manner. 
 
 fineness ('nes), n. the state or quali- 
 ty of being fine ; in an alloy, the 
 quantity of pure metal contained. 
 
 finery (fi'ner-i), n. [pi. fineries 
 (-iz)], personal adornment, as fine 
 or showy clothes, &c. ; outward 
 show. 
 
 finesse (fi-nes'), n. artifice or strat- 
 agem ; skill ; dexterity ; finessing at 
 whist : v.i. to use artifice or skill to 
 accomplish some end ; in playing 
 whist, to endeavor to take a trick 
 with a lower card than that held 
 by an opponent, while holding a 
 higher card. 
 
 finger (fing'ger), n. one of the five 
 divisions of the hand ; one of the 
 four digits of the hand, as dis- 
 tinguished from a thumb ; a fin- 
 ger's breadth ; any mechanical con- 
 trivance resembling a finger ; an in- 
 dex ; musical touch : v.t. to handle, or 
 perform, with the fingers ; meddle 
 with ; steal ; pilfer : v.i. to use the 
 
 fin 
 
 fingers skilfully in performing upon 
 a musical instrument. 
 
 fingered ('gerd), p. adj. having fin- 
 gers ; played with the fingers ; 
 marked to show how the fingers are 
 to be used. 
 
 lingerer (/ger-er), n. one who fin- 
 gers ; a pilferer. 
 
 fingering (-ing), n. the act of touch- 
 ing with the fingers; the act of 
 manipulating the fingers on a fin- 
 gered instrument ; fine work exe- 
 cuted by the fingers ; a loose-twisted 
 woolen yarn, used for knitting 
 stockings, &c. 
 
 finger ling ('ling), n. a young trout. 
 
 fingerstall (-stawl), n. a protective 
 covering for an injured finger. 
 
 finial (fin'i-al), n. a pointed orna- 
 ment at the top of a spire, gable, &c. 
 
 finical ('i-kal), adj. fastidious; over 
 particular. 
 
 finicality ('i-ti), n. the characteris- 
 tic of being finical. 
 
 finically (-li), adv. in a finical man- 
 ner. 
 
 finikin ('i-kin), adj. fussy or affect- 
 edly precise in trifles, as in dress, 
 manner, &c. ; a variety of pigeon. 
 Also finicking. 
 
 fining (fin'ing), n. the act or process 
 of purifying or refining ; clarifica- 
 tion. 
 
 finis (fi'nis), n. the end. 
 
 finish (fin'ish), v.t. to bring to an 
 end ; complete ; put an end to ; con- 
 clude ; make perfect ; polish ; kill or 
 render powerless : v.i. to come to an 
 end ; expire : n. completion ; careful 
 elaboration ; the final touches given 
 to a work. 
 
 finished ('isht), p. adj. complete; of 
 superior excellence or quality ; care- 
 fully elaborated. 
 
 finite (fi'nit), adj. having limits: n. 
 that which is finite (with the). 
 
 finitely (-li), adv. in a limited de- 
 gree. 
 
 finiteness (-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing finite. 
 
 finlet (fin'let), w. a small fin. 
 
 finned (find), adj. having fins. 
 
 finny ('ni), adj. having fins; resem- 
 bling, or abounding in, fish. 
 
 finos (fe'nos), n. wool of the merino 
 sheep of the second best quality. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
by ignition and combustion ; the 
 result of combustion of bodies; 
 a burning ; conflagration ; flame ; 
 discharge of firearms ; light ; in- 
 tensity of feeling; ardor; spirit; 
 severe trial or affliction : v.t. to set 
 on fire ; inflame ; kindle ; bake, as 
 porcelain ; explode ; excite violently ; 
 irritate; illuminalr: cauterize: v.i. 
 to become ignited ; be inflamed ; dis- 
 charge firearms ; ring a peal of bells 
 all together. 
 firearms ('iirmz), n.pl. rifles, can- 
 fire-ball' ('bawl), n. a grenade; me- 
 
 fire-balloon Cbal-lGon), «. a bal- 
 loon inflated by hot air; a balloon 
 sent up with fireworks, which be- 
 come ignited when at a certain 
 height. 
 
 fire-box ('boksl, n. in a locomotive 
 engine, the receptacle for the fire. 
 
 firebrand ('brand), n. a piece of 
 burning wood ; an incendiary ; one 
 who inflames the passions of others. 
 
 firebug; ('bug), ft. an incendiary. 
 
 fire-clay ('kla), n. a kind of clay 
 capable of resisting intense heat. 
 
 firecracker ('krak-er), n. a small 
 explosive firework. 
 
 fire-damp ('damp), n. carburetted 
 hydrogen. 
 
 fire-dog ('dog), it. an andiron. 
 
 fire-engine ('en-jin), n. a hand or 
 steam engine for ejecting water 
 through hose to extinguish a fire. 
 
 fire-escape ('es-kap), ft. a kind of 
 ladder for rescuing persons from the 
 upper parts ol a building on fire. 
 
 firefly ('Hi), n, a winged insect which 
 emits light at night. 
 
 fire-irons ('I-erns), n.pl. the shovel, 
 poker, and tongs. 
 
 fire-kiln ('kil), n. an oven. 
 
 fireman ('man), n. [pi. firemen 
 ('men)], one trained to extinguish 
 fires ; a stoker. 
 
 fire-ship ('ship), n. a ship filled with 
 
 combustibles, set fire to, and floated 
 among the vessels of an enemy 
 
 fireside ('sid), n. the hearth: hence 
 domestic life and comfort. 
 
 fire-water ('waw-ter), n. ardent 
 spirits [American Indian]. 
 
 firework (\verk), n. a preparation 
 of gunpowder, sulphur, charcoal 
 &c, inclosed in a cardboard or paper 
 case, which, when ignited, scintil- 
 lates and explodes : pi. a pyrotech- 
 nic display. 
 
 fire-worship ('wer-ship), «. the 
 worship or veneration of fire as a 
 
 firing ('ing), n. the act of discharg- 
 ing firearms ; the application of in- 
 tense heat, as in baking, &c. ; fuel; 
 
 firkin (fer'kin), n. a small wooden 
 vessel for holding butter, lard, &c; 
 a measure of capacity = l-4th of a 
 barrel ; 9 gals. 
 
 firm ( f erm ) , adj. hard ; compact ; 
 solid ; closely compressed ; unyield- 
 ing; not easily moved; rigorous; 
 staunch ; unfaltering ; steadfast : 
 n. the title or style under which a 
 mercantile house transacts its busi- 
 ness ; a mercantile partnership. 
 
 firmament (fer'ma-ment), n. the sky. 
 
 firman ('man, or 'man, «. a spe- 
 cial decree, edict, or license of an 
 oriental potentate, as of the Turk- 
 ish Sultan. 
 
 first (ferst), adj. the ordinal of one; 
 foremost in place, rank, dignity, 
 time, excellence, &c. ; earliest ; most 
 important ; chief : adv. before all 
 others in order, place, rank, time, 
 &c. ; sooner : n. the beginning ; the 
 upper part of a vocal or instru- 
 mental duet, trio, &c. [Mus.]. 
 
 first-chop ('chop), adj. of the first 
 quality. 
 
 first-class ('klas), adj. of the high- 
 est excellence, rank, or quality. 
 
 First-day ('da), n. the name given 
 to Sunday by the Society of Friends, 
 
 first-fruits (-fruts), n.pl. the first 
 gatherings of the produce of the 
 season ; the first profits of any of- 
 fice or undertaking. 
 
 first-hand ('hand), n. the mate of a 
 fishing-smack: adj. obtained direct 
 from the producer or grower. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
/r - j, - iniifT 
 
 
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 MODERN FIRE APPARATUS 
 
fir 
 
 firstling ('ling), n. the first-born; 
 first produced. 
 
 firstly ('li), adv. in the first place. 
 
 first-mate ('mat), n. in the mer- 
 chant service, the officer next in 
 rank to the captain. 
 
 first-rate ('rat), adj. of the highest 
 excellence ; having the highest qual- 
 ity or character : n. a warship of 
 the first class : adv. excellently. 
 
 firth, same as frith. 
 
 fiscal (fis'kal), adj. pertaining to the 
 exchequer or public revenues ; finan- 
 cial : n. a state treasurer [Span- 
 ish]. 
 
 fish (fish), n. [pi. fish, fishes ('ez)J, 
 a vertebrate, cold-blooded, aquatic 
 animal furnished with permanent 
 gills ; the flesh of fish used as food ; 
 a machine for hoisting an anchor ; 
 a piece of wood fastened to an- 
 other to strengthen it ; one of the 
 signs (Pisces) of the zodiac; a 
 counter used at cards: v.t.. to search 
 in quest of fish; catch (fish) ; seek 
 for and bring to light ; draw up ; 
 strengthen by spars : v.i. to try to 
 catch fish ; seek to gain or obtain 
 something by artifice or indirect 
 methods. 
 
 fish-beam ('bem), n. a beam of tim- 
 ber bulging downwards. 
 
 fish-block ('blok), n. a hoisting- 
 block for raising the flukes of an 
 anchor to the gunwale. 
 
 fish-davit ('dav-it), n. a strong spar, 
 or crane, for fishing the anchor. 
 
 fisher ('er), n. one who fishes; the 
 pekan. 
 
 fisherman (-man), n. one whose oc- 
 cupation it is to catch fish ; a fish- 
 ing-smack. 
 
 fishery ('er-i), n. [pi. fisheries 
 (-iz) ], the business of catching fish ; 
 a fishing-ground ;. the right to fish 
 at a particular time or ground. 
 
 fishgarth ('garth), n. a fish-weir. 
 
 fishgig ('gig), n. a pronged instru- 
 ment for spearing fish. Also fizgig. 
 
 fish-glue ('gldo), n. isinglass. 
 
 fish-hawk ('hawk), n. the osprey. 
 
 fishiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being fishy. 
 
 fishing ('ing), n. the art, sport, or 
 business of taking fish ; a fishing- 
 ground; the operation of hoisting 
 
 fit 
 
 an anchor up to the gunwale of a 
 vessel. 
 
 fish- joint ('joint), n. a pair of iron 
 plates for fastening the ends of two 
 rails together. 
 
 fish-maw ('maw), n. the sound of a 
 fish. 
 
 fishmonger ('mung-ger), n. one who 
 sells fish. 
 
 fish-sound ('sound), n. the swim- 
 ming or air-bladder_ of_ a fish. 
 
 fish-torpedo ( 'tOr-pe-do ) , n. a sub- 
 marine torpedo somewhat resem- 
 bling a fish in shape. 
 
 fish- weir ('wer), n. a dam for stop- 
 ping or preserving fish. 
 
 fish- wife ('wif), n. a woman who 
 retails fish. Also fishwoman. 
 
 fishy ('0, adj. pertaining to, consist- 
 ing of, abounding in, or like, fish ; 
 dull ; vacant ; questionable ; incredi- 
 ble. 
 
 fissi, prefix, meaning cleft, occurring 
 in various scientific words, as fissi- 
 parous, propagating or multiplying 
 by fission. 
 
 fissile (fis'il), adj. capable of being 
 split : said of rocks. 
 
 fission (fish'un), n. the act of cleav- 
 ing or splitting up into parts ; the 
 spontaneous division of a simple 
 organism into two parts, each of 
 which becomes a new individual. 
 
 fissiparous. See fissi. 
 
 fissiped (fis'i-ped), adj. having the 
 toes separated : n. an animal belong- 
 ing to the Fissipedia, a division of 
 carnivorous mammals, including the 
 dogs, cats, &c. 
 
 fissure (fish'ur), n. a cleft or crack; 
 a narrow opening ; furrow : v.t. to 
 make a fissure : v.i. to crack. 
 
 fist (fist), n. the hand when closed or 
 clenched : v.t . to grip or strike with 
 the fist. 
 
 fistic (fis'tik), adj. pertaining to pu- 
 gilism. 
 
 fisticuffs ('ti-kufs), n. a combat with 
 the fists ; boxing. 
 
 fistula ('tu-la), n. a deep pipe-like 
 ulcer. 
 
 fistulose (-los), adj. of the nature of 
 a fistula ; hollow like a pipe. Also 
 fistulous. 
 
 fit (fit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fitted, p.pr. 
 fitting], to make fit or suitable; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
£ 
 
 adapt ; accommodate to anything ; 
 qualify; adjust; equip; benefit: v.i. 
 to be proper or suitable : n. adapta- 
 tion of one thing to another ; suit- 
 ability : adj. [comp. fitter, superl. 
 fittest], convenient; suitable; pre- 
 pared ; qualified. 
 
 fit (fit), n. a sudden attack of disease 
 attended with convulsions, and often 
 with loss of consciousness ; a tem- 
 porary mental paroxysm, or attack 
 of pain or illness ; caprice. 
 
 fitch (fitsh), n. the pole-cat. 
 
 fitful (fit'fool), adj. capricious; spas- 
 modic. 
 
 fitfully (-li), adv. in a fitful manner. 
 
 fitly (fit'li), adv. suitably; properly. 
 
 fitness ('nes), n. the state or quality 
 of being fit. 
 
 fitter ('er), n. one who adjusts pipes, 
 or puts the parts of a machine to- 
 gether; one who fits on and shapes 
 an article of dress ; a coal-broker. 
 
 fitting ('ing), p.adj. suitable; appro- 
 priate : n.pl. the necessary fixtures, 
 &c, of a house or shop. 
 
 fitty ('0, adj. subject to fits. 
 
 five (fiv), adj. consisting of 4 and 1: 
 a cardinal numeral : n. the sum of 
 4 and 1 : pi. a game resembling ten- 
 nis. 
 
 fivefold ('fold), adj. five times as 
 much or as great ; multiplied by 5. 
 
 fix (fiks), v.t. to make fast, secure, or 
 staple ; direct steadily ; set or place 
 permanently ; adjust ; transfix ; de- 
 prive of volatility; predispose: v.i. 
 to become solid or firm ; settle down : 
 n. an awkward situation ; quandary. 
 
 fixation (-a/shun), n. the act of fix- 
 ing ; stability ; absence of volatility ; 
 reduction from a fluid to a solid 
 state. 
 
 fixative ('a-tiv), n. something that 
 serves to fix, as a mordant, &c. 
 
 fixed (fikst), p.adj. firm; lasting; 
 settled ; permanent ; stable ; estab- 
 lished ; resolute; not volatile. 
 
 fixed body (bod'i), n. a substance 
 not readily volatilized, as a fixed oil. 
 
 fixedly (fiks'ed-li), adv. steadily; 
 firmly. 
 
 fixedness (-nes), n. the state of being 
 fixed ; absence of volatility. 
 
 fixed star (star), n. a star which 
 
 fla 
 
 retains relatively the same position 
 in the heavens. 
 
 fixing (fiks'ing), n. the act of making 
 firm, or rendering permanent ; the 
 act of adjusting or amending; a 
 cast to carry a shaft-bearing : pi. 
 ornaments, outfit, apparatus, &c. 
 
 fixity ('i-ti), n. stability; perma- 
 nence. 
 
 fixture (fiks'tur), n. that which is 
 firmly fixed ; an article of furni- 
 ture fixed to a house and regarded 
 as part of it. 
 
 fizgig (fiz'gig), n. a firework made 
 of damp powder; a flirting, giddy 
 girl. 
 
 fizz (fiz), n. a hissing noise; an ef- 
 fervescent beverage, as sparkling 
 champagne : v.i. to make a fizzing 
 noise. Also fizzle. 
 
 fjeld (fyeld), n. a lofty barren table- 
 land [Norwegian]. 
 
 flabbily (flab'i-li), adv. in a flabby 
 manner. 
 
 fjord. Same as fiord. 
 
 flabbily (flab'i-li), adv. in a flabby 
 manner. 
 
 flabbiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being flabby. 
 
 flabby ('i), adj. easily shaking or 
 yielding to the touch; lacking mus- 
 cle; mentally or physically feeble. 
 
 flabellate (-bel'at), adj. fan-shaped. 
 
 flabellum (fla-bel'um), n. [pi. flabel- 
 la ('a.)], a large fan carried by the 
 Pope's attendants ; in the Greek 
 Church, a fan used to drive away 
 flies from the chalice during the cele- 
 bration of the eucharist. 
 
 flaccid (flak'sid), adj. flabby; weak. 
 
 flaccidity ('i-ti), n. the state of 
 being flaccid. 
 
 flag (flag), n. a piece of cloth or 
 bunting on which usually some de- 
 vice is wrought, used as a standard, 
 ensign, signal, &c. ; a plant of the 
 genus Iris ; a flagstone : v.i. [p.t. & 
 p.p. flagged, p.pr. flagging], to be- 
 come weary ; lose vigor ; hang down : 
 v.t. signal with a flag; pave with 
 flagstones. 
 
 flagellant (flaj'el-ant), adj. using a 
 whip or scourge : n. one who 
 scourges himself for religious disci- 
 pline. 
 
 flagellata (-a'ta), n.pl. a class of in- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
fusorians with whip-like append- 
 ages. 
 
 flagellate ('el-at), v.t. to whip: adj. 
 having whip-like processes. 
 
 flageolet (flaj'o-let), n. a musical 
 instrument of the flute class. 
 
 flagging (flag'ing), n. pavement of 
 flagstones. 
 
 flagitious (fla-jish'us), adj. atro- 
 cious ; wicked ; highly criminal. 
 
 flag-officer (-of'i-ser), n. an admiral. 
 
 flagon (flag'un), n. a large drinking 
 vessel with a narrow mouth. 
 
 flagrant (fla'grant), adj. openly 
 wicked ; heinous ; glaring ; notorious. 
 
 flagrante delicto (-gran'te de-lik'- 
 to) L Latin], in the very act. 
 
 flagstone ('ston), n. a large flat pav- 
 ing stone. 
 
 flail (flal), n. a wooden instrument 
 for threshing wheat, &c, by hand. 
 
 flake (flak), n. a small film of any- 
 thing loosely held together, as 
 snow ; a thin scaly piece of any- 
 thing; a carnation with a single 
 color in stripes on a white ground : 
 v.t. & v.i. to form into flakes ; scale 
 or peel off. 
 
 flake- white ('whit), n. pure white 
 lead. 
 
 flaky ('i), adj. consisting of flakes 
 or layers. 
 
 flam (flam), «. a falsehood; freak; 
 blarney ; false pretense. 
 
 flambeau ('bo), n. [pi. flambeaux 
 ('boz)], a lighted torch; a large or- 
 namental candlestick. 
 
 flamboyant (-boi'ant), adj. denoting 
 a florid or showy style, especially as 
 deficient in good taste ; denoting the 
 French Pointed Gothic, character- 
 ized by flame-like tracery. 
 
 flame ( flam ) , n. fire ; ardor of tem- 
 per or passion ; glow of imagina- 
 tion ; excitement ; a sweetheart : v.t. 
 to heat; excite: v.i. to burst into 
 flame ; blaze. 
 
 flamen (fla'men), n. one of fifteen 
 priests in ancient Rome devoted to 
 the service of a special deity. 
 
 flaming (flam'ing), adj. giving forth 
 flames ; blazing ; causing excite- 
 ment ; violent. 
 
 flamingo (fla-ming'go), n. a long- 
 legged, web-footed, red-colored bird. 
 
 flamingo-plant (-plant), n. a hand- 
 
 some hot-house plant belonging to 
 the arum family. 
 
 flammule (flam'ul), n. a little flame, 
 especially the small flame symboliz- 
 ing Chinese and Japanese deities. 
 
 flamy (flam'i), adj. resembling flame; 
 flame-colored. 
 
 flang (flang), n. a miner's double- 
 pointed pick. 
 
 flange (flanj), n. a raised or project- 
 ing rim for preventing a wheel slip- 
 ping, or as an attachment: v.t. to 
 attach a flange to. 
 
 flank (flangk), n. the fleshy part of 
 an animal between the ribs and 
 hip ; the side of an army, regiment, 
 or building ; that part of a fortifica- 
 tion constructed to defend another : 
 v.t. to attack or turn the flank or 
 side of (an army) ; guard on the 
 flank: v.i. to border or touch (with 
 on) : adj. pertaining to, or cut from, 
 the flank. 
 
 flanker ('er), n. one of a body of 
 troops thrown out to protect a line 
 of march ; a man who walks on the 
 flank of grouse-drivers to keep the 
 birds in the line required. 
 
 flannel (flan'el), n. a soft-textured, 
 loosely-worn cloth with a light nap. 
 
 flanneled ('eld), adj. covered in flan- 
 nel. 
 
 flannelet (-et), n. a soft cotton ma- 
 terial resembling flannel. 
 
 flap (flap), n. anything broad and 
 flexible, hanging loosely, and fas- 
 tened on one side ; the motion or 
 noise of anything broad and flat; 
 a slap ; the tail of a coat : v.t . [p.t. 
 & p.p. flapped], to strike with, or 
 as with, a flap ; let fall ; move back- 
 wards and forwards rapidly : v.i. to 
 move, as wings, with noise. 
 
 flapper ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, flaps ; a flipper. 
 
 flare (flar), n. a large, unsteady, 
 glaring light : v.i. to burn with a 
 broad, unsteady light; be offensive- 
 ly showy in dress. 
 
 flask (flash), n. a sudden, quick, 
 transitory blaze or light ; sudden 
 outburst, as of merriment, wit, or 
 passion ; a short, transient state ; a 
 body of water driven by violence ; 
 a sluice above a shoal on navigable 
 rivers for easing the water for the 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 D,j23 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fla 
 
 fla 
 
 passage of boats: v.t. to cause to 
 act, burst, or appear suddenly; 
 cover witb a thin coating of colored 
 glass : v.i. to shine with a sudden, 
 quick, transient blaze or light ; act, 
 or burst forth, suddenly ; gleam ; 
 splash : adj. pertaining to thieves or 
 their language ; cheap and gaudy ; 
 sham; vulgarly ostentatious or 
 showy. 
 
 flash light (-lit), n. a momentary, 
 brilliant light for taking photo- 
 graphs. 
 
 flashily ('i-li), adv. in a flashy man- 
 ner. 
 
 flashiness ('i-nes), n. gaudiness. 
 
 flashing ('ing), n. a name for va- 
 rious operations in glass-making : pi. 
 pieces of lead or other metal used 
 as a cap-joint to keep roofs, &c, 
 watertight : adj. emitting flashes. 
 
 flashing-point (-point), n. the tem- 
 
 • perature, below the burning-point, 
 at which the vapor of a volatile 
 liquid will ignite and explode: used 
 as a test for illuminants. 
 
 flashy ('i), adj. brilliant, but empty; 
 gaudy. 
 
 flask (flask), n. a small bottle; a ves- 
 sel, usually metal or leather, for 
 holding powder or shot. 
 
 flat (flat), adj. level; even; smooth; 
 prostrate ; horizontal ; insipid ; posi- 
 tive ; downright ; low : said of 
 prices ; dull : said of sales ; without 
 interest; wanting relief or promi- 
 nence : said of figures in painting ; 
 sounded below the true pitch : n. a 
 level or extended plain ; a shallow ; 
 shoal ; story or floor of a house ; the 
 broad or plane part of a thing ; sur- 
 face without relief or prominence ; 
 depression in thought or language ; 
 a musical sign (fa) which lowers 
 the succeeding note half a tone ; 
 one of the halves of a scene which 
 meet in the middle of the stage of a 
 theater ; a person easily duped : adv. 
 in a level or prostrate position. 
 
 flatfish ('fish), n. any fish with a 
 compressed body, having its eyes 
 situated on one side, and the under 
 side colorless, as the sole. 
 
 flatten ('n), v.t. to lay flat; make 
 level or even ; beat down ; depress ; ' 
 
 make dull, insipid or tasteless ; lower 
 in tone : v.i. to become flat or level ; 
 become insipid. 
 
 flatter (er), v.t. to gain over or 
 please by complimentary speech ; 
 soothe; persuade; raise false hopes 
 or expectations : v.i. to employ flat- 
 tery. 
 
 flattering (-ing), p.adj. pleasing to 
 pride or vanity; fallacious; partial. 
 
 flattery ('er-i), n. [pi. flatteries 
 (-iz)], insincere complimentary 
 speech ; adulation ; false praise. 
 
 flatting ('ing), n. the act or process 
 of making flat or smooth ; the pro- 
 cess of rolling metal into sheets by 
 cylindrical pressure; the sounding 
 of a note below the true pitch ; a 
 method of house painting by which 
 the paint appears lusterless ; a coat 
 of size laid over gilding to protect 
 it. 
 
 flatulence ('ii-lens), n. distension 
 of the stomach, caused by gases 
 generated within it ; emptiness ; con- 
 ceit. Also flatulency. 
 
 flatulent ('u-lent), adj. affected with, 
 or tending to produce, flatulence; 
 pretentious ; conceited. 
 
 flatwise ('wlz), adv. with the flat 
 side downwards. 
 
 flaunt (flant and flawnt), v.i. to 
 make an ostentatious display in 
 dress : v.t. behave or exhibit pertly 
 or impudently : n. the act of flaunt- 
 ing; a boast; brag. 
 
 flav, prefix, occurring in various 
 scientific compound words, meaning 
 yellow. Also flavi, flavo. 
 
 flavor ('ver), n. a particular smell or 
 taste : v.t. to impart a flavor to. 
 
 flavoring (-ing), n. an essence or 
 extract for giving a flavor to any- 
 thing. 
 
 flaw (flaw), n. a blemish; inherent 
 defect ; crack : v.t. to make a flaw 
 in ; crack. 
 
 flax (flaks), n. a plant of the genus 
 Linum, the fiber of which is spun 
 into linen cloth. 
 
 flaxen ('en), adj. resembling, or made 
 of, flax ; of golden color : said of the 
 hair. Also flaxy. 
 
 flaxseed ('sed), n. linseed. 
 
 flay (fla), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flayed, p.pr. 
 flaying], to strip off, skin; torture. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
fle 
 
 fli 
 
 flea (fle), n. a small blood-sucking 
 insect of the genus Pulex, remark- 
 able for its agility and irritating 
 bite. 
 
 fleabane ('ban), n. a plant of the 
 aster family. 
 
 flea-bite ('bit), n. the bite of a flea; 
 the red spot it causes ; a trifling 
 wound or trouble ; a very small 
 quantity. 
 
 fleaking ('king), n. a light covering 
 of reeds under the thatch of a 
 house. 
 
 fleam (flem), n. a lancet for bleeding 
 cattle. 
 
 fleck (flek), n. a streak or spot: v.t. 
 to streak or spot ; variegate. 
 
 flection. Same as flexion. 
 
 fledge (flej), v.i. to acquire the full 
 plumage or feathers necessary for 
 flight. 
 
 fledgling ('ling), n. a young bird 
 just fledged. 
 
 flee (fle), v.t. [p.t. fled, p.pr. fleeing], 
 to run away from ; avoid : v.i. to 
 hasten away from danger ; scatter ; 
 disappear. 
 
 fleece (fles), n. the whole wool shorn 
 from a sheep at one time : v.t. to 
 deprive of the wool or fleece ; strip ; 
 plunder by injustice or fraud ; cover 
 with, or as with, a fleece. 
 
 fleece- wool ('wool), n. wool cut 
 from a living animal. 
 
 fleecy ('i), adj. resembling a fleece; 
 woolly. 
 
 fleer (fler), n. mockery or contempt 
 expressed in words or gesture : v.i. 
 to mock or sneer ; grin contemptu- 
 ously. 
 
 fleering ('ing), p.adj. mocking; scoff- 
 ing: n. the act of mocking or scoff- 
 ing. 
 
 fleet (flet), adj. swift; rapid; nimble: 
 n. a company of warships or mer- 
 chant vessels ; a creek or inlet : v.t. 
 to move or pass rapidly over ; skim. 
 
 fleeting ('ing), p.adj. passing quick- 
 ly. 
 
 flense (flens), v.t. to cut up and strip 
 the blubber from : said of a whale 
 or seal. Also flench, flinch. 
 
 flesh (flesh), n. that part of an ani- 
 mal body underlying the skin, and 
 composed of soft muscular tissue ; 
 animal food ; pulp of fruit, &c. ; the 
 
 body : opposed to soul ; human na- 
 ture or race ; carnal state or ap- 
 petites ; present life ; kindred : adj. 
 resembling flesh in color or ap- 
 pearance : v.t. to satiate or glut. 
 
 fleshings ('ingz), n.pl. flesh-colored 
 tights. 
 
 fleshly ('li), adj. pertaining to the 
 body : corporeal ; human ; carnal ; 
 lascivious : adv. carnally. 
 
 fleshy ('i), adj. [comp. fleshier, 
 superl. fleshiest], full of flesh; 
 plump; corpulent; succulent; gross. 
 
 Fletcherism (fletch'er-izm), n. a 
 poltophagic dietetic method, intro- 
 duced by Horace Fletcher, an Amer- 
 ican, in 1907. 
 
 fleur-de-lis (flo5r-de-le'), n. [pi. 
 fleurs-de-lis], the royal bearing or 
 emblem of France; the name for 
 various species of iris. 
 
 flew, p.t. of fly. 
 
 flexibility (fleks-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being flexible. 
 Also flexibleness. 
 
 flexible ('i-bl), adj. easily bent; pli- 
 ant ; yielding to persuasion. Also 
 flexile. 
 
 flexion (flek'shun), n. the act or pro- 
 cess of bending ; a curve ; in gram- 
 mar, inflection. 
 
 flexor (fleks'er), n. a muscle that 
 acts in bending the joints : opposed 
 to extensor. 
 
 flexure ('ur), n. the act of bending; 
 the part bent ; a curve or fold ; 
 joint. 
 
 flick (flik), n. a light, quick stroke, 
 as with a whip : v.t. to whip lightly. 
 
 flicker ( f er), v.i. to move with an un- 
 steady and quick motion ; flutter 
 with the wings : n. an unsteady 
 light or movement ; the golden- 
 winged woodpecker of North Amer- 
 ica. 
 
 flickering (-ing), n. the state of 
 burning unsteadily. 
 
 flier (fli'er), n. one who flies, or 
 flees ; a fugitive ; that part of a 
 machine that regulates and equalizes 
 motion ; an essay or feeler : pi. a 
 straight flight of steps. 
 
 flies, pi. of fly. 
 
 flight (flit), n. the act, process, man- 
 ner, or power of flying; hasty de- 
 parture; birds flying together, or 
 
 ftte, arm, ask, at, awl : me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; bo5n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
flo 
 
 produced in the same season ; a 
 soaring forth ; extravagant sally ; 
 the distance traveled by a projectile ; 
 a shower or volley ; a series of 
 steps. 
 
 flightily ('i-li), adv. capriciously. 
 
 flightiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being nighty. 
 
 flighty ('i), adj. changeful; capri- 
 cious ; extravagant in fancy ; wild ; 
 giddy. 
 
 flimsily (flim'zi-li), adv. in a flimsy 
 manner. 
 
 flimsiness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being flimsy. 
 
 flimsy ('zi), n. [pi. flimsies ('ziz)], 
 a thin manifold paper, especially 
 that used for making reporting 
 copies ; a bank-note : adj. unsub- 
 stantial ; thin ; weak ; ineffective. 
 
 flinch (flinch), v.i. to shrink or draw 
 back, as from pain, danger, &c. : n. 
 the act of flinching. 
 
 Hinder (flin'der), n. a splinter; frag- 
 ment. 
 
 fling (fling), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flung, 
 p.pr. flinging], to throw or hurl; 
 drive by violence ; scatter ; cast to 
 the ground : v.i. to flounce ; throw 
 out the legs violently : n. the act of 
 throwing or casting ; a sneer or 
 gibe ; kick or leap ; unrestrained 
 pleasure ; dash ; a Highland dance. 
 
 flint (flint), n. a variety of quartz; 
 a flint implement ; anything pro- 
 verbially hard. 
 
 flinty ('0, adj. composed of, or re- 
 sembling, flint ; hard ; obdurate. 
 
 flip (flip), n. a liquor of beer, spirit, 
 sugar, &c. ; a short quick stroke ; a 
 flick : v.t. to jerk with the fingers ; 
 strike with a short quick blow. 
 
 flip-flap (-flap), n. the noise caused 
 by something flapping : adv. with a 
 flapping sound. 
 
 flippancy (flip'an-si), n. pertness ; 
 thoughtless fluency of speech. 
 
 flippant ('ant), adj. characterized 
 by thoughtless levity of speech, or 
 pertness. 
 
 flipper ('er), n. a broad fin, arm, or 
 paddle used in swimming, as that of 
 the whale, seal, or turtle. 
 
 flirt (flert), v.t. move to and fro with 
 a short rapid action ; throw with a 
 
 quick elastic motion : v.i. make love 
 from mere amusement ; coquette : n. 
 a coquette ; a sudden jerk or toss. 
 
 flirtation (fler-ta'shun), n. the act 
 of flirting. 
 
 flirtatious ('shus), n. inclined to 
 flirt. 
 
 flirting ('ting), n. coquetry: adj. co- 
 quettish. 
 
 flit (flit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flitted: 
 p.pr. flitting], to remove (a thing) 
 from one house to another [Scotch] : 
 v.i. to pass lightly and swiftly 
 along ; fly away ; skim ; migrate. 
 
 flitch (flich), n. the side of a hog 
 salted and cured. 
 
 flitter-niouse(flit'er-mous),n. a bat. 
 
 flitting (flit'ing), n. the act of flying 
 or moving lightly and swiftly; a 
 removal. 
 
 flix (fliks,) n. soft fur. 
 
 float (flot), v.t. to cause to rest or be 
 conveyed on the surface of a liquid ; 
 convey without effort or will ; to 
 start, sell, or dispose of; smooth 
 or level plaster with a float : v.i. to 
 be buoyed up on the surface of a 
 liquid or gaseous fluid; move lightly 
 or glide without apparent effort ; 
 drift about : n. anything that floats 
 on the surface of a liquid or buoys 
 up something ; a raft ; the cork or 
 quill used in angling ; a ball-cock ; 
 a plasterer's tool for spreading and 
 smoothing; the water-gauge of a 
 steam-boiler. 
 
 floater ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, floats; a voter not belonging 
 to any particular party. 
 
 floating, p. adj. swimming, or buoyed 
 up, on the surface of a liquid ; free 
 to move about; circulating; not 
 fixed or settled; ready for use: n.~ 
 the act or state of anything that 
 floats. 
 
 11 oc cilia t ion ( flok-sil-a'shun ) , n. the 
 picking of bed-clothes by a delirious 
 patient : regarded as a serious 
 symptom. 
 
 floccose (flok'os), adj. covered with 
 soft hair or wool ; woolly. 
 
 flocculence ('u-lens), n. the state of 
 being flocculent. 
 
 flocculent ('u-lent), adj. woolly. 
 
 flocculus ('u-lus), n. [pi. flocculi 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
flo 
 
 (-11)], a small flake; a small tuft 
 of down or wool-like hair. 
 
 floccus ('us), n. [pi. flocci ('si)], the 
 long tuft of hair which terminates 
 the tail of certain quadrupeds, as 
 the lion ; the down on an unfledged 
 bird. 
 
 flock (flok), n. a company or collec- 
 tion of sheep or birds ; a congrega- 
 tion ; crowd ; a lock of wool ; fibrous 
 material used for stuffing uphol- 
 stery, &c. : v.i. to come together in 
 a flock ; assemble. 
 
 floe (flo), n. a large flat mass of float- 
 ing ice. 
 
 floe-rat ('rat), n. the ringed seal. 
 
 flog (flog), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flogged, 
 p.pr. flogging] , to whip ; chastise ; 
 to lash (the water) with the line in 
 angling. 
 
 flogging ('ing), n. a whipping. 
 
 flood (flud) , n. a great flow of water ; 
 inundation ; the deluge ; high tide ; 
 the sea ; an abundant supply or out- 
 pouring of anything : v.t. to deluge ; 
 inundate ; overflow. 
 
 flood-gate ('gat), n. a gate in a 
 water-way, which when opened al- 
 lows the water to escape when at a 
 certain height. 
 
 flood-tide ('tid), n. the rising tide. 
 
 floor (flor), n. the part of a house, 
 room, &c, on which one treads ; 
 story ; a level suite of rooms ; any 
 smooth or level area ; pavement ; the 
 part of a legislative chamber oc- 
 cupied by the members : v.t. to cover 
 with a floor ; put to silence ; strike 
 down. 
 
 floor age ('aj), n. the area of a floor. 
 
 floorer ('er), n. a knock-down blow; 
 an unanswerable question or argu- 
 ment. 
 
 flooring ('ing), n. materials for 
 floors ; floors collectively ; pavement. 
 
 flop (flop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flopped, 
 p.pr. flopping], to strike frequently; 
 unfold with a jerk : v.i. to plump 
 down ; fall loosely and flatly : n. the 
 sound caused by a soft flat body 
 coming suddenly in contact with the 
 ground : adv. suddenly. 
 
 flora (flo'ra), n. the wild plants of 
 a particular region, district, or geo- 
 logical period ; a description of such 
 plants. 
 
 flo 
 
 floral ('ral), adj. pertaining to, re- 
 sembling, or consisting of, flowers. 
 
 floral envelope (en'vel-6p), n. the 
 corolla and calyx of a flower. 
 
 floran ('ran), n. fine-grained tin ore. 
 
 floreated ('re-a-ted), adj. orna- 
 mented with floral decorations. 
 Also floriated._ 
 
 florescence (flo-res'ens), n. the flow- 
 ering of a plant. 
 
 floret ('ret), n. a little flower. 
 
 floretnm ('re-tum), n. a botanical 
 garden specially devoted to flowers. 
 
 floricnltural (-ri-kul'tur-al), adj. 
 pertaining to floriculture. 
 
 floriculture ('ri-kul-tur), n. the cul- 
 ture of flowers. 
 
 floriculturist ('tur-ist), n. one who 
 is skilled in floriculture. 
 
 florid (flor'id), adj. bright in color; 
 brilliant with decorations ; profuse- 
 ly embellished. 
 
 floridly (-li), adv. in a florid man- 
 ner. 
 
 florin ('in), n. a European silver 
 coin, ranging in value in different 
 countries from 40 to 50 cents. 
 
 florist (flo'rist), n. one who culti- 
 vates flowers for pleasure, or sells 
 them for profit. 
 
 flory-boat (flo'ri-bot), n. a small 
 boat for conveying passengers be- 
 tween a steamboat and the shore at 
 low tide. 
 
 flosh (flosh), n. a receptacle into 
 which ore is put for stamping. 
 
 floss (flos), n. floss-silk; the soft, 
 downy, silken substance in the husks 
 of certain plants ; the slag on the 
 surface of molten iron in a puddling- 
 furnace ; a small stream. 
 
 floss-silk ('silk), n. an inferior un- 
 twisted soft silk. 
 
 flossy ^('i), adj. like floss; downy. 
 
 flotation (flo-ta'shun), n. the act or 
 state of floating ; the science of float- 
 ing bodies. 
 
 flotilla (-til 'a), n. a fleet of small 
 vessels. 
 
 flotsam (flot'sam), n. goods lost in 
 shipwreck, and found floating upon 
 the sea. Also flotson. 
 
 flounce (flouns), n. a narrow piece 
 of cloth sewed to the skirt of a 
 dress or petticoat, with the lower 
 border loose and spreading ; a sud- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
flo 
 
 den jerk or movement of the body, 
 indicative of impatience : v.t. to fur- 
 nish or trim with flounces : v.i. to 
 throw about the limbs and body. 
 
 flouncing ('ing), n. material' for 
 flounces. 
 
 flounder (floun'der), v.i. to strug- 
 gle, roll, or proceed with difficulty, 
 as an animal in the mire : n. a flat 
 sea-fish ; a bootmaker's tool. 
 
 flour (flour), n. the fine meal of 
 ground wheat ; a fine soft powder : 
 v.t. to sprinkle flour upon. 
 
 flourish (flur'ish), v.i. to prosper or 
 thrive ; be vigorous ; be copious or 
 flowery in language ; embellish : v.t. 
 swing about or brandish ; give flour- 
 ishes to : n. a figure formed by lines 
 or strokes fancifully drawn ; the act 
 of brandishing ; a musical passage 
 intended only for display ; ostenta- 
 tious parade. 
 
 flourishing: (-ing), p.adj. prosper- 
 ous ; thriving ; vigorous ; ostenta- 
 tious. 
 
 floury (flour'i), adj. resembling, con- 
 sisting of, or covered with, flour. 
 
 flout (flout), v.t. to insult; treat 
 contemptuously ; jeer : v.i. to scoff ; 
 sneer : n. an insult ; scoff. 
 
 flow (flo), v.i. to run or spread, as 
 water ; circulate ; glide ; rise, as the 
 tide ; melt ; issue forth : v.t. to over- 
 flow or inundate : n. a current or 
 stream ; copiousness ; the rise of the 
 tide. 
 
 flower (flou'er), n. that part of a 
 plant which contains the reproduc- 
 tive organs ; blossom ; the best, or 
 choicest, part of anything ; the 
 prime; a figure or ornamental ex- 
 pression : pi. a light powdery sub- 
 stance obtained by sublimation : v.i. 
 to put forth flowers ; blossom or 
 bloom : v.t. ornament or cover with 
 flowers. 
 
 floweret (-et), n. a little flower. 
 
 flowering-fern ('er-ing-fern), n. 
 the Osmunda regalis. 
 
 flowery ('er-i), adj. abounding, or 
 adorned, with flowers ; highly figu- 
 rative or embellished. 
 
 flowing (flo'ing), p.adj. moving, or 
 pouring forth, as a stream ; copious ; 
 fluent ; hanging loosely or swaying. 
 
 flown, p.p. of fly. 
 
 fluctuate (fluk'tu-at), v.i. to roll to 
 and fro, as a wave; undulate; rise 
 and fall ; be irresolute or wavering. 
 
 flue (flu), n. a pipe or passage to con- 
 vey away smoke, hot air, &c. ; soft 
 downy matter ; fluff. 
 
 fluency (flu'en-si), n. the quality of 
 being fluent. 
 
 fluent Cent), adj. possessing readi- 
 ness and ease of speech; voluble; 
 eloquent. 
 
 fluey ('i), adj. like flue; fluffy. 
 
 fluff (fluf ), n. light down or fur nap : 
 v.t. to spread out, as feathers : n. sl 
 flash. 
 
 flufliness ('nes), n. the quality of be- 
 ing fluffy. 
 
 fluffy ('i), adj. consisting of, or cov- 
 ered with, fluff ; feathery. 
 
 fluid (flu'id), adj. liquid or gaseous: 
 n. a substance the particles of which 
 are readily separable. 
 
 fluidity (-id'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being fluid. 
 
 fluke (fluk), n. the broad part of an 
 anchor which is fixed into the 
 ground ; a flounder ; a parasitic dis- 
 ease in sheep ; a variety of potato ; 
 one of the two lobes of a whale's 
 tail ; a lucky stroke in billiards : v.i. 
 to score by a lucky stroke ; use the 
 flukes in swimming : said of a 
 whale. 
 
 fluky ('i), adj. like a fluke; obtained 
 by chance. 
 
 flume (flum), n. a channel for the 
 conveyance of water. 
 
 flummery ( flum'er-i ) , n. a jelly made 
 of flour ; blanc-mange ; insipidity ; 
 humbug. 
 
 flung, p.t. & p.p. of fling. 
 
 flunk (flungk), n. a complete failure: 
 v.i. to fail completely ; retire through 
 fear. 
 
 flunky CO, n. [pi. flunkies ('iz)], a 
 liveried servant ; a toady ; snob ; a 
 foolish incautious speculator. Also 
 flunkey. 
 
 flunkyism ('i-izm), n. the character- 
 istics of a flunky. Also flunkeyism. 
 
 fluoresce ( floo-o-res' ) , v.i. to exhibit 
 fluorescence. 
 
 fluorescence ('ens), n. the quality 
 existing in certain transparent 
 bodies of giving off under the action 
 of light a color differing from their 
 
 ate, firm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
flu 
 
 own ; the property possessed by cer- 
 tain substances of becoming lumi- 
 nous when exposed to X-rays or oth- 
 er forms of radiant energy. 
 
 fluorescent ('ent), adj. pertaining 
 to fluorescence ; possessing the ca- 
 pacity of fluorescing. 
 
 fluoric (-or'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 obtained from, fluorine. 
 
 fluoride ('o-rid), n. a compound of 
 fluorine with a metallic base. 
 
 fluorine ('o-rin), n. an elementary 
 gaseous body allied to chlorine. 
 
 fluoroscope (floo'er-o-skop), n. a de- 
 vice for use in making X-ray ex- 
 aminations on a screen covered with 
 fluorescent material. 
 
 fluor-spar ('er-spar), n. a trans- 
 parent or semi-transparent mineral, 
 composed of fluoride of calcium. 
 Also fluorite. 
 
 flurry (flur'i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flur- 
 ried, p.pr. flurrying], to agitate, 
 confuse, or bewilder : n. sudden com- 
 motion or excitement ; hurry ; a sud- 
 den gust. 
 
 flush (flush), v.t. to cause to blush; 
 excite ; clean out with a rush of 
 water ; drive from cover : said of 
 game birds : v.i. to blush ; glow : 
 n. a sudden rush of water ; flow 
 of blood to the face ; sudden ex- 
 citement or impulse ; a flock of 
 game birds suddenly started ; abun- 
 dance ; bloom ; growth ; a hand of 
 cards all of the same suit : said of 
 cribbage ; a bog or morass : adj. level 
 with the surface ; quite full ; abun- 
 dant ; plentifully supplied with mon- 
 ey ; vigorous : adv. so as to be level. 
 
 flush deck (dek) , n. a deck level from 
 stem to stern. 
 
 flushing ('ing), n. the act of cleans- 
 ing out by a copious flow of water ; 
 a glow of red in the face. 
 
 fluster (flus'ter), v.t. to confuse or 
 agitate ; hurry : n. agitation or con- 
 fusion ; excitement. 
 
 flute (flut), n. a tubular wind-instru- 
 ment furnished with finger-holes and 
 keys ; a long channel or groove cut 
 in the shaft of a column ; crimping 
 or furrowing : v.t. to sound as a 
 flute ; form parallel grooves or chan- 
 nel in ; crimp or furrow. 
 
 flutina (-te'na), a kind of accordion. 
 
 fluting (flu'ting), n. a channel or 
 groove ; fluted work ; a flute-shaped 
 crimp. 
 
 flutist ('tist), n. a performer on the 
 flute. 
 
 flutter (flut'er), v.i. to move or flap 
 the wings rapidly ; move rapidly and 
 irregularly ; be in agitation or un- 
 certainty : v.t. to throw into con- 
 fusion : n. a quick and irregular mo- 
 tion ; vibration ; state of excitement 
 or anxiety. 
 
 flutter- wheel (-hwel), n. a water- 
 wheel connected with a chute. 
 
 fluty (flu'ti), adj. flute-like in tone. 
 
 fluvial ( flu'vi-al ) , adj. pertaining to, 
 growing or living in, or caused by, 
 rivers. Also fluvatile. 
 
 flux (fluks), n. any flow or issue of 
 matter ; flow of the tide ; a substance 
 added to assist in the reduction of a 
 metal by fusion : v.t. to melt or fuse. 
 
 fluxion (fluk'shun), n. the act of 
 flowing or melting ; matter that 
 flows : pi. in mathematics, the analy- 
 sis of infinitely small variable quan- 
 tities. 
 
 fly (fli), v.i. [p.t. flew, p.p. flown, p.pr. 
 flying], to move through, or rise in, 
 the air with wings ; pass swiftly ; be 
 driven through the air ; move rapid- 
 ly ; run away ; part with violence ; 
 burst ; fade : v.t. to avoid or shun ; 
 cause to fly or float in the air ; flut- 
 ter : n. [pi. flies (fliz)], a two- 
 winged insect of many species, in- 
 cluding the house-fly, Musca domes- 
 tica ; an artificial fly used in an- 
 gling ; a disease in turnips ; a hack- 
 ney carriage : adj. wide awake. 
 
 flyblow ('bio), n. the egg or larva 
 of a fly : v.t. & v.i. [p.p. flyblown, 
 p.pr. flyblowing], to lay eggs in 
 meat, &c, and taint it. 
 
 flying ('ing), n. the action of the 
 verb to fly: p. adj. adapted for flight ; 
 floating ; waving ; brief, or hurried. 
 
 flying-bridge (-brij), n. a tempo- 
 rary bridge. 
 
 flying-buttress (-but'res), n. an 
 arched brace for strengthening and 
 supporting a part of a building 
 which rises above the rest. 
 
 flying-fish (-fish), n. a fish with long 
 pectoral fins, which has the power 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Men. 
 
fly 
 
 of sustaining itself in the air for a 
 short time. 
 
 flying- jib (-jib), n. a sail beyond the 
 jib. 
 
 fly-wheel (fll'hwel), n. a heavy 
 wheel in a machine which regulates 
 its motion. 
 
 foal (fol), n. the young of a horse, 
 ass, or camel : v.i. to bring forth 
 young: said of a mare, &c. 
 
 foam (fom), n. the white substance 
 formed on a liquid by violent agita- 
 tion or fermentation ; spume : v.t. to 
 cause to foam : v.i. to gather foam ; 
 be enraged; froth. 
 
 fob (fob), n. a small pocket, especial- 
 ly for a watch : v.t. to cheat. 
 
 focal (fo'kal), adj. pertaining to, or 
 placed at, a focus. 
 
 focal distance (dis'tans), n. the dis- 
 tance between the optical center of 
 a lens or mirror and the point where 
 the rays converge. 
 
 focus (fo'kus), n. [pi. focuses (-ez), 
 foci ('si)], the point where a sys- 
 tem of rays of light or heat meet 
 after being reflected or refracted; 
 any central point: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 focused, p.pr. focusing], to bring to 
 a focus or center. Also focalize 
 
 Hz). 
 
 fodder (fod'er), n. food for horses, 
 cattle, or sheep ; a weight for lead = 
 21 cwt. (Also f other) : v.t. to feed 
 with fodder. 
 
 foe (fo), n. a personal enemy; ill- 
 wisher ; an adversary in war. 
 
 foebn (fon), n. a warm, dry, Alpine 
 wind, prevalent in Switzerland. 
 
 foeman (fo'man), n. [pi. foemen 
 ( 'men ) ] , an adversary in war. 
 
 festal (fe'tal), adj. pertaining to the 
 foetus. 
 
 foeticide ('ti-sid), n. the destruction 
 of a foetus in the womb ; criminal 
 abortion. 
 
 foetus ('tus), n. the young of vivipa- 
 rous animals in the uterus. 
 
 fog (fog), n. condensed watery vapor 
 near the surface of the sea or land ; 
 bewilderment; a cloud or haze ob- 
 scuring a photographic plate ; the 
 after-grass of autumn; winter pas- 
 ture: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. fogged, p.pr. 
 fogging], to become foggy. 
 
 fol 
 
 fog-bank ('bangk), n. a dense mass 
 of fog at sea, appearing like land in 
 the distance. 
 
 foggily (fog'i-li), adv. in a foggy 
 manner ; dimly. 
 
 fogginess ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing foggy. 
 
 foggy ('i), adj. abounding in, or filled 
 with, fog; bewildered; obscure; ob- 
 tuse. 
 
 fogy (fo'gi), n. [pi. fogies ('giz)], 
 a person of old-fashioned or eccen- 
 tric habits. Also fogey, fogie. 
 
 fohat (fo'at), n. a term used in oc- 
 cultism to denote the connecting- 
 link between mind and matter. 
 
 foible (foi'bl), n. a failing or imper- 
 fection in character ; the weakest 
 part of the blade in a sword. 
 
 foil (foil), v.t. to baffle or frustrate; 
 defeat : n. a long thin fencing weap- 
 on with a button on the end ; the 
 trail of hunted game; a thin plate, 
 or sheet of metal ; a contrast to set 
 something off to advantage ; a small 
 arc in the tracery of a Gothic win- 
 dow, &c. 
 
 foist (foist), v.t. to place in wrong- 
 fully or surreptitiously; palm off 
 slyly (with in, into, upon). 
 
 fold (fold), v.t. to bend one part over 
 another ; inclose ; wrap up ; shut up 
 in a pen or fold : n. a part bent or 
 doubled over another ; a plait ; a pen 
 for sheep ; a bend of a stratum ; 
 flock of sheep ; the Church. 
 
 folder ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, folds ; a name for various in- 
 struments or contrivances for fold- 
 ing. 
 
 folderol (fol'de-rol), n. mere non- 
 sense; an idle fancy or conceit; a 
 silly trifle. 
 
 folding ('ing), n. the act or process 
 of doubling one part over another. 
 
 folding-doors (-dorz), n.pl. a pair 
 of doors hung on opposite side-posts 
 and meeting in the middle. 
 
 foliaceous (fo'li-a'shus), adj. resem- 
 bling, shaped like, or having, leaves ; 
 consisting of thin plates or laminae. 
 
 foliage ('li-aj), n. leaves collective- 
 ly ; the artistic representation of 
 leaves, flowers, &c, as in archi- 
 tectural decoration. 
 
 foliated ('li-a-ted), p.adj. beaten, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fol 
 
 formed into, or covered with, thin 
 plates; splitting into laminae; deco- 
 rated with leaf-like ornamentation. 
 
 foliation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
 leafing ; the act or process of beating 
 a metal into thin plates; lamina- 
 tion : said of a mineral ; the number 
 of the leaves of a book. 
 
 folio (fo'li-6), n. a book of the larg- 
 est size formed by folding a sheet of 
 paper once ; a page of MS. or print- 
 ed matter ; the right and left hand 
 pages of a ledger, &c. : in legal doc- 
 uments 72 words of MS., 100 words 
 in congressional proceedings ; a case 
 for music, &c. : adj. having a sheet 
 of paper folded once : v.t . to page. 
 
 foliole (fo'li-ol), n. a leaflet. 
 
 f oliose ( 'li-os) , adj. resembling a leaf ; 
 covered with leaves. 
 
 folk (folk or fok), n. people in gen- 
 eral ; nation or race ; one's relatives. 
 
 folk-lore ('lor), n. popular tradi- 
 tions, customs, beliefs, &c. 
 
 folk-song ('song), n. a popular song 
 or ballad, illustrative of the common 
 life of the people. 
 
 follia (fol-le'a), n. a kind of musical 
 composition consisting of varieties 
 on a given air. 
 
 follicle (fol'i-kl), n. a seed-vessel; 
 a very small tube or cavity ; a sim- 
 ple gland. 
 
 follicular (-ik'u-lar), adj. like a fol- 
 licle. 
 
 follow (fol'6), v.t. to go or come 
 after ; pursue ; succeed in order ; ac- 
 company ; attend ; espouse the opin- 
 ions or cause of ; imitate or conform 
 to ; watch or attend to closely ; to 
 practice : v.i. to go or come after an- 
 other ; result : n. a particular stroke 
 in billiards or croquet. 
 
 follower (-er), n. one who follows 
 another ; a disciple, attendant, or 
 dependent; one of the same sect or 
 party ; a maidservant's sweetheart. 
 
 following ('o-ing), adj. succeeding: 
 n. vocation or calling; disciples or 
 adherents collectively. 
 
 folly (fol'i). n. [pi. follies ('iz)L 
 want of understanding ; foolishness ; 
 unbecoming conduct ; criminal weak- 
 ness ; sin. 
 
 foment (fo-menf), v.t. to bathe with 
 
 foo 
 
 warm or medicated liquids ; excite ; 
 stir up or instigate. ■ 
 
 fomentation (-men-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of fomenting; warm or medi- 
 cated liquids applied to a diseased 
 part; incitement. 
 
 fomes (fo'mez), n. [pi. fomites ('mi- 
 tez)], a porous substance, as wool, 
 &c, capable of retaining germs, and 
 thus communicating contagion. 
 
 fond ( fond ) , adj. affectionate ; lov- 
 ing; ardently attached or devoted; 
 partial to; injudiciously, foolishly 
 indulgent (with of). 
 
 fondle (fon'dl), v.t. to caress; treat 
 with tenderness ; handle tenderly : 
 v.t. to exhibit fondness. 
 
 fondling ('dling), n. one who, or that 
 which, is fondled. 
 
 fondu (fong-doo'), adj. in calico 
 printing and paper hangings, the 
 gradual blending of one color into 
 another. 
 
 font (font), n. a stone receptacle to 
 hold the water used in baptizing; a 
 complete assortment of a particular 
 kind of type. 
 
 fontal ('al), adj. pertaining to a 
 font. 
 
 fontanel (fon'ta-nel), n. one of the 
 six open spaces in the skull of an 
 infant ; a seton. 
 
 food (food), n. nutriment; material. 
 
 fool (fool), n. a person devoid of rea- 
 son or intelligence ; idiot ; one who 
 acts in a foolish manner ; a victim 
 or butt ; a compound of crushed 
 gooseberries with cream : v.t . to make 
 a fool of; treat with contempt; dis- 
 appoint. 
 
 foolery ('er-i) , n. [pi. fooleries (-iz) ], 
 habitual folly; absurd conduct or 
 action. 
 
 foolkardiness ('har-di-nes), n. a 
 courage without sense. 
 
 foolhardy ('har-di), adj. foolishly 
 bold ; daringly rash ; regardless of 
 consequences. 
 
 fooling ('ing), n. foolish speech or 
 conduct; buffoonery; banter; idle 
 interference. 
 
 foolish ('ish), adj. acting without 
 reason or judgment ; weak-minded ; 
 silly ; ridiculous ; trifling ; contempt- 
 ible. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
foo 
 
 for 
 
 foolishly (-li), adj. in a foolish man- 
 ner. 
 
 foolishness (-nes), n. folly. 
 
 foolscap (foolz'kap), n. a size of pa- 
 per about 17 in. X 14 in. : original- 
 ly water-marked with the cap and 
 bells formerly worn by professional 
 jesters. 
 
 foot (foot), n. [pi. feet (fet)], that 
 part of the leg on which an animal 
 walks or stands; the lower part, 
 base, foundation, or end of any- 
 thing; that part of a boot or stock- 
 ing which receives the foot ; a meas- 
 ure = 12 in. ; infantry soldiers ; a 
 certain number of syllables consti- 
 tuting part of a verse : v.t . to add a 
 foot to, as a stocking ; add fig- 
 ures in a column, and place the total 
 at the bottom : v.i. to dance ; go on 
 foot. 
 
 football ('bawl), n. a large india- 
 rubber ball encased in leather, used 
 in the game of football. 
 
 footing ('ing), n. ground or support 
 for the feet ; tread ; a firm or as- 
 sured position ; dance ; an entertain- 
 ment given by a new employe, &c, 
 to his fellow workmen ; state or con- 
 dition. 
 
 footman ('man) , n. [pi. footmen 
 ( 'men ) ] , a livery servant who at- 
 tends a carriage, waits at table, &c. 
 
 footpad ('pad), n. a highwayman 
 who robs on foot. 
 
 foot-pound ('pound), n. the unit of 
 energy = work required to raise 1 
 lb. through a space of 1 ft. 
 
 foots (footz), n.pl. the sediment of 
 oil or sugar. 
 
 fop (fop), ». a dandy; pretentious 
 fool. 
 
 foppery ('er-i), n. [pi. fopperies 
 (-iz) ], dandyism. 
 
 foppish ('ish), adj. affected in dress 
 and manners. 
 
 for (for), prep, in place of; on ac- 
 count of; for the sake of; notwith- 
 standing; to the number or amount 
 of : con}, because ; since : prefix, 
 meaning thoroughly, before, greatly, 
 with a privative, or negative force. 
 
 forage (for'aj), n. food for horses 
 and cattle ; a search for provisions : 
 v.i. to wander about in search of 
 
 provisions: v.t. to supply with for- 
 age. 
 
 foraging (-ing), n. the act of search- 
 ing for forage. 
 
 foramen (fo-ra'men), n. [pi. foram- 
 ina (ram'i-na)], a short passage or 
 or opening, as in a bone, or ovule. 
 
 foraminated (-ram'i-na'ted), adj. 
 furnished with small holes or fo- 
 ramina. Also foraminate. 
 
 foray (for'a), n. a predatory expedi- 
 tion in border warfare : v.t. to plun- 
 der or ravage. 
 
 forbade, p.t. of forbid. 
 
 forbear (-bar'), v.t. [p.t. forbore, 
 p.p. forborne, p.pr. forbearing], to 
 abstain from ; excuse ; spare : v.i. to 
 restrain one's self ; be patient : n. an 
 ancestor. Also forebear. [Scotch.] 
 
 forbearance Cans), n. patience; in- 
 dulgence ; self-command. 
 
 forbid (-bid'), v.t. [p.t. forbade, p.p. 
 forbidden, forbid, p.pr. forbidding], 
 to prohibit ; command not to do ; op- 
 pose. 
 
 forbidding ('ing), p.adj. repellent; 
 disagreeable. 
 
 force (fors), n. active power; vigor; 
 strength; energy; violence; power 
 to persuade or convince ; validity ; 
 legality ; efficacy ; meaning ; troops ; 
 armanent; a trained or organized 
 body ; unlawful violence to property 
 or person ; any cause that produces, 
 or tends to produce, motion, or a 
 change of motion, in a body ; a wa- 
 terfall : v.t. to compel ; overpower 
 by strength ; impel ; push ; press ; 
 strain ; cause to grow or ripen by 
 artificial means : v.i. to endeavor. 
 
 forced (forst), p.adj. strained; af- 
 fected. 
 
 forcemeat (fors'met) , n. meat 
 chopped fine and seasoned. 
 
 forceps (for'seps), n. pincers or pli- 
 ers for seizing and extracting any- 
 thing. 
 
 forcible (for'si-bl), adj. character- 
 ized by mental or physical power ; 
 vigorous ; violent. 
 
 forcibly ('si-bli), adv. in a forcible 
 manner ; vigorously ; violently. 
 
 ford (ford), n. a shallow part of a 
 stream, &c, which can be crossed by 
 men or animals : v.t . to wade 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
for 
 
 for 
 
 through, or pass over without swim- 
 ming. 
 
 fore, a prefix meaning before, in front, 
 much used in composition : its mean- 
 ing is usually self-evident. 
 
 fore and aft (aft), the entire length 
 of a ship. 
 
 forearm (for'arm), n. the arm be- 
 tween the wrist and elbow : v.t. to 
 prepare for attack or resistance be- 
 fore the time of need. 
 
 forebear. See under forbear. 
 
 forebode (-bod'), v.t. to presage, es- 
 pecially evil ; feel a presentiment 
 of: v.i. to foretell (evil). 
 
 forebow ('bo), n. the pommel of a 
 saddle. 
 
 forecast ('kast), n. a previous con- 
 trivance ; foresight ; prediction of the 
 weather: v.t. (for-kasf), to plan or 
 calculate beforehand ; foresee ; pre- 
 dict. 
 
 forecastle (fok'sl), n. the part of a 
 vessel forward of the foremost, where 
 the seamen take their meals and 
 sleep. 
 
 foreclose (for-kloz'), v.t. to cut off 
 from the right of redemption : said 
 of a mortgage. 
 
 forefather ('fa^-er), n. a male an- 
 cestor. 
 
 Forefather's Day ('fa-£7ierz da), n. 
 Dec. 21, the day when the Pilgrim 
 Fathers landed at Plymouth, Mass., 
 1620 : observed as an anniversary in 
 New England, &c. 
 
 foregather (-ga,th'ev), v.i. to assem- 
 ble; associate (with with). 
 
 forego (-go'), v.t. [p.t. forewent, p.p. 
 foregone, p.pr. foregoing], to re- 
 nounce or refrain from ; give up : 
 v.t. precede. 
 
 forehead (for'ed), n. that part of the 
 face between the eyes and the hair ; 
 brow. 
 
 foreign (for'en), adj. belonging to 
 another nation or country ; alien ; 
 exotic ; extraneous ; remote. 
 
 forel ('el), n. a kind of parchment 
 used for covers of books. 
 
 foreland (for'land), n. point of land 
 projecting into the sea ; headland. 
 
 forelock ('lok), n. a lock of hair 
 growing on the forehead ; a linchpin. 
 
 foreman ('man), n. [pi. foremen 
 
 ('men)], the spokesman of a jury; 
 an overseer. 
 
 foremost ('most), adj. chief; first. 
 
 forensic (fo-ren'sik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or used in, courts of justice or 
 public debate. 
 
 forensic medicine (med'i-sin), n. 
 medical jurisprudence. 
 
 forereach (for-rech'), v.t. to gain 
 upon : v.i. to forge ahead in stays : 
 said of a vessel. 
 
 forerun (-run'), v.t. [p.t. foreran, 
 p.p. forerun, p.pr. forerunning], to 
 run before ; precede ; announce. 
 
 forerunner ('er), n. a messenger 
 sent before ; herald ; something that 
 precedes a person or event. 
 
 foresail ('sal), n. a large square sail, 
 the principal one on the foremast. 
 
 foreshore ('shor), n. that part of a 
 beach or shore situated between the 
 high and low water marks. 
 
 foreshorten (-short'n), v.t. to depict 
 (figures as they appear to the eye 
 when viewed obliquely) so as to 
 convey the impression of full length. 
 
 foreskin ('skin), n. the prepuce. 
 
 forespeech ('spech), n. a preface. 
 
 forest (for'est), n. a large extent of 
 ground covered with trees ; wood- 
 land ; an uncultivated tract of land, 
 more or less covered with trees and 
 undergrowth : adj. pertaining to a 
 forest ; rustic ; sylvan : v.t. to cover 
 with trees or forest. 
 
 forestall (-stawl'), v.t. to be before- 
 hand with; anticipate; buy up in 
 advance. 
 
 forestay ('sta), n. a strong rope 
 reaching from the foremast-head to 
 the bow of a vessel to strengthen 
 the foremast. 
 
 forester (for'est-er), n. one skilled 
 in forestry, or an officer who has 
 charge of a forest ; an inhabitant of 
 a forest or wild region. 
 
 forestry ('est-ri), n. the art of cul- 
 tivating forests or managing timber. 
 
 foretop (for'top), n. the platform at 
 the head of a foremast. 
 
 foretopmast (-mast), n. the mast 
 immediately above the foremast. 
 
 fore wind ('wind), n. a favorable 
 wind. 
 
 forfeit (for'fit), n. a fine or penalty: 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; . boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
for 
 
 v.t. to lose (some position, right, or 
 advantage) by breach of conditions, 
 omission, or conduct : adj. alienated 
 or lost. 
 
 forfeiture ('fi-tur), n. the act of for- 
 feiting ; that which is forfeited ; pen- 
 alty. 
 
 for fend (-fend'), v.t. to ward off. 
 
 forgave, p.t. of forgive. 
 
 forge (forj and f6rj), v.t. to fashion 
 (a piece of metal) by heating and 
 hammering ; form into shape ; in- 
 vent ; counterfeit, with intent to de- 
 fraud; impel forward: v.i. to be 
 guilty of the crime of forgery ; go 
 slowly or with difficulty : n. an open 
 fire in which a blacksmith heats 
 irons by forced draught, and fash- 
 ions the metal while hot ; a place 
 where metal is forged; smithy; 
 workshop. 
 
 forgeable ('a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being forged. 
 
 forger ('er), n. one who commits the 
 crime of forgery ; a fabricator. 
 
 forgery (-i), n. the act of counter- 
 feiting the handwriting of another 
 with intent to defraud; the act of 
 counterfeiting coin. 
 
 forget (for-gef), v.t. [p.t. forgot: 
 p.p. forgotten, p.pr. forgetting], to 
 lose the remembrance of; overlook 
 or neglect ; slight. 
 
 forgetable ('a-bl), adj. liable to be 
 forgotten. 
 
 forgetful ('fool), adj. apt to forget; 
 careless ; negligent ; heedless. 
 
 forgetfully (-li), adv. in a forgetful 
 manner. 
 
 forgetfulness (-nes), n. the quality 
 of being forgetful; loss of remem- 
 brance ; neglect. 
 
 forget-me-not ('me-not), n. a per- 
 ennial plant with small bright sky- 
 blue flowers. 
 
 forgivable (-giv'a-bl), adj. that may 
 be forgiven. 
 
 forgive (-giv'), v.t. [p.t. forgave, p.p. 
 forgiven, p.pr. forgiving], to par- 
 don ; remit, as a sin, offense, debt, 
 &c. : v.i. to exhibit forgiveness. 
 
 forgiveness ('nes), n. pardon; re- 
 mission. 
 
 forgotten, p.p. of forget. 
 
 fork (fork), n. an instrument with 
 two or more prongs ; anything re- 
 
 for 
 
 sembling, or branching like, a fork ; 
 the branch or space caused by the 
 junction of two roads or rivers : v.t. 
 to raise, throw, or dig with a fork ; 
 steal : v.i. to branch off. 
 
 forked (forkt), adj. shaped like a 
 fork; opening into two or more 
 parts ; zigzag, as lightning. 
 
 forlorn (-lorn'), adj. abandoned; de- 
 serted ; destitute ; miserable ; bereft ; 
 
 forlorn-hope (-hop), n. a body of 
 men detached for some service of ex- 
 ceptional peril ; a hopeless enter- 
 prise. 
 
 form (form), n. the external appear- 
 ance or shape of anything ; image ; 
 likeness ; orderly arrangement ; beau- 
 ty ; symmetry ; determinate shape or 
 structure ; established practice, or 
 ritual ; a mold or pattern ; an offi- 
 cial formula ; a long bench without 
 a back ; a class ; state of high con- 
 dition or fitness ; the bed or seat of 
 a hare ; types, plates, &c, imposed in 
 a chase ready for printing (forme) : 
 v.t . to give shape to ; create ; mold 
 to a particular pattern ; conceive or 
 imagine; constitute; devise; adjust: 
 v.i. to take shape. 
 
 formal ('al), adj. according to form 
 or established rules ; precise ; cere- 
 monious ; conventional ; essential ; 
 having the outward form without 
 the inward reality. 
 
 formaldehyde ( f or m-al 'de-hid), n. a 
 gas obtained by the partial oxida- 
 tion of methyl alcohol, used largely 
 as a disinfectant and as an anti- 
 septic. 
 
 formalin (form'al-in), n. a 40 per 
 cent solution of formaldehyde, used 
 for preserving specimens for biolog- 
 ical work. Also formol. 
 
 formalism (-izm), n. exact and scru- 
 pulous observance of outward forms 
 and conventional usages, especially 
 in religious duties. 
 
 formalist (-ist), n. a scrupulous ob- 
 server of outward forms. 
 
 formality ('i-ti), n. [pi. formalities 
 (-tiz)], strict adherence to external 
 or customary forms ; ceremony ; 
 method or mode. 
 
 formally (-li), adv. in a formal man- 
 ner. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
for 
 
 formate (for'mat), n. a salt of for- 
 mic acid. 
 
 formation (-ma/shun), n. the act of 
 forming ; that which is formed ; 
 structure ; figure ; production ; a 
 group of strata of nearly the same 
 age having certain common charac- 
 teristics. 
 
 formative ('ma-tiv), adj. giving or 
 serving to form ; plastic ; germinal : 
 n. a word formed by adding a pre- 
 fix, or suffix. 
 
 former ( 'mer ) , adj. preceding in time 
 or place ; first mentioned : n. a mak- 
 er ; author. 
 
 formerly (-li), adv. anciently; some 
 time ago. 
 
 formic ('mik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 produced by, ants ; derived from 
 formic acid. 
 
 formic acid (as'id), n. a colorless 
 corrosive acid consisting of oxygen, 
 hydrogen, and carbon, obtained from 
 oxalic acid and glycerine : originally 
 obtained from the bodies of red ants. 
 
 formicant ('mi-kant), adj. weak: 
 said of the pulse. 
 
 formication (-mi-ka'shun), n. irri- 
 tation of the skin, resembling that 
 made by the creeping of ants. 
 
 formidable ( 'mid-a-bl ) , adj. exciting 
 dread ; fearful ; powerful. 
 
 formidably (-li), adv. in a formid- 
 able manner. 
 
 formula ('u-la), n. [pi. formulas 
 (-laz), formulae (-le)], a prescribed 
 form, rule, or model ; a group of 
 symbols, expressing the composition 
 of a chemical compound ; a formal 
 statement of faith or doctrine ; a 
 prescription ; the expression of a 
 rule by algebraic symbols. 
 
 formulary (-ri), n. [pi. formularies 
 (-riz)], a book of stated and pre- 
 scribed forms, or of prayers, ritual, 
 &c. ; a formula. 
 
 formulate ('u-lat), v.t. to put into 
 the form of, or reduce to, a formula ; 
 fix or state, in definite terms. 
 
 f ormyl ( 'il ) , n. the hypothetical base 
 of formic acid. 
 
 fornicate (forn'i-kat), vA. to com- 
 mit fornication : adj. arched ; vaulted. 
 
 fornication (-i-ka'shun), n. the illic- 
 it sexual intercourse of unmarried 
 
 for 
 
 persons ; adultery ; idolatry ; an 
 arching or vaulting. 
 
 fornix _ (for'niks), n. [pi. fornices 
 ('ni-sez)J, in anatomy, an arch- 
 shaped part ; the upper shell of an 
 oyster. 
 
 forsake (-sak'), v.t. [p.t. forsook, p.p. 
 forsaken, p.pr. forsaking], to leave; 
 desert ; abandon ; depart from. 
 
 forsooth (-sooth'), adv. verily; in 
 truth. 
 
 forswear (-swar'), v.i. [p.t. forswore, 
 p.p. forsworn, p.pr. forswearing], to 
 swear falsely ; commit perjury : v.t. 
 to deny on oath ; abjure. 
 
 fort (fort), n. an inclosed fortified 
 place ; castle ; fortress. 
 
 fortalice ('a-lis), n. a small fort, or 
 fortified outwork. 
 
 forte (fort), n. one's strong point, or 
 special talent. 
 
 forth (forth), adv. onward in time, 
 place, or order ; forward ; abroad ; 
 away. 
 
 forthcoming (-kum'ing), adj. ready, 
 or about to appear : n. a coming 
 forth. 
 
 forthwith (-wi^), adv. immediately. 
 
 fortieth (for'ti-eth), adj. next in or- 
 der after 39th: n. one of 40 equal 
 parts. 
 
 fortification (-ti-f i-ka'shun), n. the 
 art or science of fortifying; a mili- 
 tary defensive work ; a strengthen- 
 ing. 
 
 fortifier ('ti-fl-er), n. one who forti- 
 fies. 
 
 fortify ('ti-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. forti- 
 fied, p.pr. fortifying], to strengthen 
 against attack by military works ; 
 make strong ; encourage or confirm : 
 v.i. to erect works of defense. 
 
 fortitude ('ti-tud), n. mental strength 
 to endure suffering or adversity with 
 courage ; patient endurance. 
 
 fortnight (fort'nlt), n. 14 days. 
 
 fortnightly (-li), adv. once every 14 
 days. 
 
 fortress ('res), n. a large permanent 
 fortified place for defense or secur- 
 ity ; castle. 
 
 fortuitous (-tu'i-tus), adj. happen- 
 ing by chance ; accidental. 
 
 fortuity ('i-ti), n x [pi. fortuities 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
for 
 
 fou 
 
 (-tiz)], an accidental occurrence; 
 chance. 
 
 fortunate ('tu-nat), adj. happening 
 by good fortune ; lucky ; auspicious ; 
 successful. 
 
 fortunately (-li), adv. luckily; au- 
 spiciously. 
 
 fortune ('tun), n. the good or ill 
 that happens to mankind ; chance ; 
 fate ; estate ; wealth ; possessions ; 
 future destiny. 
 
 fortune-hunter (-hun'ter), n. one 
 who seeks to marry an heiress, or 
 wealthy woman. 
 
 forty ( 'ti ) , adj. one more than 39 : n. 
 the sum of 10 and 30. 
 
 forum (for'um), n. [pi. fora ('a), 
 forums ('umz)J, the public place of 
 meeting in ancient Rome, where the 
 law courts, public offices, &c, were 
 situated : hence a place of public re- 
 sort, or court of law. 
 
 forward ( f or'werd ) , adv. onward ; in 
 advance ; toward the forepart : adj. 
 situated near the front ; early in sea- 
 son or preparation ; ready ; prompt ; 
 presumptuous ; unreserved ; not over 
 modest ; eager ; earnest ; imperti- 
 nent : inter j. on ! v.t. to help for- 
 ward ; quicken or hasten ; improve ; 
 transmit. 
 
 forwardness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being forward ; imperti- 
 nence ; pertness. 
 
 forwarder (-er), n. one who for- 
 wards or promotes ; a merchant who 
 transmits goods ; the workman who 
 forwards the rough work in book- 
 binding to the finisher. 
 
 forwards. Another form of forward, 
 adv. 
 
 fossil (fos'il), n. any organic body 
 which by burial in the earth's strata 
 has become petrified ; a person an- 
 tiquated in his ideas : adj. pertain- 
 ing to, of the nature of, or converted 
 into, a fossil ; dug from the earth ; 
 antiquated. 
 
 fossiliferous (-if'er-us), adj. con- 
 taining fossils. 
 
 fossilize (-iz), v.t. to petrify: v.i. to 
 become antiquated. 
 
 foster ('ter), v.t. to nourish; nurse; 
 rear up ; sustain or support ; cherish. 
 
 foster-brother (-bruth'er) , n. a 
 brother by nursing, but not by birth. 
 
 foster-child (-child), n. a child 
 nursed or reared by one who is not 
 its parent. 
 
 f other. Same as fodder. 
 
 fought, p.t. & p.p. of fight. 
 
 foul (foul), adj. offensive, morally or 
 physically ; dirty ; impure ; scurril- 
 ous ; filthy ; hateful ; loathsome ; dis- 
 graceful ; unfair ; cloudy and stormy ; 
 
 . contrary, as a wind; thick with 
 weeds, &c. ; entangled, as an anchor : 
 n. a wilful collision: v.t. to make 
 foul or dirty ; sully or defile ; come 
 into collision with : v.i. to become 
 foul or dirty. 
 
 foulard (foo-lard'), n. a light silk, or 
 silk-cotton washable dress fabric ; a 
 silk handkerchief for wear round the 
 neck or head. 
 
 foumart ('mart), n. the pole-cat. 
 
 found, p.t. & p.p. of find. 
 
 found (found), v.t. to lay the basis 
 of ; build ; fix firmly ; establish ; orig- 
 inate ; form by melting a metal and 
 pouring it into a mold ; cast. 
 
 foundation ( f oun-da'shun ) , n. the 
 basis or lowest part of a structure; 
 groundwork ; the principles or origin 
 of anything ; an endowment or en- 
 dowed institution ; the first stitches 
 in knitting or crocheting. 
 
 founder (foun'der) , n. one who 
 founds or originates ; builder ; one 
 who casts metal : v.t. to sink by fill- 
 ing with water ; disable or make 
 lame : said of a horse : v.i. to fill and 
 sink ; go lame. 
 
 foundling (found'ling), n. a child 
 found whose parent is unknown. 
 
 foundry ('ri), n. [pi. foundries 
 ('riz)], the place where metal cast- 
 ing is carried on. 
 
 fount (fount), n. a fountain or 
 spring ; original source. 
 
 fountain (foun'tan), n. a natural or 
 artificial spring of water ; the head 
 or source of a river ; a jet or spout 
 of water ; the first cause or origin. 
 
 fountain-head (-hed), n. the spring 
 from which a stream flows ; the first 
 source. 
 
 fountain-pen, n. a pen having a 
 reservoir of ink in the holder. 
 
 four (for), adj. consisting of 1 more 
 than 3 ; a cardinal numeral : n. the 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; tbink, then. 
 
'.*. 
 
 mm 
 
 
 ' 
 
 v ■'■isif 
 
 
 
 TYPES OF LEADING BR 
 
 Copyright MCMVII.by F. E. Wright 
 
 
iF AMERICAN PURE BRED FOWLS 
 

ton 
 
 fra 
 
 sum of 3 and 1 ; a four-oared boat, 
 
 or its crew. 
 fourchette (foor-shef), n. a forked 
 
 surgical instrument ; the wish-bone 
 
 of a bird ; the frog of a horse's foot. 
 fourfold (for'fold), n. a quantity 
 
 four times as much : adj. four times 
 
 told. 
 fourgon (foor-gong'), n. a military 
 
 ammunition wagon, or baggage car- 
 riage. 
 Fourierism ( f oo'ri-er-izm ) , n. the 
 
 socialistic and cooperative system 
 
 advocated by Fourier, the French 
 
 socialist. 
 four-in-hand (for'in-hand), 11. a 
 
 coach drawn by four horses and 
 
 driven by one person ; a necktie, worn 
 
 tied in a knot so as to leave the ends 
 
 hanging vertically : adv. with a team 
 
 of four horses. 
 fourneau (foor-no'), n. the chamber 
 
 of a mine in which the powder is 
 
 placed. 
 four-o'clock ('o-klok), n. a flower, 
 
 the Marvel of Peru. 
 fourscore ('skor), adj. 80. 
 fourteen ('ten), adj. consisting of 4 
 
 more than 10 : n. the sum of 4 and 10. 
 fourteenth ('tenth), adj. fourth in 
 
 order after 10th : n. one of 14 equal 
 
 parts. 
 fourth (forth), adj. next in order 
 
 after third : n. one of 4 equal parts ; 
 
 a musical interval of two tones and 
 
 one semitone. 
 Fourth, n. the fourth day of July ; 
 
 Independence Day. 
 fourthly ('li), adv. in the fourth 
 
 place. 
 fo villa (fo-vil'a), n. the gummy fer- 
 tilizing protoplasmic liquid of pollen 
 
 grain. 
 fowl (foul), n. a gallinaceous bird, 
 
 especially the domestic cock or hen ; 
 
 poultry ; birds collectively : v.i. to 
 
 catch or kill wild birds for sport or 
 
 food. 
 fowler ('er), n. one who catches or 
 
 kills wild birds for sport or food. 
 fowling ('ing), n. the act or practice 
 
 of catching or shooting wild birds. 
 fowling-piece (-pes), n. a light gun 
 
 used for ordinary sporting. 
 fox (foks), n. a canine mammal with 
 
 a long bushy tail, belonging to the 
 genus Vulpes, notorious for its cun- 
 ning : hence a sly, cunning person ; 
 a small strand of rope, formed by 
 twisting several rope-yarns together : 
 v.t. to make sour, or turn reddish ; 
 repair : said of boots ; watch slyly : 
 v.i. to turn sour or become reddish ; 
 act as a spy. 
 
 fox-bats ('batz), n. a genus of bats 
 with a fox-like head. 
 
 fox-brush ('brush), n. the tail of a 
 fox. 
 
 foxed (fokst), p. adj. stained, as tim- 
 ber, or spotted, as prints, books, &c, 
 with a reddish discoloration ; re- 
 paired with leather : said of a boot. 
 
 foxglove ('gluv), n. a plant of the 
 genus Digitalis, especially the purple 
 foxglove, the leaves of which are 
 used medicinally. 
 
 fox-grape ('grap), n. a variety of 
 grape. 
 
 foxhound ('hound), n. one of a breed 
 of dogs used for fox-hunting. 
 
 f oxiness ( 'i-nes ) , n. sly cunning, or 
 shrewdness ; the state of being de- 
 cayed, or sour. 
 
 f ox-squirrel ( 'skwer-el ) , n. the North 
 American tree squrrel. 
 
 foxtail ( 'tal ) , n. the name of various 
 species of grass ; the tail of a fox. 
 
 foxy (1), adj. pertaining to, or re- 
 sembling, a fox ; cunning ; crafty ; 
 reddish-brown ; soured ; discolored. 
 
 foyer (fwa-ya'), n. the lobby of a 
 theater. 
 
 fracas (fra'kas), n. a noisy quarrel. 
 
 fraction (frak'shun), n. a part bro- 
 ken off ; act of breaking ; the state of 
 being broken ; a part of a unit, as ^4. 
 
 fractional (-il), adj. pertaining to, 
 or constituting, a fraction ; very 
 small. 
 
 fractious ('shus), adj. unruly; cross. 
 
 fracture ( 'tur ) n. a part broken ; a 
 break caused by violence ; separa- 
 tion ; the direction in which a min- 
 eral breaks so as to show its texture : 
 v.t. to break, or crack, as a bone, &c. 
 
 fragile (fraj'-il), adj. easily broken; 
 weak ; delicate. 
 
 fr agilely (-li), adv. in a fragile man- 
 ner. 
 
 fragileness (-nes), n. the state of 
 being fragile. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fra 
 
 fra 
 
 fragility (fra-jil'i-ti), n. the state of 
 being fragile. 
 
 fragment (frag'ment), n. a part 
 broken off from a whole; an imper- 
 fect part. 
 
 fragment al (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or composed of, fragments, discon- 
 nected ; made of parts of preexistent 
 rock ; conglomerate. Also fragmen- 
 tary. 
 
 fragmentation (-ta'shun), n. fis- 
 sion. 
 
 fragrance (fra'grans), n. the state 
 or quality of being fragrant. Also 
 fragrancy. 
 
 fragrant ('grant), adj. sweet-smell- 
 ing. 
 
 frail (fral), adj. fragile; brittle; 
 weak, physically or morally ; infirm : 
 n. a basket made of rushes. 
 
 f raise (fraz), n. palisading formed 
 of inclined or horizontal stakes. 
 
 framable (fram'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being framed. 
 
 frame (fram), n. something con- 
 structed or composed of parts fitted 
 and joined together ; that on which 
 anything is held or stretched ; any 
 contrivance for inclosing, admitting, 
 or supporting something ; a compos- 
 itor's stand; an inclined table of 
 planks for washing ore ; shape ; 
 temper ; state : v.t. to fit (one thing) 
 into another ; shape or form ; adjust 
 or regulate ; invent ; adapt : v.i. to 
 wash ore on a frame. 
 
 frame-bridge ('brij), n. a timber 
 bridge. 
 
 framer ('er), n. one who frames; a 
 contriver. 
 
 frame-work ('werk), n. that which 
 incloses or supports something else. 
 
 franc (frangk), n. a French coin, the 
 unit of monetary value = 19.3 cents. 
 
 franchise (fran'chiz), n. the consti- 
 tutional right of suffrage ; a particu- 
 lar privilege or right granted by a 
 sovereign or by a legislative body to 
 an individual, or to a corporation; 
 the district or jurisdiction to which 
 a particular privilege extends. 
 
 Franco, a form used in composition 
 to denote France, or French, as the 
 Franco-German war. 
 
 francolin (frang'ko-lin), n. a bird al- 
 lied to the partridge. 
 
 frangibility ( f ranj-i-bil'i-ti ) , n. the 
 state or quality of being frangible. 
 
 frangible ('i-bl), adj. easily broken. 
 
 frank (frangk), adj. open or ingenu- 
 ous ; candid ; outspoken ; unreserved : 
 n. a signature that exempts mail- 
 matter from payment of postage ; a 
 letter privileged to go post-free : v.t. 
 to send or have conveyed free of 
 charge. 
 
 frankincense ('in-sens), n. a fra- 
 grant inflammable resin burnt as in- 
 cense. 
 
 frankly ('li), adv. candidly, openly. 
 
 frankness ('nes), n. candor; open- 
 ness. 
 
 frantic (fran'tik), adj. violently mad 
 or distracted ; outrageous ; trans- 
 ported by passion. 
 
 frantically (-al-li), adv. in a frantic 
 manner. 
 
 frap (frap), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. f rapped, 
 p.pr. frapping], to strengthen or 
 draw together by ropes crossing each 
 other ; undergird. 
 
 frappe (-pa.'), adj. chilled with ice. 
 
 fraternal (fra-ter'nal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, becoming, or like, brothers. 
 
 fraternally (-li), adv. in a frantic 
 manner. 
 
 fraternize (frat'er-niz), v.i. to asso- 
 ciate or hold fellowship as brothers. 
 
 fraternity (fra-ter'ni-ti), n. [pi. fra- 
 ternities (-tiz)], brotherly relation- 
 ship ; a body of men associated to- 
 gether by a common bond of inter- 
 est, especially of a religious charac- 
 ter; men of the same profession or 
 class. 
 
 fratricide (frat'ri-sid), n. the crime 
 of killing a brother ; one who kills a 
 brother. 
 
 fraud (frawd), n. deceit; artifice; 
 trick ; cheat ; a humbug. 
 
 fraudulence ('u-lenfe), n. deceitful- 
 ness ; trickery ; unfairness. 
 
 fraudulent ('u-lent), adj. character- 
 ized by, founded on, or obtained by, 
 fraud. 
 
 fraught (frawt), adj. laden ; charged. 
 
 fraxin (fraks'in), n. a crystalline 
 substance obtained from the bark of 
 the ash tree. Also fraxinin. 
 
 fray (fra) , n. a riot ; quarrel ; a chafe 
 or rub : v.t. to chafe or wear away. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
fra 
 
 fre 
 
 fraying ('ing), n. the act of wearing 
 away by friction ; the peeling off of 
 . the velvet of a deer's horn. 
 
 freak (frek), n. sudden or capricious 
 change of mind, or whim ; a prank ; 
 an abnormal animal or plant: v.t. 
 to variegate ; spot or streak. 
 
 freckle (frek'l), n. a brownish spot 
 in the skin: v.t. to mark with frec- 
 kles : v.i. to become freckled. 
 
 freckly ('li), adj. marked with frec- 
 kles. 
 
 free (fre), adj. [comp. freer, superl. 
 freest], without restraint; at liber- 
 ty ; permitted ; liberal ; generous ; 
 open ; free from guilt ; independent ; 
 familiar ; licentious ; not arbitrary 
 or despotic ; spirited ; not attached 
 or fixed ; uncombined ; invested with 
 the franchise, &c. (with of) : v.t. to 
 set at liberty ; emancipate ; rid or 
 exempt ; clear : adv. gratuitously. 
 
 free-board ('bord), n. that part of 
 the side of a ship between the upper 
 side of the deck and the water-line. 
 
 freebooter ('boot-er), n. one who 
 roves about for plunder or pillage ; 
 buccaneer. 
 
 free city (sit'i), n. a city having an 
 independent franchise and govern- 
 ment. 
 
 freedman (fred'man), n. [pi. freed- 
 men ( 'men ) ] , a slave who has been 
 legally emancipated. 
 
 freedom (fre'dum), n. the state of 
 being free ; liberty ; independence ; 
 ease in performance ; particular 
 privilege ; absence of conventionali- 
 ty ; undue familiarity. 
 
 free-band ('hand), adj. drawn by 
 the hand without the aid of instru- 
 ments. 
 
 free-banded (-ed), adj. generous; 
 liberal. 
 
 freebold ('hold), n. an estate or ten- 
 ement held by fee-simple, fee-tail, or 
 for life. 
 
 free-lance ('lans), n. one of a class 
 of mediaeval soldiers who sold their 
 services to fight for the highest bid- 
 der ; one who acts, speaks, or writes 
 irrespective of any party. 
 
 freeman ('man), n. [pi. freemen 
 ( 'men ) ] , one in the enjoyment of 
 liberty ; one possessed of certain 
 franchises or municipal privileges. 
 
 Freemason ('ma-sn), n. a member of 
 a secret society in the Middle Ages, 
 consisting formerly of skilled crafts- 
 men, now a social association pro- 
 fessing principles of brotherly love, 
 charity, and mutual aid. 
 
 Freemasonry (-ri), n. the system, 
 rites, &c, of the Freemasons. 
 
 free port (port), n. a port where no 
 duties are levied on merchandise. 
 
 Free-soil ('soil), adj. opposed to the 
 extension of slavery : said of the 
 party formed at Boston, United 
 States, 1848, to restrict slavery. 
 
 freestone ('ston), n. a sandstone 
 suitable for working. 
 
 freetbinker ('thingk-er), n. one who 
 forms his opinions independently of 
 others ; one who rejects revelation 
 in religion, and dogmatic belief; a 
 latitudinarian. 
 
 free trade (trad), n. trade with other 
 countries unrestricted by tariffs or 
 customs duties. 
 
 free-will ('wil), adj. voluntary; 
 holding the theological doctrine that 
 man is free to exercise his will for 
 good or evil. 
 
 freezable (frez'a-bl), adj. that may 
 be frozen. 
 
 freeze (frez), v.t. [p.t. froze, p.p. 
 frozen, p.pr. freezing], to congeal or 
 harden into ice ; kill by cold : v.i. to 
 be congealed with cold ; be chilled 
 with cold; be at or below the tem- 
 perature of 32°. 
 
 freezing-point ('ing-point), n. 32° 
 above 0° in the Fahrenheit scale 
 (0° Centigrade), at which water 
 freezes. 
 
 freight (frat), n. the goods with 
 which a vessel is loaded; cargo; 
 goods carried by rail ; the sum paid 
 or charged for the conveyance of 
 goods : adj. used for conveying 
 goods : v.t. to load with goods for 
 conveyance ; hire or charter. 
 
 freightage ('aj), n. charge for 
 freight ; cargo. 
 
 freight-car ('kar), n. a railway car 
 for transporting freight. 
 
 freighter ('er), n. one who freights 
 a ship or car ; shipper ; a vessel for 
 conveying freight. 
 
 French (french), adj. pertaining to 
 France, its inhabitants, or language. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 D. 24. book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
fre 
 
 fri 
 
 frenchify ('i-fi), v. [p.t. & p.p. 
 frenchified, p.pr. frenchifying], to 
 infect with French manners, char- 
 acteristics, or customs. 
 
 french leave (-lev), n. departure 
 without ceremony or notice. 
 
 frenzied (fren'zid), p. adj. affected 
 with frenzy; delirious. 
 
 frenzy ('zi), n. [pi. frenzies ('ziz)], 
 violent agitation ; temporary mad- 
 ness; fury: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fren- 
 zied, p.pr. frenzying], to throw into 
 a frenzy; render mad. 
 
 frequency (fre'kwen-si), n. the re- 
 peated occurrence of a thing at 
 short intervals. 
 
 frequent ('kwent), adj. recurring 
 often: v.t. (fre-kwenf) to resort to, 
 or visit often. 
 
 frequentative ('ta-tiv), adj. in 
 grammar, noting repetition, as cer- 
 tain verbs. 
 
 frequently (-li), adv. often; repeat- 
 edly. 
 
 fresco (fres'ko), n. [pi. frescos, fres- 
 coes ('koz)], a method of wall- 
 painting in water-colors on fresh 
 plaster : v.t. to decorate or paint in 
 fresco. 
 
 fresh (fresh), adj. new; recent; un- 
 faded ; uninjured by time ; in good 
 condition ; not forgotten ; healthy ; 
 strong and active ; not wearied ; live- 
 ly ; brisk ; pure and cool ; not salt ; 
 inexperienced ; intoxicated : n. a 
 spring ; freshet ; the union of fresh 
 and salt water in a river. 
 
 freshen ('en), v.t. to make fresh; 
 render less salt; revive; slacken (a 
 rope) to relieve the part exposed to 
 friction : v.i. to become vigorous ; 
 grow fresh ; lose saltness. 
 
 freshet ('et), w. a flood caused by 
 melting snow or heavy rain. 
 
 freshman ('man), n. [pi. freshmen 
 ('men)], a college student in his 
 first year. 
 
 fresh- water ('waw-ter), adj. per- 
 taining to, living in, found in, or 
 formed in, fresh water ; accustomed 
 to river navigation or the coasting 
 trade. 
 
 fret (fret), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fretted, 
 p.pr. fretting], to wear away by fric- 
 tion ; injure by rubbing ; corrode ; 
 agitate ; vex ; irritate ; make rough 
 
 . on the surface; ornament with 
 raised or interlaced work ; varie- 
 gate : v.i. to be worn away by fric- 
 tion or corrosion ; be agitated or 
 irritated ; utter peevish complaints : 
 n. the act or process of fretting ; an 
 ornament formed by small bands or 
 fillets interlacing each other at right 
 angles ; perforated or interlaced or- 
 namental work ; an agitation on the 
 surface of a liquid ; chafing, or irri- 
 tation ; a small piece of ivory or 
 wood on the keyboard of certain 
 stringed instruments. 
 
 fretful ('fool), adj. peevish; irri- 
 tated. 
 
 fret-saw ('saw), n. a long, thin, nar- 
 row saw with fine teeth, used for 
 cutting frets. 
 
 frette (-ta'), adj. decorated with fret- 
 work. Also fretted. 
 
 fretwork ('werk), n. carved, raised, 
 or open ornamental work. 
 
 friability (fri-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being friable. Also 
 friableness. 
 
 friable ('a-bl), adj. readily crum- 
 bled, or reduced to powder. 
 
 friar ('er), n. one of a mendicant 
 order of monks in the Roman Cath- 
 olic Church. 
 
 friary (-ri), n. a monastery. 
 
 fricassee ( f rik-a-se' ) , n. a dish of 
 chicken, rabbit, or other meat cut 
 into small pieces, stewed and fried 
 with gravy or sauce : v.t. to make 
 into, or dress like, a fricassee. 
 
 fricative ('a-tiv), n. a name for cer- 
 tain letters, as th, sh, zh, produced 
 by the friction of the breath issuing 
 through the narrow aperture of the 
 organs of articulation. 
 
 friction ('shun), n. the act of rub- 
 bing ; attrition ; resistance to the 
 motion of a body, caused by contact 
 with the surface upon which it 
 moves ; the act of rubbing to stimu- 
 late the circulation of the blood ves- 
 sels; irritation or disagreement 
 caused by divergence of opinion. 
 
 frictional (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or produced by, friction. 
 
 Friday (fri'da), n. the sixth day of 
 the week : named from the Scandi- 
 navian deity Frigga, the goddess of 
 love. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
frf 
 
 „J 
 
 frl 
 
 fried, p.t. & p.p. of fry. 
 
 friend (frend), n. one attached to 
 another by affection, regard, or es- 
 teem ; an intimate acquaintance ; a 
 supporter or favorer of a cause, 
 &c. ; an ally ; a term of salutation. 
 
 Friend, n. & member of the Society 
 of Friends. 
 
 friendliness ('li-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being friendly. 
 
 friendly ( f li), adj. pertaining to a 
 friend ; having the characteristics 
 of a friend ; amicable ; affable ; gen- 
 ial ; convenient ; favorable : adv. 
 amicably. 
 
 friendship ('ship), n. intimacy; 
 united with affection or esteem ; mu- 
 tual attachment; good-will. 
 
 Friesian (fre'zian), adj. pertaining 
 to Friesland, its inhabitants, or its 
 language. Also Frisian. 
 
 frieze (frez), n. the middle part of 
 the entablature of a column between 
 the architrave and cornice : usually 
 ornamented with sculpture, &c. ; a 
 coarse woolen cloth with a rough 
 shaggy nap on one side. 
 
 frigate (frig'at), n. formerly a war- 
 ship with an upper flush deck, car- 
 rying from 24 to 50 guns. 
 
 frigate-bird (-berd), n. a swift rap- 
 torial bird allied to the pelican. 
 
 frigeratory (frij'er-a-to-ri), n. a 
 cooling or refrigerating chamber. 
 
 fright (frit), n. a sudden and vio- 
 lent fear; alarm; a person whose 
 dress or appearance is ridiculous. 
 
 frighten ('n), v.t. to terrify. 
 
 frightfnl('fool),a^;. terrible; dread- 
 ful; alarming; shocking; grotesque. 
 
 frightfnlly (-li), adv. terribly; gro- 
 tesquely. 
 
 frigid (frij'id) , adj. without warmth ; 
 wintery ; cold in temperament ; stiff ; 
 formal; dull. 
 
 frigidity (fri-jid'i-ti), n. the state of 
 being frigid; coldness. 
 
 frijole (fre-hol'), n. a bean much 
 cultivated in Mexico as an article 
 of food. 
 
 frill (fril), n. a pleated or crimped 
 edging of fine linen to a garment, 
 as a shirt front, &c. ; ruffle: pi. af- 
 fectation of manner; ornamentation 
 of dress, &c. : v.i. to ruffle or shiver 
 
 the feathers with cold: said of a 
 hawk : v.t. to make into a frill. 
 
 frilling ('ing), n. gathered trimming 
 or edging for garments. 
 
 fringe (frinj), n. an ornamental bor- 
 der of hanging cords, &c. ; any bor- 
 der or edging resembling a fringe : 
 v.t. to border with, or as with, a 
 fringe. 
 
 fringy ('ji), adj. fringe-like. 
 
 frippery (frip'er-i), n. old clothes 
 or furniture ; the place where old 
 clothes are sold; trade in second- 
 hand clothes: adj. trumpery; con- 
 temptible. 
 
 frisk (frisk), v.i. to gambol or dance 
 in frolic: n. a gambol, dance, or 
 frolic. 
 
 frisket (fris'ket), n. a light frame 
 for holding down the sheet while 
 the impression is being printed. 
 
 f riskiness ('ki-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being frisky. 
 
 frisky ('ki), adj. lively in action; 
 sprightly ; gay ; frolicsome. 
 
 frit (frit), n. the mixture of sand 
 and fluxes from which glass is made 
 after being calcined and baked in a 
 furnace prior to fusion : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. fritted, p.pr fritting], to decom- 
 pose and melt partially. 
 
 frit-fly ('fli), n. a small fly injurious 
 to wheat. 
 
 frith (frith), n. an inlet of the sea 
 at the mouth of a river; estuary 
 [Scotch], Also firth ; a kind of weir 
 for capturing fish. 
 
 fritter (frit'er), v.t. to waste by de- 
 grees; cut up as meat into small 
 pieces for frying: n. a small piece 
 of meat cut for frying ; a small cake 
 with meat or fruit in it. 
 
 frivolity (fri-vol'i-ti), n. [pi. frivoli- 
 ties (-tiz)], levity; a trifling act, 
 thought, or action. 
 
 frivolous (friv'o-lus), adj. trifling; 
 trivial; petty; silly; inclined to 
 levity. 
 
 frizette (fri-zet')> n. a small piece of 
 hair worn as a bang. Also fri- 
 sette. 
 
 frizz (friz), v.t. to curl or crisp; 
 form into little hard burrs: said of 
 the nap of cloth: n. that which is 
 frizzed, as hair. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon,, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fri 
 
 frizzle (friz'l), v.t. to curl on hot 
 coals ; curl or frizz : n. a crisped 
 lock of hair. 
 
 fro (fro), adv. away from; backward. 
 
 frock (frok), n. a loose upper gar- 
 ment worn by children and women ; 
 dress ; a monk's habit ; a coarse 
 over-garment worn by laborers, &c. ; 
 an undress regimental coat. 
 
 frock-coat ('kot), n. a close-fitting 
 strait-bodied coat with wide skirts 
 of the same length before and be- 
 hind. 
 
 frog (frog), n. a small tailless am- 
 phibious animal of the genus Rana ; 
 a tender horny substance growing 
 in the middle of the sole of a horse's 
 foot ; a / spindle-shaped button or 
 toggle used for fastening military 
 cloaks, ladies' mantles, &c. ; a section 
 of a railway line where the rails 
 diverge. 
 
 frogged (frogd), adj. ornamented or 
 fastened with frogs. 
 
 frogging ('ing), n. ornamentation 
 with frogs ; fishing with frogs as 
 live bait. 
 
 frolic (frol'ik), n. a scene of merry- 
 making or gaiety; a sportive out- 
 burst ; wild prank : adj. sportive ; 
 merry or gay : v.i. to indulge in 
 tricks of mirth and levity ; play wild 
 pranks. 
 
 frolicsome (-sum), adj. full of frolic. 
 
 from, (from), prep, out of, away; 
 since; noting source or beginning, 
 distance, logical or physical se- 
 quences. 
 
 frond (frond), n. the union of a leaf 
 and a branch; the leaf of a fern, 
 palm, or seaweed. 
 
 frons (fronz), n. [pi. frontes (fron'- 
 tez ) ] , the forehead. 
 
 front (frunt), n. the forehead; the 
 forepart or foremost of anything ; 
 van ; the most conspicuous part : 
 impudence or boldness ; a false shirt- 
 bosom or dickey : adj. situated at the 
 front : v.t. to stand, or be situated, 
 opposite to, or over against : v.i. to 
 have the front turned in a particular 
 direction. 
 
 frontage ('aj), n. the front part of a 
 building or. its area. 
 
 frontal (fron'tal), adj. pertaining to 
 
 _____ fro 
 
 the front or forehead : n. something 
 worn on the forehead ; an ecclesias- 
 tical hanging in front of an altar; 
 a small pediment over a window or 
 door. 
 
 frontier (fron'ter), n. the boundary 
 or limits of a country : adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or situated near, the boun- 
 dary of a country ; contiguous. 
 
 frontispiece (fron'tis-pes), n. an 
 illustration facing the front page of 
 a book. 
 
 frontlet (frunt'let), n. a fillet or 
 band worn on the forehead ; a Jew- 
 ish phylactery; the margin of the 
 head of a bird behind the bill. 
 
 fronton (fron'ton), n. the entrance 
 to a building ornamented. 
 
 frost (frost), n. minute frozen parti- 
 cles of moisture ; the temperature of 
 the atmosphere which causes the 
 congelation of water ; hoar-frost ; an 
 enterprise ending in failure : v.t. to 
 cover with, or as with, hoar-frost; 
 injure by frost; sharpen (horses' 
 shoes) in frosty weather. 
 
 frosted ('ed), p. adj. covered with, 
 resembling, or injured by, frost. 
 
 frostily ('i-li), adv. with frost, or ex- 
 cessive cold. 
 
 frostiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being frosty. 
 
 frosting ('ing), n. a preparation of 
 fine sugar and white of egg for cov- 
 ering cakes ; rough powdered glass 
 used in decorative work. 
 
 frosty ('i), adj. [comp. frostier, su- 
 perl. frostiest], producing, or accom- 
 panied with, frost; frozen; hoary; 
 cold or distant in manner. 
 
 froth. (fr6th), n. the mass of bubbles 
 formed on the surface of a liquid by 
 agitation, or fermentation ; foam ; 
 superficial knowledge ; vapid elo- 
 quence. 
 
 frothily ('i-li), adv. in a frothy man- 
 ner. 
 
 frothiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being frothy. 
 
 frothy ('i), adj. [comp. frothier, su- 
 perl. frothiest], full of, or composed 
 of, froth; empty; frivolous; unsub- 
 stantial. 
 
 f rousy. Same as frowsy. 
 
 frow (frou), n. a German or Dutch 
 woman ; slattern ; (fro) potato-flour ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
r v 
 
 Copyright MDCCCXCIX, by F. E. Wright 
 
;IR BLOSSOMS 
 
fro 
 
 ful 
 
 a tool used for cleaving shingles, 
 staves, &c. 
 
 fro ward (fro'werd), adj. perverse; 
 wayward. 
 
 frown (froun), n. a contraction of 
 the brows indicative of displeasure, 
 &c. : v.i. to contract the brows to 
 indicate displeasure, &c. ; scowl ; 
 lower. 
 
 frowyz (frou'zi), adj. musty; untidy. 
 
 froze, p.t. of freeze. 
 
 frozen (froz'en), p. adj. congealed, 
 benumbed, or killed with cold ; icy ; 
 wanting in warmth of feeling' or 
 sympathy. 
 
 frnctify (fruk'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 fructified, p.pr. fructifying], to make 
 productive ; fertilize : v.i. to bear 
 fruit. 
 
 fructose ('tos), n. sugar in ripe 
 fruit or honey. 
 
 frugal (fru'gal), adj. thrifty; eco- 
 nomical. 
 
 frugality ('i-ti), n. thrift; economy. 
 
 frugally (-li), adv. with economy. 
 
 frngivorons (fru-jiv'o-rus), adj. 
 fruit-eating. 
 
 fruit (frut), n. the product of a tree 
 or plant containing the seed ; prod- 
 uct ; result or profit ; offspring : v.i. 
 to produce fruit. 
 
 fruitage ('aj), n. fruit collectively; 
 product. 
 
 fruiterer ('er-er), n. one who deals 
 in fruit. 
 
 fruitful ('fool), adj. yielding fruit; 
 prolific. 
 
 fruitfully (-li), adv. abundantly. 
 
 fruitfulness (-nes), n. the quality 
 of being fruitful. 
 
 fruiting ('ing), p.adj. bearing fruit. 
 
 fruition (fru-ish'un), n. the bearing 
 of fruit ; realization ; enjoyment de- 
 rived from use or possession. 
 
 fruity (frut'i), adj. full-flavored; 
 rich. 
 
 frumenty (fru'men-ti), n. food made 
 of wheat and boiled milk. 
 
 frustrate (frus'trat), v.t. to defeat 
 or disappoint ; thwart ; nullify : adj. 
 vain ; useless ; void. 
 
 frustrum ('trum), n. [pi. frustra 
 Ctra)], that part of a solid next 
 the base, as a cone, pyramid, &c, 
 which is left after cutting off the 
 top. 
 
 fry (fri), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fried, p.pr. 
 frying], to cook or roast with fat 
 in a pan over a fire : v.i. to be 
 cooked with fat in a pan ; be sub- 
 jected to intense heat : n. a dish of 
 things fried ; a swarm of young fish. 
 
 fuchsia (fu'shi-a), n. a garden plant 
 with handsome pendulous elongated 
 flowers. 
 
 fuddle (fud'l), v.t. to stupefy with 
 drink ; intoxicate : v.i. to become 
 intoxicated. 
 
 fudge (fuj), n. a made-up story: 
 inter j. nonsense ! : v.t. to make or do 
 in a bungling, careless manner : v.i. 
 to contrive by imperfect or impro- 
 vised means. 
 
 fuel (fu'el), n. combustible material 
 for supplying a fire ; anything that 
 serves to inflame or sustain passion 
 or excitement. 
 
 fugacious (fu-ga'shus), adj. fleet- 
 ing ; volatile ; falling off very early. 
 
 fugal ('gal), adj. pertaining to a 
 fugue. 
 
 fugh (foo), inter j. an exclamation of 
 disgust. 
 
 fugitive (fu'ji-tiv), adj. unstable; 
 volatile; fleeting; not permanent; 
 fleeing from danger, pursuit, or 
 duty : n. one who flees from danger, 
 pursuit, or duty ; a runaway or de- 
 serter ; one who takes shelter with 
 another power to escape punish- 
 ment. 
 
 fugitively (-li), adv. in a fugitive 
 manner. 
 
 fugleman (fii'gl-man), n. [pi. fugle- 
 men (-men)], a trained soldier who 
 stands in front of a line of men 
 and leads them by his movements 
 in their drill. 
 
 fugue (fug), n. a musical composi- 
 tion in which the parts follow each 
 other with repetitions at certain in- 
 tervals. 
 
 fuguist ('ist), n. a composer or per- 
 former of fugues. 
 
 fulcrum (ful'krum), n. [pi. fulcra 
 ('kra), fulcrums ('krumz)], that 
 part of a lever on which it rests. 
 
 fulfill (fool'fil), v.t. to complete or 
 accomplish ; execute ; perform or 
 carry out, as that which is prom- 
 ised, foretold, or anticipated. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ful 
 
 fulfillment ('ment), n. accomplish- 
 ment ; completion ; execution. 
 
 fulgency (ful'jen-si), n. brightness; 
 splendor. 
 
 full (fool), adj. filled; having no 
 empty space ; well supplied ; stored ; 
 saturated ; satiated ; copious ; round- 
 ed out ; plump ; expressing much ; 
 clear ; distinct ; sonorous ; having 
 the whole disk illuminated: said of 
 the moon : n. the highest state, ex- 
 tent, or measure : v.i. to pucker : 
 v.t. scour and thicken, as cloth, in a 
 mill : adv. without diminution or 
 qualification ; directly ; quite. [Full 
 is used in composition to express 
 full extent or degree, its meaning 
 being generally self-evident, as full- 
 armed, full-fledged, &c] 
 
 full age, n. age of twenty-one years. 
 
 full-back ('bak), n. in football, the 
 player furthest from the goal of the 
 opposing side. 
 
 full-butt ('but), adv. meeting di- 
 rectly and violently. 
 
 full-dress ('dres), n. dress required 
 for formal or ceremonial occasions. 
 
 full-drive ('driv), adv. with full 
 speed or vigor. 
 
 fuller ('er), n. one who fulls cloth. 
 
 fuller's-earth. ('erz-erth), n. a soft 
 clay used for fulling cloth and the 
 removal of grease. 
 
 fully (fool'i), adv. completely; abun- 
 dantly. 
 
 fulminate (ful'mi-nat), v.t. to cause 
 to explode ; send out or utter ( a 
 threat or denunciation, as a papal 
 bull ) : v.i. to thunder ; make a loud 
 sudden noise ; detonate : n. a de- 
 tonating compound formed of a salt 
 of fulminic acid. 
 
 fulminating powder (-ing pou'- 
 der), n. an explosive substance 
 which on being struck detonates 
 with a loud report. 
 
 fulminic acid (-min'ik as'id), n. an 
 acid composed of cyanogen and oxy- 
 gen. 
 
 fulsome (ful'sum), adj. offensive; 
 gross. 
 
 fulvous (ful'vus), adj. tawny; saf- 
 fron-colored. 
 
 fulwa (ful'wa), n. the butter-tree of 
 India; the butter obtained from it. 
 
 fumarole (fu'ma-rol), n. a small 
 
 fun 
 
 hole from which volcanic smoke 
 issues. 
 
 fumble ('bl), v.i. to grope or feel 
 about ; handle or attempt something 
 in an awkward manner : v.t. to man- 
 age awkwardly. 
 
 fume (fum), n. vapor or exhalation, 
 especially of a narcotic or suffocat- 
 ing nature ; mental irritation or agi- 
 tation : v.i. to emit smoke ; pass off 
 in gas or vapor ; to be in a passion : 
 v.t. fill with gas or vapor ; exhale. 
 
 fumigate ('i-gat), v.t. smoke; per- 
 fume; disinfect by the action of 
 smoke or vapor. 
 
 fumitory ('i-to-ri), n. a plant, the 
 leaves of which were formerly used 
 as a specific for skin diseases. 
 
 fun (fun), n. mirth; drollery; sport: 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. funned, p.pr. fun- 
 ning], to indulge in fun. 
 
 funambulist (fu-nam'bu-list), n. a 
 rope-walker or -dancer. 
 
 function (fungk'shun), n. the dis- 
 charge or performance of any duty, 
 office, or business ; faculty ; power ; 
 the office of any organ, animal or 
 vegetable; public or official cere- 
 mony ; any mathematical quantity 
 considered as formed from another 
 quantity, the change in the one af- 
 fecting the other correspondingly : 
 v.i. to perform a function ; act. 
 
 functional (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or performing, a function ; official. 
 
 functionary (-a-ri), n. [pi. func- 
 tionaries (-riz)], one who holds an 
 office, or discharges some trust ; an 
 official. 
 
 fund (fund), n. established stock or 
 capital ; money set apart for carry- 
 ing out some permanent or tempo- 
 rary object ; a permanent debt due 
 by a government on which interest 
 is paid at a certain rate per cent.; 
 a stock in reserve : pi. money : v.t. 
 to place in, or convert into, a fund. 
 
 fundament ('a-ment), n. the base 
 of the body ; anus ; foundation. 
 
 fundamental ('al), adj. pertaining 
 to a foundation or basis ; essential ; 
 primary : n. a primary or essential 
 principle ; basis ; the note on which 
 a chord is formed [Mus.]. 
 
 fundamental bass (bas), n. that 
 part in musical harmony which 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
fun 
 
 fnr 
 
 contains the fundamental notes of 
 chords. 
 
 fundamentally (-li), adv. in a fund- 
 amental manner. 
 
 funded (fund'ed), p.adj. converted 
 into a permanent loan ; invested in 
 the public funds. 
 
 funded debt (det), n. that part of a 
 public debt for the payment of the 
 interest of which certain funds are 
 appropriated. 
 
 funding ('ing), n. the act or proc- 
 ess of converting money lent to the 
 government into a permanent fund 
 bearing a fixed rate of interest; in- 
 vestment in government stocks or 
 funds. 
 
 fundus (fun'dus), n. the base or 
 depth of anything. 
 
 funeral (fu'ner-al), n. the ceremony 
 of burying a dead human body and 
 the procession of mourners accom- 
 panying it : adj. pertaining to, be- 
 fitting, or used at, a funeral. 
 
 funereal (-ne're-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or suitable for, a funeral ; mourn- 
 ful ; sad. 
 
 funereally (-li), adv. in a funereal 
 manner. 
 
 fungous (fung'gus), adj. pertaining 
 to the nature of fungi ; spongy ; ex- 
 crescent ; growing up suddenly. 
 
 fungus ('gus), n. [pi. fungi (fun'ji), 
 funguses (-ess)], a cryptogamous 
 plant not containing chlorophyll, as 
 a mushroom, toadstool, &c. ; a 
 spongy excrescence. 
 
 funicle (fu'ni-kl), n. a small cord, 
 ligature, or fiber. 
 
 funicular (-nik'u-lar), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, composed of, or resembling, 
 a funicle or funiculus ; rope-shaped. 
 
 funiculus ('u-lus), n. [pi. funiculi 
 (-li)], a small cord, ligature, or 
 fiber ; a little stalk or cord-like ap- 
 pendage uniting a seed with the 
 placenta. 
 
 funk (fungk), n. an overpowering or 
 offensive odor ; cowardice ; a kick ; 
 ill-temper [Scotch]; fright: v.i. to 
 be in a state of cowardly fear; to 
 kick backwards [Scotch]. 
 
 funnel (fun'el), n. a wide-mouthed 
 conical vessel terminating in a 
 spout for pouring liquids into close 
 
 vessels ; the chimney of a steam- 
 ship or steam-engine. 
 
 funneled ('eld), adj. having, or re- 
 sembling, a funnel. 
 
 funnily ('i-li), adv. in a funny man- 
 ner. 
 
 funning ('ing), n. merry jesting. 
 
 funny ('i), adj. [comp. funnier, su- 
 perl. funniest], comical; droll; pro- 
 voking laughter ; ludicrous ; queer ; 
 curious ; strange : n. a long narrow 
 clinker-built pleasure boat rowed 
 with sculls. 
 
 funny-bone (-bon), n. the lower 
 part of the elbow over which the 
 nerve of the ulna passes. 
 
 fur (fer), n. the soft hair of certain 
 animals, growing thickly upon the 
 skin ; morbid matter collected on the 
 tongue; the calcareous coating on 
 the interior of a boiler, &c. : pi. the 
 dressed skins of fur-bearing animals, 
 used for apparel or ornament: adj. 
 consisting, lined, or trimmed, with 
 fur: v.t. [p.t. furred, p.pr. furring], 
 to cover, line, or trim with fur; 
 cover with a calcareous deposit or 
 morbid matter. 
 
 furbelow ('be-lo), n. an ornament of 
 feminine attire. 
 
 furbish ('bish), v.t. to make bright 
 by rubbing, polishing, or burnish- 
 ing; renovate. 
 
 furcate f'kat), adj. forked. 
 
 furious (fu'ri-us), adj. full of fury; 
 frenzied ; mad ; tempestuous. 
 
 furl (ferl), v.t. to roll up and secure 
 to something, as a sail, flag, &c. 
 
 furlong (fer'16ng), n. l-8th of a 
 mile. 
 
 furlough ('15), n. leave of absence: 
 v.t. to grant leave of absence to. 
 
 furnace ('nas), n. a chamber or ap- 
 paratus for producing a violent heat 
 to reduce ores, metals, &c. ; severe 
 trial. 
 
 furnish ('nish), v.t. to supply with 
 what is requisite ; fit out ; equip : 
 v.i. to improve in flesh and condi- 
 tion : said of a racehorse. 
 
 furnishing (-ing), n. the act of pro- 
 viding with furniture. 
 
 furniture ('ni-tur), n. the necessary 
 equipments of a house, ship, or a 
 trade ; outfit ; equipage ; trappings 
 of a horse. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, but; think, then. 
 
fill* 
 
 furore (fu'ror, or fu-ro're), n. a 
 great outburst of excitement or en- 
 thusiasm. 
 
 furrier (fur'i-er), n. one who pre- 
 pares or sells furs ; fur-dresser. 
 
 furrow (fur'o), n. a trench made in 
 the ground by a plow ; a groove ; 
 wrinkle : v.t. to plow ; make grooves 
 or wrinkles in. 
 
 furry (fur'i), adj. covered with, or 
 consisting of, fur. 
 
 further (fur'tffter), adj. more dis- 
 tant ; additional : adv. to a greater 
 distance or degree ; moreover ; also : 
 v.t. to promote; help forward. 
 
 furtherance (-ans), n. advancement. 
 
 furthermore (-mor) , adv. moreover ; 
 besides. 
 
 furthermost (-most), adj. most re- 
 mote. 
 
 furthest ('thest), adj. most distant 
 in time or degree : adv. at, or to, the 
 greatest distance. 
 
 furtive (fer'tiv), adj. sly; secret; 
 stealthy. 
 
 fury (fu'ri), n. [pi. furies ('riz)], 
 violent or uncontrollable rage ; mad- 
 ness ; one of the three avenging dei- 
 ties of Greek mythology; a terma- 
 gant woman. 
 
 furze (ferz), n. a hardy spiny shrub, 
 belonging to the bean family. 
 
 furzy ('i), adj. covered with furze. 
 
 fuse (fuz), v.t. to liquefy by heat; 
 melt : v.i. to become melted by heat ; 
 blend, as if melted : n. a small tube 
 filled with an inflammable material, 
 or a cord impregnated with such 
 material, used for exploding gun- 
 powder, &c. 
 
 fusee (fu-ze'), n. sl kind of match, 
 used for igniting tobacco ; a grooved 
 cone in a watch, &c, around which 
 the chain is wound. 
 
 fusel-oil ('zel-oil), n. an oily poi- 
 sonous product produced in rectify- 
 ing grape-, potato-, or corn-spirit. 
 
 fusible (fuz'i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing fused. 
 
 fusil (fti'zil), n. the old flint-lock 
 musket. 
 
 fusileer ('zi-ler), n. the name of sev- 
 
 fyk 
 
 eral British line regiments. Also 
 fusilier. 
 
 fusillade (-zi-lad'), n. a simulta- 
 neous discharge of firearms : v.t. to 
 shoot down or kill by a fusillade. 
 
 fusinist ('zin-ist), n. an artist who 
 draws with charcoal crayons. 
 
 fusion ('zhun), n. the act or process 
 of melting by heat; the state of be- 
 ing fused or melted ; union by, or 
 as by, melting. 
 
 fuss (fus), n. unnecessary or irritat- 
 ing activity, especially in small mat- 
 ters ; disorderly bustling about ; con- 
 fusion ; stir : v.i. to worry. 
 
 fussy ('i), adj. making a fuss. 
 
 fustanelle (-ta-nel'), n. the short 
 white skirt worn by modern Greeks. 
 
 fustian ('chan), n. a kind of coarse 
 twilled cotton cloth, as corduroy, 
 velveteen, &c. ; an inflated or pre- 
 tentious style in writing or speak- 
 ing ; bombast : adj. made of fustian ; 
 bombastic. 
 
 fustiness ('ti-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being fusty. 
 
 fusty ('ti), adj. [comp. fustier, su~ 
 perl, fustiest], ill-smelling; moldy; 
 meddlesome ; officious. 
 
 futile ('til), adj. vain; useless. 
 
 futilely (-li), adv. in a futile man- 
 ner. 
 
 futility (-til'i-ti), n. the quality of 
 being futile. 
 
 futtocks (fut'oks), n.pl. the upright 
 curved ribs of a ship springing from 
 the keel. 
 
 futtock-shrouds ('ok-shrouds), n. 
 pi. the short shrouds which go to 
 the shrouds above. 
 
 future ('tur), adj. that will be here- 
 after : n. time yet to come ; a tense 
 in grammar ; a commodity, &c, sold 
 or bought for future delivery. 
 
 futurity ('i-ti), n. [pi. futurities 
 (-tiz) ], time to come; future events. 
 
 fuzz (fuz), n. fine minute particles 
 of down, wool, &c. : v.i. to fly off in 
 fuzz. 
 
 fuzzy ('i), adj. covered with, or like, 
 fuzz. 
 
 fy. Same as fie. 
 
 fyke (fik), n. a kind of fish-trap. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrtb, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gab (gab), n. idle chatter; loquacity; 
 a hook on the eccentric rod of a 
 steam-engine ; the mouth [ Scotch] : 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. gabbed, p.pr. gab- 
 bing], to chatter. 
 
 gabardine (-er-den'), n. a coarse 
 smock frock. 
 
 gabble (gab'l), v.t. to utter rapidly 
 without sense : v.i. to chatter inco- 
 herently : n. rapid incoherent talk. 
 
 gabion (ga'bi-un), n. a large cylin- 
 drical bottomless basket filled with 
 earth : used for purposes of military 
 defense, &c. 
 
 gabionnade (ga-bi-o-nad'), n. a de- 
 fensive work formed of gabions. 
 
 gable (ga'bl), n. the triangular end 
 of a building. 
 
 gablet ( ga'bl et), n. a small ornamen- 
 tal gable: used for the summit of 
 niches, &c. 
 
 gad (gad), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. gadded, 
 p.pr. gadding], to roam about in a 
 purposeless manner : n. the act of 
 roaming about without an object; 
 an iron or steel pointed mining 
 tool ; a gadfly. 
 
 gadfly ('fli), n. [pi. gadflies ('fllz)L 
 a fly that stings cattle. 
 
 gadolinite ('6-li-nit), n. a silicate of 
 yttrium. 
 
 gadwall ('wawl), n. a large fresh- 
 water duck, esteemed as game. 
 
 Gael (gal), n. a Scottish Highlander. 
 
 Gaelic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or be- 
 longing to, the Keltic inhabitants of 
 the Scottish Highlands, or to their 
 language : n. the language of the 
 Gaels. Also Gadhelic, Galic. 
 
 gaff (gaf), n. a large hook for land- 
 ing salmon, &c. ; a boom or yard to 
 
 extend the upper edge of a fore-and- 
 aft sail; a low-class theater, &c, 
 admission to which is a penny: v.t. 
 to seize or land with a gaff. 
 
 gaff-topsail ('top-sl), n. a light sail 
 set above a gaff. • 
 
 gag (gag), n. something placed in the 
 mouth to hinder speech : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. gagged, p.pr. gagging], to stop 
 the mouth of, with, or as with, a 
 gag ; silence by force ; introduce 
 one's own words, &c, into: said of 
 an actor, &c. 
 
 gage, gange (gaj), n. a standard of 
 measure; the number of feet a ves- 
 sel sinks in the water ; position of 
 one ship to another and the wind; 
 a measuring rod ; the distance be- 
 tween the rails of a railway line : v.t. 
 to ascertain the capacity or contents 
 of; estimate. 
 
 gageable (gaj'a-bl), adj. that may 
 be gaged. 
 
 gager (gaj'er), n. one who gages. 
 See gauger. 
 
 gagger ('er), n. one who gags; a T- 
 shaped piece of iron used by foun- 
 ders. 
 
 gahnite (gan'it), n. a greenish and 
 dark-brown mineral ; zinc-spinel. 
 
 gaiety (ga'e-ti), n. [pi. gaieties 
 (-tiz)], the state or quality of be- 
 ing gay; merriment; pleasure; 
 finery. 
 
 gaily (ga'li), adv. merrily; finely. 
 
 gain (gan), n. advantage; profit; a 
 mortise : v.t. to obtain, as profit or 
 advantage ; earn ; win ; arrive at : 
 v.i. to improve or make progress; 
 increase ; advance. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gai 
 
 gainsay ('sa), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gain- 
 said, p.pr. gainsaying], to contra- 
 dict ; speak against ; oppose. 
 
 gairish, same as garish. 
 
 gait (gat), n. manner of walking; 
 way or course. 
 
 gaiter ('er), n. a covering of cloth 
 for the ankle, fitting over the top 
 of the boot; a shoe with a cloth 
 top. 
 
 gala ('la), n. a festive show; pomp. 
 
 galactic (ga-lak'tik), adj. pertaining 
 to the secretion or flow of milk ; per- 
 taining to the Milky Way. 
 
 galacto, a prefix meaning milk, form- 
 ing compound words, as galacto^ha.- 
 gus, feeding on milk. 
 
 galanga (-lang'ga), n. the name for 
 
 various species of Alpinia, from the 
 
 rootstocks of which an aromatic 
 
 'medicine, used in China, is obtained. 
 
 galantine (gal'an-tin), n. a dish 
 composed of chickens, veal, or other 
 white meat, boned, seasoned, tied 
 up, boiled, and served cold in its 
 own jelly. 
 
 galatea (-a-te'a), n. a cotton fabric 
 with blue and white stripes. 
 
 Galaxy ('aks-i), n. the Milky Way. 
 
 galaxy, n. an assemblage of splendid 
 persons or things. 
 
 galbanum ('ba-num), n. an odorous 
 and bitter gum resin used in medi- 
 cine. 
 
 gale (gal), n. a strong wind, less vio- 
 lent than a tempest ; a quarrel ; 
 noisy merriment ; bog myrtle. 
 
 galeate (ga/le-at), adj. wearing, cov- 
 ered with, or shaped like, a helmet. 
 
 galena (ga-le'na), n. sulphide of lead. 
 
 galiot (gal'i-ot), n. a heavily-built 
 two-masted trading vessel. 
 
 galipot ('i-pot), n. a white resinous 
 juice which exudes from pine trees. 
 
 gall (gawl), n. the bile; anything 
 very bitter ; malignant feeling ; ran- 
 cor ; the gall-bladder ; the morbid 
 excrescence of plants caused by in- 
 sects ; gall-nut ; a wound caused by 
 friction ; low-lying marshland with 
 rank vegetation : v.t. to break the 
 skin of by friction ; wear away ; 
 vex ; fret ; harass ; impregnate with 
 an infusion of gall-nuts : v.i. to fret ; 
 be vexed, &c. 
 
 gallant (gal'ant), adj. brave; high- 
 
 gal 
 
 spirited ; chivalrous : n. a person of 
 sprightly and gay manners ; a beau. 
 
 gallant ( gal-ant'), adj. showing 
 courtesy and respectful deference to 
 women : n. a man who is attentive 
 to women (used either in a good 
 or bad sense) : v.t. to pay court to; 
 accompany or escort. 
 
 gallantly (gal'ant-li), adv. bravely 
 (gal-ant'li) politely. 
 
 gallantry ('ant-ri), n. [pi. gallant- 
 ries (-riz)], bravery; heroic cour- 
 age ; polite and deferential attention 
 to women ; court paid to women for 
 immoral purposes ; intrigue. 
 
 gallate ('at), n. a salt of gallic acid. 
 
 gallatin ('a-tin), n. coal tar oil used 
 in the Bethell process for preserving 
 timber. 
 
 galleass ('e-as), n. a large low-built 
 three-masted vessel propelled by 
 sails and oars, and carrying twenty 
 or more guns. 
 
 galleon ('e-on), n. a large Spanish 
 three-decked vessel, formerly used 
 as a warship, or as a merchantman 
 for trading to South America. 
 
 galleried ('er-id), adj. furnished 
 with galleries. 
 
 gallery ('er-i), n. [pi. galleries 
 (-iz)], a long apartment serving 
 as a means of communication to 
 others ; corridor ; the upper seats of 
 a theater, church, assembly-room, 
 &c. ; a building, or room, used for 
 the exhibition of works of art, &c. ; 
 a covered passage in a work for de- 
 fense, or for communication ; a bal- 
 cony at the stern of a large ship. 
 
 galley ('li), n. [pi. galleys ('liz)], 
 a low, flat, one-decked vessel pro- 
 pelled by oars, and sometimes with 
 sails, formerly rowed by slaves or 
 convicts ; an open boat used by 
 British men-of-war, river police, and 
 customs officers ; the cook-house of 
 a ship ; a flat, oblong frame for hold- 
 ing composed type. 
 
 Gallic ('ik), adj. pertaining to an- 
 cient Gaul, or modern Prance. 
 
 gallic acid (as'id), n. an organic 
 crystalline compound found in gall- 
 nuts, tea, &c. 
 
 Galilean ('i-kan), adj. pertaining to 
 Gaul, or France, or the Roman 
 Catholic Church in France. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gal 
 
 Gallicism ('i-sizm), n. a French 
 idiom. 
 
 Gallicize ('i-siz), v.t. to conform to 
 the French idiom. 
 
 galling (gawl'ing), p.adj. chafing; 
 irritating. 
 
 gallinipper (gal'i-nip-er), n. a large 
 mosquito. 
 
 gallipot ('i-pot), n. a small glazed 
 earthenware jar. 
 
 gallium ('i-um), n. a metallic ele- 
 ment. 
 
 gallivant ('i-vant), v.i. to flirt; idle 
 or gad about with women. 
 
 gallivat ('i-vat), n. a large, two- 
 masted, quick-sailing boat, used by 
 Malay pirates. 
 
 gallnut (gawl'nut), n. a round ex- 
 crescence produced on the oak by 
 the puncturing of the leaf-buds by 
 an insect, the gall-beetle. The gall 
 contains tannin, and is used in the 
 manufacture of ink, dyeing, &c. 
 
 gallon (gal'un), n. a liquid measure 
 = 4 quarts ; a dry measure "== l-8th 
 of a bushel. 
 
 galloon (-oon'), n. a cotton, silk, or 
 worsted fabric used for dress trim- 
 mings ; a thin tape made of metal 
 woven in silk, worsted, &c, used for 
 uniforms. 
 
 gallop ('up), n. the rapid forward 
 springing movement of a horse ; the 
 act of riding at a gallop : v.i. to run 
 with leaps, like a horse; ride a 
 horse at a gallop ; hasten. 
 
 gallopade (-lo-pad'), n. a lively 
 dance ; music appropriate to it ; a 
 curvetting or sidelong gallop. 
 
 galloper (-er), n. one who gallops. 
 
 galloping (-ing), p.adj. going at a 
 gallop ; progressing very quickly. 
 
 gallows ('oz), n. a wooden structure 
 consisting of two uprights with a 
 cross bar on the top ; used for hang- 
 ing criminals ; execution by hanging. 
 
 gallstone (gawl'ston), n. a concre- 
 tion formed in the gall bladder or 
 biliary duct. 
 
 galore (ga-lor'), adv. in great plenty. 
 
 galosh (ga-losh'), n. an overshoe of 
 india-rubber. Also goloshe. 
 
 galvanic (gal-van'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to galvanism ; voltaic ; spasmod- 
 ic. 
 
 gam 
 
 galvanism (-izm), n. that branch of 
 electric science which treats of cur- 
 rents arising from the chemical ac- 
 tion of certain bodies placed in con- 
 tact, or an acid on a metal. 
 
 galvanize (-Iz), v.t. to affect with 
 galvanism ; to imbue with fictitious 
 animation ; to electrotype. 
 
 galvanography (-va-nog'ra-fi), n. a 
 method of reproducing by the elec- 
 trotype process copies of stone and 
 metal objects, so as to resemble a 
 copper-plate engraving. 
 
 galvanometer (-va-nom'e-ter), n. 
 an instrument for measuring the 
 presence, extent, and direction of 
 an electric current. 
 
 galvanometry (-nom'e-tri), n. the 
 art, science, or process of measur- 
 ing currents of electricity. 
 
 galvanoscope ('os-kop), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring delicate cur- 
 rents of electricity. 
 
 gambier (gam'ber), n. a vegetable 
 extract used medicinally as an as- 
 tringent, and for tanning and dyeing. 
 
 gambit ('bit), n. an opening in chess 
 in which a pawn, or piece, is sacri- 
 ficed to obtain a favorable position 
 for the action of the more important 
 pieces. 
 
 gamble ('bl), v.i. to practice gam- 
 ing ; play for money ; risk money on 
 an event or contingency : v.t. to 
 squander in gaming (with away). 
 
 gambler ('bier), n. one who gambles, 
 especially one who gambles as a 
 business. 
 
 gamboge (-booj'), n. a yellow gum- 
 resin obtained from Cambodia, used 
 as a pigment, and as a drastic pur- 
 gative. 
 
 gamboised ('boizd), adj. quilted or 
 
 gambol ('bol), n. a dancing or skip- 
 ping about for joy or sport ; frolic : 
 v.i. \p.t. & p.p. gamboled, p.pr. 
 gamboling], to skip about sportive- 
 ly ; frolic. 
 
 gambrel ('brel), n. the hock of a 
 horse ; a bent stick, resembling a 
 horse's leg, used by butchers. 
 
 gambr el-roof (-roof), n. a curved 
 roof. 
 
 gambroon (-broon'), n. a twilled lin- 
 en fabric used for linings. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gar 
 
 game (gam), n. a sport or diversion; 
 fun ; frolic ; a single match at play ; 
 the advantage required in order to 
 win ; wild animals pursued and 
 killed by shooting or hunting ; any 
 object of pursuit : pi. athletic con- 
 tests : adj. pertaining to game ; 
 ready ; plucky : v.i. to play at any 
 sport or diversion ; play for a stake 
 or prize. 
 
 game-cock ('kok), n. a cock bred 
 and trained for fighting. 
 
 game-fowl ('foul), n. one of a 
 breed of fancy poultry, of a pugna- 
 cious disposition, kept for fighting. 
 
 gameful ('fool), adj. sportive. 
 
 gamely ('li), adv. pluckily. 
 
 gamesome ('sum) , adj. merry ; sport- 
 ive. 
 
 gamete (gam'et), n. a protoplasmic 
 body that in conjunction with an- 
 other forms a zygote. 
 
 gamin ('in), n. a precocious street 
 child ; street Arab. 
 
 gaming (gam'ing), n. the act of 
 playing games for stakes ; gambling. 
 
 gammon ('un), v.t. to impose upon 
 (a person by inducing him to believe 
 improbable stories); hoax; to de- 
 feat at the game of backgammon ; 
 cure by salting and smoking; at- 
 tach or fix a bowsprit to (a ship : n. 
 a hoax ; imposition ; the buttock of 
 a hog salted and smoked : inter j. 
 nonsense ! 
 
 gamut (gam'ut), n. the lines and 
 spaces upon which musical notes 
 are written or printed : hence entire 
 range or extent. 
 
 gamy (gam'i), adj. having the flavor 
 of game. 
 
 gander (gan'der), n. a male goose. 
 
 gang (gang), n. persons associated 
 for some purpose ; a part of a ship's 
 crew selected for special duty ; a 
 lode or course ; a discreditable po- 
 litical faction ; the matrix in which 
 an ore is imbedded. Also gangue. 
 
 gangboard ('bord), n. a plank with 
 pieces of wood fastened on it for 
 going on board a vessel. 
 
 ganger ('er), n. the foreman of a 
 gang of workmen, especially of nav- 
 vies or platelayers. 
 
 ganglion ('gli-on), n. [pi. ganglia 
 (-a), ganglions (-onz)], an enlarge- 
 
 ment in the course of a nerve; an 
 encysted tumor on a tendon. 
 
 ganglionic (-gli-on'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a ganglion. 
 
 gangrene ('gren), n. the first state 
 of mortification : v.t. to mortify : 
 v.i. to become mortified. 
 
 gangue, see under gang. 
 
 gangway (gang'wa), n. a narrow 
 platform of horizontal planks used 
 as a temporary passageway, or to 
 enter a ship ; a passage into or out 
 of any place ; a passageway be- 
 tween two rows of seats ; that part 
 of a ship's side, within or without, 
 by which persons enter or depart ; 
 the waist of a vessel or clear way by 
 the side of the bulwarks ; the main 
 level in a mine. 
 
 gannet ('et), n. the solan goose. 
 
 gantlet, same as gauntlet. 
 
 gaol, same as jail. 
 
 gap (gap), n. an opening; cleft; 
 passage ; hiatus ; breach : v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. gapped, p.pr. gapping], to 
 make a gap in. 
 
 gape (gap), v.i. to open the mouth 
 wide, as from drowsiness, wonder, 
 &c. ; yawn ; open as a. fissure or 
 chasm : n. yawn ; the opening be- 
 tween the mandibles of birds : pi. 
 a disease in poultry. 
 
 garage (ga-raj'), n. a stable or sta- 
 tion for automobiles ; from the 
 French garer to shelter or secure. 
 
 garb (garb), n. a dress; external 
 form : v.t. to clothe. 
 
 garbage ( 'aj ) , n. offal ; refuse. 
 
 garble (gar'bl), v.t. to cleanse by 
 sifting ; select such parts of as are 
 wanted or may serve some particu- 
 lar purpose. 
 
 garboard ('bord), n. the first plank 
 fastened to the keel on the outside. 
 
 garcon ( -song' ) , n. a boy ; waiter 
 [French]. 
 
 garden ('dn), n. a piece of ground 
 set apart for the cultivation of flow- 
 ers, fruit, vegetables, &c. ; a place 
 specially delightful or fertile: v.t. 
 to cultivate as a garden : v.i. to lay 
 out and cultivate a garden. 
 
 gardening ('dn-ing), n. horticul- 
 ture. 
 
 gare (gar), n. coarse wool growing 
 on the legs of sheep. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gar 
 
 gas 
 
 garfish (gar'fish), n. a marine fish 
 with a long body and spear-like 
 snout. 
 
 garget ('get), n. a disease in cattle. 
 
 gargle ('gl), n. sl medicinal liquid 
 for washing the throat and mouth : 
 v.i. to wash the throat and mouth 
 with a gargle. 
 
 gargoyle ('goil), n. in Gothic archi- 
 tecture, a projecting stone water- 
 spout, often in the form of a gro- 
 tesquely-shaped man or animal. 
 
 garibaldi (gar-i-bal'di), n. a loose 
 blouse-shaped shirt, usually red. 
 
 garish (gar'ish), adj. gaudy ; dazzling. 
 
 garland (gar'land), n. a chaplet or 
 wreath made of flowers, &c, a col- 
 lection of choice extracts of prose 
 or poetry ; a netted provision-bag 
 used by sailors ; in heraldry, a 
 wreath of laurel, or oak-leaves and 
 acorns : v.t. to deck or adorn with 
 a garland. 
 
 garlic ('lik), n. a bulbous-rooted 
 plant of the lily family, with a 
 strong pungent taste and unpleasant 
 smell. 
 
 garment ('ment), n. any article of 
 clothing: pi. clothing collectively. 
 
 garner ('ner), n. a granary: v.t. to 
 store for preservation in, or as in, 
 a granary ; gather up. 
 
 garnet ('net), n. a precious stone. 
 
 garnish ('nish), v.t. to adorn; em- 
 bellish with something laid round a 
 dish : n. an ornament or decoration ; 
 something laid round a dish as an 
 embellishment. 
 
 garnishee (-e'), n. the person in 
 whose hands the property of an- 
 other is attached pending the satis- 
 faction of the claims of a third 
 party. 
 
 garnishment (-ment), n. an embel- 
 lishment ; a warning or summons ; 
 especially a notice to a party not to 
 pay money, &c, to a defendant, but 
 to appear in court. 
 
 garniture ('ni-tur),n. embellishment. 
 
 garpihe ('pik), n. the garfish. 
 
 garret (gar'et), n. the uppermost 
 room of a house. 
 
 garrison ('i-sn), n. sl body of troops 
 stationed in a fort or fortified place ; 
 a fortified place with troops, guns, 
 
 &c. : v.t. to furnish (a fortified 
 place) with troops. 
 
 garrot ('ot), n. a kind of torniquet; 
 a sea-duck. 
 
 garrote (-rot'), n. an instrument 
 for strangling a criminal : used in 
 Spain ; strangulation : v.t. to exe- 
 cute with a garrote or by stran- 
 gling; seize by the throat so as to 
 render a person helpless and then 
 to rob him. 
 
 garroter ('er), n. one who is guilty 
 of the crime of garroting. 
 
 garrulity (-roo'li-ti), n. incessant 
 and inconsequent loquacity. 
 
 garrulous (-lus), adj. characterized 
 by garrulity ; verbose. 
 
 garter (gar'ter), n. an elastic band, 
 &c. by which a stocking is held up 
 on the leg; the distinctive badge of 
 the Order of the Garter, the highest 
 order of British knighthood (insti- 
 tuted about 1348 by Edward III.) : 
 v.t. to bind or fasten with a gar- 
 ter ; invest with the Order of the 
 Garter. 
 
 garter-fish (-fish), n. a long thin- 
 bodied fish. 
 
 garter-snake (-snak), an innocuous 
 yellow striped snake, common in 
 America. • 
 
 garth (garth), n. a fish- weir. 
 
 gas (gas), n. [pi. gases ('ez)], mat- 
 ter in its most rarefied state : op- 
 posed to fluid, and solid ; carburet- 
 ted hydrogen used for lighting and 
 cooking ; empty talk : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. gassed, p.pr. gassing], to im- 
 pose upon by empty talk : v.i. to 
 boast or indulge in empty talk. 
 
 gasconade (-kun-ad'), n. boastful or 
 blustering talk : v.i. to bluster ; 
 boast. 
 
 gaselier ('e-ler), n. a gas-burning 
 chandelier. 
 
 gaseous ('e-us), adj. having the na- 
 ture or form of gas. 
 
 gash (gash), n. a deep or gaping 
 wound : v.t. to cut deep. 
 
 gasify (gas'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gas- 
 ified, p.pr. gasifying], to convert 
 into gas. 
 
 gasket ('ket), n. a flat plaited cord by 
 which the sails are furled or tied to 
 the yard ; hemp, &c, used for pack- 
 ing the piston of a steam-engine, 
 
 ite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gas 
 
 &c. ; a thin round piece of rubber, 
 metal, &c, placed between two flat 
 surfaces to make a water-tight 
 joint. 
 
 gasogene ('6-jen), n. an apparatus 
 for making aerated beverages. 
 
 gasolier, another form of gaselier. 
 
 gasoline ('o-len), n. a volatile in- 
 flammable colorless product of petro- 
 leum : used for heating purposes, 
 &c. 
 
 gasometer (-om'e-ter), n. a circular 
 hollow reservoir for storing gas, 
 open at the bottom and closed at 
 the top ; an apparatus for measuring 
 gases. 
 
 gasometry ('e-tri), n. the science or 
 process of measuring gas. 
 
 gasoscope ('o-skop), n. an instru- 
 ment for detecting the presence of 
 inflammable gas. 
 
 gasp (gasp), n. a convulsed pain- 
 ful effort to catch the breath : v.i. 
 to catch the breath with difficulty ; 
 crave earnestly : v.t. to breathe out 
 in gasps (with away). 
 
 gasping ('ing), n. convulsive or dif- 
 ficult breathing. 
 
 gassing (gas'ing), n. pretentious 
 talk. 
 
 gassy* ('0, adj. impregnated with 
 gas; given to pretentious talk; in- 
 flated. 
 
 gastero, a prefix, meaning the stom- 
 ach : found in various compound 
 scientific words, as gasteropod, one 
 of the gasteropoda. Also gastro. 
 
 gasteropoda ( gas-ter-op'o-da ) , n.pl. 
 a division of univalve mollusks, 
 which move by means of a broad 
 muscular foot under the belly, in- 
 cluding the snails and slugs. Also 
 gastropoda. 
 
 gasteropodous (-dus), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the gasteropoda. 
 
 gastralgia (-tral'ji-a), n. neuralgia 
 of the stomach ; stomachache. 
 
 gastric ('trik), adj. pertaining to the 
 stomach. 
 
 gastric juice (jus), n. a thin acid 
 fluid secreted in the mucous mem- 
 brane of the stomach : the chief 
 agent in digestion. 
 
 gastritis (-tri'tis), n. inflammation 
 of the stomach. 
 
 gastro -cephalitis ( sef-a-li'tis ) , n. 
 
 gau 
 
 inflammation of the stomach and 
 brain. 
 
 gastro- enteritis (-en-te-rl'tis), n. 
 inflammation of the stomach and in- 
 testines. 
 
 gastronomic (-tro-nom'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to gastronomy. Also gastro- 
 nomical. 
 
 gastronomically (-al-li), adv. in a 
 gastronomic manner. 
 
 gastronomist (-tron'o-mist), n. an 
 epicure. 
 
 gastronomy (-tron'o-mi), n. the art 
 of good eating, or the preparation 
 of food. 
 
 gastropoda, same as gasteropoda. 
 
 gatch (gach), n. plaster. 
 
 gate (gat), n. a frame of wood, iron, 
 &c, closing an entrance or passage, 
 usually moving on hinges ; a large 
 entrance to a city, castle, &c. ; an 
 avenue ; entrance ; power. 
 
 gather (ga^'er), v.t. to assemble; 
 collect ; bring into one place ; pick 
 up ; glean ; pluck ; accumulate ; 
 pucker or plait ; infer : v.i. to con- 
 gregate ; generate pus ; increase ; 
 ripen : n. a plait or pucker in cloth, 
 made by drawing thread through 
 the folds. 
 
 gathering (-ing), n. the act of as- 
 sembling together; an assemblage; 
 a charitable contribution ; an ab- 
 scess or suppurating tumor. 
 
 gatling gnn (gat'ling-gun), n. a 
 cannon with numerous small barrels, 
 which are discharged in succession 
 by turning a handle. 
 
 gaud ( gawd ) , n. finery ; ornament. 
 Also gaudery. 
 
 gaudily ('i-li), adv. in a gaudy man- 
 ner. 
 
 gaudiness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
 being gaudy. 
 
 gaudy ('i), adj. [comp. gaudier, 
 superl. gaudiest], showy; vulgarly 
 gay or fine. 
 
 gauge (gaj), same as gage. 
 
 gauger ('er), n. one who gauges; 
 an officer of excise who ascertains 
 the contents of casks. 
 
 gauging ('ing), n. the art or science 
 of measuring the contents of ves- 
 sels of capacity. 
 
 Gaul (gawl), n. an inhabitant of an- 
 cient Gaul or France. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
14 TOPAZ (Brazil). 
 Copyright MDCCCXCVI.by V. M. Wright 
 
 PRECIOUS GEMS AS THEY ARE POUND. 
 
gau 
 
 gaunt (glint), adj. pinched and lean. 
 
 gauntlet (giint'let), n. a military 
 or naval punishment, formerly prac- 
 ticed, by which the culprit was 
 compelled to run between two lines 
 of soldiers or sailors, who chastised 
 him with rods, ropes, &c. ; a series 
 of unpleasant events ; a mailed 
 glove, or one with a long wrist-ex- 
 tension. Also gantlet, gantlope. 
 
 gauntleted (-ed), adj. wearing a 
 gauntlet. 
 
 gaur (gawr), n. a large fierce, dark- 
 colored ox found in Indian jungles ; 
 Bengal bison. 
 
 gauze (gawz), n. a very thin light 
 transparent silk or cotton fabric ; 
 light open-work material, as wire 
 gauze. 
 
 gauzy ('i), adj. thin and semi-trans- 
 parent, like gauze. 
 
 gave, p.t. of give. 
 
 gavel (gav'el), n. a small mallet; a 
 small unbound sheaf ; toil or cus- 
 tom : v.t. to bind into sheaves. 
 
 gavial (ga'vi-al), n. the crocodile of 
 the Ganges, with a long, narrow 
 snout. 
 
 gavotte (ga-vot'), n. a lively, but 
 dignified, dance of the minuet class ; 
 a dance-tune in common time. 
 
 gawk (gawk), n. a simpleton; 
 cuckoo. 
 
 gawkiness ( f i-nes), n. the state of 
 being gawky. 
 
 gawky ('0, adj. awkward; ungain- 
 ly: n. a tall, awkward, stupid per- 
 son. 
 
 gay (ga), adj. lively; merry; full of 
 spirits ; cheerful ; sportive ; given to 
 pleasure ; licentious. 
 
 gayal ('al), n. a short-horned, semi- 
 domesticated East Indian ox. 
 
 gaze (gaz), v.i. to look earnestly and 
 fixedly : n. a steady, fixed look. 
 
 gazelle (ga-zel'), n. a small, elegant, 
 swift-footed antelope, with large, 
 soft, black eyes. 
 
 gazette (-zet'), n. English govern- 
 ment bi-weekly newspaper contain- 
 ing official announcements ; news- 
 paper : v.t. to publish in a gazette. 
 
 gazeteer (gaz-e-ter'), n. a dictionary 
 of geographical names. 
 
 gear (ger), n. accoutrements; ap- 
 paratus ; tackle ; harness ; dress ; the 
 
 moving parts of machinery : v.t. to 
 put gear on ; harness ; dress. 
 
 gearing ('ing), n. a train of toothed 
 wheels for transmitting motion ; 
 ropes and tackle. 
 
 gear- wheel ('hwel), n. a cog-wheel. 
 
 gecko (gek'6), n. the wall-lizard. 
 
 gee (je), v.i. to turn to the off side; 
 to move ; stir. 
 
 geese, pi. of goose. 
 
 gelatinate (jel'a-ti-nat), v.t. to con- 
 vert into gelatine or a jelly-like sub- 
 stance : v.i. to be converted into 
 gelatine. Also gelatinize. 
 
 gelatine ('a-tin), n. a transparent 
 nitrogenous animal substance found 
 in bones, hoofs, connective tissue, 
 &c, from which it is extracted by 
 boiling, &c. ; animal jelly. Also 
 gelatin. 
 
 gelatine process (pro'ses), n. a 
 method of photo-engraving by tak- 
 ing a negative on a gelatine film im- 
 pregnated with a bichromate. 
 
 gelation (-a/shun), n. solidification. 
 
 geld (geld), v.t. to castrate: said of 
 horses ; deprive of any essential 
 part. 
 
 gelding ('ing), n. castration; a 
 young horse which has been cas- 
 trated. 
 
 gelid (jel'id), adj. intensely cold; icy. 
 
 gelidity ('i-ti), n. intense cold; ici- 
 ness. 
 
 gelose (jel'os), n. a vegetable gum- 
 my isinglass prepared from seaweed 
 and Chinese moss. 
 
 gem (jem), n. a precious stone; leaf- 
 bud ; any perfect or rare object ; 
 jewel : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gemmed, p.pr. 
 gemming] , to adorn with, or as with, 
 gems. 
 
 gemel- window (-win'do), n. a win- 
 dow with two bays. 
 
 geminate ('i-nat), adj. growing or 
 occurring in pairs. 
 
 gemination (-i-na'shun), n. duplica- 
 tion. 
 
 Gemini ('i-ni), n.pl. one of the signs 
 in the zodiac (Castor and Pollux) ; 
 the Twins. 
 
 gemmule ('ul), n. a small bud; an 
 ovule ; a kind of cell produced by 
 certain molds. 
 
 gemmy Ci), adj. full of, set with, or 
 resembling, a gem ; spruce. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
gem 
 
 gemote (ge-mof), n. an assembly; 
 the court of the hundred, or local 
 court. 
 
 gemsbok (gemz'bok), n. the South 
 African antelope. 
 
 genappe (je-nap'), n. a smooth 
 worsted yarn, used for fringes, &c. 
 
 gendarme (zhang-darm'), n. [pi. 
 gendarmes], in France and Belgium, 
 an armed policeman. 
 
 gendarmerie ('e-re), n. gendarmes 
 collectively. 
 
 gender (jen'der), n. the grammatical 
 distinction of sex, expressed by suf- 
 fixes, prefixes, or by a different 
 word : v.t. to produce. 
 
 genealogical (je-ne or jen-e-a-loj'i- 
 kal), adj. pertaining to genealogy; 
 exhibiting descent. 
 
 genealogist (-al'o-jist), n. one skilled 
 in tracing pedigrees or genealogy. 
 
 genealogize ('o-jlz), v.i. to trace 
 family lineage. 
 
 genealogy ('o-ji), n. [pi. genealogies 
 (-jiz)], family pedigree; lineage; 
 the science that treats of tracing 
 pedigrees. 
 
 genera, pi. of genus. 
 
 general ( jen'er-al ) , adj. relating to a 
 whole genus, kind, class, order, or 
 race ; not special or particular ; 
 pertaining to the majority ; not re- 
 stricted ; usual ; ordinary ; common ; 
 extensive but not universal ; indefi- 
 nite ; taken as a whole ; senior or 
 highest, as Postmaster-General : n. 
 the whole ; the chief part ; a general 
 principle or statement ; the popu- 
 lace ; the commander of an army di- 
 vision or brigade ; the chief of a 
 religious order ; the roll of a drum 
 to summon troops (usually gen- 
 erate). 
 
 generalissimo (-is'i-mo), n. a com- 
 mander-in-chief. 
 
 generality ('i-ti), n. [pi. generali- 
 ties (-tiz)], the state of being gen- 
 eral : opposed to specific ; bulk ; ma- 
 jority. 
 
 generalization ('i-za'shun), n. the 
 act or result of generalizing ; an in- 
 duction. 
 
 generalize ('er-al-iz), v.t. to reduce 
 to, or arrange in, a genus or genera ; 
 infer inductively, as a general prin- 
 ciple from particular instances.- 
 
 gen 
 
 generally (-al-i), adv. commonly; in 
 the main ; without exact limitation. 
 
 generalship (-ship), n. the office, 
 rank, or military skill of a general ; 
 skilful tactics or leadership. 
 
 generate ('er-at), v.t. to produce; 
 procreate ; originate ; trace out or 
 form by motion. 
 
 generation (-a'shun), n. the act or 
 process of generating; a single suc- 
 cession in natural descent ; people 
 of the same period ; progeny. 
 
 generative ('er-a-tiv), adj. pertain- 
 ing to generation ; having the power 
 to generate. 
 
 generator ('er-a-ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, generates ; a machine 
 in which steam or gas is produced; 
 the principal sound or sounds by 
 which other musical sounds are pro- 
 duced. 
 
 generic (je-ner'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to a genus, kind, or class : opposed 
 to specific ; comprehensive. Also ge- 
 nerical. 
 
 generic ally (-al-li), adv. with re- 
 spect to a genus or generic charac- 
 teristics. 
 
 generosity (jen-er-os'i-ti), n. [pi. 
 generosities (-tiz)], the quality of 
 being generous ; liberality ; magna- 
 nimity ; munificence. 
 
 generous (-er-us), adj. characterized 
 by liberality ; munificent ; bounti- 
 ful ; high-minded ; honorable; 
 strong ; stimulating. 
 
 genesis ('e-sis), n. the act or process 
 of producing or originating; begin- 
 ning. 
 
 genet (-et')» ». an animal allied to 
 the civet, valued for its fur ; the fur 
 of a cat made in imitation of genet. 
 Also genette. 
 
 genet (/et), n. a small Spanish horse. 
 Also jennet. 
 
 genial (jen'i-al), adj. kindly and 
 sympathetic in disposition ; cordial ; 
 contributing to cheerfulness and 
 life; agreeably warm and cheerful. 
 
 geniality ('i-ti), n. the quality of 
 being genial ; cheerfulness. 
 
 genially (-li), adv. in a genial man- 
 ner. 
 
 geniculate (je-nik'u-lat), adj. having 
 knee-like joints. 
 
 genie, same as jinn. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gen 
 
 genii, pi. of genius. 
 
 genital (jen'i-tal), adj. pertaining to 
 generation. 
 
 genitival ('i-tiv-al), adj. pertaining 
 to the genitive case. 
 
 genitive ('i-tiv) , n. a grammatical 
 case, indicating origin, possession, 
 or relation. 
 
 genius (jen'ius), n. innate bent of 
 mind or disposition ; remarkable 
 aptitude or natural endowment for 
 some special pursuit, &c. ; character 
 or essential principle ; embodiment ; 
 a person possessed of high mental 
 powers or faculties (pi. geniuses) : 
 a good or evil spirit supposed to 
 preside over the destinies of men 
 (pi. genii). 
 
 genoblast (jen'o-blast), n. the nu- 
 cleus of an impregnated ovum. 
 
 Genoese (-o-ez'), adj. pertaining to 
 Genoa, or to its inhabitants. Also 
 Genovese. 
 
 genre (zhang'r), n. a style of paint- 
 ing or sculpture representing some 
 scene of common life. 
 
 gens (jenz), n. [pi. gentes (jen'tez)], 
 among the ancient Romans, a clan, 
 house, or subdivision of a curia. 
 
 genteel (jen-teT), adj. graceful or 
 elegant in manners or dress ; polite ; 
 well bred. 
 
 gentian ('shian), 11. a bitter herb 
 with tonic roots. 
 
 Gentile ('til), adj. belonging to a 
 non-Jewish people : n. one who is 
 not a Jew. 
 
 gentility (-til'i-ti), n. [pi. gentilities 
 (-tiz)], high or gentle birth; good 
 breeding ; social 'status and refine- 
 ment. 
 
 gentle ('tl), adj. mild and refined in 
 manner and disposition ; kindly ; 
 moderate in action ; peaceful ; docile ; 
 easy ; well born or descended : n. the 
 larva of the flesh-fly; a trained fal- 
 con. 
 
 gentle-folks (-foks), n.pl. persons 
 of good birth or breeding. 
 
 gentleman (-man), n. [pi. gentle- 
 men (-men)], one who is entitled 
 to bear a coat of arms ; a well-bred 
 and honorable man ; a person of in- 
 dependent income ; a term of polite- 
 ness, used in addressing an assem- 
 bly. 
 
 geo 
 
 gentlewoman (-woom'an), n. [pi. 
 gentlewomen (-wim'en)], a woman 
 of good birth and breeding ; lady. 
 
 gently (jen'tli), adv. in a gentle 
 manner. 
 
 gentry ('tri), n. the upper class of 
 society. 
 
 genuflection (-u-flek'shun), n. bend- 
 ing of the knee, especially in wor- 
 ship. Also genuflexion. 
 
 genuine ('u-in), adj. real; unadul- 
 terated ; belonging to, or derived 
 from, the original or true stock ; 
 not hypocritical ; open. 
 
 genus (je'nus), n. [pi. genera (jen'- 
 er-a)], that which has under it sev- 
 eral species or sub-genera, having 
 certain common characteristics : in 
 logic, a class made up of two or 
 more species or subordinate classes. 
 
 geo, a prefix, meaning earth, forming 
 the first element of many scientific 
 words, as #eobotanical, pertaining to 
 geographical botany. 
 
 geocentric (je-o-sen'trik), adj. per- 
 taining, to the center of the earth ; 
 having the earth as the center; 
 viewed from the earth as a center. 
 
 geode ('od), n. a rounded nodule of 
 stone, usually hollow and lined with 
 crystals. 
 
 geodesy (-od'e-si), n. the science of 
 measuring large portions of the 
 earth's surface; the determination 
 of the earth's figure and size. 
 
 geodetic (je-o-det'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, determined by, or carried out by, 
 geodesy. Also geodetical. 
 
 geodetically (-al-li), adv. by geode- 
 sy. 
 
 geodetic line (lin), n. the shortest 
 line between any two points on the 
 earth's surface. 
 
 geographer (-og'ra-fer), n. one who 
 is versed in, or a writer on, geog- 
 raphy. 
 
 geographical (-o-graf'i-kal,) adj. 
 pertaining to geography. 
 
 geographically (-li), adv. with ref- 
 erence to geography. 
 
 geography (-og'ra-fi), n. [pi. geog- 
 raphies (-fiz)], the science that 
 describes the surface of the earth, 
 and its division into continents, 
 kingdoms, &c. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 D. 25. book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
geo 
 
 geological (-o-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to geology. 
 
 geologically (-li), adv. according to 
 geology. 
 
 geologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one versed 
 in geology. 
 
 geology ('o-ji), n. the science that 
 investigates the structure of the 
 earth, the successive physical 
 changes it has undergone, and the 
 causes which have operated in pro- 
 ducing such alterations in the crust 
 of the globe. 
 
 geometer (-om'e-ter), n. a geometri- 
 cian. 
 
 geometric (_-6-met'rik) , adj. pertain- 
 ing to geometry. Also geometrical. 
 
 geometrician (-om-e-trish'an), n. 
 one who is skilled in geometry. 
 
 geometry (-om'e-tri), n. that branch 
 of mathematics that treats of the 
 measurements of lines, angles, sur- 
 faces, and solids. 
 
 geophagism (je-of'a-jizm), n. the 
 habit of earth-eating, common 
 among some Indian and negro tribes. 
 
 georgic (jSr'jik), adj. pertaining to 
 husbandry or rural : n. a poem on 
 agriculture. 
 
 geotropism (je-ot'ro-pizm), n. a 
 tendency in the roots of certain 
 plants to turn in the direction of 
 the earth. 
 
 geranium (-ra'ni-um), n. a plant of 
 various species, cultivated for its 
 handsome scarlet or white flowers. 
 
 germ (jerm), n. the rudimentary 
 form of an organism ; origin ; first 
 principle. 
 
 German (jer'man), adj. pertaining 
 to Germany, its inhabitants, or lan- 
 guage; of the same stock or parent- 
 age; germane. 
 
 germander (-man'der), n. a wild 
 plant of the mint family with a blue 
 flower, used sometimes as a substi- 
 tute for hops. 
 
 germane (jer-man'), adj. related; 
 akin ; relevant ; appropriate. 
 
 Germanic (-man'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to Germany ; Teutonic. 
 
 Germanism (-izm), n. a German 
 idiom, . custom, or characteristic ; 
 love of German institutions. 
 
 germanium (-ma'ni-um), n. one of 
 the metallic elements. 
 
 gew 
 
 Germanize (-iz), v.t. to make Ger- 
 man, in language, customs, &c. 
 
 German-millet (-mil-et), n. an edi- 
 ble grain obtained from a grass. 
 
 German-silver (-sil-ver), n. a white 
 alloy of zinc, nickel, and copper. 
 
 German- text (-tekts), n. a black 
 letter type similar to Old English 
 and modern German. 
 
 germicide (jer'mi-sid), n. a sub- 
 stance used to destroy disease germs. 
 
 germinal ('mi-nal), adj. pertaining 
 to a germ or seed-bud. 
 
 germinant ('mi-nant), adj. sprout- 
 ing ; gradually developing. 
 
 germinate ('mi-nat), v.i. to sprout 
 or bud ; begin to develop into a 
 higher form. 
 
 germination (-na'shun), n. the first 
 act of growth in a seed, bud, or 
 germ. 
 
 germule (jerm'ul), n. a small or in- 
 cipient germ. 
 
 gerrymander (ger'i-man-der), v.t. 
 to divide, as a state, voting district, 
 &c, so as to give an unfair advan- 
 tage to a particular political party; 
 misrepresent ; garble. 
 
 gerund (jer'und), n. a kind of verbal 
 noun. 
 
 gestation (jes-ta'shun), n. pregnan- 
 cy. 
 
 gestatory ('ta-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to gestation. 
 
 gesticulate (-tik'u-lat), v.i. to make 
 gestures or motions, as in speaking 
 or attracting attention. 
 
 gesticulator (-la-ter), n. one who 
 gesticulates. 
 
 gesture ('tur), n. a movement of the 
 face, body, or limbs, to express 
 ideas, emotions, &c. 
 
 get (get), v.t. [p.t. got, p.p. got, got- 
 ten, p.pr. getting], to obtain; pro- 
 cure ; win ; gain ; acquire ; deserve ; 
 meet with ; realize ; learn ; pro- 
 create ; prevail upon : v.i. to arrive 
 at ; become ; find time, opportunity, 
 &c. ; depart quickly. 
 
 getter ('er), n. one who gets or ac- 
 quires. 
 
 getting ('ing), n. acquisition ; profit. 
 
 get-up ('up), n. style, as of dress, 
 &c. 
 
 gewgaw (gu'gaw), n. a showy trifle. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
gey 
 
 geyser (gl'ser), n. an intermittent 
 hot or boiling spring from which 
 water or mud is ejected. Also gey- 
 sir. 
 
 gliastliness (gast'li-nes), n. the 
 quality or state of being ghastly. 
 
 ghastly ('li), adj. death-like; pale; 
 haggard ; cadaverous ; horrible. 
 
 ghaut (gawt), n. in India, a moun- 
 tain pass ; chain of mountains ; a 
 flight of steps to a river, or to a 
 temple ; approach ; a wharf. Ghat. 
 
 gherkin (ger'kin), n. a small cucum- 
 ber used for pickling. 
 
 Ghetto (get'6),w. [pi. ghettos ('oz)], 
 ghetti ('i)], the Jews' quarter. 
 
 ghost (gost), n. the spirit of a de- 
 ceased person ; apparition ; the soul ; 
 breath of life ; shadow ; remotest 
 likelihood ; a false image due to 
 some defect in a lens. 
 
 ghostly ('li), adj. pertaining to the 
 soul ; spiritual ; supernatural. 
 
 ghoul ( gool ) , n. a supposed demon 
 who robs graves and feeds on the 
 flesh of the dead. 
 
 giant (ji'ant), n. a man of extraor- 
 dinary bulk or stature ; one pos- 
 sessed of great physical or intellec- 
 tual power ; one of a race of mon- 
 strous size who, according to classic 
 mythology, assailed the gods : adj. 
 like a giant ; huge. 
 
 giaour (jour), n. the term applied 
 by Mohammedans to unbelievers, 
 especially Christians. 
 
 gibber (gib'er), v.i. to speak inco- 
 herently. 
 
 gibberish (-ish), n. rapid incoherent 
 talk : adj. incoherent. 
 
 gibbet (jib'et), n. a gallows: v.t. to 
 hang on a gibbet ; expose to public 
 scorn or ridicule. 
 
 gibbon (gib'un), n. a long armed 
 anthropoid ape of Southern Asia. 
 
 gibbosity (-os'i-ti), n. [pi. gib- 
 bosities (-tiz)], a round or swelling 
 prominence. 
 
 gibbous ('us), adj. protuberant; ir- 
 regularly rounded ; between full and 
 half-full : said of the moon ; hump- 
 backed. Also gibbose. 
 
 gibe (jib), n. a scoff ; taunt; sneering 
 or sarcastic expression : v.t. to sneer 
 at ; taunt : v.i. to use gibes ; cast re- 
 proaches ; sneer ; scoff. 
 
 gim 
 
 giblet (jib'let), n. one of the edible 
 internal parts of a fowl, goose, &c. 
 
 gid (gid), n. a disease in sheep. 
 
 giddiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being giddy. 
 
 giddy ('i), adj. [comp. giddier, 
 superl. giddiest], having a confused 
 whirling sensation in the head ; friv- 
 olous ; fickle. 
 
 gift (gift), n. something given or be- 
 stowed ; present ; donation ; offering ; 
 benefaction ; natural talent. 
 
 gifted ('ed), adj. talented. 
 
 gig (gig), n. a two-wheeled open 
 chaise drawn by one horse ; a rotary 
 machine for raising nap on cloth ; 
 a long ship's boat, rowed by alter- 
 nate oars, and usually reserved for 
 the commanding officer ; a racing 
 boat ; a whirligig ; a fish-gig : v.i. 
 [p.t. & p.p. gigged, p.pr. gigging], 
 to fish with a fish-gig. 
 
 gigantic (ji-gan'tik), adj. huge; co- 
 lossal. 
 
 giggle (gig'l), v.i. to laugh in a nerv- 
 ous, foolish, tittering manner : n. 
 a nervous, silly laugh. 
 
 gild (gild), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gilded, 
 gilt, p.pr. gilding], to overlay or 
 wash with gold ; give a fair external 
 appearance to ; illuminate : n. an- 
 other form of guild. 
 
 gilding ('ing), n. the art or process 
 of overlaying or covering with gold ; 
 gold leaf, powder,. &c, applied to a 
 surface ; a superficial covering de- 
 signed to give a fair external ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 gill (gil), n. the respiratory organ of 
 aquatic animals, especially fishes ; 
 the wattle of a fowl ; a deep, nar- 
 row glen through which a rivulet 
 flows : pi. the thin spore-bearing 
 lamellae, or plates, under a cap of 
 certain fungi, as a mushroom. 
 
 gill (jil), n. l-4th of a pint; ground- 
 ivy ; a wanton girl ; sweetheart. 
 
 gilling (gil'ing), n. a salmon of the 
 second year. 
 
 gillyflower (jil'i-flou-er), n. one of 
 various plants of the mustard fam- 
 ily, as the wall-flower, stock, &c. 
 
 gilt (gilt), adj. covered with, or yel- 
 low like, gold : n. gilding. 
 
 gimbal (jim'bal), n. one of two brass 
 rings moving within each other at 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
gim 
 
 right angles : used for suspending a 
 mariner's compass, chronometer, 
 &c. 
 
 gimcrack ('krak), adj. showy, but 
 of no value ; trumpery : n. a pretty, 
 useless thing ; toy. 
 
 gimlet (gim'let), n. a small boring- 
 tool with a pointed screw at the 
 end : v.t. to make a hole in with a 
 gimlet. 
 
 gimp (gimp), n. a kind of interlaced 
 silk twist or trimming interwoven 
 with wire or cord ; used for furni- 
 ture, dresses, &c. : v.t. to border with 
 gimp. 
 
 gin (jin), n. an aromatic alcoholic 
 liquid flavored with juniper berries ; 
 a trap or snare ; a machine for clear- 
 ing cotton fibers from the seeds ; a 
 portable hoisting-machine ; a pile- 
 driving machine : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 ginned, p.pr. ginning], to catch in a 
 trap ; clear cotton. 
 
 ginger ('jer), n. the scraped and 
 dried root of a pungent aromatic 
 East & West Indian plant. 
 
 gingerade (-ad'), n. an aerated bev- 
 verage flavored with ginger. 
 
 ginger-beer (-ber), n. an efferves- 
 cent beverage made from ginger, 
 yeast, cream of tartar, and sugar. 
 
 gingerbread (-bred), n. a dark col- 
 ored cake made of flour, ginger, 
 molasses, sugar, &c. 
 
 gingerly (-li), adv. cautiously; 
 daintily. 
 
 gingham (ging'am), n. a cotton 
 dress-cloth dyed in the yarn before 
 weaving ; an umbrella. 
 
 gingko (ging'ko), n. sl Japanese tree 
 with handsome foliage; the maiden- 
 hair tree. 
 
 ginn, same as jinn. 
 
 ginseng (jin'seng), n. an herb with 
 an aromatic root, much valued in 
 China. 
 
 Gipsy (jip'si), n. [pi. Gipsies ('siz)], 
 one of a wandering, dark-skinned, 
 and dark-eyed race, of Eastern, prob- 
 ably Hindu, origin ; the language of 
 the Gipsies (Romany) ; a person of 
 dark complexion ; a hoydenish girl : 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. gipsied, p.pr. gipsy- 
 ing], to picnic or camp out in the 
 woods. Also Gypsy. 
 
 gla 
 
 giraffe (ji-raf), n. the camelopard. 
 girandole (jir'an-dol), n. a branch- 
 ing chandelier; a kind of rotating 
 firework. 
 girasol ('a-sol), n. a variety of opal ; 
 the fire-opal. Also girasole. 
 
 girba (gir'ba), n. a stiff leather water 
 vessel, used in Africa. 
 
 gird (gerd), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. girded, 
 girt, p.pr. girding], to surround with 
 a flexible substance ; bind ; encircle ; 
 gibe ; taunt. 
 
 girder ('er), n. the main beam in a 
 floor. 
 
 girdle (ger'dl), n. a belt or zone for 
 the waist ; anything that encompass- 
 es like a girdle ; a circular band 
 round the shaft of a column : v.t. to 
 bind with, or as with, a girdle ; en- 
 close ; to make a cut round the bark 
 of the trunk of a tree and so kill it. 
 
 girl (gerl), n. a female child; young 
 unmarried woman. 
 
 girt (gert), p.t. of gird : p.adj. moored 
 so taut by two cables as not to 
 swing to the wind or tide. 
 
 girtb (gerth), n. the "band by which 
 the saddle is kept secured on a 
 horse ; the circumference of a tree, 
 animal, &c. ; anything that binds or 
 encircles. 
 
 gist (jist), n. the substance of a mat- 
 ter ; main point ; object. 
 
 gittern (git'ern), n. a cithern. 
 
 give (giv), v.t. [p.t. gave, p.p. given, 
 p.pr. giving], to bestow; confer 
 without price or reward ; grant ; 
 yield; deliver; supply; enable; 
 emit : v.i. to give gifts ; yield to 
 pressure ; grow moist : n. elasticity. 
 
 gizzard (giz'ard), n. the muscular 
 part of the intestinal canal in cer- 
 tain birds. 
 
 glabrous (gla'brus), adj. bald; 
 smooth. 
 
 glace (-sa'), adj. iced or cooled: n. a 
 thin shiny silk. 
 
 glacial ('shi-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 consisting of, or caused by, ice. 
 
 glaciate ('shi-at), v.t. to cover over 
 with, or transform into, ice. 
 
 glacier (gla'shi-er or glas'i-er), n. a 
 vast accumulation of ice and snow 
 found in the valleys and ravines of 
 lofty mountains which moves slowly 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
gla 
 
 down the slopes till it melts or 
 breaks off into icebergs. 
 glacis (gla'sis), n. a sloping bank of 
 earth directly in front of a fortifica- 
 tion and designed for its defense ; a 
 protective slope on an ironclad to 
 throw off hostile shot. 
 glacure (-stir'), n. a thin glaze on 
 the finer sorts of pottery. 
 
 glad, adj. [comp. gladder, superl. glad- 
 dest], in a state of hilarity; joyous; 
 gay ; pleased ; cheerful ; satisfied. 
 
 gladden ('n), v.t. to make glad: v.i. 
 to rejoice. 
 
 glade (glad), n. an open space or 
 passage in a wood or forest ; an 
 open space surrounded by ice. 
 
 gladiate (glad'i-at) , adj. sword- 
 shaped. 
 
 gladiator ('i-a-ter), n. in ancient 
 Rome a professional swordsman who 
 fought in the arena with other men 
 or animals ; a combatant. 
 
 gladiatorial (-a-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
 taining to gladiators or their com- 
 bats. 
 
 gladiolus (gla-dl'o-lus) , n. the sword- 
 lily. 
 
 gladsome (glad'sum), adj. joyous; 
 gay ; pleased ; cheerful. 
 
 Gladstone ('ston or 'stun), n. a four- 
 wheeled pleasure-carriage carrying 
 two. passengers ; a long narrow trav- 
 eling bag with a wide mouth. 
 
 glair (glar), n. the white of egg, used 
 as size or varnish ; any sticky or 
 glairy matter. 
 
 glairy ( 'i ) , adj. consisting of glair. 
 
 glaive, same as glave. 
 
 glamour (glam'er), n. a charm on 
 the eyes causing them to see things 
 differently from what they are in 
 reality; fascination ; witchery : v.t. 
 to fascinate. Glamer. 
 
 glance (glans), n. a sudden shoot of 
 light ; quick passing look of the eye ; 
 a quick momentary view ; a lustrous 
 ore : v.i. to shoot a sudden ray ; view 
 with a quick movement of the eye : 
 v.t. to shoot or dart suddenly or ob- 
 liquely ; allude to in passing. 
 
 gland (gland), n. a bodily organ by 
 which secretion is carried on ; small 
 secreting organ for sap in plants ; 
 an acorn ; a name for various me- 
 chanical contrivances. 
 
 gla 
 
 glanders ('erz), n.pl. a contagious 
 disease in horses, in which mucus is 
 discharged profusely from the nos- 
 trils. 
 glandular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining 
 to, resembling, or having glands ; 
 covered with hairs tipped with 
 glands : said of a plant. 
 
 glandule ('ul), n. a small gland. 
 
 glare (glar), n. a bright dazzling 
 light ; overpowering luster ; a fierce 
 piercing look : v.i. to shine with a 
 dazzling overpowering light ; look 
 with fierce piercing eyes ; be exces- 
 sively gaudy in dress or ornamenta- 
 tion : adj. having a smooth slippery 
 surface, as ice. 
 
 glaring ('ing), p.adj. emitting or re- 
 flecting a dazzling light ; gaudy. 
 
 glass (glas), n. a hard, brittle, trans- 
 parent substance formed of silica 
 and certain metallic oxides ; an in- 
 strument or vessel made of glass ; 
 a drinking glass, or the quantity 
 contained in it ; a mirror ; lens ; a 
 telescope, or barometer : adj. per- 
 taining to, or made of, glass ; vitre- 
 ous : v.t. to mirror, or reflect in a 
 mirror ; glaze. 
 
 glass wort ('wert), n. a plant from 
 which a soda is obtained ; used in 
 glass-making. 
 
 glauberite (glaw'ber-it), n. a min- 
 eral formed of sulphate of lime, and 
 sulphate of soda. 
 
 glauber's-salt ('berz-sawlt), n. sul- 
 phate of soda, used medicinally as a 
 strong purgative. 
 
 glaucous (glaw'kus), adj. sea-green; 
 green with a bluish-grey tinge ; cov- 
 ered with bloom of a bluish-white 
 color. 
 
 glave (glav), n. a cutting weapon 
 fixed to a pole, somewhat resembling 
 a halbert, formerly used by foot sol- 
 diers. Also glaive. 
 
 glaze (glaz), v.t. to furnish with 
 glass ; overlay with a transparent 
 substance resembling glass : v.i. to be- 
 come glassy or glazed : n. the vitreous 
 or glassy coating on potter's ware. 
 
 glazier ('zher), n. one whose, busi- 
 ness is to set glass in windows, &c. 
 
 glazing ('ing), n. a glaze; the opera- 
 tion of setting glass, or applying a 
 glaze ; window-panes ; glass ; semi- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
Sle 
 
 transparent colors passed thinly over 
 other colors to tone down their ef- 
 fect. 
 
 gleam (gleni), n. a stream or shoot 
 of light ; brightness : v.i. to emit 
 brightness ; shoot, or dart, as rays 
 of light. 
 
 glean (glen), v.t. to gather, as grain 
 that the reapers have left ; collect 
 little by little, or piece by piece ; 
 infer : v.i. to gather gleanings : n. a 
 collection made by gleaning ; a col- 
 lection, as of herrings. 
 
 gleaning ('ing), n. the act of collect- 
 ing after reapers ; that which is col- 
 lected laboriously from various 
 sources. 
 
 glebe (gleb), n. land belonging to a 
 parish church, or ecclesiastical bene- 
 fice ; in mining, a plot of land con- 
 taining ore. 
 
 glede (gled), n. the kite. 
 
 glee (gle), n. gaiety; mirth; exhila- 
 ration ; a musical composition for 
 voices in harmony. 
 
 gleeful ('fool), adj. merry, joyous. 
 
 gleet (glet), n. a thin mucous dis- 
 charge resulting from gonorrheal 
 disease. 
 
 glen (glen), n. a narrow valley; a 
 secluded hollow between hills. 
 
 glib (glib), adj. voluble; flippant: n. 
 the tongue ; smooth talk. 
 
 gliddery (glid'er-i), adj. slippery. 
 
 glide (gild), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. glided, 
 p.pr. gliding], flow or move along 
 smoothly and noiselessly ; to slur 
 [Music]: n. the act of gliding; a 
 gliding movement; a slur [Music]. 
 
 gliff (glif), n. a glimpse; brief inter- 
 val ; sudden fear. 
 
 glim (glim), n. a light or candle. 
 
 glimmer ('er), v.i. to shine faintly 
 and intermittently : n. a faint inter- 
 mittent light ; sheen. 
 
 glimpse (glimps), n. a weak, faint 
 light ; transient view ; slight trace : 
 v.t. to catch a glimpse of : v.i. to 
 glance ; appear for the moment. 
 
 glin (glin), n. a haze on the horizon 
 at sea, indicative of a storm. 
 
 glint (glint), n. a gleam of light; sly 
 glance : v.i. to gleam or flash out. 
 
 glioma (gli-o'ma), n. a tumor of 
 rapid growth on the brain, spinal 
 cord, or auditory nerve. 
 
 glo 
 
 glissade (glis-ad'), n. the act of slid- 
 ing down a glacier ; a glide in danc- 
 ing : v.i. to slide, especially down a 
 glacier. 
 
 glissando (-san'do), n. in pianoforte 
 playing, a run by sliding the fingers 
 over the keys; in violin-playing, a 
 quick slur. 
 
 glisten (glis'n), v.i. to sparkle with 
 light ; shine : n. a glitter. 
 
 glitter (glit'er), v.i. to sparkle with 
 light; gleam; be showy, attractive, 
 or specious : n. brilliancy ; specious 
 luster. 
 
 glizade (gli-zad'), n. a sliding move- 
 ment of the foil in fencing. 
 
 gloam (glom), v.i. to begin to grow 
 dark, like twilight ; exhibit sullen- 
 ness or gloom. 
 
 gloaming ('ing), n. twilight: adj. 
 pertaining to twilight. 
 
 gloat (glot) , v.i. to stare or gaze earn- 
 estly or with admiration, often in a 
 bad sense with feelings of lust and 
 cruelty. 
 
 global (glo'bal), adj. pertaining to 
 a globe ; world-wide. 
 
 globate ('bat), adj. globe-shaped. 
 
 globe (glob), n. sl spherical body; 
 ball ; the terraqueous earth ( with 
 the) ; a sphere on which are repre- 
 sented the divisions of the earth, &c. 
 (terrestrial globe), or the heavenly 
 bodies (celestial globe). 
 
 globe-fish ('fish), n. a fish capable 
 of inflating itself to a globular shape. 
 
 globeflower ('flou-er), n. a plant of 
 the crowfoot family with globular- 
 shaped flowers. 
 
 globe-trotter ('trot-er), n. an ex- 
 tensive traveler. 
 
 globi, a prefix in various scientific 
 words, meaning a ball, or ball- 
 shaped. Globo. 
 
 globin ('bin), n. a constituent of red 
 blood corpuscles. 
 
 globular (glob'u-lar) , adj. globe-like ; 
 spherical. Also globose. 
 
 globule ('ul), n. a small spherical 
 particle ; a , minute homoeopathic 
 pill ; a blood- or lymph-corpuscle. 
 
 globulin ('ii-lin), n. an albuminous 
 proteid substance forming one of the 
 constituents of the blood and cellu- 
 lar tissue of plants. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
glo 
 
 glome (glom), n. a roundish bead of 
 flowers. 
 
 glomerate (glom'er-at), adj. gath- 
 ered into a roundish head or mass. 
 
 glonoin (glon'o-in), n. a pure nitro- 
 glycerine. 
 
 gloom (gloom), n. partial darkness; 
 obscurity ; melancholy ; depression ; 
 sadness ; sullenness : v.i. to be, or 
 become, cloudy or partially dark ; 
 present a gloomy aspect : v.t. to 
 make gloomy ; deject or sadden. 
 
 gloomily ('i-li), adv. in a gloomy 
 manner. 
 
 gloominess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being gloomy. 
 
 gloomy ('i), adj. [comp. gloomier, 
 superl. gloomiest], overspread with, 
 or enveloped in, darkness ; dismal ; 
 melancholy ; dispirited ; cheerless ; 
 morose. 
 
 gloria (glo'ri-a), ft. an ascription of 
 praise, especially the Gloria in Ex- 
 celsis and Gloria Patri ; a musical 
 setting of these. 
 
 glorification (-ri-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of glorifying ; exaltation to honor 
 and dignity ; a jollification. 
 
 glorify ('ri-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. glori- 
 fied, p.pr. glorifying], to raise in 
 honor and dignity ; magnify and 
 honor in worship ; adore ; beautify. 
 
 gloriole ('ri-6l), n. a. circle of light. 
 
 gloriosa (-ri-o'sa), ft. a genus of 
 plants of the lily family, with bright 
 red or yellow flowers. 
 
 glorious ('ri-us), adj. full of glory; 
 illustrious ; celebrated ; magnificent ; 
 exalted. 
 
 glory ('ri), ft. [pi. glories ('riz)], 
 splendor ; magnificence ; brightness ; 
 praise ascribed in adoration ; distinc- 
 tion ; renown ; honor ; the Divine 
 perfection or presence ; the felicity 
 of heaven ; in art, a circle of rays 
 surrounding the head of a saint : v.i. 
 [p.t. & p.p. gloried, p.pr. glorying], 
 to rejoice or exult (witb in). 
 
 gloss (glos), n. luster from a polished 
 surface ; specious show ; an explana- 
 tion or comment to elucidate some 
 difficulty or obscurity in the text ; a 
 plausible, specious representation : 
 v.t. to explain by notes or com- 
 ments ; palliate by plausible repre- 
 
 glo 
 
 sentation ; varnish ; make glossy : 
 v.i. to annotate. 
 
 glossa ('a), n. [pi. glossae ('e)], the 
 tongue, especially of insects. 
 
 glossarial (-a'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or of the nature of, a glossary. 
 
 glossary ('a-ri), n. [pi. glossaries 
 (-riz) ], a dictionary of obsolete, ob- 
 scure, or technical words. 
 
 glossily ('i-li), adv. in a glossy man- 
 ner. 
 
 glossiness ('i-nes), n. superficial lus- 
 ter. 
 
 glossitis (-I'tis), n. inflammation of 
 the tongue. 
 
 glosso, a prefix in scientific Words 
 meaning tongue, or tongue-like, as 
 glossocele, protrusion of the tongue 
 due to inflammation. 
 
 gloss o graph, (glos'o-graf ), n. an in- 
 strument for recording the vibra- 
 tions of the tongue in speaking. 
 
 glossography (-og'ra-fi), n. an an- 
 atomical description of the tongue. 
 
 glossology (-ol'o-ji), ft. that branch 
 of anthropology which treats of the 
 classification of languages ; compar- 
 ative philology. 
 
 glossonomy (-on'o-mi), n. the sci- 
 ence of language and the laws which 
 govern it. 
 
 glossy ('i), adj. [comp. glossier, 
 superl. glossiest], having a lustrous 
 smooth surface ; smooth and plausi- 
 ble. 
 
 glottal (glot'al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or produced by, the glottis. 
 
 glottic ('ik), adj. pertaining to the 
 tongue. 
 
 glottis ('is), n. the small elastic ob- 
 long opening at the top of the wind- 
 pipe. 
 
 glove (gluv), ft. a hand-covering with 
 a separate sheath for each finger : 
 pi. boxing-gloves : v.t. to cover with, 
 or as with, a glove. 
 
 glover ('er), ft. a maker or seller of 
 gloves. 
 
 gloving ('ing), n. glove-making. 
 
 glow (glo), v.i. to shine with intense 
 heat ; radiate heat and light ; be in- 
 candescent ; be red or flushed ; be 
 animated with passion, love, zeal, 
 &c. : ft. intense or shining heat ; in- 
 candescence ; redness, or brightness 
 of color ; passion ; ardor. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
glo 
 
 glower (glou'er), v.i. to stare with a 
 threatening or angry countenance ; 
 frown. 
 
 glowworm (glo'werm), n. a beetle, 
 the wingless female of which emits 
 a shining green light at night. 
 
 gloxinia (gloks-in'i-a), n. a genus of 
 tropical plants with bell-shaped 
 flowers. 
 
 gloze (gloz), v.t. to gloss over. 
 
 glucic acid (gloo'sik as'id), n. a col- 
 orless honey-like compound obtained 
 by the action of acids from cane- 
 sugar. 
 
 glucinum (-si'num), n. a metallic 
 element resembling magnesium. 
 
 glucose ('kos), n. the particular form 
 of sugar existing in many animal 
 and vegetable organisms : it is pro- 
 duced for commercial use by the ac- 
 tion of sulphuric acid on starch. 
 
 glue (gloo), n. a tenacious viscid ce- 
 ment made by boiling some animal 
 substance to a jelly : v.t. to unite or 
 cement with glue. 
 
 gluey ( 'i ) , adj. like glue ; sticky. 
 
 glum (glum), adj. gloomy; moody; 
 sullen. 
 
 glume (gloom), n. the husk of corn 
 or grasses. 
 
 glut (glut), n. a superabundance : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. glutted, p.pr. glutting], 
 to fill to repletion ; oversupply. 
 
 gluten (gloo'ten), n. a tough grey al- 
 buminous substance obtained from 
 wheat and other grains. 
 
 glutinous ('ti-nus), adj. viscid; 
 gluey. 
 
 glutton (glut'n), n. one who eats to 
 excess ; a carnivorous animal, the 
 wolverine. 
 
 gluttonize (-iz), v.i. to act as a 
 glutton. 
 
 gluttonous (-us), adj. pertaining to, 
 or characterized by, gluttony. 
 
 gluttony (-i), n. pi. gluttonies 
 (-iz)], the act or habit of eating to 
 excess. 
 
 glyceric (glis'er-ik), adj. obtained 
 from glycerine. 
 
 glyceride (-Id), n. an ether of glyc- 
 erine. 
 
 glycerine (glis'er-in), n. a sweet col- 
 orless viscid liquid obtained from 
 oils, fat, &c. : used extensively in 
 
 gno 
 
 various manufactures and medicine. 
 Also glycerin. 
 
 glycerol, another name for glycerine. 
 
 glycogen (gll'ko-jen), n. a white in- 
 soluble starch-like substance ob- 
 tained from the livers of animals. 
 
 glycol (gll'kol, or 'kol), w. a viscid 
 liquid, intermediate between glycer- 
 ine and alcohol. 
 
 glyph (glif), n. a perpendicular flut- 
 ing. 
 
 glyphic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
 carving or sculpture : n. a hiero- 
 glyphic. 
 
 glyphography (-og'ra-fi), n. a meth- 
 od of producing engravings in re- 
 lief for printing, similar to electro- 
 typy, after etching the picture on 
 a copperplate covered thinly with 
 wax. 
 
 glyptic (glip'tik), adj. pertaining to 
 engraving on gems ; figured : n.pl. 
 the art of engravging designs on pre- 
 cious stones, ivory, &c. 
 
 glyptograph ('to-graf), n. a design 
 cut or engraved on a gem. 
 
 gnarl (narl), n. a knot on the trunk 
 or branch of a tree. 
 
 gnarled ('d), adj. full of knots; dis- 
 torted. 
 
 gnash (nash), v.t. to strike together, 
 as the teeth : v.i. to grind the teeth 
 in anger or agony. 
 
 gnat (nat),n. a small stinging winged 
 insect of several species, allied to 
 the mosquito. 
 
 gnaw (naw), v.t. to bite off, or eat 
 away, by degrees ; corrode ; bite in 
 agony, rage, or despair ; fret : v.i. 
 to exercise the teeth in biting re- 
 peatedly; act as if by continual 
 biting. 
 
 gneiss (nls), n. a crystallized rock 
 composed of quartz, mica, and feld- 
 spar. 
 
 gnome (nom),«. a fabulous deformed, 
 diminutive goblin, supposed to dwell 
 in the earth or to be the guardian 
 spirit of miners ; a pithy or sen- 
 tentious saying. 
 
 gnomic ('mik), adj. dealing in, or 
 containing, pithy or sententious say- 
 ings ; didactic. Also gnomical. 
 
 gnomide ('mid), n. a female gnome, 
 supposed to keep guard over dia- 
 monds. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ten. 
 
gno 
 
 god 
 
 gnomiometrical (-mi-6-met'ri-kal) , 
 adj. employed in the measurement 
 of angles. 
 
 gnomon ('mon), n. the style which 
 by its shadow on a dial shows the 
 time of day ; the figures made up of 
 the two complements of a parallelo- 
 gram, together with either of the 
 parallelograms about the diameter. 
 
 gnomonics ('iks), n.pl. the science 
 of dialing. 
 
 gnosiology (no-si-ol'o-ji), n. that 
 branch of philosophy that treats of 
 the principles of cognition. 
 
 gnosis ('sis), n. higher knowledge or 
 insight. 
 
 Gnostic (nos'tik), adj. pertaining to 
 the Gnostics or the adherents of 
 Gnosticism. 
 
 gnostic, adj. knowing; shrewd. 
 
 Gnosticism ('ti-sizm), n. a system 
 of religion and Greek and Oriental 
 philosophy (lst-6th century A.D.) 
 intermediate between Christianity 
 and paganism. 
 
 gnn ( nod ) , n. a ruminant horned ani- 
 mal with a head resembling a buf- 
 falo, of the antelope kind, inhabit- 
 ing South Africa. 
 
 go (go), v.i. [p.t. went, p.p. gone, 
 p.pr. going], to depart; proceed; 
 move on ; pass from one state or 
 place to another ; conduce ; contrib- 
 ute; be habitually used or said; 
 pass current ; succeed ; fall out or 
 terminate ; move by mechanism ; 
 strike, as a clock ; act in harmony 
 with ; fit or suit ; be expended ; car- 
 ry young in the womb : n. the fash- 
 ion ; enterprise or push ; difficulty 
 or scrape ; a glass of spirits. 
 
 goa ('a), n. the Tibetan gazelle. 
 
 goad (god), n. a pointed stick to urge 
 on cattle : v.t. to urge on with, or as 
 with, a goad ; stimulate : v.i. to act 
 as a goad. 
 
 goaf (gof), n. [pi. goaves (govz)], 
 a place left in the old workings of a 
 coal mine ; the coal-waste left there. 
 
 goal (gol), n. the winning post at a 
 race or at football : hence, the end 
 aimed at. 
 
 goat (got), n. a ruminating horned 
 quadruped with long hair. 
 
 goatee (go-te'), n. a goat-like beard. 
 
 gobble (gob'l), v.t. to swallow hasti- 
 ly or greedily : v.i. to utter a cry like 
 a turkey : n. the noise of a turkey ; 
 a quick straight stroke in putting at 
 golf. 
 
 gobelin (go'be-lin, go'blin, go-be- 
 lang' ) , n. a superior kind of French 
 tapestry. 
 
 go-between ('be-twen), n. an inter- 
 mediary. 
 
 goblet (gob'let), n. a drinking- vessel 
 with a stem and without a handle. 
 
 goblin ('lin), n. an evil, mischievous 
 spirit ; gnome ; fairy. 
 
 goby (go'bi), n. [pi. gobies ('biz)], 
 a fish of peculiar shape. 
 
 go-by ('bi), n. avoidance; evasion. 
 
 go-cart ('kart), n. a contrivance for 
 teaching children to walk; a child's 
 cart ; a light village cart. 
 
 God (god), n. the Supreme Deity, 
 and self-existent Creator or Up- 
 holder of the Universe. 
 
 god, n. a supernatural' being conceived 
 of as possessing divine powers or 
 attributes ; idol ; a person or thing 
 deified or honored to excess ; an oc- 
 cupant of the upper gallery of a 
 theater. 
 
 godchild ('child), n. one for whom 
 one is sponsor at baptism. 
 
 goddess ('des), n. a female deity; a 
 woman of superior charms or excel- 
 lence. 
 
 godfather ('fa-JTie'r), n. one who 
 acts as sponsor to another at bap- 
 tism : v.t. to act as godfather to. 
 
 Godhead ('hed), n. the Divine es- 
 sence, nature, and attributes ; the 
 Supreme Deity. 
 
 godhood ('hood), n. divinity. 
 
 godliness ('li-nes), n. piety; devo- 
 tion. 
 
 godly ('li), adj. devout; pious. 
 
 God-man ('man), n. the union of 
 deity and manhood in Jesus Christ. 
 
 godmother ('muth-er) , n. a female 
 sponsor at baptism. 
 
 godroon (go-droon'), n. fluting or 
 beading of olive shape. 
 
 God's-acre (godz'a-ker), n. a church- 
 yard. 
 
 godsend (god'send), n. unexpected 
 assistance or acquisition. 
 
 godspeed ('sped), n. success. 
 
 godwit ('wit), n. a curlew-like bird. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
goe 
 
 gon 
 
 goer (go'er), n. one who, or that 
 which, goes. 
 
 goffer (gofer), v.t. to form flutes 
 in ; crimp. 
 
 goffering (-ing), n. fluting for frills, 
 &c. ; indented ornamentation on the 
 edge of a book. 
 
 goggle (gog'l), v.i. to strain or roll 
 the eyes : adj. staring ; prominent : 
 n. a strained or affected rolling of 
 the eyes : pi. a particular kind of 
 spectacles for protecting the eyes 
 from dust, excessive light, &c. 
 
 going (go'ing), n. the act of depart- 
 ing or moving ; state of roads. 
 
 goiter (goi'ter), n. a swelling of the 
 glands in the front part and side or 
 the neck : prevalent in mountainous 
 districts. 
 
 goitrous ('rus), adj. affected with 
 goiter. 
 
 Golconda (gol-kon'da), n. a mine of 
 wealth. 
 
 gold (gold), n. a metallic element, 
 soft, ductile, and of a bright yellow 
 color when pure ; money ; wealth ; 
 precious or pure quality ; in archery, 
 the bull's-eye. 
 
 gold-beater ('be-ter), n. one who 
 beats gold into thin leaves for gild- 
 ing. 
 
 go Id- bug ('bug), n. one who advo- 
 cates gold as the only money stand- 
 ard. 
 
 gold-carp ('karp), n. the goldfish. 
 
 golden (gold'n), adj. formed of, con- 
 sisting of, or resembling, gold ; shin- 
 ing ; lustrous like gold ; bright ; most 
 valuable ; excellent. 
 
 golden age, n. the fabled primeval 
 age of perfect human happiness and 
 innocency. 
 
 golden number (num'ber), n. a 
 number which shows the year of the 
 moon's cycle. 
 
 golden-pheasant (-fez-ant), n. a 
 handsome Chinese pheasant. 
 
 golden rod (-rod), n. a tall plant of 
 the aster family with yellow flowers. 
 
 golden rule (rool), n. the rule to 
 treat others as we ourselves wish 
 to be treated (cf. Matthew vii. 12). 
 
 goldfields ('feldz), n.pl. auriferous 
 deposits and diggings in Australia, 
 Alaska, California, South Africa, 
 &c. 
 
 goldfinch ('finch), n. a beautiful 
 singing bird with yellow-streaked 
 wings and a red throat. 
 
 goldfish ('fish), n. an orange-col- 
 ored fresh-water fish of the carp 
 family. 
 
 goldsmith ('smith), n. a worker in 
 gold, or dealer in gold-plate. 
 
 goldy locks (-loks), n. a common 
 name for various plants with yellow 
 flowers, as the buttercup. 
 
 golf (golf), n. a game played with a 
 small gutta-percha ball and club- 
 headed sticks, the object being to 
 drive the ball into a series of small 
 holes with the fewest possible 
 strokes : v.i. to play golf. 
 
 Golgotha (gol'go-tha), n. (Hebrew 
 the place of a skull ) the place where 
 Jesus Christ was crucified. 
 
 golgotha, n. a burial place. 
 
 gommer (gom'er), n. milled amel- 
 corn (an inferior wheat) : much 
 used in parts of Germany as an in- 
 gredient in soups. 
 
 gomphiasis (-fl'a-sis), n. looseness 
 of the teeth. 
 
 gomuti (go-moo'ti), n. a tough hair- 
 like fiber obtained from the sago- 
 palm : used for cordage ; ejoo. 
 
 gonad (gon'ad), n. a germ-gland. 
 
 gonagra (go-nag'ra), n. gout in the 
 knee. 
 
 gondola (gon'do-la), n. a long nar- 
 row Venetian pleasure boat pro- 
 pelled by one oar; a flat-bottomed 
 boat or railway car used for carry- 
 ing coal, produce, &c. 
 
 gondolier (-do-ler'), n. the rower of 
 a gondola. 
 
 gondolino (-le'no), n. a racing gon- 
 dola. 
 
 gone (gon), p. adj. ruined; lost; char- 
 acterized by faintness or weakness; 
 carried away : said of a spar, &c. 
 
 goneness ('nes), n. a state of weak- 
 ness or collapse. 
 
 goner ('er), n. one who is lost or 
 ruined. 
 
 gonfalon ('fa-Ion), n. standard or 
 ensign, usually with streamers. 
 
 gong (gong), n. a tambourine-shaped 
 musical instrument of bronze, which 
 is struck by a padded stick. 
 
 goniometer (go-ni-om'e-ter), n. an 
 instrument for measuring angles. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
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gon 
 
 gono, a prefix in many scientific 
 words, meaning generation, repro- 
 duction, as gonoblast, a reproduc- 
 tive cell or bud. 
 
 gonophore (gon'6-for), n. the gen- 
 erative bud or receptacle of a hy- 
 drozoan ; in plants, an elongated re- 
 ceptacle elevating the pistil and sta- 
 mens above the floral envelope. 
 
 gonorrhoea (-re'a), n. a venereal dis- 
 ease. 
 
 good (good), adj. [comp. better, su- 
 perl. best], having excellent quali- 
 ties ; proper, fit for, adapted, or con- 
 ducive to, any particular object ; 
 pious ; moral ; kind ; well-disposed ; 
 favorable ; beneficial ; convenient ; 
 useful ; unblemished ; adequate ; ex- 
 pedient ; reliable ; w T ell-informed ; 
 full ; not irritable : n. that which 
 contributes to happiness ; moral 
 qualities ; prosperity ; benefit : pi. 
 household furniture; merchandise: 
 inter], an expression of assent or 
 pleasure. 
 
 Good Friday (fri'da), n. a fast held 
 in commemoration of the crucifixion 
 of Jesus Christ on the Friday be- 
 fore Easter Day. 
 
 goodliness ('li-nes), n. grace; physi- 
 cal beauty. 
 
 goodly ('li), adj. [comp. goodlier, 
 tfuperl. goodliest], good-looking; no- 
 ble ; considerable ; pleasant. 
 
 goodman ('man), n. the master of a 
 house. 
 
 goodness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being good ; benevolence ; ex- 
 cellence. 
 
 goods and chattels (chat'lz), n. 
 personal property. 
 
 goodwife ('wif), n. [pi. goodwives 
 ('wivz)], the mistress of a house. 
 
 goodwill (-wil'), n. benevolence; 
 kindly feeling ; the value a business 
 has over and above stock-in-trade, 
 &c. ; the money paid for such value ; 
 friendly disposition. 
 
 goody ('i), adj. affectedly or weakly 
 pious ; namby-pamby : n. {pi. good- 
 ies) a person affectedly or weakly 
 pious ; a poor old rustic woman ; a 
 kind of sweetmeat. 
 
 googul (goo'gul), n. a gum obtained 
 from a tree of the myrrh family. 
 
 go* 
 
 goose (gods), n. [pi. geese (ges)], a 
 web-footed domesticated bird of the 
 genus Anser ; a tailor's smoothing 
 iron ; a silly person. 
 
 gooseberry (gooz'ber-i), n. [pi. 
 gooseberries (-iz)], the fruit of a 
 shrub of the genus Ribes ; the shrub 
 itself : adj. made of gooseberries. 
 
 gooseneck (goos'nek), n. a bent iron 
 fitted to the extremity of a boom or 
 yard. 
 
 goose wing ('wing), n. a studding- 
 sail ; the lower corner of a fore-sail 
 or square main-sail when the body 
 of the sail is furled. 
 
 gopher (go'fer), v.i. to mine unsys- 
 tematically : n. a North American 
 burrowing, rat-like rodent ; a wood 
 mentioned in the Old Testament 
 (Gen. vi. 14). 
 
 goral ( 'ral ) , n. the Nepaul antelope. 
 
 Gordian (gor'di-an), adj. pertaining 
 to the Phrygian King Gordius, or to 
 the intricate knot tied by him in his 
 harness, which Alexander the Great 
 cut with his sword. 
 
 gordian, n. anything intricate or 
 difficult. 
 
 gore (gor), n. congealed or clotted 
 blood ; a triangular piece sewn into 
 a dress, sail, &c. ; a narrow or tri- 
 angular piece of land : v.t. to pierce 
 as with a horn ; furnish with gores : 
 said of a garment, &c. 
 
 gorge (gorjh n. the throat; gullet; 
 that which is gorged or swallowed; 
 a narrow passage between moun- 
 tains or hills : v.t. to swallow with 
 greediness or in large mouthfuls : 
 satiate : v.i. to feed greedily. 
 
 gorged (gorj'd), adj. having a gorge; 
 in heraldry, bearing a crown or the 
 like about the neck. 
 
 gorgeous ('jus), adj. glittering in 
 various colors ; splendid ; showy ; in- 
 clined to magnificence. 
 
 gorget ('jet), n. a protective piece 
 of armor for the throat or neck ; a 
 crescent-shaped breast-plate. 
 
 Gorgon ('gun), n. one of three sis- 
 ters in Greek mythology whose as- 
 pect was so terrible that anyone who 
 beheld them was turned to stone. 
 
 gorgoneia (-go-nl'a), n.pl. masks 
 carried in the form of Gorgons' 
 heads : used as keystones in arches. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Men. 
 
gor 
 
 gorilla (go-ril'a), n. an African an- 
 thropoid ape some 5 ft. in height 
 with powerful limbs ; the largest 
 ape known. 
 
 gor man d (gor'mand), n. a greedy or 
 ravenous eater ; glutton ; a connois- 
 seur in table delicacies. 
 
 gormandize (-Iz), v.i. to eat greedi- 
 ly or voraciously. 
 
 gorse (gors), n. the common furze; 
 whin. 
 
 gorsy ('i), adj. covered with gorse. 
 
 gory (gor'i), adj. covered or stained 
 with gore. 
 
 goshawk (gos'hawk), n. a raptorial 
 bird of the hawk family. 
 
 gosling (goz'ling), n. a young goose; 
 a catkin. 
 
 gospel (gos'pel), n. the announce- 
 ment of the salvation of mankind by 
 Jesus Christ ; the history of the life 
 and doctrines of Jesus Christ, con- 
 tained in the four canonical books 
 of SS. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and 
 John ; a selection from these in the 
 Church service ; the general doc- 
 trines of the New Testament ; some- 
 thing received as infallibly true : 
 adj. pertaining to the gospel. 
 
 gospeler (-er), n. an evangelist; the 
 priest who reads the gospel at the 
 altar. 
 
 gossamer ('a-mer), n. a very fine 
 spider's web which floats in the air ; 
 a very thin soft filmy strong gauze : 
 adj. very thin, like gossamer ; flim- 
 sy. 
 
 gossip ('ip), n. familiar or idle talk; 
 scandal ; a babbler ; formerly a 
 sponsor, neighbor, or friend : v.i. to 
 tell idle tales about others; tattle; 
 chat. 
 
 got, p.t. of get. 
 
 Goth (goth), n. one of an ancient 
 Teutonic tribe that overran the Ro- 
 man Empire (3rd and 4th centuries 
 A.D.) ; an uncivilized person, espe- 
 cially one who is destitute of artis- 
 tic taste. 
 
 Gothic ('ik), adj. pertaining to the 
 Goths or their language ; denoting 
 the style of architecture character- 
 ized by high and pointed arches, 
 clustered columns, &c. : n. the lan- 
 guage of the Goths ; the Gothic or 
 pointed style of architecture. 
 
 gow 
 
 gouge (gouj), n. a rounded hollow 
 chisel for cutting grooves or holes; 
 a swindle: v.t. to scoop out with a 
 gouge : v.i. force out the eye with 
 the thumb or finger. 
 
 gouger ('er), n. one who, and that 
 which, gouges ; a swindler. 
 
 gourami (goo'ra-mi), n. an Oriental 
 fish, cultivated for food. Also go- 
 ramy. 
 
 gourd (gord), n. a plant and fruit 
 of various species of the genus Cu- 
 curbita, the shell of which is used 
 for holding liquids; a *gourd-shaped 
 vessel. 
 
 gourmet (goor'ma')> n. an epicure. 
 
 gout (gout), n. a painful inflamma- 
 tory disease of the joints or extremi- 
 ties, especially of the great toe. 
 
 gouty (gout'i), adj. pertaining to, or 
 affected with, gout. 
 
 govern (guv'ern), v.t. to control by 
 authority; regulate; direct; man- 
 age ; steer ; restrain ; require to be 
 in a particular mood, case, &c. : v.i. 
 to exercise authority ; administer 
 the law. 
 
 governance (-ans), n. government; 
 control. 
 
 governante (-ant), n. & governess; 
 duenna. 
 
 governess (-es), n. a lady who trains 
 and instructs children ; an instruc- 
 tress ; teacher. 
 
 governing (-ing), p. adj. exercising 
 control ; prevalent ; ruling. 
 
 government (-ment), n. the act of 
 governing ; administration of pub- 
 lic affairs; established state of le- 
 gal authority ; executive power ; 
 self-control ; relation between two 
 words by which one determines the 
 case or mood of another. 
 
 governmental (-men'tal), adj. per- 
 taining to, connected with, or pro- 
 ceeding from, the government. 
 
 governor ('ern-er), n. one who is 
 invested with supreme authority ; 
 chief ruler ; tutor ; a mechanical de- 
 vice for regulating the speed of an 
 engine, &c. 
 
 gown (goun), n. a woman's outer 
 garment, or dress ; a long loose robe 
 worn by university or professional 
 men : the emblem of peace ; a long 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
gow 
 
 loose outer covering or wrapper, as 
 a dressing-gown, &c. 
 
 gowned (gound), adj. attired in a 
 gown. 
 
 gownsman (z'man), n. one who 
 wears a gown professionally ; a ci- 
 vilian. 
 
 gowt (gout), n. a sluice in an em- 
 bankment for letting out water. 
 
 grab (grab), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. grabbed, 
 p.pr. grabbing], to seize suddenly 
 and forcibly ; snatch : n. a sudden 
 and forcible seizure : a large East 
 Indian coaster with two or three 
 masts. 
 
 grabble ( '1 ) , v.i. tof eel about ; grope. 
 
 grabouge (gra-boozh'), n. a card 
 game. 
 
 grace (gras), n. any excellence, char- 
 acteristic attraction, or endowment, 
 natural or acquired ; elegance of 
 action or language ; beauty ; embel- 
 lishment : the unmerited favor and 
 love of God towards man in Christ ; 
 divine sanctifying, regenerating, 
 and preserving influence ; spiritual 
 excellence ; virtue ; a brief prayer 
 before or after meals ; a respectful 
 title of address appplied to an arch- 
 bishop or duke ; behavior or de- 
 meanor ; indulgence or privilege ; in 
 music, an ornamental note or pas- 
 sage ; an act, vote, or decree of the 
 governing body of a university or 
 college : v.t. to adorn or embellish ; 
 honor ; dignify ; favor. 
 
 graceful ('fool), adj. full of grace 
 or beauty ; easy and elegant in man- 
 ner or demeanor. 
 
 gracefully (-li), adv. in a graceful 
 manner. 
 
 grace-note ('not), n. an ornamental 
 note. 
 
 gracious (gra'shus), adj. showing or 
 bestowing grace, kindness, or mer- 
 cy ; affable ; polite. 
 
 grackle (grak'l), n. a starling-like 
 bird. 
 
 gradate (gra'dat), v.t. to produce in 
 grades ; blend by gradation. 
 
 gradatim (gra-da'tim), adv. by de- 
 grees. 
 
 gradation (gra-da'shun), n. a regu- 
 lar advance or progress, step by 
 step ; regular arrangement ; a grad- 
 
 )W" V gra 
 
 ual blending of one tint into an- 
 other ; series ; order. 
 
 gradatory (grad'a-to-ri), adj. pro- 
 ceeding by gradations ; suited for 
 walking: n.pl. (gradatories) a se- 
 ries of steps leading from a cloister 
 into a church. 
 
 grade (grad), n. a step or degree in 
 rank, dignity, quality, order, &c. ; 
 the rise or descent of a railroad, &c. : 
 v.t. to level and prepare (ground) 
 for laying the rails of a railway ; 
 arrange in a regular series, v.i. to 
 take rank. 
 
 gradely ('li) , adv. decently ; properly. 
 
 gradient (gra'di-ent), adj. advancing 
 by steps ; walking or running on 
 legs ; ascending or descending in a 
 certain proportion n. the incline of 
 a railway or road ; in meteorology, 
 the rate of atmospheric pressure or 
 temperature._ 
 
 gradine (-den), n. a sculptor's 
 toothed chisel ; a tier of seats (gra- 
 ding') . 
 
 gradual (grad'u-al), adj. proceeding 
 by degrees ; step by step ; regular 
 and slow : n. a response sung after 
 the Epistle ; an ancient book of an- 
 thems or scripture sentences : so 
 called because some were chanted on 
 the steps of the pulpit. Also grad- 
 uate, grail. 
 
 gradually (-li), adv. in a gradual 
 manner. 
 
 graduate ('u-at), n. one on whom 
 an academical degree has been con- 
 ferred : v.t. to mark with degrees or a 
 scale ; temper : v.i. to take or re- 
 ceive an academical degree ; change 
 by degrees : adj. having been gradu- 
 ated. 
 
 graduation (-a/shun), n. the con- 
 ferring or reception of an academi- 
 cal degree ; regular progression ; a 
 marking into degrees or parts. 
 
 graduator ('u-a-ter), n. an instru- 
 ment for dividing lines into equal 
 minute parts ; an electro-magnet for 
 making and breaking gradually a 
 telegraphic circuit. 
 
 gradus (gra'dus), n. a dictionary of 
 Greek and Latin prosody (Gradus 
 ad Parnassum). 
 
 graffito (graf-fe'to), n. [pi. graffiti 
 ('te)L rude writing, or sketching, 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl : me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gra 
 
 on the wall of an ancient building, 
 as at Rome. 
 
 graft (graft), n. a small shoot of a 
 tree inserted into another tree : 
 hence something incorporated with 
 a foreign stock ; an unlawful or ir- 
 regular perquisite ; a bribe : v.t. to 
 insert as a shoot in another tree ; 
 join so as to receive support from 
 another thing ; In surgery, to trans- 
 plant (tissue) : v.i. to practice graft- 
 ing ; to accept bribe money. 
 
 grail (gral), n. a dish or chalice, es- 
 pecially the Holy Grail (Sangreal), 
 the cup used by Jesus Christ at the 
 Last Supper, said to have been pre- 
 served by Joseph of Arimathea, who 
 collected in it some of the blood 
 which flowed from our Lord on His 
 crucifixion ; a gradual. Also graal. 
 
 grain (gran), n. any minute hard 
 mass; a single seed of corn;, the 
 smallest particle or amount ; a unit 
 of weight = l-20th of a scruple, 
 l-24th of a pennyweight ; the ar- 
 rangement of particles in a body ; 
 texture ; a red dye obtained from 
 cochineal insects : pi. the refuse of 
 malted barley : v.t. form into grains ; 
 to paint in imitation of the grain of 
 wood. 
 
 grainer ('er), n. one who imitates 
 the grain or texture of wood ; a 
 graining tool. 
 
 graining ('ing),) n. painting in imi- 
 tation of the grain or texture of 
 wood ; a process in dyeing ; the peb- 
 bling of paper or leather in book- 
 binding. 
 
 gram, see gramme. 
 
 grama-grass (gra/ma-gras), n. a 
 low pasture grass of the West and 
 Southwest United States. 
 
 grainer cy (gra-mer'si), inter j. great 
 thanks ! 
 
 graminivorous ( gram - i - ni v'o - rus ) , 
 adj. feeding on grasses. 
 
 grammalogue ('a-log), n„ in pho- 
 nography, a word represented by a 
 single sign. 
 
 grammar ('er), n. the art of speak- 
 ing or writing a language correct- 
 ly; the science that treats of the 
 principles that govern the correct 
 use of language; an elementary 
 treatise. 
 
 gra 
 
 grammarian (-ma'ri-an), n. one 
 who is versed in grammar ; a phi- 
 lologist. 
 
 grammatical (-at'ik-al), adj. per- 
 taining to grammar, or its rules. 
 
 grammatically (-li), adv. in a gram- 
 matical manner. 
 
 grammaticism ('i-sizm), n. a point 
 in grammar. 
 
 grammaticize ('i-siz), v.t. to ren- 
 der grammatical. 
 
 gramme (gram), n. the unit of 
 weight in the metric system, 15.43 
 grains troy. Also gram. 
 
 grammopetalous (-o-pet'a-lus), adj. 
 having the petals very narrow. 
 
 gramophone ('6-fon), n. an instru- 
 ment for recording and reproducing 
 
 ' speech. 
 
 grampus ('pus), n. a large cetacean, 
 akin to the porpoise ; a corpulent 
 person. 
 
 gr&na&illa (gran-a-dil'a), n. the edi- 
 ble fruit of a species of passion- 
 flower. 
 
 granary ('a-ri), n. [pi. granaries 
 ( -riz ) ] , a store-house for grain ; a 
 country where grain is the chief 
 product. 
 
 grand (grand), adj. high in dignity 
 or power ; illustrious ; chief ; great ; 
 magnificent ; splendid ; sublime ; no- 
 ble ; of striking excellence or im- 
 pressive dignity ; conceived or ex- 
 pressed in dignified language ; com- 
 prehensive ; complete ; the second 
 degree of parentage or descent: n. 
 a grand piano. 
 
 grandam (gran'dam), n. a grand- 
 mother ; an old woman. 
 
 grandchild (grand'child), n. the 
 child of one's son or daughter. 
 
 granddaughter ('daw-ter), n. the 
 daughter of one's son or daughter. 
 
 grandee (gran-de'), n. a Spanish no- 
 bleman of the highest rank. 
 
 grandeur ('jur), n. greatness; vast- 
 ness ; sublimity ; splendor of ap- 
 pearance ; social distinction and 
 display; elevation of thought, sen- 
 timent, or demeanor. 
 
 grandfather (grand'fa-tffter), n. the 
 father of one's father or mother. 
 
 grandiloquent ( gran - dil'6-kwent ) , 
 adj. speaking in, or characterized 
 by, a lofty or bombastic style. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
gra 
 
 grandiose ('di-os), adj. really or af- 
 fectedly grand or impressive. 
 
 grandparent ('par-ent), n. the par- 
 ent of one's parent. 
 
 grandsire ('sir), n. a grandfather; 
 male ancestor. 
 
 grandson ('sun), n. the son of one's 
 son or daughter. 
 
 grand vizier (viz'er), n. the chief 
 minister of the Turkish Empire. 
 
 grange (granj), n. a farm with its 
 dwelling-house, appurtenances, &c. ; 
 a local lodge of the Patrons of Hus- 
 bandry, a powerful agricultural as- 
 sociation in the United States. 
 
 granite (gran'it), n. a massive crys- 
 talline rock composed of quartz, 
 feldspar, and mica. 
 
 granitic (-it'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or formed of, granite. 
 
 granitoid (gran'i-toid), adj. resem- 
 bling granite. 
 
 granivorous (gra-niv'o-rus), adj. 
 eating grain ; living on seeds. 
 
 granny, abbreviation of grandmother. 
 
 grant (grant), v.t. to give or confer, 
 especially in response to a request ; 
 admit as true (what has not been 
 proved) ; concede ; transfer the title 
 of, for any good consideration : n. 
 the act of granting ; a gift ; a be- 
 stowing ; an allowance ; the thing 
 conveyed; an admission or conces- 
 sion. 
 
 grantee (-e'), n. the person to whom 
 property is transferred by deed, &c. 
 
 granter ( 'er ) , n. one who grants. 
 
 grantor ('er), n. one who transfers 
 property by deed, &c. 
 
 granular (gran'u-lar), adj. composed 
 of, or resembling, grains or granules. 
 
 granulate ('u-lat), v.t. to form into 
 grains or small masses ; roughen 
 the surface of : v.i. to become granu- 
 lar. 
 
 granule ('til), n. a small grain or 
 particle. 
 
 granulose ('u-los), n. the more solu- 
 ble part of starch grains in plants, 
 capable of being formed into sugar. 
 
 grape (grap), n. the fruit of the 
 grape-vine; a vine of the genus 
 Vitis ; grape-shot. 
 
 grapery ('er-i), n. a vinery. 
 
 grape-shot ('shot), n. a cluster of 
 
 gra 
 
 small shot arranged in tiers of three 
 shots each between plates, so as to 
 disperse when fired. 
 
 graphic (graf'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 the art of writing or delineating ; 
 vividly described ; well delineated ; 
 life-like. Also graphical. 
 
 graphically (-al-li), adv. in a graph- 
 ic manner. 
 
 graphite ('It), n. a metallic variety 
 of carbon. 
 
 graphitic (gra-fit'ik), appertaining 
 to, or obtained from, graphite. 
 
 grapho, a prefix meaning writing or 
 delineation, as grap foophone, an in- 
 strument resembling the phono- 
 graph, but having a rubber cylinder 
 instead of one of wax. Also graph. 
 
 graphology (graf-ol'o-ji), n. the art 
 of describing character by the hand- 
 writing. 
 
 graphometer (-om'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring the degrees 
 in an angle. 
 
 graphophone, see under grapho. 
 
 grapho type ('6-tIp), n. a chemical 
 process for producing surface-blocks 
 speedily; the chalk process. 
 
 grapnel (grap'nel), n. a kind of 
 small anchor usually with flukes : 
 heavy tongs used for lifting stoned 
 ice, &c. 
 
 grapple (grap'l), v.t. to lay fast hold 
 of: v.i. struggle or contend in close 
 fight : n. a close fight ; a seizing ; 
 close hold, as in wrestling, &c. ; a 
 mechanical device for taking hold 
 of anything. 
 
 grasp (grasp), v.t. to seize or catch 
 at ; hold by clasping or contracting : 
 v.i. to endeavor to seize ; struggle 
 or grapple; lay hold of greedily; 
 encroach : n. a seizure of the hand ; 
 reach of the hand ; power of seiz- 
 ure; hold; intellectual capacity. 
 
 grasping ('ing), p. adj. avaricious. 
 
 grass (gras), n. field or hill pasture; 
 herbage having hollow-jointed stalks, 
 a husky calyx, and the seed single ; 
 springtime; that which is subject 
 to decay : v.t. to cover with grass 
 or turf; bleach, by exposure on 
 grass ; pasture or graze. 
 
 grasshopper ('hop-er), n. a small 
 nimble insect of the locust kind. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gra 
 
 grassiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being grassy. 
 
 grass- widow ('wid-o), n. a wife 
 whose husband is abroad. 
 
 grassy ('i), adj. abounding in, cov- 
 ered with, or like, grass. 
 
 grate (grat), n. a framework of iron 
 bars to hold fuel ; a set of bars : v.t. 
 to rub or wear away by the friction 
 of a rough body ; produce a sound 
 of by the friction of rough or hard 
 surfaces ; grind down ; furnish with 
 a grate : v.i. make a harsh noise ; 
 produce mental irritation. 
 
 grateful ('fool), adj. thankful; 
 pleasurable. 
 
 gratefully (-li), adv. in a grateful 
 manner. 
 
 graticulation (gra-tik-u-la'shun), n. 
 the art of dividing a plan, &c, into 
 small squares for reduction or en- 
 largement. 
 
 gratification (grat-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the act of gratifying ; satisfaction * 
 pleasure ; reward or recompense. 
 
 gratify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. grati- 
 fied, p.pr. gratifying], to afford 
 pleasure to; indulge; delight; hu- 
 mor. 
 
 grating (grat'ing), n. an open frame- 
 work or lattice of bars: p.adj. 
 harsh ; irritating. 
 
 gratis (gra'tis), adv. gratuitously. 
 
 gratitude (grat'i-tud), n. the state 
 of being grateful ; appreciation of 
 favors received ; thankfulness. 
 
 grattoir ( grat-twar' ) , n. a chipped 
 stone or flint implement. 
 
 gratuitous ( gra-tu'i-tus ) , adj. free- 
 ly bestowed ; voluntary ; without 
 cause or provocation ; granted with- 
 out merit or claim. 
 
 gratuity ('i-ti), n. [pi. gratuities 
 (-tiz)], a donation or present; free 
 gift. 
 
 gravamen (gra-va'men), n. cause 
 of complaint or action. 
 
 grave (grav), adj. serious; solemn: 
 thoughtful ; sedate ; important ; in 
 grammar, the grave, or long-sound- 
 ing accent ; plain ; slow in move- 
 ment ; very deep in pitch [Mus.] : 
 n. an excavation in the earth for 
 the reception of a dead body ; place 
 of interment ; place of great slaugh- 
 ter or mortality; the place of the 
 
 gre 
 
 dead (Hades) : v.t. to shape or 
 carve by cutting with a chisel; en- 
 grave. 
 
 gravel (grav'l), v.t. to cover with 
 gravel ; run aground on a beach : 
 said of a vessel ; embarrass ; lame 
 a horse by gravel under the shoe t 
 n. fragments of rock coarser than 
 sand, and frequently intermixed 
 with it ; a disease occasioned by the 
 presence of calculi in the bladder 
 and kidneys. 
 
 gravelly (-li), adj. composed of, or 
 abounding in, gravel. 
 
 gravely (grav'li), adv. in a grave 
 manner. 
 
 graver ('er), n. a cutting tool used 
 by engravers and sculptors ; an en- 
 graver, or carver in stone. 
 
 gravied (gra'vid), adj. covered, or 
 served with, gravy. 
 
 gravimeter (gra-vim'e-ter), n. an 
 instrument for measuring the spe- 
 cific gravity of liquid or solid bodies. 
 
 gravimetric (grav-i-met'rik), adj. 
 determined by weight. 
 
 graving (grav'ing), n. the act of en- 
 graving or incising ; the clearing of 
 the bottom of a ship. 
 
 gravitate (grav'i-tat), v.i. to be 
 acted upon or attracted by the force 
 of gravity ; be naturally attracted. 
 
 gravitation (-i-ta' shun), n. the force 
 which attracts material bodies to 
 each other. 
 
 gravity ('i-ti), n. that force which 
 tends to draw all bodies towards 
 the center of the earth ; weight ; im- 
 portance ; seriousness ; solemnity ; 
 weight of guilt; lowness of a tone 
 or note [Mus.]. 
 
 gravy (gra'vi),w. [pi. gravies ('viz)], 
 the fatty juice from roasting flesh. 
 
 gray, another form of grey. 
 
 grayling (gra'ling), n. a fresh- water 
 fish of the salmon family. 
 
 (graz), v.t. to furnish pasture 
 for ; touch or rub lightly : v.i. to eat 
 grass ; move along while grazing : n. 
 a slight rub or touch. 
 
 grazier (gra'zher), n. one who pas- 
 tures cattle or breeds them for the 
 market. 
 
 grease (grez), n. soft animal fat; 
 oily matter ; inflammation of the 
 hoof and fetlock in horses, with a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ere 
 
 fetid discharge : v.t. to smear or 
 rub with grease ; cause to move easi- 
 ly ; bribe. 
 
 greaser ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, greases; a Mexican, or Mex- 
 ican Creole. 
 
 greasily- ('i-li), adv. in a greasy 
 manner. 
 
 gr easiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being greasy. 
 
 greasy ('i), adj. [comp, greasier, su- 
 perl. greasiest], resembling, smeared, 
 or spotted with, grease ; oily ; unctu- 
 ous ; foggy ; muddy. 
 
 great (grat), adj. large; chief; prin- 
 cipal ; weighty ; marvelous ; emi- 
 nent ; illustrious ; high in rank or 
 position ; sublime ; noble ; able ; ac- 
 complished ; long-continued ; mag- 
 nanimous ; high-minded ; wealthy ; 
 sumptuous ; proud ; swollen ; preg- 
 nant ; intimate ; denoting a step of 
 ascending or descending consanguin- 
 ity : adv. very much : n. the whole, 
 or gross; noble, or influential, peo- 
 ple. 
 
 Greater Britain ('er-brit'n), n. 
 the colonies of Great Britain. 
 
 great primer (grat prim'er), n. a 
 size of type (see type). 
 
 great seal (sel), n.the chief official 
 seal of a kingdom, government, state, 
 &c. \ 
 
 Great Spirit (spir'it > , n. the title 
 applied to the Supreme Being by 
 the Red Indians. 
 
 greaves (grevz), n.pl. armor to pro- 
 tect the legs from the ankle to the 
 knee ; the sediment of melted tallow. 
 
 grebe (greb), n. a four-toed tailless 
 diving bird. 
 
 Grecian (gre'shan), adj. pertaining 
 to Greece ; a native or inhabitant of 
 Greece ; a Greek scholar. 
 
 Grecian bend (bend), n. a fashion 
 prevalent among women in 1868 of 
 bending the body forward in walk- 
 ing. 
 
 Grecism ('sizm), n. a Greek idiom. 
 
 Grecize (gre'siz), v.t. to make Gre- 
 cian ; translate into Greek : v.i. to 
 imitate the Greeks in language, man- 
 ner, &c. 
 
 Greco, a prefix meaning Greek. 
 
 greed (gred), n. avarice; greediness. 
 
 gre 
 
 greedily ('i-Ii), adv. in a greedy 
 manner. 
 
 greediness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
 being greedy. 
 
 greedy ('i), adj. [comp. greedier, 
 superl. greediest], voracious; glut- 
 tonous ; eagerly desirous ; covetous. 
 
 Greek (grek), adj. pertaining to, or 
 resembling, Greece or the Greeks ; 
 Hellenic : n. a Grecian ; the lan- 
 guage of ancient and modern Greece ; 
 something unintelligible. 
 
 Greek Church (cherch) , n. the East- 
 ern or Oriental Church. 
 
 Greek-cross ('kros), n. a cross with 
 four equal arms. 
 
 Greek-fire ('fir), n. an inflammable 
 material used by the ancient Greeks 
 in warfare : said to have been inex- 
 tinguishable in water. 
 
 Greek orders (or'derz), n.pl. in 
 architecture, the Doric, Ionic, and 
 Corinthian orders. 
 
 green (gren), adj. having the color 
 of growing grass or plants; of a 
 color composed of blue and yellow; 
 fresh ; flourishing ; unripe ; not 
 salted ; immature ; inexperienced ; 
 raw; pale; sickly; not four months 
 old : said of a goose : n. the color of 
 growing grass or plants ; a color 
 composed of blue and yellow; a 
 grass plot or common : v.t. to make 
 green : v.i. to become green. 
 
 greenback ('bak), n. a paper money 
 (U. S. legal-tender note) with a 
 green back, first issued in 1862. 
 
 greenfinch ('finch), n. the green 
 grosbeak. 
 
 greenfly ('fli), n. a green plant- 
 louse. 
 
 greenhorn ('h6rn), n. a simpleton; 
 novice. 
 
 greenhouse ('hous), n. a conserva- 
 tory. 
 
 greenroom ('room), n. the actors' 
 retiring-room in a theater. 
 
 green sickness ('sik-nes), it. chloro- 
 sis. 
 
 greet (gret), v.t. to salute in kind- 
 ness or respect ; congratulate : v.i. 
 to exchange greetings. 
 
 greeting ('ing), n. salutation; wel- 
 come. 
 
 gregale (gra-ga'la), n. a cold dry 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, ,awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 
 D. 26 
 
 book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 
 
gre 
 
 northeast wind prevailing at Malta ; 
 the euroclydon. 
 
 gregarian (gre-ga'ri-an), adj. liv- 
 ing in herds ; common. 
 
 gregarina (greg-a-ri'na), n. a very 
 minute parasite belonging to the 
 Protozoa. 
 
 gregarious (gre-ga'ri-us), adj. asso- 
 ciating or going together in herds. 
 
 grege (grej), n. raw silk. 
 
 Gregorian calendar (kal'en-der), 
 n. the reformed calendar introduced, 
 1582, by Pope Gregory XIII. 
 
 Gregorian chant (chant), 11. the 
 mediaeval system of choral music, in- 
 troduced by Pope Gregory the 
 Great ; plain song. 
 
 gremial (gre'mi-al), n. an ecclesias- 
 tical vestment worn by a bishop of 
 the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 grenade (gren-ad'), n. an explosive 
 shell fired by a fuse and thrown by 
 hand. 
 
 grenadier (gren-a-der'), n. originally 
 a foot soldier who threw grenades, 
 now a soldier of th^e Grenadier 
 Guards. 
 
 grenadine ( -a-den' ) , n. a dress fabric 
 of thin gauzy silk or wool ; a dye- 
 stuff. 
 
 gres (gra), n. a fine stoneware made 
 in Germany. 
 
 grew, p.t. of grow. 
 
 grey (gra), adj. of a white color 
 with a mixture of black ; hoary ; ma- 
 ture : n. the color of white mixed 
 with black ; a grey horse. 
 
 greybeard ('berd), n. an old man. 
 
 greyhound ('hound), n. a slender 
 swift hound used for coursing. 
 
 griddle (grid'l), n. a broad shallow 
 pan, used for cooking cakes ; a large 
 sieve for sifting ore. 
 
 griddle-cake (-kak), n. a thin but- 
 ter cake. 
 
 gride (grid), v.t. to jar harshly. 
 
 gridelin (grid'e-lin), n. a color mixed 
 of white and red, or a grey violet. 
 
 gridiron ('Irn), n. a grated iron 
 utensil for broiling meat or fish ; a 
 contrivance for examining and re- 
 pairing the hulls of ships. 
 
 grief (gref), n. mental pain on ac- 
 count of present or past trouble ; 
 that which causes sorrow or sad- 
 ness ; physical pain. 
 
 gri 
 
 grievance (grev'ans), n. a sense of 
 wrong or oppression ; just or sup- 
 posed ground of complaint; an in- 
 justice ; cause of annoyance. 
 
 grieve (grev), v.t. to cause to ex- 
 perience grief; afflict mentally: v.i. 
 to be in sorrow ; lament. 
 
 grievous ('us), adj. causing grief or 
 sorrow ; hard to be borne ; painful ; 
 oppressive ; pitiable ; atrocious ; vex- 
 atious. 
 
 griffin ('in), n. a fabulous animal 
 with the body and legs of a lion, 
 the wings and beak of an eagle, and 
 with listening ears ; a watchful 
 chaperon. Also griffon and gryphon. 
 
 grig (grig), n. a grasshopper; crick- 
 et ; the sand-eel ; heather. 
 
 grill (gril), v.t. to broil; torment, 
 as if by grilling : v.i. to be broiled : 
 n. a gridiron ; grilled meat. 
 
 grillade (-ad'), n. the act of grill- 
 ing ; grilled meat. 
 
 grillage ('aj), n. an arrangement of 
 sleepers and crossbeams forming a 
 foundation in loose or marshy soil 
 for erections. 
 
 grille (gre-la'), n. lace with a back- 
 ground of parallel bars. 
 
 grille (gril), n. an open grating or 
 •screen of wrought metal; a kind of 
 frame for hatching fish. 
 
 grim (grim), adj. [comp. grimmer, 
 superl. grimmest], of a forbidding 
 aspect ; stern and surly ; hideous ; 
 frightful ; cruel ; unyielding. 
 
 grimace (gri-mas'), n. a distortion 
 of the countenance ; smirk : v.i. to 
 make grimaces. 
 
 grimalkin (-mawl'kin), n. an old 
 cat. 
 
 grime (grim), n. foul matter; dirt 
 deeply ingrained : v.t. to make dirty 
 or grimy. 
 
 grimily ('i-li), adv. in a grimy man- 
 ner. 
 
 griminess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being grimy. 
 
 grimy ('i), adj. full of grime. 
 
 grin (grin), n. the act of closing the 
 teeth and showing them ; a broad 
 smile : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. grinned, p.pr. 
 grinning], to show the teeth in 
 laughter, scorn, or pain : v.t. to ex- 
 press by grinning. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, nof; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gri 
 
 grind (grind), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 ground, p.pr. grinding], to pulverize 
 or reduce to powder by friction ; 
 sharpen or smooth by friction ; 
 grate ; oppress ; harass ; prepare for 
 examination ; study hard : v.i. to 
 perform the act of grinding ; be 
 rubbed together ; turn a mill : n. the 
 act of grinding ; hard study for an 
 examination ; laborious and tedious 
 work. 
 
 grinder ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, grinds ; a molar tooth ; one 
 who coaches pupils for an examina- 
 tion. 
 
 grindstone ('ston), n. a flat, circu- 
 lar stone for sharpening tools, &c. 
 
 grinningly (grin'ing-li)_, adv. with a 
 grin. 
 
 grip (grip), n. a grasp with the 
 hand ; a holding fast ; that by which 
 anything is held firmly ; a particular 
 mode of grasping the hand, as 
 among Freemasons ; grasping 
 power ; a small ditch or trench ; 
 grippe : v.t. to grasp, or seize : v.i. 
 to take fast hold. 
 
 gripe (grip), n. a clasping with the 
 hand or arms ; a squeeze ; pressure ; 
 pinching distress : pi. colic : v.t. to 
 hold with closed fingers; grasp; 
 hold tightly ; seize ; clutch ; oppress ; 
 pinch : v.i. to take firm hold. 
 
 griping ('ing), adj. avaricious. 
 
 grippe (grip, or grep), n. influenza. 
 Also grip. 
 
 gripper (grip'er), n. one who, or 
 that which, grips ; a mechanical de- 
 vice for seizing and holding. 
 
 grisaille (gri-zal' or gri-za'ya), n. 
 a method of painting in grey tints, 
 so as to represent a solid body in 
 bas-relief. 
 
 grisette (gre-zef), n. a Parisian 
 shop-girl ; a French girl of the 
 operative class who dresses coquet- 
 tishly ; a moth. 
 
 griskin (gris'kin), n. a hog's spine. 
 
 grisly (griz'li), adj. terrible; savage- 
 looking. 
 
 grisly, same as grizzly. 
 
 grison (gri'sun), n. a carnivorous 
 mammal of South America resem- 
 bling a weasel. 
 
 grist (grist), n. grain for grinding; 
 ground corn ; provision or supply. 
 
 gro 
 
 gristle (gris'l), n. cartilage. 
 
 gristly ('li), adj. cartilaginous. 
 
 gril (grit), n. rough, hard particles, 
 as sand, &c. ; a hard sandstone com- 
 posed of sharp silicious grains ; the 
 coarse part of meal ; firmness of 
 character ; courage : pi. oats hulled 
 and coarsely ground. 
 
 grittiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being gritty. 
 
 gritty ('i), adj. composed of, con- 
 taining, or resembling, grit ; cour- 
 ageous. 
 
 grizzly ('li), adj. somewhat grey: 
 n. the grizzly bear, a large, fierce, 
 bear of North America. 
 
 groan (gron), n. a low, deep sound 
 uttered in pain or sorrow; a deep, 
 rumbling sound expressive of dis- 
 approbation or ridicule ; a low, dis- 
 mal sound, as of the wind : v.i. to 
 utter a groan ; lament ; be burdened : 
 v.t. to express disapproval of by 
 groans. 
 
 groat (grot), n. formerly a silver 
 coin current in England, value 4d. ; 
 a trifling sum : pi. hulled oats. 
 
 grocer (gro'ser), n. one who sells 
 groceries. 
 
 grocery (-i), n. [pi. groceries (-iz)], 
 tea, coffee, sugar, spices, &c. (usu- 
 ally pi.) ; a grocer's shop; a grog- 
 shop. 
 
 grog (grog), n. a mixture of spirits 
 and water ; spirituous liquor : v.t. 
 to make into grog by the addition 
 of water. 
 
 groggery ('er-i), n. a low drinking 
 place ; a grog-shop. 
 
 grogginess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being groggy. 
 
 grogging ('ing), n. the extraction of 
 spirits from empty casks by hot 
 water. 
 
 groggy ('i), adj. tipsy; moving with 
 an unsteady gait : said of horses ; 
 staggering as if dazed : said of a 
 pugilist. 
 
 groin (groin), n. the depressed part 
 of the human body between the thigh 
 and the belly ; the angular curve 
 made by the intersection of two 
 arches : v.t. to build or form into 
 groins. 
 
 grommet (grom'et), n. a ring formed 
 of a strand of rope laid round ; an 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gro 
 
 eyelet of metal ; a cannon-wad made 
 of rope, and rammed between the 
 powder and the ball. 
 
 groom (groom), n. el man or boy who 
 has charge of horses ; a bridegroom ; 
 the title of several officers of the 
 royal household : v.t. to feed and 
 take care of, as a groom does a 
 horse ; curry and brush. 
 
 groomsman (groomz'man), n. one 
 who attends a bridegroom ; best 
 man. 
 
 groove (groov), n. a channel or fur- 
 row, especially as cut by a tool ; set- 
 tled habit or routine : v.t. to form 
 or cut a groove in. 
 
 grope (grop), v.i. to feel one's way 
 with the hands, as in the dark ; seek 
 blindly : v.t. to search out, as in 
 the dark, by feeling with the hands. 
 
 gros (gro), n. a. heavy silk fabric. 
 
 grosbeak (gros'bek), n. the name of 
 various warblers with a large stout 
 beak, allied to _the_ finches. 
 
 grosgrain (gro'gran), n. a stout 
 double-corded silk. 
 
 gross (gros), adj. bulky; thick; 
 coarse ; rude ; indelicate ; flagrant ; 
 dull ; heavy ; corpulent ; dense ; 
 whole : n. 12 dozen ; main body ; 
 mass ; entire amount. 
 
 grossuline (gros'u-lin), n. a prin- 
 ciple obtained from certain acid 
 fruits, as gooseberries. Also grossa- 
 line. 
 
 grot (grot), n. a grotto [Poet.]. 
 
 grotesque (gro-tesk'), adj. fantas- 
 tically or oddly formed ; extrava- 
 gant ; whimsical ; ridiculous : n. 
 whimsical ornamentation, figures, or 
 scenery ; the incongruous or uncouth 
 in art. 
 
 grotto (grot'o), n. a natural or arti- 
 ficial cavern in the earth. 
 
 grotto-work (-werk), n. ornamental 
 work in imitation of grottos. 
 
 ground (ground), n. the earth or 
 soil ; surface of a floor or pave- 
 ment ; land ; territory ; country ; es- 
 tate ; foundation ; cause or reason : 
 origin ; original principle ; a funda- 
 mental or preparatory part in va- 
 rious arts ; plain song : pi. dregs 
 or sediment : v.t. to place or set on, 
 or in, the ground ; settle in first 
 principles ; base ; cover with paint 
 
 gr© 
 
 or plaster ; run aground : v.i. to take 
 the ground ; place dependence on : 
 adj. fundamental : p.t. & p.p. of 
 grind. 
 ground-hog ('hog), n. the wood- 
 chuck ; the aardvark. 
 
 groundsel ('sel), n. a v weed of the 
 aster family with yellow flowers. 
 
 ground-swell ('swel), n. a broad, 
 deep, heavy, rolling sea, caused by a 
 distant storm or earthquake. 
 
 group (groop), n. a small crowd or 
 assemblage ; a cluster ; an assem- 
 blage of figures or objects forming 
 an artistic whole; a division of 
 organisms with certain characteris- 
 tics ; the chief division of a geological 
 system : v.t. to form into a group. 
 
 grouse (grous), n. red and black 
 heath-game ; partridge ; pheasant ; 
 prairie-hen. 
 
 grout (grout), n. mortar or cement 
 mixed with gravel, used for founda- 
 tions and joints of masonry ; a fine 
 plaster for ceilings ; coarse meal : v.t. 
 to surround or fill in with grout. 
 
 grouty (grout'i), cross; sulky; dreg- 
 gy- 
 grove (grov), n. a small wood; a 
 row of trees shading an avenue. 
 
 grovel (grov'el), v.i. to lie prone; 
 move with the body prostrate on the 
 ground ; be mean or debased. 
 
 groveler (-er), n. one who grovels. 
 
 groveling (-ing), p. adj. lying pros- 
 trate ; mean ; undignified. 
 
 grow (gro), v.t. [p.t. grew, p.p. 
 grown, p.pr. growing], to cultivate: 
 v.i. to increase in stature or size 
 by natural organic development; be 
 produced by vegetation ; increase ; 
 flourish ; thrive ; become ; advance ; 
 become fixed or attached. 
 
 growl (groul), n. & deep angry snarl 
 or murmur : v.i. to snarl or murmur 
 like a dog ; grumble. 
 
 growler ('er), n. one who, and that 
 which, growls ; a North American 
 perch; a four-wheeled cab; pitcher 
 or pail of beer. 
 
 grown, p.p. of grow. 
 
 growth, (groth), n. the progressive 
 increase of animal or vegetable bod- 
 ies ; advancement ; increase ; prog- 
 ress ; result ; effect. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
gru 
 
 grub (grub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. grub- 
 bed, p.pr. grubbing], to dig up; root 
 out of the ground ; provide with 
 food : v.i. to drudge or toil ; per- 
 form dirty work : n. the larva of a 
 beetle, moth or other insect ; food ; 
 a sloven or dirty person. 
 grubber ('er), one who, or that 
 
 which, grubs. 
 grudge (gruj), v.t. to regard with 
 envy or discontent ; give or take 
 with reluctance : n. secret malice or 
 ill-will ; an old dislike or quarrel. 
 gruel (groo'el), n. a light semi-liquid 
 food made of oatmeal, &c, for in- 
 valids. 
 gruesome (groo'sum), adj. horrible 
 of aspect ; inspiring gloom or hor- 
 ror. 
 gruff (gruf), adj. rough or surly in 
 
 voice or manner ; harsh ; hoarse. 
 gru-gru (groo'groo), n. the larva of 
 a South American weevil, cooked for 
 food as a delicacy. 
 grumble (grum'bl), v.i. to murmur 
 
 discontentedly ; find fault. 
 grumbling ('bling), n. the act of 
 
 murmuring discontentedly. 
 grumous (groo'mus), adj. consisting 
 of clustered grains ; thick or clotted. 
 grumpily (grump'i-li), adv. in a 
 
 grumpy manner. 
 grumpiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 
 being grumpy. 
 grumpy ('i), adj. surly; cross; low- 
 spirited. 
 grunt (grunt), n. the guttural noise 
 of a hog; an edible marine Ameri- 
 can fish : v.i. to make a noise like a 
 hog. 
 gruyere (groo-yar'), n. s, Swiss or 
 French cheese made from skim-milk. 
 gryposis (grl-po'sis); n. an ingrow- 
 ing of the nails. Also gryphosis. 
 grysbok (gris'bok), n. sl South Afri- 
 can antelope. 
 guaco (gwa'ko), n. tropical Ameri- 
 can plant, used as a specific for 
 snake-bites. 
 Guaiacum (gwi'a-kum), n. a genus 
 of tropical American and West In- 
 dian shrubs and trees from which a 
 resin, extensively used in medicine, 
 is obtained. 
 guan (gwan), n. a gallinaceous bird 
 of South America. 
 
 gue 
 
 guanaco (gwa-na'ko), n. the wild 
 
 llama of the Andes. 
 guaniferous (gwa-nif'er-us), adj. 
 
 yielding guano. 
 guanine ('nin), n. a principle found 
 
 in guano,_ pancreatic juice, &c. 
 guano ('no), n. the dung of sea-birds 
 found in thick layers in South 
 America and Africa, yielding a valu- 
 able manure. 
 guarantee (gar-an-te'), n. an en- 
 gagement made by a third person 
 to secure the fulfillment of an agree- 
 ment ; one who becomes surety for 
 the performance of another's acts : 
 v.t. to undertake that another shall 
 perform a certain stipulation ; war- 
 rant ; be responsible for. Also guar- 
 anty. 
 
 guarantor ('an-t6r), n. one who 
 guarantees, or makes, a guaranty. 
 
 guaranty, the legal form of guar- 
 antee. 
 
 guard (gard), v.t. to watch over or 
 protect ; preserve by caution ; shield 
 or defend: v.i. be cautious (with 
 against) : n. security or defense 
 against injury or attack ; a state 
 of vigilance or caution ; attention ; 
 any contrivance or device for se- 
 curity ; an official in charge of a 
 train ; a man or body of men em- 
 ployed for defense or control. 
 
 guarded ('ed), p. adj. defended; 
 careful ; cautious ; circumspect. 
 
 guardian ('i-an), n. one who has the 
 care of the person or property of 
 another ; a warden : adj. protecting ; 
 tutelary. 
 
 guard-sbip ('ship), n. a warship 
 stationed at a port or harbor for its 
 protection. 
 
 guardsman (z'man), n. [pi. guards- 
 men ( 'men ) ] , an officer or soldier of 
 the guards. 
 
 guava (gwa'va), a tree of tropical 
 America yielding a pear-shaped 
 fruit, from which a jelly is made. 
 
 gub ernat orial ( gu-ber-na-to'r i-al ) , 
 adj. pertaining to a governor or to 
 his office. 
 
 gudgeon (guj'un), n. a small edible 
 fresh-water fish ; a person who is 
 easily imposed upon ; an iron pin 
 or shaft on which a wheel revolves. 
 
 guerdon (ger'dun), n. a reward. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gue 
 
 guerilla (ger-il'a), n. one of an ir- 
 regular force engaged in harassing 
 an enemy in small bands ; petty war- 
 fare : adj. belonging to, or consisting 
 of, guerillas ; pertaining to irregular 
 warfare. 
 
 Guernsey (gern'zi), n. a breed of 
 dairy cattle from the island of 
 Guernsey. 
 
 guernsey (gern'zi), n. a close-fitting 
 knitted woolen shirt. 
 
 guess ( ges ) , n. a conjecture ; the act 
 of guessing : v.t. to hit upon at ran- 
 dom ; believe or think : v.i. to con- 
 jecture. 
 
 guess-work ('werk), n. random 
 conjecture; work performed by 
 guess. 
 
 guest (gest), n. one who is enter- 
 tained at the house or table of an- 
 other. 
 
 guevi (gwa've), n. a South African 
 antelope. 
 
 guffaw (guf-faw'), n. a rude boister- 
 ous laugh. 
 
 guffer ('er), n. the eel-pout. 
 
 guhr (goor), n. a loose earthy de- 
 posit found in the clefts and cavities 
 of rocks. 
 
 guib (gwib), n. a West African ante- 
 lope. 
 
 guidable (gid'a-bl), adj. that may be 
 guided. 
 
 guidance ('ans), n. direction; lead- 
 ing. 
 
 guide (gid), n. one who leads or 
 directs ; conductor ; director ; a 
 soldier or other person who obtains 
 information for an army ; that by 
 which one directs his course; a 
 guide-book : v.t. to lead or direct ; 
 influence ; regulate ; govern by coun- 
 sel. 
 
 guide-book ('book), n. a handbook 
 for the direction of travelers. 
 
 guidon (gl'dun), n. the forked flag of 
 a troop of light cavalry ; the flag of 
 a guild or confraternity. 
 
 guild (gild), n. a fraternity; corpo- 
 ration ; association. Also gild. 
 
 guilder ('er), n. the Dutch florin, 
 value about 40.2 cents. 
 
 guile (gil), n. deceit; cunning; du- 
 plicity. 
 
 guileful ('fool), adj. full of guile. 
 
 gul 
 
 guillemot (gil'e-mot), n. a species of 
 auk. 
 
 guillocke (gil-losh'), n. a series of 
 interwoven or twisted ornaments. 
 
 guillotine ('o-ten), n. an apparatus 
 for beheading a criminal by means 
 of a heavy knife sliding in two up- 
 right grooves: v.t. (-o-ten') to be- 
 head with the guillotine. 
 
 guilt (gilt), n. the state of one who 
 is liable to a penalty; sin; crim- 
 inality. 
 
 guiltily ('i-li), adv. in a guilty man- 
 ner. 
 
 guiltiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being guilty. 
 
 guilty ('i), adj. [comp. guiltier, 
 superl. guiltiest], justly chargeable 
 with a crime ; wicked ; criminal ; not 
 innocent. 
 
 guinea (gin'e), n. a gold coin, for- 
 merly current in England, value 
 21s. or about $5. 
 
 guinea-fowl (-foul), n. a greyish- 
 blue gallinaceous bird with white 
 spots, originally from Guinea. 
 
 guinea-pig (-pig), n. a small do- 
 mesticated South American rodent, 
 allied to the cavy. 
 
 guipure (ge-piir'), n. a kind of lace 
 or gimp. 
 
 guise (glz), n. external appearance; 
 dress ; mien. 
 
 guitar (gi-tar'), n. a six-stringed in- 
 strument, on the principle of the 
 violin, played with the fingers. 
 
 gula (gu'la), n. [pi. guise ('le)], n. 
 the gullet ; throat. 
 
 gular ('lar), adj. pertaining to the 
 gula. 
 
 gulch (gulch), n. a rocky or rough 
 narrow valley. 
 
 gulf (gulf), n. an arm of the sea 
 extending into the land, interme- 
 diate in size between a bay and 
 sea ; a deep place in the earth ; an 
 abyss ; whirlpool ; something insati- 
 able. 
 
 gulf stream (strem), n. a vast and 
 important warm ocean-current flow- 
 ing out from the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 gull (gul), n. a web-footed sea-fowl 
 with long wings ; one who is easily 
 cheated : v.t. to cheat ; deceive ; im- 
 pose upon. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gill 
 
 gullet ('et), n. the throat; oesopha- 
 gus. 
 
 gullibility (gul-i-bil'i-ti),* n. capac- 
 ity for being gulled. 
 
 gullible (gul'i-bl), adj. capable of 
 being easily deceived. 
 
 gully ('i), n. [pi. gullies ('iz)], a 
 channel or hollow worn by water ; 
 narrow ravine ; a metal tram-rail or 
 -plate. 
 
 gulp (gulp), v.t. to swallow down 
 eagerly or in large draughts : n. the 
 act of gulping ; swallow. 
 
 gum (gum), n. the soft fleshy part 
 of the jaws by which the teeth are 
 surrounded ; a semi-transparent 
 viscid vegetable substance that ex- 
 udes from certain trees and shrubs 
 and hardens on the surface : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. gummed, p.pr. gum- 
 ming], to smear or unite with gum. 
 
 gum arable (ar'a-bik), n. a gum ob- 
 tained from various species of 
 acacia. 
 
 gumbo ('bo), n. a dish or soup made 
 from the gummy pods of the okra ; 
 a Creole patois ; prairie mud. 
 
 gumminess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being gummy. 
 
 gummy ('i), adj. like gum. 
 
 gumption (gump'shun), n. quickness 
 of perception ; common sense ; in the 
 fine arts, the art of preparing col- 
 ors. 
 
 gumptious ('shus), adj. shrewd; 
 smart. 
 
 gun (gun), n. an instrument for dis- 
 charging shot, by the force of an ex- 
 plosive: v.i. to shoot with a gun. 
 
 gunboat (gun'bot), n. a warship of 
 light draught, next in size to a 
 cruiser, carrying several heavy guns. 
 
 guncotton ('kot-n), n. a highly ex- 
 plosive substance formed by the ac- 
 tion of nitric and sulphuric acid 
 upon cotton, or some other vegetable 
 fibre. 
 
 gun-fire ('fir), n. the hour at which 
 the morning and evening gun is 
 fired. 
 
 gunjah ('ja), n. the hemp plant of 
 India. Also ganja. 
 
 gun-metal ('met-al), n. an alloy of 
 copper and tin. 
 
 gunnel, same as gunwale. 
 
 gunner ('er), n. one who works a 
 
 gua 
 
 gun ; an artilleryman ; a warrant- 
 officer in the navy who has charge 
 of the ordnance of a war-vessel and 
 ordnance-stores. 
 
 gunnery ('er-i), n. the science of 
 artillery. 
 
 gunning ('ing), n. the shooting of 
 game with a gun. 
 
 gunny ('i), n. [pi. gunnies ('iz), 
 a coarse heavy sackcloth of jute or 
 hemp. 
 
 gunpowder ('pou-der), n. an explo- 
 sive substance composed of sulphur, 
 niter and charcoal ; a fine kind of 
 green tea. 
 
 Gunter's chain (gun'terz chan), n. 
 a surveyor's chain used in measur- 
 ing land, 66 ft. long, and divided in 
 100 links of 7.92 in. each. 
 
 Gunter's scale (skal), n. a large 
 plane scale, with various lines of 
 numbers engraved upon it, by means 
 of which surveyors' and navigators' 
 calculations are determined. 
 
 gunwale (gun'l), n. the upper edge 
 of the side of a ship next to the 
 bulwarks. 
 
 gurgitation (ger-ji-ta'shun), n. 2l 
 state of boiling, or whirling round. 
 
 gurgle (ger'gl), v.i. to flow or run 
 with a purling bubbling sound : n. 
 a purling, bubbling noise. 
 
 gurglet ('glet), n. a porous earthen 
 vessel for cooling water. 
 
 gurnet ('net), n. a*n edible sea-fish 
 with a large angular head and rough 
 bony skin. Also gurnard. 
 
 gurrah (gur'a), n. a plain coarse 
 Indian muslin. 
 
 gurry ('i), n. in India, a small native 
 fort; crude oil from the livers of 
 fish. 
 
 gush (gush,) n. a sudden and violent 
 flow of a liquid from an inclosed 
 space; outburst; an extravagant 
 display of sentiment : v.i. to issue 
 with violence and rapidity ; flow 
 copiously ; be extravagantly senti- 
 mental. 
 
 gusher ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, gushes ; an oil well that dis- 
 charges its contents without the aid 
 of machinery. 
 
 gusset (gus'et), n. a small triangular 
 piece of cloth inserted in a garment 
 to strengthen or enlarge a part. 
 
 flte, firm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; bSon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
gns 
 
 gust (gust), n. a sudden squall; a 
 sudden and violent outburst of pas- 
 sion. 
 
 gustatory ('ta-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to the taste. 
 
 gustful ('fool), adj. full of gusto. 
 
 gusto ( 'to ) , n. zest ; relish. 
 
 gusty ('i), adj. characterized by 
 gusts. 
 
 gut (gut), n. the intestinal canal; an 
 intestine ; catgut ; a narrow channel 
 or strait: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gutted, 
 p.pr. gutting], to extract the en- 
 trails of; eviscerate; to plunder, or 
 empty entirely. 
 
 gutta-percha (-per'cha), n. a red- 
 dish-brown horn-like substance ; the 
 inspissated juice of the gutta-percha 
 tree (Isonandra gutta) of the Malay 
 Archipelago. 
 
 gutter ('er), n. a channel for carry- 
 ing away water : v.t. to cut into 
 small channels ; furnish with gut- 
 ters : v.i. to run in drops. 
 
 guttering (-ing), n. sl making into 
 hollows ; the act of falling in drops ; 
 material for making gutters. 
 
 guttural ('er-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or produced in, the throat : n. a 
 letter produced in the throat. 
 
 gutturally (-li), adv. in a guttural 
 manner. 
 
 guy (gi), n. a rope, chain, &c, to 
 swing and keep steady a heavy body : 
 an effigy, especially of Guy Fawkes ; 
 a person oddly or dowdily dressed : 
 v.t. to steady or guide with a guy; 
 ridicule ; delude. 
 
 guzzle (guz'l), v.i. to drink greedily 
 and immoderately : n. intoxicating 
 liquor ; a drunken debauch. 
 
 guzzy ('i), n. an East Indian cotton 
 cloth. 
 
 gwiniad (gwin'i-ad), n. a Welsh 
 trout ; the powan. Also guiniad. 
 
 gymn, a prefix meaning naked, desti- 
 tute of, occurring in many com- 
 pound words. Also gymno. 
 
 gymnanthous (jim-nan'thus), adj. 
 without calyx or corolla. 
 
 gymnasium (-na'zi-um), n. [pi. gym- 
 nasia (-a)], a building where gym- 
 nastic exercises are practiced ; a 
 school for the higher branches of 
 literature and art; in ancient 
 
 gy 
 
 Greece, a place for athletic exer- 
 cises, provided with baths, &c, also, 
 in connection with it, apartments in 
 which philosophic discussions were 
 carried on. 
 
 gymnast ('nast), n. one who prac- 
 tices, or is expert in, gymnastics. 
 
 gymnastic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or of *the nature of, gymnsatics. 
 
 gymnastics ('iks), n,pl. athletic ex- 
 ercises ; the art of developing the 
 physical powers by athletic exer- 
 cises. 
 
 gymno, prefix see gymn. 
 
 gymnogens (jim'no-jens),n.pZ. plants 
 having naked seeds, or not inclosed 
 in an ovary. 
 
 gymnotus (jim-no'tus), n. the elec- 
 tric eel of South America. 
 
 gynarchy (jin'ar-ki), n. government 
 by a woman ; female rule. 
 
 gyne, a prefix meaning woman, fe- 
 male. Also gyneco. 
 
 gynecocracy (jin-e-kok'ra-si), n. 'fe- 
 male rule or supremacy. Also gyne- 
 ocracy. 
 
 gynecology (jin-e-koro-ji), n. that 
 branch of medical science which 
 treats of the functions and diseases 
 of women. 
 
 gyneolatry ('ol'a-tri), n. excessive 
 homage paid to women. 
 
 gyno, prefix meaning ovary or pistil, 
 occurring in various botanical terms, 
 as gynophove, the long stalk upon 
 which some ovaria are situated, as 
 in the passion flower. 
 
 gypsum (jip'sum), n. sulphate of 
 lime ; plaster of paris. 
 
 Gypsy, same as Gipsy. 
 
 gyral (ji'ral), adj. rotatory; whirl- 
 ing. 
 
 gyrate ('rat), v.i. to revolve round a 
 central point ; rotate ; wheel. 
 
 gyratory ('ra-to-ri), adj. revolving 
 in a circle. 
 
 gyre (jir), n. a fetter for the legs: 
 v.t. to fetter. 
 
 gyro, a prefix in various scientific 
 words meaning a circle, round. 
 
 gyroscope (jl'ro-skop), n. an instru- 
 ment for demonstrating the laws of 
 rotation. 
 
 gyrostat (-stat), n. an instrument 
 for demonstrating the dynamics of 
 rotating rigid bodies. 
 
 ftte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ha (ha), inter j. an expression of 
 wonder, joy, hesitation, &c. : v.i. to 
 express wonder, &c. ; hesitate. 
 
 haaf (haf), n. a deep-sea fishing- 
 bank off the Shetlands. 
 
 habeas corpus (ha'be-as kor'pus, 
 Latin have the body), a writ to pro- 
 duce a prisoner at a stated time and 
 place to declare the cause of his de- 
 tention. 
 
 haberdasher (hab'er-dash-er), w. a 
 dealer in small wares, as ribbons, 
 lace, tapes, needles, &c. 
 
 haberdashery (-i), n. the wares sold 
 by a haberdasher ; a haberdasher's 
 shop. 
 
 habergeon ('er-jun), n. a coat of 
 mail covering the neck and breast. 
 
 habiliment (ha-bil'i-ment), n. an 
 article of clothing : pi. dress. 
 
 habilitate ('i-tat), v.i. to become 
 qualified. 
 
 habit (hab'it), n. ordinary course of 
 conduct; general condition or tend- 
 ency ; disposition ; established cus- 
 tom ; dress ; a woman's riding-dress ; 
 the distinctive dress worn by mem- 
 bers of a religious order : v.t. to 
 dress ; furnish with a habit. 
 
 habitable ('it-a-bl), adj. fit to be 
 dwelt in. 
 
 habitant ('it-ant), n. a dweller; per- 
 manent resident ; a farmer of French 
 descent, in Canada and Louisiana. 
 
 habitat ('i-tat), n. the natural lo- 
 cality of animals, plants, &c, in 
 their wild state ; geographical range. 
 
 habitation (-i-ta'shun), n. residence 
 or place of abode ; natural locality ; 
 a Primrose League lodge. 
 
 habited ('i-ted), p.adj. wearing a 
 habit or dress. 
 
 habitual (ha-bit'u-al), adj. formed 
 or acquired by use ; customary ; in- 
 veterate. 
 
 habitually (-li), adv. by habit. 
 
 habituate ('u-at), v.t. to make fa- 
 miliar by use or custom ; familiarize. 
 
 habitude (hab'i-tud), n. habit; cus- 
 tomary manner or mode ; familiar- 
 ity. 
 
 habitue (ha-bit'u-a), n. one who 
 habitually frequents a place of 
 amusement, &c. 
 
 hacienda ( a-the-en'da, or has-i-en'- 
 da), n. in Spanish America, a large 
 plantation on which the owner is 
 resident ; an isolated farm ; an es- 
 tablishment for raising stock, farm 
 produce, &c. 
 
 hack (hak), v.t. to cut irregularly 
 and into small pieces ; injure by 
 cutting ; notch ; kick (the shins of 
 another) at football ; let out for 
 hire : n. a notch ; hollow irregular 
 cut ; a horse let out for hire ; a kick 
 on the shins at football ; a carriage 
 let out for hire ; a hackney-coachi ; 
 a literary drudge ; a drying frame 
 for fish ; a place where green bricks 
 are dried ; a feeding rack. 
 
 hackberry ('ber-ri), n. a large North 
 American forest-tree, with an edible 
 fruit. 
 
 hackbut ('but), n. an arquebus. 
 
 hackee ('e),w. the chipmunk. 
 
 hackia ('i-a), n. a lofty South Amer- 
 ican tree of the madder family. 
 
 hacking ('ing), adj. notching; ir- 
 ritating and wearing : said of a 
 cough : n. the stacking of bricks for 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hac 
 
 drying ; a particular method of mas- 
 sage ; a process in gem cutting. 
 
 hackle (hak'l), v.t. to dress or comb, 
 as flax or hemp ; tear into pieces ; 
 mangle in cutting : n. an implement 
 with sharp spikes for cleansing 
 flax or hemp ; unspun fiber ; a long 
 narrow feather in the neck of a 
 cock, used for making artificial flies 
 for angling ; a feather fly for an- 
 gling. 
 
 hackmatack ('ma-tak), n. the red 
 American larch, or tamarack. 
 
 hackney ('ni), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hack- 
 neyed, p.pr. hackneying], to wear 
 out by constant use ; make common- 
 place : adj. let out for hire ; com- 
 mon or trite : n. a hackney-coach ; a 
 horse kept for hire ; a nag. 
 
 hackney-coach (-koch), n. a li- 
 censed carriage that plies for hire. 
 
 hackneyed ('nid), p. adj. worn out; 
 commonplace. 
 
 had, p.t. of have. 
 
 haddock ('ok), n. a sea-fish of the 
 cod family. 
 
 Hadean (ha-de'an), adj. pertaining 
 to Hades. 
 
 Hades ('dez), n. the abode and state 
 of the dead. 
 
 hading (had'ing), n. the deviation 
 from the vertical of a vein or stra- 
 tum ; underlay. 
 
 haema, a prefix meaning Wood, occur- 
 ring in many scientific words. Also 
 hsem, hsemat, hsemo, hemo. 
 
 haemachrome (hem'a-krom), n. the 
 coloring matter of the blood. 
 
 haemadromometer (-dro-mom'e-ter) , 
 n. an instrument for determining the 
 velocity of the flow of blood. 
 
 haemal (he'mal), adj. pertaining to 
 the blood. 
 
 iisemalopia (hem-a-lo'pi-a), n. dis- 
 ease of the eye in which objects ap- 
 pear red. 
 
 haematemesis (-a-tem'e-sis), n. vom- 
 iting of blood from the stomach. 
 
 haematic (he-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to the blood : n.pl. that branch of 
 physiology that treats of the blood. 
 
 haematoid (hem'a-toid), adj. blood- 
 like. 
 
 haemoglobin (-o-glo'bin), n. same as 
 hemoglobin. 
 
 hal 
 
 haemoptysis (he-mop'ti-sis), n. same 
 as hemoptysis. 
 
 haemorrhage (hem'6-raj), n. same 
 as hemorrhage. 
 
 haemorrhoids ('6-roids), n.pl. same 
 as hemorrhoids. 
 
 haft (haft), n. a handle of a tool or 
 knife : v.t. to furnish with a haft or 
 handle. 
 
 hag (hag), n. a witch; an ugly old 
 woman ; a cartilagjnous fish, para- 
 sitic in the bodies of other fish. 
 
 haggard ('ard), adj. worn and anx- 
 ious in appearance ; lean and hollow- 
 eyed. 
 
 haggle ('1), v.i. to higgle. 
 
 haik (hak), n. an outer woolen gar- 
 ment with colored stripes worn by 
 the Arabs. 
 
 hail (hal), n. frozen raindrops ; a call 
 or salutation : v.i. to pour down 
 hail : v.t. to pour down or out like 
 hail ; call to or salute. 
 
 haily ('i), adj. consisting of, or like, 
 hail. 
 
 hair (har), w. one of the small horny 
 fibrous tubes with a bulbous root 
 growing out of the skin of a mam- 
 mal ; the mass of such horny fibrous 
 tubes ; minute hair-like filaments on 
 the surface of plants. 
 
 hairsplitting ('split-ing), adj. mak- 
 ing oversubtle or very minute dis- 
 tinctions, in reasoning or statement. 
 
 hairspring ('spring), n. a very fine 
 spring to regulate the balance wheel 
 of a watch. 
 
 hair-trigger (har'trig-er), n. a sec- 
 ondary trigger of a gun. 
 
 hairy ( 'i ) , adj. covered with, abound- 
 ing in, or resembling, hair. 
 
 hake (hak), n. an edible seafish al- 
 lied to the cod. 
 
 halation (ha-la'shun), n. a halo on a 
 photographic plate. 
 
 halberd (hal'berd), n. a mediaeval 
 weapon consisting of a long staff to 
 which an axe was affixed with a 
 spear-like point. Also halbert. 
 
 halcyon ('si-un), adj. pertaining to 
 the kingfisher ; peaceful ; happy ; 
 calm : n. the kingfisher : from the 
 fable that its hatching season was in 
 calm weather. 
 
 hale (hal) , adj. sound bodily ; healthy ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hal 
 
 hearty : v.t. to drag or draw by vio- 
 lence. 
 
 half (haf), n. [pi. halves (havz)], 
 one of two equal parts ; a school 
 term ; in football, a half-back : adv. 
 equally ; partly : adj. consisting of a 
 half ; approximating. 
 
 half-and-half, n. a mixture of ale 
 and porter, or of old and new ale. 
 
 half-blood ('blud), n. one whose 
 parents are of different races ; rela- 
 tionship between persons who have 
 one parent in common. 
 
 half-breed ('bred), n. a person of 
 mixed blood: as, an Indian half- 
 treed. 
 
 half-caste ('kast), n. a person of an 
 East Indian parent on one side and 
 of a European on the other. 
 
 halibut (hal'i-but), n. a large edible 
 flatfish. 
 
 halicore ('i-kor), n. the dugong. 
 
 hall (hawl), n. a large room for 
 the transaction of public business, 
 entertainments, &c. ; a court of jus- 
 tice ; the first large room of a house ; 
 a manor-house ; a college dining- 
 room ; the dinner served there ; the 
 public room of a corporation or 
 guild ; a minor college. 
 
 hallelujah (hal-e-loo'ya), n. (He- 
 brew, Praise ye Jehovah) an ascrip- 
 tion of praise to God ; a musical 
 composition having as its theme such 
 an ascription of praise : adj. singing, 
 or containing, hallelujah. Also al- 
 leluiah. 
 
 hallelujah lass (las), n. a female 
 member of the Salvation Army. 
 
 halliard, same as halyard. 
 
 hall-mark (hawl'mark), n. the offi- 
 cial mark of the Goldsmiths' Compa- 
 ny and other English assay offices, 
 attesting the quality of the gold and 
 silver articles on which it is im- 
 pressed : hence a mark or proof of 
 genuineness. 
 
 halloo (ha-16'), inter j. an exclama- 
 tion to call attention to or cheer 
 one ; a shout to attract attention, or 
 to cheer or urge on : v.t. to shout 
 out ; incite or cheer on, as dogs : v.i. 
 to cry out loudly. Also holloa. 
 
 hallow (hal'o), v.t. to consecrate; 
 devote to sacred purposes ; revere. 
 
 ham 
 
 Halloween (-en'), n. the Eve of All 
 Saints or All Hallows, Oct. 31. 
 
 hallucination ( hal-loo-si-na'shun ) , 
 n. belief in something imaginary ; 
 delusion ; error. 
 
 halo (ha'16), n. a ring or circle of 
 light round the sun or moon, caused 
 by refraction ; a ring of light or 
 nimbus. 
 
 halogen (hal'o-jen), n. an element as 
 chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluo- 
 rine, which forms saline compounds 
 by combining with other elements. 
 
 haloid ('oid), adj. Tesembling salt. 
 
 halt (hawlt), n. the act of limping; a 
 stop in marching : adj. crippled or 
 lame : v.i. to be lame ; limp ; be du- 
 bious or hesitate ; to stop in march- 
 ing. 
 
 halter ('er), n. one who halts ; a rope 
 for hanging criminals ; a rope for 
 leading or holding a horse : v.t. to 
 put on, or secure with, a halter. 
 
 halve (hav), v.t. to divide into two 
 equal parts; fasten together, as tim- 
 bers. 
 
 halves, pi. of half. 
 
 halyard (hal'yard), w. a rope or 
 tackle for hoisting a sail, flag, &c. 
 Also halliard. 
 
 ham (ham), n. the hinder part of the 
 thigh ; a thigh of an animal, espe- 
 cially a pig, salted and smoked ; a 
 house ; village : in place names of 
 Anglo-Saxon origin, as Tottenham. 
 
 Hamamelis (-a-me'lis), n. an order 
 of shrubs, to which the witch-hazel 
 belongs, and from which a medicinal 
 extract is obtained. 
 
 Hamburg ('berg), n. a rich kind of 
 black grape; a breed of black do- 
 mestic fowl. 
 
 hame (ham), n. one of the curved 
 bars on the collar to which the traces 
 of a draught horse are fastened. 
 
 hamerkop (ham'er-kop), n. an Afri- 
 can bird with hammer-shaped feath- 
 ers on its head. 
 
 hamiform ('i-f6rm), adj. hook- 
 shaped. 
 
 hamlet ('let), n. a small village. 
 
 hammer ('er), n. an instrument with 
 a handle and iron head for driving 
 nails, beating metals, &c. ; anything 
 resembling a hammer in its action 
 or shape : v.t. to beat with, or as 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ham 
 
 with, a hammer ; forge ; beat ; work 
 in the mind : v.i. to work hard, 
 hammer-beam (-bem),w. a horizon- 
 tal piece of timber projecting from 
 the inside of a wall, 
 hammer-cloth (-kloth), n. the cloth 
 
 which covers a coach-box. 
 hammock ('ok), n. a swinging bed 
 
 usually of network or canvas. 
 hamper ('per), n. a large wicker- 
 work basket for carrying food, &c. ; 
 the rigging of a ship : v.t. to put 
 into, or inclose in, a hamper ; em- 
 barrass ; perplex ; impede. 
 hamshackle ('shak'l), v.t. fasten the 
 head of an animal to one of its fore- 
 legs, as a horse. 
 hamster ('ster), n. a species of grain- 
 storing rat with two cheek-pouches 
 and a short tail. 
 hamstring ('string), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 hamstrung, p.pr. hamstringing], to 
 lame by cutting the tendons of the 
 ham : n.pl. the strong sinews at the 
 back of the knee. 
 hand (hand), n. the divided and ter- 
 minal extremity of the human arm 
 connected with the wrist, a similar 
 organ terminating the fore-limb of 
 certain animals ; something resem- 
 bling a hand in appearance or use ; 
 a measure of 4 in. ; dexterity in 
 manipulation or performance ; right 
 or left side ; possession ; style of 
 writing ; an employe who labors with 
 his hands ; a sailor ; cards held ; a 
 game ; pledge of betrothal ; near- 
 ness ; gain ; advantage ; agency of ; 
 index of any kind ; turn of a player 
 to serve the ball at tennis, &c. ; a 
 shoulder of pork : v.t. to give or 
 transmit with, or as with, the hand ; 
 assist or lead with the hand : adj. 
 pertaining to, or used by, the hand. 
 handicraft ('i-kraft), n. the work or 
 skill of an artificer ; manual skill, or 
 labor : adj. pertaining to manual la- 
 bor. 
 handily (han'di-li), adv. in a handy 
 
 manner. 
 handiness (-nes), n. the state or 
 
 quality of being handy. 
 handiwork (-werk), n. work done, 
 
 or produced by, the hands. 
 handkerchief (hang'ker-chif), n. a 
 
 han 
 
 — — ^— — — — — ^— — — ■» 
 
 pocket handkerchief; a silk or cot- 
 ton square for the neck. 
 handle (hand'l), n. that part of a 
 tool, vessel, &c, grasped by the 
 hand ; an instrument or occasion : 
 v.t. to touch or feel with the hand; 
 manage ; manipulate ; discourse on ; 
 act toward or treat ; buy, sell, or in- 
 vest in : v.i. to work with the hands. 
 handmaid ('mad), n. a female serv- 
 ant or attendant. Also handmaiden. 
 handscrew ('skroo), n. a lifting-jack. 
 handsel ('sel), n. an earnest given 
 to make good a contract ; the act of 
 using anything for the first time ; a 
 gift, especially at the time of the 
 New Year : v.t. to give a handsel to ; 
 use or do for the first time. 
 handsome ('sum), pleasing to look 
 upon ; well-formed ; elegantly 
 dressed ; graceful ; liberal ; gener- 
 ous ; ample. 
 handspike ('spik), n. a wooden lever 
 for moving heavy weights, heaving, 
 &c. 
 handy ('i), adj. [comp. handier, su- 
 perl. handiest], dexterous; skilful; 
 convenient ; close at hand ; manage- 
 able. 
 hang (hang), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hung, 
 hanged, p.pr. hanging], to suspend; 
 to fasten to something so as to be 
 movable ; suspend by the neck ; 
 cause to droop ; display ; show aloft ; 
 attach or fasten ; furnish with orna- 
 ments or drapery suspended or fas- 
 tened to the walls, &c. ; catch fast : 
 v.i. to be suspended ; bend forward ; 
 be dependent upon ; dangle ; cling ; 
 be in a deadlock : n. method of hang- 
 ing ; manner of doing or using ; gen- 
 eral tendency ; slope. 
 hangdog ('dog), adj. of degraded or 
 
 sneaking appearance. 
 hanger ( 'er ) , n. one who hangs ; that 
 by which something is hung or sus- 
 pended ; a kind of cutlass. 
 hanging ('ing), p.adj. suspended or 
 dangling ; suggesting or involving 
 death by hanging : n. the act of put- 
 ting to death by the punishment of 
 the halter : pi. drapery for a room. 
 hangman ('man), n. [pi. hangmen 
 
 ('men)], a public executioner. 
 hangnail ('nal), n. a small piece of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
har 
 
 skin hanging from the root of a fin- 
 ger-nail ; an agnail. 
 
 hanif (ha-nef), n. an orthodox Mo- 
 hammedan ; a monotheistic Arab, 
 before the time of Mohammed. 
 
 hank (hangk), w. two or more skeins 
 of thread, silk, wool, &c, fastened 
 together ; one of the wooden rings to 
 which a fore-and-aft sail is bent ; a 
 withy or rope for fastening a gate : 
 v.t. to form into hanks. 
 
 hanker ('er), v.i. to desire eagerly 
 (with after). 
 
 hanky-panky ('ki-pang'ki), n. jug- 
 glery : adj. tricky ; cheating. 
 
 hanse (hans), n. a confederacy of 
 merchants or commercial towns. 
 
 Hanseatic (-e-at'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to the Hanse towns or their confed- 
 eracy. 
 
 Hanse town (toun), n. a town con- 
 federated with another for mutual 
 trade and protection. 
 
 hansom ('sum), n. a two-wheeled cab. 
 
 hap (hap), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. happed, 
 p.pr. happing], to happen ; befall cas- 
 ually : v.t. cover or wrap [Scotch] : 
 n. chance ; a casual event ; a cloak 
 or wrapper [Scotch]. 
 
 haphazard ( 'haz-ard ) , n. chance ; 
 accident : adv. by chance. 
 
 hapless (hap'les), adj. unfortunate; 
 unlucky ; unhappy. 
 
 haploma ('lo-ma), n. an outer cloth 
 for an altar. 
 
 haply ('li), adv. by chance; perhaps. 
 
 happen ('n), v.i. to chance; occur. 
 
 happily ('i-li), adv. successfully; by 
 good fortune ; felicitously. 
 
 happiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being happy ; good fortune : f elici- 
 tousness. 
 
 happy ('i), adj. [comp. happier, 
 superl. happiest], enjoying pleasure 
 or good ; successful ; prosperous ; 
 lucky ; living in concord ; satisfied ; 
 propitious ; felicitous. 
 
 haptic ('tik), adj. relating to the 
 sense of touch. 
 
 harakiri ( ha'ra-ke-ri ) , n. formerly, 
 in Japan, a method of suicide by rip- 
 ping open the bowels, permitted to 
 nobles and military officers so as to 
 escape the indignity of a public exe- 
 cution or official disgrace. Called also 
 happy despatch : hari-kari (wrongly). 
 
 harangne (ha-rang'), n. a public ad- 
 dress or oration, especially extem- 
 pore : v.i. to deliver a harangue : v.t. 
 to address by a harangue. 
 
 harass (har'as), v.t. to annoy or vex ; 
 fatigue or weary with labor or im- 
 portunity ; to tire out and annoy an 
 enemy by incessant petty attacks. 
 
 harassing (-ing), p.adj. fatiguing; 
 annoying. 
 
 harassment (-ment), n. the act of 
 harassing ; the state of being har- 
 assed. 
 
 harbinger (har'bin-jer), n. a pre- 
 cursor ; forerunner : v.t. announce ; 
 foretell ; usher in. 
 
 harbor ('ber), n. a port or haven for 
 ships ; any place of refuge or safety ; 
 formerly an inn or lodging : v.t. to 
 shelter or protect ; cherish. 
 
 harborage (-aj) , n. a port or anchor- 
 age for ships. 
 
 hard (hard), adj. compact and solid; 
 firm ; not easy to be pierced or 
 broken ; unyielding ; difficult of ac- 
 complishment ; laborious ; fatiguing ; 
 cruel ; oppressive ; severe ; keen ; 
 austere ; inflexible ; unfeeling ; ex- 
 acting ; not easily granted ; rough ; 
 coarse ; unprosperous ; uttered gut- 
 turally ; stiff or formal : adv. forci- 
 bly ; laboriously ; diligently ; tem- 
 pestuously ; closely ; near ; roughly ; 
 to the utmost extent ; so as to be- 
 come hard ; with vexation, trouble, 
 or sorrow : n. a roadway of hard ma- 
 terial by the sea; a pier or landing- 
 place : pi. the refuse of flax or 
 wool ; alum and salt mixed together, 
 used for giving a white color to 
 bread. 
 
 harden ('n), v.t. to make hard or 
 harder ; confirm in impudence or 
 wickedness ; toughen ; inure : v.i. to 
 become hard or harder. 
 
 hardihood ('i-hood), n. effrontery; 
 boldness ; physical endurance. 
 
 hardily ('i-li), adv. with hardihood. 
 
 hard-labor ('la-ber), n. work im- 
 posed as an additional punishment 
 to a term of imprisonment. 
 
 hardly ('li), adv. with difficulty; 
 scarcely ; vigorously ; severely ; with- 
 out delicacy ; coarsely ; unfavorably. 
 
 hardness Cnes), n. the quality of 
 being hard. 
 
 ate, firm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
liar 
 
 hard-pan ('pan), n. in mining, a 
 stratum of gravel or sand; a solid 
 foundation. 
 
 hardship ('ship), n. oppression; se- 
 vere labor or want ; injustice. 
 
 hard- tack ('tak), n. large hard 
 cracker or biscuit baked for army 
 and navy use. 
 
 hardware ('war), n. manufactured 
 articles of metal. 
 
 hare (har), n. a rodent, with long 
 ears and a short tail, larger than a 
 rabbit, characterized by its great 
 timidity. 
 
 harebell ('bel), n. a species of cam- 
 panula, the bluebell of Scotland. 
 
 harebrained ('brand), adj. volatile; 
 wild. 
 
 barefoot ('foot), n. a long narrow 
 foot ; a fast runner. 
 
 harehound ('hound), n. a harrier. 
 
 harelip ('lip), n. a malformation of 
 the upper lip, which is divided in the 
 middle. 
 
 harem (ha' or ha'rem), n. the apart- 
 ments of the women and children in 
 a Mohammedan house ; the wives 
 and concubines of a Mohammedan. 
 Also hareem, haram. 
 
 hare's-foot (harz'foot), n. a species 
 of fern ; a kind of clover ; the foot 
 of a hare used in making up by 
 actors. 
 
 hare's-tail ('tal), n. a species of cot- 
 ton-grass allied to the bulrushes. 
 
 haricot (har'iko), n. a kind of stew 
 of meat and vegetables ; the kidney- 
 beaa. 
 
 hark (hark), v.i. to listen. Also 
 harken. 
 
 harlequin (har'le-kwin), n. the per- 
 former in a pantomime who wears 
 parti-colored garments and carries a 
 talismanic wand : adj. fantasic or 
 full of trickery ; parti-colored : v.i. to 
 make fun by sportive tricks. 
 
 harlequinade (-ad'), n. that part of 
 a pantomime in which the harlequin 
 appears : an extravaganza. 
 
 harlot ('lot), n. a prostitute. 
 
 harlotry (-ri), n. the trade or prac- 
 tice of prostitution. 
 
 harm (harm), n. injury; hurt; dam- 
 age ; moral evil or wrong-doing : v.t. 
 to inflict hurt, damage, or injury 
 upon. 
 
 ' har 
 
 harmel ('mel), n. an herb of the rue 
 family used in the East as a vermi- 
 fuge and disinfectant. 
 
 harmful (harm'fool), adj. hurtful; 
 injurious. 
 
 harmfully (-li), adv. injuriously. 
 
 harmonic (har-mon'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or producing, harmony; mu- 
 sical ; concordant ; harmonious ; also 
 harmonical : n.pl. the science of mu- 
 sical sounds. 
 
 harmonica (-mon'i-ka), n. a musical 
 instrument the tones of which are 
 produced by friction from a number 
 of musical glasses filled to various 
 heights with water ; a mouth-organ ; 
 an oblong musical instrument con- 
 sisting of a number of glass slips 
 which are struck by a mallet. Also 
 harmonicon. 
 
 harmonically ('ik-al-li), adv. in a 
 harmonic manner. 
 
 harmonic triad ( tri'ad ) , n. the com- 
 mon chord, consisting of its third 
 and perfect fifth. 
 
 harmonious (-mo'ni-us), adj. con- 
 cordant ; musical ; symmetrical. 
 
 harmoniphon (-mon'i-fon), n. a 
 musical wind instrument with reeds 
 and a keyboard. 
 
 harmonize ('mo-niz), v.t. to render 
 harmonious ; cause to agree : recon- 
 cile : v.i. to agree ; be in peace and 
 friendship ; correspond. 
 
 harmonist ('mo-nlst), n. one who is 
 skilled in harmony ; an expounder of 
 the harmony of the Scriptures, espe- 
 cially of the Gospels. 
 
 harmonium (-mo'ni-um), n. a reed- 
 organ. 
 
 harmony ('mo-ni), n. [pi. harmonies 
 (-niz)], the quality of being pleas- 
 ing to the ear ; unison ; just adapta- 
 tion of parts to one another, so as 
 to form a connected whole ; accord 
 in feeling, sentiment, &c. ; a literary 
 work showing the agreement be- 
 tween parallel or similar histories 
 or passages. 
 
 harness ('nes), n. the working gear 
 of a horse; the accoutrement and 
 armor of a knight; any arrange- 
 ment, as of straps, &c, for perform- 
 ing some mechanical operation : v.t. 
 to put harness upon; equip, as a 
 knight. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
har 
 
 hat 
 
 harp (harp), n. a musical stringed 
 instrument of triangular shape, 
 played with the fingers : v.i. to play 
 on the harp ; dwell tediously or per- 
 sistently on some particular subject 
 (with on or upon) . 
 
 harping ('ing), n. the act of playing 
 upon a harp : pi. the breadth of a 
 ship at the bow. 
 
 harpoon (-poon'), n. a long barb- 
 headed spear having a line attached 
 to the staff, for striking and killing 
 whales : v.t. to strike with a har- 
 poon. 
 
 harpsichord ('si-kord), n. a stringed 
 instrument with a keyboard, the 
 precursor of the pianoforte. 
 
 harpy ('i), n. [pi. harpies ('iz)], in 
 classical mythology, one of three 
 winged monsters, the daughters of 
 Neptune and* Terra, with a woman's 
 face, and the body and sharp claws 
 of a vulture, exceedingly rapacious 
 and filthy : hence, an extortioner ; a 
 large crested American eagle. 
 
 harridan (har'i-dan), n. an ugly ill- 
 tempered old woman. 
 
 harrier ('i-er), n. a variety of dog 
 used for hunting hares ; a species of 
 hawk. 
 
 harrow ('o), n. an agricultural in- 
 strument for breaking up clods and 
 casting earth upon sown land : v.t. 
 to break up, tear, or draw over with 
 a harrow : lacerate or torment. 
 
 harry ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. harried, 
 p.pr. harrying], to plunder, lay 
 waste ; annoy or vex ; tease ; harass : 
 v.i. to make predatory raids. 
 
 harsh (harsh), adj. discordant; jar- 
 ring; rough to the ear, taste, or 
 touch ; austere. 
 
 hart (hart), n. the male of the red 
 deer. 
 
 hartbeest ('best), n. a large African 
 antelope. 
 
 hartshorn (z'horn), n. the antler of 
 a hart ; a volatile preparation of 
 ammonia. 
 
 hart's-tongue ('tung), n. a British 
 fern. 
 
 harum-scarum ( har'um - skar'um ) , 
 adj. giddy ; wild ; reckless ; untidy. 
 
 haruspex (ha-rus'peks), n. [pi. ha- 
 ruspices ('pi-sez)], an ancient Ro- 
 
 man diviner or soothsayer who fore- 
 told events by inspecting the entrails 
 of sacrificial victims. Also aruspex. 
 
 harvest (har'vest), n. the season of 
 reaping and gathering in the har- 
 vest : v.t. to gather in, as corn ; reap. 
 
 harvest-home (-horn), n. a harvest 
 festival. 
 
 harvest-moon (-moon), n. the full 
 moon which falls near the time of 
 the autumnal equinox, about Sept. 
 23. 
 
 harvest-mouse (-mous), n. a small 
 field mouse which builds a round 
 nest in the stalks of corn. 
 
 hash (hash), n. a dish of meat cut 
 and cooked with vegetables ; a mix- 
 ture : v.t. to chop small and mix. 
 
 hashish ('esh), n. an intoxicant made 
 from Indian hemp ; bhang. 
 
 haslet (has'let), n. the liver, heart, 
 and lungs of a sheep. 
 
 hasp (hasp), n. a clasp folded over a 
 staple and secured with a padlock : 
 v.t. to shut or secure with a hasp. 
 
 hassock (has'ok), n. a padded mat or 
 cushion for kneeling upon in church, 
 &c. ; a -kneeler. 
 
 hast, 2nd per., sing., pres.t. of have. 
 
 haste (hast), n. quickness of move- 
 ment ; celerity ; speed ; urgency ; pre- 
 cipitancy ; vehemence : v.t. to has- 
 ten. 
 
 hasten (ha'sn), v.t. to cause to make 
 haste ; hurry ; urge forward : v.i. to 
 move wtih speed ; be quick. 
 
 hastily ('sti-li), adv. in a hasty man- 
 ner. 
 
 hasty ('sti), adj. [comp. hastier, 
 superl. hastiest], precipitate; quick; 
 speedy ; eager ; vehement ; rash. 
 
 hasty-pudding (-pud-ing), n. a pud- 
 ding of flour or meal and water or 
 milk stirred together and boiled. 
 
 hat (hat), n. a covering for the head, 
 with a crown and brim ; a cardinal's 
 rank and dignity. 
 
 hatband ('band), n. a band worn 
 round the hat ; a black cloth band 
 worn as a token of mourning. 
 
 hatch (hach), v.t. to produce (young) 
 from eggs ; plot or contrive ; shade 
 by narrow lines ; close with, or as 
 with, a hatch : n. the number of 
 young produced from eggs at a sit- 
 ting ; brood ; plot ; a narrow line in 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
hat 
 
 haw 
 
 engraving, or drawing; a door with 
 an opening over it ; a half -door : pi. 
 doors or openings by which a de- 
 scent is made from one deck of a 
 ship to another. 
 
 hatch-boat ('bot), n. a half-decked 
 fishing-vessel with a well for holding 
 fish. 
 
 hatchery ('er-i), n. a place where 
 eggs are artificially hatched, espe- 
 cially those of fish. 
 
 hatchet ('et), it. a small axe. 
 
 hatching ('ing), n. a kind of draw- 
 ing or engraving by narrow parallel 
 or crossed lines. 
 
 hatchment ('ment),w. the escutcheon 
 or armorial bearings of a deceased 
 person, placed in front of his house, 
 on a tomb, in a church, &c. 
 
 hatchway ('wa), 11. a rectangular 
 opening in the deck of a vessel for 
 passage below. 
 
 hate (hat), v.t. to dislike intensely; 
 abhor ; detest : n. hatred. 
 
 hateful ( 'fool ) , adj. causing hate. 
 
 hatefully (-li), adv. in a hateful 
 manner. 
 
 hatred ('red), n. bitter aversion: 
 continued hostility of feeling; detes- 
 tation. 
 
 hatted (hat'ed), adj. wearing a hat. 
 
 hatter ('er), n. a maker of hats. 
 
 haubergeon (haw'ber-jun), n. a 
 short hauberk. 
 
 hauberk ('berk), n. a coat of armor 
 formed of steel rings, reaching be- 
 low the knees. 
 
 haughtily (haw'ti-li), adv. in a 
 haughty manner. 
 
 haughty ('ti), adj. [comp. haughtier, 
 superl. haughtiest], proud and dis- 
 dainful ; supercilious ; contemptuous. 
 
 haul (hawl), v.t. to pull or draw 
 with force ; transport by drawing : 
 v.i. to change the course of a ship ; 
 shift : said of the wind : n. a strong 
 pull; draught of a net; quantity 
 caught at one time ; distance over 
 which anything is drawn. 
 
 haulage ('aj), n. the act or process 
 of hauling; charges for hauling. 
 
 hauler (hawl'er), n. one who, or that 
 which, hauls. 
 
 haulm ( hawm ) , n. the stalks or stems 
 of grain, beans, &c. ; stubble. 
 
 haunch (hanch), n. the fleshy part 
 of the hip and buttock; a joint of 
 venison or mutton; shoulder of an 
 arch. 
 
 haunt (hant), n. a place of accus- 
 tomed resort : v.t. to visit frequently 
 or habitually ; trouble with frequent 
 visits, as an apparition. 
 
 hautboy (ho'boi), n. a wind instru- 
 ment of the flute class : the oboe. 
 
 hauteur (ho-toor'), n. haughty bear- 
 ing or spirit. 
 
 Havana (ha-van'a), n. a cigar made 
 of Cuban tobacco. 
 
 have (hav), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. had, p.pr. 
 having], to possess; take; hold or 
 bear ; enjoy ; desire ; be obliged ; 
 bring forth; cheat; obtain the ad- 
 vantage of. 
 
 haven (ha'vn), n. el sheltered anchor- 
 age for ships ; harbor ; place of shel- 
 ter and safety. 
 
 haversack (hav'er-sak), n. a strong 
 coarse linen bag in which soldiers 
 carry their rations when marching. 
 
 haversian canals ( ha-ver'si-an ka.'- 
 nalz), ri.pl. small longitudinal canals 
 in the bones conveying the vessels of 
 nutrition. 
 
 havildar ('il-dar), n. a native ser- 
 geant of an Indian infantry regi- 
 ment. 
 
 having ('ing), n. the act or state of 
 possession. 
 
 havoc ('ok), n. wide and general de- 
 struction ; devastation. 
 
 haw (haw), n. the fruit of various 
 species of hawthorn; an excrescence 
 under the third eyelid of a horse; a 
 hedge or inclosure; a hesitation in 
 speech. 
 
 Hawaiian (ha-wi'yan), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Hawaii, its inhabitants, or 
 language. 
 
 hawfinch (haw'finch), n. the common 
 grosbeak. 
 
 hawk (hawk), n. a name for various 
 species of raptorial birds allied to 
 the eagles and falcons ; a forcible ef- 
 fort to clear the throat of phlegm ; a 
 square board, with a short handle, 
 for holding mortar : v.t. to cry, or 
 carry about, for sale : v.i. to make a 
 forcible effort to cough up phlegm; 
 to fly trained hawks at birds on the 
 wing. 
 
 5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ntath, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
haw 
 
 hea 
 
 hawkbill ('bil), n. a marine turtle 
 that furnishes tortoiseshell : so 
 named from its curved upper jaw. 
 
 hawker ('er), n. one who cries and 
 sells goods in the streets ; peddler ; 
 falconer. 
 
 hawk-eyed ('Id), adj. keen sighted 
 like a hawk. 
 
 hawkmoth ('moth), n. a large moth 
 whose flight somewhat resembles 
 that of a hawk. 
 
 hawkweed ('wed), n. a plant of the 
 aster family with yellow flowers. 
 
 hawok (ha/wok), n. the shell money 
 of the aborigines of California. 
 
 hawse (hawz) , n. that part of a ship's 
 bows where the hawse-holes are sit- 
 uated. 
 
 hawse-hole ('hoi), n. one of the two 
 holes under a ship's bow through 
 which the cable passes when the ves- 
 sel is moored. 
 
 hawser ('er), n. a thick rope or cable. 
 
 hawthorn (haw'thorn), n. a prickly 
 shrub or tree of the rose family. 
 
 hay (ha), n. grass, clover, &c, cut 
 and dried for fodder. 
 
 haycock ('kok), a conical pile of hay. 
 
 hay-fever ('fe-ver), n. a catarrh, ac- 
 companied by itching, sneezing, 
 slight fever, and pains in the head. 
 
 haymow ('mow), n. a mass of hay 
 laid up in a barn. 
 
 Haytian (ha'ti-an), adj. pertaining 
 to Hayti or its inhabitants. Also 
 Haitian. 
 
 hazard (haz'ard), n. chance; acci- 
 dent ; risk ; danger ; a dice game ; a 
 stroke at billiards : v.t. to run the 
 risk of ; chance ; put in peril. 
 
 hazardous (-us), adj. risky; peril- 
 ous. 
 
 haze (haz), n. a slight fog or mist; 
 dimness of sight or knowledge : v.i. 
 to be foggy or misty : v.t. pursue or 
 harass by overwork or unpleasant 
 tasks ; play practical jokes upon, 
 especially of a severe kind. 
 
 hazel ('I), n. a shrub or tree of the 
 genus Corylus, bearing an edible nut. 
 
 haziness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing hazy. 
 
 hazy ('i), adj. misty; obscure. 
 
 he (he), pr. [pi. they (tha)], the 
 masculine pronoun of the 3rd per- 
 son : n. a male. 
 
 hea (he'a), n. a tree of the Pacific 
 Islands bearing a fruit from which 
 a red stain is obtained. 
 
 head (hed), n. the uppermost part of 
 the body of an animal that contains 
 the face, brain, &c. ; chief or princi- 
 pal part of anything ; an individual ; 
 leader or commander ; place of honor 
 or authority ; top ; fore-part ; the 
 understanding or intellect ; princi- 
 pal topic ; a division ; origin or 
 source ; pitch ; crisis or height ; static 
 or latent force ; froth : adj. princi- 
 pal or chief ; acting against the 
 front : v.t. to lead or direct ; take the 
 first place in ; get in front of ; direct 
 the course of ; oppose ; strain : v.i. 
 to move forward ; come to, or form, 
 a head. 
 
 headed ('ed), adj. having a head; 
 noting understanding or intellect 
 (much used in composition, as clear- 
 headed, wrong-headed, &c). 
 
 header ( 'er ) , n. a plunge or fall fore- 
 most ; one who puts heads on, as in 
 pin-making ; a machine, &c, for 
 making or removing heads ; . a brick 
 or stone with its short face in front. 
 
 headfast ('fast), n. a rope at the 
 bow of a ship to secure to a wharf, 
 &c.^ 
 
 heading ('ing), n. a title; material 
 from which casks' heads are made ; 
 the strip on a piece of embroidery, 
 for sewing on to a garment ; the 
 adit of a mine. 
 
 headland ('land), n. sl promontory. 
 
 headline Clin), n. a line of type dis- 
 played conspicuously at the top of a 
 page, chapter, column of a newspa- 
 per, &c. : pi. the ropes at the head of 
 a sail by which it is secured to the 
 yard. 
 
 headlong ('long), adv. head fore- 
 most ; rashly ; precipitously : adj. 
 rash ; precipitate ; violent ; thought- 
 less. 
 
 headsman (z'man), n. an execution- 
 er. 
 
 headstrong ('strong), adj. ungov- 
 ernable ; self-willed. 
 
 headwind ('wind), n. a contrary 
 wind. 
 
 heady (hed'i), adj. precipitate; in- 
 toxicating. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 p % 27 book ; hue, hut ; think, £7ien. 
 
liea 
 
 heal (hel), v.t. to restore to health; 
 cure ; make sound ; reconcile : v.i. to 
 become well or sound. 
 
 healing ('ing), p. adj. curative. 
 
 health, (helth), n. freedom from bod- 
 ily pain or disease ; vigor of mind ; 
 moral purity ; righteousness ; heal- 
 ing power ; a toast or pledge. 
 
 healthful ('fool), adj. promoting 
 health ; salubrious. 
 
 healthfully (-li), adv. in a healthful 
 manner. 
 
 healthiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being healthy. 
 
 healthy ('i), adj. [comp. healthier, 
 superl. healthiest], noting a sound 
 condition of body ; enjoying, or con- 
 tributing, to health. 
 
 heap (hep), n. a pile or collection of 
 things thrown together ; a quantity ; 
 accumulation ; crowd : v.t. to form 
 into a heap; pile up; aggregate; 
 amass. 
 
 hear (her), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. heard, 
 p.pr. hearing], to perceive by the 
 ear ; attend or listen to ; give heed 
 to ; obey ; accede to the wishes of ; 
 attend judicially : v.i. to have the 
 sense of hearing ; be told of. 
 
 hearing ('ing), n. the sense by which 
 sound is perceived ; audience ; judi- 
 cial investigation. 
 
 hearken, same as harken. 
 
 hearsay ('sa), n. rumor or report: 
 adj. second hand. 
 
 hearse (hers), n. a vehicle for the 
 conveyance of dead bodies to the 
 grave. 
 
 heart (hart), n. the organ in animals 
 by the muscular contraction and di- 
 lation of which the blood is circu- 
 lated through the arteries, &c. ; the 
 vital, inner, or chief part of any- 
 thing ; the seat of the affections and 
 passions ; emotion ; tenderness ; af- 
 fection ; courage ; will ; spirit ; en- 
 ergy ; power ; resolution ; secret 
 thoughts ; conscience ; one of a suit 
 of cards marked with one or more 
 red hearts ; a variety of cherry : pi. 
 a card game. 
 
 heartache ('ak), n. sorrow; pang; 
 grief. 
 
 heart-broken ('bro-ken), adj. over- 
 whelmingly grieved. 
 
 hea 
 
 heartburn ('bern), n. a burning af- 
 fection of the esophagus, caused by 
 acidity of the stomach. 
 
 hearted ('ed), adj. having a heart 
 (used in compounds, denoting gen- 
 erally affections, qualities, &c, as 
 good-hearted, &c). 
 
 hearten ('n), v.t. to give courage to; 
 inspirit. 
 
 hearth (harth), n. that part of a 
 room where the fire is made : hence 
 the family circle. 
 
 heartily ('i-li), adv. cordially; ener- 
 getically. 
 
 heartiness ('i-nes), n. cordiality; 
 vigor. 
 
 heartsease (z'ez), n. the pansy. 
 
 heartseed ('sed), n. a climbing plant 
 with seeds marked with a heart- 
 shaped scar. 
 
 hearty (hart'i), adj. [comp. heartier, 
 superl. heartiest], cordial; sincere; 
 open ; warm ; strong ; vigorous ; 
 good-natured ; kind ; healthy ; having 
 a keen appetite. 
 
 heat (het), n. the sensation produced 
 by a hot body ; caloric ; the state of 
 being hot; effervescence; agitation 
 of sudden or violent passion ; ardor ; 
 vehemence ; redness or flush of the 
 face ; a course at a race ; hot weath- 
 er : v.t. to make hot ; warm ; excite 
 with passion or desire; make fever- 
 ish ; animate : v.i. to become hot or 
 warm. 
 
 heater ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, heats, as various mechanical 
 
 v contrivances. 
 
 heath (heth), n. a small evergreen 
 flowering shrub with rose-colored 
 flowers growing on moorlands, &c. ; 
 heather ; moorland, especially with 
 heath growing upon it. 
 
 heathen (he'thii), n. one who is ig- 
 norant of the true God ; a pagan ; 
 idolater; a rude, irreligious, uncul- 
 tured person. 
 
 heathendom (-dom), n. the state or 
 condition of being a heathen; that 
 part of the world inhabited by 
 heathens. 
 
 heathenish (-ish), adj. pertaining to 
 heathens ; rude ; ignorant, or uncul- 
 tured. 
 
 heathenism (-izm), n. ignorance of 
 the true God ; paganism ; idolatry. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hea 
 
 heathenize (-Iz), v.t. to render 
 heathen. 
 
 heather (heth'ev), same as heath. 
 
 heathy (heth'i), adj. pertaining to, 
 resembling, or abounding in, heath. 
 
 heave (hev), v.t. to hoist or lift up; 
 force from the breast, as a sigh ; 
 cause to swell ; throw : v.i. to be 
 lifted up ; swell ; rise and fall alter- 
 nately ; struggle or toil ; pant ; 
 vomit : n. an effort or exertion up- 
 wards ; lift ; the act of throwing ; 
 swell or ^rising ; haul ; struggle, ef- 
 fort to vomit. 
 
 heaven (hev'n), n. the abode of God 
 and the blessed ; the firmanent or 
 sky ; a state or condition of bliss. 
 
 Heaven, n. the Supreme Being. 
 
 heavenliness (-li-nes), n. supreme 
 excellence. 
 
 heavenly (-li), adj. pertaining to, or 
 resembling, heaven ; celestial ; di- 
 vine ; supremely excellent. 
 
 heaver (hev'er), n. one who, or that 
 which, lifts or heaves, especially one 
 who loads or unloads goods, coal, &c. 
 
 heaviness (hev'i-nes), n. the quality 
 of being heavy ; dejection ; grief. 
 
 heavy ('i), adj. [comp. heavier, su- 
 per!, heaviest], ponderous; weighty; 
 oppressive ; grievous ; laborious ; ob- 
 structive ; depressed ; dull ; dense ; 
 powerful ; loud ; indigestible ; clayey : 
 adv. heavily [Poet.]. 
 
 heavy-spar (-spar), n. sulphate of 
 barium. 
 
 Hebraic (he-bra'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to the Hebrews, the Jewish language 
 or literature. 
 
 Hebraicize ('i-siz), v.t. to convert 
 into the Hebrew idiom : v.i. to speak 
 Hebrew, or adopt Hebrew customs. 
 Also Hebraize (-ize). 
 
 Hebraism ('izm), n. a Hebrew idiom, 
 or a characteristic of the Hebrews. 
 
 Hebraist (-ist), n. one who is learned 
 in the Hebrew language and litera- 
 ture. 
 
 Hebrew ('broo), adj. pertaining to 
 the Hebrews, a Semitic race; Jew- 
 ish : n. the Hebrew language ; a Jew. 
 
 Hebrewess (-es), n. a Jewess. 
 
 Hecate (hek'a-te), n. an ancient 
 threefold Grecian deity possessing 
 power over heaven, earth, and the 
 under-world. 
 
 hed 
 
 liecate, n. a witch ; a hag. 
 
 liecato, a prefix meaning a hundred. 
 Also hecaton, hect, hecto. 
 
 hecatomb ('a-toom), n. a sacrifice 
 of a hundred oxen ; any large sac- 
 rifice or slaughter. 
 
 heck (hek), n. a rack for fodder; lat- 
 ticework ; a latticework grating for 
 catching or hanging fish upon ; a 
 bend in a stream. 
 
 hectare ('tar), n. in the metric sys- 
 tem, a French land measure = 100 
 ares, of 2.47 acres. 
 
 hectic ('tik), adj. constitutional; 
 slow, but of long continuance ; per- 
 taining to hectic fever ; feverish : n. 
 a remittent fever accompanying con- 
 sumption, characterized by a bright 
 pink spot or flush on the cheeks. 
 
 hectogramme ('to-gram), n. in the 
 metric system, a French weight = 
 100 grammes, or 3.53 ounces. 
 
 hectograph ('to-graf), n. an appa- 
 ratus for multiplying copies of a 
 letter or drawing, &c. 
 
 hectoliter ('to-le-tr), n. in the met- 
 ric system, a French liquid measure 
 = 100 liters, or 26.42 gallons. 
 
 hectometer ('to-me-tr), n. in the 
 metric system, a French measure of 
 ' length = 100 meters, or 328 feet, 1 
 inch. 
 
 hector ('ter), v.t. to bully or blus- 
 ter : from Hector, the Trojan hero. 
 
 hectostere ('to-ster), n. in the met- 
 ric system, a French cubic measure 
 = 100 cubic meters. 
 
 heddles (hed'dlz), n.pl. in a loom, 
 the harness for guiding the warp 
 threads. 
 
 hedge (hej), n. a fence of bushes or 
 shrubs : v.t. to inclose with a hedge ; 
 encircle ; invest : v.i. to bet on both 
 sides, so that the possibility of loss 
 will be diminished ; skulk : adj. 
 mean ; contemptible ; of the lowest 
 class. 
 
 hedgehog ('hog), n. an insectivorous 
 mammal covered on the back with 
 spines or prickles. 
 
 hedonic (he-don'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to hedonism. 
 
 hedonism ('do-nizm), n. the doctrine 
 that pleasure is the chief end of 
 life. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hee 
 
 heed (hed), v.t. to regard with care; 
 take notice of ; mind ; attend ; re- 
 gard : n. careful attention ; regard ; 
 caution. 
 
 heedful ( 'fool ) , adj. cautious ; at- 
 tentive. 
 
 heedfully (-li), adv. cautiously; at- 
 tentively. 
 
 heehaw ('haw), v.i. to bray like an 
 ass : n. the bray of an ass. 
 
 heel (hel), n. the hinder part of the 
 foot ; the hinder part of a boot, shoe, 
 or stocking ; anything shaped like a 
 heel : v.t. to furnish with a heel : 
 v.i. lean on one side, as a ship. 
 
 heel-ball ('bawl), n. a black waxy 
 composition used for blacking the 
 heels of shoes, &c, and for obtain- 
 ing rubbings of brasses, &c. 
 
 heeler ('er), n. a political hanger-on. 
 
 heeling ('ing), n. the degree of in- 
 clination of a vessel from the per- 
 pendicular. 
 
 heel-tap ('tap), n. a small thickness 
 of leather for a shoe-heel. 
 
 heft (heft), n. a handle; an effort; 
 weight ; the greater part or bulk : 
 v.t. to try the weight of by lifting 
 or holding in the hand. 
 
 Hegira (he-ji'ra), n. the flight of 
 Mohammed from Mecca to Medina 
 (662 A.D.). Also Hejira. 
 
 hegleek (heg'lek), n. an African 
 tree yielding an edible fruit, from 
 which an intoxicating drink is made 
 by the natives. 
 
 heifer (hef'er), n. a young cow. 
 
 heigh-ho (hi'ho), inter j. an expres- 
 sion of languor or uneasiness. 
 
 height (hit), n. altitude; elevation; 
 highest state or degree ; an eminence 
 or hill ; summit ; stature. 
 
 heighten ('en), v.t. to make high or 
 higher ; elevate ; intensify ; set off ; 
 increase ; aggravate ; improve. 
 
 heinous (ha'nus), adj. atrocious; 
 extremely wicked ; flagrant. 
 
 heir (ar), n. one who succeeds an- 
 other in the possession of property, 
 title, office, mental gifts, &c. 
 
 heir-apparent (-ap-pa'rent), n. one 
 whose right to succeed is indefeasi- 
 ble at law if he outlives his ancestor. 
 
 heiress ('es), n. a female heir. 
 
 heirloom ('loom), n. any movable 
 
 hel 
 
 or personal chattel, which by its i 
 connection with an estate descends 
 to the heir. 
 
 heir-presumptive ( -pre-zump'tiv ) , 
 n. one who will succeed as heir if his 
 right is not barred by the birth of 
 one nearer in succession than him- 
 self. 
 
 hejira, same as hegira. 
 
 held (held), p.t. of hold. 
 
 heliac (he'li-ak), adj. pertaining to 
 the sun ; emerging from, or passing 
 into, the light of the sun. Also heli- 
 acal. 
 
 heliacally (-li'a-kal-li), adv. in a 
 heliacal manner. 
 
 Helianthus (he-li-an'thus), n. a ge- 
 nus of plants to which the sunflower 
 belongs. 
 
 helic, a prefix meaning spiral. Also 
 helico. 
 
 helical (hel'i-kal), adj. spiral-shaped. 
 
 helicoid ('i-koid), adj. coiled like the 
 shell of a snail : n. a spirally-curved 
 geometrical figure. 
 
 helio, a prefix meaning sun, caused 
 by, or like, the sun or sunlight, as 
 Tie^ograph, an instrument for tak- 
 ing a photograph of the sun, or for 
 signaling by reflecting sunlight from 
 one mirror to another. 
 
 heliocentric ( he-li-o-sen'trik ) , adj. 
 having the sun as the center. 
 
 heliochrome ('li-o-krom), n. a pho- 
 tograph in natural colors. 
 
 heliochromotype ('o-tip), n. a pho- 
 tograph reproducing the color of the 
 subject. 
 
 heliochromy (-ok'ro-mi), n. the art 
 or process of obtaining photographs 
 in natural colors. 
 
 heliograph, see under helio. 
 
 heliogravure (-grav'ur), n. photo- 
 engraving or -etching. 
 
 heliolatry (-ol'a-tri), n. worship of 
 the sun. 
 
 heliometer (-om'e-ter), n. a microm- 
 eter for measuring small angles in 
 the heavens. 
 
 heliophag ('li-o-fag), n. that part of 
 an animal that absorbs sunlight. 
 
 helioscene ('li-o-sen), n. a kind of 
 sun-blind. 
 
 helioscope ('li-o-skop), n. a form of 
 refracting telescope for observing 
 the sun. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
hel 
 
 heliosis (-o'sis), n. the production of 
 spots on leaves by the continued 
 action of the sun's rays ; sunstroke. 
 
 heliostat ('li-o-stat), n. an instru- 
 ment by which signaling is carried 
 on by means of a mirror, moved by 
 clockwork. 
 
 heliotrope ('li-o-trop), n. a plant 
 whose flowers follow the course of 
 the sun ; a green-colored variety of 
 chalcedony with small red spots ; 
 bloodstone ; the color of the flowers 
 of heliotrope, bluish-pink. 
 
 heliotropic (-li-o-trop'ik), adj. char- 
 acterized by heliotropism. Also he- 
 liotropical. 
 
 heliotropism (-ot'ro-pizm), n. the 
 movements of flowers or leaves to- 
 wards the sun. 
 
 heliotype ('li-o-tip), n. an impres- 
 sion from a photograph taken on a 
 gelatine plate hardened with alum. 
 
 helium ('li-um), n. an element first 
 discovered in the spectrum of the 
 sun and supposed to be peculiar to 
 that body. It has recently been 
 discovered on the earth, and a gas 
 arising from radium has been ob- 
 served to change into this element. 
 
 helix ('liks), n. [pi. helices (hel'i- 
 sez)], a spiral line, as of a line 
 coiled round ; a circumvolution ; the 
 margin of the external ear ; a small 
 volute ; a genus of molluscs, con- 
 taining the shell snails. 
 
 hell ( hel ) , n. the place of the dead or 
 of departed souls (more correctly 
 Hades) ; the place of punishment 
 for the wicked after death : hence 
 any place or condition of extreme 
 misery or evil ; a gambling-house. 
 
 hellebore ('e-bor), n. the Christmas 
 rose. 
 
 Hellene ('en), n. a Greek. 
 
 Hellenic (he-len'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of, the ancient 
 Hellenes or Greeks, or to Grecian 
 art and literature. 
 
 Hellenism (hel'en-izm), n. a Greek 
 idiom ; Grecian culture and the love 
 of the beautiful in art, &c. 
 
 Hellenist ('en-ist), n. a Jew who 
 spoke Greek ; one learned in Greek. 
 
 Hellenize ('en-iz), v.t. to cause to 
 conform to Greek standards or 
 usages ; make Hellenic. 
 
 kern 
 
 helm (helm), n. the apparatus for 
 steering a ship ; tiller ; the place of 
 its direction and government ; a hel- 
 met [Poet.] : v.t. to guide or con- 
 duct. 
 
 helmet ('et), n. metal or leather ar- 
 mor for the head ; the hooded upper 
 lip of a flower. 
 
 helminthology ( hel-min-thol'o- ji ) , 
 n. that branch of zoology that treats 
 of worms. 
 
 helo, a prefix meaning nail, occurring 
 in various scientific words, as helo- 
 dont, having nail-like teeth ; helo- 
 derm, a Mexican poisonous lizard 
 with nail-like scales. 
 
 helot (hel'ot, or he'lot), n. a slave in 
 ancient Sparta ; slave or serf. 
 
 helotry (hel'ot-ri), n. the condition 
 of a helot; body of helots. Also 
 helotage. 
 
 help (help), v.t. to give assistance 
 to ; aid ; support ; sustain ; succor ; 
 relieve ; avoid ; prevent ; distribute 
 food to at table ; remedy ; cure : v.i. 
 to lend aid ; be available or useful : 
 n. assistance ; aid ; support ; succor ; 
 relief ; that which forwards or pro- 
 motes ; a portion of food served at a 
 meal ; a hired servant. 
 
 helpful ('fool), adj. affording help. 
 
 helter-skelter (hel'ter-skel'ter), adv. 
 in hurry and confusion. 
 
 helve (helv), n. the handle of an axe, 
 &c. 
 
 Helvetian (hel-ve'shan), adj. per- 
 taining to Switzerland : n. a Swiss. 
 Also Helvetic. 
 
 hem (hem), n. the edge of a garment 
 doubled and sewn ; an ejaculatory 
 sound : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hemmed, p. 
 pr. hemming], to form a hem on; 
 to shut in ; environ : v.i. utter the 
 ejaculation hem. 
 
 hema, a prefix meaning hlood, occur- 
 ring in many scientific words. Also 
 hem, hemato, hsema, haem, haemato. 
 
 hematin (hem'a-tin), n. the red col- 
 oring matter in the blood. Also 
 hsematin. 
 
 hemi, a prefix meaning half, as hemi- 
 sphere, half a sphere or globe. 
 
 hemi crania (hem'i-kra-ni-a), n. a 
 pain on one side of the head. 
 
 hemihedral (-he'dral), adj. having 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then, 
 
hem 
 
 her 
 
 only half the normal number of 
 planes or faces : said of crystals. 
 
 hemiopia (-i-o'pi-a), n. a defect in 
 vision in which only the half of an 
 object is seen. 
 
 hemiplegia (-ple'ji-a), n. paralysis 
 of one side of the body. 
 
 hemisphere, see under hemi. 
 
 hemistich (-stik), n. in poetry, an 
 incomplete line, or the half of a line. 
 
 hemlock (hem'lok), n. a wild poi- 
 sonous plant of the parsley family: 
 hemlock spruce, an evergreen tree of 
 the pine family : the lumber made 
 from the hemlock tree. 
 
 hemmer ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, hems ; an attachment to a 
 sewing machine for hemming. 
 
 hemming ('ing), n. the action of 
 the verb to hem ; hems collectively. 
 
 hemo, see haema. 
 
 hemoglobin (hem-o-glo'bin), n. an 
 albuminoid substance in the blood 
 forming the chief constituent of the 
 red corpuscles. 
 
 hemoptysis (-op'ti-sis), n. spitting 
 of blood. 
 
 hemorrhage (hem'6-raj), n. bleed- 
 ing from the lungs, arteries, veins, 
 &c. 
 
 hemorrhoids ('o-roidz), n.pl. bleed- 
 ing piles. 
 
 hemp (hemp), n. a plant of the net- 
 tle family, the tough fiber of which 
 is used for cordage and various 
 kinds of coarse linen ; in the East, 
 a narcotic and intoxicant, hashish 
 (q.v.), is obtained from hemp. 
 
 hempen ('en), adj. pertaining to, or 
 made of, hemp. 
 
 hemstitch ('stich), n. a particular 
 kind of ornamental stitching. 
 
 hen (hen), n. the female of a bird, 
 especially the domestic fowl. 
 
 henbane ('ban), n. a poisonous 
 coarse hairy wild herb of the night- 
 shade family deadly to fowls. 
 
 hence (hens), adv. from this place, 
 source, or time ; in consequence of 
 this : inter j. away ! begone ! 
 
 henchman (hench'man), n. [pi. 
 henchmen ('men)], formerly, a male 
 attendant or servant ; groom ; one 
 who serves in a political campaign 
 under another for pecuniary consid- 
 erations. 
 
 hendeca, a prefix meaning eleven, as 
 hendecahedron, a solid figure having 
 eleven plane faces. 
 
 hendecagon (hen-dek'a-gon), n. a 
 plane figure having eleven sides and 
 eleven angles. 
 
 liendecasy liable (-sil'a-bl), n. a 
 metrical line or verse of eleven syl- 
 lables. 
 
 henna ('a), n. a tropical shrub from 
 the powdered leaves of which a cos- 
 metic paste is made: used in the 
 East to dye the nails, hair, &c, a 
 reddish-orange color. 
 
 henpecked ('pekt), adj. governed by 
 one's wife. 
 
 hepar (he'par), n. sulphide of cal- 
 cium. 
 
 hepat, a prefix meaning the liver. 
 Also hepato, as hepatocele, hernia 
 of the liver. 
 
 hepatic (he-pat'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to the liver. 
 
 hepatite (hep'a-tit), n. foetid sul- 
 phate of barium. 
 
 hepatocele, see under hepat. 
 
 hepatogastric ( he-pat-o-gas'trik ) , 
 adj. pertaining to the liver and the 
 stomach. 
 
 kept, a prefix meaning seven. Also 
 hepta, as heptachord, a series of 
 seven notes ; a seven-stringed musi- 
 cal instrument. 
 
 heptad (hep'tad), n. a chemical atom 
 or element that has the equivalence 
 of seven atoms of hydrogen. 
 
 heptaglot ('ta-glot), adj. written in 
 seven languages. 
 
 heptagon ('ta-gon), n. a plane figure 
 having seven sides and seven angles. 
 
 heptagonal (-tag'o-nfil), adj. having 
 seven sides or seven angles. 
 
 heptahedron (-he'dron), n. a solid 
 figure with seven sides. 
 
 hep t ahexahedral ( -heks-a-he'dral ) , 
 adj. having seven ranges of faces 
 one above the other, each range 
 containing six faces. 
 
 heptarchy ('tark-i), n. [pi. hep- 
 tarchies (-iz)], a government by 
 seven rulers, especially the seven 
 Anglo-Saxon kingdoms estblished in 
 England. 
 
 her (her), pron. the objective and 
 possessive case of the personal pro- 
 noun she. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Men. 
 
her 
 
 her 
 
 herakla (he-rak'la), n. an antelope 
 of equatorial Africa. 
 
 herald (her'ald), n. formerly an offi- 
 cial who proclaimed peace and war, 
 bore messages from a sovereign to 
 a commander, superintended coro- 
 nations and other public ceremonial 
 functions, &c. ; an official whose 
 duty it is to grant, record, and bla- 
 zon arms, trace pedigrees, &c. ; a 
 precursor : v.t. to introduce ; pro- 
 claim ; usher in. 
 
 heraldic (he-ral'dik), adj. pertaining 
 to heralds or heraldry. 
 
 heraldically (-al-li), adv. according 
 to the rules of heraldry. 
 
 heraldry (her'ald-ri), n. the science 
 that treats of armorial bearings, 
 and of determining pedigrees, &c. 
 
 herb (erb, or herb), n. a plant with 
 a soft and succulent stem that, after 
 flowering, withers away. 
 
 herbaceous (-a'shus), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or of the nature of, or feed- 
 ing upon, herbs. 
 
 herbage ('aj), n. herbs collectively; 
 grass ; pasturage ; the right of pas- 
 ture on the lands of another. 
 
 herbal ('al) , adj. pertaining to herbs : 
 n. a book descriptive of plants. 
 
 herbarium (-ba'ri-um), n. [pi. her- 
 baria (-a)], a systematic collection 
 of dried plants for purposes of 
 study ; a building where such a col- 
 lection is kept. 
 
 herbiferous (-bif'e-rus), adj. pro- 
 ducing herbs. 
 
 herbivora (-biv'o-ra), n.pl. mam- 
 mals that feed on herbs or vegeta- 
 bles. 
 
 herbivorous ('o-rus), adj. feeding 
 on herbs. 
 
 Herculean (-ku'le-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Hercules, the hero of Grecian 
 mythology, possessed of superhuman 
 strength : hence of exceeding 
 strength and power ; huge ; vast ; 
 very difficult. 
 
 herd (herd), n. a collection of beasts 
 or cattle feeding or driven together ; 
 crowd ; a keeper of cattle : v.i. to 
 unite or associate, as beasts; crowd 
 together. 
 
 here (her), adv. in, or to, this place; 
 at this point ; in the present life or 
 state ; on this occasion. 
 
 hereby (-bi'), adv. by virtue of this; 
 near. 
 
 hereditable (he-red'it-a-bl) , adj. that 
 may be inherited. Also heritable. 
 
 hereditably (-bli), adv. by way of 
 inheritance. 
 
 hereditament (her-e-dit'a-ment), n. 
 property inherited. 
 
 hereditarily (he-red'i-ta-ri-li), adv. 
 by way of inheritance. 
 
 hereditary ('i-ta-ri), adj. passing 
 from an ancestor to a descendant ; 
 transmitted from parent to off- 
 spring. 
 
 heredity ('i-ti), n. the -transmission 
 of physical or mental characteris- 
 tics or qualities from parent to off- 
 spring ; the tendency of an organism 
 to reproduce the characteristics of 
 the progenitor. 
 
 herein (her-in'), adv. in this. 
 
 hereinafter (-after), adv. in this 
 (deed, book, &c.) after or subse- 
 quently. 
 
 heresy (her'e-si), n. [pi. heresies 
 (-siz)], an opinion or doctrine at 
 variance with fundamental truths 
 commonly received as orthodox, es- 
 pecially if leading to division. 
 
 heretic ('e-tik), n. one who holds, or 
 maintains, heretical opinions. 
 
 heretical (-al), adj. pertaining to, or 
 having the character of, heresy ; sub- 
 versive of, or contrary to, orthodox 
 belief. 
 
 heretically (-li), adv. in a heretical 
 manner. 
 
 heretofore (her-too-for'), adv. pre- 
 viously ; hitherto. 
 
 heritable, same as hereditable. 
 
 heritage ( her'i-taj ) , n. an estate that 
 passes from an ancestor to a de- 
 scendant; a birthright or inherit- 
 ance ; the people of God. 
 
 hermaphrodite (her-maf'ro-dit) , adj. 
 having the sexual characteristics of 
 both male and female in the same 
 individual : n. an animal with both 
 the male and female sexual organs ; 
 a plant having stamens and pistils 
 in the same floral envelope ; a brig 
 square-rigged forward and schooner- 
 rigged aft. 
 
 hermaphroditic (-dit'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, or of the nature of, a 
 hermaphrodite. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
her 
 
 " » > 
 
 hermetic (her-met'ik), adj. perfect- 
 ly closed and air-tight. Also her- 
 metical. 
 
 hermetically (-al-li), adv. in an air- 
 tight manner, by means of fusion. 
 
 hermit ('mit), n. one who retires 
 from society and lives in solitude, 
 especially for devotional contempla- 
 tion; an anchorite. 
 
 hermitage (-aj), n. the abode of a 
 hermit; a variety of red and white 
 French wine. 
 
 hermit-crab ('krab), n. one of a 
 genus of crabs that live in the empty 
 shells of univalve mollusks. 
 
 hermitical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or suited for, a hermit ; solitary. 
 
 hern (hern), n. the heron. Also 
 hernshaw. 
 
 hernani (her-na'ni), n. a woolen or 
 silk dress fabric. 
 
 hernia ('ni-a), n. a protrusion of 
 some part of the intestine, or of 
 some other internal organ ; rupture. 
 
 hernial ('ni-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or resembling, hernia. 
 
 herniotomy (-ni-ot'6-mi), n. the 
 operation of cutting for strangu- 
 lated hernia. 
 
 hernshaw, see hern. 
 
 hero (he'ro), n. [pi. heroes ('roz)], 
 a demigod; a man of distinguished 
 courage, moral or physical ; the chief 
 character in a play, novel, poem, 
 &c. 
 
 heroic (he-ro'ik), adj. having the 
 
 . qualities of a hero ; producing he- 
 roes ; larger than life ; venturesome ; 
 drastic. Also heroical : n.pl. ex- 
 travagant or boastful language. 
 
 heroic age (aj), n. the age in which 
 the demigods or heroes of Greek 
 antiquity are fabled to have lived. 
 
 heroically (-li), adv. like a hero. 
 
 heroic verse (vers), n. epic poetry; 
 the hexameter verse in Greek and 
 Latin poetry ; in English, an iambic 
 measure of ten syllables. 
 
 heroine (her'6-in), n. a female hero; 
 the female character in a play, 
 novel, &c. 
 
 heroism (her'o-izm), n. the qualities 
 of a hero. 
 
 heron ('un), n. a wading bird with a 
 long neck and long legs. 
 
 het 
 
 heronry (-ri), n. a place where her- 
 ons breed. 
 
 hero-worship (-wer'ship), n. exces- 
 sive admiration of distinguished men. 
 
 herperto, a prefix meaning lizard. 
 
 herpes (her'pez), n. a skin disease, 
 characterized by small clusters of 
 vesicles on inflamed surfaces. 
 
 herpetology (her-pe-tol'o-ji), n. that 
 branch of zoology that treats of rep- 
 tiles and amphibians. 
 
 herr (her), n. mister, or sir [Ger- 
 man]. 
 
 herring ('ing), n. an edible sea-fish 
 moving in shoals. 
 
 herring-bone (-bon), n. a kind of 
 cross-stitch : v.t. & v.i. to work in 
 such a stitch. 
 
 Herschel (her'shel), n. the planet 
 Uranus. 
 
 herse (hers), n. a portcullis, in the 
 form of a harrow set with spikes. 
 
 hesitancy ( hez'i-tan-si ) , n. hesita- 
 tion ; suspense. 
 
 hesitate ('i-tat), v.i. to be in sus- 
 pense or uncertainty ; pause ; vacil- 
 late; stammer. 
 
 Hesper (hes'per), n. the evening 
 star, especially Venus. Also Hes- 
 perus. 
 
 Hesperides ('i-dez), n.pl. in Grecian 
 mythology, the four daughters of 
 Nox (Night) and granddaughters 
 of Hesperus, who guarded the 
 golden apples given by Gaia to Hera 
 on her marriage with Zeus (Jupi- 
 ter) ; the garden containing the 
 golden apples protected by an en- 
 chanted dragon. 
 
 Hesperus, same as Hesper. 
 
 Hessian (hesh'an), adj. pertaining to 
 Hesse in Germany or its inhabit- 
 ants ; a venal politician : pi. top- 
 boots with tassels in front. 
 
 Hessian-fly (-fli), n. a small fly the 
 larvae of which are very destructive 
 to corn crops. * 
 
 hest (hest), n. a behest; command. 
 
 hetserism (he-te'rizm), n. open con- 
 cubinage ; a system of communal 
 marriage among certain tribes. 
 
 hetero, a prefix meaning another, ab- 
 normal, different, unequal. Also 
 heter, as heterocercal, having the 
 upper lobe of the tail longer than 
 the lower lobe: said of certain fish. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
het 
 
 We 
 
 heterodox ('er-o-doks), adj. deviat- 
 ing from an accepted doctrine or 
 standard of faith, &c. ; heretical : 
 opposed to orthodox. 
 
 heterodoxy (-dok-si), n. [pl. hetero- 
 doxies (-iz)], an unorthodox doc- 
 trine or opinion ; heresy. 
 
 heterogeneity (-je-ne'i-ti), n. dif- 
 ference in kind; dissimilarity. 
 
 heterogeneous (-o-je'ne-us), adj. 
 opposite or dissimilar in character, 
 quality, structure, &c, not homo- 
 geneous. 
 
 heterogenesis (-jen'e-sis), n. the 
 doctrine that certain organisms can 
 produce offspring differing in struc- 
 ture and habit from the parent, but 
 reverting in subsequent generations 
 to the original type. 
 
 heterologous (-ol'o-gus), adj. ab- 
 normal in type or structure ; con- 
 sisting of different elements, or of 
 the same elements in varying pro- 
 portions. 
 
 heteromorphism (-mSr'fizm), n. 
 deviation from the natural form or 
 structure. 
 
 heteronomous (-on'o-mus), adj. dif- 
 fering from the normal type. 
 
 heulandite (hu'land-it), n. a vitre- 
 ous transparent brittle mineral, a 
 silicate of alumina and lime. 
 
 hew (hu), v.t. [p.t. hewed, p.p. hewn, 
 hewed, p.pr. hewing], to cut or 
 shape, as with an axe or other 
 sharp instrument ; hack ; chop ; 
 form laboriously. 
 
 hexa, a prefix meaning six. Also 
 hex, as hexachord, a six-stringed 
 musical instrument. 
 
 hexad (heks'ad), n. a chemical ele- 
 ment, atom, or radical that can be 
 combined with, or replaced by, six 
 atoms of hydrogen. 
 
 hexagon ('a-gon), n. a plane figure 
 having six angles and six sides. 
 
 hexagonal (-al), adj. six-sided. 
 
 hexahedron (-a-he'dron), n. [pi. 
 hexahedra ( 'dra ) ] , a solid bounded 
 by six plane faces. 
 
 hexameter (-am'e-ter), n. in Greek 
 and Latin verse, a line consisting 
 of six feet, the last being usually a 
 spondee. 
 
 hexapod ('a-pod), n. an animal with 
 six legs, as insects. 
 
 hexiology ( -i-ol'o-ji ) , n. the science 
 of habits and environment. 
 
 hiatus (hi-a'tus), n. a break; vacan- 
 cy ; gap ; the concurrence of two 
 vowels in two successive syllables. 
 
 hibernaculum (-ber-nak'u-lum), n. 
 [pl. -la], the winter quarters of a 
 hibernating animal ; the bud-scales 
 of a winter bud. 
 
 hibernal (-ber'nal), adj. wintry. 
 
 hibernate ('ber-nat), v.i. to pass 
 the winter in a state of torpor, as 
 certain animals ; to winter. 
 
 Hibernian ('ni-an), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of, Hibernia or 
 Ireland. 
 
 Hibernianism ('ni-an-izm), n. an 
 Irish idiom. Also Hibernicism. 
 
 Hiberno-Celtic ('no-sel'tik), adj. 
 pertaining to the Kelts of Ireland or 
 their language : n. native Irish. Also 
 Hiberno-Keltic. 
 
 Hibiscus (hl-bis'kus), n. a genus of 
 plants, shrubs, &c, of the mallow 
 family. 
 
 hiccatee (hik-a-te'), n. an American 
 fresh water tortoise. 
 
 hiccough ('up), n. a short convulsive 
 cough : v.i. to utter a short convul- 
 sive cough. Also hiccup. 
 
 hie jacet (ja'set), (Latin here lies) 
 an inscription on tombstones. 
 
 hickory ('6-ri), n. [pl. hickories 
 (-riz)], an American nut-bearing 
 tree of the genus Carya. 
 
 hid, p.adj. concealed ; not known ; se- 
 cret. Also hidden. 
 
 hidalgo (hi-dal'go), n. in Spain, a 
 nobleman of the lowest rank. Fern. 
 hidalga. 
 
 hide (hid), v.t. [p.t. hid, p.p. hidden, 
 p.pr. hiding], to conceal; secrete; 
 not to confess ; disguise ; whip : v.i. 
 to lie concealed : n. an animal's skin 
 raw or dressed; formerly a measure 
 of land. 
 
 hidebound ('bound), adj. having 
 the skin close or contracted; preju- 
 diced ; bigoted. 
 
 hideous (hid'e-us), adj. offensive to 
 the sight, ear, or taste ; shocking ; 
 dreadful ; horrible. 
 
 hiding (hid'ing), n. concealment; a 
 beating. 
 
 hie (hi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hied, p.pr. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hie 
 
 M 
 
 Ml 
 
 hieing], to excite; speed: v.i. to 
 hasten. 
 
 hierarch ('er-ark), n. the chief ruler 
 of an ecclesiastical body; the leader 
 of an angelic host; in ancient 
 Greece, an officer who had charge of 
 votive offerings. 
 
 hierarchic ( 'ik ) , adj. pertaining to a 
 hierarch, or a hierarchy. Also hier- 
 archical. 
 
 hierarchism (-izm), n. church gov- 
 ernment by a hierarchy. 
 
 hierarchy (-i), n. [pi. hierarchies 
 (-iz)], the higher and lower clergy 
 of a church ; priesthood ; rank of 
 holy beings, as angels ; in biology, 
 a series of systematic groups. 
 
 hieratic (-e-rat'ik) , adj. pertaining to 
 priests; sacred; consecrated. Also 
 hieratical. 
 
 hiero, a prefix meaning sacred, as 
 Tjierophant, a priest who, in ancient 
 Greece, initiated novices into the 
 sacred mysteries. 
 
 hieroglyphic (hi-er-o-glif'ik), n. a 
 sacred character or symbol : pi. the 
 picture writings of the ancient 
 Egyptians, &c. : adj. pertaining to 
 hieroglyphics ; emblematic. 
 
 hieroglyphically (-al-li), adv. by 
 hieroglyphics. 
 
 hierology (-ol'o-ji), n. the science 
 of hieroglyphics. 
 
 higgle (hig'l), v.i. to carry provi- 
 sions about for sale ; chaffer ; dis- 
 pute about trifles. 
 
 higgledy-piggledy ( -di-pig f l-di) , 
 adv. in confusion; topsy-turvy. 
 
 high (hi), adj. elevated in place; 
 lofty ; exalted in degree or quality ; 
 chief ; head ; honorable ; noble ; of 
 large amount or quantity ; strong ; 
 powerful ; intense ; tempestuous ; 
 full or complete ; near to the wind ; 
 tainted ; shrill ; acute : n. an ele- 
 vated place : adv. aloft ; profoundly ; 
 eminently ; aloud ; luxurious. 
 
 high-church ('cherch), adj. attach- 
 ing great importance to the prerog- 
 ative and authority of the Church, 
 its sacraments and priesthood. 
 
 high-colored ('kul-erd), adj. having 
 a strong, deep, or glaring color ; 
 flushed; vivid; exaggerated. 
 
 highest ('est), adj. most high. 
 
 highfalutin (-fa-lu'tin), adj. bom- 
 bastic: n. bombastic speech. 
 
 high-farming ('farm-ing), adj. 
 using fertilizing manures extensive- 
 ly. 
 
 high-flown ('flon), adj. elevated; 
 proud ; extravagant ; inflated. 
 
 high-handed ('hand'ed), adj. vio- 
 lent ; arbitrary. 
 
 high- jinks ('jingks), n. sportive jol- 
 lification. 
 
 highland ('land), n. a mountainous 
 region: pi. the mountainous dis- 
 tricts of Scotland. 
 
 high life (lif), n. fashionable socie- 
 ty ; its manner of living. 
 
 highlows ('loz)], n.pl. laced shoes 
 reaching to the ankle. 
 
 highly ( 'li ) , adv. in a high manner ; 
 in a great degree ; with high esteem 
 or opinion; proudly; arrogantly. 
 
 high mass (mas), n. a mass, usually 
 at the high altar, at which a dea- 
 con and a subdeacon assist the cele- 
 brant. 
 
 highness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being high ; a title of honor 
 applied to persons of princely rank 
 (with a possessive pronoun). 
 
 high priest (prest), n. a chief priest, 
 especially the principal priest of the 
 Jewish hierarchy. 
 
 highroad ('rod), n. a chief road; 
 highway ; an easy course or method. 
 
 highstrnng ('strung), adj. strung to 
 a high pitch ; extremely sensitive. 
 
 night (hit), p.adj. called. 
 
 high-toned ('tond),a^;.high pitched; 
 high principled ; fashionable. 
 
 high-water ('waw-ter), adj. pertain- 
 ing to high tide, or its height or 
 time. 
 
 highway (Va), n. & public road; a 
 course or path. 
 
 highwayman (-man), n. [pi. high- 
 waymen (-men)], one who robs on 
 the public road. 
 
 high wine (win), n. a distillage of 
 wine ; brandy containing a large 
 percentage of alcohol. 
 
 hilarious (hi-la'ri-us), adj. merry; 
 exhilarated. 
 
 hilarity (-lar'i-ti), n. [pi. hilarities 
 (-tiz)], noisy merriment; exhilara- 
 tion. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hil 
 
 Ms 
 
 hill (hil), n. an elevation less than a 
 mountain ; a small mound or heap : 
 v.t. to draw earth about (plants in 
 mounds), as potatoes. 
 
 hilliness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing hilly. 
 
 hillock ('ok), n. a small hill. 
 
 hilly ('0, adj. abounding with, or 
 characterized by, hills ; rugged. 
 
 hilt (hilt), n. a handle, especially of 
 a sword. 
 
 him (him), pron. the objective case of 
 he. 
 
 hind (hind), n. the female of the 
 stag or red deer ; a farm servant ; 
 peasant : adj. backward ; hinder. 
 
 hinder (hind'er), adj. belonging to, 
 or constituting, the back or rear of 
 anything. 
 
 hinder (hin'der), v.t. to obstruct or 
 impede : v.i. to impose obstructions 
 or impediments. 
 
 hindermost (hlnd'er-most ),adj. same 
 as hindmost. 
 
 hindmost (hmd'most), adj. farthest 
 from the front ; in the extreme rear. 
 
 Hindoo, same as Hindu. 
 
 hindrance (hin'drans), n. obstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 Hindu ('doo), n. a native of Hin- 
 dustan belonging to the Arj an race ; 
 Brahman : adj. pertaining to the 
 Hindus or to Hinduism. Also Hin- 
 doo. 
 
 Hinduism (-izm), n. Brahmanism, 
 more or less modified from the orig- 
 inal cult. 
 
 Hindustani (-sta'ne), n. the official 
 and common language of India ; 
 Urdu. Also Hindustanee. 
 
 hinge (liinj) T n. the joint or hook 
 on which a door, &c, turn or swing ; 
 the joint of a bivalve shell ; that on 
 which anything depends or turns : 
 v.t. to furnish with a hinge: v.i. to 
 stand, turn, or depend, as on a hinge. 
 
 hinny (hin'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. hin- 
 nied, p.pr. hinnying], to neigh: n. 
 the offspring of a horse and a she 
 ass. 
 
 hint (hint), v.t. to suggest; mention 
 casually : n. a suggestion ; distant 
 allusion. 
 
 hip (hip), n. the upper fleshy part 
 of the thigh ; haunch ; the coxa of 
 
 an insect ; the rafter at the junction 
 of two sloping roofs ; the fruit of 
 the briar or dogrose ; melancholy : 
 inter j. a huzzah : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 hipped, p.pr. hipping], to sprain or 
 fracture the hip of ; affect with mel- 
 ancholy ; build with a hip ; throw by 
 a cross-buttock in wrestling. 
 
 hipp, a prefix meaning horse. Also 
 hippo, as hippo-ph&gy, the practice 
 of eating horse-flesh. 
 
 Hippocampus (-o-kam'pus), n. [pi. 
 Hippocampi (-pi)], a genus of 
 small osseous fishes, having the head 
 and shoulders somewhat resembling 
 that of a horse. 
 
 hippocampus, n. a sea-horse; the 
 name of two eminences on the lat- 
 eral ventricles of the brain (hippo- 
 campus major and hippocampus mi- 
 nor). 
 
 hippodrome ('o-drom), n. an an- 
 cient Greek race-course for eques- 
 trian games and chariots ; a circus ; 
 a fraudulent contest or race, the re- 
 sult of which has been previously 
 arranged. 
 
 hipp og riff ('o-grif), n. a fabulous 
 winged monster, half horse, half 
 griffin. 
 
 hippology (-ol'o-ji), n. the study of 
 the horse, its structure, habits, &c. 
 
 hippopotamus (-pot'a-mus), n. [pi. 
 hippopotami (-ml), -muses (-ez)], 
 a _ large pachydermatous aquatic 
 animal of Africa ; the river-horse. 
 
 hircine (her'sin), adj. resembling a 
 goat ; smelling like a goat : n. an 
 oily product with a foetid smell 
 found in the fat of goats and sheep. 
 
 hire (hlr), v.t. to engage for tem- 
 porary service at a certain price ; 
 bribe ; let or lease : n. recompense 
 or consideration paid for the use of 
 anything ; wages ; bribe. 
 
 hireling (hir'ling), n. one who serves 
 for hire : adj. mercenary. 
 
 hirsute (her'sut), adj. hairy; shaggy. 
 
 his (hiz), pron. poss. case of he. 
 
 Hispanic (his-pan'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Hispania or Spain. 
 
 Hispanicism ('i-sizm), n. a Spanish 
 idiom. 
 
 hispid ('pid), adj. bristly. 
 
 hiss (his), n. a noise, made by fore- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
his 
 
 hob 
 
 ing the breath between the tongue 
 and upper teeth, resembling that of 
 a serpent or goose : v.i. to utter such 
 a sound, especially as expressing dis- 
 approbation or contempt. 
 
 hist (hist), inter}, silence! hark! 
 
 histo, a prefix meaning tissue, as 
 Myography, a description of or- 
 ganic tissues. 
 
 histology (-tol'6-ji), n. the science 
 of animal tissues ; microscopic anat- 
 omy. 
 
 historian (-to'ri-an), n. a writer or 
 student of history. 
 
 historic (-tor'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 contained in, or celebrated in, his- 
 tory ; relating to the past. Also his- 
 torical. 
 
 historiette (-to-ri-ef), n. a short 
 history. 
 
 historiographer (-og'ra-fer), n. a 
 writer of history, especially an offi- 
 cial historian. 
 
 history ('to-ri), n. [pi. histories 
 (-riz)], a narration of facts and 
 events arranged chronologically with 
 their causes and effects ; knowledge 
 of facts. 
 
 histrionic (-tri-on'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to actors or the stage ; theatri- 
 cal; also histrionical : n.pl. the art 
 of theatrical representation. 
 
 histrionically (-al-li), adv. theat- 
 rically. 
 
 histrionicism ('i-sizm), stage effect. 
 
 histrionism (-izm), n. stage repre- 
 sentation ; affectation. 
 
 hit (hit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hit, p.pr. 
 hitting], to strike; give a blow to; 
 touch ( the mark ) ; attain to ; suit : 
 v.i. to clash or collide ; succeed : n. 
 a stroke or blow; a lucky event; 
 felicitous remark. 
 
 hitch (hich), n. a catch; that which 
 acts like a catch ; impediment ; a 
 pulling or jerking upwards : v.i. to 
 become entangled or caught ; move 
 by jerks; strike the feet together, 
 as horses : v.t. to fasten or tie ; pull 
 up with a jerk. 
 
 hitching ('ing), n. a fastening in 
 harness. 
 
 hither (hith'er), adv. to this place: 
 adj. on the side nearest to the 
 speaker. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
 hive (hiv), n. an artificial receptacle 
 or house for bees ; a swarm of bees 
 inhabiting a hive ; a busy assem- 
 blage or society : v.t. to gather or 
 put into a hive ; harbor : v.i. to live 
 or take shelter together. 
 
 hives (Mvz), n.pl. nettle-rash; croup. 
 
 ho (ho), inter j. stop! hold! 
 
 hoar (hor), adj. white; grey with 
 age ; ancient. 
 
 hoard (hord), n. a store or treasure 
 laid up secretly; an accumulation 
 of ^ things : v.t. to collect and lay up : 
 v.i. to lay up store. 
 
 hoarding ('ing), n. the act of stor- 
 ing up ; a fence of rough boards in- 
 closing a building site. 
 
 hoar-frost (hor'frSst), n. white par- 
 ticles of frozen dew or moisture. 
 
 hoarhound ('hound), n. a white 
 woolly aromatic herb. 
 
 hoarse (hors), adj. rough and harsh 
 in sound, as the voice when affected 
 by a cold. 
 
 hoarsely ('li), adv. in a hoarse man- 
 ner. 
 
 hoarseness ('nes), n. the state of 
 being hoarse. 
 
 hoax (hoks), n. a sportive deceptive 
 trick ; practical joke : v.t. to take in, 
 or delude, by a hoax. 
 
 hob (hob), n. the flat part of a grate 
 on which things are placed to be 
 kept warm ; a sprite or fairy. 
 
 hobble ('1), v.i. to walk with a limp 
 or awkward step : v.t. embarrass or 
 perplex ; shackle : n. limping or awk- 
 ward step. 
 
 hobble-de-hoy (-de-hoi'), n. a lad 
 between boyhood and manhood; an 
 inexperienced, awkward youth. 
 
 hobbly ('li), adj. rough or uneven. 
 
 hobby (hob'i), n. [pi. hobbies ('iz)], 
 a favorite pursuit or object; an 
 ambling nag; a hobby-horse; a kind 
 of falcon. 
 
 hobby-horse (-hors), n. a stick with 
 a horse's head, across which children 
 sit; a wooden or rocking-horse; a 
 character in old morris dances. 
 
 hobgoblin (-gob'lin), n. a goblin, 
 sprite, or elf, especially one of fright- 
 ful appearance: hence an alarming 
 apparition. 
 
 hobnail ('nal), n. a short thick nail 
 
hob 
 
 hoi 
 
 with a large head : used for protect- 
 ing the soles of heavy boots. 
 
 hobnob ('nob), v.i. to drink famil- 
 iarly with ; associate intimately to- 
 gether. 
 
 hobo (ho'bo), n. an idle itinerant 
 workman ; a tramp. 
 
 hock (hok), n. the joint between the 
 knee and the fetlock ; the back part 
 of the human knee-joint ; any white 
 Rhine wine; pawn. 
 
 hockey ('i), n. an outdoor game 
 played with a ball and clubs curved 
 at one end. 
 
 hocus (ho'kus), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ho- 
 cused, p.pr. hocusing], to cheat or 
 trick ; to stupefy or render insensi- 
 ble by means of drugged liquor in 
 order to cheat or rob : n. a trick or 
 juggle ; drugged liquor. 
 
 hocus-pocus (po'kus), n. a juggler's 
 trick ; a juggler. 
 
 hod (hod), n. a wooden trough, af- 
 fixed to a long handle, for carrying 
 mortar or bricks ; a coal-scuttle ; a 
 male ferret. 
 
 hod-carrier ('kar-i-er), n. a man 
 who carries a hod ; hodman. 
 
 hodge-podge ('poj), n. a medley of 
 ingredients, as in a hodge-podge 
 pudding. 
 
 hodman (hod'man), n. a bricklay- 
 er's laborer; a hod-carrier. 
 
 hoe (ho), n. an agricultural tool for 
 cutting weeds, &c. : v.t. to cut, or 
 till, with a hoe ; clear from weeds. 
 
 hog (hog), n. a swine; a kind of 
 rough broom used for scrubbing a 
 ship's bottom under water ; a grasp- 
 ing, gluttonous person : v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. hogged, p.pr. hogging], to 
 scrub (a ship's bottom) under water ; 
 to cut (the hair) short : v.i. to droop 
 at both ends : said of a ship. 
 
 hogshead (z'hed), n. a measure of 
 capacity = 52% imperial gals, or 63 
 wine gals. ; a large barrel or cask. 
 
 hoiden (hoi'dn), n. a rude rustic 
 girl; romp: adj. inelegant; rustic; 
 ill-mannered : v.i. to romp roughly 
 or indelicately. Also hoyden. 
 
 hoist (hoist), v.t. to lift or raise with 
 tackle ; heave : n. an apparatus for 
 lifting goods from a lower to a 
 higher floor, &c. ; a lift- 
 
 hoity-toity (hoi'ti-toi'ti), inter j. an 
 exclamation of surprise, rebuke, &c. 
 
 lioki ('ki), n. a New Zealand fish. 
 
 hoky-poky (ho'ki-po'ki), n. a com- 
 mon kind of ice-cream sold in slabs. 
 
 hold (hold), v.t. [p.t. held, p.p. held, 
 hoiden, p.pr. holding], to grasp and 
 keep in the hand ; clutch ; retain ; 
 keep ; possess ; connect ; judge or 
 consider ; entertain ; contain ; cele- 
 brate ; use : v.i. to cling ; adhere ; 
 stand good ; continue ; proceed ; re- 
 frain ; maintain an opinion : n. the 
 act of holding ; a grasp or clutch ; 
 an embrace ; support ; a fortified 
 place ; that part of a vessel where 
 the cargo is stored. 
 
 holdfast ('fast), n. a hook or sup- 
 port : adj. tenacious. 
 
 holding ('ing), n. anything held; 
 tenure or right of possession ; a 
 farm held of a superior. 
 
 hole (hoi), n. a cavity; hollow 
 place ; pit ; perforation ; the burrow 
 of an animal ; mean habitation ; a 
 difficulty or dilemma. 
 
 holiday (hol'i-da), n. a day of gaiety 
 and joy in celebration of some event, 
 &c. ; a day of freedom from labor : 
 adj. pertaining to a festival ; joyous ; 
 gay. 
 
 holily (ho'li-li), adv. piously. 
 
 holiness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being holy ; freedom from 
 sin ; moral and spiritual purity ; 
 sacredness ; a title of the Pope. 
 
 holland (hoi 'and), n. fine unbleached 
 linen, glazed or unglazed : pi. a kind 
 of gin. 
 
 holloa (hol'a), v.i. to shout to one at 
 a distance : n. a shout. 
 
 hollow ('6), adj. having a void space 
 within : opposed to solid ; sunken ; 
 superficial ; unreal : n. a cavity ; 
 pit ; groove ; space between hills or 
 elevations ; insincere ; deep ; low : 
 v.t. to make hollow: adv. complete- 
 ly; thoroughly. 
 
 hollow- ware (-war), n. cast-iron 
 kitchen utensils, earthenware, &c. 
 
 holly ('li), n. a shrub or tree of the 
 genus Ilex, with glossy, prickly 
 leaves and red berries. 
 
 hollyhock (hol'i-hok), n. a tall bien- 
 nial plant of the mallow family with 
 large flowers. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; n5te, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
hoi 
 
 horn 
 
 holm (horn), n. an evergreen oak; 
 low flat land by the side of a river ; 
 a small river island. 
 
 hole, a prefix meaning whole, entire, 
 as AoZocryptic, undecipherable. 
 
 holoblastic (hol-o-blas'tik), adj. 
 wholly germinal. 
 
 holocaust ('6-kawst), n. a sacrifice 
 wholly consumed by fire. 
 
 holocryptic, see under holo. 
 
 holograph ('o-graf), n. a document 
 entirely in the handwriting of the 
 author. 
 
 holster (hol'ster), n. a leather pistol- 
 case usually carried at the saddle- 
 bow. 
 
 holt (holt), n. a wooded hill; a bur- 
 row or hiding place. 
 
 holy (ho'li), adj. [comp. holier, su- 
 perl. holiest], pure; morally and 
 spiritually perfect; sinless; preemi- 
 nently good; pious; sacred; conse- 
 crated. 
 
 holy day (da), a religious festival. 
 
 Holy Ghost, same as Holy Spirit. 
 
 Holy Land (land), n. Palestine. 
 
 Holy Rood (rood), n. a cross or 
 crucifix, especially one over the en- 
 trance to the chancel. 
 
 Holy Spirit (spir'it), n. God; the 
 third person of the Trinity. 
 
 holystone (-ston), n. a large flat 
 piece of stone used for scouring the 
 ship's decks: v.t. to scrub (a deck) 
 with a holystone. 
 
 homage (hom'aj), n. respect paid by 
 external action ; deference ; rever- 
 ence ; the ceremony by which a 
 tenant or vassal promised fealty and 
 service to his feudal lord. 
 
 homalo, a prefix, meaning even, 
 plane, as homaloidsd, flat ; plane. 
 
 home (horn), n. one's abode or resi- 
 dence ; dwelling-place of a man and 
 his family; fatherland; habitat; a 
 benevolent or charitaole institution : 
 adj. pertaining to one's abode or 
 country ; domestic : to the point de- 
 signed ; near ; effective : adv. to or at 
 home ; to the uttermost ; closely. 
 
 homeliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
 being homely ; plainness ; rudeness. 
 
 homely ('li), adj. plain-featured; un- 
 cultured ; rude. In England benevo- 
 lent, kindly, homelike. 
 
 home-made ('mad), adj. of nouse- 
 hold or domestic manufacture, as 
 home-made bread. 
 
 homeopathic (ho-me-o-path'ik), adj. 
 of or pertaining to homeopathy ; ex- 
 tremely small in quantity. 
 
 homeopathist (op'a-thist), n. one 
 who practices or believes in homeop- 
 athy. 
 
 homeopathy (op'a-thi), n. the medi- 
 cal system introduced by Hahne- 
 mann (1755-1843) which seeks to 
 cure diseases by the administration 
 of medicines in minute, quantities to 
 produce in the patient symptoms 
 similar to those the same medicine 
 would produce in a healthy person. 
 
 Homeridse (ho-mer'i-de), n.pl. the 
 poetical descendants of Homer ; the 
 rhapsodists who recited the Homeric 
 poems. 
 
 home rule (horn rool), n. local self- 
 governmentj especially that form of 
 government for Ireland advocated 
 by Mr. Gladstone and the Irish 
 Party. 
 
 homesick (hom'sik), adj. ill because 
 of absence from home ; nostalgic. 
 
 homesickness (-nes), n. state of be- 
 ing homesick ; nostalgia. 
 
 homestead ('sted), n. a dwelling- 
 house with the adjacent land ; orig- 
 inal abode. 
 
 homicidal (hom'i-si-dal), adj. per- 
 taining to, or having a tendency to, 
 homicide. 
 
 homicide ('i-sid), n. the killing of a 
 human being ; one who kills another. 
 
 homiletic (-i-let'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to homiletics. Also homiletical. 
 
 homiletics ('iks), n.pl. that branch 
 of theology which treats of ser- 
 mons and their composition. 
 
 homilist ('i-list), n. a preacher. 
 
 homily ('i-li), n. {pi. homilies (-liz)], 
 a plain religious discourse or sermon. 
 
 homing (hom'ing), adj. returning 
 home : said of carrier pigeons. 
 
 hominy (hom'i-ni), n. Indian-corn 
 soaked so as to remove the hull, and 
 then coarsely ground. 
 
 homo, a prefix meaning like, same, 
 similar, as Tiomocercal, lobed alike, 
 as the tail of a mackerel. 
 
 homocentric, same as concentric. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
liom 
 
 hoo 
 
 homoeopathy, same as homeopathy. 
 
 homogeneity (ho-mo-je-ne'i-ti), n. 
 similarity. 
 
 homogeneous (-je'ne-us), adj. uni- 
 form ; composed of similar parts or 
 elements. 
 
 homogenesis (-jen'e-sis), n. a mode 
 of reproduction in which the off- 
 spring of a higher organism passes 
 through the same cycle of existence 
 as the parent. 
 
 homogenous (-moj'e-nus), adj. of the 
 same origin. Also homogenetic. 
 
 homograph ('mo-graf), n. a word 
 spelled the same way as another 
 word, but having a different mean- 
 ing, and derived from a different 
 root, as grave — a tomb, grave = 
 serious. 
 
 homologous (-mol'o-gus), adj. iden- 
 tical. 
 
 homologue ( 'mo-log) , n. the __ same 
 organ or part in different animals, 
 but varying in form and functions, 
 as a hand, fin, &c. 
 
 homology ('o-ji), n. affinity of struc- 
 ture. 
 
 homomorph ('mo-morf), n. a sim- 
 ilar character or mark. 
 
 homonym ('mo-nim), n. a word alike 
 in sound, but differing in meaning, 
 as pair, pare, pear. 
 
 homophone (ho'mo-fon), n. a letter 
 representing the same sound as an- 
 other. 
 
 homophonous (-mof'o-nus), adj. 
 alike in sound, but differing in mean- 
 ing. 
 
 homotype Cmo-tip), n. that part of 
 an animal which corresponds to 
 another part. 
 
 hone (hon), n. a kind of fine whet- 
 stone : v.t. to sharpen on a hone. 
 
 honest (on'est), adj. upright; just; 
 sincere ; honorable ; equitable ; fair ; 
 righteous ; chaste ; frank or open. 
 
 honesty (-i), n. the quality of being 
 honest. 
 
 honey (hun'i), n. a sweet, viscid, 
 syrupy substance collected by bees 
 from flowers ; sweetness ; darling or 
 sweet one: adj. resembling honey: 
 v.t. to talk to in an endearing or 
 flattering manner. 
 
 honey-bee (-be), n. the common 
 hive-bee. 
 
 honeycomb (-kom), n. the waxen 
 hexagonal cells made by bees to con- 
 tain their honey, eggs, &c. ; any 
 structure resembling a honeycomb : 
 v.t. to fill with holes, &c, so as to 
 leave only thin partitions. 
 
 honey dew (-du), a saccharine secre- 
 tion from the leaves of certain 
 plants ; a sweet substance secreted 
 by aphids ; a variety of tobacco. 
 
 honey-locust (-lo-kust), n. a large 
 American tree of the bean family. 
 
 honeymoon (-moon), n. the first 
 month after marriage. 
 
 honeysuckle (-suk'l), n. a climbing 
 plant with fragrant flowers. 
 
 honiton (hon'i-tun), n. a kind of 
 lace. 
 
 honorarium (on-o-ra'ri-um), n. a 
 fee paid to a professional man. 
 
 honorary ('er-a-ri), adj. done, or 
 conferred, as an honor. 
 
 honor ('er), n. respectful regard; 
 esteem ; worship ; reputation ; ex- 
 alted rank ; fame ; magnanimity ; 
 scorn of meanness ; self-respect ; 
 chastity ; an outward mark of high 
 esteem ; glory ; a title used in ad- 
 dressing certain officials; one of the 
 four highest trump cards in whist : 
 pi. in a university examination, the 
 highest class: v.t. to treat with re- 
 spect, deference, or civility ; revere 
 or worship ; bestow marks of honor 
 upon (with with); dignity; ac- 
 knowledge; accept and pay when 
 due. 
 
 honorable (-a-bl), adj. worthy of, 
 or conferring, honor ; distinguished 
 in rfiak ; high-minded ; illustrious ; 
 upright ; indicating honor ; a title 
 of distinction. 
 
 honorably (-bli), adv. in an honor- 
 able manner. 
 
 hood (hood), n. a soft wrapper or 
 covering for the head ; a monk's, 
 woman's, or falcon's hood ; a fold- 
 ing cover for a carriage ; an orna- 
 mental fold hanging down the back 
 denoting a university degree; some- 
 thing resembling a hood ; a cowl : 
 v.t. to cover or furnish with, or as 
 with, a hood : suffix = state, con- 
 dition, or quality, as manhood, 
 hardihood. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hoo 
 
 hor 
 
 hoodlum (hood'lum), n. originally a 
 Californian rough or bully ; a rowdy. 
 
 hoodoo (hoo'doo), n. a person or 
 thing that causes ill-luck : v.t. to 
 bring ill-luck upon. 
 
 hoodwink (hood'wingk), v.t. to de- 
 ceive; blindfold. 
 
 hoof (hoof), n. [pi. hoofs], the horny 
 substance covering the feet of cer- 
 tain mammals, as horses, &c. ; an 
 animal with hoofs. 
 
 hook (hook), n. a curved piece of 
 metal, bone, &c. to hold or catch 
 something ; a fish-hook ; sickle ; a 
 trap ; an instrument for lopping or 
 cutting ; a cape or headland : v.t. to 
 catch with, or as with, a hook; to 
 gore or attack with the horns : 
 said of a horned animal : v.t. to bend 
 in the shape of a hook; become 
 fastened to anything with a hook 
 (with on). 
 
 hookah (hoo'kah), n. a pipe with a 
 long flexible tube which draws the 
 smoke through a vase containing 
 water. Also hooka. 
 
 hooked (hookt), p.adj. curved like a 
 hook. 
 
 hooker (hook'er), n. one who, or 
 that which, hooks ; a fishing-smack ; 
 a small Dutch vessel; any clumsy, 
 ill-fitted, old craft. 
 
 hoop (hoop, or hoop), n. a metal or 
 wooden band to hold together the 
 staves of a cask, &c. ; the band of 
 a finger-ring ; a kind of crinoline ; 
 a large circular ring of metal or 
 wood used by children for trun- 
 dling ; anything curved like a hoop ; 
 a whoop ; the noise made iiK whoop- 
 ing-cough : v.t. to bind or secure 
 with a hoop ; encircle. 
 
 hooper ('er), n. a cooper; the wild 
 swan. 
 
 hooping ('ing), n. material for mak- 
 ing hoops ; hoops collectively. 
 
 hooping-cough, same as whooping- 
 cough. 
 
 hoopoe (hoo'po), n. a bird with an 
 erect crest and handsome plumage. 
 
 hoot (hoot), n. a contemptuous 
 shout : v.t. to jeer or drive with 
 contemptuous shouts : v.i. to utter 
 a hoot. 
 
 hoove (ho5v), n. a disease in cattle, 
 in which the abdomen is distended. 
 
 hop (hop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hopped, 
 p.pr. hopping], to leap over; im- 
 pregnate with hops : v.i. to proceed 
 by short leaps on one leg ; skip with 
 both legs ; limp ; to pick hops : n. a 
 jump on one leg ; a dance ; a twin- 
 ing plant the ripened cones of 
 which are used in brewing to im- 
 part a bitter taste to malt liquors: 
 adj. pertaining to hops. 
 
 hope (hop), n. the desire of good 
 accompanied by expectation; antic- 
 ipation ; confidence ; the object of 
 hope : v.t. to expect with confidence 
 or desire : v.i. to cherish a desire 
 for good; trust confidently. 
 
 hopeful ('fool), adj. full of hope; 
 promising success. 
 
 hopefully (-li), adv. in a hopeful 
 manner. 
 
 hoplite (hop'lit), n. an ancient 
 Greek heavy-armed foot-soldier. 
 
 hopper (hop'er), n. one who, or that 
 which, hops ; a name for various 
 leaping insects ; a wooden trough or 
 funnel through which grain passes 
 into a mill ; mechanism in a piano 
 for lifting the hammer ; a seed-bas- 
 ket used in sowing grain ; a hop- 
 picker ; the basin of a water-closet. 
 
 hoppet ('et), n. a hand-basket; a 
 dish for measuring ore. 
 
 hopple ('1), v.t. to hobble. 
 
 hoppy ('i), adj. full of, or tasting 
 like, hops. 
 
 hops, see under hop. 
 
 hopscotch ('skoch), n. a children's 
 game, in which a flat stone is driven 
 from one numbered compartment 
 to another by the player while he 
 hops. 
 
 horal (ho'ral), adj. pertaining to, or 
 lasting, an hour; hourly. Also 
 horary. 
 
 horde (hord), n. a nomadic tribe or 
 clan dwelling in tents or wagons; a 
 vast multitude: v.i. to live, or act 
 together, in hordes. 
 
 hordeine (h6r'd6-in), n. a starch-like 
 substance obtained from barley. 
 
 horehound, same as hoarhound. 
 
 horizon (ho-ri'zun), n. the circular 
 line where the sky and earth, or 
 sea, appear to meet : hence the 
 limit of one's mental vision. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, thsn. 
 
hor 
 
 hor 
 
 horizontal (hor-i-zon'tal), adj. paral- 
 lel to, or situated near, the horizon ; 
 level : opposed to vertical. 
 
 horizontally (-li), adv. in a horizon- 
 tal direction. 
 
 horn (horn), n. a hard projecting, 
 usually curved, protuberance on the 
 head of certain mammals, especially 
 hoofed animals ; a thickened form of 
 tissue; anything made of horn, or 
 like horn ; a wind instrument ; one 
 of the extremities of the moon when 
 in crescent form. 
 
 hornbeak ('bek), n. the garfish. 
 
 hornbeam ('bem), n. a small tree 
 yielding a tough wood : used for cog- 
 wheels, &c. 
 
 hornbill ('bil), n. a bird with a 
 large horn-crested bill, allied to the 
 kingfishers. 
 
 hornblende ('blend), n. a dark- 
 green or black-colored mineral with 
 a horn-like cleavage. 
 
 horned (hornd), adj. having horns; 
 horn-shaped. 
 
 hornet (hor'net), n. a social wasp 
 which inflicts a severe sting : hence 
 a waspish, disagreeable person. 
 
 horning (hSrn'ing), n. the appear- 
 ance of the moon at her first and 
 last quarter. 
 
 hornpipe (horn'pip), n. a lively 
 dance, especially by sailors ; an ob- 
 solete wind instrument. 
 
 horn wrack ('rak), n. sea-mat. 
 
 horny ('i), adj. like horn. 
 
 horologe (hor'o-loj), n. a mechan- 
 ism, as a clock, &c, for marking the 
 hours. 
 
 horology (ho-rol'o-ji), n. the art of 
 measuring time, or of constructing 
 timepieces. 
 
 horometer (ho-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring time. 
 
 horoscope (hor'o-skop), n. a repre- 
 sentation of the heavens at any 
 time, especially at one's birth. 
 
 horoscopy (ho-ros'ko-pi), n. the art 
 of casting horoscopes and determin- 
 ing the destiny of persons from 
 them; a horoscope. 
 
 horrent (hor'ent), adj. erect; bris- 
 tling. 
 
 horrible ('i-bl), adj. terrible; dread- 
 ful. 
 
 horribleness (-nes), n. the state of 
 being horrible. 
 
 horribly ('i-bli), adv. terribly; 
 dreadfully. 
 
 horrid ('id), adj. dreadful; terrible; 
 hideous ; most obnoxious ; gloomy. 
 
 horrific (-if ik) , adj. causing horror. 
 
 horrify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. horri- 
 fied], to fill or strike with horror. 
 
 horripilation (-ip-i-la'shun), n. a 
 shuddering sensation as of the hair 
 standing on end, or goose-flesh. 
 
 horror ('er), n. excessive fear ac- 
 companied with shuddering; ex- 
 treme dread ; great disgust : pi. ex- 
 treme depression ; delirium tre- 
 mens (with the). 
 
 hors de combat (or de cong-ba'), 
 prep. phr. out of the fight; dis- 
 abled [ French 1. 
 
 hors-d'oeuvre (-doovr f ), n. a side 
 dish [French]. 
 
 horse (hors), n. a solid-hoofed ani- 
 mal, used for riding or drawing 
 burdens ; a male of the species ; cav- 
 alry; a framework or machine for 
 the support of anything; a foot- 
 rope to support the foot of a sailor 
 under a yard or the bowsprit ; work 
 charged for before it is executed : 
 v.t. to mount on, or furnish with, 
 a horse ; carry on horseback ; place 
 astride : v.i. to get on horseback : 
 adj. noting something coarse or 
 large. 
 
 horse-fly ('fll), n. a large fly that 
 stings horses. 
 
 horse-laugh ('laf), n. a coarse noisy 
 laugh. 
 
 horse-power ('pou-er), n. the theo- 
 retical unit of work of a steam- 
 engine = 33,000 lb. raised 1 ft. in 1 
 minute. 
 
 horseradish ('rad-ish), n. a plant 
 with a long root having an acrid 
 pungent taste. 
 
 horseshoe ('shoo), n. a U-shaped 
 metal shoe to protect the hoof of a 
 horse ; anything U-shaped ; the king 
 crab. 
 
 horse weed ('wea), n. the fleabane. 
 
 horsy ('i), adj. pertaining to horses. 
 Also norsey. 
 
 hortative (h6r'ta-tiv), adj. inciting: 
 giving exhortation. Also hortatory. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 D 28 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
tor 
 
 hortensial (-ten'shal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or fitted for, a garden. 
 
 horticultural (-ti-kul'tu-ral), adj. 
 pertaining to horticulture. 
 
 horticulture (-ti-kul'tur), n. the 
 art of cultivating gardens. 
 
 horticulturist (-ist), n. one who is 
 skilled in horticulture. 
 
 hosanna (ho-zan'a), n. an excla- 
 mation of praise and glory to God. 
 
 hose (hoz), n. [pi. hose], coverings 
 for the legs ; stockings ; flexible tub- 
 ing for conveying, water, &c. 
 
 hosier ('zher), n. one who deals in 
 hosiery. 
 
 hosiery (-i), stockings, undercloth- 
 ing, &c. ; a manufactory for such 
 goods. 
 
 hospice (hos'pis), n. an Alpine con- 
 vent for the reception and enter- 
 tainment of travelers. 
 
 hospitable ('pit-a-bl), adj. receiv- 
 ing and entertaining friends or 
 strangers. 
 
 hospital ('pi-tal), n. an institution 
 for the medical treatment and care 
 of the sick. 
 
 hospitality ('i-ti), n. [pi. hospital- 
 ities (-tiz)], the practice of enter- 
 taining friends and strangers with 
 kindness and liberality. 
 
 host (host),'n. a crowd; multitude; 
 army; one who entertains another 
 in public or private; a landlord of 
 an hotel or inn ; an organism on 
 which another is parasitic ; the con- 
 secrated bread or wafer of the 
 Eucharist, in the Greek Roman 
 Catholic, and Lutheran Churches. 
 
 hostage (hos'taj), n. a person who 
 remains in the hands of another as 
 a pledge for the fulfilment of cer- 
 tain conditions ; a pledge. 
 
 hostel ('tel), n. sl hostelry; at Ox- 
 ford and Cambridge, a small unen- 
 dowed college. 
 
 hostelry (-ri), n. an inn or lodging- 
 house. 
 
 hostess (host'es), n. a female host. 
 
 hostile (hos'til), adj. showing ani- 
 mosity ; inimical ; adverse ; repug- 
 nant : n. a hostile Indian. 
 
 hostility (-til'i-ti), n. [pi. hostilities 
 (-tiz)], the state of being hostile; 
 antagonism ; enmity ; animosity : pi. 
 acts of warfare. 
 
 hon 
 
 hostler Cler), n. one who takes 
 charge of horses at an inn. Also 
 ostler. 
 
 hot (hot), adj. [comp. hotter, superl. 
 hottest], having much heat; burn- 
 ing; fiery; passionate; lustful; 
 ardent; furious; pungent; acrid; 
 unendurable ; near to the object 
 sought for. 
 
 hotbed ('bed), n. a bed of earth cov- 
 ered with glass and made warm by 
 the fermentation of manure, for 
 rearing plants. 
 
 hotchpotch (hoch'poch), n. a mix- 
 ture of various ingredients ; a thick 
 broth of meat and vegetables 
 [Scotch] ; a commixture of property 
 for division. 
 
 hotel ho-tel'), n. sl superior inn or 
 lodging-house. 
 
 hothouse (hot'hous), n. a glazed 
 building artificially heated for rear- 
 ing tender plants ; a drying-room. 
 
 hot-mouthed ('mouth't ) f ,adj. head- 
 strong. 
 
 hotpress ('pres), v.t. to gloss paper 
 or linen by passing it between heated 
 rollers. 
 
 hotspur (hot'sper), n. a man of 
 hasty and precipitate valor : adj. 
 hot-headed. 
 
 Hottentot ('en-tot), n. one of an 
 aboriginal South African race in 
 Cape Colony ; the language spoken 
 by the Hottentots, characterized by 
 a peculiar click. 
 
 houdah, same as howdah. 
 
 hough, same as hock. 
 
 hound (hound), n. a particular breed 
 of hunting dog; a despicable, mean 
 fellow : v.t. to. chase with, or as 
 with, hounds ; incite ; set upon. 
 
 houndfish ('fish), n. a kind of shark. 
 
 hour (our), n. the l-24th part of a 
 day ; 60 minutes ; particular time : 
 pi. life; in the Roman Catholic 
 Church, prayers repeated at stated 
 times during the day; the book con- 
 taining such devotional exercises. 
 
 Hour (our), n. one of the Horse, god- 
 desses of the hours and seasons. 
 
 hour-glass (our'glas), n. a device 
 for measuring time by running sand 
 through a narrow neck of a glass 
 vessel. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hou 
 
 houri (hou' or hoo'ri), n. [pi. houris 
 ('riz) ], one of the dark-eyed nymphs 
 of the Mohammedan paradise. 
 
 house (hous), n. a building for resi- 
 dence ; place of abode ; household af- 
 fairs ; manner of living ; family or 
 race, especially of high rank ; one of 
 the divisions of a legislative or ec- 
 clesiastical body ; a quorum of the 
 members of such a body ; a mercan- 
 tile firm ; in astrology, the station 
 of a planet in the heavens, or the 
 12th part of the heavens ; a square 
 on a chess-board ; a workhouse : 
 (houz) v.t. to place in a house; 
 shelter or lodge ; make secure before 
 a storm : v.i. hide ; to take shelter. 
 
 house-boat ('bot), n. a covered boat 
 fitted up as a river residence. 
 
 household ('hold), n. a family liv- 
 ing together : adj. domestic ; pertain- 
 ing to a family or home. 
 
 housing (houz'ing), n. a saddle 
 cloth : pi. ornamental trappings of 
 a horse. 
 
 hovel (hov'l), n. a mean habitation; 
 hut or cabin : v.t. to shelter in a 
 hovel. 
 
 hover (huv'er), v.i. to flutter over 
 or about ; stand in suspense or ex- 
 pectation ; move about in a neigh- 
 borhood. 
 
 how (hou), adv. in what manner; to 
 what degree or extent ; for what 
 reason. 
 
 howbeit (-be'it), adv. nevertheless. 
 
 howdah (hou'da), n. a protected 
 seat for riding on an elephant or 
 camel. Also houdah. 
 
 howel ('el), n. a cooper's smoothing 
 plane. 
 
 however (-ev'er), adv. in whatever 
 manner or degree ; at all events : 
 conj. notwithstanding; yet. 
 
 howitzer ('itz-er), n. a short can- 
 non, formerly used for throwing 
 shells. 
 
 howl (houl), n. the prolonged cry of 
 a dog or wolf ; the cry of one in pain 
 or distress : v.i. to cry like a dog or 
 wolf; utter a prolonged cry of pain 
 or distress ; roar, like the wind ; cry 
 down by clamor : v.t. to utter in a 
 loud wailing tone. 
 
 howler ('er), n. one who howls; a 
 
 hug 
 
 South American monkey of the ge- 
 nus Mycetes. 
 
 howling ('ing), p. adj. filled with 
 howls or howling ; dreary ; dismal ; 
 extreme. 
 
 howsoever (-so-ev'er), adv. in what 
 manner soever ; although. 
 
 hoy (hoi), n. a heavy one-masted 
 coasting-vessel : inter j. ho ! 
 
 hoyden, same as hoiden. 
 
 hub (hub), n. the nave of a wheel; 
 the peg at which quoits are thrown ; 
 a kind of steel punch used in coin- 
 ing, &c. ; a hilt ; a jutting obstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 hubbub (hub'bub), n. uproar. 
 
 huccatoon (huk-ka-toon'), n. a kind 
 of cotton cloth. 
 
 huck (huk), n. a German trout. 
 
 huckaback ('a-bak), n. a rough 
 kind of linen or cotton cloth : used 
 for toweling. 
 
 huckle ('1), n. the hip; a haunch. 
 
 hucklebacked ('bakt), adj. round- 
 shouldered. 
 
 huckleberry (-ber-i), n. [pi. huckle- 
 berries (-iz)], the edible berry of 
 any spcies of Gaylussacia ; the whor- 
 tleberry. 
 
 huckster ('ster), n. one who retails 
 small articles ; a mean tricky fel- 
 low. 
 
 huckstress ('stres), n. a female 
 huckster. 
 
 huddle (hud'l), v.t. to crowd to- 
 gether in a disorderly manner; col- 
 lect closely ; place or perform in 
 haste or disorder : v.i. to come in a 
 crowd or haste (with on, up, over) : 
 n. confusion ; crowd. 
 
 hue (hu), n. color tint; a shouting; 
 clamor. 
 
 hue and cry (krl), n. in law, the 
 common process of pursuing a felon. 
 
 huff (huf), v.t. to puff or blow up; 
 treat with insolence ; bully ; remove 
 (a piece at checkers) when one's 
 opponent fails to take with it : n. fit 
 of petulance ; sudden offense taken. 
 
 hug (hug), n. a close embrace ; a par- 
 ticular grip in wrestling : v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. hugged, p.pr. hugging], to 
 embrace closely ; fondle ; hold fast ; 
 keep close to. 
 
 huge (huj), adj. vast; very large. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hug 
 
 hum 
 
 hugely ('li), adv. immensely; exceed- 
 ingly. 
 
 hugeness ('nes), n. vastness; enor- 
 mous bulk. 
 
 hugger-mugger (hug'er-mug'er), 
 adj. secret ; sloven : confused. 
 
 Huguenot (hu'ge-not or no), n. a 
 name formerly applied to French 
 Protestants of the 16th and 17th 
 centuries. 
 
 hulk (hulk), n. the body of a ship, 
 especially if old or dismantled : pi. 
 old dismasted ships formerly used 
 as convict prisons (with the). 
 
 hulking ('ing), n. unwieldy; bulky. 
 
 hull (hul), n. outer covering, especial- 
 ly of grain or nuts ; the body or frame 
 of a vessel : v.t. to peel off the hull or 
 husk of; strike or pierce (the hull 
 of a vessel ) with a shot or shell : v.i. 
 to drift to and fro upon the sea, like 
 a ship without sails. 
 
 hullabaloo (-a-ba-loo'), n. uproar; 
 noisy contention. 
 
 hum (hum), n. the noise of bees and 
 other insects in flight : v.i. [p.t. & 
 p.p. hummed, p.pr. humming], to 
 make such a noise : v.t. to sing in a 
 low undertone ; set or keep going in 
 an energetic manner : inter j. a 
 sound with a pause implying hesita- 
 tion or consideration. 
 
 human (hu'man), adj. pertaining to, 
 or characteristic of, man or man- 
 kind : having the qualities of a man ; 
 not divine. 
 
 humane (-man'), adj. having the 
 feelings proper to man ; benevolent ; 
 kind ; compassionate ; elevating. 
 
 humanely ('li), adv. in a humane 
 manner. 
 
 humaniculture ('ma-ni-kul'tur), n. 
 humanism. 
 
 humanism (-izm), w. culture derived 
 from classical training ; human na- 
 ture. 
 
 humanist (-ist), n. a student of the 
 humanities ; one versed in the knowl- 
 edge of human nature. 
 
 humanistic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of, the humani- 
 ties, or human nature. 
 
 humanitarian f-i-ta'ri-an) , n. a phi- 
 lanthropist ; an anti-Trinitarian ; 
 one who believes that the duty of 
 
 man consists of acting rightly to 
 others ; a perfectionist : adj. philan- 
 thropic. 
 
 humanity ('i-ti), n. [pi. humanities 
 (-tiz)], mankind; the state or qual- 
 ity of being human or humane ; phi- 
 lanthropy ; kindness ; benevolence : 
 pi. classical learning and literature. 
 
 humanize ('man-Iz), v.t. to render 
 human ; soften. 
 
 humankind (-kind), n. human spe- 
 cies. 
 
 humanly (-li), adv. after the man- 
 ner of men. 
 
 humble (hum'bl), adj. having a low 
 estimate of one's self ; modest ; 
 meek ; submissive ; lowly ; mean ; ob- 
 scure : v.t. to make submissive ; sub- 
 due ; bring low ; mortify ; humiliate. 
 
 humble-bee (-be), n. a bumble-bee. 
 
 humble-pie (-pi), n. a pie made of 
 the humbles, or entrails, of a deer. 
 
 humbles ('biz), n.pl. entrails, es- 
 pecially of a deer. 
 
 humboldtine ('bol-tin), n. a yellow- 
 ish crystalline mineral ; natural fer- 
 rous oxalate. 
 
 humbug ('bug), n. a fraud or impo- 
 sition under fair pretenses ; sham ; a 
 plausible deceiver ; a spirit of trick- 
 ery or deception : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 humbugged, p.pr. humbugging], to 
 cheat or impose upon ; hoax. 
 
 humbugger (-er), n. one who hum- 
 bugs. 
 
 humbuggery (-i), n. [pi. humbug- 
 geries (-iz)], imposition. 
 
 humdrum ( 'drum ) , adj. dull ; mo- 
 notonous ; commonplace. 
 
 humeral (hu'mer-al), adj. pertaining 
 to the shoulder. 
 
 humero, a prefix meaning shoulder. 
 
 humerus ('mer-us), n. [pi. humeri 
 
 (-rl)L the arm from the shoulder to 
 the fore-arm ; the cylindrical bone of 
 that part. 
 
 humhum (hum'hum), n. a coarse In- 
 dian cotton cloth. 
 
 humid (hu'mid), adj. damp; moist. 
 
 humidity ('i-ti), n. dampness; mois- 
 ture. 
 
 humiliate (-mil'i-at), v.t. to hum- 
 ble ; abase. 
 
 humiliation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
 humiliating; the state of being hu- 
 miliated ; mortification ; abasement. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hum 
 
 humility (-mil'i-ti), n. [pi. humili- 
 ties (-tiz)], the state or quality of 
 being humble ; modesty ; self-abase- 
 ment. 
 
 humite (hu'mit), n. a variety of 
 chrondrodite. 
 
 humming-bird ('ing-berd), n. a 
 very small bird of the family Tro- 
 chilidae, with brilliant metallic plu- 
 mage. 
 
 hummock ('ok), n. a large mass of 
 floating ice ; a hillock or mound. 
 
 humor (hu' or ti'mer), to. wit; merri- 
 ment ; the tendency to look at things 
 from the mirthful or incongruous 
 side ; caprice ; proud conceit ; tem- 
 per ; petulance ; peevishness ; mois- 
 ture of the body and eye ; disease : 
 v.t. to indulge ; yield to a particular 
 desire of. 
 
 humorist (-ist), to. one who gratifies 
 his own humor ; a droll person ; one 
 whose writing or conversation is 
 characterized by humor. 
 
 humorous (-us), adj. full of, or char- 
 acterized by, humor ; comical ; di- 
 verting. 
 
 humors ome (-sum), adj. character- 
 ized by humor ; laughable ; capri- 
 cious. 
 
 hump (hump), n. a protuberance on 
 the back : v.t. to vex or annoy ; ex- 
 ert (one's self). 
 
 humpty-dumpty ( 'ti-dump'ti ) , adj. 
 characterized by short limbs and a 
 round body. 
 
 humulin (hu'mu-lin), n. the bitter 
 narcotic principle in hops. 
 
 humulus (-lus), n. a genus of twin- 
 ing plants, containing the hops. 
 
 humus ('mus), n. vegetable mold. 
 
 Hun (hun), n. one of an ancient Tar- 
 tar race, which in the 5th century, 
 A. D., overran and devasted Europe. 
 
 hunch (huch), n. a hump; lump; a 
 thrust with the fist, or elbow : v.t. to 
 push with the fist or elbow ; push 
 with a sudden jerk. 
 
 hundred (hun'dred), adj. 10 times 
 10 : n. the number of 10 times 10 ; 
 the symbol (C. or 100) denoting it; 
 a division of an English county. 
 
 hundredth ('dredth), adj. the ordi- 
 nal of 100: to. one of 100 equal 
 parts. 
 
 hu* 
 
 hundredweight ('dred-wat), n. the 
 l-20th part' of a ton. 
 
 hung, p.t. of hang. 
 
 Hungarian (hung-ga'ri-an) , adj. per- 
 taining to Hungary, its inhabitants, 
 or language. 
 
 hunger (hung'ger), n. keenness of 
 appetite ; pain or uneasiness caused 
 by want of food ; strong desire : v.t. 
 to feel the pain of hunger ; to have 
 a longing or earnest desire. 
 
 hungrily ('gri-li), adj. in a hungry 
 manner. 
 
 hungry ('gri), adj. [comp. hungrier, 
 superl. hungriest], having a keen 
 appetite ; feeling pain or uneasiness 
 for want of food ; emaciated ; eager- 
 ly desirous ; unfertile : said of land. 
 
 hunk (hungk), n. a lump or large 
 piece. 
 
 hunky ('i), adj. well done; in good 
 trim. 
 
 hunt (hunt), v.t. to pursue, or chase, 
 as game or wild animals ; follow 
 closely ; search after : v.i. to follow 
 the chase : n. pursuit of game or 
 wild animals ; pack of hounds ; an 
 association of huntsmen ; district 
 hunted over by hounds ; a search. 
 
 hunter ( 'er ) , n. a huntsman ; a horse 
 or hound trained for hunting ; a 
 hunting-watch. % 
 
 hunting (hunt'ing), n. the act or 
 practice of one who hunts ; pursuit ; 
 search. 
 
 hunting-box (-boks), to. a tempo- 
 rary residence while hunting. 
 
 hunting- watch (woch), to. a watcb 
 having its face protected with a 
 metal cover. 
 
 huntress ('res), n. a female hunter. 
 
 huntsman ('z-man), n. [pi. hunts- 
 men ( 'men ) ] , a hunter ; one who 
 has the management of a pack of 
 hounds. 
 
 hurdle (her'dl), n. a movable fence 
 of osiers or branches ; a fence to be 
 leaped over in steeplechasing ; a 
 rude frame on which criminals were 
 formerly dragged to execution : v.t. 
 to cover or inclose with hurdles. 
 
 hurdy-gurdy ('di-ger'di), n. a 
 stringed instrument somewhat re- 
 sembling a violin, played by a wheel ; 
 a barrel organ; a miner's camp. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hur 
 
 hurl (herl), v.i. to throw with vio- 
 lence ; drive forcibly ; utter with ve- 
 hemence : n. the act of throwing. 
 
 hurly-burly (her'li-ber'li), n. tu- 
 mult ; great commotion. 
 
 hurrah, (hoo-ra'), inter j. a shout of 
 joy, triumph, applause, &c. : v.i. to 
 utter such a shout in applause, &c. 
 Also hurra. 
 
 hurricane (hur'i-kan), n. a gale of 
 extreme violence characterized by 
 fitful changes of the wind. 
 
 hurricane-deck (-dek), n. the 
 bridge-deck of a steamship ; the up- 
 per deck of a river steamer. 
 
 hurried ('id), p. adj. exhibiting, or 
 characterized by, haste ; hasty. 
 
 hurry ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hurried, 
 p.pr. hurrying], to impel to greater 
 speed ; hasten on ; accelerate : v.i. to 
 act or move with haste : n. haste ; 
 urgency ; precipitation ; confusion ; a 
 coaling stage for loading vessels. 
 
 hurry-scurry (-skur'i), n. confused 
 bustle. 
 
 hurt (hert), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hurt, 
 p.pr. hurting], to cause or inflict 
 pain in ; wound ; grieve ; injure ; im- 
 pair or damage : n. a wound ; in- 
 jury ; damage or loss. 
 
 hurtful ('fool), ad;', injurious; harm- 
 ful. 
 
 hurtfully (-li), adv. so as to hurt. 
 
 hurtle (hert'l), v.t. to move violent- 
 ly ; impel forcibly : v.i. to clash ; 
 dash in collision. 
 
 hurtleberry, same as whortleberry. 
 
 husband (huz'band), n. a married 
 man : v.t. to manage or use with 
 economy. 
 
 husbandman (-man), n. [pi. hus- 
 bandmen (-men)], a tiller of the 
 soil ; farmer. 
 
 husbandry (-ri), n. agriculture; fru- 
 gality. 
 
 hush ( hush ) , inter j. be still ! silence ! 
 adj. quiet ; silent : n. quietness ; si- 
 lence : v.t. to make silent ; soothe. 
 
 husk (husk), n. the dry outer cover- 
 ing of certain fruits or seeds : v.t. 
 to remove husks from. 
 
 huskily ('ki-li), adj. hoarsely. 
 
 huskiness ('ki-nes), n. the state of 
 being husky. 
 
 husking-bee ('ing-be), n. a social 
 
 hyb 
 
 gathering to assist in husking corn. 
 
 husky ('ki), adj. [comp. huskier, 
 superl. huskiest], consisting of, or 
 like, husks; worthless; rough or 
 hoarse : said of the voice : n. an 
 American Indian sledge-dog. 
 
 hussar (huz-ar'), n. a light-armed 
 cavalry soldier. 
 
 hussy (huz'i), n. [pi. hussies ('iz)], 
 a fast girl ; worthless woman. 
 
 hustings (hust'ings), n.pl. a court 
 held in the Guildhall before the Lord 
 Mayor, Recorder and sheriffs of 
 London ; formerly the stand from 
 which Parliamentary candidates, 
 when nominated, addressed the elec- 
 tors. 
 
 hustle (hus'l), v.t. to push roughly; 
 jostle ; mob ; shake together in con- 
 fusion : v.i. exhibit energy and alac- 
 rity. 
 
 hut (hut), n. a small house or cabin; 
 a temporary erection for lodging 
 troops. 
 
 hutch (huch), n. a bin, box, or chest ; 
 a coop or pen ; a mining trough for 
 washing ore : v.t. to store ; to wash 
 (ore) in a hutch. 
 
 huzzah, same as hurrah. 
 
 hyacinth ( hi'a-sinth ) , n. a handsome 
 bulbous flowering plant of the genus 
 Hyacinthus ; a variety of zircon, 
 used as a jewel. 
 
 hyacinthine ('in), aa*;. pertaining to 
 the hyacinth ; like Hyacinthus, the 
 handsome youth killed by Apollo and 
 transformed into the hyacinth : 
 hence handsome ; beautiful. 
 
 Hyades ('a-dez), n.pl. the five stars 
 in the face of the constellation Tau- 
 rus, supposed by the ancients to 
 bring rain when they rose with the 
 sun. Also Hyads. 
 
 hyaena (hi-e'na), n. same as hyena. 
 
 hyal, a prefix meaning glass, as hyal- 
 ine, like glass: also hyalo : hyalo- 
 graphy, the art of writing or en- 
 graving upon glass. 
 
 hyaline (hl'a-lin), adj. glassy; trans- 
 parent. 
 
 hybrid (hi'brid), n. a mongrel; an 
 animal or plant produced by inter- 
 breeding different species or varie- 
 ties ; a compound word the elements 
 of which are derived from different 
 languages. 
 
 &te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hyb ■ 
 
 hybridize (-Iz), v.t. to cause to in- 
 terbreed and thus produce hybrids. 
 bydatoid ('da-toid), adj. watery: n. 
 the membrane around the aqueous 
 humor of the eye; the aqueous hu- 
 mor itself. 
 bydr, a prefix meaning water, also 
 the presence of hydrogen. Also 
 hydro, as hydra.cid, an acid contain- 
 ing hydrogen but no oxygen ; hydro- 
 pathy, the cure of disease by water 
 treatment, externally or internally. 
 
 Hydra (hl'dra), n. in classical my- 
 thology, the water serpent with nine 
 heads slain by Hercules ; each of 
 these on being cut off became two : 
 hence any evil which, when grappled 
 with, appears to intensify; a genus 
 of fresh-water polyps which multi- 
 ply on division. 
 
 bydracid, see under hydr. 
 
 Hydrangea (-dran'je-a), n. a genus 
 of shrubs of the saxifrage family 
 with showy flowers. 
 
 bydr ant (Mrant), n. a plug with a 
 valve connected with a water main 
 for extinguishing fires. 
 
 by drat e ('drat), n. a chemical com- 
 pound containing a definite quantity 
 of water : v.t. to combine with water 
 to form a hydrate. 
 
 hydraulic (-draw'lik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to fluids in motion : n.pl. the 
 science of liquids in motion and the 
 application of the forces which in- 
 fluence the motions of water for 
 practical purposes, as raising water, 
 &c. 
 
 bydric ('drik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 containing, hydrogen in combina- 
 tion ; pertaining to water. 
 
 hydride ('drid), n. a chemical com- 
 bination of hydrogen with another 
 element. 
 
 hydriodic (-dri-od'ik), adj. composed 
 of hydrogen and iodine. 
 
 hydro, see hydr. 
 
 hydrocarbons (-kar'bonz), n.pl. a 
 general name for bitumens, mineral 
 resins, and fats which are composed 
 of hydrogen and carbon. 
 
 hydrocele ( 'dro-sel ) , n. dropsy of the 
 scrotum. 
 
 hydrocephalus (-sef'a-lus), n. dropsy 
 . of the brain. 
 
 hyd 
 
 hydrochlorate (-klo'rat), n. a salt 
 of hydrochloric acid. 
 
 hydrochloric ('rik), adj. composed 
 of hydrogen and chlorine. 
 
 hydrocyanic (-si-an'ik), adj. com- 
 posed of hydrogen and cyanogen. 
 
 hydrocyanic acid (as'id), n. prus- 
 sic acid. 
 
 hydro dynamic (-di-nam'ik), adj. 
 pertaining to, or derived from, the 
 pressure of water : n.pl. the science 
 that treats of water pressure. 
 
 hydrofluoric (-flu-or'ik), adj. com- 
 posed of hydrogen and fluorine. 
 
 hydrofluoric acid (as'id), n. a vola- 
 tile fuming acid used in etching 
 glass. 
 
 hydrogen ('dro-jen), n. a colorless, 
 gaseous, inflammable substance, 
 which liquefies under great pressure, 
 and is the lightest element yet 
 known : when combined with oxygen 
 it produces water. Hydrogen is the 
 standard unit for the estimation of 
 atomic weights and volumes. 
 
 hydrography (-drog'ra-fi), n. the art 
 of measuring and mapping the water 
 surface of the earth, as oceans, lakes, 
 coast-lines, &c, with relative data as 
 to their depth, tides, beds, &c. 
 
 hydrokinetics (-dro-kl-net'iks), n.pl. 
 that branch of physics which treats 
 of fluids in motion. 
 
 hydrology (-drol'o-ji), n. the science 
 of water, its property, laws, phe- 
 nomena, &c. 
 
 hydrometer (-drom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for determining the specific 
 gravity, strength, &c, of fluids. 
 
 hydropathic (-dro-path'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to hydropathy : n. an estab- 
 lishment where patients reside while 
 under hydropathic treatment. 
 
 hydropathy, see under hydr. 
 
 hydrophane ('dro-fan) , n. an opaque 
 variety of opal which when wet be- 
 comes translucent. 
 
 hydrophobia (-fo'bi-a), n. a disease 
 caused by the virus from the saliva 
 of a mad dog accompanied by con- 
 vulsions and unnatural dread of 
 water. 
 
 hydrophyte ('dro-fit), n. a. water- 
 plant. 
 
 hydrostat (Mro-stat), n. an appara- 
 tus for the prevention of boiler ex- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
hyd 
 
 plosions ; an electrical contrivance 
 for indicating the leakage or over- 
 flow of water. 
 
 hydrostatic (-stat'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to hydrostatics : n.pl. that branch 
 of physics that treats of the pres- 
 sure and equilibrium of fluids. 
 
 hydrotherapy (-ther'a-pi), n. treat- 
 ment of disease by water ; water- 
 cure. 
 
 hydrothermal (-ther'mal), adj. per- 
 taining to the action of hot water. 
 
 hyena (-hi-e'na), n. a bristly-maned 
 wolf-like carnivorous quadruped. 
 
 hyetal ('et-al), adj. pertaining to 
 rain, or rainfall. 
 
 hyetograph (-o-graf), n. a chart 
 showing the rainfall over various 
 areas. 
 
 hyetology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 
 of meteorology treating of rainfall, 
 its distribution, representation on 
 charts, &c. 
 
 Hygeian (-je'an), adj. pertaining to 
 Hygeia, the goddess of health. 
 
 hygeian, adj. pertaining to health, or 
 hygiene. 
 
 hygiene ('jen), n. the science of 
 health, its preservation, and the laws 
 of sanitation. 
 
 hygienic (-ji-en'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to hygiene. 
 
 hygiology (-ji-ol'o-ji), n. the science 
 of hygiene ; a treatise on hygiene. 
 
 hygro, a prefix meaning moist, wet, 
 as hygrometer, an instrument for 
 measuring the amount of moisture 
 contained in the atmosphere. 
 
 hygrometer (hi-grom'e-ter), see un- 
 der hygro. 
 
 hygrometry (-grom'e-tri), n. that 
 branch of physics that treats of the 
 moisture of the atmosphere. 
 
 hygroscope ('gro-skop), n. an appa- 
 ratus for indicating atmospheric 
 moisture. 
 
 hymen ('men), n. marriage, from Hy- 
 men, the Grecian god of marriage ; 
 the virginal membrane. 
 
 hymeneal (-e'al), p. adj. pertaining 
 to marriage ; nuptial. 
 
 hymn (him), n. a sacred ode expres- 
 sive of praise or adoration : v.t. to 
 sing hymns to ; adore or praise by 
 hymns. 
 
 *yp 
 
 hymnal ('nal), n. a collection of 
 hymns for public worship. 
 
 hymnology (-nol'o-ji), n. the study 
 of hymns, their origin, use, lore, &c. 
 
 hyoid (hi'oid), adj. shaped like the 
 Greek letter T, v : n. a U-shaped 
 bone supporting the tongue. 
 
 hyp, see hypo. 
 
 hyper, a prefix meaning over, beyond, 
 excess, and in chemistry highest. 
 
 hyperbola (-per'bo-la), n. a curve 
 formed by the section of a cone when 
 the cutting plane makes a greater 
 angle with the base than the side of 
 the cone makes. 
 
 hyperbole ('bo-le), n. a figure of 
 speech which expresses more or less 
 than the truth. 
 
 hyperbolic (-bol'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to or containing, hyperbole ; exag- 
 gerated ; pertaining to, or of the 
 nature of, a hyperbola. 
 
 hyperborean (-bo're-an) , adj. arctic. 
 
 hyperdulia (-doo'li-a), n. veneration 
 of the Virgin Mary. 
 
 hyphen (hi'fen), n. a mark (-) join- 
 ing two words or syllables : v.t. to 
 join by such a mark. 
 
 hypno, a prefix meaning sleep, as 
 hypnosis, a hypnotic state or trance. 
 
 hypnosis (hip-no'sis), see hypno. 
 
 hypnotic (hip-not'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or producing hypnotism. 
 
 hypnotize ('no-tiz), v.t. to produce, 
 or subject to, hypnotism. 
 
 hypnotism ('no-tizm), n. a method 
 of inducing a trance-like sleep : a 
 method of medical treatment by hyp- 
 notism. 
 
 hypo, hyp, a prefix meaning under; 
 beneath. 
 
 hypoblast (hi'po-blast), n. the under 
 layer of the blastoderm. 
 
 hypochondria (hip-o-kon'dri-a), n. a 
 disease attended with extreme mel- 
 ancholy, and anxiety respecting one's 
 state of health. Also hypochondri- 
 asis. 
 
 hypochondriac ('dri-ak), n. one 
 who is affected with hypochondria : 
 adj. pertaining to, or affected with, 
 hypochondria. 
 
 hypocrisy (-ok'ri-si), n. a feigning to 
 be what one is not ; dissimulation ; 
 false profession. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
hyp 
 
 hypocrite ('6-krit), n. one who prac- 
 tices hypocrisy ; a_ dissimulator. 
 
 hypodermic (hi-po-der'mik), adj. in- 
 serted under the skin : n. a medicine 
 thus injected. 
 
 hypogastric (hi-po-gas'trik), adj. 
 pertaining to the hypogastrium. 
 
 hypogastrium ('tri-um), n. [pi. 
 hypogastria (-a)], the middle part 
 of the lower region of the abdomen. 
 
 hypopyon ( hip-o'pi-on ) , n. extrava- 
 sation of blood around the eye ; a 
 black eye. 
 
 hyporcheme (hip'or-kim), n. a 
 Greek choral ode sung to the hypor- 
 chesis dance. 
 
 hyporchesis (hip'or-ke'sis), a Greek 
 choral dance. 
 
 hypostasis (hl-pos'ta-sis), n. a 
 basis ; groundwork ; postulate or 
 fundamental principle. 
 
 hypostoma (hip-os'to-ma) , n. an or- 
 gan or part below the mouth. 
 
 hypostrophe (hip-os'tro-fe), n. a 
 turning about ; a return. 
 
 hypostyle ('6-stil), n. a roof sup- 
 ported by columns ; a covered colon- 
 nade ; pillared hall or court. 
 
 hypotenuse (-pofe-nus), n. the side 
 of a right-angled triangle opposite 
 the right angle. Also hypothenuse. 
 
 hypothesis (-poth'e-sis), n. [pi. hy- 
 potheses (-sez) ], something assumed 
 for the purpose of argument ; a the- 
 ory to explain some fact which may 
 or may not prove to be true ; suppo- 
 sition ; conjecture. 
 
 hypothetic (-po-thet'ik), adj. based 
 on hypothesis ; conjectural. Also 
 hypothetical. 
 
 hys 
 
 hypothetically (-al-li), adv. by hy- 
 pothesis. 
 
 hypsi, a prefix meaning high, excep- 
 tionally high, as /it/pstbrachycephal- 
 ic : adj. having a high broad skull, 
 as certain races. Also hypso. 
 
 hyp some ter (hip-som'e-ter), «• an 
 instrument for measuring altitudes 
 by atmospheric pressure. 
 
 hypsometry ('e-tri), n. the art of de- 
 termining altitudes by atmospheric 
 pressure. 
 
 hypsosis (hip-so'sis), n. the elevation 
 of the Host ; also of the cross. 
 
 hypural (hip-u'ral), a. below the 
 tail. 
 
 hyrax (M'raks), n. a small hare-like 
 mammal, the coney of the Bible. 
 
 hyson (hl'son), n. a Chinese green 
 tea. 
 
 hyssop (his'up), n. an aromatic plant 
 with blue flowers ; an unidentified 
 plant mentioned in the Bible. 
 
 hysteria (his-te'ri-a), n. a nervous 
 affection of women characterized by 
 choking sensations, paroxysms of 
 laughter or weeping, and frequently 
 simulating other diseases. 
 
 hysterical (-ter'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or affected by, hysterics ; vio- 
 lently emotional. 
 
 hysterically (-H), adv. in a hysteric- 
 al manner. 
 
 hysterics (his-ter'iks) , n.pl. hysteria. 
 
 hysteroid ('oid), adj. resembling 
 hysteria. 
 
 hysterotomy (-ot'o-mi), n. the oper- 
 ation of cutting out, or into, the 
 womb. 
 
 ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; htie, hut ; think, then. 
 
I (I), pron. [pi. we (we)], nom. case, 
 sing, of the pronoun of the 1st per- 
 son ; the word by which the speaker 
 or writer denotes himself: n. in 
 metaphysics, the object of conscious- 
 ness ; the ego. 
 
 iambic (I-am'bik), adj. consisting of, 
 or employing, iambics : n. an iam- 
 bus, a satirical poem in iambic verse. 
 
 iambus ('bus), n. a metrical foot 
 consisting of two syllables, of which 
 the first is short and the second is 
 long (<u • ), or, in accentual versi- 
 fication, a foot of two syllables, in 
 which the stress accent falls on the 
 second syllable. 
 
 ibex ('beks), n. a genus of wild goats, 
 having very large recurved horns, 
 the best known species of which is 
 the Alpine steinbok or bouquetin. 
 
 ibis ('bis), n. a genus of large wad- 
 ing birds, having a long, curved 
 beak, of which the most notable spe- 
 cies is the sacred Ibis of the ancient 
 Egyptians. 
 
 ice (is), n. frozen water or other 
 fluid ; a frozen confection, as ice- 
 cream : v.t. to convert into ice ; 
 freeze ; preserve in ice, cover with 
 concreted sugar ; frost. 
 
 ice age ( aj ) , n. the glacial epoch. 
 
 iceberg ('berg), n. a large mass of 
 ice detached from a glacier, and 
 floating in the sea. 
 
 ice boat (bot), n. a strong steam 
 boat used to break a channel through 
 ice ; a boat mounted on runners and 
 propelled by sails on ice. 
 
 ice-field ('feld), n. an extensive sheet 
 of floating ice. 
 
 ice-floe ('flo), n. a smaller sheet of 
 floating ice. 
 
 ice-pack ('pak), n. a field of broken 
 and drifting ice, consisting of great 
 masses packed together. 
 
 ichneumon (ik-nu'mun), n. an ani- 
 mal of the weasel kind, found in 
 Egypt, where it was anciently wor- 
 shipped ; it tracks out and devours 
 the eggs of the crocodile. 
 
 ichneumon-fly (-fli), n. an insect 
 which lays its eggs in the bodies of 
 other insects. 
 
 'chnolite ('no-lit), n. a stone im- 
 pressed with a fossil footprint. 
 
 ichnology (-nol'o-ji), n. that branch 
 of science which treats of fossil foot- 
 prints. 
 
 ichor (I'kor), n. in classical mythol- 
 ogy, the ethereal fluid which ran, in- 
 stead of blood, in the veins of the 
 gods; a thin, watery, acrid serum 
 from an ulcer or wound. 
 
 ichthyic (ik'thi-ik), adj. fish-like. 
 
 ichthyo, a prefix meaning a fish, as 
 ichthyolite, a fossil fish ; the impres- 
 sion of a fossil fish. Also ichthy. 
 
 ichthyography (ik-thi-og'ra-fi), n. a 
 treatise on fishes. 
 
 ichthyolite, see under ichthyo. 
 
 ichthyology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 
 of zoology which treats of fishes, 
 their structure, classification, &c. 
 
 Ichthyosaurus (-saw'rus), n. a 
 geniis of huge fossil fish-lizards. 
 
 ichthyosis (-o'sis), n. a disease in 
 which the skin presents the form of 
 hard dry scales and plates. 
 
 icicle (i'si-kl), n. a pendent cone of 
 ice formed by the freezing of drip- 
 ping water. 
 
 icily ('si-li), adv. in an icy manner; 
 coldly. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ici 
 
 iciness ('si-nes), n. the state of being 
 icy ; coldness. 
 
 icing ('sing), n. a coating of concrete 
 sugar. 
 
 icon (I'kon), n. [pi. icons ('konz), 
 icones ('kon-ez)J, in the Greek 
 Church, a sacred image or picture. 
 Also eikon, ikon. 
 
 icono, a prefix meaning image, as 
 iconoclasm, image breaking. 
 
 iconoclast (I-kon'o-klast), n. an im- 
 age breaker ; one who attacks super- 
 stitions or shams. 
 
 icos, a prefix meaning twenty, as icos- 
 ahedral, having twenty plane faces. 
 
 icosahedron (-kos-a-he'dron), n. a 
 solid bounded by twenty plane faces. 
 
 ictus (ik'tus), n. a blow or stroke ; in 
 prosody and music, rhythmical or 
 metrical accent or stress. 
 
 icy (I'si), adj. [comp. icier, superl. 
 iciest], pertaining to, or resembling, 
 or abounding in, ice ; cold ; chilling ; 
 indifferent. 
 
 idea (-de'a), n. a mental image or 
 picture ; a conception of what ought 
 to be; an abstract principle; opin- 
 ion; belief; plan. 
 
 ideal (-de'al), adj. existing in imagi- 
 nation only ; visionary ; conforming 
 to a standard of perfection ; per- 
 fect : n. a mental conception, or an 
 individual regarded as the standard 
 of perfection. 
 
 idealize (-iz), v.t. to make ideal; 
 embody in an ideal form; represent 
 (natural objects) so as to show 
 their most important characteristics 
 only : v.i. to form ideals. 
 
 idealism (-izm), n. in art, the effort 
 to realize, by elimination and com- 
 bination, the highest type of any 
 natural object ; the doctrine that all 
 our knowledge of objects is a knowl- 
 edge of ideas. 
 
 idealist (-ist), n. one who pursues 
 the ideal ; one who holds the doc- 
 trine of idealism ; a visionary. 
 
 idealistic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining 
 to an ideal ; relating to idealism or 
 idealists. 
 
 ideality ('i-ti), n. the quality of be- 
 ing ideal ; the faculty to form ideals. 
 
 ideally (-li), adv. according to an 
 ideal ; mentally. 
 
 idi 
 
 identical (I-den'tik-al), adj. express- 
 ing sameness ; differing in no essen- 
 tial point. 
 
 identically (-li), adv. in an identi- 
 cal manner. 
 
 identical note (not), n. a note in 
 terms agreed upon by two or more 
 powers, intended to influence anoth- 
 er power. 
 
 identifiable (-ti-fi'a-bl), adj. that 
 may be identified. 
 
 identify (-den'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 identified, p.pr. identifying}, to 
 make, prove to be, or consider as, 
 the same. 
 
 identity ( f ti-ti), n. essential or prac- 
 tical sameness. 
 
 ideograph (id'e-o-graf), n. a sym- 
 bol, figure, or hieroglyph, not nam- 
 ing but suggesting the idea of an 
 object. Also ideogram. 
 
 ideographic ( f ik), adj. representing 
 ideas by symbols independently of 
 sounds. Also ideographical. 
 
 ideography (e-og'ra-fi), n. the direct 
 representation of ideas by symbols. 
 
 ideologist (i-de-ol'o-jist), n. one oc- 
 cupied with ideas or ideals ; a theo- 
 rist. 
 
 ideology ('o-ji), n. the science of 
 ideas ; the system of philosophy 
 which derives ideas exclusively from 
 sensation. 
 
 ideomotion (-o-mo'shun) , n. uncon- 
 scious muscular motion arising from 
 a dominant idea. 
 
 ides (Idz), n.pl. in the ancient Roman 
 calendar, the eighth day after the 
 nones — the 15th of March, May, 
 July, October, and the 13th of the 
 other months. 
 
 idio, a prefix meaning one's own, pe- 
 culiar, as Olograph, a private or 
 trade mark. 
 
 idiocy (id'i-o-si), n. the state of be- 
 ing an idiot ; mental imbecility. Also 
 idiotcy. 
 
 idiograph, see under idio. 
 
 idiom ('i-um) , n. a turn of expression 
 peculiar to a language; the distinc- 
 tive characteristics of a language. 
 
 idiomatic (-o-mat'ik), adj. peculiar 
 to a language ; given to, or marked 
 by, the use of idioms. Also idio- 
 matical. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, 
 
 at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
idi 
 
 idiomatically (-al-li), adv. accord- 
 ing to the idiom. 
 
 idiopathic (-o-path'ik), adj. charac- 
 terizing a disease not produced by 
 another. 
 
 idiopathy (-op'a-thi), n. an individ- 
 ual or personal affection ; a primary 
 disease not arising from another. 
 
 idiosyncrasy (-i-o-sin'kra-si), n. [pi. 
 idiosyncrasies (-siz)], peculiarity of 
 constitution or temperament; a 
 characteristic peculiar to an indi- 
 vidual. 
 
 idiot ('i-ot), n. one of weak intellect; 
 a foolish person. 
 
 idiotic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 like, an idiot ; foolish, fatuous. Also 
 idioticah 
 
 idiotically (-al-li), adv. in an idiotic 
 manner. 
 
 idle (I'dl), adj. empty; unoccupied; 
 unemployed ; unused ; useless ; vain ; 
 of no importance ; irrelevant ; averse 
 to labor ; futile ; lazy : v.i. to be in- 
 active or without employment : v.t. 
 to spend in idleness; waste (time) : 
 usually with away. 
 
 idler (I'dler), n. one who idles; a lazy 
 person; one who has constant day 
 duty on board ship, and does not 
 keep night watch. 
 
 idle -wheel ('hwel), n. a wheel 
 placed between two others to trans- 
 fer motion without change of direc- 
 tion. 
 
 idol (I-dol), n. an image of a divinity, 
 employed as an object of worship ; a 
 person or thing loved to excess. 
 
 idolater ('a-ter), n. an idol-wor- 
 shipper ; one who pays divine honors 
 to images, &c. ; one who loves a per- 
 son or thing to excess. 
 
 idolatress ('a-tres), n. a female 
 idolater. 
 
 idolatrous ('a-trus), adj. pertaining 
 to, or practicing, idolatry; marked 
 by undue reverence or affection. 
 
 idolatry ('a-tri), n. [pi. idolatries 
 (-triz)], the paying of Divine hon- 
 ors to idols, images, or any created 
 object ; the ascription of Divine pow- 
 er to natural agencies ; excessive ad- 
 miration, veneration, or love for any 
 person or thing. 
 
 idolize (-Iz), v.t. to make an idol of; 
 love or admire to excess. 
 
 ign 
 
 idyl (l'dil),n. a short, highly-wrought 
 pastoral poem; applied also to de- 
 scriptive and narrative poems of 
 greater length ; a description of sim- 
 ple, rural, pastoral scenes. Also idyll. 
 
 idylist (I'dil-ist), n. a pastoral poet, 
 or painter. 
 
 idyllic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or of 
 the nature of an idyl ; pastoral. 
 
 if (if), conj. on the condition; sup- 
 posing that; whether; although. 
 
 igneous ('ne-us), adj. pertaining to, 
 consisting of, or resembling fire, or 
 produced by fire. 
 
 ignis fatuus ('nis fat'u-us), n. a me- 
 teoric light seen to flit above the 
 ground in marshy places, &c. ; a mis- 
 leading influence. Popularly known 
 as Will-o'-the-wisp, Jack-o' -Lantern, 
 Corpse-candle. 
 
 ignite ('nit), v.t. to set on fire; to 
 make incandescent with heat ; sub- 
 ject to the action of intense heat : 
 v.i. to take fire ; glow with heat. 
 
 igniter ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, ignites ; a time exploder for 
 igniting the powder of a torpedo. 
 
 ignitible ( ig-ni'ti-bl ) , adj. capable of 
 being ignited; easily kindled. 
 
 ignition (-nish'un), n. the act of ig- 
 niting ; the state of being ignited. 
 
 ignoble (-no'bl), adj. of low birth or 
 station ; of mean character or qual- 
 ity ; of little value ; characterizing a 
 short-winged hawk, as distinguished 
 from a long-winged falcon. 
 
 ignobleness ('bl-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being ignoble; absence of 
 dignity. 
 
 ignobly ('bli), adv. in an ignoble 
 manner ; basely. 
 
 ignominious (-no-min'i-us), adji 
 marked with ignominy or public dis- 
 grace ; shameful ; deserving disgrace ; 
 despicable. 
 
 ignominy (ig'no-min-i), n. [pi. igno- 
 minies (-iz)], loss of one's good 
 name ; public disgrace or dishonor ; 
 cause or source of disgrace. 
 
 ignoramus (-ra'mus), n. an ignorant 
 person, especially an ignorant pre- 
 tender to knowledge. 
 
 ignorance (-rans), n. the state of be- 
 ing ignorant ; want of knowledge. 
 
 ignorant (-rant), adj. destitute of 
 knowledge ; uninstructed ; illiterate. 
 
 &te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ign 
 
 ignore (-nor'), v.t. to be ignorant 
 of ; treat as unknown ; disregard ; 
 throw out as false or unsupported 
 by sufficient evidence : said of a 
 grand jury rejecting a bill. 
 
 iguana (i-gwa'na), n. a large trop- 
 ical American lizard, having a dew- 
 lap under the throat. 
 
 il, a prefix, another form of in when 
 followed by I, meaning not, as ^lit- 
 erate, uneducated. 
 
 ileum (il'e-um), n. the lower part of 
 the small intestine. 
 
 Ilex (I'leks), n. a genus of evergreen 
 trees and shrubs represented by the 
 holly. 
 
 iliac (il'i-ak), adj. pertaining to the 
 ileum, or to the ilium, or flank bone. 
 
 ilium (il'i-um), n. the dorsal or up- 
 per part of the hip-bone. 
 
 ill (il), adj. [comp. worse, superl. 
 worst], bad or evil; contrary to 
 good ; causing or attended by evil or 
 suffering in a bad or disordered state 
 physically or morally ; sick ; dis- 
 eased ; unfriendly ; not proper ; un- 
 skilful ; vicious : n. evil ; wickedness ; 
 misfortune ; disease ; anything dis- 
 creditable ; harm ; mischief : adv. not 
 well ; not easily. 
 
 illapse (-laps'), n. a gliding in or 
 into, especially a divine influx ; in- 
 spiration. 
 
 illation (-la'shun), n. an inference, 
 deduction, or conclusion. 
 
 illicit (-lis'it), adj. not authorized or 
 allowed ; unlicensed ; unlawful. 
 
 Illicium ( 'i-um ) , n. a genus of shrubs 
 of the magnolia family, containing 
 the Japanese incense plant. 
 
 illimitable (-lim'it-a-bl), adj. im- 
 measurable ; vast ; infinite. 
 
 illimitableness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being illimitable. 
 
 inimitably (-bli), adv. without pos- 
 sibility of being bounded. 
 
 illision (-lizh'un), n. the act of strik- 
 ing into or against. 
 
 illiteracy (-lit'er-a-si), n. ignorance 
 of letters. 
 
 illness ('nes), n. the condition of be- 
 ing ill ; disease ; sickness. 
 
 illude (-lud'), v.t. to mock; deceive; 
 delude. 
 
 illuminant (-lum'i-nant), adj. per- 
 
 ill 
 
 taining to illumination : n. anything 
 which illuminates or affords light. 
 
 illuminate ('i-nat), v.t. to give light 
 to ; decorate with lights, in token of 
 rejoicing ; enlighten ; throw light 
 upon ; make plain ; elucidate ; adorn, 
 as a manuscript, with miniature pic- 
 tures in colors and gold : v.i. to dis- 
 play lights in token of rejoicing. 
 
 illumination (-na'shun), n. supply 
 of light ; the act of illuminating, or 
 state of being illuminated, especially 
 the festive decoration of houses or 
 cities with lights : the art of illumin- 
 ing books or manuscripts ; a design 
 in an illuminated work; intellectual 
 light ; inspiration. 
 
 illuminator ('mi-na-ter), n. one 
 who, or that which, gives light ; one 
 who illuminates books, manuscripts, 
 &c. ; a condenser or reflector ; an il- 
 luminant. 
 
 illumine ('min), v.t. to illuminate 
 [Poet.]. 
 
 illusion ('zhun), w. deceptive ap- 
 pearance ; false show ; hallucination. 
 
 illusionist (-ist), n. one subject to 
 i illusion ; a sleight-of-hand performer. 
 
 illusive ('siv), adj. deceiving by il- 
 lusion ; deceptive ; illusory. 
 
 illusively (-li), adv. in an illusive 
 manner. 
 
 illusiveness (-nes), n. deception; 
 false show. 
 
 illusory ('so-ri), adj. causing illu- 
 sion ; fallacious ; deceptive. 
 
 illustrate (-us'trat), v.t. to make 
 clear or intelligible ; explain by ex- 
 amples ; elucidate by means of pic- 
 tures, &c. 
 
 illustrated (-ed), p.adj. having illus- 
 trations. 
 
 illustration (-tra'shun), n. the act 
 of illustrating ; the state of being 
 illustrated ; that which illustrates ; 
 a comparison or example which ex- 
 plains or corroborates ; a picture 
 designed to elucidate the text. 
 
 illustrative ('tra-tiv), adj. tending 
 to illustrate, elucidate, or exemplify. 
 
 illustratively (-li), adv. by way of 
 illustration. 
 
 illustrator ('us-tra-ter), n. one who 
 illustrates ; one who exemplifies 
 something in his own person; one 
 who draws pictorial representations. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ill 
 
 illustrious ('tri-us), adj. distin- 
 guished by luster or greatness ; emi- 
 nent ; renowned ; conferring luster 
 or honor ; glorious ; famous ; hon- 
 ored. 
 
 im, a prefix representing in when fol- 
 lowed by 6, m, or v. 
 
 image (im'aj), n. an imitation of any 
 person or thing ; a statue, effigy, or 
 bust ; an idol ; a counterpart ; like- 
 ness ; a mental picture, conception, 
 or idea ; an extended metaphor ; the 
 figure of an object formed by rays 
 of light: v.t. to form, or reflect, an 
 image of; represent to the mental 
 vision; imagine. 
 
 imaged ('ajd), adj. decorated with 
 human figures, as porcelain. 
 
 imagery ('aj-ri), n. [pi. imageries 
 (-riz)], representation by images; 
 images collectively ; figures in dis- 
 course ; forms of the fancy. 
 
 imaginable (-aj'i-na-bl), adj. that 
 may be imagined or conceived. 
 
 imaginableness (-nes), n. the state 
 of being imaginable. 
 
 imaginably (-bli), adv. in a con- 
 ceivable manner ; possibly. 
 
 imaginary ('i-na-ri), adj. existing 
 only in imagination ; unreal ; Uto- 
 pian. 
 
 imagination (-na'shun), n. the im- 
 age-forming power of the mind, or 
 the power of the mind which modi- 
 fies the conceptions, especially the 
 higher forms of this power exercised 
 in art and poetry, usually termed 
 the plastic or creative power ; a con- 
 ception or idea; fanciful opinion; 
 fancy ; invention. 
 
 imaginative ('i-na-tiv), adj. pro- 
 ceeding from, exhibiting, or en- 
 dowed with, imagination ; inventive ; 
 fanciful. 
 
 imaginatively (-li), adv. in an im- 
 aginative manner. 
 
 imaginativeness (-nes), n. the 
 quality of being imaginative. 
 
 imagine (-aj'in), v.t. to form a men- 
 tal picture of ; produce by the im- 
 agination ; conceive ; conjecture ; 
 think ; suppose : v.i. to form a men- 
 tal image ; fancy : to surmise. 
 
 imbecile (im'be-sil), adj. without 
 strength, especially of mind ; f eeble- 
 
 imm 
 
 minded ; idiotic : n. one of feeble 
 mind. 
 
 imbecility (-sil'i-ti), n. [pi. imbe- 
 cilities (-tiz)], mental or physical 
 weakness. 
 
 imbibe ('bib), v.t. to drink in; ab- 
 sorb, as if by drinking ; receive or 
 absorb into the mind : v.i. to drink ; 
 absorb moisture. 
 
 imbricate ('bri-kat), v.t. to lay in 
 order, one lapping over another, like 
 tiles or shingles : v.i. to overlap seri- 
 ally : adj. bent and hollowed like a 
 gutter tile or pantile ; overlapping 
 like tiles, as the scales of fishes, or 
 the leaf -buds of plants ; decorated 
 with a pattern resembling lapping 
 tiles or scales. 
 
 imbroglio (-bro'lyo), n. a confused 
 mass of things ; intricate and per- 
 plexing state of affairs ; misunder- 
 standing ; entanglement ; strife ; per- 
 plexity ; complicated plot. 
 
 imbrue ('broo), v.t. to wet or mois- 
 ten; soak; drench, especially in 
 blood. 
 
 imbue ('bu), v.t. to cause to absorb; 
 tinge deeply ; dye ; to tincture deep- 
 ly, as the mind with certain princi- 
 ples. 
 
 imitable ('i-ta-bl), adj. capable of, 
 or worthy of, imitation. 
 
 imitate ('i-tat), v.t. to produce a 
 semblance of, in form, color, quali- 
 ties, conduct, and the like ; use as a 
 model or pattern ; to take example 
 by ; to counterfeit ; copy. 
 
 imitation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
 imitating; that which is produced 
 by imitating; the repetition of the 
 same melodic theme or phrase, either 
 in a different key, or in another 
 voice or part : adj. made in imita- 
 tion ; not genuine. 
 
 imitative ('i-ta-tiv), adj. inclined to, 
 or aiming at, imitation; formed 
 after a model. 
 
 imitatively (-li), adv. in an imita- 
 tive manner. 
 
 imitator ('i-ta-ter), n. one who imi- 
 tates. 
 
 immaculate (-mak'ti-lat), adj. with- 
 out blemish; unspotted; undefiled; 
 pure. 
 
 immaculately (-li), adv. in an im- 
 maculate manner. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
imm 
 
 immaculateness (-nes), n. spotless 
 purity. 
 
 Immanuel, another form of Em- 
 manuel. 
 
 immaterial (-ma-te'ri-al), adj. not 
 consisting of matter ; spiritual ; dis- 
 embodied ; unimportant. 
 
 immaterialism (-izm), n. idealism; 
 spiritualism. 
 
 immaterially (-li), adv. without 
 matter : in an unimportant manner 
 or degree. 
 
 immature (-ma-tur'), adj. not ripe; 
 not fully grown or developed ; not 
 finished or perfected ; crude. 
 
 immatured (-turd'), adj. not ma- 
 tured ; not ripened. 
 
 immaturely (-ttir'li), adv. crudely. 
 
 immatureness ('nes), n. immaturi- 
 ty. 
 
 immaturity (-tur'i-ti), n. unripe- 
 ness ; incompleteness. 
 
 immeasurability ( -mezh-ur-a-bil'i- 
 ti), n. the quality of not being meas- 
 urable. 
 
 immeasurable ('ur-a-bl), adj. not 
 to be measured ; immense ; limitless ; 
 vast. 
 
 immeasurableness (-nes), n. bound- 
 less extent. 
 
 immeasurably (-bli), adv. to an in- 
 definite extent or degree. 
 
 immediate (-me'di-at), adj. directly 
 related without an intervening me- 
 dium; next; direct; approximate; 
 instant. 
 
 immediately (-li), adv. directly; 
 proximately ; instantly. 
 
 immediateness (-nes), n. the quali- 
 ty of being immediate ; promptness. 
 
 immemorial (-me-mor'i-al), adj. ex- 
 tending beyond the reach of mem- 
 ory, record, or tradition : as imme- 
 morial usage or custom. 
 
 immemorially (-li), adv. from time 
 out of mind. 
 
 immense (-mens'), adj. immeasura- 
 ble ; boundless ; vast ; very great or 
 large ; very good or fine : n. infinite 
 space ; immensity. 
 
 immensely ('li), adv. to an immense 
 degree ; exceedingly. 
 
 immenseness ('nes), n. the state of 
 being immense ; immensity. 
 
 immensity ('si-ti), n. [pi. immensi- 
 
 1mm 
 
 ties (-tiz)], the character of being 
 immense ; immeasurableness ; infi- 
 nite space ; vastness in extent or 
 bulk. 
 
 immerge (-merj'), v.t. to plunge into 
 or under anything, especially a 
 fluid ; immerse : v.i. to disappear by 
 entering into any medium, as the 
 moon into the shadow of the earth. 
 
 immerse (-mers'), v.t. to plunge into 
 or under anything, especially a 
 fluid; sink; dip; plunge into, as an 
 occupation ; baptize by immersion. 
 
 immersed (-merst'), p.adj. deeply 
 plunged into anything, especially a 
 fluid ; deeply occupied, engrossed, or 
 involved ; growing wholly under 
 water : said of a plant. 
 
 immersion (-mer'shun), n. the act 
 of immersing; the state of being 
 immersed ; baptism by dipping the 
 whole person into water. 
 
 immigrant ('i-grant), adj. passing 
 or coming into, as a new habitat or 
 place of residence : n. one who, or 
 that which, immigrates. 
 
 immigrate ('i-grat), v.i. to come into 
 a new habitat or place of residence, 
 especially to come into a country to 
 settle. 
 
 imminence ('i-nens), n. the condi- 
 tion of being imminent ; nearness ; 
 impending evil or danger. 
 
 imminent ('i-nent), adj. threatening 
 or about to fall or occur immediate- 
 ly : said especially of misfortune or 
 peril. 
 
 immobility (-mo-bil'i-ti), n. fixed- 
 ness in place or state. 
 
 immoderate (-mod'er-at), adj. not 
 moderate ; not confined to custom- 
 ary or just or reasonable limits ; 
 extravagant ; intemperate. 
 
 immoderately (-li), adv. excessive- 
 ly ; unreasonably. 
 
 immoderateness (-nes), n. want of 
 moderation ; excess. 
 
 immodest (-mod'est), adj. forward; 
 arrogant ; wanting in the restraint ' 
 required by decency ; indelicate ; un- 
 chaste. 
 
 immodesty (-mod'est-i), n. want of 
 modesty, delicacy, or proper re- 
 serve ; arrogance ; unchastity. 
 
 immolate ('o-Iat), v.t. to kill as a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
imm 
 
 sacrificial victim ; offer in sacrifice ; 
 make a sacrifice of. 
 
 immoral (-mor'al), adj. contrary to 
 the moral law, or to the public 
 good ; vicious ; dissolute ; dishonest ; 
 unprincipled. 
 
 immorality (-mo-ral'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being immoral ; an im- 
 moral act or practice. 
 
 immorally (-li), adv. in an immoral 
 manner. 
 
 immortal (-m6r'tal), adj. not mortal 
 or subject to death; imperishable; 
 ever-living : n. one who is immor- 
 tal : pi. the gods of classical my- 
 thology. 
 
 immortalize ('tal-iz), v.t. to render 
 immortal ; bestow lasting fame upon. 
 
 immortality (-tal'i-ti), n. exemption 
 from death or oblivion ; unending 
 existence. 
 
 immortally (-li), adv. eternally. 
 
 immortelle (-mSr-tel'), n. [pi. im- 
 mortelles (-telz')], a plant whose 
 flowers may be dried without losing 
 their form or color ; an everlasting ; 
 a wreath made of everlastings. 
 
 immovability (-moov-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 fixedness. 
 
 immovable ('a-bl), adj. incapable of 
 being moved ; fixed ; steadfast ; un- 
 changing ; unfeeling : n.pl. land, or 
 things fixed to, or running with, 
 land, as trees, buildings. 
 
 immune (-mun'), adj. exempt, as 
 from a disease : n. one who is ex- 
 empt from any particular disease 
 by reason of having had it. 
 
 immunity (-mun'i-ti), n. [pi. im- 
 munities (-tiz)], exemption from 
 any duty, office, or tax ; freedom 
 from natural or usual liability ; spe- 
 cial privilege (usually in pi.). 
 
 immunize (-mun'iz), v.t. to render 
 immune. 
 
 immure (-nmr'), v.t. to enclose with- 
 in walls; shut up in prison; con- 
 fine. 
 
 immutability (-mut-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 unchangeableness. 
 
 immutable (-mut'a-bl), adj. un- 
 changeable ; invariable ; unaltera- 
 ble ; permanent. 
 
 imp (imp), n. a young, little, or in- 
 ferior devil ; a hobgoblin ; sprite ; a 
 pert or mischievous child. 
 
 imp 
 
 impact (im'pakt), n. collision. 
 
 impair (-par'), v.t. to make worse; 
 lessen in quantity, value, excellence, 
 or strength: v.i. to become worse; 
 deteriorate. 
 
 impairment ('ment), n. diminution; 
 injury. 
 
 impale (-pal'), v.t. to fix on a stake ; 
 put to death by spitting on a sharp 
 stake fixed upright; surround with, 
 or as with, a pale or palisade ; in 
 heraldry, to join (two coats of 
 arms) on one shield, palewise. 
 
 impalpable (-pal'pa-bl), adj. not to 
 be perceived by touch ; not material ; 
 incorporeal; not (readily) appre- 
 hensible by the mind; intangible; 
 unreal. 
 
 impanel (-pan'el), v.t. to enter the 
 names of (jurors) on a piece of 
 parchment called a panel; summon 
 to serve on a jury ; draw from the 
 panel and swear in. 
 
 imparity (-par'i-ti), w. inequality; 
 disproportion; difference of degree, 
 rank, excellence, number, quantity, 
 &c. ; want of correspondence. 
 
 impart (-part'), v.t. to bestow a 
 share or portion of; give; to com- 
 municate knowledge of ; make 
 known : v.i. to give a share. 
 
 impartial (-par'shal), adj. free from 
 partiality ; equitable ; fair ; just ; 
 unprejudiced. 
 
 impartiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. free- 
 dom from bias ; fairness. 
 
 impartially (-par'shal-li), adv. just- 
 ly ; fairly ; without prejudice. 
 
 impartialness (-nes), n. impartial- 
 ity. 
 
 impartible ('ti-bl), adj. capable of 
 being imparted or communicated ; 
 indivisible. 
 
 impassable (-pas'a-bl), adj. not to 
 be passed; not admitting passage; 
 impervious. 
 
 impassableness (-nes), n. the state 
 of being impassable. 
 
 impassably (-bli), adv. in an impas- 
 sable manner. 
 
 impassably (-bli), adv. in an impas- 
 pable of suffering from external 
 causes ; exempt from harm or pain ; 
 not to be moved to passion, sym- 
 pathy, or any sign of emotion. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
imp 
 
 impassioned (-pash'und), p.adj. 
 moved to strong feeling; animated; 
 excited. 
 
 impassive (-pas'iv), adj. apathetic. 
 
 impassively (-li), adv. in an impas- 
 sive manner. 
 
 impassiveness (-nes), n. insensi- 
 bility. 
 
 impatience (-pa'shens), n. the state 
 of being impatient. 
 
 impatient ('shent), adj. intolerant 
 of pain, delay, opposition, control, 
 or circumstances ; exhibiting or ex- 
 pressing impatience (with at) ; 
 eager (with for). 
 
 impawn (-pawn'), v.t. to put in 
 pawn; deposit as security; pledge. 
 
 impeach (-pech'), v.t. to call in 
 question; accuse before a tribunal 
 of official misconduct; challenge the 
 credibility or validity of: as a, wit- 
 ness or a document. 
 
 impeachment ('ment), n. the ar- 
 raignment of a public officer for 
 malfeasance in office; a discrediting 
 or calling in question. 
 
 impeccability (-pek-a-bil'i-ti) , n. 
 exemption from sin, error, or wrong- 
 doing. 
 
 impeccable (-pek'a-bl), adj. not lia- 
 ble to sin; faultless. 
 
 impecuniosity (-pe-ku-ni-os'i-ti), n. 
 want of money; poverty. 
 
 impecnnions ('ni-us), adj. without 
 money; poor. 
 
 impede (-ped')» v.t. to obstruct; hin- 
 der. 
 
 impediment (-ped'i-ment), n. that 
 which impedes progress or activity ; 
 obstruction ; obstacle ; hindrance. 
 
 impedimenta (-ped-i-men'ta), n.pl. 
 encumbrances; traveling equipage; 
 baggage, especially military bag- 
 gage; military supplies. 
 
 impedimental ('tal), adj. of the na- 
 ture of an impediment; impeding. 
 
 impel (-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. im- 
 pelled, p.pr. impelling], to drive or 
 urge forward or on; constrain to 
 any kind of motion or action. 
 
 impellent Cent), adj. having the 
 quality of impelling : ». a motive or 
 impelling power. 
 
 impend (-pend'), v.t. to hang over; 
 be ready to fall; be at hand. 
 
 1 imp 
 
 impendent Cent), adj. impending. 
 
 impending Cing), p.adj. overhang- 
 ing; suspended so as to menace; 
 close at hand. 
 
 impenetrability (-pen-e-tra-bil'i-ti) , 
 n. incapability of being penetrated ; 
 that property of matter in virtue 
 of which no two bodies can occupy 
 the same space at the same time. 
 
 impenetrable ('e-tra-bl), adj. not 
 penetrable; not admitting entrance; 
 having the property of being im- 
 penetrable ; impervious. 
 
 impenitence (-pen'i-tens), n. the 
 state of being impenitent; hardness 
 of heart ; stubborn wickedness. Also 
 impenitency. 
 
 impenitent ('i-tent), adj. not con- 
 trite; finally negligent of the duty 
 of repentance ; obdurate : n. one 
 who finally neglects the duty of re-, 
 pentance; a hardened sinner. 
 
 imperative (-per'a-tiv), adj. express-; 
 ing command ; peremptory ; obliga- 
 tory : n. that mood of a verb that 
 expresses command, _ entreaty, or 
 exhortation. ^ 
 
 imperatively (-li), adv. perempto- 
 rily. 
 
 imperceptibility (-sep-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being imperceptible. 
 
 imperceptible (-sep'ti-bl), adj. that 
 cannot be immediately perceived by 
 the senses, or easily apprehended by 
 the mind. 
 
 imperceptibly ('ti-bli), adv. so as 
 not to be readily perceived. 
 
 imperfect ('fekt), adj. wanting in 
 completeness, correctness, or excel- 
 lence; wanting in some organ es- 
 sential to normal activity; incom- 
 plete; defective; faulty. 
 
 imperfection (-fek'shun), n. in- 
 completeness ; f aultiness ; a defect 
 or blemish, physical, mental, or 
 moral ; failing. 
 
 imperforate ('fo-rat), adj. having 
 no perforations or pores. 
 
 imperial (-pe'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
 to an empire or emperor ; fit or suit- 
 able for one who wields supreme au- 
 thority; of superior size or excel- 
 lence ; royal ; sovereign : n.the top of 
 a diligence or coach ; a baggage-case 
 on a traveling carriage; a size of 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 D.29 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
imp 
 
 paper, 30 in. x 22 in.*; a tuft of 
 hair left unshaven on the lower lip 
 and chin (so called from Napoleon 
 III., who set this fashion). 
 
 imperialism (-izm), n. the system 
 of imperial government ; the policy 
 of imperial federation ; policy of 
 territorial expansion. 
 
 imperialist (-ist) , n. one who fa- 
 vors or upholds imperialism. 
 
 imperialistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or favoring, imperialism. 
 
 imperialization (-i-za'shun), n. the 
 establishment or extension _ of im- 
 perial power. 
 
 imperialize ('ri-al-iz), v.t. to invest 
 ,with imperial character, style, or 
 power; bring to the form of an em- 
 pire. .__ 
 
 imperially ('ri-al-li), adv.Jn an im- 
 perial manner. 
 
 imperil (-per'il), v.t. to put in 
 peril ; endanger ; jeopardize. 
 
 imperious (-pe'ri-us), adj. domineer- 
 ing, dictatorial, overbearing ; ur- 
 gent ; imperative. 
 
 imperishable (-per'ish-a-bl), adj. 
 indestructible ; not subject to decay ; 
 permanently enduring. 
 
 impermeability ( -per-me-a-bil'i-ti ) , 
 n. the property of being impermea- 
 ble. 
 
 impermeable ('me-a-bl), adj. not 
 permitting passage, as of a fluid, 
 through its substance; impervious; 
 impenetrable. 
 
 impermeably (-bli), adv. so as to 
 be impermeable. 
 
 impermeator ('me-a-ter), n. a con- 
 trivance for uniformly supplying oil 
 to the cylinder of a steam-engine. 
 
 impersonal ('sun-al), adj. wanting 
 . personality or conscious individuali- 
 ty ; not referring to a particular 
 person : n. an impersonal verb. 
 
 impersonality ('i-ti), n. absence of 
 personality. 
 
 impersonally (-li), adv. in an im- 
 personal manner. 
 
 impersonal verb (verb), n. a verb 
 used without a subject, or (in En- 
 glish) with only the impersonal it. 
 
 impersonate ('sun-at), v.t. to invest 
 with personality ; embody as a per- 
 son ; represent as a personality ; to 
 
 imp 
 
 represent the person or character 
 of, especially on the stage. 
 
 impersonator (-a-ter), n. one who 
 impersonates ; an actor. 
 
 impertinence ('tin-ens), n. that 
 which is impertinent or irrelevant, 
 as in speech or manners ; a thing of 
 no value ; a trifle ; forwardness ; 
 rudeness; in law, matter which is 
 immaterial in substance. 
 
 impertinent ('tin-ent), adj. non- 
 pertinent ; of no relation to the mat- 
 ter in hand; not to the point; in- 
 apposite ; inapplicable ; rude ; un- 
 civil, or offensive in behavior : n. 
 one who interferes in things which 
 do not concern him; a forward, ill- 
 mannered person. 
 
 imperturbability (-ter-ba-bil'i-ti) , 
 n. the quality of being imperturba- 
 ble. 
 
 imperturbable ('ba-bl), adj. not 
 easily disturbed, agitated, or dis- 
 concerted ; self-contained, cool, calm. 
 
 impervious ('vi-us), adj. not to be 
 passed through or penetrated; im- 
 penetrable; not permitting passage, 
 as of a fluid, through its substance. 
 
 impetuosity (-u-os'i-ti), n. vehe- 
 mence ; violence ; force. 
 
 impetuous ('u-us), adj. rushing with 
 force and violence; vehement in 
 feeling ; acting with sudden energy ; 
 precipitate. 
 
 impetus ('pe-tus), n. the force with 
 which any body is driven or im- 
 pelled; impulse; impulsion; mo- 
 mentum. 
 
 impiety (-pi'i-ti), n. [pi. impieties 
 (-tiz)], want of piety; disregard of 
 the Supreme Being; ungodliness; 
 an act of irreverence or wicked- 
 ness ; violation of natural duty to- 
 wards others, as disobedience to- 
 parents. 
 
 impinge (-pinj'), v.i. strike or dash; 
 clash; come in collision (with on, 
 upon, or against). 
 
 impingent ('pin-jent), adj. imping- 
 ing. 
 
 impious ( 'pi-us ), adj. irreligious; 
 wicked ; profane. 
 
 impish (imp'ish), adj. having the 
 mischievous character of an imp. 
 
 implacability (-pla-ka-bil'i-ti), n. a 
 
 ate, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
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imp 
 
 state of irreconcilable enmity or un- 
 appeasable anger. Also implacable- 
 ness. 
 
 implacable (-pla'ka-bl), adj. not to 
 be pacified or appeased ; constant 
 in anger or enmity ; relentless. 
 
 implacably (-bli), adv. with unap- 
 peasable resentment. 
 
 implant (-plant'), v.t. to infix for 
 growth ; cause to take root ; ingraft. 
 
 implead (-pled'), v.t. to sue or prose- 
 cute ; accuse ; impeach. 
 
 implement ('ple-ment), n. that 
 which supplies a want, or is a requi- 
 site to an end, especially an instru- 
 ment, tool, or utensil : pi. the tools 
 and weapons of prehistoric man. 
 
 implemental ('al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characterized by, the use of 
 implements. 
 
 implicate ('pli-kat), v.t. to infold ; 
 involve ; entangle ; bring into con- 
 nection with. 
 
 implication (-ka'shun), n. entangle- 
 ment ; that which is implied ; an 
 inference not expressed but under- 
 stood ; deduction. 
 
 implicit (-plis'it), adj. implied; rest- 
 ing on implication or inference ; 
 trusting in the word or authority 
 of another ; submissive ; blind ; tacit ; 
 unreserved. 
 
 implore (-plor'), v.t. to entreat (a 
 person, or for a thing) earnestly, 
 numbly, and importunately : v.i. to 
 beg ; pray ; supplicate. 
 
 imploring ('ing), p.adj. supplicat- 
 ing. 
 
 imply (-pll')f v.t. [p.t. & p.p. im- 
 plied, p.pr. implying], to contain by 
 implication ; mean or signify by fair 
 inference ; express indirectly ; in- 
 sinuate. 
 
 impolicy (-pol'i-si), n. the quality of 
 being impolitic ; want of policy ; in- 
 expediency. 
 
 impolite (-po-lif), adj. wanting in 
 good manners ; boorish , coarse. 
 
 impolitely (-H), adv. ill-mannered- 
 ly ; discourteously. 
 
 impoliteness (-nes), n. incivility; 
 rudeness. 
 
 impolitic (-pol'i-tik), adj. contrary 
 to good policy ; unwise ; injudicious ; 
 indiscreet. 
 
 imp 
 
 imponderability ( -pon-der-a-bil'i- 
 ti), n. the quality of being impon- 
 derable. 
 
 imponderable (-pon'der-a-bl), adj. 
 not capable of being weighed ; with- 
 out (sensible) weight: n. a term 
 applied to the hypothetical universal 
 medium, ether. 
 
 imporosity (-po-ros'i-ti), n. absence 
 of pores ; compactness. 
 
 imporous (-po'rus), adj. without 
 pores ; solid. 
 
 import (-port'), v.t. to bring into a 
 country from abroad : opposed to ex- 
 port ; bring in from without, as ir- 
 relevant matter into a discussion; 
 bear in meaning ; imply ; signify ; 
 betoken; be of interest or conse- 
 quence to ; concern : v.i. to be of 
 moment: n. (im'port) merchandise 
 brought into a country from abroad 
 (usually in pi.) ; meaning; purport; 
 significance ; importance. 
 
 importance (-pSr'tans), n. the qual- 
 ity of being important ; high place 
 in public estimation; high self-es- 
 teem. 
 
 important ('tant), adj. of much im- 
 port or significance ; momentous ; 
 bearing weight or consequence; of 
 high standing ; pompous. 
 
 importation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
 or practice of bringing merchandise 
 into a country from abroad ; that 
 which is imported ; one who, or that 
 which, is recently introduced. 
 
 importunate (-por'tu-nat), adj. per- 
 sistent ; unreasonable or troublesome 
 in solicitation; not to be repulsed; 
 urgent. 
 
 importunately (-li), adv. with per- 
 sistent solicitation. 
 
 importunateness (-nes), n. impor- 
 tunity. 
 
 importune (-por- tun'), v.t. to harass 
 with perpetual petitions or de- 
 mands : v.i. to beg persistently or 
 urgently. 
 
 importunity (-tu'ni-ti), n. [pi. im- 
 portunities (-tiz)], persistent so- 
 licitation or demand ; incessant in- 
 sistence ; urgency. 
 
 impose (-poz'), v.t. to place upon: 
 as, to impose the hands in confirma- 
 tion or ordination ; lay upon, as a 
 burden, punishment, or charge; to 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
imp 
 
 palm off; lay (pages of type) on 
 an imposing-stone or the bed of a 
 press, and secure them in a chase : 
 v.i. to place a burden or tax ; prac- 
 tice deception (with upon). 
 imposing ('ing), p.adj. adapted to 
 impress forcibly ; commanding ; 
 stately ; grand ; impressive : n. in 
 printing, the arrangement of pages 
 or columns into forms. 
 
 imposition (-po-zish'un), n. a lay- 
 ing upon, especially of hands in or- 
 dination or confirmation ; the fixing 
 of a meaning upon the terms of a 
 proposition ; that which is imposed, 
 levied, or enjoined ; an extra exercise 
 imposed on a student as a punish- 
 ment ; a trick, fraud, or deception ; 
 a duty formerly imposed at the 
 pleasure of the British king on im- 
 ports and exports. 
 
 impossibility (-pos-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
 character of being impossible ; that 
 which cannot be, or be supposed to 
 be, done. 
 
 impossible (-pos'i-bl), adj. that can- 
 not be done ; inconceivable. 
 
 impost ('post), n. that which is im- 
 posed or levied ; a tax, tribute, or 
 duty, especially a customs-duty lev- 
 ied by government on imports ; the 
 top member of a pillar on which the 
 arch rests. 
 
 impostor (-pos'ter), n. one who im- 
 poses upon others by an assumed 
 character or false pretensions. 
 
 impostress ('tres), n. a female im- 
 postor. 
 
 imposture ('pos-tur), n. deception, 
 especially that which is practiced 
 under an assumed character or by 
 false pretensions. 
 
 impotence ('po-tens), n. the state 
 of being impotent in body or mind ; 
 feebleness ; want of capacity ; de- 
 ficiency of means to achieve an end. 
 
 impotent ('po-tent), adj. wanting 
 in physical, intellectual, or moral 
 power ; weak ; deficient in capacity ; 
 lacking self-restraint. 
 
 impound (-pound'), v.t. to shut up 
 in a pound or pen, as stray cattle ; 
 confine ; hold in the custody of a 
 court. 
 
 impoverish (-pov'er-ish), v.t. to 
 
 imp 
 
 make poor ; reduce to poverty ; 
 cause to deteriorate in quality or 
 productiveness. 
 impoverishment (-ment), n. the 
 act of impoverishing; the state of 
 being impoverished; indigence; de- 
 terioration. 
 impracticability ( -prak-ti-ka-bil'i- 
 ti), n. the quality of being imprac- 
 ticable. 
 impracticable ('ti-ka-bl), adj. not 
 to be effected by the means em- 
 ployed, or at command ; not easily 
 dealt with ; unmanageable ; impossi- 
 ble ; intractable. 
 imprecate ('pre-kat), v.t. to invoke, 
 especially an evil or curse, upon ; 
 curse ; wish evil to. 
 imprecatory ( 'pre-ka-to-ri ) , adj. in- 
 voking evil or a curse. 
 impregnability ( -preg-na-bil'i-ti ) , 
 n. the quality of being unconquera- 
 ble. 
 impregnable ('na-bl), adj. not to 
 be captured, as a fortress ; not to 
 be overcome, as virtue. 
 impregnably (-bli), adv. so as to 
 
 defy attack. 
 impregnate (-preg'nat), v.t. to make 
 pregnant ; fecundate ; fertilize ; in- 
 fuse an active principle, or the par- 
 ticles of another substance, into ; 
 imbue; saturate. 
 impresario (-pra-sa're-o), n. the 
 manager of an opera or concert 
 company; one who engages singers 
 and brings them before the public. 
 imprescriptible ( -pre-skrip'ti-bl ) , 
 adj. not founded on prescription ; 
 not to be alienated or lost by lapse 
 of time ; independent of external 
 authority ; inalienable ; self-evidenc- 
 ing. 
 impress (-pres'), v.t. to mark, stamp, 
 or print by pressure ; to affect for- 
 cibly, or stamp deeply on, the mind ; 
 to imprint ; inculcate ; compel to 
 enter the public service as soldiers 
 or sailors, especially to carry off 
 forcibly to serve in the navy; seize 
 for the public service, as money or 
 provisions : n. ( im'pres ) a mark 
 made by pressure ; an image or fig- 
 ure ; a mark of distinction ; char- 
 acteristic ; stamp ; an impression or 
 image fixed in the mind. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
imp 
 
 impressibility (-i-bil'i-ti), ft. the 
 quality of being impressible. 
 
 impressible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
 being impressed; susceptible of im- 
 pressions. 
 
 impression (-presh'un), n. the mark 
 made by a stamp or mold ; style or 
 character formed by external force 
 or influence ; the mark or stamp 
 which is the result of external force 
 or influence ; an image in the mind 
 caused by something external to it ; 
 the immediate effect produced upon 
 the mind by a sensation, passion, 
 or emotion ; an indistinct or vague 
 notion, remembrance, or belief; a 
 copy taken by pressure from type ; 
 number of copies printed at once ; 
 edition. 
 
 impressionability (-a-bil'i-ti), ft. 
 the quality of being impressionable. 
 
 impressionable ( 'a-bl ) , adj. capable 
 of receiving impressions ; suscepti- 
 ble. 
 
 impressional ('un-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to impressions. 
 
 impressionism ('un-izm), ft. the 
 doctrine that natural objects should 
 be painted — in literature described 
 — so as to reproduce only their 
 larger and more immediate effect or 
 impression, without selection or 
 elaboration of details. 
 
 impressionist ('un-ist), ft. one who, 
 in art or in literature, adheres to 
 the theory of impressionism. 
 
 impressionistic (-is'tik), adj. per- 
 taining to, or characterized by, im- 
 pressionism. 
 
 impressive (-pres'iv), adj. capable 
 of making impression. 
 
 impressively (-li), adv. in an im- 
 pressive, affecting, or touching man- 
 ner. 
 
 impress! veness (-nes), n. the quali- 
 ty of being impressive. 
 
 impressment (-pres'ment), ft. the 
 act of seizing for public use, or of 
 compelling to enter the public serv- 
 ice. 
 
 imprimis (-pri'mis), adv. in the 
 first place : a word introducing the 
 first of a series of particulars in 
 an enumeration. 
 
 imprint (-print'), v.t. to mark by 
 
 imp 
 
 pressure ; to stamp, as letters and 
 words on paper, by means of inked 
 types ; print ; impress deeply, as on 
 the mind or memory : ft. (im'print) 
 an impression, impress, or mark left 
 by something ; the publisher's or 
 printer's name, usually with time 
 and place of issue, on the title-page 
 or at the end of a book or other pub- 
 lication. 
 
 imprison (-priz'n), v.t. to put into 
 a prison ; detain in custody ; re- 
 strain or confine in any way ; in- 
 carcerate. 
 
 imprisonment (-ment), ft. state of 
 being shut in, or as in, prison ; con- 
 finement. 
 
 improbability (-prob-a-bil'i-ti), ft. 
 [pi. improbabilities (-tiz)], unlike- 
 lihood ; an improbable event. 
 
 improbable ('a-bl), adj. unlikely; 
 not to be expected. 
 
 improbably (-bli), adv. in an im- 
 probable manner. 
 
 improbity (-prob'i-ti), n. want of 
 probity or rectitude ; dishonesty. 
 
 impromptu (-promp'tu), adv. with- 
 out preparation ; offhand ; extem- 
 pore : adj. extemporaneous ; thrown 
 off on the spur of the moment : ft. 
 an extemporaneous speech or effort. 
 
 improper (-prop'er), adj. not well 
 adapted or suited to the purpose ; 
 not according to nature, usage, &c. ; 
 erroneous ; unseemly. 
 
 improper fraction (frak'shun), ft. 
 a fraction whose numerator is equal 
 to, or greater than, its denominator. 
 
 impropriety (-prl'e-ti), ft. [pi. im- 
 proprieties (-tiz)], the quality of 
 being improper ; unsuitableness ; 
 that which is improper in act, ex- 
 pression, &c. 
 
 improvable (-proov'a-bl), adj. capa- 
 ble of being improved. 
 
 improve (-proov'), v.t. to make bet- 
 ter ; turn to account ; intensify : v.i. 
 to grow better. 
 
 improvement ('ment), ft. advance- 
 ment of anything from good to bet- 
 ter ; profitable use or application 
 of anything ; that by which the value 
 of anything, especially property, is 
 advanced : pi. betterments. 
 
 improver ('er), w. one who, or that 
 which, improves. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
imp 
 
 improvidence (-prov'i-dens), want 
 of foresight or thrift. 
 
 improvident ('i-dent), adj. lacking 
 foresight or thrift ; wanting care to 
 provide for the future ; careless. 
 
 improvisation (-i-sa'shun), n. the 
 act of improvising ; the act of com- 
 posing poetry or music extempora- 
 neously ; an impromptu. 
 
 improvisator ('i-sa-ter), n. an im- 
 proviser. Also improvisatore. 
 
 improvisatrice (-ve-za-tre'cha), n. 
 a female improvisatore. 
 
 improvise (-pro-viz'), v.t. to com- 
 pose extemporaneously, especially 
 verse or music ; bring about on a 
 sudden, or without previous prepa- 
 ration ; devise on the spur of the 
 moment, or for a special occasion : 
 v.i. to compose extemporaneously ; 
 do a thing in an offhand way. 
 
 imprudence (-proo'dens), n. want of 
 prudence ; carelessness of conse- 
 quences ; inattention to one's in- 
 terest. 
 
 imprudent ('dent), adj. wanting 
 prudence ; not attentive to conse- 
 quences or interest ; indiscreet ; in- 
 judicious. 
 
 impudence ('pu-dens), n. want of 
 modesty ; shamelessness ; rudeness ; 
 forwardness. 
 
 impudent ('pii-dent), adj. shame- 
 less ; immodest ; offensively forward ; 
 intentionally disrespectful. 
 
 impugn (-pun'), v.t. to attack by 
 arguments ; contradict ; gainsay. 
 
 impugnable ('a-bl), adj. that may 
 be impugned or gainsaid. 
 
 impulse ('puis), n. force communi- 
 cated suddenly ; the result of an 
 impelling force ; a mental force di- 
 rectly urging to action ; a sudden de- 
 termination not arising from reflec- 
 tion. 
 
 impulsion (-pul'shun), n. the act of 
 impelling ; the state of being im- 
 pelled ; instigation. 
 
 impulsive ('siv), adj. having the 
 power of impelling ; actuated by, or 
 resulting from, impulse ; passion- 
 ate ; acting by momentary impulse, 
 not continuously. 
 
 impulsively (-li), adv. by impulse. 
 
 impulsiveness (-nes), n. the quality 
 of being impulsive. 
 
 ina 
 
 impunity (-pun'i-ti), n. freedom 
 from punishment, injury, or loss. 
 
 impure (-pur'), adj. mixed with ex- 
 traneous matter ; unchaste ; un- 
 clean ; dirty ; not accurate or idio- 
 matic : said of a language or style. 
 
 impurely ('li), adv. in an impure 
 manner. 
 
 impureness ('nes), n. the quality of 
 being impure ; impurity. 
 
 impurity ('ti), n. [pi. impurities 
 (-tiz)], uncleanness; a physical or 
 moral blemish. 
 
 imputable (-put'a-bl), adj. that may 
 be imputed, charged, or ascribed. 
 
 imputation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
 imputing or charging ; anything im- 
 puted or charged, especially in the 
 way of discredit ; censure ; reproach ; 
 insinuation; the doctrine that the 
 sin of Adam is attributed to his 
 posterity, and the righteousness of 
 Christ to the believer. 
 
 impute (-put'), v.t. to charge, at- 
 tribute, or ascribe, especially a fault ; 
 attribute (sin or righteousness) as 
 derived from another. 
 
 in, prefix meaning in, within, inside, 
 not. 
 
 inadvertence (in-ad-vert'ens), n. 
 want of attention ; oversight ; mis- 
 take. Also inadvertency. 
 
 inadvertent Cent), adj. inatten- 
 tive; heedless; careless; uncon- 
 scious. 
 
 inalienability (-al-yen-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being inalienable. 
 
 inalienable (-a-bl), adj. that cannot, 
 or should not, be alienated, surren- 
 dered, or transferred to another. 
 
 inalienableness (-nes), n. inaliena- 
 bility. 
 
 inalienably (-bli), adv. so as to be 
 inalienable. 
 
 inamorata (-a-mo-ra'ta), n. a wom- 
 an with whom one is in love ; sweet- 
 heart; mistress [Italian]. 
 
 inamorato ('to), n. a man who is 
 in love; a lover [Italian]. 
 
 inane (-an'), adj. empty; void; 
 senseless ; silly ; pointless ; frivo- 
 lous : n. infinite void ; space. 
 
 inanimate (in-an'i-mat), adj. not 
 animate or animated ; dead ; spirit- 
 less ; lifeless. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ina 
 
 inc 
 
 inanition (-a-nish'un), n. empti- 
 ness ; exhaustion from lack of nour- 
 ishment. 
 
 inanity (-an'i-ti), n. [pi. inanities 
 (-tiz)], emptiness; mental vacuity; 
 frivolity : pi. vanities. 
 
 inappreciable ( -pre'shi-a-bl ) , adj. 
 not to be appreciated or estimated ; 
 of no consequence. 
 
 inarch (in-arch'), v.t. to graft by 
 uniting (a scion) to a stock without 
 separating the scion from its parent 
 tree. 
 
 inarticulate (in-iir-tik'u-lat) , adj. 
 not uttered with intelligible distinct- 
 ness ; incapable of speech ; not arti- 
 culated ; not jointed, segmented, or 
 valved. 
 
 inarticulately (-li), adv. in an in- 
 articulate manner. 
 
 inarticulateness (-nes), n. indis- 
 tinctness of utterance. 
 
 inasmuch (-az-much'), adv. in a like 
 degree; seeing that (with as) ; be- 
 cause. 
 
 inaugural (-aw'gu-ral), adj. pertain- 
 ing to an inauguration : n. an inau- 
 gural address. 
 
 inaugurate ('gu-rM.),' v.t. to induct 
 into office with appropriate cere- 
 monies ; invest with office in a for- 
 mal manner ; consecrate ; make a 
 formal beginning of ; initiate, as a 
 new policy ; celebrate the first pub- 
 lic use of by some opening cere- 
 mony ; dedicate, as a public build- 
 ing. 
 
 inaugurator (-rat-er), n. one who 
 inaugurates, or initiates. 
 
 inauguratory (-to-ri), adj. pertain- 
 ing to inauguration. 
 
 inauguratrix (-triks), n. a female 
 who inaugurates. 
 
 inauspicious (-spish'us), adj. ill- 
 omened; unlucky; unfavorable; un- 
 fortunate. 
 
 inbeing ('be-ing), n. inherent exist- 
 ence ; inherence ; inseparableness. 
 
 inboard ('bord), adv. and adj. with- 
 in the ship ; not projecting over the 
 bulwarks. 
 
 inbond ('bond), adj. a term applied 
 to a brick or stone laid lengthwise 
 across a wall. 
 
 inbreed (-bred'), v.t. to breed or de- 
 
 velop within ; breed from animals 
 closely related. 
 
 Inca (ing'ka), n. the Peruvian em- 
 peror, or a member of the royal race 
 in Peru (which claimed descent from 
 the sun) previous to the Spanish 
 conquest under Pizarro, 1531 ; the 
 aboriginal Peruvian race, whose lan- 
 guage, called Quichua, is still spoken 
 in the Sierra. 
 
 incalculable (in-kal'ku-la-bl), adj. 
 beyond calculation. 
 
 incalculably (-bli), adv. immeasur- 
 ably. 
 
 incalescence (-kal-es'ens), the state 
 of growing warm. Also incalescen- 
 cy. 
 
 incalescent (-es'ent), adj. increas- 
 ing in heat. 
 
 incandesce (-kan-des'), v.t. to cause 
 to glow with heat: v.t. to glow with 
 heat. 
 
 incandescnce ('ens), n. white heat. 
 Also incandescency. 
 
 incandescent ('ent), adj. glowing; 
 white with heat. 
 
 incandescent lamp (lamp), n. a 
 lamp in which the light is produced 
 by a thin strip of non-conducting 
 material contained in a vacuum, and 
 heated to incandescence by an elec- 
 tric current. 
 
 incantation (-kan-ta'shun), n. a 
 magical charm said or sung; en- 
 chantment. 
 
 incantatory ('ta-to-ri), adj. dealing 
 by enchantment ; magical. 
 
 incapacitate (-ka-pas'i-tat), v.t. to 
 deprive of capacity or natural pow- 
 er ; render incapable or unfit ; dis- 
 qualify ; disable. 
 
 incapacity (-ti), n. lack of power, 
 physical or mental ; legal disqualifi- 
 cation. 
 
 incarcerate (-kar'ser-at), v.t. to im- 
 prison ; confine. 
 
 incarceration (-ra'shun), n. im- 
 prisonment ; confinement ; constric- 
 tion, as of a hernia. 
 
 incarcerator ('ser-a-ter), n. one who 
 nicarcerates. 
 
 incarnate ('nat), v.t. to clothe with 
 flesh ; embody in flesh : p.adj. em- 
 bodied in flesh ; flesh-colored. 
 
 incarnation (-na'shun), n. the act 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
of clothing witn; of of assuming, 
 flesh ; embodiment in human form ; 
 a striking exemplification or personi- 
 fication ; the assumption of human 
 nature by the Son of God; the pro- 
 cess by which a wound heals by 
 being filled with new flesh. 
 
 incase, same as encase. 
 
 incautious (-kaw'shus), adj. want- 
 ing in caution ; not circumspect ; 
 unwary. 
 
 incavo (-ka/vo), the hollowed part in 
 an intaglio or an engraved work. 
 
 incendiarism (-sen'di-a-rizm), the 
 act of an incendiary ; burning ; ar- 
 son. 
 
 incendiary ('di-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to arson or the malicious burning of 
 property ; tending to excite passion 
 or violence ; inflammatory ; sedi- 
 tious : n. one guilty of arson ; one 
 who excites passion or violence; a 
 seditious agitator. 
 
 incense (in-sens'), v.t. to fire; in- 
 flame with anger ; provoke ; irritate ; 
 (in'sens), perfume with incense: 
 n. any aromatic material which ex- 
 hales perfume when burned, especial- 
 ly olibanum, the frankincense of the 
 Jews, and also of the ancient Greeks 
 and Romans ; any gratifying odor, 
 as of flowers ; homage ; odor of 
 spices and gums burned in religious 
 rites. 
 
 incentive (sen'tiv), ad], inciting; 
 encouraging : n. incitement ; en- 
 couragement ; motive ; spur ; stimu- 
 lus. 
 
 inception (-sep'shun), n. reception; 
 beginning; the formal qualification 
 of a master of arts, previous to tak- 
 ing his degree. 
 
 inceptive (-sep'tiv), adj. beginning; 
 noting beginning : n. an inceptive 
 word or phrase. 
 
 incessant (ses' ant), adj. unceasing; 
 ceaseless ; continuous. 
 
 incest ('sest), n. sexual commerce 
 between persons related within the 
 prohibited degrees of marriage. 
 
 incestuous (-ses'tu-us), adj. guilty 
 of, or involving, incest. 
 
 inch (inch), n. l-12th of a foot; a 
 small quantity or degree ; a critical 
 moment : v.t. to drive by small de- 
 
 inc 
 
 grees ; deal out sparingly : v.t. move 
 slowly. 
 
 inchoate ('ko-at), adj. just begun; 
 incipient ; elementary ; incomplete. 
 
 inchoately (-li), adv. rudimentarily. 
 
 inchoative ('a-tiv), adj. incipient; 
 rudimentary : n. an inceptive. 
 
 incidence ('si-dens), n. the direction 
 in which a ray of light or heat falls 
 upon a surface. 
 
 incident ('si-dent), adj. falling upon, 
 as a ray of light on a reflecting sur- 
 face; apt to occur; appertaining; 
 occurring accidentally ; casual ; sub- 
 ordinate : n. occurrence ; that which 
 happens beside the main design; 
 casualty ; episode ; event ; accident. 
 
 incidental ( 'al ) , adj. casual ; sub- 
 ordinate : n. something casual or 
 subordinate : pi. minor expenses. 
 
 incidentally (-li), adv. casually. 
 
 incinerate (-sin'er-at), v.t. to burn 
 to ashes. 
 
 incineration (-er-a'shun), in. crema- 
 tion. 
 
 incinerator ('er-a-ter), n. a furnace 
 or retort for reducing substances to 
 ashes. 
 
 incipience (-sip'i-ens), n. incipient 
 state ; beginning ; commencement. 
 Also incipiency. 
 
 incipient ('i-ent), adj. beginning to 
 be or to appear ; initial. 
 
 incised (-sizd'), p.adj. cut; caused 
 by cutting ; engraved ; notched. 
 
 incision (-sizh'un), n. a cut made 
 with a sharp instrument ; notch. 
 
 incisive (-si'siv), adj. having the 
 quality of cutting into; sharp; 
 trenchant ; pertaining to the incisor 
 teeth ; incisorial : n. the incisive 
 edge or tooth of the mandible of a 
 beetle. 
 
 incisively (-li), adv. with incision. 
 
 incisiveness (-nes), n. the quality of 
 being incisive. 
 
 incisor ('ser), n. a cutting tooth; 
 one of the teeth in front of the ca- 
 nines in both jaws. 
 
 incisorial (-sor'i-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or having the character of, an in- 
 cisor tooth. 
 
 incisory ('so-ri), adj. cutting. 
 
 incite (-sit'), v.t. to move to action; 
 stir up ; spur on ; encourage ; im- 
 pel. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
inc 
 
 ino 
 
 incitement ('ment), n. an inciting 
 cause ; incentive ; impulse ; encour- 
 agement. 
 
 incivility (-si-vil'i-ti), n. *[pl. inci- 
 vilities (-tiz)], lack of civility or 
 courtesy ; impoliteness. 
 
 inclemency (-klem'en-si), n. [pi. in- 
 clemencies (-siz)], want of clem- 
 ency ; severity of temper ; stormi- 
 ness ; adversity. 
 
 inclement Cent), adj. not clement; 
 unmerciful ; tempestuous. 
 
 inclination (-cli-na'shun), n. a lean- 
 ing ; deviation from normal direc- 
 tion or position ; tendency of the 
 mind ; disposition ; a slope or de- 
 clivity ; slant ; propensity. 
 
 incline (-kiln'), v.i. to deviate from 
 the normal direction or position ; 
 lean ; bow ; have a mental bent or 
 tendency ; be disposed : v.t. to cause 
 to lean ; direct ; bow ( as in rever- 
 ence or civility) ; give a tendency 
 to ; turn ; dispose : n. a slope ; an in- 
 clined plane ; gradient. 
 
 inclined (-klind'), p.adj. having a 
 tendency ; sloping ; disposed ; bent 
 into a convex curve. 
 
 inclined plane (plan), n. a plane 
 that makes an angle with the plane 
 of the horizon ; one of the mechan- 
 ical powers. 
 
 inclinometer (-kli-nom'e-ter), n. an 
 apparatus for determining the mag- 
 netic inclination or dip ; a dipping 
 needle; clinometer. 
 
 inclose (-kloz'), v.t. to shut in; en- 
 compass ; surround ; put into an 
 envelope ; put into the same envel- 
 ope (with another letter) ; sepa- 
 rate from common lands by a fence. 
 
 inclosure ('zhur), n. the act of in- 
 closing, or state of being inclosed, 
 especially the act of separating land 
 from a common by a fence ; that 
 which is inclosed ; that which in- 
 closes, as a fence; something in- 
 closed with a letter in an envelope, 
 as a bill, check, &c. 
 
 include (-klood'), v.t. to inclose; 
 hold as in an inclosure ; confine 
 within something ; comprise or com- 
 prehend, as a genus the species. 
 
 included ('ed), p.adj. inclosed; con- 
 tained; not projecting beyond the 
 mouth of the corolla of a flower. 
 
 inclusion (-kloo'zhun), n. the act 
 of including ; the state of being in- 
 cluded ; that which is included. 
 
 inclusive ( 'siv ) , adj. inclosing ; in- 
 cluding ; comprehending the ex- 
 tremes in the sum, as from Monday 
 to Saturday inclusive, i.e., taking in 
 both Monday and Saturday. 
 
 inclusively (-li), adv. so as to in- 
 clude. 
 
 incognito (-kog'ni-to), adj. un- 
 known or disguised : adv. in dis- 
 guise; under an assumed name: n. 
 a great personage who travels under 
 an assumed style ; the assumption of 
 a character or title to avoid recog- 
 nition ; state of being unrecognized. 
 Fern, incognita. 
 
 incoherence (-ko-her'ens), n. want 
 of cohesion ; looseness ; want of con- 
 nection ; incongruity ; inconsequence. 
 Incoherency. 
 
 incoherent Cent), without cohesion; 
 incongruous ; inconsecutive. 
 
 incohesion (-he'zhun), n. want of 
 cohesion. 
 
 incombustible (-kom-bus'ti-bl), adj. 
 that cannot be consumed by fire: n. 
 an incombustible substance. 
 
 income ('kum), n. the gain which 
 proceeds from labor, business, prop- 
 erty, or capital ; annual receipts of 
 a person or corporation. 
 
 incomer ('kum-er), n. one who comes 
 in ; one who succeeds another as a 
 tenant. 
 
 incoming ('kum-ing), p.adj. coming 
 in ; accruing : n. the act of coming 
 in ; that which comes in ; income. 
 
 incommensurability ( -kom-men-su- 
 ra-bil'i-ti), n. the quality or state of 
 being incommensurable. Also in- 
 commensurableness. 
 
 incommensurable ( 'su-ra-bl ) , adj. 
 having no common measure ; having 
 no common divisor except unity : n. 
 one of two (or more) quantities 
 that have no common measure. 
 
 incommensurate (-rat), adj. not 
 admitting of a common measure; 
 incommensurable ; not sufficient in 
 measure; inadequate. 
 
 incommensurately (-li), adv. not 
 in equal or due measure. 
 
 incommode (-kom-od'), v.t. to give 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
inc 
 
 inc 
 
 inconvenience or trouble to; dis- 
 turb. 
 
 incommodious ('i-us), adj. tending 
 to incommode ; troublesome ; incon- 
 venient. 
 
 incommunicable ( -mu'ni - ka-bl ) , 
 adj. that cannot be communicated 
 or told. 
 
 incomparable (-kom'pa-ra-bl), adj. 
 not admitting of comparison ; un- 
 equaled ; transcendent ; peerless. 
 
 incomparableness (-nes), n. excel- 
 lence beyond comparison. 
 
 incomparably (-bli), adv. beyond 
 comparison. 
 
 incompatibility (-pat-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
 irreconcilabieness. Also incompat- 
 ibleness. 
 
 incompatible ('i-bl), adj. incapable 
 of harmonious subsistence or com- 
 bination ; inconsistent ; incongru- 
 ous : ri.pl. persons or things irrecon- 
 cilably disagreeing with each other. 
 
 incompatibly (-bli), adv. in an in- 
 compatible manner. 
 
 incompetence (-kom'pe-tens), n. in- 
 ability, physical, intellectual, or 
 moral ; insufficiency ; inadequacy ; 
 lack of qualification or jurisdiction. 
 Also incompetency. 
 
 incompetent ('pe-tent), adj. want- 
 ing ability ; inadequate ; wanting 
 qualification or fitness ; incapaci- 
 tated ; inadmissible. 
 
 incomplete (-plef), adj. not fully 
 finished or developed ; not having all 
 its parts ; imperfect ; defective. 
 
 incompletely ( 'li ) , adv. imperfectly. 
 
 incompleteness ('nes), n. imperfec- 
 tion. 
 
 incomprehensible ( -pre-hen'si-bl ) , 
 adj. illimitable ; not to be under- 
 stood or grasped by the mind ; in- 
 conceivable. 
 
 incompressible (-pres'i-bl), adj. in- 
 capable of being reduced in volume 
 by pressure ; resisting pressure. 
 
 inconceivability (-kon - sev-a-bil'i- 
 ti), n. the quality of being incon- 
 ceivable. 
 
 inconceivable ( 'a-bl ) , adj. incapable 
 of being conceived or imagined ; in- 
 credible. 
 
 inconceivably (-bli), adv. beyond 
 the power of conception. 
 
 inconclusive (-kloo'siv), adj. lead- 
 ing to no conclusion in evidence or 
 argument ; unconvincing ; reaching 
 no definite result in action ; inef- 
 fective ; inefficient. 
 
 inconclusively (-li), adv. in an in- 
 conclusive manner. 
 
 incondensible (-den'si-bl), adj. in- 
 capable of being made more dense or 
 compact, or of being reduced to 
 liquid form. 
 
 incongruity (-groo'i-ti), n. [pi. in- 
 congruities (-tiz)], want of mutual 
 fitness ; unsuitableness of one thing 
 to another. 
 
 incongruous (-kong'groo-us), adj. 
 reciprocally disagreeing ; unsuited to 
 one another ; inharmonious ; inap- 
 propriate. 
 
 inconnu (-kon-nu'), adj. unknown: 
 n. an unknown person. Feminine 
 inconnue [French]. 
 
 inconsequence ('se-kwens), n. the 
 quality of being inconsequent ; want 
 of logical sequence ; inconclusive- 
 ness. 
 
 inconsequent (-kwent), adj. not fol- 
 lowing from the premises ; illogical ; 
 out of proper relation ; irrelevant. 
 
 inconsiderable ( -sid'er-a-bl ) , adj. 
 not deserving consideration ; unim- 
 portant. 
 
 inconsiderably (-bli), adv. very lit- 
 tle. 
 
 inconsiderate (-sid'er-at), adj. with- 
 out consideration ; thoughtless. 
 
 inconsiderately (-li), adv. thought- 
 lessly. 
 
 inconsistency (-sis'ten-si), n. [pi. 
 inconsistencies (-siz)], the quality 
 of being inconsistent ; incongruity. 
 
 inconsistent ('tent), adj. lacking 
 coherence or agreement ; discrepant ; 
 lacking uniformity; self-contradict- 
 ing; incongruous. 
 
 inconsolable (-so'la-bl), adj. not to 
 be consoled or comforted. 
 
 inconsolably (-bli), adv. in an in- 
 consolable manner or degree. 
 
 inconspicuous (-spik'u-us), adj. hot 
 easily perceived ; so small as to es- 
 cape notice ; hardly discernible. 
 
 inconstancy ('stan-si), n. change- 
 ableness. 
 
 inconstant ('stint), adj. subject to 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
inc 
 
 inc 
 
 change ; unstable ; variable ; fickle ; 
 capricious. 
 
 incontestable (-test'a-bl), adj. not 
 admitting of question or dispute ; 
 incontrovertible. 
 
 incontestable- (-bli), adv. indispu- 
 tably. 
 
 incontinence ('ti-nens), n. lack of 
 restraint, especially undue indul- 
 gence of the sexual passions ; licen- 
 tiousness ; involuntary discharge. 
 Also incontinency. 
 
 incontinent ('ti-nent), adj. unre- 
 strained ; unchaste : n. an unchaste 
 person. 
 
 incontrovertibility ( -tro-ver-ti-bil '- 
 i-ti), n. the state or quality of being 
 incontrovertible. 
 
 incontrovertible ('ti-bl), adj. not 
 admitting of controversy; indis- 
 putable. 
 
 incontrovertibly (-bli), adv. indis- 
 putably. 
 
 inconvenience (-ven'iens), n. want 
 of convenience ; unfitness ; trouble- 
 someness ; that which incommodes ; 
 disadvantage. Also inconveniency : 
 v.t. to put to inconvenience ; incom- 
 mode ; annoy ; molest. 
 
 inconvenient ('ient), adj. disad- 
 vantageous ; inopportune ; unfit ; in- 
 expedient. 
 
 inconvertibility (-ver-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being inconvertible. 
 
 inconvertible ('ti-bl), adj. incapa- 
 ble of being converted into, or ex- 
 changed for, something else. 
 
 incorporate (-kor'po-rat), v.t. to 
 combine into one body ; give a body 
 to; embody; unite; associate; unite 
 intimately; assimilate; blend; form 
 into a corporation recognized by 
 law : v.i. to unite with another body 
 so as to form a part of it ; be mixed 
 or blended with : p.adj. incorpo- 
 rated ; united in one body. 
 
 incorporation (-po-ra'shun), n. 
 combination ; assimilation ; mixture ; 
 formation of a body corporate; a 
 corporation. 
 
 incorporator (-ra-ter), n. one who 
 incorporates ; an original member of 
 an incorporated society. 
 
 incorporeal (po're-al), adj. not cor- 
 poreal ; immaterial ; intangible, and 
 
 existing only in contemplation of 
 the law. 
 
 incorporeally (-li), adv. immaterial- 
 ly. 
 
 incorrect (-kor-ekf), adj. not ac- 
 cording to model or rule ; faulty ; 
 not according to fact ; inaccurate ; 
 not in accordance with morality or 
 good manners ; improper. 
 
 incorrigible ('ri-ji-bl), adj. bad be- 
 yond correction or amendment ; ir- 
 reclaimable. 
 
 incorrigibleness (-nes), n. the qual- 
 ity of being incorrigible. Also in- 
 corrigibility. 
 
 incorrigibly (-bli), adv. irreclaim- 
 ably. 
 
 incorrodible (-rod'i-bl), adj. in- 
 capable of being corroded. 
 
 incorrupt (-kor-upt'), adj. free from 
 physical or moral taint ; unim- 
 paired ; upright ; especially above the 
 influence of corruption or bribery ; 
 honest. 
 
 incorruptibility ( -ti-bil'i-ti ) , n. in- 
 capability of corruption. 
 
 incorruptible ('ti-bl), adj. incapa- 
 ble of physical corruption, decay, or 
 dissolution ; not liable to moral per- 
 version or contamination ; especially 
 incapable of being bribed. 
 
 incorruptibly (-bli), adv. in an in- 
 corruptible manner. 
 
 incorruption (-rup'shun), n. ex- 
 emption from corruption. 
 
 increase (-kres'), v.i. to become 
 greater in any respect ; augment ; 
 multiply ; grow ; wax, as the moon : 
 v.t. to make greater in any respect ; 
 enhance ; aggravate ; enlarge : n. 
 (in'kres), a growing larger; that 
 which is added to the original 
 stock ; increment ; produce ; profit ; 
 issue ; offspring ; a waxing, as of 
 the moon. 
 
 incredibility (-kred-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being incredible. Also in- 
 credibleness. 
 
 incredible ('i-bl), adj. surpassing 
 belief; hard to believe; unimagin- 
 able; inconceivable. 
 
 incredibly (-bli), adv. in an incred- 
 ible manner. 
 
 incredulity (kre-du'li-ti), n. the 
 quality of being incredulous ; scep- 
 ticism ; disbelief. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 c, at, awi : me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
inc 
 
 ind 
 
 incredulous (-kred'ii-lus), adj. hard 
 of belief ; sceptical ; unbelieving. 
 
 increment ('kre-ment), n. increase; 
 augmentation ; produce. 
 
 increscent (-kres'ent), p.adj. in- 
 creasing ; in heraldry, denoting the 
 new moon, with the horns towards 
 the dexter side. 
 
 incriminate (-krim'i-nat), v.t. to 
 charge with a crime ; criminate ; ac- 
 cuse. 
 
 incrust (in-krusf), v.t. to cover with, 
 or as with, a crust ; coat ; overlay,; 
 to inlay, as mosaic, so as to form 
 a decorative covering. Also en- 
 crust. 
 
 incrustate ('at), adj. covered with 
 earthy matter ; growing firmly to 
 the pericarp : said of seeds. 
 
 incrustation (-krus-ta'shun), n. a 
 crust ; covering ; an incrusted or in- 
 laid object or substance ; a covering 
 or inlaying of marble, mosaic, &c, 
 attached to the masonry. 
 
 incubate ('ku-bat), v.t. to sit upon 
 (eggs) to hatch them; hatch out: 
 v.i. to brood ; in medicine, to go 
 through the stage of incubation. 
 
 incubator ('ku-ba-ter), n. one who, 
 or that which, incubates ; especially 
 an apparatus for hatching eggs arti- 
 ficially. 
 
 incubus ('kii-bus), n. [pi. incubuses 
 (-ez) incubi (-bi)], the nightmare; 
 in the superstition of the middle 
 ages, a demon believed to cause 
 nightmare, and the birth of de- 
 formed children ; a heavy weight or 
 burden. 
 
 inculcate (-kul'kat), v.t. to impress 
 upon the mind by frequent admoni- 
 tions. 
 
 inculcator ('ka-ter), n. one who in- 
 culcates. 
 
 incumbency (-kum'ben-si), n. [pi. 
 incumbencies ( -siz ) ] , the act or 
 state of being incumbent ; full pos- 
 session and exercise of any office ; 
 state of holding a benefice. 
 
 incumbent ('bent), adj. lying upon; 
 imposed as a duty : n. the holder of 
 an office ; a clergyman in posses- 
 sion of a benefice. 
 
 incur (-ker'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. in- 
 curred, p.pr. incurring], to become 
 
 liable to, by one's own action ; con- 
 tract, as a debt. 
 
 incurability (kur-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state of being incurable. 
 
 incurable (-kur'a-bl), adj. incapable 
 of being cured ; beyond the power of 
 skill or medicine ; irremediable ; in- 
 corrigible : n. a person diseased be- 
 yond cure. 
 
 incurably (-bli), adv. without reme- 
 dy. 
 
 incursion (in-ker'shun), n. an in- 
 road ; raid ; invasion. 
 
 incurvate ('vat), p.adj. bent in- 
 ward ; curved. 
 
 indebted (-det'ed), p.adj. being in 
 debt ; lying under an obligation. 
 
 indecency (-de'sen-si), n. [pi. in- 
 decencies (-siz)], want of decency, 
 modesty, or good manners ; that 
 which is indecent, grossly vulgar, or 
 obscene ; in law, the public exhibi- 
 tion of something indecent. 
 
 indecent ('sent), adj. violating pro- 
 priety in language ; behavior, &c. ; 
 immodest ; indelicate ; obscene. 
 
 indecision (-de-sizh'un), n. want of 
 decision; a wavering of the mind; 
 irresolution. 
 
 indecisive (-si'siv), adj. not bring- 
 ing to a decision or final issue ; in- 
 conclusive. 
 
 indecisively (-li), adv. in an inde- 
 cisive manner. 
 
 indeclinable (-kli'na-bl), adj. that 
 cannot be declined, or varied by 
 declension : n. a word that cannot 
 be declined. 
 
 indeclinably (-bli), adv. without de- 
 clension. 
 
 indecorous (-de-ko'rus), adj. vio- 
 lating decorum, or any accepted rule 
 of conduct. 
 
 indecorum (-ko'rum), n. violation 
 of decorum or propriety ; breach of 
 etiquette or civility. 
 
 indeed (-ded'), adv. in fact; in truth. 
 
 indef atig ability ( -de-fat-i-ga-bil'i- 
 ti), n. the quality of being indefati- 
 gable. 
 
 indefatigable ('i-ga-bl), adj. not to 
 be wearied out ; not yielding to 
 fatigue; unremitting in labor or ef- 
 fort. 
 
 indefatigably (-bli), adv. without 
 yielding to fatigue; persistently. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ind 
 
 ind 
 
 indefeasibility (-de-fe-zi-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being indefeasible. 
 
 indefeasible ('zi-bl), adj. not to be 
 defeated or made void, as a title. 
 
 indefeasibly (-bli), adv. so as not 
 to be set aside or made void. 
 
 indefectible (-fek'ti-bl), adj. subject 
 to no defect, failure, or decay. 
 
 indefensible (-fen'si-bl), adj. that 
 cannot be defended, maintained, or 
 justified. 
 
 indefensibly (-bli), adv. so as to ad- 
 mit of no defense. 
 
 indefinable (-fi'na-bl), adj. that can- 
 not be defined. 
 
 indefinably (-bli), adv. in an inde- 
 finable manner. 
 
 indefinite (-def'i-nit), adj. not de- 
 fined ; not precise ; vague ; having 
 no particular limit ; large beyond the 
 comprehension of man, though not 
 absolutely infinite ; too numerous or 
 variable to be easily counted ; inde- 
 terminate in logical quantity. 
 
 indefinitely (-li) : adv. to an indef- 
 inite degree ; without determinate 
 limitation. 
 
 indelibility (-del-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being indelible. 
 
 indelible ('i-bl), adj. not to be blot- 
 ted out, effaced, or obliterated. 
 
 indelibly (-bli), adv. so as to be in- 
 delible. 
 
 indelicacy (-del'i-ka-si), n. [pi. in- 
 delicacies (-siz)], want of delicacy; 
 that which is offensive to modesty 
 or refined taste. 
 
 indelicate ('i-kat), adj. offensive to 
 modesty or propriety ; coarse ; in- 
 decent. 
 
 indelicately (-li), adv. in an indeli- 
 cate manner. 
 
 indemnification (-dem-ni-fi-ka'- 
 shun ) , n. the act of securing against 
 loss ; reimbursement of loss. 
 
 indemnify ('ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 indemnified, p.pr. indemnifying], to 
 secure or insure against loss or dam- 
 age ; reimburse. 
 
 indemnity ('ni-ti), n. [pi. indemni- 
 ties (-tiz)], security against loss, 
 damage, or punishment ; compensa- 
 tion for loss. 
 
 indent (-dent'), v.t. to make a dent 
 or depression in ; dent ; cut into 
 
 points like teeth ; notch ; bind out 
 by indenture, as an apprentice : n. 
 a notch in the margin ; a covenant. 
 
 indentation (-den-ta'shun), n. a 
 small hollow or depression, as from 
 a blow ; a dent or dint ; a notch or 
 recess in a margin. 
 
 indented ('ted), p.adj. notched in 
 the margin like a row of teeth ; ziz- 
 zag ; in heraldry, notched or ser- 
 rated. 
 
 indenture ('tur), n. a covenant or 
 deed, formerly in duplicate, with the 
 edges notched so as to correspond : 
 v.t. to bind by indenture, as an ap- 
 prentice. 
 
 independence (-de-pend'ans) , n. free- 
 dom from support or governance by 
 others ; a competency ; self-reliance. 
 
 Independence Day (da), July 4, 
 the anniversary of the Declaration 
 of Independence, observed as a na- 
 tional holiday. 
 
 independency ('en-si), n. independ- 
 ence ; the principles of the Independ- 
 ents. 
 
 independent ('ent), adj. not de- 
 pendent, supported by, or governed 
 by, another ; having a competency ; 
 not subject to bias or influence ; 
 free ; irrespective : n. one who sup- 
 ports measures or men independent- 
 ly of any organized party. 
 
 indestructibility ( -struk-ti-bil'i-ti ) , 
 n. incapability of being destroyed. 
 
 indestructible ('ti-bl), adj. not to 
 be destroyed. 
 
 indestructibly (-bli), adv. so as to 
 be indestructible. 
 
 indeterminate (-ter'min-at), adj. 
 not determinate, settled, or fixed ; 
 indefinite ; not precise ; having an 
 indefinite number of values or solu- 
 tions. 
 
 indeterminately (-li), adv. indefi- 
 nitely. 
 
 index ('deks), n. [pi. indexes (-ez), 
 indices ('di-sez)], that which points 
 out or indicates ; an alphabetical 
 table of the contents of a book ; the 
 figure or letter which shows the 
 power or root of a quantity ; the ex- 
 ponent : v.t. provide with an index. 
 
 index-finger (-fing'ger), n. the fore- 
 finger. 
 
 ate, arm, Ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, tften. 
 
ind 
 
 ind 
 
 IndiamaxL ('di-a-man), n. [pi. In- 
 diamen (-men)], a large vessel for- 
 merly employed in the India trade. 
 
 Indian ('di-an), adj. pertaining to 
 the Indies, to the West Indies or to 
 the American Indians ; made of 
 maize or Indian corn : n. an East 
 Indian, West Indian or Anglo-In- 
 dian ; one of the aborigines of Amer- 
 ica, or a Red Indian. 
 
 Indian corn (korn), n. a native 
 American plant, known as maize. 
 
 Indian-file (-fil), n. single file. 
 
 Indian red (red), n. sl silicate of 
 iron, imported from the Persian 
 Gulf. 
 
 india-rubber ( 'di-a-rub'er ) , n. caout- 
 chouc. 
 
 Indian summer (sum'er), n. sum- 
 mer-like weather, with calm and ab- 
 sence of rain, occurring in autumn. 
 
 Indian yellow (yel'o), n. a bright 
 yellow pigment. 
 
 indican (in'di-kan), n. a substance 
 obtained from the various indigo- 
 producing plants, decomposing, by 
 the action of acids, into sugar, in- 
 digo-blue, indigo-red, and indiglucin. 
 
 indicant ('di-kant), adj. indicating: 
 n. that which points out a remedy 
 for a disease. 
 
 indicate ('di-kat), v.t. to point out; 
 show ; suggest ; hint ; point out, as 
 a remedy. 
 
 indication (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
 indicating ; that which indicates ; 
 information ; token ; evidence ; sign ; 
 symptom. 
 
 indicative (-dik'a-tiv), adj. pointing 
 out ; bringing to notice ; noting that 
 mood of the verb which indicates, 
 predicates, or affirms : n. the indica- 
 tive mood. 
 
 indicatively (-li), adv. so as to in- 
 dicate. 
 
 indicator ('di-ka-ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, indicates ; the part of 
 an instrument by which an effect is 
 indicated, especially an apparatus 
 for ascertaining and recording the 
 variations of pressure or vacuum in 
 the cylinder of a steam engine. 
 
 indicatory (-ka-to-ri), adj. serving 
 to indicate. 
 
 indict (-dit'), v.t. to charge with a 
 
 crime, by the presentment of a grand 
 jury. 
 
 indictable ('a-bl), adj. liable to be 
 indicted; punishable. 
 
 indicter ('er), n. one who indicts. 
 Also indictor. 
 
 indictment ('ment), n. a written 
 accusation against a prisoner pre- 
 sented by a grand jury to a court. 
 
 indifference (-dif'er-ens), n. the 
 state of being indifferent ; impartial- 
 ity ; absence of preference or in- 
 terest ; unconcernedness ; unimpor- 
 tance ; condition of being indifferent 
 in character or quality ; mediocrity. 
 
 indifferent ('er-ent), adj. uncon- 
 cerned ; unimportant ; mediocre ; re- 
 gardless. 
 
 indigence ('di-jens), n. the state of 
 being indigent ; poverty ; want. Also 
 indigency. 
 
 indigene ('di-jen), n. a native; 
 aborigine. 
 
 indigenous (-dij'e-nus), adj. born or 
 produced in a country ; not exotic ; 
 not imported ; innate ; inherent ; 
 native. 
 
 indigent ('di-jent), adj. destitute; 
 needy. 
 
 indigested (-jest'ed), adj. undi- 
 gested, as food ; crude ; not softened 
 by heat. 
 
 indigestibility (-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being indigestible. 
 
 indigestible (-jest'i-bl), adj. not di- 
 gestible, physically or mentally. 
 
 indigestibly (-bli), adv. so as not 
 to be digested. 
 
 indigestion (-jes'chun), n. difficulty 
 in digesting food ; dyspepsia. 
 
 indignant (-dig'nant), adj. affected 
 with indignation ; inflamed with 
 mingled anger and disdain. 
 
 indignation (-na'shun), n. anger at 
 what is unworthy, unjust, dishonor- 
 able, or base ; anger mingled with 
 contempt or disgust. 
 
 indignity (-dig'ni-ti), n. [pi. indig- 
 nities (-tiz)], an action intended to 
 lower the dignity of another ; insult. 
 
 indigo ('di-go), n. a blue dye-stuff 
 obtained from the indigo plant by 
 decomposition of the glucoside in- 
 dican. 
 
 indirect (-di-rekf), adj. not straight 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ind 
 
 or rectilinear ; not directly result- 
 ing from a cause ; not reaching the 
 end aimed at by the most direct 
 method ; not straightforward or fair. 
 
 indiscreet (-dis-kref), adj. wanting 
 in discretion ; imprudent. 
 
 indiscretion (-dis-kresh'un), n. want 
 of discretion ; imprudence ; an im- 
 prudent act. 
 
 indiscriminate (-krim'i-nat), adj. 
 undistinguishing ; promiscuous. 
 
 indiscriminately (-li), adv. without 
 distinction. 
 
 indiscriminative ( -krim'in-a-tiv ) , 
 adj. making no distinction. 
 
 indispensability (-pens-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 incapability of being dispensed with. 
 
 indispensable ( 'a-bl ) , adj. that can- 
 not be dispensed with ; absolutely 
 necessary. 
 
 indispensably (-bli), adv. unavoid- 
 ably. 
 
 indispose (-dis-poz'), v.t. to disin- 
 cline ; unfit. 
 
 indisposed (-pozd'), adj. slightly ill 
 in health ; disinclined. 
 
 indisposition (-po-zish'un), n. slight 
 illness ; disinclination. 
 
 indisputability (-pu-ta-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being indisputable. 
 
 indisputable ('ta-bl), adj. too evi- 
 dent to admit of dispute ; unques- 
 tionable. 
 
 indisputably (-bli), adv. unques- 
 tionably. 
 
 indissolubility (o-lu-bil'i-ti), n. in- 
 capability of being dissolved or lique- 
 fied ; perpetuity of obligation. 
 
 indissoluble ('o-lii-bl), adj. not dis- 
 soluble or dissolvable. 
 
 indistinct (-dis-tingkf), adj. not 
 distinct to the senses or the mind ; 
 undefined ; indefinite ; confused. 
 
 indistinguishable ( -ting'gwish-a- 
 bl), adj. incapable of being distin- 
 guished, discriminated, or perceived. 
 
 indistinguishably (-bli), adv. so as 
 not to be distinguished. 
 
 indite (-dlt'), v.t. to compose; write. 
 
 indium ('di-um), n. a rare metallic 
 element found in zinc-blende. 
 
 individual (-di-vij'u-al), adj. exist- 
 ing as a single indivisible entity ; 
 pertaining to, or characteristic of, a 
 single person or thing : n. a single 
 person, animal, or thing. 
 
 ind 
 
 individualize ('u-al-Iz), v.t. to in- 
 vest with individuality ; distinguish. 
 
 individualism (-izm), n. the qual- 
 ity of being individual ; a social 
 system in which each individual 
 works for himself alone ; the theory 
 of government which discountenances 
 the interference of the state in the 
 affairs of the individual. 
 
 individualist (-ist), n. one who 
 holds the theory of individualism : 
 adj. individualistic. 
 
 individualistic (-is'tik), adj. per- 
 taining to individualism or to indi- 
 vidualists. 
 
 individuality (-al'i-ti), n. the con- 
 dition of being individual ; separate 
 or distinct existence; distinctive 
 character. 
 
 individually (-li), aav. separately; 
 personally. 
 
 individuate ('u-at), v.t. to mark as 
 distinct. 
 
 indivisibility (-viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 property of being indivisible. 
 
 indivisible ('i-bl),not separable into 
 parts : n. that which is indivisible ; 
 an element, infinitely small, assumed 
 to admit of no further division. 
 
 indi visibly (-bli), adv. so as to be 
 incapable of division. 
 
 Indo, a prefix meaning connected 
 with India, as Indo-Chinese, pertain- 
 ing to Indo-China. 
 
 indocile (in-dos'il), adj. unreach- 
 able; intractable. 
 
 indocility (-do-sil'i-ti), w. the qual- 
 ity of being indocile. 
 
 indoctrinate (-dok'tri-nat), v.t. to 
 imbue with learning, principles, or 
 doctrines. 
 
 Indo-European (-do-u-ro-pe'an) ,adj. 
 pertaining to the family of Aryan 
 languages extending from India over 
 Europe. 
 
 indolence ('do-lens), n. love of 
 ease ; indisposition to labor ; lazi- 
 ness ; supineness. 
 
 indolent (-lent), adj. indulging in 
 ease ; avoiding labor ; lazy. 
 
 indomitable (-dom'i-ta-bl), adj. un- 
 tamable ; irrepressible ; invincible. 
 
 indorse (-dors'), v.t. to write on the 
 back of, as a check, &c. ; sanction ; 
 approve. Also endorse. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ind 
 
 indorsee (-e'), n. a person to whom 
 a check, &c., is indorsed or assigned. 
 
 indorsement ('ment), n. the act of 
 writing on the back of a check, &c. ; 
 that which is so written; approval; 
 sanction. 
 
 indorser ('er), n. one who indorses. 
 Also indorsor. 
 
 indubitable (-du'bi-ta-bl), adj. too 
 evident to be doubted ; unquestion- 
 able. 
 
 indubitably (-bli), adv. beyond 
 doubt. 
 
 induce (dus'), v.t. to lead on; in- 
 fluence ; prevail upon ; bring on ; ef- 
 fect ; cause ; to infer by induction ; 
 produce by magnetic or electric in- 
 duction. 
 
 induced (-dust'), p. adj. caused by 
 induction. 
 
 inducement (-dus'ment), n. that 
 which induces ; motive ; in pleading, 
 an introductory statement. 
 
 inducible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
 being induced, caused, or inferred. 
 
 induct (-dukt'), v.t. to introduce; 
 install into an office ; put into pos- 
 session of a benefice. 
 
 inductance ('tans), n. the capacity 
 for induction possessed by an active 
 electric circuit on itself, or on 
 neighboring circuits. 
 
 induction (-duk'shun), n. the act of 
 inducting ; the introduction of a 
 person into an office ; the introduc- 
 tion of a clergyman into a benefice ; 
 the process of discovering and prov- 
 ing general propositions from par- 
 ticular cases ; conclusion drawn 
 from a process of induction ; elec- 
 trical or magnetic influence without 
 direct contact. 
 
 inductional ('shun-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or produced by, induction; 
 inductive. 
 
 inductive ('tiv), adj. proceeding by 
 induction ; producing induction ; 
 operating by induction ; susceptible 
 of being acted on by induction. 
 
 inductive philosophy (fil-os'6-fi), 
 n. the name given by Bacon to ex- 
 perimental science, or science found- 
 ed on induction. 
 
 inductive science (si'ens), n. any 
 branch of science which admits of, 
 
 ine 
 
 and employs, the inductive method. 
 
 inductivity (-tiv'i-ti), n. specific in- 
 ductive capacity. 
 
 induct ometer (-tom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring the degree 
 or rate of electric induction. 
 
 inductor ( 'ter ) , n. one who inducts ; 
 that part of an electric apoaratus 
 which acts inductively. 
 
 indue (-du'), v.t. to clothe or invest; 
 furnish ; supply ; endow. 
 
 indulge (-dulj'), v.t. to be kind or 
 complaisant to ; humor ; give free 
 course to : v.i. to gratify one's self. 
 
 indulgence ('ens), it. forbearance 
 from restraint or control ; permis- 
 sion ; license ; gratification ; excess ; 
 forbearance of present payment; 
 toleration. 
 
 indulgent Cent), adj. disposed to 
 indulge ; compliant ; showing favor ; 
 kind. 
 
 indulgently (-li), adv. with indul- 
 gence. 
 
 induline ('du-lin), n. a coal-tar dye- 
 stuff of a dark blue color. Also in- 
 dulin. 
 
 indurate ('du-rat), v.i. to grow 
 hard : v.t. to make hard ; render un- 
 feeling or obdurate. 
 
 industrial (-dus'tri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to productive industry. 
 
 industrialism ('tri-al-izm), n. a 
 state of society marked by the pre- 
 dominance of industrial pursuits. 
 
 industrially (-li), adv. with refer- 
 ence to industry or industrialism. 
 
 industrious ('tri-us), adj. character- 
 ized by diligence or industry; hard- 
 working. 
 
 industry ('dus-tri), n. [pi. industries 
 (-triz)], steady application to busi- 
 ness or labor ; productive labor ; an 
 industrial art; a particular branch 
 of work or trade. 
 
 inebriate (-e'bri-at), v.t. to make 
 drunk ; intoxicate ; intoxicate men- 
 tally or emotionally : n. an habitual 
 drunkard. 
 
 inebriation (-a'shun), n. intoxica- 
 tion. 
 
 inebriety (-bri'e-ti), n. intoxication, 
 especially habitual drunkenness. 
 
 ineffable (-ef'a-bl), adj. unspeaka- 
 ble; inexpressible; too sacred for 
 utterance. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ine 
 
 in© 
 
 ineffableness (-lies), n. unspeakable- 
 ness. 
 
 ineffably- (-bli), adv. unspeakably. 
 
 ineffective (-ef-ekt'iv), adj. not pro- 
 ducing the desired effect ; ineffectual. 
 
 ineffectively (-li), adv. without ef- 
 fect. 
 
 ineffectual ('u-al), adj. not produc- 
 ing the desired effect ; unavailing. 
 
 ineffectually (-li), adv. in vain. 
 
 inefficacy (-ef'i-ka-si), n. lack of ef- 
 ficacy. 
 
 inefficiency (-ish'en-si), n. incompe- 
 tency. 
 
 inefficient ('ent), adj. not producing, 
 or not capable of producing, the de- 
 sired effect ; incapable. 
 
 inelegance (-el'e-gans), n. [pi. inele- 
 gances (-gan-sez)], want of any 
 quality required by good taste ; some- 
 thing inelegant. 
 
 inelegant ('e-gant), adj. offensive to 
 good taste. 
 
 ineligibility (-el-i-ji-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being ineligible. 
 
 ineligible ('i-ji-bl), adj. unworthy of 
 choice ; unsuitable ; legally disqual- 
 ified for choice or election. 
 
 ineligibly (-bli), adv. in an ineligi- 
 ble manner. 
 
 ineptly (-ept'li), adv. unsuitably; 
 foolishly. 
 
 inequality (-e-kwal'i-ti), n. [pi. ine- 
 qualities (-tiz)], difference, especial- 
 ly of rank or station ; unevenness ; 
 changeableness ; inadequacy ; devia- 
 tion of a planet or satellite from its 
 uniform mean motion. 
 
 inequitable (-ek'wi-ta-bl), adj. not 
 according to equity ; unjust. 
 
 inequitably (-bli), adv. unjustly; 
 unfairly. 
 
 inequity ('wi-ti), n. lack of equity; 
 injustice. 
 
 inert (-ert'), adj. having no power 
 of motion or action ; lifeless ; slug- 
 gish. 
 
 inertia (-er'shi-a), n. lack of activ- 
 ity ; inertness ; sluggishness ; that 
 property of matter by virtue of 
 which it tends to remain at rest, if 
 resting, or to more uniformly in a 
 straight line, if moving (vis iner- 
 tia?). 
 
 inestimable (-es'ti-ma-bl), adj. not 
 
 to be estimated; beyond measure or 
 price ; incalculable ; invaluable. 
 
 inestimably (-bli), adv. above esti- 
 mation. 
 
 inevitability (-ev-i-ta-bil'i-ti), n. 
 impossibility of being avoided. Also 
 inevitableness. 
 
 inevitable (-ev'i-ta-bl), adj. not to 
 be evaded ; unavoidable. 
 
 inevitably (-bli), adv. unavoidably. 
 
 inexact (-egz-akt'), adj. not precise, 
 correct, accurate, or punctual. 
 
 inexactness (-nes), n. want of pre- 
 cision. 
 
 inexcusable (-eks-kti'za-bl), adj. in- 
 capable of being excused ; unpardon- 
 able. 
 
 inexcusably (-bli), adv. without ex- 
 cuse. 
 
 inexhaustible (-egs-awst'i-bl), adj. 
 not to be exhausted or spent; un- 
 failing; unwearied. 
 
 inexhaustibly (-bli), adv. in an in- 
 exhaustible manner or degree. 
 
 inexorability (-eks-o-ra-bil'i-ti), n. 
 incapability of being moved by 
 prayers. Also inexorableness. 
 
 inexorable ( 'o-ra-bl ) , adj. not to be 
 moved by prayers ; unyielding ; un- 
 relenting. 
 
 inexorably (-bli), adv. inflexibly. 
 
 inexpediency (-pe'di-en-si), n. un- 
 suitableness ; inadvisability. Also 
 inexpedience. 
 
 inexpedient ('di-ent), adj. unsuita- 
 ble to circumstances ; inadvisable. 
 
 inexpensive (-pen'siv), adj. cheap. 
 
 inexperience (-pe'ri-ens), n. want 
 of experience, or of the knowledge 
 that comes by experience. 
 
 inexperienced (-enst), adj. lacking 
 experience ; unpracticed ; unskilled ; 
 unversed. 
 
 inexpert (-pert'), adj. unskilled; 
 lacking the knowledge or dexterity 
 derived from practice. 
 
 inexpiable ('pi-a-bl), adj. that can- 
 not be expiated, atoned for, or sat- 
 isfied. 
 
 inexplicable ( 'pli-ka-bl ) , adj. not to 
 be explained, made plain, or intelli- 
 gible ; not to be interpreted or ac- 
 counted for. 
 
 inexplicably (-bli), adv. so as not 
 to be explained. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 D. 30. book; hue, but; think, then. 
 
ine 
 
 inexplosive (-plo'siv), adj. not lia- 
 ble to explode. 
 
 inexpressible (-pres'i-bl), adj. inca- 
 pable of being expressed, uttered, or 
 described. 
 
 inexpressibly (-bli), adv. unspeaka- 
 bly. 
 
 inexpressive (-pres'iv), adj. lacking 
 expression or distinct significance. 
 
 inextensibility (-ten-si-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being inextensible. 
 
 inextensible ('si-bl), adj. that can- 
 not be extended or stretched. 
 
 inextinguishable ( -ting'gwish-a-bl ) , 
 adj. unquenchable. 
 
 inextinguishably (-bli), adv. so as 
 not to be extinguished. 
 
 inextricable ( 'tri-ka-bl ) , adj. not ex- 
 tricable ; not permitting extrication ; 
 not to be freed from intricacy or 
 perplexity. 
 
 inextricably (-bli), adv. beyond dis- 
 entanglement. 
 
 infallibility (-bil'i-ti), n. the qual- 
 ity of being infallible. 
 
 infallible (-fal'i-bl), adj. incapable 
 of erring ; unerring ; certain ; un- 
 failing. 
 
 infallibly (-bli), adv. without error 
 or failure. 
 
 infamous ('fa-mus), adj. having a 
 notoriously bad reputation ; odious ; 
 scandalous. 
 
 infamously (-li), adv. shamefully; 
 wickedly. 
 
 infamy ('fa-mi), n. infamous charac- 
 ter ; public disgrace ; ignominy. 
 
 infancy ('fan-si), n. the state of be- 
 ing an infant ; early •childhood ; the 
 first age of anything ; in law, the 
 period of life from birth to the age 
 of twenty-one. 
 
 infant ('fant) , n. a young child ; pop- 
 ularly a child under two years ; in 
 law, a person who has not attained 
 his legal majority, or the age of 
 twenty-one : adj. pertaining to in- 
 fancy, or to the legal period of in- 
 fancy ; infantile ; incipient. 
 
 inf anticidal ( 'ti-si-dal ) , adj. pertain- 
 ing to infanticide. 
 
 infanticide ('ti-sid), n. the murder 
 of an infant born alive ; one who 
 kills an infant. 
 
 infantile ('fan-til), adj. pertaining 
 
 inf 
 
 to infants or infancy ; child-like ; 
 childish. 
 
 infantry ('fan-tri), n. foot soldiers, 
 except engineers and men of the 
 army service corps. 
 
 inf are ('far), n. a housewarming. 
 
 infatuate (-fat'u-at), v.t. to make 
 extravagantly foolish ; to inspire 
 with fatuous passion. 
 
 infatuation (-u-a'shun), n. extrava- 
 gant folly ; fatuous passion. 
 
 infect (-fekt'), v.t. to communicate 
 some (especially bad) quality to; 
 taint, especially with disease, physi- 
 cal or moral. 
 
 infection (-fek'shun), n. the act of 
 infecting ; that which infects ; con- 
 taminating ; taint ; communication 
 of disease from the sick to the 
 healthy ; an infectious disease. 
 
 infectious ('shus), adj. communica- 
 ble by infection ; sympathetic ; com- 
 municating infection ; demoralizing. 
 
 infecundity (-fe-kun'di-ti), n. bar- 
 renness. 
 
 infelicitous (-fe-lis'i-tus), adj. un- 
 fortunate; unhappy; inappropriate; 
 ill-timed. 
 
 infelicity (-lis'i-ti), n. [pi. infelici- 
 ties (-tiz)], misfortune; unhappi- 
 ness ; inappropriateness ; an infelici- 
 tous act or expression. 
 
 infelt ('felt), adj. felt within; heart- 
 felt. 
 
 infer (-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. inferred, 
 p.pr. inferring], to derive by induc- 
 tion or deduction ; accept as a fact 
 or consequence ; imply : v.i. to con- 
 clude. 
 
 inferable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing inferred. 
 
 inference ('fer-ens), n. the act of in- 
 ferring ; the conclusion ; deduction ; 
 induction. 
 
 inferential (-en'shal), adj. having 
 the nature of an inference ; deduced 
 by inference. 
 
 inferentially (-li), adv. by way of 
 inference. 
 
 inferior ('ri-er), adj. lower in place, 
 rank, or quality ; secondary ; subor- 
 dinate ; between the earth and the 
 sun ; below the horizon ; growing be- 
 low another organ : n. one who ranks 
 below another ; a subordinate. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
inf 
 
 Inf 
 
 inferiority (-ri-or'i-ti) , n. lower state 
 or quality. 
 
 infernal (-fer'nal), adj. pertaining 
 to the Tartarus of the ancients, the 
 lower regions, or regions of the 
 dead ; pertaining to or resembling 
 hell ; hellish ; diabolical ; fiendish ; 
 outrageous. 
 
 infernally (-li), adv. in an infernal 
 manner. 
 
 infernal machine (ma-shen'), n. an 
 apparatus maliciously designed to 
 explode to the destruction of life or 
 property. 
 
 inferno ('no), n. [pi. inferni ('ne)], 
 a place or position of torment. 
 
 infest (-fest'), v.t. to attack; haunt; 
 overrun. 
 
 infidel ('fi-del), adj. rejecting all re- 
 ligion ; rejecting a religion which 
 claims to be divinely revealed, espe- 
 cially the Christian religion ; mani- 
 festing unbelief : n. one who rejects 
 Christianity as a divine revelation ; 
 formerly, a Mohammedan, Jew, or 
 heathen. 
 
 infidelity (-del'i-ti), n. [pi. infideli- 
 ties (-tiz)], disbelief in all religion, 
 especially disbelief in Christianity ; 
 breach of trust ; violation of the 
 marriage contract by adultery. 
 
 infield ('feld), n. in baseball, the 
 space within the base line, 30 yds. 
 X 30 yds. 
 
 infiltration (-fil-tra'shun), n. the act 
 of infiltrating ; that which infil- 
 trates ; morbid condition of an organ 
 due to accumulation of substances 
 introduced from without. 
 
 infinite ('fibnit), adj. indefinitely ex- 
 tensive ; immeasurable : n. the Infi- 
 nite Being ; the Absolute ; the Un- 
 conditioned ; a quantity greater or 
 less than any assignable quantity of 
 the same kind ; an indeterminate. 
 
 infinitely (-li), adv. beyond any con- 
 ceivable degree ; vastly. 
 
 infiniteness (-nes), n. infinity; im- 
 mensity. 
 
 infinitesimal ( -fin-i-tes'i-mal ) , adj. 
 infinitely small : n. a quantity less 
 than any assignable quantity. 
 
 infinitesimally (-li), adv. by infini- 
 tesimals ; in infinitely small quanti- 
 ties ; in an infinitesimal degree. 
 
 infinitive (-fin'i-tiv), adj. the term 
 
 applied to that verb-form which sim- 
 ply expresses the general sense of 
 the verb without limitation to person 
 or number : n. the infinitive mood ; a 
 verb in the infinitive mood. 
 
 infinitude ('i-tud), n. the state of 
 being infinite ; unlimited extent ; in- 
 finity. 
 
 infinity ('i-ti), n. [pi. infinities 
 (-tiz)], the state of being infinite; 
 unlimited extent of time, space, or 
 quantity; absolute perfection; an 
 infinite quantity. 
 
 infirm (-ferm'), adj. feeble in body 
 or health ; weak-minded ; vacillat- 
 ing ; insecure ; debilitated ; irreso- 
 lute ; precarious. 
 
 infirmary ('ma-ri), n. [pi. infirma- 
 ries (-riz)], a hospital for the sick 
 and injured. 
 
 infirmity ('mi-ti), n. [pi. infirmities 
 (-tiz)], the state of being infirm; 
 debility ; imbecility ; weakness of 
 body or of mind ; malady ; failing ; 
 foible. 
 
 infix (-fiks'), v.t. to fix or fasten in; 
 implant; insert: (in'fiks) n. some- 
 thing infixed ; an element equivalent 
 to a prefix or suffix inserted in the 
 body of a word. 
 
 inflame (-flam'), v.t. to set on fire; 
 fire with passion ; excite ; provoke ; 
 irritate ; put into a state of inflam- 
 mation : v.i. to become inflamed. 
 
 inflamed (-flamd'), p.adj. heated; ex- 
 asperated ; in heraldry, represented 
 as burning, or decorated with tongues 
 of flame. 
 
 inflammability (-flam-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality or state of being inflam- 
 mable. 
 
 inflammable ('a-bl), adj. easily set 
 on flame ; combustible ; easily ex- 
 cited ; excitable. 
 
 inflammably (-bli), adv. in an in- 
 flammable manner. 
 
 inflammation (-a/shun), n. a mor- 
 bid process, characterized, when ex- 
 ternal, by pain, redness, heat, and 
 swelling. 
 
 inflammatory ('a-to-ri), adj. tend- 
 ing to excite passion, tumult, or se- 
 dition ; tending to produce, accompa- 
 nied by, or indicative of, inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
inf 
 
 inflatable (-flat'a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being inflated. 
 
 inflate (-flat'), v.t. to swell, or dis- 
 tend, with air or gas ; puff tip ; 
 elate ; expand or raise artificially, as 
 prices. 
 
 inflationist (-fla'shun-ist), n. one in 
 favor of an increased issue of paper 
 money. 
 
 inflator ('ter), n. a mechanical appli- 
 ance for producing inflation. 
 
 inflatus (-fla'tus), n. inspiration; af- 
 flatus. 
 
 inflect (flekt'), v.t. bend; turn from 
 a direct line ; modulate ; vary the 
 terminations of ; decline ; conjugate : 
 v.i. to undergo grammatical change 
 of termination. 
 
 inflected ('ed), p.adj. bent or turned 
 from a direct line or course ; having 
 inflections ; bent or turned inward 
 or downward. 
 
 inflection (-flek'shun), n. a bend or 
 bending ; modulation of the voice ; 
 variation of nouns, verbs, &c, by 
 declension and conjugation ; diffrac- 
 tion of light or heat. Also inflexion. 
 
 inflectional (-al), adj. exhibiting 
 grammatical inflections. Also in- 
 flexional. 
 
 inflective (-flek'tiv), adj. capable of 
 bending. 
 
 inflex ( fleks' ) , v.t. to inflect ; curve 
 inward. 
 
 inflexibility (-fleks-i-bil'i-ti), n. in- 
 capability of being bent ; stiffness ; 
 obstinacy. 
 
 inflexible ('i-bl), adj. not to be bent ; 
 rigid ; stiff ; not to be moved by 
 prayers ; inexorable ; not to be varied 
 or changed ; unalterable ; stubborn. 
 
 inflexibleness (-nes), n. the quality 
 of being inflexible. 
 
 inflexibly (-bli), adv. rigidly; inex- 
 orably. 
 
 inflict (-flikf), v.t. to cause by, or as 
 if by, striking ; cause to be suffered ; 
 impose as a punishment. 
 
 inflorescence (-flo-res'ens), n. the 
 mode or principle of floral arrange- 
 ment exhibited by any species of 
 plant ; a group of flowers arising 
 upon a common main axis. 
 
 influence ('flu-ens), n. energy or po- 
 tency tending to produce effects in- 
 
 inf 
 
 sensibly and invisibly ; power arising 
 from character or station ; electrical 
 induction : v.t. to exercise influence 
 on, physically or morally. 
 
 influential (-flu-en'shal), adj. having 
 or exerting influence. 
 
 influentially (-li), adv. so as to in- 
 fluence. 
 
 influenza (-flu-en'za), n. an epidemic 
 catarrh accompanied by fever, pains, 
 and nervous prostration. 
 
 influx ( 'fluks ) , n. an inflow ; infusion ; 
 continuous importation ; the point at 
 which a stream flows into another or 
 into the sea. 
 
 inform (-form'), v.t. to animate; 
 mold ; instruct ; apprise : v.i. to give 
 information. 
 
 informal ('al), adj. not according to 
 form, custom, or rule ; irregular ; un- 
 ceremonious ; deficient in legal form. 
 
 informality ('i-ti), n. [pi. informali- 
 ties (-tiz)], want of regular, custo- 
 mary, or legal form. 
 
 informally (-li), adv. in an informal 
 manner. 
 
 informant ('ant), n. one who gives 
 information. 
 
 information ( f 6r-ma'shun ) , n. com- 
 municated knowledge or intelligence ; 
 a suit instituted on behalf of the 
 government ; a declaration made be- 
 fore a magistrate to induce him to 
 issue a summons or warrant. 
 
 informer (-fOrm'er), n. one who in- 
 forms a magistrate of a violation of 
 the law, or sues for a penalty under 
 some statute. 
 
 infra, a prefix, meaning below, fur- 
 ther on, as infra-axillary, situated 
 below the axil. 
 
 infraction (-frak'shun), n. a viola- 
 tion, or breach, especially of law ; 
 infringement. 
 
 infrangible (-fran'ji-bl), adj. that 
 cannot be broken, separated, or vio- 
 lated ; inviolable. 
 
 infrequence (-fre'kwens), n. the 
 state of being infrequent; rareness. 
 Also infrequency. 
 
 infrequent ('kwent), adj. seldom oc- 
 curring. 
 
 infringe (-frinj'), v.t. to violate or 
 break, as a law : v.i. to encroach : 
 followed by on or upon. 
 
 infringement ('ment), n. violation 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
inf 
 
 ini 
 
 or breach, as of a law, patent, trade- 
 mark, &c. 
 
 infuriate (-fu'ri-at), v.t. to enrage; 
 madden. _ 
 
 infuse (-fuz'), v.t. to introduce, as by 
 pouring- ; instil ; make an infusion of. 
 
 infusibility (-i-bil'i-ti), n. capability 
 of infusion. 
 
 infusible (-fuz'i-bl), adj. capable of 
 being infused. 
 
 infusion (-fu'zhun), n. a. pouring in, 
 or something poured in or mingled ; 
 instillation, as of good principles ; a 
 liquid extract obtained by steeping 
 a vegetable substance in hot or cold 
 water without boiling. 
 
 ingate ('gat), n. the aperture in a 
 mold through which the melted met- 
 al enters. 
 
 ingenious (je'nius), adj. having in- 
 genuity or inventive skill ; clever. 
 
 ingenue (ang-zha-noo'), n. an artless 
 girl or young woman ; an actress 
 who acts such a character in a play. 
 
 ingenuity (in-je-nu'i-ti), n. clever- 
 ness in contriving or inventing ; skill. 
 
 ingenuous (in-jen'u-us), adj. frank; 
 open ; sincere : artless ; candid. 
 
 inglorious (-glo'ri-us), adj. without 
 glory ; disgraceful ; shameful. 
 
 ingot ('got), n. a cast mass of metal. 
 
 ingrain (-gran'), v.t. to dye with 
 grain or kermes ; dye with any deep, 
 lasting color ; impregnate deeply : 
 adj. (in'gran), dyed prior to being 
 manufactured: n. (in'gran), a car- 
 pet made of cotton warps and wool 
 filling. 
 
 ingratiate (-gra'shi-at), v.t. to in- 
 sinuate (one's self) into the favor of 
 another ; secure favorable reception 
 for (with into). 
 
 ingratitude ( -grat'i-tud ) , n. absence 
 of gratitude ; insensibility to kind- 
 ness. 
 
 ingredient (-gre'di-ent), n. a compo- 
 nent part of a compound body ; part. 
 
 ingress ('gres), n. entrance. 
 
 ingulf, same as engulf. 
 
 inhabit (-hab'it), v.t. to dwell in; 
 occupy as a place of residence : v.i. 
 to reside ; remain. 
 
 inhabitable ('it-a-bl), adj. fit for 
 habitation. 
 
 inbabitance ('it-ans), n. occupancy ; 
 residence. Also inhabitancy. 
 
 inhabitant ('it-ant), n. one who, or 
 that which, inhabits; a permanent 
 resident. 
 
 inhabitation (-i-ta'shun), n. the act 
 of inhabiting ; continued residence. 
 
 inhalant (-ha'lant), n. an apparatus 
 for inhaling ; that which is inhaled. 
 
 inhalation (-la/shun), n. the act of 
 inhaling ; inspiration. 
 
 inhale (-Ml'), v.t. to draw into the 
 lungs. 
 
 inharmonious (-har-mo'ni-us), adj. 
 unmusical ; discordant. 
 
 inhere (-her'), v.i. to be fixed or exist 
 in something else ; be an essential 
 part of. 
 
 inherence ('ens), n. the state of be- 
 ing inherent. Also inherency. 
 
 inherent ('ent), adj. existing insep- 
 arably in something else ; innate. 
 
 inherit (-her'it), v.t. to possess from 
 an ancestor by right of succession ; 
 receive by nature from one's ances- 
 tors ; become divinely endowed with : 
 v.i. to come into possession of prop- 
 erty as the heir. 
 
 inheritance (-ans), n. the act of in- 
 heriting ; that which is inherited ; a 
 possession. 
 
 inhibit (-hib'it), v.t. to restrain ; pro- 
 hibit; interdict; prohibit (a priest) 
 from exercising his spiritual func- 
 tions. 
 
 inhospitable (-hos'pi-ta-bl), adj. not 
 hospitable ; affording no shelter ; 
 barren ; cheerless. 
 
 inhuman (-hu'man), adj. cruel; un- 
 feeling. 
 
 inhumanity (-man'i-ti), n. [pi. in- 
 humanities (-tiz)], the quality of 
 being inhuman ; cruelty. 
 
 inhume (-hum'), v.t. to bury; inter. 
 
 inimical (-im'i-kal), adj. hostile; ad- 
 verse. 
 
 inimically (-li), adv. hostilely ; ad- 
 versely. 
 
 inimitable ('i-ta-bl), adj. matchless. 
 
 inimitably (-bli), adv. in an inimi- 
 table manner. 
 
 iniquitous (-ik'kwi-tus), adj. wicked ; 
 unjust. 
 
 iniquity ('kwi-ti), n. [pi. iniquities 
 (-tiz)], wickedness; injustice; un- 
 righteousness ; crime ; evil. 
 
 initial (-ish'al), adj. placed at the 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ini 
 
 beginning; incipient: n. a letter 
 placed at the beginning of a word, 
 &c. : pi. the first letters of a per- 
 son's name placed separately : v.f. to 
 mark with an initial. 
 
 initiate ('i-at), v.t. to instruct in the 
 first principles of anything ; set on 
 foot ; bring in ; acquaint with mys- 
 teries or secrets. 
 
 initiation (-i-a'shun), n. the act of 
 initiating; formal admission. 
 
 initiative ('i-a-tiv), adj. introduc- 
 tory : n. an introductory or first 
 step ; power of commencing, espe- 
 cially legislative projects. 
 
 initiator ('i-a-ter), n. one who ini- 
 tiates. 
 
 initiatory ('i^-to-ri), adj. introduc- 
 tory. 
 
 inject (-jekt'), 1\*. to throw or cast 
 in ; introduce, as a liquid, by me- 
 chanical means. 
 
 injecta (-jek'ta), n.pl. things injected. 
 
 injector ('ter), n. one who, or that 
 which, injects, especially an appa- 
 ratus for filling the boilers of steam- 
 engines with water. 
 
 injudicious (-ju-dish'us), adj. not 
 judicious ; indiscreet ; unwise. 
 
 injunction (-jungk'shun), n. the act 
 of enjoining ; that which is enjoined ; 
 command, order, or precept ; a writ 
 of equity or prohibition to restrain 
 certain proceedings. 
 
 injure ('jur), v.t. to hurt; harm; 
 damage, physically or morally. 
 
 injurious (-joo'ri-us), adj. hurtful, 
 physically or morally ; unjust ; detri- 
 mental. 
 
 injury ('joo-ri), n. [pi. injuries 
 (-iz)], that which occasions harm 
 morally or physically; detriment; 
 loss ; damage. 
 
 injustice (-jus'tis), n. the quality of 
 being unjust ; violation of another's 
 rights ; injury ; wrong. 
 
 ink (ingk), n. a fluid or viscous ma- 
 terial used for writing, printing, &c. : 
 v.t. to spread ink upon ; color or 
 blacken with ink. 
 
 inkiness (*i-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing inky. 
 
 inkling ('ling), n. an intimation; 
 hint. 
 
 inky ('ki), adj. consisting of, or like, 
 ink ; discolored with ink ; black. 
 
 inn 
 
 inland (in'land), adj. pertaining to, 
 or situated in, the interior of a 
 country ; remote from the sea ; not 
 foreign :_adj. towards the interior. 
 
 inlay (-la'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. inlaid, 
 p.pr. inlaying], to ornament (a sur- 
 face) by laying in pieces of ivory, 
 wood, metal, &c. : n. materials for 
 inlaying. 
 
 inlet (-let'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. inlet, 
 p.pr. inletting], to inlay; insert: n. 
 (in'let), an entrance; a small bay 
 or creek. 
 
 inly ('li), adv. inwardly; secretly. 
 
 inmost ('most), adj. deepest within. 
 Also innermost. 
 
 inn (in), n. a house for the reception 
 and entertainment of travelers ; tav- 
 ern ; in England, a college of com- 
 mon law professors and students. 
 
 innate ('nat), adj. inborn; native. 
 
 inner ('er), adj. internal; interior; 
 esoteric : n. that part of a target 
 which is between the outer and the 
 bull's-eye. 
 
 innervation (-er-va'shun), n. the ar- 
 rangement of nervous filaments in 
 the body ; special activity or stim- 
 ulus in any part of the nervous sys- 
 tem. 
 
 innings ('ings), n.pl. the turn of a 
 side or player to bat ; lands re- 
 claimed from the sea. 
 
 innocence ('o-sens), n. freedom from 
 guilt ; purity ; simplicity of heart ; 
 harmlessness ; mental imbecility. 
 Also innocency. 
 
 innocent ('6-sent), adj. free from 
 guilt or wrong-doing ; blameless ; 
 pure in heart and life ; weak in in- 
 tellect. 
 
 innocuous (-nok'u-us), adj. harm- 
 less. 
 
 innovate ('o-vat), v.i. to make alter- 
 ations or changes in something al- 
 ready established ; introduce new 
 things. 
 
 innovator ('o-va-ter), n. one who in- 
 troduces, or seeks to introduce, new 
 things. 
 
 innoxious (-nok'shus), n. harmless. 
 
 innuendo (-u-en'do), n. [pi. innuen- 
 dos, -does (-doz)], an oblique hint 
 or insinuation. 
 
 innumerability (-nu-mer-a-bil'i-ti) , 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. J 
 
inn 
 
 ins 
 
 n. the state of being innumerable. 
 Also innumerableness. 
 
 innumerable ( 'mer-a-bl ) , adj. that 
 cannot be counted : very numerous. 
 
 innumerably (-bli), adv. without 
 number. 
 
 innutritions (-trish'us), adj. not af- 
 fording nutrition or nourishment. 
 
 inocarpus (-o-kar'pus), adj. having 
 fibrous fruit. 
 
 inoculate (-ok'u-lat), v.t. to commu- 
 nicate a disease to by the insertion 
 of infectious matter into the system ; 
 graft on by the insertion of buds : 
 v.i. to practice inoculation ; graft by 
 the insertion of buds. 
 
 inoculator ('ter), n. one who inocu- 
 lates. 
 
 inordinate (-6r'di-nat), adj. immod- 
 erate ; excessive. 
 
 inordinately (-li), adv. immoder- 
 ately. 
 
 inorganic (-gan'ik), adj. destitute of 
 organs ; not produced by living or- 
 ganisms. Also inorganical. 
 
 inorganically (-al-li), adv. without 
 organs. 
 
 inquest ('kwest), n. a coroner's in- 
 quiry with a jury into the cause of 
 a sudden death from any cause ; a 
 judicial inquiry. 
 
 inquire (-kwir'), v.i. to seek for or 
 after by questions ; make inquiry 
 (with for, into, after, aoout). 
 
 inquiry (-kwir'i), n. [pi. inquiries 
 ('iz)], the act of inquiring; search 
 by question ; investigation ; ques- 
 tion ; research. 
 
 inquisition (-kwi-zish'un), n. in- 
 quiry ; examination ; a judicial in- 
 quiry in criminal matters. 
 
 inquisitive (-kwis'i-tiv), adj. given 
 to asking questions ; prying ; curious. 
 
 inquisitor ( 'i-ter ) , n. one who makes 
 inquiries or investigates. 
 
 inquisitorial (-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
 taining to an inquisitor or to his 
 office ; prying. 
 
 inroad ('rod), n. a hostile incursion. 
 
 insane (-san'), adj. mentally de- 
 ranged ; mad ; irrational ; very fool- 
 ish. 
 
 insanity (-san'i-ti), n. derangement 
 of mind or intellect ; lunacy ; mad- 
 
 insatiability (-sa-shi-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being insatiable. 
 
 insatiable ('shi-a-bl), adj. that can- 
 not be satisfied or appeased. 
 
 inscribe (-skrlb'), v.t. to write or 
 engrave upon ; address in a formal 
 dedication; draw (one figure within 
 another). 
 
 inscription (-skrip'shun), n. the act 
 of inscribing ; that which is in- 
 scribed ; a dedicatory address ; entry 
 in a roll or register. 
 
 inscriptive ('tiv), adj. inscribed. 
 
 inscrutability ( -skroo-ta-bil'i-ti ) , n. 
 the quality of being inscrutable. 
 
 inscrutable ('ta-bl), adj. not to be 
 penetrated by inquiry or reason ; 
 incomprehensible. 
 
 insect ('sekt), n. one of a numerous 
 class of articulate animals, the In- 
 secta ; anything very minute or con- 
 temptible. 
 
 Insecta (-sek'ta), n.pl. a class of ar- 
 ticulate animals haying 3 pairs of 
 legs, 2 pairs of wings, and the body 
 divided into 3 segments — head, tho- 
 rax, and abdomen. 
 
 insecticide ('ti-sid), n. a powder for 
 destroying insects. 
 
 insensate (-sen'sat), adj. destitute 
 of sense or mental perception ; soul- 
 less ; mad ; brutish. 
 
 insensibility (-si-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being insensible ; apathy. 
 
 insensible ('si-bl), adj. that cannot 
 be felt or perceived mentally or 
 physically; heedless; callous; sense- 
 less. 
 
 insert (-sert'), v.t. to place in or 
 among ; introduce into. 
 
 insertion (-ser'shun), n. the act of 
 inserting; that which is inserted, as 
 lace or embroidery in a garment, 
 words in writing, &c. 
 
 inset ('set), n. a leaf or leaves in- 
 serted in a newspaper, magazine, 
 &c. : v.t. ( in-set') to set in; im- 
 plant. 
 
 inshore ('shor), adv. near or towards 
 the shore. 
 
 inside ('sid), adj. interior; being 
 within : adv. & prep, within ; in less 
 time or space : n. that which is with- 
 in ; inner part ; contents ; entrails ; 
 an inside passenger. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
Ins 
 
 insidious (sid'i-us), adj. treacher- 
 ous ; deceitful ; operating secretly. 
 
 insight ('sit), n. penetration; intui- 
 tion. 
 
 insignia (-sig'ni-a), n.pl. badges of 
 honor or office. 
 
 insignificance (-nif'i-kans), n. un- 
 importance. Also insignificancy. 
 
 insignificant ('i-kant), adj. without 
 importance, force, influence, or 
 meaning ; trivial ; contemptible. 
 
 insinuate ('u-at), v.t. to ingratiate, 
 as into the confidence or affections 
 of ; suggest or hint indirectly ; intro- 
 duce as by a winding motion ; worm 
 in : v.i. work one's self into the con- 
 fidence or affection of another. 
 
 insinuating (-ing), p.adj. character- 
 ized by insinuation ; gently gaining 
 favor ; hinting slyly. 
 
 insinuation (-u-a'shun), n. the act 
 of insinuating; an indirect or sly 
 hint. 
 
 insipid (-sip'id), adj. without flavor; 
 tasteless. 
 
 insipidity ('i-ti), n. the quality of 
 being insipid. 
 
 insist (-sisf), v.i. to urge or press, 
 as a wish or command ; be persistent 
 or peremptory. 
 
 insistence ('ens), n. the act of in- 
 sisting. Also insistency. 
 
 insistent ('ent), adj. urgent; con- 
 spicuous ; entirely on the ground, as 
 the hind toe of a bird; supported 
 by something else. 
 
 insobriety (-so-brl'i-ti), n. intemper- 
 ance. 
 
 insolence ('so-lens), n. contemptu- 
 ous or overbearing language or man- 
 ner ; offensive impertinence ; insult- 
 ing behavior. 
 
 insolent ('so-lent), adj. overbearing 
 or contemptuously offensive to oth- 
 ers ; insulting ; grossly rude. 
 
 insolubility (-sol-u-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being insoluble. 
 
 insoluble ('u-bl), adj. that cannot 
 be dissolved ; not soluble ; inexplica- 
 ble. 
 
 insolvency ('ven-si), n. [pi. insol- 
 vencies (-siz)], the state of being 
 insolvent. 
 
 insolvent ('vent), adj. unable to pay 
 all debts ; bankrupt : n. one who can- 
 not pay all his debts; a bankrupt. 
 
 insomnia (-som'ni-a), n. sleepless- 
 ness. 
 
 inspect (-spekf), v.t. to examine 
 critically ; test officially ; superin- 
 tend. 
 
 inspection (-spek'shun), n. the act 
 of inspecting; careful or critical 
 scrutiny. 
 
 inspector ('ter), n. one who inspects 
 or oversees ; an official who superin- 
 tends some matter of public inter- 
 est ; a police officer ranking next 
 below a superintendent. 
 
 inspiration (-spi-ra'shun), n. the 
 act of drawing air into the lungs ; 
 creative influence of genius; elevat- 
 ing influence derived from associa- 
 tion with great minds, scenery, &c. ; 
 the supernatural influence of the 
 Holy Spirit on sacred writers and 
 teachers. 
 
 inspiratory (-spir'-a-to-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to inspiration. 
 
 inspire (-spir'), v.t. to draw (air) 
 into the lungs ; breathe into ; imbue 
 with ideas ; exhilarate or enliven ; 
 communicate officially : v.i. to inhale 
 air or any other influence. 
 
 inspirit (-spir'it), v.t. to infuse spirit 
 into ; animate ; exhilarate ; cheer. 
 
 inspissate (-spis'at), v.t. to thicken 
 by boiling or evaporation. 
 
 instability (-sta-bil'i-ti), n. want of 
 stability or firmness ; inconstancy ; 
 fickleness. 
 
 install (-stawl'), v.t. to place or in- 
 state in an office or rank. 
 
 installation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
 installing; induction of a minister 
 of a non-episcopal church to a 
 charge; introduction of machinery 
 for use. 
 
 installment ('ment), n. the act of 
 installing; payment of part of a 
 sum of money due ; one of a number 
 of parts of anything produced. 
 
 instance ('stans), v.t. to refer to, 
 or offer as an example : n. something 
 offered as an illustration or exam- 
 ple; earnest solicitation. 
 
 instant ('stant), adj. urgent; imme- 
 diate ; passing ; current : n. a par- 
 ticular moment of time; point of 
 duration. 
 
 instantaneous (-tan-ta'ne-us), adj. 
 
 Ate, firm, ask, at, awl; m§, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ins 
 
 acting or occurring in a moment ; 
 position at a particular moment. 
 
 instant er (-stan'ter), adv. imme- 
 diately. 
 
 instantly (-stant'li), adv. at once. 
 
 instate (-stat')» v.t. to put in office 
 or rank. 
 
 instead (-sted'), adv. in room or 
 place : followed by of. 
 
 instep ('step), n. the arched fore- 
 part of the upper side of the human 
 foot ; that part of a horse's hind-leg 
 which reaches from the ham to the 
 pastern-joint. 
 
 instigate ('sti-gat), v.t. to provoke 
 or urge on (in a bad sense) ; incite. 
 
 instigator (-ga'ter), n. one who in- 
 stigates. 
 
 instil (-stil'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. in- 
 stilled, p.pr. instilling], to insinuate 
 gradually, as if by drops; pour in 
 by drops. 
 
 instinct ('stingkt), adj. animated; 
 stimulated from within : n. natural 
 impulse in animals. 
 
 instinctive (-stingk'tiv), adj. acting 
 or prompted by instinct; spontane- 
 ous. 
 
 institute ('sti-tut), v.t. to establish; 
 set up ; fix ; originate ; set in opera- 
 tion ; ordain ; invest with the spir- 
 itual part of a benefice : n. estab- 
 lished law ; a maxim or principle ; 
 scientific or literary society : pi. a 
 book of laws or principles, especially 
 Roman laws. 
 
 institution (-tu'shun), n. the act of 
 instituting; that which is instituted 
 or established ; a corporate body or 
 society for promoting a particular 
 object ; the building where such a 
 society meets. 
 
 institutional (-al), adj. pertaining 
 to institutions ; elementary. 
 
 institutor ( 'sti-tu-ter ) , n. a founder ; 
 a cleric appointed by the bishop to 
 institute a clergyman into a spir- 
 itual benefice. 
 
 instruct (-strukt'), v.t. to teach; 
 educate; furnish with orders or di- 
 rections. 
 
 instruction (-struk'shun), n. the act 
 of instructing; education; an order, 
 &c. 
 
 instructional (-al), adj. pertaining 
 to instruction. 
 
 ins 
 
 instructive (-struk'tiv), adj. tending 
 to instruct ; conveying instruction. 
 
 instructor ('ter), n. one who in- 
 structs. 
 
 instrument ('stroo-ment), n. that by 
 which anything is effected ; a tool 
 or implement ; a mechanical con- 
 trivance for producing musical 
 sounds ; agent ; a writing containing 
 the terms of a contract, as a deed. 
 
 instrumental (-men'tal), adj. per- 
 taining to, or done by, an instru- 
 ment ; conducive to some end ; help- 
 ful. 
 
 instrumentality (-tal'i-ti), n. [pi. 
 instrumentalities (-tiz)], a subordi- 
 nate or auxiliary agency; means. 
 
 instrumentation (-ta'shun), n. the 
 arrangement of music for a com- 
 bination of instruments ; music thus 
 arranged ; use or method of using 
 an instrument. 
 
 insubordinate (-sub-or'di-nat), adj. 
 not submitting to authority ; muti- 
 nous. 
 
 insub ordination ( -di-na'shun ) , n. 
 the state of being insubordinate. 
 
 insufferable (-suf'er-a-bl), adj. in- 
 tolerable. 
 
 insufferably (-bli), adv. intolerably. 
 
 insular ('su-lar), adj. pertaining to 
 an island, or to the inhabitants of 
 an island, their customs, &c. ; iso- 
 lated; narrow. 
 
 insularity (-lar'i-ti), n. the state of 
 being insular; narrowness of opin- 
 ions, &c. 
 
 insulate ('su-lat), v.t. to place alone, 
 or in a detached si tuation ; separate 
 by a non-conductor from other con- 
 ducting bodies. 
 
 insulation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
 insulating; the state of being in- 
 sulated. 
 
 insulator ('ter), n. one who, or that 
 which, insulates ; a non-conductor 
 of electricity, heat, or sound. 
 
 insult ('suit), n. an affront or in- 
 dignity ; gross abuse in word or ac- 
 tion; v.t. (in-sulf) to treat with 
 gross indignity, contempt, or abuse, 
 by word or act. 
 
 insuperable (-su'per-a-bl), adj. not 
 to be overcome; invincible. 
 
 insuperably (-bli), adv. insurmoun- 
 tably. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ins 
 
 insurable (-shiir'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being insured against loss, dam- 
 age, &c. ; proper to be insured. 
 
 insurance ('ans), n. the act or sys- 
 tem of insuring against loss or dam- 
 age ; a contract entered into to se- 
 cure against loss by fire, &c., by the 
 payment of a specified sum ; pre- 
 mium paid. 
 
 insure (-shur'), v.t. to contract on 
 certain conditions to secure against 
 loss or damage by fire, &c. ; make 
 sure or secure. 
 
 insurgent (-ser'jent), adj. rising 
 against constituted authority: n. a 
 rebel. 
 
 insurrection (-rek'shun), n. active 
 or open hostility to constituted au- 
 thority ; rebellion. 
 
 insurrectionary (-a-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to, or engaged in, insurrec- 
 tion ; seditious. 
 
 intact (-takf), adj. entire; unin- 
 jured. 
 
 intaglio (en-ta'lyo), n. [pi. intaglii, 
 -glios (lye, lyoz)], a gem or stone 
 having a design cut in the surface ; 
 incised carving. 
 
 integer (in'te-jer), n. the whole; a 
 whole number : opposed to fraction. 
 
 integral ('te-gral), adj. constituting 
 a whole ; complete ; pertaining to an 
 integer : n. the whole made up of 
 parts. 
 
 integrant ('te-grant), adj. making 
 part of a whole ; necessary to con- 
 stitute an entire thing. 
 
 integrate ('te-grat), v.t. to bring to- 
 gether the parts of; give the sum 
 total of : v.i. to pass from a complex 
 and unstable state to one relatively 
 simple and stable. 
 
 integrity -(-teg'ri-ti), n. uprightness; 
 virtue ; honesty ; soundness ; unim- 
 paired or unbroken state of any- 
 thing. 
 
 integument ('u-ment), n. an exter- 
 nal covering or skin. 
 
 intellect ('tel-ekt), n. the mind or 
 understanding ; superior intelli- 
 gence ; acquired knowledge. 
 
 intellectual ('tu-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or apprehended by, the intellect ; 
 mental ; ideal. 
 
 intellectualism (-izm), n. intellec- 1 
 
 int 
 
 tual power or quality; the doctrine 
 that all knowledge is derived from 
 pure reason. 
 
 intellectuality (-tu-al'i-ti), n. the 
 quality or state of being intellectual. 
 
 intellectually ('tu-al-li), adv. by 
 means of the intellect. 
 
 intelligence (-tel'i-jens), n. intellec- 
 tual capacity ; understanding ; mind ; 
 acquired knowledge ; notification ; 
 news. 
 
 intelligent ('i-jent), adj. endowed 
 with intelligence or understanding ; 
 exhibiting knowledge ; clever ; acute ; 
 discerning. 
 
 intelligible ( 'i-ji-bl ) , adj. capable of 
 being understood ; clear. 
 
 intelligibly (-bli), adv. clearly. 
 
 intemperance (-tem'per-ans), n. 
 want of moderation or self restraint ; 
 excess, especially in the use of al- 
 coholic liquors. 
 
 intemperate ('per-at), adj. charac- 
 terized by want of moderation or 
 self restraint ; excessive ; addicted 
 to alcoholic liquors. 
 
 intend (-tend'), v.t. to purpose; 
 mean. 
 
 intendant ('ant), n. a superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 intended ('ed), n. an affianced lover. 
 
 intense (-tens'), adj. increased to ex- 
 cess ; strained ; forced ; ardent ; vehe- 
 ment. 
 
 intensify (-ten'si-fi), v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. intensified, p.pr. intensifying], 
 to render more intense ; heighten. 
 
 intensity ('si-ti), n. [pi. intensities 
 (-tiz)], the state or quality of being 
 intense ; density, as of a negative 
 plate ; the force or energy of any 
 physical agent. 
 
 intensive ('siv), adj. serving to in- 
 tensify ; giving force or emphasis to. 
 
 intent (-tent'), adj. having the mind 
 strained or closely fixed on a sub- 
 ject ; anxiously diligent ; constantly 
 or assiduously directed (with on) : 
 n. purpose ; aim. 
 
 intention (-ten'shun), n. purpose; 
 fixed design ; end or aim ; project. 
 
 intentioned ('shund), adj. having 
 intentions. 
 
 inter (-ter'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. interred, 
 p.pr. interring], to bury. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
int 
 
 inter, a prefix meaning between, 
 among. 
 
 intercalary (-ter'ka-la-ri), adj. in- 
 serted in the calendar, as Feb. 29 in 
 leap-year. 
 
 intercalate ('ka-lat), v.t. to insert 
 between or among. 
 
 intercede (-sed'), v.i. to mediate as 
 a friend between persons at vari- 
 ance ; plead for another ; interpose. 
 
 intercept (-sept'), v.t. to stop and 
 seize in the way ; cut off ; obstruct ; 
 include between two points of a line. 
 
 intercession (-sesh'un), n. the act of 
 interceding ; mediation ; a prayer for 
 persons of different conditions. 
 
 intercessor (-ses'er), n. a mediator. 
 
 intercourse ('ter-kors), n. connec- 
 tion, correspondence, or communica- 
 tion between individuals, nations, 
 &c. ; mutual exchange ; familiarity ; 
 fellowship. 
 
 interdict (-dikt'), v.t. to restrain or 
 forbid ; cut off from the spiritual 
 services of the Church. 
 
 interest ('ter-est), v.t. to engage the 
 attention ; awaken concern in ; 
 cause to take a share in : n. advan- 
 tage ; influence ; personal concern ; 
 benefit ; profit ; premium paid for 
 the use of money. 
 
 interesting (-ing), p. adj. engaging 
 the attention or curiosity ; exciting 
 the feelings or emotions. 
 
 interfere (-fer'), v.i. to interpose or 
 meddle in the affairs of others ; op- 
 pose ; come into collision ; act recip- 
 rocally so as to modify the result ; 
 injure the fetlock by striking it with 
 the opposite hoof. 
 
 interference ('ens), n. the act of 
 interfering. 
 
 interim ('ter-im), n. intervening 
 time or period : adv. in the mean- 
 while. 
 
 interior (-te'ri-6r), adj. not exterior; 
 inner ; internal ; remote from the 
 coast or frontier : n. the inside ; the 
 inland ; home department of a gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 interjection (-ter-jek'shun), n. an 
 exclamation ; a word thrown in to 
 express sudden emotion, feeling, &c. 
 
 interleave (-lev), v.t. to insert a 
 leaf in : as to interleave a. book with 
 blank leaves or illustrations. 
 
 int 
 
 interlinear (-lin'e-ar), adj. written 
 or printed between other lines, as a 
 translation. 
 
 interlocutory (-lok'u-to-ri), adj. 
 conversational ; intermediate ; not 
 final. 
 
 interloper ('ter-lo-per), n. an in- 
 truder. 
 
 interlude ('ter-lud), n. a short en- 
 tertainment given between acts of 
 a play, &c. ; a short instrumental 
 passage played between the stanzas 
 of a hymn, acts of an opera, &c. 
 
 intermediary (-me'di-a-ri), adj. in- 
 tervening : n. an agent ; go-between ; 
 medium. 
 
 intermediate ('di-at), adj. existing 
 or lying in the middle ; intervening. 
 
 interment ('ment), n. burial. 
 
 intermezzo (-met'zo), n. an inter- 
 lude. 
 
 intermission (-mish'un), n. inter- 
 ruption ; pause ; temporary cessation 
 between paroxysms of a disease. 
 
 intermit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 intermitted, p.pr. intermitting], to 
 cause to cease for a time ; interrupt ; 
 suspend. 
 
 intern (-tern'), v.t. to confine within 
 a town or fortress, or in the inte- 
 rior of a country; place under ar- 
 rest. 
 
 internal (-ter'nal), adj. pertaining to 
 the center ; interior ; inward ; not 
 foreign ; domestic. 
 
 internally (-H), adv. inwardly. 
 
 international ( -nash'un-al ) , adj. 
 pertaining to two or more nations 
 in common. 
 
 internecine (-ne'sin), adj. mutually 
 destructive ; deadly. 
 
 interpellate (-pel'at), v.t. to ques- 
 tion. 
 
 interpleader (-pled'er), n. the dis- 
 cussion of a point incidentally oc- 
 curring in law. 
 
 interpolate ('po-lat), v.t. to insert 
 in a book or writing new or spurious 
 matter ; corrupt by insertions. ' 
 
 interpolator (-er), n. one who in- 
 terpolates. 
 
 interpose (-poz'), v.t. to place be- 
 tween ; thrust in ; interrupt : v.i. to 
 intercede ; come between. 
 
 interpret ('pret), v.t. to explain 
 the meaning of ; expound ; construe. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
inf 
 
 interpretation (-ta/shun), n. the act 
 of interpreting ; explanation. 
 
 interregnum (-reg'num), n. the pe- 
 riod between two reigns, govern- 
 ments, or ministries; time of abey- 
 ance. 
 
 interrogate ('6-gat), v.t. to ques- 
 tion : v.i. to ask questions. 
 
 interrogation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
 of interrogating ; a question ; in- 
 quiry; a mark (?) denoting a ques- 
 tion. 
 
 interrogative (-rog'a-tiv), adj. de- 
 noting or containing a question or 
 inquiry : n. a word used in asking a 
 question. 
 
 interrogatively (-H), adv. by ques- 
 tions. 
 
 interrogator ('o-ga-ter), n. one who 
 interrogates. 
 
 interrogatory (-rog'a-to-ri), adj. 
 pertaining to, or expressing, a ques- 
 tion : n. a question in writing put 
 to a party to a suit. 
 
 interrupt (-rupf), v.t. to stop or 
 hinder by breaking in upon ; break 
 the continuity of ; cause to be de- 
 layed ; end suddenly. 
 
 interrupted ('ed), p.adj. intermit- 
 ted ; broken. 
 
 interruption ('shun), n. the act of 
 interrupting ; hindrance ; obstruc- 
 tion ; intervention ; sudden cessa- 
 tion. 
 
 intersect (-sekt'), v.t. to cut or di- 
 vide mutually: v.i. to cross each 
 other. 
 
 intersection (-sek'shun), n. the act 
 or state of intersecting; place of 
 crossing; the point or line in which 
 two lines or two planes cut each 
 other. 
 
 interstellar (-stel'ar), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or situated in, space be- 
 tween the stars. 
 
 interstice ('ter-stis, or -ter'stis), n. 
 a narrow space between things close- 
 ly set ; crevice. 
 
 interstitial (-stish'al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, containing, or existing in 
 interstices. 
 
 inter tidal (-ti'da.1), adj. living be- 
 tween high- and low-water mark. 
 
 interval ('ter-val), n. time or space 
 between ; distance between two 
 given musical sounds. 
 
 int 
 
 intervale ('ter-val), n. a tract of 
 low ground situated between hills, 
 or by the banks of a river. 
 
 intervene (-ven'), v.i. to come, or 
 be situated, between ; interpose ; in- 
 terfere. 
 
 intervention (-ven'shun), n. the act 
 of intervening; interposition; medi- 
 ation. 
 
 interview ('ter-vu), v.t. to visit, as 
 a notable personage, to obtain par- 
 ticulars respecting himself or his 
 opinions : n. a personal conference 
 or meeting. 
 
 intestacy (-tes'ta-si), n. the state of 
 dying without a will. 
 
 intestate ('tat), adj. dying without 
 having made a valid will : n. one 
 who dies without having made a 
 will. 
 
 intestinal ('ti-nal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or found in, the intestines. 
 
 intestine ('tin), adj. internal; not 
 foreign : n.pl. the bowels ; entrails. 
 
 intimacy ('ti-ma-si), n. [pi. intima- 
 cies (-siz)], close or confidential 
 friendship. 
 
 intimate ('ti-mat), adj. close in 
 friendship ; well acquainted ; famil- 
 iar ; confidential ; complete : v.t. to 
 indicate ; make known. 
 
 intimately (-li), adv. in an intimate 
 manner. 
 
 intimation (-ma'shun), n. an indi- 
 rect suggestion or hint; announce- 
 ment. 
 
 intimidate (-tim'i-dat), v.t. to make 
 afraid. 
 
 into ('too), prep, noting passage in- 
 wards ; inclusion or comprehension. 
 
 intolerable (-tol'er-a-bl), adj. un- 
 bearable. 
 
 intolerably (-bli), adv. in an intol- 
 erable manner. 
 
 intolerance ('er-ans), n. want of 
 toleration of the opinions or prac- 
 tices of others ; inability to bear or 
 endure. 
 
 intolerant ('er-ant), adj. bigoted; 
 unable to bear or endure (with of). 
 
 intonation (-to-na'shun), n. the act 
 or manner of sounding musical 
 notes; modulation of the voice; act 
 of intoning. 
 
 intone (-ton'), v.t. to recite in mono- 
 tone. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
int 
 
 inv 
 
 intoxicant (-toks'i-kant), n. that 
 which intoxicates. 
 
 intoxicate ('i-kat), v.t. to make 
 drunk by spirituous liquors ; excite 
 unduly. 
 
 intoxication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of intoxicating ; extreme excitement. 
 
 intra, a prefix meaning within, as 
 intramural, within the walls of a 
 city. 
 
 intractability (-trak-ta-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality or state of being intrac- 
 table. 
 
 intractable (-trak'ta-bl), adj. un- 
 manageable. 
 
 intractile ('til), adj. incapable of 
 being drawn out ; not extensible. 
 
 intrados (-tra'dos), n. the interior 
 and lower line or curve of an arch. 
 
 intramural, see under intra. 
 
 intransitive ('si-tiv), adj. not pass- 
 ing over to or requiring an object : 
 said of certain verbs. 
 
 intransitively (-li), adv. in an in- 
 transitive manner. 
 
 intransitu (-tran'si-tu), on the way. 
 
 intrepid (-trep'id), adj. bold; fear- 
 less. 
 
 intrepidity (-tre-pid'i-ti), n. fear- 
 lessness. 
 
 intricacy ('tri-ka-si), n. [pi. intrica- 
 cies (-siz)], the quality of being in- 
 tricate ; perplexity. 
 
 intricate ('tri-kat), adj. entangled or 
 involved. 
 
 intrigue (in-treg'), v.i. to carry on 
 a secret plot ; engage in clandestine 
 love affairs : n. a secret plot ; clan- 
 destine love affair. 
 
 intrinsic (-trin'sik), adj. pertaining 
 to that which is inherent ; real ; 
 genuine. 
 
 intrinsically (-al-li), adv. inherent- 
 intro, a prefix meaning within, into, 
 as introcession, a depression or sink- 
 ing of parts inwards. 
 
 introduce (-tro-dus'), v.t. to con- 
 duct or bring in ; bring into use or 
 notice ; bring into acquaintance ; in- 
 sert. 
 
 introduction (-duk'shun), n. the act 
 of introducing ; presentation ; a pref- 
 ace. 
 introductory ('to-ri), adj. serving to 
 introduce. Also introductive. 
 
 introflexed (-flekst'), adj. bent in- 
 wards. 
 
 intromission (-tro-mish'un), n. in- 
 sertion ; introduction. 
 
 intromit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. in- 
 tromited, p.pr. intromiting], to ad- 
 mit ; insert. 
 
 intrude (-trud'), v.i. to thrust one's 
 self in without invitation or wel- 
 come : v.t. force in. 
 
 intrusion (-tru'zhun), n. the act of 
 intruding ; encroachment ; unlawful 
 entry into vacant lands or tene- 
 ments. 
 
 intuition (-tti-ish'un), n. instinctive 
 knowledge or feeling ; immediate per- 
 ception. 
 
 intuitional (-al), adj. pertaining to 
 intuition. 
 
 intuitive ('i-tiv), adj. perceived im- 
 mediately by the mind. 
 
 intuitively (-li), adv. without rea- 
 soning. 
 
 inundate (-un'dat), v.t. to fill with 
 an overflowing abundance ; flood. 
 
 inundation (-da/shun), n. overflow; 
 flood. 
 
 inure (-iir'), v.t. to habituate, or ac- 
 custom ; toughen. 
 
 in vacuo (vak'u-o), in a vacuum. 
 
 invade (-vad'), v.t. to enter (a coun- 
 try) with a hostile army ; infringe 
 upon ; violate. 
 
 invalid (-val'id), adj. of no force or 
 authority; null and void: n. (in'va- 
 lid), one who is weak or infirm in 
 health ; a disabled soldier or sailor : 
 v.t. to register as an invalid ; affect 
 with disease. 
 
 invalidate (-vai'i-dat), v.t. to weak- 
 en or destroy the force or validity 
 of. 
 
 invalidity (-id'i-ti), n. want of legal 
 force or argument. 
 
 invaluable (-val'u-a-bl), adj. price- 
 less. 
 
 invariable (-var'i-a-bl), adj. con- 
 stant. 
 
 invariably (-bli), adv. constantly. 
 
 invasion (-va'zhun), n. the act of in- 
 vading ; hostile incursion ; encroach- 
 ment. 
 
 invective (-vek'tiv), n. a violent ut- 
 terance of censure, sarcasm, or 
 abuse : adj. abusive. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
inv 
 
 inveigh (-va'), v.i. to rail against 
 persons or things with vehemence ; 
 utter censure or reproach ; declaim. 
 
 inveigle (-ve'gl), v.t. to entice; se- 
 duce. 
 
 invent (-vent'), v.t. to find out by 
 original study or contrivance ; devise 
 or contrive; originate. 
 
 invention (-ven'shun), n. the act of 
 inventing; the thing invented; dis- 
 covery ; creative faculty ; concoc- 
 tion ; fabrication. 
 
 inventive ( 'tiv ) , adj. able to invent ; 
 quick at contriving; ready in ex- 
 pedients. 
 
 inventively (-li), adv. by the faculty 
 of invention. 
 
 inventiveness (-nes), n. the inven- 
 tive faculty. 
 
 inventor ('ter), n. one who invents. 
 
 inventory ('ven-to-ri), n. [pi. in- 
 ventories (-riz], a catalogue or list 
 of goods, furniture, &c. ; account : 
 v.t. to draw up an inventory or cata- 
 logue of. 
 
 inverse (-vers'), adj. contrary in 
 tendency, direction, or effect ; recip- 
 rocal ; inverted. 
 
 inversely ('li), adv. in an inverse 
 order or ratio. 
 
 inversion (-ver'shun), n. the act of 
 inverting ; the state of being in- 
 verted ; contrary change of order or 
 position. 
 
 inversive ('siv), adj. pertaining to, 
 or causing, inversion. 
 
 invert (-vert'), v.t. to turn upside 
 down. 
 
 Invertebrata (-ver-te-bra'ta), n.pl. 
 one of the sub-divisions of the ani- 
 mal kingdom, including those ani- 
 mals which have no vertebrae or 
 spinal column. 
 
 invertebrate ('te-brat), n. one of 
 the Invertebrata : adj. having no 
 backbone ; having no force of char- 
 acter ; weak. 
 
 invest (-vest'), v.t. to place or lay 
 out, as money ; clothe, as with office, 
 authority, or dignity ; surround : v.i. 
 to make an investment. 
 
 investigate ('i-gat), v.t. to ascer- 
 tain by careful inquiry ; search ; ex- 
 amine. 
 
 investigation (-ga'shun),'w. the act 
 of investigating ; inquiry ; search. 
 
 investigator ('ter), n. one who in- 
 vestigates. 
 
 investiture ('ti-tur), n. the act or 
 right of giving legal possession ; the 
 ceremony of inducting a bishop into 
 his office. 
 
 investment (-vest'ment), n. the act 
 of laying out money productively ; 
 money so invested ; the act of be- 
 sieging or blockading. 
 
 investor (-ves'ter), n. one who in- 
 vests. 
 
 inveteracy (-vet'er-a-si), n. the state 
 of being inveterate. 
 
 inveterate ('er-at), adj. deep-rooted; 
 habitual. 
 
 invidious (-vid'i-us), adj. likely to 
 provoke ill-will or envy; unpleas- 
 ant. 
 
 invigorate (-vig'o-rat), v.t. to give 
 vigor to ; strengthen ; animate. 
 
 invincibility (-vin-si-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being invincible. 
 
 invincible ('si-bl), adj. unconquer- 
 able. 
 
 inviolability (-vi-o-la-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the state or quality of being invio- 
 lable. 
 
 inviolable ('o-la-bl), adj. that can- 
 not be profaned or injured ; un- 
 broken. Inviolate. 
 
 invisibility (-viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state of being invisible. 
 
 invisible ('i-bl), adj. that cannot be 
 seen. 
 
 invitation (-vi-ta'shun), n. the act 
 of inviting ; polite solicitation ; the 
 words or document by which one is 
 invited. 
 
 invitatory (-vi'ta-to-ri), adj. con- 
 taining, or using, invitation. . 
 
 invite (-vit'), v.t. to ask, solicit, or 
 summon ; request the presence of ; 
 persuade ; allure. 
 
 inviting ('ing), p. adj. tempting; se- 
 ductive. 
 
 invocation (-vo-ka'shun), n. the act 
 or form of invoking. 
 
 invoice ('vois), n. a document an- 
 nouncing the despatch of goods with 
 their prices, quantity, &c. : v.t. to 
 state or insert in an invoice. 
 
 invoke (-vok'), v.t. to address in 
 prayer or supplication; solicit (aid 
 or protection). 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
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inv 
 
 iro 
 
 involuntarily (-vol'un-ta-ri-li), adv. 
 not willingly. 
 
 involuntary (-vol'un-ta-ri), adj. 
 without will or choice ; not spon- 
 taneous. 
 
 involute ('vo-lut), adj. folded or 
 rolled inwards, as certain leaves and 
 flowers ; coiled spirally : n. a par- 
 ticular kind of curve turned inward 
 at the margin. 
 
 involution (-lu'shun), n. the act of 
 involving or infolding ; complica- 
 tion ; return of an organ or tissue to 
 its normal size after distention ; the 
 process of raising an arithmetical or 
 algebraical quantity to a given 
 power, as 3 4 = 81. 
 
 involve (-volv'), v.t. to complicate; 
 entangle ; surround ; embroil ; re- 
 sult as a logical consequence ; mul- 
 tiply a quantity into itself any given 
 number of times. 
 
 invulnerability (-vul-ner-a-bil'i-ti) , 
 n. the quality of being invulnerable. 
 
 invulnerable ( -vuTner-a-bl ) , adj. 
 that cannot be wounded or injured ; 
 without any weak point. 
 
 inward ('ward), adj. situated with- 
 in ; in the mind : adv. interior ; to- 
 wards the center. Also inwards. 
 
 inwardly (-li), adv. in an inward 
 manner ; secretly. 
 
 inwrought (-rawf), p.adj. worked 
 in ; adorned with figures or patterns. 
 
 io (l'o), n. the peacock butterfly. 
 
 iod, a prefix, indicating the presence 
 of iodine. Also iodo. 
 
 iodic (-od'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 containing, iodine. 
 
 iodide ('o-did), n. a compound of. io- 
 dine. 
 
 iodine ('6-din), n. a non-metallic ele- 
 ment, which, when heated, gives off 
 a rich violet vapor. 
 
 iodize ('o-diz), v.t. to treat with io- 
 dine. 
 
 iodism ('6-dizm), n. a morbid con- 
 dition caused by overdoses of iodine. 
 
 iodoform (-o'do-form), n. a crystal- 
 line compound formed by the action 
 of iodine on alcohol and potash. 
 
 iodol ('o-dol), n. an antiseptic specif- 
 ic used for wounds and cutaneous 
 diseases. 
 
 ion ('on), n. a substance resulting 
 
 from the decomposition of a body by 
 electrolysis. 
 
 Ionian ('o-ni-an), adj. pertaining to 
 Ionia, or its inhabitants. Also Ion- 
 ic. 
 
 Ionic order ('ik or'der), n. an order 
 of classic architecture, characterized 
 by the volute, or ram's-horn scroll, 
 of its capital. 
 
 iota (-o'ta), n. the Greek letter (i), 
 which from its being used under the 
 vowels a, tj, w (iota subscriptum) , 
 denotes anything small or insignifi- 
 cant. 
 
 ipecac (ip'e-kak), n. ipecacuanha. 
 
 ipecacuanha (ip-e-kak-ii-an'a), n. 
 the root of a South American plant : 
 used in medicine. 
 
 ir, prefix meaning not. 
 
 irade (i-ra'de), n. an imperial decree 
 [Turkish]. 
 
 irascibility (i-ras-i-bil'i-ti), n. qual- 
 ity of being irascible. 
 
 irascible ('i-bl), n. easily excited to 
 anger. 
 
 irascibly (-bli), adv. in an irascible 
 manner. 
 
 irate (-rat'), adj. angry; enraged. 
 
 ire (ir), n. anger; wrath. 
 
 irid, a prefix meaning eye. Also irido. 
 
 iridescence (ir-i-des'ens), n. the ex- 
 hibition of colors like those of the 
 rainbow. 
 
 iridescent Cent), adj. exhibiting ir- 
 idescence. 
 
 iridium (I-rid'i-um), n. a metallic 
 element. 
 
 iris ('ris), n. [pi. irises, irides (-sez, 
 'ri-dez)], the pupil of the eye; the 
 rainbow. 
 
 iriscope ('ri-skop), n. an apparatus 
 for showing the prismatic colors. 
 
 Irish ('rish), adj. pertaining to Ire- 
 land, its inhabitants, or language. 
 
 Irishism (-izm), n. an Irish idiom. 
 
 irk (erk), v.t. to weary: v.i. to be- 
 come tired. 
 
 irksome (,'sum), adj. tedious; weari- 
 some. 
 
 iron (I'ern), n. the most common and 
 useful of the metals ; an instrument 
 made of iron ; anything especially 
 hard or durable : pi. fetters : adj. 
 pertaining to, resembling, or made 
 of iron : v.t. to smooth with an iron 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
iro 
 
 iso 
 
 implement; furnish with iron; fet- 
 ter. 
 
 iron, age (aj), n. the last prehistoric 
 age, characterized by the use of 
 iron for weapons, &c. ; the last of 
 the four ages of classic mythology. 
 
 ironclad (-klad), n. a warship pro- 
 tected wholly or partially with iron 
 or steel plates : adj. covered or pro- 
 tected with iron armor. 
 
 ironical (I-ron'i-kal), adj. express- 
 ing one thing and meaning another. 
 
 ironically- (-li), adv. in an ironical 
 manner. 
 
 iron wood ('ern-wood), n. a name for 
 the timber of trees of exceptional 
 hardness and durability. 
 
 irony ('ron-i), n. subtle sarcasm; a 
 mode of speech conveying the op- 
 posite of what is meant. 
 
 ir radiance (ir-ra'di-ans), n. the act 
 of sending forth luminous rays; 
 luster. Irradiancy. 
 
 irradiant (-ant), adj. emitting rays 
 of light. 
 
 irradiate ('di-at), v.t. to shed light 
 upon; illuminate; brighten: v.i. 
 emit rays of light. 
 
 irradicate (-rad'i-kat), v.t. to root 
 deeply, i 
 
 irrespective (-re-spek'tiv), adj. re- 
 gardless (with-e/). 
 
 irrespectively (-li), adv. without 
 regard. 
 
 irrigate ('i-gat), v.t. to moisten 
 (land) by causing water to flow over 
 by artificial means. 
 
 irritability (-i-ta-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality or state of being irritable. 
 Irritableness. 
 
 irritable ('i-ta-bl), adj. easily pro- 
 voked to anger ; easily stimulated 
 to perform some physical function. 
 
 irritably (-bli), adv. with irritation. 
 
 irritant ('i-tant), adj. causing irri- 
 tation : n, anything which causes 
 irritation. 
 
 irritate ('i-tat), v.t. to provoke or 
 make angry ; excite heat and redness 
 in. 
 
 irritation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
 irritating; the state of being irri- 
 tated ; exasperation ; vexation ; im- 
 patience ; excitement of muscular ac- 
 tion by external agency. 
 
 irruption (-rup'shun), n. a bursting 
 or rushing in ; sudden invasion. 
 
 is (iz), 3rd p., sing., pres., indie, of be. 
 
 is, prefix meaning equal. Also iso : as 
 isanthous, having equal anthers ; 
 isothermal, having the same mean 
 summer temperature. 
 
 isagon (fsa-gon), n. a figure with 
 equal angles. 
 
 Ishmaelite (ish'ma-el-it), n. a de- 
 scendant of Ishmael : hence a social 
 outcast. 
 
 isinglass (I'zing-glas), n. a white 
 semi-transparent substance prepared 
 from the sounds or air-bladders of 
 the sturgeon, cod, &c. 
 
 Islam (is'lam), n. the Mohammedan 
 religion ; the whole body of Moham- 
 medans and the countries where the 
 religion of Mohammed is professed. 
 
 island (i'land), n. a tract of land 
 surrounded by water; anything re- 
 sembling an island. 
 
 isle (il), n. an island [Poet.]. 
 
 islet (i'let), n. sl small island. 
 
 ism (izm), n. a system or theory. 
 
 iso, prefix, see is. 
 
 isobar (i'so-bar), n. a line which con- 
 nects places on the earth's surface 
 having the same atmospheric pres- 
 sure at the sea level. 
 
 isobaric (-bar'ik), adj. of equal baro- 
 metric pressure ; pertaining to, or 
 showing, isobars. Also isobaromet- 
 ric. 
 
 isocbromatic (-kno-mat'ik), adj. 
 having the same color. 
 
 isochronous (-sok'ro-nus), adj. oc- 
 curring in equal times. 
 
 isoclinal (-so-kli'nal), adj. having 
 the same dip or inclination. 
 
 isodynamic (-di-nam'ik), adj. having 
 equal force. 
 
 isogeotbermal (-je-o-ther'mal), adj. 
 noting imaginary lines connecting 
 places on the earth's surface which 
 have the same mean annual tem- 
 perature. 
 
 isolate ('so-lat), v.t. to place alone; 
 place in a detached situation ; insu- 
 late; obtain in an uncombined form. 
 
 isolation (-la'shun), n. the state of 
 being isolated. 
 
 isomeric (-mer'ik), adj. having the 
 same elements in the same propor- 
 
 ftte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, ffren. 
 
Iso 
 
 tions, but with different physical 
 characteristics. 
 
 isometric (-met'rik), adj. having 
 equality of measure. 
 
 isomorphism, (-mor'fizm), n. the 
 quality of having the same crystal- 
 line form, but formed of different 
 elements. 
 
 isosceles (-sos'e-lez), adj. having 
 equal sides. 
 
 isotherm ('so-therm), n. an imag- 
 inary line connecting those places 
 on the earth's surface which have 
 the same mean temperature. 
 
 isothermal, see under is. 
 
 Israelite (iz'ra-el-it), n. a descendant 
 of Israel ; a Jew. 
 
 Israelitish. ('ish), adj. pertaining to 
 the Israelites ; Jewish. Also Is- 
 raelite. 
 
 issue (ish'ti), n. the act of passing 
 or flowing out ; egress ; that which 
 flows or passes out ; discharge ; flux ; 
 publication ; offspring ; lineal de- 
 scendants ; produce of the earth ; 
 profits of land, &c. ; essential points 
 in pleading or debate ; result : v.t. 
 to send out ; publish ; put into cir- 
 culation : v.i. to come or pass out ; 
 arise, as from a source ; flow ; pro- 
 ceed ; be descended ; end. 
 
 isthmian (ist'mi-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to an isthmus. 
 
 isthmus ( f mus), n. a neck of land 
 connecting two larger portions. 
 
 Italian (i-tal'yan), adj. pertaining 
 to Italy, its inhabitants, or lan- 
 guage. 
 
 Italic ( 'ik ) , adj. pertaining to Italy ; 
 noting a slender, sloping kind of 
 type (italic) : used fox emphasis, 
 &c. : n.pl. italic type. 
 
 italicize ('i-slz), v.t. to write or 
 print in italics. 
 
 Italiote ('i-ot), n. a Greek inhabi- 
 tant of Italy. 
 
 ita-palm (fta-pam), n. a tall South 
 American palm, supplying the na- 
 tives along the Orinoco and Amazon 
 with food, drink and rope and ham- 
 mock materials. 
 
 izt 
 
 itch (ich), n. a parasitic cutaneous 
 disease causing great irritation ; a 
 constant and teasing desire for some- 
 thing : v.i. to feel a particular un- 
 easiness in the skin, causing a de- 
 sire to scratch the part affected ; 
 have a constant and teasing desire 
 for. 
 
 item (I'tem), n. a separate article or 
 particular ; a newspaper paragraph : 
 adv. also. 
 
 iterate (it'er-at), v.t. to repeat. 
 
 iteration (-a/shun), repetition. 
 
 iterative ('er-a-tiv), adj. repeating. 
 
 itineracy (i-tin'er-a-si), n. the prac- 
 tice of itinerating. 
 
 itinerancy ('er-an-si), n. a passing 
 from place to place, especially in 
 the discharge of some official func- 
 tion, as by a judge on circuit, a 
 preacher, &c. 
 
 itinerant ('er-ant), adj. passing 
 from place to place : n. one who 
 itinerates. 
 
 itinerary ('er-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to, or done on, a journey ; traveling 
 from place to place: n. a traveler's 
 guide or route-book ; a diary of a 
 journey ; plan of a projected ex- 
 cursion. 
 
 itinerate ('er-at), v.i. to travel from 
 place to place. 
 
 ivoride ('vo-rid), n. a variety of arti- 
 ficial ivory. 
 
 ivory ('vo-ri), n. the hard, bony, 
 white dentine which forms the tusks 
 of the elephant, walrus, &c. : adj. 
 made of, or like, ivory. 
 
 ivory palm (-pam), n. the palm 
 from which the ivory nuts used in 
 turning as an imitation for ivory 
 are obtained. 
 
 ivory type (-tip), n. a particular kind 
 of photographic picture with an 
 ivory-like surface. 
 
 ivy (I'vi), n. a clinging evergreen 
 plant of the genus Hedera. 
 
 Izar (iz'ar), n. the yellow star 
 Bootee ; a Mohammedan woman's 
 outer veil-like garment. 
 
 izard (iz'ard), n. another name for 
 the ibex. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon 
 D. 31 book; htie, hut; think, then. 
 
jabber ('er), v.i. to talk rapidly and 
 indistinctly ; chatter. 
 
 jacinth (ja'sinth), n. hyacinth; a 
 red variety of zircon. 
 
 jack (jak), n. a pike; in bowls, a 
 small ball serving as a mark to be 
 aimed at ; the male of some animals ; 
 a leather cup or jug; timber cut 
 short of its usual length ; a flag 
 used for signaling; the knave of 
 cards ; a leathern coat of mail ; a 
 name applied to various kinds of 
 levers or mechanical labor-saving 
 appliances, as a ;acfc-screw, roast- 
 ing-jack, &c. : v.t. to lift with a 
 jack ; give up. 
 
 jackal ('awl), n. a dog-like carniv- 
 orous animal which hunts in packs ; 
 one who does base work for an- 
 other. 
 
 jackanapes ('a-naps), n. a conceited 
 or upstart fellow. 
 
 jackass ('as), n. the male ass; don- 
 key. 
 
 jackboots ('bootz), n.pl. large boots 
 reaching above the knee. 
 
 jackdaw ('daw), n. a glossy species 
 of crow. 
 
 jacket ('et), n. a short tailless coat: 
 a covering to prevent radiation of 
 heat: v.t. to clothe with a jacket; 
 beat. 
 
 jackstays ('staz) , n.pl. ropes 
 stretched along the yard of a ship 
 to fasten the sails to. 
 
 jaconet ('o-net), n. a fine soft white 
 cotton material somewhat resembling 
 cambric ; nainsook. Also jacconet. - 
 
 Jacquard ('kard), n. a loom for 
 weaving patterns invented by Jac- 
 quard, a Frenchman. 
 
 jade (jad), n. a tired or worn-out 
 
 horse; a vicious woman; a young 
 woman (contemptuously or humor- 
 ously) ; a silicate of magnesia and 
 lime of green color : formerly much 
 used for ornaments, &c. : v.t. to tire 
 by long-continued labor ; harass. 
 
 jag (jag), n. a notch; projecting 
 point ; denticulation ; a small load ; 
 a condition of partial intoxication : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. jagged, p.pr. jag- 
 ging], to cut into notches or teeth. 
 
 jaguar (-gwar'), n. a fierce animal 
 of South America, resembling the 
 leopard ; the American tiger. 
 
 jail (jal), n. a prison; a bridewell. 
 
 jalap (jal'ap), n. the root of Ipomoea 
 purga : used medicinally as a purga- 
 tive. 
 
 jam (jam), n. a conserve of fruit 
 boiled with sugar ; a squeeze ; block ; 
 crush : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. jammed, p.pr. 
 jamming] , to squeeze or crush ; 
 press in tightly ; block up by crowd- 
 ing. 
 
 jamb (jam), n. one of the upright 
 sides of a doorway, window-opening, 
 or fireplace. 
 
 janapa (jan'a-pa), n. an East Indian 
 hemp, from which gunny bags, &c, 
 are made. 
 
 jangle (jang'gl), v.i. to quarrel or 
 wrangle ; sound discordantly : n. a 
 discordant sound; wrangle; alterca- 
 tion ; chatter. 
 
 janissary (jan'i-sa-ri), n. [pi. janis- 
 saries (-riz)], formerly the foot- 
 guard of the Turkish sultans. Also 
 janizary. 
 
 janitor ('i-ter), n. a door-keeper. 
 
 japan (ja-pan'), n. work varnished 
 and lacquered after the Japanese 
 
 &te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut: think, then. 
 
jap 
 
 jer 
 
 style of ornamentation; a kind of 
 varnish : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. japanned, 
 p.pr. japanning], to cover, varnish, 
 or lacquer, with japan ; make black 
 and glossy. 
 
 Japanese (jap-a-nez'), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Japan, its inhabitants, or lan- 
 guage. 
 
 Japanesque (-nesk'), at?;, resembling 
 the Japanese style of art. 
 
 japonica (-pon'i-ka), n. the name of 
 various species of Japanese plants. 
 
 jar (jar), n. an earthenware pot or 
 vessel ; a shake produced by a sud- 
 den shock ; jolt ; harsh sound ; con- 
 flict of opinion or interest : v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. jarred, p.pr. jarring], to cause 
 to^ shake by a sudden shock ; jolt : 
 v.i. to interfere or clash; emit a 
 harsh sound. 
 
 jardiniere ( zhar-din-yar' ) , n. an or- 
 namental flower-stand of porcelain 
 or metal. 
 
 jargon (jar'gon), n. confused, unin- 
 telligible talk ; a mixture of two or 
 more languages ; the peculiar phrase- 
 ology of a party, sect, &c. 
 
 jashawk (jas'hawk), n. a young, or 
 eyas, hawk. 
 
 jasmine ('min), n. a plant of the 
 genus Jasminum with fragrant flow- 
 ers. 
 
 jasper ('per), n. an opaque, many- 
 shaded_ variety of quartz : when pol- 
 ished it is made into a variety of 
 ornamental articles. 
 
 jaundice (jan'dis), n. a disease char- 
 acterized by yellowness of the eye- 
 balls, skin, &c, caused by biliary de- 
 rangement : hence a mental condi- 
 tion in which everything appears in 
 a prejudiced form. 
 
 jaunt (jant), n. a short excursion or 
 ramble : v.i. to roam or ramble ; take 
 a short excursion. 
 
 jauntily ('i-li), adv. in a jaunty 
 manner. 
 
 jaunty ('i), adj. airy; gay; showy. 
 
 Javanese (jav'a-nez), adj. pertaining 
 to Java, its inhabitants, or language. 
 
 javelin ('lin), n. a light spear. 
 
 jaw (jaw), n. the bones of the mouth 
 in which the teeth are placed; 
 mouth ; a mechanical contrivance for 
 holding the inner end of a vessel's 
 boom. 
 
 jay (ja), n. a crow-like, chattering 
 bird with handsome plumage. 
 
 jealous (jel'us), adj. full of, or char- 
 acterized by, jealousy ; anxiously 
 suspicious or watchful. 
 
 jealousy (-i), n. suspicious fear or 
 watchfulness, especially the fear of 
 being supplanted by a rival. 
 
 jean (jen), n. twilled undressed cot- 
 ton cloth. 
 
 jeer (jer), v.t. to scoff at; ridicule: 
 v.i. to speak in a derisive or sarcas- 
 tic manner : n. a scoff ; derision : pi. 
 tackle by which the lower yards of a 
 vessel are hoisted or lowered. 
 
 Jehovah (je-ho'va), n. Lord; God of 
 the Hebrews. 
 
 jehu ('hu), n. one fond of driving, 
 especially fast driving (2 Kings, ix. 
 20) ; coachman. 
 
 jejune (-jun'), adj. empty; void of 
 interest. 
 
 jejunum (-ju'num), n. [pi. jejuna 
 ( 'na ) ] , that portion of the small in- 
 testines between the duodenum and 
 ileum. 
 
 jelly ('i), n. [pi. jellies ('iz)], the 
 stiffened gelatinous juice of fruit, 
 meat, &c, after boiling ; any semi- 
 transparent soft gluey substance : 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. jellied, p.pr. jelly- 
 ing], to turn to, or become, jelly. 
 
 jemmy ('i), n. [pi. jemmies ('iz)], a 
 short crowbar used by burglars. 
 Also jimmy. 
 
 jennet (jen'et), n. a small Spanish 
 horse. Also genet. 
 
 jenny ('i) , n. a machine for spinning ; 
 used in composition for female, as 
 jenny-wren, jenny-ass, &c. 
 
 jeopard (jep'ard), v.t. to expose to 
 loss or injury ; hazard. Also jeopar- 
 dize. 
 
 jeopardy (-i), n. hazard; peril. 
 
 jerboa (jer-bo'a), n. the leaping 
 mouse of Africa, with long hind legs. 
 
 jereed (-ed'), n. a javelin, used in 
 Turkey and Persia in mock battles; 
 a game played with jereeds. Also 
 jerid. 
 
 jeremiad (-e-mi'ad), n. lamentation, 
 especially over modern degeneracy : 
 from the Book of Lamentations of 
 Jeremiah. 
 
 jerk (jerk), v.t. to give a sudden pull, 
 twist, or push to; throw with a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ten. 
 
fer 
 
 sudden quick movement ; cut into 
 long strips and dry in the sun, as 
 beef: n. a sudden quick pull, twist 
 or push ; spasmodic movement ; 
 jerked beef ; charqui. 
 
 jerkin ('in), n. a short coat or jack- 
 et ; close waistcoat ; gyrf alcon ; 
 young salmon. 
 
 jerry (jer'i), adj. constructed hastily, 
 and of bad materials, as a jerry-built 
 house. 
 
 Jersey (jer'zi), adj. pertaining to the 
 Isle of Jersey, or to its breed of cat- 
 tle : n. a close-fitting thick woolen 
 shirt ; fine yarn wool ; of or pertain- 
 ing to New Jersey. 
 
 jess (jes), n. a leathern strap fastened 
 to the leg of a hawk, to which the 
 leash is attached. 
 
 jesse (jes'e), n. a large branched can- 
 dlestick used in churches ; symboliz- 
 ing the genealogical tree of Jesse 
 and of Jesus Christ. 
 
 jest (jest), n. a joke ; humorous pleas- 
 antry ; fun ; a laughing-stock : v.i. to 
 joke ; make merriment ; make game 
 of. 
 
 Jesuit (jez'u-it), n. a member of the 
 Roman Catholic Society of Jesus, 
 founded by Ignatius Loyola, 1534 ; 
 an insidious, crafty intriguer. 
 
 Jesuitic (-u-it'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or resembling, the Jesuits, their 
 principles, or practices ; insidious ; 
 disingenuous. Also Jesuitical. 
 
 Jesuitism ('u-it-izm), n. the princi- 
 ples, system, or practices of the 
 Jesuits ; subtle duplicity ; disingenu- 
 ousness. Also Jesuitry. 
 
 Jesuit's bark (bark), n. cinchona. 
 
 jet (jet), n. a stream of water sud- 
 denly emitted ; a deep black variety 
 of lignite, black amber ; a gas 
 branch ; tube for running molten 
 metal into a mold : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 jetted, p. pr. jetting], to spout out: 
 v.i. to shoot or jut out. 
 
 jetsam ('sam), n. that part of a 
 ship's cargo which is thrown into 
 the sea to lighten the vessel in case 
 of peril : opposed to flotsam. Also 
 jetsom, jetson. 
 
 jettison ('i-sun), n. the act of throw- 
 ing goods overboard to lighten a ves- 
 sel in case of peril : v.t. to throw 
 overboard to lighten a vessel. 
 
 jetty O), n. [pi. jetties ('iz)], a 
 structure extending into the water, 
 used as a pier, mole, or wall, to re- 
 strain or direct currents ; projection 
 of a building : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. jettied, 
 p.pr. jetting], to jut out or project. 
 
 Jew (joo), n. an Israelite; Hebrew. 
 Fern. Jewess. 
 
 jewel ('el), n. a valuable ornament; 
 gem ; precious stone ; anything of 
 great value or dear to one : v.t. to 
 adorn with, or as with, jewels ; fur- 
 nish with jewels. 
 
 jeweler ('er), n. one who makes or 
 deals in jewels. 
 
 jewelry ('ri), n. jewels collectively; 
 the art or trade of a jeweler. 
 
 Jewish ('ish), adj. pertaining to the 
 Jews, their language, customs, &c. 
 
 Jewry ('ri), n. Judaea; a district in 
 a city inhabited by Jews ; ghetto. 
 
 jew's-harp ('harp), n. a small lyre- 
 shaped musical instrument with a 
 thin metal tongue which, when 
 placed between the teeth and vi- 
 brated, emits a twanging sound. 
 
 jib (jib), n. a large triangular sail 
 projecting beyond the bowsprit; the 
 projecting arm or beam of a crane ; 
 a jibbing horse : v.i., [p.t. & p.p. 
 jibbed, p.pr. jibbing], to move rest- 
 lessly backwards or sideways : said 
 of a horse. 
 
 jib-boom ('boom), n. a spar beyond 
 the bowsprit, on which the jib is set. 
 
 jibe, another form of gibe. 
 
 jiffy (jif'i), n. an instant. 
 
 jig (jig), n. a quick lively dance, or 
 music for such a dance ; a particular 
 kind of fish-hook : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 jigged, p.pr. jigging] , to dance a jig : 
 v.t. jerk up and down. 
 
 jigger ('er), n. one who jigs; a name 
 for various mechanical contrivances 
 and appliances ; another form of 
 chigoe. 
 
 jig- jog ('jog), n. a jolting motion. 
 
 jill (jil), n. a young woman; sweet- 
 heart ; the female of a ferret. 
 
 jilt (jilt), n. a coquette or flirt: v.t. 
 to encourage (a lover) and then dis- 
 card him : v.i. to play the jilt ; prac- 
 tice deception in love. 
 
 jimmy (jim'i), n. a burglar's tool. 
 See jemmy. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
Jim 
 
 jimson-weed (jim'sun-wed), n. stra- 
 monium. 
 
 jingle (jing'gl), n. a sharp tinkling 
 metallic sound ; a little bell or rat- 
 tle ; meaningless rhyme ; a covered 
 two-wheeled Irish car : v.i. to sound 
 with a jingle. 
 
 jingo ('go), n. [pi. jingoes ('goz)], 
 one of a party of Conservatives who, 
 at the time of the Russo-Turkish 
 War of 1877-78, wished Great Brit- 
 ain to go to war with Russia : named 
 from a popular song of the day ; a 
 mild oath (with by). 
 
 jingoism (-izm), n. the jingo mili- 
 tary spirit. 
 
 jinnee (jin'e), n. [pi. jinn (jin)],the 
 good and evil spirits of Mohamme- 
 dan mythology which sometimes as- 
 sume human shape. Also genie, jin, 
 jinn, djinnee. 
 
 jinrikisha (-rik'i-sha), n. a small 
 Japanese two - wheeled carriage, 
 drawn by one or more men. Also 
 jinriksha. 
 
 jo (jo), n. a sweetheart [Scotch]. 
 
 job (job), n. a piece of work, espe- 
 cially of a temporary or chance na- 
 ture ; any scheme for making money 
 or securing private advantage at the 
 public expense ; any event or circum- 
 stance; a sudden stroke or thrust 
 with a pointed instrument : v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. jobbed, p.pr. jobbing], to let 
 out for hire; buy up (goods) and 
 retail them ; punch suddenly with a 
 sharp instrument : v.i. buy and sell, 
 as a stock-broker ; perform job 
 work ; let out or hire horses ; work 
 for one's own advantage under the 
 guise of public zeal. 
 
 jobber (job'er), n. a middleman, es- 
 pecially one who acts as agent be- 
 tween a stock-broker and the public ; 
 one who transacts public business 
 for his own private interests. 
 
 jobbery ('er-i), n. [pi. jobberies 
 (-iz) ], low intriguing for private ad- 
 vantage or political ends. 
 
 jockey (jok'i), n. [pi. jockeys ('iz)], 
 one who rides a horse in a race ; 
 groom ; a dealer in horses ; cheat : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. jockeyed, p.pr. jock- 
 eying], to cheat or deceive; jostle 
 against by riding unfairly. 
 
 3o£ 
 
 jocose (jo-kos'), adj. sportive; hu- 
 morous. 
 
 jocosity (-kos'i-ti), n. the quality of 
 being jocose. 
 
 jocular ( jok'u-lar) , adj. making jokes. 
 
 jocularity ('i-ti), n. merriment. 
 
 jocund ('und), adv. jovial; sportive; 
 gay. 
 
 jocundity (-un'di-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being jocund. 
 
 jog (jog), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. jogged, p.pr. 
 jogging], to push or shake slightly, 
 usually with the elbow or hand, by 
 way of reminder ; stimulate : v.i. to 
 travel along with a slow trotting 
 motion : n. a slight push or shake ; 
 slow trot ; stimulant. 
 
 johnny-cake (-kak), n. a flat maize 
 cake, mixed with milk or water, 
 quickly prepared at an ordinary fire. 
 
 join (join), v.t. to unite; connect; 
 associate ; add or annex ; to unite in 
 marriage : v.i. to adhere ; be in con- 
 tact ; be associated or in unity with : 
 n. a joint or union. 
 
 joinder ('der) , n. in law, the coupling 
 of two or more causes of action into 
 the same declaration. 
 
 joiner ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, joins, especially an artisan 
 who finishes the woodwork for 
 houses, &c. 
 
 joinery ('er-i), n. joiner's work. 
 
 joint (joint), n. the place where two 
 or more things join ; articulation of 
 limbs ; node or internode ; hinge ; a 
 fissure dividing rock masses into 
 blocks ; one of the larger pieces into 
 which a carcass is cut up ; a place of 
 low resort ; as, an opium joint : adj. 
 produced by the action of two or 
 more ; united in or sharing : v.t. to 
 form with, or unite by, joints ; cut 
 or divide into joints, as meat. 
 
 joint-stock company (-stok kum'pa- 
 ni), n. a company the stock or cap- 
 ital of which is divided into trans- 
 ferable shares. 
 
 jointure ('fir), n. landed estate or 
 tenements settled on a woman in 
 consideration of her marriage, to be 
 enjoyed by her after the death of 
 her husband : v.t. to settle a jointure 
 upon. 
 
 Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
Joi 
 
 joist (joist), n. a horizontal timber to 
 »^hieh the boards of a floor or laths 
 of a ceiling are fastened : v.t. to fur- 
 nish with joists. 
 
 joke (jok), n. something said or done 
 to excite mirth ; jest ; sport : v.i. to 
 make jokes : v.t. to cast jokes at ? 
 rally. 
 
 joker ('er), n. a jester; an extra 
 card, the highest trump card at 
 euchre. 
 
 jollification (jol-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 merry-making. 
 
 jollity ('i-ti), n. the state of being 
 jolly. 
 
 jolly ('i), adj. comparative jollier, su- 
 perlative jolliest], full of life and 
 mirth ; gay ; inspiring mirth ; excel- 
 lent ; most remarkable ; companion- 
 able : adv. exceedingly : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. jollied, p.pr. jollying], to joke 
 or rally ; to treat well for the pur- 
 pose of obtaining some advantage. 
 
 jolly-boat (-bot), n. a ship's small 
 boat. 
 
 jolt (jolt), v.t. to shake by sudden 
 jerks : v.i. to have a jerky motion ; 
 n. a sudden jerk. 
 
 jonquil ('kwil), n. a bulbous plant 
 with fragrant flowers. Also jon- 
 quille. 
 
 jorum (jo'rum), n. a large drinking 
 bowl. 
 
 joss (jos), n. a Chinese god or idol. 
 
 jostle ('1), v.t. to push against; el- 
 bow. 
 
 jot (jot), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. jotted, p.pr. 
 jotting], to make a memorandum of 
 (with down) : n. a tittle. 
 
 joule (joul), n. the unit of electrical 
 force in the centimeter-gram-second 
 system. 
 
 journal (jer'nal), n. a record of news 
 or events ; diary ; a book in which 
 particular transactions are entered 
 from the day-book ; a ship's log- 
 book ; the bearing part of the shaft 
 of a machine. 
 
 journalism (-izm), n. newspaper or 
 periodical literature ; the influence 
 exercised by such literature ; the pro- 
 fession of a journalist. 
 
 journalist (-ist), n. an editor, or 
 contributor to a journal or newspa- 
 per ; one who keeps a journal. 
 
 jud 
 
 journalistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to journals, journalists, or jour- 
 nalism. 
 
 journey (jer'ni), n. passage from one 
 place to another ; a day's work or 
 travel : v.i. to travel from one place 
 to another. 
 
 journeyman (-man), n. [pi. journey- 
 men (-men)], a mechanic who has 
 served his apprenticeship. 
 
 joust (joost), n. a mediaeval mock 
 combat with blunted lances between 
 two mounted knights : v.i. to engage 
 in such a combat. 
 
 jovial ( jov'i-al) , adj. convivial ; 
 merry. 
 
 joviality ('i-ti), n. conviviality; 
 mirth. 
 
 jovially (-li), adv. with joviality. 
 
 jowl (joul), the jaw or cheek; head 
 of a fish. 
 
 joy (joi), n. exhilaration of spirits; 
 gaiety ; gladness : v.i. to rejoice or 
 be glad. 
 
 joyful ('fool), adj. full of joy. 
 
 jubilant (joo'bi-lant), adj. express- 
 ing exultation ; triumphant. 
 
 jubilate ('bi-lat), v.i. to express ex- 
 ultation. 
 
 jubilation (-la'shun), n. a shouting 
 for joy ; declaration of triumph. 
 
 jubilee ('bi-le), n. a Jewish festival 
 celebrated every 50th year, to com- 
 memorate the deliverance of the Is- 
 raelites from Egyptian bondage ; the 
 50th anniversary of any event; a 
 year of special indulgence granted 
 by the Pope every 25th year. 
 
 Judsean (-de'an), adj. pertaining to 
 Judaea, &c. 
 
 Judaic (-da'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 the Jews. Also Judaical. 
 
 Judaize (-iz), v.i. to conform to the 
 rites and doctrines of the Jews : v.t. 
 bring into conformity with Judaism. 
 
 Judaism (da'izm), n. the religious 
 rites and doctrines of the Jews ; con- 
 formity to Jewish rites and doc- 
 trines. 
 
 judge (juj), n. the presiding official 
 in a court of law, having authority 
 to hear and determine civil and 
 criminal causes ; arbitrator ; connois- 
 seur ; one of the chief rulers of the 
 Israelites from the death of Joshua 
 
 ite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
jud 
 
 to the kingship of Saul : v.t. to ex- 
 amine and pass sentence upon ; dis- 
 tinguish ; consider : v.t . to come to a 
 conclusion by comparison and con- 
 sideration ; hear and determine a 
 case, and pass sentence. 
 
 judgment ('ment), n. the act of 
 judging ; a judicial decision ; mental 
 faculty of deciding correctly by the 
 comparison of facts and ideas ; pen- 
 etration ; intelligence ; criticism ; 
 opinion ; punishment inflicted by 
 God ; the final trial of mankind by 
 God (with the) ; judgment-day. 
 
 judicature ('di-ka-tur), n. a court of 
 justice ; power of dispensing justice 
 by legal trial and judgment. 
 
 judicial (-dish'al), adj. pertaining to 
 courts of justice or to the adminis- 
 tration of justice ; proceeding from, 
 or inflicted by, a court of justice ; 
 impartial. 
 
 judicially (-li), adv. in a judicial 
 manner. 
 
 judiciary ('i-a-ri), adj. pertaining to 
 courts of justice ; passing judgment : 
 n. judges collectively ; that branch of 
 a government concerned with the ad- 
 ministration of civil and criminal 
 law. 
 
 judicious ('us), adj. prudent; dis- 
 creet. 
 
 jug, v.t . to put into a jug ; to cook in 
 a jug ; to imprison : v.i. to imitate 
 the cry of a nightingale ; to nestle 
 together as birds : n. an earthenware 
 vessel with a handle, used to carry 
 liquids ; a jail or prison. 
 
 juggle (jug'l), v.t. to cheat by arti- 
 fice : v.i. to conjure : n. a trick by 
 sleight of hand ; imposture. 
 
 jugglery ('ler-i), n. [pi. juggleries 
 (-iz)], legerdemain; imposture. 
 
 jugular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining to 
 the neck or throat or jugular vein : 
 n. a jugular vein. 
 
 juice (joos), n. sap; the fluid parts 
 of animal bodies. 
 
 juicy (joo'si), adj. full of juice. 
 
 jujube (,'joob), n. a kind of lozenge; 
 the edible fruit of a shrub. 
 
 julep ('lep), n. a drink composed of 
 brandy or whisky sweetened and 
 flavored ; a mixture of sugar and 
 water serving as a vehicle for ad- 
 ministering medicine. 
 
 jun 
 
 Julian ('lian), adj. pertaining to 
 Julius Caesar, or to the Julian cal- 
 endar as adjusted by Julius Csesar 
 46 B.C. : replaced by the Gregorian 
 year (New Style) in England, 1752. 
 
 julienne (zhoo-li-en'), n. a clear meat 
 soup with chopped carrots, &c. 
 
 jumble ( jum'bl) , n. a confused mass ; 
 a kind of thin cake : v.t. to mix in a 
 confused mass ; throw together with- 
 out order : v.i. to mix or unite con- 
 fusedly. 
 
 jumbo ('bo), n. a huge person or 
 animal. 
 
 jump (jump), n. a spring or bound; 
 the space jumped ; in mining, a 
 fault : v.t. to cause to spring or 
 bound ; leap over ; to take possession 
 of (a mining claim) during the ab- 
 sence of its owner : v.i. to spring 
 upward or forward. 
 
 jumper ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, jumps ; a name applied to 
 certain religious sects who practice 
 dancing under religious excitement ; 
 a hooded Arctic fur jacket. 
 
 junction (jungk'shun), n. the act of 
 being joined ; union ; a point or place 
 of union. 
 
 juncture ('tur), n. the point or line 
 at which two bodies are joined ; 
 joint ; articulation ; particular or 
 critical occasion. 
 
 jungle (jung'gl), n. a dense tropical 
 thicket of forest trees, brushwood, 
 tall grasses, &c. 
 
 jungly ('gli), adj. pertaining to, or 
 covered with, jungle. 
 
 junior (joon'yer), adj. younger; of 
 lower standing ; pertaining to youth : 
 n. the younger of two ; one of lower 
 standing. 
 
 juniority (-yor'i-ti), n. junior state. 
 
 juniper (jod'ni-per), n. a shrub, the 
 berries of which are used in flavor- 
 ing gin. 
 
 junk (jungk), n. short pieces of old 
 cable, rope, &c, used for making 
 mats, oakum, &c. ; hard salt ship 
 beef; a Chinese flat-bottomed vessel 
 with a square bow and high stern, 
 having the mast in one piece. 
 
 junket (jung'ket), n. a preparation 
 of curds and cream ; a variety of 
 sweetmeat ; excursion ; picnic : v.i. to 
 participate in an excursion or picnic. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
junta (jun'ta), n. a legislative assem- 
 bly or council. 
 
 junto ('to), n. [pi. juntos ('toz)], a 
 secret council of state ; faction ; ca- 
 bal. 
 
 jupon (joo'pon), n. a petticoat. Also 
 jupe. 
 
 juridical (-rid'i-kal), adj. pertaining 
 to law, judicial proceedings, or juris- 
 prudence. 
 
 jurisconsult (-ris-kon'sult), n. a 
 jurist. 
 
 jurisdiction (dik'shun), n. legal au- 
 thority ; extent of power ; district 
 over which any authority extends. 
 
 jurisprudence (-proo'dens), n. legal 
 science ; system of laws of a country. 
 
 jurist ('rist), n. one skilled in legal 
 science. 
 
 juror ('rer), n. a juryman. 
 
 jury ('ri), n. a body of men, usually 
 twelve, selected according to law and 
 sworn to inquire into or decide on 
 the evidence before them ; a commit- 
 tee of experts selected to award 
 prizes, &c, at a public exhibition, 
 &c. 
 
 jury-mast (-mast), n. a temporary 
 mast. 
 
 jus (jus), n. a right that may be le- 
 gally enforced. 
 
 just (just), adj. comformable to di- 
 vine or human laws ; upright ; im- 
 partial ; faithful ; exact ; regular ; 
 fair : adv. exactly ; barely ; nearly ; 
 almost; perfectly. 
 
 juste-au-corps (zhust'o-cor), n. a 
 17th century female outer garment ; 
 an 18th century long-skirted, close- 
 fitting man's coat. 
 
 justice (jus'tis), n. the quality of be- 
 
 juz 
 
 ing just ; rectitude in dealing with 
 others ; impartiality ; a judge or 
 magistrate. 
 
 justiciary (-tish'i-a-ri), n. [pi. jus- 
 ticiaries (-riz)], a judge. 
 
 justifiable ( 'ti-f i'a-bl ) , adj. defensi- 
 ble. 
 
 justifiably (-bli), adv. so as to be 
 justifiable. 
 
 justification (-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of justifying ; vindication or defense ; 
 the act of acceptance of a man by 
 God as justified by the merits of 
 Jesus Christ. 
 
 justify ('ti-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. justi- 
 fied, p.pr. justifying], to show or 
 prove to be just or right ; vindicate ; 
 pardon ; accept and treat as just on 
 the ground of faith and repentance : 
 v.i. to conform to each other by 
 proper spacing, as lines of type. 
 
 jut (jut), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. jutted, p.pr. 
 jutting], project beyond the main 
 body. 
 
 jute (joot), n. the fiber of an East 
 Indian plant used for ropes, bag- 
 ging, mats, &c. m 
 
 juvenescence (joo-ve-nes'ens), n. a 
 growing young. 
 
 juvenescent Cent), adj. becoming 
 young; 
 
 juvenile ('ve-nil), adj. youthful; 
 characteristic of, or suitable to, 
 youth : n. a young person. 
 
 juvenility (-nil'i-ti), n. youthfulness. 
 
 juxta, a prefix meaning near, as juxta- 
 position. 
 
 juxtabasal (jux'ta-ba'sal), a. next 
 to the basal or lowest part. 
 
 juzail (ju'zel), n. a clumsy Afghan 
 rifle. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; m5, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, ^en. 
 
Kaaba (kii'ba), n. the shrine at Mec- 
 ca towards which all Mohammedans 
 turn when praying. 
 
 Kaffir (kaf'er), n. any member of one 
 of the Bantu tribes of South Africa ; 
 the Kaffir language ; one of a non- 
 Mohammedan race of Northern Af- 
 ghanistan ; an infidel. Also Kafir, 
 Kaffre, Caffre. 
 
 kaftan (kaftan), n. a kind of vest 
 worn in Oriental countries. Also 
 caftan. 
 
 kago (kag'o), n. a Japanese palan- 
 quin. 
 
 kaiser (ki'zer), w. the title of the em- 
 perors of Germany and Austria. 
 
 kaki (ka'ke), n. the Japanese date- 
 plum. 
 
 kale (kal), n. a cabbage with open 
 curled leaves ; sea-kale. Also kail. 
 
 kaleidoscope (ka-li'do-skop), n. an 
 optical instrument which by an ar- 
 rangement of mirrors causes objects 
 viewed through it to appear in a 
 variety of symmetrical and beautiful 
 patterns. 
 
 kalendar, kalends, see calendar, &c. 
 
 kali (ka'le), n. a species of glass- 
 wort, the ashes of which are used in 
 glass manufacture ; caustic potash ; 
 a Persian carpet. 
 
 kalif, same as caliph. 
 
 Kalmuck (kal'muk), adj. pertaining 
 to the Western Mongols, or to their 
 languag^. 
 
 kalmuck, n. a rough hairy kind of 
 cloth. 
 
 kami (ka'mi), n. a Japanese title 
 equivalent to English Lord. 
 
 kamis (-mes'), n. a long shirt worn 
 by Mohammedans. 
 
 Kanaka (ka-na'ka), n. a Sandwich 
 Islander. 
 
 kangaroo (kang-ga-roo'), n. a her- 
 bivorous marsupial mammal peculiar 
 to Australia, having short fore legs 
 and long powerful hind legs, with 
 which it leaps. 
 
 kaolin (ka'6-lin), n. china or porce- 
 lain clay. 
 
 karat, same as carat. 
 
 karyo, a prefix meaning nucleus, oc- 
 curring in various scientific words. 
 
 katakana ( kat-a-ka'na. ) , n. the square 
 style of writing of the Japanese. 
 
 kayak (ka'yak), n. an Eskimo seal- 
 skin canoe. Also kaiak, kajak. 
 
 kea ( ke'a ) , n. a New Zealand parrot, 
 which feeds on carrion and attacks 
 sheep. 
 
 keckle (kek'l), v.t. to preserve (a 
 rope, &c.) from chafing by a cover- 
 ing of canvas, &c. 
 
 kedge (kej), n. a light anchor used in 
 warping : v.t. to warp. 
 
 keel (kel), n. the chief and lowest 
 timber of a vessel extending from 
 stem to stern and supporting the 
 whole frame : hence a ship ; a low, 
 flat-bottomed coal-barge; the lowest 
 petals of the corolla of a papiliona- 
 ceous flower ; carina : v.t. to furnish 
 with a keel : v.i. turn up the keel ; 
 give up. 
 
 keel-boat ('bot), n. a large covered 
 freight boat. 
 
 keelhaul ('hawl), v.t. to drag under 
 water beneath the bottom of a ship 
 from one side to the other : formerly 
 a naval punishment ; reprimand 
 sternly. 
 
 keelson ('sun), n. a beam or timber 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
kee 
 
 laid on the middle of the floor tim- 
 bers over the keel of a vessel to 
 strengthen it. Kelson. 
 
 keen (ken), adj. sharp; eager ; pierc- 
 ing ; bitter ; acute : n. a shrill bitter 
 wail [Irish]. 
 
 keep (kep), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. kept, p. 
 pr. keeping] , to have the care of ; 
 guard ; preserve ; maintain ; do ; ob- 
 serve ; fulfil ; supply with the neces- 
 saries of life ; detain ; confine : v.i. 
 to remain in any state or condition : 
 n. subsistence; the stronghold or 
 donjon of a mediaeval castle. 
 
 keeping ('ing), n. care; custody; 
 charge ; subsistence ; harmony ; con- 
 gruity. 
 
 keepsake ('sak), n. something kept 
 as a souvenir of the giver. 
 
 keeve (kev), n. a large vat or tub. 
 
 keg (keg), n. a small barrel. 
 
 kelp (kelp), n. the calcined ashes of 
 sea-weeds, from which iodine is ob- 
 tained ; a large coarse seaweed or 
 wrack. 
 
 kelpie (kel'pi), n. a malevolent water- 
 sprite, supposed to take the form of 
 a horse. 
 
 Kelt, same as Celt. 
 
 kemp (kemp), n. coarse rough hair 
 or wool ; refuse of fur. 
 
 ken (ken), n. view; knowledge: v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. kenned, p.pr. kenning], 
 to know; descry [Scotch]. 
 
 kendal ('dal), n. a coarse green cloth. 
 
 kennel ('el), n. a house for a dog or 
 pack of hounds ; lair of a fox ; street 
 gutter ; vile lodging : v.t. to confine 
 in a kennel : v.i. to live in a kennel. 
 
 keno (ke'no), n. a game of chance 
 played with numbered balls and 
 cards. 
 
 kepi (kep'i), n. a military cap with 
 a straight vizor. 
 
 keratin (ker'a-tin), n. the principal 
 constituent of hair, nails, and horn. 
 
 kerite (ke'rit), n. an insulating ma- 
 terial made of vulcanized rubber. _ 
 
 kermes (ker'mez), n. the dried bodies 
 of a cochineal insect {Coccus ilicis), 
 furnishing a scarlet dye ; an oxysul- 
 phide of antimony of a deep cherry 
 color ; a festival or fair. 
 
 kern (kern), n. the overhanging part 
 of a type. 
 
 kernel ( 'el ) , n. a grain or seed ; the 
 
 kid 
 
 edible substance of a nut or fruit 
 stone ; essence. 
 
 kerosene ('o-sen), n. refined petro- 
 leum. 
 
 Kerry ( 'i ) , n. an Irish breed of cattle. 
 
 kersey ('zi), n. a coarse smooth-faced 
 cloth. 
 
 kerseymere (-mer), n. cassimere. 
 
 kestrel (kes'trel), n. a kind of hawk. 
 
 ketch (kech), n. a stoutly-built, two- 
 masted, fore-and-aft rigged vessel. 
 
 ketchup ('up), n. a sauce prepared 
 from tomatoes, mushrooms, &c. 
 Also catsup and catchup. 
 
 kettle (ket'l), n. a metallic vessel 
 for boiling liquids. 
 
 kettledrum (-drum), n: a hemi- 
 spherical copper drum ; afternoon 
 tea party. 
 
 key (ke), n. a portable metal instru- 
 ment for operating a lock ; an in- 
 strument by which something is 
 turned, secured, or operated upon ; 
 clef ; solution ; literal translation : 
 v.t. fasten or connect with a key. 
 
 keynote ('not), n. the fundamental 
 note ; ruling principle. 
 
 keystone ('ston), n. central stone of 
 an arch. 
 
 khaki (ka'ki), n. a light drab-col- 
 ored cloth. 
 
 khan (kan), n. an Asiatic prince, 
 chief, or governor ; a caravanserai. 
 
 khanate ('at), n. the jurisdiction of 
 a khan. 
 
 khedive (ke-dev'), n. the official title 
 of the Viceroy of Egypt. 
 
 khedeviate (-de'vi-at), n. the juris- 
 diction of the khedive. 
 
 kick (kik), n. a blow with the foot; 
 a recoil : v.t. to strike with the foot : 
 v.i. recoil ; resist. 
 
 kickshaw ('shaw), n. something fan- 
 ciful or out of the way ; a delicacy. 
 
 kid (kid), n. the young of the goat, or 
 its soft skin used for gloves, &c. ; a 
 child; a small wooden tub: adj. 
 made of kid : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. kidded, 
 p.pr. kidding], to bring forth a kid: 
 v.t. to furnish or cover with kid; 
 humbug. 
 
 kiddle (kid'l), n. a wicker fish-weir. 
 
 kidnap ('nap), v.t. to get forcible 
 and illegal possession of (human be- 
 ings, especially children). 
 
 kidney ('ni), «-. [pi. kidneys ('niz)L 
 
 Ute, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 v. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
kil 
 
 kit 
 
 one of two oblong flattened organs 
 which separate the urine from the 
 blood ; anything resembling a kid- 
 ney ; sort or kind. 
 
 kilerg (kil'erg), n. a unit of energy 
 = 1,000 ergs. 
 
 kill (kil), v.t. to deprive of life; de- 
 stroy ; slay. 
 
 kiln (kil), n. a furnace, oven, or pile 
 for burning, drying, or hardening. 
 
 kilogramme ('o-gram), n. 1,000 
 
 grammes 
 
 .2046 lbs. 
 
 kiloliter (-le'tr), n. 1,000 liters = 
 220 imperial gals, (about). 
 
 kilometer (-me'tr), n. 1,000 meters 
 = 3,280.8 feet. 
 
 kilt (kilt), n. a short petticoat or 
 philibeg of the Scottish Highland- 
 ers : v.t. to form into broad, flat 
 plaits ; tuck up [Scotch], 
 
 kimono (ki-mo'no), n. the loose outer 
 robe of the Japanese. 
 
 kin (kin), n. consanguinity; relation- 
 ship ; kindred ; a Chinese lute. 
 
 kind (kind), adj. benevolent; indul- 
 gent ; affectionate ; sympathetic : n. 
 genus or species ; quality ; variety ; 
 sort. 
 
 kindergarten (kin'der-gar-ten), n. 
 a school for young children in which 
 they are taught by diverting object 
 lessons, &c. 
 
 kindle (kind'l), v.t. to set fire to; in- 
 flame. 
 
 kindliness (kind'li-nes), n. kindly 
 disposition. 
 
 kindly ('li), adj. [comp. kindlier, 
 superl. kindliest], benevolent; sym- 
 pathetic ; beneficial ; natural : adv. 
 in a kindly manner. 
 
 kindness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being kind; a kind act. 
 
 kindred (kin'dred), adj. of like na- 
 ture or character ; cognate : n. rela- 
 tionship by birth or marriage; con- 
 sanguinity. 
 
 kinematics ^mn-e-mat'iks), n. the 
 science of pure motion. 
 
 kinetic ( ki-net'ik ) , adj. pertaining 
 to, or imparting, motion ; active : 
 n.pl. that branch of dynamics which 
 treats of the action of forces in 
 causing or influencing motion. 
 
 kinetograpk (-ne'to-graf), n. an ap- 
 paratus for taking photographs of 
 moving objects and afterwards re- 
 
 producing them on a screen, as if 
 in actual motion. 
 
 king (king), n. a male sovereign or 
 ruler ; a piece or card representing 
 a king in a game ; one who is spe- 
 cially distinguished in the same 
 class or kind. 
 
 kingdom ('dum), n. the territory 
 ruled by a king or queen ; royal au- 
 thority ; sphere of influence ; primary 
 division. 
 
 kingfisher (-er), n. a fish-eating 
 bird with bright blue and green or 
 slate-blue and white plumage. 
 
 king wood ('wood), n. sl hard violet- 
 tinted wood imported from Brazil : 
 used in turnery and cabinet-making. 
 
 kink (kingk), n. a twist in a rope or 
 thread when doubled ; whim : v.t. & 
 v.i. to form kinks. 
 
 kinkajou (king'ka-joo), n. a South 
 American carnivorous mammal with 
 a long prehensile tail. 
 
 kinnikinic (kin-i-ki-nik'), n. a kind 
 of tobacco smoked by the American 
 Indians, made of the leaves of the 
 sumac, willow, &c. 
 
 kino (ki'no), n. an astringent gum, 
 used in medicine, tanning, &c. 
 
 kinsfolk (kins'fok), n. relatives. 
 
 kiosk (ki-osk'), n. a Turkish open 
 pavilion or summer house. 
 
 kip (kip), n. the untanned skin of a 
 calf or small cattle. 
 
 kipper ('er), n. a salmon after 
 spawning; a salmon, herring, &c, 
 cut open, salted, and smoke-dried : 
 v.t. to cure, as a salmon. 
 
 kirk (kerk), n. a church; the Church 
 of Scotland (with the) [Scotch]. 
 
 kirtle (ker'tl), n. an upper garment; 
 petticoat : v.t. to array in a kirtle. 
 
 kismet (kis'met), n. fate; destiny. 
 
 kiss (kis), n. a salute or caress with 
 the lips ; a slight touch : v.t. to sa- 
 lute with the lips ; touch slightly : 
 v.i. to caress mutually with the lips. 
 
 kist (kist), n. a chest or box. 
 
 kit (kit), n. a small wooden tub; a 
 small violin ; traveling necessaries, 
 outfit, &c. ; set ; a large bottle ; a 
 family or brood. 
 
 kitcat (kit'kat) , n. a portrait 28 x 36 
 in. showing half the length. 
 
 kitchen (kich'en), n. a room set 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
kit 
 
 kno 
 
 apart for cooking ; ship's galley : adj. 
 pertaining to the kitchen. 
 
 kitchener (-er), n. a cooking range. 
 
 kite (kit), n. a rapacious bird of 
 prey ; a light frame of wood cov- 
 ered with paper or linen for flying 
 in the air ; a light lofty sail ; an ac- 
 commodation bill. 
 
 kith (kith), n. acquaintance. 
 
 kitten (kit'n), n. a young cat. 
 
 kittiwake ('i-wak), n. a gull. 
 
 kiwi (ke'wi), n. a New Zealand bird 
 with a long bill. 
 
 kleptomania (klep-to-ma'ni-a), n. a 
 form of insanity manifesting itself 
 in an irresistible propensity to steal. 
 
 kleptomaniac ('ni-ak), n. one who 
 is under the influence of klepto- 
 mania. 
 
 knack (nak), n. adroitness; dex- 
 terity. 
 
 knacker ('er), n. a horse-slaugh- 
 terer ; dealer in worn-out horses. 
 
 knapsack (nap'sak), n. a leather or 
 cloth traveling case carried on the 
 back. 
 
 knapweed ('wed), n. a purple-flow- 
 ered plant ; bachelor's button. 
 
 knave (nav), n. a dishonest or de- 
 ceitful person ; a court-card with the 
 figure of a soldier or servant. 
 
 knavery ('er-i), n. [pi. knaveries 
 (-iz)], dishonesty; fraud; deceit. 
 
 knavish ( 'ish ) , adj. dishonest ; mis- 
 chievous. 
 
 knead (ned), v.t. to work into a mass, 
 as dough ; operate upon in massage ; 
 mold. 
 
 knee (ne), n. the articulation of the 
 leg and thigh bones ; anything re- 
 sembling a knee : v.t . to connect or 
 strengthen with knees. 
 
 knee-breeches ('brich-ez), n.pl. 
 breeches reaching just below the 
 knee. 
 
 kneecap ('kap), n. a flattened oval 
 bone on the forepart of the knee- 
 joint ; patella. Also kneepan. 
 
 kneel (nel), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. knelt, 
 p.pr. kneeling], to bend, or fall 
 upon, the knees. 
 
 knell (nel), n. the sound of a bell 
 when struck, especially a funeral 
 bell ; an ill omen : v.t. & v.i. to sound 
 or toll, as a funeral bell. 
 
 knickerbockers (nik'er-bok-erz), n. 
 
 pi. wide breeches gathered in below 
 the knee. 
 
 knickknack ('nak), n. a little orna- 
 mental trifle ; kickshaw. 
 
 knife (nif), n. [pi. knives (-nivz)], 
 a cutting instrument with a sharp- 
 edged blade set in a handle : v.t. to 
 stab with a knife. 
 
 knight (nit), n. one who holds non- 
 hereditary rank next below a baro- 
 net, entitling him to the prefix Sir; 
 in mediaeval times, one of gentle 
 birth, who, after serving as an es- 
 quire, was admitted by certain cere- 
 monies to military rank ; a cham- 
 pion ; lover ; one of the pieces in 
 chess : v.t. to confer the honor of 
 knighthood upon. 
 
 knightage ('aj), n. knights collec- 
 tively. 
 
 knight-errant (-er'ant), n. [pi. 
 knights-errant], in the Middle Ages, 
 a knight who went in quest of ad- 
 venture, to show his prowess, chiv- 
 alry, &c. 
 
 knight-errantry (-tri), n. the prac- 
 tices or customs of knights-errant. 
 
 knighthood ('hood), n. the charac- 
 ter, rank, or dignity, of a knight. 
 
 knit (nit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. knitted, 
 p.pr. knitting], to tie, unite, or draw 
 together ; weave together by nee- 
 dles ; contract. 
 
 knitting ('ing), n. the work of a 
 knitter ; the netted fabric thus wo- 
 ven ; union. 
 
 knob (nob), n. the rounded handle of 
 a door, &c. ; round protuberance ; 
 knoll. 
 
 knobby ('i), adj. full of knobs. 
 
 knock (nok), n. a blow or stroke 
 with something hard or heavy ; rap : 
 v.t. to give a blow to ; drive or 
 strike against : v.i. to strike a blow 
 with something hard or heavy. 
 
 knock-out ('out), n. a mechanical 
 device for throwing out finished 
 work ; a knock-down blow ending a 
 fight. 
 
 knoll (nol), n. a rounded hillock; 
 hilltop. 
 
 knop (nop), n. an architectural or- 
 nament of clustered leaves and flow- 
 ers ; button. 
 
 knot (not), n. an interweaving or 
 tying of thread or cord, &c. ; any- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
kno 
 
 thing resembling a knot; entangle- 
 ment ; difficulty ; a hard part in a 
 piece of wood ; part of a tree where 
 the branches shoot out ; a division 
 of a log-line (each 47.42 ft.) ; a 
 nautical mile = 2,025 yds. ; bond 
 of union ; group ; the red-breasted 
 sand-piper : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. knotted, 
 p.pr. knotting], to tie in a knot; 
 unite firmly or closely : v.i. form 
 knots or joints ; make knots for 
 fringe. 
 
 knotting ('ing), n. a kind of lace 
 work ; a paint of red lead, &c, for 
 protecting metal. 
 
 knotty ('i), adj. [comp. knottier, 
 superl. knottiest], full of knots; 
 rugged ; difficult. 
 
 knont (nout), n. a leathern whip 
 formerly used as a punishment in 
 Russia: v.t. to punish with the 
 knout. 
 
 know (n5), v.t. [p.t. knew, p.p. 
 known, p.pr. knowing], !o perceive 
 with the mind ; understand clearly ; 
 have knowledge of ; distinguish : v.i. 
 to be informed. 
 
 knowing ('ing), p. adj. having knowl- 
 edge; intelligent; shrewd; cunning; 
 stylish. 
 
 knowledge (nol'ej), n. clear percep- 
 tion of a truth or fact ; erudition ; 
 skill from practice; acquaintance; 
 information. 
 
 knuckle (nuk'l), n. the projecting 
 joint of the fingers; the knee-joint 
 of a calf or pig: v.i. to bend the 
 fingers ; yield or submit. 
 
 knur (ner), n. a hard knot or pro- 
 tuberance. Also knurl. 
 
 koa (ko'a), n. a Hawaiian tree of 
 the Acacia genus yielding a valuable 
 timber. 
 
 kobold (ko'bold), n. a dwarf goblin 
 or sprite frequenting houses, mines, 
 and caves. 
 
 kodak ('dak), n. a portable camera 
 for taking instantaneous photo- 
 graphs: v.t. to take an instanta- 
 neous picture of. 
 
 koff (kof), n. a Dutch fishing-vessel. 
 
 kohl (kol), n. powdered antimony, 
 used in the East for imparting lus- 
 ter to the eyes. 
 
 kohlrabi ('ra-bi), n. a variety of cab- 
 bage. 
 
 kym 
 
 kokra-wood (kok'ra-wood), n. the 
 wood of an Indian tree, used for 
 making flutes, &c, and in turnery. 
 
 koniscope (kon'i-skop), n. an appa- 
 ratus for determining the amount of 
 dust contained in the air. 
 
 koodoo (koo'doo), n. the striped an- 
 telope of. South Africa. 
 
 kopeck, same as copeck. 
 
 kopi (ko'pi), n. an African peasant. 
 
 kopje (kop'ye), n. a hillock [South 
 Africa.] 
 
 Koran, see Alcoran. 
 
 koto (kd'td), n. a Japanese musical 
 instrument, somewhat resembling 
 the zither. 
 
 koumiss (koo'mis), n. a spirituous 
 beverage made by the Tartars from 
 fermented mare's milk. Also kumiss. 
 
 kowtow (ko-tou'), n. a Chinese form 
 of salutation from an inferior to a 
 superior by touching the ground 
 with the forehead : v.i. salute by the 
 kowtow. Also kotow. 
 
 kraal (krawl), n. an African village 
 consisting of a group of huts sur- 
 rounded by a palisade ; a single 
 hut ; a sheepfold, or cattle-pen. 
 
 kraken (kra'ken), n. a sea-monster 
 said to have been seen off the Nor- 
 wegian coast. 
 
 kremlin (krem'lin), n. a Russian 
 citadel, especially that of Moscow. 
 
 kreutzer (kroit'ser), n. an Austrian 
 copper coin = % of a cent ; former- 
 ly a German coin = 2-3 of a pent. 
 
 kriegspiel (kreg'spel), n. a military 
 game with blocks to represent the 
 various sections of an army as if in 
 actual warfare. 
 
 krone (kro'na), n. [pi. kroner 
 ('ner)], a coin (crown) current in 
 Teutonic and Scandinavian coun- 
 tries = 27 cents. 
 
 kiiinmel (kem'el), n. a German and 
 Russian liqueur, flavored with cara- 
 way seeds. 
 
 kutch (kuch), n. the packet of vel- 
 lum leaves in which gold is placed 
 to be beaten. 
 
 kyanize (ki'an-iz), v.t. to impreg- 
 nate (wood) for preservation with a 
 solution of corrosive sublimate. 
 
 kymograph (-mo'graf), n. an ap- 
 paratus for determining the pres- 
 sure of blood. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
la (la), n. the sixth note of the 
 scale [Mus.]. 
 
 laager Cger), n. an extemporized 
 camp for defense, formed with wag- 
 ons, &c. : v.t. to protect by a laager 
 [South Africa]. 
 
 label (la'bel), n. a small slip of 
 paper, &c, attached to anything to 
 indicate its destination, ownership, 
 &c. ; codicil ; a projecting molding : 
 v.t. to mark with, or affix, a label ; 
 classify. 
 
 labial (la'bi-al), adj. formed by the 
 lips : n. a letter representing a 
 sound so formed. 
 
 labiate ('bi-at), adj. lipped. 
 
 labiodental (-o-den'tal), adj. formed 
 by the lips and teeth. 
 
 labionasal (-na'zal), adj. formed by 
 the lips and nose. 
 
 labium ('bi-um), n. [pi. labia (-a)], 
 a lip or lip-like organ. 
 
 labor ('ber), n. toil or exertion, phys- 
 ical or mental ; effort ; difficulty ; 
 pain ; parturition : v.t. to cause to 
 toil ; fabricate : v.i. to exert muscu- 
 lar strength ; use mental efforts ; be 
 hard pressed ; take pains ; move 
 slowly ; pitch and roll heavily ; suf- 
 fer the pains of childbirth. 
 
 laboratory (lab'or-a-to-ri), n. [pi. 
 laboratories (-riz)], a place where 
 scientific experiments and operations 
 are carried on. 
 
 laborious (la-bo'ri-us), adj. difficult; 
 toilsome. 
 
 labradorite (lab'ra-dor-it), n. a 
 feldspar displaying an iridescent 
 play of colors. 
 
 labrum (la'brum), n. [pi. labra 
 ('bra)], the lip-like shield of an in- 
 sect's mouth. 
 
 labrus (la'brus), adj. thick lipped. 
 
 laburnum (la-ber'num), n. an orna- 
 mental tree with pendent yellow 
 flowers. 
 
 labyrinth (lab'i-rinth), n. a series of 
 intricate winding passages : from the 
 structure made in Crete by Daeda- 
 lus ; a maze ; inexplicable difficulty ; 
 the winding cavities of the internal 
 ear ; a series of troughs through 
 which o*e slime is passed and the 
 metallic particles deposited. 
 
 lac (lak), n. sl resinous substance 
 formed on certain trees by an in- 
 sect (Carteria lacca) ; the inspis- 
 sated sap of varous trees ; the sum of 
 100,000 rupees =. $500,000 (about). 
 
 lace (las), n. an ornamental fabric 
 of fine linen, cotton thread, gold or 
 silver, &c, curiously woven ; a cord 
 used for binding or fastening : v.t. 
 to fasten with a lace; adorn with 
 lace ; beat. 
 
 lacerate (las'er-at), v.t. to rend; 
 wound. 
 
 laceration (-a'shun), n. the act of 
 rending; a harrowing of the feel- 
 ings ; a rent. 
 
 lachrymal ('ri-mal), adj. pertaining 
 to tears. 
 
 lachrymose ('ri-mos), adj. tearful; 
 sad. 
 
 lack (lak), v.t. to be destitute of: 
 v.i. to be in need ; to be deficient ; 
 come short : n. want : failure. 
 
 lackadaisical (-a-da'zi-kal), adj. af- 
 fectedly pensive or sentimental. 
 
 lackey ('i), n. a menial attendant; 
 footman: v.t. to wait upon, as a 
 lackey : v.i. act servilely. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue. hut: think, then. 
 
lac 
 
 lam 
 
 laconic (-kon'ik), adj. expressing 
 much in few words. Also laconical. 
 
 laconically (-al-li), adv. briefly. 
 
 lacquer (lak'er), n. a varnish con- 
 sisting of shellac dissolved in alco- 
 hol and variously colored : v.t. to 
 varnish with lacquer. 
 
 lacrosse (la-kros'), n. a Canadian 
 game resembling football, but played 
 with a netted bat (crosse). 
 
 lact, a prefix meaning mile, as lactic, 
 adj. pertaining to milk. Also lacti, 
 lacto. 
 
 lactarine (lak'ta-rin), n. a prepara- 
 tion of casein or milk curds : used 
 extensively in calico printing. 
 
 lactation (-ta'shun), n. secretion of 
 milk ; the act or period of suckling. 
 
 lacteal ('te-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or like, milk ; conveying chyle : n.pl. 
 the lymphatic vessels which convey 
 chyle from the intestines to the tho- 
 racic-duct. 
 
 lactic, see under lact. 
 
 lactic acid ('tik as'id), n. a bitter 
 acid contained in sour milk. 
 
 lactometer (-tom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for ascertaining the spe- 
 cific gravity of milk. 
 
 lacuna (la-ku'na), n. [pi. lacunae 
 ('ne) ], a blank space ; hiatus ; small 
 pit or hollow. 
 
 lacustrine (-kus'trin), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a lake. 
 
 lad (lad), n. a boy or youth; com- 
 rade. 
 
 ladder ('er), n. a framework con- 
 sisting of two parallel side pieces 
 connected by bars, &c., forming 
 steps at suitable distances ; any- 
 thing by which one climbs or as- 
 cends. 
 
 laddie ('i), n. a lad [Scotch]. 
 
 lade (lad), v.t. [p.t. laded, p.p. laded, 
 laden, p.pr. lading], to load; bur- 
 den ; iieave or throw out. 
 
 lading ('ing), n. the act of loading; 
 freight. 
 
 ladle ('!), w. a deep spoon for serving 
 out liquids : v.t. to dip up with a 
 ladle. 
 
 l&drone (la-dron'), n> a robber; ban- 
 dit ; guerrilla. 
 
 lady (la'di), n. [pi. ladies ('diz)], a 
 
 well-bred woman ; the title of the 
 wife of a knight or a superior in 
 rank to him ; the daughter of a 
 duke, marquis, or earl ; mistress of a 
 house. 
 
 ladybird (-berd), n. a red coleop- 
 terous insect marked with black 
 spots. 
 
 ladyship (-ship), n. the rank or title 
 of a lady (with her or your). 
 
 lag (lag), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. lagged, p.pr. 
 lagging], to move slowly; loiter; 
 stay behind : v.t. cause to be ar- 
 rested or punished : adj. long de- 
 layed ; last : n. retardation of me- 
 chanical movement. 
 
 lager beer (la'ger ber), n. a German 
 beer suitable for storing. 
 
 laggard (lag'erd), n. a slow person; 
 loiterer : adj. backward ; slow. 
 
 lagoon (la-goon'), n. a shallow lake 
 formed at the mouth of a river or 
 near the sea ; marsh or fen. 
 
 Lagtbing (lag'ting), n. the Norwe- 
 gian Upper House of Parliament. 
 
 laic (la'ik), adj. pertaining to the 
 laity. 
 
 laid (lad), p.t. & p.p. of lay; marked 
 with fine parallel ribbed lines : said 
 of paper. 
 
 lain, p.p. of lie. 
 
 lair (lar), n. the covert of a wild 
 beast. 
 
 laity (la'i-ti), n. the people, as dis- 
 tinguished from the clergy. 
 
 lake (lak), n. a large body of water 
 surrounded by land ; a pigment. 
 
 lama (la/ma), n. a Tibetan Buddhist 
 priest, monk, or nun. 
 
 lamb (lam), n. the young of a sheep ; 
 one who is gentle or innocent ; an 
 inexperienced speculator : v.i. to 
 bring forth lambs. 
 
 lambent ('bent), adj. playing about; 
 flickering ; touching lightly. 
 
 lambkin ('kin), n. a little lamb. 
 
 lambrequin (lam'bre-kin), n. a fes- 
 tooned drapery, hanging from the 
 upper part of a window, doorway, 
 &c. 
 
 lambskin ('skin), n. the skin of a 
 lamb dressed with the fleece on and 
 frequently colored. 
 
 lambswool ('zwool), n. the wool of 
 lambs ; a beverage composed of ale 
 
 ate, arm, Ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut; think, taen. 
 
lam 
 
 laffl 
 
 with nutmeg, sugar, and the pulp 
 of roasted apples. 
 
 lame (lam), adj. crippled or disabled 
 in the limbs ; not sound or efficient : 
 v.t. to cripple or disable. 
 
 lamella (la-mel'a), n. [pi. lamellae 
 ('e) ], a thin scale or plate. 
 
 lamellar (lam'e-lar), adj. composed 
 of lamellae. 
 
 lamelli, a prefix? meaning a plate or 
 scale, found in various scientific 
 words, as lamelliiorm: adj. scale- 
 like. 
 
 lamely (lam'li), adv. in a lame man- 
 ner. 
 
 lameness ('nes), n. state of being 
 lame. 
 
 lament (-ment'), v.t. to mourn for: 
 v.i. to express sorrow : n. an expres- 
 sion of sorrow; lamentation. 
 
 lamentable (lam'en-ta-bl), adj. to be 
 lamented ; mournful ; pitiable. 
 
 lamentably (-bli), adv. in a lamen- 
 table manner. 
 
 lamentation (-ta'shun), n. grief 
 audibly expressed ; outcry. 
 
 lamina (lam'i-na), n. [pi. lamina? 
 (-ne) ], a thin plate or scale ; a coat 
 or layer lying over another ; blade 
 of a leaf or petal. 
 
 laminar ('i-nar), adj. composed of 
 thin plates. Also laminary. 
 
 laminate ('i-nat), adj. composed of, 
 or arranged in, laminae. 
 
 lamination (-i-na'shun), n. divisi- 
 bility or division into thin plates. 
 
 lamp (lamp), n. a vessel for burning 
 oil, &c, with a wick ; any device for 
 producing artificial light. 
 
 lampblack ('blak), n. finely divided 
 charcoal or soot : v.t . to apply lamp- 
 black to. 
 
 lampoon (lam-poon'), n. personal 
 written satire designed to bring the 
 subject of it into contempt : v.t. to 
 satirize by a lampoon. 
 
 lamprey ('pri), n. an eel-like fish. 
 
 lanate (la'nat), adj. woolly. 
 
 lance (lans), n. a long shaft of wood 
 with a spear head ; a thrust with a 
 lancet : v.t. to pierce with a lance ; 
 cut open with a lancet. 
 
 lancelet ('let), n. the amphioxus. 
 
 lanceolate (lan'se-o-lat), adj. taper- 
 ing to a point at either end, as cer- 
 tain leaves. 
 
 lancer (lan'ser). n. a cavalry soldier 
 armed with a lance: pi. a kind of 
 quadrille. 
 
 lancet ('set), n. a surgeon's knife; a 
 lancet-shaped or pointed window. 
 
 lance wood ('wood), n. a tough elas- 
 tic wood used in coachbuilding, &c. 
 
 lanciform ('si-form), adj. lance- 
 shaped. 
 
 land (land), n. the solid portion of 
 the surface of the globe ; the earth ; 
 a country or district; real estate: 
 v.t. to set on shore; capture and 
 bring on shore ; win : v.i. to come or 
 go on shore ; disembark. 
 
 landau ('do), n. a kind of carriage. 
 
 landgrabber (land'grab-er), n. one 
 who gets possession of public land 
 by means of fraud ; in Ireland, one 
 who buys or occupies land from 
 which another has been evicted. 
 
 landlord ('16rd), n. one who has 
 tenants holding under him; the 
 keeper of a hotel or inn. Fern, land- 
 lady. 
 
 landlordism (-izm) , n. the action of 
 landlords collectively, especially with 
 respect to their landed interests. 
 
 landlubber ('lub-er), n. one not a 
 sailor. 
 
 landrail ('ral), n. the corncrake. 
 
 landscape ('skap), n. the general 
 aspect of a country, or a picture 
 representing it. 
 
 Landsthing (lans'ting), n. the Up- 
 per House of the Danish Parliament 
 (Rigsdag). 
 
 land sturm (lant'sturm), n. the last 
 reserve of the German army, only 
 called out in time of war. 
 
 Landtag ('takh), n. the Parliament 
 of one of the states comprising the 
 German Empire. 
 
 landwehr (lant'var), n. the reserve 
 or militia of the German army. 
 
 lane (Ian), n. a narrow patlj, as be- 
 tween hedges, walls, &c. ; narrow 
 street. 
 
 language (lang'gwej), n. human 
 speech ; the speech of one nation or 
 race as distinguished from that of 
 another ; style or expression peculiar 
 to an individual. 
 
 languid ('gwid), adj. wanting ener- 
 gy ; weak. 
 
 ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut r think, then. 
 
Ian 
 
 languish ('gwish), v.i. to become 
 weak or spiritless ; pine away ; look 
 with tenderness or wistfulness. 
 
 lank (langk), adj. lean; slender. 
 
 lanky ('i), adj. tall and thin. 
 
 lanner (lan'er), n. sl species of 
 hawk. 
 
 lanolin ('o-lin), n. an unctuous sub- 
 stance obtained from the wool of 
 sheep, &c. 
 
 lantern (lan'tern), n. a transparent 
 case for holding or carrying a light ; 
 the light-room of a lighthouse; a 
 small tower on the roof of a building 
 to admit light and air. 
 
 lantern- jawed (jawd), adj. having 
 a long thin face. 
 
 lanthanum (lan'tha-num), n. a rare 
 metallic element. Also lanthanium. 
 
 lanyard ('yard), n. a piece of rope, 
 cord, &c, for seizing or fastening 
 the tackle of a ship. Also laniard. 
 
 lap (lap), n. the loose part of a gar- 
 ment which may be doubled at pleas- 
 ure ; part of the body or clothes from 
 the waist to the knees of a person 
 seated ; a name for various pieces 
 of mechanism ; one length of a 
 course which has to be passed over 
 more than once in a race ; the act of 
 lapping: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lapped, 
 p.pr. lapping], to bend and spread 
 over ; lick up : v.i. to lie partially on 
 something else. 
 
 lap dog ('dog), n. a small pet dog. 
 
 lapel (la-pel') , n. part of a coat which 
 laps over. 
 
 lapid, a prefix meaning stone. 
 
 lapidary (lap'i-da-ri), n. [pi. lapi- 
 daries (-riz)], an artificer who cuts 
 and sets precious stones ; a connois- 
 seur or dealer in gems. 
 
 lapis lazuli (la'pis laz'u-li), n. a rich 
 blue stone from which ultramarine 
 was originally obtained. 
 
 Lapp (lap), n. a Laplander; the lan- 
 guage of the Lapps. 
 
 lappet ('et), n. & little loose flap. 
 
 lap sable (laps'a-bl), adj. capable of 
 lapsing. 
 
 lapse (laps), v.i. to glide or slip 
 slowly away ; fall by degrees ; com- 
 mit a slight fault or fail in duty; 
 pass to another proprietor by negli- 
 gence or death ; slide or fall anew 
 into sin : n. sl gliding or passing 
 
 lar 
 
 away slowly ; slight fault or mis- 
 take ; omission to present to a bene- 
 fice within a certain time. 
 
 lapsus ('sus), n. a slip or mistake. 
 
 lapwing (lap'wing), n. a plover-like 
 bird. 
 
 larboard (lar'bord), n. the term used 
 formerly for the port or left-hand 
 side of a ship. 
 
 larcenous ('se-nus), adj. theivish. 
 
 larceny ('se-ni), n. theft. 
 
 larch, (larch), n. a coniferous tree. 
 
 lard (lard), n. the fat of swine 
 melted down : v.t. to cover with 
 lard ; insert strips of bacon in before 
 roasting : hence to mix. 
 
 lardaceous (lar-da'shus), adj. per- 
 taining to, or resembling, lard. Also 
 lardy. 
 
 larder (Mer), n. a pantry; house- 
 hold provisions. 
 
 large (larj), adj. great in size; 
 bulky ; wide ; extensive ; comprehen- 
 sive. 
 
 largely ('li), adv. to a large extent; 
 boastfully ; before the wind : said of 
 a vessel. 
 
 largeness ('nes), n. the state of 
 being large. 
 
 largess ('jes), n. a gift or bounty. 
 
 lariat _ (lar'i-at), n. a rope or lasso, 
 especially of horsehair. 
 
 lark (lark), n. a noted song-bird of 
 the genus Alauda; a frolic. 
 
 larking ('ing), p. adj. catching larks; 
 indulging in a frolic. 
 
 larkspur ('sper), n. a plant with 
 showy blue spurred flowers. 
 
 larmier (lar'mi-er), n. a corona or 
 dripstone. 
 
 larrup (lar 'up), v.t. to beat or flog. 
 
 larva (lar'va), n. [pi. larvae ('ve)L 
 an insect in the first stage of its 
 metamorphosis after leaving the egg. 
 
 larval ('val), adj. pertaining to a 
 larva. 
 
 larviparous (-vip'a-rus), adj. pro- 
 ducing young in the state of larva 1 . 
 
 laryngeal (lar-in-je'al), appertain- 
 ing to, or situated near, the larynx. 
 
 laryngectomy (-jek'to-mi), n. the 
 operation of cutting away a part of 
 the larynx. 
 
 laryngismus (-jis'mus), n. a spas- 
 modic affection of the glottis. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 DS2. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
lar 
 
 laryngitis (-ji'tis), n. inflammation 
 of the larynx. 
 
 laryngo, a prefix meaning larynx, 
 as laryngoscope, an instrument fur- 
 nished with mirrors for inspecting 
 the larynx. 
 
 laryngo to my (-got'o-mi), n. the sur- 
 gical operation of cutting into the 
 windpipe. 
 
 larynx ('ingks), n. the upper part 
 of the trachea or windpipe. 
 
 lascar (las-kar'), n. an East Indian 
 sailor employed on a European ves- 
 sel. 
 
 lascivious (-siv'i-us), adj. lustful; 
 wanten ; exciting lust. 
 
 lash (lash), v.t. to strike with a 
 sounding blow ; whip ; scourge with 
 satire; fasten or bind with a cord 
 or rope : v.i. to apply the whip ; 
 flog: n. the thong of a whip; a 
 scourge; stroke with anything 
 pliant ; sarcasm or satire. 
 
 lasher ('er), n. one who lashes; a 
 weir. 
 
 lashing ('ing), n. a cord, rope, &c, 
 to secure or bind anything ; a whip- 
 ping. 
 
 lass (las), n. a young woman ; girl. 
 
 lassie ('i), n. a lass [Scotch]. 
 
 lassitude ('i-tud), n. weariness; lan- 
 guor. 
 
 lasso ('o), n. a rope, usually of hide, 
 with a noose, used for catching wild 
 horses and cattle : v.t. to catch with 
 a lasso. 
 
 last (last), adj. coming after all oth- 
 ers in time, place, or order ; lowest ; 
 utmost ; least likely : adv. on the last 
 time or occasion ; finally : v.i. to re- 
 main in existence or operation ; en- 
 dure : n. a wooden implement for 
 shaping boots and shoes. 
 
 lasting ('ing), adj. durable; perma- 
 nent : n. a twilled fabric used for 
 making women's shoes. 
 
 lastly ('li), adv. in the last place. 
 
 latch (lach), n. a door catch: v.t. to 
 secure or fasten with a latch. 
 
 latchet ('et), n. a shoe string. 
 
 late (lat), adj. [comp. later, superl. 
 latest], coming after the usual time ; 
 tardy ; long delayed ; far in the day 
 or night ; recent ; recently deceased : 
 adv. after delay ; recently. 
 
 lat 
 
 lateen (la-ten'), n. a triangular sail 
 used on boats on the Mediterranean, 
 &c. 
 
 lately ( 'li ) , adv. not long ago. 
 
 latency (la'ten-si), n. the state of 
 being latent. 
 
 latent ('tent), n. concealed; invis- 
 ible. 
 
 lateral (lat'er-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, proceeding from, or acting upon, 
 the side. 
 
 Later an ('er-an), n. the Papal pal- 
 ace, and the church of St. John 
 Lateran at Rome, the cathedral of 
 the Pope. 
 
 latero, a prefix meaning side. 
 
 lath (lath), n. a strip of wood. 
 
 lathe (lath), n. a machine for turn- 
 ing and polishing articles of wood, 
 metal, &c. 
 
 lather (latfft'er), n. froth made by 
 moistened soap ; profuse sweating : 
 v.t. to cover with lather. 
 
 Latin (lat'in), adj. pertaining to, 
 written, or expressed in, Latin ; per- 
 taining to Latium, ancient Rome, 
 its inhabitants or language, or the 
 races and languages derived from 
 Rome ; Roman ; Roman Catholic : n. 
 an ancient Roman ; the language of 
 ancient Rome and its literature. 
 
 Latin cross (kros), n. a cross hav- 
 ing the lowest limb longer than the 
 two sides and top. 
 
 Latinize ('in-iz), v.t. to give Latin 
 terminations, or characteristics, to ; 
 translate into Latin. 
 
 Latinism (-izm), n. a Latin idiom. 
 
 Latinist (-ist), n. a Latin scholar. 
 
 Latinity ('i-ti), n. purity of Latin 
 style or idiom. 
 
 latitude ('i-ttid), n. distance on the 
 earth's surface as measured by de- 
 grees north or south from the equa- 
 tor ; breadth ; extent ; freedom from 
 rules ; laxity ; range or scope. 
 
 latitudinal ('di-nal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to latitude ; in the direction of 
 latitude. 
 
 latitudinarian (-di-na'ri-an), adj. 
 
 % wide in range or scope ; tolerant in 
 speculative religious opinions : n. 
 one who holds latitudinarian views. 
 
 latten (lat'en), n. metal in thin 
 sheets. 
 
 Btc, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
lat 
 
 latter ('er), adj. the second of two 
 things previously mentioned ; re- 
 cent; modern. 
 
 lattice ('is), n. crossed open work 
 of metal or wood : v.t. to furnish or 
 cross with a lattice. 
 
 laud (lawd), v.t. to praise highly; 
 extol : n. praise ; worship or hymn 
 of praise. 
 
 laudable ('a-bl), adj. commendable. 
 
 laudanum ('a-num), n. a prepara- 
 tion of opium. 
 
 laudator ('a-ter), n. one who praises. 
 
 laudatory ('a-to-ri), adj. a expressing 
 praise. 
 
 laugh (laf), n. a convulsive sound 
 caused by merriment : v.i. to ex- 
 press merriment, &c, by a laugh ; 
 appear gay, pleasant, &c. ; jeer 
 (with at) : v.t. to express or utter 
 with laughter. 
 
 laughing-gas ('ing-gas), n. nitrous 
 oxide. 
 
 laughing-stock (-stok), n. object of 
 laughter. 
 
 laughter ('ter), n. convulsive merri- 
 ment. 
 
 launch (lanch), v.t. to move or cause 
 to slide into the water, as a vessel ; 
 hurl ; dart ; send forth : v.i. to put 
 to sea ; expatiate in language ; 
 plunge ; enter on a new career : n. 
 the act of launching a vessel ; 
 plunge; the largest boat of a man- 
 of-war; a large open pleasure-boat 
 usually propelled by steam, gas, or 
 electricity. 
 
 laundress (lawn'dres), n. a washer- 
 woman. 
 
 laundry ('dri), n. [pi. laundries 
 ( 'driz ) ] , a place where clothes are 
 washed and ironed. 
 
 laureate (law're-at), adj. decked or 
 invested with laurel : n. one crowned 
 with laurel ; poet-laureate. 
 
 laurel ( 'rel ) , n. an evergreen shrub ; 
 crown or wreath of laurel : hence 
 honor; distinction. 
 
 laureled ('reld), adj. crowned with 
 laurel. 
 
 lava (la'va), n. molten volcanic mat- 
 ter. 
 
 lavatory (lav'a-to-ri), n. [pi. lava- 
 tories (-riz)], a place for washing; 
 retiring-room. 
 
 lave (lav) , v.t. & v.i. to bathe or wash. 
 
 lay 
 
 lavender (lav'en-der), an aromatic 
 plant. 
 
 laver (la'ver), n. a large vessel for 
 washing in, especially the brazen 
 laver of the Jewish tabernacle and 
 temple used by the priests ; an edible 
 seaweed. 
 
 lavish (lav'ish), adj. profuse; extrav- 
 agant : v.t. expend or bestow with 
 profusion ; squander ; waste. 
 
 law (law), n. a rule of action estab- 
 lished by authority ; edict, statute, 
 or custom ; act or enactment of a 
 legislative body; jurisprudence; ju- 
 dicial process; rule or axiom of 
 science or art ; established principle ; 
 the Mosaic code. 
 
 lawful ('fool), adj. agreeable or com- 
 formable to law ; just ; legal. 
 
 lawfully (-li), adv. legally; justly. 
 
 lawless ('les), adj. not obedient to 
 or controlled by law ; not according 
 to law ; ungoverned ; unruly. 
 
 lawn (lawn), n. a plot of grass kept 
 closely mown ; fine cambric used for 
 the sleeves of a bishop's gown: 
 hence the office of a bishop. 
 
 lawn- tennis ('ten-is), n. an outdoor 
 game played with rackets, balls, and 
 a net. 
 
 lawsuit ('sut), n. an action at law. 
 
 lawyer ('yer), n. one skilled in legal 
 knowledge ; one, especially a solic- 
 itor, who practices in the law- 
 courts ; a skilled exponent of the 
 Mosaic law. 
 
 lax (laks), adj. loose; vague; weak. 
 
 laxative ('a-tiv), adj. loosening; pur- 
 gative. 
 
 laxity ('i-ti), n. the state or quality 
 of being lax. Also laxness. 
 
 lay (la), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. laid, p.pr. 
 laying], to put or place; spread 
 over ; cause to lie down ; settle ; 
 calm ; bring forward ; wager ; de- 
 posit ; exercise ; set or place secret- 
 ly ; impose ; impute : v.i. to produce 
 eggs : n. relative arrangement ; par- 
 ticular business ; share of profits ; a 
 simple song : adj. pertaining to the 
 people, as distinguished from the 
 clergy ; non-professional. 
 
 layer ('er), n. a stratum, row, or 
 bed ; runner of a plant fastened 
 down and covered with earth for 
 propagation. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boSn, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
lay 
 
 lay-figure ('fig-ur), n. an artist's 
 jointed model for hanging drapery 
 upon ; a mere puppet. * 
 
 laying ('ing), n. a sitting of eggs; 
 the first coat of plaster. 
 
 layman ('man), n. [pi. laymen 
 ('men)], one of the people, as dis- 
 tinguished from a clergyman ; a non- 
 professional man. 
 
 lazaretto (laz-a-ret'6), n. a hospital 
 for persons suffering with infectious 
 diseases ; a ship's store-room. Also 
 lazaret. 
 
 lazily (la'zi-li), adv. in a lazy man- 
 ner. 
 
 laziness (-nes), n. indolence; slug- 
 gishness. 
 
 lazulite (laz'u-lit), n. an azure blue 
 mineral. 
 
 lazy (la'zi), adj. [comp. lazier, superl. 
 laziest], idle; indolent; slothful. 
 
 lazzarone (laz-a-ro'ne), n. [pi. laz- 
 zaroni ('ni)], a Neapolitan loafer 
 who does casual work. 
 
 lea (le), n. a meadow. 
 
 leach (lech), v.t. to pass water 
 through (ashes) to form lye. 
 
 lead (led), n. a soft heavy ductile 
 bluish-grey metal ; a plummet for 
 sounding depths at sea ; a thin strip 
 of type-metal for separating lines ; 
 a stick of graphite ; a sheet of lead : 
 adj. consisting, wholly or partially, 
 of lead : v.i. to furnish with lead. 
 
 lead (led), v.t.' [p.t. & p.p. led, p.pr. 
 leading] , to conduct with the hand ; 
 guide or conduct ; precede ; allure ; 
 induce ; spend or use : v.i. to take 
 precedence ; act as a leader ; play the 
 first card or domino : n. guidance ; 
 precedence ; the right to play first. 
 
 leaded (led'ed), p.adj. separated by 
 leads; set in, or covered with, lead. 
 
 leaden ('en), adj. made of, or colored 
 like, lead; heavy; sluggish. 
 
 leader (led'er), n. one who leads ; the 
 chief editorial article of a news- 
 paper ; tendon ; the foremost horse in 
 a vehicle. 
 
 leaderette (-ef), n. a short newspa- 
 per leader. 
 
 leaf (lef), n. [pi. leaves (levz)], one 
 of the thin flat parts of a plant ; 
 anything thinly beaten ; something 
 resembling a leaf ; part of a book 
 
 lea 
 
 containing two pages ; a valved part 
 of a table, shutter, &c. 
 
 leafage ('aj), n. leaves collectively. 
 
 leaflet ('let), n. a small leaf; a tract 
 or folding circular. 
 
 leafy ('i), adj. [comp. leafier, superl. 
 leafiest], full of leaves. 
 
 league (leg), n. an alliance for mu- 
 tual interests ; confederacy ; 3 geo- 
 graphical miles : v.t. to combine for 
 mutual interests : v.i. to confederate. 
 
 leak (lek), n. a hole which lets in 
 water : v.i. to let water in or out 
 through* a hole, &c. 
 
 leakage ('aj), n. the state of a ves- 
 sel i that leaks ; allowance for loss 
 by leakage. 
 
 leal (lei), adj. true-hearted [Scotch]. 
 
 lean (len), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. leaned, 
 leant, p.pr. leaning], to incline or 
 deviate from an upright position : 
 v.t. to cause to lean ; rest : adj. thin ; 
 sterile. 
 
 lean-to ('too), n. a building whose 
 rafters rest on another building; 
 penthouse. 
 
 leap (lep), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. leaped, 
 leapt, p.pr. leaping], to pass over by 
 leaping ; jump or spring over : v.i. to 
 jump ; vault : n. the act of leaping ; 
 jump ; spring ; the space passed in 
 leaping. 
 
 leap year (yer), n. a year of 366 
 days, when February has 29 days ; 
 every year divisible by 4, except 
 those divisible by 100 but not by 
 400. 
 
 learn (lern), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. learned, 
 learnt, p.pr. learning], to acquire 
 knowledge of ; fix in the mind : v.i. 
 to gain or receive knowledge or skill. 
 
 learned ('ed), p.adj. erudite; skilled. 
 
 learning ('ing), n. skill in literature, 
 languages, or science ; knowledge ac- 
 quired. 
 
 lease (les), n. a written contract for 
 the letting of land or tenements for 
 a specified number of years ; period : 
 v.t. to let by a written contract ; 
 take a lease of. 
 
 leasehold ('hold), n. property held 
 by lease : adj. held on lease. 
 
 leash (lesh), n. a thong by which a 
 hawk or hound is held ; a brace and 
 a half; three; a band by which 
 
 ate, "arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
lea 
 
 leg 
 
 anything is held: v.t. to tie op bind 
 by a leash. 
 least (lest), adj. smallest in degree, 
 size, value, importance, &c. : adv. in 
 the lowest or smallest degree. 
 leather (leth'er) , n. the tanned and 
 curried skin of an animal ; anything 
 made of, or resembling, leather. 
 leatherback ('bak), n. the soft- 
 shelled turtle. 
 leatherette (-ef), n. imitation 
 
 leather. 
 leathern ('era), adj. made of, or re- 
 sembling, leather. 
 leave (lev), n. permission granted; 
 departure ; farewell : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 left, p.pr. leaving], to depart from; 
 forsake, abandon ; bequeath ; desist 
 from ; refer for decision : v.i. to de- 
 part ; go away. 
 leaven (lev'n), v.t. to produce fer- 
 mentation in ; taint ; imbue : n. fer- 
 ment mixed with a body to render it 
 light ; any influence working silently 
 and strongly that causes changes in 
 things or opinions. 
 lecher (lech'er), n. a lewd man. 
 lechery ('er-i), n. lustfulness ; lewd- 
 ness. 
 lectern (lek'tern), n. the reading 
 
 desk of a church. 
 lection ('shun), n. reading; a por- 
 tion of the Scriptures to be read in 
 the church service. 
 lectionary (-a-ri), n. a table of les- 
 sons. 
 lector ('ter), n. one of the minor or- 
 ders of the Roman Catholic Church ; 
 a reader. 
 lecture ('ttir), n. a formal discourse 
 on any subject ; reprimand: v.i. to 
 deliver a lecture : v.t. to reprimand. 
 ledge (lej), n. a shelf; ridge; layer; 
 
 edge. 
 ledger ('er), n. the principal account 
 
 book of a mercantile house. 
 ledger-line (-lin), n. the line either 
 
 above or below the staff [Mus.]. 
 lee (le), n. the side or quarter to- 
 wards which the wind blows; calm' 
 or sheltered side. 
 leech (lech), n. an aquatic worm fur- 
 nished with a sucker, used in medi- 
 cine for bleeding : formerly the name 
 for a physician : v.t, to bleed with 
 leeches. 
 
 leek (lek), n. a biennial plant of the 
 
 onion family with a bulbous root. 
 leer (ler), n. a sly, sidelong look 
 indicative of malice, triumph, or 
 lasciviousness : v.i. to look with a 
 leer. 
 
 lees (lez), n.pl. dregs of liquor. 
 
 leeward (le'werd), n. in the direction 
 towards which the wind blows : n. 
 lee side. 
 
 leeway (le'wa), n. the lateral drift of 
 a vessel to leeward of her course ; 
 arrears. 
 
 left (left), adj. opposite to right: n. 
 the side opposite to right : p.t. & p.p. 
 of leave. 
 
 left-handed ('hand-ed), adj. using 
 the left hand with greater strength 
 or dexterity than the right ; awk- 
 ward ; malicious ; irregular. 
 
 leg (leg), n. one of the limbs by 
 which men and animals walk, espe- 
 cially in man between the knee and 
 the ankle ; anything resembling a 
 leg, especially if used as a support ; 
 a covering for the leg ; one of the 
 fielders in cricket. 
 
 legacy ('a-si),-rc. [pi. legacies (-siz)], 
 a gift by will of money or property ; 
 bequest. 
 
 legal (le'gal), adj. pertaining to law; 
 permitted or authorized by law ; 
 legitimate. 
 
 legalize ('Iz), v.t. to make lawful; 
 sanction. 
 
 legalism (-izm), n. close adherence 
 or conformity to law ; the observ- 
 ance of the strict letter of the law 
 rather than its spirit. 
 
 legality ('i-ti), n. conformity to law. 
 
 legally ('li), adv. lawfully. 
 
 legate (leg'at), n. a papal ambassa- 
 dor ; envoy. 
 
 legatee (-a-te'), n. a person to whom 
 a legacy is bequeathed. 
 
 legatine ('a-ten), adj. pertaining to 
 a legate. 
 
 legation (le-ga'shun), n. an embas- 
 sy ; ambassador ; the official resi- 
 dence of an ambassador. 
 
 legend (lej 'end), n. a romantic or 
 non-historical story ; myth ; fable ; 
 inscription, as on a coin, coat of 
 arms, &c. 
 
 legendary ('end-a-ri), adj. fabulous; 
 mythical. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
leg 
 
 legerdemain (-er-de-man'), n. sleight 
 
 of hand. 
 legged (legd or leg'ed), adj. having 
 
 legs. 
 
 leggings (leg'ingz), n.pl. long gai- 
 ters. 
 
 Leghorn (leg'horn), n. a bonnet or 
 hat made of finely plaited Leghorn 
 straw ; a variety of domestic fowl. 
 
 legibility (lej-i-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
 of being legible. Also legibleness. 
 
 legible ('i-bl), adj. capable of being 
 read ; clear ; distinct ; apparent 
 
 legibly ('i-bli), adv. clearly; distinct- 
 ly. 
 
 legion (le'jun), n. sl division of the 
 ancient Roman army ; a great num- 
 ber ; host ; suborder. 
 
 legionary ('jun-a-ri), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or consisting of, legions ; in- 
 numerable : n. a soldier of a Roman 
 legion. 
 
 legislate (lej'is-lat), v.i. to make or 
 enact a law : v.t. to effect by legis- 
 lation. 
 
 legislation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
 making a law or laws. 
 
 legislative ('is-la-tiv), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or enacted by, legislation ; 
 having the power to legislate : n. 
 the legislature. 
 
 legislator (-la-ter), n. a lawgiver; a 
 member of a legislative assembly. 
 
 Legislature (-la-tur), n. that body 
 in a state which is invested with the 
 power of enacting and repealing 
 laws ; the legislative body of a state 
 or territory. 
 
 legitimacy (le-jit'i-ma-si), n. the 
 state of being legitimate ; lawfulness 
 of birth. 
 
 legitimate ('i-mat), adj. lawful; 
 born in wedlock ; real ; logically cor- 
 rect : v.t. to make, or sanction as, 
 lawful ; render legitimate. Also le- 
 gitimize. 
 
 legitimately (-li), adv. in a legiti- 
 mate manner. 
 
 legitimation (-ma/shun), n. the act 
 of making legitimate or lawful. 
 
 legnme (le-gum'), n. a two-valved 
 seed-vessel having its seeds attached 
 to one side only, as a pea-pod. 
 
 legumin (le-gu'min), n. vegetable 
 casein. 
 
 leo 
 
 leipoa (H-po'a), n. the native pheas- 
 ant of Australia. 
 
 leisure (le'zhur), n. spare time: adj. 
 free from business ; unoccupied. 
 
 leisured ('zhurd), adj. having leisure. 
 
 leisurely (-li), adj. done at leisure; 
 deliberate : adv. at leisure. 
 
 lemon ( 'un ) , n. the acid fruit of Cit- 
 rus Limonum; the color of a lemon : 
 adj. pertaining to, or of the color 
 of, a lemon. 
 
 lemonade (-ad), n. a beverage of 
 sweetened or aerated water flavored 
 with lemon. 
 
 lemur (le'mer), n. a small nocturnal 
 animal allied to the monkeys. 
 
 lend (lend), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lent, p.pr. y 
 lending], to grant to another for 
 temporary use ; accommodate : v.i. to 
 make a loan. 
 
 lene (le'ne), adj. unaspirated. 
 
 length (length), n. the measure of 
 anything from end to end ; extent ; 
 duration ; reach ; forty-two lines of 
 an actor's part. 
 
 lengthen ('en), v.t. to make long or 
 longer : v.i. to grow longer. 
 
 lengthily ('Hi), adv. at great length. 
 
 lengthwise ('wiz), adv. in the direc- 
 tion of the length. 
 
 lengthy ('i), adj. long and tiresome. 
 
 leniency (le'ni-en-si), n. clemency. 
 
 lenient ('ni-ent), adj. mild; merci- 
 ful. 
 
 lenitive (len'i-tiv), adj. assuaging; 
 emollient. 
 
 lenity (len'i-ti), n. mildness; human- 
 ity. 
 
 leno (le'no) , n. a kind of cotton gauze. 
 
 lens (lenz), n. a convex, or concave, 
 glass adapted for changing the di- 
 rection of rays of light and thus 
 magnifying or diminishing the ap- 
 parent size of objects ; the crystal- 
 line humor of the eye. 
 
 Lent (lent), n. a fast of 40 days (ex- 
 cluding Sundays), Ash Wednesday 
 to Easter eve. 
 
 Lenten (lent'en), adj. pertaining to 
 Lent. 
 
 lenticular (len-tik'u-lar), adj. dou- 
 bly convex. 
 
 lentil ('til), n. a leguminous plant: 
 pi. its orbicular seeds, used for food. 
 
 Leonid ('o-nid), n. one of the me- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, tfften. 
 
leo 
 
 lev 
 
 teors that fall in showers during 
 November of certain years, their 
 chief point being in the constellation 
 Leo. 
 
 leonine ('o-nin), adj. like a lion; 
 powerful ; kingly. 
 
 leopard (lep'ard), n. a large cat-like 
 beast of prey, with a beautiful spot- 
 ted skin. 
 
 leper ('er), n. one affected with lep- 
 rosy. 
 
 leprosy ('ro-si), n. [pi. leprosies 
 (-siz)], a chronic skin disease char- 
 acterized by ulcer? and white scaly 
 scabs. 
 
 leprous ('rus), adj. infected with lep- 
 rosy ; covered with white scales ; un- 
 clean. 
 
 lepto, a prefix meaning small, slender, 
 delicate, occurring in various scien- 
 tific words, as Zepfocephaly, small- 
 ness and narrowness of the skull, as 
 in certain races. Also lept. 
 
 lese-majesty (lez-maj'es-ti), n. a 
 crime against royalty or the sover- 
 eign power ; treason. 
 
 lesion (le'zhun), n. injury; morbid 
 change in a function or organism. 
 
 less (les), adj. (used as comparative 
 of little), not so much; smaller: 
 adv. in a smaller or lower degree : n. 
 a smaller quantity : suffix meaning 
 absence of a quality, without, as 
 soulless, worthless, &c. 
 
 lessee (-e'), n. a person to whom a 
 lease is granted. 
 
 lessen ('en) , v.t. to make less ; reduce. 
 
 lesser ('er), adj. a double compara- 
 tive of less. 
 
 lesson (les'n), n. that which a pupil 
 leans, or repeats, or does for a tutor ; 
 instruction or lecture given at one 
 time ; exercise ; precept ; a portion of 
 Scripture read at divine service ; ad- 
 monition. 
 
 lessor ('er), n. the grantor of a lease. 
 
 lest (lest), conj. that not; for fear 
 that. 
 
 let (let), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. let, p.pr. let- 
 ting], to permit; grant to a tenant; 
 lease ; give out on contract : v.i. to 
 be hired or leased ; suffer something 
 to be done (let in the imperative 
 mood is used to denote entreaty, per- 
 mission or command) : n. an obsta- 
 cle. 
 
 lethal (le'thal), adj. deadly; fatal. 
 
 lethargic (le-thar'jik), adj. affected 
 by lethargy ; sluggish ; drowsy ; dull. 
 
 lethargically (-al-li), adv. in a le- 
 thargic manner. 
 
 lethargy (leth'ar-ji), n. morbid 
 drowsiness ; unnatural prolonged 
 slumber ; apathy. 
 
 Lethe (le'the), n. in classic mythol- 
 ogy, the stream of forgetfulness of 
 the under world, whose waters, when 
 drunk, produced loss of memory : 
 hence oblivion, forgetfulness. 
 
 letter ('er), n. a mark or character 
 used to represent a sound; written 
 or printed communication ; a print- 
 ing type ; literal meaning ; a docu- 
 ment certifying certain privileges, 
 authority, &c. : pi. knowledge ; eru- 
 dition : v.t. to impress or inscribe 
 letters upon. 
 
 lettered ('erd), adj. learned; in- 
 scribed or marked with letters. 
 
 lettering ('ing), n. the act or pro- 
 cess of inscribing with letters ; let- 
 ters col ectively ; title ; inscription. 
 
 letters patent ('erz pat'ent), n. a 
 written document under seal of the 
 Government, authorizing a person to 
 do some act or enjoy some privilege. 
 
 leuco, a prefix meaning white, as leu- 
 cocyte, a minute mass of protoplasm 
 found in white blood corpuscles 
 which preys upon bacteria in the 
 blood. 
 
 leu coma (lu-ko'ma), n. a white opac- 
 ity of the cornea of the eye. 
 
 leucorrhoea (-re'a), n. vaginal ca- 
 tarrh. 
 
 Levant (le-vant'), n. the eastern 
 coasts of the Mediterranean. 
 
 levator (-va'ter), n. a muscle that 
 serves to raise some part. 
 
 levee (lev'e), n. a morning reception 
 held by a sovereign or personage of 
 high rank ; properly, one attended 
 by gentlemen only ; a river embank- 
 ment : v.t. to embank. 
 
 level ('el), n. a horizontal plane or 
 line ; surface without inequalities ; 
 state of equality ; standard ; line of 
 direction ; an instrument for indi- 
 cating a horizontal line or plane; 
 section of a canal from one lock to 
 another : adj. even ; horizontal ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; booiij 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
lev 
 
 lib 
 
 smooth ; equal to something else in 
 importance : v.t. to make even ; free 
 from inequalities ; bring to the same 
 level ; point in taking aim. 
 
 lever (lev'er or le'ver), n. a bar of 
 metal, &c, turning on a support 
 (fulcrum) for raising a weight. 
 
 leverage (-aj), n. the mechanical 
 power gained by using a lever ; lever 
 action. 
 
 leveret lev'er-et), n. a young hare. 
 
 leviable ( f i-a-bl), adj. that may be 
 levied upon or seized ; assessable. 
 
 leviathan (le-vi'a-than), n. a large 
 unidentified aquatic animal (Job xli. 
 1) ; anything huge, as a whale, &c. 
 
 levigate (lev'i-gat), v.t. to reduce to 
 a fine, impalpable powder. 
 
 levitation (lev-i-ta'shun), n. light- 
 ness ; buoyancy. 
 
 levity (lev'i-ti), n. lightness of dis- 
 position, conduct, &c. ; inconsisten- 
 cy ; trifling gaiety ; lightness of 
 weight. 
 
 levulose (lev'u-los), n. fruit-sugar. 
 
 levy ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. levied, p.pr. 
 levying], to raise or collect, as an 
 army or tax ; seize in execution : v.i. 
 to make a levy : n. the act of raising 
 money or men ; amount or number 
 raised. 
 
 lewd ( ltid ) , adj. licentious; libidi- 
 nous. 
 
 lexicographer (-kog'ra-fer), n. the 
 editor or compiler of a dictionary or 
 lexicon. 
 
 lexicography ('ra-fi), n. the art or 
 occupation of compiling dictionaries 
 or lexicons. 
 
 lexicology (-kol'o-ji), n. the science 
 of the derivation and correct mean- 
 ing of words and their correct appli- 
 cation. 
 
 lexotheism (leks-o'the-izm), n. the 
 doctrine that the universe is gov- 
 erned by natural law instead of by a 
 personal supreme being. 
 
 Ley den jar (li'dn jar), n. sl glass jar, 
 coated outside and inside with tin 
 foil, for accumulating electricity. 
 
 liability (-a-bil'i-ti,) n. [pi. liabili- 
 ties (-tiz)], the state of being lia- 
 ble : pi. debts. 
 
 liable ('a-bl), adj. exposed to dam- 
 age, danger, expense, &c. ; contin- 
 gently subject. 
 
 liaison ( le-a-zong' ) , n. illicit or se- 
 cret intimacy between a man and a 
 woman. 
 
 liar (li'ar), n. one addicted to lying. 
 
 libation (-ba'shun), n. the act of 
 pouring wine or oil on the_ ground, 
 as a sacrifice to some deity ; the 
 liquid so poured out. 
 
 libel ('bel), n. defamation of charac- 
 ter or reputation; any writing, 
 print, publication, or picture calcu- 
 lated to injure the reputation or 
 character of anyone and bring him 
 into public contempt : v.t. to publish 
 a libel against ; defame the character 
 of; exhibit a charge against in a 
 court of law. 
 
 libelous (-us), adj. containing, or of 
 the nature of, a libel. 
 
 liber ('ber), n. the fibrous innermost 
 layer of the bark of exogenous 
 plants. 
 
 liberal (lib'er-al), adj. generous; 
 munificent ; plentiful ; free from nar- 
 rowness in ideas or doctrines : n. an 
 opponent of conservatism ; one who 
 advocates extension of freedom in 
 political institutions. 
 
 liberalize (-Iz), v.t. to free from nar- 
 rowness or prejudice. 
 
 liberalism (-izm), n. the principles 
 of a liberal in politics or religion. 
 
 liberality (-al'i-ti), n. [pi. liberali- 
 ties (-tiz)], the quality of being lib- 
 eral ; generosity ; magnanimity ; men- 
 tal breadth ; catholicity. 
 
 liberate ('er-at), v.t. to set free. 
 
 liberator (-a-ter), n. one who liber- 
 ates. 
 
 libertine ('er-tin), n. a debauchee: 
 
 ' adj. unrestrained, morally or social- 
 ly ; licentious. 
 
 libertinism (-izm), n. debauchery; 
 extreme freedom in religious opin- 
 ions. 
 
 liberty ('er-ti), n. [pi. liberties 
 (-tiz) ], freedom ; special privilege or 
 exemption ; immunity ; permission ; 
 ungranted or undue freedom ; priv- 
 ileged district. 
 
 libidinous (li-bid'i-nus), adj. lustful. 
 
 librarian (-bra'ri-an), n. the custo- 
 dian of a library. 
 
 library ('bra-ri), n. [pi. libraries 
 (-riz)], an arranged collection of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
Ub 
 
 books; the building where such a 
 collection is kept. 
 
 libration (-bra'shun), n. the act of 
 balancing ; equipoise ; an apparent 
 irregularity in the moon's motion. 
 
 libratory ('bra-to-ri), adj. oscillat- 
 ing. 
 
 librettist (li-bret'ist), n. the writer 
 of a libretto. 
 
 libretto ('to), n. a book containing 
 the words of an opera, oratorio, &c. ; 
 the text itself. 
 
 lice (lis), pi. of louse. 
 
 license (li'sens), n. permission; 
 leave ; unrestrained liberty ; legal 
 permit to do something otherwise 
 unlawful : v.t. to authorize by a le- 
 gal permit. 
 
 licentiate (-sen'shi-at), n. one li- 
 censed to preach or practice a pro- 
 fession. 
 
 licentious ('shus), adj. unrestrained 
 morally or legally ; lascivious ; dis- 
 solute. 
 
 lichen (li'ken or lich'en), n. one of 
 an order of cellular flowerless (cryp- 
 togamic) plants of fungoid nature 
 growing parasitic on stones, algae, 
 &c. ; a kind of skin eruption. 
 
 lich-gate (lich'gat), n. the roofed 
 gate of a churchyard, under which a 
 bier may stand. Also lych-gate. 
 
 licit (lis'it), a dj. lawful. 
 
 lick (lik), v.t. to pass the tongue 
 over ; caress with the tongue ; lap 
 up ; vanquish ; chastise : v.i. to make 
 a licking movement : n* the act 
 of licking ; quick or careless stroke ; 
 superficial saline deposit. 
 
 lickspittle ('spit-1), n. a servile flat- 
 terer. 
 
 licorice (lik'o-ris), n. the root or in- 
 spissated juice of the licorice-plant 
 (Glycyrrhiza glabra). 
 
 lictor ('ter), n. a Roman official who 
 attended the chief magistrates and 
 bore the fasces. 
 
 lid (lid), n. a movable cover closing 
 an aperture ; top ; eyelid. 
 
 lie (11), v.i. [p.t. lay, p.p. lain, p.pr. 
 lying], to rest in a recumbent posi- 
 tion ; lean or press ; rest or remain ; 
 be situated or placed ; be maintaina- 
 ble at law. 
 
 lie (II), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. lied, p.pr. ly- 
 
 Ue 
 
 ing], to utter a falsehood; represent 
 falsely: n. a falsehood; wilful mis- 
 statement. 
 
 lief (lef), adv. willingly; rather. 
 
 liege (lej), adj. bound by feudal serv- 
 ice or tenure : n. a vassal ; liege lord, 
 or sovereign. 
 
 lien (le'en, H'en or len), n. a legal 
 claim upon property; security for 
 payment. 
 
 lieu ('lu), n. place; stead. 
 
 lieutenancy (-ten'an-si), n. the rank 
 or authority of a lieutenant. 
 
 lieutenant ('ant), n. an officer rank- 
 ing next below a captain in the army 
 and a commander in the navy; a 
 deputy. 
 
 life (Hf), n. animate existence; vi- 
 tality ; union of soul and body ; 
 period between birth and death. 
 
 lifeguard ('gard), y,. a bodyguard. 
 
 lift (lift), v.t. to raise from the 
 ground ; elevate ; support in the air ; 
 steal : v.i. to exert strength in rais- 
 ing ; dissipate in the air : n. the act 
 of lifting; elevation; promotion; a 
 machine for raising or lifting. 
 
 ligament (lig'a-ment), n. a strong 
 elastic tissue connecting the extrem- 
 ities of movable bones ; bond or tie. 
 
 ligature (lig'a-tur), n. a narrow 
 bandage or tie; two or more letters 
 cast on one shank (ft, w) ; a slur, or 
 notes joined by a slur. , 
 
 light (lit), n. the imponderable agent 
 by which objects are rendered visible 
 by its action on the retina ; day ; an 
 illuminating or enlightening agent : 
 aspect ; a window ; that which emits 
 light : adj. clear ; bright ; not heavy 
 or burdensome ; unencumbered ; gay ; 
 trifling ; unimportant ; nimble ; short 
 in weight ; well leavened and raised ; 
 graceful ; undignified ; dizzy ; un- 
 chaste : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lighted, lit, 
 p.pr. lighting], to set fire to; in- 
 flame; illuminate; furnish with, or 
 guide by, a light : v.i. to receive or 
 reflect; rest or settle; fall upon by 
 chance; happen. 
 
 lighten ('en), v.t. to make light; il- 
 luminate; flash out; render less 
 heavy : v.i. to brighten ; shine out. 
 
 lighter ('er), n. a large open barge 
 for loading and unloading vessels. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
Ug 
 
 lighterage (-aj), to. the unloading of 
 a cargo by lighters ; charge made. 
 
 lighthouse ('nous), to. a structure 
 furnished with a brilliant light to in- 
 dicate points of danger to mariners 
 at night. 
 
 lightning ('ning), n. a sudden flash 
 of electricity, usually accompanied 
 by thunder. 
 
 ligneous (lig'ne-us), adj. woody. 
 
 lignin ('nin), to. woody fiber 
 
 lignite ('nit), to. wood converted into 
 an imperfect kind of coal. 
 
 lignum- vitas ('num-vi'te), to. the 
 very heavy hard wood of a South 
 American tree (Guaicum officinale) 
 or of similar West Indian and Aus- 
 tralasian trees. 
 
 like (Ilk), adj. similar; resembling; 
 equal or nearly equal ; disposed : 
 adv. in the same manner as; prob- 
 ably : v.t. have a taste for ; enjoy : 
 to. a counterpart. 
 
 likely ('li), adj. [comp. likelier, su- 
 perl. likeliest], probable; suitable: 
 adv. probably. 
 
 liken (Hk'n), v.t. to compare. 
 
 likeness ('nes), to. similarity; por- 
 trait. 
 
 liking ('ing), to. preference ; fondness. 
 
 lilac (ll'lak), to. a shrub of the genus 
 Syringa, with pale pinkish purple 
 flowers ; a color. 
 
 Lilliputian (lil-i-pu'shun), adj. very 
 diminutive, from Swift's Gulliver's 
 Travels. Also Liliputian. 
 
 lily (lil'i), to. a plant of the genus 
 Lilium, with bulbous roots and hand- 
 some flowers : adj. unsullied ; lily- 
 white. 
 
 limb (Iim), to. a jointed or articulated 
 part of an animal body ; branch of a 
 tree ; edge or border ; roguish child ; 
 leg : v.t. to dismember. 
 
 limber ('ber), to. the detachable fore- 
 part of a gun-carriage : adj. pliant : 
 v.t. to attach a limber to (a gun-car- 
 riage) ; make pliant. 
 
 limbus ('bus) , to. in the Roman 'Cath- 
 olic Church, the place intermediate 
 between heaven and hell, the abode 
 of departed souls prior to the judg- 
 ment ; prison. Also limbo. 
 
 lime (lmi)> to. a calcareous earth ob- 
 tained by the action of heat upon 
 limestone ; bird-lime ; a tree of the 
 
 lis 
 
 orange kind yielding an edible juicy 
 fruit ; the linden tree : v.t . to apply 
 lime to. 
 
 limelight ('lit), to. a brilliant light 
 pioduced by the action of lighted 
 hydrogen and oxygen upon lime. 
 
 limestone ('ston), to. a rock having 
 carbonate of lime as its basis. 
 
 limit (lim'it), to. a border or bound- 
 ary ; utmost extent : v.t. to confine 
 within bounds ; restrict. 
 
 limitation (-i-ta'shun), to. restric- 
 tion. 
 
 limn (lim), v.t. to paint or draw; il- 
 luminate, as books and manuscripts. 
 
 limp (limp), adj. flexible; flaccid: to. 
 a halt in walking : v.i. to walk with 
 a halt. 
 
 limpet (/et), n. a gastropod of the 
 genus Patella, which adheres firmly 
 ^ to rocks by its foot sucker. 
 
 limpsy (limp'si), adj. flimsy; weak. 
 
 limy (llm'i), adj. containing, or like, 
 lime. 
 
 lin (lin), to. the American linden. 
 Also linn. 
 
 linchpin (linchpin), to. the pin which 
 goes through the end of the axle of a 
 wheel, and keeps it in its place. 
 
 linden (lin'den), to. a tree with heart- 
 shaped leaves, and small clusters of 
 cream-colored flowers. There are 
 several species, European and Amer- 
 ican. 
 
 line (lin), to. length without breadth; 
 a slender string or cord ; fishing- 
 line ; extended row ; l-12th of an 
 inch ; short letter ; occupation ; mark 
 in the hand or face ; outline ; verse ; 
 extent ; direction ; regular infantry ; 
 equator ; particular class of goods ; 
 descent : v.t. to draw lines upon ; 
 place along side by side ; cover on 
 the inside ; strengthen by inner 
 works. 
 
 lineage (lin'e-aj), to. ancestral line of 
 descent from a common progenitor; 
 family. 
 
 lineal ('e-al), adj. composed of lines; 
 in direct line from an ancestor. 
 
 lineally (-li), adv. by direct descent. 
 
 lineament ('e-a-ment), to. feature; 
 outline. 
 
 linear ('e-ar), adj. pertaining to, or 
 composed of, lines ; having a straight 
 direction. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
Uii 
 
 lineate ('e-at), adj. marked with 
 lines. 
 
 linen ('en), n. a cloth made of flax; 
 articles made of linen ; undercloth- 
 ing : adj. made of, or resembling, 
 linen. 
 
 liner (H'ner), n. a line-of -battle ship; 
 a steamship belonging to a packet 
 company ; one who makes linings. 
 
 ling (ling), n. an edible cod-like fish; 
 heather. 
 
 linger ('ger), v.i. to delay; loiter; 
 remain long in any state. 
 
 lingerie (lang-zhe-re'), n. undercloth- 
 ing. 
 
 lingo (ling'go), n. language; dialect. 
 
 lingual ('gwal), adj. pertaining to, 
 or formed by, the tongue : n. a letter 
 or sound, so articulated, as s, th, &c. 
 
 linguist ('gwist), n. one skilled in 
 languages. 
 
 linguistic ('tik), adj. pertaining to 
 linguistics. 
 
 linguistics ('tiks), n.pl. comparative 
 philology. 
 
 lingula ('gu-la), n. a genus of bra- 
 chipodus mollusks with a tongue- 
 like valve. 
 
 lingulate ('gu-lat), adj. tongue- 
 shaped. 
 
 liniment (lin'i-ment), n. a medicated 
 liquid for rubbing into the skin. 
 
 lining (lin'ing), n. an inside cover- 
 ing; contents. 
 
 link (lingk), n. a single ring or di- 
 vision of a chain ; anything doubled 
 like a link ; single part of a con- 
 nected series ; a land measure 7.92 
 inches ; connection ; torch made of 
 pitch and tow : pi. flat sandy soil ; 
 golfing grounds : v.t. to connect by, 
 or as by, a link : v.i. to be connected. 
 
 linnet (lin'et), n. a British finch. 
 
 linoleum (li-no'le-um), n. a floor 
 cloth composed of ground cork, lin- 
 seed oil, and chloride of sulphur. 
 
 linotype (lin'o-tip), n. a machine for 
 composing and casting stereotyped 
 words or lines for printing. 
 
 linseed (lin'sed), n. the seed of flax, 
 from which Unseed oil is expressed. 
 
 linsey-woolsey ( 'zi-wool'zi ) , n. a 
 cloth of mixed linen and wool. 
 
 lint (lint), n. scraped linen used for 
 dressing wounds. 
 
 lis 
 
 lintel (lin'tel), n. the horizontal top 
 piece of a door or window. 
 
 lion (H'un), n. a large powerful car- 
 nivorous mammal of the genus Felis, 
 found in Africa and Southern Asia : 
 pi. noted persons or places: adj. (in 
 composition) noble, majestic; cour- 
 ageous. Feminine lioness. 
 
 lionize (-Iz), v.t. to treat as an ob- 
 ject of peculiar interest. 
 
 lion's- share ('unz-shar), n. the ma- 
 jor part. 
 
 lip (lip), n. one of the two borders of 
 the mouth ; edge of anything ; mouth ; 
 lip-like organ ; speech : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. lipped, p.pr. lipping], to touch 
 with the lips ; kiss ; utter. 
 
 lipped (lipt'), adj. having lips or 
 rounded edges ; labiate. 
 
 liquation (li-kwa'shun), n. the act 
 or process of melting. 
 
 liquefacient (lik-we-fa'shi-ent), adj. 
 serving to liquefy. 
 
 liquefaction (-fak'shun), n. the pro- 
 cess of liquefying ; state of being 
 melted. 
 
 liquefy ('we-fi), v.t. to melt or make 
 liquid : v.i. to become liquid. 
 
 liquescent (-kwes'ent), adj. becom- 
 ^ ing liquid. 
 
 liqueur (li-ker'), n. an alcoholic aro- 
 matic cordial. 
 
 liquid (lik'wid), adj. clear; tearful; 
 not solid ; readily flowing : n. liquid 
 substance; one of the consonants Z, 
 m, n, r. 
 
 liquidate ('wi-dat), v.t. to pay off, 
 as a debt ; arrange, as the affairs of 
 a bankrupt. 
 
 liquidation (-da'shun), n. the act of 
 liquidating or paying off ; the settle- 
 ment of the affairs of a bankrupt's 
 estate. 
 
 liquidator ('wi-da-ter), n. an official 
 who winds up a bankrupt's estate. 
 
 liquor (lik'er), n. an alcoholic bever- 
 age ; a liquid : v.t. to treat with a 
 solution : v.i. to take intoxicating 
 ^ drinks [slang]. 
 
 liquorice, same as licorice. 
 
 lira (le'ra), n. [pi. lire (le're)], an 
 Italian coin, the unit of monetary 
 value == 19 cents; the Turkish lira 
 n = $4.40. 
 
 lisle (111), n. a fine thread or lace. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
lis _ 
 
 lisp (lisp), v.i. to pronounce s and z 
 nearly like th ; speak : v.t. to utter 
 imperfectly or affectedly : n. the im- 
 perfect utterance of s and z. 
 
 lissom (lis'um), n. supple; lithesome. 
 
 list (list), n. a catalogue, roll, or reg- 
 ister ; the edge or selvage of cloth ; 
 strip of cloth ; inclination to one 
 side ; small square molding : pi. an 
 enclosing for a tournament : v.t. to 
 catalogue, register, or enrol ; cover 
 with strips of cloth ; sew together ; 
 cause to tilt over to one side ; listen 
 to : v.i. to enlist ; choose ; careen ; 
 hearken. 
 
 listen (lis'n), v.i. to attend to close- 
 ly, so as to hear ; hearken ; obey. 
 
 Listerism (list'er-izm), n. the anti- 
 septic method of operating and dress- 
 ing, introduced by Sir J. Lister. 
 
 listing ('ing), n. the act of making a 
 schedule. 
 
 listless ('les), adj. indifferent; lan- 
 guid. 
 
 lit, p.t. & p.p. of light. 
 
 litany (lit'a-ni), n. a solemn respon- 
 sive form of supplication. 
 
 litchi (le'chg), n. a tree producing a 
 
 liter (le'ter), in the metric system, a 
 measure of capacity, = 61.026 cubic 
 inches, or a little more than 1 quart, 
 fruit (lichi) much esteemed in China. 
 
 literacy (lit-er-a-si), n. the state of 
 being able to read and write. 
 
 literal ('er-al), adj. consisting of, or 
 expressed by, letters ; following the 
 exact words ; exact ; plain. 
 
 literally (-li), adv. in a literal sense. 
 
 literary ('er-a-ri), adj. pertaining to, 
 or appropriate to, literature or men 
 of letters ; versed in, or engaged in, 
 literature. 
 
 literate ('er-at), adj. instructed; 
 learned : n. a literary man ; a candi- 
 date for holy orders who has not 
 taken a university degree. 
 
 literatesque (-a-tesk'), adj. fit for 
 literature. 
 
 literati (-a'ti), n.pl. the learned. 
 
 literatim (-er-a'tim), adv. literally. 
 
 literature ('er-a-tur), n. the written 
 or printed literary productions of a 
 country or period ; literary work ; 
 learning. 
 
 litharge (lith'arj), n. oxide of lead. 
 
 lit 
 
 lithe (\ith), adj. supple; pliant. 
 
 lithesome ('sum), adj. nimble; lis- 
 som. 
 
 lithia (lith'i-a), n. oxide of lithium. 
 
 lithic (lith'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 stone. 
 
 lithium ('i-um), n. a metallic ele- 
 ment. 
 
 lithe, a prefix meaning stone, also 
 lith, as lithoglyph, a carving on a 
 gem or stone; Z^ftanthrax, stone- 
 t coal, &c. 
 
 lithochromatics (lith'o-kro-mat'iks) , 
 n.pl. the art or process of painting 
 in oil upon stone and then transfer- 
 ring it upon canvas. 
 
 lithograph (lith'o-graf), n. a print 
 reproduced from a drawing on stone : 
 v.t. to draw, or engrave on stone, 
 and transfer to paper. 
 
 lithographic ('ik), adj. pertaining 
 to lithography. Also lithographical. 
 
 lithographically ('ik-al-li), adv. by 
 lithography. 
 
 lithography (-og'ra-fi), n. the art of 
 making a design on stone so that 
 ink-impressions can be taken from it. 
 
 lithoid ('oid), adj. stone-like; of 
 stone structure. 
 
 lithotint ('o-tint), n. a lithograph 
 from a drawing executed with a 
 camel's-hair pencil. 
 
 lithotomy (-ot'o-mi), n. the opera- 
 tion of cutting into the bladder to 
 remove stone. 
 
 lithotrity (-ot'tri-ti), n. the surgical 
 operation of crushing stone in the 
 bladder. 
 
 litigant (lit'i-gant), n. one who con- 
 tends in law : adj. engaged in, or in- 
 clined to, litigation. 
 
 litigate ('i-gat),f.*. to contest in a 
 court of law : v.i. to engage in a law 
 suit. 
 
 litigation (-ga'shun), n. the act or 
 process of carrying on a lawsuit; 
 judicial contest. 
 
 litigious (li-tij'us), adj. given to 
 carrying on lawsuits ; quarrelsome. 
 
 litmus (lit'mus), n. a purple dye, ob- 
 tained from certain lichens. 
 
 litter (lit'er), n. straw, hay, &c, used 
 for horses' bedding : a frame-work 
 with a bed, for carrying a person in 
 a recumbent position ; state of con- 
 fusion or untidiness ; number of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
lit 
 
 loa 
 
 young produced at one birth, as pigs, 
 &c. : v.t. supply with litter ; cover 
 with straw ; scatter about careless- 
 ly : v.i. bring forth a litter of young. 
 
 litterateur (-a-ter'), n. a literary 
 man. 
 
 little (lit'l), adj. [comparative less, 
 superlative least], small in size, 
 quantity, duration, or importance ; 
 insignificant ; young ; mean : adv. in 
 a small degree ; not much : n. small 
 in size, quantity, &c. 
 
 littoral ('o-ral), adj. pertaining to, 
 near, or living on the shore ; situ- 
 ated between high- and low-water 
 mark : n. country lying near the 
 shore of a sea, lake, &c. 
 
 liturgic (li-ter'jik), adj. pertaining 
 to a liturgy. Also liturgical. 
 
 liturgically (-al-li), adv. by a lit- 
 urgy. 
 
 liturgies ('jiks), n.pl. the science of 
 liturgies. 
 
 liturgy (lit'er-ji), n. [pi. liturgies 
 (-jiz)], the prescribed forms or rit- 
 ual for public worship. 
 
 live (liv), v.i. to exist or have life; 
 pass or enjoy life ; reside ; endure ; 
 subsist: adj. (liv) having life; 
 quick ; effective ; ignited ; kept for 
 use; energetic. 
 
 livelihood (llv'li-hood), n. means of 
 living. 
 
 liveliness (-nes), n. briskness. 
 
 lively ('li), adj. active; brisk; ani- 
 mated ; sprightly ; vivid ; forcible. 
 
 live-oak ('ok), n. an American oak 
 valuable for shipbuilding. 
 
 liver (liv'er), n. one who lives; a 
 glandular organ secreting bile. 
 
 liveried (-id), adj. clothed in livery. 
 
 liver-wort ( 'wert ) , n. a name for any 
 cryptogamous plant of the class 
 Hepaticae. 
 
 livery ('er-i), n. [pi. liveries (-iz)], 
 a particular costume worn by serv- 
 ants ; the state of being kept and fed 
 at a stipulated rate, as horses. 
 
 liveryman (-man), n. [pi. liverymen 
 (-men)], the keeper of a livery-sta- 
 ble. 
 
 livery-stable (-sta'bl), n. a stable 
 where horses are kept and let out 
 for hire. 
 
 livid ('id), adj. black and blue; dis- 
 colored as by a blow ; ashy pale. 
 
 living ('ing), p.adj. having life; 
 flowing ; vigorous ; active ; quicken- 
 ing : n. livelihood ; a church bene- 
 fice ; mode of life. 
 
 livre (le'ver), n. an old French money 
 t of account, value 19% cents. 
 
 lixiviate (liks-iv'i-at), v.t. to dis- 
 solve out the saline matter from 
 (wood-ashes) ; form into lye. 
 
 lizard (liz'ard), n. a lacertilian rep- 
 tile having a scaly body, and four 
 well-developed limbs, each with five 
 toes. 
 
 llama (la'ma), n.'a. South American 
 quadruped, somewhat resembling a 
 camel. 
 
 llama, same as lama. 
 
 llanero (lya-na'ro), n. a herdsman of 
 the South American llanos. 
 
 llanos ('noz or la'noz), n.pl. the ex- 
 tensive level grassy plains, or 
 steppes of South America. 
 
 lo (Id), inter j. behold! see! 
 
 loach (loch), n. a small edible fresh- 
 water fish ; a simpleton. 
 
 load (lod), v.t. to put on as much as 
 can be carried ; burden ; weigh 
 down ; embarrass ; freight ; charge, 
 as a gun : n. a burden ; weight ; 
 freight ; encumbrance ; pressure ; a 
 weight of hay, straw, or ore. 
 
 loaded ('ed), p.adj. laden; drunk. 
 
 loadline ('lin), n. the line to which a 
 vessel sinks when loaded with her 
 full cargo. 
 
 loadstar ('star), n. the pole-star. 
 
 loadstone ('ston), n. magnetic oxide 
 of iron ; magnet. Also lodestone. 
 
 loaf (lof), v.i. to idle away time: n. 
 [pi. loaves (lovz)], a large cake of 
 bread. 
 
 loafer ('er), n. an idler; cadger. 
 
 loam (lorn), n. rich vegetable mold, 
 with clay and sand : v.t. to cover 
 with loam. 
 
 loan (Ion), n. a sum of money lent 
 for a period, repayable with inter- 
 est ; something granted for tempo- 
 rary use : v.i. to lend money. 
 
 loath (loth), adj. unwilling; reluc- 
 tant. 
 
 loathe (loth), v.t. to regard with ab- 
 horrence or disgust ; detest : v.i. to 
 feel nausea. 
 
 loathing ('ing), n. disgust; nausea. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
loa 
 
 loathsome ('sum), adj. exciting 
 loathing. 
 
 lob (lob), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lobbed, p.pr. 
 lobbing], to toss gently: v.i. to bowl 
 lobs : n. a large worm, used for fish- 
 ing, the lugworm ; a slow ball bowled 
 underhand. _ 
 
 lobate (16'bat), adj. lobe-like. 
 
 lobby (lob'i), n. [pi. lobbies ('iz)], 
 a small hall or waiting room ; pas- 
 sage opening before an apartment ; 
 that part of the hall of a legislative 
 chamber to which the public have 
 access : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. lobbied, p.pr. 
 lobbying], to solicit the votes of 
 members of a legislature to carry a 
 particular measure. 
 
 lobbyist (-ist), n. a person, not a 
 member, who tries to influence the 
 votes of members of a legislative 
 body. 
 
 lobe (lob), n. any rounded and pro- 
 jecting part ; a subdivision of an 
 organ. 
 
 lobelet ('let), n. a small lobe. 
 
 Lobelia (lo-be'lia), n. an extensive 
 genus of plants with handsome flow- 
 ers, including the Indian tobacco 
 plant, &c. 
 
 lobster ('ster), n. an edible marine 
 decapod crustacean. 
 
 lobule ('ul), n. a small lobe. 
 
 lobworm, same as lugworm. 
 
 local (lo'kal), adj. pertaining to 
 place ; restricted to a particular 
 place : n. a newspaper paragraph of 
 local interest ; a suburban train. 
 
 locale (-kal'), n. place; locality 
 [French]. 
 
 localism ('kal-izm), n. a word, idiom, 
 or custom restricted to a particular 
 locality. 
 
 locality (kal'i-ti), n. [pi. localities 
 (-tiz)], existence in or limitation to 
 a place ; position. 
 
 localize ('kal-iz), v.t. to limit to a 
 particular place. 
 
 locally (-li), adv. with respect to 
 place. 
 
 local option (op'shun), n. the re- 
 striction of the sale of intoxicating 
 liquors by the majority of the voters 
 of a district. 
 
 locate (lo'kat), v.t. to place; estab- 
 lish ; mark out and determine the 
 position of : v.i. to settle. 
 
 loo 
 
 location (-ka'shun), n. place; plot 
 of ground marked out by boundaries. 
 
 locative (lok'a-tiv), adj. noting place. 
 
 loch (lokh), n. a lake [Scotch]. 
 
 lock (lok), n. a mechanical device 
 furnished with a spring and bolt for 
 fastening a door, &c, by means of a 
 key ; anything that fastens ; enclos- 
 ure between lock-gates for raising 
 and lowering the water within 
 them ; mechanism for firing a gun ; 
 hug in wrestling ; a tuft of hair or 
 wool ; ringlet ; tress : v.t. to fasten 
 or secure, with a lock ; shut up ; con- 
 fine : v.i. to become fast by a lock ; 
 entwine. 
 
 lockage ('aj), n. difference of level 
 of the water between canal locks ; 
 dues paid for passage through a 
 lock. 
 
 locker ('er), n. a receptacle secured 
 by a lock. 
 
 locket ('et), n. a small gold or silver 
 case attached to a necklace or chain. 
 
 lockjaw ('jaw), n. a spasmodic dis- 
 ease by which the lower jaw is 
 drawn up and becomes fixed ; te- 
 tanus. 
 
 lockman ('man), n. an under-sheriff 
 in the Isle of Man. 
 
 lockout ('out), n. the exclusion of 
 workmen from a factory by an em- 
 ployer to compel them to accept his 
 terms : v.t. to close a factory against. 
 
 lockup ('up), n. a temporary prison; 
 calaboose ; jail. 
 
 loco (lo'ko), n. a name for various 
 poisonous American plants, causing 
 disease to animals eating them ; also 
 the disease so caused. 
 
 locomotion (-mo'shun), n. the act 
 or power of mqving from place to 
 place. 
 
 locomotive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
 locomotion ; not stationary : n. a 
 steam engine for drawing railway 
 cars. 
 
 locomotor ('ter), adj. pertaining to 
 locomotion : n. a motor. 
 
 locomotor ataxy (a-tak'si), n. want 
 of co-ordination of the movements of 
 the legs. 
 
 locust ('kust), n. a migratory and 
 destructive winged insect resem- 
 bling the grasshopper ; a tree of the 
 bean family. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, *ften. 
 
z&* "-? 
 
 MODERN AMERICAN PASSENGER AND FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVES. 
 
loc 
 
 locution (-ku'shun), n. speech; 
 phrase. 
 
 lode (lod), n. a vein containing metal- 
 lic ore. 
 
 lodestar, lodestone, see loadstar, 
 &c. 
 
 lodge (loj), v.t. to furnish with a 
 temporary dwelling : v.i. to reside 
 for a time ; be deposited or fixed : n. 
 a small house in a park ; gate-keep- 
 er's cottage ; wild beast's den ; hut of 
 an American Indian ; place where 
 members of an association meet, es- 
 pecially Freemasons; the members 
 themselves. 
 
 lodger ('er), n. one who resides in 
 lodgings. 
 
 lodging ('ing), n. a place of tem- 
 porary residence : pi. a room or 
 rooms hired in the house of another. 
 
 lodgment ('ment), n. the act of 
 lodging ; the state of being lodged ; 
 accumulation of something deposit- 
 ed ; occupation of a military posi- 
 tion. 
 
 loft (16ft), n. a room directly be- 
 neath a roof. 
 
 loftily ('i-li), adv. in a lofty man- 
 ner. 
 
 loftiness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing lofty. 
 
 lofty ('0, adj. [comp. loftier, superl. 
 loftiest], very high; proud; stately; 
 sublime. 
 
 log (log), n. an undressed piece of 
 timber; a log-book; a heavy dull 
 fellow ; an instrument for ascertain- 
 ing the rate of progress of a ship : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. logged, p.pr. log- 
 ging], to enter in a log-book: v.i. 
 to hew down and get out trees. 
 
 logarithm ('a-rithm), n. the expo- 
 nent of the power to which a fixed 
 number (the base) must be raised 
 in order to produce a given number. 
 
 logarithmic (-rith'mik), adj. per- 
 taining to, or consisting of, loga- 
 rithms. Also logarithmical. 
 
 log-book ('book), n. a ship's diary, 
 or journal, recording the progress of 
 a vessel, daily occurrences, &c. 
 
 loggan ('an), n. a rocking-stone. 
 
 loggerhead ('er-hed), n. a block- 
 head ; dolt ; species of sea-turtle. 
 
 loggia (loj 'a), n. a covered gallery 
 
 Ion 
 
 or portico ; an open balcony in a 
 theater. 
 
 logging (log'ing), n. the business of 
 cutting down timber. 
 
 logic (loj'ik), n. the science of cor- 
 rect reasoning, especially of infer- 
 ence. 
 
 logical (-3.1), adj. pertaining to, or 
 used in, logic ; according to the rula^ 
 of logic. 
 
 logically (-li), adv. by the rules of 
 logic. 
 
 logician (lo-jish'un), n. one skilled 
 in logic. 
 
 logistics (-jis'tiks), n.pl. sexagesi- 
 mal arithmetic ; the science of mov- 
 ing and supplying armies. 
 
 logo, a prefix meaning speech, word, 
 ratio, as logotype, a type containing 
 two or more letters, as if. 
 
 logogram ( log'o-gram ) , n. a letter 
 or sign standing for a word, as d 
 for pence, &c. ; a word-puzzle in 
 verse. 
 
 logograph (log'o-graf ) , n. a written 
 word. 
 
 logography ( lo-gog'ra-fi ) , n. a meth- 
 od of printing in which a type rep- 
 resents a word instead of a letter. 
 
 logotype, see under logo. 
 
 logroll (log'rol), v.i. to engage in 
 logrolling. 
 
 logrolling (-ing), n. the act of roll- 
 ing logs ; united action in carrying 
 legislative schemes for mutual bene- 
 fit ; mutual praise by authors of 
 each other's books. 
 
 logwood ('wood), n. a wood of a 
 deep-red color, used in dyeing. 
 
 loin (loin), n. the lower part of the 
 back of a quadruped or man : pi. 
 the reins. 
 
 loiter (loi'ter), v.t. to idle (with 
 away) : v.i. to spend time idly; de- 
 lay ; linger. 
 
 loll (lol), v.i. to lounge at ease; hang 
 out the tongue. 
 
 lone (Ion), adj. solitary; retired; by 
 one's self ; unmarried or in widow- 
 hood. 
 
 loneliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
 being lonely. 
 
 lonely ('li), adj. [comp. lonelier, su- 
 perl. loneliest], deserted; solitary; 
 unfrequented. 
 
 lonesome ('sum), adj. secluded from 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
Ion 
 
 society depressed ; unfrequented ; 
 drearily solitary. 
 
 long (long), adj. not short; extended 
 in time, or length ; drawn out ; 
 slow ; tedious ; tall ; lingering ; far- 
 seeing : adv. to a great length or 
 period ; far distant ; for a length of 
 time : n. anything that is long : v.i. 
 to desire eagerly (with for or 
 after), 
 
 longboat ('bot), n. the largest and 
 strongest boat of a ship. 
 
 longbow ('bo), n. a long powerful 
 bow formerly used by English arch- 
 ers. 
 
 longcloth ('kloth), n. a superior cot- 
 ton fabric. 
 
 long-dozen (-duz'n), n. thirteen. 
 
 longevity (lon-jev'i-ti), n. extended 
 age. 
 
 longhand ('hand), n. ordinary hand- 
 writing, as distinguished from short- 
 hand. 
 
 longi, a prefix meaning long, as longi- 
 corn : adj. long-horned. 
 
 longing (long'ing), n. earnest desire. 
 
 longitude (lonj'i-ttid), n. distance 
 east and west on the earth's surface 
 measured from a meridian or place, 
 estimated in degrees ; on the ecliptic, 
 distance in degrees from the vernal 
 equinox. 
 
 longitudinal (-tud'i-nal), adj. per- 
 taining to longitude, or length. 
 
 longitudinally (-li), adv. length- 
 wise. 
 
 long-primer ('prim-er), n. a size of 
 type between small pica and bour- 
 geois (see type). 
 
 longshoreman (long'shor-man), n. 
 a wharf laborer. 
 
 loo (loo), n. a card game. 
 
 looby ('bi), n. an awkward fellow. 
 
 loof (loof), n. the fullest part of a 
 ship's bow. 
 
 look (look), v.i. to direct the eye to 
 anything, in order to view it ; direct 
 the mind or attention to ; examine ; 
 front or face ; expect ; watch ; ap- 
 pear : v.t. to search or seek for ; 
 turn the eyes upon : n. the act of 
 looking ; mien ; aspect : inter j. see ! 
 
 lool (1651), n. a vessel for receiving 
 the washings of ore. 
 
 loom (loom), n. a frame or machine 
 
 lor 
 
 for weaving cloth ; an oar handle : 
 v.i. to rise gradually and appear 
 larger than in reality. 
 
 loon (loon), n. the great northern 
 diver. 
 
 loony ('i), adj. crazed. 
 
 loop (loop), n. a folding or doubling 
 of string, rope, &c. ; noose through 
 which a cord may be run : anything 
 resembling a loop : v.t. to form into, 
 furnish with, or secure with, loops. 
 
 loophole ('hoi), n. a narrow aper- 
 ture for observation or defense ; 
 means of evasion. 
 
 loopline ('lln), n. a railway line run- 
 ning out of and rejoining the main 
 line. 
 
 loose (loos), adj. not fast; unbound; 
 not fixed ; not tight ; not crowded 
 together ; vague ; unconnected ; lax 
 in principles or morals : n. the state 
 of being loose : v.t. to set free ; un- 
 bind ; disengage ; relax. 
 
 loosen (loos'n), v.t. to free from 
 tightness, restraint, or tension ; free 
 from costiveness. 
 
 loot (loot), v.t. to pillage or plunder, 
 especially a captured city: n. booty 
 thus taken. 
 
 lop (lop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lopped, p. 
 pr. lopping], to cut off (a part of 
 anything), especially branches of a 
 tree ; cut off partially ; trim ; let 
 fall : v.i. to hang down : n. a hanging 
 down ; that which is lopped, as 
 branches. 
 
 lopsided ('si-ded), n. heavier on one 
 side. 
 
 loquacious (lo-kwa'shus), adj. talk- 
 ative. 
 
 loquacity (-kwas'i-ti), n. talkative- 
 ness. 
 
 lord (lord), n. a ruler or governor: 
 master ; one possessed of supreme 
 power ; the owner of a manor ; a 
 baron in the British peerage; the 
 son of a duke or marquis; eldest 
 son of an earl; title of honor given 
 to certain officials : v.t. to invest with 
 authority ; preside over : v.i. to dom- 
 ineer. 
 
 lordliness ('li-nes), n. lordly degree 
 or rank; pride; haughtiness. 
 
 lordling ('ling), n. a little or would- 
 be lord. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; mS, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; b56n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
lordship ('ship), n. the state, quali- 
 ty, or jurisdiction of a lord ; title of 
 address (with his or your) given to 
 noblemen and judges. 
 
 Lord's Supper ('z sup'er), n. the 
 Holy Communion or Eucharist. 
 
 lore (lor), n. learning; instruction; 
 space between the eye and bill of a 
 bird. 
 
 lorette (lo-ret'), n. a woman of the 
 demi-monde [French]. 
 
 lorgnette (lor-nyef), n. a long-han- 
 dled opera glass ; a pair of eye- 
 glasses fixed to a long handle into 
 which they shut. 
 
 lorikeet (lor-i-ket'), n. a straight- 
 billed parrot. 
 
 loris (16'ris), n. a nocturnal lemur. 
 
 lorn (lorn), adj. forsaken; forlorn. 
 
 lorry (lor'i), n. [pi. lorries ('iz)], a 
 long four-wheeled wagon without 
 sides ; a miner's hand-cart. 
 
 lory (lo'ri), n. [pi. lories ('riz)], a 
 species of parrot with brilliant 
 plumage. 
 
 lose (looz), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lost, p.pr. 
 losing], to be deprived of; cease to 
 have in possession ; mislay ; forfeit ; 
 waste ; squander : v.i. to fail of suc- 
 cess ; yield ; be defeated. 
 
 loss (16s), n. detriment; injury; pri- 
 vation ; failure ; defeat ; that which 
 is lost. 
 
 lost (lost), p. adj. missing; forfeited; 
 destroyed ; perplexed. 
 
 lot (lot), n. fortune; destiny; por- 
 tion or parcel ; anything used to 
 determine chances ; great quantity : 
 v.t. to separate into lots ; assign ; 
 catalogue. 
 
 Lothario (lo-tha'ri-o), n. a gay de- 
 
 ceiver or libertine, from Rowe's The 
 Fair Penitent. 
 
 lotion ('shun), n. a medicated fluid 
 for outward application. 
 
 lottery (lot'er-i), n. [pi. lotteries 
 (-iz)], a distribution of prizes by 
 chance ; drawing of lots. 
 
 lotto ('o), n. a parlor game played 
 with 24 cards and wooden discs 
 numbered 1 to 100. 
 
 Lotus (lo'tus), n. a genus of the 
 water-lily family, especially the sa- 
 cred lotus of the ancient Nile ; a 
 name for various trees or shrubs, 
 the fruit of which was fabled to 
 cause forgetfulness of care and in- 
 duce a state of dreamy indolence. 
 
 louchettes (loo-shets'), n.pl. col- 
 ored spectacles for direct vision in 
 strabismus. 
 
 loud (loud), adj. high- or full-sound- 
 ing ; noisy ; ostentatious in dress or 
 manner ; showy ; having an unpleas- 
 ant odor : adv. loudly. 
 
 loudly ('li), adv. in a loud manner; 
 ostentatiously. 
 
 lough (lokh), n. a lake [Irish], 
 
 louis d'or (loo'i dor'), n. an old 
 French coin, of varying value 
 (about $4). 
 
 lounge (lounj), v.i. to saunter about 
 in a lazy manner ; loll ; live indo- 
 lently : n. the act of lounging ; a 
 low-backed couch. 
 
 louse (lous), n. [pi. lice (-lis)], a 
 parasitic insect of various species, 
 especially those of the genus Pedicu- 
 lus, parasitic on man. 
 
 lousy (lou'zi), adj. infested with lice. 
 
 lout (lout), n. an awkward fellow. 
 
 louver (loo'ver), n. an open turret 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 D.33. book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 
 
lov 
 
 luc 
 
 or lantern on the roof of a build- 
 ing. 
 
 lovable (luv'a-bl), adj. worthy of 
 love. 
 
 lovability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the quality 
 that attracts love. 
 
 love (luv), n. a strong feeling of af- 
 fection, especially to one of the op- 
 posite sex ; courtship ; devoted af- 
 fection for or attachment to ; pa- 
 rental care ; a sweetheart : v.t. to 
 regard with strong affection ; feel 
 devotion towards ; delight in : v.i. to 
 be in love ; have strong affection. 
 
 love-apple ('ap-1), n. the tomato. 
 
 love-bird ('herd), n. a small bird of 
 the parrot family. 
 
 love-feast ('fest), n. a religious feast 
 of the nature of the agape. 
 
 love-lies-bleeding ( -liz-bled'ing) , 
 n. a species of amaranth. 
 
 loveliness ('li-nes), n. the quality of 
 being lovely. 
 
 lovely ('li), adj. [comp. lovelier, su- 
 perl. loveliest], exciting love or ad- 
 miration ; amiable ; beautiful ; pret 
 ty ; inviting ; delightful : adv. so as 
 to inspire love or admiration. 
 
 lover ('er), n. one who loves; one in 
 love : said of a man ; one deeply at- 
 tached. 
 
 loving ('ing), p.adj. devoted; affec- 
 tionate. 
 
 loving-cup (-kup), n. a wine-cup, 
 usually with several handles, passed 
 round from guest to guest. 
 
 low (lo), adj. not high; depressed; 
 shallow ; not noisy ; subdued ; near 
 the horizon ; cheap ; moderate ; fee- 
 ble or weak ; of less than the normal 
 height ; below the recognized stand- 
 ard ; vulgar ; abject : n. the bellow of 
 cattle : adv. not on high ; deeply ; 
 softly ; quietly ; meaningly ; at a low 
 price ; in humble rank : v.i. to bel- 
 low like cattle. 
 
 lowbell ('bel), n. a sheep- or cattle- 
 bell. 
 
 Low Church (cherch), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the Evangelical section of the 
 English Church, or to its doctrines. 
 
 lower ('er), v.t. to lessen or bring 
 down ; reduce in price or value ; 
 weaken ; humble ; change to a lower 
 pitch : v.i. to become lower ; sink ; 
 
 fall; (lou'er) to appear dark, 
 gloomy, or threatening. 
 
 lower case (kas), n. that part of a 
 compositor's case which contains 
 the small printing types. 
 
 lowering (lou'er-ing), p.adj. over- 
 cast with clouds ; threatening a 
 storm ; gloomy. 
 
 lowermost (lo'er-most), adj. lowest. 
 
 lowing ('ing), n. the bellow of cat- 
 tle. 
 
 lowland ('land), adj. pertaining to 
 a low or level country : n.pl. a level 
 country. 
 
 Low Latin (lat'in), n. mediaeval 
 Latin. 
 
 lowliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
 being lowly. 
 
 lowly ('li), adj. [comp. lowlier, su- 
 perl. lowliest], low in rank or size; 
 humble ; modest : adv. modestly. 
 
 low mass (mas), n. mass said with- 
 out musical accompaniment and by 
 one priest. 
 
 loxia (loks'i-a), n. wryneck. 
 
 loxo, a prefix meaning slanting. 
 
 loyal (loi'al), adj. faithful in allegi- 
 ance to one's sovereign or country ; 
 true to plighted faith or duty. 
 
 loyalist (-ist), n. one who adheres 
 to and supports the authority of his 
 sovereign or country. 
 
 loyally (-li), adv. in a loyal manner. 
 
 lozenge (loz'enj), n. an oblique-an- 
 gled parallelogram ; a rhomb ; dia- 
 mond-shaped figure used in herald- 
 ry ; a sweetmeat. 
 
 lubber (lub'er), n. an awkward, 
 clumsy fellow ; a raw sailor. 
 
 lubricant (lu'bri-kant), n. a sub- 
 stance for lubricating. 
 
 lubricate (-kat), v.t. to make smooth 
 or slippery. 
 
 lubricator (-er), n. one who, or that 
 which, lubricates, especially a de- 
 vice for oiling machinery. 
 
 lucernal (-ser'nal), adj. pertaining 
 to a lamp, or to artificial light. 
 
 lucerne (-sern'), n. a clover-like plant 
 cultivated for fodder. 
 
 lucid ('sid), adj. clear; readily un- 
 derstood ; shining ; transparent. 
 
 lucidity ('i-ti), n. the state of being 
 lucid. 
 
 Lucifer ('si-fer), n. Venus, as the 
 morning star ; Satan. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
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luc 
 
 Ian 
 
 lucifer, n. a match ignited by fric- 
 tion. 
 
 luck (luk), n. casual event or acci- 
 dent ; fortune, either good or bad ; 
 success. 
 
 luckily ('i-li), adv. in a lucky man- 
 ner. 
 
 lucky ( f i), adj. [comp. luckier, su- 
 per!, luckiest], having good luck or 
 fortune ; successful ; auspicious. 
 
 lucrative (lu-kra-tiv), adj. profita- 
 ble. 
 
 lucratively (-li), adv. profitably. 
 
 lucubration (-ku-bra'shun), n. a 
 literary composition produced as the 
 result of protracted study. 
 
 luculi ('ku-H), n.pl. bright spots on 
 the sun's surface. 
 
 luculite (-kii'llt), n. a variety of 
 black marble, cut and polished for 
 ornamental purposes. 
 
 ludicrous ('di-krus), adj. exciting 
 mirth ; comical ; droll. 
 
 luff (luf), n. the weather-gauge, or 
 that part of a ship towards the 
 wind ; the act of sailing close to 
 the wind ; luff -tackle : v.i. to steer 
 nearer to the wind. 
 
 luff -tackle (-tak'l), n. a large tackle 
 consisting of a double and a single 
 block. 
 
 lug (lug), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lugged, 
 p.pr. lugging], to pull or draw 
 along : v.i. to drag ; move heavily ; 
 pull laboriously : n. the act or effort 
 of lugging ; something difficult to 
 move ; a projecting part ; the ear ; 
 a lug-sail ; handle of a vessel : pi. 
 conceited airs. 
 
 luggage ('aj), n. effects of a trav- 
 eler ; baggage. 
 
 lugger ('er), n. a small vessel with 
 2 or 3 masts with a running sprit 
 and lug-sails. 
 
 lug-sail ('sal), n. a square sail, with- 
 out boom or lower yard, bent to a 
 yard that hangs nearly at right an- 
 gles to the mast. 
 
 lugubrious (-gu'bri-us), adj. mourn- 
 ful. 
 
 lugworm ('werm), n. a sand worm. 
 
 lukewarm, ('warm), adj. moderate- 
 ly warm. 
 
 lull (lul), v.t. to soothe to sleep; 
 quiet : v.i. to become calm : n. abate- 
 ment ; temporary calm. 
 
 lullaby ('a-bi), n. [pi. lullabies 
 (-biz)], a cradle-song. 
 
 lumbago (-ba'go), n. rheumatism of 
 the muscles of the loins. 
 
 lumbar ('bar), adj. pertaining to the 
 loins. 
 
 lumber ('ber), n. rubbish; forest 
 timber sawed for market : v.t. to fill 
 with lumber or rubbish ; heap to- 
 gether in disorder : v.i. to cut down 
 timber and prepare it for market. 
 
 lumberer ('ber-er), n. one who cuts 
 forest timber and shapes it for mar- 
 ket. 
 
 lumberman ('ber-man), n. one who 
 is engaged in the lumber trade ; a 
 foreman of lumberers. 
 
 luminary ('mi-na-ri), n. [pi. lumi- 
 naries (-riz)], a body emitting 
 light, especially a heavenly body ; 
 one who enlightens or instructs. 
 
 luminescence (lu-mi-nes'ens), n. a 
 power of emitting light possessed 
 by certain bodies that have been 
 exposed to light or radiant energy. 
 
 luminiferous (-nif'er-us), adj. emit- 
 ting, or transmitting, light. 
 
 luminous ('mi-nus), adj. emitting or 
 radiating light ; bright ; clear ; per- 
 spicuous. 
 
 lump (lump), n. a small shapeless 
 mass ; aggregate ; gross ; a swelling ; 
 v.t. to throw or unite in the gross ; 
 heap indiscriminately ; put up with. 
 
 lumper ('er), n. a docker; militia- 
 man. 
 
 lumpfish ('fish), n. a thick marine 
 fish with horny spines. 
 
 lumpy ('i)_, adj. full of lumps. 
 
 lunacy (lu'na-si), n. [pi. lunacies 
 (-siz)], mental unsoundness: adj. 
 pertaining to lunacy, or to lunatics. 
 
 lunar ('nar), adj. pertaining to, 
 measured by, or influenced by, the 
 moon : n. lunar distance. 
 
 lunar month (munth), n. a month 
 measured by the complete revolution 
 of the moon = 29% days. 
 
 lunar year (yer), n. a year of twelve 
 lunar months = 354 1-3 days. 
 
 lunate ('nat), adj. crescent-shaped. 
 
 lunatic ('na-tik), adj. affected with, 
 or characteristic of, lunacy : n. one 
 who is insane. 
 
 lunation (-na'shun), n. a complete 
 revolution of the moon. 
 
 Ite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
Inn 
 
 lunch (lunch), n. a light meal be- 
 tween breakfast and dinner. Also 
 luncheon : v.i. to take lunch. 
 
 lunette (lti-net'), n. anything shaped 
 like a half-moon, as in fortification, 
 &c. ; a flattened watch-glass. 
 
 lung (lung), n. one of two organs of 
 respiration in air-breathing verte- 
 brates. 
 
 lunge (lunj), n. a sudden thrust or 
 pass with the sword ; sudden lurch : 
 v.i. to make a lunge. 
 
 lung-wort (lung'wert), n. a plant 
 with dark-colored leaves spotted 
 with white ; a lichen growing on 
 trees. 
 
 luni, a prefix meaning moon, as luni- 
 solar : adj. produced by the united 
 attraction of the moon and the sun. 
 
 lunula (hi'nu-la), n. [pi. lunulse 
 (-le)], the white crescent-shaped 
 part of the nail near the root. 
 
 lupus ('pus), n. a chronic tubercu- 
 lous disease which eats into the 
 skin, especially of the face. 
 
 lurch, (lerch), n. a sudden roll to one 
 side, as of a ship ; tendency ; a dif- 
 ficult or forlorn position ; a losing 
 position in cribbage : v.i. to roll 
 suddenly to one side. 
 
 lure (lur), v.t. to allure: n. any- 
 thing used as an enticement ; bait ; 
 a long carved trumpet used in Scan- 
 dinavia. 
 
 lurid ( 'id ) , adj. greyish-orange ; wan ; 
 ghastly; pale; gloomy. 
 
 lurk (lerk), v.i. to lie in wait; be 
 concealed. 
 
 luscious (lush'us), adj. sweet to ex- 
 cess ; delightful to the taste or 
 sense ; fulsome. 
 
 lush (lush), adj. rich and juicy: n. 
 intoxicating drink. 
 
 lust (lust), n. strong desire to pos- 
 sess or enjoy ; concupiscence : v.i. 
 to desire strongly ; have inordinate 
 desires (with after). 
 
 lustful ('fool), adj. sensual; robust. 
 
 lustfully ( -li ) , adv. in a lustful man- 
 ner. 
 
 lustily ('i-li), adv. in a lusty man- 
 ner. 
 
 lustiness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing lusty. 
 
 lustral (lus'tral), adj. pertaining to, 
 or used in, purification. 
 
 lye 
 
 lustration (-tra'shun), n. purifica- 
 tion. 
 
 luster ('ter), n. brightness; splen- 
 dor ; brilliancy of reflected light ; re- 
 nown ; a chandelier ornamented 
 with cut glass pendants; a lustrous 
 dress-cloth; the quality and intensi- 
 ty of light reflected from the surface 
 of minerals. 
 
 lustrous ('trus), adj. having a lus- 
 ter. 
 
 lust wort ('wert), n. the plant sun- 
 dew. 
 
 lusty ('i), adj. [comp. lustier, superl. 
 lustiest], robust; vigorous; healthy. 
 
 lute (hit), n. a stringed musical in- 
 strument of the guitar family; a 
 composition of clay, &c, used for 
 making the joints of vessels air- 
 tight, or protecting them from the 
 action of fire. 
 
 Lutheran ('ther-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Luther, the German reformer, 
 or to the Lutheran Church and its 
 doctrines : n. a* member of the Lu- 
 theran Church. 
 
 Imtheranism (-izm), n. the doctrines 
 of Luther and the Lutheran Church. 
 
 lux (luks), n. [pi. luces (lu'sez)], the 
 unit of intensity of electrical illumi- 
 nation. 
 
 luxuriance (lug-zu'ri-ans), n. exu- 
 berant in growth. Also luxuriancy. 
 
 luxuriant ('ri-ant), adj. character- 
 ized by luxuriance ; superabundant ; 
 superfluous. 
 
 luxuriate ('ri-at), v.i. to grow ex- 
 uberantly ; live luxuriously ; indulge 
 unrestrainedly. 
 
 luxurious ('ri-us), adj. pertaining to 
 luxury ; indulging in, or administer- 
 ing to, luxury. 
 
 luxury (luk'shu-ri), n. [pi. luxuries 
 (-riz)], extravagant indulgence in 
 the pleasures of the senses, dress, 
 &c. ; a dainty ; anything productive 
 of enjoyment. 
 
 ly, a suffix meaning like, or pertain- 
 ing to, as womanly, &c. 
 
 Lyceum (li-se'um), n. [pi. Lyceums, 
 Lycea ('umz, 'a)], originally the 
 grove at Athens where Aristotle 
 taught. 
 
 lyceum (-se'um), n. a literary semi- 
 nary ; an academy ; a literary asso- 
 
 6te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
lye 
 
 lyr 
 
 ciation ; an intermediate classical 
 school. 
 
 Lycurgan (-ker'gan), adj. pertaining 
 to Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver, 
 noted for the severity of his code of 
 laws : hence relentlessly severe. 
 
 lyddite (lid'it), n. a powerful explo- 
 sive, consisting chiefly of picric acid. 
 
 Liydian (lid'i-an), adj. pertaining to 
 ancient Lydia in Asia Minor, noted 
 for its luxury, music, and purple 
 dyes ; effeminate ; voluptuous. 
 
 lye (II), 11. an alkaline solution. 
 
 lying ('ing), p. adj. addicted to false- 
 hood ; the state or act of being re- 
 cumbent : n. untruthfulness. 
 
 lying-in (-in), adj. pertaining to 
 childbirth : n. parturition. 
 
 lymph (limf), n. a colorless alkaline 
 nutritive fluid in animal bodies. 
 
 lymphad (limf 'ad), n. an oar-pro- 
 pelled galley with one mast. 
 
 lymphatic (lim-fat'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, conveying, or containing 
 
 lymph ; sluggish : pi. the minute 
 ducts which convey lymph. 
 
 lynch (linch), v.t. to judge and pun- 
 ish by lynch-law. 
 
 lynch-law ('law), n. summary pun- 
 ishment by private individuals with- 
 out the usual legal formalities. 
 
 lynx (links), n. a fierce cat-like ani- 
 mal, proverbial for its keenness of 
 sight. 
 
 lyrate (H'rat), adj. lyre-shaped. 
 
 lyre (Hr), n. a musical instrument of 
 the harp kind : used by the ancients 
 to accompany the voice. 
 
 lyre-hird ('berd), n. an Australian 
 bird having a tail shaped like a 
 lyre. 
 
 lyric (lir'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 adapted to singing to, a lyre : n. a 
 lyric composition. 
 
 lyric poetry (po'et-ri), n. poetry 
 expressive of the emotion of the 
 poet. 
 
 lyrist (lir'ist), n. a performer on the 
 lyre ; a lyric poet. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl ; m5, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ma (ma), n. contraction of mamma; 
 a Hindu form of respectful address 
 to a woman. 
 
 macaco (ma-ka/ko), n. a name for 
 the ruffled lemur, and the ring-tailed 
 lemur. 
 
 macacus (-ka'kus), n. the ape- 
 baboon. 
 
 macadamize (mak-ad'am-iz), v.t. to 
 cover (a road) with small broken 
 stone, so as to form a smooth hard 
 rounded surface. 
 
 macaroni (-a-ro'ni), n. a paste com- 
 posed chiefly of fine flour and made 
 into long thin tubes ; a dandy of the 
 18th century. 
 
 macaronic (-ron'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or like, macaroni, or to a 
 burlesque composition consisting of 
 a jumble of incongruous words : n. 
 macaronic verse. 
 
 macaroon (-roon'), n, a small cake 
 made of flour, eggs, almonds, and 
 sugar. 
 
 macaw (ma-kaw'), n. a large and 
 handsome species of parrot with 
 strong hooked bill. 
 
 mace (mas), n. a massive staff usual- 
 ly surmounted with a crown ; a 
 heavy billiard cue ; the second cov- 
 ering of the nutmeg. 
 
 macerate (mas'er-at), v.t. to soften 
 or separate the parts of by steeping 
 in a fluid ; mortify or harass. 
 
 machete (ma-cha'ta), n. a large 
 heavy knife used by the inhabitants 
 of South America for cutting through 
 forests, &c. 
 
 Machiavellian (mak-i-a-vel'i-an), 
 adj. pertaining to Machiavelli, the 
 Florentine statesman, or to his prin- 
 
 ciples of political duplicity: hence 
 crafty ; double-dealing : n. a cunning, 
 unprincipled politician. 
 
 Machiavellianism (-izm), n. the 
 principles of Machiavelli. 
 
 machination (-i-na'shun), n. a plot; 
 artifice. 
 
 machine (ma-shen'), n. any. contri- 
 vance to increase and regulate mo- 
 tive power ; an engine ; a light car- 
 riage or vehicle; one who acts me- 
 chanically or at the bidding of an- 
 other. 
 
 machinery ('er-i), n. machines col- 
 lectively; parts of a machine; any 
 combination by which something is 
 kept in action or the result desired 
 is obtained. 
 
 machinist ('ist), n. a constructor of 
 machines; one skilled in the princi- 
 ples of machinery ; one who works, 
 or attends to, a machine. 
 
 mackerel (mak'er-el), n. an edible 
 marine fish, mottled with green and 
 blue. 
 
 mackintosh (mak'in-tosh), n. an 
 india-rubber water-proof overcoat. 
 
 mackle ('1), v.t. to blot or blur, so 
 as to produce the impression of 
 double printing. 
 
 made ('1), n. a twin-crystal. 
 
 macled ('Id), adj. spotted. 
 
 macro, a prefix meaning large, long, 
 as macrocephalous, adj. large-head- 
 ed. 
 
 macrocosm (mak-ro'kozm), n. the 
 universe. 
 
 macrometer (ma-krom'e-ter), n. an 
 optical instrument for determining 
 the distance or size of inaccessible 
 objects. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
mac 
 
 macron (mak'ron), n. a mark (-) 
 over a vowel to indicate that it is 
 long, as came. 
 
 mad (mad), adj. [comp. madder, su- 
 pcrl. maddest], mentally disordered 
 or distracted ; insane ; infatuated ; 
 furious with rage or terror ; in- 
 flamed with anger. 
 
 madam ('am), n. [pi. mesdames 
 (ma-dam')], a complimentary title, 
 or form of courteous address to a 
 lady. 
 
 madarosis (-a-ro'sis), n. loss of the 
 hair, especially that of the eye- 
 lashes. 
 
 madcap ('kap), n. a wild, thought- 
 less, eccentric person. 
 
 madden ('n), v.t. to make mad or 
 furious : v.i. to become mad or furi- 
 ous. 
 
 madder ('er), n. a plant of the ge- 
 nus Rubia, from the root of which 
 a red dye and pigment is extracted. 
 
 madding ('ing), adj. raging; furi- 
 ous. 
 
 made (mad), adj. artificially pro- 
 duced or formed : p.t. & p.p.oi make. 
 
 madeira (ma-de'ra), n. a. rich wine 
 made in the island of Madeira. 
 
 mademoiselle (mad-mwa-zel'), in 
 France, a title of courtesy given to 
 a young lady. 
 
 madonna (ma-don'na), n. [pi. ma- 
 donnas ('naz)], a picture of the 
 Virgin Mary, usually with the in- 
 fant Christ. 
 
 madreperl ( niad're-perl ) , n. mother- 
 of-pearl. 
 
 madrepore (mad're-por), n. coral. 
 
 madrigal ('ri-gal),*w. a light amor- 
 ous song ; a pastoral poem ; a part 
 song unaccompanied by music. 
 
 maelstrom (mal'strum), n. a cele- 
 brated whirlpool on the Norwegian 
 coast. 
 
 magazine (mag-a-zen'), n. a ware- 
 house ; receptacle for military 
 stores, as ammunition, &c. ; cham- 
 ber in a gun ; a periodical literary 
 or scientific publication. 
 
 magdalen ('da-len), n. a reformed 
 prostitute, from Mary Magdalene 
 (Luke vii. 36-50). 
 
 magenta (ma-jen'ta), n. a red ani- 
 line dye. 
 
 maggot (mag'ot), n. the footless lar- 
 va of a fly ; grub ; whim. 
 
 maggoty ('ot-i), adj. full of mag- 
 gots ; whimsical. 
 
 Magi (ma'ji), n.pl. among the Akka- 
 dians and ancient Persians, the 
 sacerdotal and learned class ; the 
 wise men of the East. 
 
 Magian ('ji-an), adj. pertaining to 
 the Magi : n. one of the Magi ; an 
 adherent of the Zoroastrian religion. 
 
 magic (maj'ik), n. the pretended art 
 of working by the power or assist- 
 ance of supernatural beings; sor- 
 cery ; witchcraft ; enchantment : adj. 
 pertaining to, produced by, or ex- 
 ercising, magic; enchanted; necro- 
 mantic. Also magical. 
 
 magically (-al-li), adv. as by magic. 
 
 magician (ma-jish'an), n. one skilled 
 in magic. 
 
 magic lantern (maj'ik lan'tern), n. 
 an optical instrument for producing 
 magnified objects on a screen. 
 
 magic square (skwar), n. a series of 
 numbers in parallel or equal rows 
 so arranged that the perpendicular, 
 horizontal, and diagonal columns 
 shall give the same sum. 
 
 magilp (ma-gilp'), n. a mixture of 
 linseed-oil and mastic varnish. 
 
 magisterial ( maj-is-te'ri-al ) , adj. 
 pertaining to, or suitable to, a mas- 
 ter or magistrate ; authoritative. 
 
 magistracy ('is-tra-si), n. [pi. mag- 
 istracies (-siz) ], the office or dignity 
 of a magistrate ; magistrates collec- 
 tively. 
 
 magistrate ('is-trat), n. a civil of- 
 ficer invested with certain judicial 
 and executive powers. 
 
 Magna Chart a ('na. kar'ta), n. the 
 Great Charter, forming the basis of 
 civil liberty, granted by King John 
 of England to the Barons, 1215. 
 Also the Great Charter granted by 
 Henry III. and confirmed by Ed- 
 ward I. 
 
 magnanimity (-na - nim ' i-ti) , n. 
 greatness of mind ; elevation of 
 soul ; nobility. 
 
 magnanimous (-nan'i-mus), adj. 
 great of mind ; elevated in soul or 
 sentiment ; generous ; courageous ; 
 heroic. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
mag 
 
 magnate ('nat), n. a person of rank 
 or distinction ; nobleman. 
 
 magnesia (-ne'shi-a), n. a white 
 tasteless earthy powder, the oxide of 
 magnesium. 
 
 magnesium (-um), n. a metallic ele- 
 ment, the base of magnesia. 
 
 magnesium light pit), n. a power- 
 ful and brilliant light produced by 
 the combustion of metallic magne- 
 sium. 
 
 magnet ('net), 11. the loadstone; a 
 magnetized steel bar. 
 
 magnetic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 exhibiting, or produced by, the mag- 
 net or magnetism. 
 
 magnetic poles (polz), n.pl. the two 
 points in the north and south polar 
 regions where the magnetic needle 
 is vertical. 
 
 magnetics (-net'iks), n. the science 
 of magnetism. 
 
 magnetism (-izm), n. that property 
 possessed by various bodies, as iron 
 or steel, of attracting or repelling 
 each other according to certain phys- 
 ical laws ; the science that treats of 
 such magnetic phenomena and laws. 
 
 magnetize ('net-iz), v.t. to communi- 
 cate magnetic properties to. 
 
 magneto, a prefix meaning pertain- 
 ing to, or caused by, magnetism, as 
 magneto-electricity, electric pheno- 
 mena produced by magnetism. 
 
 magnet ograph ('o-graf), n. an in- 
 strument for registering automatic- 
 ally terrestrial magnetism. 
 
 magnetometer (-om'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring the intensity 
 of magnetic force. 
 
 magnincable ( -nif 'i-ka-bl ) , adj. ca- 
 pable of being magnified or extolled. 
 
 magnificence ('i-sens), n. grandeur 
 of appearance ; splendor ; pomp. 
 
 magnificent ('i-sent), adj. grand in 
 appearance ; splendid ; pompous ; 
 sublime. 
 
 magnifico ('i-ko), n. formerly a cour- 
 tesy title of the noblemen of Venice ; 
 the rector of a German university. 
 
 magnifier ( 'ni-f I-er ) , n. one who, or 
 that which, magnifies. 
 
 magnify ('ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 magnified, p.pr. magnifying], to 
 make great or greater ; increase the 
 
 mah 
 
 apparent dimensions of ; glorify or 
 extol. 
 
 magniloquent (-nil'o-kwent), adj. 
 pompous in style or speech ; bom- 
 bastic. 
 
 magnitude ('ni-tud), n. comparative 
 size or bulk ; extent of dimensions 
 (length, breadth, and thickness) ; 
 importance. 
 
 magnolia (-no'li-a), n. a handsome 
 sweet-scented flowering shrub. 
 
 magnum ('num), n. a large wine 
 bottle. 
 
 magpie ('pi), n. a chattering bird of 
 the crow genus. 
 
 maguey ('wa or ma-ga'e), n. the 
 century plant, a species of agave or 
 American aloe. 
 
 Magyar ('yar), adj. pertaining to 
 the Hungarian race or language. 
 
 maharmah (ma-har'ma), n. a muslin 
 wrap worn by Turkish women over 
 the head and across the mouth and 
 chin when out of doors. 
 
 mahatma (ma-hat'ma), n. a priest 
 of the inner cult of Buddhism ; a 
 theosophist. 
 
 Mahdi (ma'de), n. a title given to 
 certain Mohammedan spiritual lead- 
 ers : applied especially to the last 
 great millennial, spiritual or tem- 
 poral leader (imam) of the Faithful. 
 
 Mahdism ('dizm), n. the doctrine of 
 the coming of the Mahdi. 
 
 Mahdist ('dist), n. one who enter- 
 tains the belief that the Mahdi has 
 appeared. 
 
 maM- stick (mawl'stik), n. a stick 
 used by painters as a rest for the 
 hand while painting. Also maul- 
 stick. 
 
 mahogany (ma-hog'a-ni), n. a tree 
 of tropical America yielding a dark 
 reddish-brown wood, used for fur- 
 niture ; a dining-table. 
 
 Mahomedan or Mahometan, see 
 Mohammedan. 
 
 mahoohoo (-hoo'hoo), n. the white 
 two-horned rhinoceros of Africa. 
 
 Mahori (ma'ho-re), adj. pertaining to 
 the Eastern Polynesian race. 
 
 mahout (ma-hoot'), n. an elephant 
 driver or keeper. 
 
 Mahratti (-rat'e), n. the language of 
 the Mahrattas, spoken in the Dec- 
 can. Also Marathi. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, tfften. 
 
mail 
 
 mal 
 
 Mahratta ('a), adj. pertaining to 
 the Mahrattas, a people inhabiting 
 part of West and Central India, or 
 to their language. 
 
 maid (mad), n. a young unmarried 
 woman ; girl ; virgin ; a female serv- 
 ant. 
 
 maiden ('en), n. an unmarried wom- 
 an ; virgin ; girl ; a washing ma- 
 chine ; a kind of guillotine formerly 
 used in Scotland ; in cricket, an over 
 in which no runs are scored : adj. 
 pertaining to, or like, a maiden ; 
 pure ; innocent ; unsullied ; unused. 
 
 maidenhair (-bar), n. a handsome 
 and delicate-leafed fern. 
 
 maidenhead (-hed), n. virginity. 
 
 maidenhood (-hood), n. the state of 
 being a maiden. 
 
 maidenliness ('li-nes), n. the qual- 
 ity of being maidenly ; modesty. 
 
 maidenly ('li), adj. like, or suitable 
 to, a maiden ; modest ; gentle : adv. 
 in a maidenlike manner. 
 
 mail (mal), n. defensive body armor 
 of steel, net, or plate-work ; govern- 
 ment system for conveying letters, 
 &c. ; a receptacle for the conveyance 
 of letters, &c. ; letters, &c, carried 
 by post ; tribute formerly levied by 
 freebooters : y v.t. to clothe with, or 
 as with, mail ; post, or send by post. 
 
 mailable ('a-bl), adj. admissible by 
 post. 
 
 mailed ('d), adj. clad in, or covered 
 by, mail ; spotted ; speckled ; posted. 
 
 maim (mam), v.t. to deprive of the 
 use of a limb ; cripple or mutilate : 
 n. an injury to the body by crippling 
 or mutilation. 
 
 main (man), adj. chief; principal; 
 leading ; direct : n. the ocean. 
 
 mainmast (man'mast), n. the prin- 
 cipal mast of a vessel. 
 
 mainsail (man'sal), n. the principal 
 sail. 
 
 mainsheet ('shet), n. one of the 
 ropes by which the mainsail is ex- 
 tended and fastened. 
 
 mainstay ('sta), n. the stay extend- 
 ing from the foot of the foremast to 
 the main-top. 
 
 maintain (-tan'), v.t. to support; 
 sustain ; defend ; vindicate ; affirm ; 
 continue. 
 
 maintenance ('te-nans), n. suste- 
 nance ; support ; vindication ; cham- 
 perty. 
 
 maize (maz), n. Indian corn. 
 
 majestic (ma-jes'tik), adj. having 
 dignity of person or mien ; stately ; 
 noble ; sublime. 
 
 majestically (-al-li), adv. in a ma- 
 jestic manner. 
 
 majesty (maj'es-ti), n. [pi. majesties 
 ( -tiz ) ] , sovereignty ; grandeur ; no- 
 bility ; sublimity. 
 
 majolica (ma-jol'i-ka), n. a fine soft 
 enameled kind of pottery. 
 
 major (ma'jer), adj. greater in num- 
 ber, extent, or quality ; greater by 
 a semitone [Mus.] : n. a military 
 officer next in rank above a cap- 
 tain ; the first proposition of a reg- 
 ular syllogism in which the major 
 term is contained. 
 
 major-domo (-do'mo), n. the stew- 
 ard of a household. 
 
 major-general (-jen'er-al), n. an 
 officer next in rank below a lieuten- 
 ant-general. 
 
 majority (ma-jor'i-ti), n. [pi. ma- 
 jorities (-tiz)], the state of being 
 greater ; greater number ; more than 
 half; full legal age (21) ; rank, &c, 
 of a major. 
 
 major term (ma'jer term), n. that 
 term of a syllogism which forms the 
 predicate of the conclusion. 
 
 make (mak), v.t. to create; fashion; 
 fabricate ; compose ; produce or ef- 
 fect ; prepare for use ; acquire ; in- 
 cur ; force ; raise to rank or dig- 
 nity ; score ; keep or hold ; arrive 
 near or in sight of : v.i. to tend or 
 move ; have effect ; contribute ; be 
 active ; rise or flow : n. shape ; con- 
 struction. 
 
 makeshift (mak'shift), n. a tempo- 
 rary expedient. 
 
 make-up ('up), n. the general com- 
 position of anything ; artificial prep- 
 aration. 
 
 makeweight ('wat), n. anything 
 which is added to make up weight. 
 
 mal, a prefix meaning ill, evil. Also 
 male, as, maZadroit, clumsy ; male- 
 volent, malicious, spiteful, &c. 
 
 malachite (mal'a-kit), n. native car- 
 bonate of copper, of a blue or green 
 color. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
inal 
 
 tal 
 
 maladroit, see under mal. 
 
 malady ('a-di), n. [pi. maladies 
 (-diz)], a disease, especially a deep- 
 seated or lingering disorder, mental 
 or physical. 
 
 malaga ('a-ga), n. a variety of wine. 
 
 Malagasy ('a-gas-i), n. a native of 
 Madagascar ; the language of Mada- 
 gascar. 
 
 malaise (ma-laz'), n. a vague feeling 
 of uneasiness, often as the precursor 
 of an attack of illness. 
 
 malapert ('a-pert), adj. pert; saucy. 
 
 malapropism ('a-prop-izm), n. a 
 grotesque misuse of fine words : from 
 Mrs. Malaprop, in Sheridan's The 
 Rivals. 
 
 malapropos (-ap-ro-po'), adv. unsea- 
 sonably. 
 
 malar (ma'lar), adj. pertaining to 
 the cheek or cheek-bone. 
 
 malaria (ma-la'ri-a), n. noxious ex- 
 halations from marshy land, produc- 
 ing fevers, &c. ; disease produced by 
 such exhalations or by the bite of 
 malaria-infested mosquitoes ; chills 
 and fever ; ague. 
 
 malarial ('ri-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 producing, or infected by, malaria. 
 
 malarious ('ri-us), adj. full of, or 
 causing, malaria. 
 
 Malay (-la'), adj. pertaining to the 
 inhabitants of Malay, or to their 
 language. 
 
 malcontent (mal'kon-tent), adj. dis- 
 contented, especially with established 
 authority. 
 
 male (mal), adj. pertaining to the 
 sex that begets young ; not female ; 
 bearing stamens ; suitable to the 
 male sex : n. one of the male sex. 
 
 malediction (mal-e-dik'shun), n. de- 
 nunciation of evil ; execration ; curse. 
 
 malefactor ('e-fak-ter), n. an evil 
 doer ; criminal. 
 
 malevolence (ma-lev'o-lens), n. 
 spitefulness ; ill-will. 
 
 malevolent, see under mal. 
 
 malfeasance (mal-fe'zans), n. an il- 
 legal act or deed. 
 
 malformation (-for-ma'shun), n. 
 faulty or abnormal structure of an 
 organism. 
 
 malic (ma'lik), adj. derived from 
 fruit, especially from the apple. 
 
 malice (mal'is), n. evil intenton to 
 
 injure others ; deliberate mischief ; 
 spite. 
 
 malicious (ma-lish'us), adj. bearing 
 ill-will or spite ; prompted by hatred. 
 
 malign (-lin), v.t. to speak evil of; 
 slander : adj. hurtful ; pestilential. 
 
 malignancy (-lig'nan-si), n. the 
 state of being malignant ; virulence 
 
 malignant ('nant), adj. malicious; 
 pernicious; intending or effecting 
 evil ; virulent. 
 
 maligner (-lin'er), n. one who ma- 
 ligns. 
 
 malignity (-lig'ni-ti), n. the state of 
 being malignant ; malice ; virulence. 
 
 malinger (-ling'ger), v.i. to feign ill- 
 ness in order to evade duty. 
 
 malison ('i-zn), n. a curse; execra- 
 tion. 
 
 mall (mawl), n. a large heavy wooden 
 mallet or beetle ; a public walk 
 shaded by trees, originally a place 
 where the game of pall-mall was 
 played. 
 
 mallard (mal'ard), n. a wild duck. 
 
 malleability (-e-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being malleable. 
 
 malleable ('e-a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being extended by hammering or 
 rolling. 
 
 malleolar ('e-o-lar), adj. pertaining 
 to the ankle. 
 
 mallet ('et), n. a wooden hammer. 
 
 malleus ('e-us), n. one of the three 
 small auditory bones of the ear. 
 
 mallow ('6), n. a plant of the genus 
 Malva. Also mallows. 
 
 malmsey (mam'zi), n. a rich variety 
 of grape; a strong, full-flavored 
 sweet wine. 
 
 malpractice (mal-prak'tis), n. evil 
 practice ; illegal or immoral conduct. 
 
 malt (mawlt), n. barley or other 
 grain steeped in water, fermented, 
 and kiln dried for brewing : adj. 
 made with malt : v.t . to make into 
 malt : v.i. to be converted into malt. 
 
 Maltese (mawl'tez), adj. pertaining 
 to Malta, or to its inhabitants. 
 
 Malthusian (mal-thu'si-an), adj. 
 pertaining to Malthus, the political 
 economist, or his theory that over- 
 population should be checked by 
 moral self-control. 
 
 mal tine (mawlt'in), n. the fermenta- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
MONGOLIAN 
 
 
 CAUCASIAN 
 
 
 
 i Tunguse Woman z Kirghis 
 
 7 C^ss.-i' k 
 
 8 Gei rgian Woman 9 Cashi 
 
 icrian 
 
 15 Diak tt 
 
 3 Chinese Woman 4 Corean 
 
 [0 Persian 
 
 nAr.il. i-Swe.le 13 Scot 
 
 .man 
 
 l ; Ainlain. 
 
 5 Japanese Woman 1 chukt< hi 
 
 
 14 Italian (Si- ilyj 
 
 
 
 Convright MDCCCXCVI, by )\ ) 
 
 :. Wright 
 
 
 
 
 MALA 
 
 nan 1 6 M 
 
AMERICAN 
 Eskimo (Labrador) 22 Sioux (No. Amer. 
 
 ■ ■. Amer.) v\ Mexican Squaw (Yucatan) 
 Brazil) 26 Araucanian (Chile) 
 
 27 i-uegian \V 
 
 ETHIOPIAN 
 28 Massai In 30 T.oan^o AYoman 
 
 31 Abj'ssinian Woman 31- Nubian 33 Bushman 
 
mal 
 
 tive principle of malt ; a medicinal 
 preparation in which malt forms 
 the chief ingredient. 
 
 malt-liquor (mawlt'lik-er), n. an 
 alcoholic liquor made from malt, as 
 beer, ale, stout. 
 
 maltose ('6s), n. sugar obtained 
 from starch by the action of diastase 
 or malt. 
 
 maltreat (mal-rref), v.t. to treat ill 
 or roughly. 
 
 malversation (-ver-sa'shun), n. 
 fraudulent practices, especially those 
 committed in an office of trust. 
 
 mama ( ma-ma' or m'a'ma), n. famil- 
 iar name for mother. Also mamma. 
 
 Mamaluke (mam'a-hlk), n. one of a 
 body of cavalry constituting the mil- 
 itary force of Egypt : destroyed by 
 Mehemet Ali (1811). Also Mam- 
 eluke. 
 
 mamma (ma-ma', or ma'ma), n. a 
 family name for mother. 
 
 mammae (mam'e), n.pl. the breasts. 
 
 mammal ('al), n. one of the Mam- 
 malia. 
 
 Mammalia (-a'li-a), n.pl. the highest 
 class of the Vertebrata, containing 
 those animals which suckle their 
 young. 
 
 mammalian (Tl-an), adj. pertaining 
 to the Mammalia. 
 
 mammary ('a-ri), adj. pertaining to 
 the breasts. 
 
 mammillary ('il-a-ri), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or resembling, the breast or 
 nipples. 
 
 mammodis ('mo-dis), n. coarse plain 
 Indian muslins. 
 
 mammon ('un), n. wealth; wordly 
 gain : from Mammon, the Syrian god 
 of riches. 
 
 mammoth ('moth), n. an extinct 
 species of huge fossil elephants : adj. 
 gigantic. 
 
 man (man), n. [pi. men (men)], a 
 human being ; an adult male of the 
 human species ; mankind ; male serv- 
 ant ; vassal ; one possessed of man- 
 ly attributes ; a husband ; one of 
 the pieces in chess or draughts : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. manned, p.pr. manning], 
 to furnish with men ; guard. 
 
 manacle ( 'a-kl ) , n. a handcuff : v.t. 
 to place handcuffs upon ; shackle. 
 
 manage ('aj), v.t. to conduct or car- 
 
 ry on ; govern ; render docile or trac- 
 table ; use cautiously ; wield : v.i. to 
 conduct affairs. 
 
 manageable ('aj-a-bl), adj. easy to 
 be managed ; docile. 
 
 management ('aj-ment), n. the act 
 or art of managing ; control ; skill 
 in direction ; administration. 
 
 manager ('a-jer), n. one who directs 
 or conducts anything ; a skilful econ- 
 omist. 
 
 managerial (-je'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a manager or to management. 
 
 manakin ('a-kin), n. sl dwarf. 
 
 manatee (-a-te'), n. the sea-cow. 
 Also manati. 
 
 manbote ('bot), n. among the Anglo- 
 Saxons, the fine paid for killing a 
 man. 
 
 mandamus (-da'mus) (Latin we com- 
 mand), n. a writ issued by a superior 
 court directing the person or in- 
 ferior court to whom it is issued to 
 perform some specified act. 
 
 mandarin (-da-ren'), n. in China, an 
 official or magistrate, of whom there 
 are nine classes, each being distin- 
 guished by a particular kind of but- 
 ton worn on the cap ; a variety of 
 orange : v.t. to dye (silk, &c.) an 
 orange color produced by the action 
 of dilute nitric acid on the fiber. 
 
 mandarinate ('at), n. mandarins 
 collectively. 
 
 mandarin duck (duk), n. an Asiat- 
 ic duck with handsome plumage. 
 
 mandatary ('da-ta-ri), n. a person 
 to whom a mandate is given ; one to 
 whom the Pope has, by his preroga- 
 tive, given a mandate or order for 
 his benefice. Also mandatory. 
 
 mandate ('dat), n. an order; com- 
 mand ; Papal rescript. 
 
 mandatory ('da-to-ri), adj. contain- 
 ing a mandate ; directory. 
 
 mandible ('di-bl), n. the jaw; in 
 vertebrates, the under jaw ; in birds, 
 both jaws : in insects and crusta- 
 ceans, the anterior pair. 
 
 mandolin ('do-lin), n. a musical in- 
 strument of the guitar kind. 
 
 mandrake ('drak), n. a plant of the 
 nightshade family, with narcotic 
 properties. 
 
 mandrel ('drel), n. the shank of a 
 lathe on which the work to be turned 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon,, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
is placed ; the revolving arbor of a 
 circular saw. Also mandril. 
 
 mandrill ('dril), n. the blue-faced 
 baboon of Africa. 
 
 mane (man), n. the long hair on the 
 neck of certain quadrupeds, as the 
 horse. 
 
 manege (ma-nazh'), n. the art of 
 horsemanship ; the training of 
 horses ; a school for horsemanship. 
 
 manes (ma'nez), n.pl. the shades of 
 the departed ; the deities of the in- 
 fernal regions. 
 
 maneuver, manoeuvre ( ma-noo'- 
 ver), n. adroit management or opera- 
 tion in military or naval affairs ; 
 
 i skilful or dexterous management ; 
 stratagem : v.i. to perform maneu- 
 vers with troops or war vessels ; 
 manage with adroitness or address. 
 
 manful (man'fool), adj. courageous; 
 resolute. 
 
 manfully (-li), adv. bravely; reso- 
 lutely. 
 
 manganate (mang'ga-nat), n. a salt 
 of manganic acid. 
 
 manganese (-nez), n. a grey-colored, 
 hard and brittle metallic element. 
 
 mange (manj), n. a cutaneous dis- 
 ease of dogs, cattle, &c. 
 
 manger (man'jer), n. a feeding 
 trough for horses or cattle. 
 
 mangily ('ji-li), adv. in a mangy 
 manner. 
 
 manginess ('ji-nes), n. the state of 
 being mangy. 
 
 mangle (mang'gl), v.t. to lacerate; 
 mutilate ; hack ; to smooth with a 
 mangle : n. a machine for smoothing 
 linen. 
 
 mangier ( mang'gl er), n. a meat- 
 chopping machine; one who man- 
 gles. 
 
 mango ('go), n. [pi. mangoes 
 ('goz) ], the fruit of the mango tree. 
 
 mango-fish (-fish), n. a handsome 
 yellow-colored edible fish of the 
 Ganges. 
 
 mangosteen (-sten), n. a delicious 
 fruit of the size of an orange grow- 
 ing in Java and the Moluccas. Also 
 mangostan. 
 
 mangrove (mang'grov), n. an East 
 and West Indian tree yielding an 
 edible fruit : its bark is used in 
 tanning. 
 
 mangy (man'ji), adj. affected with 
 the mange ; unkept. 
 
 manhood ('hood), n. human nature; 
 manliness. 
 
 mania (ma'ni-a), n. violent insanity; 
 intense excitement ; excessive or un- 
 reasonable desire. 
 
 maniac ('ni-ak), adj. affected with 
 mania : n. a madman. 
 
 manicure (man'i-kur), n. the care of 
 the hands, nails, &c. 
 
 manifest ('i-fest), adj. clear; plain; 
 apparent : v.t. to make manifest ; 
 place beyond doubt : n. the invoice 
 of a cargo to be exhibited to the cus- 
 tom-house officials. 
 
 manifesto (-fes'to), n. [pi. manifes- 
 toes ('toz)], a public declaration 
 concerning political measures or in- 
 tentions. 
 
 manifold ('i-fold), adj. various in 
 kind or quality ; numerous ; multi- 
 plied ; complicated : adv. many 
 times : v.t. to reduplicate by means 
 of a manifold-writer. 
 
 manifold- writer (rl'ter), n. an ap- 
 paratus for reduplicating a writing 
 by means of thin tracing paper. 
 
 manikin ('i-kin), n. a dwarf; a 
 model of the human body for ana- 
 tomical study. 
 
 manila, manilla (ma-nil'a), n. a 
 kind of cheroot manufactured at Ma- 
 nila in the Philippine Islands ; a 
 hemp used for ropes, matting, &c, 
 made from the fibers of Musa tex- 
 tilis, allied to the banana. 
 
 manioc (man'i-ok), n. a tropical 
 plant from the roots of which 
 tapioca and cassava are prepared. 
 
 maniple (man'i-pl), n. a kind of 
 scarf worn on the left arm by a 
 priest at mass ; a company in an 
 ancient Roman legion. 
 
 manipulate (ma-nip'u-lat), v.t. to 
 operate or work by means of the 
 hands ; treat ; control the action of, 
 by management ; falsify : v.i. to use 
 the hands, especially in scientific 
 operations, or mechanical processes. 
 
 manipulation (-la/shun), n. the act 
 or process of manipulating ; manual 
 dexterity ; falsification. 
 
 manipulative ('u-la-tiv), adj. per- 
 taining to, or performed by, manip- 
 ulation. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
man 
 
 manipulator ('u-la-ter), n. one who 
 manipulates. 
 
 manis (ma'nis), n. the scaly ant- 
 eater. 
 
 Manitou (man'i-too), n. the Great 
 Spirit of the North American In- 
 dians. 
 
 manliness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being manly. 
 
 manly ('li), adj. having the charac- 
 teristics of a man ; courageous ; 
 noble ; dignified ; resolute : adv. like 
 a man. 
 
 manna ('a), n. a name given by the 
 Israelites to the food miraculously 
 supplied in the wilderness (Ex. xvi. 
 15) ; the sweet laxative juice exuded 
 from certain species of ash of South- 
 ern Europe. 
 
 manner ( 'er ) , n. method ; mode of 
 action ; habit ; custom ; sort ; mien ; 
 aspect ; style ; fashion : pi. deport- 
 ment ; morals ; behavior. 
 
 mannerism (-izm), n. a peculiarity 
 of style, action, or bearing, especial- 
 ly if constrained or affected. 
 
 mannerist (-ist), n. one who carries 
 characteristic peculiarities to excess. 
 
 mannerly (-li), adj. polite; com- 
 plaisant ; respectful : adv. politely ; 
 respectfully. 
 
 mannish ('ish), adj. masculine. 
 
 manoeuvre (ma-noo'ver), see maneu- 
 ver. 
 
 man-of-war (man-of-wawr), n. [pi. 
 men-of-war], a large ship of war. 
 
 manometer (ma-nom'e-ter), n. an 
 instrument for determining the den- 
 sity of the air or other gas from its 
 elastic force. 
 
 manor (man'er), n. the district over 
 which a feudal lord held authority, 
 and subject to the jurisdiction of his 
 court-baron ; the land belonging to a 
 lord, or so much as he formerly re- 
 served for his own use ; a tract of 
 land occupied by tenants who pay a 
 fee-farm rent to the owner. 
 
 manorial (ma-no'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a manor. 
 
 mansard roof (man'sard roof), n. 
 a roof which has on all sides two 
 slopes, the lower being steeper than 
 the upper. 
 
 manse (mans), n. the residence of 
 
 a Presbyterian parochial minister 
 [Scotch]. 
 
 mansion (man'shun), n. a large 
 dwelling house. 
 
 manslaughter ('slaw-ter), n. the un- 
 lawful killing of a human being, but 
 without malice or premeditation. 
 
 mantel ('tel), n. a narrow ornamen- 
 tal slab above a fireplace. Also 
 mantelpiece. 
 
 mantelet (-et), n. a kind of movable 
 parapet for the protection of the 
 pioneers ; a small mantel ; a besieg- 
 ing party. Also mantlet. 
 
 mantilla (-til'a), n. a lady's light 
 cloak or hood. 
 
 mantle (man'tl), n. a loose cloak or 
 cape ; the external fold of the skin 
 of the body of mollusks ; a conical 
 net-work that becomes incandescent 
 when heated : used over a gas jet, 
 &c, to increase the brilliancy of the 
 light : v.t. to cover with, or as with, 
 a mantle ; conceal : v.i. expand or 
 spread out. 
 
 man tua- maker ('tii-a-ma'ker), n. a 
 dress-maker. 
 
 manual ('u-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or performed by, the hands : n. a 
 handy compendium ; the service book 
 of the Roman Catholic Church ; the 
 keyboard of an organ or harmonium. 
 
 manufactory (-fak'to-ri), n. [pi. 
 manufactories (-riz)], the place 
 where goods are manufactured. 
 
 manufacture ('tur), v.t. to make or 
 fabricate from raw materials ; pro- 
 duce artificially : v.i. to be occupied 
 in manufactures : n. the conversion 
 of raw materials into articles for 
 use ; the thing manufactured. 
 
 manufacturing (-ing), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or used in, manufacture. 
 
 manumission (-u-mish'un), n. the 
 act of liberating from slavery ; 
 emancipation. 
 
 manumit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 manumitted, p.pr. manumitting], to 
 set free from slavery. 
 
 manure (ma-nur'), n. any fertilizing 
 substance used for enriching the 
 soil : v.t. to enrich with fertilizing 
 substances. 
 
 manus (ma'nus), n. the hand. 
 
 manuscript (man'u-skript), adj. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
written : n. a book or paper written 
 by hand. 
 
 Manx (mangks), adj. pertaining to 
 the Isle of Man, to its inhabitants, 
 or to the old language of the island. 
 
 many (men'i), adj. [comp. more, 
 superl. most], numerous; consisting 
 of a great number : n. a great num- 
 ber ; multitude ; people. 
 
 Maori (ma'o-ri, or mou'ri), adj. per- 
 taining to the Maoris, or aborigines 
 of New Zealand, or to their lan- 
 guage. 
 
 map (map), n. a representation of 
 the earth or some portion of it on 
 a plane surface ; a representation 
 of the heavens : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. map- 
 ped, p.pr. mapping], to delineate or 
 lay down in a map ; describe clearly ; 
 sketch or plan. 
 
 maple (ma/pl), n. a tree of several 
 species of the genus Acer, from one 
 of which the rock-maple sugar is 
 extracted. 
 
 mar (mar), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. marred, 
 p.pr. marring] , to disfigure ; injure ; 
 damage : n. a blemish or disfigure- 
 ment ; injury. 
 
 marabou (mar'a-boo), n. a large Af- 
 rican stork, with handsome feath- 
 ers. 
 
 marabout (mar'a-boot), n. a Mo- 
 hammedan saint, who professes to 
 cure diseases by supernatural power. 
 
 marasmus (ma-raz'mus), n. atrophy. 
 
 maraud (-rawd'), v.i. to rove in 
 search of plunder. 
 
 marble (mar'bl), n. a hard lime- 
 stone of various colors capable of 
 taking a fine polish ; anything re- 
 sembling marble ; a small ball of 
 marble or stone : adj. made of, or 
 like, marble; cold; hard; unfeeling: 
 v.t. to stain or vein like marble. 
 
 March (march), n. the third month 
 of the year. 
 
 march (march), n. a regular, meas- 
 ured walk, especially of soldiers ; 
 steady onward movement ; a musical 
 composition for the accompaniment 
 of troops ; frontier ; borderland : v.t. 
 to cause to move in a regular meas- 
 ured walk, as troops : v.i. to move 
 with regular steps, or in military 
 form. 
 
 marchioness (mar'shun-es), n. the 
 wife or widow of a marquis. 
 
 marconigram (mar-ko'ni-gram), n. 
 a message sent by Marconi's system 
 of wireless telegraphy. 
 
 Mardi Gras (mar'de gra), n. Shrove 
 Tuesday, the last day of Carnival. 
 
 mare (mar), n. the female of the 
 horse. 
 
 mare's-nest (marz'nest), n. some 
 fancied discovery which proves to be 
 a hoax. 
 
 inare's-tail ('tal), n. an aquatic 
 plant of the genus Hippuris ; a cir- 
 rus cloud. 
 
 margarine (mar'ga-rin), n. artificial 
 butter. 
 
 margin ('jin), n. border; the part of 
 a page at the edge, not printed 
 upon ; reserved amount ; latitude : v.t. 
 to furnish with a margin; enter on 
 the margin of a page. 
 
 marginal (-al), adj. pertaining to, or 
 placed on, a margin. 
 
 marginalia (-ji-na'li-a), n.pl. mar- 
 ginal notes. 
 
 marginate ('jin-at), adj. having a 
 margin. Also marginated. 
 
 margosa (-go'sa), n. an East Indian 
 tree yielding a valuable oil and tonic 
 bark. 
 
 mar got ('got), n. a variety of perch. 
 
 margravate ('gra- vat), n. the do- 
 main or jurisdiction of a margrave. 
 
 margrave ('grav), n. a German title 
 of nobility. Fern, margravine. 
 
 marigold (mar'i-gold), n. a plant 
 with showy yellow flowers of various 
 genera. 
 
 marine (ma-ren'), adj. pertaining to, 
 living in, or formed by, the sea ; 
 naval ; near to the sea ; used at sea : 
 n. a soldier who serves on a war- 
 ship ; the navy of a nation; naval 
 affairs ; collective shipping of a 
 country. 
 
 mariner (mar'i-ner), n. a sailor. 
 
 marionette (mar-i-o-nef), n. a pup- 
 pet moved by strings.. 
 
 marital ('i-tal), adj. pertaining to 
 marriage. 
 
 maritime ('i-tlm), adj. pertaining to, 
 connected with, or bordering upon, 
 the sea ; naval. 
 
 marjoram (mar'j5-ram), n. a genus 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
of aromatic plants, containing the 
 sweet marjoram. 
 
 mark (mark), n. a visible sign by 
 which anything is known; impres- 
 sion ; evidence ; target ; a character 
 made as a substitute for writing ; 
 an old Scotch coin = 27% cents; a 
 current German coin and monetary 
 unit = 24^4 cents ; a former Euro- 
 pean unit of weight = about 8 
 ounces : v.t. to make a mark upon ; 
 notify by, or as by, a sign ; distin- 
 guish ; take notice of ; single out : 
 v.i. to observe critically ; take note. 
 
 markedly ('ed-li), adv. distinctly; 
 publicly. 
 
 marker ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, marks ; a counter in card- 
 playing ; one who registers the score 
 at billiards. 
 
 market (mar'ket), n. a public place 
 for the sale or purchase of commodi- 
 ties ; market place ; rate or price : 
 v.i. to deal in a market ; buy or sell. 
 
 marking ('ing) , adj. having the qual- 
 ity to produce a mark : n. the mark 
 made ; arrangement of marks or col- 
 oring. 
 
 marksman (marks'man), n. [pi. 
 marksmen ('men)], one skilful in 
 shooting. 
 
 marl (marl), n. calcareous earth min- 
 gled with clay and carbonate of lime : 
 used as a manure : v.t. to manure 
 with marl ; to wind with marlines. 
 
 marline (mar'lin), n. a two-stranded 
 cord used for winding round ropes, 
 splicing, &c. 
 
 marline-spike (-spik), n. a pointed 
 piece of iron used for opening the 
 strands of a rope in splicing. Also 
 marling-spike. 
 
 marling ('ling), n. the act of winding 
 with marlines. 
 
 marly ('li), adj. containing, or like, 
 marl. 
 
 marmalade ('ma-lad), n. a confec- 
 tion made of oranges or other fruit. 
 
 marmose ('mos), n. a species of small 
 opossum. 
 
 marmoset ('mo-zet), n. a species 
 of small American monkey. 
 
 marmot ('mot), n. the Alpine rat; 
 prairie dog. 
 
 maroon (ma-roon'), n. formerly a fu- 
 gitive slave in the West Indies ; one 
 
 who is marooned : v.t . to place and 
 abandon on a desert island : adj. of a 
 brownish-crimson color. 
 
 marplot (mar'plot), n. one who frus 
 trates some plan by his officious in- 
 terference. 
 
 marqne (mark), n. a license granted 
 by a state to a private vessel to 
 make reprisals at sea on the ships of 
 another nation. 
 
 marquetry ('ket-ri), n. inlaid work. 
 
 marquis ('kwis), n. a nobleman rank- 
 ing next below a duke. Also mar- 
 quess. Feminine marchioness. 
 
 marquis ate (-at), n. the seigniory, 
 dignity, or lordship of a marquis. 
 
 marriage (mar'aj), n. the act of le- 
 gally uniting a man and woman in 
 wedlock ; marriage ceremony. 
 
 marriageability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state of being marriageable. 
 
 marriageable ('aj-a-bl), adj. fit, or 
 of an age, to be married. 
 
 married ('id), p.adj. united in wed- 
 lock ; conjugal. 
 
 marrow ('o), n. the medulla or oily 
 tissue which fills the cavities of 
 bones ; the essence of anything ; a 
 vegetable marrow. 
 
 marrow-bone (-bon), n. a bone con- 
 taining marrow : pi. the knees. 
 
 marrow-fat (-fat), n. a late variety 
 of pea. 
 
 marry ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. married, 
 p.pr. marrying], to unite as husband 
 and wife ; wed : v.i. to enter into the 
 state of wedlock: inter j. By Mary! 
 forsooth ! 
 
 Mars (marz), n. one of the planets: 
 from the Roman god of war. 
 
 Marseillaise (mar-se-lya'), adj. per- 
 taining to Marseilles or to its in- 
 habitants : n. national anthem of the 
 first French Revolution : composed 
 by Rouget de l'Isle, 1792. 
 
 marseilles (-salz'), n. a double cloth 
 fabric, quilted in the loom. 
 
 marsh (marsh), n. a swampy tract of 
 land. 
 
 marshal (mar'shal), n. an official of 
 high rank who superintends and 
 regulates state ceremonials ; a pur- 
 suivant ; in the French army, the 
 highest military officer ; a sheriff : 
 v.t. to arange or dispose in order. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
marshiness ('shi-nes), n. the state of 
 being marshy. 
 
 marshy ('shi), adj. swampy; grow- 
 ing in marshes. 
 
 marsupial (-su'pi-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the Marsupialia : n. one of the 
 Marsupialia. 
 
 Marsupialia (-pi-a/li-a), n.pl. a sub- 
 class of mammals that carry their 
 young in a marsupium or external 
 pouch, as the opossum and kangaroo. 
 
 mart (mart), n. a market; purchase 
 and sale. 
 
 martagon ('ta-gon), n. a variety of 
 lily with purple-red flowers ; the 
 Turk's cap. 
 
 marten ('ten), n. a small carnivorous 
 animal of the weasel kind. 
 
 martial ('shal), adj. pertaining to, 
 or adapted for, war ; military. 
 
 martial law (law), n. sl code of reg- 
 ulations enforced by the military 
 power and applicable to civilians in 
 time of war, insurrection, &c. 
 
 martially ('li), adv. in a martial 
 manner. 
 
 martin ('tin), n. one of several spe- 
 cies of birds allied to the swallow. 
 
 martinet (-et), n. a strict disciplin- 
 arian : pi. small lines fastened to the 
 leech of a sail. 
 
 martingale (-gal), n. a broad strap 
 passing from the nose-band to the 
 girth of a horse, between its fore 
 legs, to keep its head down ; a lower 
 stay for the jib-boom or flying jib- 
 boom. 
 
 martyr ('ter), n. one who testifies by 
 his death to his faith or principles ; 
 one who suffers acutely : v.t. to put 
 to death for adherence to some be- 
 lief, especially Christianity; perse- 
 cute ; torture ; destroy. 
 
 martyrdom (-dum), n. the death or 
 sufferings of a martyr. 
 
 martyrologist (-ol'o-jist), n. a writ- 
 er of martyrology. 
 
 martyrology (-ol'o-ji), n. a register 
 or history of martyrs. 
 
 marvel ('vel), n. something extraor- 
 dinary and astonishing ; a prodigy : 
 v.i. to be struck with astonishment ; 
 wonder. 
 
 marvelous (-us), adj. exciting won- 
 der ; incredible. 
 
 mascle (mas'kl), n. a lozenge-shaped 
 scale of a coat of armor ; in her- 
 aldry, a lozenge perforated. 
 
 mascot ('kot), n. a person or thing 
 that brings good fortune. Feminine 
 mascotte [French]. 
 
 masculine ('ku-lin), adj. pertaining 
 to, having the qualities of, or suita- 
 ble for, a man ; manly ; powerful ; 
 robust ; coarse ; noting the male gen- 
 der in grammar. 
 
 mash (mash), n. a soft or pulpy 
 mass ; a mixture of bran and water 
 for horses ; bruised malt, &c, steeped 
 in hot water for making wort : v.t. 
 to mix with hot water (as malt) 
 in brewing ; convert into a mash or 
 soft pulpy state ; to inspire love in. 
 
 masher ('er), n. one who imperti- 
 nently endeavors to make himself 
 attractive to, or engage the attention 
 of, women. 
 
 mask (mask), n. a cover or partial 
 cover to conceal the face ; pretext or 
 subterfuge ; a masquerade : v.t. to 
 conceal with, or as with, a mask; 
 cover or hold in check : v.i. to take 
 part in a masquerade ; be disguised. 
 
 mason (ma'sn) , n. a builder in stone ; 
 a Freemason. 
 
 Masonic (-son'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 Freemasons or to their craft. 
 
 masonry ('sn-ri), n. the art or occu- 
 pation of a mason ; materials used 
 by masons ; Freemasonry. 
 
 masque (mask), n. a masquerade. 
 
 masquerade (mas-ker'ad), n. a ball 
 or festive gathering where masks are 
 worn ; a disguise : v.t. to cover with 
 a mask or disguise : v.i. to take part 
 in a masquerade. 
 
 mass (mas), n. a large quantity; 
 lump ; body of things collectively ; 
 the celebration of the Eucharist in 
 the Roman Catholic Church ; a mu- 
 sical setting for certain parts of such 
 a celebration : pi. common people 
 (with the) : v.t. & v.i. to collect into 
 a mass or body. 
 
 massacre ('a-ker), n. indiscriminate 
 slaughter with unnecessary cruelty : 
 v.t. to slaughter indiscriminately 
 with unnecessary cruelty. 
 
 massage ('aj or ma-sazh'), n. a meth- 
 od of medical treatment by rubbing 
 or kneading the body. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
mat 
 
 masseter ('e-ter), n. the short thick 
 muscle that raises the lower jaw. 
 
 masseur (ma-ser'), n. one who per- 
 forms the operation of massage. 
 Feminine masseuse [French]. 
 
 massicot (mas'i-kot), n. yellow oxide 
 of lead. 
 
 massive ('iv), adj. weighty; heavy; 
 bulky ; imperfectly and irregularly 
 crystallized. 
 
 massively (-li), adv. in a mass. 
 
 massiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being massive. 
 
 massy ('i), adj. massive. 
 
 mast (mast), n. a long round piece of 
 timber or iron tube, either entire, or 
 formed of parts, raised vertically on 
 the keel of a vessel to support the 
 sails ; .the fruit of the oak and the 
 beech. 
 
 masted ('ed), adj. furnished with a 
 mast. 
 
 masthead ('hed), n. the top part of 
 a mast : v.t. to send to the masthead 
 as a nautical punishment. 
 
 master ('er), n. one who rules or 
 commands others ; director ; em- 
 ployer ; owner ; head of a household, 
 college, school, &c. ; an expert ; com- 
 mander of a merchant-vessel ; a uni- 
 versity degree ; appellation given to 
 boys ; a legal title : adj. pertaining 
 to a master ; chief : v.t. to subdue or 
 overcome : v.i. excel. 
 
 mastery (-i), n. dominion; preemi- 
 nence ; eminent skill. 
 
 mastic (mas'tik), n. a resin obtained 
 from the mastic tree : used as a var- 
 nish. 
 
 masticable ('ti-ka-bl), adj. capable 
 of being masticated. 
 
 masticate ('ti-kat), v.t. to grind 
 with the teeth ; chew. 
 
 mastication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of masticating ; chewing. 
 
 masticator ('ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, masticates ; a machine 
 for mincing meat or cutting leather, 
 &c, into small pieces. 
 
 masticatory ('i-ka-to-ri), adj. adapt- 
 ed for chewing 
 
 mastiff (mas'tif), n. a large variety 
 of dog. 
 
 mastodon (mas'to-don), n. an extinct 
 genus of mammals, allied to the ele- 
 phant. 
 
 mastoid ('toid), adj. breast-like. 
 
 masturbation (-ter-ba'shun), n. self- 
 pollution. 
 
 mat (mat), n. a texture of various 
 fibrous materials, used for cleansing 
 the feet, &c. ; a web of rope-yard ; 
 an ornamental article on which to 
 place things at table : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. matted, p.pr. matting], to cover 
 with mats ; entangle or interweave. 
 
 matador (ma-ta-dor'), n. the man 
 who kills the bull in a bull-fight ; one 
 of the three principal cards at omber 
 and quadrille. Also madadore. 
 
 match ( mach ) , n. anything that read- 
 ily ignites ; a lucif er ; anything which 
 agrees with or suits another thing; 
 an equal ; game or contest ; mar- 
 riage ; one to be gained in marriage : 
 v.t. to be equal to ; set against or 
 oppose as an equal : v.i. to agree 
 with. 
 
 matchboard ('bord), n. a thin plank 
 used for wainscoting, &c. 
 
 matchlock ('lok), n. an old kind of 
 musket. 
 
 matchmaker ('mak-er), n. one who 
 seeks to arrange marriages. 
 
 mate (mat), n. a companion or asso- 
 ciate ; an equal ; the male and female 
 of animals associated for propaga- 
 tion ; an officer in the merchant serv- 
 ice ranking below the captain; 
 checkmate : v.t. to match ; be equal 
 to ; marry. 
 
 mate (ma'ta), n. a tea made of the 
 dried leaves of Brazilian holly : used 
 largely in South America. 
 
 matelote (mat'e-lot), n. a dish com- 
 posed of various kinds of fish. 
 
 mater (ma'ter), n. (Latin a mother) 
 one of the two membranes (dura 
 mater, pia mater) covering the 
 brain. 
 
 materfamilias (-fa-mil'i-as), n. the 
 mistress of a family or household. 
 
 materia medica (ma-te'ri-a med'i- 
 ka), a name for the various sub- 
 stances employed in medicine. 
 
 material ('ri-al), adj. consisting of 
 matter ; not spiritual ; corporeal ; 
 essential : n. the substance of which 
 anything is made. 
 
 materialism (-izm), n. the doctrine 
 that all spiritual phenomena are the 
 result of organized matter. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; bS5n, 
 D. 34. book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
mat 
 
 mat 
 
 materialize (-Iz), v.t. to invest with 
 material characteristics. 
 
 materialist (-ist), n. one who holds 
 the doctrine of materialism. 
 
 materialistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to materialism. 
 
 materiality (-al'i-ti), n. material ex- 
 istence. 
 
 materially ('i-al-li), adv. essentially. 
 
 materiel (-ta-re-al'), n. the baggage, 
 munitions, provisions of an army, 
 &c. 
 
 maternal (-ter'nal), adj. motherly. 
 
 maternally (-11), adv. like a mother. 
 
 maternity ('ni-ti), n. the character 
 or relationship of a mother. 
 
 math (math), n. a mowing. 
 
 mathematical (-e-mat'ik-al), adj. 
 pertaining to, or performed by, 
 mathematics ; theoretically precise. 
 Also mathematics. 
 
 mathematically (-li), adv. by math- 
 ematics. 
 
 mathematician (-ma-tish'an), n. one 
 who is skilled in mathematics. 
 
 mathematics (-mat'iks), n. the sci- 
 ence of number and space. 
 
 matico (ma-te'ko), n. a Peruvian 
 plant, whose leaves are used as a 
 powerful styptic. 
 
 matin (mat'in) , adj. pertaining to the 
 morning or to matins : n.pl. morning 
 prayer ; in the Roman •Catholic 
 Church the first canonical hour. 
 
 matinee (-i-na' or ma-te-na'), n. a 
 reception or musical or dramatic per- 
 formance held in the daytime. 
 
 matricidal ( mat'ri-si-dal ) , adj. per- 
 taining to matricide. 
 
 matricide ('ri-sid), n. the murder of 
 a mother by a son or daughter ; one 
 who murders one's mother. 
 
 matriculate (ma-trik'u-lat), v.t. to 
 admit to the membership of a college 
 or university by entering one's name 
 in a register : v.i. to be admitted as 
 a member or student of a college, &c. 
 
 matriculation (-la'shun), n. the act 
 of registering and admitting as a 
 matriculated student. 
 
 matrimonial (mat-ri-m5'ni-al), adj. 
 pertaining to marriage ; nuptial ; 
 connubial. 
 
 matrimonially (-li), adv. in a mat- 
 rimonial relation. 
 
 matrimony ('ri-mo-ni), n. marriage. 
 
 matrix (ma'triks), n. [pi. matrices 
 (mat'ri-sez) ], the womb; the cavity 
 in which anything is formed or cast ; 
 a mold ; the rock in which a fossil or 
 mineral is embedded ; the five col- 
 ors (black, white, blue, red, yellow) 
 from which all others are formed in 
 dyeing. 
 
 matron (ma'tron),, n. a married 
 woman, especially one who has 
 borne children ; the lady superin- 
 tendent of a hospital or institution. 
 
 matronage (-aj), n. matrons collec- 
 tively. 
 
 matronal ('tron-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or suitable for, a matron. 
 
 matronly (-li), adv. matron-like; el- 
 derly ; sedately. 
 
 matronymic (mat-ro-nim'ik), n. a 
 man's or woman's name derived from 
 that of a mother. 
 
 matte (mat), n. metal imperfectly 
 reduced. 
 
 matted ('ed), adj. covered with a 
 mat ; closely tangled together. 
 
 matter ('er), n. that which occupies 
 space, and is perceptible by the 
 senses ; body ; substance ; thing of 
 importance ; business ; event ; indefi- 
 nite amount ; pus ; set-up type : v.i. 
 to signify ; be of importance. 
 
 matties ('iz), n.pl. Scotch herrings 
 of moderate size with small milts 
 and roes. 
 
 matting ('ing), n. mats collectively; 
 material for mats ; ornamental mat- 
 work. 
 
 mattock ('ok), n. a pickaxe having 
 one of its ends flat. 
 
 mattress ('res), n. a quilted hair- or 
 straw-stuffed bed; a spring mat- 
 tress ; a mat made of trees or shrubs. 
 
 maturation (-u-ra'shun), n. the pro- 
 cess of ripening or coming to ma- 
 turity. 
 
 mature (ma-tur), adj. [comparative 
 maturer, superlative maturest], ripe ; 
 full-grown ; ready for application or 
 use: v.t. to bring or hasten to ma- 
 turity : v.i. to become ripe. 
 
 maturely (-li), adv. in a mature 
 manner. 
 
 maturity ('i-ti), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being mature; ripeness; full 
 development. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
in at 
 
 matutinal ( m&-tu'ti-nal ) , adj. per- 
 taining to the morning ; early. 
 
 maud (mawd), n. a grey-striped 
 Scotch plaid. 
 
 maudlin ('lin), adj. easily moved to 
 tears ; weakly and foolishly senti- 
 mental. 
 
 maugre (maw'ger), prep, in spite of. 
 
 maul ( mawl ) , n. a large wooden ham- 
 mer : v.t. to wound or bruise in a 
 rough manner. 
 
 maul-stick, same as mahl-stick. 
 
 mausoleum (maw-so-le'um), n. a 
 stately tomb or monument, especial- 
 ly that of Mausolus, King of Caria, 
 erected by his widow Artemisia. 
 
 mauve (mov), n. a soft lilac or pur- 
 ple color._ 
 
 mavis (ma'vis), n. the song-thrush. _ 
 
 maw (maw), n. the stomach of ani- 
 mals ; the craw of a bird. 
 
 mawkish (mawk'ish) , adj. loathsome ; 
 affectedly sentimental. 
 
 maxilla (maks'il-a), n. [pi. maxillse 
 -e)L the upper jawbone. 
 
 maxillary ('il-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to the jaw or jawbone. 
 
 maxilliform ('i-f6rm), adj. shaped 
 like the cheek or jawbone. 
 
 maxim ('im), n. an established prin- 
 ciple or truth ; proverb ; aphorism. 
 
 maximum ('i-mum), n. the greatest 
 number, quantity, or degree, attain- 
 able. 
 
 May (ma), n. the fifth month of the 
 year. 
 
 may, n. the English hawthorn. 
 
 may, v. auoj. [p.t. might (-mlt)], to 
 be able ; be allowed. 
 
 mayor (ma'er), n. the chief magis- 
 trate of a city or borough. Feminine 
 mayoress. 
 
 mayoralty (-al-ti), n. the office, or 
 term of office, of a mayor. 
 
 Maypole ('pol), n. a pole around 
 which May festivities are held. 
 
 maze (maz), n. bewilderment; a laby- 
 rinth : v.t. to bewilder. 
 
 mazily ('i-li), adv. in a mazy manner. 
 
 mazurka (ma-zer'ka), n. a lively 
 Polish dance ; music set to such a 
 dance. Also mazourka. 
 
 mazy (maz'i), adj. intricate; bewil- 
 dering; winding. 
 
 mead (med), n. a fermented liquor of 
 
 honey, water, and spices ; a meadow 
 [Poet.]. 
 
 meadow (med'o), n. sl tract of rich 
 pasture land ; land yielding hay ; low 
 grass land by the banks of rivers. 
 
 meadowy (-i), adj. containing mead- 
 ows. 
 
 meager (me'ger), adj. thin; scanty; 
 poor ; barren ; lean ; weak. 
 
 meagerly (-li), adv. thinly; poorly. 
 
 meal ( mel ) , n. edible ground grain ; a 
 repast. 
 
 mealy ('i), adj. consisting of, sprin- 
 kled with, or having the qualities of, 
 meal. 
 
 mealy-mouthed (-mou£M), adj. us- 
 ing soft words ; unwilling to tell the 
 truth in plain words. 
 
 mean (men), adj. [comparative mean- 
 er, superlative meanest], wanting in 
 dignity or honor ; vulgar ; inferior ; 
 insignificant; humble; sordid; 
 stingy ; middle ; not excessive : n. the 
 middle point, quantity, value, or de- 
 gree ; average : pi. resources ; prop- 
 erty : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. meant, p.pr. 
 meaning], to have in the mind or 
 intention ; signify : v.t. to have an 
 intention. 
 
 meander (me-an'der), v.t. to wind or 
 flow round : v.t. to have a winding 
 course ; be intricate. 
 
 meaning (men'ing), n. intention; 
 sense. 
 
 meant, p.t. & p.p. of mean. 
 
 meantime ('tlm), adv. in the inter- 
 vening time. Also meanwhile. 
 
 measles (me'zlz), n. an infectious 
 disease characterized by fever and 
 small red spots on the skin ; a dis- 
 ease of swine and of trees. 
 
 measurable ( mezh'er-a-bl ) , adj. ca- 
 pable of being measured. 
 
 measurably (-a-bli), adv. in a meas- 
 urable manner ; in a limited degree. 
 
 measure ('er), n. the standard by 
 which the volume or extent of any- 
 thing is compared ; extent or dimen- 
 sions of a thing ; proportion ; a di- 
 visor leaving no remainder ; an in- 
 strument for measuring; musical 
 time ; meter ; law or statute : pi. 
 strata or beds : v.t. to ascertain the 
 extent, size, or volume of ; mark out ; 
 estimate ; allot ; determine by rule 
 
 ate, arm", ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
med 
 
 or standard : v.i. to take measure- 
 ments ; be equal or uniform. 
 
 measured ('erd), adj. determined by 
 a standard : uniform ; steady ; mod- 
 erated. 
 
 measurement ('er-ment), n. the act 
 of measuring; quantity ascertained 
 by measuring ; size ; area ; capacity. 
 
 meat (met), n. animal food. 
 
 mechanic (me-kan'ik), n. a skilled 
 workman : pi. the science of the laws 
 of matter and motion, especially the 
 science of machinery. 
 
 mechanical (-al), adj. pertaining to 
 the principles of mechanics ; pertain- 
 ing to, or produced by, machines or 
 machinery ; done automatically, as 
 from force of habit. 
 
 mechanically (-li), adv. in a me- 
 chanical manner. 
 
 mechanical powers (pow'erz), n.pl. 
 powers obtained by the application 
 of a small force, viz., the lever, in- 
 clined plane, wheel and axle, screw, 
 pulley, and wedge. 
 
 mechanician (mek-a-nish'an) , n. one 
 skilled in mechanics or machinery. 
 
 mechanism ('a-nizm), n. parts of a 
 machine ; mechanical construction. 
 
 medal (med'al), n. a corn-shaped 
 piece of metal impressed with a de- 
 vice or inscription to commemorate 
 some event, distinguished person, &c. 
 
 medallic (me-dal'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to medals. 
 
 medallion ('yun), n. a large antique 
 medal ; a round or oval tablet with 
 figures in bas-relief. 
 
 medallist (med'al-ist), n. an engrav- 
 er of medals ; one who has gained a 
 medal as a reward or prize. 
 
 meddle (med'l), v.i. to interpose or 
 interfere officiously. 
 
 meddler ('ler), n. an officious per- 
 son ; busybody. 
 
 meddlesome ('1-sum), adj. officiously 
 intrusive. 
 
 mediaeval, same as medieval. 
 
 median (me'di-an), adj. pertaining 
 to, or connected with, the middle of 
 anything. 
 
 mediate (-at), v.i. to interpose as a 
 mutual friend between parties to ef- 
 fect a reconciliation. 
 
 mediation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
 mediating ; reconciliation. 
 
 mediator ('di-a-ter), ». one who 
 mediates ; an intercessor. 
 
 mediatorial (-a-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
 taining to a mediator or mediation; 
 intercessory. Also mediatory. 
 
 mediatorially (-li), adj. by media- 
 tion. 
 
 medical (med'i-kal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or connected with, medicine. 
 
 medically (-li), adv. according to 
 medical rules. 
 
 medicament ('i-ka-ment), n. a medi- 
 cine or healing application. 
 
 medicate ('i-kat), v.t. to impregnate 
 or tincture with anything medicinal. 
 
 medicinal (me-dis'i-nal), adj. having 
 the properties of, or used in, medi- 
 cine. 
 
 medicinally (-al-li), adv. medically. 
 
 medicine (med'i-sin), n. the science 
 which relates to the treatment and 
 alleviation of disease ; a specific for 
 the cure of disease. 
 
 medicine-man (-man), n. among 
 certain tribes, as the Nort i Ameri- 
 can Indians, a conjurer who pro- 
 fesses to drive away evil spirits or 
 disease by magical arts. 
 
 medieval (me-di-e'val), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or characteristic of, the Mid- 
 dle Ages (8th-15th centuries A.D.). 
 Also mediaeval. 
 
 medievalism (-izm), n. the spirit, 
 especially in religion and art, char- 
 acteristic of the Middle Ages. 
 
 mediocre (me'di-o-ker), adj. of me- 
 dium excellence ; ordinary. 
 
 mediocrity (-ok'ri-ti), n. of moder- 
 ate degree ; a person of ordinary 
 abilities. 
 
 meditate (med'i-tat), v.i. to muse or 
 ponder ; think abstractedly : v.t. to 
 think upon ; design ; purpose. 
 
 meditation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
 meditating ; deep thought. 
 
 meditative ('i-ta-tiv), adj. disposed 
 to meditation. 
 
 meditatively (-li), adv. with medi- 
 tation. 
 
 meditativeness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being meditative. 
 
 medium (me'di-um), n. [pi. media, 
 mediums (-a, -umz)], a mean; any- 
 thing intervening; agency; space or 
 substance in which bodies exist or 
 move ; a size of paper 24 X 19 inches : 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon* 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
med 
 
 Mel 
 
 middle term of a syllogism ; a per- 
 son through whom communications 
 from the spirit world are conveyed ; 
 the liquid vehicle with which dry pig- 
 ments are ground. 
 
 medley ('li), n. mixture or confused 
 mass of different ingredients. 
 
 medulla (me-dul'a), n. the marrow 
 of bones ; pith of plants. 
 
 medullary ('a-ri), adj. pertaining to, 
 consisting of, or like, marrow or 
 medulla. 
 
 medullin (-dul'in), n. a variety of 
 cellulose found in the pith of certain 
 plants. 
 
 Medusa (me-du'sa), n. [pi. medusae 
 Cse) ], in classical mythology, one of 
 the three Gorgons whose fine hair 
 was changed into snakes, and whose 
 glance changed into stone all who 
 looked on her. 
 
 medusa, n. the sea-nettle or jelly-fish. 
 
 meed (med), n. recompense; reward. 
 
 meek (mek), adj. [comparative meek- 
 er, superlative meekest], gentle; sub- 
 missive ; yielding ; mild of temper ; 
 humble ; patient. 
 
 meer (mer), n. a boundary or divi- 
 sion. Also mere. 
 
 meerschaum ('shum), n. a claylike 
 silicate of magnesia from which pipe- 
 bowls are made ; a pipe of this ma- 
 terial. 
 
 meet (met), v.*. [p.t. & p.p. met, p.pr. 
 meeting], to come up to from a dif- 
 ferent direction ; confront ; encoun- 
 ter ; receive : v.i. to assemble ; be 
 united : n. a meeting of huntsmen ; 
 the place of meeting : adj. fit ; suit- 
 able ; appropriate. 
 
 meeting ('ing), n. an assembly; 
 junction ; a congregation. 
 
 meg, a prefix meaning great, power- 
 ful. Also mega, megalo, as mega- 
 cephalous : adj. having a large head. 
 
 megafog (me'ga-fog), n. a fog-sig- 
 nalling device. 
 
 megohm ( 'om ) , n. 1,000,000 ohms : a 
 measure of electrical resistance. 
 
 megrim, (me'grim), n. a sick or neu- 
 ralgic headache, usually on one side 
 of the head : pi. vertigo in a horse. 
 
 melancholia (mel-an-ko'li-a), n. a 
 form of insanity characterized by 
 great depression of spirits. 
 
 melancholic (-kol'ik), adj. affected 
 with melancholy ; depressed in spir- 
 its ; dejected. 
 
 melancholy ('an-kol-i), n. great de- 
 pression of spirits ; melancholia : adj. 
 depressed in spirits ; hypochondriac. 
 
 melange (ma-langzh'), n. a confused 
 mixture; medley [French]. 
 
 melanin (mel'a-nin), n. the black 
 pigment cells of the eye and skin. 
 
 melanite ('an-It), n. a black variety 
 of garnet. 
 
 melanism ('an-izm), n. excess of the 
 coloring pigment in the skin. 
 
 melee (ma-la.'), n. a hand-to-hand 
 conflict ; scuffle ; affray. 
 
 melinite (mel'in-It), n. a powerful 
 explosive. 
 
 melilot ('i-lot), n. a species of sweet- 
 scented trefoil or_ clover. 
 
 meliorate (mel'yo-rat), v.t. to im- 
 prove or make better. 
 
 melioration (-ra'shun), n. improve- 
 ment. 
 
 mellifluent (mel-if'flu-ent), adj. 
 smooth ; sweetly flowing. Also mel- 
 lifluous. 
 
 melligenous (-ij'e-nus), adj. having 
 the qualities of, or producing, honey. 
 
 mellow ('o), adj. fully ripe ; not hard, 
 harsh, or rigid ; half tipsy. 
 
 mellowy (-i), adj. soft; unctuous; 
 loamy. 
 
 melodeon (me-lo'de-on), n. a small 
 reed organ ; a music hall. 
 
 melodious ( 'di-us ) , adj. full of, or 
 produced by, melody ; musical. 
 
 melodist ('dist), n. a composer of 
 melodies. 
 
 melodize ('dlz), v>t. to make melo- 
 dious : v.i. compose melodies. 
 
 melodrama (mel-o-dra'ma.), n. a play 
 characterized by highly sensational 
 or romantic incidents. 
 
 melodramatic (-dra-mat'ik), adj. 
 pertaining to melodrama ; highly 
 sensational. 
 
 melody ('o-di), n. [pi. melodies 
 (-diz) ], the arrangement of different 
 musical sounds for a single voice or 
 instrument ; tune. 
 
 melon ( 'un ) , n. a plant of the cucum- 
 ber family with its edible fruit. 
 
 melotype ('o-tip), n. a method of 
 producing photographs so that their 
 development may be deferred. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
mel 
 
 melt (melt), v.t. & v.i. to change from 
 a solid to a liquid state ; dissolve ; 
 soften to love and tenderness. 
 
 melton ('un), n. a kind of thick 
 broadcloth with an unfinished sur- 
 face. 
 
 member (mem'ber), n. a limb or or- 
 gan , essential part of anything ; one 
 of an association or community. 
 
 membrane ('bran), n. a thin fold or 
 layer of itssue forming the covering 
 of some part or organ. 
 
 membranous ('bra-nus), adj. per- 
 taining to, consisting of, or like, 
 membranes. 
 
 memento (me-men'to), n. [pi. me- 
 mentos ('toz)], a souvenir; memo- 
 rial. 
 
 memoir (mem 'war), n. a history 
 written from personal experience 
 and knowledge ; a biography : pi. a 
 record of investigations on ,a sub- 
 ject ; transactions or journal of a 
 learned or scientific society. 
 
 memorabilia ( -o-ra-bil 'i-a ) , n.p I. 
 things worthy of remembrance or 
 record. 
 
 memorable ('or-a-bl), adj. worthy of 
 remembrance ; remarkable ; notable. 
 
 memorably (-a-bli), adj. so as to be 
 remembered. 
 
 memorandum (-5-ranMum), n. [pi. 
 memoranda (Ma)], a note to assist 
 the memory ; brief record of some- 
 thing to be remembered; summary 
 or outline. 
 
 memorial (me-mo'ri-al), adj. com- 
 memorative ; preservative of, or con- 
 tained in, the memory : n. an in- 
 formal diplomatic paper ; a written 
 representation of facts addressed to 
 the government, a public body, &c. 
 
 memorialize (-iz), v.t. to petition by 
 means of a memorial. 
 
 memorialist (-ist), n. one who pre- 
 pares, signs, or presents, a memorial. 
 
 memoriter (-mor'i-ter), adv. from 
 memory. 
 
 memory (mem'o-ri), n. [pi. memories 
 (-riz)], that faculty of the mind by 
 which it retains the knowledge of 
 previous occurrences, facts, thoughts, 
 &c, and recalls them. 
 
 menace (men'as), n. a threat: v.t. to 
 threaten. 
 
 men 
 
 menacingly ( 'a-sing-li ) , adv. in a 
 threatening manner. 
 
 menagerie (-azh'er-i or -aj'e-ri), n. 
 a place where wild animals are 
 kept; a collection of wild animals 
 for exhibition. 
 
 mend (mend), v.i. to repair (that 
 which is broken or worn) ; make 
 good or better ; reform ; increase : 
 v.i. to grow better ; improve. 
 
 mendacious ( men-da'shus ) , adj. given 
 to falsehood ; lying ; false. 
 
 mendacity (-das'i-ti), n. [pi. men- 
 dacities (-tiz)], falsehood; habitual 
 lying. 
 
 mendicancy (Mi-kan-si), n. the state 
 of being a beggar ; begging. Also 
 mendicity. 
 
 mendicant (-kant), adj. practicing 
 begging; reduced to beggary: n. a 
 beggar ; a begging friar. 
 
 menhaden (-haMn), n. an American 
 fish allied to the herring, yielding a 
 valuable oil. 
 
 menial (me'ni-al), adj. pertaining to 
 a retinue of servants ; pertaining to, 
 or suitable for, servants ; mean ; 
 servile : n. a domestic servant ; one 
 who performs servile work. 
 
 menilite (men'i-lit), n. a variety of 
 opal. 
 
 meninges (me-nin'jez), n.pl. the 
 three membranes that envelop the 
 brain and the spinal cord. 
 
 meningitis (men-in-ji'tis), n. inflam- 
 mation of the meninges. 
 
 meniscus (me-nis'kus) , n. [pi. menisci 
 ('si), meniscuses ('kus-ez)], a cres- 
 cent ; a lens convex on one side and 
 concave on the other. 
 
 menses (men'sez), n.pl. the catame- 
 nial discharge. Also menstruation. 
 
 menstrual ('stroo-al), adj. occurring 
 monthly. 
 
 menstruum (-um), n. a solvent. 
 
 mensurable ( 'shu-ra-bl ) , adj. meas- 
 urable. 
 
 mensuration (-ra'shun), n. the act 
 or process of taking the measure or 
 dimensions of anything; measure- 
 ment. 
 
 mental ('tal), adj. pertaining to the 
 mind ; intellectual. 
 
 mentally (-li), adv. in the mind; in 
 thought or idea ; intellectually. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
men 
 
 ier 
 
 menthol ('thol), n. a crystalline sub- 
 stance resembling camphor : used as 
 ar counter-irritant. 
 
 menthyl ('thil), n. the base of men- 
 thol. 
 
 mention ('shun), n. a brief notice; 
 casual remark ; hint : v.t. to speak 
 briefly of ; notice casually ; name. 
 
 mentor ('ter), n. a wise and faithful 
 counselor : from Mentor, the friend 
 and tutor of Ulysses. 
 
 menu (-do'), n. a bill of fare. 
 
 Mephistop helian ( mef-is-to-f e'li- 
 an), adj. pertaining to, or like, 
 Mephistopheles : hence, scoffing, re- 
 lentless, and cynical. 
 
 mepliitic (me-fit'ik), adj. poisonous; 
 noxious ; offensive to the smell. Also 
 mephitical. 
 
 mercantile (mer'kan-til), adj. com- 
 mercial. 
 
 mercenarily ('se-na-ri-li), adv. in a 
 mercenary manner. 
 
 mercenary ('se-na-ri), n. [pi. mer- 
 cenaries (-riz)], a soldier hired into 
 foreign service ; one who serves for 
 pay : adj. serving for pay or re- 
 ward ; venal ; sordid. 
 
 mercer ('ser), n. a dealer in textile 
 fabrics. 
 
 mercery (-i), n. the commodities in 
 which a mercer deals. 
 
 merchandise ('chan-diz), n. goods, 
 wares, or commodities, bought and 
 sold. 
 
 merchant ('chant), n. one who traf- 
 fics or carries on trade on a large 
 scale, especially with foreign coun- 
 tries ; a shopkeeper : adj. pertaining 
 to, or employed in, trade ; mercantile. 
 
 merchantman (-man), n. [pi. mer- 
 chantmen (-men)], a trading vessel. 
 
 merciful ('si-fool), adj. full of, or 
 exercising, mercy ; tender-hearted ; 
 compassionate. 
 
 mercifully (-li), adv. with mercy or 
 compassion. 
 
 merciless (-les), adj. destitute of 
 mercy ; unfeeling ; cruel. 
 
 mercurial ( -ku'ri-al ) , adj. active ; 
 volatile ; fickle ; pertaining to, made 
 of, or caused by, mercury. 
 
 Mercury ( 'ku-ri ) , n. one of the plan- 
 ets ; from Mercury, the messenger of 
 the gods. 
 
 mercury, n. quicksilver. 
 
 mercy ('si), n. [pi. mercies ('siz)], 
 the disposition to forgive, spare, or 
 pity ; clemency ; forbearance ; com- 
 passion ; beneficence. 
 
 mere, same as meer. 
 
 mere (mer), adj. [superlative mer- 
 est], such and no more; simple; en- 
 tire ; absolute. 
 
 merely ('li), adv. simply; purely; 
 only. 
 
 meretricious (mer-e-trish'us), adj. 
 pertaining to prostitutes ; lustful ; 
 alluring by false show ; tawdry. 
 
 merge (merj), v.t. to absorb or swal- 
 low up: v.i. to be swallowed up or 
 lost. 
 
 merger (merj'er), n. the legal consol- 
 idation of two estates, conforming 
 them into one estate ; the placing of 
 the operations of two or more com- 
 peting interests under the control of 
 a single body. 
 
 mericarp (mer'i-karp), n. one of the 
 carpels of an umbelliferous fruit. 
 
 meridian (me-rid'i-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to mid-day : n. mid-day ; noon ; 
 highest point or culmination; an 
 imaginary great circle of the sphere 
 passing through the poles of the 
 heavens and the zenith and nadir of 
 any given place, and cutting the 
 equator at right angles. 
 
 meridional ('i-o-nal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the meridian ; southern. 
 
 meridionally ('li), adv. in the direc- 
 tion of the meridian. 
 
 meringue (me-rangg'), n. a light con- 
 fection of eggs, sugar, cream, or jam. 
 
 merino (me-re'no), n. [pi. merinos 
 ('noz) ], a breed of sheep with a fine 
 wool ; the wool of such sheep : adj. 
 pertaining to, or made of, the wool 
 of the merino sheep. 
 
 merit (mer'it), n. excellence; worth; 
 deserved reward : pi. essential cir- 
 cumstances : v.t. to earn ; be entitled 
 to ; be deserving of. 
 
 meritorious (-i-to'ri-us), adj. having 
 merit ; deserving of reward or praise. 
 
 merle (merl), n. the blackbird [Poet.]. 
 
 merlin (mer'lin), n. a small falcon. 
 
 merling (merl'ing), n. the whiting. 
 
 merlon ( 'on ) , n. that part of a para- 
 pet included between two embra- 
 sures. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
mer 
 
 met 
 
 mermaid (mer'mad), n. a fabled ma- 
 rine creature having the upper part 
 like a woman and the lower part like 
 a fish. 
 
 merman ('man), n. the male of the 
 mermaid. 
 
 merrily (mer'i-li), adv. in a merry- 
 manner. 
 
 merriment ('i-ment), n. mirth; fun; 
 frolic; gaiety. Also merriness. 
 
 merry ('i), adj. [comparative merri- 
 er, superlative merriest], full of 
 mirth and good humor ; gay ; sport- 
 ive ; jovial ; pleasant. 
 
 merry-andrew (-an'droo), n. a buf- 
 
 . foon. 
 
 merry-dancers (-dan'serz), n.pl. the 
 Aurora Borealis. 
 
 merry - go - round ( mer'-i-go-round ) , 
 n. a circular frame fitted with 
 wooden horses or seats, on which 
 persons ride at fairs, &c. 
 
 merry- thought (-thawt), n. the 
 forked bone (furcula) of a fowl's 
 breast. 
 
 mesa (ma'sa), n. elevated table-land. 
 
 mesalliance (-za-le-angs'), n. mar- 
 riage with one of lower social posi- 
 tion. 
 
 mesh (mesh), n. an opening or inter- 
 stice of a net ; brewer's grains. 
 
 mesial (mez'i-al), adj. middle. 
 
 mesjid (mez'jid), n. a, mosque. 
 
 mesmeric (-mer'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or produced by, mesmerism. 
 
 mesmerism ('mer-izm), n. the art of 
 inducing an abnormal state of the 
 nervous system in which the thoughts 
 and actions of the patient are con- 
 trolled by the will of the operator; 
 animal magnetism. 
 
 mesmerist (-ist), n. one who prac- 
 tises the art of mesmerism. Also 
 mesmerizer. 
 
 mesmerize (-iz), v.t. to induce the 
 mesmeric state. 
 
 mesne (men), adj. middle; interven- 
 ing. 
 
 meso, a prefix meaning middle, inter- 
 mediate, as mesoblast, the inter- 
 mediate layer of the blastoderm of 
 an ovum ; mesocarp, the middle 
 layer of a pericarp. 
 
 mesosperm (mes'o-sperm), n. the 
 second membrane of a seed. 
 
 Mesozoic (-zo'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 the Secondary Age or era of rep- 
 tiles. x 
 
 mess (mes), n. a number of persons 
 who sit down to table together, es- 
 pecially soldiers or sailors ; a state 
 of dirt or confusion : v.i. to eat to- 
 gether : v.t. to furnish with food ; 
 dirty. 
 
 message ('aj), n. a communication, 
 written or verbal, sent from one per- 
 son to another; an official commu- 
 nication. 
 
 messenger ('en-jer), n. one who con- 
 veys a message ; an office servant 
 who carries messages ; a herald or 
 harbinger ; an official of the bank- 
 ruptcy court. 
 
 Messiah (-i'a), n. Christ the Anoint- 
 ed One. Also Messias. 
 
 Messianic (-i-an'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to the Messiah. 
 
 messieurs ('yers), n.pl. sirs; messrs. 
 
 messuage ('waj), n. a dwelling house 
 with its adjacent buildings and land 
 for the use of the household. 
 
 mestee (-te'), n. the offspring of a 
 white and a quadroon. 
 
 mestizo (-te'zo), n. [pi. mestizos 
 ('zoz)], the offspring of a Spaniard 
 or Creole and an Indian. Also mes- 
 tino. 
 
 met, p.t. & p.p. of meet. 
 
 meta, a prefix meaning between, over, 
 after, duplicate, resembling, change 
 from one state to another. 
 
 metabasis (me-tab'a-sis), n. transi- 
 tion. 
 
 metabolian (met-a-bo'li-an), n. an 
 insect of the sub-class Metabola 
 which undergo complete metamor- 
 
 metabolic (-bol'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or undergoing, change or meta- 
 morphosis. 
 
 metabolism (-tab'6-lizm), n. the con- 
 tinuous process by which living cells 
 or tissues undergo chemical change. 
 
 metacarpal (met-a-kar'pal), adj. 
 pertaining to the metacarpus. 
 
 metacarpus ('pus), n. that part of 
 the hand which is between the wrist 
 and the fingers. 
 
 metacenter (-sen'ter), n. that point 
 in a floating body on the position of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
met 
 
 which its equilibrium or stability de- 
 pends. 
 
 metagenesis (-a-jen'e-sis), n. alter- 
 nation of generation. 
 
 metal ('al), n. an elementary sub- 
 stance having certain physical char- 
 acteristics, as luster, ductility, mal- 
 leability, insolubility, is fusible 
 by heat, and a conductor of elec- 
 tricity ; molten glass ; small stone 
 cubes ; effective power or caliber of 
 the guns of a warship : pi. the rails 
 of a railroad : v.t. to cover with 
 metal. 
 
 metallic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 consisting of, or like, metal. 
 
 metallic oxide (oks'id), n. a com- 
 pound of metal with oxygen. 
 
 metallic salt (sawlt), n. a salt which 
 has a metallic oxide as its base. 
 
 metalliferous (-lif'er-us), adj. yield- 
 ing metal or metallic ores. 
 
 metallography (-og'ra-fi), n. the 
 science of metals ; a treatise on 
 metals. 
 
 metalloid (-oid), n. a non-metallic 
 elementary body : adj. resembling a 
 metal ; non-metallic. 
 
 metallurgic (-er'jik), adj. pertain- 
 ing* to metallurgy. Also metallur- 
 gical. 
 
 metallurgist ('al-er-jist), n. one 
 who is skilled in metallurgy. 
 
 metallurgy (-ji), n. the art or proc- 
 ess of working metals and of sep- 
 arating them from their ores. 
 
 metamorphic (-a-mor'fik), adj. per- 
 taining to, or produced by, meta- 
 morphism. 
 
 metamorphism ('fizm), n. the proc- 
 ess by which stratified rocks under 
 pressure, heat, chemical action, &c, 
 have changed from their original 
 structure, as limestone to marble. 
 
 metamorphose ('foz), v.t. to change 
 into a different form. 
 
 metamorphosis ('fo-sis), n. change 
 of form, shape, or structure; trans- 
 formation, as of a chrysalis into a 
 butterfly. 
 
 metaphor ('a-fer), n. a figure of 
 speech by which one word is em- 
 ployed for another of which it is 
 the image ; a compressed simile. 
 
 metaphoric (-for'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or comprising, a metaphor ; 
 
 met 
 
 not literal ; ngurative. Also meta- 
 phorical. 
 
 metaphorically (-al-li), adv. in 
 metaphors. 
 
 metaphrastic (-fras'tik), adj. close 
 or literal in translation. 
 
 metaphysical (-fiz'i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to, or according to the rules 
 of, metaphysics ; ontological. 
 
 metaphysically (-li), adv. by the 
 rules of metaphysical science. 
 
 metaphysician. ( -fi-zish'un ) , 11. one 
 who is skilled in metaphysics. 
 
 metaphysics (-fiz'iks), n. mental 
 philosophy. 
 
 metapsychics (sik'iks), n. the phi- 
 losophy of spiritistic phenomena. 
 
 metathesis (-ath'e-sis), n. transposi- 
 tion of the letters of a word or syl- 
 lable. 
 
 metempsychosis (-si-ko'sis), n. 
 transmigration of the soul after 
 death into the body of another man 
 or lower animal. 
 
 meteor (me'te-er), n. a transient lu- 
 minous body in the sky ; falling or 
 shooting star ; anything that daz- 
 zles or excites wonder for the mo- 
 ment. 
 
 meteoric (-or'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or formed of, or like, a meteor. 
 
 meteorite ('te-er-It), n. a stone or 
 metallic body which, in its passage 
 through space, has fallen upon the 
 earth. 
 
 meteorography (-er-og'ra-fi), n. the 
 registration of meteorological phe- 
 nomena. 
 
 meteorologic (-loj'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the atmosphere, or its phe- 
 nomena, or to meteorology. Also 
 meteorological. 
 
 meteorologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one 
 who is skilled in meteorology. 
 
 meteorology (-ji), n. the science of 
 the atmosphere and its various phe- 
 nomena. 
 
 meter (me'ter), n. an instrument for 
 registering automatically the amount 
 measured by it. 
 
 meter, metre (me'ter), n. a rhyth- 
 mic arrangement of syllables in 
 verse ; unit of length in the decimal 
 system = 39.37 inches. 
 
 meterage (-aj), n. measurement; 
 cost of measuring. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
met 
 
 mic 
 
 methinks (me-thingks'), v.i. [p.t. 
 methought], it appears or seems to 
 me. 
 
 method (meth'od), n. regular ar- 
 rangement of things ; system ; or- 
 der ; classification. 
 
 methodical ('i-kal), adj. character- 
 ized by, or arranged with regard to, 
 method ; systematic. Also methodic. 
 
 methodically (-li), adv. in a meth- 
 odical manner. 
 
 methodize ('6-diz), v.t. to reduce to 
 method ; systematize. 
 
 Methodism ('o-dizm), n. the doc- 
 trines and worship of the Metho- 
 dists. 
 
 Methodist ('o-dist), n. one of a sect 
 of Christians founded by John Wes- 
 ley : adj. pertaining to the • Metho- 
 dists. 
 
 methyl (meth'il), n. the hydro-car- 
 bon radical of methyl alcohol, or 
 wood spirit. 
 
 methylated (-i-la'ted), adj. mixed 
 with or containing methyl. 
 
 methylene (-len), n. an inflammable 
 liquid obtained from the distillation 
 of wood. Also methene. 
 
 methylic (-il'ik), adj. derived from, 
 or containing, methyl. 
 
 metonymy (me-ton'i-mi), n. a figure 
 of speech in which one word is used 
 for another related to it. 
 
 metre, see meter. 
 
 metric (met'rik), adj. pertaining to 
 the decimal system of weights and 
 measures. 
 
 metrical (-al), adj. pertaining to 
 meter, measurement, or rhythm. 
 
 metrically (-li), adv. in a metrical 
 manner. 
 
 metrograph ('ro-graf), n. an appa- 
 ratus for indicating the mileage run 
 by a locomotive, and the number 
 and time of stoppages at stations, 
 &c. 
 
 metrology (-rol'o-ji), n. the science 
 of weights and measures. 
 
 metronome ('ro-nom), n. an instru- 
 ment which beats musical time by 
 means of a short pendulum. 
 
 metronymic (-nim'ik), adj. derived 
 from one's mother or female ances- 
 tor. 
 
 metropolis (me-trop'o-lis), n. the 
 
 capital or cnief city of a kingdom 
 or country ; the seat or see of a 
 metropolitan. 
 
 metropolitan (-tro-pol'i-tan), adj. 
 pertaining to the capital city of a 
 kingdom or country, or to an arch- 
 bishopric : n. the presiding bishop of 
 a country or province; an arch- 
 bishop. 
 
 mettle ( met'l ) , n. constitutional ar- 
 dor or spirit ; fortitude. 
 
 mettlesome (-sum), n. high spirited. 
 
 mew (mu) , n. the cry of a cat ; a sea- 
 gull : pi. stables for carriage horses : 
 v.t. to shed or molt (the feathers) : 
 v.i. to cry like a cat. 
 
 mezzanine (met'za-nen), n. a low 
 intermediate story between two 
 higher ones ; a window in such a 
 story. 
 
 mezzotint (-tint), n. a variety of 
 copper engraving. Also mezzotinto. 
 
 mica (mi'ka), n. a mineral divisible 
 into thin transparent plates. 
 
 micaceous (-ka'shus), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, consisting of, or like, mica. 
 
 mice, pi. of mouse. 
 
 mico (ml'ko), n. a small South Amer- 
 ican monkey ; a Japanese solid oil 
 or butter. 
 
 micro, a prefix meaning small, as 
 microcosm, a small universe or com- 
 munity. 
 
 microbe (mi'krob), n. a minute mi- 
 croscopical organism found in the 
 blood of animals, especially those 
 suffering from disease ; bacterium. 
 
 microbe (krob'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or caused by, a microbe. Also 
 microbial. 
 
 microbicide (-krob'i-sid),w. an agent 
 for destroying microbes or bacteria. 
 
 micrococcus (-kro-kok'us), n. [pi. 
 micrococci ('si)], a genus of bac- 
 teria, a source of fermentation and 
 of zymotic disease. 
 
 microcosm, see under micro. 
 
 microcoustic (-kous' or -koos'tik), 
 adj. pertaining to, or serving to in- 
 crease, indistinct sounds : n. an in- 
 strument for the deaf, to augment 
 faint sounds. 
 
 microcrith (-krith'), n. the weight 
 of an atom of hydrogen. 
 
 microcyte ('kro-sit), n. a minute 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
mic 
 
 mil 
 
 elementary granule in the blood, es- 
 pecially present in disease. 
 
 micrograph ('kro-graf), n. a kind 
 of pantograph for executing very 
 minute engraving or writing. 
 
 micrography (-krog'ra-fi), n. the 
 description of microscopic objects. 
 
 microhm ('krom), n. the 1,000,000th 
 part of an ohm. 
 
 micrometer (-krom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring minute dis- 
 tances, or apparent diameters : 
 used with a microscope or telescope. 
 
 micromillimeter (-kro-mil'i-me-ter) , 
 n. the 1,000,000,000th part of a me- 
 ter. 
 
 microphone ('kro-fon), n. an instru- 
 ment for intensifying very minute 
 sounds. 
 
 micr ophotography ( -f o-tog'ra-fi ) , 
 n. photographing in miniature. 
 
 microphyte ('kro-fit), n. a micro- 
 scopic vegetable growth. 
 
 microscope ('kro-skop), n. an opti- 
 cal instrument for magnifying mi- 
 nute objects so as to render them 
 visible for purposes of investigation. 
 
 microscopic (-skop'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or determined by the aid. of, 
 a microscope. Also microscopical. 
 
 microscopically- (-al-li), adv. by, 
 or as by, a microscope. 
 
 microscopist ('kro-sko-pist), n. one 
 skilled in microscopy. 
 
 microscopy ('kro-sko-pi), n. the use 
 of the microscope ; microscopic in- 
 vestigation. 
 
 microspore ('kro-spor), n. a /very 
 minute reproductive spore found in 
 the capsules of lycopods. 
 
 microvolt ('kro-volt), n. the 1,000,- 
 000th part of a volt. 
 
 microzyme ('kro-zim), n. a minute 
 organism occurring in the air and 
 found in the human blood, acting 
 as a ferment in producing certain 
 zymotic diseases. 
 
 mid (mid), adj. middle: prefix, as 
 midday : n. a midshipman. 
 
 middle ('1), adj. equally distant from 
 the extremes ; mean ; medial : n. the 
 point equally distant from the ex- 
 tremes ; central part ; the waist. 
 
 Middle Ages (aj'ez), n.pl. the period 
 between the 5th and 15th centuries 
 
 A. D. 
 
 middlemost (-m5st), adj. situated 
 in, or nearest, the middle. 
 
 middling ('ling), adj. of middle rank, 
 size, or quality ; moderate : n.pl. the 
 coarser part of flour. 
 
 middy ('di), n. [pi. middies ('diz)], 
 a midshipman. 
 
 midge ( mij ) , n. a gnat. 
 
 midriff ('rif), n. the diaphragm sep- 
 arating the cavity of the chest from 
 the stomach. 
 
 midshipman ('ship-man), n. [pi. 
 midshipmen], in the British navy, a 
 junior officer ranking next above a 
 cadet. 
 
 midst (midst), n. the middle. 
 
 midwife (mid'wlf), n. [pi. midwives 
 ( 'wivz ) ] , a woman who assists at 
 childbirth : v.t. to assist in child- 
 birth : v.i. to serve as a midwife. 
 
 midwifery ('wif-er-i), n. obstetrics. 
 
 mien (men), n. external appearance; 
 air ; look ; carriage. 
 
 might (mlt), n. power; strength; 
 force : p.t. of may. 
 
 mightily ('i-li), adv. with great 
 power or strength ; vehemently ; in a 
 great degree. 
 
 mightiness (-nes), n. greatness; 
 power ; a title of dignity. 
 
 mighty ('i), adj. [comp. mightier, 
 superl. mightiest], powerful; strong; 
 influential; momentous; wonderful; 
 huge : adv. very ; exceedingly. 
 
 mignon ( min-yong' ) , adj. pretty ; 
 delicate [French]. 
 
 mignonette (min-yun-ef), n. a fra- 
 grant annual with greenish flower 
 and orange-colored stamens. 
 
 migrant (ml'grant), adj. migratory. 
 
 migratory ( 'gra-to-ri ) , adj. remov- 
 ing or passing from one place of 
 abode or resort to another ; roving ; 
 nomad. 
 
 Mikado (mi-ka'do), n. the Japanese 
 emperor, as the spiritual and tem- 
 poral head of the empire. 
 
 milch (milch), adj. yielding milk. 
 
 mild (mild), adj. [comp. milder, su- 
 perl. mildest], gentle in temper and 
 disposition ; gentle ; soft ; placid ; 
 moderate ; not sharp, sour, or bit- 
 ter ; lenitive. 
 
 mildew (mil'du), n. a disease of 
 plants produced by small fungi ; 
 spots of mold on cloth, &c, caused 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
mil 
 
 by damp : v.t. to taint with mildew : 
 v.i. be affected with mildew. 
 
 mile (mil), n. a measure of length 
 varying in different countries : the 
 English statute mile, in use in this 
 country, contains 1,760 yds., the 
 geographical or nautical mile l-60th 
 of a degree of latitude or 2,025 yds. 
 (nearly). 
 
 mileage ('aj), n. an allowance for 
 expenses per mile; length in miles. 
 
 milfoil (mil'foil), n. a composite 
 plant with finely divided leaves. 
 
 militancy ('i-tan-si), n. warfare; 
 militarism. 
 
 militant ('i-tant), adj. warlike; 
 fighting ; serving as a soldier. 
 
 militarism ('i-ta-rizm), n. military 
 spirit, policy, or government. 
 
 military ('i-ta-ri), adj. pertaining to 
 soldiers or to arms ; warlike ; mar- 
 tial : n. soldiers collectively ; army ; 
 troops. 
 
 militate ('i-tat), v.i. to be, or stand, 
 opposed; operate against (with 
 against). 
 
 militia (mi-lish'a), n. citizens en- 
 rolled and trained for the internal 
 defense of a state. 
 
 milk (milk), n. a white fluid secreted 
 by the mammary glands of female 
 mammals for the nourishment of 
 their young, especially the milk of 
 the cow ; the white juice of certain 
 plants : v.t. to draw milk from ; sup- 
 ply with milk. 
 
 milksop ('sop), n. an effeminate, 
 weak person. 
 
 milk-tooth (-tooth), n. the fore- 
 tooth of a foal ; one of the tempo- 
 rary first set of teeth in the young 
 of mammals. 
 
 Milky Way ('i wa), n. a broad lumi- 
 nous band in the heavens, from 
 horizon to horizon, consisting of in- 
 numerable stars. 
 
 mill (mil), n. a machine for grinding 
 and reducing a substance to small 
 particles ; a manufactory ; a prize 
 fight ; a money of account = 1- 
 1,000th of a dollar : v.t. to reduce 
 to fine particles in a mill ; press or 
 stamp, as the edges of coins ; full 
 (cloth); roll into bars, as metal; 
 thrash. 
 
 mil 
 
 millboard ('bord), n. a kind of thick 
 pasteboard. 
 
 millennial (mil-len'ni-al), adj. of or 
 pertaining to the millennium. 
 
 millennium ('i-um), n. the space of 
 1,000 years, especially that period 
 during which Satan will be bound 
 and Christ will reign on earth (Rev. 
 xx. 1-4). 
 
 milleped (mil'e-ped), n. an insect 
 with numerous feet, belonging to 
 the genus Julus. Also millepede. 
 
 millepore ('e-por), n. a coral of the 
 genus Millepora, having a smooth 
 surface, perforated with very small 
 pores. 
 
 miller ('er), n. one who keeps or 
 works a flour mill. 
 
 millet ('et), n. sl grain-bearing plant. 
 
 inilli, a prefix meaning 1,000th part 
 of, as mi'^iampere, the 1,000th part 
 of an ampere. 
 
 milliard ('i-ard, or me-lyar'), n. one 
 thousand millions. 
 
 millier (me-lya'), n. in the metric 
 system, a ton = 1,000,000 grams. 
 
 milligram (mil'i-gram), n. the 
 1,000th part of a gram = .0154 
 grain English. Also milligramme. 
 
 milliliter ('i-li-ter), n. the 1,000th 
 part of a liter = .06102 cubic in. 
 
 millimeter ('li-me-ter),w. the 1,000th 
 part of a meter = .03937 in. 
 
 milliner ('in-er), n. one who makes 
 women's bonnets, hats, headdresses, 
 &c. 
 
 millinery ('li-ner-i), n. the articles 
 made and sold by a milliner. 
 
 milling ('ing), n. the act of grind- 
 ing in, or passing through, a dress- 
 ing mill ; the process of making a 
 serrated edge on a coin, &c. 
 
 million ('yun), n. the number of ten 
 hundred thousand ; an indefinitely 
 large number. 
 
 millionaire (-ar'), n. a person who 
 is worth a million ; one very rich. 
 
 millionth ('yunth), adj. being one 
 of a million : w.one of 1,000,000 parts. 
 
 millpond ('pond), n. a reservoir of 
 water for driving a mill. 
 
 millrace ('ras), n. a current of water 
 that drives a mill. 
 
 millstone ('ston), n. one of two flat 
 cylindrical stones for grinding grain. 
 
 milt (milt), n. the spleen; the sper- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, fften. 
 
mini 
 
 mill 
 
 matic organ of a male fish : v.t. to im- 
 pregnate the ova of (a female fish). 
 
 mime (mim), n. a comic Greek and 
 Roman play representing real per- 
 sons and events ; an actor in a mime. 
 
 mimeograph (niim'e-o'graf ) , n. a 
 machine for multiplying copies of a 
 letter, drawing, etc. 
 
 mimetic (ml-met'ik), adj. imitative. 
 Also mimetical. 
 
 mimic ('ik), adj. inclined to imi- 
 tate ; imitative : n. one who mimics 
 or imitates : v.t. to imitate, or ridi- 
 cule by imitation. 
 
 mimicker (-er), n. a mimic. 
 
 mimicry (-ri), n. ludicrous imitation 
 for sport or ridicule ; close external 
 likeness. 
 
 minaret (min'a-ret), n. a tall slen- 
 der turret attached to a mosque 
 surrounded with several balconies 
 from which the muezzin calls the 
 people to prayers. 
 
 minatory ('a-to-ri), adj. threatening. 
 
 mince (mins), v.t. to cut or chop 
 into minute pieces ; extenuate or 
 suppress : v.i. to talk with affected 
 elegance ; walk with short steps or 
 in a prim manner. 
 
 mince-meat ('met), n. meat chopped 
 very fine, especially with suet, rai- 
 sins, lemon peel, &c. 
 
 mincing ('ing), adj. affectedly ele- 
 gant. 
 
 mind (mind), n. the intellectual or 
 rational faculty in man ; the under- 
 standing or intellect ; soul ; mem- 
 ory ; intention ; opinion : v.t. to at- 
 tend to ; heed ; obey. 
 
 minded ('ed), p. adj. having a mind; 
 disposed or inclined. 
 
 mindful ('fool), adj. bearing in 
 mind ; observant ; attentive. 
 
 mine (mm), pron. belonging to me: 
 n. an excavation in the earth from 
 which minerals, precious stones, &c, 
 are extracted ; crude ironstone ; a 
 tunnel under an enemy's works to 
 blow them up ; a rich source of 
 wealth : v.i. to carry on mining 
 operations ; practice secret methods : 
 v.t. to undermine or sap. 
 
 mineral (min'er-al), n. any inor- 
 ganic body found on the surface or 
 in the earth : adj. pertaining to, con- 
 
 sisting of, or impregnated with, a 
 mineral. 
 
 mineralize (-iz), v.t. to convert into 
 a mineral ; impregnate with mineral 
 matter : v.i. to make excursions to 
 collect minerals. 
 
 mineralogist (-al'o-jist), n. one 
 skilled in the knowledge of minerals. 
 
 mineralogy (-al'o-ji), n. the science 
 of minerals. 
 
 mingle (ming'gl), v.t. to intermix; 
 join or combine ; blend ; compound : 
 v.i. to be mixed or united with. 
 
 miniature (min'i-a-tur), n. a very 
 small painting, especially a portrait 
 on ivory, &c. : adj. done on a very 
 small scale ; diminutive ; minute. 
 
 minim ('im), n. the smallest liquid 
 measure ; a single drop ; a musical 
 note = 2 crotchets ; one of an order 
 of mendicant friars founded by St. 
 Francis of Paola, 15th century ; a 
 sma'i fish. 
 
 minimize (-Iz), v.t. to reduce to a 
 minimum. 
 
 minimum ('i-mum), n. [pi. minima 
 -ma)], the least quantity; trifle. 
 
 mining (min'ing), p. adj. pertaining 
 to mines ; burrowing in the earth : 
 n. the act of making mines or work- 
 ing them. 
 
 minion (min'yun), n. a size of type 
 intermediate between nonpareil and 
 brevier (see type) ; a servile flat- 
 terer or dependent. 
 
 minister ('is-ter), n. a servant; one 
 subordinate to another ; agent ; one 
 intrusted with the direction of af- 
 fairs of state ; ambassador ; a cler- 
 gyman or pastor of a church author- 
 ized to preach and administer the 
 sacraments : v.t. to supply ; admin- 
 ister : v.i. to serve in some office, 
 clerical or lay ; supply things neces- 
 sary. 
 
 ministerial (-te'ri-a.1), adj. pertain- 
 ing to ministry or service, official 
 or clerical ; pertaining to a minis- 
 ter of the state or of religion. 
 
 ministerialist (-te'ri-al-ist), n. a 
 supporter of the ministry in office. 
 
 ministerially (-li), adv. in a minis- 
 terial manner. 
 
 ministrant ('is-trant), adj. serving 
 as a minister. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
min 
 
 ministration (-tra/shun), n. the act 
 of ministering ; administration ; 
 service. 
 
 ministry ('is-tri), n. [pi. ministries 
 (-triz)], the agency or service of a 
 minister of religion ; the office, du- 
 ties, or functions of a minister of 
 state ; ministers of state collective- 
 ly ; term of ministerial office. 
 
 minium. ( 'i-um ) , n. red oxide of lead. 
 
 miniver ('i-ver), n. the Siberian 
 squirrel or its fur. Also minever. 
 
 mink (mingk), n. a carnivorous mam- 
 mal allied to the weasel, yielding a 
 valuable fur. 
 
 minnow (min'o), n. a fresh- water 
 fish of small size. 
 
 minor (mi'ner), adj. smaller; less; 
 inconsiderable; less by a semitone 
 [Music] : n. one of either sex who 
 is under the age of 21 ; in logic, the 
 term or premise containing the sub- 
 ject of the conclusion. 
 
 minority (mi-nor'i-ti), n. [pi. mi- 
 norities (-tiz)], the smallest num- 
 ber : opposed to majority ; the state 
 of being a minor. 
 
 minotaur (min'o-tawr), n. in classic 
 mythology, a monster with the head 
 of a bull and the body of a man. 
 
 minster ('ster), n. the church of a 
 monastery ; a cathedral church. 
 
 minstrel ('strel), n. in medieval 
 times, one of an order of men who 
 traveled from place to place singing 
 their musical compositions to the 
 accompaniment of a harp ; a poet or 
 musician. 
 
 minstrelsy (-si), n. the art or occu- 
 pation of minstrels ; minstrels col- 
 lectively ; a collection of ballad 
 poetry. 
 
 mint (mint), n. the place where 
 money is coined by government au- 
 thority ; source of unlimited supply ; 
 place of invention or fabrication ; an 
 odoriferous plant yielding a pungent 
 essential oil : v.t. to coin or stamp 
 (money) ; invent. 
 
 mintage ('aj), n. coin, &c, produced 
 in a mint ; duty paid to the mint 
 for coining gold or silver. 
 
 mint julep (ju'lep), n. a drink com- 
 pounded of brandy, sugar, and 
 pounded ice, flavored with mint. 
 
 minuend (min'u-end), n. that num- 
 ber from which another number is 
 to be subtracted. 
 
 minuet ('u-et), n. a slow graceful 
 dance ; music for such a dance. 
 
 minus (mi'nus), n. the sign ( — ) of 
 subtraction. 
 
 minute (-nut'), adj. very small; pre- 
 cise: n. (min'it) l-60th part of an 
 hour or of a degree ; an official 
 note ; memorandum. 
 
 minutely (mi-nut'li), adv. in a mi- 
 nute manner ; exactly. 
 
 minuteness ('nes), n. the quality of 
 being minute ; exactness. 
 
 minutiae ( mi-nu/shi-e ) , n.pl. smaller 
 or minor details or particulars. 
 
 minx (mingks), n. a pert, wanton 
 girl. 
 
 Miocene (nri'o-sen), adj. pertaining 
 to the middle division of the Ter- 
 tiary formation. 
 
 miracle ( mir'a-kl ) , n. a supernatural 
 occurrence or act; wonder or mar- 
 vel. 
 
 miraculous (mi-rak'u-lus), adj. per- 
 formed supernaturally ; wonderful. 
 
 mirage (mi-razh'), n. an optical at- 
 mospheric illusion by which the im- 
 age of a distant object is seen as if 
 inverted. 
 
 mire (mir), n. deep mud; wet clayey 
 earth : v.t. to soil with mire ; plunge 
 and fix in mud : v.i. to sink in mud. 
 
 miriness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing miry. 
 
 mirror (mir'er), n. a looking-glass; 
 speculum ; pattern : v.t. to reflect as 
 in a mirror. 
 
 mirth (merth), n. noisy gaiety; so- 
 cial merriment ; hilarity ; jollity. 
 
 mirthful ('fool), adj. merry; fes- 
 tive. 
 
 mirthfully (-li), adv. in a mirthful 
 manner. 
 
 miry ('ri), adj. abounding in, or cov- 
 ered with, mire. 
 
 mirza (mer'za), n. a Persian title 
 equivalent to prince. __ 
 
 mis, prefix meaning wrong, wrongly, 
 ill, error, divergence. 
 
 misadventure (mis-ad-ven'tiir), n. 
 an unlucky accident ; misfortune. 
 
 misalliance (-a-li'ans), n. an im- 
 proper alliance by marriage, espe- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; b5on, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
mis 
 
 mis 
 
 daily with one of lower social 
 status ; see also mesalliance. 
 
 misanthrope ( 'an-throp ) , n. a hater 
 of mankind. 
 
 misanthropic (-throp'ik), adj. hat- 
 ing mankind. Also misanthropical. 
 
 misanthropy ('thro-pi), n. hatred of 
 mankind. 
 
 misapprehend (-ap-re-hend'), v.t. to 
 misunderstand ; misconceive. 
 
 misappropriate (-pro'pri-at), v.t. 
 to apply to a wrong use or purpose, 
 as trust-money, &c. 
 
 miscarriage (-kar'aj), n. failure; 
 misbehavior ; premature parturition. 
 
 miscarry (-kar'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 miscarried, p.pr. miscarrying], to 
 go wrong ; be unsuccessful ; bring 
 forth young prematurely. 
 
 miscellanea (-e-la'ne-a), n.pl. a col- 
 lection of miscellaneous matters, or 
 things. 
 
 miscellaneous ('ne-us), adj. con- 
 sisting of several kinds mixed to- 
 gether ; promiscuous. 
 
 i miscellany ('e-la-ni), n. [pi. miscel- 
 lanies (-niz)], a mixture of various 
 kinds , a book containing a variety 
 of literary compositions. 
 
 mischance (-Chans'), n. misfortune; 
 mishap. 
 
 mischief ('chif), n. harm; injury; 
 hurt ; damage ; misfortune. _ 
 
 mischievous ('chi-vus), adj. produc- 
 ing injury or damage ; hurtful ; in- 
 clined to mischief. 
 
 miscible ('i-bl), adj. caoable of be- 
 ing mixed. 
 
 | misconceive C-kon-sev'), v.t. to con- 
 
 I ceive wrongly ; misjudge ; misappre- 
 hend. 
 
 imisconception (-sep'shun), n. false 
 opinion ; misapprehension. 
 
 miscreant ('kre-ant), n. an unscru- 
 pulous villain ; vile wretch : adj. un- 
 scrupulous. 
 
 misdemean (-de-men'), v.t. to be- 
 have (one's self) ill. 
 
 misdemeanant (-de-men'ant), n. 
 one guilty of a misdemeanor. 
 
 misdemeanor ('er), n. evil conduct; 
 a crime less than a felony. 
 
 miser (mi'zer), n. a covetous man 
 who denies himself the comforts of 
 life to hoard up money. 
 
 miserable (miz'er-a-bl), adj. wretch- 
 
 ed ; very unhappy ; worthless ; des- 
 picable ; very mean or poor. 
 
 miserably (-bli), adv. in a miserable 
 manner. 
 
 misery ('er-i), n. extreme pain, dis- 
 tress, or misfortune ; great unhap- 
 piness. 
 
 misfeasance (-fe'zans), n. legal 
 trespass ; wrong performance. 
 
 mislay (mis-la'), v.t. to lose. 
 
 misle, another form of mizzle. 
 
 misly (miz'li), adj. raining in mi- 
 nute drops. 
 
 misogynist (mi-soj'i-nist), n. a wom- 
 an-hater. 
 
 misogyny ('i-ni), n. hatred of wom- 
 en. 
 
 misplace (-plas'), v.t. to put in a 
 wrong place ; place on an improper 
 or undeserving object. 
 
 misprision (-prizh'un), n. in law, a 
 high offense under the degree of a 
 capital one, but bordering upon it. 
 
 misprision of felony (fel'o-ni), n. 
 concealment of a felony by one who 
 is cognizant thereof, but without 
 consenting to it. 
 
 misrepresent (-rep-re-zenf), v.t. to 
 represent falsely or incorrectly, wil- 
 fully, or through carelessness. 
 
 Miss (mis), n. [pi. misses ('ez)], a 
 title of address prefixed to the name 
 of an unmarried lady. 
 
 miss, n. a young unmarried girl or 
 woman ; failure to hit, reach, per- 
 ceive, or obtain : v.t. to fail to hit, 
 &c. ; omit or pass by ; do without ; 
 feel the want of : v.i. to fail to hit ; 
 fly wide of the mark. 
 
 missal ('al), n. the book containing 
 the order of service for the Roman 
 Catholic Mass. 
 
 missel (miz'l), n. the mistlethrush. 
 
 missile (mis'il), n. a weapon or 
 thing thrown, or designed to be 
 thrown, to injure another. 
 
 missing ('ing), p. adj. lost; wanting. 
 
 mission (mish'un), n. the act of 
 sending, or state of being sent with 
 certain powers, especially to propa- 
 gate religion ; embassy ; delegation ; 
 commission ; a series of special re- 
 ligious services. 
 
 missionary (-a-ri), n. [pi. mission- 
 aries (-riz)], a person who is sent 
 to propagate religion, especially in 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
mis 
 
 foreign parts : adj. pertaining to 
 missions or missionaries. 
 
 mis si oner (-er), n. a missionary ; one 
 who has charge of, or conducts, a 
 mission. 
 
 missive ('iv), n. a letter or message : 
 adj. sent specially. 
 
 mist (mist), n. visible watery va- 
 por in the atmosphere, at or near 
 the earth's surface ; fog ; anything 
 that dims or obscures the vision : 
 v.t. to cover with, or as with, mist : 
 v.i. to rain in minute drops. 
 
 mistakable (mis-tak'a-bl), adj. lia- 
 ble to be mistaken. 
 
 mistake (-tak'), v.t. [p.t. mistook, 
 p.p. mistaken, p.pr. mistaking], to 
 misunderstand ; misconceive ; mis- 
 judge : v.i. to err in judgment or 
 opinion : n. an error in judgment ; 
 misconception ; fault. 
 
 Mister ('ter), n. a title of address 
 prefixed to a man's name: abbre- 
 viated in writing Mr. 
 
 mistily ('ti-li), adv. obscurely; dark- 
 ly. 
 
 mistiness (-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing misty ; obscurity ; dimness. 
 
 mistletoe (miz'l-to), n. an evergreen 
 plant parasitic on apple trees, &c, 
 and less commonly on the oak. 
 
 mistress (mis'tres), n. & woman who 
 exercises authority or governs ; the 
 female head of a family, school, &c. ; 
 a woman well skilled in anything ; 
 a woman courted and beloved ; 
 sweetheart ; a kept woman. 
 
 Mistress (mis'tres), n, a title of ad- 
 dress prefixed to the name of a 
 married woman ; abbreviated Mrs. 
 (mis'is). 
 
 misty ('ti), adj. [comp. mistier, 
 superl. mistiest], characterized by, 
 or obscured with, mist ; dim ; ob- 
 scure ; clouded. 
 
 misunderstand (-un-der-stand'), v.t. 
 to take in a wrong sense ; miscon- 
 ceive. 
 
 misunderstanding ('ing), n. mis- 
 conception ; disagreement. 
 
 mite (mit), n. a minute insect of 
 the division Acarida ; a small coin 
 formerly current ; a very small ob- 
 ject or quantity. 
 
 miter, mitre (mi'ter), n. the head- 
 dress of the high priest of the Jews ; 
 
 moa 
 
 a kind of crown cleft in the middle, 
 worn by archbishops, bishops, and 
 sometimes by abbots on special oc- 
 casions ; the dignity of a bishop ; the 
 junction of moldings at an angle of 
 45° : v.t. to adorn with a miter ; 
 join at 45°. 
 
 mitigate (mit'i-gat), v.t. to render 
 less severe or rigorous or painful ; 
 soften ; alleviate. 
 
 mitigation (-ga'shun), n. the act of 
 mitigating ; alleviation. 
 
 mitigative (mit'i-ga-tiv), adj. allevi- 
 ating. 
 
 mitigator (-ter), n. one who, or that 
 which, mitigates. 
 
 mitigatory (mit'i-ga-to-ri), adj. 
 tending to mitigate. 
 
 mitrailleuse (me-tra-lyez'), n. a 
 breech-loading gun formed of many 
 barrels fitted together, and capable 
 of being fired simultaneously. 
 
 mitral (mi'tral), adj. pertaining to, 
 or shaped like, a miter. 
 
 mitriform ('tri-form), adj. shaped 
 like a miter ; conical. 
 
 mitten ('n), n. a fingerless winter 
 glove ; a fingerless cover for the 
 hand or wrist. 
 
 mittimus (mit'i-mus), (Latin we 
 send), n. a warrant of commitment 
 to prison ; a writ transferring a rec- 
 ord out of one court to another. 
 
 mix (miks), v.t. to unite or blend 
 into one mass or compound ; join : 
 v.i. to become united in a com- 
 pound ; associate ; mingle. 
 
 mixture ('tur), n. the state of being 
 mixed ; a compound or mass formed 
 by mixing, especially one in which 
 the particles of each ingredient re- 
 tain their property. 
 
 mizzen (miz'n), n. the hindmost of 
 the fore- and aft-sails of a vessel. 
 
 mizzle ('1), v.i. to rain in very mi- 
 nute drops ; to take one's self off : n. 
 fine rain. 
 
 mizzly ('li), adj. drizzling; misty. ^ 
 
 mnemonic (ne-mon'ik), adj. assist- 
 ing the memory. 
 
 mnemonics ('iks), n.pl. the art or 
 science of assisting the memory. 
 
 moan (mon), v.i. to utter a low 
 sound from, or as from, pain or 
 sorrow : n. a low prolonged expres- 
 sion of sorrow or pain. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
moa 
 
 mog 
 
 moat (mot), n. a ditch round a for- 
 tress, &c. : v.t. to surround with a 
 moat. 
 
 mob (mob), n. the populace; a rude 
 disorderly crowd ; riotous assembly ; 
 rabble : v.t. to attack in a disorderly 
 crowd ; crowd about and annoy. 
 
 mobcap ('kap), n. a woman's plain 
 headdress or cap. 
 
 mobile (mo'bil), adj. easily moved. 
 
 mobility -(-bil'i-ti), n. susceptibility 
 of motion. 
 
 mobilization (-i-za'shun), n. the act 
 of mobilizing. 
 
 mobilize (-Iz), v.t. to call (troops) 
 into active service. 
 
 mobocracy (mob-ok'ra-si), n. the 
 rule, or ascendency, of the mob. 
 
 moccasin (mok'a-sin), n. a deerskin 
 sandal or shoe worn by the North 
 American Indians ; a poisonous 
 American snake. 
 
 mocha (mo'ka), n. a kind of coffee 
 from Mocha, a seaport of Arabia. 
 
 mock (mok), v.t. to ridicule; mimic 
 in sport, contempt, or derision ; de- 
 ride ; disappoint the hopes of ; tan- 
 talize : n. derision ; ridicule : adj. 
 false ; counterfeit. 
 
 mockery ('er-i), n. derision; ridi- 
 cule ; delusion ; imitation. 
 
 mocking ('ing) , p. adj. derisive ; mim- 
 icking. 
 
 mocking bird (berd), n. an Ameri- 
 can thrush noted for mimicry of the 
 notes of other birds. 
 
 modal (mo'da.1), adj. pertaining to 
 mode or form ; indicating some 
 mode of expression. 
 
 modality (-dal'i-ti), n. the fact of 
 being a mode ; in law, the quality of 
 being suspended by a condition. 
 
 mode (mod), n. form; custom; 
 fashion ; manner ; variety of a syllo- 
 gism. 
 
 model (mod'el), n. a pattern of some- 
 thing to be made, or reproduced ; ex- 
 ample for imitation ; standard copy : 
 a person who poses as a subject for 
 a painter or sculptor : adj. serving 
 as a pattern or model : v.t. to form 
 after a model, especially in some 
 plastic material : v.i. to practice 
 modeling. 
 
 modeler (-er), n. one who models. 
 
 modeling (-ing), n. the act or art 
 
 of making a model, especially of a 
 work of art in some plastic material. 
 
 moderate (mod'er-at), v.t. to keep 
 within bounds ; lessen ; qualify : v.i. 
 to become less violent or intense ; 
 preside as a moderator : adj. kept 
 within bounds ; not extreme or ex- 
 cessive ; restrained ; frugal ; calm ; 
 reasonable ; mild. 
 
 moderately (-li), adv. in a moderate 
 manner. 
 
 moderation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
 moderating ; the state of being mod- 
 erate ; freedom from excess ; equa- 
 nimity. 
 
 moderator (mod'er-a-ter), n. one 
 who, or that which, moderates or re- 
 strains ; the presiding officer in a 
 church meeting. 
 
 modern ('era), adj. pertaining to the 
 present time ; recent : n.pl. people of 
 modern times. 
 
 modernize (-Iz), v.t. to render mod- 
 ern in usage or taste. 
 
 modest ('est), adj. restrained by a 
 due sense of propriety ; diffident ; 
 decent ; chaste. 
 
 modesty ('es-ti), n. the quality or 
 state of being modest ; propriety of 
 behavior or manner ; chastity ; dif- 
 fidence ; moderation. 
 
 modicum ('i-kum), n. a little. 
 
 modification (-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of modifying ; the state of being 
 modified ; slight change in form. 
 
 modify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. modi- 
 fied, p.pr. modifying], to change 
 slightly in form ; vary ; qualify ; re- 
 duce. 
 
 modiste (mo-dest'), n. a fashionable 
 dressmaker. 
 
 modulate (mod'u-lat), v.t. to vary 
 the sound of ; change the key or 
 mode of : v.i. to pass from one musi- 
 cal key to another. 
 
 modulation (-la/shun), n. the act 
 of modulating; the state of being 
 modulated. 
 
 modulator ('u-la-ter), n. one who, 
 or that which, modulates ; in the 
 tonic sol-fa system, a chart to in- 
 dicate its modulations. 
 
 Mogul (mo-gul'), adj. pertaining to 
 the Mongolians : n. a person of the 
 Mongolian race. The Emperor of 
 Delhi is called the Great Mogul. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 D 35 book; hue, hut; think, Men. 
 
moh 
 
 mohair ('har), n. a fabric made from 
 the hair of the Angora goat ; an im- 
 itation of such a fabric. 
 
 Mohammedan (-ham'e-dan), adj. 
 pertaining to Mohammed, or to Mo- 
 hammedanism : n. an adherent of 
 Mohammedanism. Also Mahometan, 
 Mahomedan, Mussulman, Moslem. 
 
 Mohammedanism (-izm), n. the re- 
 ligion, doctrines, or institutions 
 founded by Mohammed. 
 
 moiety (moi'e-ti), n. one of two equal 
 parts or shares ; half. 
 
 moil ( moil ) , v.i. to toil ; drudge. 
 
 moire (mwar), n. watered silk. 
 
 moire-antique (an-tek'), n. a supe- 
 rior variety of watered silk. 
 
 moist (moist), adj. containing water 
 or other liquid ; humid ; damp. 
 
 moisten (mois'n), v.t. to make moist. 
 
 moisture (moist'ur), n. a moderate 
 degree of dampness ; slight wetness. 
 
 moke (mok), n. a donkey. 
 
 molar (mo'ler), n. a double tooth or 
 grinder : adj. used for, and capable 
 of, grinding. 
 
 molasses (-las'ez), n. treacle. 
 
 mold, mould (mold), n. a fine soft 
 soil, rich in decayed matter ; sub- 
 stance of which anything is com- 
 posed ; a minute fungoid growth of 
 decaying animal or vegetable mat- 
 ter ; the matrix in which anything 
 is cast or . shaped ; character : v.t. 
 cover with mold ; cause to become 
 moldy ; fashion in, or as in, a mold : 
 v.i. to become moldy. 
 
 molder, moulder ('er), v.t. to turn 
 into dust by natural decay : v.i. to 
 crumble to mold ; waste away by 
 degrees: n. one who molds. 
 
 moldiness, mouldiness ('i-nes), n. 
 the state of being moldy. 
 
 molding, moulding ('ing), n. the 
 act of molding ; anything made in 
 or by a mold ; ornamental strip : 
 used on a wall, picture frame, &c. 
 
 moldy, mouldy ('i), adj. covered 
 with or having mold. 
 
 mole (mol), n. a dark-colored mark 
 or small protuberance on the skin ; 
 a small soft-furred burrowing ani- 
 mal with small eyes of the genus 
 Talpa ; a pier or breakwater. 
 
 molecular (mo-lek'u-lar), adj. per- 
 
 mon 
 
 taining to, consisting of, produced 
 by, or existing between, molecules. 
 
 molecularity (-lek-u-lar'i-ti), 11. 
 molecular state. 
 
 molecule (mol'e-kul), n. the smallest 
 quantity of an element or compound 
 which can exist separately. 
 
 moleskin (mol'skin), n. a twilled 
 fustian cloth with a soft surface 
 resembling_ a mole's fur. 
 
 molest (mo-lest'), v.t. to annoy, or 
 interfere with ; trouble ; vex. 
 
 molestation (mol-es-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of molesting ; interference ; an- 
 noyance. 
 
 molliner ( 'i-f I-er ) , n. one who molli- 
 fies. 
 
 mollify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. molli- 
 fied, p.pr. mollifying], to calm; 
 soften ; assuage. 
 
 mollusk ('usk), n. one of the Mol- 
 lusca. 
 
 Mollusca (mo-lus'ka), n.pl. a divis- 
 ion of the Invertebrata comprising 
 animals with a soft fleshy body, and 
 covered more or less with a calca- 
 reous shell, as the snail, &c. 
 
 molluscan ('kan), adj. pertaining to 
 the Mollusca. Also molluscous. 
 
 Moloch (mo'lok), n. the fire-god of 
 the ancient Phoenicians and Ammo- 
 nites to whom human sacrifices were 
 offered. Also Molech. 
 
 molt, moult (molt), v.i. to cast the 
 feathers, hair, skin, &c. 
 
 molten (molt'en), adj. melted; made 
 of melted metal. 
 
 molybdenum (mol-ib-de'num), n. a 
 rare metallic element. 
 
 moment (mo'ment), n. the smallest 
 possible portion of time ; an instant ; 
 importance; value; the product of 
 a force and the perpendicular of its 
 line of action from the point on 
 which it acts. 
 
 momentarily (-ta-ri-li), adv. for a 
 moment; from moment to moment. 
 
 momentary ( 'men-ta-ri ) , adj. last- 
 ing only for, or done in, a moment. 
 
 momentous (-men'tus), adj. very 
 important. 
 
 momentum (-men'tum), n. impetus; 
 the product of the mass by the ve- 
 locity of a moving body. 
 
 monachism (mon'a-kizm), n. mo- 
 
 ate, firm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, tfften. 
 
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nastic life or system. Also rnonas- 
 ticisru. 
 
 monad ('ad), n. an ultimate atom; a 
 simple primary constituent of mat- 
 ter ; one of the smallest flagellate 
 Infusoria ; an elementary organism 
 or cell ; a univalent atom or radical. 
 
 monarch ('ark), n. a supreme ruler; 
 sovereign ; the chief of its class or 
 kind : adj. supreme. 
 
 monarchic (-iir'kik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a mouarch or to monarchy ; 
 vested in a monarch. Also monar- 
 chical. 
 
 monarchism ('iir-kizm), n. the prin- 
 ciples of monarchy ; preference for 
 monarchy. 
 
 monarchist (-ist), n. an advocate 
 for, or supporter of, monarchy. 
 
 monarchy ('ark-i), n. [pi. monarch- 
 ies (-iz)], government in which the 
 supreme power, either absolute or 
 limited, is vested in a monarch, 
 kingdom, or empire. 
 
 monasterial (-as-te'ri-al), adj. per- 
 taining to a monastery, or to mo- 
 nastic life. 
 
 monastery ('as-ter-i), n. [pi. mon- 
 asteries (-iz)], a home for religious 
 retirement for men. 
 
 monastic (mo-nas'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to monasteries, monks, their 
 rules, &c. Also monastical. 
 
 monastically (-al-li), adv. in a 
 monastic manner. 
 
 monasticism ('ti-sizm), n. monach- 
 ism. 
 
 mondaine (mon-dan'), n. a woman 
 of fashion. 
 
 Monday (mun'da), n. the second day 
 of the week. 
 
 monetary (mun'e-ta-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to money. 
 
 monetary nnit (u'nit), n. the stand- 
 ard of the currency of a nation, as 
 the pound in England, or the dol- 
 lar in the United States. 
 
 monetization (-e-ti-za'shun), n. the 
 act of monetizing. 
 
 monetize ('e-tiz), v.t. to convert in- 
 to money ; give a standard or cur- 
 rent value to. 
 
 money ('i), n. [pi. moneys ('iz)], 
 coin ; specie ; gold, silver, or other 
 metal stamped by legal authority 
 
 and used as currency ; any currency 
 used as money ; wealth. 
 
 moneyed ('id), adj. possessed of 
 money ; wealthy. 
 
 monger (mung'ger), n. a dealer. 
 
 Mongol (mong'gol), adj. pertaining 
 to Mongolia, or to its inhabitants, 
 or to one of the great divisions of 
 mankind, of which the Mongols and 
 Chinese are the type : n. a member 
 of the Mongol race. Also Mongo- 
 lian. 
 
 mongoose, another form of mun- 
 goose. 
 
 mongrel (mung'grel), adj. of a 
 mixed breed or kind : n. anything 
 of mixed breed or kind, as a dog, 
 &c. 
 
 monism (mon'izm), n. the doctrine of 
 the unity of substance ; the identity 
 of matter and mind. 
 
 monist ('ist), n. a supporter or ad- 
 vocate of monism. 
 
 monistic (mo-nis'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to monism. 
 
 monition (mo-nish'un), n. admoni- 
 tion ; warning ; notice. 
 
 inonitire (mon'i-tiv), adj. admoni- 
 tory. 
 
 monitor ('i-ter), n. one who warns 
 or admonishes ; a senior pupil se- 
 lected to instruct the younger schol- 
 ars ; heavily-armed turreted iron- 
 clad ; a genus of large lizards. 
 
 monitorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or performed by, a monitor. 
 
 monitorially (-li), adv. in a monito- 
 rial manner. 
 
 monitory ('i-to-ri), adj. giving moni- 
 tion. 
 
 monitress ('i-tres), n. a female mon- 
 itor. 
 
 monk (mungk), n. a man who de- 
 votes himself exclusively to a reli- 
 gious life and lives in community 
 with others similarly ,bound by vows 
 to chastity, obedience, and poverty. 
 
 monkey ('i), n. [pi. monkeys ('iz)], 
 a quadrumanous mammal, of the 
 species Simiidse ; a name for va- 
 rious mechanical contrivances; a 
 name of contempt, especially for 
 one of mischievous propensities. 
 
 monkey-boat (-bot), n. a small 
 dock-boat. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
mon 
 
 monkey- jacket (-jak'et), n. a short 
 closely fitting thick jacket. 
 
 monkhood ('hood), n. the character 
 or condition of a monk ; monks col- 
 lectively. 
 
 monkish ('ish), adj. pertaining to, 
 or resembling, a monk ; monastic. 
 
 monkshood ('s-hood), n. aconite. 
 
 mono, a prefiw meaning one, single, 
 alone. Also mon, as monobasic : 
 adj. having only a single atom or 
 equivalent of base, monocle, an eye- 
 glass for one eye. 
 
 monocular (mo-nok'fi-lar), adj. 
 adapted for use for one eye; with 
 one eye only. 
 
 monody (mon'o-di), n. a plaintive 
 poem or song for one voice. 
 
 monogamy (mo-nog'a-mi), n. mar- 
 riage of one wife only ; marrying 
 only once; pairing with a single 
 mate, as the dove. 
 
 monogenesis (mon-o-gen'e-sis), n. 
 a sexual reproduction from a single 
 cell. 
 
 monogram ('o-gram), n. a cipher or 
 character formed by the interweav- 
 ing of two or more letters. 
 
 monograph ('5-graf), n. a paper or 
 treatise written on one particular 
 subject or some branch of it. 
 
 monolith ('o-lith), n. a pillar or col- 
 umn formed of a single stone. 
 
 monologue ('o-log), n. a dramatic 
 scene in which one person only 
 speaks ; soliloquy. 
 
 monomania (-ma'ni-a), n. mental 
 derangement in regard to one sub- 
 ject only. 
 
 monomaniac (-ma'ni-ak), adj. per- 
 taining to, or affected with, mono- 
 mania : n. one affected with mono- 
 mania. 
 
 monometallism (-met'al-izm), n. 
 the legalized use of one metal only 
 as currency. 
 
 monopolist (mo-nop'o-list), n. one 
 who has a monopoly, or monopolizes. 
 
 monopolize ('o-liz), v.t. to acquire 
 the possession of so as to be the only 
 seller ; to engross the whole of. 
 
 monotheism (mon'o-the-izm), n. the 
 doctrine of, or belief in, the ex- 
 istence of one God. 
 
 monotheistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to monotheism. 
 
 monotone (mon'o-ton), n. recitation 
 on a single note or key : v.t. to re- 
 cite (as prayers) on a single note. 
 
 monotonous (mo-not'o-nus), adj. 
 continued in the same unvarying 
 tone ; wearisome. 
 
 monotony ('o-ni), n. dull uniform- 
 ity of tone ; unvarying or irksome 
 sameness. 
 
 monoxide (-noks'id), n. an oxide 
 having one atom of oxygen in each 
 molecule. 
 
 monseigneur (mong-sa-nyer'), n. 
 [pi. messeigneurs (ma-sa-nyer') ], 
 formerly a title in France given to 
 persons of high birth or rank, espe- 
 cially to the dauphin; a title of 
 French bishops. 
 
 monsieur (mo-sye'), n. [pi. mes- 
 sieurs (me-sye')], a French title of 
 courtesy, equivalent to Sir or Mr. ; 
 formerly the title of the eldest 
 brother of the King of France. 
 
 monsignore (mon-se-nyo'ra), n. [pi. 
 monsignori ('re)], an ecclesiastical 
 title conferred by the Pope on prel- 
 ates of the papal household, equiva- 
 lent to Lord. 
 
 monsoon (-soon'), n. a periodical 
 wind in the Indian Ocean blowing 
 from the southwest from April to 
 October, and from the southwest 
 during the other part of the year. 
 
 monster ('ster), n. anything out of 
 the usual course of nature ; prodigy ; 
 something greatly deformed; a per- 
 son remarkable for extreme wicked- 
 ness, cruelty, &c. : adj. of unusual 
 size. 
 
 monstrosity (-stros'i-ti), n. [pi. 
 monstrosities (-tiz)], the state or 
 quality of being monstrous ; an un- 
 natural production. 
 
 monstrous ('strus), adj. out of the 
 common course of nature; wonder- 
 ful ; huge ; horrible ; enormous. 
 
 monte (mon'ta), n. a gambling game 
 played with dice or cards by the 
 Spaniards. 
 
 month (munth), n. one of the twelve 
 divisions of the year, either calen- 
 dar or lunar. 
 
 monthly ('li), adj. continued, per- 
 formed, or happening, in a month : 
 adv. once each month : n. a maga- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
zine or periodical published each 
 month. 
 
 monument (nion'u-ment), n. any- 
 thing that perpetuates the memory 
 of a person or event. 
 
 monumental ('al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or serving as, a monument ; last- 
 ing. 
 
 monumentally (-li), adv. by way of 
 a monument or memorial. 
 
 moo (moo), v.i. to make the noise of 
 a cow ; low : n. the lowing of a cow. 
 
 mood ( mood ) , n. style ; manner ; 
 temper of mind ; variation in the 
 form of a verb to express the man- 
 ner of action or being; in logic, the 
 form of a syllogism with regard to 
 the quantity and quality of the three 
 propositions by which it is formed ; 
 in music, the same as mode. 
 
 moodily ('i-li), adv. in a moody man- 
 ner. 
 
 moodiness (-nes), n. moody disposi- 
 tion. 
 
 moody ('i), adj. [comp. moodier, 
 superl. moodiest ] , abstracted and pen- 
 sive ; out of temper ; sad ; gloomy. 
 
 moon (moon), n. the satellite that re- 
 volves round the earth ; satellite of 
 a planet ; a month ; a crescent- 
 shaped outwork : v.i. to wander and 
 look about in an abstracted and list- 
 less manner. 
 
 moonsail ('sal), n. a sail carried 
 above a skysail. Also moonraker. 
 
 moonshine ('shin), n. moonlight; 
 show without reality ; smuggled 
 spirits. 
 
 moonshiner (-er), n. a distiller of 
 illicit whisky ; a smuggler of whisky. 
 
 moonstone ('ston), n. a translucent 
 stone of yellowish or yellow-white 
 color exhibiting beautiful pearly 
 reflections. 
 
 moonstruck ('struk), adj. lunatic. 
 
 moon wort ('wert), n. a fern with 
 crescent-shaped fronds. 
 
 moony ('i), adj. crescent-shaped; 
 weakly sentimental ; intoxicated. 
 
 Moor (moor), n. one of a dark race 
 dwelling in Barbary in Northern 
 Africa. 
 
 moor (moor), n. an extensive tract 
 of waste land covered with heather, 
 &c, sometimes marshy or peaty : v.t. 
 to secure (a ship) by a cable and 
 
 anchor : v.i. to be secured by a cable 
 and anchor. 
 
 moorage ('aj), n. a mooring place. 
 
 moor-cock ('kok), n. the male of the 
 red grouse. Also moor-fowl. 
 
 mooring ('ing), n. the act of secur- 
 ing a vessel to a particular place ; 
 the cables, anchors, &c, laid at the 
 bottom of a harbor, &c, to which a 
 vessel is moored : pi. the place where 
 a vessel is moored. 
 
 moorstone ('ston), n. a variety of 
 Cornish granite, used for building. 
 
 moose (moos), n. a large North 
 American deer resembling the Euro- 
 pean elk. 
 
 moot (moot), v.t. to propose for dis- 
 cussion : v.i. to argue or plead on 
 a supposed case : n. a discussion on 
 a supposed case : adj. subject or 
 open for discussion or debate. 
 
 mop (mop), n. an instrument for 
 washing floors, decks, &c, consist- 
 ing of a bundle of cloth, rags, &c, 
 fastened to the end of a long handle ; 
 a fair at which servants are hired : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. mopped, p.pr. mop- 
 ping], to rub or dry with a mop. 
 
 mope (mop), v.i. to be silent, dull 
 or dispirited. 
 
 moquette (mo-kef), n. a Brussels or 
 tapestry carpet with a short velvety 
 pile. 
 
 mora (mo'ra), n. a South American 
 tree the wood of which is used for 
 shipbuilding and furniture, and its 
 bark for tanning; an Italian game 
 of guess played with the fingers. 
 
 moraine (mo-ran'), n. sl line of rocks 
 and gravel at the edges and base of 
 glaciers. 
 
 moral (mor'al), adj. pertaining to 
 morality or morals ; conformed to 
 right ; subject to, or influenced by, 
 the moral law ; virtuous ; practical- 
 ly sufficient ; serving to teach a 
 moral : n. inner meaning : pi. moral 
 philosophy or ethics ; conduct of life ; 
 behavior. 
 
 morale (mo-ral'), n. moral condi- 
 tion ; that mental state which ren- 
 ders a man capable of endurance and 
 of exhibiting courage in the pres- 
 ence of danger. 
 
 moralize (mor'al-iz), v.t. to apply or 
 explain in a moral sense ; render 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, *7&en. 
 
mor 
 
 moral : v.i. to make reflections on 
 good or evil. 
 
 moralist (mor'a-list), n. one who 
 moralizes ; one who teaches or prac- 
 tices the duties of life. 
 
 morality (mo-ral'i-ti), n. [pi. moral- 
 ities (-tiz)], the doctrine or prac- 
 tice of the duties of life ; ethics ; vir- 
 tue ; formerly a kind of allegorical 
 play. 
 
 morally (mor'al-i), adv. according to 
 the rules of morality ; ethically ; vir- 
 tuously ; practically. 
 
 moral philosophy (fil-os'o-fi), n. 
 ethics. 
 
 morass (mo-ras'), n. a swamp; fen. 
 
 Moravian (-ra'vi-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Moravia, or to a Protestant 
 sect, the Moravians or United Breth- 
 ren. 
 
 morbid (mor'bid), adj. pertaining to 
 disease ; sickly ; unhealthy. 
 
 morbidity (-bid'i-ti), n. a morbid 
 state. 
 
 morbific (-bif'ik), adj. producing dis- 
 ease. 
 
 morceau (-so'), n. a small piece 
 [French]. 
 
 mordant ('dant), adj. biting into or 
 fixing colors ; sarcastic ; caustic : n. 
 a substance that has a chemical af- 
 finity for coloring matter, and serves 
 to fix certain colors in dyeing ; a 
 substance to make gold-leaf adhere. 
 
 more (mor), ad/, [comp. of many and 
 much, superl. most], greater in num- 
 ber, quality, extent, number, &c. ; 
 additional ; longer : adv. to a greater 
 degree, &c. ; again ; besides : n. a 
 greater quantity, number, &c. ; 
 something further or additional. 
 
 moreen (mo-ren'), n. a stout woolen 
 embossed or figured fabric. 
 
 morel (mor'el), n. a small fungus 
 used for food and flavoring. Also 
 moril. 
 
 morello (mo-rel'6), n. a dark-red 
 cherry : used for making cherry- 
 brandy. 
 
 moreover (mor-6'ver), adv. besides; 
 further. 
 
 Moresque (mo-resk'), adj. Moorish 
 or Arabesque : n. such decoration or 
 architecture. 
 
 morganatic (mor-ga-nat'ik), adj. 
 noting the marriage of a man of 
 
 royal rank with a woman of infe- 
 rior degree, whose children are legit- 
 imate but cannot inherit their fa- 
 ther's rank or possessions. 
 
 morgue (morg), n. a place where the 
 bodies of persons unknown found 
 dead are exposed for identification. 
 
 moribund (mor'i-bund), adj. dying. 
 
 moringa (mo-ring'ga), n. a highly 
 scented East Indian tree, yielding 
 the ben-nut and ben-oil. 
 
 morion (mo'ri-un), n. an open hel- 
 met without beaver or vizor. 
 
 Morisco (mo-ris'ko), n. a Moor; the 
 Moorish language. 
 
 Mormon (mor'mun), adj. pertaining 
 to a sect founded in 1830 by Joseph 
 Smith, who professed to have found 
 the Book of Mormon. The sect, 
 called also Latter Day Saints, for- 
 merly practiced polygamy, and has 
 its headquarters in Utah, U. S. A. 
 
 Mormonism (-izm), n. the doctrines 
 and practices of the Mormons. 
 
 morning (morn'ing), n. the early- 
 part of the day : Poet, morn : adj. 
 pertaining to, occurring, or per- 
 formed, in the morning. 
 
 morning -watch (woch), n. watch 
 on shipboard from 4 a. m. to 8 a. m. 
 
 morocco (mo-rok'o), n. a fine kind 
 of grained leather of goatskin or 
 sheepskin ; first prepared at Moroc- 
 co, Africa. 
 
 mor one (-ron'), n. a dark crimson 
 color. 
 
 morose (-ros'), adj. sullen; austere; 
 gloomy. 
 
 morosely ('li), adv. in a morose man- 
 ner. 
 
 moroseness ('nes), the quality or 
 state of being morose. 
 
 morphia (mor'fi-a), n. the narcotic 
 principle of opium. Also morphine. 
 
 morphinism ('fin-izm), n. a morbid 
 state occasioned by the excessive 
 use of morphia. 
 
 morphological (-fo-loj'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to morphology. Also 
 morphologic. 
 
 morphology (-fol'o-ji), n. the science 
 of the forms in the organisms of 
 animals and plants. 
 
 morris (mor'is), n. a Moorish dance 
 with tambourines, bells, castanets, 
 &c, common in Old English pa- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ' boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
mot 
 
 geants and revels ; an old game 
 played with men and counters on 
 squares. Also morrice. 
 
 morrow ('6), n. the next day. 
 
 morse (mors), n. the walrus; a clasp 
 for fastening a cope. 
 
 morsel (mSr'sel), n. a small piece. 
 
 mort (mort), n. a salmon in its third 
 year ; a note or notes sounded on a 
 hunting horn to notify the death of 
 game. 
 
 mortal (mor'tal), adj. subject to 
 death ; causing death ; fatal ; pun- 
 ishable with death ; violent ; ex- 
 treme ; tedious ; pertaining to human 
 beings : n. a human being ; man, as 
 subject to death. 
 
 mortality (tal'i-ti), n. the condition 
 of being mortal ; mankind ; fre- 
 quency or number of deaths in ratio 
 to population. 
 
 mortally ('tal-li), adv. so as to cause 
 death ; fatally ; extremely. 
 
 mortar ('ter), n. a vessel in which 
 substances are pounded with a pes- 
 tle ; a short piece of ordnance used 
 for throwing shells at high angles 
 of elevation ; a building cement of 
 1'me, sand, and water : v.t. to plaster 
 o. secure with mortar. 
 
 mortgage (mor'gaj), n. a deed con- 
 veying property to a creditor as se- 
 curity for the payment of a debt ; 
 the deed by which such conveyance 
 is made : v.t . to convey or make over 
 to a creditor as security ; pledge. 
 
 mortgagee (-ga-je'), w. the person to 
 whom a mortgage is made or given. 
 
 mortgager ('ga-jer), n. the person 
 who grants a mortgage. Also mort- 
 gagor. 
 
 mortification (-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the act of mortifying ; gangrene ; 
 subjugation of the passions and ap- 
 petites by abstinence ; humiliation ; 
 vexation ; chagrin. 
 
 mortify ('ti-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. mor- 
 tified, p.pr. mortifying], to destroy 
 the vital functions of ; produce gan- 
 grene in ; subdue by penance or aus- 
 terities ; humble ; depress ; chagrin : 
 v.i. to be subdued ; practice austeri- 
 ties ; become gangrenous. 
 
 mortifying (-ing), adj. tending to 
 mortify ; humiliating ; vexatious. 
 
 mortise ('tis), n. a hole made in 
 
 wood to receive a tenon : v.t. to cut 
 or make a mortise in. 
 
 mortmain ('man), n. alienation of 
 lands or tenements to any corporate 
 body. 
 
 mortuary ('u-a-ri), n. [pi. mortu- 
 aries (-riz)], a building for the 
 dead pending burial : adj. pertain- 
 ing to the burial of the dead. 
 
 Mosaic (mo-za'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 Moses, to the Law, institutions, &c, 
 given through him, or to his writ- 
 ings. 
 
 mosaic (-za'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or consisting of, mosaic work : n. a 
 design, or form of artistic work, 
 formed by the union of very minute 
 pieces of glass, stone, &c, of various 
 colors, inlaid in a ground of stucco 
 or metal. 
 
 Moselle (mo-zel'), n. a light white 
 wine. 
 
 Moslem (mos'lem), adj. pertaining 
 to Mohammedans: n. a Mohamme- 
 dan or Mussulman. 
 
 mosque (mosk), n. a Mohammedan 
 temple. 
 
 mosquito (mus-ke'to), n. an insect 
 of the genus Culex, the females of 
 which puncture the skin of men and 
 animals, causing great cutaneous ir- 
 ritation and pain. 
 
 moss (mos), n. soft peaty moorland; 
 a natural order of cryptogamous 
 bog plants, the musci, with simple 
 narrow leaves and of cellular struc- 
 ture ; a lichen. 
 
 moss-rose ('roz), n. a fragrant va- 
 riety of rose with a moss-like calyx. 
 
 most (most), adj. [superl. of. more], 
 greatest in number, quantity, or de- 
 gree : n. the greatest number, part, 
 quantity, or value. 
 
 mot (mo) , n. a witty saying [French]. 
 
 mote (mot), n. a popular assembly 
 for the discussion and management 
 of affairs ; a very small particle. 
 
 motet (mo-tet'), n. a short vocal 
 composition of a sacred character; 
 anthem. 
 
 moth (m6th), n. a lepidopterous in- 
 sect or its larvae, which feed upon 
 cloth, fur, &c. ; anything that grad- 
 ually gnaws away. 
 
 mother (mutt'er), n. female parent, 
 especially one of the human race; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; mS, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
mot 
 
 one who has given birth to a child ; 
 origin or source ; the female superior 
 of a religious house ; a thick slimy 
 substance or film concreted in liq- 
 uids : adj. native ; producing others : 
 v.t. to adopt as a son or daughter. 
 
 mother-in-law (-in-law), n. the 
 mother of one's husband or wife. 
 
 mother-of-pearl (-perl), n. the 
 hard, silvery internal layer of va- 
 rious kinds of shells. 
 
 motion (mo'shun), n. the act, pro- 
 cess, or state of moving; passage of 
 a body from one place to another ; 
 animal life and action ; impulse, de- 
 sire, or passion ; internal activity ; a 
 propostion made in a deliberative as- 
 sembly ; evacuation of the bowels : 
 v.i. to make a significant movement 
 or gesture. 
 
 motive ('tiv), adj. causing motion; 
 able or tending to move : n. that 
 which moves or excites to action ; 
 inducement ; reason ; stimulus ; in 
 art, leading idea, or conception. 
 
 motive power (pou'er), n. any nat- 
 ural agent, as wind, water, steam, 
 electricity, &c, employed to produce 
 motion in a machine. 
 
 motivity (-tiv'i-ti), n. the power of 
 producing motion. 
 
 motley (mot'li), adj. covered with 
 parts of various colors ; heteroge- 
 neous. 
 
 mot mot ('mot), n. any one of various 
 species of beautiful jay-like South 
 American birds : so named from the 
 note. 
 
 motor (mo'ter), n. a machine trans- 
 mitting power ; a device for trans- 
 forming heat, etc., into mechanical 
 motion : adj. imparting motion. 
 
 motor car (k'ar), n. a vehicle pro- 
 pelled by means of petroleum, elec- 
 tricity, &c. 
 
 motorcycle (-si-kl ) , n. a bicycle pro- 
 pelled by a motor. 
 
 motoritis (-I'tis), n. a supposed 
 harmful effect of rapid riding on 
 motorists. 
 
 mo tor man (-man), n. one who oper- 
 ates a motor car. 
 
 mottle (mot'l), v.t. to mark with 
 spots of various colors ; variegate. 
 
 motto ('o), n. [pi. mottoes ('oz)], 
 a concise sentence added to a device, 
 
 or prefixed to anything, suggesting 
 some guiding principle, &c. 
 
 mouflon (moof'lon) , n. the wild large- 
 horned sheep of Corsica and Sar- 
 dinia. Also moufflon. 
 
 moujik (moo-zhek'), n. a Russian 
 peasant. 
 
 mould, see mold. 
 
 moulin (moo-lang'), n. a deep crack 
 intersecting a glacial rivulet 
 [French]. 
 
 moulinage ('lin-aj), n. the process of 
 reeling off silk in its raw state and 
 dressing it prior to dyeing. 
 
 moulinet ('li-net), n. a kind of turn- 
 stile ; the drum or capstan of a ma- 
 chine for hoisting. 
 
 moult, see molt. 
 
 mound (mound), n. an artificial bank 
 of earth or stone, originally for de- 
 fensive purposes ; hillock ; a small 
 globe surmounted by a cross, sym- 
 bolical of empire : v.t. to furnish, or 
 fortify, with a mound. 
 
 Mound Builders (bil'derz,) n.pl. a 
 prehistoric race formerly dwelling in 
 the valley of the Mississippi, who 
 erected large earthen mounds, &c. 
 
 mount (mount), n. a hill or moun- 
 tain ; a rocky mass or elevation ris- 
 ing above the level of the surround- 
 ing land ; a mound for defense or at- 
 tack ; rampart ; cardboard on which 
 a drawing is fixed : v.t. to raise on 
 high ; climb ; ascend ; bestride ; fur- 
 nish with horses ; prepare for use by 
 fixing on, or in, something else : v.i. 
 to rise up ; project ; tower ; get on 
 horseback. 
 
 mountain ('in), n. a large mass of 
 rock or earth rising above the level 
 of the adjacent country ; usually 
 over 2,000 feet ; anything very large. 
 
 mountaineer (-er'), n. one who 
 dwells among, or climbs, mountains : 
 v.i. to climb mountains. 
 
 mountainous (-us), adj. full of, or 
 resembling, mountains. 
 
 mountebank ('e-bank), n. a quack- 
 doctor ; boastful pretender. 
 
 mounted ('ed), p. adj. seated or serv- 
 ing on horseback ; placed on a suit- 
 able support. 
 
 mounting ('ing), 11. the act of mount- 
 ing, embellishing, or equipping. 
 
 mourn (morn),) v.i. to grieve; la- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
mud 
 
 ment ; be sorrowful ; wear mourn- 
 ing : v.t. to grieve for ; bewail. 
 
 mourner ('er), n. one who mourns; 
 one who attends a funeral. 
 
 mournful ('fool), adj. causing, or 
 expressing, sorrow ; doleful ; sad. 
 
 mournfully ('li), adv. in a mournful 
 manner. 
 
 mourning ('ing), n. expression of 
 grief; lamenting; the dress of a 
 mourner. 
 
 mouse (mous), n. [pi. mice (mis)], 
 a small rodent of the genus Mus, 
 that infests houses, granaries, &c. : 
 v.i. (mouz) to watch for, or catch, 
 mice ; watch for something in a sly 
 manner ; pry curiously : v.t. to tear, 
 as a cat tears a mouse. 
 
 mousseline-de-laine (moo-se-len- 
 de-lan'), n. a very light textured 
 woolen dress material. 
 
 moustache, see mustache. 
 
 mouth (mouth), n. the opening in 
 the head of an animal by which it 
 receives food and utters sounds ; en- 
 trance or opening; exit; instrument 
 of speaking; grimace: v.t. (mout/i) 
 to utter with an affected swelling or 
 pompous voice : v.i. make grimaces. 
 
 mouthful ('fool), n. [pi. mouthfuls 
 (-foolz)], as much as can be put 
 into the mouth at one time; small 
 quantity. 
 
 mouthpiece ('pes), n. that part of 
 an instrument which is held in or 
 applied to the mouth ; a spokesman. 
 
 movability (moov-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being movable. 
 
 movable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing moved or conveyed; changing 
 from one time to another : n.pl. 
 goods, wares, or furniture. 
 
 movable feasts (fests), n.pl. certain 
 Church festivals, the date of which 
 is determined by Easter. 
 
 movably (-bli), adv. so as to be 
 moved. 
 
 move (moov), v.t. to cause to change 
 place or position ; impel ; set in mo- 
 tion ; rouse to action ; influence ; 
 propose formally : v.i. to change 
 place or position ; go from place to 
 place ; stir ; take action ; change res- 
 idence : n. the act of moving ; right 
 to move; movement; artifice or 
 scheme. 
 
 movement ('ment), n. the act or 
 manner of moving ; change of place 
 or position ; motion ; excitement ; 
 emotion ; agitation ; the going mech- 
 anism of a watch or clock ; any 
 single part in a musical composition. 
 
 moving ('ing), p. adj. causing motion, 
 or change of position ; stirring the 
 passions or affections ; pathetic : n. 
 the act of changing one's residence. 
 
 mow (mo), v.t. [p.t. mowed, p.p. 
 mowed, mown, p.pr. mowing], to cut 
 down with, or as with, a scythe : v.i. 
 to cut grass with a scythe. 
 
 mow (mou), n. a heap of hay, &c, 
 stowed in a barn ; the compartment 
 in a barn where hay, etc., are 
 stored : v.t. to stow in a mow. 
 
 mowing (mo'ing), n. the act of cut- 
 ting grass with a scythe; meadow 
 land. 
 
 mown, p.p. of mow. 
 
 much (much), adj. [comparative 
 more, superlative most], great in 
 quantity or amount ; long in dura- 
 tion ; many in number : adv. to a 
 great degree or extent ; often or 
 long ; nearly : n. a great quantity ; 
 something considerable or unusual. 
 
 mucilage (mu'si-laj), n. a gummy or 
 gelatinous substance ; gum of plants. 
 
 mucilaginous (-laj'i-nus), adj. per- 
 taining to, resembling, or secreting, 
 mucilage or gum. 
 
 muck (muk), n. moist dung; any- 
 thing filthy or vile: v.t. to manure 
 with dung. 
 
 muckiness ('i-nes), n. the quality or 
 state of being mucky. 
 
 muckworm ('werm), n. a grub or 
 larva bred in manure ; a miser. 
 
 mucky ('i), adj. consisting of muck; 
 miry ; nasty ; filthy. 
 
 mucous (mu'kus), adj. pertaining to, 
 resembling, or secreting, mucus ; vis- 
 cous or slimy. 
 
 mucous membrane (mem'bran), n. 
 the moist, glandular lining of the 
 cavities and canals of the human 
 body. 
 
 mucus ('kus), n. the viscid fluid se- 
 creted by the mucous membrane ; a 
 gummy or slimy substance found in 
 certain plants. 
 
 mud (mud), n. soft wet earth; mire. 
 
 muddle ('!), v.t. to make a mess of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
muf 
 
 or confuse ; cloud or stupefy ; make 
 partially drunk ; squander : n. a con- 
 fused state ; intellectual dulness or 
 bewilderment. 
 
 muff (muf), n. a warm soft cylindri- 
 cal cover of fur, &c, to keep the 
 hands warm in cold weather ; a 
 stupid, spiritless fellow ; failure to 
 hold a ball when catching it : v.t. to 
 handle awkwardly ; fail to hold (a 
 ball) when catching it. 
 
 muffetee (-e-te'), n. a fur or worsted 
 wristband. 
 
 muffin ('in), n. a soft light spongy 
 round cake. 
 
 muffle ('1), v.t. to wrap up closely 
 and warmly ; cover or conceal the 
 face of; cover up so as to deaden 
 sound : v.i. to speak indistinctly : n. 
 a semi-cylindrical earthenware oven 
 used in assaying metals. 
 
 muffler ('ler), n. a wrapper. 
 
 mufti ('ti), n. [pi. muftis ('tiz), n. 
 a doctor or official expounder of Mo- 
 hammedan law ; civilian dress worn 
 by a naval or military officer when 
 off duty. 
 
 mug (mug), n. an earthenware or 
 metallic drinking vessel ; the face. 
 
 mugginess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being muggy. 
 
 muggy C'i), adj. warm, damp, and 
 close ; moldy. 
 
 mugwump ('wump), n. an independ- 
 ent member of the Republican party. 
 
 Muhammedan, same as Mohamme- 
 dan. 
 
 mulatto (mu-lat'o), n. [pi. mulattoes 
 ( 'oz ) ] , the offspring of negro and 
 white parents. Feminine mulat- 
 tress. 
 
 mulberry (mul'ber-i), n. [pi. mul- 
 berries (-iz)], the tree or fruit of 
 the genus Morus ; dark purple. 
 
 mulch (mulch), n. half rotten straw, 
 litter, &c, used to protect the roots 
 of trees, plants, &c. : v.t. to cover, or 
 protect, with mulch. 
 
 mulct (mulkt), v.t. to punish with a 
 fine : n. a fine, especially for some 
 misdemeanor. 
 
 mule (mul), n. the offspring of a 
 male ass and a mare ; a stubborn 
 obstinate person ; a machine for 
 spinning cotton, &c. 
 
 muleteer (-e-ter'), n. a mule driver. 
 
 mul 
 
 mulish (mul'ish), adj. like a mule; 
 stubborn. 
 
 mull (mul), n. a headland or cape; a 
 snuff-box made of the end of a horn ; 
 a very thin soft kind of muslin ; an 
 inferior kind of madder; dust or 
 rubbish ; failure : v.t. to warm, spice, 
 and sweeten (wine, ale, &c). 
 
 mullein (mul'in), n. sl coarse her- 
 baceous plant. 
 
 muller ('er), n. a flat-bottomed pestle 
 used for grinding pigments or drugs. 
 
 mullet ('et), an edible marine fish, 
 much esteemed for the table. 
 
 mullion ('yun), n. an upright bar or 
 division between the lights of win- 
 dows, screens, &c, in a Gothic arch : 
 v.t. to furnish with, or divide by, 
 mullions. 
 
 mulse (muls), n. wine boiled and 
 mixed with honey. 
 
 mult, multi, prefixes meaning many : 
 as, mw^angular, having many an- 
 gles, multiflorous, having many flow- 
 ers. 
 
 multiple (mul'ti-pl), adj. consisting 
 of many parts ; repeated many times : 
 n. a number or quantity which con- 
 tains another an exact number of 
 times without a remainder. 
 
 multiplex ('ti-pleks), adj. manifold. 
 
 multiplicand (-pli-kand'), n. the 
 number or quantity to be multiplied. 
 
 multiplicate ('ti-pli-kat), adj. con- 
 sisting of many. 
 
 multiplication (-ka'shun), n. the 
 act or process of multiplying; rule 
 or operation by which any given 
 number or quantity is multiplied. 
 
 multiplicity (-plis'i-ti), n. the state 
 of being manifold ; a great number. 
 
 multiplier ('ti-pli-er), n. one who, or 
 that which multiplies or increases ; 
 the number or quantity by which an- 
 other is multiplied. 
 
 multiply ('ti-pli), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 multiplied, p.pr. multiplying], to 
 cause to increase in number; make 
 more by natural generation, produc- 
 tion, or addition; repeat (any given 
 number or quantity) as often as 
 there are units in another number 
 or quantity : v.i. to increase in num- 
 ber or extent. 
 
 multitude ('ti-tud), n. a great num- 
 
 3 te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
mill 
 
 ber ; crowd ; assembly ; populace 
 (with the). 
 
 multitudinous (-tu'di-nus) , adj. per- 
 taining to, or consisting of, a multi- 
 tude ; numerous. 
 
 niultum ('turn), n. a mixture of the 
 extracts of quassia and liquorice used 
 for adulterating beer. 
 
 mum (mum), adj. silent: n. silence; 
 a kind of strong ale : inter j. be si- 
 lent ! 
 
 mumble ('bl), v.t. & v.i. to mutter or 
 speak indistinctly ; chew gently with 
 closed lips. 
 
 mumbo- jumbo ('bo-jum'bo), n. sl 
 West African idol or object of su- 
 perstitious reverence or dread ; vul- 
 gar bugbear. 
 
 mumm (mum), v.i. to mask or dis- 
 guise one's self for sport. 
 
 mummer ('er), n. one who makes 
 sport in disguise ; a masker ; actor. 
 
 mummery ('er-i), n. masquerading; 
 buffoonery ; hypocritical parade or 
 disguise. 
 
 mummiform ('i-form), adj. like a 
 mummy. 
 
 mummy ('i), n. [pi. mummies ('iz)], 
 a dead body embalmed after the 
 manner of the ancient Egyptians ; a 
 kind of wax used in grafting trees ; 
 a rich brown color from bitumen. 
 
 mump (mump) , v.i. & v.t. to move the 
 lips with the mouth nearly closed ; 
 nibble ; cheat ; whine or sulk ; play 
 the beggar ; to mutter ; impose upon. 
 
 mumper ('er), n. a begging impostor. 
 
 mumps ('s), n. a contagious febrile 
 disease characterized by the swelling 
 of the glands of the neck: pi. the 
 sulks. 
 
 mumpish ('ish), adj. sulky. 
 
 munch (munch), v.t. & v.i. to chew 
 with an audible crunching noise. 
 
 mundane (mun'dan), adj. pertaining 
 to the world. 
 
 mundil ('dil), n. a richly embroid- 
 ered turban. 
 
 mungoos (mung'goos), n. an ichneu- 
 mon that preys on snakes. Also 
 mongoos. 
 
 municipal (mu-nis'i-pal), adj. per- 
 taining to a city, corporation, state, 
 or local self-government. 
 
 municipal law (law), n. the com- 
 mon law of a city or country. 
 
 municipality ('i-ti), n. [pi. munici- 
 palities (-tiz)], a corporate town or 
 city ; a division of the country 
 [France]. 
 
 municipally ('i-pal-i), adv. in a mu- 
 nicipal manner. 
 
 munificence (nif'i-sens), n. the qual- 
 ity or state of being munificent ; lib- 
 erality. 
 
 munificent ('i-sent), adj. character- 
 ized by great liberality in giving ; 
 bountiful. 
 
 muniment (mu'ni-ment) , n. a strong- 
 hold or fortification ; a legal record 
 defending a title ; title-deed or char- 
 ter. 
 
 munitions (-nish'unz), n.pl. military 
 stores or material. 
 
 mural ('ral), adj. pertaining to, 
 growing on, or resembling, a wall. 
 
 murder (mer'der), n. homicide with 
 malice aforethought : v.t. to kill with 
 premeditated malice ; mangle ; mar 
 or ruin. 
 
 murderer (-er), n. one who is guilty 
 of murder. Feminine murderess. 
 
 murderous (-us), adj. pertaining to, 
 guilty of, or attended with, murder. 
 
 muriate (mu'ri-at), n. a salt of muri- 
 atic acid. 
 
 muriatic (-at'ik), adj. derived from 
 sea salt. 
 
 murine ('rin), adj. pertaining to a 
 mouse or mice. 
 
 murk (merk), n. darkness. 
 
 murkiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being murky. 
 
 murkily ('i-li), adv. darkly. 
 
 murky ( 'i ) , adj. dark ; gloomy ; ob- 
 scure. 
 
 murmur (mer'mer), n. a low indis- 
 tinct sound, as of a running stream ; 
 a complaint in a low muttering 
 tone : v.i. to make a low continued 
 noise like the hum of bees ; mutter 
 in discontent ; grumble. 
 
 murra ('a), n. a delicate kind of 
 handsome ancient ware made of 
 fluor-spar. 
 
 murrain (mur'an), n. an infectious 
 and fatal disease among cattle. 
 
 murrey ('i), n. dark red. 
 
 muscardine (mus'kar-din) : n. a 
 fungus which causes fatal disease in 
 silk-worms. 
 
 muscatel ('ka-tel), n. a variety of 
 
 ite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rich wine ; the grapes which produce 
 it ; a sweet fragrant pear. Musca- 
 del, muscadine. 
 
 muscle ('1), n. a highly contractile 
 organ of fibrous tissue by which 
 movement in an animal body is ef- 
 fected ; muscular strength. 
 
 muscled ('Id), adj. having muscles. 
 
 Muscovite ('ko-vlt), n. a Russian. 
 
 muscovy duck (-vi duk), n. a large 
 duck of tropical America. 
 
 muscular ('ku-lar), adj. pertaining 
 to, consisting of, or performed by, 
 muscles ; strong ; vigorous ; brawny. 
 
 muscularity (-lar'i-ti), n. the qual- 
 ity or state of being muscular. 
 
 Muse (muz), n. any one of the nine 
 classical goddesses who presided each 
 over one of the nine liberal arts. 
 
 muse (muz), v.i. to study in silence; 
 meditate ; be absent-minded : v.t. to 
 meditate on. 
 
 musette (mu-zef), n. a small bag- 
 pipe; a soft melodious air. 
 
 museum (-ze'um), n. a collection of 
 natural, scientific, or literary curi- 
 osities, or of works of art ; the 
 building containing such a collection. 
 
 mush (mush), n. boiled Indian maize 
 meal. 
 
 mushroom ('room), n. an edible fun- 
 gus Agaricus campestris, or similar 
 edible fungi ; an upstart : adj. made 
 from, or resembling mushrooms ; up- 
 start ; ephemeral. 
 
 music (mu'zik), n. the art or science 
 of harmonic sounds ; harmony or 
 melody ; musical score or composi- 
 tion. 
 
 musical ('zi-kal), adj. pertaining to, 
 producing, or consisting of, music ; 
 harmonious ; melodious. 
 
 musicale (-zi-kal'), n. a social mu- 
 sical party. 
 
 musically (-li), adv. in a musical 
 manner. 
 
 musicaluess (-nes), n. musical qual- 
 ity. 
 
 musician (-zish'an), n. one skilled in 
 the science of music ; one who sings, 
 or plays oil a musical instrument. 
 
 musing (muz'ing), n. meditation: 
 adj. meditative. 
 
 musk (musk), n. a strong-scented 
 substance obtained from the male 
 
 musk-deer; a small plant with a 
 musk-scented perfume. 
 
 musk-deer ('der), n. a small horn- 
 less deer which yields musk. 
 
 musk-duck- ('duk), n. the Muscovy 
 duck ; an Australian duck. 
 
 musket (mus'ket), n. the firearm for- 
 merly used by infantry. 
 
 musketeer (-er'), n. a soldier armed 
 with a musket. 
 
 musketoon (-oon'), n. a short mus- 
 ket. 
 
 musketry (-ri), n. firearm practice. 
 
 musk-ox musk'oks), n. an Arctic 
 bovine animal. 
 
 muskrat (musk'rat), n. an aquatic 
 rodent of North America which 
 emits a musky secretion. Also musk- 
 beaver, musquash. 
 
 muslin (muz'lin), n. a fine thin cot- 
 ton cloth or fabric : adj. made of 
 muslin. 
 
 muslinet (-ef), n. a, coarse muslin. 
 
 musquash, same as muskrat. 
 
 musquito, same as mosquito. 
 
 muss (mus), n. a confused struggle; 
 disorder : v.t. to disorder, as cloth- 
 ing. 
 
 mussel ('el), n. a marine edible bi- 
 valve. 
 
 Mussulman ('ul-man), n. [pi. Mus- 
 sulmans (-manz)], a Mohammedan, 
 or Moslem. 
 
 mussy (mus'i), adj. disordered. 
 
 must (must), n. unfermented ex- 
 pressed grape juice : v.t. to make 
 moldy and sour : v.i. to be obliged 
 morally or physically. 
 
 mustache (mus-tash'), n. hair worn 
 on a man's upper lip. Also mous- 
 tache. 
 
 mustang ('tang), n. the small, hardy, 
 semi-wild horse of the prairies. 
 
 mustard ('terd), n. a plant and its 
 seed of the genus Sinapis ; a condi- 
 ment made from the ground seed. 
 
 mustee (-te'), n. the offspring of a 
 white and a quadroon. 
 
 muster ('ter), n. an assembly of 
 troops for review or active service; 
 register of troops mustered ; assem- 
 blage ; collection : v.t. to assemble, as 
 troops for review or active service : 
 v.i. to meet in one place. 
 
 mustily ('ti-li), adv. in a musty con- 
 dition. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
myr 
 
 mustiness (-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing musty. 
 
 musty ('ti), adj. [comp. mustier, su- 
 perl. mustiest], spoiled with damp, 
 mold, or age ; spiritless ; antiquated. 
 
 mutability (mu-ta-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being subject to change ; 
 instability. 
 
 mutable ('ta-bl), adj. susceptible of 
 change. 
 
 mutableuess (-nes), n. the quality 
 or state of being mutable. 
 
 mutably (-bli), adv. in a mutable 
 manner. 
 
 mutation (mu-ta'shun), n. altera- 
 tion ; change. 
 
 mute (mut), adj. silent; dumb; not 
 pronounced or sounded : n. one who 
 is dumb or remains silent ; an under- 
 taker's assistant who stands before 
 the door of a house at a funeral ; a 
 consonant which is not pronounced, 
 or intercepts the sound ; a contriv- 
 ance to deaden or soften the sound 
 of a musical instrument. 
 
 mutely ('10, adv. silently. 
 
 muteness ('nes), n. the quality or 
 state of being mute. 
 
 mutilate (mu'ti-lat), v.t. to cut off a 
 limb or essential part of ; render im- 
 perfect ; maim. 
 
 mutilation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
 mutilating. 
 
 mutilator ('ti-la-ter), n. one who 
 mutilates. 
 
 mutineer (-ti-ner'), n. one who is 
 guilty of mutiny : v.i. to mutiny. 
 
 mutinous ('ti-nus), adj. disposed to, 
 or guilty of, mutiny ; seditious. 
 
 mutiny ('ti-ni), n. insurrection 
 against, or forcible resistance to, 
 constituted'' authority, especially of 
 soldiers or sailors against their offi- 
 cers : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. mutinied, p.pr. 
 mutinying], to rise against consti- 
 tuted authority. 
 
 mutism ('tizm), n. the state or habit 
 of being mute. 
 
 mutoscope ( mu'to-skop ) , n. a form 
 of kinetoscope, worked by hand. 
 
 mutter (mut'er), v.i. to utter words 
 in a low voice with compressed lips ; 
 murmur : v.t. to utter indistinctly : 
 n. indistinct utterance ; murmur. 
 
 mutton ('n), n. the flesh of sheep. 
 
 mutual (mu'tu-al), adj. reciprocal. 
 
 mutually (-li), adv. reciprocally. 
 
 mutuality (-al'i-ti), n. reciprocation. 
 
 mutualism (-izm), n. the ethical doc- 
 trine of mutual dependence in social 
 development. 
 
 muzzle (muz'l), n. the projecting 
 mouth, lips, and nose of an animal ; 
 snout ; the mouth of a gun, &c. ; a 
 fastening or cover for the mouth of 
 a dog, &c, to prevent biting : v.t. to 
 secure the mouth of with a muzzle. 
 
 muzzy ( 'i ) , adj. absent-minded ; mud- 
 dled. 
 
 my (mi), poss. pron. belonging to me. 
 
 myalgia (-al'ji-a), n. stiffness or 
 cramp in the voluntary muscles. 
 
 mycoderm ('ko-derm), n. a cryto- 
 gamic plant which forms on the sur- 
 face of fermenting liquids. 
 
 mycology (-kol'o-ji), n. the branch 
 of botany that treats of fungi or 
 mushrooms. 
 
 myelitis (-el-i'tis), n. inflammation 
 of the spinal cord. - 
 
 mylodon (mi'16-don), n. a huge ex- 
 tinct fossil edentate animal. 
 
 mynheer (min-har'), n. sir [Dutch] ; 
 a Dutchman. 
 
 myo, a prefix meaning muscle, as myo~ 
 dynamics, the science of muscular 
 action. 
 
 myology (mT-ol'o-ji), n. a description 
 of the muscles. 
 
 myopia (-o'pi-a), n. short-sighted- 
 ness. 
 
 myriad (mir'i-ad), n. the number of 
 10,000 ; a very large number : adj. 
 innumerable. 
 
 myriagram, myriagr amme ( 'i-a- 
 gram), n. in the metric system, 
 10,000 grams. 
 
 myrialiter, myrialitre (-le-ter), n. 
 in the metric system, 10,000 liters. 
 
 myriameter, myriametre (-me- 
 ter), n. in the metric system 10,000 
 meters. 
 
 myriare ('i-ar), n. in the metric sys- 
 tem, 10,000 ares. 
 
 Myrmidon ('mi-don), n. one of a 
 tribe of Thracian warriors who ac- 
 companied Achilles to the Trojan 
 war. 
 
 myrmidon, n. a brutal or unprinci- 
 pled follower or subordinate. 
 
 myrrh (mer),w. the aromatic gummy 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. . 
 
myr 
 
 resin of Balsamodendron myrrha, 
 growing in Arabia and Abyssinia. 
 
 myrtle (mer'tl), n. a fragrant ever- 
 green shrub of the genus Myrtus. 
 
 myself (mi-self), pron. [pi. ourselves 
 (our-selvz') ], I or me in person : 
 used emphatically or reflexively. 
 
 mystagogue (mis'ta-gog), n. an ini- 
 tiator into, or interpreter of, mys- 
 teries ; in the Roman Catholic 
 Church, one who keeps and exhibits 
 relics. 
 
 mysterious (-te'ri-us), adj. not clear 
 to the understanding ; obscure ; in- 
 comprehensible. 
 
 mystery ('ter-i), n. [pi. mysteries 
 (-iz)], something secret, obscure, or 
 unexplained ; that which is beyond 
 human comprehension ; formerly a 
 trade or handicraft : pi. among the 
 ancients, sacred rites and ceremonies 
 to which the initiated only were ad- 
 mitted ; religious dramas or miracle 
 plays. 
 
 mystic ('tik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 containing, mystery or mysticism ; 
 allegorical ; emblematical ; obscure ; 
 occult. Also mystical : n. a believer 
 in mysticism. 
 
 mystically (-al-li), adv. in a mystic 
 manner. 
 
 mysticism ('ti-sizm), n. the doctrines 
 of the Mystics, who professed a 
 pure, sublime, and disinterested de- 
 votion, and who aspired to a more 
 direct intercourse with God, through 
 the inward perception of the mind, 
 
 than is afforded by revelation ; ob- 
 scurity of thought or teaching. 
 
 mystification, (-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of mystifying ; the state of be- 
 ing mystified. 
 
 mystify ('ti-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. mys- 
 tified, p.pr. mystifying], to involve 
 in mystery ; obscure ; bewilder ; puz- 
 zle. 
 
 myth (mith), n. a legend; poetic fic- 
 tion ; a fabulous narrative founded 
 on some event, especially in the 
 early existence of a people, and em- 
 bodying their ideas as to their own 
 origin, their gods, natural phenom- 
 ena, &c. 
 
 mythic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
 myths. Also mythical. 
 
 mythically (-al-li), adv. in a mythi- 
 cal manner. 
 
 mythological (-o-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to mythology ; mythical. 
 
 mythologically (-li), adv. accord- 
 ing to mythology. 
 
 mythologist (-ol'6-jist), n. a student 
 of, or one skilled in, mythology. 
 
 mythology ('o-ji), n. [pi. mytholo- 
 gies (-jiz)], the collected body or 
 system of the traditions or legends 
 of a people in which are embodied 
 their beliefs concerning their origin, 
 gods, heroes, &c. ; the science of 
 myths ; a treatise on myths. 
 
 myxomycetes (miks-o-mi-se'tez), n. 
 pi. organisms forming a network 
 of creamy filaments on decaying 
 wood, leaves, &c. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
nab (nab), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. nabbed, 
 p.pr. nabbing], to catch or seize 
 unexpectedly. 
 
 nabee (na-be'), n. a powerful poison 
 prepared in the East Indies from 
 the root of Aconitum ferox. 
 
 nabob (na'bob), n. in India, a deputy 
 or administrator under the Mogul 
 Empire ; one who has amassed 
 wealth in India; a very wealthy 
 man. 
 
 nacarat (nak'a-rat), n. a pale red 
 color ; fine linen or crape dyed such 
 color. 
 
 nacre (na'ker), n. mother-of-pearl. 
 
 nacreous ('kre-us), adj. having an 
 iridescent luster ; resembling moth- 
 er-of-pearl. 
 
 nacrite ('krit), n. a mineral with a 
 pearly luster. 
 
 nadir (na'der), n. that part of the 
 heavens directly under our feet, or 
 directly opposite to the zenith. 
 
 naevose ('vos), adj. freckled. 
 
 nsevus (ne'vus), n. a birth-mark. 
 
 nag (nag), n. a small saddle-horse: 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. nagged, p.pr. nag- 
 ging], to scold or find fault with 
 continually : v.i. to find fault con- 
 stantly. 
 
 »aggy (nag'i), adj, disposed to nag. 
 
 nahoor (na-hoor'), n. a species of 
 wild Nepaul sheep. 
 
 Naiad (na'yad), n. a water-nymph. 
 
 naif (na-ef), adj. noting an uncut 
 jewel with a natural luster, as a 
 naif gem. 
 
 nail (nal), n. the horny substance at 
 the ends of the human fingers and 
 toes ; the claws of a bird or other 
 animal; 2^4 inches; a pointed piece 
 
 of metal usually furnished with a 
 head for fastening woodwork, &c. : 
 v.t. to fasten with nails ; to secure 
 or make certain ; to hold down tight- 
 ly, as to an argument ; to expose, 
 as to nail sl lie. 
 
 nainsook (nan'sook), n. sl thick kind 
 of muslin. 
 
 naive (na-ev'), adj. artless; ingenu- 
 ous ; unaffectedly simple. 
 
 naivete (na-ev-ta'), n. natural, un- 
 affected simplicity or ingenuousness. 
 
 naked (na'ked), adj. unclothed; bare; 
 unarmed ; defenseless ; exposed to 
 view ; plain ; without addition or 
 ornament ; without glasses. 
 
 namaycusk (nam'a-kush), n. the 
 great American trout. 
 
 namby-pamby (nam'bi-pam'bi), adj. 
 weakly sentimental or affectedly 
 pretty or fine. 
 
 name (nam), n. that by which a 
 person or thing is called ; designa- 
 tion ; character ; reputation ; fame ; 
 authority : v.t. to give an appella- 
 tion or designation to ; nominate ; 
 specify ; mention by name. 
 
 nameless ('les), adj. without a name; 
 unknown ; not fit to be mentioned. 
 
 namely ('li), adv. that is to say. 
 
 namesake ('sak), n. one having the 
 same name. 
 
 nankeen (nan-ken'), n. a buff-col- 
 pred cotton cloth, originally from ^ 
 China. 
 
 nap (nap), n. a short slumber; doze; 
 a game at cards ; the woolly sub- 
 stance on the surface of cloth ; pile ; 
 downy covering of plants ; top of a 
 hill : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. napped, p.pr. 
 napping], to doze. 
 
 nape (nap), n. the back of the neck. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
nap 
 
 napery (nap'er-i), n. table-linen; 
 linen underclothing. 
 
 naphtha ('tha), n. a clear, volatile, 
 inflammable, bituminous, liquid hy- 
 drocarbon exuding from the earth, 
 or distilled from coal-tar, &c. ; rock- 
 oil. 
 
 naphthalic (-thal'ik), adj. produced 
 from naphtha. 
 
 napkin (nap'kin), n. a small cloth, 
 specifically one used at table for 
 wiping the hands, &c. 
 
 napoleon (na-po'le-on), n. a gold 
 coin formerly current in France, 
 value 20 francs. 
 
 nappy (nap'i), adj. covered with nap 
 or pile ; drowsy. 
 
 narceine (nar'se-in), n. an alkaloid 
 obtained from opium. 
 
 Narcissus (-sis'us), n. a genus of 
 ornamental bulbous plants with 
 handsome fragrant flowers, includ- 
 ing the daffodils. 
 
 narcissus, n. a plant of the genus 
 Narcissus. 
 
 narcosis (-ko'sis), n. stupefaction 
 from the effects of a narcotic. 
 
 narcotic (-kot'ik), adj. producing 
 coma or torpor : n. a medicine to 
 alleviate pain and produce sleep, and 
 in excessive doses causing death. 
 
 narcotine ('ko-tin), n. the active 
 narcotic principle of opium. 
 
 narcotism, same as narcosis. 
 
 nard (nard), n. spikenard; an aro- 
 matic unguent prepared from it. 
 
 nardine ('in), adj. pertaining to, or 
 like, nard. 
 
 narrate ( nar-rat' ) , v.t. to tell ; re- 
 cite ; give an account of ; write, as 
 a story. 
 
 narration (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
 narrating; statement, written or 
 verbal. 
 
 narrative ('ra-tiv), adj. pertaining 
 to narration : n. recital of a story 
 or event ; tale. 
 
 narrator (-ra'ter), n. one who nar- 
 rates. 
 
 narrow (nar'o), adj. Of little breadth 
 or extent ; limited ; straitened ; con- 
 tracted in mind ; bigoted ; ungener- 
 ous ; within a little distance : v.t. to 
 lessen the breadth or extent of ; 
 confine or contract ; restrict : v.i. to 
 become narrow ; not to take ground 
 
 nat 
 
 enough: said of a horse: n.pl. a 
 strait or narrow passage between 
 two seas. 
 
 narwhal (nar'hwal), n. a cetaceous 
 mammal allied to the whale, with a 
 large projecting tusk ; the sea uni- 
 corn. Also narwal, narwhale, nar- 
 val. 
 
 nasal (naz'al), adj. pertaining to, af- 
 fected by, or pronounced through the 
 nose : n. a letter pronounced through 
 the nose. 
 
 nascent (nas'ent), adj. beginning to 
 grow or exist. 
 
 nastily ('ti-li), adv. in a nasty man- 
 ner ; filthily ; disagreeably. 
 
 nastiness (-nes), n. the quality or 
 state of being nasty. 
 
 Nasturtium (-ter'shi-um), n. a ge- 
 nus of plants, including the water- 
 cresses. 
 
 nasturtium, n. a plant of the gera- 
 nium family, having aromatic flow- 
 er-buds. 
 
 nasty ('ti), adj. [comp. nastier, su- 
 perl. nastiest], dirty; nauseous; fil- 
 thy ; obscene ; foul ; serious. 
 
 natal (na'tal), adj. pertaining to 
 one's birth or birthday ; indigenous. 
 
 natant ('tant), adj. swimming; in 
 heraldry, floating on the surface : 
 said of fish. 
 
 natation (-ta'shun), n. the act or 
 art of swimming. 
 
 natatorial (na-ta-to'ri-al), adj, 
 swimming, or adapted for swim- 
 ming. Also natatory. 
 
 nation (na'shun), n. the inhabitants 
 of one country or united under the 
 same government ; people ethnolog- 
 ically or linguistically allied. 
 
 national (nash'un-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a nation ; public ; general ; 
 attached to one's country. 
 
 nationalism (-al-izm), n. the state 
 of being national ; national idiom, 
 characteristic, or independence. 
 
 nationality ('i-ti), n. national char- 
 acter ; patriotism ; nation. 
 
 nationalize (-al-iz), v.t. to render 
 national. 
 
 nationally (-li), adv. as a nation. 
 
 native (na'tiv), adj. pertaining to 
 the time and place of birth; pro- 
 duced by nature ; not acquired ; in- 
 nate : n. one who is born in a cer- 
 
 ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
nat 
 
 nav 
 
 tain country or place ; an oyster cul- 
 tivated artificially. 
 
 nativism (-izm), n. in philosophy, 
 the doctrine of innate ideas ; the ad- 
 vocacy of the claim of natives, as 
 opposed to that of naturalized citi- 
 zens. 
 
 nativity (-tiv'i-ti), n. time, place, 
 and manner of birth ; astrological 
 representation of the position of the 
 heavenly bodies at the time of one's 
 birth. 
 
 Nativity, n. the birth of Christ (with 
 the). 
 
 natrolite (na'tro-lit), n. a hydrated 
 silicate of aluminum and soda. 
 
 natron ('tron), n. native carbonate 
 of soda. 
 
 natterjack (nat'er-jak), n. the yel- 
 low-backed rush toad, remarkable 
 for its deep voice. 
 
 nattily ('i-li), adv. tidily; neatly. 
 
 nattiness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
 being natty. 
 
 natty ('i), adj. tidy; neat; smart. 
 
 natural (nat'u-ral), adj. pertaining 
 to, produced by, or in the course of, 
 nature ; inborn ; not artificial ; oc- 
 curring in the ordinary course of 
 things ; treating of mind and mat- 
 ter ; not revealed, as religion ; true 
 to life ; unassumed ; affectionate by 
 nature ; illegitimate ; unconverted ; 
 according to the usual diatonic 
 scale of O [Music] : n. an idiot ; a 
 sign ( blj ) used to correct the pre- 
 vious power of a sharp or flat [Mu- 
 sic]. 
 
 natural history (his'to-ri), n. the 
 scientific description of the earth 
 and its various productions, espe- 
 cially the animal kingdom. 
 
 naturalize (-Iz), v.t. to make natu- 
 ral; acclimatize; invest (a foreign- 
 er) with the privileges of a natural- 
 born citizen or subject. 
 
 naturalism (-izm), n. mere state of 
 nature ; natural religion ; the denial 
 of supernatural interference with 
 natural laws. 
 
 naturalist (-ist), n. one skilled in 
 natural history ; one who believes in 
 naturalism. 
 
 naturalistic (-is'tik), adj. realistic. 
 
 naturalization (-i-za'shun), n. the 
 act of investing a foreigner with 
 
 the rights and privileges of a natu- 
 ral-born citizen. 
 
 naturally (-li), adv. according to 
 nature ; spontaneously. 
 
 naturalness (-nes), n. the state of 
 being natural ; conformity to truth 
 or reality. 
 
 nature (na'cher or nat'ur), n. the 
 universe; essential qualities; spe- 
 cies ; natural order of things ; con- 
 stitution; personal character or 
 natural disposition; natural affec- 
 tion ; nudity. 
 
 naught (nawt), n. nothing: adj. 
 worthless : adv. in no degree. 
 
 naughtily ('i-li), adv. in a naughty 
 manner. 
 
 naughtiness ( 'i-nes), n. the state of 
 being naughty ; misbehavior. 
 
 naughty ('i), adj. bad; perverse or 
 mischievous. 
 
 nausea ('shi-a), n. a strong sensa- 
 tion of sickness ; sea-sickness ; loath- 
 ing or disgust. 
 
 nauseate ('shi-at), v.t. to affect with 
 nausea ; loathe : v.i. to feel disgust ; 
 be inclined to vomit. 
 
 nauseation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
 nauseating; the state of being nau- 
 seated. 
 
 nauseous ('shus), adj. loathsome; 
 abhorrent. 
 
 nautch (nawch), n. in India, a dance 
 performed by girls ; dancing exhibi- 
 tion. 
 
 nautical (naw'ti-ka.1), adj. pertain- 
 ing to ships, sailors, or navigation ; 
 maritime. Also nautic. 
 
 nautically (-li), Hidv. in a nautical 
 manner. 
 
 nautilus ('ti-lus), n. [pi. nautili], 
 any member of a genus of cephalo- 
 pods, including those furnished with 
 a chambered spinal univalve shell ; 
 a kind of diving-bell. 
 
 naval (na'va.1), adj. pertaining to 
 ships or a navy ; consisting of ships ; 
 maritime. 
 
 nave (nav), n. the middle or body of 
 a church, extending from the chan- 
 cel to the principal entrance; the 
 center of a wheel in which the 
 spokes are inserted. 
 
 navel ('el), n. the depression in the 
 center of the lower part of the ab- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; bo5n, 
 D- 36 - book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
nee 
 
 domen, indicating where the umbili- 
 cal cord was joined to the foetus. 
 
 navigability (nav-i-ga-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality or state of being navi- 
 gable. 
 
 navigable ('i-ga-bl), adj. capable of 
 being navigated. 
 
 navigably (-bli), adv. in a navigable 
 manner. 
 
 navigate ('i-gat), v.i. to pass on the 
 water by a ship or vessel ; sail : v.t. 
 to pass over in a ship or boat ; steer 
 or manage in sailing. 
 
 navigation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
 of navigating; the science of navi- 
 gating ships. 
 
 navigator ('i-ga-ter), n. one who 
 navigates ; one skilled in the science 
 of navigation. 
 
 navvy (nav'i), n. a laborer employed 
 in constructing railways, canals, &c. 
 
 navy (na'vi), n. the ships of war 
 belonging to a nation, or their offi- 
 cers and men. 
 
 nay (na), adv. no; not only so, but: 
 n. a refusal or denial. 
 
 Nazarene (naz-a-ren'), n. a native of 
 Nazareth : applied to Jesus Christ, 
 His followers, and the early Chris- 
 tians as a term of contempt ; in the 
 Early Church, one of a sect of Ju- 
 daizing Jews. 
 
 Nazarite ('a-rit), n.. a Jew devoted 
 by vow to God to a life of purity 
 (Num. vi.). 
 
 neap (nep), adj. low: applied to the 
 tides which occur in the beginning 
 of the second and fourth quarters of 
 the moon. 
 
 neaped ('t), adj. left aground by the 
 tide : said of a ship. 
 
 Neapolitan (ne-a-pol'i-tan), adj. per- 
 taining to Naples or its inhabitants. 
 
 near (ner), adj. [comp. nearer, su~ 
 perl, nearest], not far distant in 
 time, place, or degree; close; inti- 
 mate ; dear ; familiar ; literal ; nar- 
 row ; parsimonious ; on the left 
 side : adv. at a little distance ; al- 
 most : prep, close to : v.t. to ap- 
 proach ; come near to. 
 
 neat (net), n. cattle of the bovine 
 genus : adj. pertaining to bovine ani- 
 mals ; tidy ; trim and clean ; simple 
 and elegant ; chaste ; unadulterated. 
 
 neatsfoot ('z-foot), n. the foot of 
 an ox or cow. 
 
 neb (neb), n. a bird's beak; mouth; 
 nose or snout. 
 
 nebula ('u-la), n. [pi. nebulae (-le)], 
 a faint misty patch of light in the 
 heavens produced by groups of stars 
 too remote to be seen singly, or by 
 masses of diffused gaseous matter ; a 
 slight white spot on the cornea. 
 
 nebular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining to 
 nebulae. 
 
 nebulosity (-los'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being nebulous. 
 
 nebulous ('u-lus), adj. pertaining to, 
 or resembling, a nebula; cloudy; 
 hazy ; perplexed. 
 
 necessarily (nes-e-sa'ri-li), adv. by 
 necessity. 
 
 necessariness ('e-sa-ri-nes), n. the 
 state of being necessary. 
 
 necessary ( 'e-sa-ri ) , adj. that cannot 
 be otherwise; essential; indispensa- 
 ble: n. [pi. necessaries (-riz)], 
 things requisite. 
 
 necessitate (ne-ses'i-tat), v.t. to 
 make necessary ; compel ; render un- 
 avoidable ; constrain. 
 
 necessitous ('i-tus), adj. very poor; 
 destitute; needy. 
 
 necessity ('i-ti), n. the state of be- 
 ing necessary ; that which is un- 
 avoidable ; compulsion ; extreme 
 poverty : pi. things necessary for hu- 
 man life. 
 
 neck (nek), n. that part of the body 
 between the head and trunk ; a long 
 narrow part, as of land or a vessel. 
 
 necklace ('las), n. a string of beads 
 or ornaments, as pearls, &c, worn 
 round the neck. 
 
 necrological (-ro-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to a register of deaths. 
 
 necrology (-rol'o-ji), n. a register, 
 or account, of the dead. 
 
 necromancer ('ro-man-ser), n. one 
 who practices necromancy; a con- 
 jurer. 
 
 necromancy (-si), n. the pretended 
 art of predicting future events by 
 communication with the dead. 
 
 necromantic (-man'tik), adj. per- 
 taining to, or done by, necromancy. 
 
 necropolis (-rop'o-lis), n. a cemetery. 
 
 necrosis (-ro'sis), n. mortification 
 and death of a bone; a disease in 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
neo 
 
 nei 
 
 plants, characterized by small black 
 spots. 
 
 nectar (nek'tar), n. in classic my- 
 thology, the wine of the gods; the 
 honey of plants; any delicious bev- 
 erage. 
 
 nectarial (-ta'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, containing, or like, nectar. 
 
 nectareous ('re-us), adj. producing, 
 or sweet like, nectar. 
 
 nectarine ('ta-rin), n. a variety of 
 peach. 
 
 nectary ('ta-ri), n. that part of a 
 flower which secretes a saccharine 
 fluid. Nectarium. 
 
 nee (mi), adj. by birth: often placed 
 before the maiden name of a mar- 
 ried woman. 
 
 need (ned), n. necessity; urgent 
 want ; exigency ; poverty : v.t. to 
 want : v.i. to be necessary or want- 
 ed. 
 
 needful ( 'fool ) , adj. necessary ; 
 needy. 
 
 needfully (-li), adv. necessarily. 
 
 needle ('1), n. a small sharp-pointed 
 steel instrument furnished with an 
 eye to hold thread ; anything resem- 
 bling a needle ; the polarized steel of 
 a mariner's compass. 
 
 needle-gun (-gun), n. a breech-load- 
 ing gun, the cartridge of which is 
 exploded by a needle. 
 
 needs (nedz), adv. necessarily; indis- 
 pensably. 
 
 needy (ned'i), adj. very poor; neces- 
 sitous. 
 
 ne'er (nar), adv. contraction of never. 
 
 nefarious (ne-far'i-us), adj. ex- 
 tremely wicked ; vile ; infamous. 
 
 negation (ne-ga'shun), n. denial ; ab- 
 sence of certain qualities. 
 
 negative (neg'a-tiv), adj. implying 
 negation ; denying ; refusing ; having 
 the power of veto ; noting a quantity 
 to be subtracted: n. a proposition 
 by which something is denied ; a 
 word expressing denial ; right of 
 veto ; a photograph in which the 
 lights and shades of the object are 
 the opposite of those in nature : v.t. 
 to prove the contrary of; dismiss 
 or reject by vote. 
 
 negatively (-li), adv. in a negative 
 manner. 
 
 neglect (-lekt'), n. omission; habit- 
 
 ual negligence ; disregard ; careless- 
 ness : v.t . to omit by carelessness or 
 design ; slight ; disregard. 
 
 neglectful ('fool), adj. indicating, 
 or accustomed to, neglect ; careless. 
 
 neglectfully (-li), adv. with neg- 
 lect. 
 
 negligee (-li-zha'), n. a loosely fit- 
 ting dress or gown ; easy and un- 
 ceremonious dress in general : adj. 
 carelessly arranged or attired. 
 
 negligence ('li-jens), n. careless- 
 ness. 
 
 negligent ('li-jent), adj. careless. 
 
 negligible ('li-ji-bl), adj. that may 
 be neglected; of little account or 
 value. 
 
 negotiate (ne-go'shi-at), v.i. to treat 
 with others in business or private 
 affairs ; hold intercourse respecting 
 a treaty, &c. : v.t. to conclude by 
 treaty, bargain, or agreement ; sell. 
 
 negotiability (-go-shi-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being negotiable. 
 
 negotiable ('shi-a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being negotiated, transferred, or 
 exchanged. 
 
 negotiation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
 negotiating or transacting business ; 
 treaty. 
 
 negotiator ('shi-a-ter), n. one who 
 negotiates. 
 
 negotiatory (-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to negotiation. 
 
 negrillo (ne-gril'o) , n. a young negro. 
 
 Negrito (-gre'to), n. one of a diminu- 
 tive negro-like race of the Malay 
 Archipelago. 
 
 negro ('gro),w. [pi. negroes ('groz)], 
 an African black. Fern, negress : 
 adj. pertaining to, or characteristic 
 of, negroes. 
 
 negroid ('groid), adj. of the negro 
 type. 
 
 negus ('gus), n. a beverage of hot 
 water and wine, sweetened and 
 spiced. 
 
 Negus, n. the title of the ruler of 
 Abyssinia. 
 
 neigh (na), v.i. to utter the cry, or 
 whinny, of a horse: n. the cry of 
 a horse. 
 
 neighbor (na'ber), n. one who dwells 
 near to another ; an intimate : adj. 
 near to another ; adjacent : v.t. to 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
nel 
 
 adjoin : v.i. to be neighborly or 
 friendly. 
 
 neighborhood (-hood), n. adjacent 
 district ; vicinity ; the state of be- 
 ing neighbors. 
 
 neighboring (-ing), adj. living or 
 being near. 
 
 neighborliness ('ber-li-nes), n. the 
 state of being neighborly. 
 
 neighborly (-li), adj. like, or be- 
 coming, a neighbor ; social ; civil ; 
 friendly : adv. in the manner of a 
 neighbor. 
 
 neighing ('ing), n. the cry of a 
 horse. 
 
 neither (ne' or ni'ther), pron. & 
 conj. not either. 
 
 Nemsean (nem-e'an), adj. pertaining 
 to Nemsea, or to the ancient games 
 held by the Greeks at Nemsea. 
 
 nemesis ('e-sis), n. retributive ven- 
 geance : from Nemesis, the avenging 
 deity of the Greeks. 
 
 neo, a prefix meaning new, young, re- 
 cent, as neoplastic, recently formed. 
 
 neodymium (ne-o-dim'i-um), n. a 
 metallic element found in cerite. 
 
 Neolithic (-o-lith'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of, the later or 
 polished Stone Age. 
 
 neologian, same as neologist. 
 
 neologism (-ol'o-jizm), n. a new 
 word or phrase introduced into a 
 language ; new religious doctrines. 
 
 neologist ('6-jist), n. an innovator 
 in language or religion, especially 
 one who holds doctrinal views op- 
 posed to the orthodox interpretation 
 of revealed religion. 
 
 neologize (-jiz), v.i. to introduce 
 new words, phrases, or religious doc- 
 trines. 
 
 neology (-ol'6-ji), n. neologism; doc- 
 trines or rationalistic theological in- 
 terpretation at variance with ortho- 
 dox belief. 
 
 neon (ne'on), n. a recently discovered 
 element existing in atmospheric air. 
 
 ne ontology (-tol'6-ji), n. the scien- 
 tific study of existing species. 
 
 neophyte ('o-fit), n. a novice; one 
 recently baptized ; a convert : adj. 
 recently entered. 
 
 neoplasm ('o-plazm),w. tissue growth 
 more or less distinct from that in 
 which it occurs. 
 
 neoplastic (-plas'tik), adj. newly 
 formed. 
 
 neoplastic ('o-plas-ti), n. the restor- 
 ation of tissue by granulation, or 
 autoplasty. 
 
 neoteric (-o-ter'ik), adj. recent in 
 origin. 
 
 nep (nep), n. catmint. 
 
 nepenthe (ne-pen'tke) , n. a drug sup- 
 posed by the ancient Greeks to have 
 the power of causing forgetfulness 
 of sorrow. 
 
 nephew (nev'ii), n. the son of a 
 brother or sister. 
 
 nephritis (ne-frl'tis), n. inflamma- 
 tion of the kidneys. 
 
 neoptism (nep'o-tizm), n. a prefer- 
 ence shown in bestowing patronage 
 to one's relatives in the church or 
 public service. 
 
 Neptunian (nep-tun'i-an), adj. per- 
 taining to the classic deity Neptune, 
 or to the sea; deposited by the 
 agency of the sea. 
 
 Nereid (ne're-id), n. a sea nymph. 
 
 neroli (ner'o-le), n. the essential oil 
 of orange flowers. 
 
 nervation (-va'shun), n. arrange- 
 ment of nerves. 
 
 nerve (nerv), n. one of the grey fibers 
 which convey sensation from all 
 parts of the body to the brain and 
 originate motion ; tendon ; sinew ; 
 strength ; manliness ; the strong 
 vein of a leaf: v.t. to invigorate or 
 strengthen. 
 
 nervine (ner'vin), n. a tonic for the 
 nerves. 
 
 nervous ('vus), adj. pertaining to, 
 or composed of, nerves ; having weak 
 nerves ; easily agitated ; vigorous in 
 style. 
 
 nest (nest), n. the bed or dwelling 
 chosen by a bird for incubation, and 
 the rearing of its young; the place 
 where eggs are laid and hatched; 
 a cozy residence ; a number of boxes 
 one fitting inside another : v.i. to 
 build and occupy a nest. 
 
 nest-egg ('eg), n. an egg left in a 
 nest to keep the hen from forsaking 
 it; money forming a nucleus. 
 
 nestle (nes'l), v.i. to lie close and 
 snug ; take shelter : v.t. to cherish. 
 
 nestling ('ling), n. a young bird in 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
net 
 
 new 
 
 the nest or just taken from it : adj. 
 recently hatched. 
 
 net (net), n. an instrument of twine 
 knotted into meshes for catching 
 birds, fish, &c. ; anything resembling 
 or made like a net ; a snare : adj. 
 clear of all charges or deductions : 
 opposed to gross : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 netted, p.pr. netting], to make into 
 a net or network ; take with a net ; 
 snare ; produce as clear profit : v.i. 
 to form network. 
 
 nether (ne^'er), adj. lying beneath; 
 lower ; belonging to the regions be- 
 low. 
 
 nettle (net'l), n. a stinging plant of 
 the genus Urtica : v.t. to provoke or 
 irritate. 
 
 nettlerash (-rash), n. a cutaneous 
 eruption resembling the effects of a 
 nettle sting. 
 
 neural (nu'ral), adj. pertaining to 
 the nerves. 
 
 neuralgia (-ral'ji-a), n. acute pain 
 in a nerve. 
 
 neuralgic ('jik), adj. pertaining to 
 neuralgia. 
 
 neurasthenia (-ras-the'ni-a), n. 
 brain and nerve exhaustion, as from 
 influenza, &c. 
 
 neuration (-ra'shun), n. the vena- 
 tion of the wings of an insect ; nerve 
 distribution. 
 
 neurilemma (-ri-lem'a), n. the 
 fibrous sheath of a nerve. 
 
 neurine ('rin), n. nerve matter. 
 Also nenrin. 
 
 neuritis (-ri'tis), n. inflammation of 
 a nerve. 
 
 neuro, a prefix meaning nerve, as 
 neurography, a treatise on the 
 nerves. 
 
 neuroglia (-rog'li-a), n. the delicate 
 connective tissue between the nerve- 
 fibers of the brain and spinal cord. 
 
 neurology (-rol'o-ji), n. a scientific 
 description of the nerves. 
 
 neuroma (-ro'ma), n. a fibrous tu- 
 mor occurring in a nerve trunk. 
 
 neuropathic ( -path'ik ) , adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or suffering from, nervous 
 disease ; affecting the nerves. 
 
 neurosis (-ro'sis), n. nervous dis- 
 ease. 
 
 neurotic (-rot'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 seated in, or affecting, the nerves ; 
 
 characterized by a morbid hysteri- 
 cal style : n. a nerve tonic. 
 
 neurotomy ('o-mi), n. dissection of 
 the nerves. 
 
 neuter ('ter), adj. of neither sex; in- 
 transitive : n. a flower having nei- 
 ther pistil nor stamens ; a sterile 
 sexless insect, especially the work- 
 ing bee. 
 
 neutral ('tral), adj. unbiased; in- 
 different ; taking no part on either 
 side in a contest ; neither very good 
 nor very bad ; neither acid nor al- 
 kaline : said of chemical salts. 
 
 neutrality ('i-ti), n. the state of 
 being neutral. 
 
 neutralize ('tral-iz), v.t. to make 
 neutral ; render inactive. 
 
 neutrally ('tral-i), adv. in a neutral 
 manner. 
 
 neutral tint (tint), n. a dull grey. 
 
 neve (na-va'), n. the granular com- 
 pressed snow which forms glacier 
 ice. 
 
 never (nev'er), adv. not at any time; 
 in no degree. 
 
 nevertheless (-the-les'), adv. not- 
 withstanding ; in spite of that. 
 
 new (nu), adj. recent in. origin; mod- 
 ern ; novel ; lately made, produced, 
 invented, or discovered ; recently 
 entered upon or commenced ; not 
 previously used ; fresh. 
 
 newel ('el), n. in a winding stair- 
 case, the central upright pillar 
 around which the steps turn. 
 
 new-fangled (-fang'gld), adj. new- 
 fashioned. 
 
 Newfoundland (-found'land), n. a 
 large variety of dog, originally from 
 Newfoundland. 
 
 news (nuz), n. recent intelligence; 
 tidings. 
 
 newspaper ('pa-per), n. a paper 
 published periodically, usually daily 
 or weekly, containing the most re- 
 cent intelligence. 
 
 new style (stil), n. the Gregorian or 
 present style of computing the cal- 
 endar : opposed to the former or 
 Julian method. 
 
 newt (nut), n. an eft; salamander. 
 
 Newtonian (nu-to'ni-an), adj. per- 
 taining to, discovered by, or invented 
 by, Sir Isaac Newton, the philoso- 
 pher, or to his system. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
next 
 
 nin 
 
 next (nekst), adj. [superl. of nigh], 
 nearest in time, place, degree, or 
 rank : adv. immediately succeeding. 
 
 nexus (neks'us), n. a connection or 
 tie. 
 
 nib (nib), n. a bird's beak; the point 
 of anything, especially a pen. 
 
 nibbed ('d), adj. furnished with a 
 nib. 
 
 nibble ('1), v.t. & v.i. to bite by little 
 at a time ; continue to bite at gently 
 and quickly, as a fish : n. a small 
 bite; a seizing to bite. 
 
 niblick (nib'lik), n. a heavy iron 
 round-headed golf club. 
 
 nicolite (nik'o-Ht), n. arsenical nickel 
 ore. 
 
 nice (nis), adj. fastidious; precise; 
 squeamish ; minutely discriminative ; 
 delicate ; refined ; socially agreeable ; 
 pleasing to the palate ; scrupulously 
 exact. 
 
 nicely ('li), adv. in a nice manner. 
 
 niceness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being nice ; delicacy of per- 
 ception or touch. 
 
 nicety ('e-ti), n. delicate manage- 
 ment; fastidious delicacy; preci- 
 sion; minute accuracy: pi. table 
 delicacies. 
 
 niche (nich), n. a recess in a wall 
 for a statue. 
 
 Nick (nik), n. an evil water spirit; 
 the Devil (with old). 
 
 nick (nik), n. exact or critical point 
 of time ; winning throw at dice : v.t . 
 to cut in nicks or notches ; touch at 
 the lucky moment ; cheat ; steal. 
 
 nickel ('el), n. a greyish-white duc- 
 tile metal ; a five-cent coin, made of 
 nickel and copper alloy. 
 
 nickel-green (-gren), n. the apple- 
 green colored arseniate of nickel. 
 
 nickel-silver (-sil'ver), n. an alloy 
 of nickel, copper, and zinc. 
 
 nickname ('nam), n. a name given 
 in derision or familiarity : v.t. to 
 give a nickname to ; call by an op- 
 probrious name. 
 
 nicotine ('o-tin), n. an acrid, poi- 
 sonous alkaloid extracted from to- 
 bacco. Also nicotin. 
 
 nidge (nij), v.t. to dress (stones) 
 with a pick. 
 
 nidification (nid-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
 
 act of building a nest, rearing young, 
 &c. 
 
 nidus (nl'dus), n. a nest or hatching 
 place. 
 
 niece (nes), n. the daughter of a 
 brother or sister. 
 
 niello (ni-el'o), n. a kind of orna- 
 mental engraving on brass, &c. 
 
 niggard (nig'ard), adj. meanly cov- 
 etous ; parsimonious ; miserly. Also 
 niggardly : n. one who is meanly 
 covetous ; a miser. 
 
 niggardliness (-li-nes), n. the state 
 of being niggardly ; stinginess. 
 
 niggardly (-li), adv. like a niggard. 
 
 nigh (ni), adj. near in time or place; 
 adjacent ; closely allied by blood or 
 friendship : adv. near ; almost : prep. 
 near to. 
 
 nighness ('nes), n. nearness; prox- 
 imity. 
 
 night (nit), n. the time from sunset 
 to sunrise ; period of darkness ; 
 death ; intellectual or moral dark- 
 ness. 
 
 nightingale ('in-gal), n. a small 
 bird which sings with a sweet note 
 at night ; philomel. 
 
 nightmare ('mar), n. a dreadful 
 dream accompanied with oppres- 
 sion on the chest and a feeling of 
 helplessness ; an incubus. 
 
 nihilism (m'hil-izm), n. scepticism 
 which denies that anything, even ex- 
 istence, can be known ; an extreme 
 socialist movement in Russia to 
 destroy existing institutions and 
 found a new order of things, with 
 communistic rights of land and 
 property. 
 
 nihilist (-ist), n. a supporter of ni- 
 hilism. 
 
 nihilistic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
 nihilism. 
 
 nil (nil), n. nothing [Latin]. 
 
 nimble (nim'bl), adj. quick and ac- 
 tive; alert; lively; brisk. 
 
 nimbus (nim'bus), n. in art, the 
 halo or cloud of light surrounding 
 the heads of divinities, saints, and 
 sovereigns ; a rain-cloud. 
 
 nine (nin), adj. containing one more 
 than eight : n. the sum of 1 and 8. 
 
 ninefold ('fold), adj. nine times re- 
 peated. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
nin 
 
 nob 
 
 ninepins ('pinz), n.pl. a game in 
 which nine pins or pegs of wood are 
 set up to be bowled at with wooden 
 bowls or balls. 
 
 nineteen ('ten), adj. consisting of 9 
 and 10: n. the sum of 9 and 10. 
 
 nineteenth ('tenth), adj. being one 
 of 19 equal parts : n. a nineteenth 
 part. 
 
 ninetieth ('ti-eth), adj. next after 
 ^89th : n. a ninetieth part. 
 
 ninety ('ti), adj. containing 9 ten 
 times : n. the number containing 9 
 times 10 ; the symbol (xc. 90) ex- 
 pressing such a number. 
 
 ninny (nin'i), n. a simpleton. 
 
 ninth (nin'th), adj. the ordinal of 9: 
 n. one of 9 equal parts. 
 
 niobite (ni'o-blt), n. a black min- 
 eral. 
 
 niobium ('bi-um), n. a metallic ele- 
 ment present in niobite. 
 
 nip (nip), n. a pinch, as with the 
 nails or teeth ; a blast as by cold ; 
 a small drink of spirits : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. nipped, p.pr. nipping], to pinch ; 
 cut off the end of ; check the growth 
 or vigor of, especially by frost ; blast 
 or destroy. 
 
 nipper ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, nips ; one of the four fore- 
 teeth of a horse ; a small boy : pi. 
 small pincers. 
 
 nippingly ('ing-li), adv. keenly. 
 
 nipple (nip'l), n. that part of the 
 breast of a woman from which milk 
 is drawn by a child ; a teat. 
 
 Nirvana (ner-va/na), n. in Bud- 
 dhism, the highest religious state, 
 when all desire of existence and 
 worldly good is extinguished, and 
 the soul is absorbed into the Deity. 
 
 nit (nit), n. the egg of any small in- 
 sect. 
 
 niter, nitre (ni'ter), n. nitrate of 
 potash or saltpeter. 
 
 nitrate (nl'trat), n. a salt of nitric 
 acid. 
 
 nitrate of silver (sil'ver), n. silver 
 dissolved in nitric acid. 
 
 nitrated ('tra-ted), adj. combined 
 with nitric acid. 
 
 nitre, see niter. 
 
 nitric ('trik), adj. contained in nitro- 
 gen. 
 
 nitric acid (as'id), n. a powerful 
 acid, used in chemistry, the arts, 
 and medicine, composed of nitro- 
 gen and oxygen, obtained by the ac- 
 tion of sulphuric acid upon nitrate 
 of potash ; aquafortis. 
 
 nitride ('trid), n. a compound of 
 nitrogen with a metal, also with 
 phosphorus, silicon, or boron. 
 
 nitriferous (-trif'er-us), adj. pro- 
 ducing niter. 
 
 nitrification (-tri-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the process of converting into niter. 
 
 nitrify ('tri-fl), v.t. to form into 
 niter. 
 
 nitrite ('trlt), n. a salt of nitrous 
 acid. 
 
 nitro, a prefix meaning containing 
 nitrogen, as wttfro-hydrochloric acid 
 or aqua regia. 
 
 nitro-glycerine (-glis'er-in), n. a 
 highly explosive, oily liquid, pre- 
 pared by the action of nitric and 
 sulphuric acids upon glycerine. Also 
 nitro-glycerin, nitroleum. 
 
 nitrogen ( ni'tro-jen ) , n. a gas which, 
 with argon, constitutes 4-5ths by 
 volume of the atmosphere, and con- 
 stitutes the basis of nitric acid. 
 
 nitrogenize (-troj'en-iz), v.t. to im- 
 pregnate with nitrogen. 
 
 nitrogenous ('en-us), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or containing, nitrogen. 
 
 nitrous ('trus), adj. resembling, ob- 
 tained from, or impregnated with, 
 niter. 
 
 nitrous acid (as'id), n. a compound 
 of four volumes of nitrogen and 
 one of oxygen. 
 
 nitrous oxide (oks'id), n. a com- 
 pound of one volume of oxygen and 
 two volumes of nitrogen ; laughing- 
 gas. 
 
 niveous (niv'e-us), adj. snow-like. 
 
 nix (niks), n. in Teutonic mythology, 
 a water-sprite; a kelpie [Scotch]. 
 
 no (no), adv. a word of denial or 
 refusal : opposed to yes : adj. none. 
 
 nob (nob), n. a knob; the head; a 
 fop. 
 
 nobby ('i), adj. capital; spruce; 
 • stylish. 
 
 nobility (no-bil'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being noble ; noble birth ; 
 grandeur ; dignity ; nobles collec- 
 tively. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
nob 
 
 noble (no'bl), adj. high in excellence 
 or worth ; illustrious ; magnani- 
 mous ; generous ; exalted in rank ; 
 of ancient lineage : n. peer or noble- 
 man. 
 
 nobleman (-man), n. a peer. Fern. 
 noblewoman. 
 
 nobleness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being noble. 
 
 nobly ('bli), adv. in a noble manner; 
 of noble rank. 
 
 nobody ('bod-i), n. no one; a per- 
 son of no importance or influence. 
 
 nocent ('sent), adj. harmful. 
 
 nocturnal (nok-ter'nal), adj. per- 
 taining to, done, or happening at, 
 night. 
 
 noctnrnally (-H), adv. by or in the 
 night. 
 
 nocturne ('tern), n. a picture of a 
 night scene ; a musical composition 
 appropriate to the night; a lullaby. 
 
 nod (nod), n. a quick inclination of 
 the head ; a command : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. nodded, p.pr. nodding], to sig- 
 nify by a nod ; incline or bend : v.i. 
 to give a quick forward motion of 
 the head ; bend the head in token 6f 
 assent, or as a salute ; be drowsy. 
 
 nodal (no'dal), adj. pertaining to 
 nodes. 
 
 nodated (Ma-ted), adj. knotted. 
 
 nodder (nod'er), n. one who nods; a 
 drowsy person. 
 
 noddle ('1), n. the head. 
 
 noddy ('i), n. a simpleton; a sea- 
 fowl. 
 
 node (nod), n. a knot; knob; one of 
 the tw,o points at which the orbit of 
 a planet intersects the ecliptic; the 
 points of the stem of a plant from 
 which a leaf springs ; the plot of a 
 poem or play ; a tumor of the perios- 
 teum, the bones, or tendons. 
 
 nodose (no'dos), adj. having knots or 
 nodes. 
 
 nodular (nod'u-ler), adj. pertaining 
 to, or like, a nodule. 
 
 nodule ('ul), n. a little knot or ir- 
 regular rounded lump. 
 
 noggin (nog'in), n. a small cup or 
 mug ; a liquid measure = 1 gill. 
 
 nogging ('ing), n. a partition formed 
 of timber scantlings filled up with 
 bricks. 
 
 noise (noiz), n. sound; clamor; out- 
 
 non 
 
 cry; frequent or public conversa- 
 tion : v.t. to spread abroad by 
 rumor: v.i. to sound loud. 
 
 noiseful ('fool), adj. clamorous; 
 loud. 
 
 noisily ('i-li), adv. with noise. 
 
 noisiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being noisy. 
 
 noisome (noi'sum), adj. injurious to 
 health ; noxious ; disgusting. 
 
 noisy (noiz'i), adj. full of noise; tur- 
 bulent. 
 
 nomad (nom'ad), n. one of a tribe 
 that wanders about in search of 
 game, pasture, &c. : adj. nomadic. 
 
 nomadic (no-mad'ik), adj. wander- 
 ing ; pastoral. 
 
 nomenclature (no'men-kla-tur), n. 
 the words, terms, or language used 
 in any art or science. 
 
 nomial ('mi-al), n. in algebra, a sin- 
 gle^ term. 
 
 nominal (nom'i-nal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or containing, names ; exist- 
 ing only in name. 
 
 nominally (-li), adv. in name only. 
 
 nominate ('i-nat), v.t. to propose 
 for^an office; appoint. 
 
 nomination (-na'shun), n. the act 
 of nominating; the state of being 
 nominated. 
 
 nominative ('i-na-tiv), adj. noting 
 in grammar the case of the subject : 
 n. the case of the subject. 
 
 nominator ('i-na-ter), n. one who 
 nominates. 
 
 nominee (-i-ne'), n. one who is pro- 
 posed for an office. 
 
 non, prefix meaning not. 
 
 nonage (non'aj), n. minority. 
 
 nonagenarian (-a-jen-a'ri-an), n. a 
 person 90 years old. 
 
 nonagesimal (-jes'i-mal), adj. per- 
 taining to 90, or to a nonagesimal : 
 n. that point of the ecliptic which is 
 highest above the horizon. 
 
 nonagon ('a-gon), n. a plane figure 
 with 9 sides and 9 angles. 
 
 nonchalance (n6ng-sha-langs r ), n. 
 coolness; indifference [French]. 
 
 nonchalant (-lang'), adj. cool; in- 
 different. 
 
 nondescript (non'de-skript), n. a 
 person or thing that cannot be eas- 
 ily described or classed : adj. abnor- 
 mal ; novel ; odd. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b5on, 
 book; hue, hut; think, tfften. 
 
none (nun), adj. not any; not one; 
 
 n. & pron. no one ; nothing. 
 nonentity (non-en'ti-ti), n. [pi. non- 
 entities (-tiz)], a thing not exist- 
 ing; a person of no importance or 
 influence. 
 nones (nonz), n.pl. in the ancient 
 Roman calendar the ninth day be- 
 fore the ides, reckoned inclusively ; 
 in the Roman Catholic Breviary, 
 the devotional office for the ninth 
 hour or 3 p. m. 
 
 nonillion (non-il'yun), n. in the 
 English system of numeration, the 
 number denoted by 1 followed by 54 
 ciphers; in the French system, in 
 use in this country, the number de- 
 noted by 1 followed by 30 ciphers. 
 
 nonpareil (-pa-rel'), adj. without an 
 equal : n. unequaled excellence ; a 
 kind of printing-type (see type) ; a 
 variety of apple. 
 
 nonplus ('plus), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 nonplussed, p.pr. nonplussing], to 
 throw into complete perplexity ; puz- 
 zle : n. an insuperable difficulty ; 
 puzzle. 
 
 nonsense ('sens), n. language with- 
 out meaning ; anything absurd : 
 inter j. absurd ! 
 
 nonsensical ('i-kal), adj. absurd; 
 unmeaning. 
 
 nonsensically (-li), adv. absurdly. 
 
 non sequitur (sek'wi-ter), n. in 
 logic, a conclusion or inference 
 which does not follow from the 
 premises. 
 
 nonsuit ('siit), n. the withdrawal of 
 a suit during trial either voluntarily 
 or by judgment of the court on the 
 discovery of error or defect in the 
 pleadings: v.t. to subject to a non- 
 suit. 
 
 noodle (nood'l), n. a simpleton; a 
 strip of dried dough, served in soup 
 or as a baked dish. 
 
 nook (nook), n. a small recess or se- 
 cluded retreat ; a corner. 
 
 noon (noon), n. the middle of the 
 day, 12 o'clock; height: adj. per- 
 taining to noon. 
 
 noonday ('da), adj. pertaining to 
 noon, or midday : n. noon. Also 
 noontide. 
 
 noose (noos), n. a running knot 
 which binds the closer the more 
 
 not 
 
 tightly it is drawn : v.t . to catch or 
 tie in a noose ; ensnare. 
 
 nor (nor), conj. a negative particle 
 correlative to neither or not. 
 
 normal ('mal), adj. according to 
 rule ; regular ; perpendicular. 
 
 normal school (skool), n. a school 
 for the training of teachers for 
 elementary schools. 
 
 Norman ('man), adj. pertaining to 
 the Normans, Normandy, or to a 
 style of architecture introduced into 
 England by the Normans, character- 
 ized by the rounded arch and mas- 
 sive square towers. 
 
 Norse (nors), adj. pertaining, to an- 
 cient Scandinavia, its language, and 
 its people. 
 
 north (north), n. one of the four 
 cardinal points; the point opposite 
 to the south : adj. pertaining to, sit- 
 uated in, or coming from, the north : 
 adv. to the north. 
 
 norther (nor'tffter), n. a strong gale 
 which prevails in the Gulf of Mexico 
 from September to March. 
 
 northern ('them), adj. in, from, or 
 towards, the north. Also northerly. 
 
 northern lights (lits), n.pl. the 
 Aurora Borealis. 
 
 northing (nSrth'ing), n. distance 
 northward. 
 
 Norwegian (nor-we'jian), adj. per- 
 taining to Norway, its language, or 
 inhabitants. 
 
 nose (noz), n. the organ of smell; 
 scent ; a snout ; nozzle ; anything re- 
 sembling a nose: v.t. to smell or 
 scent. 
 
 nosegay ('ga), n. a bouquet. 
 
 nosology (-sol'o-ji), n. the systemat- 
 ic classification of the diseases of 
 animals and plants. 
 
 nostalgia (nos-tal'ji-a), n. home- 
 sickness. 
 
 nostril ('tril), n. one of the two 
 openings in the nose. 
 
 nostrum ('tram), n. a quack medi- 
 cine. 
 
 not (not), adv. a word expressive of 
 denial or refusal. 
 
 notahilia (no-ta-bil'i-a), n.pl. things 
 worthy of note. 
 
 notability (-ta-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. nota- 
 bilities (-tiz)], a person of note; 
 the quality of being notable. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
not 
 
 notable (no'ta-bl), adj. worthy of 
 notice ; memorable ; notorious ; re- 
 markable ; industrious ; thrifty : n. a 
 person or thing of distinction. 
 
 notably (-bli), adv. in a notable man- 
 ner. 
 
 notarial (no-ta'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or done by, a notary. 
 
 notary ('ta-ri), n. [pi. notaries 
 (-riz)], an official authorized to at- 
 test deeds, protest bills of exchange, 
 &c. 
 
 notation (-ta'shun), n. the act or 
 practice of recording by marks or 
 symbols ; a system of signs or sym- 
 bols. 
 
 notch (noch), n. a small hollow cut; 
 indentation : v.t. to cut into small 
 hollows. 
 
 note (not), n. a memorandum; repu- 
 tation ; brief explanation ; short let- 
 ter ; a diplomatic communication ; a 
 mark or sign representing a sound ; 
 the sound itself [music] ; a paper 
 acknowledging a debt and promis- 
 ing payment : pi. a summary of a 
 speech : v.t. to make a note of ; 
 mark ; show respect or attention to. 
 
 noted ('ed), p.adj. well-known; cele- 
 brated ; remarkable. 
 
 nothing (nuth'ing), n. not any- 
 thing; a thing of no value, use, or 
 importance ; a cipher : adi>. in no de- 
 gree. 
 
 nothingness (-nes), n. non-exist- 
 ence ; worthlessness. 
 
 notice (no'tis), n. mental or visual 
 observation; attention; remark; ad- 
 vice ; information ; warning ; pub- 
 lic intimation ; press criticism : v.t. 
 to see or observe ; regard ; attend to ; 
 make remarks upon. 
 
 noticeable (-a-bl), adj. worthy of 
 observation ; remarkable. 
 
 notification (-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of giving notice ; notice given ; 
 document by which information is 
 communicated. 
 
 notify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. noti- 
 fied, p.pr. notifying], to give notice 
 to ; make known. 
 
 notion ('shun), n. an idea or concep- 
 tion ; opinion ; belief ; inclination ; 
 a clever contrivance. 
 
 notional (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 
 nox 
 
 or conveying, a notion ; ideal ; im- 
 aginary. 
 
 notoriety (-to-ri'i-ti), n. the state of 
 being notorious. Also notorious- 
 ness. 
 
 notorious (-to'ri-us), adj. publicly 
 known ; usually in a bad sense. 
 
 notornis (-tor'nis), n. the gigantic 
 short-winged coot of New Zealand. 
 
 Notus (no'tus), n. the south wind. 
 
 notwithstanding (-wi£7i-stand'ing) , 
 prep, in spite of : conj. although : 
 adv. however ; yet. 
 
 nougat (noo-ga/), n. a confection of 
 almonds, pistachio nuts, sugar, and 
 paste. 
 
 nought, same as naught. 
 
 noumenon (no-oo'me-non), n. [pi. 
 noumena (-na)], essence; the sub- 
 stance or reality existing under the 
 phenomenal. 
 
 noun (noun), n. the name of any- 
 thing ; a substantive. 
 
 nourish (nur'ish), v.t. to feed or 
 bring up ; support ; maintain ; edu- 
 cate : v.i. to promote growth. 
 
 nourishment (-ment), n. that which 
 nourishes. 
 
 nous (nous), n. intellect; clever com- 
 mon-sense. 
 
 novel (nov'el), adj. of recent origin 
 or introduction ; new ; strange or 
 unusual : n. a fictitious tale or ro- 
 mance. 
 
 novelette (-ef), n. a short novel. 
 
 novelist ('el-ist), n. a writer,, of 
 novels. 
 
 novelty ('el-ti), n. newness; some- 
 thing new. 
 
 novice ('is), n. a beginner; in the 
 Roman Catholic Church, one who 
 has entered a religious house but 
 has not yet taken the vow. 
 
 novitiate (no-vish'i-at), n. the state 
 of a novice ; time of probation as a 
 novice ; a house or retreat for 
 novices. 
 
 now (nou), adv. at the present time; 
 quite recently. 
 
 nowel ('el), n. the inner part of a 
 large loam foundry mold. 
 
 nowise (no'wiz), adv. not in any 
 manner or degree. 
 
 noxious (nok'shus), adj. harmful; 
 pernicious ; deadly. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
nozzle (noz'l), n. a projecting mouth- 
 piece. 
 
 N-rays (n-raz), n. olf active rays 
 propagated by electric-sparked waves 
 in the ether, in the same manner 
 as light. Discovered in 1903 by 
 Prof. M. R. Blondlot, physicist of 
 Nancy, and named N after the city. 
 
 nubbin (nub'in), n. a small or im- 
 perfect ear of maize. 
 
 nubilous (nu'bi-lus), adj. cloudy. 
 
 nuclear ('kle-ar), adj. pertaining to, 
 or connected with, a nucleus. 
 
 nucleus ('kle-us), n. the central mass 
 around which matter accretes or 
 grows ; the head of a comet. 
 
 nude (ntid), adj. bare; naked; in 
 law, made without consideration ; 
 void; in art, the undraped body 
 (with the). 
 
 nudely ('li), adv. nakedly. 
 
 nudeness ('nes), n. nakedness. 
 Also nudity. 
 
 nudge (nuj), v.t. to touch gently, as 
 with the elbow : n. a gentle touch, as 
 with the elbow. 
 
 nudity (nu'di-ti), n. nakedness: pi. 
 naked parts. 
 
 nugatory ('ga-to-ri), adj. trifling; 
 useless. 
 
 nugget (nug'et), n. a lump or mass 
 of metal, especially of gold in aurif- 
 erous soil. 
 
 nuisance (nu'sans), n. anything of- 
 fensive, injurious, vexatious, or an- 
 noying. 
 
 null (nul), adj. of no legal force; 
 void. 
 
 nullification (-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of nullifying. 
 
 nullifier ('i-fi-er), n. one who nulli- 
 fies. 
 
 nullify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. nulli- 
 fied, p.pr. nullifying], to annul or 
 render void. 
 
 nullity ('i-ti), n. want of existence, 
 force, or validity. 
 
 numb (num), adj. deprived of sensa- 
 tion or motion ; torpid : v.t. to be- 
 numb. 
 
 number ('ber), n. a unit; one, or 
 more than one ; multitude ; one of a 
 series ; a collection of things ; 
 sounds distributed into harmonies ; 
 poetry; meter, or verse (usually 
 
 pi.) : v.t. to count; mark with a 
 number. 
 
 numeral (nu'mer-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, consisting of, or denoting, 
 number : n. a symbol or word ex- 
 pressing a number. 
 
 numerary ('mer-a-ri), adj. belong- 
 ing to a certain number. 
 
 numerate (-at), v.t. to reckon or 
 enumerate ; point or read, as fig- 
 ures. 
 
 numeration (-a/shun), n. the act or 
 art of numbering, or of reading and 
 writing numbers. 
 
 numerator ('mer-a-ter), n. one who 
 numbers ; the figure or figures above 
 the line in fractions which indicate 
 how many parts of a unit are taken. 
 
 numerous ('mer-us), adj. consisting 
 of a great number. 
 
 numismatic (-mis-mat'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to coins or medals : n.pl. the 
 science and study of coins and med- 
 als. Also numismatology. 
 
 numismatist ('ma-tist), n. one 
 skilled in numismatics. Also numis- 
 matologist. 
 
 numskull ( f skul ), n. a blockhead. 
 
 nun (nun), n. a female devoted to a 
 religious life and seclusion under a 
 vow of chastity ; a variety of pig- 
 eon ; the blue titmouse. 
 
 nuncio ('shi-o), n. a papal ambas- 
 sador. 
 
 nuncupative (nung'ku-pa-tiv), adj. 
 verbal ; nominal. Also nuncupatory. 
 
 nunnery (nun'er-i), n. [pi. nunner- 
 ies (-iz)], a religious house for 
 nuns. 
 
 nuptial (nup'shal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or constituting, marriage : n.pl. 
 a marriage ; marriage ceremony. 
 
 nurse (ners), n. a woman who has 
 the care of infants, or of the child 
 of another person ; one who tends 
 the sick or infirm; one who, or that 
 which, protects or fosters : v.t. to 
 tend or suckle, as an infant ; bring 
 up ; tend in sickness ; promote ; 
 economize. 
 
 nursery ('er-i), n. [pi. nurseries 
 ( -iz ) ] , an apartment for young chil- 
 dren ; a place or garden for rear- 
 ing young plants; a race for two- 
 year-old horses. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
nym 
 
 nursling ('ling)_, n. an infant. 
 
 nurture (ner'tur), n. that which 
 nourishes ; diet ; food ; education : 
 v.t. to bring up ; educate ; nourish. 
 
 nut (nut), n. the fruit of certain 
 trees, containing a kernel inclosed 
 in a hard shell ; a piece of metal 
 grooved for screwing on to the end 
 of a bolt : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. nutted, 
 p.pr. nutting], to gather nuts. 
 
 nutant (nu'tant), adj. having the top 
 bent downward. 
 
 nutation (-ta'shun), n. the periodic- 
 al vibratory movement of the axis 
 of the earth. 
 
 nutmeg (nut'meg), n. the aromatic 
 kernel of the fruit of an East In- 
 dian tree. 
 
 nutria (nti-tri-a), n. the commercial 
 name for the fur or skin of the 
 coypou. 
 
 nutrient ('tri-ent), adj. promoting 
 growth. 
 
 nutriment ('tri-ment), n. nourish- 
 ment. 
 
 nutrition (-trish'un), n. that which 
 nourishes ; food ; the action of pro- 
 
 moting growth or repairing waste in 
 organic bodies. 
 
 nutritious ('us), adj. affording nu- 
 trition. 
 
 nutritive ('tri-tiv), adj. pertaining 
 to, or having the quality of, nutri- 
 tion. 
 
 nutritively (-li), adv. by nutrition. 
 
 nutty (nut'i), adj. abounding in, or 
 tasting like, nuts. 
 
 nux vomica (nuks vom'i-ka), n. the 
 fruit of an East Indian plant 
 (Strychnos Nux vomica) which 
 yields the deadly poison strychnine. 
 
 nuzzle ( '1 ) , v.t. to root up with the 
 nose, as swine : v.i. to nestle. 
 
 nye (nl), n. a brood of pheasants. 
 
 nylghau (nil'gaw), n. a large In- 
 dian antelope. Also nylgau. 
 
 nymph, (nimf), n. in classic myth- 
 ology, a goddess of nature inhabit- 
 ing the mountains, woods, streams, 
 &c. ; a light, handsome, graceful 
 young woman. 
 
 nympha (nim'fa), n. the pupa or 
 chrysalis of an insect. 
 
 nymphomania (-fo-ma'ni-a), n. 
 erotic insanity in females. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, tfften. 
 
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O (6), inter j. an exclamation of won- 
 der, pain, &c. : n. [pi. o's (-oz)], a 
 ring, cipher, or naught. 
 
 oadal (o'a-dal), n. a tree of the cola- 
 nut family. 
 
 oaf (of), n. a changeling; dolt. 
 
 oafish ('ish), adj. simple; silly; dolt- 
 ish. 
 
 oak (ok), n. a tree of many species, 
 especially the common oak ( Quercus 
 robur), valued for its timber. 
 
 oak-apple ('ap-1), n. a spongy ex- 
 crescence growing on the leaves or 
 young branches of the oak. 
 
 oaken ('en), adj. made of, or con- 
 sisting of, oak. 
 
 oakum ( 'um ) , n. old ropes untwisted 
 and pulled into loose hemp. 
 
 oar (or), n. a light pole with a broad 
 blade, for rowing a boat : v.t. & v.i. 
 to row. 
 
 oasis (o-a'sis), n. [pi. oases ('sez)] : 
 a fertile spot in a barren sandy 
 desert. 
 
 oast (ost), n. a kiln for drying hops 
 or barley. 
 
 oat (6t), n. a grassy plant of the 
 genus Avena, the grain of which is 
 used as food [usually in pi.]. 
 
 oaten ('en), adj. made of oats. 
 
 oath (oth), n. a solemn declaration 
 of truth-telling with an appeal to 
 God as witness. 
 
 ob, a prefix meaning before, against, 
 towards, in front of, reversed. 
 
 obbligato (ob-li-ga'to), n. an indis- 
 pensable instrumental part or ac- 
 companiment written especially for 
 the instrument named [music]. 
 
 obduracy ('dii-ra-si), n. obdurate 
 conduct or quality. 
 
 obdurate ('du-rat), adj. hardened in 
 
 heart or feelings, especially against 
 moral influence. 
 
 obdurately (-li), adv. stubbornly. 
 
 obdurateness (-nes), n. the quality 
 or state of being obdurate. 
 
 obedience (o-be'di-ens), n. submis- 
 sion to authority ; dutifulness. 
 
 obedient ('di-ent), adj. submissive 
 to authority ; dutiful. 
 
 obeisance (-ba'sans), n. a bow or 
 curtsey ; act of reverence. 
 
 obelisk (ob'e-lisk), n. a lofty, four- 
 sided stone pillar gradually tapering 
 as it rises, and terminating in a 
 pyramidal top ; a reference mark 
 
 obelus ('e-lus), n. a mark ( — or -f- 
 or f ) used in old MSS. to indicate a 
 doubtful or spurious reading; in 
 modern writing, a break ( — ). 
 
 obese (o-bes'), adj. corpulent. 
 
 obesity (-bes'i-ti), n. excessive corpu- 
 lence, especially of an unhealthy 
 kind. Also obeseness. 
 
 obey (-ba'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. obeyed, 
 p.pr. obeying], to submit to the rule 
 or authority of; comply with^ the 
 orders or instructions of : v.i. to 
 yield ; do as bidden. 
 
 obfuscate (ob-fus'kat), v.t. to be- 
 wilder. 
 
 obi (o'bi), n. among the. West Indian 
 natives and negroes of Africa a sys- 
 tem of secret sorcery or magical 
 rites ; a charm ; a kind of sash worn 
 by Japanese women. 
 
 obituary (o-bit'u-a-ri), n. [pi. obit- 
 uaries (-riz)], a register of deaths; 
 an account of a deceased person : 
 adj. pertaining to, or recording, 
 deaths. 
 
 object (ob-jekf), v.t. to urge against; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
obj 
 
 oppose : v.t. to make objections' : n. 
 (ob'jekt) anything placed before 
 the mind or senses ; motive ; end ; 
 aim. 
 
 object-glass ('ject-glas), n. the lens 
 of a microscope or telescope nearest 
 to the object to be observed and 
 forming the image. 
 
 objection (-jek'shun), n. the act of 
 objecting; adverse reason; difficulty 
 raised. 
 
 objectionable (-a-bl), adj. liable or 
 open to objection ; reprehensible. 
 
 objective ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
 an object ; external to the mind ; in 
 grammar, noting the case which fol- 
 lows a transitive verb or a preposi- 
 tion and is governed by it : n. the 
 accusative case ; an objective point. 
 
 objectively (-li), adv. in an objec- 
 tive manner. 
 
 objectivism ('tiv-izm), n. the philo- 
 sophical doctrine that the knowledge 
 of the non-ego is anterior to that of 
 the ego ; in art and literature, the 
 representation of persons and in- 
 cidents as they really appear. 
 
 objectivity ('i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being objective. Also ob- 
 jectiveness. 
 
 objurgate (-jer'gat), v.t. to chide or 
 reprove. 
 
 objurgation (-ga'shun), n. reproof. 
 
 objurgatory ('ga-to-ri), adj. con- 
 taining reproof or censure. 
 
 oblate (-lat'), adj. depressed or flat- 
 tened at the poles ; orange-shaped ; 
 in the Roman Catholic Church, not- 
 ing a secular priest who has devoted 
 himself and his property to the mon- 
 astery he has entered. 
 
 oblation (-la'shun), n. an offering or 
 sacrifice; anything presented in re- 
 ligious worship. 
 
 obligation (-li-ga'shun), n. the bind- 
 ing power of a vow, , promise, or 
 contract ; the state of being indebted 
 for a favor ; in law, a bond to 
 which a penalty is annexed on fail- 
 ure of due performance. 
 
 obligatory (ob'li-ga-to-ri), adj. mor- 
 ally or legally binding. 
 
 oblige (o-bllj'), v.t. to constrain by 
 force, morally,. legally, or physically; 
 bind by some favor or kindness 
 rendered ; render a favor to ; gratify. 
 
 obs 
 
 obligee (ob-li-je'), n. one to whom a 
 bond is given. 
 
 obliging (o-bllj'ing), p.adj. complai- 
 sant ; civil or courteous. 
 
 obliger ('er), n. one who obliges. 
 
 obligor (ob'li-gor), n. one who is 
 bound by a bond. 
 
 oblique (-lek'), adj. deviating from 
 a right line ; not parallel ; not di- 
 rect or straightforward. 
 
 oblique angle (ang'gl), n. an angle 
 greater or less than a right angle. 
 
 oblique case (kas), n. in grammar, 
 any case except the nominative. 
 
 obliquely ('li), adv. in an oblique 
 manner or direction. 
 
 obliqueness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being oblique ; slanting 
 direction; moral error. Also obliq- 
 uity. 
 
 obliterate (-lit'er-at), v.t. to efface 
 or wear out ; destroy by the effects 
 of time or other means. 
 
 obliteration (-a'shun), n. the act of 
 obliterating ; effacement. 
 
 oblivion (-liv'i-un), n. the state of 
 being blotted out from memory ; for- 
 getfulness. 
 
 oblivious ('i-us), adj. forgetful. 
 
 oblong ('long), adj. longer than 
 broad : n. a geometrical figure of 
 such shape. 
 
 obloquy ('16-kwi), n. reproachful 
 language ; calumny ; slander ; re- 
 proach. 
 
 obnoxious (-nok'shus), adj. deserv- 
 ing of censure or disapproval ; hate- 
 ful ; offensive ; unpopular. 
 
 oboe (o'bo-e), n. a musical wind in- 
 strument of the reed class ; hautboy ; 
 an organ stop. 
 
 obolus (ob'o-lus), n. an ancient 
 Greek coin, value l a /4 farthings; an 
 Attic weight = l-6th of a drachma. 
 
 obovate (-6'vat), adj. inversely ovate." 
 
 obscene (-sen'), adj. offensive to 
 chastity; impure in language or ac- 
 tion ; indecent ; filthy. 
 
 obscenely ('li), adv. in an obscene 
 manner. 
 
 obsceneness ('nes), n. impurity in 
 language or action ; indecency. Also 
 obscenity. 
 
 obscure (-skur'), adj. without light 
 or distinctness ; dark ; not easily un- 
 derstood ; illegible ; secluded ; hum- 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
oTjs 
 
 ob-» 
 
 ble: v.t. to darken or dim;_ dis- 
 guise ; render less visible or intel- 
 ligible ; tarnish; make mean. 
 
 obscurely ('li), adv. in an obscure 
 manner. 
 
 obscureness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being obscure. Also 
 obscurity. 
 
 obsecrate ('se-krat), v.t. to implore. 
 
 obsecration (-kra'shun), n. en- 
 treaty. 
 
 obsequies ('se-kwiz), n.pl. funeral 
 rites. 
 
 obsequious (-se'kwi-us) , adj. servile ; 
 compliant to excess. 
 
 observable (-zer'va-bl), adj. capable 
 of being observed ; worthy of obser- 
 vation ; remarkable. 
 
 observably (-bli), adv. remarkably. 
 
 observance ('vans), n. the act of ob- 
 serving ; performance of rites ; rule 
 of -practice. 
 
 observant ( 'vant) , adj. taking 
 notice ; attentive ; mindful. 
 
 observation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
 observing ; attention ; that which is 
 observed ; remark ; note. 
 
 observational ('shun-al), adj. con- 
 sisting of, or containing, observa- 
 tions. 
 
 observatory ('va-to-ri), n. [pi. ob- 
 servatories (-riz)], a building fitted 
 up for astronomical research. 
 
 observe (-zerv'), v.t. to keep in view ; 
 take notice of ; celebrate ; practice 
 ceremonially ; mention : v.i. to make 
 observations. 
 
 observing ('ing), p.adj. giving par- 
 ticular attention to. Also observant. 
 
 obsidian (-sid'i-an), n. volcanic 
 larva of a glassy appearance. 
 
 obsolescence (-so-les'ens), n. the 
 state of becoming obsolete. 
 
 obsolescent Cent), adj. becoming ob- 
 solete. 
 
 obsolete ('s5-let), adj. gone out of 
 date ; disused ; imperfectly developed. 
 
 obsoleteness (-nes), n. the state of 
 being obsolete ; indistinctness. 
 
 obsteric (-stet'rik), adj. pertaining 
 to midwifery: n.pl. the science of 
 midwifery. 
 
 obstetrician (-ste-trish'an), n. an 
 accoucheur. 
 
 obstinacy ('sti-na-si), n. the state or 
 
 quality of being obstinate ; stub- 
 bornness. Also obstinateness. 
 
 obstinate ('sti-nat), adj. perti- 
 naciously adhering to one's opinior 
 or purpose ; stubborn. 
 
 obstinately (-li), adv. in an obsti 
 nate manner. 
 
 obstreperous (-strep'er-us), adj. 
 clamorously noisy ; turbulent. 
 
 obstruct (-strukt'), v.t. to block u] 
 or impede ; hinder from passing ; in- 
 terrupt.^ 
 
 obstruction (-struk'shun), n. an im- 
 pediment. 
 
 obstructionist (-ist), n. a member 
 of a legislative assembly who make« 
 use of its rules to deliberately hinder 
 the progress of public business. 
 
 obstructive ('tiv), adj. causing ob 
 struction. 
 
 obtain (-tan'), v.t. to get possession 
 of ; gain ; acquire ; win ; procure . 
 v.i. to be established in practice 01 
 use. 
 
 obtainment ('ment), n. the act of 
 obtaining. 
 
 obtrude (-trood'), v.t. to thrust in or 
 upon ; urge or offer with unreason- 
 able importunity: v.i. to enter un- 
 invited. 
 
 obtrusion (-trdo'zhun), n. the act of 
 obtruding. 
 
 obtrusive ('siv), adj. inclined or 
 apt to intrude. 
 
 obtrusively (-li), adv. by way of 
 obtrusion. 
 
 obtuse (-tus'), adj. not pointed or 
 acute ; greater than a right angle ; 
 dull. 
 
 obtusely ('li), adv. in an obtuse 
 manner. 
 
 obtuseness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being obtuse; bluntness; 
 mental dulness. 
 
 obverse (-vers'), adj. bearing ' the 
 head : said of a coin or medal ; nar- 
 rower at the base than the top : 
 said of a leaf or radicle: n. ('vers) 
 the side of a coin or medal having 
 the face or head upon it : opposed to 
 reverse. 
 
 obversely ('li), adv. in an obverse 
 form. 
 
 obvert (-vert'), v.t. to turn towards; 
 face. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
obv 
 
 Oct 
 
 obviate ('vi-at), v.t. to remove, as 
 difficulties or objections. 
 
 obvious ('vi-us), adj. evident. 
 
 obvolute ('vo-lut), adj. arranged so 
 as to overlap, as the margins of an 
 organ or part of a plant. 
 
 oca (6'ka),w. a South American plant 
 with a tuberous root resembling the 
 potato. 
 
 occasion (ok-ka'zhun) , n. occurrence ; 
 state or position of affairs ; opportu- 
 nity ; incidental cause or need ; exi- 
 gence: v.t. to cause or influence di- 
 rectly or indirectly ; give rise to. 
 
 occasional (-al), adj. incidental or 
 casual. 
 
 occasionally (-li), adv. incidentally 
 or casually. 
 
 Occident (ok'si-dent), n. the West; 
 the countries west of Asia and the 
 Turkish dominions. 
 
 Occidental (-si-den'tal), adj. of or 
 belonging to the Occident : n. sl na- 
 tive of the Occident. 
 
 occipital (-sip'i-tal), adj. pertaining 
 to the occiput. 
 
 occiput ('si-put), n. the hinder part 
 of the skull or head. 
 
 occult (-kulf), adj. hidden; secret; 
 invisible. 
 
 occultation (-kul-ta'shun), n. tem- 
 porary disappearance or obscura- 
 tion : said of one heavenly body when 
 another conceals it from sight. 
 
 occulted (-kult'ed), adj. hidden from 
 the vision, as a star, &c. 
 
 occultism ('izm), n. Eastern theos- 
 ophy. 
 
 occultly ('li), adv. in an occult man- 
 ner. 
 
 occult sciences (sl'en-sez), n.pl. 
 magic, alchemy, and astrology. 
 
 occupancy ('u-pan-si), n. the act of 
 taking and holding in possession. 
 
 occupant ('u-pant), n. one who has 
 possession. 
 
 occupation (-pa'shun), n. the act or 
 state of occupying; business, em- 
 ployment, or calling. 
 
 occupier ('u-pl-er), n. one who oc- 
 cupies. 
 
 occupy ('u-pi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. occu- 
 pied, p.pr. occupying], to take pos- 
 session of ; hold or keep in posses- 
 sion, as for use ; fill or cover ; em- 
 ploy : v.i. to traffic. 
 
 occur (-ker'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. oc- 
 curred, p.pr. ocurring], to happen 
 or take place ; come to the mind ; 
 be found or met with. 
 
 occurrence (-kur'ens), n. an acci- 
 dent, event, or incident. 
 
 ocean (o'shun), n. the vast expanse 
 of salt water covering more than 
 3-5ths of the globe ; any one of its 
 chief divisions ; an immense expanse : 
 adj. pertaining to the great expanse 
 of salt water. 
 
 oceanic (-she-an'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, occurring in, or produced by, the 
 ocean. 
 
 ocelot ('se-lot),) n. the Mexican cat. 
 
 ochre ('ker), n. a fine yellow- or 
 brown-colored clay : used as a pig- 
 ment. 
 
 octa, a prefix meaning eight. Also 
 octo, as octachord, an instrument of 
 8 strings ; a system of 8 sounds ; 
 octodecimo, a book with 18 leaves to 
 the sheet (18mo.). 
 
 octagon (ok'ta-gon) , n. a plane figure 
 of 8 sides and 8 angles. 
 
 octagonal (-tag'o-nal), adj. having 8 
 sides and 8 angles. 
 
 octahedral (-ta-he'dral), adj. having 
 8 equal sides. 
 
 octahedron ('drun), n. a solid figure 
 contained by 8 equal equilateral tri- 
 angles. 
 
 octangular (-tang'gu-lar), adj. hav- 
 ing 8 angles. 
 
 octant ('tant), n. the 8th part of a 
 circle. 
 
 octave ('tav), n. an eighth, or an in- 
 terval of 12 semitones ; the 8th day 
 after a church festival, the festival 
 itself being included; a small cask 
 of wine = l-8th of a pipe : adj. con- 
 sisting of_8._ 
 
 octavo (-ta'vo), n. a sheet of printing 
 paper folded in 8 leaves or 16 pages 
 (8vo.) : adj. having 8 leaves or 16 
 pages to the sheet. 
 
 octennial (-ten'i-al), adj. recurring 
 every 8th year; continuing 8 years. 
 
 octennially (-li), adv. every 8 years. 
 
 octillion (ok-til'yun), n. in French 
 and American numeration the num- 
 ber represented by 1 followed by 27 
 ciphers ; in English numeration 1 
 followed by 48 ciphers. 
 
 octodecimo (-td-des'i-mo), adj. con- 
 
 &te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon,, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
oct 
 
 sisting of 18 leaves or 36 pages to a 
 sheet : n. a book of such size 
 (18mo.). 
 
 octogenarian (-to-je-na/ri-an), n. 
 one who is 80 years old : adj. 80 
 years old. 
 
 octopod ('to-pod), n. an animal with 
 8 feet. 
 
 octopns ('to-pus), n. [pi. octopuses 
 (-ez)], a genus of Cephalopods hav- 
 ing 8 arms, containing the cuttle- 
 fish. 
 
 octoroon (-to-roon'), n. the offspring 
 of a white person and a quadroon. 
 
 octuple (|tu-pl), adj. eight-fold. 
 
 ocular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining to, 
 depending on, or formed by, the eye ; 
 known from actual sight. 
 
 oculiform ('u-li-form), adj. eye- 
 shaped. 
 
 oculist ('u-list), n. one who is skilled 
 in the treatment of eye diseases. 
 
 odd (od), adj. not paired or matched 
 with another ; not even ; not exactly 
 divisible by 2 ; unusual ; peculiar ; 
 eccentric. 
 
 Odd Fellow ('fel-6), n. a member of 
 the order of the benevolent society 
 of Odd Fellows. 
 
 oddity ('i-ti), n. a person or thing 
 that is peculiar ; eccentricity ; 
 strangeness. 
 
 odds (odz), n.pl. inequality; advan- 
 tage ; superiority ; excess of either 
 compared with the other ; probabil- 
 ity ; more than an even wager. 
 
 ode (od), n. a short song; lyric poem. 
 
 odious (o'di-us), adj. offensive; un- 
 popular. 
 
 odium ('di-um), n. hatred; dislike. 
 
 odometer (o-dom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for registering the number 
 of revolutions of a carriage-wheel, to 
 which it is attached. 
 
 odontoid (-don'toid), adj. tooth-like. 
 
 odontology (-tol'o-ji), n. dental sci- 
 ence ; a treatise on the teeth. 
 
 odoriferous (-der-if'er-us), adj. dif- 
 fusing fragrance. 
 
 odorous ('der-us), adj. emitting an 
 odor or scent ; fragrant. 
 
 odor ( 'der ) , n. a scent ; estimation. 
 
 o'er, same as over. 
 
 oesophagus. See esophagus. 
 
 of (ov), prep, from; out of; belong- 
 
 oft 
 
 ing to ; according to ; proceeding 
 from. 
 
 off (of), adj. most distant; noting the 
 right-hand side in driving, or the 
 left-hand side of the bowler at crick- 
 et : adv. away from : prep, not on ; 
 distant from : inter j. begone ! 
 
 offal (of'al), n. refuse; waste meat. 
 
 offend (-fend'), v.t. to displease or 
 make angry ; molest or annoy ; pain 
 or shock : v.i. to transgress ; do any- 
 thing displeasing. 
 
 offense (-fens'), n. any cause of an- 
 ger or displeasure ; insult ; injury ; 
 assault. 
 
 offensive (-fen'siv), adj. causing dis- 
 pleasure ; annoying ; disagreeable ; 
 disgusting ; used in attack :. n. the 
 act of attacking (with the). 
 
 offensively (-li), adv. in an offensive 
 manner. 
 
 offensiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being offensive. 
 
 offer ('er), v.t. to present for accept- 
 ance or refusal ; proffer ; present in 
 worship or sacrifice ; bid as a price 
 or reward : v.i. to be ready ; express 
 a willingness ; attempt or make an 
 attempt : n. a proposal made ; price 
 offered ; first advance. 
 
 offering (-ing), n. that which is of- 
 fered ; a sacrifice ; oblation. 
 
 office (of'is), n. public or private 
 business ; employment ; function ; 
 act of worship ; formulary of devo- 
 tion; act of kindness; service; 
 apartment for the transaction of 
 business : pi. the outlying buildings 
 of a mansion ; apartments of a house 
 in which domestics discharge their 
 duties. 
 
 officer ('is-er), n. a person commis- 
 sioned to perform a certain public 
 duty : v.t. to furnish with officers. 
 
 official (-fish'al), adj. pertaining to 
 an office or public duty; from the 
 proper authority : n. one who holds 
 a civil office. 
 
 officialism (-izm), n. government by 
 officials ; official routine. 
 
 officially (-li), adv. by the proper of- 
 ficer ; in an official manner. 
 
 officiate ('i-at), v.i. to perform the 
 
 duties of an office. 
 officinal (-fis'i-nal), adj. noting drugs 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 D - 37. book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
off 
 
 oli 
 
 officially recognized by the pharma- 
 copoeia. 
 
 officious (fish'us), adj. too forward 
 in offering services ; meddling. 
 
 offing (of'ing), n. that part of the sea 
 with deep water off the shore. 
 
 off scouring ('skour-ing), n. refuse. 
 
 off scum ('skum), n. dregs; filth. 
 
 offset ('set), n. a young shoot or 
 bud ; a sum or account placed as an 
 equivalent for another ; in survey- 
 ing, a perpendicular let fall from the 
 main line to an outlying point. 
 
 offside ('sid), n. the side to the right 
 hand of the driver. 
 
 offspring ('spring), n. children; de- 
 scendants. 
 
 often , ('en), adv. many times; fre- 
 quently^ 
 
 ogee (o-je'), n. a wave-like molding, 
 one side convex the other concave ; 
 a cyma. 
 
 ogle ('gl), v.t. to look fondly at with 
 a side glance : n. a side glance. 
 
 ogre (o'ger), n. an imaginary man- 
 eating monster or giant. Feminine 
 ogress. 
 
 ogreish (-ish), adj. like an ogre. 
 
 oh (o), inter j. an exclamation of won- 
 der, pain, or anxiety. 
 
 ohm (6m), n. the unit of electrical 
 resistance. 
 
 oil (oil), n. a highly inflammable 
 fatty liquid obtained from various 
 animal and vegetable substances : 
 v.t. to lubricate with oil. 
 
 oilcake ('kak), n. the substance 
 that remains after the oil has been 
 expressed, as from flaxseed. 
 
 oilcloth ('klotn), n. painted canvas 
 for floor covering. 
 
 oil-color ('kul-er), n. a pigment 
 made by grinding a coloring sub- 
 stance in oil ; a painting executed in 
 oil-colors. 
 
 oiliness ('i-nes), n. oily quality; 
 greasiness. 
 
 oily ('i), adj. containing, or like, oil; 
 greasy ; unctuous ; flattering. 
 
 ointment (oint'ment), n. an unctu- 
 ous substance applied to a wound or 
 injured part. 
 
 okra (ok'ra), n. a West Indian plant, 
 the pods of which are used in soups, 
 &c. Okro, ochra. 
 
 old (old), adj. [comp. older, supcrl. 
 oldest], aged; decayed by time; an- 
 cient ; out of date ; long practiced. 
 
 olden (ol'den), adj. ancient; bygone. 
 
 oldish (old'ish), adj. somewhat old. 
 
 old style (stil), n. the old mode of 
 reckoning time according to the 
 Julian year of 365 ^ days. 
 
 oleaginous (o-le-aj'i-nus), adj. oily; 
 unctuous. 
 
 oleander (-an'der), n. an evergreen 
 shrub with handsome fragrant flow- 
 ers. 
 
 oleaster (-as'ter), n. the wild olive. 
 
 oleate ('le-at), n. a salt of oleic acid. 
 
 defiant ('e-fl'ant), adj. noting a gas 
 formed by heating 2 volumes of sul- 
 phuric acid with 1 volume of alcohol. 
 
 olefiant gas (gas), n. heavy car- 
 buretted hydrogen. 
 
 define (o'le-fin), n. a hydrocarbon 
 containing 2 atoms of hydrogen and 
 1 atom of carbon. 
 
 oleic ('le-ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 obtained from, oil. 
 
 oleic acid (as'id), n. an oily acid ob- 
 tained from the saponification of lin- 
 seed and other oils, or in the making 
 of soap. 
 
 oleiferous (-le-if'er-us, adj. produc- 
 ing oil. 
 
 oleine ('le-in), n. the pure liquid part 
 of oil or fat. Also olein. 
 
 oleo, a prefix meaning oily, pertaining 
 to oil, or oily. 
 
 oleograph ('le-o-graf), n. a litho- 
 graph in oil-colors. 
 
 oleomargarine (-o-mar'gar-in), n. 
 imitation butter made from milk and 
 animal fat, &c. 
 
 oleometer (-om'e-ter), n. an instru- 
 ment for testing and determining the 
 relative density of oils. 
 
 oleo-oil (-oil), n. oil obtained from 
 animal fat. 
 
 olfactory (ol-fak'to-ri), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or used in, smelling : n. organ 
 of smell (usually pi.). 
 
 olibanum (o-lib'a-num), n. a gum 
 resin ; the frankincense of the an- 
 cients. Also oliban. 
 
 oligarch ( ol'i-gark ) , n. one of an oli- 
 garchy. 
 
 oligarchal (-al), adj. pertaining to 
 an oligarchy. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
•li 
 
 onw 
 
 oligarchy ('i-giir-ki), n. [pi. oligar- 
 chies (-kiz)], government in which 
 the supreme power is in the hands 
 of a few ; a state so governed. 
 
 olive ('iv), n. a plant of the genus 
 Olea, or its oily fruit ; a tawny yel- 
 low color : adj. pertaining to, or re- 
 sembling, the olive. 
 
 olive-branch (-branch), n. the 
 branch of the olive : the emblem of 
 peace. 
 
 olivet ('i-vet), n. an imitation pearl 
 made for traffic with savage races. 
 
 olivil ('i-vil), n. a. crystalline sub- 
 stance obtained from the gum of the 
 olive tree. 
 
 olivine ('i-vin), n. a variety of chrys- 
 olite. 
 
 Olympiad (o-lim'pi-ad), n. in an- 
 cient Greece, the interval (4 years) 
 between the celebration of the Olym- 
 pic games : a system of chronology 
 reckoning from the first Olympiad, 
 776 B.C. 
 
 Olympic ('pik), adj. pertaining to 
 Olympia in Elis, where the Olympic 
 games were celebrated. Also Olym- 
 pian : n.pl. the Olympic games of 
 ancient Greece, celebrated every 4 
 years in honor of Zeus of Mt. Olym- 
 pus. 
 
 omber, ombre (om'ber), n. a card 
 game. 
 
 ombrometer (-brom'e-ter) , n. a rain- 
 gage. 
 
 omega (o-me'ga), n. the last letter of 
 the Greek alphabet : hence the last ; 
 end. 
 
 omelet (om'e-let), n. a kind of pan- 
 cake of eggs, &c. 
 
 omen (o'men), n. a sign of some fu- 
 ture event : v.t. to portend or prog- 
 nosticate. 
 
 ominous (om'i-nus), adj. foreboding 
 evil ; inauspicious. 
 
 omission (o-mish'un), n. neglect or 
 failure to do something required ; 
 something omitted. 
 
 omit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. omitted, 
 p.pr. omitting] , to leave out ; neg- 
 lect ; fail to mention. 
 
 omni, a prefix meaning all, entirely, 
 as omnipresent. 
 
 omnibus (om'ni-bus), n. a public 
 four-wheeled carriage for passenger 
 traffic. 
 
 omnipotence (-nip'o-tens), n. unlim- 
 ited power. 
 
 omnipotent ('o-tent), adj. having 
 unlimited power. 
 
 Omnipotent, n. God (with the). 
 
 omnipresence (-ni-prez'ens), n. uni- 
 versal presence. 
 
 omniscient (-nish'ent), adj. know- 
 ing all things ; infinitely wise. 
 
 omnivorous (-niv'er-us), adj. feed- 
 ing upon animal and vegetable food ; 
 all-devouring. 
 
 on (on), prep, upon; in contact with 
 the upper part ; at ; near : adv. for- 
 ward ; onward : adj. noting the side 
 to the right of the batsman in crick- 
 et : inter j. go on ! 
 
 onager (on'a-jer), n. the wild ass. 
 
 onanism (o'nan-izm), n. masturba- 
 tion. 
 
 once (wuns), adv. at one time; for- 
 merly ; one time. 
 
 one (wun), adj. single in number; 
 some way ; individual : n. [pi. ones 
 (wunz)], the number one or its 
 symbol ; an individual. 
 
 onerous ( on'er-us ) , adj. burdensome ; 
 weighty ; oppressive. 
 
 onion (un'yun), n. a bulbous-rooted 
 plant of the genus Allium : used in 
 cookery. 
 
 only (on'li), adj. single; one and no 
 more : adv. singly ; merely. 
 
 onomatopoeia (on-o-mat-o-pe'ya), n. 
 the formation of words to resemble 
 the sounds made by the thing sig- 
 nified, as whiz ; the use of words so 
 formed, or the word itself. 
 
 onomatopoetic (-po-et'ik), adj. 
 formed by onomatopoeia. Also ono- 
 matopoeic. 
 
 onset ('set), n. an assault; attack. 
 
 onslaught ('slawt), n. a furious at- 
 tack. 
 
 ontogenesis (-to-jen'e-sis), n. the 
 history of the evolution of individual 
 organisms. Also ontogeny. 
 
 ontological (-to-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to ontology ; metaphysical. 
 
 ontologist (-tol'o-jist), n. a meta- 
 physician. 
 
 ontology ('o-ji), n. the logic of pure 
 being ; metaphysics. 
 
 onus (o'nus), n. a burden; duty; ob- 
 ligation. 
 
 onward (on'werd), adj. advancing; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ony 
 
 progressing : adv. in advance. Also 
 onwards : inter j. forward ! 
 
 onyx (on'iks), n. a variety of agate. 
 
 oolite (6'o-llt), n. a limestone com- 
 posed of grains like the roe of a fish. 
 
 oolitic (-lit'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 composed of, or like, oolite. 
 
 oology (-ol'o-ji), n. a treatise on 
 , birds' eggs ; the scientific study of 
 birds' eggs. 
 
 oolong (oo'long), n. a Chinese black 
 tea, the flavor of which resembles 
 green tea. Also oulong. 
 
 oomiak ('mi-ak), n. an Eskimo fish- 
 ing and transport boat. Also oomi- 
 ac, umiak._ 
 
 oosperm (o'o-sperm), n. a fertilized 
 ovum. • 
 
 ootheca (-the'ka), n. the egg-case of 
 certain mollusks and insects contain- 
 ing the eggs. 
 
 ooze (ooz), n. soft mud or slime; gen- 
 tle flow ; liquor of a tan vat : v.i. to 
 flow gently ; percolate. 
 
 opacity (o-pas'i-ti), n. opaqueness. 
 
 op ah ('pa), n. the k^ing-fish. 
 
 opal ('pal), n. a precious stone of 
 milky hue, exhibiting a play of vari- 
 ous colors. 
 
 opalesce (-es'), v.i. to exhibit a play 
 of various colors like the opal. 
 
 opalescence ('ens), n. the quality of 
 being opalescent. 
 
 opalescent ('ent), adj. resembling 
 opal in its reflection of light. 
 
 opaline ('pa-lin), adj. pertaining to, 
 or resembling, the opal. 
 
 opaque (-pak'), adj. not transparent. 
 
 opaqueness (-nes), n. the quality or 
 state of being opaque. 
 
 ope (op), v. & adj. same as open 
 [Poet.]. 
 
 open ('n), adj. not shut; unfastened; 
 clear of trees ; unsealed ; clear ; un- 
 reserved ; public ; generous ; frank ; 
 sincere ; enunciated without closing 
 the mouth : v.t. to make open ; be- 
 gin ; expand ; break the seal of : v.i. 
 to unclose itself ; commence ; begin 
 to appear ; bark in view or the scent 
 of game : said of a dog. 
 
 open door, n. a political term for in- 
 ternational free trade, chiefly used in 
 connection with oriental countries. 
 
 opening (-ing), n. an aperture; op- 
 portunity : adj. first in order. 
 
 opk 
 
 opera (op'er-a), w. a musical drama. 
 
 opera-bouffe (-boof), n. a comic 
 opera. 
 
 opera-cloak (-klok), n. a lady's 
 evening dress cloak worn at an 
 opera, theater, &c. 
 
 opera-glass (-glas), n. a small bi- 
 nocular glass used in operas, thea- 
 ters, &c. 
 
 operameter (-er-am'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for recording the number 
 of f evolutions made by the shaft or 
 wheel of a machine. 
 
 operate ('er-at), v.i. to work; pro- 
 duce a certain effect ; perform a sur- 
 gical operation : v.t. to cause to per- 
 form certain work : as, to operate a 
 machine. 
 
 operatic (-at'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 the opera. 
 
 operation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
 operating ; agency ; effect ; manipu- 
 lation ; surgical performance with 
 instruments ; a series of movements 
 of an army or fleet. 
 
 operative ( 'er-a-tiv ) , adj. having the 
 power of acting ; efliacious ; vigor- 
 ous : n. an artisan or skilled work- 
 man. 
 
 operator ('er-a-ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, operates. 
 
 operetta (op-er-et'a), n. a light mu- 
 sical drama. 
 
 ophicleide (of'i-klid), n. a large 
 brass keyed musical instrument of 
 the horn class. 
 
 Ophidia (o-fid'i-a), n.pl. an order of 
 reptiles, including the serpents. 
 
 ophidian ('i-an), adj. pertaining to 
 the Ophidia ; snake-like : n. one of 
 the Ophidia. 
 
 ophiological (of-i-o-loj'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to ophiology. 
 
 ophiology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 
 of natural history which treats of 
 serpents. 
 
 ophthalmia (of-thal'mi-a), n. in- 
 flammation of the eye or eyeball. 
 Also ophthalmitis. 
 
 ophthalmic ('mik), adj. pertaining 
 to the eye. 
 
 ophthalmologist (-mol'o-jist), n. 
 one who is skilled in diseases of the 
 eye. 
 
 ophthalmology ('o-ji), n. the sci- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut: think, taen. 
 
©ph 
 
 ence that treats of the eye and its 
 diseases. 
 ophthalmoscope ('mo-skop), n. an 
 instrument for examining the inte- 
 rior of the eye. 
 
 ophthalmoscopy (-mos'ko-pi) , w. ex- 
 amination of the eye. 
 
 ophthalmoscopy ('mo-sko-pi), n. ex- 
 section or extraction of the eye. 
 
 opiate (6'pi-at), n. a medicine com- 
 pounded with opium to induce sleep 
 or rest ; narcotic ; anything that 
 soothes : adj. narcotic ; soothing ; in- 
 ducing sleep or quiet. 
 
 opine (o-pin'), v.i. to think; be of 
 opinion. 
 
 opinion (-pin'yun), n. belief or judg- 
 ment ; estimation ; persuasion. 
 
 opinionated (-a-ted), adj. firm or 
 obstinate in one's opinions. 
 
 opinionative (-a-tiv), adj. fond of 
 preconceived ideas ; self-conceited. 
 
 opinionatively (-H), adv. obsti- 
 nately. 
 
 opium (o'pi-um), n. the dried juice 
 of the capsules of the white poppy. 
 
 opobalsam ( op-o-bawl'sam ) , n. balm 
 of Gilead. 
 
 opodeldoc (-del'dok), n. a soap lini- 
 ment : used for sprains, &c. 
 
 opossum (o-pos'um), n. an American 
 and Australian marsupial carnivo- 
 rous mammal. 
 
 opponent (op-po'nent), adj. oppo- 
 site ; adverse ; antagonistic : n'. one 
 who opposes, especially in argument 
 or debate ; adversary. 
 
 opportune (-per-tun'), adj. well- 
 timed ; seasonable. 
 
 opportunely ('li), adv. seasonably. 
 
 opportuneness ('nes), n. seasona- 
 bleness. 
 
 opportunism ('izm), n. sacrifice of 
 principle to circumstances, especial- 
 ly in politics. 
 
 opportunist ('ist), n. one who takes 
 advantage of circumstances to pro- 
 mote the political interests of his 
 party. 
 
 opportunity (-tu'ni-ti), n. conven- 
 ient time or occasion. 
 
 opposable (-poz'a-bl), adj. that may 
 be opposed. 
 
 oppose (-poz'), v.t. to act against; 
 contend with ; resist ; place as an 
 obstacle ; check. 
 
 opt 
 
 opposite ('po-zit), adj. placed or 
 standing in front ; contrary ; ad- 
 verse ; antagonistic. 
 
 oppositely (-li), adv. in front; ad- 
 versely. 
 
 oppositeness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being opposite. 
 
 opposition (-zish'un), n. the act or 
 state of opposing ; hostile resistance ; 
 contrariety ; obstacle ; the situation 
 of two heavenly bodies when their 
 longitudes differ by 180° ; the col- 
 lective body of opponents to the ex- 
 isting administration or government. 
 
 oppositionist (-ist), n. one of the 
 party that opposes an administra- 
 tion or government. 
 
 oppress (-pres'), v.t. to burden ; crush 
 by hardship or severity ; lie heavily 
 upon. 
 
 oppression (-presh'un), n. the act of 
 oppressing : state of being oppressed ; 
 hardship ; calamity ; injustice ; lassi- 
 tude ; dulness. 
 
 oppressive (-pres'iv), adj. unreason- 
 ably burdensome ; unjustly severe ; 
 tyrannical ; overpowering ; heavy. 
 
 oppressively (-li), adv. in an oppres- 
 sive manner. 
 
 oppressiveness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being oppressive. 
 
 oppressor ('er), n. one who op- 
 presses. 
 
 opprobrious (-pr5'bri-us), adj. ex- 
 pressive of opprobrium ; reproachful 
 and contemptuous ; disgraceful. 
 
 opprobrium ('bri-um), n. reproach 
 with disdain or contempt ; ignominy. 
 
 opsiometer (-si-om'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring the limits of 
 distinct vision. 
 
 optative ('ta-tiv), adj. expressing de- 
 sire or wish. 
 
 optic ('tik), adj. pertaining to vision. 
 Also optical : n.pl. the science of the 
 properties of light and vision. 
 
 optically (-al-li), adv. by optics or 
 vision. 
 
 optician (-tish'un), n. one skilled in 
 optics; one who makes or sells opti- 
 cal instruments. 
 
 optigraph ('ti-graf), n. a kind of 
 camera for copying landscapes. 
 
 optimism ('ti-mizm), n. the doctrine 
 that everything in the present state 
 of existence is for the best. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
opt 
 
 optimist ('ti-mist), n. one who holds 
 the doctrine of optimism. 
 
 optimistic (-mis'tik), adj. character- 
 ized by optimism ; sanguine. 
 
 optimistically (-al-li), adv. hope- 
 fully. 
 
 option ('shun), n. power or right of 
 choice ; wish ; selection ; on the 
 Stock Exchange, the liberty to sell 
 or buy stock in a time bargain at a 
 stated price. 
 
 optional (-al), adj. left to one's wish 
 or choice. 
 
 optionally (-li), adv. at one's own 
 option. 
 
 optometer, same as opsiometer. 
 
 opulence ('u-lens), n. wealth. Also 
 opulency. 
 
 opulent ('ti-lent), adj. wealthy; 
 rich. 
 
 opus (o'pus), n. [pi. opera (-op'er- 
 a)], a work; musical composition. 
 
 opuscule ('kul), n. a little work; 
 brochure. 
 
 or <6r), conj. the correlative of either. 
 
 oracle (or'a-kl), n. among the an- 
 cients, the response of a deity or in- 
 spired priest to some inquiry ; the 
 deity who gave the answer ; the place 
 where a deity might be consulted ; 
 the Jewish temple ; a prophetic dec- 
 laration ; a prophet or person of 
 reputed wisdom. 
 
 oracular (o-rak'u-lar), adj. of the 
 nature of an oracle ; uttering ora- 
 cles ; dogmatically magisterial ; am- 
 biguous ; venerable. 
 
 oral ('ral), adj. verbal. 
 
 orally (-li), adv. verbally. 
 
 orange (or'enj), n. a tree (Citrus 
 Aurantium) with a deep golden-col- 
 ored and juicy fruit ; the color of 
 such fruit : adj. pertaining to an 
 orange ; orange-colored. 
 
 orangeade (-ad'), n. a beverage made 
 from orange- juice. 
 
 orangeman (-man), n. [pi. orange- 
 men (-men)], a member of a polit- 
 ical society of Irish Protestants : 
 named from William III., Prince of 
 Orange. 
 
 orangery (-ri), n. a place for the 
 cultivation of oranges. 
 
 orang-outang (o-rang'oo-tang), n. 
 the great anthropoid ape of the East- 
 ern Archipelago. 
 
 ord 
 
 oration (-ra/shun), n. a formal pub- 
 lic speech delivered on an occasion 
 of special importance ; harangue. 
 
 orator (or'a-ter), n. one who makes 
 an oration ; an eloquent speaker. 
 
 oratorical (-tor'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to an orator or to oratory ; rhe- 
 torical. 
 
 oratorio ally (-li), adv. in a rhetori- 
 cal manner. 
 
 oratorio (-to'ri-o), n. a musical com- 
 position having a sacred theme as 
 its subject. 
 
 oratory ('a-to-ri), n. the art of an 
 orator ; eloquence : n.pl. oratories, a 
 small chapel, especially one for pri- 
 vate devotion. 
 
 orb (orb), n. a circular body; sphere; 
 the eye ; circuit. 
 
 orbed ('d), adj. spherical. Orbicu- 
 late. 
 
 orbicular (-bik'u-lar), adj. orb- 
 shaped. 
 
 orbit ('bit), n. the bony cavity of the 
 eye; the path described by a heav- 
 enly body during its periodical rev- 
 olution. 
 
 orbital (-al), adj. pertaining to an 
 orbit. 
 
 orchard ('cherd), n. an inclosure of 
 fruit trees. 
 
 orchestra ('kes-tra), n. in the an- 
 cient Greek theater the place where 
 the chorus danced ; in a modern the- 
 ater, &c, the place occupied by the 
 musicians ; the parquet ; the body of 
 musicians. 
 
 orchestral (-tral), adj. pertaining 
 to, suited to, or performed by, an 
 orchestra. 
 
 orchestration (-tra'shun), n. musi- 
 cal arrangement or instrumentation 
 for an orchestra. 
 
 orchid ('kid), n. a handsome flower, 
 often of fantastic shape, of the genus 
 Orchis. 
 
 Orchis ('kis), n. a genus of plants 
 with curiously-shaped roots and 
 flowers. 
 
 orcin ('sin), n. a coloring substance 
 obtained from lichens. 
 
 ordain (-dan'), v.t. to appoint; in- 
 stitute ; invest with ministerial or 
 priestly functions. 
 
 ordeal ('de-al), n. an ancient method 
 of trial by fire, water, combat, &c, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ord 
 
 orl 
 
 to determine the guilt or innocence 
 of an accused person : hence a severe 
 trial or test. 
 
 order ('der), n. method or regular ar- 
 rangement ; settled mode of proced- 
 ure ; rule ; regulation ; command : 
 class ; rank ; degree ; a religious fra- 
 ternity ; an association of persons 
 possessing a common honorary dis- 
 tinction ; a division intermediate be- 
 tween a class or sub-class and a 
 family ; in architecture, a system of 
 constructing and ornamenting col- 
 umns, comprising the Tuscan, Doric, 
 Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite : 
 pi. the three orders (bishop, priest, 
 deacon) of the Christian ministry in 
 an Episcopal Church (Holy Or- 
 ders) : v.t. to regulate or manage; 
 command ; conduct ; direct : v.i. to 
 give a command or order. 
 
 ordering ('der-ing), n. arrangement; 
 distribution. 
 
 orderly ('der-li), adj. well regulated; 
 methodical ; performed in good or- 
 der ; peaceable ; on military duty : n. 
 a soldier who attends upon an offi- 
 cer to carry his orders : adv. method- 
 ically. 
 
 ordinal ('din-al), adj. noting order: 
 n. a number noting order ; a book 
 containing the form of service for 
 ordination. 
 
 ordinance ('di-nans), n. an estab- 
 lished rule, rite, or law. 
 
 ordinarily ('di-na-ri-li), adj. accord- 
 ing to established rule or method ; 
 usually. 
 
 ordinary ('di-na-ri), adj. according 
 to established order ; usual ; cus- 
 tomary ; commonplace ; mediocre ; 
 plain ; a meal for all comers at fixed 
 charges; an ecclesiastical judge; a 
 prison chaplain ; in heraldry, that 
 part of the escutcheon contained be- 
 tween straight and other lines. 
 
 ordinate (Mi-nat), n. a straight line 
 in a curve terminated on both sides 
 by the curve and bisected by the 
 diameter. 
 
 ordination (-na'shun), n. the act of 
 conferring holy orders; the state of 
 being ordained or appointed. 
 
 ordnance (ord 'nans), n. artillery. 
 
 ore (or), n. metal as extracted from 
 
 the earth in its natural state or com- 
 bined with some other substance. 
 
 oread (o're-ad) , n. a mountain nymph. 
 
 organ (or'gan), n. an instrument; 
 means of communication or convey- 
 ance ; that part of a living structure 
 by means of which some fuction is 
 discharged or work performed ; a 
 wind instrument. 
 
 organic (-gan'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 composed of, containing, or produced 
 by, organs ; instrumental. Also or- 
 gantcal. 
 
 organically (-al-li), adv. in an or- 
 ganic manner ; with, or by means of, 
 organs. 
 
 organicalness (-nes), n. organic 
 quality. 
 
 organism ('gan-izm), n. organical 
 structure. 
 
 organist ('ist), n. a performer on the 
 organ. 
 
 organization (-i-za'shun), n. organic 
 structure ; act of organizing ; a po- 
 litical group controlling elections, etc. 
 
 organize ('gan-iz), v.t. to form or 
 furnish with organs ; to arrange a 
 task in suitable parts so that it may 
 be performed efficiently. 
 
 organogeny ('oj-e-ni), n. organic de- 
 velopment. 
 
 organography (-og'ra-fi), n. a scien- 
 tific description of the organs of 
 animals or plants. 
 
 organology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 
 of physiology which treats of animal 
 organs. 
 
 organon ('ga-non), n. a body of rules 
 for regulating scientific or philo- 
 sophical investigation. 
 
 organoplastic (-o-plas'tik), adj. pro- 
 ducing, or evolving, organic tissue. 
 
 organzine ('gan-zin), n. thrown silk 
 of very fine texture; a fabric made 
 from it. 
 
 orgasm ('gazm), n. immoderate ex- 
 citement or action. 
 
 orgues (orgz), n.pl. pieces of timber 
 pointed and shod with iron ; an ar- 
 rangement of gun-barrels in parallel 
 order for firing simultaneously. 
 
 orgy CJi)> n - a drunken revel, espe- 
 cially at night : pi. secret rites in the 
 worship of Dionysus (Bacchus) dis- 
 tinguished by wild revelry. 
 
 oriel (o'ri-el), n. a large bay window. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit-; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ori 
 
 Orient ('ri-ent), adj. Oriental : n. the 
 East. 
 
 orient ('ri-ent), v.t. to define the po- 
 sition of with reference to the East. 
 
 Oriental (-en'tal), adj. pertaining to, 
 or situated in, the East ; proceeding 
 from Asia or the East : n. an inhabi- 
 tant of Asia or the East. 
 
 oriental (-en'tal), adj. precious; 
 pure ; valuable : said of gems. 
 
 Orientalism (-izm), n. an idiom or 
 custom characteristic of the East. 
 
 Orientalist (-ist), n. one who is 
 skilled in Oriental languages, sub- 
 jects, &c. 
 
 orientate (-tat), v.t. & v.i. to turn 
 towards the East. 
 
 orientation (-ta'shun), n. the deter- 
 mination of the position of the east ; 
 eastward position ; the faculty pos- 
 sessed by certain birds of finding 
 their way home from long distances. 
 
 orifice (or'i-fis), n. a mouth or aper- 
 ture. 
 
 oriflamme ('i-flam), n. the ancient 
 royal standard of France, a red flag 
 split at one end and forming flame- 
 shaped streamers. 
 
 origin ('i-jin), n. beginning; first ex- 
 istence ; source ; cause ; derivation. 
 
 original (o-rij'i-nal), adj. first in or- 
 der ; having power to originate ; not 
 copied : n. that from which anything 
 is copied, &c. ; the language in which 
 a work is written; archetype; an 
 eccentric person. 
 
 originality ('i-ti), n. original state 
 or quality. 
 
 originally (-li), adv. at first. 
 
 original sin (sin), n. the inherent 
 tendency of mankind to sin, derived 
 from Adam and imputed to his de- 
 scendants. 
 
 originate (-rij'i-nat), v.t. to bring 
 into existence : v.i. to rise ; com- 
 mence. 
 
 origination (-na'shun), n. first pro- 
 duction; source; method of produc- 
 tion. 
 
 originator ('i-na-ter), n. one who 
 originates. 
 
 orillon (o-ril'yun), n. a mound of 
 earth faced with a wall to protect a 
 cannon. 
 
 oriole (6'ri-ol), n. the golden-thrush. 
 
 orp 
 
 orlop (6r'lop), n. the lowest deck of 
 a ship. 
 
 ormolu ('mo-loo), n. bronze or cop- 
 per gilt in imitation of gold. 
 
 ornament ('na-ment), n. anything 
 that adorns or beautifies ; embellish- 
 ment : v.t . to adorn, beautify, or dec- 
 orate. 
 
 ornamentally ('al-Ii), adv. so as to 
 adorn. 
 
 ornamentation (-ta'shun), n. deco- 
 ration. 
 
 ornate (-naf), adj. ornamented. 
 
 ornately ('li), adv. in an ornate 
 manner. 
 
 or nit h, a prefix meaning bird. Also 
 ornitho, as ornithohte, the remains 
 of a bird in a fossil state. 
 
 ornithological (-ni-tho-loj'i-kal), 
 adj. pertaining to ornithology. 
 
 ornithologist (-thol'o-jist), n. one 
 who is skilled in ornithology. 
 
 ornithology ('o-ji), n. the scientific 
 study of the structure, habits, &c, of 
 birds. 
 
 orographic (or-o-graf'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to orography. Also oro- 
 graphical. 
 
 orography (o-rog'ra-fi), n. the sci- 
 ence that treats of mountains, moun- 
 tain systems, their height, &c. Also 
 orology. 
 
 oroide (o'ro-id), n. an alloy of tin 
 and copper resembling gold. 
 
 orotund (6'ro-tund), adj. character- 
 ized by fullness, clearness, strength, 
 and smoothness : said of the voice or 
 manner of utterance : n. a quality of 
 voice thus characterized. 
 
 orphan (or'fan), n. a child bereft of 
 one or both parents : adj. bereft of 
 parents. 
 
 orphanage (-aj), n. the state of an 
 orphan ; an institution for orphans. 
 
 orphaned ('fand), adj. bereft of pa- 
 rents. 
 
 Orphean ('fe-an), adj. pertaining to 
 Orpheus, the celebrated bard of 
 classic mythology ; hence melodious, 
 enchanting. Also Orphic. 
 
 orphrey ('fri), n. an embroidered 
 band or bands of gold or silver on 
 the front of an ecclesiastical vest- 
 ment from the neck downwards, es- 
 pecially on a cope. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
orp 
 
 osst 
 
 orpiment ('pi-ment), n. yellow sul- 
 phuret of arsenic ; king's yellow. 
 
 orpin ('pin), n. a yellow color of 
 various shades of intensity. 
 
 orpine ('pin), n. a succulent plant 
 with fleshy leaves : so named from 
 its yellow color. 
 
 orrery (or'e-ri), n. an apparatus to 
 illustrate by balls mounted on rods 
 the motions, magnitudes, and posi- 
 tions of the planets of the solar sys- 
 tem. 
 
 orris ('is), n. gold or silver lace; the 
 iris. 
 
 orris-root (-root), n. the dried roots 
 of the Florentine orris : used as a 
 perfume. 
 
 orthite (or'thit), n. a variety of alla- 
 nite. 
 
 ortho, a prefix meaning straight, 
 right, true. 
 
 ortho clase (or'tho-klaz), n. potash 
 feldspar. 
 
 ortho dio graph (6r-tho'di-o-graf), n. 
 a device for taking X-ray pictures 
 of the internal organs of the hu- 
 man body. 
 
 orthodox ('tho-doks), adj. holding, 
 or in accordance with, the received 
 or established belief or doctrine, es- 
 pecially as taught in the formularies 
 of a particular church. 
 
 orthodoxy (-dok-si), n. conformity 
 to orthodox belief or opinion ; sound- 
 ness of belief or doctrine. 
 
 orthoepy (-tho'e-pi), n. correct pro- 
 nunciation. 
 
 orthogonal (-thog'o-nal), adj. rec- 
 tangular. 
 
 orthographer ('ra-fer), n. one 
 skilled in orthography. Also or- 
 thographist. 
 
 orthographic (-tho-graf'ik), adj. 
 pertaining to orthography ; correct- 
 ly spelt. Also orthographical. 
 
 orthographically (-al-li), adv. ac- 
 cording to the rules of orthography. 
 
 orthography (-thog'ra-fi), n. the 
 art of spelling and writing words 
 correctly. 
 
 orthopsedia (-tho-pe'di-a), n. the 
 prevention and cure of deformities, 
 especially in children. 
 
 ortolan ('to-lan), n. a small bird, 
 allied to the bunting: much es- 
 teemed for its flesh. 
 
 os (os), n. (Latin) [pi. ossa ('a)], a 
 bone; the mouth (pi. ora). 
 
 oscillate ('i-lat), v.i. & v.t. to swing 
 backwards and forwards ; vibrate. 
 
 oscillation (-la'shun), n. a swinging 
 backwards and forwards ; vibration. 
 
 oscillator (os'i-la-ter), n. one who, 
 or that which, oscillates ; a device 
 for producing electric currents of a 
 constant period, independently of 
 variations in its driving force. 
 
 oscillatory (os'i-la-to-ri), adj. swing- 
 ing ; vibrating. 
 
 osculate ('ku-lat), v.t. & v.i. to kiss; 
 touch. 
 
 osculation (-la'shun), n. kissing: 
 touching. 
 
 osculatory ( 'ku-la-to-ri ) , adj. per- 
 taining to kissing : n. a tablet or 
 board on which the picture of Christ 
 or the Virgin Mary is painted for 
 worshipers to kiss. 
 
 osier (o'zher), n. a willow, the twigs 
 of which are used in basket-making ; 
 matter in muscular fiber containing 
 those constituents to which its taste 
 when cooked is due. 
 
 osmium (os'mi-um), n. a metallic ele- 
 ment in platinum ore. 
 
 osmose ('mos), n. the process of at- 
 traction by which gases and fluids 
 pass through a separating mem- 
 brane. 
 
 osmund ('mund), n. the flowering 
 fern of the genus Osmunda. 
 
 osnaburg ('na-berg), n. a coarse 
 linen. 
 
 osprey (os'pra), n. the fish-hawk. 
 Also ossifrage. 
 
 ossein ('e-in), n. gelatinous tissue in 
 bone. 
 
 osseous ('e-us), adj. pertaining to, 
 consisting of, or like, bone. 
 
 osseter ('e-ter), n. a species of stur- 
 geon, yielding a fine kind of isin- 
 glass. 
 
 ossicle ('i-kl), n. a little bone: pi. a 
 hard structure of small size, as the 
 calcareous plates of the starfish. 
 
 ossiferous (-if'er-us), adj. producing, 
 or containing, bone. 
 
 ossification (-fi-ka'shun), n. conver- 
 sion of soft animal tissue into bone. 
 
 ossify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ossified, 
 p.pr. ossifying], to convert into 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, #ien. 
 
ost 
 
 bone or into a bone-like substance ; 
 harden : v.i. to become bone. 
 
 ostensibility (-ten-si-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being ostensible. 
 
 ostensible ( 'si-bl ) , adj. apparent ; 
 held forth to view; plausible. 
 
 ostensibly ('si-bli), adv. in appear- 
 ance. 
 
 ostensive ('ten-siv), adj. showing; 
 exhibiting. 
 
 ostentation (-ta'shun), n. outward 
 show or appearance; ambitious or 
 vain display. 
 
 ostentatious ('shus), adj. fond of 
 show; intended for vain display; 
 gaudy. 
 
 osteodentine (-te-o-den'tin), n. a 
 substance forming the teeth of verte- 
 brate animals and structurally in- 
 termediate between bone and den- 
 tine. 
 
 osteogenesis (-jen'e-sis), n. bone 
 formation. 
 
 osteologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one who is 
 skilled in osteology. 
 
 osteology ('o-ji), n. that part of an- 
 atomy treating of bones, their struc- 
 ture, &c. 
 
 osteopathic (-o-path'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to osteopathy. 
 
 osteopathist (-op'a-thist), n. one 
 skilled in, or who practices, osteop- 
 athy. 
 
 osteopathy (-op'a-thi), n. a system 
 of therapeutics in which the treat- 
 ment is by manipulation of the 
 bones, muscles, and nerve centers. 
 
 osteosarcoma (-o-sar-ko'ma), n. sof- 
 tening of the bones. 
 
 ostitis (-tl'tis), n. inflammation of 
 the bones. 
 
 ostler (os'ler), n. a man who attends 
 to horses at an inn. 
 
 ostracism ('tra-sizm), n. banishment 
 by ostracizing. 
 
 ostracize ('tra-siz), v.t. to banish by 
 popular vote : from the ancient cus- 
 tom in Athens of banishing a citizen 
 by throwing a shell, inscribed with 
 the name of the person to be ban- 
 ished, into an urn ; exclude from 
 public or private favor. 
 
 ostrich ('trich), n. a swift running 
 African bird, valued for its feathers. 
 
 Ostrogoth ('tro-goth), n. an Eastern 
 Goth. 
 
 out 
 
 other (uih'er), adj. noting something 
 besides ; different ; contrary. 
 
 other-wise (-wiz), adv. in another 
 manner ; in other respects : conj. 
 else. 
 
 otoscope (6'to-skop), n. an instru- 
 ment for examining the interior of 
 the ear. 
 
 otter (ot'er), n. an amphibious mam- 
 mal of the weasel family, which 
 feeds on fish. 
 
 otto, another form of attar. 
 
 Ottoman (ot'o-man), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of, the Turks or 
 their government : n. a Turk. 
 
 ottoman ('o-man), n. a cushioned 
 seat ; a movable cushioned foot-rest. 
 
 ought (awt), v.i. to be under obliga- 
 tion ; be fit, necessary, or proper : n. 
 anything. 
 
 ounce (ouns), n. a weight l-16th of 
 a pound avoirdupois ; l-12th of a 
 pound troy ; a carnivorous animal 
 resembling the leopard. 
 
 our (our), pron. pertaining to, or be- 
 longing to, us. 
 
 ourselves (our-selvz'), pron.pl. we 
 or us, not others. 
 
 ousel, ouzel (oo'zel), n. the Euro- 
 pean blackbird. 
 
 oust (oust), v.t. to eject. 
 
 out (out), adv. without; not within 
 or at home ; abroad ; gone forth ; 
 not in office or employment; in a 
 state of extinction ; to the end ; at a 
 loss ; without restraint ; not actively 
 engaged in a game ; in an error ; 
 loudly : inter j. begone ! : n. one who 
 is not in office. 
 
 out-and-out, adj. thorough : adv. 
 completely ; thoroughly. 
 
 outbreak (out'brak), n. a breaking 
 out ; an eruption. 
 
 outcast ('kast), adj. cast out; re- 
 jected : n. one who is cast or driven 
 out ; an exile. 
 
 outcrop ('krop), n. the exposure of 
 strata at the earth's surface: v.i. to 
 crop out at the surface. 
 
 outcry ('kri), n. clamor; tumult. 
 
 outfall ('fawl), n. the lower end of 
 a water-course ; point of discharge. 
 
 outgo (-go'), v.t. [p.t. outwent, p.p. 
 outgone, p.pr. outgoing], to go be- 
 yond ; surpass. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl 
 
 me, merge, 
 book; hue, 
 
 met 
 hut 
 
 mite, mit ; note, 
 think, then. 
 
 n6rth, not; boon, 
 
 
out 
 
 outgoings ('ings), n.pl. expenses. 
 
 out-herod (-her'od), v.t. to exceed 
 the cruelty or violent character of 
 (Herod the Great) : hence to exceed 
 in any evil. 
 
 outlandish (-land'ish), adj. foreign; 
 extraordinary ; vulgar. 
 
 outlaw ('law), n. one who is deprived 
 of legal benefits and protection : v.t. 
 to deprive of legal benefits and pro- 
 tection. 
 
 outline Clin), n. a line bounding or 
 defining a figure ; first sketch : v.t. 
 to sketch out. 
 
 outport ('port), n. a port or harbor 
 at some distance from the chief port. 
 
 outrage ('raj), n. open and exces- 
 sive violence ; wanton abuse or mis- 
 chief : v.t. to commit an _ outrage 
 upon ; insult indecently : v.i. to act 
 in an outrageous manner. 
 
 outrageous ('us), adj. violent; ex- 
 cessive ; exceeding all bounds. 
 
 outre (oo-tra'), adj. overstrained; 
 exaggerated. 
 
 outrider (out'ri-der), n. a servant 
 on horseback who rides in advance 
 of a carriage. 
 
 outrigger ('rig-er), n. a projecting 
 spar or beam for extending sails or 
 ropes ; a boat with projecting row- 
 locks. 
 
 outright ('rit), adv. completely; at 
 once. 
 
 outside ('sid), n. the external part 
 of anything ; superficies ; utmost ; a 
 passenger on the top of a bus, &c. : 
 pi. the exterior sheets of a ream of 
 paper : adj. pertaining to, or situ- 
 ated upon, the outside; exterior. 
 
 outspoken ('spo-kn), adj. candid. 
 
 outstanding (-stand'ing), adj. pro- 
 jecting ; unpaid. 
 
 outward Cwerd), adj. external; to 
 or from the exterior ; visible ; ex- 
 trinsic. 
 
 outward-bound (-bound), adj. sail- 
 ing to foreign parts. 
 
 outwards ('werdz), adv. towards the 
 outside ; to foreign parts. Also out- 
 ward. 
 
 outwent, p.t. of outgo. 
 
 outwit (-wit'), v.t. to overreach, or 
 defeat, by superior skill or cunning. 
 
 outwork ( 'werk ) , w. a defense con- 
 
 structed beyond the main body of a 
 fort, &c. 
 
 ouzel, see ousel. 
 
 ova, pi. of ovum. 
 
 oval (o'val), adj. shaped like an egg; 
 elliptical : n. anything egg-shaped. 
 
 ovarian (-va'ri-an), adj. pertaining 
 to the ovary. 
 
 ovaritis (-rl'tis), n. inflammation of 
 the ovaries. 
 
 ovary ('va-ri), n. [pi. ovaries (-riz)], 
 the organ in a female animal in 
 which the ova or first germs of fu- 
 ture life are formed ; the hollow 
 seed-case of a plant. 
 
 ovate ('vat), adj. egg-shaped. 
 
 ovate-oblong (ob'long), adj. longer 
 than oval. 
 
 ovation (-va'shun), n. among the 
 ancient Romans, a minor triumph 
 of a general for an inferior victory 
 at which sheep were sacrificed; an 
 enthusiastic demonstration of pub- 
 lic esteem. 
 
 oven (uv'n), n. a place or apparatus 
 for baking or heating. 
 
 over (6'ver), prep, superior in posi- 
 tion, authority, dignity, excellence, 
 or value ; above ; upon ; across ; cov- 
 ering ; more than : adv. from begin- 
 ning to end ; from one to another ; 
 from side to side ; in excess ; on the 
 surface ; throughout : adj. beyond ; 
 superior : n. in cricket, the number 
 of balls delivered by one bowler. 
 
 overhaul ('hawl), v.t. to examine 
 thoroughly ; overtake ; gain upon : 
 said of a ship. 
 
 overplus ('ver-plus), n. excess. 
 
 overpower (-pou'er), v.t. to bear 
 down or crush by superior force; 
 vanquish. 
 
 over-production (-pro-duk'shun), n. 
 supply in excess of the demand. 
 
 overseer (-ser'), n. the superintend- 
 ent of some department of a busi- 
 ness ; a parochial official who super- 
 intends the poor. 
 
 overshot wheel ('ver-shot hwel), n. 
 a water wheel which is driven by 
 water flowing over its top. 
 
 overt ('vert), adj. open; public. 
 
 overtake (o-ver-tak'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 overtook, p.pr. overtaking], to catch 
 by pursuit ; come upon as a punish- 
 ment ; take by surprise. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 • book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ove 
 
 overthrow (-thro'), v.t. to turn up- 
 side down ; demolish ; vanquish ; de- 
 stroy : n. ('ver-thro) ruin; defeat; 
 in cricket, a ball missed by the 
 wicket-keeper when returned to him. 
 
 overtones ('ver-tonz), n.pl. har- 
 monics. 
 
 overture ('ver-tur), n. an offer or 
 proposal ; opening ; an introductory 
 symphony before the commencement 
 of an opera, &c. 
 
 overweening (-wen'ing), adj. con- 
 ceited. 
 
 overwhelm (-hwelm'), v.t. to crush 
 or destroy utterly. 
 
 overwise (-wiz'), adj. affectedly wise. 
 
 ovicular (-vik'ti-lar), adj. pertaining 
 to an egg ; oviform. 
 
 oviparous (-vip'a-rus), adj. produc- 
 ing young by eggs. 
 
 ovoid ('void), adj. egg-shaped. Also 
 ovoidal. 
 
 ovolo ('vo-lo), n. a round or convex 
 egg-shaped molding. 
 
 ovoplasm ('vo-plazm), n. the proto- 
 plasmic substance or yolk of an 
 egg. 
 
 ovoviviparous (-vi-vip'a-rus), adj. 
 producing eggs containing the young 
 in a living state, as certain animals. 
 
 ovule ('vul), n. the germ borne by 
 the placenta of a plant, and subse- 
 quently developing into a seed. 
 
 ovum ('vum), n. {pi. ova-('va)], the 
 germ or body in the ovary which, 
 when impregnated, develops in the 
 foetus ; an egg-shaped ornament. 
 
 owe (o), v.t. to be indebted, or under 
 obligation to ; be obliged to pay : v.i. 
 to be in debt. 
 
 owing ('ing), p. adj. due as a debt; 
 ascribable to ; imputable to. 
 
 owl (oul), n. a raptorial nocturnal 
 bird characterized by its hoot : v.i. 
 to smuggle. 
 
 owlet ('et), n. a young owl. 
 
 own (on), adj. belonging to; peculiar 
 or proper to: v.t. to possess or hold 
 by right ; concede or acknowledge. 
 
 owner ('er), n. lawful proprietor. 
 
 ownership ('er-ship), n. rightful 
 possession. 
 
 ox (oks), n. [pi. oxen ('n)], an ani- 
 mal of the bovine genus, especially 
 a castrated bull. 
 
 oy 
 
 oxalate ('a-lat), n. a salt of oxalic 
 acid. 
 
 oxalic (-al'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 derived from, oxalis, a genus of 
 plants with a bitter taste, contain- 
 ing^ the wood-sorrel. 
 
 oxalic acid (as'id), n. a poisonous 
 acid obtained from sawdust. 
 
 oxidability (-id-a-bil'i-ti), n. capa- 
 bility of being converted into an 
 oxide. 
 
 oxidable ('i-da-bl), adj. capable of 
 being converted into an oxide. 
 
 oxidate, same as oxidize. 
 
 oxidation (-da'shun), n. the opera- 
 tion of converting into an oxide. 
 
 oxide ('Id), n. a compound of oxygen 
 and a base. 
 
 oxidize ('i-diz), v.t. to convert into 
 an oxide : v.i. to be converted into 
 an oxide. Also oxidate. 
 
 oxlip ('lip), n. a variety of primula. 
 
 oxy, a prefix occurring in various sci- 
 entific words, meaning the presence 
 of oxygen. ' 
 
 oxygen ('i-jen), n. a colorless in- 
 odorous gas, which with nitrogen 
 and argon constitutes l-5th by vol- 
 ume of the atmosphere, and in com- 
 bination with hydrogen forms water. 
 
 oxygenate ('i-jen-at), v.t. to com- 
 bine with oxygen. Also oxygenize. 
 
 oxygenation, same as oxidation. 
 
 oxy hydrogen (-hi'dro-jen), adj. con- 
 sisting of a mixture of oxgyen and 
 hydrogen, as in the oxyhydrogen- 
 blowpipe by which an intense heat 
 is produced by the combination of 
 the two gases. 
 
 oxy tone ('i-ton), adj. having an 
 acute sound; having the last sylla- 
 ble accented : n. an acute sound. 
 
 oyer (o'yer), n. a hearing or trial of 
 legal causes. 
 
 oyer and terminer (ter'min-er), n. 
 a court constituted by commission to 
 hear and determine specified causes. 
 
 oyes ('yes), inter j. the introductory 
 cry of an official or public crier de» 
 manding silence. Also oyez. 
 
 oyster (ois'ter), n. a bivalve mollusk 
 of the genus Ostrea, much esteemed 
 as a delicacy. 
 
 oyster-plant (-plant), n. a plant 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ozo 
 
 whose root, when cooked, has the 
 flavor of oysters ; salsify. 
 
 ozena (oze'na), n. a syphilitic dis- 
 ease of the nose. 
 
 ozocerite (o'zo-ee'rite), n. paraffin 
 wax. 
 
 ozone ('zon), n. an alio tropic form 
 of oxygen present in the atmosphere, 
 especially after electrical disturb- 
 ance, with a characteristic odor. 
 
 ozonium ( o'zo-ni'um ) , n. a fungus 
 which causes root-rot in cotton. 
 
 ozonize ('zo-niz), v.t. to charge with 
 ozone. 
 
 ozonometer (-nom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for determining the pres- 
 ence and amount of ozone in the 
 atmosphere. 
 
 ozostomia (6'zo-sto'mi-a), n. bad 
 breath. 
 
 ate, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, mersre, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
pa (pa), n. abbreviation of papa. 
 
 pabulum (pab'u-lum), n. food; nour- 
 ishment. 
 
 paca (pak'a), n. a small South 
 American rodent of a dark-brown 
 color spotted with white. 
 
 pace (pas), n. a step; manner of 
 walking; length of one's movement 
 of the foot in walking; a linear 
 measure, varying from 30 in. to 60 
 in. ; rate of progress ; an amble : v.t. 
 to measure by steps or paces : v.i. 
 to walk slowly or deliberately ; am- 
 ble. 
 
 paced (past), v. adj. having a par- 
 ticular manner of walking. 
 
 pacha, same as pasha. 
 
 pachycarpous (pak-i-kar'pus), adj. 
 having a very thick pericarp. 
 
 pachydactyl (-dak'til), n. an ani- 
 mal with thick toes. 
 
 pachydermatous (-der'ma-tus), adj. 
 thick-skinned. 
 
 pacific (pa-sif'ik), adj. peace-mak- 
 ing; conciliatory; mild; peaceful; 
 tranquil. 
 
 pacification (-i-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of peace-making; conciliation. 
 
 pacificator (-sif'i-ka-ter), n. a peace- 
 maker. 
 
 pacifier (pas'i-fl-er), n. one who 
 pacifies. 
 
 pacify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. paci- 
 fied, p.pr. pacifying], to calm or ap- 
 pease ; reconcile. 
 
 pack (pak), n. a large bundle tied 
 up for carriage; load; burden; set 
 of playing-cards ; great number or 
 quantity; gang; weight of wool = 
 240 lbs.; number of dogs kept for 
 hunting: v.t. to bind and press to- 
 gether, as goods for carriage; load; 
 
 dismiss summarily or unceremoni- 
 ously ; select and put together for 
 an unjust object : v.t. to become firm- 
 ly pressed; depart or remove in 
 haste. 
 
 package ('aj), n. a bundle or bale of 
 goods. 
 
 packet ('et), n. a small pack, or par- 
 cel ; a vessel sailing between two 
 or more ports for the conveyance 
 of passengers, mails, and merchan- 
 dise at regular intervals. 
 
 paco (pa'ko), n. the alpaca; an 
 earthy brown oxide of iron contain- 
 ing small quantities of native silver. 
 
 pact (pakt), n. an agreement. 
 
 pad (pad), n. a soft cushion; a thick 
 mass of sheets of blotting paper for 
 writing upon ; a slow-paced horse : 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. padded, p.pr. pad- 
 ding], to travel slowly: v.t. stuff 
 with padding. 
 
 padding ('ing), n. material used for 
 stuffing; the act of impregnating 
 cloth with a mordant ; inserted mat- 
 ter for filling out a newspaper or 
 magazine article, &c. 
 
 paddle ('1), v.i. to row slowly; play 
 in the water : v.t. to propel by pad- 
 dle or oar ; to spank : n. a short 
 broad oar ; an oar blade ; one of the 
 floats for propelling a steamship. 
 
 paddle-wheel (-hwel), n. a wheel 
 with floats for propelling a steam- 
 ship. 
 
 paddock ('uk), n. a small field or 
 enclosure adjacent to a stable for 
 horses, &c. ; a large toad or frog. 
 
 padlock (pad'lok), n. a lock with a 
 link to pass through a staple or eye : 
 v.t. to fasten with a padlock. 
 
 padrone (pa-dro'na), n. a person, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pae 
 
 usually an Italian, who owns barrel 
 organs and lets them out on hire ; 
 in Italy, a contractor for labor. 
 
 paean (pe'fin), n. a triumphal song. 
 
 paedobaptism (-do-bap'tizm), n. in- 
 fant baptism. Also pedobaptism. 
 
 paeony, same as peony. 
 
 pagan (pa'gan), n. a heathen; idola- 
 ter : adj. heathen ; idolatrous. 
 
 paganish (-ish), adj. heathenish. 
 
 paganism (-izm), n. heathenism; 
 idolatry. 
 
 page (paj), n. a boy attending on a 
 person of distinction ; a boy in liv- 
 ery ; a male attendant on a legisla- 
 tive body ; one side of the leaf of a 
 book ; a book or writing ; episode : 
 v.t. to mark or number in pages. 
 
 pageant (paj'ent), n. a theatrical 
 show or spectacle ; anything merely 
 showy. 
 
 pageantry (-ri), n. ostentatious dis- 
 play. 
 
 paginal ('i-nal), adj. consisting of 
 pages. 
 
 pagination (-na'shun), n. the mark- 
 ing, numbering, or making, into 
 pages. Also paging. 
 
 pagoda (pa-go'da), n. a Buddhist 
 temple ; a Hindu idol temple ; an 
 idol ; a gold or silver coin current 
 in India. 
 
 paid, p.t. & p.p. of pay. 
 
 paidology (pa-dol'o-ji), n. scientific 
 child study. 
 
 pail (pal), n. an open vessel of wood 
 or metal furnished with a handle 
 for carrying water, &c. 
 
 pailful ('fool), n. the quantity that 
 a pail will hold. 
 
 pain (pan), n. physical or mental 
 suffering ; penalty : pi. diligent ef- 
 fort ; throes of parturition : v.t. to 
 cause physical or mental suffering ; 
 render uneasy. 
 
 painful ('fool), adj. full of, or caus- 
 ing, pain. 
 
 painfully (-li), adv. so as to cause 
 pain. 
 
 painfulness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being painful. 
 
 paint (pant), v.t. to represent by 
 delineation and colors ; depict ; be- 
 smear or cover with color ; dye : v.i. 
 to practice painting ; rouge : n. a 
 
 pal 
 
 coloring substance or pigment ; 
 rouge. 
 
 painter ('er), n. one whose occupa- 
 tion is to paint ; an artist who is 
 skilled in depicting subjects in col- 
 ors ; a rope for fastening a boat. 
 
 painter's- colic ('erz-kol'ik), n. 
 lead-poisoning. 
 
 painting ('ing), n. the act, art, or 
 occupation of laying on colors ; the 
 representation of objects by delinea- 
 tion and colors ; a picture ; vivid 
 verbal description. 
 
 pair (par), n. two things of a kind, 
 similar in form, suited to each other, 
 and used together ; couple ; married 
 couple : v.t. to join in couples : v.i. 
 to be joined in couples; suit or be 
 adapted to each other ; in a legisla- 
 tive body, to offset votes, or agree to 
 a pair-off. 
 
 pair-off ('6f), n. an agreement by 
 two members on opposing sides of a 
 measure to abstain from voting 
 when the votes if cast would neu- 
 tralize each other. 
 
 pajamas (pa-ja'maz), n.pl. loose 
 trousers of silk, &c. ; a kind of 
 sleeping costume. 
 
 pal (pal), n. an intimate friend; ac- 
 complice. 
 
 palace (pal'as), n. the residence of 
 a sovereign or bishop ; a magnifi- 
 cent house or building. 
 
 paladin ('a-din), n. a knight-errant, 
 especially one of the knights of 
 Charlemagne or' Arthur. 
 
 palseo, a prefix meaning ancient, as 
 palwolithic, adj. noting the earliest 
 division of the Stone Age. 
 
 palaeontology, same as paleontology. 
 
 palaeozoic, same as paleozoic. 
 
 palaestra, same as palestra. 
 
 palanquin ( pal-an-ken' ) , n. in India 
 and China, a covered conveyance for 
 one passenger borne on the shoulders 
 of men. 
 
 palatable ('a-ta-bl), adj. agreeable 
 to the taste; savory. 
 
 palatal ('a-tal), adj. pertaining to, 
 or uttered by means of, the palate: 
 n. a letter pronounced by means of 
 the palate. 
 
 palate ('at), n. the roof of the 
 mouth; taste or relish. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pal 
 
 palatial (pa-la'shal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or suitable to, a palace ; royal. 
 
 palatinate (-lat'i-nat), n. the prov- 
 ince or dignity of a palatine. 
 
 palatine ('a-tin), adj. invested with 
 royal privileges and rights, as cer- 
 tain counties : n. one who is thus 
 invested. 
 
 palaver (pa-la'ver), n. a public con- 
 ference [African] ; superfluous or 
 idle talk ; chatter : v.t. to talk over ; 
 deceive by words : v.i. to confer ; 
 chatter. 
 
 pale (pal), adj. not of a fresh or 
 ruddy complexion ; wan ; wanting in 
 color ; of a faint luster : n. a narrow 
 board used in fencing ; a pointed 
 stake ; space inclosed by rails ; lim- 
 it ; district or territory : v.i. to turn 
 pale : v.t. to inclose with, or as with, 
 pales. 
 
 paleontologist ( pa-le-on-tol'o-jist ) , 
 n. one who is skilled in paleontology. 
 
 paleontology Co-ji), n. that branch 
 of geology which treats of fossil re- 
 mains. 
 
 Paleozoic (-o-zo'ik), adj. noting the 
 fossil if erous strata in which the 
 earliest forms of life appear. 
 
 palestra (pa-les'tra), n. a place for 
 wrestling or gymnastic exercises. 
 
 palette (pal'et), n. a thin oval wood 
 or porcelain plate for mixing and 
 holding colors. 
 
 palfrey (pawl'fri), n. a small saddle- 
 horse for a lady's use. 
 
 Pali (pii'le), n. the sacred language 
 of the Buddhists, allied to Sanskrit. 
 
 palimpsest (pal'imp-sest), n. a 
 parchment manuscript which, after 
 the writing upon it has been par- 
 tially erased, is used again, the for- 
 mer writing being more or less dis- 
 cernible. 
 
 palindrome ('in-drom), n. a word, 
 verse, or sentence which reads the 
 same backwards or " forwards, as 
 "Able was I ere I saw Elba." 
 
 paling ('ing), n. a fence constructed 
 of pales ; materials for a fence of 
 pales. 
 
 palingenesis ( pal-in- jen'i-sis), n. 
 new birth or regeneration ; inherited 
 evolution. 
 
 palisade (-i-sad'), n. a fence or forti- 
 fication formed of stakes driven into 
 
 pal 
 
 the ground and pointed at the top ; 
 v.t. to inclose or fortify with stakes. 
 
 palish (pal'ish), adj. somewhat pale. 
 
 pall (pawl), n. a cloak or mantle; a 
 kind of scarf of lamb's wool sent by 
 the Pope to an archbishop on his. 
 consecration (also pallium) ; a cof- 
 fin covering : v.i. to become insipid ; 
 lose strength : v.t. to make insipid. 
 
 palladium (pal-a-di'um), n. any 
 safeguard of a liberty, or privilege : 
 from the statue of Pallas at Troy, 
 said to have fallen from heaven, and 
 on the preservation of which de- 
 pended the safety of the city ; a 
 rare greyish metal found with plat- 
 inum. 
 
 pallet ('et), n. a pallette; a name 
 for various tools used in gilding, 
 pottery, horology, &c. ; a small piece 
 of the mechanism of a watch ; a 
 small rough bed. 
 
 palliate ('i-at), v.t. to excuse or 
 cover over ; extenuate ; lessen or 
 abate. 
 
 palliation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
 palliating ; extenuation ; mitigation. 
 
 palliative ('i-a-tiv), adj. tending to 
 lessen or mitigate. 
 
 pallid ('id), adj. pale; wan. 
 
 pallium, see under pall. 
 
 pall-mall (pel-mel'), n. a game for- 
 merly played with a ball which was 
 driven through an iron ring by a 
 mallet. 
 
 pallor (pal'er), n. paleness. 
 
 palm (pam), n. the inner part of the 
 hand ; a linear measure of varying 
 length (from 3 to 4 in.) ; a tree of 
 various species of the order Palmae ; 
 a palm branch symbolical of victory 
 or rejoicing : v.t. to conceal in the 
 palm of the hand; impose upon by 
 fraud (with off). 
 
 palmate (pal'mat), adj. resembling a 
 hand with the fingers outstretched ; 
 web-footed. 
 
 palmer (pam'er), n. a pilgrim to the 
 Holy Land who carried a palm 
 branch as a token of his pilgrimage. 
 
 palmetto (pal-met'o), n. a species of 
 palm-tree, the cabbage-tree palm. 
 
 palmist (pal'mist), adj. pertaining 
 to palmistry. 
 
 palmister (-er), n. one who pro- 
 fesses palmistry. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pal 
 
 palmistry ('rnis-tri), n. the pretend- 
 ed art of foretelling the future by 
 examination of the lines and marks 
 of a person's hand. 
 
 palmitin ('mi-tin), n. a solid fatty 
 substance obtained from vegetable 
 oils, &c. 
 
 Palm Sunday (piim sun'da), n. the 
 Sunday next before Easter, held in 
 commemoration of Christ's trium- 
 phal entry into Jerusalem. 
 
 palmy (pam'i), adj. abounding in 
 palms ; flourishing ; prosperous. 
 
 palpability (pal-pa-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being palpable. 
 Also palpableness. 
 
 palpable ('pa-bl), adj. easily per- 
 ceived ; obvious. 
 
 palpably ('pa-bl_i), adv. obviously. 
 
 palpitate ('pi-tat), v.i. to beat or 
 throb. 
 
 palpitation (-ta'shun), n. abnormal 
 beating or throbbing of the heart. 
 
 palsied (pawl'zid), p. adj. affected 
 with palsy. 
 
 palsy ('zi), n. paralysis: v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. palsied, p.pr. palsying], to par- 
 alyze. 
 
 palter ('ter), v.i. to trifle; act insin- 
 cerely. 
 
 paltry ('tri), adj. worthless; con- 
 temptible. 
 
 pampas (pam'paz), n.pl. in South 
 America, vast treeless plains cov- 
 ered with luxuriant pasture. 
 
 pamper ('per), v.t. to feed luxurious- 
 ly ; satiate. 
 
 pampero (-pa'ro), n. a strong south- 
 west wind that blows ^ across the 
 pampas of South America. 
 
 pampblet ('flet), n. a small unbound 
 book, usually on some current topic, 
 of one or more sheets stitched to- 
 gether. 
 
 pamphleteer (-er'), n. a writer of 
 pamphlets : v.i. to write pamphlets. 
 
 pan, a prefix meaning all, universal, 
 as paw- Anglican : n. a broad shallow 
 vessel ; that part of an old flint- 
 lock which held the priming. 
 
 panacea (pan-a-se'a), n. a universal 
 remedy or medicine. 
 
 panada (pa-na'da), n. a bread pulp ; 
 bread soaked in sweetened boiled 
 water and flavored with nutmeg. 
 
 pancake ('kak), n. a thin cake of 
 batter fried. 
 
 pancratic (-krat'ik), adj. excelling 
 in gymnastic exercises : from an 
 athletic contest (pancratium) of the 
 ancient Greeks. 
 
 pancreas ('kre-as), n. a large fleshy 
 gland (the sweetbread) situated 
 under and behind the stomach se- 
 creting a fluid that assists in the 
 process of digestion. 
 
 pancreatic (-at'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or secreted by, the pancreas. 
 
 pancreatin ('kre-a-tin), n. an albu- 
 minoid principle in the fluid of the 
 pancreas. 
 
 panda ('da), n. the Himalayan bear- 
 cat. 
 
 Pandean (-de'an), adj. pertaining to 
 the god Pan, the tutelary deity > of 
 shepherds. # 
 
 Pandean-pipes (-pips), n.pl. a mu- 
 sical wind instrument consisting of 
 short reeds of varying length blown 
 by the breath. Also Pan's-pipes. 
 
 Pandect ('dekt), n. the digest of the 
 Roman or civil law. 
 
 pandemonium (-de-mo'ni-um), n. a 
 place or abode of general disorder. 
 
 pander (Mer), v.i. to act as an agent 
 for the gratification of the passions. 
 
 pandit, another form of pundit. 
 
 pane (pan), n. a square of glass; a 
 piece in variegated work. 
 
 panegyric (-e-jir'ik), n. an ovation 
 or eulogy in praise of some person 
 or event ; encomium. 
 
 panegyrize ('e-jir-iz), v.t. to praise 
 or commend highly : v.i. to bestow 
 praise. 
 
 panel ('el), n. a piece of board, the 
 edges of which are inserted in a 
 frame ; a thin board on which a pic- 
 ture is painted ; a schedule contain- 
 ing the names of persons summoned 
 to serve as jurors ; the jury ; in 
 Scots law, the prisoner at the bar : 
 v.t. to form with panels. 
 
 pang (pang), n. a violent sudden 
 pain ; agony, mental or physical. 
 
 panic ('ik), n. a sudden fright; a 
 kind of millet: adj. suddenly and 
 violently alarming : said of fear. 
 
 pannier ('ni-er), n. one of two bas- 
 kets suspended across the back of a 
 horse, for carrying market produce. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrtb, not; boon, 
 D 38 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pan 
 
 panoplied ('o-plid), adj. furnished 
 with a complete suit of armor. 
 
 panoply ('o-pli), n. a complete suit 
 of armor. s 
 
 panopticon (-op'ti-kon), n. a prison 
 so arranged that the warder on 
 duty can see all the prisoners with- 
 out himself being visible ; a kind of 
 polytechnic ; a room for the exhibi- 
 tion of novelties, &c. 
 
 panorama (-6-ram'a), n. a picture, 
 viewed from a central standpoint, of 
 several scenes unrolled and made to 
 pass before the spectator. 
 
 panoramic (-ram'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or like, a panorama. 
 
 Fanslavic (-slav'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to all the Slavic races or Panslavism. 
 
 Panslavism ('izm), n. a Russian 
 movement for the political union of 
 all the Slavic races. 
 
 pansy ('zi), n. the heart's-ease. 
 
 pant (pant), v.i. to breathe rapidly; 
 desire ardently (with for or after) : 
 n. rapid breathing : pi. abbreviation 
 for pantaloons. 
 
 pantagraph, same as pantograph. 
 
 pantalettes (pan-ta-lets' ) , n.pl. loose 
 drawers for women or children. 
 
 pantaloon ('a-loon), n. a buffoon in 
 a pantomime : pi. a pair of tight 
 trousers. 
 
 pantamorphic (-mor'fik), adj. tak- 
 ing all shapes. 
 
 pantheism ('the-izm), n. the doc- 
 trine that the universe in its totality 
 is God. 
 
 pantheist (-ist), n. a believer in 
 pantheism. 
 
 pantheistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to pantheism. 
 
 Pantheon ('the-on), n. a temple 
 dedicated to all the Gods, especially 
 that of ancient Rome dedicated to 
 Mars and Jupiter. 
 
 panther ('ther), n. a fierce feline 
 carnivorous animal. Fern, pan- 
 theress. 
 
 pantile ('til), n. a curved tile. 
 
 pantochronometer (-to-kro-nom'e- 
 ter), n. an instrument which com- 
 bines the sun-dial, compass, and a 
 time-dial. 
 
 pantograph ('to-graf), n. an in- 
 strument for copying drawings, de- 
 
 ' Pap 
 
 signs, &c, on an enlarged or re- 
 duced scale. Also pantagraph. 
 
 pantology (-tol'o-ji), n. universal 
 knowledge. 
 
 pantometer (-tom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring angles, ele- 
 vations, distances, &c. 
 
 pantomime ('to-mim), n. a repre- 
 sentation in dumb show ; a popular 
 Christmastide theatrical entertain- 
 ment with music, dancing, &c. 
 
 pantomimic (-mim'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a pantomime. Also panto- 
 mimical. 
 
 pantomimist ('to-mim-ist), n. one 
 who acts in pantomime. 
 
 pantry ('tri), n. a provision closet. 
 
 pap (pap), n. soft food for infants; 
 a nipple, teat, or breast; pulp of 
 fruit. 
 
 papa (pa-pa/, or pa'pa), n. a word of 
 endearment for father. 
 
 papacy (pa'pa-si), n. the office, dig- 
 nity, or authority, of the Pope ; 
 popes collectively ; Roman Catholic 
 religion. 
 
 papal ('pal), adj. pertaining to the 
 Pope, or the Church of Rome. 
 
 pap aw (-paw'), n. an East Indian 
 fruit tree. 
 
 paper (pa'per), n. a thin flexible 
 substance made of various materials, 
 as linen, straw, &c, used for writing 
 or printing upon ; a piece of paper ; 
 newspaper ; an essay or literary 
 contribution ; written instrument ; 
 bank-notes or bills of exchange : adj. 
 made of paper ; thin : v.t. to cover 
 with, or wrap in, paper. 
 
 papeterie (pap'e-tre), n. a case con- 
 taining paper and writing materials. 
 
 papier-mache (pap-ya'ma-sha'), n. 
 paper pulp molded and made into 
 trays, &c, and japanned. 
 
 papilla (-pil'a), n. [pi. papillae 
 ('e)L a small nipple: pi. minute 
 elevations on the tongue, &c. 
 
 papillary (pap'il-er-i), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a nipple or the papillae ; cov- 
 ered with papillae. 
 
 papoose (-poos'), n. a young child 
 [North American Indian], 
 
 pappus (pap'us), n. the feathery sub- 
 stance on the seed of certain plants : 
 the calyx of a composite flower. 
 
 pappy ('i), adj. resembling pap. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pap 
 
 papyrus (pa-pi'rus), n. [pi. papyri 
 ('rl)j, a species of Egyptian reed, 
 from which the ancients made pa- 
 per ; a manuscript on papyrus. 
 
 par (par), n. state of equality; nomi- 
 nal and market value. 
 
 para, a prefix meaning beyond, beside, 
 divergence, as paracentric. 
 
 parable (par'a-bl) ; n. an allegorical 
 method of conveying instruction by 
 means of a fable or short fictitious 
 narrative ; a comparison or simili- 
 tude. 
 
 parabola (-ab'o-la), n. one of the 
 conic sections formed by the inter- 
 section of the cone by a plane par- 
 allel to one of its sides. 
 
 parabolic (-a-bol'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or formed like, a parabola ; 
 allegorical. Also parabolical. 
 
 paraboloid (pa-rab'o-loid), n. a solid 
 generated by the revolution of a 
 parabola on its axis. 
 
 parachute ('a-shoot), n. an umbrella- 
 shaped apparatus for descending 
 from a balloon. 
 
 Paraclete ('a-klet), n. a title of the 
 Holy Ghost, the Comforter, and Ad- 
 vocate. 
 
 parade (pa-rad'), n. ostentatious dis- 
 play ; show ; military display ; place 
 of assembly for exercising troops : 
 v.t. to marshal in military order : 
 make a display of : v.t. to exhibit, 
 or walk about ostentatiously. 
 
 paradigm (par'a-dim), n. an exam- 
 ple or model ; example of the gram- 
 matical inflection of a word. 
 
 paradise ('a-dis), n. the garden of 
 Eden; any place of happiness; 
 heaven. 
 
 paradox ('a-doks), n. something ap- 
 parently absurd or incredible, < yet 
 true ; a tenet contrary to received 
 opinions. 
 
 paradoxical ('i-kal), adj. of the na- 
 ture of a paradox. 
 
 paradoxically (-li), adv. in a para- 
 doxical manner. 
 
 paraffin ('a-fin), n. a white crystal- 
 line substance obtained by distilla- 
 tion from wood, shale, &c. 
 
 paragoge (-gS'je), n. the addition of 
 a letter or syllable to the end of a 
 word. 
 
 paragon ('a-gon), n. something of 
 
 par 
 
 extraordinary excellence ; model or 
 pattern of perfection : v.t. to equal 
 or compare. 
 
 paragraph ('a-graf), n. a small sub- 
 division of a connected discourse ; a 
 short passage ; a reference mark 
 (H) ; an item of newspaper intelli- 
 gence. 
 
 paragraphic ('ik), adj. consisting 
 of paragraphs. Also paragraphical. 
 
 paragraphist ( 'a-graf -ist) , n. a 
 writer of newspaper paragraphs. 
 
 parallax ('al-laks), n. the apparent 
 angular shifting of an object caused 
 by change in the position of the ob- 
 server, especially the difference in 
 the apparent position of a heavenly 
 body and its true place. 
 
 parallel ('al-lel), adj. lying side by 
 side ; extended in the same direction 
 and equi-distant at all points ; hav- 
 ing the same direction or tendency : 
 corresponding : n. a line equidistant 
 at all points from another line ; re- 
 semblance or likeness : pi. trenches 
 in front of a fortified place parallel 
 to the defenses : v.t. to place so as 
 to be parallel ; correspond to ; equal. 
 
 parallelism (-izm), n. the state or 
 quality of being parallel ; corre- 
 spondence. 
 
 parallelogram ('o-gram), n. a plane 
 4-sided figure whose opposite sides 
 are parallel and equal. 
 
 parallelepiped (-e-pip'ed), n. a reg- 
 ular solid figure bounded by 6 paral- 
 lelograms, of which the opposite 
 pairs are equal and parallel. 
 
 paralysis (pa-ral'i-sis), n. loss of the 
 power of sensation of one or more 
 parts of the body ; palsy. 
 
 paralytic (par-a-lit'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, affected by, or inclined 
 to, paralysis : n. one who is affected 
 with paralysis. 
 
 paralyze ('a-liz), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 paralyzed, p.pr. paralyzing], to af- 
 fect with paralysis ; unnerve ; ren- 
 der useless or ineffective. 
 
 paramount (par'a-mount), adj. su- 
 perior to all others ; eminent or 
 chief : n. the highest in rank or 
 authority. 
 
 parapet ('a-pet), n. a wall breast- 
 high ; a rampart to protect troops 
 from the fire of an enemy. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
par 
 
 paranoia (par-a-noi'a), n. a form of 
 monomania. 
 
 paranoiac (par-a-noi'ak), n. one af- 
 fected with paranoia ; a monoma- 
 niac. 
 
 paraphernalia (-fer-na/li-a), n.pl. 
 the apparel, jewels, &c, of a wife 
 which she possesses over and above 
 her dowry ; ornaments of dress gen- 
 erally ; equipment ;_ trappings. 
 
 paraphrase ('a-fraz), n. a free 
 translation or explanation ; a hymn 
 based on some Scriptural passage : 
 v.t. make a free translation of ; ex- 
 plain in many words : v.i. to make 
 a paraphrase. 
 
 paraphrastic (-fras'tik), adj. free 
 or clear in explanation; of the na- 
 ture of a paraphrase. Also para- 
 phrastical. 
 
 paraphrastically (-al-li), adv. in a 
 paraphrase. 
 
 paraplegia (-ple'ji-a), n. paralysis 
 of the lower half of the body. 
 
 parasite ('a-sit), n. one who fre- 
 quents the table of a rich man and 
 gains his favor by flattery ; a hang- 
 er-on ; an animal or plant nour- 
 ished by another to which it at- 
 taches itself. 
 
 parasitic (-sit'ik), adj. of the nature 
 of a parasite ; meanly servile or 
 fawning ; living at the expense of 
 another animal or plant. Also para- 
 sitical. 
 
 parasitically (-al-li), adv. like a 
 parasite. 
 
 parasitism ('a-sit-izm), n. the state 
 or behavior of a parasite. 
 
 parasol ('a-sol), n. a lady's sunshade. 
 
 parataxis (-a-taks'is), n. a loose ar- 
 rangement of sentences : opposed to 
 syntax. 
 
 parathesis (pa-rath'e-sis), n. appo- 
 sition; in printing or writing, 
 bracketed matter. 
 
 parboil (par'boil), v.t. to boil par- 
 tially. 
 
 parbuckle ('buk-1), n. a rope formed 
 into a double sling for hoisting 
 casks, &c. : v.t. to hoist by means of 
 a parbuckle. 
 
 Parcse ('se), n.pl. in classic mythol- 
 ogy, the three Fates, Clotho, Lache- 
 sis, and Atropos, who controlled the 
 destiny of every mortal. 
 
 par 
 
 parcel ('sel), n. a small bundle or 
 package ; little part : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 parceled, p.pr. parceling], to divide 
 into parts. 
 
 parceling (-ing), n. long narrow 
 strips of tarred canvas to prevent 
 friction. 
 
 parcenary ('sen-a-ri), n. co-heirship. 
 
 parcener ('sen-er), n. a co-heir. 
 
 parch (parch), v.t. to scorch; burn 
 slightly ; dry to excess. 
 
 parchment ('ment), n. the skin of a 
 sheep, goat, &c, dressed and pre- 
 pared for writing upon ; a deed : 
 adj. made of, or like, parchment. 
 
 pard (pard), n. a leopard; any spot- 
 ted beast. 
 
 pardon (par'dn), v.t. to forgive; ab- 
 solve : n. forgiveness ; absolution ; 
 official remission of a penalty. 
 
 pardoner (-er), n. one who pardons; 
 formerly, a cleric who was licensed 
 to sell papal indulgences. 
 
 pare (par), v.t. to cut away little 
 by little ; reduce or diminish. 
 
 paregoric (par-e-gor'ik), n. a tinc- 
 ture of opium to assuage pain : adj. 
 mitigating pain. 
 
 pareira (pa-ra'ra), n. the root of a 
 Brazilian plant, used in medicine. 
 
 parenchyma (-reng'ki-ma), n. the 
 soft cellular tissue or pith of plants ; 
 the soft tissue of the glandular or- 
 gans of the body. 
 
 parenchymous ('ki-mus), adj. per- 
 taining to, or like, parenchyma: 
 soft ; spongy. Also parenchymatous. 
 
 parent (pa/rent), n. a father or 
 mother ; origin. 
 
 parentage (-aj), n. extraction; 
 birth. 
 
 parental (-ren'tal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or becoming, parents ; fond. 
 
 parentally (-li), adv. like a parent. 
 
 parenthesis (pa-ren'the-sis), n. [pi. 
 parentheses (-sez)], an explanatory 
 word or clause inserted in a sen- 
 tence, which is grammatically com- 
 plete without it: indicated by the 
 marks ( ) . 
 
 parenthetical ( par - en - thet'i - kal ) , 
 adj. expressed in a parenthesis; us- 
 ing parentheses. 
 
 parenthetically (-li), adv. in a par- 
 enthetical manner. 
 
 paresis (par'e-sis), n. insanity with 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
par 
 
 general motor paralysis ; softening 
 of the brain. 
 parhelion (par-he'li-on) , ». a mock 
 sun ; a bright light seen near the 
 sun. 
 pariah (pa'ri-a), n. one of the low- 
 est class of Hindus without caste : 
 hence an outcast. 
 
 Parian (pa'ri-an), adj. pertaining to, 
 or found in, the Isle of Paros, famed 
 for its marble : n. a fine porcelain 
 used for statuettes, &c. 
 
 parietal (pa-ri'e-tal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a wall or side ; forming the 
 wall or side : said of the large lat- 
 eral bones of the head ; growing 
 from the wall or side of another 
 organ. 
 
 parish (par'ish), n. an ecclesiastical 
 district under the particular charge 
 of priest, clergyman, or minister ; a 
 district having its own officers for 
 the care of the poor of such a dis- 
 trict ; a congregation : adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or maintained by, a parish. 
 
 parishioner ('on-er), n. one who 
 belongs to a parish. 
 
 Parisian (pa-riz'i-an), n. a native 
 or inhabitant of Paris. 
 
 pari, a prefix meaning equal. 
 
 parisyllabic (par-i-sil-ab'ik), adj. 
 having an equal number of syllables. 
 
 parity ('i-ti), n. equality; likeness. 
 
 park (park), n. a large inclosed 
 piece of ground surrounding a man- 
 sion, or used as a public place for 
 recreation ; the train of artillery be- 
 longing to an army division ; an 
 artillery encampment : v.t. to in- 
 close, or collect, in a park; com- 
 pact. 
 
 parlance (par'lans), n. conversation: 
 idiom of conversation. 
 
 parley ('li), n. a conference, especial- 
 ly with an enemy : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 parleyed, p.pr. parleying], to hold 
 a conference, especially with an 
 enemy with a view to peace. 
 
 Parliament ('li-ment), n. the su- 
 preme legislative assembly of Great 
 Britain and Ireland, consisting of 
 the Sovereign, the -House of Lords, 
 and the House of Commons. 
 
 parliamentarian (-men-ta'ri-an) , n. 
 one who is versed in parliamentary 
 law and usages. 
 
 par 
 
 parliamentary ('ta-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to, enacted by, or in ac- 
 cordance with the usages of, Par- 
 liament. 
 
 parlor ('ler), n. reception room; 
 drawing room. 
 
 Parnassian (-nas'i-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Mt. Parnassus in Greece, the 
 abode of the Muses ; of or pertaining 
 to poetry. 
 
 parochial (pa-ro'ki-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a parish ; narrow-minded. 
 
 parodist (par'o-dist), n. one who 
 parodies. 
 
 parody ('o-di), n. [pi. parodies 
 (-diz)], a burlesque imitation of a 
 serious poem : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. par- 
 odied, p.pr. parodying], to convert 
 into a parody. 
 
 parole (pa-rol'), n. a word of honor, 
 especially one given by a prisoner 
 of war that in return for conditional 
 freedom he will return to custody 
 on a specified day ; the daily pass- 
 word in a camp or garrison. 
 
 paronym (par'o-nim), n. a parony- 
 mous word. 
 
 paronymous (-on'i-mus), adj. of the 
 same derivation, but different in 
 spelling and meaning. 
 
 paroquet, same as parrakeet. 
 
 paroxysm ('oks-izm), n. a sudden 
 spasm, or fit of acute pain ; sudden 
 action or convulsion. 
 
 paroxysmal (-iz'mal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or occuring in, paroxysms. 
 
 parquet, parquette (par-kef), n. 
 the floor space of a theater between 
 the orchestra-rail and dress-circle. 
 
 parquetry ('ket-ri), n. mosaic wood- 
 work for floors. 
 
 parr (par), n. a young salmon. 
 
 parrakeet (par'a-ket), n. a small 
 long-tailed parrot. Also paraquet, 
 paroquet. 
 
 parricidal ('i-sid-al), adj. pertaining 
 to parricide. 
 
 parricide ('i-sid), n. the murderer 
 of a father or mother ; murder of a 
 parent. 
 
 parrot ('ot), n. a tropical bird with 
 a hooked bill, characterized by its 
 brilliant plumage and its power of 
 imitating the human voice. 
 
 parrot-fish (-fish), n. a brilliant 
 hued fish of the tropical seas. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then.. 
 
par 
 
 parry ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. parried, 
 p.pr. parrying], to ward off, as a 
 blow. 
 
 parse (pars), v.t. to resolve by gram- 
 matical rules a sentence into its 
 component parts, and show the re- 
 lation of the various parts of speech. 
 
 Parsee (par'se), n. a descendant of 
 the old Persians, holding the Zoroas- 
 trian faith, and now living in India. 
 Also Parsi. 
 
 Parse eism (-izm), n. the religion of 
 the Parsees. Also Parsiism. 
 
 Parsi, same as Parsee. 
 
 parsimonious (-si-mo'ni-us), adj. 
 frugal to excess ; miserly ; penurious. 
 
 parsimony ( 'si-mon-i ) , n. closeness 
 in expenditure ; niggardliness. 
 
 parsley (pars'li), n. a culinary herb. 
 
 parsnip ('rrip)> n. an edible plant 
 with a carrot-like root. 
 
 parson (par'sn), n. the incumbent of 
 a parish ; a clergyman. 
 
 parsonage '(-aj), n. an ecclesiastical 
 benefice; the residence of an incum- 
 bent. 
 
 part (part), n. something less than 
 the whole ; piece ; portion ; propor- 
 tional quantity ; ingredient ; share ; 
 member or organ ; side or party ; 
 concern ; business ; portion of a work 
 issued in numbers at stated inter- 
 vals ; any one of the characters of a 
 play ; one of the melodies in a har- 
 mony : pi. faculties, qualities, or ac- 
 complishments ; regions ; quarters : 
 v.t. to divide into two or more 
 pieces ; distribute ; separate : v.i. to 
 be separated or divided ; take leave. 
 
 partake (par-tak'), v.i. [p.t. par- 
 took, p.p. partaken, p.pr. partak- 
 ing], to take a part or share in 
 common with others. 
 
 parterre (-tar'), n. a series of flower 
 beds arranged ornamentally, with in- 
 tervening spaces of gravel or turf. 
 
 parthenogenesis ( -then-o-jen'e-sis ) , 
 n. reproduction of animals or plants 
 by means of unimpregnated germs 
 or ova. 
 
 Parthenon ('the-non), n. the temple 
 of Athene (Minerva) at Athens. 
 
 partial ('shal), adj. inclined to favor 
 one side or party ; biased. 
 
 partially (-li), adv. in a partial 
 manner. 
 
 pax* 
 
 partiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being partial. 
 
 participant (-tis'i-pant), adj. shar- 
 ing : n. one who shares or partakes. 
 
 participate ('i-pat), v.i. to partake: 
 v.t. to have part of ; share. 
 
 participation (-pa'shun), n. the 
 act of sharing something with 
 others ; division into shares ; com- 
 panionship. 
 
 participator ('i-pa-ter), n. one who 
 partakes with another. 
 
 participial (-ti-sip'i-al), adj. having 
 the nature of a participle. 
 
 participle ('ti-si-pl), n. a word 
 which partakes of the nature of a 
 verb and of an adjective. 
 
 particle ('i-kl), n. an atom; the 
 smallest part into which a body can 
 be divided ; a word non-inflected, or 
 not used alone; a crumb of conse- 
 crated bread. 
 
 parti-colored (par'ti-kul-erd)^ adj. 
 having various colors. 
 
 particular (-tik'u-lar), adj. distinct 
 from others ; individual ; peculiar or 
 special ; characteristic ; exclusive ; 
 exact ; minute. 
 
 particularity (-lar'i-ti), n. circum- 
 stantiality. 
 
 particularize ('u-lar-iz), v.t. to give 
 the particulars of : v.i. be attentive 
 to single things or details. 
 
 particularly ('u-lar-li), adv. espe- 
 cially. 
 
 parting ('ing), p.adj. separating; 
 given when separating : n. division ; 
 separating; a taking leave; a divi- 
 sion in strata. 
 
 partisan (par'ti-zan), n. an adher- 
 ent of a party or faction ; a kind of 
 halberd : adj. pertaining to, or 
 biased in favor of, a party, &c. 
 
 partisanship (-ship), n. the state 
 of being a partisan. 
 
 partite ('tit), adj. divided almost to 
 the base. 
 
 partition (-tish'un), n. the act or 
 state of being divided ; separation ; 
 distribution ; a dividing wall ; part 
 where separation is made: v.t. di- 
 vide into shares ; divide by walls. 
 
 partitive ('ti-tiv), adj. noting a 
 part : n. a word that denotes a part 
 or expresses partition. 
 
 partly (part'li), adv. in part. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
Pa* 
 
 partner ('ner), n. one who is as- 
 sociated with another, especially in 
 a business, &c. ; an associate ; one 
 who dances with another ; a hus- 
 band or wife. 
 
 partnership (-ship), n. the state of 
 being a partner ; union of two or 
 more persons in the same business 
 or profession. 
 
 partook, p.t. of partake. 
 
 partridge (piir'trij), n. a well- 
 known gallinaceous bird of the 
 genus Perdix, preserved as game. 
 
 parturition ( -tu-rish'un ) , n. the act 
 of bringing forth young. 
 
 party ('ti), n. [pi. parties ('tiz)], 
 a number of persons united together 
 for a particular purpose ; faction ; 
 one concerned in an affair ; cause or 
 side ; a select company ; single indi- 
 vidual spoken of. 
 
 party-wall (-wawl), n. a common 
 wall separating two tenements. 
 
 paschal (pas'kal), adj. pertaining to 
 the feast of the Passover or Easter. 
 
 pasha (pash'aw), n. a Turkish title 
 given to high officials. Also pacha. 
 
 pashalic (-lik), n. the jurisdiction of 
 a pasha. Also pachalic. 
 
 pasquinade (pas-kwin-ad') , n. a lam- 
 poon or rude satire : v.t. to lampoon 
 or satirize. 
 
 pass (pas), v.i. to move from one 
 place or state to another ; be pro- 
 gressive ; change by degrees ; disap- 
 pear ; be enacted ; be current : v.t. 
 to go beyond, or through, or by ; 
 cause to move onward ; omit ; dis- 
 regard ; give authority to ; transfer ; 
 void ; utter or pronounce : n. a nar- 
 row passage, avenue, or entrance ; 
 defile ; license or permission, state of 
 extremity; a thrust. 
 
 passable ('a-bl), adj. that may be 
 passed, traveled, or navigated ; ca- 
 pable of bearing inspection ; toler- 
 able. 
 
 passage ('aj), n. the act of passing; 
 course or journey ; entrance or exit ; 
 right of passing ; legal enactment ; 
 single clause or portion of a book ; 
 migratory habits. 
 
 pass-book ('book), n. a book which 
 passes between a merchant and his 
 customer and contains the entries 
 
 pa« 
 
 of goods sold on credit ; a bank-book 
 held by the depositor. 
 
 passenger ('en-jer), n. one who trav- 
 els in or on a conveyance ; one who 
 passes. 
 
 passe (-a'), adj. past; worn out or 
 faded [French]. 
 
 passerine ('er-in), adj. pertaining to 
 the Passeres, the order of birds 
 which includes the swallows and 
 sparrows. 
 
 passing (pas'ing), p.adj. departing: 
 adv. exceedingly : n. the act of going 
 by ; transit. 
 
 passing-bell (-bel), n. a bell tolled 
 immediately after the death of a 
 person. 
 
 passion (pash'un), n. violent agita- 
 tion of mind in anger ; strong deep 
 feeling or excitement ; love ; ardor ; 
 intense desire. 
 
 Passion, n. the sufferings of Christ 
 in his last agonies. 
 
 passionate (-at), adj. moved by pas- 
 sion ; angry ; excitable. 
 
 passionately (-H), adv. with pas- 
 sion. 
 
 passion-flower (-flou-er), n. a flow- 
 er of the genus Passiflora. 
 
 Passion play (pla), n. a dramatic 
 representation of the Passion of the 
 Saviour. 
 
 Passion Sunday (sun'da), n. the 
 5th Sunday in Lent. 
 
 Passion week (wek), n. the week 
 following Passion Sunday. 
 
 passive ('iv), adj. suffering without 
 resisting ; not acting ; submissive ; 
 quiescent. 
 
 passive verb (verb), n. that form of 
 a verb in which the object of the 
 active verb becomes the subject. 
 
 Passover (pas'o-ver), n. a Jewish 
 feast commemorative of the passing 
 of the destroying angel over the 
 houses of the Israelites when he 
 slew the first-born of the Egyptians. 
 
 passport ('port), n. a license to 
 travel in a foreign country. 
 
 password ('werd), n. a word by 
 means of which friends are distin- 
 guished from strangers or enemies. 
 
 past (past), p.adj. having formerly 
 been ; gone by ; completed : n. the 
 time gone by : adv. along : prep, be- 
 yond. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pas 
 
 paste (past), n. a mixture of flour, 
 &c, with water, used as a cement ; 
 dough prepared for pies, &c. ; a com- 
 position for making artificial gems : 
 v.t. to fasten with paste. 
 
 pasteboard ('bord), n. thick stiff 
 paper ; a board on which dough is 
 rolled. 
 
 pastel (pas'tel), n. a colored crayon. 
 
 paster (pas'ter), n. strip of gummed 
 paper with printed matter on it, 
 for covering over other printed mat- 
 ter, &c. 
 
 pasteurize (pas'ttir-Iz), v.t. to inocu- 
 late with the bacillus which pro- 
 duces a specific disease. 
 
 pastil ('til), n. a small cone of aro- 
 matic paste used for fumigating a 
 room ; a medicated lozenge. Also 
 pastille (pas-teT), 
 
 pastime (pas'tim), n. diversion; 
 sport. 
 
 pastor ('ter), n. a clergyman or min- 
 ister having spiritual charge of a 
 church and congregation. 
 
 pastoral (-al), adj. pertaining to 
 shepherds, or to the care of a 
 church ; rural ; addressed to the 
 clergy of a diocese by its bishop : n. 
 a kind of dramatic poem, delineating 
 incidents in rural life; a bishop's 
 pastoral letter. 
 
 pastorate ('ter-at), n. the office or 
 jurisdiction of a pastor. Also pas- 
 torship. 
 
 pastry (pas'tri), n. articles of food, as 
 pies, &c, made of light puffy dough. 
 
 pasturable (pas'tur-a-bl), adj. suited 
 for pasturing. 
 
 pasturage ('tur-aj), n. the business 
 of grazing cattle ; pasture. 
 
 pasture ('tur), n. land under grass 
 for grazing cattle ; grass for graz- 
 ing : v.t. to supply with grass or 
 pasture : v.i. to graze. 
 
 pasty (past'i), adj. like paste; a 
 small pie of crust raised without a 
 dish. 
 
 pat (pat), n. a light quick blow with 
 the hand ; a small lump of butter 
 made up : adj. apt ; exact : adv. fit- 
 ly : v.t . [p.t. & p.p. patted, p.pr. pat- 
 ting], to strike gently and quickly 
 with the fingers or hand. 
 
 patch (pach), n. a piece applied to 
 cover a hole or rent ; a piece in- 
 
 pat 
 
 serted in variegated work ; a plot of 
 ground : v.t. to put a patch on ; 
 mend clumsily. 
 
 patchouli (pa-choo'li), n. an Indian 
 plant, from the dried roots of which 
 a strong odoriferous perfume is 
 made. 
 
 pate (pat), n. the head; crown of the 
 head. 
 
 paten (pat'en), n. the plate used for 
 the bread at the Eucharist. 
 
 patent (pat'ent, or pa/tent), adj. ap- 
 parent ; open to the perusal of all ; 
 secured by letters patent ; spreading 
 widely : n. a privilege granted by 
 letters patent, as a title of nobility, 
 or the sole right in an invention : 
 v.t. to grant or secure by letters 
 patent. 
 
 patentee (-e'), n. one who has se- 
 cured a patent. 
 
 patent-leather (-le#7t-er), n. a var- 
 nished or japanned leather. 
 
 patent-yellow (-yel-o), n. a pig- 
 ment or paint composed of oxide and 
 chloride of lead. 
 
 patera (pat'er-a), n. a shallow cir- 
 cular dish; a flat ornament on a 
 frieze. 
 
 paterfamilias (pa-ter-fa-miri-as) , n. 
 the father of a family. 
 
 paternal ('ter-nal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or exhibiting the characteristics 
 of, a father ; hereditary. 
 
 paternally (-li), adv. in a paternal 
 manner. 
 
 paternity (-ter-ni-ti), n. paternal re- 
 lation ; authorship. 
 
 paternoster (pa-ter-nos'ter), n. the 
 Lord's Prayer ; a rosary ; every 11th 
 bead in a rosary. 
 
 path (path), n. a road; footway; 
 track ; course of conduct or action. 
 
 pathetic (pa-thet'ik), adj. affecting 
 the emotions or passions; touching. 
 Also pathetical. 
 
 pathetically (-al-li), adv. in a pa- 
 thetical manner. 
 
 pathogenetic (path-6-jen-et'ik), adj. 
 producing disease. 
 
 pathogeny (pa-thoj'e-ni), n. the 
 science of the origin of diseases. 
 
 pathological (path-o-loj'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to pathology. 
 
 pathologist (pa-thol'o-jist), n. one 
 skilled in pathology. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pat 
 
 pathology ('o-ji), n. the science of 
 diseases. 
 
 pathos (pa'thos), n. expression of 
 deep feeling ; that which excites the 
 mental emotions. 
 
 patience ('shens), n. the quality of 
 being patient or calmly enduring. 
 
 patient ('shent), adj. suffering pain, 
 hardship, affliction, insult, &c, with 
 calmness and equanimity ; continu- 
 ance of labor ; persevering ; waiting 
 with calmness : n. a person under 
 medical treatment. 
 
 patina (pat'i-na), n. the fine green 
 rust with which coins, ancient 
 bronzes, &c, become covered by age, 
 &c. 
 
 patness ('nes), n. appropriateness. 
 
 patois (pa-twa/), n. provincial dialect. 
 
 patriarch (pa'tri-ark), n. the foun- 
 der or head of a family ; an aged 
 man ; in the Greek Church, a metro- 
 politan dignitary of the highest rank. 
 
 patriarchate (-at), n. the office, 
 rank, or jurisdiction of a patriarch. 
 
 patrician (pa-trish'an), n. one of 
 the senators of ancient Rome ; a 
 nobleman: adj. senatorial; noble. 
 
 patrimonial (pat-ri-mo'ni-al), adj. 
 inherited from ancestors. 
 
 patrimonially (-li), adv. by inher- 
 itance. 
 
 patrimony ('ri-mo-ni), n. an estate 
 or right inherited from a father or 
 one's ancestors ; an ecclesiastical en- 
 dowment or estate. 
 
 patriot (pat'ri-, or pa'tri-ot), n. one 
 who loves, and is devoted to, his na- 
 tive country and its welfare. 
 
 patriotic (-ri-ot'ik), adj. character- 
 ized by patriotism. 
 
 patriotically (-al-li), adv. like a 
 patriot. 
 
 patriotism ('ri-ot-izm), 11. love of 
 one's country. 
 
 patristic (pa-tris'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the theology and writings of 
 the fathers of the Christian Church. 
 Also patristical. 
 
 patrol (pa-trol'), n. a corporal's 
 guard that marches round at night 
 to preserve order ; a mounted police- 
 man : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. patrolled, p.pr. 
 patrolling], to go round as a patrol. 
 
 patron (pa'tron), n. a guardian or 
 protector ; one who has the gift of a 
 
 pav 
 
 benefice. Fern, patroness : adj. giv- 
 ing aid or exercising guardianship ; 
 tutelary. 
 
 patronage (-aj), n. special support; 
 guardianship or protection ; right of 
 conferring a benefice. 
 
 patronal ('tro-nal), adj. performing 
 the office of a patron. 
 
 patronize (-niz), v.t. to act as a 
 patron towards ; support or protect ; 
 frequent as a customer. 
 
 patronymic (pat-ro-nim'ik), adj. 
 derived from the name of an an- 
 cestor : n. a name derived from an 
 ancestor. 
 
 patroon (pa-troon'), n. a landed pro- 
 prietor with manorial rights. 
 
 patten (pat'en), n. a wooden shoe 
 with an irong ring worn under the 
 soles by women as a protection 
 against damp; the base of a col- 
 umn. 
 
 patter ('er), v.i. to strike with a 
 quick succession of light sounds, as 
 hail : n. the dialect of a class. 
 
 pattering (-ing), p. adj. making a 
 quick succession of light blows. 
 
 pattern ('era), n. a model, sample, 
 or specimen ; anything cut out or 
 formed into shape to be copied. 
 
 patty ('i), n. a small pie. 
 
 pancity (paw'si-ti), n. smallness of 
 number or quantity. 
 
 pannch (panch, or pawnch), n. the 
 belly ; the first and largest stomach 
 of a ruminant. 
 
 panper (paw'per), n. a poor person; 
 one who is supported by the poor 
 rates. 
 
 pauperism (-izm), n. the state of 
 being a pauper. 
 
 pauperize (-Iz), v.t. to reduce to 
 pauperism. 
 
 pause (pawz), n. cessation; tempo- 
 rary stop ; a break in writing indi- 
 cated by the mark [ — ] ; a mark of 
 cessation in speaking; a mark [^ ] 
 in music, indicating the continuance 
 of a note or rest : v.i. to make a 
 short stop ; wait ; hesitate. 
 
 pave (pav), v.t. to cover or lay with 
 stones, bricks, &c. : as, to pave a 
 street. 
 
 pavement (pav'ment), n. a paved 
 roadway or floor. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
P»T - 
 
 paver (pa/ver), n. one whose occupa- 
 tion is to lay pavements. 
 
 pavilion (pa-vil'yun), n. an orna- 
 mental domed-shaped building; a 
 large tent ; a temporary movable 
 habitation ; summer-house. 
 
 paving (pa'ving), n. pavement. 
 
 pavonine (pav'o-nin), adj. resem- 
 bling the tail of a peacock; irides- 
 cent : said of certain ores. 
 
 paw (paw), n. the foot of an animal 
 with claws ; the hand : v.t. to scrape 
 with the forefoot ; handle, as with 
 paws ; caress, as a dog. 
 
 pawl (pawl), n. a short bar to pre- 
 vent the recoil of a windlass. 
 
 pawn (pawn), n. something given as 
 security for the redemption of a 
 pledge ; a common piece at chess : 
 v.t. to give in pledge. 
 
 pawnbroker ('bro-ker), n. one who 
 lends money on the security of goods 
 pawned with him. 
 
 pawpaw (paw'paw), n. a tree of 
 the custard-apple family, common in 
 the southwestern United States. 
 
 paac (paks), n. a small crucifix, or a 
 crucifix engraved on a small metal 
 plate kissed by worshippers. 
 
 pazwaz ('waks), n. the strong ten- 
 don in the neck of animals. 
 
 pay (pa), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. paid, p.pr. 
 paying] , to discharge a debt to ; 
 give an equivalent for ; compensate ; 
 reward ; fulfil ; smear with tar, 
 pitch, &c. : n. money given for serv- 
 ice rendered. 
 
 payee (-e'), n. one to whom money is 
 paid. 
 
 paymaster ('mas-ter), n. one who 
 pays or from whom wages are re- 
 ceived, especially an officer in the 
 army or navy whose duty is to pay 
 the officers and men. 
 
 pea (pe), n. [pi. peas, or pease 
 (pez)], a leguminous plant of the 
 genus Pisum and its edible seed. 
 
 peace (pes), n. a state of rest or 
 tranquillity; calm; freedom from 
 war or disturbance. 
 
 peaceable ('a-bl), adj. disposed to 
 peace ; calm ; quiet. 
 
 peaceableness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being peaceable. Also 
 peacefulness. 
 
 pea 
 
 peaceably (-bli), adv. without agita- 
 tion or tumult. 
 
 peaceful ('fool), adj. full of peace; 
 pacific ; quiet. 
 
 peacefully (-li), adv. in a peaceful 
 manner. 
 
 peace-officer (-of'i-ser), n. a justice 
 of the peace or a police-officer. 
 
 peach (pech) , n. a tree with its downy 
 edible fruit : v.i. to betray one's ac- 
 complices. 
 
 peacock (pe'kok), n. a gallinaceous 
 bird with handsome plumage : adj. 
 iridescent like the feathers of the 
 peacock. 
 
 peahen ('hen), n. a female peafowl, 
 homologous to the peacock. 
 
 pea-jacket ('jak-et), n. a seaman's 
 heavy jacket. 
 
 peak (pek), n. the sharp-pointed sum- 
 mit or jutting part of a mountain 
 or hill ; pointed end ; the leather pro- 
 jection in front of a cap ; the upper 
 outer corner of an extended sail : v.i. 
 to look pale and wan : v.t. to raise 
 (a sail) obliquely to the mast. 
 
 peakish ('ish), adj. having pale thin 
 features. 
 
 peaky ('i), adj. having, or resem- 
 bling, a peak. 
 
 peal (pel), n. a loud sound, as of 
 thunder, bells, &c. ; a set of musical 
 bells, or the changes rung by them : 
 v.i. to give forth loud or solemn 
 sounds. 
 
 pean, same as paean. 
 
 peanut (pe'nut), n. the ground-nut. 
 
 pear (par), n. the juicy edible fruit 
 of the pear-tree (Pyrus communis). 
 
 pearl (perl), n. a hard, smooth, grey- 
 ish-white iridescent gem found in 
 the mother-of-pearl oyster ; anything 
 resembling a pearl or very precious ; 
 a white speck in the eye ; a small 
 size of type (see type) : adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or formed of, pearls : v.t. 
 to set or adorn with pearls. 
 
 pearlash ('ash), n. an impure car- 
 bonate of potash. 
 
 pearliness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
 being pearly. 
 
 pearly ('i), adj. resembling or con- 
 taining, pearls ; clear ; transparent. 
 
 peasant (pez'ant), n. a countryman; 
 rustic laborer : adj. rural ; rustic. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pea 
 
 peasantry (-ri), n. peasants collec- 
 tively. 
 
 pease (pez), n.pl. peas collectively. 
 
 peas tone (pe'ston), n. pisolite. 
 
 peat (pet), n. decayed vegetable mat- 
 ter resembling turf cut out of bogs : 
 used as fuel. 
 
 pebble (peb'l), n. a roundish stone; 
 transparent rock crystal used for 
 spectacles, &c. 
 
 pebbly ('li), adj. full of pebbles. 
 
 pecan (pe-kan'), n. a species of 
 North American hickory and its 
 fruit. 
 
 peccability (pek-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state of being subject to sin. 
 
 peccable ('a-bl), adj. liable to sin. 
 
 peccadillo (-dil'o), n. a trifling fault. 
 
 peccancy ('an-si), n. sinfulness. 
 
 peccary ('a-ri), n. a South American 
 mammal allied to the hog. 
 
 peccavi (a'vi), (Latin, I have 
 sinned), a word in colloquial use, 
 expressive of contrition for the com- 
 mission of a fault. 
 
 peck (pek), n. l-4th of a bushel; 
 quick sharp stroke with the beak : 
 v.t. to strike with the beak ; pick up 
 with the beak ; eat. 
 
 pecker ('er), n. one who pecks; a 
 woodpecker. 
 
 pectic acid ('tik as'id), n. an acid 
 found in various fruits. 
 
 pectin ('tin), n. the gelatinizing prin- 
 ciple of certain ripe fruits. 
 
 pectinate ('tin-at), adj. shaped like 
 the teeth of a comb. Also pectinated. 
 
 pectoral ('to-ral), adj. pertaining 
 to, good for, or worn on, the chest : 
 n. the breastplate of the Jewish 
 high-priest ; a medicine for chest 
 complaints; a pectoral fin. 
 
 peculate ('u-lat), v.i. to appropriate 
 public money to one's own use ; em- 
 bezzle. 
 
 peculation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
 appropriating public money to one's 
 own use. 
 
 peculator ('u-la-ter), n. one who 
 peculates. 
 
 peculiar (pe-ku'lyar) , adj. one's own ; 
 appropriate ; individual ; strange : n. 
 a church or parish exempted from 
 the jurisdiction of the diocese to 
 which it belongs. 
 
 ped 
 
 peculiarity (-li-ar'i-ti), n. [pi. pecu- 
 liarities (-tiz)], something peculiar 
 or characteristic. 
 
 peculiarly ('lyar-li), adv. in a pecu- 
 liar manner. 
 
 pecuniarily ('ni-ar-i-li), adv. as re- 
 gards money. 
 
 pecuniary ('ni-ar-i), adj. pertaining 
 to, or consisting of, money ; mone- 
 tary. 
 
 pedagogic (ped-a-goj'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to a pedagogue or to the 
 science of teaching. Also pedagog- 
 ical. 
 
 pedagogics ('iks), n. the science of 
 teaching. 
 
 pedagogism ('a-gog-izm), n. the oc- 
 cupation or manners of a pedagogue. 
 
 pedagogist (-ist), n. one who treats 
 of pedagogics. 
 
 pedagogue ('a-gog), n. a schoolmas- 
 ter ; pedant. 
 
 pedagogy ('a-go-ji), n. pedagogics. 
 
 pedal (ped'al), adj. pertaining to a 
 foot : n. a key or lever attached to 
 a musical instrument and moved by 
 the foot, to modify the swell or 
 tone. 
 
 pedant ('ant), n. one who makes an 
 ostentatious display of his learning. 
 
 pedantic (pe-dan'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or characterized by, ped- 
 antry. Pedantical. 
 
 pedantically (-al-Ii), adv. like a 
 pedant. 
 
 pedantry ('an-tri), n. ostentatious 
 display of learning. 
 
 pedate ('at), adj. palmate, with the 
 two lateral sections lengthened and 
 lobed. 
 
 peddle ('1), v.i. to travel about sell- 
 ing small wares ; be busy about 
 trifles : v.t. to retail in small quan- 
 tities. 
 
 peddler, pedler, pedlar ('ler), n. 
 one who peddles. 
 
 peddling ('ling), adj. trifling. 
 
 pedestal ('es-tal), n. the base of a 
 column, statue, &c. 
 
 pedestrian (pe-des'tri-an), adj. go- 
 ing on foot ; walking : n. one who 
 journeys on foot ; professional walk- 
 er. 
 
 pedestrianism (-izm), n. the art or 
 practice of walking ; racing on foot. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ped 
 
 pedicel (ped'i-sel), n. a small short 
 foot-stalk. 
 
 pedicure ('i-ktir), n. the care of the 
 feet ; a chiropodist. 
 
 pediform ('i-form), adj. foot-shaped. 
 
 pedigree ('i-gre), n. lineage; gen- 
 ealogy. 
 
 pediment ('i-ment), n. the triangu- 
 lar or circular ornament over the 
 entablature, &c, of a building. 
 
 pedler, see peddler. 
 
 pedohaptism, same as pcedobaptism. 
 
 pedometer (pe-dom'e-ter), n. a 
 watch-shaped instrument for re- 
 cording paces and distances in walk- 
 ing. 
 
 peduncle (-dung'kl), n. a flower- 
 stalk. 
 
 peduncular ('ku-lar), adj. of or per- 
 taining to a peduncle. 
 
 pedunculate ('ku-lat), adj. having, 
 or growing upon, a peduncle. Also 
 pedunculated. 
 
 peel (pel), v.t. to strip the skin, bark, 
 or rind from : v.i. to undress : n. 
 skin or rind ; a baker's long flat 
 wooden shovel ; a contrivance for 
 hanging up printed sheets to dry. 
 
 peeler ('er), n. one who peels; a 
 pillager ; a policeman : from Sir 
 Robert Peel. 
 
 peen (pen), n. the point of a ma- 
 son's hammer. 
 
 peep (pep), v.i. to chirp or cry, as 
 young birds ; to look through a 
 crevice or hiding place ; look slyly ; 
 begin to appear : n. the cry of a 
 chicken ; a sly look ; a beginning to 
 appear. 
 
 peer (per), n. one of the same rank; 
 an equal ; associate ; a nobleman ; a 
 member of the House of Lords : v.i. 
 to appear ; look narrowly. 
 
 peerage ('aj), n. the rank or dignity 
 of a peer ; peers collectively ; a book 
 giving information respecting the 
 nobility. 
 
 peeress ('es), n. a peer's wife; a lady 
 of noble rank. 
 
 peerless ('les), adj. without an 
 equal. 
 
 peevish (pev'ish), adj. fretful; diffi- 
 cult to please. 
 
 peewit (pe'wit), n. the lapwing. 
 
 peg (peg), n. a small pointed wooden 
 pin ; a piece of wood serving as a 
 
 pen 
 
 nail : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pegged, p.pr. 
 pegging], to fasten or mark out 
 with pegs. 
 
 pelage (pel'aj), n. the hair or similar 
 covering of a mammal. 
 
 pelagic (-laj'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 the ocean. 
 
 pelerine (pel'er-in), n. a lady's long 
 cape with tapering ends. 
 
 pelf (pelf), n. money; wealth: used 
 in a bad sense. 
 
 pelican (pel'i-kan), n. a large aquat- 
 ic bird with a huge axe-shaped bill ; 
 a dentist's instrument. 
 
 pelisse (pe-les'), n. a lady's silk 
 habit. 
 
 pell (pel), n. a skin or hide; a roll 
 of parchment. 
 
 pellet ('et), n. a little ball. 
 
 pellicle ('i-kl), n. a thin skin or 
 film. 
 
 pellitory ('i-to-ri), n. a perennial 
 plant of the nettle family, grow- 
 ing on old walls. 
 
 pell-mell ('mel), adv. with confused 
 violence. 
 
 pellucid (-ii'sid) , adj. perfectly clear ; 
 transparent. 
 
 pelt (pelt), w. a raw hide; a blow 
 from something thrown : v.t. to 
 strike by throwing something : v.i. 
 to fall heavily, as rain. 
 
 peltry (pel'tri), n. skins of furred 
 animals collectively. 
 
 pelt-wool (pelt'wool), n. wool from 
 dead sheep. 
 
 pelvic (pel'vik), adj. pertaining to 
 the pelvis. 
 
 pelvis ('vis), n. the bony cavity in 
 the lower part of the abdomen. 
 
 pemmican (pem'i-kan), n. lean 
 meat, dried, pounded, and pressed 
 into cakes. 
 
 pen (pen), n. a small inclosure; 
 coop ; an instrument for writing : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. penned, p.pr. pen- 
 ning], to shut up or confine in a 
 small inclosure ; write. 
 
 penal (pe'nal), adj. enacting, inflict- 
 ing, or incurring punishment for 
 crime ; punitive. 
 
 penally (-li), adv. by way of pun- 
 ishment. 
 
 penalty (pen'al-ti), n. legal punish- 
 ment either on the person or by a 
 
 fite, arm, 
 
 at, awl : me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pen 
 
 fine ; fine or forfeit ; an extra 
 weight carried by a racehorse. 
 
 penance (pen'ans), n. self-imposed 
 suffering, as an expression of con- 
 trition for sin ; repentance ; in the 
 Roman Catholic Church one of the 
 sacraments by which sins are par- 
 doned after confession and satisfac- 
 tion. 
 
 penates (pe-na'tez), n.pl. the house- 
 hold gods of the ancient Romans. 
 
 pence, pi. of penny. 
 
 penchant (pang-shang'), n. a strong 
 inclination or taste [French]. 
 
 pencil (pen'sil), n. a small fine brush 
 used by artists ; a pointed instru- 
 ment of black lead, colored chalk, 
 &c. ; a collection of rays of light 
 converging to a point : v.t. to write, 
 sketch, paint, or mark with a pencil. 
 
 penciled ('sild), p.adj. written, 
 drawn, or painted, with a pencil ; 
 radiating. 
 
 penciling (-ing), n. the art of writ- 
 ing, sketching, or painting with a 
 pencil. 
 
 pendant ('dant), n. anything hang- 
 ing for ornamentation ; an ear-ring 
 or locket; a pennant. 
 
 pendency ('den-si), n. suspense; in- 
 decision. Also pendence. 
 
 pendent ('dent), adj. hanging; pro- 
 jecting; swinging. 
 
 pending ('ding), adj. undecided; 
 hanging in suspense. 
 
 pendulous ('du-lus), adj. hanging; 
 oscillating. 
 
 pendulum ('du-lum), n. a heavy 
 body suspended so that it may vi- 
 brate backwards and forwards about 
 a fixed point by the force of gravity, 
 as in a clock. 
 
 penetrability (-e-tra-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 susceptibility of being entered or 
 passed through by another body. 
 
 penetrable ('e-tra-bl), adj. that may 
 be penetrated ; susceptive of im- 
 pression. 
 
 penetralia (-tra'li-a), n.pl. the in- 
 ner part of a temple, house, &c. ; 
 mysteries. 
 
 penetrant ('e-trant), adj. penetrat- 
 ing ; subtile ; acute. 
 
 penetrate ('e-trat), v.t. to pierce in- 
 to ; enter ; bore or perforate ; reach 
 
 pen 
 
 the mind ; affect deeply ; reach the 
 interior.^ 
 
 penetrating (-ing), p.adj. piercing; 
 sharp ; discerning. Also penetra- 
 tive. 
 
 penetration (-tra'shun), n. the act 
 of penetrating ; mental acuteness. 
 
 penetrativeness (-tiv-nes), n. the 
 quality of being penetrative. 
 
 pen-fish ('fish), n. a kind of eel pout. 
 
 penguin ('gwin), n. a large sea-fowl 
 with rudimentary wings. 
 
 peninsula ^ (pe-nin'su-la), n. a por- 
 tion of jutting land nearly sur- 
 rounded by water, and connected 
 with the mainland by an isthmus. 
 
 peninsular ('su-lar), adj. pertaining 
 to, or shaped like, a peninsula. 
 
 penitence (pen'i-tens), n. sorrow for 
 sin ; state of being penitent. 
 
 penitent ('i-tent), adj. repentant: n. 
 one who is penitent ; one under ec- 
 clesiastical censure, but admitted to 
 penance ; one who is under the di- 
 rection of a confessor. 
 
 penitential (-ten'shal), adj. per- 
 taining to, or expressing, penitence ; 
 of the nature of penance : n. in the 
 Roman Catholic Church a book 
 treating of the rules and degrees of 
 penance. 
 
 penitentiary (-ten'sha-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to penance : n. a penitent ; a 
 house of correction ; a state prison ; 
 a home for fallen women ; an office 
 at the papal court, that grants dis- 
 pensations, absolutions, &c. ; the of- 
 ficial who presides over such a court. 
 
 penknife ('nif), n. a small pocket- 
 knife. 
 
 penman ('man), n. an author; one 
 who writes a good hand. 
 
 penmanship (-ship), n. the art, or 
 style, of writing. 
 
 pennant ('ant), n. a long narrow 
 strip of bunting at the mast-heads 
 of men-of-war. 
 
 pennate, same as pinnate. 
 
 penniless (pen'i-les), adj. without 
 money ; destitute. 
 
 pennon ('on), n. a small swallow- 
 tailed flag or streamer. 
 
 penny (-i), n. [pi. pennies ('iz) (de- 
 noting number), pence (pens), (de- 
 noting amount or value)], a bronze 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pen 
 
 coin = 1-12 of a shilling, or 2 cents, 
 (English). 
 
 pennyroyal (-roi'al), n. an aromatic 
 herb of the mint family. 
 
 pennyweight (-wat), n. a weight = 
 24 grains troy. 
 
 penological (pe-no-loj'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to penology. 
 
 penologist (-nol'o-jist), n. a student 
 of penology. 
 
 penology (-nol'o-ji), n. the scientific 
 study of punishments, prison man- 
 agement, &c. 
 
 pensile ('sil), adj. hanging. 
 
 pension ('shun), n. sl stated allow- 
 ance paid for past services, as to the 
 state, &c. ; money paid instead of 
 tithes ; a continental boarding house 
 or school (pang-si-ang') : v.t. to 
 grant a pension to. 
 
 pensionary ('shun-a-ri), adj. con- 
 sisting of, or maintained by, a pen- 
 sion : n. a person in receipt of a pen- 
 sion. 
 
 pensioner ('shun-er), n. one who re- 
 ceives a pension, especially a dis- 
 charged soldier. 
 
 pensive ('siv), adj. thoughtful; sad. 
 
 pensively (-li), adv. in a pensive 
 manner. 
 
 pensiveness (-nes), n. thoughtful- 
 ness ; melancholy. 
 
 pent, p.t. & p.p. of pen (to shut up). 
 
 penta, a prefix meaning five, as penta- 
 chord, an instrument with 5 strings ; 
 musical scale of 5 sounds. Also 
 pente. 
 
 pentad (pen'tad), n. an element 
 which combines with or replaces a 
 monad. 
 
 pentagon (pen'ta-gon), n. a figure 
 of 5 sides and 5 angles. 
 
 pentahedral (-he'dral), adj. having 
 5 sides. 
 
 pentahedron ('dron), n. a solid fig- 
 ure having 5 sides. 
 
 pentahexahedral ( -heks-a-he'dral ) , 
 adj. exhibiting 5 ranges of faces, one 
 above another, each range contain- 
 ing 6 faces. 
 
 pentamerous (-tam'e-rus), adj. con- 
 sisting of 5 parts. 
 
 pentameter ('e-ter), n. a verse con- 
 sisting of 5 feet. 
 
 pentastyle ('ta-stll), n. a building 
 with 5 columns in front. 
 
 Pep 
 
 Pentateuch ('ta-tuk), n. the first 5 
 books of the Old Testament. 
 
 Pentecost ('te-kost), n. a Jewish fes- 
 tival kept the 50th day after the sec- 
 ond day of the Passover; Whitsun- 
 tide, commemorative of the descent 
 of the Holy Ghost. 
 
 Pentecostal (-al), adj. pertaining to 
 Pentecost. 
 
 penthouse ('hous), n. a shed with a 
 slanting roof projecting from a main 
 wall or building. 
 
 penult (pe-nult'), n. the last syllable 
 of a word but one. Also penultima. 
 
 penultimate ('i-mat), adj. last but 
 one. 
 
 penumbra (-num'bra), n. a partial 
 shadow on the exterior of the perfect 
 shadow of an eclipse ; the boundary 
 of light and shade in a picture. 
 
 penurious (-nu'ri-us), adj. miserly; 
 sordid. 
 
 penury (pen'u-ri), n. want of the ne- 
 cessities of life ; poverty. 
 
 peon (pe'on), n. a, Mexican laborer; 
 an Indian native soldier or consta- 
 ble ; a pawn at chess. 
 
 peony ('o-ni), n. a perennial plant 
 with handsome flowers of the genus 
 Pseonia. Also paeony. 
 
 people ('pi), n. [pi. people, peoples 
 ('plz)J, persons generally; commu- 
 nity ; inhabitants ; race, kindred, or 
 family; the commonalty: v.t. to 
 stock with people or inhabitants. 
 
 pepper (pep'er), n. a hot pungent 
 spice made of the ground seeds of 
 Piper nigrum. 
 
 peppercorn (-k6rn), n. the small 
 berry of the pepper-plant: hence 
 anything insignificant. 
 
 peppermint (-mint), n. an aromatic 
 herb ; the cordial prepared from it. 
 
 pepper-wort (-wert), n. a cress. 
 
 peppery (-i), adj. like pepper; fiery; 
 pungent. 
 
 pepsin ('sin), n. a nitrogenous fer- 
 ment contained in gastric juice ; a 
 preparation from the stomach of a 
 pig used in medicine to aid digestion. 
 Also pepsine. 
 
 peptic ('tik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 promoting, digestion : n. a medicine 
 to aid digestion : pi. the science of 
 digestion. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pep 
 
 peptones ('tonz), n.pl. the products 
 of the action of pepsin. 
 
 per, a prefix meaning through, over 
 the whole extent, by, very, as per- 
 ambulate, to walk over ; per diem, 
 by the day, &c. 
 
 per ad venture (per-ad-ven'tur), adv. 
 by chance. 
 
 perambulation (-am-bu-la'shun), n. 
 the act of passing through ; a survey 
 made by traveling ; the annual sur- 
 vey of a parish boundary. 
 
 perambulator ('bu-la-ter), n. one 
 who perambulates ; a baby carriage ; 
 an instrument for measuring road 
 distances. 
 
 percale (-kal'), n. cotton fabrics with 
 a linen finish. 
 
 perceivable (-se'va-bl), adj. discern- 
 ible by the mind. 
 
 perceivably (-bli), adv. perceptibly. 
 
 perceive (-sev'), v.t. to obtain knowl- 
 edge of by the senses ; understand ; 
 discern. 
 
 per cent, (-sent'), by the hundred. 
 
 percentage (-sent'aj), n. proportion- 
 al allowance per cent. 
 
 perceptibility (-sep-ti-biri-ti), n. the 
 quality of being perceptible. 
 
 perceptible ('ti-bl), adj. that may be 
 perceived. 
 
 perceptibly (-bli), adv. so as to be 
 perceived. 
 
 perception (-sep'shun), n. the act, 
 state, or faculty of receiving knowl- 
 edge of external things by the me- 
 dium of the senses ; idea, notion, or 
 conception. 
 
 perceptive ('tiv), adj. having the 
 faculty of perceiving. 
 
 perceptivity ('i-ti), n. the power of 
 perception or thinking. 
 
 percb (perch), n. a fresh- water fish; 
 a measure of length = S 1 /^ yards, 
 l-40th of a rood ; anything on which 
 birds sit or roost : v.i. to sit or roost : 
 v.t. to place on a perch. 
 
 perchance (per-chans'), adv. per- 
 haps. 
 
 per chlorate (-klo'rat), n. a com- 
 pound of perchloric acid and a base. 
 
 perchloric ('rik), adj. noting an acid 
 having 7 equivalents of oxygen to 2 
 of chlorine. 
 
 perchloride ('rid), n. a compound of 
 an excess of chlorine with a base. 
 
 per 
 
 percipience (-sip'i-ens), n. the act 
 of perceiving. 
 
 percipient ('i-ent), adj. perceiving: 
 n. one who perceives. 
 
 percolate ('ko-lat), v.i. to pass 
 through small spaces. 
 
 percolation (-la/shun), n. filtration. 
 
 percolator ('ko-la-ter), n. a filtering 
 machine or vessel ; a coffee-pot fitted 
 with a filter. 
 
 percussion (-kush'un), n. violent col- 
 lision ; shock produced by the colli- 
 sion of bodies ; impression of sound 
 on the ear ; the medical examination 
 of a part of the body by tapping it 
 gently so as to determine its condi- 
 tion by the sound produced. 
 
 percussion-cap (kap), n. a small 
 copper cap containing fulminating 
 powder, which, placed on the nipple 
 of a gun, explodes the powder when 
 struck by the* lock. 
 
 percussive (-kus'iv), adj. striking 
 against. 
 
 perdition (-dish'un), n. total de- 
 struction ; ruin ; utter loss of the 
 soul or of happiness in a future 
 state. 
 
 perdu (-da'), adj. forlorn; hidden: 
 n. one lying in ambush : adv. in am- 
 bush or a post of danger. 
 
 peregrination (-e-grin-a'shun), n. 
 the act of traveling about. 
 
 peregrinator ('e-grin-a-ter), n. a 
 traveler. 
 
 peremptorily ( 'emp-tor-i-li ) , adv. in 
 a peremptory manner. 
 
 peremptoriness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being peremptory. 
 
 peremptory ( 'emp-tor-i ) , adj. posi- 
 tive ; final ; decisive ; precluding dis- 
 cussion or hesitation. 
 
 perennial (-en'i-al), adj. lasting 
 through the year ; perpetual ; noting 
 plants that continue more than 2 
 years. 
 
 perennially (-11), adv. so as to be 
 perennial ; perpetually. 
 
 perfect ('fekt), adj. complete; with- 
 out defect or blemish ; blameless ; 
 pure ; possessing every moral excel- 
 lence ; fully skilled or accomplished ; 
 in grammar, the tense that expresses 
 completed action : v.t. to make per- 
 fect ; complete or finish. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
per 
 
 perfectibility (-fek-ti-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 capacity for becoming perfect. 
 
 perfectible (-fek'ti-bl.), adj. capable 
 of being made perfect. 
 
 perfection ('shun), n. the state of 
 being perfect ; supreme excellence. 
 
 perfidious (-fid'i-us), adj. false to 
 trust ; treacherous ; faithless. 
 
 perfidy ('fi-di), n. violation of a trust 
 reposed ; breach of faith. 
 
 perforate ('fo-rat), v.t. to pierce or 
 bore through ; make a hole through. 
 
 perforation (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
 piercing or boring through ; a hole 
 bored through. 
 
 perforator ('fo-ra-ter), n. one who, 
 or that which, perforates. 
 
 perforce (-fors'), adv. by force; vio- 
 lently. 
 
 perform (-form'), v.t. to do or carry 
 out ; execute ; achieve ; fulfil : v.i. to 
 act a part. * 
 
 performance ('ans), n. the act of 
 performing ; execution ; completion ; 
 deed or feat ; an entertainment. 
 
 perfume (-fum'), v.t. to impregnate 
 with a pleasant odor ; scent : n. a 
 sweet-smelling scent. 
 
 perfumery ('er-i), n. perfumes in 
 general. 
 
 perfunctorily (-fungk'to-ri-li), adv. 
 carelessly. 
 
 perfunctoriness (-nes), n. careless- 
 ness. 
 
 perfunctory ( 'to-ri ) , adj. done care- 
 lessly or negligently with the pur- 
 pose of getting rid of the duty; 
 negligent. 
 
 perhaps (-haps'), adv. possibly. 
 
 peri (pe'ri), n. in Persian mythology, 
 a descendant of a fallen spirit ex- 
 cluded from paradise ; a fairy : 
 ( per'i ) , a prefix, meaning around, 
 as peribolos, a wall or court sur- 
 rounding a temple. 
 
 perianth (per'i-anth), n. a floral en- 
 velope. 
 
 pericardiac (-kar'di-ak), adj. per- 
 taining to the pericardium. Also 
 pericardial. 
 
 pericarditis (-di'tis), n. inflamma- 
 tion of the pericardium. 
 
 pericardium (-kar'di-um), n. the 
 membrane that surrounds the heart. 
 
 pericarp ('i-karp), n. the seed-v^sel 
 of a plant. 
 
 per 
 
 pericarpial (-kar'pi-al), adj. per- 
 taining to a pericarp. 
 
 periclase ('i-klaz), n. a magnesian 
 mineral. 
 
 periclinal (-kli'nal), adj. dipping on 
 all sides from a central axis. 
 
 pericranium (-kra'ni-um), n. the 
 membrane that surrounds the cra- 
 nium. 
 
 perigee (-je), n. that point in the 
 orbit of the moon, or of a planet, 
 nearest the earth. 
 
 perihelion (-he'li-on), n. [pi. peri- 
 helia (-a)], that point in the orbit 
 of a planet, or a comet, nearest the 
 sun. 
 
 peril ('il), n. exposure to injury; 
 danger ; jeopardy ; risk : v.t. to ex- 
 pose to danger or risk. 
 
 perilous (-us), adj. full of peril; 
 hazardous ; dangerous. 
 
 perimeter (pe-rim'e-ter), n. the out- 
 er boundary of a plane surface. 
 
 period (pe'ri-od), n. a circuit or cy- 
 cle ; interval of time ; the time taken 
 by a planet to revolve round the 
 sun ; length of duration ; conclusion ; 
 a dot [.] to mark the end of a sen- 
 tence ; in rhetoric, a complete sen- 
 tence. 
 
 periodical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining 
 to a period, or to periodicals ; occur- 
 ring at regular intervals. Also peri- 
 odic : n. a publication issued at 
 stated intervals, as a magazine. 
 
 periodically (-li), adv. at stated in- 
 tervals. 
 
 periodicity (-o-dis'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being periodical. 
 
 periosteal (per-i-os'te-al), adj. per- 
 taining to the periosteum. 
 
 periosteum ('te-um), n. the vascular 
 nervous membrane which covers the 
 bones. 
 
 periostitis (-ti'tis), n. inflammation 
 of the periosteum. 
 
 Peripatetic (-pa-tet'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to the philosophy of Aristotle 
 who instructed his disciples while he 
 walked about the Lyceum : n. a dis- 
 ciple of Aristotle. 
 
 peripatetic (-pa-tet'ik), adj. walking 
 about : n. one who is accustomed or 
 compelled to walk. 
 
 peripheral (pe-rif'er-al), adj. per- 
 taining to a periphery. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; mS, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
per 
 
 periphery ('er-i), n. [pi. peripheries 
 (-iz) ], the circumference of a circle, 
 ellipse, or similar figure. 
 
 periphrasis (-rif'ra-sis), n. circum- 
 locution. % 
 
 periphrastic (per-i-fras'tik), adj. 
 circumlocutory. Also periphrastical. 
 
 periphrastically (-al-li), adv. by 
 periphrasis. 
 
 periscope (-per'i-skop), n. an instru- 
 ment for seeing over intervening ob- 
 jects ; used in guiding submarine 
 boats. 
 
 periscopic (per-i-skop'ik), adj. view- 
 ing all round, and so constructed as 
 to increase the distinctness of ob- 
 jects when viewed at an oblique an- 
 gle. Also periscopical. 
 
 perish ('ish), v.i. to lose life or vi- 
 tality ; decay or die ; be destroyed or 
 come to nothing. 
 
 perishability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state of being perishable. Also per- 
 ishableness. 
 
 perishable (per'ish-a-bl), adj. liable 
 to perish ; mortal. 
 
 perisperm ('i-sperm), n. albumen of 
 a seed. 
 
 peristaltic (-stal'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the peculiar worm-like move- 
 ment of the intestines by which their 
 contents are forced onward. 
 
 peristyle ('i-stil), n. an open court 
 in the interior of a house surrounded 
 by a row of columns. 
 
 perisystole (-sis'to-le), n. the inter- 
 val that ensues on the contraction of 
 the heart before the dilation (dias- 
 tole) which follows. 
 
 peritoneal (-to-ne'al), adj. pertain- 
 to the peritoneum. 
 
 peritoneum ('um), n. a thin serous 
 membrane which covers the abdom- 
 inal viscera. 
 
 peritonitis (-ni'tis), n. inflammation 
 of the peritoneum. 
 
 periwig (per'i-wig), n. a small wig. 
 
 periwinkle (-wing'kl), n. a peren- 
 nial creeping plant ; a small uni- 
 valve mollusk. 
 
 perjure (per'jur), v.i. to swear false- 
 ly. 
 
 perjury (-i), n. the act of swearing 
 falsely when on oath. 
 
 perk (perk), v.t. to make trim or 
 
 per 
 
 smart : v.i. to hold up the head in a 
 smart or saucy manner ; peer. 
 
 perky ('i), adj. jaunty; smart. 
 
 permanence ('ma-nens), n. the state 
 or quality of being permanent ; dura- 
 tion. Also permanency. 
 
 permanent (-nent), adj. lasting; 
 durable; continuing in the same 
 state. 
 
 permeability (-me-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being permeable. 
 
 permeable ('me-a-bl), adj. that may 
 be passed through. 
 
 permeate ('me-at), v.t. to penetrate 
 and pass through the pores or in- 
 terstices of. 
 
 permeation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
 permeating. 
 
 permissible (-mis'i-bl) , adj. that may 
 be permitted. 
 
 permission (-mish'un), n. the act of 
 permitting ; leave ; license. 
 
 permissive (-mis'iv), adj. granting 
 permission or license ; not forbid- 
 ding. 
 
 permissively (-li), adv. by permis- 
 sion. 
 
 permit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. per- 
 mitted, p.pr. permitting], to allow 
 without command ; consent to ; toler- 
 ate : n. (per 'mit) a written license 
 from an officer of customs to remove 
 dutiable goods ; permission. 
 
 permitter ('er), n. one who permits. 
 
 permutable (-mut'a-bl), adj. inter- 
 changeable. 
 
 permutation (-mu-ta'shun), n. the 
 exchange of one thing for another ; 
 the arrangement of any determinate 
 number of things or letters, in all 
 possible orders, one after the other. 
 
 pernicious (-nish'us), adj. highly in- 
 jurious or hurtful ; destructive. 
 
 pernickety (nik'i-ti), adj. trim; at- 
 tentive to trifles ; overnice ; fussily 
 particular. 
 
 peroration (-o-ra'shun), n. the con- 
 cluding part of an oration. 
 
 peroxide (-oks'id), n. the oxide of a 
 base which contains the largest pro- 
 portion of oxygen. 
 
 peroxidize ('i-diz), v.t. to oxidize to 
 the greatest degree. 
 
 perpendicular (-dik'u-lar), adj. 
 standing at right angles to a given 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 D - 39 - book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
per 
 
 line or surface ; perfectly upright : n. 
 a perpendicular line. 
 
 perpetrate ('pe-trat), v.t. to com- 
 mit; perform (in a bad sense). 
 
 perpetration (-tra/shun), n. the act 
 of perpetrating. 
 
 perpetrator ('pe-tra-ter), n. one who 
 perpetrates. 
 
 perpetual (-pet'u-al), adj. never 
 ceasing; not temporary. 
 
 perpetually (-li), adv. continually. 
 
 perpetuate ('u-at), v.t. to make per- 
 petual ; preserve from extinction or 
 oblivion. 
 
 perpetuation (-a'shun), n. the act 
 of perpetuating. 
 
 perpetuity (-pe-tti'i-ti), n. the state 
 of being perpetual ; endless duration. 
 
 perplex (-pleks'), v.t. to make diffi- 
 cult to be understood; make anx- 
 ious ; puzzle ; embarrass or confuse. 
 
 perplexity ( 'i-ti ) , n. embarrassment ; 
 doubt ; intricacy. 
 
 perquisite ('kwi-zit), n. a gift or al- 
 lowance in addition to regular wages 
 or salary ; that which is gained, as 
 distinct from that which is inherited. 
 
 perron ('on), n. a staircase outside a 
 building leading to the first floor. 
 
 perry ('i), n. the fermented juice of 
 pears. 
 
 persecute ('se-kiit), v.t. to harass or 
 ill-treat, especially for religious opin- 
 ions ; annoy with importunity. 
 
 persecution (-ku'shun), n. the act of 
 persecuting; the state of being per- 
 secuted. 
 
 persecutor (-ter), n. one who perse- 
 cutes. 
 
 perseverance (-ve'rans), n. the act 
 or state of persevering ; continuance 
 in grace. 
 
 persevere (-se-ver'), v.t. to persist 
 in any enterprise or business under- 
 taken ; continue steadfastly. 
 
 Persian ('shan), adj. pertaining to 
 Persia, to its inhabitants, or to its 
 language : n.pl. sculptured draped 
 male figures used as columns. 
 
 persimmon (-sim'un), n. an Ameri- 
 can plum-like fruit; the tree yield- 
 ing it. 
 
 persist (-sisf), v.i. to continue stead- 
 ily in any course commenced ; perse- 
 vere. 
 
 persistence (-sis'tens), n. the state 
 
 per 
 
 or quality of being persistent ; ob- 
 stinacy. Also persistency. 
 
 persistent ( 'tent ) , adj. continuing ; 
 constant ; persevering ; not falling 
 off. 
 
 person ('sn), ^. a human being or in- 
 dividual ; consisting of body and 
 soul ; one's self ; one of the three 
 states of a subject or object of a 
 verb, as speaking, spoken to, or 
 spoken of, 
 
 personage (-aj), n. a man or woman, 
 especially one of distinction. 
 
 personal (-al) , adj. pertaining to men 
 or women ; relating, or peculiar, to a 
 person and his private affairs ; per- 
 taining to the external appearance; 
 done in person ; denoting the per- 
 son ; movable : opposed to real : n. 
 movable property or goods : opposed 
 to lands and tenements (real estate). 
 
 personality (-al'i-ti), n. that which 
 constitutes distinction of person ; 
 application of remarks (usually of- 
 fensive) to some individual. 
 
 personally (-li), adv. in person; par- 
 ticularly ; individually. 
 
 personalty (-al-ti), n. personal es- 
 tate, or all kinds of movable prop- 
 erty. 
 
 personate (-at), v.t. to represent by 
 an assumed character ; counterfeit : 
 assume the character of for fraudu- 
 lent purposes, as in voting. 
 
 personation (-a'shun), n. the coun- 
 terfeiting of the person and charac- 
 ter of another. 
 
 personator (-ter), n. one who as- 
 sumes the character of another. 
 
 person! fication ( -son-i-fi-ka'shun ) , 
 n. the act of personifying. 
 
 personify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 personified, p.pr. personifying], to 
 represent as endowed with personal 
 qualities. 
 
 personnel (per-son-el'), n. the per- 
 sons employed in any public service, 
 especially the army and navy, as dis- 
 tinguished from the materiel, arms, 
 stores, &c. 
 
 perspective (per-spek'tiv), adj. per- 
 taining to, or in accordance^ with, 
 the art of perspective : n. a vista or 
 view ; the art of representing objects 
 on a plane surface as they appear to 
 the eye. 
 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, taen. 
 
per 
 
 pes 
 
 perspectively (-li), adv. according 
 to the rules of perspective. 
 
 perspectograph ('to-graf ) , n. an op- 
 tical instrument for drawing me- 
 chanically the points and outlines of 
 objects. 
 
 perspicacious (-spi-ka'shus), adj. 
 mentally acute ; quick-sighted. 
 
 perspicacity (-kas'i-ti), n. the qual- 
 ity of being perspicacious ; acute- 
 ness of sight or discernment. 
 
 perspicuity (-ku'i-ti), n. freedom 
 from obscurity ; mental clearness ; 
 lucidity. 
 
 perspicuous (-spik'u-us), adj. men- 
 tally clear ; easily understood ; evi- 
 dent; clear. 
 
 perspirable (-spir-a-bl), adj. that 
 may be perspired. 
 
 perspiration (-spi-ra'shun), n. ex- 
 cretion by the pores of the skin ; 
 sweat. 
 
 perspire (-splr'), v.i. to excrete by 
 the pores of the skin ; sweat. 
 
 persuade (-swad'), v.t. to influence 
 by argument, advice, entreaty, &c. ; 
 draw or incline the will of ; exhort, 
 induce; prevail upon. 
 
 persuasibility ( swa-si-bil'i-ti ) , n. 
 the capability of being persuaded. 
 Also persuasibleness. 
 
 persuasion ('zhun), n. the act or art 
 of persuading ; the state of being 
 persuaded. 
 
 persuasive ('siv), adj. having the 
 power to persuade ; influencing the 
 will or passions : n. an incitement. 
 
 persuasively (-li), adv. so as to per- 
 suade. 
 
 persuasiveness (-nes), n. the qual- 
 ity of being persuasive. 
 
 pert (pert), adj. saucy; forward. 
 
 pertain (per-tan'), v.i. to belong, or 
 have relation. 
 
 pertinacious (-ti-na'shus), adj. un- 
 yielding ; obstinate ; resolute ; tena- 
 cious. 
 
 pertinacity (-nas'i-ti), n. the quality 
 of being pertinacious. 
 
 pertinence ('ti-nens), n. suitable- 
 ness : fitness. Also pertinency. 
 
 pertinent ('ti-nent), adj. fitting or 
 appropriate ; relevant. 
 
 perturb (-terb'), v.t. to agitate; dis- 
 turb ; disquiet. 
 
 perturbation (-ter-ba'shun) , n. men- 
 
 tal agitation or disquietude ; an ir- 
 regularity or deviation in the move- 
 ment of a heavenly body in its orbit. 
 
 peruke (per-ook'), n. a wig. 
 
 perusal (pe-roo'zal), n. the act of 
 perusing ;_ study or examination. 
 
 peruse (-rodz'), v.t. to read with care 
 and attention ;_ examine. 
 
 Peruvian (-roov'i-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Peru. 
 
 Peruvian bark (bark), n. cinchona. 
 
 pervade (per-vad'), v.t. to penetrate; 
 extend or be diffused all over ; per- 
 meate. 
 
 pervasion (-va'zhun), n. the act of 
 pervading. 
 
 perverse (-vers'), adj. obstinate; un- 
 tractable ; petulant. 
 
 perversely ('li), adv. in a perverse 
 manner. 
 
 perverseness ('nes), n. the quality 
 or state of being perverse ; disposi- 
 tion to thwart or annoy. Also per- 
 versity. 
 
 perversion (-ver'shun), n. the act of 
 perverting; the state of being per- 
 verted ; a turning from truth or pro- 
 priety ; misapplication. 
 
 perversity, same as perverseness. 
 
 perversive (-ver'siv), adj. tending to 
 pervert. 
 
 pervert (-vert'), v.t. to turn from the 
 true end or proper purpose ; misap- 
 ply : n. (per'vert) one who has been 
 perverted, especially from truth to 
 error. 
 
 pervious ('vi-us), adj. admitting pas- 
 sage ; permeable. 
 
 pesade (pe-zad'), n. the motion of a 
 horse when he raises or lifts up his 
 fore quarters without advancing. 
 
 pesky (pes'ki), adj. troublesome; an- 
 noying. 
 
 peso (pa'so), n. a dollar [Spanish]. 
 
 pessimism (pes'i-mizm), n. the doc- 
 trine that the present state of exist- 
 ence is essentially evil ; the tendency 
 to exaggerate in thought the evils of 
 life : opposed to optimism. 
 
 pessimist (-mist), n. one who holds 
 the doctrine of pessimism ; one who 
 looks on the worst side of everything. 
 
 pessimistic (-mis'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or characterized by, pessi- 
 mism ; gloomy. 
 
 pest (pest), n. a fatal epidemic dis- 
 
 ftte, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pes 
 
 ease ; plague ; anything very mis- 
 chievous, annoying, or injurious. 
 
 pester (pes'ter), v.t. to annoy. 
 
 pestiferous (-tif'er-us), adj. convey- 
 ing pestilence ; physically or morally 
 noxious. 
 
 pestilence ('ti-lens), n. an infectious 
 or, contagious disease. 
 
 pestilent ('ti-lent), adj. noxious to 
 health, morals, or society. 
 
 pestilential (-len'shal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or producing, a pestilence ; 
 pernicious ; destructive. 
 
 pestle (pes'l), n. an instrument for 
 pounding substances in a mortar. 
 
 pet (pet), n. any person or animal 
 that is fondled ; a sudden fit of pee- 
 vishness or slight passion : adj. fa- 
 vorite : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. petted, p.pr. 
 petting], to fondle or indulge. 
 
 petal ('al), n. one of the separate 
 parts of the corolla of a flower ; a 
 flower-leaf. 
 
 petaled ('aid), adj. having petals. 
 Also petalous. 
 
 petard (pe-tiird'), n. a bell-shaped 
 explosive machine used for bursting 
 open gates, &c. 
 
 petersham ('ter-sham), n. a thick 
 shaggy cloth : used for overcoats, &c. 
 
 petiole (pet'i-ol), n. the footstalk of 
 a leaf connecting the blade with the 
 stem. 
 
 petit ('0, adj. small; inconsiderable 
 [ French ] . Feminine petite ( pe-tet' ) . 
 
 petition (pe-tish'un), n. an earnest 
 supplication or prayer ; a formal 
 supplication from an inferior to a 
 superior ; a paper or document con- 
 taining a written request : v.t. to 
 solicit earnestly ; present a petition 
 to. 
 
 petitionary (-a-ri), adj. containing 
 a petition. 
 
 petit jury (pet'i joo-ri), n. a trial 
 jury as distinguished from a grand 
 jury. Also petty jury. 
 
 petit-maitre (pet'i-ma'tr), n. a fop 
 who affects women's society. 
 
 petrel ('rel), n. a web-footed, strong- 
 winged, oceanic bird, that appears in 
 its flight to walk upon the water. 
 
 petrescence (-tres'ens), n. the act of 
 becoming converted into stone. 
 
 petrifaction (-ri-fak'shun), n. the 
 
 pha 
 
 process of changing animal or vege- 
 table substance into stone ; a fossil. 
 
 petrif active ( 'tiv ) , adj. having pow- 
 er to petrify. 
 
 petrify ('ri-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pet- 
 rified, p.pr. petrifying], to change 
 into stone ; fix in silent amazement 
 or fear ; render callous, obdurate, or 
 hard : v.i. to become stone or of a 
 stony hardness. 
 
 petroleum (-tro'le-um), n. an inflam- 
 mable dark yellowish-brown bitu- 
 minous liquid issuing from certain 
 rocks ; mineral oil. 
 
 petrology (pe-trol'o-ji), n. the sci- 
 entific study of rocks, and their 
 mineral and chemical composition. 
 
 petticoat ('i-kot), n. a woman's loose 
 underskirt. 
 
 pettifogger ('i-fog-er), n. a lawyer 
 who practices in petty cases. 
 
 pettily ('i-li), adv. in a petty manner. 
 
 pettiness ( 'i-nes, ) n. smallness ; un- 
 importance. 
 
 pettish ('ish), adj. fretful; petulant. 
 
 petty ('i), adj. trifling; small; incon- 
 siderable ; unimportant ; contempti- 
 ble. 
 
 petty jury, same as petit jury. 
 
 petulance ('u-lans), n. peevishness; 
 caprice. Also petulancy. 
 
 petulant ('u-lant), adj. peevish; ca- 
 pricious. 
 
 Petunia (pe-tu'ni-a), n. a South 
 American genus of ornamental plants 
 with handsome flowers. 
 
 petunia, n. a plant of the genus Pe- 
 tunia, or its flower. 
 
 pew (pu), n. an inclosed seat in a 
 church : v.t. to furnish with pews. 
 
 pewit (pe'wit), n. the lapwing. Also 
 peewit. 
 
 pewter (pu'ter), ri. an alloy of tin, 
 lead, antimony, &c. : adj. made of 
 pewter. 
 
 pfennig (fen'ig), n. a small copper 
 coin of Germany = % cent. 
 
 phaeton (fa'e-ton), 11. an open four- 
 wheeled carriage. 
 
 phalanges, pi. of phalanx. 
 
 phalanx (fa'langks), n. [pi. pha- 
 langes (-lan'jez)], among the an- 
 cient Greeks, a square battalion of 
 heavy-armed infantry drawn up in 
 close rank : hence any close compact 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book: hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pha 
 
 body : pi. the small bones of the fin- 
 gers and toes. 
 
 phantasm (fan'tazm), n. a vision or 
 specter. 
 
 phantasmagoria ( -taz-ma-go'ri-a ) , 
 n. a magic lantern. 
 
 phantom ( 'torn ) , n. an apparition ; 
 spirit ; fancied vision. 
 
 Pharisaic (far-i-sa'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or characteristic of, the 
 Pharisees ; formally religious ; hypo- 
 critical. Also Pharisaical. 
 
 Pharisaism ('i-sa-izm), n. the doc- 
 trines and practices of the Pharisees. 
 
 Pharisee ('i-se), n. one of a religious 
 sect among the Jews characterized 
 by their strict observance of the let- 
 ter of the law, and rites and cere- 
 monies ; one who observes the letter 
 rather than the spirit of the law ; a 
 mere formalist. 
 
 pharmaceutic (far-ma-su'tik), adj. 
 pertaining to pharmaceutics. Also 
 pharmaceutical : n.pl. pharmacy. 
 
 phar ma ceuist ('tist), n. one who 
 prepares medicines. Also pharma- 
 cist. 
 
 pharmacology (-ma-kol'o-ji), n. a 
 treatise on pharmacy. 
 
 pharmacopoeia (-ko-pe'ya), n. an 
 official publication containing the 
 list of drugs of the Materia Medica, 
 and directions for the preparation of 
 medicines, &c. 
 
 pharmacy ('ma-si), n. the art of pre- 
 paring and compounding medicines ; 
 a drug-store. 
 
 pharos (fa'ros), n. a lighthouse. 
 
 pharyngeal ( f a-rin'je-al ) , adj. per- 
 taining to the pharynx. 
 
 pharynx (far'ingks), n. the muscu- 
 lar or membranous sac at the upper 
 part of the esophagus. 
 
 phase (faz), n. [pi. phases (fa'sez)], 
 the illuminated surface shown by a 
 planet, or the moon ; aspect ; appear- 
 ance ; transparent green quartz. 
 Also phasis. 
 
 pheasant (fez'ant), n. a gallinaceous 
 bird with brilliant plumage, and pre- 
 served for sport. 
 
 pheasantry (-ri), n. a place where 
 pheasants are bred and preserved. 
 
 phenix (fe'niks), n. a fabulous bird, 
 said to live 500 years in the Arabian 
 desert, and to rise rejuvenescent 
 
 phi 
 
 from its ashes after immolating it- 
 self on a funeral pyre : hence the 
 emblem of immortality. Also phoe- 
 nix. 
 
 phenol (fe'nol), n. carbolic acid. 
 
 phenomenal (-nom'en-al), adj. per- 
 taining to, or consisting of, phenom- 
 ena. 
 
 phenomenalism (-izm),w. the meta- 
 physical doctrine that visible things 
 are really phenomena. 
 
 phenomenist ('e-nist), n. a believer 
 in phenomenalism. 
 
 phenomenon ('e-non), n. [pi. phe- 
 nomena ( 'e-na ) ] , an appearance, es- 
 pecially one of unusual occurrence ; 
 something as it is perceived by ex- 
 periment or observation. 
 
 phenyl (fe'nil), n. the hydro-carbon 
 radical of phenol. 
 
 phial (fi'al), n. a small glass bottle 
 or vessel : v.t. to put or keep in a 
 phial. Also vial. 
 
 philanthropic (fil-an-throp'ik), adj. 
 loving mankind ; benevolent. Also 
 philanthropical. 
 
 philanthropically (-al-li k ), adv. be- 
 nevolently. 
 
 philanthropist ('an-thro-pist), n. 
 one who loves and seeks to benefit 
 mankind. 
 
 philanthropy (-pi), n. love of man- 
 kind ; benevolence. 
 
 philatelist (fi-lat'e-list). n. a collec- 
 tor of postage stamps : adj. pertain- 
 ing to philately. 
 
 philately ('e-li), n. the systematic 
 collection of postage stamps. 
 
 philharmonic ( -har-mon'ik ) , adj. 
 loving harmony ; noting a musical 
 society. 
 
 philippic (fi-lip'ik), n. a speech of 
 vehement invective : from one of the 
 three orations of Demosthenes 
 against Philip of Macedon. 
 
 Philistine (fil'is-tin or -is'tin), n. an 
 ancient inhabitant of the southwest- 
 ern coast of Palestine ; in Germany, 
 a non-academical person ; an uncul- 
 tured person or one of narrow views : 
 adj. pertaining to, or characteristic 
 of, the Philistines ; uncultured ; nar^ 
 row-minded ; prosaic. 
 
 Philistinism (-izm), n. the manners; 
 or modes of thought of a modern 
 Philistine. . 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
phi 
 
 philological (-o-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to philology. 
 
 philologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one skilled 
 in philology. Also philologer. 
 
 philology (-ol'o-ji), n. the scientific 
 study of languages and their struc- 
 ture and mutual relation. 
 
 philomel ( 'o-mel ) , n. the nightingale. 
 
 philoprogenitiveness (-o-pro-jen'i- 
 tiv-nes), n. the instinctive love of 
 offspring. 
 
 philosopher (-os'o-fer), n. a student 
 of philosophy ; one noted for calm 
 judgment and practical wisdom. 
 
 philosophic (-o-sof'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or in accordance with, phi- 
 losophy ; rational ; wise ; calm. Also 
 philosophical. 
 
 philosophically (-al-li), adv. in a 
 philosophic manner. 
 
 philosophize (-os'6-fiz), v.i. to rea- 
 son like a philosopher. 
 
 philosophy ('6-fi), n. the knowledge 
 of the causes of all phenomena both 
 of mind and matter ; a particular 
 philosophic system ; calmness of 
 temper. 
 
 philter, philtre ('ter), n. a love 
 charm or potion. 
 
 phiz, abbreviation of physiognomy. 
 
 phlebotomy (fle-bot'o-mi), n. the 
 act or practice of opening a vein to 
 let blood. 
 
 phlegm (flem), n. mucus secreted in 
 the air passages of the throat ; cold- 
 ness ; sluggishness. 
 
 phlegmatic (fleg-mat'ik), adj. 
 abounding in phlegm ; sluggish ; dull. 
 Phlegmatical. 
 
 phlegmatically (-al-li), adv. in a 
 phlegmatic manner. 
 
 Phlox (floks), n. a genus of North 
 American bright-colored flowering 
 plants. 
 
 phlox, n. any plant of the genus 
 Phlox. 
 
 Phoebus (fe'bus), n. Apollo; the sun. 
 
 Phoenician (fe-nish'an), adj. per- 
 taining to ancient Phoenicia, or to 
 its inhabitants. 
 
 phoenix, same as phenix. 
 
 phonetic (fo-net'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to the voice or sounds ; representing 
 the simple elementary sounds. Also 
 phonetical : n.pl. the. science of 
 
 pho 
 
 sounds, especially of the human 
 voice. 
 
 phonetically (-al-li) , adv. by sounds. 
 
 phonics (fon'iks), n.pl. the science of 
 sounds ; acoustics. 
 
 phonogram (fo'no-gram), n. articu- 
 late sound as recorded by the phono- 
 graph ; a written character repre- 
 senting a particular sound. 
 
 phonograph ('no-graf), n. sl letter 
 or character indicating a distinct 
 spoken sound ; an instrument to re- 
 cord or reproduce articulate speech 
 or sounds. 
 
 phonographic ('ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or representing, articulate 
 sounds, or to phonography. 
 
 phonography (-nog'ra-fi), n. a de- 
 scription of sounds uttered by the 
 human voice ; a system of shorthand, 
 by which every sound is represented 
 by a separate character or mark. 
 
 phonology (-nol'o-ji), n. the science 
 of articulate sounds. 
 
 phonoscope ('no-skop), n. an instru- 
 ment which by means of electricity 
 translates vibrations of sounds into 
 visible figures. 
 
 phonotype ('no-tip), n. a phonetic 
 type. 
 
 phonotypy ('no-ti-pi), n. a method 
 of printing each vocal sound by a 
 distinct type. 
 
 phormium (for'mi-um), n. New Zea- 
 land flax. 
 
 phosphate (fos'fat), n. a salt of 
 phosphoric acid. 
 
 phosphide, same as phosphuret. 
 
 phosphite ('fit), n. a salt of phos- 
 phorous acid. 
 
 phosphorate ('fo-rat), v.t. to com- 
 bine with phosphorus. 
 
 phosphoresce (-fo-res'), v.i. to emit 
 light like phosphorus. 
 
 phosphorescence ( 'ens) , n. emission 
 of light under certain conditions by 
 substances at common temperatures ; 
 faint light. 
 
 phosphorescent Cent), adj. lumi- 
 nous. 
 
 phosphoric (-for'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, like, or obtained from, phos- 
 phorus. Phosphorous. 
 
 phosphorous acid ('for-us as'id), n. 
 an acid formed by the union of 1 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
plio 
 
 pfcy 
 
 atom of phosphorus and 3 atoms of 
 oxygen. 
 
 phosphorus ('for-us), n. a yellowish, 
 wax-like, inflammable, non-metallic 
 element, luminous in the dark.' 
 
 phosphuret ('fu-ret), n. a combina- 
 tion of phosphorus with a metallic 
 base. 
 
 phosphuretted ('ed), adj. combined 
 with phosphorus. 
 
 photo, a prefix meaning light. 
 
 photo (fo'to), n. a photograph. 
 
 photochromy (fo'to-kro-mi), n. the 
 art or process of photographing in 
 colors. 
 
 photogen ('to-jen), n. an inflamma- 
 ble hydro-carbon ; paraffin. 
 
 photoglyphy (-tog'li-fi) , n. a process 
 of engraving by which photographs 
 are etched into metal plates by the 
 action of light and chemicals. 
 
 photograph ('to-graf), n. a photo- 
 graphic picture : v.t. to take a pic- 
 ture of by means of photography. 
 
 photographic (-graf'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, or produced by, photogra- 
 phy. 
 
 photography (-tog'ra-fi), n. the art 
 or process of producing pictures by 
 the action of light on certain sub- 
 stances sensitized by various chem- 
 ical processes. 
 
 photogravure (-to-gra-vur'), n. the 
 process of producing by photography 
 on a sensitized surface an incised 
 engraved metal plate from which im- 
 pressions may be printed : v.t. to 
 produce by such a process. 
 
 photoheliograph (he'li-o-graf), n. 
 a photographic telescope or camera 
 moved by clockwork, for depicting 
 solar spots, transits, &c. 
 
 photophone ('to-fon), n. an instru- 
 ment for communicating sounds by 
 the agency of light. 
 
 photosphere ('to-sfer), n. the lumi- 
 nous envelope of the sun. 
 
 phototherapy (-ther'a-pi), n. the 
 light cure ; treatment of diseases by 
 bringing strong electric or solar 
 light to bear upon the affected parts. 
 
 phototype ('to-tfp), n. & block pro- 
 duced by photography from which 
 engravings, &c, can be printed ; the 
 process itself. 
 
 photozincography ( -zing-kog'ra-fi ) , 
 
 n. a process by which zinc blocks are 
 prepared for printing from. 
 
 phrase (fraz), n. a part of a sen- 
 tence ; brief pithy expression ; idiom ; 
 style or manner : v.t . to style ; ex- 
 press in peculiar words. 
 
 phraseology (-e-ol'o-ji), n. style, 
 manner, or peculiarity, of expres- 
 sion ; a collection of phrases. 
 
 phrenic (fren'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 the diaphragm. 
 
 phrenitis (fre-ni'tis), n. inflamma- 
 tion of the brain. 
 
 phrenological (fren-o-loj'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to phrenology. 
 
 phrenologically (-li), adv. accord- 
 ing to phrenology. 
 
 phrenologist (fre-nol'o-jist), n. one 
 who believes in, or is skilled in, phre- 
 nology. 
 
 phrenology ('o-ji), n. the science of 
 the human mind or brain, as con- 
 nected with the moral, intellectual, 
 and sensual dispositions of the indi- 
 vidual, which are supposed to be in- 
 dicated by the undulations, or 
 "bumps," on the cranium. 
 
 phthisic (tiz'ik), n. asthma; phthisis. 
 
 phthisical (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or caused by, phthisic or phthisis. 
 
 phthisis (thi'sis), n. pulmonary con- 
 sumption. 
 
 phycology (fi-kol'o-ji), n. the study 
 of the algae or seaweeds. 
 
 phylactery ( fi-lak'ter-i ) , n. [pi. phy- 
 lacteries (-iz)], a small square box 
 containing a thin strip of parchment 
 upon which certain texts from the 
 law are inscribed, worn by pious 
 Jews upon the forehead and left 
 wrist. 
 
 phylloxera (-loks-e'ra), n. an insect 
 {Phylloxera vastatrix) which punc- 
 tures the roots and leaves of vines 
 and causes their destruction. 
 
 physeter (fi-se'ter), ». the sperm 
 whale. 
 
 physic (flz'ik), n. the science of med- 
 icine, or the art of healing ; medi- 
 cine; a cathartic: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 physicked, p.pr. physicking], to ad- 
 minister medicine to ; cure. 
 
 physical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to 
 nature, or to material things ; per- 
 ceptible to the senses; pertaining to 
 physics ; medicinal. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
phy 
 
 pic 
 
 physician (fi-zish'an), n. one legally- 
 qualified to prescribe remedies for 
 diseases. 
 
 physicism (fix'i-sizm), n. material- 
 ism. 
 
 physicist ('i-sist), n. a student of 
 natural science. 
 
 physico, a prefix, meaning of, or per- 
 taining to, nature, as physico-theol- 
 ogy, theology illustrated by natural 
 philosophy. 
 
 physics ('iks), n.pl. physical science 
 or natural philosophy. 
 
 physiognomist (-i-og'no-mist), n. 
 one who is skilled in physiognomy. 
 
 physiognomy (-mi), n. the science 
 of discerning the character of the 
 mind from the features of the coun- 
 tenance; the face; outward appear- 
 ance. 
 
 physiological (-i-o-loj'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to physiology. 
 
 physiologist (-i-ol'-o-jist), n. one 
 who is skilled in physiology. 
 
 physiology (-ol'o-ji), n. the science 
 that treats of the vital functions 
 performed by the organs of animals 
 and plants. 
 
 physique (fi-zek'), n. physical organ- 
 ization. 
 
 pi, pie (pi), n. disarranged or jum- 
 bled type : v.t. to jumble or throw 
 into disorder, as printing type. 
 
 piacular (pi-ak'u-lar), adj. expia- 
 tory ; requiring sacrifice ; atrocious. 
 
 pia mater (pi'a ma'ter), n. a deli- 
 cate vascular membrane which in- 
 vests the brain and spinal cord. 
 
 pianist (pi-an'ist), n. a performer on 
 the piano. 
 
 piano (pi-an'o), n. a pianoforte. 
 
 pianoforte (-for-te), n. a stringed 
 musical instrument, the notes of 
 which are produced by hammers 
 acted upon by keys. 
 
 piaster, piastre (pi-as'ter), n. a 
 coin of varying value, current in 
 Turkey, Egypt, Spain, &c. 
 
 piazza (-az'a), n. an open square sur- 
 rounded by buildings or colonnades ; 
 a walk under a roof supported by 
 pillars. 
 
 pibcorn (pib'korn), n. a Welsh mu- 
 sical pipe. 
 
 pibroch (pe'brokh), n. the wild mar- 
 
 tial music of the Scottish bagpipe; 
 a bagpipe. 
 
 pica (pi'ka), n. a size of type, used 
 as a standard of measurement in 
 printing (see type) ; a vitiated ap- 
 petite for unnatural kinds of sub- 
 stances, as coal, sand, chalk, &c. 
 
 picador (pik-a-dor'), n. the horse- 
 man who incites the bull in a Span- 
 ish bull fight by attacking it with a 
 lance. 
 
 picaroon (-roon'), n. a robber, pi- 
 rate, or marauder. 
 
 picayune (-yoon'), n. a small silver 
 coin = 6% cents. 
 
 piccalilli ('a-lil-i), n. a kind of 
 pickle. 
 
 piccaninny ('a-nin-i), n. [pi. picca- 
 ninnies (-iz)], a negro baby or 
 child* 
 
 piccolo ('o-lo), n. a small flute hav- 
 ing its notes an octave higher than 
 the ordinary flute. 
 
 pick (pik), n. a sharp pointed iron 
 tool ; choice or selection : v.t. to 
 strike with a sharp instrument, or 
 with the beak ; pierce ; open by an 
 instrument ; pluck or gather ; sep- 
 arate with the fingers ; choose or 
 select ; clean ; rob : v.i. to eat, or do 
 anything, leisurely and fastidiously ; 
 pilfer. 
 
 pick-a-back ('a-bak), adv. on the 
 shoulders like a pack. 
 
 pickax, pickaxe ('aks), n. an ex- 
 cavating tool, pointed at one end 
 and broad at the other. 
 
 pickerel ('er-el), n. a small pike. 
 
 picket ('et), n. a pointed stake used 
 in fortification ; pale of a fence ; a 
 stake to which a horse is fastened : 
 a military guard to give notice of the 
 approach of an enemy, or to bring 
 in deserters ; one or more appointed 
 by a trades-union to watch a fac- 
 tory, &c, where non-unionist men 
 are employed during a strike : v.t. 
 to place as a picket; fasten to a 
 picket. 
 
 pickle ('1), n. a mixture of brine 
 and water, &c, for preserving food ; 
 vegetables, &c, preserved in pickle ; 
 embarrassment or difficulty ; a mis- 
 chievous or troublesome child : v.t. 
 to preserve in, or as in, pickle. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pic 
 
 picklock ('lok), n. an instrument for 
 picking locks ; a thief. 
 
 picnic ('nik), n. a short excursion 
 into the country, &c, by a pleasure 
 party carrying their own provisions ; 
 a kind of biscuit. 
 
 picric acid ('rik as'id), n. an in- 
 tensely bitter acid formed by the 
 action of nitric acid on indigo ; car- 
 bazotic acid. 
 
 picromel ('ro-mel), n. a greenish- 
 yellow sweet-bitter substance found 
 in bile. 
 
 picrotoxin (-toks'in), n. the poison- 
 ous bitter principle found in the 
 berries of Cocculus indicus. 
 
 pictorial (pik-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or illustrated by, pictures. 
 
 picture ('tfir), n. a painting or draw- 
 ing representing a person or thing ; 
 vivid representation or description. 
 
 picturesque (-esk'), adj. giving vivid 
 impression of nature or reality ; 
 graphic ; wild and beautiful ; roman- 
 tic : n. that which is picturesque. 
 
 pie (pi), n. the magpie; printer's type 
 confusedly mixed ; meat or fruit cov- 
 ered with crust and baked. 
 
 piebald ('bawld), adj. having patches 
 of different colors. 
 
 piece (pes), n. a part of anything; 
 certain quantity ; literary or artistic 
 composition ; separate performance ; 
 coin ; gun ; person ( used contemptu- 
 ously) :*v.t. to enlarge by adding a 
 piece ; patch : v.i. to join ; unite by 
 coalescence of parts. 
 
 piecemeal ('mel), adj. made of pieces 
 or parts; single: adv. in pieces or 
 parts. 
 
 pied (-pld), adj. variegated or spotted. 
 
 pier (per), n. a mass of masonry 
 supporting, an arch, bridge, &c. ; tim- 
 bers of a bridge or other building ; 
 mole or jetty ; wharf ; a landing 
 place projecting into the sea. 
 
 pierce (pers), v.t. to penetrate, espe- 
 cially with a pointed instrument ; 
 affect deeply ; explore ; dive into : 
 v.i. to enter. 
 
 pierceable ('a-bl), adj. that may be 
 pierced. 
 
 piercing ('ing), adj. penetrating; 
 keen. 
 
 pier glass (per glas), n. an orna- 
 
 Pil 
 
 mental mirror, especially one be- 
 tween windows. 
 
 piety (pi'e-ti), n. the quality of be- 
 ing pious ; reverence for, and duty 
 towards, God ; reverence to parents. 
 
 pig (pig), n. the young of swine; a 
 swine ; pork ; an oblong mass of un- 
 forged metal : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. pigged, 
 p.pr. pigging], to bring forth pigs; 
 be huddled together. 
 
 pigeon (pij'un), n. a bird of the ge- 
 nus Columba ; a simpleton ; one who 
 is easily imposed upon or swindled. 
 
 pigeon-breasted (-bres'ted), adj. 
 narrow-breasted like a pigeon. 
 
 pigeon English (ing'glish), n. a jar- 
 gon of English used in commercial 
 dealings with the Chinese. Also 
 pidgin English. 
 
 pigeongram (pij'un-gram), n. a 
 message entrusted to a carrier- 
 pigeon. 
 
 pigeon-bole (-hoi), n. a compart- 
 ment for papers, &c. 
 
 pigeon-toed (-tod), adj. having the 
 toes turned inwards. 
 
 piggin ('in), n. a small drinking ves- 
 sel. 
 
 pigbeaded ('hed-ed), adj. stupidly 
 obstinate. 
 
 pigmean (-me'an), adj. dwarfish. 
 
 pigment ('ment), n. paint; coloring 
 matter. 
 
 pigmy, same as pygmy. 
 
 pignons (pin'yunz), n.pl. the edible 
 seeds of various pine cones. 
 
 pig-nut (pig'nut), n. the sweetish- 
 bitter nut of a species of hickory ; 
 the ground chestnut. 
 
 pigsty C'sti), n. a pen for pigs. 
 
 pigtail ('tal), n. the tail of a pig; 
 hair twisted into the form of a long 
 queue and hanging down the back 
 of the head ; tobacco in long twists. 
 
 pigwidgeon (-wij'un), n. a fairy; 
 anything very diminutive. 
 
 pike (plk), n. a weapon with a shaft 
 and spearhead ; a voracious fresh- 
 water fish with a narrow, elongated, 
 pointed head. 
 
 pilaster (pi-las'ter), n. a square col- 
 umn or pillar, inserted partly in a 
 wall. 
 
 pilchard (pil'chard), n. a marine 
 edible fish, resembling the herring, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
Pil _ 
 
 found chiefly on the coasts of Devon 
 and Cornwall. 
 
 pile (pil), n. a large beam driven 
 into the ground to make a firm 
 foundation ; mass or heap ; accumu- 
 lation ; large building ; a series of 
 plates arranged to produce an elec- 
 tric current ; nap of cloth ; a for- 
 tune : pi. hemorrhoids : v.t. to heap 
 up ; collect in a mass ; accumulate ; 
 lay on ; drive piles into. 
 
 pilfer (pil'fer), v.t. to steal in small 
 quantities. 
 
 pilgarlick (-gar'lik), n. one who has 
 lost his hair by disease ; a wretched 
 sneaking fellow. 
 
 pilgrim ('grim), n. a traveler; one 
 who travels from a distance to visit 
 some sacred place or shrine. 
 
 pilgrimage ( -aj ) , n. a journey, espe- 
 cially to some sacred place. 
 
 pill (pil), n. a small ball of some 
 medicinal substance to be swallowed 
 entire ; something disagreeable that 
 must be accepted : v.t. to reject by 
 black balls in a club ballot. 
 
 pillage ('aj), it. the act of plunder- 
 ing ; spoil : v.t. to plunder or spoil ; 
 lay waste. 
 
 pillar ('ar), n. a column to support a 
 structure ; monument ; something 
 resembling a pillar, or affording sup- 
 port. 
 
 pillion ('yun), n. a cushion for a 
 woman to ride on horseback behind 
 a horseman ; a soft low saddle. 
 
 pillory ( 'or-i ) , n. [pi. pillories (-iz)], 
 a wooden frame supported by an up- 
 right post, having holes through 
 which the head and hands of a per- 
 son exposed to disgrace were passed 
 and secured: v.t. to place in a pil- 
 lory; expose to public disgrace or 
 abuse. 
 
 pillow ('o), n. a case filled with 
 feathers, &c, to support the head of 
 a person reposing ; the block on 
 which the inner end of a bowsprit 
 is supported: adj. noting a kind of 
 lace : v.t. to place on a pillow. 
 
 pilose (pi'los), adj. hairy. Also pi- 
 lous. • 
 
 pilot Clot), n. one who conducts a 
 vessel in or out of a harbor or where 
 navigation is difficult or dangerous ; 
 
 pin 
 
 a guide : v.t. to guide or direct as a 
 pilot. 
 
 pilotage (-aj), w. the act of piloting; 
 skill of a pilot ; pilot's dues. 
 
 pilot-cloth (-kloth), ». a stout thick 
 cloth. 
 
 pilot-engine (-en'jin), n. sl locomo- 
 tive sent on in front to clear the 
 line. 
 
 pimento (pi-men'to), n. allspice. 
 
 pimp (pimp), n. a procurer: v.i. to 
 procure immoral women for others. 
 
 pimpernel (pim'per-nel), n. a name 
 for various plants of the genus Ana- 
 gallis. 
 
 pimple Cpl), n. a small pustule. 
 
 pimpled ('pld), adj. having, or full 
 of, pimples. Also pimply. 
 
 pin (pin), n. a short piece of wire 
 sharpened at one end and having a 
 head at the other, used for fasten- 
 ing articles together ; anything 
 driven to hold parts together ; bolt 
 or peg ; linchpin ; cylindrical wood- 
 en roller; anything of small value: 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pinned, p.pr. pin- 
 ning], to fasten with, or as with, a 
 pin ; inclose. 
 
 pifia- cloth (pe'nya-kloth), n. a fine 
 cloth made in Manila from the fibers 
 of the pineapple leaf. 
 
 pinafore (pin'a-for), n. a loose apron 
 or covering to protect children's 
 dresses. 
 
 pinaster (pi-nas'ter), n. the cluster- 
 pine of southern Europe.* 
 
 pincers, same as pinchers. 
 
 pinch (pinch), v.t. to squeeze or nip; 
 oppress or distress : v.i. to bear 
 hard ; be straitened ; be mean or 
 niggardly : n. a squeeze or nip, as 
 with the fingers and thumb ; dis- 
 tress, or difficulty. 
 
 pinchbeck ('bek), n. a yellow alloy 
 of 5 parts of copper and 1 of zinc : 
 adj. noting jewelry of inferior make. 
 
 pinchers (pinch'erz), n. an instru- 
 ment for drawing out nails, &c. ; 
 nippers. Also pincers. 
 
 pine (pin), n. a cone-bearing tree of 
 the genus Pinus ; timber of the 
 pine : v.i. to waste away from dis- 
 tress, anxiety, &c. 
 
 pineal (pin'e-al), adj. shaped like a 
 pine-cone. 
 
 
 £:te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pin 
 
 pineapple (pin'ap-1), n. a tropical 
 plant and its cone-shaped fruit. 
 
 pin-footed (pin'foot-ed), adj. hav- 
 ing the toes or feet bordered by a 
 membrane. 
 
 pinion ('yun), n. the last joint of a 
 bird's wing ; a wing ; the smaller of 
 two geared wheels : v.t. to bind or 
 secure, as by binding the arms ; 
 confine or fetter. 
 
 pink (pingk), n. a shade of light-red 
 color; a flower with sharp-pointed 
 leaves of the genus Dianthus ; a 
 narrow-sterned vessel ; anything of 
 supreme excellence : adj. of the color 
 of a pink : v.t. to stab ; pierce or 
 punch with small round holes or 
 small scallops ; work in eyelet holes. 
 
 pinking ('ing), n. a method of orna- 
 menting dress materials or leather 
 by scalloping the edges. 
 
 pin-money (pin-mun'i), n. money 
 allowed to a wife by her husband 
 for her private expenses : originally 
 for buying pins. 
 
 pinnace (pin'as), n. a small light 
 schooner-rigged vessel with oars ; an 
 eight-oared man-of-war's boat. 
 
 pinnacle ('a-kl), n. a small polyg- 
 onal turret or elevation above the 
 rest of the building; a high point 
 like a spire : v.t. furnish with pin- 
 nacles. 
 
 pinnate ('at), adj. shaped like a 
 feather ; divided into leaflets. Also 
 pinnated. 
 
 pint (pint), n. l-8th of a gallon. 
 
 pintail (pin'tal), n. a duck with a 
 pointed tail. 
 
 pintle ( 'tl ) , n. a bolt ; the hook which 
 attaches the rudder to the stern of 
 a vessel. 
 
 pioneer (pi-o-ner'), n. a soldier or 
 person whose business it is to clear 
 and repair roads, &c, before an 
 army, sink mines, and throw up for- 
 tifications ; one who goes before to 
 prepare the way for another : v.i. 
 act as a pioneer. 
 
 pious ('us), adj. dutiful to God, or to 
 parents ; religious ; devout ; proceed- 
 ing from, or actuated by, religious 
 feeling. 
 
 pip (pip) , n. the seed of certain fruit ; 
 a disease in fowls ; a spot on a play- 
 ing card : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. pipped, 
 
 pis 
 
 p.pr. pipping], to cry like a chicken 
 or small bird. 
 
 pipe (pip), n. any long hollow tube; 
 a tube of clay, wood, &c, with a 
 bowl at one end for smoking tobac- 
 co ; a wine measure = 2 hogsheads, 
 or 105 imperial gallons, or 126 wine- 
 gallons : v.t. to play on, or call by, 
 a pipe: v.i. to whistle ; emit a shrill 
 sound. 
 
 piperine (pi'per-in), n. the active 
 principle of black pepper. 
 
 piping ('ing), adj. feeble; weak; 
 shrill ; playing upon a pipe ; hot like 
 boiling water : n. corded trimming 
 for dresses. 
 
 pipkin (pip'kin), n. an earthen pot 
 glazed on the inside. 
 
 pippin ('in) L n. a variety of apple. 
 
 piquancy (pe'kan-si), n. the state or 
 quality of being piquant. 
 
 piquant ('kant), adj. pungent; se- 
 vere. 
 
 pique (pek), n. slight anger or re- 
 sentment ; wounded pride ; punc- 
 tilio : v.t. to wound the pride of; 
 irritate ; displease ; pride or value 
 (one's self). 
 
 pique (pe-ka'), n. a French cotton 
 material, usually with some geomet- 
 rical pattern. 
 
 piquet (pe-ket'), n. a card game. 
 
 piracy (pl'ra-si), n. the act or crime 
 of a pirate ; infringement of copy- 
 right. 
 
 pirate ('rat), n. a robber on the high 
 seas ; one who infringes the law of 
 literary or artistic copyright : v.t. 
 to take without permission or com- 
 pensation : v.i. to practice piracy. 
 
 pirogue (pi-rog'), n. a canoe consist- 
 ing of the hollowed trunk of a single 
 tree ; a North American narrow 
 ferry-boat. 
 
 pirouette (pir-oo-ef), n. a whirling 
 or turning about on one toe ; turn- 
 ing of a horse on the same ground : 
 v.i. to execute a pirouette. 
 
 piscary (pis'ka-ri), n. right or liber- 
 ty of fishing. 
 
 piscatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to fishing. Also piscatory. 
 
 piscicultural (-i-kul'tu-ral), adj. 
 pertaining to pisciculture. 
 
 pisciculture ('i-kul-tur), n. the arti- 
 ficial breeding and rearing of fishes. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
pis 
 
 pish (pish), inter j. a contemptuous 
 exclamation: v.i. to express con- 
 tempt. 
 
 pismire (pis'mir), n. an ant. 
 
 pistil ('til), n. the seed-bearing or- 
 gan in the center of a flower. 
 
 pistillate (-at), adj. having a pistil. 
 
 pistol ('tol), n. a small hand-gun; 
 v.t. to shoot with a pistol. 
 
 pistele (-tol'), n. a Spanish gold coin 
 of varying value : usually about 
 $3.60. 
 
 piston ('tun), n. a small solid cylin- 
 der of metal or wood, fitting exactly 
 and moving up and down the barrel 
 of a pump, or the cylinder of a 
 steam-engine. 
 
 piston-rod (-rod), n. the rod moving 
 the piston and connecting it with 
 the external machinery. 
 
 pit (pit), n. a deep hole in the earth ; 
 an abyss ; shaft of a mine ; a hole 
 used for trapping wild animals ; 
 area for cock-fighting ; ground floor 
 of a theater ; a hollow part of the 
 body, as the stomach ; indentation 
 left by small-pox; Hades (with 
 the) : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pitted, p.pr. 
 pitting], to mark with small hollows 
 or depressions ; set in competition ; 
 place in a pit. 
 
 pitacal ('a-kal), n. a substance ob- 
 tained from wood-tar. 
 
 pit-a-pat (-a-paf), adv. with quick 
 beating : n. a palpitation ; a light 
 quick step. 
 
 pitch (pich), n. the solid black res- 
 inous substance obtained from boiled 
 tar ; a casting forward or down ; 
 degree or rate ; slope ; the degree of 
 acuteness or graveness of a musical 
 note ; distance between the center of 
 two gearing teeth ; at cricket, the 
 distance between the wickets : v.t. 
 to smear with pitch ; throw ; cast 
 headlong ; set to a key-note ; order 
 regularly ; fix in, or on, the ground : 
 v.i. to settle ; fall headlong ; en- 
 camp ; rise and fall ; fix the choice 
 (with upon). 
 
 pitchblende ('blend), n. a black ox- 
 ide of uranium : used in coloring 
 glass a pale sea-green ; it is the chief 
 source of radium. 
 
 pitched battle ('t bat'l), n. a bat- 
 
 piv 
 
 tie in which the opposing forces 
 have taken up a regular position. 
 
 pitcher ('er), n. one who pitches; 
 an earthen vessel for holding water ; 
 an instrument for ' piercing the 
 ground. 
 
 pitcher-plant (-plant), n. an East- 
 ern plant, the vase-like leaves of 
 which, furnished with lids, hold 
 water. 
 
 pitchfork ('fork), n. a pronged fork 
 for pitching hay, straw, &c. : v.t. to 
 lift or throw with, or as with, a 
 pitchfork. 
 
 pitchiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being pitchy. 
 
 pitch-wheel (-hwel), n. a toothed 
 wheel that works in another. 
 
 pitchy ('i), adj. like, or smeared with, 
 pitch. 
 
 piteous (pit'e-us), adj. exciting pity; 
 sorrowful ; sad. 
 
 pitfall ('fawl), n. a pit lightly cov- 
 ered so that wild beasts may fall 
 into it ; a trap. 
 
 pith (pith), n. the soft spongy sub« 
 stance in the center of plants ; mar- 
 row ; quintesscence ; energy or force. 
 
 pithily (pith'i-li), adv. in a pithy 
 manner. 
 
 pithiness ('i-nes), n. concentrated 
 force. 
 
 pithy ('i), adj. of the nature of or 
 full of pith ; forcible. 
 
 pitiable (pit'i-a-bl), adj. deserving 
 pity. 
 
 pitiably ('i-a-bli), adv. in a pitiable 
 manner. 
 
 pitiful ('i-fool), adj. moving com- 
 passion ; insignificant. 
 
 pitifully (-li), adv. in a pitiful man- 
 ner. 
 
 pitiless ('i-les), adj. without pity or 
 compassion ; merciless. 
 
 pitsaw ('saw), n. a two-handled saw. 
 
 pittance ('ans), n. a small allow- 
 ance, especially of money. 
 
 pitted ('ed), p. adj. marked with in- 
 dentations or small hollows. 
 
 pity ('i), n. sympathy with distress; 
 compassion ; a subject of pity or 
 grief: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pitied, p.pr. 
 pitying] , to sympathize with : v.i. 
 to be compassionate, or affected 
 with pity. 
 
 pivot (piv'ot), n. the short shaft on 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
pif 
 
 which anything turns; the soldier 
 who is stationary at the flank while 
 the company drilling wheels round: 
 v.t. to place on a pivot. 
 
 pix, another form of pyx. 
 
 pixy (piks'i), n. \_ph pixies ('iz)], 
 a fairy. Also pixie. 
 
 placability ( pla-ka-bil'i-ti ) , n. the 
 quality of being placable. Also 
 placableness. 
 
 placable ('ka-bl), adj. that may be 
 appeased or pacified; forgiving. 
 
 placard (plak'ard), n. a bill placed 
 on a wall, &c, as an advertisement : 
 v.t. (pla-kard'), to advertise by a 
 placard. 
 
 place (plas), n. a special spot or 
 locality; broadway or square; sit- 
 uation ; site ; residence ; office ; city 
 or town ; room ; existence ; duty ; 
 passage in writing or a book ; for- 
 tified post ; precedence : v.t. to put 
 in any place, office, &c. ; ascribe ; 
 settle ; establish ; invest ; put out at 
 interest. 
 
 placeman ('man), n. a government 
 official. 
 
 placenta (pla-sen'ta), n. the vascu- 
 lar organ that connects the fetus 
 in the womb with the mother, the 
 after-birth ; that part of the carpel 
 of a plant to which the ovules or 
 seeds are attached. 
 
 placental ('tal), adj. pertaining to, 
 or having, a placenta : n. a mam- 
 mal with a placenta. 
 
 placer (plas'er), n. a mineral deposit 
 which is not a vein. 
 
 placid (plas'id), adj. calm ; peaceful ; 
 mild. 
 
 placidity ('i-ti), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being placid. 
 
 placket (plak'et), n. a petticoat; a 
 slit in a skirt or petticoat ; a wom- 
 an's pocket. 
 
 plagiarism (pla'ji-a-rism), n. the 
 act of plagiarizing. 
 
 plagiarist (-rist), n. one who steals 
 from the writings of another and 
 passes them off as his own produc- 
 tion ; literary theft. Also plagiary. 
 
 plagiarize (-iz), v.t. to steal from 
 the writings of another. 
 
 plague (plag), n. a malignant epi- 
 demic ; anything very troublesome or 
 
 pla 
 
 annoying: v.t. to infest with dis- 
 ease ; trouble or annoy greatly. 
 
 plaguily ('i-li), adv. so as to plague. 
 
 plaguy ('i), adj. vexatious. 
 
 plaice (plas), n. an edible flat-fish. 
 
 plaid (plad), n. a checkered woolen 
 cloth, originally worn as a garment 
 by the Highlanders of Scotland. 
 
 plain ( plan ) , adj. level ; flat ; even ; 
 smooth ; clear ; evident ; easily un- 
 derstood ; not luxurious ; devoid of 
 beauty, or ornament ; homely : n. 
 level ground ; any flat expanse. 
 
 plaint (plant), n. lamentation; a 
 mournful song ; the exhibiting of an 
 action in writing by a plaintiff. 
 
 plaintiff (plan'tif), n. one who com- 
 mences a suit in a court of law. 
 
 plaintive ('tiv), adj. expressing 
 grief or sorrow ; sad. 
 
 plaintively (-li), adv. in a plaintive 
 manner. 
 
 plaintiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being plaintive. 
 
 plait (plat), n. a flat fold; braid: v.t. 
 to fold or braid ; interweave. Also 
 pleat. 
 
 plan (plan), n. a drawing on a flat 
 surface, as of a building, &c. ; 
 scheme or project : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 planned, p.pr. planning], to make a 
 plan or sketch of, on a flat surface ; 
 form in design ; outline. 
 
 planchet ('chet), n. a flat piece of 
 metal prepared for coining. 
 
 plancbette (plang-shef), n. a heart- 
 shaped board fitted with wheels and 
 a pencil which traces marks as it 
 moves the hand by some supposed 
 mysterious agency. 
 
 plane (plan), adj. flat; level; even: 
 without elevations or depressions : 
 n. a flat or even surface ; in geom- 
 etry, an even superficies ; a level sur- 
 face parallel to the horizon ; a car- 
 penter's tool for smoothing wood : 
 v.t. to make level ; make smooth 
 with a plane. 
 
 plane-tree ('tre), n. a large tree 
 with broad-spreading leaves. 
 
 planet (plan'et), n. a heavenly body 
 revolving round the sun. 
 
 planetarium (-a'ri-um), n. a ma- 
 chine to exhibit the planets, their 
 motions round the sun, and their 
 relative distances and magnitudes. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pla 
 
 planetary ('et-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to, consisting of, or produced by, 
 planets ; erratic. 
 
 planetoid ('et-oid), n. any one of the 
 small planets revolving in the space 
 between Mars and Venus ; minor 
 planet. 
 
 planish (plan'ish), v.t. to polish or 
 smooth by hammering. 
 
 planisphere ('is-fer), n. a sphere or 
 globe projected on a plane surface. 
 
 plank (plangk), n. a long broad 
 piece of sawn timber thicker than a 
 board ; an item in a political pro- 
 gramme or policy : v.t. to cover with 
 planks; pay (with down). 
 
 planner (plan'er), n. one who plans; 
 a projector. 
 
 piano, a prefix meaning flat, as piano- 
 concave : adj. flat or plane on one 
 side, concave on the other. 
 
 plant (plant), n. any vegetable 
 organism ; sprout or sapling ; the 
 tools, machinery, or fixtures of any 
 trade or business ; a swindle : v.t . 
 to put into the ground for growth, 
 as seed ; fix in the mind ; establish. 
 
 plantain ('tan), n. a tropical broad- 
 leaved tree yielding an edible fruit 
 similar to the banana. 
 
 plantation (-ta'shun), n. sl place 
 planted with trees ; a large culti- 
 vated estate for cotton, sugar, &c. ; 
 a new settlement or colony. 
 
 planter ('er), n. one who plants; the 
 owner of a plantation. 
 
 plantigrade ('i-grad), n. walking on 
 the sole of the foot ; a carnivorous 
 animal, as the bear, of the section 
 plantigrada : 
 
 plantule ('ul), n. an embryo of a 
 plant. 
 
 plaque (plak), n. a metal or terra- 
 cotta plate upon which flowers, fig- 
 ures, &c, are enameled or painted. 
 
 plash (plash), n. a puddle; pond: 
 v.t. to splash or dash with water ; 
 interweave the branches or twigs 
 of : as, to plash a hedge. 
 
 plasm (plazm), n. a mold or matrix. 
 
 plasma (plaz'ma), n. the colorless 
 fluid of the blood in which the red 
 corpuscles float ; protoplasm ; a 
 grass-green variety of chalcedony. 
 
 plaster (ter), n. calcined gypsum 
 used for castings, &c. (plaster of 
 
 pla 
 
 paris) ; a composition of lime, sand, 
 and water, for coating walls ; a me- 
 dicinal application for external use: 
 adj. made of plaster : v.t. to over- 
 lay or cover with, or as with, 
 plaster. 
 
 plastic ('tik), adj. capable of being 
 formed or molded ; giving form. 
 
 plasticity (-tis'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being plastic. 
 
 plat, same as plait. 
 
 plate (plat), n. a thin piece of metal ; 
 a small shallow vessel used at table 
 for eating from ; an engraved piece 
 of metal ; household articles of gold 
 or silver ; a prize given at a race : 
 v.t. to coat with a more valuable 
 metal ; to beat into laminae or thin 
 plates. 
 
 plateau (pla-to'), n. [pi. plateaux 
 (-toz')], elevated broad flat land; 
 table-land ; a large ornamental cen- 
 ter-dish. 
 
 plate-glass (plat'glas), n. a fine 
 kind of glass cast in thick plates : 
 used for mirrors, &c. 
 
 plate-mark, same as hall-mark. 
 
 platen (plat'en), n. the flat part of a 
 printing-press by which the impres- 
 sion is made. 
 
 platform ('form), n. a flat floor of 
 wood, stone, &c, raised above the 
 level of the ground ; the place where 
 guns are mounted on a fortress or 
 battery ; political program or policy, 
 of which each item is called a 
 plank. 
 
 platina, another form of platinum. 
 
 plating (pla'ting), n. the art of over- 
 laying or covering anything with a 
 metallic plate. 
 
 platinize ('i-niz), v.t. to. coat with 
 platinum. 
 
 platinoids ('in-oidz), n.pl. metals 
 found associated with platinum. 
 
 platinous (-us), adj. containing plat- 
 inum. 
 
 platinum (-in-um), n. a greyish- 
 white metal very hard and ductile, 
 the heaviest of the known metals. 
 Also platina. 
 
 platitude ('i-tiid), n. insipidity; 
 dulness; a weak, empty, trite re- 
 mark. 
 
 Platonic (pla-ton'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to Plato, the ancient Greek philoso- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, ffeem 
 
pla 
 
 pher, or to his philosophy, &c, or 
 school ; pure and untainted with car- 
 nal desires. 
 
 platoon (-toon'), n. two files of sol- 
 diers forming a subdivision. 
 
 platter (plat'er), n. a large flat dish. 
 
 platy, a prefix meaning broad or flat, 
 as platypus, the ornithorhyncus, 
 from its flat, duck-like bill. 
 
 platyrhine ( 'i-rin ) , adj. broad-nosed : 
 noting American monkeys, thus 
 characterized. 
 
 plaudit (plaw'dit), n. applause. 
 
 plaudit or y ('di-to-ri), adj. applaud- 
 ing. 
 
 plausibility (-zi-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being plausible ; spe- 
 ciousness. Also plausibleness. 
 
 plausible ( 'zi-bl ) , adj. specious ; 
 superficially pleasing. 
 
 plausibly (-bli), adv. in a plausible 
 manner. 
 
 play (pla), n. any exercise or occupa- 
 tion for amusement ; exertion of 
 powers ; diversion ; pastime ; drama, 
 tragedy, or comedy ; gaming ; scope ; 
 practice ; manner of dealing ; style : 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. played, p.pr. play- 
 ing], to engage in some exercise for 
 amusement ; sport or frolic ; per- 
 form upon, as a musical instrument ; 
 personate a character ; gamble. 
 
 playful (pla'fool), adj. sportive; live- 
 ly. 
 
 playfully (-H), adv. in a playful 
 manner. 
 
 playfulness (-nes), n. playful state 
 or disposition. 
 
 plaza (pla'za), n. an open square or 
 market place. 
 
 plea (pie), n. an excuse or apology; 
 the defendant's answer to the plain- 
 tiff's declaration in a lawsuit; ur- 
 gent entreaty. 
 
 plead (pled), v.i. to argue or rea- 
 son in support of a cause against 
 another ; argue before a court of 
 law; supplicate earnestly : v.i. dis- 
 cuss or defend by arguments; offer 
 as an excuse. 
 
 pleadings ('ingz), n.pl. the written 
 statements of the two parties in a 
 lawsuit. 
 
 pleasant (plez'ant), n. grateful to 
 the mind or senses ; delightful ; 
 agreeable ; cheerful ; facetious. 
 
 pie 
 
 pleasantry (-ri), n. merriment; 
 lively talk ; gaiety ; a laughable trick 
 or joke. 
 
 please (plez), v.t. to gratify; give 
 pleasure to ; gain approbation from : 
 v.i. to afford pleasure or gratifica- 
 tion ; like or choose. 
 
 pleased ('d), p. adj. gratified. 
 
 pleasing ('ing), p. adj. affording 
 pleasure ; agreeable. 
 
 pleasurable ( plezh'u-ra-bl ) , adj. 
 gratifying ; delightful. 
 
 pleasurably (-bli), adv. in a pleas- 
 urable manner. 
 
 pleasure ('ur), n. gratification; 
 agreeable emotions, mental or physi- 
 cal ; transient enjoyment ; sensual 
 gratification. 
 
 pleat, another form of plait. 
 
 plebeian (ple-be'an), adj. pertaining 
 to the Plebs or Roman commonalty ; 
 pertaining to the common people : 
 hence common or vulgar : n. one of 
 the common people. 
 
 plebeianism (-izm), n. vulgarity. 
 
 plebiscite (pleb'i-sit), n. a vote 
 taken of the entire male community 
 by universal suffrage on some special 
 matter submitted ; the decree founded 
 on such a vote. 
 
 pledge (plej), n. anything placed as 
 a security or guarantee ; pawn ; 
 hostage ; a health in drinking : v.t. 
 to give as security or guarantee/ 
 deposit in pawn ; drink to the health 
 of. 
 
 pledget ('et), n. a flat piece of lint 
 placed over a wound. 
 
 Pleiades (pli'a-dez), n.pl. the cluster 
 of 7 stars in the constellation Tau- 
 rus ; from the 7 daughters of Atlas 
 and Pleione, changed after death 
 into stars. 
 
 plenary (ple'na-ri), adj. full; com- 
 plete. 
 
 plenipotentiary ( plen - i - po - ten'shi- 
 a-ri), adj. having full power: n. an 
 ambassador to a foreign court in- 
 vested with full powers. 
 
 plenist (ple'nist), n. one who holds 
 the theory that all space is filled 
 with matter. 
 
 plenitude (plen'i-tiid), n. fulness. 
 
 plenteous ('te-us), adj. abundant; 
 amply sufficient. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 boot; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pie 
 
 plentiful ('ti-fool), adj. yielding 
 abundance ; copious. 
 
 plentifully (-li), adv. abundantly. 
 
 plenty ('ti), n. abundance. 
 
 pleonasm (ple'o-nazm), n. use of 
 more words than necessary in speak- 
 ing or writing. 
 
 pleonastic (-nas'tik), adj. redun- 
 dant. 
 
 pleonastically (-al-li), adv. redun- 
 dantly. 
 
 plet (plet), n. a kind of birch-rod, 
 used in Russian prisons. 
 
 plethora (pleth'o-ra), n. excessive 
 fulness of blood ; overabundance. 
 
 plethoric (ple-thor'ik), adj. having 
 excess of blood. 
 
 pleura (ploo'ra), n. [pi. pleurae 
 ('re)], a delicate serous membrane 
 covering the interior of the thorax 
 and each lung. 
 
 pleural ('ral), adj. pertaining to the 
 pleura. 
 
 pleurisy ('ri-si), n. inflammation of 
 the pleura. 
 
 pleuritic (-rit'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or affected with, pleurisy. Also 
 pleuritical. 
 
 pleuro, a prefix meaning rib or side, 
 as pleurodynia, rheumatism of the 
 
 • chest walls. 
 
 pleuro-pneumonia ( ploo-ro-nu-mo'- 
 ni-a), n. inflammation of the pleura 
 and lungs. 
 
 plevin (plev'in), n. a warrant. 
 
 plexus (plek'sus), n. a network of 
 veins, nerves, &c. 
 
 pliability (pll-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being pliable. Also 
 pliableness. 
 
 pliable ('a-bl), adj. easily bent; flex- 
 ible ; easy to be persuaded. 
 
 pliably ('a-bli), adv. in a pliable 
 manner. 
 
 pliancy ('an-si), n. pliant quality. 
 
 pliant ('ant), adj. flexible; easily 
 bent ; yielding to moral suasion. 
 
 plicate ('kat), adj. plaited; folded 
 in the form of a fan. Also plicated. 
 
 pliers ('erz), n. a kind of small 
 pinchers for seizing and bending, 
 especially small articles. 
 
 plight (plit), n. a dangerous or dis- 
 tressed condition ; predicament ; 
 pledge ; promise : v.t. to pledge, as 
 one's faith. 
 
 pl« 
 
 plinth (plinth), n. the lowest square- 
 shaped part of the base of a column, 
 pedestal, &c. ; the projecting face at 
 the bottom of a wall. 
 
 plod (plod), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. plodded, 
 p.pr. plodding], to travel laborious- 
 ly ; drudge or toil ; study closely. 
 
 plot (plot), n. a complicated scheme, 
 conspiracy, or plan ; intrigue ; chain 
 of incidents in a play, novel, &c, 
 gradually developed : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 plotted, p.pr. plotting], to devise; 
 make a plan of : v.i. to conspire ; 
 form a plan against another. 
 
 plover (pluv'er), n. a wading bird of 
 various species. 
 
 plow, plough (plou), n. an agricul- 
 tural implement for turning up the 
 soil ; a grooving-plane : v.t. to turn 
 up with a plow ; furrow. 
 
 plowshare, ploughshare ('shar), 
 n. the iron part of a plow that cuts 
 the soil. 
 
 pluck (pluk), v.t. to pull off, out, or 
 up ; snatch ; pick or gather ; reject 
 as a candidate in an examination : 
 n. a pull ; the heart, liver and lungs 
 of an animal ; courage. 
 
 pluckily ('i-li), adv. courageously. 
 
 plucky ('i), adj. [comp. pluckier, 
 superl. pluckiest], having courage 
 or pluck. 
 
 plug (plug), n. a piece of wood, &c, 
 used for stopping a hole : v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. plugged, p.pr. plugging], to 
 stop with a plug. 
 
 plum (plum), n. a tree, Prunus do- 
 mestica, or its well-known fruit ; a 
 raisin ; £100,000 : hence a large for- 
 tune. 
 
 plumage (plum'aj), n. a bird's feath- 
 ers. 
 
 plumb (plum), n. a heavy body, usu- 
 ally of lead, suspended at the ex- 
 tremity of a line to indicate the per- 
 pendicularity of work done, as a 
 wall, &c. : adj. perpendicular : adv. 
 perpendicularly: v.t. to adjust by a 
 plumb-line ; make perpendicular ; 
 sound (the depth of water) by a 
 plummet. 
 
 plumbago (-ba'go), n. a mineral of 
 carbon and iron, used for lead pen- 
 cils ; a form of carbon. 
 
 plumber ('er), n. one who is en- 
 gaged in the business of plumbing. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
plu 
 
 plumbing ('ing), n. the art or occu- 
 pation of putting into buildings the 
 pipes, traps, &c, for the conveyance 
 of water, gas, and sewage. 
 
 plumb-line ('lln), n. a line attached 
 to a mass of lead to indicate the per- 
 pendicular ; perpendicular line. 
 
 plume (ploom), n. a feather ; a feath- 
 er worn as an ornament ; crest : v.t. 
 to pick and adjust the feathers of ; 
 adorn with plumes ; boast ; pride 
 (used refiexively). 
 
 plummet (plum'et), n. a leaden 
 weight attached to a string used for 
 sounding depths, &c. 
 
 plump (plump), adj. round and sleek 
 with fulness of flesh ; in good condi- 
 tion ; downright ; unqualified : adv. 
 with a sudden or heavy fall : v.i. to 
 grow plump ; fall or sink down ; to 
 vote for a single candidate when one 
 has the right to vote for two or 
 more : v.t. to make plump ; fatten. 
 
 plumy (ploo'mi), adj. feathered. 
 
 plunder (plun'der), n. booty; pil- 
 lage : v.t. to take by open force ; 
 spoil ; rob. 
 
 plunderage (-aj), n. the embezzle- 
 ment of goods on board ship. 
 
 plunge (plunj), v.t. to put suddenly 
 into water or any other liquid ; im- 
 merse ; baptize by immersion : v.i. to 
 sink, fall, or rush, as into water ; 
 dive ; throw the body forward and 
 the legs up, as a horse ; bet heavily 
 and thoughtlessly : n. the act of 
 plunging ; sudden fall. 
 
 plunger ('er), n. one who plunges; a 
 diver ; the long solid cylinder or pis- 
 ton of a pump ; one who bets heavily 
 and thoughtlessly. 
 
 pluperfect (ploo'per-fekt), adj. not- 
 ing an event or action occurring 
 prior to some other event or action. 
 
 plural ('ra.1), adj. consisting of more 
 than one : n. that form of a word 
 that expresses more than one. 
 
 plurality (ploo-ral'i-ti), n. the ma- 
 jority ; the greatest of three or more 
 numbers ; the excess of votes cast 
 for any one candidate over the can- 
 didate who receives the next largest 
 number of votes at an election where 
 there are three or more candidates 
 for the same office. 
 
 pluralize (-Iz), v.t. to make plural. 
 
 pod 
 
 plus (plus), n. the sign ( + ) used to 
 denote addition : adj. more ( by a 
 certain amount) ; increased (by a 
 specified addition) ; above zero. 
 
 plush (plush), n. a kind of shaggy 
 cloth with a pile ; woolen velvet. 
 
 plutocracy (ploo-tok'ra-si), n. rule 
 or government by the rich. 
 
 plutocrat (ploo'to-krat), n. one who 
 exercises political power or influence 
 by virtue of his wealth. 
 
 Plutonian (-to'ni-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Pluto, the god of the lower 
 world, or to the lower regions of 
 fire ; igneous. Also Plutonic. 
 
 Plutonic rocks (roks), n.pl. igneous 
 rocks. 
 
 pluvial ('vi-al), adj. rainy. 
 
 ply (pli), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. plied, p.pr. 
 plying], to work on closely; prac- 
 tice diligently or earnestly ; urge or 
 solicit : v.i. to run regularly between 
 two ports ; work against the wind. 
 
 pneumatic (nu-mat'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, consisting of, containing, like, 
 or moved by, air. Also pneumatical. 
 
 pneumatically (-al-li), adv. by air. 
 
 pneumatics ('iks), n.pl. the science 
 that treats of the mechanical proper- 
 ties of air and similar elastic fluids. 
 
 pneumatology (-ma-tol'o-ji), n. 
 pneumatics ; the science of mind or 
 spiritual existences or essences and 
 their operation. 
 
 pneumo, a prefix meaning lung. 
 
 pneumonia (-mo'ni-a), n. acute in- 
 flammation of the lungs. 
 
 pneumonic (-mon'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the lungs. 
 
 poach (poch), v.i. to trespass upon 
 preserves to shoot or steal game : 
 v.t. to steal game from ; plunder by 
 stealth; cook (eggs) by breaking 
 them into boiling water. 
 
 poachy ('i), adj. swampy; marshy. 
 
 pochard ('ara), n. the sea-duck. 
 
 pock (pok), n. a pustule on the skin 
 containing eruptive matter. 
 
 pocket ('et), n. a small bag "inserted 
 in a garment for carrying small ar- 
 ticles ; a small netted bag in a bil- 
 liard table for the reception of the 
 balls ; a small quantity. 
 
 pod (pod), n. the pericarp or the cov- 
 ering of the seed of certain plants, 
 as the pea, &c. : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 D - 40 - book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
pod 
 
 pol 
 
 podded, p.pr. podding], to swell or 
 fill, as a pod ; produce pods. 
 
 podge (poj), n. a puddle. 
 
 podgy ('i), adj. short and' fat. 
 
 podium (po'di-um), n. a low wall, 
 usually with a plinth and cornice, in 
 the front of an edifice to support 
 pillars; that part of an amphithea- 
 ter which projects over the arena ; a 
 balcony. 
 
 podocarp (pod'o-karp), n. the stem 
 which supportsthe fruit of a plant. 
 
 podophyllin (-o-fil'in), n. a purga- 
 tive resin obtained from the root of 
 the May-apple. 
 
 poe (po'e), n. a food made from the 
 roots of the taro plant by the natives 
 of Hawaii. 
 
 poe bird (berd), n. the parson bird 
 of New Zealand, with a plumage of 
 a dark metallic hue. 
 
 poem ('em), n. sl metrical or poetical 
 composition ; a poetic conception. 
 
 poesy ('e-si), n. the art of composing 
 poems. 
 
 poet ('et), n. the author of a poem; 
 one gifted in writing poetry ; one 
 who is strongly imaginative. Fem- 
 inine poetess. 
 
 poet laureate (law're-at), ii. a court 
 poet. 
 
 poetic (-et'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 suitable to, or expressed in, poetry ; 
 sublime. Also poetical. 
 
 poetry ('et-ri), n. a metrical compo- 
 sition produced or embellished by 
 creative imagination ; utterance in 
 song ; poems collectively. 
 
 pogrom (po'grom), n. a Russian 
 word signifying riotous devastation, 
 destruction. 
 
 poignancy ('nan-si), n. the state or 
 quality of being poignant. 
 
 poignant ('mint), adj. stimulating to 
 the palate ; irritating ; very painful. 
 
 poinsettia (-set'i-a), n. a Mexican 
 plant with handsome flowers. 
 
 point ^point), n. the sharp end of 
 any instrument ; mark or dot ; indi- 
 visible part ; mark in punctuation ; 
 that which has position but no mag- 
 nitude ; a spot ; exact place ; critical 
 moment ; expression or force ; sting 
 of an epigram ; aim ; act of aiming ; 
 small cape or promontory ; lace 
 wrought with the needle ; railway 
 
 switch ; unit of measurement for 
 type-bodies = .0138 inch, or one- 
 twelfth of a pica : v.t . to sharpen ; 
 give a point to ; direct or aim ; mark 
 with points; fill the joints of (ma- 
 sonry) with mortar and smooth 
 them with a trowel : v.i. to indicate ; 
 show clearly. 
 
 point-blank ('blangk), adj. horizon- 
 tal ; straight forward to the mark ; 
 direct. 
 
 pointed ('ed), p.adj. sharpened; hav- 
 ing a sharp point ; direct ; telling ; 
 personal ; epigrammatic ; Gothic. 
 
 pointer ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, points ; a variety of dog 
 trained to point game. 
 
 pointing ('ing), n. punctuation; the 
 act or operation of filling in the 
 crevices of masonry with mortar. 
 
 poise (poiz), n. weight; balance; 
 equilibrium : v.t. to balance ; weigh ; 
 ascertain or examine : v.i. to be in a 
 state of equilibrium. 
 
 poison (poi'zn), n. anything noxious 
 or destructive to life, health, or mo- 
 rality ; venom : v.t. to infect with, 
 or kill by, poison ; administer poison 
 to ; corrupt. 
 
 poisonous (-us), adj. having the 
 qualities of poison ; deadly ; injuri- 
 ous to health. 
 
 poke (pok), n. a thrust or push; a 
 bag or sack : v.t. to thrust or push 
 against, especially with something 
 pointed ; thrust at with the horns : 
 v.i. to grope or feel about in the 
 dark ; search. 
 
 poker ('er), n. a metal bar for stir- 
 ring fires ; a card game. 
 
 poking ('ing), adj. servile; drudging. 
 
 poky (po'ki), adj. lacking spirit or 
 interest ; slow ; stupid. 
 
 polar ('lar), adj. pertaining to, or sit- 
 uated near, either of the poles, espe- 
 cially the North Pole ; pertaining to 
 the magnetic poles. 
 
 polariscope (-lar'i-skop), n. an in- 
 strument for exhibiting polarized 
 light. 
 
 polarity ('i-ti), n. the property pos- 
 sessed by certain bodies, as in elec- 
 trified or magnetized bodies, by 
 which they arrange themselves in 
 certain directions or tend to given 
 poles. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl-4 me,- merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then.. 
 
pol 
 
 pol 
 
 polarization (-i-za'shun), n. the act 
 of polarizing ; the state of being po- 
 larized. 
 
 polarize (-Iz), v.t. to communicate 
 polarity to. 
 
 pole (pol), n. a long staff; a measure 
 = 5% yards ; a square measure = 
 SO 1 /! yards ; a measuring instru- 
 ment ; one of the extremities of the 
 imaginary axis of the earth ; one of 
 the two points in a magnet in which 
 the attractive or repellent force is 
 concentrated ; that on which any- 
 thing revolves ; the extreme opposite. 
 
 polecat ('kat), n. a small carnivo- 
 rous animal which emits a strong of- 
 fensive odor. 
 
 polemic (po-lem'ik), n. a controver- 
 sialist : pi. the art of controversy ; 
 controversial writings, especially 
 those on religious subjects. 
 
 polemical ('i-kal), adj. controversial. 
 
 polemically- (-li), adv. controver- 
 sially. 
 
 pole-star (pol'star), n. the north 
 star (Polaris) situated in Ursa Mi- 
 nor, within 1Y2 degrees of the true 
 pole ; a guide. 
 
 police (po-les'), n. in a city, town, or 
 district, an organized force of civil 
 officers for preserving order. 
 
 policeman ('man), n. a member of a 
 police force. 
 
 policy (pol'i-si), n. [pi. policies 
 (-siz) ], the art or method of govern- 
 ment ; management of public affairs ; 
 system of regulative measures ; sa- 
 gacity in management ; course of 
 conduct ; prudence ; cunning ; a doc- 
 ument given to insurers containing 
 a contract of insurance ; a warrant 
 for money in the public funds ; a 
 . gambling game. 
 
 polish ('ish), v.t. to make smooth or 
 glossy by friction ; make polite or 
 refined : v.i. to become polished : n. a 
 smooth, glossy surface ; a prepara- 
 tion for imparting a polish ; refine- 
 ment or elegance of manners. 
 
 Polish (po'lish), a dj. pertaining to 
 Poland, its language, or to its in- 
 habitants. 
 
 polite (-lit'), adj. well-bred; refined 
 in manner ; courteous or obliging. 
 
 politeness ('nes), n. good-breeding; 
 courtesy 
 
 politely ('li), adv. in a polite man- 
 ner. 
 politesse (pol-i-tes'), n. over-acted 
 
 politeness. 
 
 politic ('i-tik), adj. shrewd; spe- 
 cious ; sagacious : especially in pol- 
 icy ; adapted to promote the welfare 
 of the state : n.pl. the art of govern- 
 ment or the administration of public 
 affairs ; political opinions ; party 
 management or control. 
 
 political (po-lit'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to politics, or to a nation or 
 state ; derived from government. 
 
 politically (-li), adv. in a political 
 manner. 
 
 political economy (e-kon'o-mi), n. 
 the science that treats of wealth, its 
 nature, production, distribution, and 
 consumption, and the laws which 
 regulate and govern these. 
 
 politician ('i-tish-un), n. one who is 
 skilled in politics ; a statesman. 
 
 politics, see under politic. 
 
 polity ('i-ti), n. the form or constitu- 
 tion of the civil government of a 
 state; constitution. 
 
 polka (pol'ka.), n. a dance of Bohe- 
 mian origin, performed by two per- 
 sons ; music suitable for such a 
 dance- 
 poll (pol), n. the head, especially the 
 back part of it ; a register of per- 
 sons, especially those entitled to vote 
 at elections ; an election ; number of 
 votes recorded at an election ; place 
 where votes are cast : v.t. to lop ; 
 clip or shear ; enroll in a register ; 
 bring to the poll, as a voter ; to cast 
 or deposit in a ballot box ; to poll a 
 jury is to examine each member in- 
 dividually as to his concurrence in 
 the verdict. 
 
 pollack (pol'ak), n. a species of cod- 
 fish. 
 
 pollard ('ard), n. a tree lopped or 
 polled ; a stag that has cast its 
 horns ; a mixture of bran and meal ; 
 the chub-fish. 
 
 pollen ('en), n. the fertilizing pow- 
 der in the cells of the anthers of 
 flowers. 
 
 pollination (-i-na'shun), n. the con- 
 veyance of pollen from the anther to 
 the stigma of a flower. 
 
 pollock, same as pollack. 
 
 ate, arm, -ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pol 
 
 poll-tax (pol'taks), n. a capitation 
 tax. 
 
 pollute (pol-hif), v.t. to defile; ren- 
 der unclean ; corrupt ; violate. 
 
 pollution (-hYshun), n. the act of 
 polluting ; defilement ; legal or cere- 
 monial uncleanness. 
 
 polo (po'lo), n. a game similar to 
 hockey, played on horseback. 
 
 polonaise (po-lo-naz'), n. a dress, 
 body and skirt made in one ; a Po- 
 lish air or dance. 
 
 polonium (po-lo'ni-um), a radio- 
 active element. 
 
 poltophagic (pol'to-pha'gic), a. fine- 
 ly chewed or masticated. 
 
 poltroon (pol-troon'), n. a coward. 
 
 poly, a prefix meaning many, much. 
 
 polyandry (pol-i-an'dri) , n. the prac- 
 tice of a woman having more than 
 one husband at the same time : op- 
 posed to polygamy. 
 
 polyanthus (-an'thus), n. a hand- 
 some flower ; a cultivated variety of 
 the oxlip primrose. 
 
 polychromatic (-kro-mat'ik), adj. 
 exhibiting a play of colors. 
 
 polychrome ('i-krom), adj. having 
 many colors : n. a work executed in 
 many colors. 
 
 polygamist (po-lig'a-mist), n. one 
 who practices or upholds polygamy. 
 
 polygamous ('a-mus), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or practicing, polygamy. 
 
 polygamy ('a-mi), n. the practice of 
 having more than one wife at the 
 same time. 
 
 polyglot (pol'i-glot), adj. contain- 
 ing many languages : n. a book, es- 
 pecially an edition of the Bible, in 
 several languages. 
 
 polygon ('i-gon), n. a figure having 
 many angles. 
 
 polygraph ('i-graf), n. a manifold 
 writer. 
 
 polyhedral (-he'dral), adj. having 
 many sides or faces. Also polyhe- 
 drous, polyhedric. 
 
 polyhedron ('dron), n. sl solid hav- 
 ing many sides or faces ; a polyscope. 
 
 polyp ('ip), n. an extensive group of 
 radiated animals including the hydra, 
 sea-anemone, &c. Also polype, poly- 
 pus. 
 
 polypus ('pus), n. [pi. polypi (-pi)], 
 
 pon 
 
 a fleshy tumor in the nose or uterus ; 
 a polype. 
 
 polyscope ('skop), n. a multiplying 
 lens. 
 
 polystyle ('stil), n. a building with 
 many columns. 
 
 polysyllabic (-sil-ab'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, or consisting of, three or 
 more syllables. Also polysyllabical. 
 
 polysyllable ('a-bl), n. a word con- 
 sisting of three or more syllables. 
 
 polytechnic (-tek'nik), adj. noting, 
 including, or giving instruction in, 
 the arts and sciences : n. a school for 
 imparting instruction in the arts 
 and sciences. 
 
 polytheism ('i-the-izm), n. the doc- 
 trine of a plurality of gods, each 
 taking a part in the government of 
 the world. 
 
 polytheist ('ist), n. a believer i 
 polytheism. 
 
 polytheistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or consisting in, polytheism. 
 
 polytype (-tip), n. a facsimile in 
 metal of an engraving on wood, &c. 
 
 pomade (p6-mad'), n. a perfumed 
 ointment for dressing the hair. Also 
 pomatum. 
 
 pomegranate (pom'gran-at), n. a 
 tree (Punica Oranatum) yielding an 
 orange-like, edible fruit with a thick 
 rind and numerous seeds. 
 
 pommel (pum'el), n. the knob on a 
 sword-hilt ; the high part of a saddle- 
 bow : v.t. to beat with anything 
 thick or bulky; bruise. 
 
 pommeling (-ing), n. a beating. 
 
 pomology (po-moro-ji), n. the sci- 
 ence of cultivating fruit and fruit- 
 trees, especially apples ; a treatise 
 on fruits. 
 
 pomp (pomp), n. ostentatious dis- 
 play ; grandeur ; parade. 
 
 pompon (pom'pon), n. sl tufted orna- 
 ment ; a variety of chrysanthemum. 
 
 pomposity (-pos'i-ti), n. the state of 
 being pompous. Also pompousness. 
 
 pompous (pom'pus), adj. stately; 
 grand ; self-important ; ostentatious. 
 
 poncho (pon'cho), n. a sort of cloak 
 or loose woolen garment worn in 
 Spanish America. 
 
 pond (pond), n. a pool of standing 
 water. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; n5te, nSrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
pon 
 
 ponder (pon-der), v.t. to weigh men- 
 tally : v.i. to deliberate. 
 
 ponderability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state of being ponderable. Also 
 ponderableness. 
 
 ponderable ('der-a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being weighed. 
 
 ponderosity (-os'i-ti), n. weight. 
 
 ponderous ('der-us) , adj. very heavy ; 
 weighty ; important ; dull. 
 
 pone (pon), n. bread made of maize- 
 meal, milk, &c. 
 
 pongee (pon-je'), n. an inferior kind 
 of silk. 
 
 poniard (pon'yard), n. a small dag- 
 ger : v.t. to stab with a poniard. 
 
 pontiff ('tif), n. a high priest; the 
 Pope. 
 
 pontifical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to 
 a pontiff, high priest, or pope ; pa- 
 pal : n. a book containing ecclesiasti- 
 cal rites and ceremonies : pi. the full 
 dress worn by an officiating priest or 
 bishop. 
 
 pontifically (-li), adv. in a pontifi- 
 cal manner. 
 
 pontificate ('i-kat), n. the office or 
 dignity of a high priest or pope ; the 
 reign of a pope. 
 
 pontoon (pon-toon'), n. a buoyant, 
 flat-bottomed structure supporting a 
 floating military bridge ; a bridge of 
 boats ; a lighter. 
 
 pony (po'ni), n. [pi. ponies ('niz)], 
 a small horse ; a very small glass of 
 beer or liquor ; student's key to 
 translation of Latin or Greek les- 
 sons ; often used adjectively to de- 
 note something small of its kind, as 
 a pony engine. 
 
 pool (pool), n. a small body of water ; 
 a variety of play at billiards ; the 
 stakes in certain games or the re- 
 ceptacle for them : v.t. to unite or 
 aggregate together, as in mercantile 
 risks, railway traffic, &c. 
 
 poop (podp), n. the stern of a ship; 
 the raised deck in the stern of a ves- 
 sel : v.t. to strike the stern of ; break 
 heavily over the stern of : said of 
 waves. 
 
 pooped (poopt), p.adj. having a 
 poop ; struck on the poop by a heavy 
 sea. 
 
 pooping (poop'ing), n. a breaking of 
 a heavy sea over the taffrail of the 
 
 pop 
 
 poop ; the action of a vessel running 
 her stern against the stern of an- 
 other. 
 
 poor (poor), adj. necessitous; having 
 little or no means ; destitute of rich- 
 es ; without strength, beauty, or dig- 
 nity ; dejected ; spiritless ; insignifi- 
 cant ; humble ; lean ; without fer- 
 tilty ; an expression of tenderness, 
 compassion, or disdain. 
 
 poorly ('li), adv. without adequate 
 means ; with scant success : adj. 
 somewhat ill ; delicate in health. 
 
 pop (pop), n. a short, smart, quick 
 sound : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. popped, p.pr. 
 popping], to thrust suddenly ; pawn : 
 v.i. to make a short, smart, quick 
 sound ; move quickly ; dart ; come 
 suddenly into view : adv. suddenly. 
 
 pop-corn ('korn), n. any variety of 
 Indian corn or maize having small 
 ears and small, hard grains. The 
 grains "pop" and expand when ex- 
 posed to heat of a fire. 
 
 pope (pop), n. the bishop of Rome 
 and head of the Roman Catholic 
 Church ; a title of priests of the 
 Greek Church ; a variety of perch. 
 
 popedom ('dum), n. the office, dig- 
 nity, or jurisdiction of the Pope. 
 
 popinjay ('in-ja), n. a parrot; fop. 
 
 poplar (pop'lar), n. a tree of rapid 
 growth, with a white soft wood. 
 
 poplin ('lin), n. a fabric of silk and 
 worsted. 
 
 poppet ('et), n. one of the timbers 
 that support a ship in launching; a 
 term of endearment. 
 
 poppy ('i), n. any plant of the genus 
 Papaver, with bright showy flowers ; 
 from one species {Papaver somnif- 
 erum) opium is obtained. 
 
 populace ('ti-las), n. the common 
 people. 
 
 popular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining to, 
 suitable for, or pleasing to, the com- 
 mon people ; easily understood ; ple- 
 beian. 
 
 popularity (-lar'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being popular ; general 
 esteem. 
 
 popularize (-iz), v.t. to render pop- 
 ular. 
 
 populate ('u-lat), v.t. to furnish with 
 inhabitants. 
 
 population (la/shun), n. the inhab- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
itants of a country, place, town, &c, 
 collectively. 
 
 Populist (-list), n. a member of a 
 political party in the United States 
 known as the Populist or People's 
 party. 
 
 populous ('u-lus), adj. thickly peo- 
 pled. 
 
 porcelain (pors'lan or pSrs'lan), n. 
 a fine white, thin, semi-transparent 
 kind of earthenware : adj. pertaining 
 to, or made of, porcelain. 
 
 porch (porch), n. sl vestibule sup- 
 ported by pillars ; portico. 
 
 porcine (pOr'sin), adj. pertaining to 
 swine. 
 
 porcupine ('ku-pin), n. a rodent cov- 
 ered with spines, of the genus Hys- 
 trix. 
 
 pore (por) n. a minute hole in the 
 skin through which perspiration 
 passes to the surface ; an opening 
 between the molecules of a body : v.i. 
 to look with close and steady atten- 
 tion, as on a book. 
 
 porgee (por'je), n. a coarse kind of 
 silk. 
 
 porgy ('ji), n. a marine fish much 
 esteemed for food. 
 
 pork (pork), n. the flesh of swine 
 either fresh or salted. 
 
 porker ('er), w. a pig. 
 
 porkling ('ling), n. a young pig. 
 
 porosity (por-os'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being porous. Also por- 
 ousness. 
 
 porous ('us), adj. having pores. 
 
 porphyritic (por-fi-rit'ik), adj. hav- 
 ing the appearance, or texture of, 
 porphyry. 
 
 porphyry ('fi-ri), n. originally a red- 
 dish igneous rock found in Egypt, 
 with enclosed crystals of feldspar ; 
 now applied to any rock having a 
 feldspathic base with feldspar crys- 
 tals. 
 
 porphyry- shell (-shel), n. a uni- 
 valve shell of the genus Murex, 
 yielding a purple dye. 
 
 porpoise (por'pus), n. a cetaceous 
 mammal of the genus Phocaena ; the 
 sea-hog. 
 
 porridge (por'ij), n. oatmeal boiled 
 slowly in water until it thickens. 
 
 porringer ('in-jer), n. a small dish 
 for porridge, &c. 
 
 por 
 
 port (port), n. a harbor; harem; de- 
 portment or carriage; the left side 
 of a ship ; porthole ; gate ; a dark 
 colored Portuguese wine : v.t. to turn 
 to the port of left side of a ship : as, 
 to port the helm. 
 
 portability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
 of being portable. Also portable- 
 ness. 
 
 portable ('a-bl), adj. that may be 
 easily carried by hand or about the 
 person. 
 
 portage ('aj), n. carriage; cost of 
 carriage ; a break in a chain of water 
 communication over which goods, 
 boats, &c, have to be carried. 
 
 portal ('al), n. a gate or entrance; 
 an arch over a gateway or door. 
 
 portcullis (-kul'is), n. a strong har- 
 row-shaped grating hung over the 
 doorway of a fortified place and ca- 
 pable of being let down to defend 
 the gate. 
 
 Porte (port), n. the Turkish govern- 
 ment and court : so called from the 
 gate of the Sultan's palace where 
 justice was administered. 
 
 portemonnaie ('mon-a), n. a purse 
 [French]. 
 
 portend (por-tend'), v.t. to indicate 
 in advance ; presage ; forebode. 
 
 portent ('tent), n. an omen, especial- 
 ly of ill. 
 
 portentous ('us), adj. ominous; 
 foreshadowing evil'; wondrous. 
 
 porter (por'ter), n. a door- or gate- 
 keeper ; a dark-colored malt beer ; 
 one who carries parcels, &c, for 
 hire. Feminine porteress. 
 
 porterage (-aj), n. money charged 
 for carriage by a porter. 
 
 portfire (port'fir), n. a paper tube 
 filled with powder, &c, formerly used 
 for firing guns. 
 
 portfolio (-fo'li-o), n. a portable - 
 case for loose papers, drawings, &c. ; 
 the office and functions of a minister 
 of state. 
 
 porthole ('hoi), n. a window-shaped 
 hole in the side of a ship, especially 
 of a man-of-war. 
 
 portico (por'ti-ko), n. [pi. porticos 
 (-koz)], a walk covered by a roof 
 supported on columns ; a columned 
 porch. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
por 
 
 portiere (-tifir'), n. a door-curtain 
 [French]. 
 
 portion ('shun), n. a piece or part; 
 allotment ; dividend ; final state ; 
 dowry ; part of an estate descending 
 to an heir : v.t. to divide ; allot ; en- 
 dow with a fortune. 
 
 portliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
 being portly. 
 
 portly ('li), adj. stately of mien; cor- 
 pulent. 
 
 portmanteau _( -man'to ) , n. [pi. port- 
 manteaux ('toz)], a bag or trunk 
 for carrying clothes or traveling ne- 
 cessities. 
 
 portoise (por'tiz), n. a ship's gun- 
 wale. 
 
 portrait ('trat), n. a picture or rep- 
 resentation of an individual or face 
 drawn from life ; a vivid graphic de- 
 scription in words. 
 
 portraiture ('tra-ttir), n. the art or 
 practice of drawing or painting por- 
 traits ; vivid delineation in words. 
 
 portray (-tra'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. por- 
 trayed, p.pr. portraying], to paint 
 or draw the likeness of ; describe in 
 words. 
 
 portrayal ('al), n. description. 
 
 Portuguese ( por-tu-gez' ) , adj. per- 
 taining to Portugal, its inhabitants, 
 or language. 
 
 pose (poz), n. attitude or position: 
 v.i. to assume an attitude : v.t. to 
 puzzle or perplex ; cause to be at a 
 loss. 
 
 poser (poz'er), n. a puzzling ques- 
 tion ; one who, or that which, poses 
 or puzzles. 
 
 position (po-zish'un), n. the state of 
 being set or placed ; situation ; atti- 
 tude ; principle laid down ; office ; so- 
 cial status. 
 
 positive (poz'i-tiv), adj. clearly ex- 
 pressed : actual ; direct ; explicit ; 
 overconfident ; dogmatical ; settled 
 by arbitrary appointment ; having 
 power to act directly ; noting the 
 simple form of an adjective (posi- 
 tive degree) ; affected by the sign + 
 (positive quantity) : n. that which 
 may be affirmed ; reality ; a word 
 which affirms or asserts existence ; a 
 photograph with the natural lights 
 and shades restored. 
 
 pos 
 
 positively (-li), adv. absolutely; ex- 
 pressly. 
 
 positiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being positive. 
 
 positivism ('i-tiv-izm), n. a French 
 philosophical and religious system 
 originated by Auguste Comte (1798- 
 1857), called also Comtism, and the 
 Religion of Humanity. 
 
 positivist (-ist), n. an adherent of 
 positivism. 
 
 posse (pos'e), n. an improvised force 
 of men. 
 
 posse comitatus (kom-i-ta'tus), the 
 force of citizens which the sheriff of 
 a county is empowered to raise to 
 quell a riot, &c. 
 
 possess (po-zes'), v.t. to have as an 
 owner ; be master of ; occupy ; seize. 
 
 possessed (-zest'), p.adj. owned; 
 mad. 
 
 possession (-zesh'un), n. the having, 
 holding, or detention of property ; 
 the thing possessed; property or es- 
 tate. 
 
 possessive (zes'iv), adj. noting pos- 
 session. 
 
 possessor ('er), n. owner; one who 
 possesses. 
 
 possessory ('o-ri), adj. pertaining to 
 posession. 
 
 posset (pos'et), n. milk curdled with 
 wine, &c. 
 
 possibility (-i-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
 of being possible ; contingency. 
 
 possible ('i-bl), adj. that may hap- 
 pen or exist. 
 
 possibly ('i-bli), adv. by possibility; 
 perhaps. 
 
 possum, same as opossum. 
 
 post (post), n. a piece of timber, &c, 
 set erect, usually to support some- 
 thing else ; a messenger or postman * 
 established system of conveying and 
 delivering letters ; the mail ; a post- 
 office : a relay of horses ; situation 
 or office ; a size of paper double that 
 of common note-paper ; military sta- 
 tion : v.t. set or station ; transmit 
 by post ; carry to the ledger ; inform 
 fully : v.i. to travel with speed or a 
 relay of horses : adv. speedily ; with 
 despatch. 
 
 post, a prefix meaning after, as post- 
 date. . 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
pos 
 
 postage ('aj), the fee for the convey- 
 ance of letters by post. 
 
 postal ('al), adj. pertaining to the 
 postoffice or mail service. 
 
 postdiluvial (-di-lu'vi-al), adj. tak- 
 ing place after the deluge. 
 
 poster ('er), n. a large advertising 
 bill. 
 
 posterior (pos-te'ri-er), adj. subse- 
 quent in time or place ; hinder : n.pl. 
 the hinder parts of an animal. 
 
 posterity (-ter'i-ti), n. [pi. posteri- 
 ties (-tiz)], succeeding generations; 
 descendants. 
 
 postern (pos'tern), n. a small gate 
 or door ; private entrance ; vaulted 
 passage beneath the parapet and 
 through the rampart of a fortifica- 
 tio : adj. behind ; private. 
 
 post facto (post fak'to), done after 
 the act ; retrospective. 
 
 postfix ('fiks), v.t. to affix. 
 
 posthumous (post'u-mus), adj. born 
 a after the death of the father ; pub- 
 lished after the death of an author. 
 
 postilion (pos-til'yun), n. the rider 
 on the near leader in a carriage. 
 
 postmaster (post'mas-ter), n. the su- 
 perintendent of a postoffice ; one who 
 supplies post-horses. 
 
 postmaster-general (jen'er-al), n. 
 the chief officer of the postoffice de- 
 partment. 
 
 post-meridian (-me-rid'i-an), adj. 
 after noon. 
 
 postpone (pon'), v.t. to delay; defer. 
 
 postponement ('ment), n. the act of 
 deferring to a future time ; tempo- 
 rary delay. 
 
 postscript ('skript), n. a paragraph 
 added to a letter after the writer's 
 signature ; appendix to a book. 
 
 postulate (pos'tu-lat), v.t. to assume 
 without proof ; solicit : n. a self-evi- 
 dent problem ; a position assumed as 
 self-evident. 
 
 posture ('tur), n. attitude; placing 
 or position of parts of the body ; 
 state: v.i. to place the body in par- 
 ticular postures. 
 
 posy (po'zi), n. a bunch of flowers, 
 originally a motto or verse sent with 
 a bouquet. 
 
 pot (pot), n. a metal vessel for hold- 
 ing or boiling liquids, &c. ; a mug for 
 liquor ; a quart ; a vessel of earthen- 
 
 pot 
 
 ware, &c, for holding plants ; a size 
 of paper 12% x 15 inches ; a large 
 amount : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. potted, p.pr. 
 potting], to preserve, put into, or 
 plant in pots ; shoot. 
 
 potable (po'ta-bl), adj. drinkable. 
 
 potance (po'tans), n. the stud m 
 which the lower pivot of the verge of 
 a watch is placed. 
 
 potash (pot'ash), n. a powerful alka- 
 li obtained from the ashes of certain 
 plants. Also potass, potassa. 
 
 potassium (po-tas'i-um), n. a monad 
 element, the metallic base of potash. 
 
 potation (po-ta'shun), n. drinking 
 bout ; a draught or drink. 
 
 potato (-ta'to), n. [pi. potatoes 
 (-toz)], the edible tuber of a South 
 American plant, widely cultivated ; 
 the plant itself. 
 
 potency ('ten-si), n. power, physical 
 or mental. 
 
 potent ('tent), adj. powerful; having 
 great authority or influence. 
 
 potentate ('ten-tat), n. one who pos- 
 sesses great power ; sovereign or 
 monarch. 
 
 potential (-ten'shal), adj. existing in 
 possibility, not in reality ; latent ; in 
 grammar, expressing power, possi- 
 bility, liberty, or obligation. 
 
 potentiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. possi- 
 bility without reality. 
 
 potentially ('shal-li), adv. in a po- 
 tential manner. 
 
 pother (poM'er), n. confusion; bus- 
 tle : v.i. to make a stir : v.t. to con- 
 fuse ; tease. 
 
 pothouse (pot'hous), n. a low public 
 house. 
 
 potion (po'shun), n. a draft; dose. 
 
 pot-pourri (po-poo-re'), n. a med- 
 ley, especially of musical airs ; a 
 dish composed of various kinds of 
 meats and vegetables. 
 
 potsherd (pot'sherd), n. a fragment 
 of a broken pot. 
 
 pottage ('aj), n. a kind of soup. 
 
 potter ('er), n. a maker of pottery. 
 
 pottery ('er-i), n. [pi. potteries 
 (-iz) ], earthenware of all kinds ; the 
 place where it is manufactured. 
 
 pottle (pot'l), n. a liquid measure = 
 4 pints; a small conical basket for 
 holding fruit. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Men. 
 
pot 
 
 pottoroo (-o-roo'), n. the kangaroo 
 rat of Australia. Also potoroo. 
 
 pouch (pouch), n. a small bag; 
 pocket ; bag or sack of an animal ; 
 cartridge-box ; protuberant stomach. 
 
 poulp (poolp), n. the octopus. Also 
 poulpe. 
 
 poult (polt), n. a pullet; a young 
 chicken, turkey, partridge, &c. 
 
 poulterer (pol-ter-er), n. a dealer in 
 poultry. 
 
 poultice ('tis), n. a soft preparation 
 of bread, meal, &c, applied to a sore 
 or inflamed part of the body ; a cata- 
 plasm : v.t. to apply a poultice to. 
 
 poultry ('tri), n. domestic fowls. 
 
 pounce (pouns), n. a fine powder for- 
 merly used for drying ink on paper, 
 now chiefly used for sprinkling into 
 holes in paper in pattern-making : 
 the talon or claw of a bird of prey s 
 v.t. to sprinkle with pounce : v.i. to 
 fall upon and seize with, or as with, 
 the claws. 
 
 pound (pound), n. a standard weight 
 = 16 ounces avoirdupois, or 12 
 ounces troy ; a monetary unit = 20 
 shillings, or about $4.86 ; an inclos- 
 ure for confining stray cattle : v.t. to 
 shut in or confine in a pound ; beat ; 
 pulverize as in a mortar : v.i. to plod. 
 
 poundage ('aj), 11. an allowance of 
 so much in the pound. 
 
 pour (por), v.t. to empty, as a liquid, 
 out of a vessel ; discharge in a con- 
 tinuous stream ; send forth ; give 
 vent to ; utter : v.i. to stream ; rush 
 tumultuously. 
 
 pourparler (poor-par'la), n. [pi. 
 pourparlers ('laz)], a diplomatic 
 consultation preliminary to a treaty. 
 
 pout (pout), n. a poult; a thrusting 
 out of the lips ; fit of sullenness ; a 
 kind of codfish : v.i. to thrust out the 
 lips in sullenness, contempt, or dis- 
 pleasure ; look sulky. 
 
 pouter ('er), n. one who pouts; a 
 pigeon. 
 
 poverty (pov'er-ti), n. the state of 
 being poor ; indigence ; necessity ; 
 penury ; deficiency or defect, as of 
 words, &c. 
 
 powan (pou'an), n. a fish similar to 
 the herring, found in Loch Lomond. 
 
 powder ('der), n. any dry substance 
 in fine particles ; gunpowder ; face- 
 
 pra 
 
 powder ; a medicinal preparation : 
 v.t. to reduce to, or sprinkle with, 
 powder ; salt. 
 
 power (pou'er), n. the faculty of do- 
 ing or performing something ; abil- 
 ity ; energy ; force ; strength ; rule or 
 authority ; dominion ; government ; 
 influence ; mental capacity ; legal 
 authority ; ruler or sovereign ; state 
 or nation ; supernatural being or 
 agent ; force tending to produce mo- 
 tion ; magnifying power of a lens ; 
 the product arising from the multi- 
 plication of a number or quantity 
 into itself. 
 
 powerful (-fool), adj. having great 
 power ; mighty ; forcible ; strong ; 
 efficacious. 
 
 powerfully (-li), adv. in a powerful 
 manner. 
 
 pow-wow (pou'wou), n. a North 
 American Indian priest or conjurer ; 
 an incantation accompanied with 
 noise and dancing for the cure of 
 disease ; a noisy political meeting : 
 v.i. to conjure ; frolic noisily. 
 
 pox (poks), n. an eruptive disease 
 characterized by pustules ; syphilis. 
 
 pozzuolana (potz-oo-o-la/na), n. vol- 
 canic ashes used in hydraulic or Ro- 
 man cement. 
 
 praam (pram), n. a flat-bottomed 
 boat or lighter used in Holland and 
 the Baltic. 
 
 practicability (prak-ti-ka-bil'i-ti) , 
 n. the state of being practicable. 
 
 practicable ('ti-ka-bl), adj. that 
 may be done, used, or passed over; 
 feasible ; possible. 
 
 practicably ('ti-ka-bli), adv. so as 
 to be practicable. 
 
 practical ( 'ti-kal ) , adj. pertaining to 
 action or use ; useful ; capable of ap- 
 plying knowledge or theory to prac- 
 tice; derived from, or reduced to, 
 practice. 
 
 practically (-li), adv. in a practical 
 manner. 
 
 practice (prak'tis), n. frequent or 
 customary action ; dexterity acquired 
 by habit ; use ; exercise of any pro- 
 fession ; systematic exercise ; a rule 
 in arithmetic : v.t . to do habitually 
 or repeatedly ; perform ; exercise, as 
 a profession : v.i. to form a habit ; 
 exercise a profession. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pra 
 
 practitioner (-tish'un-er), n. one 
 who is engaged in the exercise of 
 any profession, especially medicine 
 or law. 
 
 prae, see pre. 
 
 praecipe (pres'i-pe), n. a writ requir- 
 ing something to be done, or the rea- 
 son why it is not performed. 
 
 praenomen (pre-no'men), n. a name 
 prefixed to the family name. 
 
 praetor ('ter), n. a Roman magistrate 
 ranking next to consul. 
 
 pragmatic (prag-mat'ik), adj. med- 
 dling ; officious ; assuming business 
 airs. Also pragmatical. 
 
 prairie (pra'ri), n. an extensive tree- 
 less tract of level or slightly undu- 
 lating land covered with tall coarse 
 grass. 
 
 prairie-dog (-dog), n. a small bur- 
 rowing rodent that lives in commu- 
 nities on the prairies. 
 
 praise (praz), n. approbation; com- 
 mendation ; tribute of gratitude for 
 benefits ; renown ; applause ; object 
 or reason of praise : v.t. to bestow 
 commendation upon ; honor ; wor- 
 ship ; glorify. 
 
 prance (prans), n. a spring or 
 bound : v.i. to spring or bound ; ride 
 ostentatiously ; strut about in a 
 shadowy or bellicose manner. 
 
 prank ( prangk ) , n. a freak or frolic ; 
 mischievous trick : v.t. to dress up in 
 a showy style ; decorate. 
 
 prate (prat), v.i. to prattle; talk 
 idly ; be loquacious : v.t. to utter 
 without sense or meaning : n. tri- 
 fling talk. Also prating. 
 
 pratiqne (pra-tek'), n. a license to a 
 ship to trade after quarantine, or 
 after a certificate has been given 
 that the vessel has not come from an 
 infected port. 
 
 prattle (prat'l), n. childish or empty 
 talk : v.i. to talk much and lightly ; 
 chatter. 
 
 prawn (prawn), n. a small marine 
 crustacean, allied to the shrimp. 
 
 praxis (prak'sis), n. an example or 
 series of examples for exercise. 
 
 pray (pra), v.t. & v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 prayed, p.pr. praying], to ask earn- 
 estly ; address or petition ; ask with 
 humility and reverence; supplicate. 
 
 pre 
 
 prayer (prar), n. a solemn address 
 to the Supreme Being ; entreaty ; a 
 formula of worship ; that part of a 
 petition which specifies the request 
 or desire. 
 
 prayerful ( 'fool ) , adj. using prayer ; 
 devotional. 
 
 prayerfully (-li), adv. in a prayer- 
 ful manner; devoutly. 
 
 prayer-book (-book), n. a manual of 
 public or private devotion, contain- 
 ing forms of prayer. 
 
 pre, a prefix, meaning before, prior in 
 time, space, or degree. 
 
 preach (prech), v.i. to pronounce a 
 public discourse on a sacred subject, 
 especially from a text of Scripture ; 
 give advice in an offensive or obtru- 
 sive manner on religious or moral 
 grounds : v.t. to teach publicly. 
 
 preamble (pre'am-bl), n. an intro- 
 duction or preface; the opening 
 clauses of a statute setting forth 
 the reasons and object of the act : 
 commencing with the word whereas. 
 
 preaudience (-aw'di-ens), n. the 
 right of previous audience ; preced- 
 ence at the bar. 
 
 prebend (preb'end), n. the stipend 
 granted to a canon out of the es- 
 tate of a cathedral or collegiate 
 church. 
 
 precarious (pre-ka'ri-us), adj. de- 
 pending upon the will or pleasure of 
 another ; uncertain ; held by a doubt- 
 ful tenure. 
 
 precaution (pre-kaw'shun), n. cau- 
 tion taken beforehand ; preventive 
 measure. 
 
 precautionary (-a-ri), adj. contain- 
 ing, or proceeding from, precaution. 
 
 precede (pre-sed'), v.t. to go before 
 in time, place, rank, or importance. 
 
 precedence (-se'dens), n. the act of 
 going before in time, rank, &c. ; pri- 
 ority ; relative rank in social eti- 
 quette. Also precedency. 
 
 precedent ('dent), adj. going before; 
 anterior : n. (pres'e-dent) something 
 previously said or done, serving as 
 an example to be followed ; a paral- 
 lel case in the past. 
 
 preceding (pre-sed'ing), p. adj. going 
 before ; antecedent ; former. 
 
 precentor (-sen'ter), n. the leader of 
 a cathedral choir, &c. ; the leader of 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrtb, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
pre 
 
 the psalmody in a Presbyterian 
 church. 
 
 precept (pre'sept), n. an authorita- 
 tive command ; rule of action or 
 moral conduct ; maxim ; written 
 mandate. 
 
 preceptor ('ter), n. an instructor or 
 teacher. Fern, preceptress. 
 
 preceptory (-sep'to-ri), adj. giving, 
 or containing, precepts : n. a college 
 or religious house of the Knights 
 Templars. 
 
 precession (-sesh'un), n. a going for- 
 ward, especially the slow but con- 
 tinual shifting of the equinoctial 
 points along the ecliptic from east 
 to west {precession of the equi- 
 noxes). 
 
 precinct (pre'singkt), n. an outward 
 limit or boundary ; minor territorial 
 district. 
 
 precious (presh'us), adj. of great 
 price or value ; costly ; highly es- 
 teemed ; worthless (in irony). 
 
 precipice (pres'i-pis), n. a steep de- 
 scent, especially one nearly or quite 
 perpendicular. 
 
 precipitance (pre-sip'i-tans), n. 
 haste in resolving or carrying out a 
 purpose. Also precipitancy. 
 
 precipitant ('i-tant), adj. falling 
 headlong; hasty: n. any chemical 
 substance that causes something 
 held in solution by a liquid to fall 
 down in a solid state. 
 
 precipitate (-sip'i-tat), v.t. to throw 
 headlong ; urge on violently ; hurry 
 on rashly, thoughtlessly, or unex- 
 pectedly ; throw to the bottom of a 
 vessel : v.i. to fall to the bottom of 
 a vessel : adj. headlong ; over hasty ; 
 rash; falling, flowing, or rushing 
 headlong : n. a substance precipi- 
 tated. 
 
 precipitately (-li), adv. in a precipi- 
 tate manner. 
 
 precipitation (-ta'shun) , n. the act 
 of precipitating ; rash haste ; that 
 which is precipitated. 
 
 precipitous ('i-tus), adj. very steep; 
 headlong ; rash ; hasty. 
 
 precise (pre-sls'), adj. exact; strict; 
 accurate ; definite ; adhering rigidly 
 to rule ; punctilious. 
 
 precisely ('li), adv. in a precise man- 
 ner. 
 
 pre 
 
 preciseness ('nes), n. the quality of 
 being precise. 
 
 precisian (-sizh'an), n. a punctilious 
 or over precise person. 
 
 preclude (-klood'), v.t. to shut out; 
 hinder from access ; obviate ; pre- 
 vent. 
 
 preclusion ( -kloo'zhun ) , n. the act 
 of precluding ; the state of being 
 precluded. 
 
 preclusive ('siv), adj. precluding or 
 tending to preclude. 
 
 preclusively (-li), adv. in a preclu- 
 sive manner. 
 
 precocious (-ko'shus), adj. prema- 
 turely ripe or developed ; pertly for- 
 ward. 
 
 precocity (-kos'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being precocious ; prema- 
 ture development. Also precocious- 
 ness. 
 
 precognition (-kog-nish'un), n. pre- 
 vious knowledge or thought. 
 
 precursor ( -ker'ser ) , n. one who, or 
 that which, precedes ; forerunner ; 
 omen. 
 
 precursory ('so-ri), adj. indicating 
 something that is to happen or fol- 
 low. 
 
 predacious (da'shus), adj. living by 
 prey. 
 
 predatory (pred'a-to-ri), adj. rapa- 
 cious ; plundering ; pillaging. 
 
 predecessor (pre-de-ses'er), n. one 
 who has preceded another in the 
 same office, business, position, &c. ; 
 an ancestor. 
 
 pr edestinarian ( -des-ti-na'ri-an ) , 
 adj. pertaining to predestination : n. 
 one who believes in the doctrine of 
 predestination. 
 
 predestinate ('ti-nat), v.t. to or- 
 dain beforehand by an unchangeable 
 purpose. 
 
 predestination (-na'shun), n. che 
 act of foreordaining ; the doctrine 
 that God has from all eternity de- 
 creed whatever comes to pass, espe- 
 cially, by an unchangeable purpose, 
 the eternal life or death of man. 
 
 predicability (pred-i-ka-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the state or quality of being predica- 
 te. 
 
 predicable ('i-ka-bl), adj. capable of 
 being predicated : n. in logic, a term 
 that can be predicated of others, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pre 
 
 and noting genus, species, difference, 
 property, or accident. 
 
 predicament (pre-dik'a-rnent), n. in 
 logic, a category ; a peculiar situa- 
 tion ; critical condition or state. 
 
 predicate ('i-kat), v.t. to affirm one 
 thing of another ; found : n. in logic, 
 that which is affirmed or denied of 
 the subject. 
 
 predication (-ka'shun), n. affirma- 
 tion. 
 
 predicative (-tiv), adj. affirmative. 
 
 prediction (pre-dik'shun), n. the 
 declaration of a future event ; 
 prophecy. 
 
 predictor ('ter), n. one who predicts 
 or foretells. 
 
 predilection (pre-di-lek'shun), n. 
 preference beforehand ; preposses- 
 sion ; partiality. 
 
 predispose (-dis-poz'), v.t. to incline 
 beforehand ; adapt previously. 
 
 predisposition (-po-zish'un), n. pre- 
 vious inclination or propensity : 
 prejudice. 
 
 predominancy (-dom'i-nan-si), n. 
 prevalence over others ; superiority 
 in strength, power, authority, &c. 
 Also predominance. 
 
 predominant ('i-nant), adj. having 
 superior influence, &c. ; superior ; 
 controlling. 
 
 predominate ('i-nat), v.i. to be su- 
 perior in strength, power, authority, 
 &c. ; prevail ; be ascendant. 
 
 predomination (-na'shun), n. the 
 act or state of predominating. 
 
 preempt (pre-empt'), v.t. to secure 
 or occupy by preemption ; establish 
 a right or claim to before others. 
 
 preemption (-emp'shun), n. the act 
 or right of purchasing before others. 
 
 preen (pren), n. a forked instrument 
 used in cloth dressing : v.t. to 
 cleanse, trim, and compose with the 
 beak, as birds. 
 
 preface (pref'as), n. the introduction 
 to a book, &c. ; preamble : v.t. to in- 
 troduce by preliminary remarks : v.i. 
 to say or do something introductory. 
 
 prefatory ('a-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to, or of the nature of, a preface ; 
 introductory. 
 
 prefect (pre'fekt), n. a civil magis- 
 trate or governor ; commander ; 
 
 pre 
 
 monitor; the civil governor of a de- 
 partment in France. 
 
 prefecture (-tiir), n. the office, juris- 
 diction, or official residence of a pre- 
 fect. 
 
 prefer (-fer f ), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pre- 
 ferred, p.pr. preferring], to regard 
 or esteem more than something else ; 
 present ; place in advance. 
 
 preference (pref'er-ens), n. the act 
 of preferring ; the thing preferred ; 
 choice of one thing more than anoth- 
 er ; predilection. 
 
 preferential (-en'shal), adj. having 
 a preference. 
 
 preferment (pre-fer'ment), n. pro- 
 motion, especially in the church. 
 
 preferrer ('er), n. one who prefers. 
 
 prefix (pre'fiks), n. a letter, word, or 
 syllable placed at the beginning of a 
 word: v.t. (pre-fiks') to place before 
 or at the beginning of. 
 
 pregnancy (preg'nan-si), n. the state 
 of being pregnant ; inventive power. 
 
 pregnant ('nant), adj. being with 
 young ; fruitful ; teeming ; fertile 
 full of importance or significance. 
 
 prehensible ( pre-hen'si-bl ) , adj. that 
 may be seized. 
 
 prehensile ('sil), adj. adapted for 
 holding or seizing. 
 
 prehension ('shun), n. a taking hold. 
 
 prejudice (prej'u-dis), n. previous 
 and unfavorable bias ; prejudgment 
 without due examination ; detri- 
 ment ; injury : v.t. to prepossess 
 against ; bias the mind of ; create a 
 prejudice against; hurt, impair or 
 damage in any way. 
 
 prejudicial (-dish'al), adj. disadvan- 
 tageous ; injurious. 
 
 prejudicially (-li), adv. injuriously. 
 
 prelacy (prel'a-si), n. the office or 
 status of a prelate ; episcopacy : 
 bishops collectively. 
 
 prelate ('at), n. an ecclesiastical dig- 
 nitary having episcopal authority. 
 
 prelatic (pre-lat'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of, prelates or 
 prelacy. Also prelatical. 
 
 prelection (-lek'shun), n. a lecture, 
 &c, read before students or others. 
 
 prelector ('ter), n. a lecturer. 
 
 preliminary (-lim'i-na-ri), adj. pre- 
 ceding the main discourse or busi- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Men. 
 
pre 
 
 ness ; introductory : n. an introduc- 
 tion ; something preceding. 
 
 prelude (prel'ud, or pre'lud), n. a 
 short piece of music played as an 
 introduction to a larger piece ; pref- 
 ace : v.t. to serve as a prelude to ; 
 precede. 
 
 prelusory (pre-lu/so-ri), adj. intro- 
 ductory. 
 
 premature (pre-ma-tur'), adj. ripe 
 before the proper time ; arriving, oc- 
 curring, or done, before the proper 
 time. 
 
 premeditate (-med'i-tat), v.t. to de- 
 sign, conceive, or deliberate, before- 
 hand. 
 
 premeditation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
 of premeditating. 
 
 premier (prem'i-er, or pre'mi-er), 
 adj. first ; chief : n. the prime minis* 
 ter. 
 
 premiership (-ship), n. the office or 
 dignity of prime minister. 
 
 premise (pre-miz'), v.t. to explain 
 previously ; lay down as proposi- 
 tions to reason from : v.i. to state 
 antecedent propositions : n. ( prem'- 
 is) a proposition antecedently as- 
 sumed and laid down : pi. the two 
 propositions of a syllogism in logic, 
 the major and minor, from which 
 the conclusion is drawn. (Also 
 premisses) ; a building and its ad- 
 juncts ; foregoing statements or 
 facts of a deed of conveyance. 
 
 premium (pre'mi-um), n. a recom- 
 pense or reward ; prize or bounty : 
 bonus ; payment for insurance ; 
 value above the original price or par 
 of stock, &c. 
 
 premonitory (-mon'i-to-ri), adj. giv- 
 ing warning beforehand. 
 
 preparation (prep-a-ra'shun), n. the 
 act of preparing or fitting for a par- 
 ticular purpose ; state of being pre- 
 pared ; readiness ; a part of an ani- 
 mal body prepared for anatomical 
 use ; that which is prepared or made 
 ready, as a medicine, &c. 
 
 preparative (pre-par'a-tiv), adj. 
 tending to prepare or make ready. 
 Also preparatory : n. that which pre- 
 pares. 
 
 preparatively (-li), adv. by prepa- 
 ration. 
 
 pre 
 
 preparatory (-par'a-to-ri), adj. pre- 
 viously necessary ; introductory. 
 
 prepared (pre'pard), p. adj. in readi- 
 ness. 
 
 prepense (-pens'), adj. premeditated. 
 
 preponderance (-pon'der-uns), 11. 
 superiority of weight, power, force, 
 or influence. 
 
 preponderant (-ant), adj. outweigh- 
 ing. 
 
 preponderate ('der-at), v.t. to out- 
 weigh ; exceed in power or influence : 
 v.i. to incline to one side. 
 
 preposition (prep-o-zish'un), n. a 
 word placed before a noun or pro- 
 noun to indicate its relation to some 
 other word in the sentence. 
 
 prepositional (-al), adj. pertaining 
 to a preposition. 
 
 prepositionally (-li), adv. like a 
 preposition. 
 
 prepositive (pre-pos'i-tiv), adj. 
 placed before : n. a word or particle 
 placed before another word. 
 
 prepossess (-poz-es'), v.t. to occupy 
 beforehand ; bias. 
 
 prepossessing ('ing), p.adj. tending 
 to win or secure favor ; attractive. 
 
 prepossession (-zesh'un), n. prior 
 possession ; preconceived opinion or 
 judgment. 
 
 preposterous (-pos'ter-us), adj. con- 
 trary to nature or reason; ridicu- 
 lous ; absurd. 
 
 prerogative (-rog'a-tiv), n. an ex- 
 clusive or peculiar privilege, espe- 
 cially of a sovereign. 
 
 presage (pres'aj), n. el foreboding or 
 presentiment: v.t. (pre-saj'), to 
 forebode ; predict. 
 
 presbyopia (-bi-6'pi-a), n. long-sight- 
 edness while near objects are indis- 
 tinctly seen, caused by a change in 
 the refractive power of the eye, due 
 to the flattening of the lens. 
 
 presbyter (pres'bi-ter), n. an elder, 
 minister, or priest ; an elder with 
 authority to rule in the early Chris- 
 tian church. 
 
 Presbyterian (-bi-te'ri-an), n. one 
 of a religious body governed by 
 presbyters : adj. pertaining to a 
 presbyter, or to the Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 Presbyterianism (-izm), n. the sys- 
 tem of church government by pres- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book : hue, hut : think, then. 
 
pre 
 
 byters, all of whom are regarded as 
 having equal rank and function. 
 
 presbytery ( 'bi-ter-i ) , n. in the early 
 Christian church, a body of elders ; 
 in the Presbyterian Church, a court 
 composed of the pastors and ruling 
 elders of the churches in a given 
 district ; such district so represented. 
 
 prescience (pre'shiens), n. fore- 
 knowledge. \ 
 
 prescient ('shient), adj. foreknow- 
 ing. 
 
 prescribe (-skrib'), v.t. to set down 
 authoritatively ; direct medically ; 
 appoint : v.i. to write medical direc- 
 tions; give law; claim by prescrip- 
 tion. 
 
 prescript ('skript), adj. prescribed; 
 directed: n. a direction; prescrip- 
 tion. 
 
 prescription (-skrip'shun), n. the 
 act of prescribing ; the thing pre- 
 scribed; a written direction for the 
 preparation of a medicine ; recipe ; 
 custom or title continued until it 
 has acquired the force of law. 
 
 presence (prez'ens), n. the state or 
 quality of being present ; quickness 
 at expedients ; approach face to 
 face ; society ; mien. 
 
 present Cent), adj. being in a cer- 
 tain place ; at hand or in sight ; at 
 this time; not past or future; in- 
 stant or immediate : n. the present 
 time ; a gift or donation : pi. what 
 is written in a document or con- 
 veyance now present or referred to : 
 v.t. (pre-zenf) to introduce to a 
 superior ; exhibit to view ; offer ; 
 give formally; point or aim, as a 
 gun ; appoint to an ecclesiastical 
 benefice; lay before for considera- 
 tion. 
 
 presentation (prez-en-ta'shun), n. 
 the act of presenting; representa- 
 tion; the right or act of present- 
 ing to an ecclesiastical benefice ; po- 
 sition of a child at parturition. 
 
 presentative ('ta-tiv), adj. having 
 the right of presentation ; directly 
 apprehending or apprehended by 
 the mind. 
 
 presentee (-en-te'), n. one who is 
 presented to an ecclesiastical bene- 
 fice. 
 
 pre 
 
 presentient (-sen'shient), adj. hav- 
 ing previous perception. 
 
 presentiment ('ti-ment), n. previ- 
 ous apprehension of something about 
 to come or happen (usually of im- 
 pending evil). 
 
 presently (prez'ent-li), adv. ere long. 
 
 presentment (pre-zent'ment), n. the 
 act of presenting; the thing pre- 
 sented ; representation ; notice taken 
 of an offense by a grand jury from 
 their personal knowledge ; formal 
 information to the lord of a manor 
 by his tenants. 
 
 preservable (-zer'va-bl), adj. that 
 may be preserved. 
 
 preservation (prez-er-va'shun), n. 
 the act of preserving; the state of 
 being preserved from injury or de- 
 cay. 
 
 preservative (pre-zer'va-tiv), adj. 
 having the power of preserving : n. 
 that which preserves. Also preser- 
 vatory. 
 
 preserve (-zerv'), v.t. to keep from 
 injury ; defend ; uphold ; save ; keep 
 in a sound state ; season with sugar 
 for preservation: n. fruit, &c, sea- 
 soned and kept in sugar ; a place set 
 apart for preserving game. 
 
 preside (pre-zid'), v.i. to direct or 
 control, especially at a public meet- 
 ing ; superintend. 
 
 presidency (prez'i-den-si), n. t"ie of- 
 fice, dignity, term, jurisdiction, or 
 residence of a president ; one of the 
 three principal divisions of British 
 India. 
 
 president ('i-dent), n. one who pre- 
 sides over a corporation or assem- 
 bly ; the highest officer of a repub- 
 lic ; the chief officer of a college, 
 university, or society. 
 
 presidential (-den'shal), adj. per- 
 taining to a president. 
 
 press (pres), v.t. to urge; squeeze or 
 crush strongly ; hug or embrace ; 
 compel ; crowd upon ; distress ; har- 
 ry ; make smooth, as cloth, &c. ; 
 formerly, to force for service into 
 the navy : v.i. to exert pressure ; 
 move forward forcibly ; crowd : n. 
 an instrument or machine for com- 
 pressing anything; a printing ma- 
 chine ; newspaper and periodical 
 literature; literature generally; a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pre 
 
 crowd ; act of urging forward ; pres- 
 sure ; urgency ; a closet with 
 shelves ; wine vat. 
 
 press-gang ('gang), n. a detachment 
 from a ship's crew to force men into 
 the navy. 
 
 pressing ('ing), p.adj. urgent; im- 
 portunate. 
 
 pressman ('man), n. a printer who 
 works at the press and impresses 
 the sheets ; a journalist. 
 
 prestidigitation (-ti-dij'i-ta'shun) , 
 n. sleight of hand ; legerdemain. 
 Also prestigiation. 
 
 prestige ('tij, or -tezh'), n. moral 
 influence due to past reputation, 
 achievements, &c. 
 
 presume (pre-zum'), v.t. to take for 
 granted on probable grounds ; sup- 
 pose : v.i. to venture without actual 
 leave ; form confident or arrogant 
 opinions ; behave with overconfidence 
 or presumption. 
 
 presumption (-zump'shun), n. the 
 act of presuming ; the thing pre- 
 sumed ; strong probability ; arro- 
 gance or overconfidence ; the as- 
 sumption of the credibility of cer- 
 tain facts from circumstantial evi- 
 dence. 
 
 presumptive ('tiv), adj. taken by 
 previous supposition ; proving cir- 
 cumstantially ; arrogant. 
 
 presumptively (-li), adv. in a pre- 
 sumptive manner. 
 
 presumptuous ('tu-us), adj. bold 
 and confident to excess ; arrogant ; 
 wilful ; rash. 
 
 presuppose (pre-sup-oz') , v.t. to take 
 for granted ; imply as antecedent. 
 
 presupposition (-o-zish'un), n. a 
 supposition previously formed. Also 
 presupposal. 
 
 pretend (-tend'), v.t. to allege or 
 put forward falsely ; make a show 
 of; simulate; counterfeit; assert: 
 v.i. to put forward a claim, true or 
 false. 
 
 pretended (-ten'ded), p.adj. ostensi- 
 ble ; feigned. 
 
 pretender ('er), n. one who lays 
 claim to anything under the guise 
 of a right ; one who makes a show 
 of anything not real. 
 
 pretense (-tens'), n. false or hypo- 
 
 pre 
 
 critical profession ; unfounded 
 claim ; pretext. 
 
 pretension (-ten'shun), n. a claim, 
 true or false ; assumed right. 
 
 pretentious ('shus), adj. assuming 
 an air of superiority. 
 
 prete.r, a prefix meaning beyond, 
 more, besides, as preternatural, &c. 
 
 preterit ( pret'er-it ) , adj. past ; not- 
 ing the tense which expresses past 
 or completed time or action. Also 
 preterite : n. the past tense. 
 
 pretext (pre'tekst), n. a pretense or 
 excuse ; ostensible motive put for- 
 ward to conceal the real one. 
 
 pretor, same as praetor. 
 
 prettily (prit'i-li), adv. in a pretty 
 manner ; pleasingly and elegantly. 
 
 prettiness (-nes), n. the quality of 
 being pretty ; attractiveness without 
 dignity ; neatness with taste ; agree- 
 able manner. 
 
 pretty ('i), adj. [comp. prettier, su- 
 perl. prettiest], pleasing without be- 
 ing absolutely beautiful ; pleasing ; 
 neatly arranged or ornamented ; 
 trim ; moderately large or excellent ; 
 fine : adv. fairly ; moderately ; tol- 
 erably. 
 
 pretzel (pret'zel), n. a hard wheaten 
 biscuit, made in the form of a knot 
 and salted on the surface. 
 
 prevail ( pre-val' ) , v.i. to overcome ; 
 gain the advantage ; operate effec- 
 tually ; obtain influence or superiori- 
 ty ; persuade (with on). 
 
 prevalence (prev-a'lens), adj. supe- 
 rior strength, influence, or efficacy; 
 preponderance ; general diffusion. 
 Also prevalency. 
 
 prevalent ('lent), adj. powerful; 
 predominant ; victorious ; most gen- 
 eral. 
 
 prevaricate (pre-var'i-kat), v.i. to 
 evade the truth ; quibble. 
 
 prevarication (-ka'shun), n. a quib- 
 bling to evade the truth ; deviation 
 from truth or fair dealing. 
 
 prevaricator (-var'i-ka-ter), n. one 
 who prevaricates. 
 
 prevent (-vent'), v.t. to hinder, ob- 
 struct, or impede ; obviate ; precede 
 (as in prayer-book, "prevent us O 
 Lord"). 
 
 prevention (-ven'shun), n. the act 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
pre 
 
 of preventing ; hindrance or obstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 preventive ('tiv), adj. tending to 
 prevent : n. that which prevents. 
 
 preventively (-li), adv. in a pre- 
 ventive manner. 
 
 previous ('vi-us), adj. going before; 
 anterior. 
 
 prevision (-vizh'un), n. foreknowl- 
 edge. 
 
 prey (pra), n. plunder; booty; that 
 which may be, or is, seized by a 
 wild beast for food : v.i. [p.t. & 
 p.p. preyed, p.pr. preying] to take 
 booty or plunder ; seize and devour 
 an animal as prey; weigh heavily 
 (with on or upon). 
 
 price (pris), n. the current value of 
 a commodity ; cost ; value ; recom- 
 pense. 
 
 priceless ('les), adj. invaluable. 
 
 prick (prik), n. a puncture; dot or 
 point ; slender pointed instrument ; 
 a sharp stinging pain ; thorn ; goad ; 
 remorse ; small roll ; footprint of a 
 hare or deer : v.t. to pierce with, or 
 as with, a prick ; puncture ; spur 
 or incite ; mark or make by prick- 
 ing : v.i. to dress one's self for show ; 
 ride quickly ; in archery, to aim at 
 a mark. 
 
 pricking ('ing), n. the act of pierc- 
 ing with a sharp point ; sensation 
 of a sharp, tingling pain. 
 
 prickle ('1), n. a sharp point grow- 
 ing from the bark of a plant. 
 
 prickliness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being prickly. 
 
 prickly ('li), adv. full of prickles. 
 
 prier (pri'er), n. one who pries. 
 
 priest (prest), n. an ecclesiastic in 
 full orders, below a bishop and 
 above a deacon ; one who officiates 
 in sacred offices, especially by of- 
 fering sacrifice. Fern, priestess. 
 
 priestcraft ('kraft), n. the policy 
 pursued by priests for the aggran- 
 dizement of their order and material 
 interests. 
 
 priestkood ('hood), n. the priestly 
 order ; office or character of a priest. 
 
 priestly ('li), adj. pertaining to, or 
 befitting, a priest ; sacerdotal. 
 
 priestliness ('li-nes), n. the appear- 
 ance or manner of a priest. 
 
 prig (prig), n. a conceited fellow who 
 
 pri 
 
 gives himself airs of wisdom : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. prigged, p.pr. prigging], 
 to dress up ; primp ; prink. 
 
 priggish ('ish), adj. conceited. 
 
 priggism ('izm), n. the manners of 
 a prig. 
 
 prim (prim), adj. precise; affectedly 
 nice ; formally neat : v.t. to deck 
 with affected nicety ; make prim. 
 
 prima (pre'ma), adj. first (Fern.) 
 [Italian]. 
 
 primacy (pri'ma-si), n. the office or 
 dignity of a primate. 
 
 prima donna (pre'ma don'a), n. the 
 principal female singer in an opera. 
 
 primage (prlm'aj), n. a small allow- 
 ance paid to the captain and crew 
 of a vessel for loading or unloading 
 a cargo, &c. 
 
 primal ('a.1), adj. first. 
 
 primarily (prl'ma-ri-li), adv. in the 
 first place ; originally. 
 
 primary ( 'ma-ri ) , adj. in the first or- 
 der of time, place, or rank ; chief ; 
 original ; principal ; preparatory : n. 
 that which is first in rank, place, or 
 importance : pi. large quill feathers 
 on the last joint of a bird's wing. 
 
 primary colors (kul'erz), n.pl. red, 
 yellow, blue. 
 
 primary rocks (roks), n.pl. rocks 
 in which no organic remains occur. 
 
 primate ('mat), n. the highest dig- 
 nitary in a national church ; arch- 
 bishop, 
 
 prime (prim), adj. first in order of 
 rank, time, or importance ; original ; 
 early ; excellent : n. the spring of 
 life ; first or best part ; beginning 
 or dawn ; height of perfection ; the 
 first canonical hour : v.t. to prepare 
 for firing, as a gun ; lay the first 
 coat of paint on : v.i. to serve for the 
 charge of a gun ; convey water with 
 the steam to the cylinder of an en- 
 gine from the boiler. 
 
 primely ('li), adv. originally; excel- 
 lently. 
 
 primeness ('nes), n. supreme excel- 
 lence. 
 
 prime number (num'ber), n. a num- 
 ber not divisible without remainder 
 by any number except itself and 
 unity. 
 
 primer (prim'er), n. a manual of 
 elementary instruction ; a small 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
prl 
 
 prayer book ; one of two sizes of 
 type, long primer and great primer 
 (see type). 
 
 primeval (prl-me-val), adj. of the 
 earliest age or time ; original. 
 
 prime vally (-li), adv. in primeval 
 times. 
 
 priming (prlm'ing), n. the first coat 
 of paint ; powder in the nipple of 
 a firearm. 
 
 primitive (prim'i-tiv), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the beginning ; original ; not 
 derivative ; old-fashioned : n. a wor d 
 in its simplest form and not derived 
 from another. 
 
 primitively (-li), adv. originally. 
 
 primitiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being primitive. 
 
 primogeniture (pri-mo-jen'i-tur), n. 
 seniority of birth ; right of the eld- 
 est son to succeed to real estate. 
 
 primordial (-mor'di-al), adj. exist- 
 ing from the beginning ; first in or- 
 der ; original : n. first principle or 
 element. 
 
 primp (primp), v.t. to deck (one's 
 self) in a prim or affected manner ; 
 prink. 
 
 primrose (prim'roz), n. an early 
 spring flower of a pale yellow color, 
 of several species : adj. pale yellow. 
 
 prince (prins), n. sl ruler or sover- 
 eign ; the son of a king or sovereign ; 
 the chief of a body of men. 
 
 prince consort (kon'sort), n. the 
 husband of a female sovereign. 
 
 princely ( 'li ) , adj. resembling, or be- 
 fitting, a prince ; royal ; high-born ; 
 dignified ; magnificent. 
 
 princess (prin'ses), n. the daughter 
 of a sovereign ; the wife of a prince. 
 
 princess royal (roi'al), n. the eldest 
 daughter of a sovereign. 
 
 principal (prin'si-pal), adj. occupy- 
 ing the first place or rank ; chief in 
 character, degree, or importance ; 
 essential : n. a principal person or 
 thing ; one who takes the lead ; the 
 chief in authority ; head of a firm ; 
 a capital sum lent at interest. 
 
 principality (-si-pal'i-ti), n. the ter- 
 ritory of a prince ; the country from 
 which he derives his title ; royal 
 state ; supreme power. 
 
 principally ('si-pal-li), adv. chiefly. 
 
 Pri 
 
 principia (-sip'i-a), n.pl. first prin- 
 ciples [Latin]. 
 
 principle ('si-pl), n. source or ori- 
 gin ; element ; fundamental truth or 
 doctrine ; settled rule or law of ac- 
 tion or conduct ; reason ; foundation 
 of morality or religion ; uprightness : 
 v.t. to establish firmly in the mind. 
 
 prink (pringk), v.t. to dress up, or 
 deck out, in a showy or ostentatious 
 fashion ; arrange with nicety. 
 
 print ( print ) , n. a mark or character 
 made by impression ; impression of 
 type ; anything that being impressed 
 leaves its form on any substance ; 
 anything produced by printing, as a 
 newspaper, engraving, &c. : pi. en- 
 gravings ; printed cotton cloth : v.t. 
 to impress ; fix oi stamp deeply : v.i. 
 to practice the art of printing ; pub- 
 lish books. 
 
 printing ('ing), n. the art or act of 
 impressing figures or characters on 
 paper, &c. ; typography ; the busi- 
 ness of a printer. 
 
 prior (pri'er), adj. coming before, in 
 time ; former : adv. previously : n. 
 the head of a priory or monastery, 
 next in rank below an abbot. Fern. 
 prioress. 
 
 priorate (-at), n. the office, dignity, 
 or government of a prior. 
 
 priority (-or'i-ti), n. the state of be- 
 ing first in rank, time, or place ; 
 first claim. 
 
 priory ('er-i), n. [pi. priories (-iz)], 
 a religious house, in dignity below 
 an abbey. 
 
 prism (prizm), n. a solid whose bases 
 are similar, equal, and parallel, and 
 whose sides are parallelograms ; an 
 instrument of solid glass with tri- 
 angular ends. 
 
 prismatic (priz-mat'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, like, formed by, or sep- 
 arated by, a prism. Also prismati- 
 cal. 
 
 prismatic colors (kul'erz), n.pl. the 
 seven colors into which a ray of 
 light is decomposed when refracted 
 from a prism. 
 
 prison (priz'n), n. a public building 
 for the confinement of criminals, 
 &c. ; jail ; any place of confinement 
 or detention : v.t. to imprison. 
 
 pristine (pris'tin), adj. pertaining to 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 D.41. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pri 
 
 an early period; first; original; 
 primitive. 
 
 prithee (pri^'e), corruption of "I 
 pray thee." 
 
 prittle-prattle (prit'l-prat'l), n. 
 trifling talk ; loquacity. 
 
 privacy (priv'a-si, or priv'a-si), n. a 
 state of retirement ; place of seclu- 
 sion ; secrecy. 
 
 private (pri'vat), adj. peculiar to 
 one's self ; personal ; alone ; secret ; 
 not public ; secluded ; unofficial : n. 
 a common soldier. 
 
 privately (-li), adv. in a private 
 manner. 
 
 privateness (-nes), n. the state of 
 being private ; privacy ; seclusion. 
 
 privateer (-va-ter'), n. a private ves- 
 sel licensed by the government to 
 seize and plunder the ships of an 
 enemy : v.i. to cruise in a privateer. 
 
 privation, (-va'shun), n. the state of 
 being deprived of something, espe- 
 cially of the necessaries of life ; des- 
 titution ; hardship ; absence. 
 
 privative (priv'a-tiv), adj. causing 
 privation ; taking away ; negative : 
 n. that which depends on the absence 
 of something else ; a prefix or suffix, 
 noting absence or negation. 
 
 privatively (-li), adv. in a privative 
 manner. 
 
 privet (priv'et), n. an evergreen 
 shrub. 
 
 privilege ('i-lej), n. & law, or exemp- 
 tion from the common provisions of 
 a law, in favor of an individual or a 
 body ; peculiar advantage, right, or 
 immunity ; prerogative : v.t. to in- 
 vest with a privilege; exempt. 
 
 privity ('i-ti), n. joint knowledge; 
 secrecy. 
 
 privy ('i), adj. private; secret; clan- 
 destine; admitted to the knowledge 
 of something secret (with to) : n. a 
 person having an interest in a legal 
 action; a necessary house. 
 
 prize (priz), n. a reward gained in a 
 competition, lottery, &c. ; that which 
 is taken from an enemy in war, es- 
 pecially a captured vessel ; a lever 
 used for forcing or raising heavy 
 bodies, &c. : v.t. to value ; esteem ; 
 to force with a lever. 
 
 prize-fight ('fit), n. a boxing match 
 for stakes. 
 
 pro 
 
 pro, a prefix meaning before, in the 
 place of, forth, forward, as pro and 
 con, for and against, or both sides of 
 an argument, &c. 
 
 probability (prob-a-bil'i-ti), n. ap- 
 pearance of truth ; likelihood. 
 
 probate (pro'bat), n. the official 
 proof of wills ; the official copy of a 
 will with the certificate of its having 
 been proved. 
 
 probation (-ba'shun), n. the act of 
 proving ; evidence ; proof ; moral 
 trial ; novitiate ; trial of abilities 
 prior to election, &c, to office or 
 employment. 
 
 probationary (-a-ri), adj. serving 
 for probation or trial. Also proba- 
 tional. 
 
 probe (prob), n. a surgical instru- 
 ment for examining a wound : v.t . 
 to examine with a probe ; scrutinize. 
 
 probity (prob'i-ti), n. integrity; sin- 
 cerity. 
 
 problem ('lem), n. a question for so- 
 lution ; a proposition requiring some- 
 thing to be demonstrated. 
 
 problematical (-at'i-kal), adj. ques- 
 tionable ; doubtful. 
 
 problematically (-li), adv. doubt- 
 fully. 
 
 proboscis (pro-bos'is), n. the trunk 
 of an elephant ; the elongated snc it 
 of certain animals and insects. 
 
 procedure (-sed'ur), n. manner of 
 proceeding ; conduct ; process. 
 
 proceed (-sed'), v.i. to pass from one 
 step or place to another ; advance ; 
 issue ; make progress ; be produced ; 
 carry on a legal process : n.pl. money 
 resulting from a commercial trans- 
 action. 
 
 proceeding ('ing), n. advancement; 
 course of conduct ; transaction ; op- 
 eration : pi. legal process ; transac- 
 tions of a learned or scientific society. 
 
 process (pros'es), n. progressive 
 course ; series of measures or 
 changes ; operation ; projection on a 
 bone ; proceedings in a legal action. 
 
 procession (pro-sesh'un), n. a train 
 of persons in a formal march. 
 
 processional (-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or consisting in, a procession :• n. 
 a book relating to the ritual to be 
 observed in the processions of the 
 Roman Catholic church. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
pro 
 
 proclaim, (-klfmi'), v.t. to announce 
 officially ; publish ; outlaw by public 
 proclamation. 
 
 proclamation (prok-la-nia'skun), n. 
 an official announcement to the pub- 
 lic ; edict. 
 
 proclivity (pro-kliv'i-ti), n. an in- 
 clination ; tendency. 
 
 proclivous (-kli'vus), adj. inclined; 
 slanting forward and upward or 
 downward : as, proclivous teeth. 
 
 proconsul (-kon'sul), n. a Roman 
 official who governed a province ; a 
 magistrate invested with consular 
 authority without the office. 
 
 proconsular (-ar), adj. pertaining 
 to, or governed by, a proconsul. 
 
 proconsulate (-at), n. the jurisdic- 
 tion, office, or term of office, of a 
 proconsul. 
 
 procrastinate (-kras'ti-nat), v.t. to 
 put off to a future time ; defer : v.i. 
 to be dilatory. 
 
 procrastination (-na'skun), n. de- 
 
 " lay. 
 
 procrastinator ('ti-na-ter), n. one 
 who delays. 
 
 procreate ('kre-at), v.t. to generate 
 and produce ; beget. 
 
 procreation (-a/shun), n. the beget- 
 ting and production of young. 
 
 procreative ('kre-a-tiv), adj. genera- 
 tive. 
 
 procreativeness (-nes), n. the power 
 of generating. 
 
 procreator (-ter), n. one who begets. 
 
 Procrustean (-krus'te-an), adj. per- 
 taining to Procrustes, a fabled rob- 
 ber of ancient Greece, who tortured 
 his victims by stretching them on 
 an iron bed to which their limbs 
 were made to fit by mutilation : 
 hence strict conformity to a meas- 
 ure or standard by violent means. 
 
 proctor (prok'ter), n. one employed 
 to manage the affairs of another ; 
 an attorney in an ecclesiastical, ad- 
 miralty, or probate court ; a univer- 
 sity official charged with the main- 
 tenance of university regulations. 
 
 proctorial (-to-ri'al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a proctor. 
 
 procumbent (-kum'bent), adj. lying 
 down ; prostrate ; trailing. 
 
 procurable (-ku'ra-bl), adj. obtaina- 
 ble. 
 
 pro 
 
 procuration (prok-u-ra'shun), n. 
 the act of obtaining young women 
 for immoral purposes. 
 
 procurator ('u-ra-ter), n. one who 
 manages another's affairs, especially 
 legal interests. 
 
 procure (pro-kur'), v.t. to get or ob- 
 tain ; cause. 
 
 procurer ('er), n. one who procures; 
 one who engages in the business of 
 procuration. Fern, procuress. 
 
 prod (prod), n. a goad; prick: v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. prodded, p.pr. prodding], 
 to goad. 
 
 prodigal ('i-gal), adj. extravagant in 
 expediture ; lavish ; wasteful : n. a 
 spendthrift ; one who is lavish or 
 wasteful. 
 
 prodigality (-i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being prodigal ; extrava- 
 gance ; lavishness. 
 
 prodigious (-dij'us), adj. enormous; 
 adapted to excite wonder. 
 
 prodigy (prod'i-ji), n. anything won- 
 derful or extraordinary ; a miracle ; 
 portent. 
 
 produce (pro-diis'), v.t. to exhibit or 
 bring to view ; yield or bring forth ; 
 manufacture; extend: n. (prod'us) 
 that which is yielded or brought 
 forth ; result. 
 
 producible (pro-diis'i-bl), adj. capa- 
 ble of being produced. 
 
 product (prod'ukt), n. that which is 
 produced by nature, or made by art ; 
 work ; result ; the result of multiply- 
 ing two or more numbers together. 
 
 production (pro-duk'shun), n. that 
 which is produced ; act of produc- 
 ing ; fruit ; result. 
 
 productive ('tiv), adj. having the 
 power of producing ; generative ; fer- 
 tile. 
 
 productively (-li), adv. in a produc- 
 tive manner. 
 
 productiveness (-nes), n. quality of 
 being productive. 
 
 proem ('em), W. a preface or intro- 
 duction. 
 
 profanation (prof-a-na'shun) , n. the 
 act of treating sacred things with 
 disrespect or irreverence ; desecra- 
 tion. 
 
 profane (pro-fan'), adj. secular; ir- 
 reverent ; irreligious ; blasphemous : 
 v.t. to treat with irreverence ; dese- 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pro 
 
 crate; violate (holy things) ; put to 
 an improper use. 
 
 profanely ('li), adv. in a profane 
 manner. 
 
 profaneness (-nes), n. irreverence 
 towards holy things ; blasphemy. 
 Also profanity 
 
 profess (-fes'), v.t. to make open 
 declaration of ; acknowledge or 
 avow ; declare publicly. 
 
 professed (-fesf), p.adj. openly de- 
 clared. 
 
 profession (-fesh'un), n. the act of 
 professing ; open declaration or 
 avowal ; calling or vocation, espe- 
 cially one that requires a learned 
 education ; collective body of per- 
 sons in a profession ; the formal en- 
 trance of a novice into a religious 
 order under a sacred vow. 
 
 professional (-id), -adj. pertaining 
 to a profession : n. one who makes 
 his living by his art, as distinguished 
 from an amateur. 
 
 professionalism (-izm), n. the cul- 
 tivation of athletic sports for pe- 
 cuniary considerations. 
 
 professionally (-li), adv. in a pro- 
 fessional manner. 
 
 professor ('er), n. one who makes 
 an outward profession of religion ; 
 one who publicly teaches any branch 
 of knowledge. 
 
 professorate (pro-fes'er-at), n. pro- 
 fessional staff. 
 
 professorial (-so'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to professors. 
 
 profess or snip (pr5-fes'er-ship), n. 
 the office or position of a professor. 
 
 proffer (prof-er), v.t. to offer for ac- 
 ceptance ; tender : n. an offer made. 
 
 proficiency (pro-fish 'en-si), n. de- 
 gree of advancement in any branch 
 of knowledge, science, or art. 
 
 proficient ('ent), adj. thoroughly 
 qualified, 01 skilled : n. an expert, 
 or adept 
 
 profile ('fil), n. a head or portrait 
 in a side view, outline or contour, 
 especially of a building in vertical 
 section : v.t. draw in profile. 
 
 profilist ('fil-ist), n. an artist who 
 draws profiles. 
 
 profit (profit), n. pecuniary gain; 
 benefit or advantage ; emolument : 
 v.t to benefit ; improve : v.i. to be of 
 
 pro 
 
 advantage ; make improvement ; re- 
 ceive profit. 
 
 profitable (-a-bl), adj. yielding or 
 bringing profit; lucrative; advan- 
 tageous. 
 
 profitableness (-nes), n. the quality 
 of being profitable. 
 
 profitably (-bli), adv. with profit. 
 
 profligacy ('li-ga-si), n. a profligate 
 course of life. Also profligateness. 
 
 profligate ('li-gat), adj. abandoned 
 to vice ; dissolute ; openly vicious. 
 
 profligately (-li), adv. in a profligate 
 manner. 
 
 profound (pro-found'), adj. deep in 
 skill or knowledge ; abstruse ; deep ; 
 intense. #'$.' 
 
 profundity (fun'di-ti), n. depth of 
 place, knowledge, skill, &c. 
 
 profuse (-fus'), adj. liberal to ex- 
 cess ; exuberant. 
 
 profusely ('li), adv. in a profuse 
 manner. 
 
 profusion (-fu'zhun), n. lavishness ; 
 excess ; abundance. Also profuse- 
 ness. 
 
 progenitor (-gen'i-ter), n. an an- 
 cestor ; forefather. 
 
 progeniture ('i-tur), n. a birth or 
 begetting. 
 
 progeny (proj'en-i), n. offspring; 
 descendants ; lineage. 
 
 prognathous (-na'thus), adj. having 
 projecting jaws, as certain races. 
 Also prognathic. 
 
 prognosis (-no'sis), n. knowledge of 
 the probable result of a disease from 
 its symptoms ; opinion so formed. 
 
 prognostic (-nos'tik), adj. foreshad- 
 owing ; foretelling : n. an Dmen or 
 prediction. 
 
 prognosticate ('ti-kat), v.\ to fore- 
 tell : v.i. indicate the future by pres- 
 ent signs. 
 
 prognostication (-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of prognosticating; a foretoken. 
 
 prognosticator ('ti-ka-ter), n. one 
 who foretells. 
 
 program, programme ('gram), n. 
 an outline of a public entertain- 
 ment, ceremony, &c. ; a course of ac- 
 tion prepared or announced before- 
 hand. 
 
 progress (prog'res), n. a moving or 
 going forward ; advancement ; pro- 
 ficiency ; journey of state: v.i. (pro- 
 
 ate> arm, ask, at, awl"; m§, merge, met, mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think then. 
 
pro 
 
 pro 
 
 gres') to move forward; advance; 
 increase in proficiency. 
 
 progression (pro-gresh'un), n. mo- 
 tion onwards ; intellectual advance ; 
 regular and gradual advance ; prog- 
 ress ; a series of numbers increas- 
 ing or decreasing by proportional 
 differences. 
 
 progressive ('iv), adj. moving for- 
 ward ; making progress ; improving. 
 
 progressively (-li), adv. in a pro- 
 gressive manner. 
 
 progressiveness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being progressive. 
 
 prohibit (-hib'it), v.t. to forbid; in- 
 terdict by authority ; hinder. 
 
 prohibition (-hi-bish'un), n. the act 
 of prohibiting ; interdict. 
 
 prohibitionist (-ist), n. one who de- 
 sires to prohibit the sale of intoxi- 
 cating liquors. 
 
 prohibitive (-hib'i-tiv), adj. tending 
 to prohibit. 
 
 project (proj'ekt), n. a design or 
 scheme: v.t. (pro-jekt'), to throw or 
 cast forward ; plan or scheme : v.i. 
 to jut out. 
 
 projectile (pro-jek'til), n. a body 
 thrown forward, especially through 
 the air ; a bullet, shot, &c. : adj. im- 
 pelled or impelling forward. 
 
 projecting (jekt'ing), p.adj. jutting 
 out. 
 
 projection (-jek'shun), n. the act or 
 state of projecting ; that which juts 
 out ; a plan or delineation repre- 
 sented on a plane. 
 
 projector ('ter), n. one who projects. 
 
 projecture ('tur), n. a jutting out. 
 
 prolapse (laps'), n. a falling down 
 or out of some part of the body : v.i. 
 to fall down or out ; project too 
 much. Also prolapsus. 
 
 prolate ('lat), adj. elongated at the 
 poles. 
 
 proletarian (-le-ta'ri-an), adj. per- 
 taining to the common people ; low ; 
 vulgar : n. one of the lowest class of 
 society ; a workman ; in ancient 
 Rome, the lowest class of citizens. 
 
 proletariat ('ri-at), n. proletarians 
 collectively. 
 
 proliferous (-lif'e-rus), adj. produc- 
 ing another by budding. 
 
 prolific (-lif'ik), adj. productive; fer- 
 tile. 
 
 prolifically (-al-li), adv. abundantly. 
 
 prolix (pro-liks' or pro'liks), adj. 
 tedious and verbose ; not concise. 
 
 prolixity ('i-ti), n. verbosity ; minute 
 detail. 
 
 prolocutor (-lok'u-ter), n. the speak- 
 er or chairman of a convocation. 
 
 prologue ('log), n. an introduction 
 or preface, especially verses spoken 
 before a dramatic performance by 
 way of introduction ; v.t. to intro- 
 duce by a preface. 
 
 prolong (long'), v.t. to lengthen; 
 extend. 
 
 prolongation (long-ga'shun), n. ex- 
 tension in time or space; delay or 
 postponement. 
 
 promenade (prom-e-nad'), n. a walk 
 for pleasure, show or exercise ; a 
 public place for walking : v.i. walk 
 
 * for pleasure, &c. 
 
 Promethean (pro-me'the-an), adj. 
 pertaining to Prometheus of classic 
 mythology, who was fabled to have 
 stolen fire from heaven and bestowed 
 it upon men : hence life-giving or 
 instinct with quickening fire. 
 
 prominence (prom'i-nens), n. the 
 state or quality of being prominent ; 
 a projection. Also prominency. 
 
 prominent ( 'i-nent ) , adj. projecting ; 
 conspicuous ; chief ; protuberant. 
 
 promiscuous (pro-mis'ku-us), adj. 
 confused ; mingled ; indiscriminate ; 
 not restricted to any particular per- 
 son. 
 
 promise (prom'is), n. an engagement 
 to do or not to do something; basis 
 for expectation ; the thing promised : 
 v.i. to assure one by a promise : v.t. 
 to make a promise of ; afford reason 
 to expect. 
 
 promiser (-er), n. one who promises. 
 
 promisor (-er), n. one who makes a 
 legal promise or covenant. 
 
 promissory ( 'is-o-ri ) , adj. contain- 
 ing a promise or covenant to do, or 
 not to do, something. 
 
 promissory-note (-not), n. a writ- 
 ten promise to pay a certain sum at 
 a specified date in consideration of 
 value received. 
 
 promontory ('on-to-ri), n. a high 
 cape ; a point of land jutting into 
 the sea. 
 
 promote (pro-mot'), v.t. to advance, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
pro 
 
 forward, or elevate ; excite or stir 
 up ; raise to higher rank. 
 
 promoter ('er), n. one who pro- 
 motes, especially one who makes it 
 his business to float new companies, 
 &c. 
 
 promotion (-mo'shun), n. the act of 
 promoting ; state of being promoted ; 
 advancement ; preferment. 
 
 promotive ('tiv), adj. tending to 
 promote. 
 
 prompt (prompt), adj. ready and 
 quick to act as occasion demands ; 
 immediate ; done without delay : v.t. 
 incite to action; assist (a speaker) 
 when at a loss for words. 
 
 promptitude ( promp'ti-tud ) , n. quick- 
 ness of decision and action ; readi- 
 ness ; alacrity. 
 
 promulgate (pro-mul'gat), v.t. to 
 publish. 
 
 promulgation (-ga'shun), n. publi- 
 cation. 
 
 promulgator ( 'mul-ga-ter ) , n. one 
 who promulgates. 
 
 prone (pron), adj. lying with the 
 face downwards ; not erect ; inclined ; 
 disposed. 
 
 pr oneness ('nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing prone ; propensity. 
 
 prong (prong), n. a sharp-pointed in- 
 strument ; the spike of a fork. 
 
 pronominal (-nom'i-nal), adj. per- 
 taining to, or of the nature of, a 
 pronoun. 
 
 pronominally (-H), adv. as a pro- 
 noun. 
 
 prononce (-nang-sa'), adj. pro- 
 nounced ; strongly marked ; emphatic. 
 
 pronoun ('noun), n. a word which 
 refers to, or is used in the place of, 
 a noun. 
 
 pronounce (-nouns'), v.t. to speak 
 or utter distinctly ; articulate ; utter 
 formally, authoritively, or rhetoric- 
 ally ; affirm : v.i. to speak with con- 
 fidence or authority. 
 
 pronounceable ('a-bl), adj. that 
 may be pronounced. 
 
 pronounced (-nounst'), p. adj. strong- 
 ly marked or decided. 
 
 pronouncement (-noun's'ment), n. 
 an emphatic declaration. 
 
 pronuuciamento (-nun-si-a-men'to) , 
 n. a proclamation. 
 
 pronunciation (-si-a'shun), n. the 
 
 pro 
 
 act or manner of articulating words 
 or syllables ; graceful and proper 
 public speaking. 
 
 pronunciative ( 'si-a-tiv) , adj. per- 
 taining to pronunciation. 
 
 proof (proof), n. testimony or con- 
 vincing evidence ; test or experi- 
 ment ; reason ; argument ; demon- 
 stration ; impenetrability ; capability 
 of resistance ; a standard strength of 
 spirit ; an impression taken from 
 type for correction ; an early im- 
 pression of an engraving : adj. 
 strong to resist impression or pen- 
 etration ; capable of moral or phys- 
 ical resistance. 
 
 prop (prop), n. a support or stay: 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. propped, p.pr. prop- 
 ping], to support by something under 
 or against ; sustain. 
 
 propagable ( prop'a-ga-bl ) , adj. that 
 may be propagated. 
 
 Propaganda (-gan'da), n.pl. a socie- 
 ty at Rome charged with the man- 
 agement of the missions of the 
 Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 propaganda (-gan'da), n.pl. any 
 methods for the propagation of 6 Ka- 
 trines, principles, &c, religious or 
 secular. 
 
 propagandism (Mizm), n. the act or 
 practice of zealously propagating 
 doctrines, &c. 
 
 propagandist ('dist), n. one who 
 devotes himself to the propagation 
 of any system of principles, &c. 
 
 propagate ('a-gat), v.t. to continue 
 or spread by generation or succes- 
 sive production ; extend ; impel for- 
 ward in space : v.i. to be produced 
 by generation, or by new shoots 
 or plants. 
 
 propagation (-ga'shun), n. jfche act 
 of propagating ; spreading or ex- 
 tension. 
 
 propagator ('a-ga-ter), n. one who 
 propagates. 
 
 propel (pro-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 propelled, p.pr. propelling], to drive 
 forward ; urge onward by force. 
 
 propellent Cent), adj. that propels. 
 
 propeller ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, propels ; a screw-propeller ; 
 vessel so propelled. 
 
 propensity (-pen'si-ti), n. natural 
 tendency. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pro 
 
 proper (prop'er), adj. noting a par- 
 ticular person or thing ; peculiar ; 
 fit or suitable ; correct ; appropriate. 
 
 property ('er-ti), n. [pi. properties 
 (-tiz) ], a peculiar attribute, quality, 
 or disposition ; exclusive right of 
 possession ; the thing owned ; estate ; 
 goods ; attribute common to a class : 
 pi. articles, including dresses, re- 
 quired by actors on the stage. 
 
 prophecy (prof'e-si), n. a predic- 
 tion of something to take place in 
 the future, especially a prediction 
 by Divine inspiration. 
 
 prophesier ('e-si-er), n. one who 
 prophesies. 
 
 prophesy ('e-si), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 prophesied, p.pr. prophesying], to 
 foretell future events, especially by 
 Divine inspiration : v.i. to utter 
 prophecies ; preach. 
 
 prophet C'et), n. one who foretells 
 future events, especially one inspired 
 by God. Feminine prophetess. 
 
 prophetic (pro-fet'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to prophecy ; predictive. Pro- 
 phetical. 
 
 prophetically (-al-li), adv. in a 
 prophetic manner. 
 
 prophylactic (prof-i-lak'tik), adj. 
 guarding, or preserving, against dis- 
 ease : n. a preventive of disease. 
 
 propinquity (pro-ping'kwi-ti), n. 
 nearness of place, time, or relation- 
 ship. 
 
 propitiate (-pish'i-at), v.t. to concil- 
 iate ; make propitious : v.i. to atone. 
 
 propitiation (-a'shun), n. the act 
 of propitiating; atonement. 
 
 propitiator ('i-a-ter), n. one who 
 propitiates. 
 
 propitiatory (-to-ri), adj. capable of 
 propitiating. 
 
 propitious (-pish'us), adj. favor- 
 able ; disposed to be merciful. 
 
 proportion (pro-por'shun), n. com- 
 parative relation of one thing to an- 
 other ; ratio ; rate ; symmetrical re- 
 lation ; rule of three ; equal or just 
 share : v.t. to form symmetrically ; 
 apportion. 
 
 proportional (-al), adj. having due 
 proportion ; having the same ratio : 
 n. a quantity or number in propor- 
 tion. 
 
 proportionality (-al'i-ti), n. the 
 
 pro 
 
 Pro- 
 
 quality of being proportional, 
 portionateness. 
 
 proportionally ('li), adv. in pro- 
 portion. 
 
 proportionate ('shun-at), adj. ad- 
 justed to something else according to 
 a certain rate : v.t. to adjust ac- 
 cording to a settled rate. 
 
 proportionately (-li), adv. in a pro- 
 portionate degree. 
 
 proposal (-poz'al), n. that which is 
 offered for consideration or ac- 
 ceptance ; offer of marriage ; terms 
 or conditions proposed. 
 
 propose (-poz'), v.t. to bring forward 
 or offer for consideration ; nominate 
 for election : v.i. to make an .offer 
 of marriage. 
 
 proposition (prop-o-zish'un), n. an 
 offer of terms ; proposal ; a complete 
 sentence, or one that affirms or de- 
 nies something; a theorem or prob- 
 lem for solution. 
 
 propositional (-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or considered as, a proposition. 
 
 propound (-pound'), v.t. to offer for 
 consideration ; put or set as a ques- 
 tion. 
 
 proprietary (-pn'e-ta-ri), adj. be- 
 longing to a proprietor or proprie- 
 tary : n. a possessor in his own 
 right; proprietors collectively. 
 
 proprietor ('e-ter), n. one who has 
 a legal right to anything; owner. 
 Fern, proprietress ; proprietrix. 
 
 propriety ('e-ti), n. conformity to 
 established rules or custom ; deco- 
 rum ; fitness. 
 
 propulsion (-puTshun), n. the act 
 of propelling. 
 
 propulsive ('siv), adj. having power 
 to propel. Also propulsory. 
 
 prorogation (-ro-ga'shun), n. the 
 act of proroguing. 
 
 prorogue (-rog'), v.t. to terminate 
 a session of ; to postpone. 
 
 prosaic (-za'ik), adj. like prose; 
 commonplace ; uninteresting. Also 
 prosaical. 
 
 prosaically (-al-li), adv. in a prosaic 
 manner. 
 
 prosaism ('za-izm), n. prosaic style. 
 
 proscenium (-se'ni-um), n. that 
 part of the stage from the curtain 
 to the orchestra. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pro 
 
 proscribe (-skrib'), v.t. to punish 
 with civil death ; outlaw ; interdict. 
 
 proscription (-skrip'shun), n. the 
 act of proscribing ; outlawry ; inter- 
 diction. 
 
 proscriptive ('tiv), adj. pertaining 
 to, or of the nature of, proscription. 
 
 prose (proz), n. ordinary spoken or 
 written language ; unmetrical com- 
 position : v.i. & v.t. to write or 
 speak tediously : adj. dull ; tedious ; 
 commonplace. 
 
 prosecute (pros'e-kut), v.t. to fol- 
 low or pursue with the view to reach 
 or accomplish ; accuse of a crime be- 
 fore a legal tribunal : v.i. to carry 
 on a legal prosecution. 
 
 prosecution (-ku'shun), n. the act of 
 prosecuting ; pursuit ; the institu- 
 tion and carrying on of a legal suit ; 
 prosecutor or prosecutors collective- 
 ly. 
 
 prosecutor ('e-ku-ter), n. one who 
 carries on a legal suit with another ; 
 one who pursues any purpose, &c. 
 Fern, prosecutrix. 
 
 proselyte ('e-lit), n. a convert to 
 some religion or belief, or party ; a 
 Gentile convert to the Jewish law 
 and belief: v.t. to proselytize. 
 
 prosclytisxn ('e-li-tizm), n. the act 
 of proselytizing ; conversion to a 
 creed or system. 
 
 proselytize (-tiz), v.t. to make a con- 
 vert of. 
 
 prosily (proz'i-li), adv. in a prosy 
 manner. 
 
 prosiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being prosy. 
 
 prosing ('ing), n. tedious minute- 
 ness ; dull talk. 
 
 prosody (pros'o-di), n. that part of 
 grammar that treats of quantity, ac- 
 cent, and the laws of versification. 
 
 prospect ('pekt), n. a view of some- 
 thing distant ; scene ; object of 
 view; expectation: v.t. (pro-spekt') 
 to search or explore, especially for 
 gold or valuable minerals. 
 
 prospective (-spek'tiv), adj. looking 
 forward ; acting with, or character- 
 ized bv, foresight ; in prospect. 
 
 prospectively (-li), adv. with regard 
 to the future. 
 
 prospectiveness (-nes), n. regard 
 for the future. I 
 
 pro 
 
 prospector (pros'pek-ter), n. one 
 who searches for valuable minerals. 
 
 prospectus (pro-spek'tus), n. an out- 
 line of a proposed undertaking; 
 sketch, or plan. 
 
 prosper (pros'per), v.t. to render 
 successful ; favor : v.i. to thrive ; 
 succeed. 
 
 prosperity ('i-ti), n. successful 
 progress in any business or enter- 
 prise ; good fortune. 
 
 prosperous ('us), adj. successful; 
 thriving. 
 
 prostate gland (prSs'tet), n. a pale, 
 firm glandular body, of chestnut 
 form, surrounding the neck of the 
 bladder and the urethra in the male. 
 
 prostitute ('ti-tut), v.t. to offer or 
 hire for lewd use ; devote to im- 
 proper purposes : adj. prostituted : 
 n. a lewd woman ; a base mercenary 
 or hireling. 
 
 prostitution (-tu'shun), n. the act 
 of a prostitute. 
 
 pros ti tut or ('ti-tu-ter), n. one who 
 prostitutes himself for any base ends. 
 
 prostrate ('trat), adj. lying at full 
 length ; extended on the ground ; ly- 
 ing at mercy as a suppliant : v.t. to 
 lay flat ; throw down ; bow in hum- 
 ble reverence. 
 
 prostration (-tra'shun), n. the act 
 of prostrating ; great depression ; ex- 
 haustion of the vital powers under 
 
 prostyle (pro'stil), n. a portico or 
 range of columns in front of a build- 
 ing ; a temple with a portico in front. 
 
 prosy (proz'i), adv. tedious; dull. 
 
 protean (pro'te-an), adj. readily as- 
 suming different shapes : from Pro- 
 teus, the sea deity of classic mythol- 
 ogy. 
 
 protect (-tekt'), v.t. to cover over; 
 defend ; shield ; shelter ; support. 
 
 protection ('shun), n. the act of 
 protecting; the state of being pro = 
 tected ; defense ; shelter ; security ; 
 passport ; encouragement of home in- 
 dustry by duties on imports, boun- 
 ties, &c. 
 
 protectionism (-izm), n. the doc- 
 trine that certain home industries 
 and produce should be encouraged 
 by the imposition of duties on for- 
 eign imports. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pre 
 
 protectionist (-ist), n. one who ad- 
 vocates or supports protectionism ; 
 one who opposes free trade unless it 
 be reciprocal. 
 
 protective ('tiv), adj. serving to 
 protect ; defensive. 
 
 protector ('ter), n. one who pro- 
 tects, especially from injury or op- 
 pression ; guardian. Fern, protec- 
 tress. 
 
 protectorate (-at), n. government or 
 defense by a protector. 
 
 protege (-ta-zha'), n. one who is 
 under the protection, guardianship, 
 or care of another. Fern, protegee 
 [French]. 
 
 proteids ('te-idz), n.pl. a class of 
 nitrogenous compounds, as albumen, 
 fibrin, casein, &c, which form ani- 
 mal tissue. 
 
 protein ('te-in), n. the gelatinous, 
 semi-transparent substance obtained 
 from albumen, fibrin or casein, the 
 essential principle of food. 
 
 protest (-test'), v.i. to affirm with 
 solemnity; make a solemn declara- 
 tion against some public act or meas- 
 ure ; remonstrate : v.t. to make a 
 solemn declaration or affirmation of ; 
 to declare formally to be insufficient- 
 ly provided for by deposit or pay- 
 ment : said of a note or bill of 
 exchange: n. (pro'test) a solemn 
 declaration of opinion against some- 
 thing; a document containing rea- 
 sons for dissent ; a formal declaration 
 by the holder of a bill of exchange 
 of its non-payment or non-accept- 
 ance by the drawer. 
 
 Protestant (prot'es-tant), n. a mem- 
 ber of any of those bodies of Chris- 
 tians that protest against the spirit- 
 ual supremacy of the Church of 
 Rome, originally one of the party 
 who adhered to Luther after the sec- 
 ond diet of Spires, 1529 : adj. per- 
 taining to Protestants or Protestant- 
 ism. 
 
 Protestantism (-izm), n. the doc- 
 trines or religion of Protestants. 
 
 protestation (-ta'shun), n. a formal 
 declaration of dissent; solemn affir- 
 mation. 
 
 prothonotary (-thon'o-ta-ri), n. a 
 chief clerk or notary; the principal 
 clerk or registrar in certain courts ; 
 
 pro 
 
 one of the chief secretaries of the 
 Papal Chancery. 
 
 proto, a prefix meaning first, as proto- 
 martyr, &c. 
 
 protocol ( 'to-kol ) , n. the rough draft 
 of a treaty, diplomatic despatch, &c. 
 
 protoplasm ('to-plazm), n. a semi- 
 fluid albuminous substance, regarded 
 as the ultimate basis of physical life, 
 from which all living organisms are 
 formed and developed. 
 
 protoplasmic (-plaz'mik), adj. per- 
 taining to, or formed of, protoplasm. 
 
 protoplast ('to-plast), n. the original. 
 
 protoplastic (-plas'tik), adj. first 
 formed. 
 
 prototype ('to-tip), n. the original 
 from which others are copied. 
 
 protoxide (-toks'Id), n. a compound 
 of one equivalent of oxygen with 
 one of another element. 
 
 Protozoa (-zo'a), n.pl. the first or 
 lowest division of the animal king- 
 dom containing animals of the sim- 
 plest type of organization. 
 
 protract (-trakf), v.t. to draw out 
 or lengthen in time ; prolong ; defer. 
 
 protracter ('ter), n. one who pro- 
 tracts. 
 
 protraction ('shun), n. the act of 
 protracting; delay; the act of lay- 
 ing down on paper the dimensions of 
 a plot of land, &c. 
 
 protractor ('ter), n. a mathematical 
 instrument for laying down angles 
 on paper : used in surveying, &c. ; 
 a surgical instrument for drawing 
 out extraneous bodies ; a muscle that 
 draws forward any part. 
 
 protrude (-trud'), v.t. to thrust out 
 or push forward : v.i. to shoot for-, 
 ward; project. 
 
 protrusion (-trii'zhun), n. the act 
 of protruding; the state of being 
 protruded. 
 
 protrusive ('siv), adj. thrusting or 
 impelling forward. 
 
 protrusively (-li), adv. in a protru- 
 sive manner. 
 
 protuberance (-tu'ber-ans), n. a 
 swelling ; a prominence ; tumor. 
 
 protuberant (-ant), adj. swelling; 
 prominent. 
 
 proud (proud), adj. having exces- 
 sive self-esteem ; arrogant ; ostenta- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pro 
 
 tious ; haughty ; spirited ; of lofty 
 mien; pleased; grand; gratified. 
 
 provable (proov'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being proved. 
 
 prove (proov), v.t. to ascertain or 
 try by an experiment or test ; estab- 
 lish or ascertain by argument or 
 other evidence; ascertain the genu- 
 ineness of ; experience ; endure ; try 
 by suffering; show or demonstrate 
 the accuracy of (a calculation). 
 
 proven ('en), adj. proved. 
 
 Provencal (pro-vang'sal), adj. per- 
 taining to, or from, Provence, 
 France, its language or its inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 provender (prov'en-der), n. dry food 
 for beasts, as hay, &c. 
 
 proverb ('erb), n. a short familiar 
 pithy saying, expressing some well- 
 known truth or common fact of ex- 
 perience ; adage. 
 
 proverbial (pro-ver'bi-al), adj. per- 
 taining to proverbs ; mentioned in, 
 or like, a proverb ; widely spoken 
 of or well-known. 
 
 provide (pro-vid'), v.t. to make ready 
 beforehand ; furnish ; stipulate as a 
 preliminary condition : v.i. to procure 
 supplies ; make preparations (with 
 for or against). 
 
 provided ('ed), conj. on condition. 
 
 providence (prov'i-dens), n. timely 
 care or preparation ; economy ; pru- 
 dence ; foresight and care of God for 
 his creatures ; an event directly 
 caused by the power of God. 
 
 Providence (prov'i-dens), n. God as 
 exercising his providence. 
 
 provident ('i-dent), adj. careful for 
 the future ; prudent ; economical. 
 
 providential (-den'shal), adj. ef- 
 fected by, or proceeding from, Divine 
 providence. 
 
 providentially (-li), adv. in a pro- 
 vidential manner. 
 
 province ('ins), n. a division of an 
 empire or state ; a dependent coun- 
 try ; region ; jurisdiction of an arch- 
 bishop ; proper office or business ; de- 
 partment of knowledge : pi. the coun- 
 try districts. 
 
 provincial (pro-vin'shal), adj. per- 
 taining to, or characteristic of, a 
 province ; rustic : n. one who belongs 
 to a province ; countryman. 
 
 pru 
 
 provincialism (-izm), n. an idiom 
 or dialect peculiar to a province. 
 
 provision (-vizh'un), n. the act of 
 providing ; the things provided ; 
 measures taken beforehand ; accu- 
 mulation of stores : pi. food : v.t. to 
 supply with food. 
 
 provisional (-al), adj. provided for 
 present use ; temporary. 
 
 provisionally (-li), adv. in a pro- 
 visional manner. 
 
 proviso (-vi'zo), n. a conditional 
 clause or stipulation in a deed. 
 
 provisory ('zo-ri), adj. conditional. 
 
 provocation (prov'o-ka'shun), n. 
 that which excites to anger or re- 
 sentment ; act of provoking. 
 
 provocative (pro-vok'a-tiv), adj. 
 tending to provoke ; inciting : n. 
 anything that tends to provoke*, in- 
 citement. 
 
 provoke (-vok'), v.t. to excite or 
 stir to action ; enrage or irritate ; ex- 
 asperate. 
 
 provost (prov'ust, or pro-vo'), n. 
 the head of a college ; superintendent 
 or president ; chief dignitary of a 
 cathedral ; chief magistrate of a 
 city or town (Scotch]. 
 
 prow (prou), n. the bow of a ship. 
 
 prowess ('es), n. bravery; valor. 
 
 prowl (proul), v.i. to wander stealth- 
 ily as for prey or plunder : n. a 
 roving for prey or plunder. 
 
 proximate (proks'i-mat), adj. im- 
 mediate. 
 
 proximately (-li), adv. immediately. 
 
 proximity (-im'i-ti), n. immediate 
 nearness in place, blood, or alliance. 
 
 proximo ('i-mo), adv. in or of the 
 next or coming month. 
 
 proxy ('i), n. [pi. proxies ('iz)L 
 the agency of a substitute ; the docu- 
 ment by which one person is author- 
 ized to act of vote for another. 
 
 prude (prood), n. a woman who af- 
 fects great reserve, coyness, and ex- 
 cessive virtue. 
 
 prudence (proo'dens), n. the quality 
 of being prudent; wisdom arplied 
 to practice. 
 
 prudent ('dent), adj. pract' sally 
 wise; careful of the consequences 
 of measures or actions ; judicious ; 
 cautious; circumspect. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; b5on, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pm 
 
 prudential (-den'shal), adj. proceed- 
 ing from, or influenced by, prudence. 
 
 prudery (proo'der-i), n. affected nice- 
 ness or scrupulousness in conduct ; 
 manners of a prude. Also prud- 
 ishness. 
 
 prud'homme (proo-dom'), n. in 
 France, one of a board of concilia- 
 tion of masters and workmen to set- 
 tle trade disputes. 
 
 prudish (proo'dish), adj. like a 
 prude ; affectedly precise, nice, or 
 scrupulous. 
 
 prune (proon), n. a dried plum: v.t. 
 to cut superfluous twigs or branches 
 from (a vine 1 bush or tree) ; trim. 
 
 prunella (proo-nel'a), n. a smooth 
 woolen stuff used for shoes and 
 gaiters ; a kind of dried plum. Also 
 prunello. 
 
 prurience ('ri-ens), n. the state or 
 quality of being prurient. Also 
 pruriency. 
 
 prurient ('i-ent), adj. having an 
 eager desire for, or characterized 
 by, lewdness; itching. 
 
 Prussian-blue (prush'an-bloo), n. a 
 rich blue color obtained from fer- 
 rocyanide of iron. 
 
 prussiate (prus'i-at), n. a salt of 
 prussic acid. 
 
 prussic acid ('ik as'id), n. hydro- 
 cyanic acid, a deadly poison. 
 
 pry (pri), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. pried, p.pr. 
 prying], to inspect closely or with 
 keen scrutiny : n. close inspection ; 
 impertinent peeping. 
 
 psalm (salm), n. a sacred song. 
 
 psalmist ('ist), n. a composer of 
 psalms, especially of any of the 
 Scriptural psalms. 
 
 psalmodist ('o-dist), n. one who 
 composes or sings psalms. 
 
 psalmody ('o-di), n. the art or prac- 
 tice of singing psalms. 
 
 Psalter (sawl'ter), n. the Book of 
 Psalms ; the Prayer Book version 
 of the Psalms. 
 
 psaltery (-i), n. a stringed musical 
 instrument, used by the ancient 
 Hebrews. 
 
 pseudo, a prefix meaning false, spu- 
 rious, as pseudoblepsis, false or de- 
 ceptive vision. 
 
 pseudonym (su'do-nim), n. a ficti- 
 tious name. 
 
 pub 
 
 pseudoscope ('do-skop), n. an optic- 
 al instrument which exhibits bodies 
 in reversed relief. 
 
 pshaw (shaw), inter j. an expression 
 of contempt, &c. 
 
 psychical (si'ki-kal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or connected with, the human 
 soul, spirit, or mind ; spiritualistic ; 
 psychological. Also psychic. 
 
 psychics (sik'iks), n. the science of 
 the mind ; the study of obscure men- 
 tal phenomena. Also psychism. 
 
 psychogenesis (-ko-jen'e-sis), n. the 
 development of mind as given in 
 consciousness. 
 
 psychological (-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to psychology. 
 
 psychologically (-li), adv. in a 
 psychological manner. 
 
 psychologist (Vjist), n. one skilled 
 in psychology. 
 
 psychology (-kol'o-ji), n. the science 
 of mental phenomena and their 
 classification and analysis ; mental 
 philosophy ; metaphysics. 
 
 psychometry (sl-kom-'e-tri), n. the 
 science of divining mental processes. 
 
 psychophysics (-fiz'iks), n. the sci- 
 ence which treats of the correlation 
 of mind and matter. 
 
 pteropod (ter'-o-pod), n. an individ- 
 ual of the Pteropoda, a class of 
 marine cephalopods having the foot 
 extended into a pair of wing-like 
 lobes adapted for swimming or sail- 
 ing. 
 
 Ptolemaic (tol-e-ma'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to Ptolemy, the Greek geog- 
 rapher and astronomer, or to his 
 system of astronomy which supposed 
 the earth to be the center or fixed 
 point of the universe, and that the 
 heavenly bodies moved around it. 
 
 ptomaines (to'ma-inz), n.pl. a class 
 of alkaloids of a highly poisonous 
 nature, originating in decaying or 
 dead matter. 
 
 puberal (pti'ber-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of, puberty. 
 
 puberty ('ber-ti), n. the age at which 
 the generative powers begin to be de- 
 veloped. 
 
 pubescence (-bes'ens), n. the state 
 or age of puberty ; soft, short, downy 
 hair. 
 
 pubescent Cent), adj. arriving at 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pub 
 
 the age of puberty; covered with 
 soft, downy hairs. 
 
 public ( pub'lik ) , adj. pertaining to a 
 nation, state, or community ; belong- 
 ing to the people ; circulating among 
 all classes ; open ; generally known ; 
 common to all ; open to general use : 
 n. the people in general. 
 
 publican ('li-kan), n. one who keeps 
 a public-house ; among the ancient 
 Romans, a farmer of the public rev- 
 enues ; a collector of tolls, tribute, or 
 customs. 
 
 publication (-li-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of publishing or making public ; the 
 act of publishing a book, &c. 
 
 public-bouse ('lik-hous), n. an inn; 
 tavern ; hotel. 
 
 publicist ('li-sist), n. a writer on in- 
 ternational law, or on current events 
 of political or social interest. 
 
 publicity ('lis-i-ti), n. the state of 
 being public ; notoriety. 
 
 publicly ('lik-li), adv. in a public 
 manner. 
 
 publish ('lish), v.t. to make known; 
 announce or proclaim ; divulge ; 
 print and offer for sale ; put into cir- 
 culation. 
 
 puce (pus), adj. dark-brownish pur- 
 ple. 
 
 Puck, n. a mischievous sprite or elf. 
 
 pucker ('er), v.t. & v.i. to gather into 
 small folds ; wrinkle : n. a small fold 
 or wrinkle. 
 
 pudding (pood'ing), n. a soft kind of 
 food made of flour and various in- 
 gredients ; an intestine stuffed with 
 meat, &c. ; quantity of yarns, mat- 
 ting, or oakum. 
 
 puddle (pud'l), n. a small pool of 
 dirty water ; clay worked together 
 with sand : v.t. to make muddy ; ren- 
 der watertight with puddle ; convert 
 (pig-iron) into wrought-iron. 
 
 pueblo (pweb'lo), n. [pi. pueblos 
 ('loz)], a building constructed of 
 adobe or sun-dried brick by the 
 Pueblo Indians of New Mexico. 
 
 puerile (pu'er-il), adj. pertaining to 
 children; juvenile; boyish; trifling. 
 
 puerility (-il'i-ti), n. the quality of 
 being puerile ; childishness. 
 
 puerperal ('per-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or following, childbirth. 
 
 puff (puf), n. a short quick blast: 
 
 puk 
 
 sudden forcible breath ; a fungous 
 ball filled with dust ; anything light 
 and porous or swollen ; a light kind 
 of tart ; exaggerated praise or adver- 
 tisement : v.i. to expel air from the 
 mouth with a sudden forcible blast ; 
 breathe quick and hard ; swell with 
 air ; blow in contempt ; move with 
 hurry : v.t. to drive with a puff : 
 swell, as with wind; praise in exag- 
 gerated terms. 
 
 puffer ('er), n. one who puffs; one 
 who praises in exaggerated terms ; 
 one who is hired to force up bids at 
 sales. 
 
 puffin ('in), n. a diving bird with a 
 short thick projecting beak, allied to 
 the auk. 
 
 puffing ('ing), n. exaggerated praise, 
 especially with the view to advertise- 
 ment ; quick and hard breathing : 
 p.adj. praising in exaggerated terms. 
 
 puffiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being puffy. 
 
 puffy ('i), adj. distended with air or 
 other light matter ; windy ; bombas- 
 tic; tumid. 
 
 pug (pug), n. a monkey; a small dog 
 with the face and nose like a bull- 
 dog ; imp or elf ; plastic clay : v.t. 
 [pt. & p.p. pugged, p.pr. pugging], 
 to line or fill up with plastic clay or 
 any other material. 
 
 pugging ('ing), n. the act or opera- 
 tion of working up clay for bricks ; 
 any substance to deaden sound be- 
 tween spaces. 
 
 pugh (poo), inter j. an exclamation of 
 contempt or disdain. 
 
 pugilism (pu'jil-izm), n. the art or 
 
 • practice of boxing or fighting with 
 the fists ; prize-fighting. 
 
 pugilist (-ist), n. a prize-fighter; 
 boxer. 
 
 pugilistic ( f ik), adj. pertaining to 
 pugilism. 
 
 pugnacious (pug-na'shus), adj. dis- 
 posed to fight ; quarrelsome. 
 
 pugnacity (-nas'i-ti), n. inclination 
 to fight ; quarrelsomeness. 
 
 puisne (pu'ne), adj. younger or in- 
 ferior in rank : said of judges. 
 
 puissance ('is-ans) , n. power ; 
 strength. 
 
 puissant (-ant) ,adj. powerful ; strong. 
 
 puke (puk), v.i. & v.t. to vomit. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pul 
 
 pule (pul), v.t. to whine. 
 puling (pul'ing), adj. whining; in- 
 fantile. 
 pull (pool), v.t. to draw towards one ; 
 pluck ; rend or tear ; drag or haul : 
 v.i. to tug : n. the act of pulling ; 
 struggle ; contest. 
 pullet ('et), n. a young hen. 
 pulley ('li), n. a small wheel turning 
 about an axis, and having a groove 
 in which a rope works. 
 pulmonary (pul'mon-er-i), adj. per- 
 taining to, or affecting, the lungs. 
 
 pulmonic (-mon'ik), adj. affecting, 
 or useful for, the lungs; consump- 
 tive : n. a medicine for diseases of 
 the lungs. 
 
 pulp (pulp), n. the soft fleshy part of 
 bodies, as of fruit ; any soft uniform 
 mass : v.t. to reduce to a soft mass ; 
 extract or separate the pulp from. 
 
 pulpiness ('i-nes), n. pulpy state. 
 
 pulpit (pool'pit), n. an elevated or 
 inclosed desk in a church from which 
 the sermon is delivered; preachers 
 or preaching. 
 
 pulpy (pul'pi), adj. consisting of, or 
 like pulp ; soft ; succulent. 
 
 pulque (pool'ka), a favorite Mexican 
 beverage made from the juice of the 
 agave. 
 
 pulsate (pul'sat), v.i. to throb or 
 beat. 
 
 pulsation (-sa'shun), n. a throb or 
 beat, especially of the heart. 
 
 pulsative ('sa-tiv), adj. beating or 
 throbbing. Also pulsatory. 
 
 pulse (puis), n. the rhythmic beating 
 of the heart or arteries ; vibration : 
 leguminous plants or their seeds, as 
 peas, beans, &c. : v.i. to beat or 
 throb, as the pulse. 
 
 pulsimeter (pul-sim'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument to ascertain the force or 
 movement of the pulse ; a sphyg- 
 mometer. 
 
 pulsometer (-som'e-ter), n. & kind of 
 steam-condensing vacuum pump. 
 
 pulu (pu'loo), n. a kind of vegetable 
 silk obtained from the fibers of a 
 fern-tree of Hawaii. 
 
 pulverization (pul-ver-i-za'shun), n. 
 the act of pulverizing. 
 
 pulverize (Ver-Iz), v.t. to reduce to 
 powder. 
 
 puma (pti'ma), n. a large cat-like 
 
 pun 
 
 carnivorous animal of America ; 
 mountain lion. 
 pumice (pum'is), n. a hard, light, 
 spongy, volcanic lava or rock. Also 
 pumice-stone. 
 pump (pump), n. a machine for rais- 
 ing water or other liquid ; a light 
 low shoe or slipper : v.t. to raise 
 (water or a liquid) by means of a 
 pump ; free from water by a pump ; 
 extract (information) by artful 
 questions. 
 
 pumpkin ('kin), n. a plant of the 
 gourd family and its fruit. 
 
 pun (pun), n. a play upon words : v.i. 
 [p.t. & p.p. punned, p.pr. punning], 
 to play upon words similar in sound 
 but having a different meaning. 
 
 punch (punch), n. a tool for stamp 
 ing or perforating ; a beverage of 
 rum, whisky, &c, water, lemon- juice, 
 and sugar ; a blow or thrust ; the 
 harlequin or buffoon of a puppet- 
 show ; Punchinello ; a short fat per- 
 son ; thick-set cart-horse : v.t. to per- 
 forate with a punch ; to strike with 
 the fist. 
 
 puncheon (pun'chun), n. a liquid 
 measure of 84 wine-gallons. 
 
 Punchinello ( punch-i-nel'o ) , n. the 
 thick-set, hump-backed figure in a 
 puppet-show. 
 
 punctate (pungk'tat), adj. dotted 
 with^small spots; pointed. 
 
 punctiform ('ti-form), adj. point- 
 shaped. 
 
 punctilio (-til'i-o), n. a nice point in 
 conduct or ceremony ; formal exact- 
 ness. 
 
 punctilious ('i-us), adj. very nice or 
 precise in conduct or ceremony ; ex- 
 act to excess. 
 
 punctual ('tu-al), adj. observing, or 
 done at, the exact time. 
 
 punctuality (-al'i-ti), n. the quality 
 of being punctual ; the characteristic 
 of keeping the exact time of an ap- 
 pointment or engagement. 
 
 punctually ('tu-fil-i), adv. in a 
 punctual manner. 
 
 punctuate ('tu-at), v.t. to mark with 
 points ; divide into sentences by 
 points. 
 
 punctuation (-a'shun), n. the act or 
 art of dividing sentences by points 
 or stops. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pun 
 
 puncture ('tur), n. a small hole or 
 wound made by a pointed instru- 
 ment : v.t. to make a hole in, or 
 pierce, with a pointed instrument. 
 
 pundit (pun'dit), n. a learned Brah- 
 man ; one versed in the Sanskrit lan- 
 guage, laws, and Hindu religion, 
 &c. ; a solemn pretender to learning. 
 Also pandit. 
 
 pang (pung), n. a rough sleigh. 
 
 pungent (pun'jent), fdj. stinging or 
 pricking ; piercing ; keen ; biting ; 
 sarcastic ; caustic. 
 
 Punic (pu'nik), adj. pertaining to the 
 Carthaginians, or to their language ; 
 treacherous ; perfidious. 
 
 punish (pun'ish), v.t. to cause loss 
 or pain to as a penalty for a crime 
 or fault ; chastise ; correct. 
 
 punishment (-ment), n. pain, loss, 
 or penalty, inflicted for a crime or 
 fault. 
 
 punitive (pun'i-tiv), adj. pertaining 
 to, or inflicting, punishment. 
 
 punster (pun'ster), n. one addicted 
 to, or skilled in, punning. 
 
 punt (punt), n. a flat-bottomed boat 
 for fishing : v.i. to play basset, om- 
 ber, or faro against the banker or 
 dealer. 
 
 puny (pu'ni), adj. [comp. punier, su- 
 perl. puniest], inferior in strength 
 or size ; weak ; feeble ; petty. 
 
 pupa (pu'pa), n. {pi. pupae ('pe)L a 
 chrysalis. 
 
 pupil ('pil), n. a young person who 
 is under the care of a tutor ; scholar ; 
 ward ; in law, a boy or girl under 
 the age or puberty ( 14 and 12 years 
 respectively) ; the opening in the 
 iris through which rays of light pass 
 to the retina. 
 
 puppet (pup'et); n. a small doll or 
 image, especially one moved by wires 
 in a mock drama ; one who is under 
 the influence and control of another. 
 
 puppy ('i), n. a whelp ; young dog; a 
 conceited young man. 
 
 purblind (per'blind), adj. seeing ob- 
 scurely. 
 
 purchase (per'chas), v.t. to obtain 
 by paying an equivalent ; acquire ; 
 buy ; expiate or recompense by a fine 
 or forfeit; obtain at the expense of 
 some sacrifice, labor, &c. ; move or 
 raise by the application of some me- 
 
 pur 
 
 chanical power : n. the act of pur- 
 chasing ; thing purchased or bought ; 
 mechanical advantage. 
 
 pure (pur), adj. [comp. purer, superl. 
 purest], free from moral or physical 
 defilement ; chaste ; unpolluted ; una- 
 dulterated ; clean ; holy ; real ; mere ; 
 absolute. 
 
 purely ('li), adv. in a pure manner; 
 absolutely. 
 
 pureness ('nes), 11. the state or qual- 
 ity of being pure. 
 
 purgation (-ga'shun), n. the act of 
 purging; the act of clearing from 
 imputed guilt. 
 
 purgative ('ga.-tiv), adj. serving to 
 purge. 
 
 purgatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to purgatory. 
 
 purgatory (per'ga-to-ri), n. in the 
 Roman Catholic Church, the state 
 after death in which the souls of the 
 faithful departed are purified from 
 venial sins by suffering : adj. cleans- 
 ing; expiatory. 
 
 purge (perj), v.t. to cleanse or free 
 from impurities or guilt ; make clear 
 or pure ; clear from accusation ; de- 
 fecate : v.i. to have frequent evacua- 
 tions : n. a cathartic medicine. 
 
 purging ('ing), n. diarrhea or dysen- 
 tery ; looseness of the bowels. 
 
 purification (pu-ri-fi-ka'shun) , n. the 
 act of purifying ; state of being puri- 
 fied ; ceremonial cleansing from guilt 
 or uncleanness. 
 
 purificative (pu'ri-fi-ka-tiv), adj. 
 able or tending to purify. Also puri- 
 ficatory. 
 
 purifier ('ri-fi-er), n. one who, or 
 that which, purifies. 
 
 puriform ('ri-form), adj. like pus. 
 
 purify ('ri-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.t. puri- 
 fied, p.pr. purifying] , to render pure ; 
 free from guilt or ceremonial un- 
 cleanness ; free from impurities, cor- 
 ruptions, or barbarisms. 
 
 Purim ('rim), n. a Jewish feast 
 (Feast of Lots) observed annually 
 to commemorate the deliverance of 
 the Jews (Esther ix.). 
 
 purism ('rizm), n. affectation in the 
 precise use of words in literary 
 style. 
 
 purist (pttr'ist), n. one who is scru- 
 pulously precise in matters of lit- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pur 
 
 erary style or the choice of correct 
 words. 
 
 puristic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining to 
 purism. 
 
 Furitau ('i-tan), n. one who pro- 
 fesses great purity in religious doc- 
 trine and practice, especially one of 
 a body of Nonconformists in the 
 16th and 17th centuries who insisted 
 on rigid adherence to the letter of 
 Scripture in points of doctrine and 
 practice : adj. pertaining to the Puri- 
 tans or their doctrine or practice. 
 Also puritanic, puritanical. 
 
 puritanically (-tan'i-kal-i), adv. af- 
 ter the manner of the Puritans. 
 
 puritanism ('i-tan-izm) , n. the doc- 
 trines and practices of the Puritans. 
 
 purity ('i-ti), n. the state or quality 
 of being pure ; chastity ; cleanness ; 
 freedom from adulteration ; freedom 
 from sinister motives, foreign idioms, 
 or barbarisms. 
 
 purl (perl), n. a warm spiced ale, or 
 gin ; an embroidered or puckered 
 border ; a stitch in knitting ; the con- 
 tinued murmuring sound of a shal- 
 low stream : v.t. to fringe or embroi- 
 der with a waved edging; invert 
 (stitches) in knitting: v.i. to ripple 
 or flow with a gentle murmur. 
 
 purlieus (per'luz), n.pl. adjacent dis- 
 tricts. 
 
 purlin ('lin), n. a piece of timber ly- 
 ing horizontally to support rafters. 
 Also purline. 
 
 purloin (-loin'), v.t. to steal. 
 
 purple ('pi), adj. of the color of 
 blended blue and red ; regal ; livid ; 
 dyed with blood : n. purple color ; 
 purple robe, originally worn only by 
 royalty ; imperial government ; car- 
 dinalate : v.t. to render, or dye, pur- 
 ple. 
 
 purport ('port), n. meaning; design; 
 signification : v.t. to mean or signify. 
 
 purpose ('pus), n. design; end or 
 aim desired : v.t. to intend or re- 
 solve ; design : v.i. to have an inten- 
 tion. 
 
 purposeful (-fool), adj. expressly in- 
 tended. 
 
 purposely (-li), adv. intentionally. 
 
 purr (per), n. the low murmuring of 
 a cat when pleased : v.t. to signify 
 
 pus 
 
 by purring : v.i. utter a low murmur- 
 ing sound. 
 
 purse (pers), n. a small bag or recep- 
 tacle for money ; sum of money ; 
 treasury : v.t. to pucker or wrinkle. 
 
 purser ('er), n. a commissioned offi- 
 cer having charge of the provisions, 
 clothing, and money of a ship ; pay- 
 master. 
 
 purslane ('Ian), n. an annual with 
 succulent fleshy leaves. 
 
 pursuant (per-su'ant),) adj. done in 
 consequence or « in prosecution of 
 anything ; agreeable : adv. in conse- 
 quence of. 
 
 pursue (-su'), v.t. to follow for some 
 end ; take and proceed in ; prose- 
 cute ; chase ; seek : v.i. to go on or 
 continue. 
 
 pursuer ('er), n. one who pursues. 
 
 pursuit (-suf), n. the act of pursu- 
 ing ; prosecution ; chase ; occupation ; 
 attainment. 
 
 pursuivant ('swi-vant), n. an at- 
 tendant or follower ; state messen- 
 ger. 
 
 pursy ('si), adj. fat, thick, and short- 
 winded ; asthmatical. 
 
 purulence (pu'roo-lens), n. genera- 
 tion of pus. 
 
 purulent (-lent), adj. consisting of, 
 or containing, pus. 
 
 purvey (per-va'), v.t. to provide; 
 procure : v.i. to purchase provisions. 
 
 purveyance ('ans), n. the procuring 
 of provisions ; provisions provided : 
 the right formerly accorded to roy- 
 alty of buying up provisions without 
 the owner's consent. 
 
 purveyor ('er), n. one who provides 
 provisions. 
 
 purview (Vu), n. extent; proviso; 
 body of a statute. 
 
 pus (pus), n. the white or yellowish- 
 white matter secreted in sores, &c. 
 
 push (poosh), v.t. to press against 
 with force ; urge forward ; drive by 
 pressure : v.i. to make a thrust or 
 effort ; press hard : n. a thrust ; 
 force applied : effort ; assault ; exi- 
 gence ; extremity ; persistent endeav- 
 or ; pustule or pimple. 
 
 pushing ('ing), adj. enterprising; en- 
 ergetic. 
 
 pusillanimity (pu-sil-a-nim'i-ti), n. 
 cowardice. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, npU boon, 
 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pus 
 
 pusillanimous (-an'i-mus), adj. cow- 
 
 ' ardly; mean-spirited; faint-hearted. 
 
 puss (poos), n. a cat: hare. Diminu- 
 tive pussy. 
 
 pustular (pus'tu-lar), adj. covered 
 with glandular pustule-like excres- 
 cence. Pustulate. 
 
 pustule ( 'tul ) , n. a small elevation of 
 the skin, or pimple containing pus. 
 
 put (poot), v.t. to place in, or bring 
 into, any state or condition ; cause ; 
 drive into action ; incite ; propose ; 
 apply ; lay or deposit ; throw in ; 
 state in language ; shoot out or send 
 forth ; in golf, to drive into a hole 
 with a short, careful stroke (put) 
 [p.t. & p.p. putting] : n. (put) in 
 golf, a short, careful stroke. 
 
 putative (pu'ta-tiv), adj. reputed. 
 
 putlog (poot'log), n. a short piece of 
 timber used for a bricklayer's plat- 
 form or in scaffolding. 
 
 putrefaction (pu-tre-fak'shun), n. 
 the act or process of putrefying ; 
 decomposition ; rottenness. 
 
 putrefactive ('tiv), adj. pertaining 
 to, or tending to, putrefaction. 
 
 putrefy ('tre-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 putrined, p.pr. putrefying], to cause 
 to rot or decay by the decomposition 
 of organic bodies ; rot ; corrupt : v.i. 
 to become putrid. 
 
 putrescence (-tres'ens), n. a putrid 
 state. 
 
 putrescent ('ent), adj. pertaining to 
 putrefaction ; becoming rotten. 
 
 putrescible ('i-bl), adj. liable, or 
 tending, to become putrid. 
 
 putridity (-trid'i-ti), n. putrid state. 
 Also putridness. 
 
 putter (put'er), n. in golf, a club 
 used for playing a short, careful 
 stroke. 
 
 puttock ('ok), a hawk or kite. 
 
 putty ('i), n. an oxide of tin, or of 
 lead and tin, used for polishing ; a 
 compound of whiting and linseed- 
 oil used in glazing : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 puttied, p.pr. puttying], to cement 
 with putty. 
 
 puzzle (puz'l), n. something that tries 
 the ingenuity, perplexes, or causes 
 embarrassment : v.i. to be puzzled : 
 v.t. to perplex; entangle. 
 
 pyemia, pyaemia (pi-e'mi-a), n. 
 blood-poisoning. 
 
 pyr 
 
 pygmean (pig-me'an), adj. dwarfish. 
 
 Pygmy ('mi), n. one of the fabled 
 dwarfish races near the ocean who 
 waged war with the cranes ; one of a 
 small race mentioned by Herodotus, 
 and found in Central Africa by H. 
 M. Stanley, the explorer. Also 
 Pigmy. 
 
 pyjamas, same as pajamas. 
 
 pyloric (pi-lor'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 the pylorus. 
 
 pylorus (-lo'rus), n. the lower and 
 right opening of the stomach leading 
 to the small intestines. 
 
 pyr, a prefix, meaning fire. Also 
 pyro, as pt/racanth, a plant with 
 flame-colored flowers ; pi/roscope, an 
 instrument for measuring the inten- 
 sity of radiating heat. 
 
 pyramid (pir'a-mid), n. a solid body 
 "standing on a triangular, square, or 
 polygonal base, having its triangu- 
 lar sides terminating in a point at 
 the apex : pi. sepulchral monuments 
 of such shape, as in Egypt ; a game 
 at billiards. 
 
 pyramidal (-am'i-dal), adj. shaped 
 like a pyramid. Also pyramidic, 
 pyramidical. 
 
 pyr ami die ally (-a-mid'i-kal-li), adv. 
 in the shape of a pyramid. 
 
 pyramoid ('a-moid), n. a solid re- 
 sembling a pyramid. Also pyrami- 
 doid. 
 
 pyre (pir), n. a funeral pile. 
 
 pyrites (pi-ri'tez), n. a native com- 
 pound of sulphur with iron, copper, 
 &c. 
 
 pyro, see pyr. 
 
 pyrocollodion (pi-ri-kol-lo'di-un), n. 
 a smokeless powder, used by Rus- 
 sia. 
 
 pyro-electric (-ro-e-lek'trik), adj. 
 becoming electric by the action of 
 heat. 
 
 pyromania (pi-ro-ma'ni-a), n. an in- 
 sane impulse to destroy by fire. 
 
 pyrometer (pi-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring the temper- 
 ature or expansion of bodies under 
 the influence of heat. 
 
 pyrosc*pe, see under pyr. 
 
 pyrotechnic (pl-ro-tek'nik) , adj. per- 
 taining to fireworks or the art of 
 making them. 
 
 pyrotechnics ('niks), n. fireworks 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
pyr 
 
 or the art of making them. Also 
 pyrotechny. 
 
 pyrotechnist ('nist), n. one skilled 
 in the manufacture of fireworks. 
 
 pyroxyline (-roks'i-lin), n. any ex- 
 plosive substance made by steeping 
 a vegetable fiber in nitric or nitro- 
 sulphuric acid and drying it after 
 washing it with water. Pyroxyle. 
 
 pyrrhic (pir'ik),w. a metrical foot of 
 two syllables ; an ancient Greek mil- 
 itary dance : adj. pertaining to such 
 a dance. 
 
 Pythian (pith'i-an), adj. pertaining 
 to Delphi, or to Apollo, or to the 
 priestess (pythoness) at Delphi. 
 
 Pythian games (gamz), n.pl. one of 
 the four great national games of an- 
 cient Greece, celebrated every 5th 
 year near Delphi, in honor of Apollo. 
 
 pythidse (pith'i-di or de), n.pl. a 
 family of heteronomous beetles. 
 
 pythogenic (pi-tho-jen'ik), adj. pro- 
 duced by filth or putrid matter, as 
 typhoid fever, &c. 
 
 pyx 
 
 Python ('thon), n. a genus of large 
 serpents ; the serpent or dragon slain 
 by Apollo. 
 
 python ('thon), n. a large non-ven- 
 omous serpent nearly allied to the 
 boa. 
 
 pythoness ('thon-es), n. the priestess 
 of Apollo, who gave oracular answers 
 at the temple of Delphi ; a witch. 
 
 pythonic (-thon'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to prophecy ; oracular. 
 
 pythonism (pith'o-nizm), n. the art 1 
 of predicting future events by divina- 
 tion, after the manner of the ancient 
 oracle at Delphi. 
 
 pyuria (pi-yu'ri-a), n. a diseased con- 
 dition in which the urine is charged 
 with pus. 
 
 pyx (piks), n. in the Roman Catholic 
 Church, the box or receptacle in 
 which the consecrated wafer or host 
 is placed ; the box in which selected 
 coins are placed at the mint to be 
 tested prior to their issue. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 D.42. 
 
 at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; htie, hut ; think, then. 
 
quack (kwak), n. the cry or* the 
 duck; a pretender to medical skill-; 
 charlatan : v.i. to cry like a duck : to 
 act or practice like a quack : adj. 
 pertaining to quacks or quackery. 
 
 quackery ('er-i), n. boastful preten- 
 sion to skill in medicine ; false pre- 
 tensions to any art ; imposture ; em- 
 piricism. 
 
 quackisk ('ish), adj. like a quack. 
 
 quad (kwod), n. the court of a col- 
 lege, prison, &c. ; a quadrat. 
 
 quadra ('ra), n. a square border or 
 fillet of an Ionian column. Prefix 
 meaning four. Also quadr, quadri, 
 quadru. 
 
 Quadragesima (-ra-jes'i-ma), n. 
 Lent. 
 
 Quadragesima Sunday (sun'da),w. 
 the first Sunday in Lent. 
 
 quadragesimal ('i-mal), adj. per- 
 taining to, or used in, Lent. 
 
 quadrangle ('rang-gl), n. an open 
 square surrounded by buildings ; a 
 plane figure with 4 angles and 4 
 sides. 
 
 quadrangular ('gu-lar), adj. having 
 the form of a quadrangle. 
 
 quadrant ('rant), n. the 4th part of 
 a circle, an arc of 90° ; an instru- 
 ment for taking elevations ; an in- 
 strument for elevating cannon. 
 
 quadrat ('rat), n. a piece of type 
 metal lower than the type, used to 
 fill void spaces in a line, pages, &c. 
 
 quadrate ('rat), adj. having 4 equal 
 sides and 4 right angles; raised to 
 the second power ; noting an aspect 
 of the heavenly bodies in which they 
 are distant 90° from each other : v.t. 
 & v.i. to square ; fit or correspond. 
 
 quadratic (-rat'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or involving, a square. 
 
 quadrature ('ra-tur), n. the act of 
 squaring ; the reduction of a figure 
 to a square, exactly or approximate- 
 ly ; the position of a heavenly body 
 when distant 90° from another : said 
 especially of the position of the 
 moon from the sun. 
 
 quadrennial (-ren'i-al), adj. com- 
 prising, or occurring, every 4 years. 
 
 quadrennially (-li), adv. once in 4 
 years. 
 
 quadrilateral (-ri-lat'er-al), n. a 
 plane figure with 4 sides and 4 an- 
 gles ; the area inclosed and defended 
 by four fortresses. 
 
 quadrille (ka- or kwa-dril'), n. a 
 dance by four sets of couples; a 
 game at cards played by four per- 
 sons. 
 
 quadrillion (kwod-ril'yun), n. in the 
 French system of numeration, fol- 
 lowed in the United States, a thou- 
 sand trillions ; in the English sys- 
 tem, the fourth power of a million, 
 or 1 followed by 24 ciphers. 
 
 quadroon (roon'), n. the offspring of 
 a mulatto and a white. 
 
 Quadrumana (-roo'ma-na), n.pl. an 
 order of mammalia, including the 
 monkey, &c. 
 
 quadrumanous ('ma-nus), adj. hav- 
 ing 4 hands. 
 
 quadruped ('roo-ped), n. a four- 
 footed animal : adj. four-footed. 
 
 quadruple (roo-pl), adj. four-fold: 
 n. a sum or quantity four times as 
 great as that taken as the standard : 
 v.t. to multiply by four : v.i. to in- , 
 crease four-fold. 
 
 quaestor (kwes'ter), n. in ancient 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
qua 
 
 Rome, the public treasurer ; in cer- 
 tain legislative assembles, an officer 
 in charge. Also questor. 
 
 quaff (kwaf), v.t. to drink or swal- 
 low in large quantities : v.i. to drink 
 luxuriously. 
 
 quagga (kwag'a), n. a South Afri- 
 can quadruped allied to the ass and 
 zebra. 
 
 quagmire (kwag'mir), n. wet, boggy 
 ground yielding under the feet. 
 
 quail (kwal), v.i, to sink in spirit or 
 by dejection ; lose heart ; cower : n. a 
 gallinaceous bird, allied to the par- 
 tridge. 
 
 quaiut (kwant), adj. singular and 
 antique; not expressed or shown in 
 the usual way ; odd ; neat. 
 
 quake (kwak), v.i. to tremble or 
 shake ; be agitated : n. a tremble or 
 shudder. 
 
 Quaker ('er), n. one of a religious 
 sect, the Society of Friends, founded 
 by Geo. Fox. Feminine Quakeress. 
 
 Quaker-gun (-gun), n. a wooden 
 gun mounted to deceive an enemy. 
 
 quaking ('ing), adj. trembling; shak- 
 ing : n. a shaking or tremor. 
 
 quakiness ('i-nes), n. shakiness. 
 
 quaky ('i), adj. shaky. 
 
 qualifiable ( kwal'i-f I-a-bl ) , adj. that 
 may be qualified. 
 
 qualification ( -fi-ka'shun ) , n. any 
 quality, endowment, or acquirement 
 which fits a person for any office or 
 occupation ; legal power or ability ; 
 limitation ; restriction. 
 
 qualificative ('i-fi-ka-tiv), adj. serv- 
 ing to qualify. 
 
 qualifier ('i-fi-er), n. one who, or 
 that which, qualifies. 
 
 qualify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. qual- 
 ified, p.pr. qualifying], to render fit 
 or capable for any office, occupation, 
 &c. ; render legally capable ; make 
 fit ; moderate ; limit : v.i. to become 
 qualified. 
 
 qualitative ('i-ta-tiv), adj. pertain- 
 ing to quality ; determining the na- 
 ture of component parts. 
 
 quality ('i-ti), n. {pi. qualities 
 (-tiz)], peculiar power or property; 
 attribute ; disposition ; rank ; supe- 
 rior birth. 
 
 qualm (kwam), n. a sudden fit of 
 sickness ; nausea ; scruple. 
 
 qua 
 
 quamash (kwa-mash'), n. an escu- 
 lent bulb eaten by the North Amer- 
 ican Indians. Also camass. 
 
 quandary (kwon'da-ri), n. a state of 
 difficulty or perplexity ; fix. 
 
 quantitative ('ti-ta-tiv), adj. per- 
 taining to quantity. Also quantitive. 
 
 quantify ('ti-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 quantified, p.pr. quantifying], to in- 
 dicate the quantity or extent of. 
 
 quantity ('ti-ti), n. that property of 
 anything that may be increased or 
 diminished ; any indeterminate bulk, 
 weight, or number ; large portion, 
 sum, or mass ; the measure of time 
 in pronouncing a syllable ; anything 
 that can be increased, divided, or 
 measured ; in logic, a general con- 
 ception. 
 
 quanti valence (-tiv'a-lens), n. the 
 combining power of an atom as com- 
 pared with hydrogen. 
 
 quantum ('turn), n. amount (Latin). 
 
 quarantine ( kwor'an-ten ) , n. the 
 time (usually 40 days) during which 
 a vessel from foreign parts suspected 
 of infectious disease is prohibited 
 from intercourse with the shore : v.t. 
 to place under quarantine. 
 
 quarrel ( 'el ) , n. an angry dispute ; 
 petty fight ; altercation ; ground of 
 dispute ; a square-headed arrow : v.i. 
 to dispute violently ; be at variance ; 
 disagree. 
 
 quarrelsome (-sum), adj. inclined 
 to quarrel ; contentious ; easily pro- 
 voked ; irascible. 
 
 quarried ('id), p.adj. dug from the 
 quarry. 
 
 quarrier ('i-er), n. one who works 
 in a quarry. 
 
 quarry ('i), n. a place where stone is 
 dug out for building purposes, &c. ; 
 game pursued by hawks or hounds : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. quarried, p.pr. quar- 
 rying] , to dig or take from a quarry. 
 
 quarryman, same as quarrier. 
 
 quart (kwort), n. 2 pints, or l-4th 
 of a gallon ; a sequence of 4 cards 
 in the game of piquet. 
 
 quartan (kwor'tan), adj. occurring 
 every fourth day, as ague, &c. 
 
 quarte (kart), n. a guard in fencing. 
 
 quarter (kwor'ter), n. the 4th part; 
 28 lbs. avoirdupois ; 8 bushels ; the 
 4th part of the moon's monthly 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
qua 
 
 revolution ; part of the globe ; par- 
 ticular county, region, or district ; 
 life granted to a captive or enemy ; 
 mercy ; after-part of a ship's side ; 
 one of the 4 points of the compass; 
 'in heraldry, one of the divisions of 
 a shield when divided crosswise : pi. 
 lodgings, especially for soldiers : v.t. 
 to divide into four equal parts ; fur- 
 nish with lodgings, as soldiers; sta- 
 tion ; bear as an appendage to he- 
 reditary arms. 
 
 quarter day (da), n. the day begin- 
 ning or ending each quarter of the 
 year, viz. : March 25, June 24, Sept. 
 29, Dec. 25, when payments of rent, 
 &c, are made. 
 
 quarter-deck (-dek),w. that part of 
 a ship which is abaft the mainmast. 
 
 quartered ('terd), p. adj. divided into 
 quarters ; stationed or lodged. 
 
 quartering (-ing), n. assignment of 
 quarters ; the division of a shield 
 containing many coats. 
 
 quarterly ('li), adj. consisting of, or 
 containing, a quarter : adv. once 
 each quarter of the year : n. a pub- 
 lication issued every quarter. 
 
 quartermaster ('ter-mas-ter), n. an 
 officer whose duty it is to assign 
 quarters and provide food, clothing, 
 forage, ammunition, &c, for a regi- 
 ment ; in the navy, a petty officer 
 who attends to the steerage, signals, 
 stowage, &c, of ships. 
 
 quartern ('tern), n. l-4th of a pint, 
 or of a bushel ; gill. 
 
 quarter-staff (-staf), n. a staff 6% 
 feet long and shod with iron, for- 
 merly used as a weapon of defense. 
 
 quartet (-tef), n. anything in fours; 
 musical composition in 4 parts for 
 4 voices or instruments. Also quar- 
 tette. 
 
 quarto ('to), n. [pi. quartos ('toz)], 
 a book having the sheet folded into 
 4 leaves. Abbreviated 4to. : adj. 
 having 4 leaves in a sheet. 
 
 quartz (kworts), n. a mineral com- 
 pound of pure silica. 
 
 quartzite ('it), n. quartz rock 
 
 quash. ( kwosh ) , v.t. to crush ; subdue 
 suddenly or completely ; annul. 
 
 quasi, a prefix meaning as it were, 
 apparently, nearly. 
 
 quassia (kwosh'i-a), n. a South 
 
 que 
 
 American tree yielding bark and 
 wood of excessive bitterness. 
 
 quatern (kwa'tern), adj. fourfold; 
 growing in fours. 
 
 quaternion (-ter'ni-on), n. the num- 
 ber 4 ; set of 4 ; a file of 4 soldiers : 
 pi. a calculus or method of mathe- 
 matical investigation. 
 
 quatrefoil ( ka/tr-f oil ) , n. in herald- 
 ry, four-leaved grass ; an ornamental 
 figure in architectural tracery di- 
 vided by cusps into 4 leaves. 
 
 quaver (kwa'ver), v.t. to shake or 
 tremble ; vibrate ; sing or play with 
 tremulous modulations : n. a vibra- 
 tion of the voice ; a musical note, 
 one-half a crotchet. 
 
 quay (ke), n. a wharf for loading or 
 unloading vessels. 
 
 quean (kwen), w.a worthless woman. 
 
 queasy (kwe'zi), adj. affected with, 
 or causing, nausea. 
 
 queen (kwen)., n. a female sovereign; 
 consort of a king ; sovereign of a 
 swarm of bees (queen-bee) ; a court 
 card with the figure of a queen ; a 
 piece in chess ; the best or chief of 
 her kind : v.i. to play the queen : v.t. 
 in chess, to make a queen of. 
 
 queen consort (kon'sort), n. the 
 wife of a reigning king. 
 
 queen do-wager (dou'a-jer), n. the 
 widow of a king. 
 
 queenliness ('li-nes), n. queenly 
 character or attributes. 
 
 queenly ('li), adj. like, or befitting, 
 a queen. 
 
 queen-post ('post), n. one of two 
 vertical timbers in a roof rising 
 from the tie-beam. 
 
 queen regnant (reg'nant), n. a 
 queen in her own right. 
 
 queen's counsel (-z-koun'sel), n. a 
 barrister holding a patent of preced- 
 ence from the queen. 
 
 queen's-metal (-met'al), n. an alloy 
 of tin, antimony, lead, and bismuth. 
 
 queen's- ware ('war), n. cream-col- 
 ored earthenware. 
 
 queer (kwer), adj. odd; singular; 
 droll ; strange ; out of health. 
 
 quell (kwel), v.t. to crush or sub- 
 due ; put an end to ; calm ; allay. 
 
 quench (kwench), v.t. to put out or 
 extinguish ; check ; allay. 
 
 querimonious (kwer-i-mo'ni-us) , adj. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
que f 
 
 complaining ; querulous ; discon- 
 tented. 
 
 querist (kwe'rist), n. one who asks 
 questions. 
 
 querl (kwerl), v.t.to coil. 
 
 querulous (kwer'oo-lus), adj. com- 
 plaining ; discontented. 
 
 query (kwe'ri), n. a question; an in- 
 quiry to be resolved ; a mark of in- 
 terrogation : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. queried, 
 p.pr. querying], to examine by ques- 
 tions ; doubt ; mark with a query : 
 v.i. to ask questions. 
 
 quest (kwest), n. search ; inquiry; 
 jury of inquest: v.t. to search or 
 seek for. 
 
 question (kwes'chun) , n. an inquiry ; 
 act of asking ; interrogation ; doubt ; 
 subject of discussion ; examination 
 by torture : v.t . to ask or interro- 
 gate ; examine by questions ; treat 
 as doubtful : v.i. to ask a question. 
 
 questionability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being questiona- 
 ble. Also questionableness. 
 
 questionable (-a-bl), adj. that may 
 be questioned ; doubtful ; suspicious. 
 
 questionably (-a-bli), adv. in a 
 questionable manner. 
 
 questor, same as quaestor. 
 
 quetzal (kwet'zal), n. an American 
 bird of paradise. 
 
 queue (ku), n. the tail of a wig. 
 
 quibble (kwib'l), n. a petty evasion 
 or cavil ; play on words : v.i. to 
 evade the truth by artifice or eva- 
 sion ; play on words. 
 
 quibbling ('ling), n. evasion. 
 
 quick (kwik), adj. rapid; hasty; 
 active ; nimble ; ready ; sharp in dis- 
 cernment ; sprightly ; precipitate ; 
 living ; pregnant : adv. quickly : n. 
 the living flesh ; sensitive parts ; a 
 hedge of growing shrubs. 
 
 quicken ('en), v.i. to impart life; 
 vivify ; show signs of life in the 
 womb : v.t. increase the speed of ; 
 to resuscitate ; stimulate ; cheer. 
 
 quickening (_'ning), adj. vivifying. 
 
 quicklime ('Km), n. lime burnt and 
 unslaked. 
 
 quickly ('li), adv. soon; swiftly. 
 
 quickness ('nes), n. speed; activity; 
 activeness of perception. 
 
 quicksand ('sand), n. sand easily 
 moved or readily yielding to pres- 
 
 qui 
 
 sure ; anything unreliable or treach- 
 erous. 
 
 quickset ('set), n. a living shrub, 
 especially the hawthorn, set to grow, 
 as for a hedge. 
 
 quicksilver ('sil-ver), n. fluid mer- 
 cury : v.t. to overlay with an amal- 
 gam of mercury and tin-foil. 
 
 quid (kwid), n. a plug of tobacco 
 for chewing ; a sovereign. 
 
 quiddity ('i-ti), n. [pi. quiddities 
 (-tiz)], the essence of anything; a 
 trifling nicety ; captious question. 
 
 quidnunc ('nungk), n. one who is 
 curious to know everything that 
 passes ; one who pretends to a 
 knowledge of current events. 
 
 quiesce (kwl-es'), v.i. to be silent. 
 
 quiescence ('ens), n. repose or rest; 
 mental quietude. Also quiescency. 
 
 quiescent ('ent), adj. reposing or 
 resting ; calm ; silent. 
 
 quiet (kwi'et), adj. free from mo- 
 tion, disturbance, or alarm ; still ; 
 calm ; peaceable ; gentle ; secluded ; 
 subdued and modest ; not showy : 
 v.t. to calm or pacify ; reduce to a 
 state of rest : v.i. to become quiet. 
 
 quietude ('et-ud), n. repose; tran- 
 quillity. 
 
 quietus (-e'tus), n. rest; death; final 
 settlement or discharge ; heavy blow. 
 
 quill (kwil), n. the large strong 
 feather of a bird's wing ; such feath- 
 er used as a pen ; a porcupine's 
 spine ; a weaver's spindle : v.t . to 
 plait or form with small quill-like 
 ridges. 
 
 quilt (kwilt), n. a kind of coverlet 
 or counterpane : v.t. to stitch to- 
 gether, as two pieces of cloth, &c, 
 with a soft material between. 
 
 quilting ('ing), n. the act or process 
 of making a quilt ; material for 
 quilting ; quilted work. 
 
 quinary (kwi'na-ri), adj. consisting 
 of, or arranged in, fives. 
 
 quinine (kwin'en or kwi'nin), n. an 
 alkaline substance obtained from the 
 bark of the Chinchona tree : used as 
 a febrifuge and tonic. 
 
 quinquagesima (-kwa-jes'i-ma), adj. 
 fiftieth. 
 
 Quinquagesima Sunday (sun'da), 
 n. the Sunday next before Lent. 
 
 quinque, a prefix meaning five, as 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
qui 
 
 qur 
 
 quinquereme, a galley with five 
 banks of oars. 
 
 quinquennial (-kwen'i-al), adj. re- 
 curring once in, or lasting, five 
 years. 
 
 quinsy ('zi), n. inflammation of the 
 tonsils of the throat. 
 
 quint (kwint), n. a set or sequence 
 of five. 
 
 quintal ('tal), n. a weight of 100 or 
 112 lbs. 
 
 quintan ('tan), adj. recurring every 
 fifth day : n. an intermittent fever 
 which recurs thus. 
 
 quintessence (kwin-tes'ens), n. the 
 pure concentrated essence of any- 
 thing; vital or essential part. 
 
 quintet (-tef), n. sl musical compo- 
 sition in five obligato parts. Also 
 quintette, quintetto. 
 
 quintillion (-til'yun), n. in the 
 French system of enumeration, fol- 
 lowed in the United States, a thou- 
 sand quadrillions ; in the English 
 system, a million raised to the fifth 
 power, expressed by a unit followed 
 by thirty ciphers. 
 
 quintuple ('tu-pl), v.t. to make five- 
 fold : adj. fivefold. 
 
 quip (kwip), n. a short sarcastic turn 
 or retort; jeer: v.i. [p.t. &^p.p. 
 quipped, p.pr. quipping], to scoff; 
 jeer. 
 
 quire (kwir), n. 24 sheets; an obso- 
 lete form of choir. 
 
 Quirinal (kwi-ri'nal), n. at Rome, 
 the royal palace. 
 
 Quirites (-rl'tez), n.pl. the ancient 
 Romans in their civil capacity. 
 
 quirk (kwerk), n. an artful evasion; 
 subterfuge; quibble; smart retort; 
 a light irregular air or melody. 
 
 quit (kwit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. quit or 
 quitted, p.pr, quitting], to depart 
 from; discharge (an obligation) ; 
 give up ; forsake : adj. set free. 
 
 quitch (kwich), n. couch-grass. 
 
 quittance (kwit'ans), n. discharge 
 from a debt, service, or obligation. 
 
 quite (kwit), adj. wholly; complete- 
 ly. 
 
 quiver (kwiv'er), n. 2L case for ar- 
 rows ; a trembling or shivering : v.i. 
 to tremble, shake, or shiver. 
 
 quixotic (kwiks-ot'ik), adj. chival- 
 rous or romantic to extravagance : 
 from Don Quixote, the hero of Cer- 
 vantes' romance. 
 
 quixotically (-al-li), adv. in a quix- 
 otic manner. 
 
 quiz (kwiz), n. an enigma or obscure 
 question designed to puzzle anyone ; 
 one who quizzes others : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. quizzed, p.pr. quizzing], to puz- 
 zle ; make fun of ; banter ; hoax ; 
 examine narrowly with an air of 
 mockery ; peer at. 
 
 quizzical ('i-kal), adj. given to, or 
 of the nature of, quizzing; comical. 
 
 quod (kwod), n. a quadrangle; 
 prison. 
 
 quodlibet ('li-bet), n. a nice point 
 or subtlety. 
 
 quoif, same as coif. 
 
 quoiffure, same as coiffure. 
 
 quoin (koin), n. a wedge used to sup- 
 port and steady a stone; external 
 angle of a building ; a wedge of wood 
 or metal to elevate a gun ; wedge- 
 shaped wooden block to tighten the 
 pages of type within the chase. 
 
 quoit (kwoit), n. a circular ring of 
 iron to be pitched at a fixed object : 
 pi. the game thus played. 
 
 quondam (kwon'dam), adj. former 
 [Latin]. 
 
 quorum (kwo'rum), n. the number 
 of members of a body or corporation 
 competent to transact business by 
 law or constitution. 
 
 quota (kwo'ta), n. the part or share 
 assigned to each. 
 
 quotation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
 quoting ; that which is quoted ; cur- 
 rent price. 
 
 quote (kwot), v.t. to adduce (a pas- 
 sage) from some author or speaker, 
 for authority or illustration ; give 
 the current price of. 
 
 quoth (kwoth), v.t. said. 
 
 quotha ('a), inter j. indeed! 
 
 quotidian (kwo-tid'i-an), adj. recur- 
 ring daily. 
 
 quotient ('shent), n.. the' number re- 
 sulting from the division of one 
 number by another. 
 
 quotum ('turn), n. share; proportion. 
 
 Quran, another form of Koran. . 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, tfften. 
 
raad (rad), n. a legislative assembly 
 [South Africa]. 
 
 rabbet (rab'et) , n. a groove cut longi- 
 tudinally in the , edge of a plank, 
 &c, so that another may fit into 
 
 . it : v.t . to groove and unite by a rab- 
 bet. 
 
 rabbi ('i or 'I), n. [pi. rabbis ('iz)], 
 a Jewish doctor or interpreter of the 
 law. Also rabbin. 
 
 rabbinic (-in'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 the rabbis, their doctrines, learning, 
 and language. Also rabbinical, n. 
 later Hebrew. 
 
 rabbinism ('in-izm), n. rabbinic 
 phraseology. 
 
 rabbinist ('in-ist), n. one who ad- 
 heres to the Talmud and the rab- 
 binic traditions. Also rabbinite. 
 
 rabbit ('it), n. a burrowing rodent 
 animal, esteemed for food and its 
 fur. 
 
 rabbit-warren (-wor'en), n. a place 
 where rabbits burrow and breed. 
 
 rabble ('1), n. a noisy crowd or mob, 
 especially of the lower orders. 
 
 rabid ('id), adj. mad; enthusiastic 
 to excess. 
 
 rabboni (ra-bo'ni), n. my master: 
 the highest title of distinction 
 among the ancient Jews. 
 
 rabies (ra'bi-ez), n. canine madness; 
 madness caused by the bite of a 
 dog ; hydrophobia. 
 
 raca (ra'ka.), adj. worthless: a term 
 of great contempt among the ancient 
 Jews. 
 
 raccoon (rak-oon'), n. a badger-like 
 animal of North America with a 
 valuable fur. Also racoon. 
 
 race (ras), n. a rapid course, as of 
 an animal or river ; contest of 
 
 speed ; career ; descent or lineage ; 
 breed or variety ; peculiar strength 
 or flavor ; root : pi. horseraces : v.i. 
 to run swiftly ; contend in running : 
 v.t. to cause to contend in a race. 
 
 raceme (ra-sem'), n. a flower cluster. 
 
 racemose (ras'e-mos), adj. growing 
 in racemes. 
 
 racial (ra'sial), adj. pertaining to 
 race or lineage. 
 
 racily ('si-li), adv. in a racy manner. 
 
 raciness (-nes), n. the state or quali- 
 ty of being racy. 
 
 rack (rak), n. an instrument for 
 stretching or straining ; an engine 
 for stretching the limbs to extort a 
 confession ; a frame in which arti- 
 cles are arranged ; a grating above a 
 manger for holding hay ; a straight 
 toothed bar working in the pinions 
 of a wheel ; an inclined plane on 
 which ore is washed and separated ; 
 thin, broken, vapory clouds ; entire 
 ruin : v.t. to stretch or strain forci- 
 bly on, or as on, the rack ; torture ; 
 wrest ; perplex ; exhaust ; decant or 
 strain off. 
 
 racket ,('et), n. a clattering noise; 
 a network bat used in tennis ; a 
 snow-shoe : pi. tennis : v.t. to make a 
 clattering noise ; frolic ; play tennis : 
 v.t. to strike, as with a racket. 
 
 racketing (-ing), n. noisy, confused 
 mirth. 
 
 racking-pace ('ing-pas), n. the pace 
 of a horse somewhat quicker and 
 shorter than an amble. 
 
 rack-rent ('rent), n. rent raised to 
 its utmost value. 
 
 racoon, same as raccoon. 
 
 racquet, another form of racket. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
vac 
 
 racy (ra'si), adj. having a strong fla- 
 vor ; mentally exciting ; piquant. 
 
 raddle (rad'l), n. a hedge of branches 
 interwoven : v.t. to interweave. 
 
 raddock ('ok), n. the robin red- 
 breast. 
 
 radial (ra'di-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or like, or using as, a ray; pertain- 
 ing to the radius of the forearm. 
 
 radiance ('di-ans), n. brightness 
 shooting in rays; brilliant bright- 
 ness ; splendor. Also radiancy. 
 
 radiant ('di-ant), adj emitting rays 
 of light or heat ; shining ; brilliant : 
 n. the point from which a shower 
 of meteors proceeds ; a straight line 
 proceeding from a given point about 
 which it revolves; the luminous 
 point from which light emanates. 
 
 radiate ('di-at), v.t. to send out as 
 rays: v.i. to emit, or issue forth in, 
 rays : adj. having rays. 
 
 radiation (-a'shun), n. the emission 
 or diffusion of rays of light or heat 
 from one luminous or heated body 
 to another. 
 
 radiator ('di-a-ter), n. the body from 
 which rays radiate ; a chamber, coil, 
 drum, &c, in an apartment, heated 
 by steam, hot air, or hot water, &c, 
 for radiating warmth into the apart- 
 ment. 
 
 radical (rad'i-kal), adj. pertaining to 
 the root or origin ; fundamental ; 
 original ; underived ; extreme : n. a 
 simple underived word ; letter be- 
 longing to the root ; one of the ultra- 
 liberal party ; the base of a chemi- 
 cal compound (also radicle). 
 
 radically ('i-kal-i), adv. essentially; 
 entirely. 
 
 radicate ( r i-kat), v.t. to plant deep- 
 ly and firmly : v.i. to take root : adj. 
 deeply planted or rooted. 
 
 radicel ('i-sel), n. a rootlet. 
 
 radicle ('i-kl), n. that part in the 
 embryo in the seed of a plant which 
 becomes the root ; in chemistry, the 
 same as radical. 
 
 radio-active (ra'di-o-ak'tiv), adj. 
 emitting Becquerel rays ; exhibiting 
 the properties possessed by radium. 
 
 radiofy (-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. radio- 
 fied, p.pr. radiofying], to cause to 
 become radio-active by exposing to 
 the influence of radium. 
 
 rag 
 
 radiograph (-graf), n. a picture ob- 
 tained by means of radiography : 
 v.t. to produce a likeness of by 
 means of radiography. 
 
 radiography (ra-di-og'ra-fi), n. the 
 art or process of producing pictures 
 by the action of Roentgen rays upon 
 certain sensitive salts. 
 
 radiometer (ra-di-om'e-ter), n. an 
 instrument revolving in a vacuum, 
 which under the influence of light 
 exhibits the energy of the solar 
 rays. 
 
 radish (rad'ish), n. a plant with an 
 edible root, used as a salad. 
 
 radium (ra'di-um), n. a radio-active 
 element recently ^discovered in pitch- 
 blende, possessing the property of 
 giving off luminous and actinic rays,- 
 accompanied by heat, without appar- 
 ent loss of energy or diminution in 
 bulk or weight. 
 
 radius (ra'di-us), n. [pi. radii (-1)], 
 a straight line from the center to 
 the circumference of a circle ; ex- 
 terior bone of the forearm ; ray of a 
 flower ; anything resembling a ra- 
 dius, as the spoke of a wheel. 
 
 radix ('diks), n. a root; a primitive 
 word ; base of a system of loga- 
 rithms. 
 
 raff (raf), n. a jumble; refuse; the 
 rabble. 
 
 raffle ('1), n. a kind of lottery in 
 which each participant deposits a 
 part of the value of a thing in con- 
 sideration of the chance of gaining 
 it : v.t. to dispose of by rafflle : v.i. 
 to take part in a raffle. 
 
 raft (raft), n. pieces of timber fas- 
 tened together for transport by 
 floating ; a floating wooden frame- 
 work : v.t. to carry on a raft. 
 
 rafter ('er), n. an inclined beam 
 supporting the roof of a house : v.t. 
 to form into, or furnish with, raf- 
 ters. 
 
 rafting ('ing), n. the business of 
 floating rafts. 
 
 raftsman ('man), n. a man who 
 manages a raft upon a river. 
 
 rag (rag), n. a fragment of cloth; a 
 low-class newspaper: pi. worn-out 
 or tattered garments ; mean dress. 
 
 ragamuffin ('a-muf-in), n. a low, 
 disreputable fellow. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rag 
 
 rage (raj), n. excessive and uncon- 
 trolled anger ; vehemence ; extreme 
 violence ; enthusiasm ; extreme de- 
 sire or eagerness : v.i. to be furious 
 with anger ; prevail fatally, as a dis- 
 ease ; be violently agitated, as the 
 sea ; ravage. 
 
 rageful ('fool), adj. full of rage. 
 
 ragg, same as ragstone. 
 
 ragged (rag'ed), adj. rent or worn 
 into rags ; clothed in tattered gar- 
 ments ; destitute ; rough ; jagged. 
 
 raging (raj'ing), p. adj. acting with 
 fury ; violent ; vehement ; frantic : n. 
 fury ; violence. 
 
 ragout (ra-goo'), n. a dish of stewed 
 and highly seasoned meat. 
 
 ragstone (rag'ston), n. any hard, 
 coarse-textured rock. 
 
 rag-time ('tim), n. syncopated time, 
 characteristic of negro melodies. 
 
 ragwort (rag'wert), n. a common 
 plant with jagged leaves. 
 
 raid (rad), n. a hostile or predatory 
 incursion : v.t. to make a raid upon. 
 
 rail (ral), n. a bar of timber or metal 
 extending from one support to an- 
 other ; wooden or iron fence ; a rail- 
 way ; a wading bird with a harsh 
 cry : v.i. to brawl ; use opprobrious 
 language ; scoff : v.t. to inclose with 
 rails ; despatch by rail. 
 
 railing ('ing), n. material for rails; 
 fence made of posts and rails : adj. 
 insulting or reproaching. 
 
 raillery ('er-i), n. good-humored 
 irony or satire ; banter. 
 
 railleur (-yer'), n. a banterer 
 [French]. 
 
 railway ('wa), n. a way or road laid 
 with two parallel iron or steel rails 
 along which cars are drawn by 
 steam power, electricity, &c. Also 
 railroad. 
 
 raiment (ra'ment), n. clothing. 
 
 rain (ran), n. water in drops dis- 
 charged from the clouds : v.i. to fall 
 in drops from the clouds ; drop like 
 rain : v.t. to pour down like rain. 
 
 rainbow ('bo), n. the bright-colored 
 arc formed in the heavens by the 
 refraction or reflection of the sun's 
 rays falling upon watery particles 
 in that part of the heavens opposite 
 to the sun. 
 
 rainfall ('fawl), n. the amount of 
 rain that falls on any given area. 
 
 raininess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being rainy. ^ 
 
 rainy ('i), adj. abounding with rain. 
 
 raise (raz), v.t. to cause to rise; 
 lift up ; elevate ; originate or pro- 
 duce ; promote ; rouse ; increase ; 
 construct ; levy ; collect ; cause to 
 appear ; cause to swell. 
 
 raisin (ra'zn), n. a dried grape. 
 
 rajah (ra'ja), n. a Hindu king, 
 prince, or chief. 
 
 rajpnt (raj-poot'), n. a Hindu of 
 royal descent or of the higher mili- 
 tary caste. Also rajpoot. 
 
 rake (rak), n. a toothed implement 
 for smoothing the soil ; a rascal ; in- 
 clination or slope ; that part of the 
 bow or stern of a ship that projects 
 beyond the keel : v.t. to gather or 
 smooth with a rake ; collect to- 
 gether ; scour ; fire upon, so as to 
 sweep the deck of a vessel in a 
 longitudinal direction : v.i. to slope 
 from the perpendicular. 
 
 rakish (rak'ish), adj. dissolute; de- 
 bauched. 
 
 rally ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rallied, 
 p.pr. rallying], to collect and ar- 
 range, as troops in confusion ; re- 
 unite ; attack with raillery ; banter 
 or satirize humorously : v.i. to re- 
 turn to order ; recover strength ; ex- 
 ercise raillery : n. the act of recover- 
 ing order, or of regaining strength ; 
 good humored satire; horseplay, as 
 in a pantomime. 
 
 ram (ram), n. the male of a sheep; 
 one of the signs (Aries) of the 
 zodiac ; a military engine for batter- 
 ing; a hydraulic engine; an iron- 
 clad with a steel beak : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. rammed, p.pr. ramming], to 
 push or press with force. 
 
 ramble ('bl), v.i. to wander or rove 
 about ; visit many places ; be desul- 
 tory : n. a roving or wandering from 
 place to place. 
 
 ramee (ra-me'), same as ramie. 
 
 ramenta (-men'ta), n.pl. the thin 
 brown scales which cover the stems 
 of ferns. 
 
 ramification (ram-i-fi-ka'shun), n. a 
 division or separation into branches ; 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awi ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rap 
 
 sub-division ; manner of producing 
 branches. 
 
 ramie (ram'e), n. grass-cloth plant, 
 or its fiber. 
 
 ramify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rami- 
 fied, p.pr. ramifying], to divide into 
 branches, or divisions : v.i. to shoot 
 into branches ; become divided or 
 sub-divided. 
 
 rammer ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, rams ; an instrument for for- 
 cibly driving anything ; a rod for 
 forcing down the charge of a gun. 
 
 ramose (ra'mos), adj. branched; 
 producing branches. Also ramous. 
 
 ramp (ramp), v.i. to climb like a 
 plant ; spring ; leap violently : n. sl 
 leap or bound. 
 
 rampage (ram'paj), v.i. to prance 
 about with unrestrained spirits ; be 
 furious : n. a state of excitement. 
 
 rampant ('pant), adj. overleaping 
 restraint or natural bounds ; in her- 
 aldry, standing upright on the hind 
 legs. 
 
 rampart ('part), n. a mound or wall 
 surrounding a fortified place ; pro- 
 tection from assault or danger : v.t. 
 to fortify with a rampart. 
 
 ramrod ('rod), n. a rod used for 
 ramming down the charge of a gun. 
 
 ramshackle ('shak-1), adj. loose; 
 out of repair. 
 
 ramus (ra'mus), n. a branch. 
 
 ran, p.t. of run. 
 
 ranch (ranch), n. a cattle-farm. 
 Also ranche, rancho [Mexican]. 
 
 ranchero (ran-cha'ro), n. a herds- 
 man [Mexican]. 
 
 rancid (ran'sid), adj. having a rank, 
 unpleasant smell ; sour or musty. 
 
 rancidity ('i-ti), n. rancid condi- 
 tion. Also rancidness. 
 
 rancor (rang'ker), n. implacable en- 
 mity : deep spite or malice. 
 
 rancorous (-us), adj. malignant; 
 spiteful. 
 
 rand (rand), n. an edge, margin, or 
 border. 
 
 randan (ran'dan), n. a boat pro- 
 pelled by three rowers, one in the 
 center using two oars and the oth- 
 ers one oar each. 
 
 random ('dum), n. want of direction 
 or method ; chance : adj. done hap- 
 
 hazard ; left to chance, or without 
 method. 
 
 ranee (ran'e), n. a Hindu queen or 
 princess; rajah's wife. Also rani, 
 rannee. 
 
 rang, p.t. of ring. 
 
 range (ranj), v.t. to set or arrange 
 in a row ; place in proper order : 
 rove over ; sail along in a parallel 
 direction : n. a rank or row ; order 
 or class ; space or room for excur- 
 sion ; extent of discourse or roam- 
 ing ; power ; an extended kitchen 
 grate ; distance to which a shot, &c, 
 can be projected. 
 
 ranger ( 'er ) , n. a rover ; the chief 
 official or keeper of a park or for- 
 est ; a variety of dog. 
 
 rank (rangk), n. a row or line, espe- 
 cially of soldiers placed abreast ; sta- 
 tion or position ; grade ; dignity ; 
 eminence : v.t. to draw up in line ; 
 include in a particular class, or 
 order, or division : v.i. to hold a 
 certain position : adj. luxuriant in 
 growth ; excessive ; coarse ; rancid. 
 
 rankle ('1), v.i. to grow more rank 
 or strong ; fester ; become mentally 
 disquieted or irritated. 
 
 ransack (ran'sak), v.t. to search mi- 
 nutely ; rummage ; plunder. 
 
 ransom ('sum), v.t. to free from 
 captivity, slavery, or punishment, by 
 a payment ; atone for ; redeem from 
 the bondage of sin : n. price paid for 
 release from captivity, &c, or for 
 goods captured by an enemy ; price 
 paid for procuring the pardon of 
 sin and the redemption of the sin- 
 ner. 
 
 rant (rant), v.i. to bluster or be 
 noisily wordy ; rave in extravagant 
 or violent language : n. noisy ; empty 
 declamation. 
 
 ranter <'er), n. one who rants; a 
 boisterous preacher. 
 
 rap ( rap ) , v.i. to strike a quick, sharp 
 blow ; knock : v.t. to strike sharply ; 
 n. a quick, sharp blow ; something 
 of no value. 
 
 rapacious (ra-pa'shus), adj. given to 
 plunder ; seizing forcibly ; subsisting 
 on prey ; greedy ; avaricious. 
 
 rapacity (-pas'i-ti), n. the quality of 
 being rapacious. Also rapacious- 
 ness. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon^ 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
rap 
 
 rape (rap), n. a seizing and carrying 
 away by force ; the seizure and car- 
 nal knowledge of a woman against 
 her will ; a plant of the cabbage 
 family, from the seeds of which an 
 oil, (colza oil) is expressed. 
 
 rapid (rap'id), adj. very quick or 
 swift ; expeditious : n.pl. a swift cur- 
 rent in a river where the channel is 
 descending. 
 
 rapier (ra'pi-er), n. a long thin 
 sword, used for thrusting. 
 
 rapine (rap'in, or 'in), n. the act of 
 plundering or seizing forcibly ; pil- 
 lage ; violence. 
 
 rapport (-por'), n. harmonious rela- 
 tion ; affinity. 
 
 rapprochement (ra-prosh'mang), n. 
 the act of coming together ; an 
 understanding. 
 
 rapscallion (rap-scal'yun), n. a ras- 
 cal. 
 
 rapt (rapt), p. adj. transported; rav- 
 ished. 
 
 Raptores (rap-to'rez), n.pl. an order 
 of birds characterized by the 
 strength of their claws and bills, in- 
 cluding the eagles, owls, &c. 
 
 raptorial ('ri-al), adj. pertaining to 
 the Raptores. Also raptorious. 
 
 rapture ('tur), n. extreme pleasure 
 or delight; ecstasy; enthusiasm. 
 
 raptured, same as rapt. 
 
 rare (rar), adj. [comp, rarer, superl. 
 rarest], scarce; uncommon; unusu- 
 al ; thinly scattered ; not dense ; ex- 
 cellent ; incomparable ; of loose tex- 
 ture ; almost raw. 
 
 rare-bit ('bit), w.a dainty morsel. 
 
 rarefaction (rar-e-fak'shun), n. the 
 act of rarefying or rendering less 
 dense. 
 
 rarefy (rar'e-fi), v.t. [p.i. & p.p. 
 rarefied, p.pr. rarefying], to make 
 rare, thin, or less dense ; expand : 
 v.i. to become less dense. 
 
 rarely ('li), adv. seldom. 
 
 rareness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being rare. 
 
 rare-ripe (rar'rlp), adj. ripe before 
 the usual season : n. an early fruit. 
 
 rarity ('i-ti), n. a rare article; ex- 
 ceptional excellence ; rareness. 
 
 rascal ('kal), n. a mean fellow; a 
 scoundrel ; one who is guilty of 
 mean offenses. 
 
 rat 
 
 rascaldom (-dum), n. rascals col- 
 lectively. 
 
 rascality ('i-ti), n. the state of be- 
 ing a rascal ; petty villainy or dis- 
 honesty. 
 
 rash (rash), adj. hasty; incautious; 
 precipitate ; acting without caution 
 or reflection : n. a slight cutaneous 
 eruption. 
 
 rasher ('er), n. a thin slice of ba- 
 con. 
 
 Has ores (ra-sd'rez), n.pl. an order 
 of birds, including the barn fowls, 
 pheasants, partridges, &c, who 
 scratch the ground in search of food. 
 
 rasorial ('ri-al), adj. pertaining to 
 the Rasores. 
 
 rasp (rasp), v.t. to rub with, or as 
 with, a rough instrument ; file with 
 a rasp : n. a kind of rough file. 
 
 raspberry (raz'ber-i), n. [pi. rasp- 
 berries (-iz)], a shrub and its well- 
 known fruit. 
 
 rasure (ra'zur), n. erasure. 
 
 rat (rat), n. an animal of the mouse 
 family but larger and more vora- 
 cious ; one who deserts his party ; a 
 workman who works during a strike, 
 or for less than the usual wages : v.i. 
 [p.t. & p.p. ratted, p.pr. ratting], to 
 desert one's party ; to act the rat, 
 said of a workman ; to catch rats. 
 
 ratable (rat'a-bl), adj. assessed at a 
 certain value ; liable to be assessed. 
 
 ratably ('a-bli), adv. proportionally. 
 
 ratan, same as rattan. 
 
 ratch (rach), n. a toothed bar into 
 which a click drops ; the wheel of a 
 clock which causes it to strike. 
 
 ratchet ('et), n. the detent which 
 stops a ratchet-wheel. 
 
 ratchet-wheel (hwel), n. a circular 
 ratch. 
 
 rate (rat), n. ratio or proportion; 
 price fixed or stated ; comparative 
 value ; degree ; a tax or assessment ; 
 speed at w T hich anything is done or 
 performed ; class of warship : v.t. to 
 estimate ; settle or fix the value, 
 rank, or degree of ; scold vehemently 
 and hastily : v.i. to make an esti- 
 mate ; be placed in a certain class or 
 rank. 
 
 rather (r&th'er), adv. sooner; more 
 willingly ; on the contrary ; prefer- 
 ably to the other. 
 
 ate, "arm, 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rat 
 
 ratification (rat-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of ratifying ; confirmation. 
 
 ratifier ('i-fi-er), n. one who ratifies. 
 
 ratify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ratified, 
 p.pr. ratifying], to approve and sanc- 
 tion ; settle or confirm ; establish. 
 
 ratio (ra'shi-o), n. [pi. ratios (-oz)], 
 the relation or proportion of one 
 thing or quantity to another. 
 
 ratiocinate (rash-i-os'i-nt), v.i. to 
 reason deductively ; argue. 
 
 ratiocination (-i-na/shun), n. the 
 act or process of reasoning ; deduc- 
 ing conclusions from premises. 
 
 ratiocinative ('i-na-tiv), adj. argu- 
 mentative. 
 
 ration (ra'shun), n. an allowance: 
 pi. allowance of provisions given per 
 man for daily subsistence : v.t. to 
 furnish with rations. 
 
 rational (rash'un-al), adj. agreeable 
 to, or consistent with, reason ; nei- 
 ther extravagant nor foolish ; wise ; 
 judicious. 
 
 rationale (rash-o-na'le), n. a series 
 of reasons assigned for any opinion, 
 action, &c. 
 
 rationalism ('un-al-izm), n.^ a sys- 
 tem or doctrine which, rejecting rev- 
 elation, makes reason the sole guide 
 in the interpretation of Scripture 
 and dogma. 
 
 rationalist (-ist), n.one who up- 
 holds or supports rationalism. 
 
 rationalistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, characteristic of, or like, ra- 
 tionalism. 
 
 rationality (-al'i-ti), n. the quality 
 of being rational ; power of reason- 
 ing ; reasonableness ; mental sanity. 
 
 rationalize ('al-iz), v.t. to interpret 
 as a rationalist ; convert to ration- 
 alism : v.i. to rely solely on reason or 
 as a rationalist. 
 
 rationally ('al-li), adv. in a rational 
 manner ; in accordance with reason. 
 
 ratlins (rat'linz), n.pl. small horizon- 
 tal ropes, extending over the shrouds 
 forming ladder-like steps. Also rat- 
 lines. 
 
 ratsbane (rats'ban), n. poison for 
 rats ; arsenious acid. 
 
 rattan (rat-an'), n. one of the long, 
 smooth, reed-like stems of several 
 species of palms ; a rattan walking 
 stick. 
 
 say 
 
 ratteen (-teen'), n. a thick woolen 
 quilted or twilled stuff. 
 
 rattinet (-in-ef), n. an inferior kind 
 of ratteen. 
 
 ratting ('ing), n. the act of deserting 
 one's party ; the act of catching 
 rats ; working for less than current 
 prices. 
 
 rattle (rat'l), v.i. to produce rapidly 
 sharp noises ; speak rapidly or nois- 
 ily ; ride rapidly : v.t. to cause to 
 make a rapid, sharp noise ; stun 
 with noise ; drive rapidly ; scold : n. 
 a succession of rapid, sharp noises ; 
 noisy, rapid, empty talk ; a child's 
 toy for rattling. 
 
 rattler (rat'ler), n. one who or that 
 which rattles ; a rattlesnake. 
 
 rattlesnake (-snak), n. a venomous 
 snake with hard bony rings on the 
 tail producing a rattling sound when 
 in motion. 
 
 rattling ('ling), adj. making a rapid 
 succession of sharp, noisy sounds ; 
 quick : adv. very : n. noise produced 
 by a rattle. 
 
 raucous (raw'kus), adj. hoarse. 
 
 ravage (rav'aj), v.t. to lay waste; 
 pillage ; plunder or sack : n. destruc- 
 tion by violence or decay ; devasta- 
 tion ; ruin. 
 
 rave (rav), v.i. to wander in the mind 
 or be delirious ; rage as a madman. 
 
 ravel (rav'l), v.t. to unweave or un- 
 twist ; involve or entangle : v.i. to be 
 unwoven or untwisted; busy one's 
 self with perplexities. 
 
 ravelin ('lin), n. a detached work 
 with two embankments making a 
 salient angle. 
 
 ravelings ('el-ingz), n.pl. threads de- 
 tached by untwisting. 
 
 raven (ra'vn), n. a large bird of the 
 crow family noted for its deep black 
 color : adj. raven-colored. 
 
 raven (rav'n), v.t. to obtain, or seize, 
 by violence ; devour with greediness 
 or voracity : n. violence ; plunder ; 
 prey. 
 
 ravening ('n-ing), n. eagerness for 
 plunder. 
 
 ravenous ('n-us), adj. devouring with 
 rapacity ; eagerly voracious ; eager 
 for gratification. 
 
 ravine (ra-ven'), n. a long, deep hol- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rav 
 
 low, worn by the action of a stream 
 or torrent ; mountain gorge. ' 
 
 ravish (rav'ish), v.t. to seize and to 
 carry away by force ; have sexual in- 
 tercourse with (a woman) by force 
 and without her consent; transport 
 with delight or rapture. 
 
 ravishment ('ish-ment), n. forcible 
 violation of chastity ; rape ; abduc- 
 tion ; transport ; rapture. 
 
 raw (raw), adj. uncooked; crude; 
 without skin ; sore ; not spun or 
 twisted ; in the natural state ; un- 
 tanned ; undiluted ; unripe ; inexperi- 
 enced ; cold and damp : n. a sore. 
 
 rawboned ('bond), adj. with little 
 flesh on the bones. 
 
 rawhide ('hid), n. a cowhide whip. 
 
 rawish ('ish), adj. somewhat raw. 
 
 ray (ra), n. a line or pencil of light 
 proceeding from a radiant point ; 
 light ; beam of intellectual light ; 
 perception or apprehension ; the out- 
 er whorl of a floret ; a radius ; a 
 cartilaginous fish of the genus Raia, 
 as the skate, &c. : v.t. to shoot forth, 
 as a ray : v.i. shine forth. 
 
 rayah (ra'ya), n. in Turkey, a non- 
 Mohammedan. 
 
 raze (raz), v.t. to level to the ground ; 
 blot out ; efface ; graze or shave. 
 
 razee (ra-ze'), n. a large warship cut 
 down to a smaller size and inferior 
 class. 
 
 razor ('zer), n. a sharp-edged cutting 
 instrument used for shaving. 
 
 razor-hill (-bil), n. the auk. 
 
 razure, same as rasure. 
 
 re, prefix noting repetition or retro- 
 grade action. 
 
 reach (rech), v.t. to touch with the 
 extended hand ; stretch forth ; arrive 
 at ; gain ; penetrate to ; include : v.i. 
 to be extended so as to touch; en- 
 deavor to obtain something ; the 
 power of reaching or attaining ; dis- 
 tance that can be reached; limit of 
 power or ability ; stretch of water 
 or stream. 
 
 read (red), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. read 
 (red), p.pr. reading], to observe and 
 apprehend the meaning of (some- 
 thing written, printed or inscribed) ; 
 peruse ; discover by observation ; 
 study : v.i. to perform the act of 
 
 reading; peruse written or printed 
 matter. 
 
 read (red), adj. well-informed or ac- 
 quainted with books. 
 
 readable (red'a-bl), adj. fit to be 
 read ; worth reading ; legible. 
 
 reader ('er), n. one who reads; one 
 who reads prayers in church ; a cor- 
 rector of the press ; a university lec- 
 turer ; a reading-book. 
 
 readily (red'i-li), adv. in a ready 
 manner ; quickly ; easily ; willingly. 
 
 readiness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing ready ; promptness ; cheerfulness. 
 
 reading (red'ing), adj. addicted to 
 reading : n. perusal of books ; lec- 
 ture ; public recital ; variation ; ver- 
 sion or interpretation of a particu- 
 lar passage in a book or MS. ; ob- 
 servation made by examining^ a 
 scientific instrument ; formal recital 
 of a bill by the proper officer before 
 a legislative assembly. 
 
 ready (red'i), adj. [comp. readier,' 
 superl. readiest], prepared at the 
 moment ; quick ; prompt ; fit for a 
 purpose ; willing ; near ; about to do 
 or be; dexterous. 
 
 real (re'al), adj. actually existing; 
 not fictitious ; genuine ; true ; per- 
 taining to things fixed, as lands or 
 tenements; not personal: n. (ra'al) 
 a Spanish coin = 5 cents (about). 
 
 real estate (es-tat), n. lands and all 
 appertaining to them. 
 
 realism ('al-izm), n. the representa- 
 tion of nature or social life as it 
 actually appears ; the doctrine that 
 the objects immediately known are 
 real existences. 
 
 realist (-ist), n. one who holds the 
 doctrine of, or practices realism. 
 
 realistic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining to 
 realism and realists. 
 
 reality ('i-ti), n. [pi. realities (-tiz)], 
 actual existence ; fact ; truth. 
 
 realization (-i-za'shun), n. the act 
 of realizing, or of making and be- 
 lieving real ; conversion of money 
 into real property, or the contrary. 
 
 realize ('al-iz), v.t. to bring into act 
 or being ; make real ; convert into 
 real property or money ; bring home 
 to one's self ; achieve ; complete. 
 
 really Cal-li), adv. with actual exist- 
 ence ; in truth. 
 
 flte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
rea 
 
 realm (relm), n. royal jurisdiction or 
 territory ; kingdom ; empire ; state. 
 
 realty ('al-ti), n. real estate. 
 
 ream rem), n. 20 quires, or 480 sheets 
 of paper; 516 sheets (printer's 
 ream ) . 
 
 reap (rep), v.t. to cut with a scythe, 
 sickle, or corn-cutting machine ; per- 
 form the operation of reaping; 
 gather in ; receive as a reward. 
 
 rear (rer), n. the part behind the 
 rest ; last in order ; background ; 
 that part of a fleet or army behind 
 the other : v.t. raise or lift up ; ex- 
 alt ; build ; educate ; bring to matur- 
 ity : v.i. to assume an erect posture : 
 adj. pertaining to the rear. 
 
 rear-admiral (-ad-mir-al), n. in the 
 United States navy, an officer rank- 
 ing next below the admiral ; in other 
 navies an officer ranking next below 
 a vice-admiral. 
 
 reason (re'zn) , n. that mental faculty 
 
 i in man which enables him to deduce 
 inferences from facts, and to distin- 
 guish between right and wrong; 
 right judgment ; efficient or final 
 cause; cause for opinion or act; 
 premise of an argument, especially 
 the minor : v.i. to exercise the faculty 
 of reason ; argue ; infer conclusions 
 from premises : v.t. to persuade by 
 reasoning; examine by the reason; 
 plead for. 
 
 reasonable (-a-bl), adj. endowed 
 with reason ; rational ; equitable ; 
 moderate ; fair. 
 
 reasonableness (-nes), n. the qual- 
 ity or state of being reasonable; 
 moderation. 
 
 reasonably (-a-bli), adv. in a rea- 
 sonable manner. 
 
 reasoning (-ing), n. the exercise of 
 the faculty of reason ; argumenta- 
 tion ; reasons adduced or employed. 
 
 rebate (-bat'), v.t. to make blunt; 
 make obtuse ; abate or diminish. 
 
 rebel (reb'el), n. one who revolts 
 from his allegiance or defies consti- 
 tuted authority : adj. rebellious : v.i. 
 (re-bel') [p.t. & p.p. rebelled, p.pr. 
 rebelling], to take up arms and re- 
 sist lawful or constituted authority ; 
 revolt; rise against authority. 
 
 rebeller ('er), n. one who rebels. 
 
 rebellion ('yun), n. insurrection 
 
 against, or open resistance to, law- 
 ful or constituted authority; revolt. 
 
 rebellions ('yus), adj. opposing law- 
 ful or constituted authority. 
 
 rebound (re-bound'), v.i. to start or 
 leap back ; re-echo ; to reverberate : 
 n. the act of rebounding; a leaping 
 or flying back. 
 
 rebuff (-buf), n. a beating back; 
 sudden check or resistance; defeat; 
 refusal: v.t. to beat back; repel; 
 check; refuse. 
 
 rebuke (-buk'), n. reprimand or re- 
 proof ; chiding ; chastisement : v.t. to 
 reprimand or chide ; chastise. 
 
 rebus (re'bus),w. [pi. rebuses (-ez)], 
 an enigmatical representation of a 
 word or phrase by pictures or figures 
 instead of words ; in heraldry, a 
 coat of arms bearing an allusion to 
 the name of the wearer. 
 
 rebut (re-buf), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. re- 
 butted, p.pr. rebutting], to beat 
 back ; oppose by argument or proof ; 
 repel : v.i. in law, to ' put in or re- 
 turn an answer. 
 
 rebuttal ('al), n. the act of rebut- 
 ting. 
 
 rebutter ('er), n. one who rebuts.; 
 the answer of a plaintiff to the re- 
 joinder of a defendant. 
 
 recalcitrant (-kal'si-trant), adj. re- 
 fractory. 
 
 recall (-kawl'), v.t. to call back; re- 
 member ; revoke ; withdraw : n. revo- 
 cation. 
 
 recant (-kant'), v.t. to withdraw or 
 retract ; abjure. 
 
 recantation (-kan-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of recanting; a declaration re- 
 calling and contradicting a former 
 one. 
 
 recapitulate (-ka-pit'u-lat), v.t. to 
 go over, or summarize (the chief 
 points or a discourse, argument, 
 &c). 
 
 recapitulation (-la'shun) , n. the act 
 of recapitulating. 
 
 recapitulatory ('u-la-to-ri), adj. re- 
 peating again in brief. 
 
 recaption (-kap'shun), n. reprisal. 
 
 recede (-sed')„ v.i. to fall back or re- 
 trograde ; retreat : v.t. to cede back 
 to a former possessor. 
 
 receipt (-set'), n. the act of receiv- 
 ing ; reception ; a recipe ; written 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
acknowledgment of anything re- 
 ceived : v.t. to give a receipt for ; 
 sign in acknowledgment of. 
 
 receivable (-sev'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being received. 
 
 receive (-sev'), v.t. to take or obtain 
 from another in any manner; ac- 
 cept ; obtain ; entertain ; gain knowl- 
 edge of ; suffer ; take in, as stolen 
 goods. 
 
 receiver ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, receives ; one who buys stolen 
 goods; a person appointed by a 
 court to manage property in contro- 
 versy. 
 
 recency (re'sen-si), n. lateness of 
 time; newness. Also recentness. 
 
 recension (re-sen'shun), n. review or 
 revision, especially critical revision 
 of the text of an author ; the text 
 thus revised and established. 
 
 recent ('sent), adj. of late origin or 
 occurrence ; new ; modern ; fresh ; 
 newly arrived ; subsequent to man's 
 existence. 
 
 receptacle (-sep'ta-kl), n. a vessel or 
 place into which anything is re- 
 ceived ; basis of a flower. 
 
 receptibility (-ti-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being receivable. 
 
 reception ('shun), n. the act of re- 
 ceiving ; the state of being received ; 
 welcome ; entertainment ; admission ; 
 formal or official receiving of a per- 
 son. 
 
 receptive ('tiv), adj. having the 
 quality of receiving or containing ; 
 capable of receiving mental impres- 
 sions. 
 
 recess (-ses'), n. withdrawal; state 
 of being in retirement ; seclusion ; 
 remission of business ; cavity in a 
 room or alcove ; niche. 
 
 recession (-sesh'un), n. the act of 
 receding or withdrawal ; cession 
 back. 
 
 recherche (re-sher-sha'), adj. un- 
 common ; rare ; exquisite ; choice. 
 
 recipe (res'i-pe), n. a medical pre- 
 scription ; formula for compounding 
 anything. 
 
 recipient (re-sip'i-ent), n. one who 
 receives : adj. receiving. 
 
 reciprocal ( 'ro-kal ) , adj. mutual ; 
 alternating ; mutually interchange- 
 able. 
 
 rec 
 
 reciprocally (-li), adv. mutually. 
 
 reciprocate ('ro-kat), v.t. to give 
 and receive mutually : v.i. to alter- 
 nate ; interchange. 
 
 reciprocating ('ro-ka-ting), adj. 
 moving backwards and forwards. 
 
 reciprocation (-ka'shun), n. inter- 
 change of acts ; reciprocal motion. 
 
 reciprocity (res-i-pros'i-ti), n. recip- 
 rocal obligation or right ; equal mu- 
 tual rights or benefits to be yielded 
 or enjoyed. 
 
 recision (re-sizh'un), n. the act of 
 cutting off. 
 
 recital (-sl'tal), n. the act of recit- 
 ing ; rehearsal ; narrative ; a musical 
 entertainment by one performer. 
 
 recitation (res-i-ta'shun), n. a public 
 reading ; delivery of a composition 
 committed to memory ; the composi- 
 tion so delivered. 
 
 recitative (-ta-tev'), adj. pertaining 
 to recitation ; words spoken in the 
 sounds of the musical scale; chant. 
 Also recitativo [Italian] : adj. ut- 
 tered musically; chanted. 
 
 recitatively ('li) adv. in a recita- 
 tive manner. 
 
 recite (re-sif), v.t. to repeat aloud 
 from memory ; enumerate ; rehearse ; 
 recapitulate. 
 
 reck (rek), v.t. & v.i. to care for; 
 heed. 
 
 reckless (Mes), adj. heedless of con- 
 sequences ; careless ; thoughtless. 
 
 recklessness (-nes), n. carelessness; 
 thoughtlessness ; heedlessness. 
 
 reckon ('n), v.t. to count or com- 
 pute ; number ; estimate by rank : 
 v.i. to calculate ; charge to account ; 
 make up accounts ; pay a penalty ; 
 reason with one's self and conclude 
 from argument ; think or suppose. 
 
 reckoning (-ing) , n. computation ; 
 calculation ; statement of accounts 
 between debtor and creditor; money 
 charged by a host ; estimated posi- 
 tion of a ship by its progress and 
 course. 
 
 reclaim (re-klam'), v.t. to call back; 
 demand the return of ; reform ; bring 
 under cultivation. 
 
 reclinate (rek'li-nat), adj. reclined, 
 as a leaf. 
 
 reclination (-na'shun), n. the act of 
 reclining. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rec 
 
 rec 
 
 recline (-kiln'), v.t. to cause to lean 
 or lie back ; lean to one side : v.i. to 
 rest or repose. 
 
 recluse (re-kloos'), n. one who lives 
 in retirement ; hermit ; anchorite : 
 adj. retired from the world ; soli- 
 tary; secluded. 
 
 reclusely ('li), adv. in a recluse 
 manner. 
 
 recluseness ( f nes), n. retirement 
 from society. Also reclusion. 
 
 reclusive ('siv), adj. affording re- 
 tirement from the world or society. 
 
 recognizable (rek'og-niz-a-bl), adj. 
 capable of being recognized. 
 
 recognizance (re-kon'i-zans), n. 
 avowal ; acknowledgment ; badge or 
 token; a legal obligation entered 
 into before a magistrate or court to 
 do, or abstain from doing, some par- 
 ticular act. 
 
 recognize (rek'og-niz), v.t. to know 
 again ; acknowledge ; avow ; admit 
 with a formal acknowledgment : v.i. 
 to enter into recognizance. 
 
 recognizer (-er), n. one who recog- 
 nizes. 
 
 recognizor (re-kon'i-zer), n. in law, 
 one who enters into a recognizance. 
 
 recognition ( rek-og-nish'un ) , n. the 
 act of recognizing ; the state of be- 
 ing recognized ; remembrance ; recol- 
 lection ; formal avowal. 
 
 recollect (-ol-ekt'), v.t. to call to 
 memory; (re-kol-ekf), to gather to- 
 gether again. 
 
 recollection (rek-ol-ek'shun), n. 
 memory ; that which is remembered. 
 
 recollective ('tiv), adj. having the 
 faculty of recollecting or remember- 
 ing. 
 
 recommend (-om-end'), v.t. to com- 
 mend to another; introduce favora- 
 bly ; advise. 
 
 recommendation (-en-da'shun) , n. 
 the act of recommending; favorable 
 introduction. 
 
 recommendatory ('da-to-ri), adj. 
 that recommends. 
 
 recommit (re-kom-if), v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. recommitted, p.pr. recommit- 
 ting], to commit anew; refer back 
 to a committee. 
 
 recommitment ('ment), n. the act 
 of recommitting; state of being re- 
 committed. Also recommittal. 
 
 recompense (rek'om-pens), n. an 
 equivalent given in return ; reward ; 
 compensation : v.t. to give back as 
 an equivalent ; make amends for ; 
 repay or requite. 
 
 reconcilable (-on-sil'a-bl), adj. ca- 
 pable of being reconciled. 
 
 reconcile ('on-sil), v.t. to restore to 
 friendship or favor after estrange- 
 ment ; adjust ; harmonize. 
 
 reconciliation (-sil-i-a'shun), n. the 
 act of reconciling ; the state of being 
 reconciled ; renewal of friendship ; 
 expiation or atonement. Also recon- 
 cilement. 
 
 reconciliatory ('i-a-to-ri), adj. tend- 
 ing to reconcile. 
 
 recondite ('on-dit), adj. deep; ab- 
 struse ; hidden from view ; secret. 
 
 reconnaissance (re-kon'a-sans), n. 
 the act of reconnoitering. 
 
 reconnoiter, reconnoitre (rek-o- 
 noi'ter), v.t. to make a survey of, 
 especially for military purposes ; ex- 
 amine for scientific purposes. 
 
 record (re-kord'), v.t. to remember, 
 or cause to be remembered ; register 
 or enroll; celebrate: n. (rek'erd) an 
 authentic memorial ; register ; for- 
 mal writing or copy of an official 
 document ; in sports, the best per- 
 formance : pi. public documents. 
 
 recorder (-kord'er), n. one who, or 
 that which, records; one whose offi- 
 cial duty is to register writings or 
 transactions. 
 
 recount (re-kount'), v.t. to go over 
 or narrate in detail. 
 
 recoup (re-koop'), v.t. to indemnify 
 or make good; diminish by keeping 
 back a part. 
 
 recourse (re-kors'), n. a going to for 
 aid or protection ; application of ef- 
 fort for a particular purpose or end. 
 
 recover (-kuv'er), v.t. to regain; re- 
 trieve ; cure ; obtain as compensa- 
 tion ; obtain by judgment in a court 
 of law ; cover again : v.i. to regain 
 health, strength, or any former 
 state ; be successful in a lawsuit. 
 
 recovery ('er-i), n. the act of recov- 
 ering ; restoration to health ; legal 
 right to something after judgment 
 of a court. 
 
 recreant (rek're-ant), adj. cowardly; 
 mean-spirited ; apostate ; false : n. a 
 
 fite, Urm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
rec 
 
 red 
 
 mean-spirited creature ; a coward ; 
 an apostate. 
 
 recreate ('re-at), v.t. to reanimate, 
 especially after toil; gratify: v.i. to 
 take recreation: v.i. (re-kre-af) to 
 create anew. 
 
 recreation (rek-re-a'shun), n. re- 
 freshment after toil, &c. ; amuse- 
 ment : n. (re-kre-a'shun), the act of 
 creating anew ; a new creation. 
 
 recreative (rek're-a-tiv), adj. rein- 
 vigorating. 
 
 recriminate (re-krim'in-at), v.i. to 
 return one accusation with another : 
 v.t. to accuse in return. 
 
 recrimination (-a'shun), n. the act 
 of recriminating. 
 
 recriminatory ('in-a-to-ri), adj. re- 
 torting an accusation or charge. 
 
 recrndescence (-kroo-des'ens), n. 
 the state of becoming sore again ; a 
 sharp relapse. 
 
 recrude scent Cent), adj. becoming 
 sore or raw again. 
 
 recruit (-kroot'), v.t. to supply with 
 new soldiers ; restore to health ; re- 
 pair by fresh supplies : v.i. to obtain 
 fresh supplies ; recover health : n. 
 a soldier newly enlisted ; supply of 
 any want. 
 
 recruiting ('ing), n. the enlisting of 
 recruits for the army. 
 
 rectangle ( rek'tang-gl ) , n. a 4-sided 
 figure with 4 right angles, or angles 
 of 90°. 
 
 rectangled (-gld), adj. having one or 
 more right angles. 
 
 rectangular ('gii-lar), adj. right- 
 angled. 
 
 rectifiable ( 'ti-f I-a-bl ) , adj. capable 
 of being rectified. 
 
 rectification (-fi-ka'shun) , n. the act 
 of setting right ; repeated distilla- 
 tion of a spirit to concentrate it or 
 render it purer ; reduction of a curve 
 to a right line. 
 
 rectify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. recti- 
 fied, p.pr. rectifying], to set right; 
 adjust ; refine by distillation. 
 
 rectilineal (-ti-lin'e-al), adj. bound- 
 ed by straight lines ; right- or 
 straight-lined ; straight. Also recti- 
 linear. 
 
 rectilineally (-i), adv. in a straight 
 line. 
 
 rectitude ('ti-tud), n. Tightness of 
 
 principles and practice ; honesty ; 
 moral integrity. 
 
 rector ('ter), n. a clergyman who has 
 the great and small tithes of a liv- 
 ing ; the headmaster of a public 
 school, or head of a university 
 [Scotch] ; the superior of a convent 
 or religious house. 
 
 rectorate ('ter-at), n. the office of a 
 rector. Also rectorship. 
 
 rectorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
 to a rector. 
 
 rectory ('ter-i), n. the house of a rec- 
 tor ; the benefice of a rector, with 
 the rights appertaining to it. 
 
 rectum ('turn), n. the lowest part of 
 the great intestine. 
 
 recumbency (re-kum'ben-si), n. the 
 state of leaning or reclining. Also 
 recumbence. 
 
 recumbent ('bent), adj. reclining; 
 idle. 
 
 recuperate (-ku'per-at), v.t. & v.i. to 
 recover. 
 
 recuperation (-a'shun), n. recovery. 
 
 recuperative ('per-a-tiv), adj. per- 
 taining to, or tending to, recovery. 
 Also recuperatory. 
 
 recur (-ker'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. re- 
 curred, p.pr. recurring], return to 
 the mind ; return ; happen at a 
 stated interval ; have recourse. 
 
 recurrence (-kur'ens), n. return; re- 
 sort. 
 
 recurrent ('ent), adj. returning re- 
 peatedly. 
 
 recurvate ('vat), adj. bent back. 
 
 recusancy (rek'u-z&n-si), n. noncon- 
 formity. 
 
 recusant ('ti-zant), adj. refusing to 
 acknowledge the royal supremacy in 
 religion ; nonconforming : n. a non- 
 conformist. 
 
 red (red), n. one of the primary col- 
 ors varying from scarlet to pink : 
 adj. red-colored. 
 
 redan (re-dan'), n. a V-shaped field- 
 work or rampart with the apex to- 
 wards the enemy ; a projection in a 
 wall. 
 
 redbreast (red'brest), n. the robin. 
 
 redcap ('kap), n. a kind of goldfinch. 
 
 redden ('n), v.t. to make red: v.i. to 
 become red ; blush. 
 
 reddish, ('ish), adj. somewhat red. 
 
 redeem (re-dem'), v.t. to ransom 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 D. 43. book; hue, hut; think, tfften. 
 
red 
 
 from bondage ; rescue ; make atone- 
 ment for ; perform ; recover ; make 
 good use of; ransom from sin and 
 its consequences. 
 
 redeemer ('er), n. one who redeems. 
 
 Redeemer, n, Jesus Christ, the Sa- 
 vior. 
 
 redemption (-demp'shun), n. repur- 
 chase ; release ; ransom ; freeing of 
 an estate from a mortgage ; salva- 
 tion of mankind by Jesus Christ. 
 
 redemptioner (-er), n. an emigrant 
 to the United States who sells his 
 services for a certain term, as pay- 
 ment for his passage out from Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 redemptive ('tiv), adj. pertaining 
 to redemption, or serving to redeem. 
 
 redemptory ('to-ri), adj. paid for 
 ransom. 
 
 redgum (red'gum), n. strophulus; a 
 lofty Australian gum-tree, yielding 
 a gum resin used in medicine. 
 
 redingote (-ing-gof), n. a long dou- 
 ble-breasted coat. 
 
 redivivus (-i-vi'vus), adj. come to 
 life again. 
 
 red-letter day ('let-er da), n. a 
 lucky day : from the Saints' days 
 printed in red-letter in the church 
 calendars. 
 
 redolence ('6-lens), n. perfume; fra- 
 grance. 
 
 redolent J'o-lent), adj. emitting a 
 sweet smell ; fragrant. 
 
 redoubt (re-douf), n. a field-work 
 for strengthening or fortifying a 
 military position without flanks. 
 
 redoubtable ('a-bl), adj. formida- 
 ble ; valiant ; terrible to enemies. 
 
 redound (-dound'), v.i. to tend or 
 contribute ; be in excess. 
 
 redowa (red'6-wa), n. a Bohemian 
 dance; music for such a dance. 
 
 redress (-dres'), v.t. to amend or set 
 right ; compensate ; relieve from ; to 
 dress again : n. the reparation of 
 wrong; relief. 
 
 redressible ('i-bl), ad/, capable of 
 being redressed. 
 
 redsear (red'ser), v.t. to break or 
 crack under the hammer, as iron 
 when hot. 
 
 redshank ('shangk), n. the red-leg- 
 ged sandpiper ; a Highlander. 
 
 red-snow ('sno), n. an Arctic lichen 
 or fungus. 
 
 redstart ('start), n. a small red- 
 tailed migratory song-bird. 
 
 red-tape ('tap), n. red-colored tape 
 used for tying official documents: 
 hence excessive official formality. 
 
 red-tapism ('izm), n. government 
 by strict official routine. 
 
 reduce (re-dus'), v.t. to bring into a 
 lower state : degrade ; diminish ; con- 
 quer; shorten; reclaim to order; 
 bring or change (numbers or quan- 
 tities) from one denomination into 
 another; bring into classes. 
 
 reducible ('si-bl), adj. capable of 
 being ^ reduced. 
 
 reduction (-duk'shun), n. the act 
 of reducing; the state of being re- 
 duced ; diminution ; conquest or sub- 
 jugation ; the changing of quantities 
 from one denomination to another ; 
 the process of converting a metallic 
 oxide into metal by the expulsion of 
 the oxygen contained in it. 
 
 redundance (-dun'dans), n. super- 
 fluity ; excess. Also redundancy. 
 
 redundant ('dant), adj. superfluous. 
 
 reduplicate (-dup'li-kat), v.t. to 
 double again ; repeat ; multiply. 
 
 reduplication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of reduplicating. 
 
 red-wing (red'wing), n. a kind of 
 thrush. 
 
 ree (re), n. a Portuguese and Bra- 
 zilian money of account, the 1,000th 
 part of a milree. Also rea, rei. 
 
 reed (red), n. a large, coarse grass, 
 of the genus Arundo, with jointed 
 hollow stems; a pastoral pipe; 
 mouth tube of a musical instru- 
 ment ; the comb-shaped part of a 
 loom which beats the weft up to the 
 web ; an arrow. 
 
 reef (ref), n. that part of a sail which 
 can be reduced by being drawn in 
 by small ropes running in eyelet 
 holes ; a chain of rock lying at or 
 near the surface of the water : v.t. 
 to reduce the size of (a sail) by 
 means of reefs. 
 
 reefer ('er), n. one who, for the pur- 
 pose of plunder, entices vessels in 
 distress by false signals to come 
 among rocks ; a midshipman ; a 
 rough kind of jacket. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Men. 
 
ree 
 
 ref 
 
 reek (rek), n. smoke; steam: v.i. to 
 emit smoke or steam. 
 
 reeky ('i), adj. smoky; made foul by 
 smoke or steam. 
 
 reel (rel), n. a turning frame for 
 winding yarn, &c. ; bobbin ; an an- 
 gler's implement for winding his 
 line upon ; a stagger ; a lively 
 Scotch dance : v.t. to wind on a 
 reel : v.i. to stagger ; perform a reel. 
 
 reeve (rev), n. a bailiff or steward; 
 the female of the ruff : v.t. to pass 
 the end of (a rope) through any 
 hole. 
 
 refection (re-fek'shun), n. a light 
 repast. 
 
 refectory ('to-ri), n. an eating room 
 or hall. 
 
 refer (-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. referred, 
 p.pr. referring], to submit to an- 
 other person or authority for infor- 
 mation, corroboration, or decision : 
 v.i. to allude ; have relation ; appeal ; 
 hint. 
 
 referable (ref'er-a-bl), adj. that may 
 be referred ; ascribable. 
 
 referee (ref-er-e'), n. one to whom 
 anything is referred for decision ; 
 an umpire. 
 
 reference ('er-ens), n. the act of re- 
 ferring ; allusion ; one who, or that 
 which, is referred to ; trial or deci- 
 sion by referees. 
 
 referential (-en'shal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or referring to, something 
 else. 
 
 referrible (re-fer'i-bl), same as ref- 
 erable. 
 
 «fine (-fin'), v.t. to separate from 
 impurities ; clear from dross ; pol- 
 ish ; educate or improve : v.i. to be- 
 come fine or pure ; improve in ac- 
 curacy or delicacy. 
 
 refinement ('ment), n. the act of re- 
 fining; state of being refined; ele- 
 gance ; polish ; purity of taste, mind, 
 morals, &c. ; affectation of elegant 
 or subtle improvements. 
 
 refinery ('er-i), n. [pi. refineries 
 (-iz)], a place where anything is 
 refined or purified. 
 
 refit (-fit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. refitted, 
 p.pr. refitting], to make fit for use 
 again ; prepare or fit afresh : v.i. 
 to repair damages, especially dam- 
 ages of ships : n. the renewal of that 
 
 which is damaged or worn, especially 
 of parts of a ship. 
 
 reflect (-flekt'), v.t. to throw back, 
 especially rays of light or heat after 
 striking on any substance : v.i. to 
 be thrown back, as rays of light, 
 &c. ; consider in the mind ; cast re- 
 proach or censure (with upon). 
 
 reflectible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
 being reflected. 
 
 reflecting ('ing), p.adj. making re- 
 flection ; thoughtful ; casting re- 
 proach or censure. 
 
 reflection (-flek'shun), n. the act of 
 reflecting ; state of being reflected ; 
 that which is reflected ; the turning 
 of thought back upon past experi- 
 ences or ideas ; attentive considera- 
 tion ; reproach or censure. Also re- 
 flexion. 
 
 reflective ('tiv), adj. throwing back 
 images or rays ; considering the 
 operations of the mind or things of 
 the past ; reflexive. 
 
 reflectively (-li), adv. in a reflective 
 manner. 
 
 reflectiveness (-nes), n. the power 
 or habit of reflection. 
 
 reflector ('ter), n. one who, or that 
 which, reflects ; a polished surface 
 reflecting rays of light or heat. 
 
 reflex ('fleks), adj. bent or turned 
 back ; directed backwards ; illumi- 
 nated by light reflected from another 
 part of the same picture ; noting the 
 action of the motor nerves acting 
 independently of the will under 
 stimulus from impressions made on 
 the sensory nerves : n. reflected 
 light, &c. 
 
 reflexibility (-i-bil'i-ti), n. the qual- 
 ity of being reflexible. 
 
 reflexible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing reflected. 
 
 reflexive ('iv), adj. reflective; hav- 
 ing respect to something past ; re- 
 ferring back to the grammatical sub- 
 ject. 
 
 reflux ('fluks), n. a flowing back. 
 
 reform (-form'), v.t. to make better; 
 change or return to a former good 
 state ; introduce improvement in or 
 change for the better ; amend ; cor- 
 rect ; form again or anew : v.i. to 
 abandon evil for that which is good ; 
 become better, or amended: n. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ref 
 
 ref 
 
 amendment ; change for the better, 
 especially political change; correc- 
 tion. 
 
 reformation (ref-6r-ma'shun), n. the 
 act of reforming; state of being 
 reformed ; amendment ; political re- 
 dress; the act of forming again or 
 anew. 
 
 Reformation, n. the great religious 
 movement (16th century) under 
 Martin Luther (with the). 
 
 reformative ('a-tiv), adj. forming 
 again. 
 
 reformatory ('a-to-ri), adj. tending 
 to reform : n. an institution for the 
 detention and reformation of juve- 
 nile offenders. 
 
 reformed (-f6rmd'), p.adj. restored 
 to a previous good state; amended, 
 as noting the Protestant churches. 
 
 Reformed Church (cherch), n. that 
 section of the Protestant Church 
 which on the Continent separated 
 from Luther, and adopted the the- 
 ology and ecclesiastical polity of 
 Calvin. 
 
 reformer ('er), n. one who effects a 
 reformation, religious, moral, or po- 
 litical. 
 
 refract (-frakf), v.t. to break the 
 natural course of, or bend from a 
 straight line. 
 
 refracted ('ed), p.adj. bent back at 
 an acute angle; bent from a direct 
 course. 
 
 refracting ('ing), p.adj. having the 
 power to turn rays from a direct 
 course. 
 
 refraction (-frak'shun), n. the 
 change from a straight line which 
 a ray of light or heat assumes when 
 passing through a smooth surface 
 into a medium of greater density at 
 any angle other than 90°. 
 
 refractive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
 refraction. 
 
 refractorily ('to-ri-li), adv. in a re- 
 fractory manner. 
 
 refractoriness (-nes), n. perverse 
 obstinacy; difficulty of fusion or 
 malleability. 
 
 refractory ('to-ri), adj. sullenly or 
 perversely obstinate; difficult of fu- 
 sion, &c. 
 
 refrain (-fran'), v.t. to restrain: 
 v.i. to forbear ; abstain from action : 
 
 n. burden of a song repeated at the 
 end of each stanza. 
 
 refrangibility (-fran-ji-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being refrangible. 
 Also refrangibleness. 
 
 refrangible ('ji-bl), adj. capable of 
 being refracted. 
 
 refresh (-fresh'), v.t. to revive after 
 fatigue or exhaustion ; reinvigorate ; 
 restore. 
 
 refreshing ('ing), adj. reanimating; 
 reinvigorating ; cooling. 
 
 refreshment ('ment), n. the act of 
 refreshing ; state of being refreshed ; 
 that which refreshes, as food or rest. 
 
 refrigerant (-frij'er-ant), adj. cool- 
 ing ; refreshing : n. a substance that 
 cools ; a cooling medicine. Also re- 
 frigerative. 
 
 refrigerate ('er-at), v.t. to cool, or 
 keep cool, as by a refrigerator. 
 
 refrigeration (-a'shun), n. act of 
 cooling. 
 
 refrigerator ('er-a-ter), n. an ap- 
 paratus or vessel for preserving or 
 cooling things by means of ice, &c. 
 
 refrigeratory ('er-a-to-ri), adj. cool- 
 ing. 
 
 refuge (ref'uj), n. protection from 
 danger or distress; shelter or asy- 
 lum; stronghold; expedient or re- 
 source. 
 
 refugee (-e'), n. one who flees for 
 protection, especially from political 
 or religious persecution. 
 
 refulgence (re-ful'jens), n. bright- 
 ness ; flood of light ; splendor. Also 
 refulgency. 
 
 refulgent ('jent), adj. casting a 
 bright light ; brilliant ; splendid. 
 
 refund (-fund'), v.t to pay back 
 again. 
 
 ref usable (-fuz'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being refused. 
 
 refusal ('al), n. the act of refusing; 
 rejection ; right to take the prefer- 
 ence; option. 
 
 refuse (-fiiz'), v.t. to deny or reject, 
 as a demand or request: v.i. to de- 
 cline to accept ; not to comply : n. 
 (ref'us), waste or worthless mat- 
 ter ; rubbish : adj. rejected ; worth- 
 less. 
 
 refutable (re-fut'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being refuted. 
 
 refutation (ref-u-ta'shun), n. the 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
act of refuting; that which is re- 
 futed. 
 
 refute (re-fuf), v.t. to prove to be 
 false or erroneous ; repel ; disprove. 
 
 regain (-gan'), v.t. to recover pos- 
 session of ; get back ; reach again. 
 
 regal (re'gal), adj. pertaining to, or 
 characteristic of, a king ; kingly ; 
 royal. 
 
 regale (-gal'), v.t. to entertain with 
 something to delight the senses ; 
 feast sumptuously : v.t. to feast. 
 
 regalia (-ga'lia), n.pl. the ensigns 
 of sovereignty, as the crown, &c. ; 
 royal rights or prerogatives ; decora- 
 tions of an order or office. 
 
 regard (re-gard'), v.t. to observe 
 particularly; heed; esteem; con- 
 sider ; respect ; value : n. attention ; 
 respect ; consideration ; reference : 
 pi. good wishes. 
 
 regardant ('ant), adj. in heraldry, 
 looking backwards or behind. 
 
 regardful ( 'fool ) , adj. taking notice. 
 
 regarding ('ing), prep, concerning. 
 
 regatta (-gat'a), n. a sailing or row- 
 ing match for prizes. 
 
 regelation (-jel-a'shun), n. the act 
 of freezing two pieces of ice with 
 moist surfaces together at 32° F. 
 
 regency (re'jen-si), n. the office or 
 jurisdiction of a regent ; a body in- 
 structed with the duties of a re- 
 gent. 
 
 regeneracy (re-jen'er-a-si), n. the 
 state of being regenerated. 
 
 regenerate ('er-at), v.t. to renew 
 the heart of and cause to turn to 
 the love of God ; produce anew : adj. 
 renewed ; reformed. 
 
 regeneration (-a/shun), n. the act 
 of regenerating; the state of being 
 regenerated ; formation of new tis- 
 sue to supply that which has been 
 lost. 
 
 regenerative ('er-a-tiv), adj. renew- 
 ing. 
 
 regeneratory ('er-a-to-ri), adj. hav- 
 ing the power to regenerate. 
 
 regent (re'jent), adj. exercising vi- 
 carious authority : n. one who gov- 
 erns in the interim during the mi- 
 nority, absence, or disability of the 
 sovereign ; a university teacher ; a 
 member of a board of superintend- 
 
 reg 
 
 ence of colleges and schools in the 
 state of New York. 
 
 regent-bird (-berd), n. an Austral- 
 ian honey-eater with handsome 
 plumage. 
 
 regicidal (rej'i-si-dal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a regicide or to regicide. 
 
 regicide ('i-sid), n. the murder, or 
 murderer, of a king. 
 
 regime (ra-zhem'), n. mode; system 
 or rule of government, social or 
 political. 
 
 regimen (rej'i-men), n. systematic 
 regulation of diet or habit ; rule ; 
 the grammatical regulation of one 
 word by another. 
 
 regiment (rej'i-ment), n. a number 
 of companies of soldiers united into 
 one body under the command of a 
 colonel. 
 
 regimental ( f al), adj. pertaining to 
 a regiment : n.pl. the uniforms worn 
 by the troops of a regiment. 
 
 regimentation (-men-ta'shun), n. 
 enforced socialism. 
 
 region (re'jun), n. a tract of land; 
 country. 
 
 register (rej'is-ter), n. an official 
 written record ; the book containing 
 such record; that which registers, 
 records, or regulates; a list of per- 
 sons entitled to vote; an organ 
 stop ; musical compass or range. 
 
 registrar (-trar), n. an official who 
 keeps a register or record. 
 
 registration (-tra'shun), n. the act 
 of inserting in a register. 
 
 registry ('is-tri), n. the place where 
 a register is kept. 
 
 regie t (reg'let), n. a flat, narrow 
 molding; a slip of wood used for 
 separating lines or filling blank 
 spaces in printing. 
 
 regnal ('nal), adj. pertaining to a 
 reign. 
 
 regnant ('nant), adj. reigning; ex- 
 ercising royal authority ; prevalent. 
 
 regression (re-gresh'un), n. retro- 
 gression. 
 
 regret (-pref), n. mental sorrow or 
 concern for anything, as for past 
 conduct or negligence ; remorse : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. regretted, p.pr. regret- 
 ting], to remember with sorrow; 
 bewail the loss or want of. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 e, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
reg 
 
 regretful ('fool), adj. full of re- 
 gret. 
 
 regretfully (-li), adv. with regret. 
 
 regrettable ('a-bl), adj. admitting 
 of, or causing, regret. 
 
 regular (reg'u-lar), adj. according 
 to rule, order, or established usage ; 
 consistent; governed by rule; uni- 
 form ; methodical ; exact ; fully 
 qualified ; having sides or surfaces 
 composed of equal figures or lines : 
 n. a soldier belonging to a standing 
 army; one who is under monastic 
 rule. 
 
 regularity (-lar'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being regular ; con- 
 formity to rule ; uniformity ; method 
 or certain order. 
 
 regulate ('u-lat), v.t. to make regu- 
 lar; put in good order; adjust by 
 rule. 
 
 regulation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
 regulating ; order ; method ; rule. 
 
 regulator ('u-la-ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, regulates ; a lever for 
 regulating motion ; lever of a watch ; 
 an accurate timepiece. 
 
 regulus ('u-lus), n. a metal contain- 
 ing more or less impurities of the 
 ore. 
 
 regurgitate (re-ger'i-tat), v.i. to be 
 thrown or poured back. 
 
 rehearsal (-her'sal), n. a recital in 
 private prior to a public perform- 
 ance. 
 
 rehearse (-Mrs'), v.t. to repeat, as 
 what has already been said or writ- 
 ten ; tell or narrate ; recite before 
 public performance. 
 
 Reichsrath (nkhs'rat), n. the par- 
 liament of the Austrian empire. 
 
 Reichstag ('takh), n. the German 
 parliament. 
 
 reign (ran), v.i. to exercise sovereign 
 authority ; rule ; be predominant : n. 
 supreme power or influence ; time 
 during which a sovereign rules. 
 
 reimburse ( re-im-bers' ) , v.t. to re- 
 fund. 
 
 reimbursement ('ment), n. refund- 
 ing. 
 
 rein (ran), n. the strap of a bridle; 
 an instrument for curbing, restrain- 
 ing, or governing ; power : pi. < the 
 kidneys, or parts atyout them ; loins ; 
 the heart [Old Testament] : v.t. to 
 
 rel 
 
 govern with a bridle ; restrain ; con- 
 trol : v.i. to check a horse with the 
 reins. 
 
 reindeer ('der), n. a large Arctic 
 deer. 
 
 reinforce (re-in-fors'), v.t. to sup- 
 ply with new strength, support, or 
 assistance. 
 
 reinforcement ('ment), n. addi- 
 tional support. 
 
 reinstate (-in-stat'), v.t. to restore 
 to a former state. 
 
 reiteration (-it-er-a'shun), n. repe- 
 tition. 
 
 reiterative (-it'er-a-tiv), n. a word 
 or part of a word reduplicated ; a 
 verb noting reproduction or inten- 
 sive action. 
 
 reject (re-jekt'), v.t. to throw away 
 as useless or vile ; refuse ; renounce ; 
 discard. 
 
 rejective (-jek'tiv), adj. tending to 
 reject. 
 
 rejection ('shun), n. the act of re- 
 jecting. 
 
 rejoice (-jois'), v.i. to feel or express 
 joy or gladness ; exult : v.t. to make 
 joyful. 
 
 rejoicing ('ing), n. expression, sub- 
 ject, or experience, of joy or glad- 
 ness. 
 
 rejoin (-join'), v.t. to unite again 
 after separation : v.i. to answer a 
 reply ; answer as the defendant to 
 the plaintiff's replication. 
 
 rejoinder ('der), n. an answer to a 
 reply ; in law, the defendant's an- 
 swer to the plaintiff's replication. 
 
 relais (-la'), n. a narrow walk with- 
 out the rampart of a fortification. 
 
 relapse (-laps'), v.i. to fall back from 
 a state of convalescence ; return to 
 a former bad state or habit : n. a 
 falling into a former bad state ; re- 
 turn of a disease after convalescence 
 or partial recovery. 
 
 relapsing ('ing), p.adj. subject to 
 relapse. 
 
 relate (-laf), v.t. to tell; describe; 
 recite ; narrate : v.i. to refer. 
 
 related (-la/ted), p.adj. told or de- 
 scribed ; allied by kindred or blood 
 relationship. 
 
 relation (-la'shun), n. the act of re- 
 lating ; the thing related ; mutual 
 connection between two or more 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
rel 
 
 rel 
 
 things ; proportion or ratio ; connec- 
 tion by birth or marriage; kinsman 
 or kinswoman. 
 
 relationship (-ship), n. the state of 
 being related by kindred, affinity, or 
 other alliance. 
 
 relative (rel'a-tiv), adj. having, or 
 expressing, relation ; pertinent ; be- 
 longing to or connected with ; re- 
 lating to a word, sentence, or clause : 
 n. that which has relation to some- 
 thing else ; a person connected by 
 kinship or consanguinity ; a word 
 which relates to its antecedent. 
 
 relatively (-li), adv. comparatively. 
 
 relativeness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being relative. Also rela- 
 tivity. 
 
 relator (re-la'ter), n. one who re- 
 lates ; a prosecutor. 
 
 relax (-lakV), v.t. to slacken; make 
 less close ; render less tense, rigor- 
 ous, or severe ; divert, as the mind ; 
 loosen, as the bowels ; make lan- 
 guid : v.i. to take relaxation ; become 
 less severe or close. 
 
 relaxation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
 relaxing ; state of being relaxed ; 
 diminution of tension ; diversion or 
 recreation. 
 
 relay (-la'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. relaid, 
 p.pr. relaying], to lay a second 
 time : n. fresh post-horses or hunting 
 dogs to relieve others ; new supply ; 
 a subsidiary electric circuit. 
 
 release (-leV), v.t. to set free; dis- 
 charge ; free from obligation or pen- 
 alty : n. liberation from restraint, 
 penalty, pain, &c. ; discharge from 
 an obligation. 
 
 relegate (rel'e-gat), v.t. to banish; 
 consign. 
 
 relegation (-ga'shun), n. the act of 
 relegating. 
 
 relent (-lent'), v.i. to grow less hard 
 or severe ; become more tender ; yield. 
 
 relenting ('ing), n. the act of becom- 
 ing less hard or more tender or com- 
 passionate. 
 
 relessee (-les-e f ), n. the person to 
 whom a deed of release is granted. 
 Also releasee. 
 
 relessor ('er), n. the person who 
 grants a deed of release. 
 
 relevancy (rel'e- van-si), n. applica- 
 bility ; pertinence. Also relevance. 
 
 relevant ('e-vant), adj. applicable; 
 related ; pertinent. 
 
 reliability (re-li-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state of being reliable. Also relia- 
 bleness. 
 
 reliable (Ti-bl), adj. trustworthy. 
 
 reliably ('a-bli), adv. so as to be re- 
 lied on. 
 
 reliance ('ans), n. confidence; trust. 
 
 reliant ('ant), adj. having reliance. 
 
 relic (rel'ik), n. that which is left 
 after the loss or decay of the rest ; 
 memorial or souvenir ; remains of a 
 person deceased ; body or other me- 
 morial of a saint held in religious 
 reverence. 
 
 relict ('ikt), n. a widow. 
 
 relief (re-lef), n. that which miti- 
 gates pain, grief, &c. ; release from 
 some post of duty ; assistance given 
 to the poor ; aid ; redress ; the pro- 
 jection of a sculptured design from 
 the plane surface. 
 
 relier (-ll'er), n. one who relies. 
 
 relievable (-lev'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being relieved. 
 
 relieve (-lev'), v.t. to free from pain, 
 suffering, grief, &c. ; mitigate ; alle- 
 viate ; help ; release from a post of 
 duty. 
 
 religion (re-lij'un), n. any system of 
 faith or worship ; love and obedience 
 towards God ; piety ; monastic vow 
 or state. 
 
 religious ('us), adj. pertaining to, 
 characteristic of, or set apart for, 
 religion ; godly ; pious ; devotional ; 
 conscientiously exact or strict ; 
 bound by monastic vows : n. one 
 who is bound by monastic vows. 
 
 religious-hcnse (-hous), n. a mon- 
 astery or nunnery. 
 
 relinquish (-ling'kwish), v.t. to for- 
 sake or abandon ; quit ; leave with 
 reluctance ; desist from ; renounce a 
 claim to. 
 
 relinquishment (-ment), n. the act 
 of relinquishing ; abandonment. 
 
 reliquary (rel'i-kwa-ri), n. [pi. reli- 
 quaries (-riz)], a depository for 
 relics ; a casket or small chest for 
 holding relics. 
 
 relique (-ek'), n. a relic [French]. 
 
 relish (rel'ish), v.t. to like the taste 
 of ; use with pleasure ; enjoy : v.i. 
 to have a pleasing taste: n. sensa- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
rel 
 
 tion of flavor ; taste ; savor ; zest ; 
 enjoyment given by anything ; pleas- 
 ure ; inclination. 
 
 reluctance (re-luk'tans), n. unwill- 
 ingness. Also reluctancy. 
 
 reluctant ('tant), adj. unwilling; 
 disinclined. 
 
 rely (-11'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. relied, 
 p.pr. relying], to lean upon with 
 confidence; trust or have confidence 
 in. 
 
 remain (-man'), v.i. to continue; 
 stay ; last ; endure ; be left in a par- 
 ticular state or place; be left after 
 or out of a greater number : n.pl. a 
 dead body; the literary works of an 
 author published after his death ; 
 ruins. 
 
 remand (-mand'), v.t. to recommit 
 or send back ; remit in custody to a 
 future time : n. the act of remand- 
 ing; state of being remanded. 
 
 remark (-mark'), v.t. to note or ob- 
 serve ; express ; say : n. notice or ob- 
 servation ; comment. 
 
 remarkable ('a-bl), adj. worthy of 
 notice or remark ; extraordinary ; 
 strange ; famous ; uncommon. 
 
 remarkably (-li), adv. in a remarka- 
 ble manner. 
 
 remediable ( re-me'di-a-bl ) , adj. ad- 
 mitting remedy. 
 
 remediably (-a-bli), adv. in a way 
 that may be remedied. 
 
 remedial ('di-al), adj. affording, or 
 intended for, a remedy. 
 
 remedially (-li), adv. by way of 
 remedy. 
 
 remedy ('e-di), n. [pi. remedies 
 (-diz)], that which cures a disease, 
 or counteracts an evil ; a restora- 
 tive ; an efficacious medicine : v.t . 
 [p.t. & p.p. remedied, p.pr. remedy- 
 ing], to repair or remove something 
 evil from. 
 
 remember (re-mem'ber), v.t. to re- 
 call to mind ; attend to ; keep in 
 mind with gratitude, regard, or rev- 
 erence. 
 
 remembrance ('brans), n. power of 
 remembering ; memory ; length of 
 time during which anything can be 
 remembered ; recollection. 
 
 remembrancer (-er), n. one who, or 
 that which, reminds ; recorder. 
 
 remind (-mind'), v.t. to bring to th<> 
 remembrance of; put in mind. 
 
 reminiscence (rem-i-nis'ens), n. re- 
 covery of ideas ; memory ; that 
 which is remembered. 
 
 reminiscent Cent), adj. having rec- 
 ollection. 
 
 remise (re-mlz'), v.t. to resign or 
 surrender by deed : n. the surrender 
 of^a claim by deed. 
 
 remiss (-mis'), adj. careless in the 
 performance of duty or business ; 
 heedless ; dilatory. 
 
 remission (-mish'un), n. the act of 
 remitting; pardon; abatement; re- 
 laxation. 
 
 remit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. remit- 
 ted, p.pr. remitting], to pardon; 
 transmit, as money, bills, &c. ; send 
 back : v.i. moderate or abate in vio- 
 lence or force. 
 
 remittal ('al), n. surrender; trans- 
 mission. 
 
 remittance ('ans), n. that which is 
 remitted; the sending of money, 
 bills, &c, in payment ; the sum so 
 transmitted. 
 
 remittent ( 'ent) , adj. increasing and 
 abating alternately. 
 
 remnant (rem'nant), n. that which 
 is left after a part has been re- 
 moved ; remainder. 
 
 remonetize (re-mon'e-tiz), v.t. to re- 
 store to circulation in the shape of 
 money. 
 
 remonstrance (-mon'strans), n. 
 strong representation against some- 
 thing complained of; expostulation. 
 
 remonstrant ('strant), adj. expos- 
 tulatory. 
 
 remonstrate ('strat), v.i. to urge or 
 put forward strong reasons against 
 some act or course complained of; 
 expostulate. 
 
 remorse (re-mors'), n. anguish of 
 mind caused by the sense of guilt ; 
 sympathetic sorrow ; compunction. 
 
 remorseful ('fool), adj. full of re- 
 morse. 
 
 remorsefully (-li), adv. with re- 
 morse. 
 
 remorseless ('les), adj. cruel; mer- 
 ciless. 
 
 remote (-mot'), adj. distant in time 
 or space ; far ; primary ; alien ; for- 
 eign ; inconsiderable. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ren 
 
 remotely ('li), adv. at a distance. 
 
 remoteness ('nes), n. distance. 
 
 removability (-moov-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being removable. 
 
 removable ('a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being removed. 
 
 removal ('al), n. the act of removing 
 or displacing ; change of place ; dis- 
 missal ; act of putting an end to. 
 
 remove (-moov'), v.t. to put from its 
 place; withdraw; cut off, or kill: 
 v.i. to change place ; change resi- 
 dence : n. change of place ; removal ; 
 promotion ; class. 
 
 removed (-moovd'), p.adj. remote; 
 displaced. 
 
 r enumerable (-mu'ner-a-bl), adj. 
 that may be remunerated. 
 
 remunerate (-nm'ner-at), v.t. to re- 
 ward as an equivalent for service; 
 recompense. 
 
 remuneration (-a'shun), n. pay- 
 ment for service ; recompense ; re- 
 ward. 
 
 remunerative ('ner-a-tiv), adj. yield- 
 ing an equivalent return for outlay ; 
 lucrative ; profitable. 
 
 remuneratory ('ner-a-to-ri), adj. 
 yielding remuneration ; profitable. 
 
 Renaissance (-na-sangs'), n. revival 
 of letters and arts in the 15th cen- 
 tury ; the style of architecture that 
 succeeded the Gothic; the classic 
 decorative style revived by the artist 
 Raphael. Also Renascence. 
 
 renal (re'nal), adj. pertaining to the 
 kidneys. 
 
 renard, another form of reynard. ^ 
 
 renascent (re-nas'ent), adj. coming 
 again into being. 
 
 rencontre (rang-kdng'tr) , n. a casual 
 meeting in opposition or contest ; 
 collision : v.i. to meet an enemy un- 
 expectedly ; to come in collision. 
 Also recounter. 
 
 rend (rend), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rent, 
 p.pr. rending], to tear apart with 
 violence ; split ; lacerate : v.i. to be- 
 come rent. 
 
 render (ren'der), v.t. to return; pay 
 back ; make up ; deliver ; afford ; 
 yield ; furnish ; reproduce ; trans- 
 late ; cause to be boiled down ; ex- 
 hibit : n. payment of rent. 
 
 rendering (-ing), n. a translation; 
 
 version ; execution ; first coat of 
 plaster. 
 
 rendezvous (ran'da-voo or ren'de- 
 voo), n. appointed place of meeting, 
 especially for warships or troops : 
 v.i. to assemble. 
 
 rendition (ren-dish'un), n. surren- 
 der ; translation. 
 
 renegade (ren'e-gad), n. one who re- 
 nounces his faith ; apostate ; traitor ; 
 deserter. 
 
 renew (re-ntf), v.t. to make new 
 again ; restore ; renovate ; reinvig- 
 orate: v.i. to be made new; begin 
 afresh ; grow again. 
 
 renewal ('al), n. the act of renew- 
 ing ; state of being renewed ; reno- 
 vation ; revival. 
 
 reniform (ren'i-form), adj. kidney- 
 shaped. 
 
 rennet (ren'et), n. the inner mem- 
 brane of a calf's stomach : used for 
 coagulating milk. 
 
 renounce (re-nouns), v.t. to disown; 
 reject publicly and finally ; repudi- 
 ate ; reject : v.i. in card playing, not 
 to follow suit : n. failure to follow 
 suit. 
 
 renouncement, same as renuncia- 
 tion. 
 
 renovate (ren'o-vat), v.t. to make 
 new again ; restore to a previous 
 condition, or to a good state; re- 
 pair. 
 
 renovation (-va'shun), n. renewal; 
 state of being renovated. 
 
 renovator ( 'o-va-ter ) , n. one who, or 
 that which, renovates ; restorer. 
 
 renown (-noun'), n. celebrity; fame; 
 distinction : v.t. to make famous. 
 
 renowned (-nound'), p.adj. cele- 
 brated ; famous ; illustrious ; dis- 
 tinguished. 
 
 rent (rent), n. a tear; fissure; 
 schism ; periodical payment for the 
 use of property : p.t . & p.p. of rend. 
 
 rental ( 'al ) , n. amount of rent ; 
 schedule of rents of an estate ; rent- 
 roll. 
 
 renter (rent'er), n. one who holds an 
 estate or tenements by payment of 
 rent. 
 
 rent-roll (rent'rol), n. sl schedule of 
 income derived from rents. 
 
 renunciation (re-nun-si-a'shun), n. 
 disavowal ; rejection. 
 
 &te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rep 
 
 rep (rep), adj. having a fine corded 
 surface : n. a dress fabric with a 
 fine corded surface. 
 
 repair (re-par'), v. i. to go to a (spec- 
 ified) place; betake one's self: v.t. 
 to restore after injury ; mend ; reno- 
 vate ; make amends : n. restoration 
 after injury; state of a building. 
 
 reparable (rep'a-ra-bl), adj. capable 
 of being repaired. 
 
 reparation (-a-ra'shun), n. restora- 
 tion to a good condition ; amends 
 or compensation ; restitution. 
 
 reparative (re-par'a-tiv), adj. 
 amending defects ; repairing. 
 
 repartee (rep-ar-te'), n. a ready, wit- 
 ty reply. 
 
 repast (re-past'), n. a meal ; victuals. 
 
 repeal (-pel'), v.t. to revoke or abro- 
 gate ; annul : n. revocation ; abro- 
 gation. 
 
 repeat (-pet'), v.t. to do or speak 
 a second time ; iterate ; recite ; 
 quote from memory : n. repetition ; 
 a sign in music directing a part to 
 be repeated. 
 
 repeater ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, repeats ; revolver ; a watch 
 that strikes the hours, &c, by press- 
 ing a spring; a decimal in which 
 the same figure or figures are re- 
 peated ; one who illegally votes more 
 than once at the same election. 
 
 repel (-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. repelled, 
 p.pr. repelling], to drive back; re- 
 sist ; check the advance of : v.i. to 
 act in opposition to force impressed ; 
 check or drive inwards. 
 
 repellent Cent), adj. driving back; 
 tending or able to repel ; repulsive. 
 
 repent (-pent'), v.i. to feel pain or 
 sorrow on account of something 
 done or left undone, especially for 
 sin committed leading to repent- 
 ance ; change from past evil : v.t. to 
 regret [Old Testament]. 
 
 repentance (-pen'tans), n. contri- 
 tion. 
 
 repentant ('tant), adj. penitent. 
 
 repertoire (rep-er-twaV), n. a repos- 
 itory; stock of dramas, songs, &c, 
 ready for use. 
 
 repertory (-to-ri), n. a storehouse; 
 treasury. 
 
 repetition (-e-tish'un), n. the act of 
 repeating; recital from memory. 
 
 rep 
 
 repine (re-pin'), v.i. to fret one's 
 self ; murmur ; complain ; feel dis- 
 content. 
 
 replenish (-plen'ish), v.t. to fill up 
 again ; fill or stock in abundance. 
 
 replenishment (-ment), n. the act 
 of replenishing ; state of being re- 
 plenished. 
 
 replete (-plet') , adj. completely filled ; 
 full. 
 
 repletion (-ple'shun), n. the state of 
 being too full ; plethora. 
 
 replevin (-plev'in), n. an action to 
 recover goods wrongfully seized, on 
 security being given to try the case ; 
 writ for replevying. 
 
 replevy ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. replev- 
 ied, p.pr. replevying], to recover by 
 writ goods wrongfully seized, on giv- 
 ing security to try the right to them 
 at law. 
 
 replica (rep'li-ka), n. a copy of an 
 original picture or statue executed 
 by the same artist or sculptor. 
 
 replicate ('li-kat), adj. folded back. 
 
 replication (-ka'shun), n. a reply; 
 echo ; repetition ; the plaintiff's an- 
 swer to the plea of the defendant. 
 
 replier (re-pll'er), n. one who re- 
 plies. 
 
 reply (-pli'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. replied, 
 p.pr. replying], to answer ; respond: 
 n. an answer ; response ; rejoiner. 
 
 report (-port'), v.t. to give an ac- 
 count of; relate; tell from one to 
 another ; circulate publicly ; take 
 down (spoken words) : v.i. to make 
 a statement : n. an official statement 
 of facts; description, an account of 
 a meeting, &c. ; rumor; hearsay; 
 noise. 
 
 reportorial (-por-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
 taining to, or constituted by, re- 
 porters. 
 
 reposal (-poz'al), n. state of repose. 
 
 repose (-poz'), v.t. to lay to rest; re- 
 fresh by rest ; compose ; lay, place, 
 or rest, as confidence or trust (with 
 in or on) : v.i. to sleep ; recline : n. 
 sleep ; quiet ; mental rest ; certain 
 parts in a picture which tranquilize 
 its aspect. 
 
 repository (-poz'i-to-ri), n. [pi. re- 
 positories (-riz)], a warehouse for 
 the storing and safe keeping of 
 goods ; shop or warehouse. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl: me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; b66n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rep 
 
 repousse (re-poos'a), n. ornamental 
 metal work formed in relief and 
 chased. 
 
 reprehend (rep-re-hend'), v.t. to cen- 
 sure. 
 
 reprehensible (-hen'si-bl), adj. de- 
 serving censure ; culpable. 
 
 reprehensibly (-bli), adv. in a rep- 
 rehensible manner. 
 
 reprehension ('shun), n. censure; 
 reproof. 
 
 reprehensive ('siv), adj. given to, 
 or containing, reproof. Also re- 
 prehensory. 
 
 represent (rep-re-zenf), v.t. to ex- 
 hibit the image of ; show ; describe ; 
 give an account of ; personate or 
 act the part of ; reproduce ; to pre- 
 sent again ( re-pre-zent' ) . 
 
 representation (-zen-ta'shun), n. 
 the act of representing; that which 
 represents ; portrayal ; description ; 
 likeness ; image or picture ; dramat- 
 ic performance ; body of representa- 
 tives ; statement of arguments or 
 reasons. 
 
 representative ('ta-tiv), adj. having 
 the power or character of another ; 
 exhibiting a similitude ; typical : n. 
 one who is authorized to act for 
 another or others; deputy or dele- 
 gate, especially one chosen by a body 
 of electors ; a member of the popular 
 branch of Congress or of a State 
 Legislature ; he who, or that which, 
 represents or exhibits a likeness ; 
 an heir. 
 
 repress (-pres'), v.t. to check or re- 
 strain ; crush ; quell. 
 
 repression (-presh'un), n. the act of 
 repressing. 
 
 repressive (-pres'iv), adj. serving to 
 repress. 
 
 repressively (-li), adv. so as to re- 
 press. 
 
 reprieve (-prev'), v.t. to grant a 
 respite to; delay the execution of: 
 n. temporary suspension of a crim- 
 inal sentence. 
 
 reprimand (rep'ri-mand), v.t. to re- 
 prove severely ; reprove publicly and 
 officially : n. a severe reproof. 
 
 reprisal (re-priz'al), n. something 
 done or seized by way of retaliation 
 for an injury or wrong suffered. 
 
 reproach (-proch'), v.t. to censure 
 
 rep 
 
 severely ; upbraid : n. severe blame 
 mingled with contempt ; object of 
 scorn ; shame or disgrace. 
 
 reproachful ( 'fool ) , adj. containing, 
 or expressing, reproach. 
 
 reproachfully (-li), adv. in a re- 
 proachful manner. 
 
 reprobate (rep'ro-bat), v.t. to con- 
 demn strongly or with detestation ; 
 disown : adj. wholly given up to 
 sin ; abandoned ; depraved : n. a 
 profligate person. 
 
 reprobation (-ba'shun), n. the act 
 of reprobating; abandonment to 
 eternal destruction ; condemnation. 
 
 reproof (-proof), n. censure; re- 
 buke. 
 
 reprove (-proov'), v.t. to censure or 
 blame ; reprimand ; rebuke. 
 
 reptile (rep'til), n. an animal of the 
 class Reptilia that creeps or crawls 
 on the ground ; a mean, groveling 
 person : adj. creeping ; crawling ; 
 groveling. 
 
 reptilian (til'i-an), adj. pertaining 
 to, or like, a reptile. Also reptilious. 
 
 republic (re-pub'lik), n. a state or 
 country in which the supreme power 
 is vested in representatives elected 
 by popular vote ; commonwealth. 
 
 republican ('lik-an), adj. pertaining 
 to, characteristic of, or consisting 
 of, a republic : n. one who favors 
 republican government. 
 
 Republican ('lik-an), n. a member 
 of the Republican party, one of the 
 two principal political parties in 
 the United States. 
 
 republicanism (-izm), n. the prin- 
 ciples of a republican government; 
 attachment to such principles. 
 
 republicanize (-iz), v.t. to form 
 into a republic; convert to republi- 
 can ideas. 
 
 republication (-li-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of republishing ; re-impression of 
 a printed book ; second publication. 
 
 republish ('lish), v.t. to publish 
 anew ; print a new edition of. 
 
 repudiate (-pu'di-at), v.t. to dis- 
 own or disclaim ; refuse to pay or 
 acknowledge ; disavow. 
 
 repudiation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
 repudiating ; disavowal ; rejection. 
 
 repudiator ('di-a-ter), n. one who 
 repudiates. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
rep 
 
 repugnance (-pug'nans), ft. aver- 
 sion ; reluctance ; dislike. Also re- 
 pugnancy. 
 
 repugnant ('nant), adj. highly dis- 
 tasteful or offensive ; contrary ; hos- 
 tile. 
 
 repulse (puis'), v.t. to drive back; 
 beat off ; repel : ft. the state of being 
 driven back or repelled ; refusal ; 
 denial. 
 
 repulsion (-pul'shun), ft. the act of 
 driving back ; state of being re- 
 pelled ; the power by which certain 
 bodies or their molecules recede from 
 each other ; aversion. 
 
 repulsive ('siv), adj. tending to re- 
 pel ; forbidding ; disgusting. 
 
 repulsively (-li), adv. in a repulsive 
 manner. 
 
 repulsiveness (-nes), ft. the state or 
 quality of being repulsive. 
 
 reputable (rep'u-ta-bl), adj. es- 
 teemed ; honorable ; respectable. 
 
 reputably ('u-ta-bli), ft. in a reputa- 
 ble manner. 
 
 reputation (-ta'shun), ft. good name 
 or character ; honor ; credit. 
 
 repute (-put'), v.t. to estimate; 
 deem : n. estimation ; character ; rep- 
 utation. 
 
 request (-kwesf), ft. desire ex- 
 pressed ; petition ; prayer ; demand ; 
 entreaty : v.t. to ask for. 
 
 requiem (re'kwi-em), ft. a mass, or 
 musical setting of a mass, for the 
 repose of the soul or a person de- 
 ceased. 
 
 require (re-kwir'), v.t. to ask for or 
 claim as by right or authority ; de- 
 mand ; exact ; need. 
 
 requirement ('ment), ft. the act of 
 requiring ; that which is required ; 
 demand ; necessity. 
 
 requisite (rek'wi-zit), adj. needful; 
 indispensable : ft. anything requisite. 
 
 requisitely (-li), adv. in a requisite 
 manner. 
 
 requisiteness (-nes), ft. necessity. 
 
 requisition (-wi-zish'un), ft. the act 
 of requiring ; that which is required ; 
 demand, especially a written one : 
 v.t. to demand ; make a requisition 
 upon. 
 
 requital (-kwit'al), ft. retaliation. 
 
 requite (-kwif), v.t. to make return I 
 
 for treatment, good or evil; recom- 
 pense ; retaliate ; revenge. 
 
 reremouse (rermous), n. the bat. 
 
 rescind (re-sind'), v.t. to annul; re- 
 voke. 
 
 rescission (-sizh'un), n. the act of 
 annulling. 
 
 rescript ('skript), ft. an edict or de- 
 cree, especially of an emperor or 
 pope in answer to some question of 
 jurisprudence officially submitted to 
 him, and having the force of a 
 law. 
 
 rescue (res'ku), v.t. to set free from 
 danger, restraint, or violence; lib- 
 erate ; deliver : n. deliverance from 
 danger, restraint, or violence; forci- 
 ble retaking of persons or goods de- 
 tained by legal authority. 
 
 research (-serch'), ft. laborious, care- 
 ful inquiry or investigation: v.t. to 
 search again ; investigate carefully 
 and diligently. 
 
 resemblance (-zem'blans), ft. like- 
 ness. 
 
 resemble (-zem'bl), v.t. to have a 
 likeness to; have similarity to. 
 
 resent (zenf), v.t. to consider as an 
 injury or affront; take ill; be angry 
 in consequence of. 
 
 resentful ('fool), adj. easily pro- 
 voked to anger ; full of resentment. 
 
 resentfully (-li), adv. with resent- 
 ment. 
 
 resentment ('ment), ft. strong anger 
 or displeasure ; deep sense of injury,, 
 
 reservation (rez-er-va'shun), n. any- 
 thing kept back or reserved ; clause, 
 proviso, or limitation, by which 
 something is reserved ; public land 
 reserved for some particular use, as 
 schools, &c. 
 
 reserve (re-zerv'), v.t. to keep in 
 store ; hold back for future use ; re- 
 tain : ft. that which is retained for 
 future use ; closeness or caution in 
 speaking or acting ; taciturnity ; 
 modesty : pi. troops kept for the 
 support of an army or to meet any 
 contingency. 
 
 reservoir (rez'er-vwar), ft. a place 
 where anything (usually fluids and 
 liquids) is collected and stored up. 
 for use. 
 
 resetter (re-set'er), », one who re- 
 sets or places again. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; b5on, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
reside (re-zid'), v.i. to dwell or in- 
 habit ; live. 
 
 residence (rez'i-dens), n. place of 
 abode ; domicile ; act of residing. 
 
 residency (-den-si), n. in India, the 
 official residence of the British Min- 
 ister. 
 
 residential ('shal), n. pertaining to, 
 containing or snitable for, residents. 
 
 residual ( re-zid'u-al ) , adj. remain- 
 ing after a part has been taken 
 away. 
 
 residuary ('n-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to, or constituting, the residue ; re- 
 lating or entitled to the remainder 
 of an estate, &c, after deducting 
 legal expenses. 
 
 residue (rez'i-du), n. remainder. 
 
 residuum ( re-zia"u-um ) , n. that 
 which is left after a chemical proc- 
 ess. 
 
 resign (-zin') , v.t. to yield to another ; 
 surrender formally ; withdraw from ; 
 submit calmly; sign again (re-sin'). 
 
 resignation (rez-ig-na'shun), n. the 
 act of resigning ; state of being re- 
 signed ; calm submission or acqui- 
 escence ; patience. 
 
 resilient (re-zil'i-ent), adj. springing 
 back. 
 
 resin (rez'in), n. a solid inflammable 
 substance obtained from various 
 trees which exude it in the form of 
 gum. 
 
 resinous (-us), adj. containing, con- 
 sisting of, or like, resin. 
 
 resist ( re-zist' ) , v.t . to oppose ; with- 
 stand ; thwart ; strive against : v.i. 
 to make opposition or resistance. 
 
 resistance (-zis'tans), n. the act of 
 resisting ; opposition ; power of a 
 body that acts in opposition to an- 
 other ; in photography, contrast of 
 light and shade. 
 
 resistant ('tint), adj. offering re- 
 sistance : n. one who, or that which, 
 resists. 
 
 resistibility (-zist-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being resistible. 
 
 resistible ('i-bl), adj. capable of re- 
 sisting. 
 
 resistibly (-bli), adv. in a resistible 
 manner. 
 
 resistless ('les)_, n. irresistible. 
 
 resoluble (rez'o-lu-bl), adj. capable 
 of being melted or resolved. 
 
 resolute ('o-lut), adj. determined; 
 having a fixed purpose ; decided ; 
 firm ; steady. 
 
 resolutely ('li), adv. in a resolute 
 manner. 
 
 resoluteness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being resolute. 
 
 resolution (-lu'shun), n. the act of 
 resolving ; state of being resolved ; 
 analysis ; fixed determination ; con- 
 stancy of purpose ; formal proposal 
 in a legislative assembly or public 
 meeting ; solution. 
 
 resolution of forces (for'sez), the 
 dividing of a force into two or more, 
 which would have the same effect as 
 if it acted alone. 
 
 resolutive ('o-hi-tiv), adj. having the 
 power to dissolve. 
 
 resolvability (re-zol-va-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being resolvable. Re? 
 solvableness. 
 
 resolvable ('va-bl), adj. capable of 
 being resolved. 
 
 resolve (-zolv'), v.t. to reduce to 
 constituent parts ; analyze ; free 
 from doubt or difficulty ; clear or 
 separate ; solve ; settle in an opin- 
 ion ; decide ; determine by vote ; dis- 
 perse, as a tumor, &c. ; carry a dis- 
 cord into a concord [music] : v.i. to 
 determine ; pass a formal resolution. 
 
 resolved (-zolvd'), p.adj. determined; 
 firm. 
 
 resolvent (-zol'vent), adj. having the 
 power of resolving ; causing solu- 
 tion : 11. a medicine to disperse a 
 tumor, &c. 
 
 resonance (rez'o-nans), n. the qual- 
 ity of being resonant. Also resonancy. 
 
 resonant ('o-nant), adj. returning 
 sound. 
 
 resort (-zort')., v.i. to betake one's 
 self ; go often ; have recourse ; ap- 
 ply : n. place much frequented ; con- 
 course ; resource. 
 
 resound (-zound'), v.i. & v.t. to re- 
 verberate ; be re-echoed ; spread the 
 fame or renown of ; send back sound ; 
 echo ; sound again ( re-sound' ) . 
 
 resource (-sors'), n. source of help 
 or supply ; an expedient to which 
 one resorts : pi. money ; means of 
 any kind. 
 
 resp (resp), n. a disease of sheep. 
 
 respect (re-spekt'), n. regard; ex- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; b65n, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
res 
 
 pression of esteem ; deference ; man- 
 ner of treating others ; respectful 
 demeanor ; point, reference, or par- 
 ticular : pi. expression of good-will 
 or regard : v.t. to honor or esteem ; 
 have relation to. 
 
 respectability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being respectable. 
 
 respectable ('a-bl), adj. capable or 
 worthy of respect ; held in good re- 
 pute ; moderate in excellence or num- 
 ber. 
 
 respectably (-bli), adv. in a respect- 
 able manner. 
 
 respectful ('fool), adj. characterized 
 by respect. 
 
 respectfully (-li), adv. with respect. 
 
 respecting ('ing), prep, concerning. 
 
 respective ('iv), adj. relating to a 
 particular person or thing; not ab- 
 solute ; relative. 
 
 respectively (-li), adv. as each be- 
 longs to each; not absolutely. 
 
 respir ability (-spir-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being respirable. Re- 
 spirableness. 
 
 respirable ('a-bl), adj. that may be, 
 or is fit to be, breathed. 
 
 respiration (res-pi-ra'shun), n. the 
 act or process of breathing; relief 
 from toil. 
 
 respirator ('pi-ra-ter), n. sl network 
 contrivance for covering the mouth 
 and protecting the lungs from cold, 
 fog, &c. 
 
 respiratory ('pi-ra-to-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to, or serving for, respira- 
 tion. 
 
 respire (-spir'), v.t. to draw air into 
 the lungs and expel it again; 
 breathe; inhale: v.t. to breathe in 
 and out, as air. 
 
 respite (res'pit), n. pause or tempo- 
 rary cessation of anything ; delay ; 
 interval of rest ; reprieve : v.t. to 
 grant a respite to; suspend the exe- 
 cution of. 
 
 resplendence (re-splen'dens), n. bril- 
 liant Juster ; intense light. Also 
 resplendency. 
 
 resplendent ('dent), adj. shining 
 with brilliant luster; intensely 
 bright. 
 
 respond (-spond'), v.i. to answer or 
 reply ; be liable for payment : v.t. 
 
 to pay : n. a short anthem sung be- 
 tween the reading of the lessons. 
 
 respondent Cent), adj. giving re- 
 sponse : n. one who answers or re- 
 plies ; one who maintains a thesis in 
 reply ; one who answers to a suit at 
 law. 
 
 respondentia (-spon-den'shi-a), n. 
 a loan on the security of a ship's 
 cargo. 
 
 response (-spons'), n. the act of 
 answering; reply; in a liturgical 
 service, the answer of the congrega- 
 tion to the priest. 
 
 responsible ('i-bl), adj. involving 
 responsibility ; answerable ; liable. 
 
 responsibly ('i-bli), adv. in a re- 
 sponsible manner. 
 
 responsive ('siv), adj. answering; 
 correspondent. 
 
 responsively (-li), adv. in a respon- 
 sive manner. 
 
 responsiveness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being responsive. 
 
 responsory ('o-ri), adj. containing 
 answer : n. the answer of the con- 
 gregation to the priest in a liturgical 
 service. 
 
 rest (rest), n. cessation from motion 
 or disturbance; quiet; peace; re- 
 pose ; sleep ; death ; place of quiet 
 or repose ; trust ; interval of silence 
 and its sign [music] ; remainder : 
 v.i. to cease from motion or action; 
 repose ; be quiet ;" sleep ; die ; stand ; 
 be satisfied ; lean : v.t. to lay to 
 rest; place. 
 
 restaurant (res'to-rant, or -to-rang), 
 n. a house for refreshment; an eat- 
 ing-house. 
 
 restaurateur (-ra-ter), n. the keeper 
 of a restaurant. 
 
 restful ('fool), adj. full of rest; 
 quiet. 
 
 restfully (-li), adv. in a restful man- 
 ner. 
 
 restitution (-ti-tu'shun), n. the act 
 of making good any loss, injury, or 
 damage ; compensation ; amends. 
 
 restive (res'tiv), adj. unwilling to 
 go forward ; stubborn ; obstinate ; 
 uneasy. 
 
 restively (-li), adv. in a restive man- 
 ner. 
 
 restiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being restive. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; bo5n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
res 
 
 ret 
 
 restorable (re-stor'a-bl), adj. capa- 
 ble of being restored. 
 
 restoration (res-to-ra'shun), n. the 
 act of restoring ; renewal ; repair. 
 
 restorative (re-stor'a-tiv), adj. ca- 
 pable of restoring : n. a re-invigorat- 
 ing medicine. 
 
 restoratively (-li), adv. so as to re- 
 store. 
 
 restore (-stor'), v.t. to bring back to 
 its former strength ; repair ; rebuild ; 
 heal or cure ; re-invigorate ; renew ; 
 amend ; reclaim ; store again. 
 
 restrain (-stran'), v.t. to check; re- 
 press. 
 
 restraint (-strant'), n. the act of 
 restraining : state of being re- 
 strained ; limitation. 
 
 restrict (-strikt'), v.t. to confine or 
 limit. 
 
 restriction (-strik'shun), n. the act 
 of restricting ; limitation ; confine- 
 ment. 
 
 restrictive ('tiv), adj. imposing re- 
 straint. 
 
 restrict! vely (-li), adv. with restric- 
 tion. 
 
 result (-zult'), v.i. to follow as a 
 consequence ; to come to a decision ; 
 ensue ; decree : n. conclusion or con- 
 sequence. 
 
 resultant ('ant), adj. following as a 
 result : n. a single force compounded 
 of two or more forces and represent- 
 ing their combined effects. 
 
 resulting ('ing), p.adj. following as 
 a result or consequence. 
 
 resume (ra-zu-ma'), n. a summary. 
 
 resume _(-zum'), v.t. to take up again 
 after interruption ; begin again ; 
 take back. 
 
 resumption (re-zump'shun), n. the 
 act of resuming. 
 
 resurrection (rez-er-ek'skun), n. a 
 rising again from the dead ; moral 
 revival. 
 
 resurrectionist (-ist), n. formerly 
 a man who disinterred dead bodies 
 for sale for anatomical purposes. 
 
 resuscitate (re-sus'i-tat), v.t. to re- 
 vive from apparent death ; revivify. 
 
 resuscitation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
 of resuscitating ; state of being re- 
 suscitated. 
 
 resuscitative ('i-ta-tiv), adj. tend- 
 ing to resuscitate ; restorative. 
 
 resuscitator ('i-ta-ter), n. one who, 
 or that which, resuscitates. 
 
 ret (ret), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. retted, p.pr. 
 retting], to steep in water to sepa- 
 rate the fibers of a substance, as 
 flax, by incipient rotting. 
 
 retail (re-tal'), v.t. to sell in small 
 quantities; sell second-hand: n. (re'- 
 tal) sale of goods in small quanti- 
 ties : adj. dealing in small quantities 
 or second-hand. 
 
 retain (-tan'), v.t. to hold or keep 
 in possession ; detain ; engage by a 
 fee prepaid. 
 
 retainer ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, retains ; a dependent ; at- 
 tendant ; preliminary retaining fee 
 paid to counsel. 
 
 retaliate (-tal'i-at), v.t. to return by 
 giving like for like (usually in an 
 ill sense). 
 
 retaliation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
 retaliating. 
 
 retaliative ('i-a-tiv), adj. returning 
 like for like ; vindictive. Also re- 
 taliatory. 
 
 retard (-tard'), v.t. to hinder or ob- 
 struct ; delay ; keep back. 
 
 retardation (-tar-da'shun), w. the 
 act of retarding ; hindrance ; post- 
 ponement. 
 
 retardative ('da-tiv), a dj. tending to 
 retard. 
 
 retch (rech), v.i. to try to vomit; 
 strain in vomiting. 
 
 retention (re-ten'shun), n. the act 
 of holding back ; power of retaining, 
 especially ideas. 
 
 retentive ('tiv), adj. having the 
 power to retain. 
 
 retentively (-li), adv. with reten- 
 tiveness. 
 
 retentiveness (-nes), n. the quality 
 of being retentive. 
 
 reticence (ret'i-sens), n. silence; re- 
 serve. 
 
 reticent ('i-sent), adj. silent; re- 
 served. 
 
 reticular (-tik'u-lar), adj. formed 
 with interstices. 
 
 reticulate ('ti-lat), adj. formed of, 
 or resembling, net-work. 
 
 reticule (ret'i-kul), n. a lady's hand- 
 bag or workbag ; a telescopic eye- 
 piece across which is stretehed a 
 network of very fine material for 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 took ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ret 
 
 dividing the field of view into small 
 equal squares. 
 
 retiform (re'ti-form), adj. net- 
 shaped. 
 
 retina (ret'i-na), n. one of the coats 
 of the eye, containing the ends of 
 the sensory nerves which receive the 
 impressions which give rise to vis- 
 ion. 
 
 retinitis (-i-ni'tis), n. inflammation 
 of the retina. 
 
 retinue ('i-nti) , n. the suite or at- 
 tendants of a prince or person of 
 distinction ; train. 
 
 retiracy (re-tir'a-si), n. the state of 
 having retired ; competency. 
 
 retire (-tir'), v.i. to go to a place of 
 privacy ; withdraw ; retreat ; recede ; 
 withdraw from business, official, or 
 active life: to go to bed. 
 
 retired (-tird'), adj. secluded from 
 society; having given up business, 
 &c. ; private. 
 
 retirement (-tlr'ment), n. the act 
 of retiring; state of being retired; 
 privacy ; solitude. 
 
 retiring ('ing), adj. reserved, not 
 obtrusive ; assigned, as a pension, to 
 an official retiring from the public 
 service, &c. 
 
 retort (-t6rt'), v.t. to return, as an 
 argument, incivility, censure, accu- 
 sation, &c. : v.i. to make a retort : 
 n. censure, incivility, &c, returned ; 
 sharp reply ; a vessel used in distill- 
 ing and decomposing substances. 
 
 retouch (-tuch'), v.t. to touch again; 
 improve by going over a work of art 
 to restore faded parts, &c. 
 
 retract (-trakt'), v.t. to draw, or 
 take back; recall; rescind; recant: 
 v.i. to withdraw something pre- 
 viously said or written : n. the prick 
 of a horse's foot in nailing a horse- 
 shoe. 
 
 retractible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
 being retracted. Also retractile, re- 
 tractable. 
 
 retractation (-trak-ta'shun), n. the 
 act of retracting ; recantation ; dis- 
 avowal. Also retraction. 
 
 retractor ('ter), n. one who re- 
 tracts ; a muscle or instrument for 
 drawing back. 
 
 retreat (-tret'), n. the act of with- 
 drawing or retiring ; retirement or 
 
 ret 
 
 seclusion ; place of privacy ; shelter ; 
 the retiring of an army or body of 
 troops from the face of an enemy or 
 an advanced position ; signal for re- 
 tiring from an engagement, or to 
 quarters : v.i. to withdraw to seclu- 
 sion or place of safety ; retire before 
 an enemy. 
 
 retrench (-trench'), v.t. to furnish 
 with a retrenchment : v.i. cut down 
 expenses. 
 
 retrenchment ('ment), n. curtail- 
 ment ; reduction of expenses ; a mil- 
 itary work constructed inside an- 
 other to resist an enemy who has 
 forced the outer one. 
 
 retribution (ret-ri-bu'shun), n. re- 
 ward or punishment suitable to the 
 action; distribution of rewards or 
 punishments in future life at the 
 final judgment. 
 
 retributive (re-trib'u-tiv), adj. re- 
 warding for good deeds and punish- 
 ing for offenses. Also retributory. 
 
 retrievable (-trev'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being retrieved. 
 
 retrievableness (-nes), n. the state 
 of being retrievable. 
 
 retrievably ('a-bli), adv. in a re- 
 trievable manner. 
 
 retrieve (-trev'), v.t. to recover; re- 
 store ; regain : v.i. to act as a re- 
 triever. 
 
 retriever ('er), n. a variety of dog 
 trained to fetch game. 
 
 retro, a prefix meaning hack, hack- 
 wards, as retrospect, a review of the 
 past. 
 
 retrocede (re-tro-sed'), v.t. to cede or 
 grant back. 
 
 retrocession (-sesh'un), n. the act 
 of going back. 
 
 retrograde ('tro-grad), adj. going or 
 moving backwards ; apparently mov- 
 ing from east to west as a planet ; 
 going from a better to a worse moral 
 condition; becoming less highly or- 
 ganized : v.i. to go backwards. 
 
 retrogression (-gresh'un), n. the act 
 of going backward. 
 
 retrogressive, same as retrograde. 
 
 retrospect, see under retro. 
 
 retrospection (-spek'shun), n. the 
 act or faculty of looking back on 
 the past. 
 
 retrospective ('tiv), adj. looking 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ret 
 
 »6T 
 
 back on things past; referring to 
 past things. 
 
 retrospectively (-li), adv. in a re- 
 trospective manner. 
 
 retroversion (-ver'shun), n. a turn- 
 ing or falling backward. 
 
 return (re-tern'), v.i. to come back 
 again to the same place or state ; 
 revisit ; retort : v.t . to repay ; re- 
 store ; requite ; elect ; reply or report 
 officially : n. the act of going back 
 or returning ; retrogression ; repay- 
 ment ; requital ; restitution ; remit- 
 tance ; advantage ; profit ; official re- 
 port. 
 
 returning officer ('ing of'i-ser), n. 
 an official whose duty it is to preside 
 at an election, make returns to 
 writs, juries, &c. 
 
 retuse (-tils'), adj. very blunt; hav- 
 ing the extremity broad and slight- 
 ly depressed. 
 
 reunion (re-u'nyun), n. a festive 
 gathering of familiar friends or as- 
 sociates ; act of reuniting. 
 
 reunite (-u-nit'), v.t. to unite again; 
 reconcile after variance : v.i. become 
 united again. 
 
 reveal (re-veT), v.t. to make known; 
 disclose: n. the vertical side of a 
 doorway, window, &c. 
 
 reveille (rev-el-e' or re-val'ye), n. 
 the beat of a drum, or bugle call at 
 daybreak to awaken soldiers. 
 
 revel (rev'el), n. a noisy or riotous 
 feast : v.i. to feast with joyous or 
 clamorous merriment. 
 
 revelation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
 revealing or making known, espe- 
 cially Divine truth ; that which is 
 revealed, especially by God to man. 
 
 reveler ('el-er), n. one who revels. 
 
 revelry (-ri), n. boisterous festivity. 
 
 revenge (re-venj'), v.t. to inflict pain 
 or punishment because of ; exact re- 
 tribution for ; avenge : n. the act of 
 revenging ; malicious injuring in re- 
 turn for an injury or_ offense re- 
 ceived ; retaliation ; malice. 
 
 revengeful ('fool), adj. vindictive. 
 
 revengefully (-li), adv. vindictively. 
 
 revenue (rev'e-nu), n. the general 
 income of a state, derived from the 
 annual taxes, excise, customs, &c. ; 
 annual profits from lands, &c. 
 
 reverberate (re-ver'ber-at), v.t. to 
 
 send back, *as sound ; re-echo : v.i. 
 to be driven back, or reflected, as 
 sound or light. 
 
 reverberation (-a'shun), n. the act 
 of reverberating. 
 
 reverberatory ('ber-a-to-ri), adj. 
 pertaining to, or characterized by, or 
 produced by, reverberation : n. a 
 domed furnace which reflects the 
 flame upon a vessel placed within 
 it, without being in contact with 
 the fuel. 
 
 revere (ver'), v.t. to regard with 
 fear mingled with respect and affec- 
 tion ; reverence. 
 
 reverence (rev'er-ens), n. venera- 
 tion ; honor ; respect ; act of obei- 
 sance; a title given to the clergy 
 (with his, your) : v.t. to regard with 
 reverence. 
 
 reverend (-end), adj. worthy of rev- 
 erence. 
 
 Reverend (-end), n. a title given to 
 the clergy. 
 
 reverent (-ent), adj. showing, or ex- 
 pressive of, reverence ; humble ; sub- 
 missive. 
 
 reverential (-en'shal), adj. proceed- 
 ing from reverence ; respectful. 
 
 reverentially (-li), adv. with rever- 
 ence. 
 
 reverie ('er-i), n. deep musing; wake- 
 ful dreaminess ; irrregular train of 
 thoughts or fancies in meditation-. 
 
 reversal (re-ver'sal), n. the act of 
 reversing; overthrow or annulling; 
 repeal. 
 
 reverse (-vers'), adj. turned back- 
 ward ; having an opposite direction ; 
 made or declared void : v.t. to turn 
 upside down ; change entirely : n. 
 the contrary or opposite ; back of a 
 coin or medal ; change ; vicissitude ; 
 defeat. 
 
 reversible ( 'i-bl ) , adj. capable of be- 
 ing reversed. 
 
 reversion ('shun), n. right to future 
 possession or enjoyment ; tendency 
 of an animal or plant to revert to its 
 original form, &c. 
 
 reversionary (-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to, or involving, right of reversion. 
 
 revert (-vert'), v.t. to turn back; 
 change ; reverse : v.i. to return or 
 fall back ; return to the original 
 owner or his heirs. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, n6rth, not; boon, 
 I>. 44. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rev 
 
 revertible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
 being reverted. 
 
 revest (-vest'), v.i. to return to a 
 former owner. 
 
 revetment (-vet'ment), n. in fortifi- 
 cation, a strong wall erected round 
 the lower part of the rampart ; a re- 
 taining wall. 
 
 review (-vu'), v.t. to consider over 
 again ; re-examine ; look back ; re- 
 vise; examine critically; inspect 
 (troops, &c.) ; write a critical notice 
 of : n. the act of reviewing ; re-ex- 
 amination ; survey of the past ; criti- 
 cism, especially of a new publica- 
 tion ; a periodical with criticisms on 
 new books, essays, &c. ; inspection of 
 troops, &c. 
 
 revile (-vlT), v.t. to address with 
 opprobrious or contumelious lan- 
 guage; reproach. 
 
 revise (-viz'), v.t. to review and 
 amend ; examine for correction : n. 
 a revision ; second proof-sheet. 
 
 revision (-vizh'un), n. the act of ex- 
 amining for correction; that which 
 is revised. 
 
 revival (-vi'val), n. the act of re- 
 viving ; recovery ; renewal of life ; 
 renewed performance of ; reproduc- 
 tion ; spiritual awakening. 
 
 revivalism (-izm), n. an interest in 
 revivals of religion, or the methods 
 of procedure to promote such. 
 
 revivalist (-ist), n. one who pro- 
 motes revivals. 
 
 revive (-viv'), v.i. to recover life; 
 return to vigor or activity, especially 
 from a state of languor, neglect, &c. : 
 v.t. to restore to life again ; reno- 
 vate ; reproduce. 
 
 revivify (-viv'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 revivified, p.pr. revivifying], to re- 
 animate ; quicken. 
 
 revocable (rev'6-ka-bl), adj. that 
 may be revoked. 
 
 revocation (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
 revoking ; recall ; repeal ; reversal. 
 
 revoke (-vok'), v.t. to recall; re- 
 peal ; annul : v.i. to fail to follow 
 suit at cards : n. the act of revoking 
 at cards. 
 
 revolt (-volt'), n. rebellion against 
 constituted authority ; insurrection ; 
 change of sides ; desertion : v.i. to 
 
 rna 
 
 turn away in disgust ; to rebel : v.i. 
 overturn ; shock. 
 
 revolting ('ing), p. adj. disgusting; 
 repellent. 
 
 revolute (rev'6-hlt), adj. rolled back- 
 wards. 
 
 revolution (-lu'shun), n. the act of 
 revolving ; rotation ; change or al- 
 teration of system ; motion of a 
 point or line about a center ; recur- 
 rence or succession ; fundamental 
 and sudden change in the govern- 
 ment of a country. 
 
 revolutionary (-a-ri), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, tending to produce, or consti- 
 tuting, a revolution : n. a revolution- 
 ist. 
 
 revolutionist ( f shun-ist), n. one 
 who organizes or takes part in a 
 revolution. 
 
 revolutionize ('shun-iz), v.t. to 
 cause a revolution or entire change 
 of government or any system. 
 
 revolve (re-volv'), v.i. to turn round, 
 as on an axis ; roll in a circle ; ro- 
 tate : v.t. to cause to turn or roll 
 round ; meditate or reflect upon. 
 
 revolver (-vol'ver), n. one who, or 
 that which, revolves ; a pistol with 
 revolving barrels, fired successively 
 without reloading. 
 
 revolving ('ving), adj. turning 
 round. 
 
 revulsion (-vul'shun), n. sudden and 
 violent change, especially of feeling ; 
 diversion of the cause of a disease 
 from one part of the body to an- 
 other. 
 
 revulsive ('siv), adj. having the 
 power of, or tending to, revulsion. 
 
 reward (-ward'), n. something given 
 as a return for good or ill received ; 
 recompense ; retribution ; punish- 
 ment ; gift in token of approved 
 merit : v.t. to give in return for good 
 or ill received ; recompense ; punish. 
 
 reynard (ren'ard), n. the fox. 
 
 Rnadamanthine ( rad-a-man'thin ) , 
 adj. sternly just and inflexible : from 
 Rhadamanthus, one of the three 
 judges in classic mythology who de- 
 cided the fate of the souls of the de- 
 parted in the lower world. 
 
 rhapsodic (rap-sod'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or connected with, rhapsody ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; b65ii, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rha 
 
 rh© 
 
 unconnected ; confused. Also rhap- 
 sodical. 
 
 rhapsodist ('so-dist), n. one who 
 makes or recites verses, especially 
 one whose profession was to recite 
 the Homeric or other epics. 
 
 rhapsodize ('so-diz), v.i. to write or 
 utter rhapsodies. 
 
 rhapsody ('so-di), n. [pi. rhapso- 
 dies (-diz)], any unconnected or 
 rambling composition, composed 
 under the influence of excitement ; 
 part of an epic poem for recitation 
 at one time. 
 
 rhea (re'a), n. the South American 
 ostrich. 
 
 Rhenish (ren'ish), adj. pertaining to 
 the river Rhine : n. Rhine wine. 
 
 rheochord (re'o-kord), n. a metallic 
 wire used for measuring the resist- 
 ance or variability of an electric 
 current. 
 
 rheometer (-om'e-ter), n. an instru- 
 ment for measuring the intensity of 
 an electric current, 
 
 rheometry ( 'e-tri ) , n. the art of 
 measuring the intensity and velocity 
 of electric and other currents. 
 
 rheomotor ('o-mo-ter), n. an appa- 
 ratus by which an electrical current 
 is generated. 
 
 rheophore ('o-for), n. the connecting 
 wire of an electric or galvanic ap- 
 paratus. 
 
 rheoscope ('o-skop), n. an apparatus 
 for detecting an electric current. 
 
 rheostat ('o-stat), n. an apparatus 
 for regulating an electric current. 
 
 rheotome ('o-tom), n. an apparatus 
 for interrupting an electric current 
 at stated intervals. 
 
 rheotrope ('o-trop), n. an apparatus 
 for periodically reversing the direc- 
 tion of an electric current. 
 
 rhesus ('sus), n. a monkey, held sa- 
 cred in certain parts of India. 
 
 rhetoric (ret'o-rik), n. the art of 
 speaking with elegance and force ; 
 declamation ; showy oratory. 
 
 rhetorical ( re-tor 'i-kalj, adj. per- 
 taining to rhetoric ; figurative ; de- 
 clamatory. 
 
 rhetorically (-li), adv. in a rhetor- 
 ical manner. 
 
 rhetorician (ret-o-rish'an), n. a 
 
 teacher of rhetoric, or one skilled in 
 the art ; orator. 
 
 rheum (room), n. the increased ac- 
 tion of the vessels of any organ, es- 
 pecially the lungs or nostrils, pro- 
 ducing an increased discharge of 
 secretions. 
 
 rheumatic (-at'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or affected by, rheumatism. Also 
 rheumatical. 
 
 rheumatism ('a-tizm), n. a painful 
 disease of the muscles and joints ac- 
 companied by swelling and stiffness. 
 
 rhino (rl'no), n. money: a prefix 
 meaning the nose. Also rhin. 
 
 rhinoceros (-nos'er-os), n. a large 
 pachydermatous animal allied to the 
 elephant, with one or two horns on 
 the snout. 
 
 rhinoplasty ('no-plas-ti), n. a surgi- 
 cal operation by which a new nose 
 is formed or partially restored by in- 
 grafting new flesh. 
 
 rhinoscope ('no-skop), n. an instru- 
 ment furnished with a mirror for 
 examining the passages of the nose. 
 
 rhizome ('zom), n. a thick stem run- 
 ning along or under the ground, pro- 
 ducing roots below and shoots above. 
 Also rhizoma. 
 
 rhodium (ro'di-um), n. one of the 
 metallic elements, rare and of ex- 
 treme hardness. 
 
 rhodo, a prefix meaning a rose. 
 
 Rhododendron (ro-do-den'dron), n. 
 a genus of ornamental evergreen 
 shrubs with large handsome rose- 
 like flowers. 
 
 rhodopsin (ro-dop'sin), n. the visual 
 purple of the retina. 
 
 rhomb, same as rhombus. 
 
 rhombic (rom'bik), adj. rhombus- 
 shaped. 
 
 rhombohedral (-bo-he'dral), adj. 
 pertaining to, or formed like, a 
 rhombohedron. 
 
 rhombohedron ('dron), n. a solid 
 figure bounded by 6 rhombic planes. 
 
 rhomboid ('boid), n. a 4-sided figure 
 having its opposite sides equal, and 
 its angles not right angles : adj. loz- 
 enge-shaped. Also rhomboidal. 
 
 rhombus ('bus), n. a 4-sided figure 
 whose sides are equal and the oppo- 
 site sides parallel, but which has two 
 of its angles obtuse and two acute ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
fchvk 
 
 a genus of flat fishes, containing the 
 turbot, &c. 
 
 rhubarb (roo'barb), n. a plant whose 
 leaf-stalks used for culinary pur- 
 poses, and its roots used in medicine 
 as a purgative. 
 
 rhumb (rum), n. a circle making any- 
 given angle with the meridian; a 
 point of the compass. 
 
 rhumb-line ('lin), n. the track of a 
 ship which cuts all the meridians at 
 the same angle. 
 
 rhyme (rim), n. the correspondence 
 of the sound of the last word or syl- 
 lable of one verse or line to the sound 
 of the last word or syllable of anoth- 
 er ; harmonical succession of sounds ; 
 poetry : v.i. to accord in sound ; 
 make verses or rhymes : v.t. put into 
 rhyme. Rime (more correctly). 
 
 rhymic X'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 rhyme. 
 
 rhyme (rim), n. the correspondence 
 measure or time in poetry or prose ; 
 meter ; verse. 
 
 rhythmic (rith'mik), adj. pertaining 
 to rhythm ; harmonical ; periodical. 
 Also rhythmical. 
 
 rhythmically (-al-li), adv. in a 
 rhythmic manner. 
 
 rib (rib), n. one of the curved bones 
 attached to the vertebral column and 
 supporting the lateral walls of the 
 thorax ; anything resembling a rib : 
 a piece of timber to shape and 
 strengthen the side of a ship; the 
 main vein of a leaf : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 ribbed, p.pr. ribbing], to furnish, or 
 inclose, with ribs ; form with 
 grooves. 
 
 ribald ('aid), adj. low; obscure; 
 filthy : n. a vulgar, foul-mouthed, li- 
 centious fellow. 
 
 ribaldry (-ri), n. obscenity. 
 
 ribbon ('on), n. a fillet or strip of 
 silk, &c. ; narrow strip. 
 
 rice (ris), n. a valuable food grain 
 produced extensively in hot coun- 
 tries. 
 
 rice-bird ('berd), n. the bobolink. 
 
 rice-paper ('pa-per), n. a kind of 
 paper prepared from pith : used in 
 China, &c, for painting upon. 
 
 rich (rich), adj. abounding in money 
 or possessions ; wealthy ; opulent ; 
 sumptuous ; valuable ; splendid ; fer- 
 
 rid 
 
 tile; fruitful; high-flavored; mel- 
 low ; full of beauty ; vivid ; sweet or 
 harmonious in sound : n, rich people 
 collectively (with the) : pi. wealth ; 
 affluence. 
 
 rick (rik), n. a pile or heap, as of 
 hay or corn, and usually thatched 
 or sheltered : v.t. to pile or heap in 
 a rick. 
 
 richets ('ets), n. a, disease affecting 
 children, characterized by softness 
 and curvature of the bones, due to 
 the absence of lime. 
 
 rickety ('et-i), adj. affected with rick- 
 ets ; feeble in the joints ; unsteady. 
 
 ricochet (-o-sha' or -6-shet'), n. the 
 rebounding of a shot or shell, &c, 
 along the ground or from the surface 
 of the water : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. rico- 
 chetted, p.pr. ricochetting] , to bound 
 by touching the earth or the surface 
 of water and glancing off, as a can- 
 non-ball : v.t. to cause to ricochet. 
 
 rid (rid), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rid, p.pr. 
 ridding], to set free; deliver; clear 
 or destroy by violence: adj. clear; 
 free. 
 
 riddance Cans), n. the act of ridding 
 or clearing away ; deliverance. 
 
 ridden ('n), p.p. of ride. 
 
 riddle ('1), n. an enigma; puzzling 
 question ; something ambiguous ; a 
 large sieve : v.t. to solve, as a riddle ; 
 to sift by a riddle ; perforate with, 
 or as with, shot : v.i. to speak ambig- 
 uously or as in riddles. 
 
 riddlings ('lingz), n.pl. broken ore 
 of medium size obtained by sifting. 
 
 ride (rid), v.i. & v.t. [p.t. rode, p.p. 
 ridden, p.pr. riding], to be borne 
 along, as on horseback or in a ve- 
 hicle ; practice horsemanship ; man- 
 age a horse well ; sit, float or rest 
 on ; to sit on so as to be carried ; 
 manage insolently at will : n. excur- 
 sion on horseback or in a vehicle ; 
 drive ; road ; district under an officer 
 of the excise. 
 
 rideau (re-do'), n. a small mound to 
 cover a camp from the approach of 
 the enemy. 
 
 rider (rid'er), n. one who rides on, 
 breaks, or manages, a horse ; an ad- 
 ditional clause to a document; sub- 
 sidiary problem. 
 
 ridge (rij), n. anything formed like 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rid 
 
 ril 
 
 an animal's back, as a continuous 
 range of hills, &c. ; crest of a roof : 
 v.t. to form or furnish with a ridge ; 
 wrinkle. 
 
 ridgy ('i), adj. rising in ridges. 
 
 ridicule (rid'i-kul), n. words or ac- 
 tion designed to bring the subject of 
 it into contempt ; banter ; mockery ; 
 satire : v.t. to treat or address with 
 ridicule ; expose to contemptuous 
 merriment ; laugh at. 
 
 ridiculous (ri-dik'u-lus), adj. de- 
 serving or exciting ridicule ; prepos- 
 terous ; absurd ; ludicrous ; droll. 
 
 riding (rid'ing), p. adj. employed for 
 traveling : n. a road cut through a 
 wood or ground for riding upon. 
 
 ridotto (ri-dot'o), n. a public assem- 
 bly ; a public entertainment of music 
 and dancing. 
 
 rifacimento (re-fa-chi-men'to), n. 
 the recasting of a literary work to 
 adapt it to changed circumstances. 
 
 rife (rif), adj. prevalent, common. 
 
 riff-raff (rif'raf), n. refuse ; the rab- 
 ble. 
 
 rifle (ri'fl), n. a musket with the bar- 
 rel spirally grooved : pi. troops 
 armed with rifles : v.t. to groove spi- 
 rally ; pillage. 
 
 rifle-bird (-berd), n. an Australian 
 bird. 
 
 rifle-corps (-kor), n. a body armed 
 with rifles. 
 
 rifler ('fler), n. a plunderer. 
 
 rift (rift), n. an opening or split in 
 anything ; fissure : v.t. to cleave or 
 split. 
 
 rig (rig), n. a practical poke or frolic ; 
 dress ; manner of fitting the masts 
 and rigging to the hull of a vessel : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rigged, p.pr. rig- 
 ging] , to furnish or fit with rigging ; 
 dress (with out). 
 
 rigadoon (-a-doon'), n. an old-fash- 
 ioned lively dance performed by one 
 couple. 
 
 rigger ('er), n. one whose occupation 
 is to fit the rigging of a vessel ; a 
 „band-wheel with a flat or slightly 
 curved rim. 
 
 rigging ('ing), n. the cordage or 
 ropes by which the masts of a ves- 
 sel are supported, and the sails ex- 
 tended or furled. 
 
 right (rit), adj. according to truth, 
 
 justice, or law ; correct ; fit ; true ; 
 exact ; most direct ; noting the side 
 opposed to the left; most conven- 
 ient ; well performed ; rising perpen- 
 dicularly : adv. in a right line ; just- 
 ly : n. uprightness ; truth ; justice ; 
 rectitude ; propriety ; virtue ; legal 
 claim ; the right side : v.t. to set up- 
 right ; make right or straight ; cor- 
 rect ; do justice to : v.t. to recover 
 the vertical position: inter j. well 
 done! 
 
 right-angle ('ang-gl), n. an angle of 
 90°, formed by one straight line 
 standing perpendicular to another. 
 
 righteous ('yus), adj. just; equita- 
 ble ; honest ; holy ; deserved. 
 
 righteousness (-nes), n. the quality 
 of being righteous ; holiness ; jus- 
 tice ; moral integrity. 
 
 rightful ('fool), adj. having a just 
 claim ; accordant with justice. 
 
 rightfully (-li), adv. in a right man- 
 ner. 
 
 rightfulness (-nes), n. justice. 
 
 rigid (rij'id), adj. not pliant; stiff; 
 inflexible ; strict ; stern ; severely 
 just. 
 
 rigidity (ri-jid'i-ti), n. want of plia- 
 bility ; stiffness ; resistance to change 
 of form. 
 
 riglet^same as reglet. 
 
 rigmarole (rig'ma-rol), n. foolish, 
 disconnected talk ; long story. 
 
 rigol (rig'ol), n. a circle; diadem. 
 
 rigor ('er), n. stiffness or severity; 
 exactitude ; strictness ; severity of 
 climate. 
 
 rigorism (rig'er-izm), n. austerity or 
 severity in principle or practice ; 
 obedience to the law ; the philosoph- 
 ical doctrine that self-control and 
 disregard of circumstances consti- 
 tute human happiness. 
 
 rigorist (-ist), adj. pertaining to rig- 
 orism ; one who is very austere or 
 severe. 
 
 rigor mortis (rl'gor mor'tis), n. 
 stiffness of the body caused by death. 
 
 rigorous ( rig'er-us ) , adj. character- 
 ized by, or exercising, vigor ; stern ; 
 inflexible ; scrupulously accurate. 
 
 Rigsdag (rigz'dag), n. the Danish 
 parliament. 
 
 rill (ril), n. a small stream or rivu- 
 let : v.i. to run in a small stream. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
rim 
 
 ris 
 
 rim (rim), n. a border or margin; 
 raised border ; brim : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 rimmed, p.pr. rimming], to furnish 
 with a rim. 
 
 rime (rim), n. hoar-frost; another 
 form of rhyme : v.i. to congeal into 
 hoar-frost. 
 
 rimose (ri'mos), adj. full of, or cov- 
 ered with, cracks. Also rimous. 
 
 rimple (rim'pl), n. a wrinkle or fold : 
 v.t. to become wrinkled. 
 
 rimy (rlm'i), adv. frosty. 
 
 rind (rind), n. the outer covering of 
 fruit, &c. ; bark: v.t. to strip the 
 rind from. 
 
 rinderpest (rin'der-pest), n. a ma- 
 lignant and contagious disease in 
 cattle; cattle plague. 
 
 ring (ring), n. a circle; anything cir- 
 cular in form ; small hoop worn on 
 the finger or used as a means of at- 
 tachment ; circular area or course ; 
 combination for private ends ; pu- 
 gilists or betting-men collectively 
 (with the) : v.i. [p.t. rang, p.p. 
 rung, p.pr. ringing], to sound as a 
 bell when struck ; practice the art of 
 ringing bells ; tingle : v.t . to cause to 
 sound, as metal when struck ; sound 
 aloud or abroad. 
 
 ringdove ('duv), n. the wood-pigeon. 
 
 ringing ('ing), p. adj. sounding like a 
 bell ; resonant : n. the act of sound- 
 ing as a bell; sound as of a bell 
 ringing. 
 
 ringleader ('le-der), n. the head of a 
 riotous body or faction. 
 
 ringlet ('let), n. a little ring; curl. 
 
 ring-ousel ('oo-zl), n. a kind of 
 thrush. 
 
 ringworm ('werm), n. a contagious 
 cutaneous disease, usually on the 
 scalp, characterized by distinct cir- 
 cular patches. 
 
 rink (ringk), n. a long clear space on 
 the ice used for curling; a ground 
 for skating upon : v.i. to skate on a 
 rink. 
 
 rinse (rins), v.t. to cleanse lightly 
 with clean water; cleanse repeated- 
 ly ; give a final cleansing to after 
 washing : n. a cleansing with a sec- 
 ond application of clean water. 
 
 riot (ri'ot), n. uproar; tumult; noisy 
 revelry ; luxurious excess ; disturb- 
 ance of the public peace by more 
 
 than three persons : v.i. to raise an 
 uproar ; go to excess in sensual in- 
 dulgence ; be highly excited. 
 
 rioting ('ot-ing), n. reveling; uproar. 
 
 riotous (-us), adj. indulging in riot 
 or excess ; licentious ; noisy.; turbu- 
 lent ; seditious. 
 
 rip (rip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ripped, p.pr. 
 ripping], to divide by tearing or cut- 
 ting ; cut asunder ; disclose ; undo the 
 seam of: v.i. to swear (with out) : 
 n. a rent or tear ; a rogue or cheat ; 
 a wicker basket for fish. 
 
 riparian (ri-pa'ri-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the banks of a river. 
 
 ripe (rip), adj. brought to maturity 
 or perfection ; ready for harvest ; fit 
 for use ; complete ; resembling ripe 
 fruit. 
 
 ripely ('li), adv. in a ripe manner. 
 
 ripen ('en), v.t. to make ripe; bring 
 to perfection : v.i. to grow ripe. 
 
 ripeness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being ripe; maturity. 
 
 ripper ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, rips ; something or somebody 
 super-excellent. 
 
 ripple (rip'l) , n. a small curling wave 
 on the surface of water ; the sound 
 made by such waves ; large comb for 
 cleansing flax : v.t. to cover with 
 small curling waves ; cleanse with a 
 ripple. 
 
 rippling ('ling), n. the breaking of, 
 or sound made by, ripples ; the act 
 of cleansing flax by a ripple. 
 
 riprap ('rap), n. a loose foundation 
 of stones in deep water on a soft 
 bottom. 
 
 rise (riz), v.i. [p.t. rose, p.p. risen, 
 p.pr. rising], to ascend ; get up from 
 the ground or recumbent position ; 
 begin to stir ; swell in quantity or 
 extent; grow upward; spring; tower 
 up ; appear above the horizon ; come 
 in view or existence ; be promoted ; 
 thrive ; be hostile ; close a session ; 
 ascend from the grave : n. the act of 
 rising ; ascent ; elevated place ; ap- 
 pearance above ; origin ; source ; in- 
 crease of price or value, social ad- 
 vancement or distinction ; anger ( in 
 *'take the rise out of"). 
 
 risibility (riz-i-bil'i-ti), 11. inclina- 
 tion to laughter. Also risibleness. 
 
 risible ('i-bl), adj. having the faculty 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awi ; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ris 
 
 rob 
 
 or power of laughing; inclined to 
 laugh ; causing laughter. 
 
 risibly ('i-bli), adv. laughably. 
 
 rising (rlz'ing), n. the act of getting 
 up or ascending ; insurrection ; an 
 ascent ; closing of a session : adj. in- 
 creasing, as of wealth or influence ; 
 appearing above the horizon ; reviv- 
 ing from death. 
 
 risk (risk), n. possibility of loss or 
 injury ; hazard ; peril ; danger : v.t. 
 to hazard ; venture upon. 
 
 risky ('i), adj. hazardous; danger- 
 ous ; approaching indelicacy. 
 
 risorial ( ri-so'ri-al ) , adj. pertaining 
 to, or exciting, laughter. 
 
 risotto (re-sot'6), n. an Italian dish 
 of rice with onions, &c, fried in but- 
 ter. 
 
 rissole (ris'ol), n. a savory mince in- 
 closed in a thin batter paste and 
 fried. _ 
 
 rite (rlt), n. a solemn religious act; 
 external religious observance. 
 
 ritornello (re-tor-nel'o), n. a short 
 introduction or concluding sympho- 
 ny ; repetition or burden of a song. 
 Also ritornelle. 
 
 ritual (rit'u-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 consisting of, or prescribing, rites : 
 n. manner of performing divine serv- 
 ice ; a book of rites, or manner of 
 service; body of rites used in the 
 Church. 
 
 ritualism (-izm), n. a system of rit- 
 ual or prescribed forms of religion ; 
 excessive observance of forms in di- 
 vine worship ; Tractarianism ; An- 
 glo-Catholicism, especially as empha- 
 sized by the use of Eucharistic vest- 
 ments. 
 
 ritualist (-ist), n. one who advo- 
 cates, or is skilled in, ritual ; an 
 Anglo-Catholic. 
 
 ritualistic (-al-ist'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or characterized by, ritual- 
 ism ; pertaining to ritualists. 
 
 ritually ('u-al-i), adv. by rites. 
 
 rival (ri'val), n. one who strives to 
 equal or excel another in the same 
 object or pursuit ; competitor ; an- 
 tagonist : adj. having the same 
 claims ; emulous : v.t. to strive to 
 equal or excel ; emulate. 
 
 rivalry (-ri), n. competition; emula- 
 tion. 
 
 rive (rlv), v.t. [p.t. rived, p.p. riven, 
 p.pr. riving], to be split or torn 
 asunder : n. a rent, tear, or split. 
 
 river ('er), n. a large running stream 
 of water flowing into the sea or an- 
 other river ; copious flow. 
 
 river-horse (h6rs), n. the hippopota- 
 mus. 
 
 rivet ('et), n. a short metal bolt 
 clinched by hammering : v.t. to se- 
 cure with, or as with, a rivet ; 
 clinch ; make firm or secure. 
 
 rivose (rfvos), adj. marked with ir- 
 regular grooves or furrows. 
 
 rivulet (riv'ti-let), n. a little stream. 
 
 rix- dollar (riks'dol-ar), n. a small 
 silver continental coin of varying 
 value. 
 
 roach (roch), n. a fresh-water fish ; a 
 cockroach. 
 
 road (rod), n. a public way for trav- 
 eling upon ; path ; way : pi. a place 
 where ships may ride safely at an- 
 chor. Roadstead. 
 
 roadster ('ster), n. a horse suited for 
 traveling ; a bicycle for road-work ; 
 a vessel which works by tides. 
 
 roam (rom), v.i. to wander about 
 without any definite object ; ramble : 
 v.t. to wander over. 
 
 roan (ron), adj. of a bay or dark 
 color with a shade of red : n. a roan 
 color ; grained sheepskin leather. 
 
 roan-tree, same as rowan. 
 
 roar (ror), n. the deep full cry of a 
 large animal ; a cry as in distress ; 
 any loud noise ; loudly expressed 
 mirth ; sound of the wind or sea : v.i. 
 to utter a roar : v.t. to utter in a 
 roar. 
 
 roaring ('ing), n. the act or sound of 
 roaring ; a disease of horses : adj. 
 noisy; brisk. 
 
 roast (rost), v.t. to cook before a 
 fire ; heat too violently or to excess ; 
 parch by exposure to heat; burn 
 (broken ore to free it from extrane- 
 ous matter) ; to banter or ridicule; 
 criticise severely : v.i. to be roasted : 
 adj. roasted : n. that which is 
 roasted. 
 
 rob (rob), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. robbed, 
 p.pr. robbing], to steal; plunder; 
 strip of something by secret theft or 
 violence; deprive. 
 
 robber ( f er), n. a thief. 
 
 ftte, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rob 
 
 rol 
 
 robbery (-i), n. theft; the felonious 
 and forcible taking away the money 
 and goods of another. 
 robe (rob), n. a loose outer garment; 
 state dress ; an elegant gown ; 
 dressed skin of a buffalo : v.i. to put 
 on robes : v.t . to invest with a robe ; 
 dress ; array. 
 
 robin (rob'in), n. the redbreast. 
 
 roburite ('er-it), n. a flameless ex- 
 plosive used extensively in mining 
 operations. 
 
 robust (ro-busf) , adj. hardy ; strong ; 
 vigorous ; muscular. 
 
 roc (rok), n. a fabulous bird of great 
 size and strength. 
 
 rochet (roch'et), n. sl linen vestment 
 worn by a bishop resembling a sur- 
 plice open at the sides. 
 
 rock (rok), n. a large mass of stone 
 or stony matter ; any mineral de- 
 posit ; natural deposit of sand, earth, 
 or clay ; firm or immovable defense ; 
 a movement backwards and for- 
 wards ; distaff : v.t. to cause to move 
 backwards and forwards ; lull to 
 sleep : v.i. to move backwards and 
 forwards. 
 
 rocket ('et), n. a firework made of a 
 case filled with saltpeter, sulphur, 
 and charcoal, fastened to a stick, 
 and which, on being ignited, is pro- 
 jected through the air. 
 
 rockiness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing rocky. 
 
 rock-oil ('oil), n. petroleum. 
 
 rock-ruby ('roo-bi), n. a fine bluish- 
 red variety of garnet. 
 
 rock- wood ('wood), n. ligniform as- 
 bestos. 
 
 rocky ( 'i ) , adj. full of, or resembling, 
 rocks ; stony ; hard ; inflexible. 
 
 rococo (ro-ko'ko), adj. noting a florid, 
 debased style in the ornamentation 
 of buildings, furniture, &c, preva- 
 lent during the reigns of Louis XIV. 
 and XV. of France : hence noting 
 bad taste in ornamentation. 
 
 rod (rod), n. a long twig or shoot of 
 any woody plant ; a wand ; instru- 
 ment of punishment ; cane ; a fish- 
 ing-rod ; scepter ; measure of length, 
 5% yards. 
 
 rode, p.t. of ride. 
 
 rodent (ro'dent), adj. gnawing: n. 
 any animal of the Rodentia, an order 
 
 of Mammalia, containing the rats, 
 mice, squirrels, &c. 
 rodeo (ro-da'6), n. a gathering to- 
 gether of cattle on a ranch. 
 rodomontade (rod-o-mon-tad'), n. 
 bluster ; brag : from Rodomonte in 
 Ariosto's Orlando Furioso : v.i. to 
 bluster or brag. 
 roe (ro), n. a species of deer, the roe- 
 buck ; the female of the hart ; the 
 spawn or sperm of fishes. 
 Roentgen rays (rent'gen raz), n. b. 
 form of radiant energy emanating 
 from the surface of an electrically 
 excited vacuum tube opposite the 
 cathode electrode, having power of 
 penetrating objects impervious to 
 light or heat rays, affecting sensi- 
 tive photographic films, and excit- 
 ing fluorescence in certain salts. 
 Also called X-rays. 
 rogation (-ga'shun), n. a litany; 
 m supplication. 
 
 Rogation Days (daz), n.pl. the Mon- 
 day, Tuesday, and Wednesday before 
 Ascension Day. 
 rogue (rog), n. a dishonest person; 
 knave ; a shy, mischievous person ; 
 wag ; term of endearment. 
 roguery ('er-i), n. knavish or dis- 
 honest practices ; cheating ; mis- 
 chievous or waggish conduct. 
 roguish ( 'ish ) , adj. fraudulent ; dis- 
 honest ; somewhat mischievous or 
 sly. 
 roil (roil), v.t. to render turbid; vex 
 
 or irritate. 
 role (rol), n. a part or character in a 
 
 play, &c. ; function or part. 
 roll (rol), v.i. to turn like a wheel or 
 on an axis ; move in a circular direc- 
 tion ; be moved with violence ; rock ; 
 wallow ; make a long deep sound : 
 v.t . to revolve ; inwrap ; move on 
 wheels ; spread flat under a roller : n. 
 the act of rolling ; that which rolls ; 
 a writing or paper rolled upon it- 
 self ; an official document ; list or 
 register ; kind of fancy bread ; con- 
 tinued deep sound, as of a drum 
 beaten, thunder, &c. ; twist of to- 
 bacco. 
 roller ( f er), n. one who, or that 
 which, rolls ; a cylinder used for 
 grinding, smoothing, flattening, &c. ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ro! 
 
 TOO 
 
 long heavy wave ; long broad band- 
 age ; a kind of crow. 
 rollick (rol'ik), v.i. to move or act 
 
 with a careless, swaggering air. 
 rollicking (-ing), adj. jovial; care- 
 less ; swaggering. 
 rolling (rol'ing), adj. moving on, or 
 as on, wheels ; undulating ; used for 
 rolling : n. a circular motion ; undu- 
 lation ; lateral oscillation of a ship. 
 
 roly-poly (ro'li-po'li), n. a game in 
 which by rolling a ball into a certain 
 hole it wins ; a kind of jam pudding. 
 
 Romaic (ro-ma'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to the vernacular language of mod- 
 ern Greece. 
 
 Roman ('man), adj. pertaining to 
 Rome, the Romans, or to the Church 
 of Rome ; noting the ordinary type 
 used in printing : opposed to italic ; 
 written in letters, not in figures, as 
 VI. 
 
 Roman candle (-kan'dl), n. a kind 
 of firework. 
 
 Roman cement (se-ment'), n. a 
 strong cement used in building and 
 hydraulic engineering. 
 
 Roman Catholic (kath'o-lik), adj. 
 pertaining to the Church of Rome, 
 of which the Pope is the head : n. a. 
 member of the Church of Rome. 
 
 Roman Catholicism (ka-thol'i- 
 sizm ) , n. the doctrines and practices 
 of the Roman Church. 
 
 romance (-mans'), n. a work of fic- 
 tion or adventure ; novel ; fable : v.i. 
 to invent and tell fictitious stories ; 
 exaggerate ; lie. 
 
 Romance (-mans'), adj. pertaining 
 to the dialects of Latin and the lan- 
 guages which grew out of classic 
 Latin, spoken in the old Roman 
 provinces. 
 
 Romanesque (man-esk'), n. that 
 style of architecture and ornamen- 
 tation in vogue during the period of 
 the later Roman Empire : n. the dia- 
 lect of Languedoc. 
 
 Romanic (-man'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to Rome, or the Romanesque dia- 
 lects. 
 
 romantic (-man'tik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or of the nature of, romance ; 
 extravagant ; fanciful ; ideal ; full of 
 wild and fantastic scenery. 
 
 romanticism ('ti-sizm), n. the state 
 
 or quality of being romantic; the 
 reactionary movement in opposition 
 to cold classical literary forms, be- 
 gun in Germany in the 18th century. 
 
 Romany (rom'a-ni), n. a Gipsy; 
 Gipsy language. 
 
 romp (romp), n. an unrestrained, 
 boisterous girl ; rough play or frolic : 
 v.i. to play in a boisterous, unre- 
 strained manner. 
 
 ronde (rond), n. _a kind of type. 
 
 rondeau (ron'do), n. ; pi. rondeaux, 
 ('doz), a little poem of 13 verses or 
 lines; a light air or jig [Mus.]. 
 Also rondo. 
 
 rondel ('del), n. a poem of 14 lines; 
 small round tower. 
 
 Rontgen rays. See Roentgen rays. 
 
 rood (rood), n. 40 square poles or 
 perches ; a cross or crucifix. 
 
 rood-loft ('loft), n. the gallery in a 
 church over the entrance to the choir 
 where the rood was fixed. 
 
 roof (roof), n. the top covering of a 
 house or other building ; canopy ; 
 palate of the mouth : v.t. to cover 
 with a roof. 
 
 roof-garden, n. a summer pleasure 
 resort, of Eastern origin, on the 
 roof of a convenient building. 
 
 roof -tree ('tre), n. a roof-beam; 
 roof ; home. 
 
 rook (rook), n. a bird of the crow 
 family ; a swindler or sharper ; the 
 castle in chess : v.t. & v.i. to swindle 
 or cheat. 
 
 rookery ('er-i), n. a group of nests 
 on trees where rooks resort; colony 
 of rooks; place of low resort; low 
 slum. 
 
 room (room), n. unoccupied place or 
 space ; apartment of a house ; free- 
 dom to act ; opportunity ; place of 
 another ; a deep blue dye : v.i. to 
 lodge. 
 
 roomily ('i-!i), adv. spaciously. 
 
 roominess ('i-nes), n. spaciousness. 
 
 roomy ('i), adj. spacious. 
 
 roorback (roor'bak), n. a lie; ficti- 
 tious report made for the purpose 
 of influencing an election. 
 
 roost (roost), n. the pole, perch, &c, 
 upon which a bird rests at night; 
 number of fowls resting together : 
 v.i. to sit or sleep upon a perch, &c. ; 
 lodge. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rod 
 
 rooster ('er), n. the domestic cock. 
 
 root (root), n. that part of a plant 
 that descends and fixes itself in the 
 earth by which the plant is nour- 
 ished ; edible root ; anything resem- 
 bling a root ; foundation ; basis, or 
 origin ; fundamental note of any 
 chord [Music] ; that quantity which 
 multiplied by itself produces a given 
 quantity ; the part of a word which 
 expresses its primary or essential 
 meaning, as distinguished from a 
 derivative : v.t. to fix by the root ; 
 plant in the earth ; implant deeply ; 
 to dig or burrow with the snout ; 
 eradicate (with out) : v.i. to take 
 root. 
 
 rootlet ('let), n. a radicle. 
 
 rope (rop), n. a thick cord, usually 
 over one inch in circumference, of 
 several strands twisted together ; 
 small cable ; halter ; series of things 
 connected : v.t. to fasten or draw 
 with a rope ; curb (a horse) so as to 
 prevent him winning a race : v.i. to 
 draw into viscous threads. 
 
 ropiness ('i-nes), n. tendency to draw 
 out into viscous filaments ; partial 
 viscosity. 
 
 ropy ('i), adj. like a rope; viscous. 
 
 Roquefort (rok'for), n. a French 
 mold-streaked cheese made from 
 ewe's milk. 
 
 rorqual (ror'kwal), n. a whale with 
 dorsal fins. 
 
 rosaceous (ro-za/shus) , adj. composed 
 of several petals arranged in a cir- 
 cular form ; consisting of roses. 
 
 rosary ('za-ri), n. [pi. rosaries (-riz) ], 
 a garland or chaplet ; a string of 
 threaded beads by which prayers 
 are counted ; the prayers repeated as 
 thus counted. 
 
 rose (roz), n. a plant of the genus 
 Rosa or its well known flower ; rose- 
 color ; knot of ribbons ; rosette ; a 
 perforated nozzle : p.t. of rise. 
 
 roseate (ro'ze-at), adj. rose-colored; 
 rose-like ; blooming. 
 
 rose -diamond ('di-a-mund), n. a 
 diamond cut into 24 triangular fa- 
 cets. 
 
 rosemary (roz'ma-ri), n. a sweet- 
 smelling evergreen shrub from which 
 an aromatic water is distilled. 
 
 rot 
 
 rosette (-ef), n. a cluster of ribbons 
 arranged like a rose. 
 
 rose- window ('win-do), n. a circu- 
 lar window with compartments 
 branching from the center. 
 
 rosewood ('wood), n. a Brazilian 
 wood used as a veneer. 
 
 rosily ('i-li), adv. with a rosy glow. 
 
 rosin (roz'in), n. another form of 
 resin ; specifically, inspissated tur- 
 pentine : v.t. to rub with rosin. 
 
 ross (ros), n. the outer rough bark 
 of trees ; tan bark : v.t. to remove 
 the outer bark or rough surface of. 
 
 roster ('ter), n. list or muster-roll 
 showing how the duties of military 
 officers, regiments, &c, are regu- 
 lated. 
 
 rostral ('tral), adj. pertaining to, or 
 like, a beak. 
 
 rostrate ('trat), adj. furnished with 
 a beak or beak-like process. 
 
 rostrum ('trum), n. [pi. rostrums 
 ('trumz), or rostra ('tra)L the 
 beak of a bird ; in ancient Rome, a 
 pulpit or elevated platform in the 
 Forum, adorned with the beaks or 
 prows of ships taken from the ene- 
 my, and from which orators, &c, 
 addressed the people : hence a pulpit 
 or platform; prow of an ancient 
 war vessel. 
 
 rosy (roz'i), adj. like a rose; red; 
 blooming; charming; very favora- 
 ble. 
 
 rot (rot), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. rotted, p.pr. 
 rotting], to purtrefy or become de- 
 composed ; decay : v.t. to make pu- 
 trid or corrupt : n. putrefaction ; de- 
 composition ; nonsense. 
 
 rotary (ro'ta-ri), adj. turning on an 
 axis ; pertaining to rotation. Also 
 rotatory- 
 rotate ('tat), v.t. to revolve on, or as 
 on, an axis ; cause to turn : v.i. to 
 turn round like a wheel : adj. wheel- 
 shaped. 
 
 rotation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
 turning round on an axis, like a 
 wheel ; regular succession. 
 
 rotative ('ta-tiv), adj. revolving. 
 
 rotator ('ter), n. that which imparts 
 a circular motion ; a muscle having 
 such power. 
 
 rotatory (ro'ta-to-ri), same as ro- 
 tary. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rot 
 
 rote (rot), n. mechanical repetition, 
 or learning without understanding. 
 
 rotifer (ro-ti-fer), n. an individual of 
 the Rotifera, the wheel-animalcules. 
 
 rotor (ro'ter), n. the part of a dyna- 
 mo which rotates. 
 
 rotten (rot'n), adj. putrefied; decom- 
 posed ; unsound ; untrustworthy. 
 
 rottenstone (-ston), n. a soft stone 
 used as a polishing powder. 
 
 rotund (ro-tund'), adj. spherical. 
 
 rotunda (-tun'da), n. a circular 
 domed building. Also rotundo. 
 
 rotundity ('di-ti), n. roundness. 
 
 rouble (roo'bl), adj. a Russian silver 
 coin of varying value, used as a 
 monetary unite (about 77 cents). 
 
 roue (-a'), n. a fashionable sensual- 
 ist ; confirmed rake ; debauchee. 
 
 rouge (roozh), n. a cosmetic of red 
 color used for imparting a tint to 
 the cheeks and lips ; a kind of lake 
 color : v.i. to color or paint with 
 rouge. 
 
 rouge-et-noir (-a-nwar'), n. a gam- 
 bling game played with cards and 
 a table marked with two black and 
 two red diamond-shaped spots. 
 
 rough (ruf), adj. having inequalities 
 on the surface ; rugged ; not smooth 
 or plane ; uneven ; uncut ; unpol- 
 ished; harsh to the ear; uncivil; 
 austere ; cruel ; unfeeling ; violent ; 
 boisterous ; hard-featured ; shaggy ; 
 vague: adv. roughly: v.t. to shape 
 out roughly; furnish (a horse) 
 with roughened shoes ; break in (a 
 horse). 
 
 roughen ('en), v.t. to make rough: 
 v.i. to become rough. 
 
 roulade (rod-lad'), n. a flourish or 
 rapid movement [Music]. 
 
 rouleau (-lo'), n. a little roll, espe- 
 cially of coins made up in paper. 
 
 roulette (-let'), n. a game of chance 
 played with a revolving disc and 
 ball ; a wheeled instrument for mak- 
 ing dotted lines. 
 
 r ounce (rouns), n. the handle of a 
 printing press. 
 
 round (round), adj. circular; spheri- 
 cal ; globular ; cylindrical ; plump ; 
 corpulent ; whole ; considerable ; 
 large : adv. on all sides ; circularly ; 
 from one side or party to another : 
 n. a circle, sphere, or globe; cir- 
 
 cuit or tour ; routine ; step of a 
 ladder ; constantly recurring series ; 
 cycle ; round dance ; accustomed 
 walk ; volley of firearms ; a song in 
 which all the company take part : 
 prep, about ; on every side of ; 
 around : v.t. to make round ; travel 
 or pass round : v.i. to go the rounds, 
 as a patrol, &c. ; grow or become 
 round. 
 
 roundabout ('a-bout), adj. indirect; 
 encompassing : n. a merry-go-round ; 
 a short coat or jacket. 
 
 roundel (roun'del), n. a circle; 
 roundelay ; a small circular Norman 
 shield ; semi-circular bastion. 
 
 roundelay ('de-la), n. an ancient 
 song or dance in which the passages 
 are repeated. 
 
 roundhand (round'hand), n. pen- 
 manship in well-rounded letters. 
 
 Roundhead ('hed), n. a contemptu- 
 ous epithet applied to the Puritans 
 by the Cavaliers, from the close-cut 
 hair of the former. 
 
 roundhouse ('hous), n. formerly a 
 watch-house ; the cabin on the after 
 part of a ship's deck ; a building 
 having stalls for the housing of loco- 
 motives. 
 
 roundly ('li), adv. in a round form; 
 straightforwardly. 
 
 round number (num'ber), n. a num- 
 ber divisible by 10. 
 
 round-robin ('rob-in), n. a petition 
 having the signatures written in a 
 circle so as not to show who signed 
 it first. 
 
 roundsman ('z-man), n. a police in- 
 spector who visits the officers on 
 their beats. 
 
 round-tower ('tow-er), n. an ancient 
 circular tapering tower, as in Ire- 
 land, with a conical top, usually 
 near a church or monastery. 
 
 rouse (rouz), v.t. to awaken; stir to 
 thought or action; drive (game) 
 from a covert. 
 
 rousing ('ing), p.adj. stirring; ex- 
 citing ; startling ; exceeding. 
 
 roust (roust), v.t. to disturb. 
 
 roustabout ('a-bout), n. an idler or 
 loafer ; a laborer on a steam vessel. 
 
 rout (rout), n. total defeat and flight 
 of an army ; resulting disorder from 
 such defeat ; tumultuous crowd ; up- 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rots 
 
 rue 
 
 roar ; a large evening party ; the at- 
 tempt of three or more persons to 
 avenge some common wronsr by an 
 illegal act : v.t. to defeat and put to 
 disorderly flight. 
 
 route (root), n. way or road trav- 
 eled; course; journey; march. 
 
 routine (roo-ten'), n. course of busi- 
 ness or official duties regularly pur- 
 sued ; regular habit or practice. 
 
 ronx (roo), n. a thickening for soups, 
 &c, of melted butter and flour. 
 
 rove (rov), v.i. to wander or ramble: 
 v.t. draw through an eye. 
 
 rover ('er), n. a robber; wanderer; 
 fickle person. 
 
 roving _('ing), p. adj. rambling. 
 
 row (ro), n. line, file, or rank; ex- 
 cursion in a row-boat ; noisy dis- 
 turbance (rou) : v.i. to labor with 
 an oar ; be impelled by oars : v.t. to 
 impel by means of oars : as to row 
 a boat. 
 
 rowan (rou'an), n. the mountain-ash. 
 Also roan. 
 
 rowdy (rou'di), n. a rough, riotous 
 fellow : adj. rough and riotous. 
 
 rowdyism (-izm), n. rude, riotous 
 conduct ; blackguardism. 
 
 rowel ('el), 11. the small sharp-point- 
 ed wheel of a spur; flat ring on a 
 horse's bit. 
 
 rowen ('en)_, n. aftermath. 
 
 rowlock (ro'lok), n. the crutch or 
 hollow in the gunwale of a boat in 
 which the oar rests in rowing. 
 
 royal (roi'al), adj. pertaining to a 
 king or to the crown ; befitting or 
 like a king ; majestic ; kingly ; no- 
 ble ; magnificent ; specially patron- 
 ized or founded by a king, or in 
 his service : n. a size of paper, 25 
 x 20 in. ; one of the shoots of a 
 stag's head; the highest sail of a 
 ship ; a gold coin formerly current 
 in England: pi. the first regiment 
 of foot in the British army (with 
 the) . 
 
 royalism (-izm), n. adherence to the 
 principles or cause of royalty or 
 government by a king. 
 
 royalist (-ist), n. an adherent of a 
 king or government by a king. 
 
 royally (-li), adv. in a royal man- 
 ner. 
 
 royalty ('al-ti), n. [pi. royalties 
 
 (-tiz)], the character, or status, of 
 a king; person of a king or sover- 
 eign ; a certain sum paid to the 
 crown or other proprietor on the 
 produce of a mine, &c. ; a percentage 
 for the use of a patent or copyright ; 
 royal manor. 
 
 Royston-crow (rois'ton-kro), n. the 
 hooded crow. 
 
 rub (rub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rubbed, 
 p.pr. rubbing], to apply pressure 
 with motion to the surface of ; clean 
 or scour ; wipe ; polish : v.i. to make 
 a friction ; get through difficulties ; 
 fret : n. the act of rubbing ; that 
 which is rubbed ; friction ; obstruc- 
 tion ; pinch ; jibe. 
 
 rubber ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, rubs ; india-rubber ; coarse 
 file or whetstone ; in card-playing, 
 two games out of three, or the win- 
 ning game : v.i. to pry. 
 
 rubbish, ('ish), n. mixed or waste 
 fragments ; ruins of buildings ; any 
 mingled mass ; anything of no 
 value; nonsense. 
 
 rubble ('1), n. rough undressed 
 stone ; builders' rubbish. 
 
 rubescent (roo-bes'ent), adj. becom- 
 ing red. 
 
 rubican ('bi-kan), adj. noting a bay, 
 or grey-black color, with white or 
 light-grey on the flanks : said of a 
 horse. 
 
 rubicund ('bi-kund), adj. inclined to 
 red. 
 
 rubidium (-bid'i-um), n. a metallic 
 element. 
 
 rubied ('bid), adj. ruby-colored. 
 
 rubigo ('bi-go), n. rust or mildew on 
 plants. 
 
 rubric ('brik), n. the directions for 
 liturgical use in prayer-books, for- 
 merly printed in red; title or direc- 
 tion printed in red : v.t. to rubri- 
 cate : adj. pertaining to, or marked 
 in, rubrics ; red. 
 
 rubricate ('bri-kat), v.t. to mark, or 
 distinguish, with red. 
 
 ruby ('bi), n. [pi. rubies ('biz)], a 
 precious stone, varying in color from 
 carmine-red to crimson ; a size^ of 
 type used in England, smaller than 
 nonpareil and larger than pearl. 
 
 ruche (roosh), n. frilled or plaited 
 lace, silk, &c, for edging dresses, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
rue 
 
 rum 
 
 &c. Also ruching : v.t. to make, or 
 ornament with, a ruche. 
 
 ruck (ruk), v.t. to wrinkle or crease: 
 n. a wrinkle or crease ; a heap ; a 
 fag-end ; the crowd of horses that 
 come in at the end of a race. 
 
 ruction ('shun), n. a row; disturb- 
 ance. 
 
 rudd (rud), n. a red-eyed fresh- water 
 fish. 
 
 rudder ('er), n. the frame of wood or 
 metal by which a vessel is steered ; 
 anything that directs or governs. 
 
 ruddiness ('i-nes), n. redness of 
 complexion denoting perfect health ; 
 redness. 
 
 ruddle ('1), n. red ochre. 
 
 ruddock ('ok), n. the robin red- 
 breast. 
 
 ruddy ('i), adj. approaching to red- 
 ness ; florid ; fresh-colored ; flesh- 
 colored : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ruddied, 
 p.pr. ruddying], to make ruddy. 
 
 rude (rood), adj. [comp. ruder, su- 
 perl. rudest], rough; barbarous; 
 uncultivated ; harsh ; ignorant ; un- 
 polite ; tempestuous ; robust ; strong ; 
 rugged ; crude. 
 
 rudely ('li), adv. in a rude manner. 
 
 rudeness ('nes), n. the state of being 
 rude ; rude conduct ; incivility ; un- 
 skilfulness. 
 
 rudiment ('i-ment), n. first princi- 
 ple; anything in its first or unde- 
 veloped state : v.t. to instruct in first 
 principles. 
 
 rudimentary (-men'ta-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to, or containing, first prin- 
 ciples ; in an undeveloped state. 
 Also rudimental. 
 
 rue (rod), v.t. to lament or be sorry 
 for ; repent of : n. an herb of bitter 
 taste and strong odor, used as a 
 medicine. 
 
 rueful ('fool), adj. mournful; sad. 
 
 ruefully (-li), adv. mournfully ; sadly. 
 
 ruff (ruf), n. a large frilled collar; 
 anything plaited ; a small fresh- 
 water fish (also ruffe) ; a kind of 
 snipe (Fern, reeve) ; a kind of 
 pigeon : v.t. to disorder or ruffle ; 
 trump at whist instead of following 
 suit. 
 
 ruffian ('i-an), n. a brutal, boisterous 
 fellow ; any base, low character, as a 
 robber, &c. 
 
 ruffle ('1), v.t. to wrinkle, pucker, or 
 disarrange ; furnish or adorn with 
 ruffles ; annoy or vex : v.i. to grow 
 rough or turbulent ; flutter ; be in 
 disorder : n. a plaited article of 
 dress ; agitation ; discomposure ; low 
 roll of a drum. 
 
 rufous (roo'fus), adj. yellowish-red. 
 
 rug (rug), n. an adjustable floor cov- 
 ering, usually of a textile heavier 
 than carpeting ; a coarse warm nap- 
 py woolen cloth, used as a coverlet 
 or wrap. 
 
 rugae ('je), n.pl. wrinkles. 
 
 rugate (rSo'gat), adj. wrinkled; 
 ridged. Also rugose, rugous. 
 
 rugged (rug'ed), adj. having an un- 
 even surface ; rough ; shaggy ; bru- 
 tal ; uncouth ; crabbed. 
 
 ruin (roo'in), n. overthrow; destruc- 
 tion; downfall; loss of happiness; 
 cause of destruction or decay ; ruined 
 building, &c. : v.t. to pull down, de- 
 stroy, subvert, overthrow, or impov- 
 erish. 
 
 ruined ('ind), adj. demolished; de- 
 stroyed ; decayed. 
 
 ruinous ('us), adj. fallen into ruin; 
 decayed ; consisting of ruins ; de- 
 structive ; hurtful. 
 
 rule (rool), n. standard or guide; 
 maxim or precept ; government ; law 
 or regulation ; canon ; an instru- 
 ment for drawing lines ; method of 
 performing any operation ; order 
 made between parties to a suit on 
 motion, or to regulate the practice 
 of a court : v.t. to govern or control ; 
 settle as by a rule ; manage or re- 
 strain ; establish by a decision ; 
 mark with lines : v.i. to decide ; ex- 
 ercise superior authority. 
 
 ruler ('er), n. one who rules or gov- 
 erns ; an instrument for ruling lines. 
 
 ruling ('ing), p. adj. governing or 
 having control ; marking with- lines ; 
 predominant : n. sl rule laid down 
 by a judge or court. 
 
 rum (rum), n. spirit distilled from 
 the fermented juice of the sugar- 
 cane : adj. strange ; odd. 
 
 rumble ('bl), v.i. to make a low, 
 heavy, continued sound : n. a rum- 
 bling sound ; seat for servants be- 
 hind a carriage. 
 
 ftte, arm, ask, at, awl ; m§, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, thm. 
 
rus 
 
 rumbling ('bling), adj. making a 
 rumble : n. same as rumble. 
 
 rumen (roo'men), n. the first stom- 
 ach of a ruminant animal. 
 
 ruminant ('mi-nant), adj. chewing 
 the cud : n. an animal that chews 
 the cud. 
 
 ruminate ('mi-naty, v.i. to chew the 
 cud ; meditate or muse ; ponder : v.t. 
 to chew again. 
 
 rumination (-na'shun), n. the act of 
 chewing the cud ; meditation. 
 
 ruminator ('mi-na-ter), n. one who 
 muses or meditates on any subject. 
 
 rummage (rum'aj), v.t. to search 
 carefully for ; ransack : v.i. to make 
 a careful search : n. a careful search- 
 ing. 
 
 rummage sale (sal), n. a sale of 
 unclaimed goods at the docks or at 
 a warehouse, &c. ; sale of miscel- 
 laneous articles for a charitable ob- 
 ject. 
 
 rumor (roo'mer), n. popular report; 
 current story : v.t. to circulate by 
 report. 
 
 rump (rump), n. the end of the back- 
 bone of an animal, with its adja- 
 cent parts; buttocks; fag-end. 
 
 rumple (rum'pl), n. a fold or plait: 
 v.t. to fold or plait ; make uneven. 
 
 rumpus ('pus), n. great disturbance. 
 
 run (run), v.i. [p.t. ran, p.p. run, 
 p.pr. running], to pass quickly with 
 the legs over the ground ; extend ; 
 move swiftly ; flee for escape ; con- 
 tend in a race ; sail ; flow ; melt ; 
 pass ; shoot ; discharge matter ; 
 make sudden pressing demands ; con- 
 tinue in time : v.t. to cause to move 
 swiftly ; push ; force ; fuse or melt ; 
 smuggle ; start as a candidate ; pur- 
 sue in thought : n. the act of run- 
 ning ; course run ; flow or discharge ; 
 free access ; distance sailed ; sudden 
 pressing demand ; pair of mill- 
 stones ; prevalence ; large grazing 
 ground ; in cricket, distance run be- 
 tween the wickets. 
 
 runagate ( 'a-gat ) , n. a fugitive ; 
 renegade. 
 
 runcinate ('si-nat), adj. having the 
 lobes (of a leaf) convex before and 
 straight behind. 
 
 rundle ('dl), n. the step of a ladder. 
 
 runes (roonz), n.pl. runic letters or 
 poetry. 
 
 rung (rung), p.t. of ring : n. step of a 
 ladder ; a floor-timber in a ship ; 
 spar. 
 
 runic (roo'nik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 consisting of, runes : n. the alphabet 
 of the earliest Teutonic nations, the 
 letters of which consisted principally 
 of straight lines. 
 
 runlet (run'let), n. a rivulet; a small 
 barrel containing about 18 gals. 
 
 runnel ('el), n. a little brook. 
 
 runner ( 'er ) , n. one who runs ; racer ; 
 messenger ; keel to suppfcrt a sleigh ; 
 roller ; slender, prostrate, shooting 
 sprig ; revolving millstone ; rope to 
 increase the mechanical power of a 
 tackle. 
 
 running ('ing), adj. moving swiftly* 
 kept for a race ; being in motion ; 
 continuous ; discharging pus : n. the 
 act of moving swiftly ; that which 
 runs or flows ; discharge of pus. 
 
 runt (runt), n. a dwarf animal; 
 stump. 
 
 rupee (roo-pe'), n. an East Indian 
 coin, worth about 48 cents. 
 
 rupture (rup'tur), n. the act of 
 bursting or breaking ; state of being 
 broken or violently burst asunder ; 
 breach or interruption of friendly 
 relations ; hernia : v.t. to burst or 
 break violently asunder ; to affect 
 with hernia : v.i. to suffer a breach 
 or disruption. 
 
 rural (roo'ral), adj. pertaining to, or 
 characteristic of, the country or ag- 
 riculture ; rustic. 
 
 rural dean (den), n. an ecclesiastic 
 having the supervision of the 
 churches in a rural deanery or dis- 
 trict. 
 
 ruralist ('ral-ist), n. one who leads a 
 rural life. 
 
 ruralize ('ral-iz), v.t. to render ru- 
 ral : v.i. to become rural. 
 
 rurally (-li), adv. as in the country. 
 
 ruse (rooz), n. a trick; stratagem. 
 
 rush (rush), v.i. to move or press 
 forward with impetuosity ; enter 
 with undue eagerness : n. a driving 
 forward with eagerness and haste; 
 a plant of many species growing on 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ryt 
 
 wet ground ; anything worthless or 
 of little value. 
 
 rusk (rusk), n. a kind of light bis- 
 cuit. 
 
 Russ, same as Russian. 
 
 russet (rus'et), adj. reddish-brown; 
 homespun ; coarse : n. russet color ; 
 homespun cloth ; a variety of apple. 
 
 russety ('et-i), adj. russet-colored. 
 
 Russia leather (rush'a leth'er) , n. 
 a strong soft leather prepared from 
 the hides of sheep and cattle steeped 
 in birch-oil. 
 
 rust (rust), n. the reddish matter 
 formed on iron and steel : red oxide 
 of iron ; anything resembling rust ; 
 mildew on cereals ; loss of power by 
 inactivity : v.i. to contract rust ; de- 
 generate in idleness: v.t. to cause 
 to contract rust ; impair by time or 
 inactivity. 
 
 rustic (Ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 characteristic of, the country ; ru- 
 ral ; artless ; unpolished ; unadorned : 
 n. a countryman ; peasant. 
 
 rustically (-al-li), adv. in a rural 
 manner. 
 
 rusticalness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being rustic ; rudeness. 
 
 rusticate ('i-kat), v.i. to reside in 
 the country : v.t. to banish for a 
 time from college. 
 
 rustication (-ka'shun), n. residence 
 in the country ; temporary banish- 
 ment from a college. 
 
 rusticity (-tis'i-ti), n. rural man- 
 ners or simplicity ; rudeness. 
 
 rustily (rust'i-li), adv. in a rusty 
 condition. 
 
 rustiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being rusty. 
 
 rustle (rus'l), v.i. to make a soft 
 whispering sound, as the rubbing 
 together of silk or dry leaves ; to 
 bestir one's self : n. a rustling. . 
 
 rustler ('ler), n. one who rustles; an 
 enterprising, successful man. 
 
 rustless (rust'les), a. not liable to 
 or free from rust. 
 
 rustling ('ling), n. the soft whis- 
 pering sound made by rubbing silk 
 or dry leaves together ; rustle. 
 
 rustre (rus'ter), n. an overlapping 
 scale in mail armor. 
 
 rusty ( rust'i ) , adj. covered with rust ; 
 impaired by inactivity ; rust-colored. 
 
 rut (rut), n. the copulation and sex- 
 ual desire of deer and certain other 
 animals ; the track of a wheel ; 
 groove or hollow : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 rutted, p.pr. rutting], to be moved 
 with sexual desire, as deer, &c. : v.t. 
 to cut into ruts. 
 
 rutabaga ( roo-ta-ba'ga ) , n. a varie- 
 ty of turnip larger than the common 
 turnip and of a yellowish color. 
 
 ruth (rooth), n. pity; compassion; 
 tenderness ; sorrow. 
 
 ruthenium ( roo-the'ni-um ) , n. a me- 
 tallic element extracted from plati- 
 num ore. 
 
 ruthless ('les), adj. cruel; pitiless. 
 
 rutilant ('til-ant), adj. shining. 
 
 rutile ('til), n. red oxide of titanium. 
 
 ruttish ( rut'ish ) , adj. lustful ; wan- 
 ton. 
 
 rye (rl),_n. a hardy cereal. 
 
 rynd (rind), n. the supporting iron 
 bar of an upper mijlstone. 
 
 rytidosis ( rit'i-do'sis ) , n. the decay 
 or shriveling of the outer coat or 
 cornea of the eyeball. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; m5, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n<5rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; htie, hut ; think, then. 
 
sabaoth (sa-ba'oth), n.pl. armies; 
 hosts. 
 
 Sabbatarian (sab-a-ta/ri-an), adj. 
 pertaining to the Sabbath or to 
 Sabbatarianism : n. a rigid observer 
 of the Sabbath ; one who keeps the 
 Sabbath on the seventh day. 
 
 Sabbatarianism (-izm), n. the ten- 
 ets and practices of the Sabbata- 
 rians. 
 
 Sabbath ('ath), n. the seventh day 
 of the week, observed by the Jews 
 as a day of rest, commencing from 
 sunset on Friday and ending at 
 sunset on Saturday ; the Christian 
 Sunday ; Sabbatical year. 
 
 Sabbatical (-at'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or resembling, the Sabbath. 
 Also Sabbatic. 
 
 Sabbatical year (yer), n. among 
 the ancient Jews, every seventh 
 year, in which the lands and vine- 
 yards of the Israelites were allowed 
 to remain fallow. 
 
 saber, sabre (sa'ber), n.- a cavalry 
 sword : v.t. to cut, wound, or kill 
 with, or as with, a saber. 
 
 Sabian (sa'bi-an), adj. pertaining to, 
 or characteristic of, Sabianism. 
 
 Sabianism (-izm), n. the worship 
 of the heavenly hosts, as symbolical 
 of the Deity. 
 
 Sabine ('bin), adj. pertaining to an 
 Italian race, subsequently merged 
 into the Roman. 
 
 sable (sa'bl), n. a kind of weasel 
 valued for its handsome, dark, glossy 
 fur ; in heraldry, black : pi. mourn- 
 ing dress : adj. dark-colored ; black. 
 
 sabot (sa-bo'), n. a wooden shoe worn 
 by the peasantry of France, &c. 
 
 sac (sak), n. a bag or membranous 
 
 receptacle; cyst; an ancient privi- 
 lege of a lord of a manor to hold a 
 court. 
 
 sac cade (sak-ad'), n. a sudden check 
 with the bridle ; strong pressure of 
 the bow of a violin against the 
 strings. 
 
 saccharine ('a-rin), adj. pertaining 
 to, or having the qualities of, sugar : 
 n. the uncrystallized sugar of malt- 
 wort. 
 
 saccharize ('a-riz), v.t. to convert 
 into sugar. Also saccharify. 
 
 saccharoid ('a-roid), adj. having a 
 texture resembling loaf-sugar. 
 
 saccharometer (-rom'e-ter), n. an 
 instrument for determining the 
 quantity of sugar in liquids. 
 
 saccholactic (-6-lak'tik), adj. ob- 
 tained from the sugar of milk ; mu- 
 cic acid. 
 
 saccule ('ul), n. a little sac or cyst. 
 
 sacerdotal (sas-er-do'tal), adj. per- 
 taining to priests or to the priest- 
 hood ; priestly. 
 
 sacerdotalism (-izm), n. sacerdotal 
 spirit or system; tendency to em- 
 phasize the priestly office or its sa- 
 cred character. 
 
 sacerdotally (-li), adv. in a sacer- 
 dotal manner. 
 
 sachem (sa'chem), n. a North Ameri- 
 can Indian chief. 
 
 sachet (sa-sha'), n. a small bag or' 
 cushion filled with a perfume. 
 
 sack (sak), n. a bag or pouch, espe- 
 cially a large coarse bag for holding 
 grain, &c. ; quantity contained by a 
 sack ; loose garment or cloak ; a 
 Spanish dry wine; plunder or pil- 
 lage by soldiery of a town taken 
 by storm ; dismissal (with the) : v.t. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sac 
 
 saf 
 
 to plunder or pillage; ravage; put 
 into sacks ; dismiss from service. 
 
 sackbut ('but), n. an ancient musi- 
 cal instrument of the lyre kind ; a 
 kind of trombone. 
 
 sackcloth ('kloth), n. coarse mate- 
 rial of which sacks are made ; coarse 
 rough cloth worn as a token of 
 mourning. 
 
 sackful ('fool), n. the quantity a 
 sack will hold. 
 
 sacking ('ing), n. coarse material 
 used for making sacks. 
 
 sacrament ('ra-ment), n. a sign or 
 pledge of grace; an outward and 
 visible sign of an inward and spir- 
 itual grace, instituted by Jesus 
 Christ ; holy baptism, the eueharist, 
 Lord's supper. 
 
 sacramental (-ment'al), adj. per- 
 taining to, or constituting, a sacra- 
 ment; solemnly pledged. 
 
 sacrament ally (-li), adv. in a sac- 
 ramental manner. 
 
 sacred (sa'kred), adj. pertaining to 
 religion or to religious uses ; con- 
 secrated ; inviolable. 
 
 sacrifice ('ri-fis), n. the act of sac- 
 rificing or offering to a deity, es- 
 pecially a victim on an altar; that 
 which is so offered ; destruction or 
 giving up one thing for another ; 
 goods sold at a loss : v.t. to offer to 
 God or a deity in worship ; destroy 
 or surrender to gain some other 
 object ; devote with loss ; kill ; sell 
 at a loss : v.i. to offer sacrifice. 
 
 sacrificial (-ri-fish'al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, consisting in, or offering, 
 sacrifice. Also sacrificatory. 
 
 sacrificially (-li), adv. by sacrifice. 
 
 sacrilege ('ri-lej), n. the crime of 
 appropriating to one's self or to sec- 
 ular use what is consecrated to God 
 or religion ; breaking into a church 
 and committing felony. 
 
 sacrilegious (-le'jus), adj. violating 
 sacred things ; guilty of sacrilege ; 
 profane. 
 
 sacrilegist ('ri-le-jist), «. one guilty 
 of sacrilege. 
 
 sacring-bell (sa'kring-bel), n. the 
 sanctus-bell, rung when the Host is 
 elevated at high mass. 
 
 sacrist (sa'krist), n. a cathedral offi- 
 
 cial who copies the music for the 
 choir ; minor canon ; sacristan. 
 
 sacristan (sak'ris-tan), n. one who 
 has the care of church vessels and 
 movables. 
 
 sacristy ('is-ti), n. an apartment in 
 a church where the sacred vessels, 
 vestments, &c, are kept ; vestry. 
 
 sacrosanct ('ro-sangkt), adj. pre- 
 eminently sacred Or inviolable. 
 
 sacrum (sa'krum), n. sl triangular- 
 shaped bone at the base of the ver- 
 tebral column. 
 
 sad (sad), adj. [comp. sadder, superl. 
 saddest], full of grief; mournful; 
 sorrowful ; sober or sedate ; dark- 
 colored. 
 
 sadden ('n), v.t. to make sad or sor- 
 rowful; tone down: v.i. to become 
 sad. 
 
 saddle ('1), n. a seat, usually of 
 leather, for riding on horseback ; 
 anything resembling a saddle ; block 
 of wood nailed to the lower yard- 
 arm : v.t. to place a saddle upon ; 
 burden or embarrass. 
 
 saddle-bow (-bo), n. the pieces 
 which form the pommel or arched 
 part of a saddle. 
 
 saddlery ('ler-i), n. the business of 
 a saddler; articles made by a sad- 
 dler. 
 
 Sadducean (-u-se'an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or characteristic of, the Sad- 
 duces. 
 
 Sadducee ('u-se), n. one of the an- 
 cient Jewish sect or school that ad- 
 hered to the written law and denied 
 the resurrection of the dead. 
 
 safe (saf), adj. free from danger, in- 
 jury, or damage, secure ; securing 
 from harm ; no longer dangerous ; 
 sound ; sure : n. a fire- or burglar- 
 proof iron chest ; cupboard. 
 
 safe-conduct (-kon'dukt), n. a 
 guard or passport which ensures a 
 safe passage. 
 
 safeguard ('gard), n. one who, or 
 that which, guards or protects; de- 
 fense; protective warrant granted 
 to a foreigner : v.t. to protect or 
 guard safely. 
 
 safely ('li), adv. in a safe manner. 
 
 safety ('ti), n. freedom from danger, 
 injury, or damage ; safe keeping ; a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 D.45. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
saf 
 
 sal 
 
 bicycle with medium-sized wheels of 
 equal height. 
 
 safety -lamp (-lamp), n, a wire- 
 gauze covered lamp used in mines. 
 
 safety-valve (-valv), n. an automat- 
 ic valve in a boiler which opens 
 when the steam exceeds a certain 
 pressure. 
 
 saffron (saf 'run), n. a bulbous plant 
 of the genus Crocus, the dried stig- 
 mas of which yield a deep yellow 
 dye; deep yellow: adj. saffron-col- 
 ored. 
 
 sag (sag), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sagged, 
 p.pr. sagging], to sink down or 
 yield ; incline from an upright or 
 horizontal position; incline to lee- 
 ward: v.t. to cause tc give way or 
 incline. 
 
 sagacious (sa-ga'shus), adj. mental- 
 ly quick and discerning; judicious; 
 wise ; acute. 
 
 sagacity (-gas'i-ti), n. a readiness 
 of apprehension ; discriminative in- 
 telligence ; acute practical judgment. 
 
 sagamore (sag'a-mor), n. a North 
 American Indian chief. 
 
 sagas (sa'gaz), n.pl. a class of prose 
 epics embodying the myths and he- 
 roic tales of the ancient Scandi- 
 navians. 
 
 sage (saj), adj. wise; discerning; 
 well-judged ; discriminating ; charac- 
 terized by wisdom ; grave : n. a man 
 of experienced wisdom and of ven- 
 erable age; an aromatic herb. 
 
 sagely ('li), adv. in a sage manner. 
 
 sageness ('nes), n. wisdom; sagacity. 
 
 sago (sa'go), n. a kind of granulated 
 food-starch from the pith of certain 
 palms. 
 
 sagoin, same as saguin. 
 
 saguaro (sa-gwar'6), n. the giant 
 cactus of Mexico. 
 
 saguin (sag'win), n. a South Ameri- 
 can monkey. Also sagoin, sagouin. 
 
 saguin (sa'gum), n. an ancient Ro- 
 man military cloak. 
 
 sahib (sa'ib), n. a term of address 
 used in India and Persia to a Euro- 
 pean gentleman. 
 
 saic (sa'ik), n. a Turkish or Grecian 
 vessel common in the Levant. 
 
 said (sed), p.t. & p.p. of say. 
 
 saiga (si'ga), n. the antelope of the 
 Russian steppes. 
 
 sail (sal), n. a sheet of canvas spread 
 to catch the wind by means of which 
 a vessel is driven forward in the 
 water ; ship or vessel ; an excursion 
 in some vessel : v.i. to be moved by a 
 sail or sails; commence a voyage; 
 swim; glide through the air; pass 
 smoothly along : v.t. to pass over in 
 a ship; navigate. 
 
 sailer ('er), n. a vessel that sails, 
 with special reference to its speed, 
 or manner of sailing. 
 
 sailing ('ing), n. the art of naviga- 
 tion; the act of moving through 
 water, or of setting sail. 
 
 sailor ('er), n. a mariner; seaman. 
 
 saint (sant), n. a holy or sanctified 
 person ; one eminent for piety and 
 virtue, especially one canonized by 
 the Church of Rome ; one blessed In 
 heaven : pi. a name applied to them- 
 selves by the Mormons : v.t. to can- 
 onize : v.i. to act as a saint. 
 
 sainted ('ed), p.p. canonized: adj. 
 pious; holy; departed to heaven. 
 
 saintliness ('li-nes), n. the quality 
 of being saintly. 
 
 saintly ('li), adj. like, or befitting, 
 a saint. 
 
 saiva (si'va), n. a devotee of the 
 deity Siva. 
 
 sajou (sa-joo'), n. a South American 
 monkey. 
 
 sake (sak), n. end; purpose; cause; 
 account ; regard ; reason. 
 
 saki (sak'i), n. Japanese rice-beer; a 
 South American monkey, with a 
 non-prehensile hairy tail. 
 
 sal, a prefix meaning salt, as sal- 
 volatile, aromatic spirit of ammonia. 
 
 salaam (sa-lam'), n. an Oriental 
 form of salutation or respect, mean- 
 ing "peace." 
 
 salable (saT&-bl), adj. marketable. 
 
 salacious (sa-la'shus). adj. lustful; 
 impure. 
 
 salacity (-las'i-ti), n, lustfulness. 
 Also salaciousness. 
 
 salad (sal'ad), n. raw herbs cut up 
 and dressed with vinegar, oil, &c. 
 
 salad-days (daz), n.pl. years of 
 youthful inexperience. 
 
 salamander ('a-man-der), n. an am- 
 phibious animal resembling a newt, 
 and fabled by the ancients to live in 
 fire. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sal 
 
 salaniandrine ('drin), adj. resem- 
 bling a salamander ; fire-resisting or 
 -enduring. 
 
 salaried (sal'a-rid), p.adj. having a 
 salary. 
 
 salary ('a-ri), n. recompense, usually 
 periodically, for services rendered ; 
 stipend. 
 
 sale (sal), n. the act of selling; ex- 
 change of a commodity for an agreed 
 price ; market ; auction ; demand. 
 
 Salic law (sal'ik law), n. the law of 
 the Salian Franks excluding females 
 from the succession to the French 
 throne. 
 
 salicin ('i-sin), n. a bitter substance 
 extracted from the willow and pop-' 
 lar: the acid (salicylic acid) is used 
 as an antiseptic. 
 
 salience (sa'li-ens), n. the state of 
 being salient. 
 
 salient ('li-ent), adj. leaping; prom- 
 inent ; noting any angle less than 
 two right angles; in heraldry, in a 
 leaping position. 
 
 saliferons (sa-lif'er-us), adj. yield- 
 ing salt. 
 
 salina (sa-li'na), n. a salt-marsh; 
 salt-works. 
 
 salination (sal-i-na'shun), n. the act 
 of steeping or washing in salt liquor. 
 
 saline -(sa'lm), adj. consisting of, 
 containing, or like, salt : n. a salt- 
 spring. 
 
 saliva (sa-ll'va), n. the watery fluid 
 or spittle secreted in the mouth. 
 
 salival ('val), adj. pertaining to or 
 secreting saliva. Also salivary. 
 
 salivant (sli'i-vant), adj. exciting 
 salivation : n. a substance to excite 
 salivation. 
 
 salivate (sal'i-vat), v.t. to produce an 
 abnormal secretion in the mouth of. 
 
 salivation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
 producing an abnormal secretion of 
 saliva. 
 
 sallet (sal'et), n. a light helmet. 
 
 sallow ('o), adj. of a pale, sickly, 
 yellow color ; a small tree of the 
 willow kind. 
 
 sally ('i), n. [pi. sallies ('iz)L a sud- 
 den rushing forth of troops to attack 
 the besiegers ; sudden outburst of 
 wit or fancy ; excursion ; wild 
 gaiety : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sallied, p.pr. 
 sallying], to rush out as troops from 
 
 a besieged town ; issue or rush forth 
 suddenly. 
 
 sallyport (-port), w. a postern or 
 passage for troops to sally out. 
 
 salmagundi (-ma-gun'di), n. a com- 
 pound of chopped meats with other 
 ingredients, seasoned, &c. ; medley. 
 
 salmi ('mi), n. a ragout of roasted 
 game and other ingredients stewed 
 in wine. Salmis. 
 
 salmon (sam'un), n. a marine fish 
 of the genus Salmo, which ascends 
 fresh-water rivers to spawn. 
 
 salmon-peel (-pel), n. a young sal- 
 mon. 
 
 salmon-trout (-trout), n. a sea- 
 trout, resembling the salmon, but of 
 smaller size. 
 
 salon (sa-16ng'), n. a saloon; fine art 
 gallery : pi. fashionable circles or 
 assemblages [French]. 
 
 saloon (sa-loon'), n. a hall or state 
 apartment ; large reception room ; 
 fine art exhibition; bar-room or 
 grogshop. 
 
 salpicon (sal'pi-kon), n. chopped 
 meat, bread, and vegetables, re- 
 cooked in sauce. 
 
 salphinx (sal'pingks), n. the eusta- 
 chian tube. 
 
 salprunella (-proo-nel'a), n. nitrate 
 of potash fused and cast into balls. 
 
 salsify (sal'si-fi), n. a plant of the 
 aster family, which from the flavor 
 of its edible root is called oyster- 
 plant and vegetable oyster. 
 
 salt (sawlt), n. chloride of sodium, 
 used for seasoning and the preserva- 
 tion of meat, &c, obtained from the 
 earth or by the evaporation of sea 
 water ; anything like salt ; the com- 
 bination of an acid with a base; 
 wit; piquancy; a sailor: v.t. to 
 sprinkle or season with salt : adj. 
 flavored, seasoned, or impregnated, 
 with salt. 
 
 saltant sal'tant), adj. leaping; danc- 
 ing ; in heraldry, same as salient. 
 
 saltarello (sal-ta-rel'o), n. a viva- 
 cious Spanish and Italian dance ; 
 music for such a dance. 
 
 saltation (-ta'shun), n. a leaping or 
 dancing. 
 
 saltatory ('ta-to-ri), adj. dancing. 
 
 saltern (sawl'tern), n. a salt manu- 
 factory. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sal 
 
 saltier, saltire (sal'ter), n. a St. 
 Andrew's cross. 
 
 saltish (sawl'tish), adj. somewhat 
 salt. 
 
 salt less ('les), adj. without salt; in- 
 sipid. 
 
 salubrious (sa-loo'bri-us) , adj. 
 healthy. 
 
 salubrity ('bri-ti), n. healthfulness. 
 Also salubriousness. 
 
 salutarily (sal'u-ta-ri-li), adj. in a 
 salutary manner. 
 
 salutariuess ('u-ta-ri-nes), n. the 
 state or quality of being salutary. 
 
 salutary ( 'u-ta-ri ) , adj. healthful ; 
 wholesome ; beneficent. 
 
 salutation (-u-ta'shun), n. act or 
 manner of saluting ; greeting, or act 
 of paying respect. 
 
 salutatory (sa-lu'ta-to-ri) , adj. salut- 
 ing ; greeting : n. the opening oration 
 at the commencement in American 
 schools and colleges ; any address of 
 welcome. 
 
 salute (-hit'), n. a mark of military 
 respect shown by raising the hand 
 to the helmet, &c. ; a kiss ; greeting ; 
 salvo of artillery, lowering of a 
 flag, &c, as a mark of honor : v.t. 
 to address with kind wishes; wel- 
 come ; greet with a kiss or bow ; 
 honor by a salvo of artillery, low- 
 ering a flag, &c. : v.i. to make a 
 salute. 
 
 salvability (sal-va-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state of being salvable. 
 
 salvable ('va-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing saved. 
 
 salvage (-vaj), n. compensation given 
 to those who assist at saving a ves- 
 sel or cargo at sea; the goods or 
 vessel saved. 
 
 salvation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
 saving ; preservation from destruc- 
 tion ; rescue ; spiritual deliverance 
 from sin and death. 
 
 Salvation Army (ar'mi), n. a re- 
 ligious organization formed on a 
 quasi-military model. 
 
 Salvationist (-ist), n. a member of 
 the Salvation Army. 
 
 salve (sav), n. & healing ointment; a 
 remedy or soothing application. 
 
 salver (sal'ver), n. a tray on which 
 anything is presented. 
 
 salvo ( f v5), n. a discharge of a num- 
 
 ber of pieces of artillery, intended 
 as a salute; general, simultaneous 
 cheering ; an exception or reserva- 
 tion. 
 
 sal-volatile, see under sal. 
 
 salvor ('ver), n. one who affects the 
 salvage of goods, &c. 
 
 Samaritan (sa-mar'i-tan), adj. per- 
 taining to, or characteristic of, Sa- 
 maria, or the Samaritans ; noting 
 certain characters used by the He- 
 brews prior to the captivity : n. a 
 native of Samaria ; a kind, charita- 
 ble person (Luke x. 30-37). 
 
 sambo (sam'bo), n. the offspring of 
 a black and a mulatto ; negro. 
 
 sambur ( 'ber ) , n. the elk of the hill- 
 country of India. 
 
 same (sam), adj. identical in kind or 
 degree; exactly alike; before-men- 
 tioned. 
 
 sameness ('nes), n. identity; simi- 
 larity. 
 
 samovar (sam'o-var), n. a Russian 
 tea-urn. 
 
 samp (samp), n. hulled Indian corn. 
 
 sampan (sam'pan), n. a Chinese fish- 
 ing boat, frequently used as a resi- 
 dence. 
 
 samphire ('fer), n. a marine plant 
 growing usually on cliffs, and used 
 as a pickle. 
 
 sample ( 'pi ) , n. a specimen ; model ; 
 pattern ; part shown as indicative 
 of the quality of the whole: v.t. to 
 show something similar ; take a sam- 
 ple of. 
 
 sampler ('pier), n. a pattern; a 
 piece of ornamental needlework for 
 practice, &c. 
 
 sample-room (room), n. a dram- 
 shop. 
 
 sanability (san-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being sane. Also 
 sanableness. 
 
 sanable ('a-bl), adj. curable. 
 
 sanativeness ('a-tiv-nes), n. power 
 of healing. 
 
 sanatorium (-to'ri-um), n. a health 
 retreat ; an institution for the care 
 of invalids or the treatment of par- 
 ticular diseases. 
 
 sanatory ('a-to-ri), adj. conducive to 
 health. 
 
 sanctification ( sangk-ti-fi-ka'shun ) , 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
n. the act of sanctifying ; state of 
 being sanctified ; consecration. 
 
 sanctifier ('ti-fi-er), n. one who 
 sanctifies. 
 
 sanctimonious (-ti-mo'ni-us), adj. 
 having the appearance of, or affect- 
 ing, sancity ; hypocritical. 
 
 sanction ('shun), n. the act of rati- 
 fying, or giving authority to ; au- 
 thority ; custom : v.t. to give sanc- 
 tion to ; countenance. 
 
 sanctitude {'ti-tud), n. holiness. 
 
 sanctity ('ti-ti), n. purity; inviola- 
 bility ; sacredness ; solemnity ; a 
 saint. 
 
 sanctuary ('tu-a-ri), n. [pi. sanctu- 
 aries (-riz)], the most retired and 
 sacred part of a temple ; consecrated 
 place; temple; part of a church 
 around the altar ; inviolable asy- 
 lum ; shelter ; refuge. 
 
 sanctum ('turn), n. a sacred or pri- 
 vate place. 
 
 sanctum sanctorum (-to'rum), n. a 
 most holy place ; in the Jewish Tem- 
 ple, the Holy of Holies ; a place of 
 the utmost privacy. 
 
 sanctus bell ('tus bel), n. a bell 
 rung at the more solemn parts of the 
 
 sand (sand), n. fine particles of 
 crushed or worn rock : pi. tracts of 
 sand ; hours or time one has to live : 
 v.t. to sprinkle with sand. 
 
 sandal (san'dal), n. a kind of shoe 
 fastened by straps to the foot ; a 
 loose slipper ; the official shoe of a 
 Roman Catholic prelate or abbot. 
 
 sandaled ('dald), adj. wearing san- 
 dals. 
 
 sandalwood (-wood), n. a white- 
 colored, odoriferous wood, used in 
 cabinet-making. 
 
 sandarac ('da-rak), n. a kind of 
 resin or gum, used in varnishes. 
 Also sandarach. 
 
 sanderling ('der-ling), n. a small 
 wading-bird. 
 
 sanders ('derz), n. red sandalwood. 
 
 sandiver ('di-ver), n. a saline scum 
 which forms on glass when fused ; 
 glass-gall 
 
 sandix ('diks), n. a kind of red lead. 
 
 sandpiper (sand'pl-per), n. a name 
 for various birds of the snipe and 
 woodcock family, 
 
 sandwich ('wich), n. two thin slices 
 of bread with ham, &c, between ; 
 anything like a sandwich : v.t. to 
 place between two other persons or 
 things. 
 
 sandy ('i), adj. composed of, abound- 
 ing in, of the color of, or covered 
 with sand ; shifting ; unstable. 
 
 sane (san), adj. mentally sound or 
 healthy. 
 
 saneness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being sane. 
 
 sang, p.t. of sing. 
 
 sangaree (sang-ga-re'), n. a beverage 
 of wine or brandy and water spiced 
 with nutmeg. 
 
 sangfroid (sang-frwa/), n. cool in- 
 difference or composure [French]. 
 
 sangu ('goo), n. the Abyssinian ox. 
 
 sanguiferous ( -gwif 'er-us ) , adj. con- 
 veying blood. 
 
 sanguify ('gwi-fi), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 sanguified, p.pr. sanguifying], to 
 form or produce blood : v.t. to con- 
 vert into blood. 
 
 sanguinary ('gwi-na-ri), adj. at- 
 tended with much bloodshed ; blood- 
 thirsty ; murderous ; cruel. 
 
 sanguine ('gwin), adj. warm and 
 ardent in temper ; hopeful ; confi- 
 dent : n. blood color : v.t. to stain 
 with blood. > 
 
 sanguinely (-li), adv. in a sanguine 
 manner. 
 
 sanguineness (-nes), n. the quality 
 or state of being sanguine ; plethora ; 
 heat or ardor of temperament ; hope- 
 fulness. 
 
 sanguineous (-gwin'e-us), adj. per- 
 taining to, abounding with, or con- 
 stituting, blood ; of a blood color. 
 
 Sanhedrim (san-he'drim), n. the 
 great judicial council of the ancient 
 Jews, composed of 71 priests, scribes, 
 and elders, presided over by the high 
 priest. Also Sanhedrin. 
 
 sanies (sa'ni-ez), n. a thin reddish 
 discharge from a wound or sore. 
 
 sanitarian (san-i-ta'ri-an), adj. of 
 or pertaining to the laws of health ; 
 having regard to the public health : 
 n. one versed in, or devoted to sani- 
 tary studies ; ah advocate or pro- 
 moter of sanitary measures. 
 
 sanitarium (-ta'ri-um), n. a sana- 
 torium, especially one where the 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 c, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
treatment is phophylactic instead of 
 therapeutic. 
 
 sanitary ( san'i-ta-ri ) , adj. pertain- 
 ing to, connected with, or tending 
 to promote, health, especially by leg- 
 islative enactment ; hygienic. 
 
 sanitation (-ta'shun), n. hygiene. 
 
 sanity ('i-ti), n. saneness. 
 
 sank, p.t. of sink. 
 
 sansculotte (sanz-koo-lot'), n. a fel- 
 low without breeches ; a term of con- 
 tempt applied to the French Revo- 
 lutionists. 
 
 sanscnlotterie (-lot're), n. the 
 French Revolutionists collectively ; 
 extreme republicanism. 
 
 Sanskrit (san'skrit), n. the ancient 
 language of the Hindus. Also San- 
 scrit. 
 
 sap (sap), n. the watery circulating 
 juice of a plant ; alburnum of a 
 tree ; vital fluid ; an excavated 
 trench for approaching a fort; an 
 ardent student : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 sapped, p.pr. sapping], to deprive of 
 vitality ; undermine : v.i. to study 
 ardently, as for an examination ; 
 proceed by secretly undermining. 
 
 sapid ('id), adj. savory. 
 
 sapience (sa'pi-ens), n. knowledge; 
 wisdom. 
 
 sapient ('pi-ent), adj. wise; saga- 
 cious. 
 
 sapling (sap'ling), n. a young tree. 
 
 sapodilla (-o-dil'a), n. a tropical tree 
 yielding a large fruit, the seeds of 
 which are used in medicine. 
 
 saponaceous (-o-na'shus), adj. re- 
 sembling, or having the qualities of, 
 soap ; unctuous. 
 
 saponification (sa-pon-i-fi-ka'shun) , 
 n. conversion into soap. 
 
 saponify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 saponified, p.pr. saponifying] to con- 
 vert into soap by combination with 
 an alkali. 
 
 saporific (sap-o-rif'ik), adj. produc- 
 ing taste. 
 
 saporosity (-ros'i-ti), n. that quality 
 in a substance which excites Jhe 
 sensation of taste. 
 
 saporous ('o-rus), adj. having, or 
 stimulating, flavor. 
 
 sappan ('an), n. an Asiatic dye- 
 wood. Sapan. 
 
 sapper ('er), n. one who saps; a sol- 
 
 dier employed in sapping or digging 
 trenches. 
 
 sapphire (saf'ir), n.'a precious stone 
 of a blue color, a variety of corun- 
 dum. 
 
 sappiness (sap'i-nes), n. the quality 
 of being sappy. 
 
 sappy ('i), adj. full of sap; juicy. 
 
 saraband ( sar'a-band ) , n. a Spanish 
 dance ; music for such a dance. 
 
 Saracen ('a-sen), n. the mediaeval 
 name for an Arab or Mohammedan. 
 
 Saracenic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or characteristic of, the Saracens. 
 
 sarcasm (sar'kazm), n. a bitter, cut- 
 ting, satirical expression. 
 
 sarcastic (-kas'tik), adj. bitterly sa- 
 tirical. Also sarcastical. 
 
 sarcastically (-al-li), adv. in a sar- 
 castic manner. 
 
 sarcine (sar'sin), n. a nitrogenous 
 substance existing in muscular and 
 glandular tissues. 
 
 sarcocarp ('ko-karp), n. the fleshy 
 part of a fruit. 
 
 sarcocol ('ko-kol), n. an inspissated 
 sap or gum-resin of an African tree. 
 Sarcocollin. 
 
 sarcode ('kod), n. animal protoplasm. 
 
 sarcoderm ('ko-derm), n. the fleshy 
 layer between the interior and ex- 
 terior covering of a seed. 
 
 sarcodic (-kod'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or consisting of, sarcode. 
 
 sarcoid ('koid), adj. flesh-like. 
 
 sarcoline ('ko-lin), adj. flesh-colored. 
 
 sarcolite ('ko-lit), n. a flesh-colored 
 mineral occurring in the volcanic 
 rocks of Vesuvius. 
 
 sarcological (-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to sarcology. 
 
 sarcology (-kol'o-ji), n. that part of 
 anatomy that treats of the soft 
 parts of the body. 
 
 sarcoma (-ko'ma), 11. a fleshy tumor. 
 Also sarcosis. 
 
 sarcophagous (-kof'a-gus), adj. feed- 
 ing on flesh. 
 
 sarcophagus ('a-gus), n. a lime- 
 stone used by the Greeks for coffins ; 
 a stone coffin. 
 
 sarcotic (-kot'ik), adj. flesh-forming. 
 
 sard (sard), n. sl precious stone, a 
 deep blood-red variety of carnelian. 
 
 sardine (-den'), n. a species of pil- 
 chard, abundant in the Mediterra- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sar 
 
 sat 
 
 nean, and preserved in oil for ex- 
 portation ; ('din) a precious stone 
 mentioned in Rev. iv., the sardius. 
 
 sardonic (-don'ik), adj. forced, bit- 
 ter, or heartless : said of a laugh or 
 smile ; from a Sardinian herb, re- 
 puted to cause convulsive motions of 
 the cheek and lips when eaten. Also 
 sardonian. 
 
 sardonyx ('do-niks), n. a variety of 
 agate. 
 
 sargasso (-gas'o), n. the floating 
 sea- or gulf -weed of the North At- 
 lantic. Also sargassum. 
 
 sarsaparilla (-sa-pa-ril'a, n. a twin- 
 ing shrub found in Mexico, &c, the 
 root of which is used as a medicine. 
 
 sarsenet (sars'net), n. a thin fine 
 kind of woven silk, used for ribbons, 
 linings, &c. 
 
 sartorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
 to a tailor. 
 
 sartorions ('ri-us), n. the muscle of 
 the thigh by means of which the 
 legs can be crossed; the tailor's 
 muscle. 
 
 sash, (sash), n. a band, ribbon, or 
 scarf, worn round the waist or over 
 the shoulder ; a frame for holding 
 panes of glass : v.t. to furnish with 
 sashes. 
 
 sasin (sas'in) , n. the Indian antelope. 
 
 sassafras ('a-fras), n. a tree allied 
 to the laurel, with a fragrant root, 
 wood, and flowers. 
 
 sassoline ('o-lin), n. native boracic 
 acid. Also sassolin. 
 
 sat, p.t. of sit. 
 
 Satan (sa'tan), n. the Devil. 
 
 satanic (-tan'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or resembling, Satan ; diabolical ; 
 infernal ; very malicious. 
 
 satanism ('tan-izm), n. the evil dis- 
 position of Satan ; a diabolical spirit. 
 
 satchel (sach'el), n. a small bag for 
 carrying books, papers, &c. ; any 
 handbag. 
 
 sate (sat), v.t. to satisfy the appe- 
 tites or desires of. 
 
 sateen (sa-ten'), n. a woolen or cot- 
 ton fabric made in imitation of 
 satin. 
 
 satellite (sat'el-it), n. a small planet 
 revolving round a larger one; an 
 obsequious attendant. 
 
 satiable ( sa'shi-a-bl ) , adj. capable of 
 being gratified or satiated. 
 
 satiate ('shi-at), v.t. to fill, or grat- 
 ify fully ; surfeit ; glut : adj. glutted. 
 
 satiety (-ti'e-ti), n. fulness of grati- 
 fication beyond desire ; repletion. 
 
 satin (sat'in), n. a closely woven 
 glossy silk : adj. made of, or like, 
 satin. 
 
 satinet (-ef), n. a thin kind of satin ; 
 a glossy cloth woven with wool and 
 cotton made to resemble satin. 
 
 satiny ('in-i), adj. like satin. 
 
 satire (sat'ir), n. a species of poetry 
 in which contemporary vice and 
 folly are held up to ridicule; sar- 
 casm ; ridicule. 
 
 satiric (sa-tir'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or containing, satire ; addicted to 
 satire. Also satirical. 
 
 satirically (-al-li), adv. in a satiric 
 manner. 
 
 satirist (sat'i-rist), n. a writer of 
 satire; one who satirizes. 
 
 satirize ('i-riz), v.t. to assail or ridi- 
 cule with satire. 
 
 satisfaction (sat-is-fak'shun), n. the 
 act of satisfying; the state of being 
 satisfied ; contentment ; gratification ; 
 payment ; redress ; conviction. 
 
 satisfactory ('to-ri), ad;, giving sat- 
 isfaction or content ; making re- 
 dress ; relieving the mind from doubt 
 or uncertainty. 
 
 satisfy ('is-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. satis- 
 fied, p.pr. satisfying], to gratify to 
 the fullest degree ; free from doubt 
 or uncertainty ; pay in full ; dis- 
 charge : v.t. to give satisfaction ; 
 make atonement or payment. 
 
 satrap ( sa'trap ) , n. a kind of viceroy 
 among the ancient Persians. 
 
 satrapy (-i), n. the government or 
 jurisdiction of a satrap. 
 
 saturable (sat'u-ra-bl), adj. capable 
 of being saturated. 
 
 saturant ('u-rant), adj. impregnat- 
 ing to the full : n. a substance that 
 neutralizes acid in the stomach. 
 
 saturate ('fi-rat), v.t. to soak or im- 
 bue. 
 
 saturation (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
 saturating; the state of being sat- 
 urated ; impregnation of one sub- 
 stance by another until the latter 
 can contain no more. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sat 
 
 Saturday ('er-da), n. the 7th day of 
 
 the week. 
 
 Saturn (sat'ern), n. the planet next 
 beyond, and next in magnitude to, 
 Jupiter ; the ancient Italian god of 
 seed-time and harvest. 
 
 Saturnalia (-er-na'li-a), n. an an- 
 cient Roman festival in honor of the 
 god Saturn, in which all classes, in- 
 cluding slaves, took part : hence un- 
 restrained revelry. 
 
 Saturnalian ('li-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or characteristic of, the Sat- 
 urnalia ; dissolute ; riotously mirth- 
 ful. 
 
 Saturnian ('ni-an), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of, the god Sat- 
 urn, or to the golden age of purity 
 and happiness. 
 
 saturnine ('nin), adj. under the in- 
 fluence of the planet Saturn ; dull ; 
 morose ; gloomy ; phlegmatic. 
 
 satyr ('er), n. a sylvan Greek deity, 
 attendant on Bacchus, represented 
 with long, pointed ears, short horns, 
 a man's body, and the legs of a goat. 
 
 sauce (saws), n. a liquid condiment 
 or seasoning for food ; any mixture 
 used as a relish ; pertness : v.t. to 
 put sauce into; render pungent; 
 treat with pertness. 
 
 sauce-bos: ('boks), n. a pert, impu- 
 dent person. 
 
 saucer ('ser), n. a shallow piece of 
 china, &c, in which a tea or coffee 
 cup is placed. 
 
 saucily (saw'si-li), adv. in a saucy 
 manner. 
 
 sauciness ('si-nes), n. impudent pert- 
 ness or boldness. 
 
 saucy ('si), adj. [comp. saucier, su~ 
 perl, sauciest], pert; impudent. 
 
 sauerkraut (sour'krout), n. a pickle 
 of chopped cabbage packed in layers 
 with salt between, which causes fer- 
 mentation. 
 
 saul ( sawl ) , n. an Indian timber tree, 
 used for building purposes, and 
 yielding the resin called dammar. 
 
 saunter (san'ter or sawn'ter), v.i. to 
 wander about idly ; loiter ; linger : n. 
 a place for sauntering; idle walk or 
 ramble. 
 
 saurian (saw'ri-an), n. any individ- 
 ual of the Sauria, an order of four- 
 legged reptiles having the body fur- 
 
 nished with scales, as the crocodile 
 and lizard. 
 
 sauroid ('roid), adj. lizard-like. 
 
 saury ('ri), n. a kind of pike. 
 
 sausage (saw'saj), n. the gut of an 
 animal stuffed with seasoned minced 
 meat ; minced meat seasoned with 
 sage, salt, pepper, &c. 
 
 saute (so-ta'), n. a method of cooking 
 by tossing the material in a frying 
 pan of particular construction. 
 
 sauterne (-tern'), n. a French white 
 wine. 
 
 savable (sav'a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being saved. 
 
 savage ( sav'aj ) , adj. uncivilized ; 
 wild ; cruel ; fierce ; pitiless ; unculti- 
 vated ; enraged : n. a human being in 
 a rude, uncivilized state ; barbarian ; 
 a fierce, brutal person. 
 
 savagely (-li), adv. in a savage man- 
 ner. 
 
 savageness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being savage ; wildness. 
 
 savagery ('aj-ri), n. the state of be- 
 ing wild or uncivilized; barbarism; 
 brutal roughness. 
 
 savannah (s&-van'a), n. an exten- 
 sive open plain or meadow. Also 
 savanna. 
 
 savant (-vang'), n. a man of learning 
 or science [French]. 
 
 save (sav), v.t. to bring out of dan- 
 ger or preserve from evil ; rescue ; 
 deliver from spiritual death ; pre- 
 vent ; lay by ; take advantage of : 
 v.i. to be economical : prep, except ; 
 not including. 
 
 saveloy (sav'e-loi), n. a kind of 
 cooked sausage. 
 
 savin ('in), n. an evergreen tree or 
 shrub with a dark foliage with blu- 
 ish-green berries : the young leaves 
 and branches yield an active volatile 
 oil used in medicine. Also savine. 
 
 saving (sav'ing), adj. preserving; 
 frugal ; parsimonious ; reserving : n. 
 an exception or reservation : pi. 
 money, &c, saved : prep, with ex- 
 ception in favor of. 
 
 savingly (-li), adv. in a saving man- 
 ner. 
 
 savior (sav'yer), n. one who saves. 
 
 Savior, Saviour, n. Jesus Christ, 
 the Redeemer (with the). 
 
 savonette ( sav-o-net' ) , n. a hard ball 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
sav 
 
 of toilet soap, composed of various 
 ingredients. 
 
 savor (sa'ver), n. flavor; taste; rel- 
 ish ; scent ; characteristic property : 
 v.i. to have a particular flavor or 
 smell ; exhibit tokens of : v.t. to taste 
 or smell with delight. 
 
 savorily ('ver-i-li), adv. in a savory 
 manner. 
 
 savoriness (-i-nes), n. the quality of 
 being savory. 
 
 savory ('ver-i), n. an aromatic plant. 
 
 savoy (sa-voi'), n. a kind of winter 
 cabbage with crisp curled leaves. 
 
 saw (saw), n. a cutting steel instru- 
 ment with a toothed edge ; a proverb 
 or wise saying : v.t. to cut with, or 
 as with, a saw : v.i. to be cut with a 
 saw : p.t. of see. 
 
 sawfish ('fish), n. a fish with a long 
 bony snout furnished with spines or 
 teeth. 
 
 sawfly ('fli), n. an insect with a saw- 
 like apparatus for depositing its 
 eggs. 
 
 sawyer ('yer), n. one who saws tim- 
 ber into planks ; a tree in a river, 
 whose branches, partly above water, 
 sway up and down by the force of 
 the current. 
 
 saxhorn (saks'horn), n. a musical 
 wind instrument, used in military 
 bands. 
 
 Saxon ( f n), adj. pertaining to the 
 Saxons, a race of people formerly 
 inhabiting North Germany, their 
 country or language ; Anglo-Saxon : 
 n. a member of the Saxon race. 
 
 saxophone ('o-fon), n. a brass mu- 
 sical instrument with a single reed 
 and clarinet mouthpiece. 
 
 say (sa), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. said (sed), 
 p.pr. saying] , to utter in words ; de- 
 clare ; speak ; decide ; allege ; pro- 
 nounce ; intone : v.i. to speak ; relate ; 
 answer : imper. tell me : n. something 
 said ; speech ; remark. 
 
 saying ('ing), n. the act of speak- 
 ing ; expression ; saw ; adage. 
 
 scab (skab), n. an incrustation 
 formed over a wound; a contagious 
 disease in sheep ; a workman who 
 refuses to join a strike, or who 
 takes the place abandoned by a 
 striker. 
 
 scabbard Card), n. the sheath in 
 
 which the blade of a sword is kept : 
 v.t. to put into a scabbard. 
 
 scabbiness ('i-nes), n. scabby state. 
 
 scabby ('i), adj. covered with, or 
 full of, scabs; affected with scab. 
 
 scabies (ska'bi-ez), n. the itch. 
 
 scabrous ('brus), adj. rough to the 
 touch ; uneven ; dotted ; scaly. 
 
 scad (skad), n. the shad or horse- 
 mackerel. 
 
 scaffold (skaf'old), n. a temporary 
 timber stage or structure ; an ele- 
 vated platform for the execution 
 of a criminal : v.t . to furnish or sup- 
 port with a scaffold. 
 
 scaffolding (-ing), n. a scaffold; 
 materials for erecting scaffolds: 
 framework. 
 
 scalable (skal'a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being scaled. 
 
 scalawag (skal'a-wag), n. a scamp; 
 scapegrace. 
 
 scald (skawld), v.t. to burn with hot 
 liquid or steam ; injure by contact 
 with any hot fluid ; expose to violent 
 heat over a fire or hot liquid : n. a 
 burn or injury to the skin or flesh 
 from a hot liquid or steam ; scab or 
 scurf on the head; one of the old 
 Scandinavian poets, who recited or 
 sang heroic poems (also skald). 
 
 scaldic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 composed by, the scalds. Also 
 skaldic. 
 
 scalding ('ing), p.adj. burning as 
 with a hot liquid or steam. 
 
 scale (skal), n. the dish of a balance; 
 a balance ; an instrument or ma- 
 chine for weighing ; the small bony 
 or horny plates covering a fish, cer- 
 tain reptiles, and insects ; any thin 
 plate or layer ; the thin oxide which 
 forms on the surface of iron forg- 
 ings ; incrustation on the interior of 
 a boiler ; a series of steps ; gradu- 
 ated measure ; series of all the tones 
 [Music] ; relative dimensions ; basis 
 for a numerical system ; a scale- 
 insect, or bark-louse, very destruc- 
 tive to fruit trees : v.t. to strip or 
 clear of scales ; weigh ; climb over, 
 as by a ladder ; clamber up ; ascend 
 by steps or by climbing : v.i. to sep- 
 arate and come off in thin layers. 
 
 scalene (ska-len'), adj. having the 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sea 
 
 sides and angles unequal ; said of a 
 triangle. 
 
 scallop (skol'op), it. a marine bi- 
 valve fish, having the edge of its 
 shell in the form of a series of 
 curves : the shell was formerly worn 
 by pilgrims who had visited the 
 Holy Land; a curving or recess: 
 v.t. to cut the edge or border of in 
 scalops or curves. 
 
 scalloped-oysters (-ois'terz), n.pl. 
 oysters baked with bread crumbs, 
 &c. 
 
 scalp (skalp), it. the skin on the top 
 of the head from which the hair 
 grows; the skin and hair of the 
 head torn off by the North Ameri- 
 can Indians in token of victory : 
 v.t. to deprive of the scalp : v.i. to 
 make a small quick profit by slight 
 fluctuations of the market. 
 
 scalpel ('el), n. a small keen-edged 
 knife. 
 
 scalper ('er), n. one who scalps; a 
 person who buys and sells the un- 
 used parts of railway tickets. 
 
 scaly (skal'i), adj. covered with, or 
 like, scales; mean; caddish. 
 
 scammony ('5-ni), n. an inspissated 
 sap obtained from the root of a spe- 
 cies of convolvulus, used as a ca- 
 thartic. 
 
 scamp (skamp), n. a rascal; worth- 
 less fellow ; rogue ; v.t. to execute or 
 perform in a superficial or careless 
 manner and with bad material. 
 
 scamper (skam'per), v.i. to run with 
 speed; hasten away: n. a hasty 
 flight. 
 
 scan (skan), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. scanned, 
 p.pr. scanning ]^ to examine by count- 
 ing the metrical feet or syllables; 
 scrutinize or examine carefully. 
 
 scandal ('dal), n. offense occasioned 
 by the faults of another ; something 
 uttered that is false and injurious 
 to the reputation; opprobrium; 
 defamation; disgrace. 
 
 scandalize (-iz), v.t. to offend by 
 some supposed improper action or 
 conduct. 
 
 scandalous (-us), adj. giving offense 
 to the conscience or moral sense; 
 exciting condemnation or oppro- 
 brium. 
 
 sea 
 
 Scandinavian (-di-na'vi-an), adj. 
 pertaining to Scandinavia, its lan- 
 guage, literature, or people. Also 
 Scandian. 
 
 scant (skant), adj. [comp. scanter, 
 superl. scantest], not full or abun- 
 dant ; scarcely sufficient : v.t . to 
 stint; treat illiberally; limit: v.i. 
 to fail or become diminished. 
 
 scantily ('i-li), adv. in a scanty 
 manner. 
 
 scantiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being scanty. Also scant- 
 
 scantling ('ling), n. a piece of tim- 
 ber cut or sawn of small size; the 
 size to which a piece of timber is to 
 be cut. 
 
 scanty ('i), adj. [comp. scantier, sw- 
 perl. scantiest], narrow; barely suf- 
 ficient ; scant. 
 
 scape (skap), n. the shaft of a col- 
 umn where it leaves the base; a 
 peduncle rising from the ground or 
 stem underneath the ground : v.t. 
 & v.i. to escape [Poet]. 
 
 scapegoat ('got), n. among the an- 
 cient Jews, one of the two goats 
 determined by lot, over whose head 
 the high priest confessed the sins 
 of the people, after which it was 
 sent away into the wilderness: 
 hence one who bears the blame for 
 others. 
 
 scapegrace ('gras), n. a graceless, 
 unprincipled fellow. 
 
 scapple (skap'l), v.t. to rough-dress 
 (stone) preparatory to hewing. 
 
 scapula ('ii-la), n. the shoulder- 
 blade. 
 
 scapular ('ii-lar), adj. pertaining to 
 the scapula or shoulder ; in the Ro* 
 man Catholic Church, part of the 
 habit of certain religious orders ; 
 two pieces of cloth worn over the 
 shoulders from motives of devotion. 
 Also scapulary. 
 
 scar (skar), n. a mark caused by a 
 wound ; mark or blemish ; a pre- 
 cipitous rock or bank; the parrot- 
 fish : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. scarred, p.pr. 
 scarring], to mark with, or as with, 
 a scar : v.i. to form a scar. 
 
 scarab (skar'ab), n. a lamellicorn 
 beetle, scarabaeus; a gem or seal 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sea 
 
 cut in the form of a beetle worn as 
 a charm by the ancient Egyptians. 
 
 scarce (skars), adj. not common: 
 not plentiful ; not equal to the de- 
 mand. 
 
 scarcely ('li), adv. seldom; rarely; 
 with difficulty. 
 
 scarceness ('nes), n. the state of 
 being scarce. Also scarcity. 
 
 scare (skar), v.t. to strike with sud- 
 den terror ; frighten : n. a sudden 
 fright or panic. 
 
 scarecrow ('kro), n. anything fan- 
 tastic set up to scare away birds ; 
 a vain cause of terror ; a guy. 
 
 scarf (skarf), n. a light handkerchief 
 or tie for the neck ; sash : v.t. throw 
 on loosely ; dress with a scarf ; to 
 unite (two pieces of timber) at the 
 ends by a kind of dovetail. 
 
 scarfing ('ing), n. the formation of a 
 beam out of two pieces of timber. 
 
 scarf skin ('skin), n. the cuticle. 
 
 scarification (skar-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the act of scarifying. 
 
 scarificator ('i-fi-ka-ter), n. a surgi- 
 cal instrument used in scarifying. 
 
 scarifier ('i-fi-er), n. one who, or 
 that which, scarifies ; a scarificator ; 
 an agricultural instrument for stir- 
 ring the soil. 
 
 scarify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. scari- 
 fied, p.pr. scarifying], to scratch or 
 cut; make small incisions in by a 
 lancet or scarificator : as, to scarify 
 the skin ; to stir up and prepare for 
 planting : as. to scarify the soil. 
 
 scarlatina (skar-la-te'na), n. scarlet 
 fever of a mild form. 
 
 scarlet ('let), w. a bright red color; 
 cloth of such a color : adj. of a scar- 
 let color. 
 
 scarlet fever (fe'ver), n. contagious 
 febrile disease* characterized by a 
 scarlet eruption. 
 
 scarlet runner (run'er), n. a vari- 
 ety of bean. 
 
 scarp (skarp), n. a slope or declivity, 
 nearly perpendicular ; the slope of a 
 ditch at the foot of a parapet : v.t. 
 to cut perpendicularly or nearly so. 
 
 scary (ska'ri), adj. causing, or sub- 
 ject to, sudden fright. 
 
 scathe (ska£7i), v.t. to injure or hurt : 
 n. injury or harm. 
 
 sch 
 
 scathing ('ing), adj. injurious; 
 hurtful ; very severe or bitter. 
 
 scatter (skat'er), v.t. to strew or 
 throw loosely about ; disperse or dis- 
 sipate : v.i. to be dispersed or dissi- 
 pated. 
 
 scatterbrained ( -brand ) , adj. giddy. 
 
 scaup (skawp), n. a species of duck. 
 
 scavenge (skav'enj), v.t. to cleanse, 
 as streets, from mud and filth. 
 
 scavenger (-er), n. a man employed 
 to clean the streets ; any animal that 
 devours refuse or any other deleteri- 
 ous matter. 
 
 scenario (sha-na're-o), n. the sketch 
 of a plot or chief incidents of a li- 
 bretto or play. 
 
 scene (sen), n. the time, place, or cir- 
 cumstance, &c, in which anything 
 occurs : part of a play ; the imagi- 
 nary place where the action of a 
 play is supposed to take place ; spec- 
 tacle ; exhibition ; display of feeling 
 or passion between two or more per- 
 sons. 
 
 scenery ('er-i), n. the appearance of 
 anything presented to the vision ; 
 general aspect ; combination of nat- 
 ural views; painted representation 
 on a stage. 
 
 scenic ('ik), adj. pertaining to scen- 
 ery or to the stage ; dramatic. Also 
 scenical. 
 
 scenographic (sen-o-graf'ik), adj. 
 drawn in perspective. 
 
 scenographically (-al-i), adv. in 
 perspective. 
 
 scenography (se-nog'ra-fi), n. the 
 art of drawing in perspective. 
 
 scent (sent), n. odor; sense of smell: 
 chase followed by means of the 
 scent: v.t. to perceive by the olfac- 
 tory nerves ; smell ; perfume : v.i. to 
 hunt animals by the sense of smell. 
 
 scepter, sceptre (sep'ter), n. a staff 
 borne by a sovereign as the emblem 
 of authority ; royal mace : v.t. to in- 
 vest with regal authority. 
 
 sceptered ('terd), p.adj. bearing a 
 scepter ; regal ; imperial. 
 
 sceptic, same as skeptic. 
 
 schedule (sked'u.1), n. a written or 
 printed paper or parchment contain- 
 ing a list, or inventory ; list or docu- 
 ment annexed to a larger instru- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 -- book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sell 
 
 ment, as a will, &c. : v.t. to place in 
 a schedule._ 
 
 scheme (skem), n. a connected com- 
 bination of things for the attain- 
 ment of a certain end ; plan ; con- 
 trivance ; purpose ; plot : v.t. to de- 
 sign or plan ; plot : v.i. to form a 
 scheme or plan. 
 
 Schiedam (ske-dam'), n. Holland gin. 
 
 schiller (shil'er), n. the peculiar 
 bronze-like luster in certain minerals. 
 
 schism (sizm), n. a split or division, 
 especially permanent division or sep- 
 aration in the Christian Church ; 
 sin of causing such a division. 
 
 schismatic (siz-mat'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or characteristic of, or im- 
 plying, schism. Also schismatical : 
 n. one who creates or takes part in a 
 schism. 
 
 schist (shist), n. any rock that splits 
 into slates or slabs. 
 
 schistose ('os), adj. like schist; fis- 
 sile. 
 
 Schizomycetes (skiz-o-mi-se'tez), n. 
 sl class of very small organisms, as 
 bacteria, &c. 
 
 scholar (skol'er), n. a student; dis- 
 ciple ; man of letters ; an undergrad- 
 uate on the foundation of a college. 
 
 scholarly (-li), adj. like a scholar: 
 adv. in the manner of a scholar. 
 
 scholarship ('er-ship), n. high at- 
 tainments in literature or science ; 
 learning ; erudition ; maintenance for 
 a scholar, awarded by an educational 
 institution. 
 
 scholastic (sko-las'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a scholar or to schools ; schol- 
 ar-like ; characteristic of the mediae- 
 val schoolmen ; formal. 
 
 scholasticism ('ti-sizm), n. the scho- 
 lastic philosophy of the Mediaeval 
 Age. 
 
 scholiast (sko'li-ast), n. a commen- 
 tator or annotator, especially of the 
 classics. 
 
 scholium ('li-um), n. [pi. scholia 
 (-a)], a marginal or explanatory 
 note, especially on the text of a 
 classic author. 
 
 school (skool),~k. a place where in- 
 struction is given ; scholars or pu- 
 pils collectively ; a mediaeval sem- 
 inary for teaching theology, logic, 
 and metaphysics ; disciples of a par- 
 
 scl 
 
 ticular teacher; canon, precepts, or 
 body of opinion; examination hall; 
 any means of knowledge ; a shoal or 
 great number, as of fish : v.t. to 
 train or instruct ; chide or admon- 
 ish. 
 
 schooling ('ing), n. education. 
 
 schoolman ('man), w. [pi. schoolmen 
 ( 'men ) ] , one of the divines and phi- 
 losophers in the Middle Ages. 
 
 schooner (skoon'er), n. a vessel with 
 2 masts, sometimes 3, rigged fore 
 and aft ; a tall beer-glass. 
 
 schottische (sho-tesh), n. a kind of 
 polka. 
 
 sch.weitzerka.se (shvits'er-ka-ze), n. 
 another name for Gruyere cheese. 
 
 sciagraph (si'a-graf), n. the vertical 
 section of a building showing its in- 
 terior. 
 
 sciagraphy (-ag'ra-fi), n. the art or 
 science of projecting or delineating 
 shadows as they fall in nature. 
 
 sciatic (-at'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 affecting, the hip. 
 
 sciatica ('i-ka), n. neuralgia of the 
 sciatic nerve. 
 
 science ('ens), n. systematized knowl- 
 edge of any one department of mind 
 or matter; acknowledged truths and 
 laws, especially as demonstrated by 
 induction, experiment, or observa- 
 tion. 
 
 scientific (-en-tif'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, used in, or skilled in, science; 
 skilful. 
 
 scientifically (-al-i), adv. in a sci- 
 entific manner. 
 
 scientism ('en-tizm), n. the theories 
 and practices of scientists. 
 
 scientist ('en-tist), n. one skilled in, 
 or devoted to, science. 
 
 scilicet (sil'i-set), adv. namely [Lat- 
 in]. 
 
 scimitar (sim'i-ter), n. an Oriental 
 sword with a curved blade having 
 its edge on the convex side. Also 
 scimeter. 
 
 scintillate (sin'til-at), v.i. to emit 
 sparks, fire, or igneous particles ; 
 twinkle. 
 
 scintillation (-la/shun), n. the act 
 of scintillating ; a spark or flash ; 
 twinkle. 
 
 sciolism (si'o-lizm), n. superficial 
 knowledge. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then, 
 
sci 
 
 SCO 
 
 sciolist (-list), n. one who knows 
 many things superficially. 
 
 scion (sl'on), n. the sprout or shoot 
 of a plant ; a descendant ; heir. 
 
 scioptic (-op'tik), adj. pertaining to 
 the art of exhibiting luminous im- 
 ages in a darkened room or camera 
 obscura. Also scioptric. 
 
 sciopticon ('ti-kon), n. a magic lan- 
 tern for exhibiting photographs. 
 
 scire facias (si-re fa'shi-as), a writ 
 to enforce the execution of judg- 
 ments, &c, or to annul them. 
 
 scissors (siz'erz), n.pl. a cutting in- 
 strument resembling shears but 
 smaller. 
 
 sclerotic (skle-rot'ik), adj. hard; 
 noting the firm white outermost 
 membrane of the eyeball. 
 
 sclerotitis (-ro-tl'tis), n. inflamma- 
 tion of the sclerotic coat of the eye. 
 
 scobs (skobs), n. raspings of ivory, 
 metal, or other hard substances. 
 
 scoff (skof), n. an expression of scorn 
 or contempt ; ridicule ; derision : v.i. 
 to exhibit scorn or contempt : v.t. to 
 treat or address with derision. 
 
 scold (skold), v.i. to chide sharply or 
 rudely ; rail in a loud or violent 
 manner : v.t. to find fault with : n. 
 one who habitually scolds, especially 
 a rude, clamorous woman. 
 
 scolex (sko'leks), n. [pi. scoleces 
 (-le'sez)], the larva of the tape- 
 worm. 
 
 scollop, same as scallop. 
 
 sconce (skons), n. a bulwark; small 
 fort ; protection ; a fixed hanging or 
 projecting candlestick ; tube in a 
 candlestick for inserting the candle ; 
 the head ; mulct or fine ; a small, 
 thin cake of oatmeal, &c. 
 
 scoop (skoop), n. a large ladle; deep 
 shovel ; kind of scuttle : v.t. to take 
 out or up with a scoop ; ladle out ; 
 make hollow. 
 
 scoot (skoot), v.i. to walk or run 
 hastily. 
 
 scope (skop), n. room or opportunity 
 for free outlook or action ; aim or 
 intention ; design ; suffix meaning an 
 instrument for viewing, as micro- 
 scope. 
 
 scorbutic (skor-bu'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or affected by, scurvy. 
 
 scorch (skorch), v.t. to burn or roast 
 
 superficially ; cause pain by heat ; 
 to go at a high rate of speed. 
 
 scorcher ('er), n. something that 
 goes at high speed, as a race-horse 
 or automobile ; the driver of same. 
 
 scorching ('ing), v. going at racing 
 speed. 
 
 score (skor), n. a notch made as a 
 reckoning ; the number 20 ; line or 
 groove ; bill ; account ; behalf ; sepa- 
 rate parts of a musical work : v.t. to 
 notch or furrow ; keep account of. 
 
 scoria (sko'ri-a), n. [pi. scoriae (-e)], 
 volcanic cinder ; slag formed after 
 the fusion of metallic ores. 
 
 scoriaceous (-a'shus), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or resembling, scoria. 
 
 scorn (skorn), n. extreme and lofty 
 contempt ; haughty disdain ; object 
 of contempt : v.t. to hold in extreme 
 contempt or disdain. 
 
 scorner ('er), n. one who scorns, es- 
 pecially one who holds religion in 
 derision. 
 
 scornful ('fool), adj. full of scorn; 
 contemptuous ; disdainful. 
 
 scornfully (-i), adv. with scorn. 
 
 scorpion (skor'pi-un), n. an indi- 
 vidual of the genus Scorpio, fur- 
 nished with lobster-like claws, and 
 armed with a poisonous sting in the 
 tail ; a painful scourge. 
 
 Scot (skot), n. a Scotchman. 
 
 Scotch (skoch), adj. pertaining to 
 Scotland, its inhabitants, or its dia- 
 lect. 
 
 scotch, n. a wedge, &c, to prevent 
 slipping or rolling ; a slight cut or 
 incision : v.t. to cut or wound super- 
 ficially. 
 
 scoter (sko'ter), n. a kind of duck. 
 
 scotia ('ti-a), n. the hollow molding 
 in the base of an Ionic column. 
 
 Scotticism ('i-sizm), n. sl Scottish 
 idiom. 
 
 scoundrel (skoun'drel), n. a man 
 without honor or virtue ; low, worth- 
 less fellow. 
 
 scour (skour), v.t. to clean by fric- 
 tion ; cleanse from grease, dirt, and 
 make bright; pass swiftly along; 
 search thoroughly ; purge. 
 
 scourge (skerj), n. a whip with 
 thongs used as a punishment : v.t. to 
 whip severely ; afflict or harass 
 greatly. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
SCO 
 
 scout (skout), n. a person sent out to 
 obtain and bring in information, es- 
 pecially of the movements, &c, of 
 an enemy ; a college servant ; in 
 cricket, a fielder : v.i. to act as a 
 scout : v.t. to treat with scorn. 
 
 scovel (skuv'l), n. a mop for sweep- 
 ing a baker's oven. 
 
 scow ( skou ) , n. a large flat-bottomed 
 boat with square ends : v.t. to trans- 
 port in a scow. 
 
 scowl (skoul), v.i. to wrinkle the 
 brows in frowning or displeasure ; 
 look sullen or angry : n. the wrin- 
 kling of the brows in displeasure or 
 anger ; frown. 
 
 scrabble (skrab'l), v.i. to scrawl or 
 scribble ; make irregular, unmeaning 
 marks: v.t. to mark with irregular 
 lines or letters. 
 
 scrag (skrag), n. anything thin, lean, 
 or rough ; something merely skin 
 and bones. 
 
 seraggily ('i-li), adv. in a scraggy 
 manner. 
 
 scragginess ('i-nes) , n. scraggy state 
 or quality. 
 
 scraggy ('i), adj. lean, thin and 
 rough ; rough, with irregular points. 
 
 scramble (skram'bl), v.i. to clamber 
 with the hands and feet ; seize or 
 catch hold of anything with eager- 
 ness and roughness : v.t. to toss to- 
 gether at random ; mix and cook in 
 a confused mass : as, to scramble 
 eggs : n. a rude, eager struggle ; act 
 of scrambling. 
 
 scranch (skranch), v.t. to grind with 
 the teeth with a crackling sound; 
 craunch. 
 
 scrap (skrap), n. a small or detached 
 piece; fragment; a scrimmage: v.i. 
 to engage in a scrimmage. 
 
 scrapbook ('book), n. a blank book 
 for the pasting in of newspaper ex- 
 tracts, &c. 
 
 scrape (skrap), v.t. to make a harsh 
 or grating noise on ; rub with some- 
 thing sharp ; clean by rubbing ; re- 
 move by scraping ; gather laborious- 
 ly by small gains or savings : v.i. 
 barely succeed, as in passing an ex- 
 amination ; play awkwardly or in- 
 harmoniously on the violin ; bow by 
 awkwardly drawing back the foot: 
 n. the act, noise, or effect of scrap- 
 
 ing; a drawing back of the foot 
 awkwardly ; difficulty ; perplexity. 
 
 scraper ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, scrapes ; an instrument for 
 scraping; an awkward violinist; 
 miser. 
 
 scratch (skrach), v.t. to mark or 
 tear the surface of with something 
 pointed ; wound slightly ; tear or dig 
 with the claws ; erase ; remove the 
 name of (especially that of a horse) 
 from a race : v.i. to use the nails or 
 claws in tearing or digging; score 
 by a fluke : n. a mark or tear made 
 by scratching; a superficial wound; 
 a kind of wig ; a line across the prize 
 ring, up to which boxers are brought 
 when they commence fighting: adj. 
 taken at haphazard. 
 
 scratches ('ez), n.pl. dry scabs be- 
 tween the heel and pastern-joint of 
 a horse. 
 
 scratch race (ras), n. a race in 
 which the competitors are unre- 
 stricted by conditions or are chosen 
 by lot. 
 
 scrawl (skrawl), v.t. & v.i. to write 
 or draw irregularly or hastily ; scrib- 
 ble : n. hasty, irregular, or illegible 
 writing; scribble. 
 
 scray (skra), n. the sea-swallow. 
 
 screak (skrek), n. a shriek; screech. 
 
 scream (skrem), n. a sharp, shrill 
 cry as of fear or pain : v.i. to utter 
 such a cry. 
 
 screamer ('er), n. a South American 
 wading bird; an exaggerated state- 
 ment, or excessively funny joke. 
 
 screech (skrech), n. a harsh, shrill 
 cry : v.i. to utter a harsh, shrill cry. 
 
 screed (skred), n. wooden rules for 
 running moldings; loud, shrill 
 sound ; a fragment or piece ; a ha- 
 rangue; a piece of poor prose or 
 verse. 
 
 screen (skren), n. a light movable 
 partition for protection ; coarse 
 sieve; a partition separating the 
 chancel from the rest of a church • 
 v.i. to shelter or conceal ; protect ; 
 pass through a coarse sieve. 
 
 screw (skroo), n. a cylinder of metal 
 or wood grooved spirally ; one of the 
 six mechanical powers ; screw-pro- 
 peller : v.t. to press with a screw ; 
 
 ftte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
gcr 
 
 sen 
 
 apply a screw to; twist; force or 
 squeeze ; oppress by exactions. 
 
 screw-propeller (pro-pel'er), n. a 
 spiral-bladed wheel at the stern of a 
 steam- vessel for propelling it ; the 
 vessel thus propelled. 
 
 scribble (skrib'l), v.t. to write has- 
 tily and carelessly : v.i. write care- 
 lessly and without regard to correct- 
 ness : n. hasty, careless writing. 
 
 scribbler ('ler), n. one who scrib- 
 bles ; a literary hack, or petty author. 
 
 scribe (skrib), n. a writer; clerk; 
 amanuensis ; a teacher or copyist of 
 the Jewish law : v.t. to adjust. 
 
 scrim (skrim), n. a kind of fabric of 
 cotton or linen for making blinds, 
 &c. 
 
 scrimmage ('aj), n. a general row 
 or tussle. 
 
 scrimp (skrimp), v.t. to make small, 
 narrow, or short ; limit or straiten : 
 v.i. to be parsimonious or miserly : 
 adj. short ; narrow ; curtailed : n. a 
 niggard or miser. 
 
 scrinipness ('nes), n. scantiness. 
 
 scrip (skrip), n. a satcher; schedule; 
 certificate; writing; certificate of 
 stock subscribed to a bank or other 
 company. 
 
 script (skript), n. a piece of writing; 
 style of writing ; type in imitation 
 of writing ; original document or in- 
 strument. 
 
 scriptural ('ur-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, contained in, or according to, the 
 Scriptures ; Biblical. 
 
 scrip turalism (-izm), n. adherence 
 to the letter of the Scriptures. 
 
 scripturally (-li), adv. in a scriptur- 
 al manner. 
 
 scripture ('fir), n. sacred writing; 
 Biblical text : pi. the books of the 
 Old and New Testaments : the Bible. 
 
 scrivener (skriv'ner), w. one who 
 draws up contracts, prepares writ- 
 ings, &c. ; formerly a broker or 
 financial agent. 
 
 scrofula (skrof'u-la), n. a disease 
 caused by the formation and deposi- 
 tion of tubercle in the organs and 
 tissues of the body ; king's evil. 
 
 scrofulous (-lus), adj. pertaining to, 
 of the nature of, or affected with, 
 scrofula. 
 
 scroll (skrol), n. a roll of paper or 
 
 parchment ; a convoluted spiral or- 
 nament ; a flourish to a signature. 
 
 scrotum (skro'tum), n. the pouch 
 which contains the testes. 
 
 scrouge (skrouj), v.t. to crowd or 
 squeeze. 
 
 scrub (skrub), v.t. [pret. & p.p. 
 scrubbed, p.pr. scrubbing], to rub 
 hard ; wash with rubbing or a wet 
 brush : v.i. to clean or scour : n. one 
 who labors hard and lives meanly ; a 
 sorry fellow ; a worn-out brush : adj, 
 mean or small ; contemptible ; dirty, 
 
 scrubby ('i), adj. mean and small; 
 stunted in growth ; covered with 
 brushwood; unshaven. 
 
 scrumptious (skrump'shus), adj, 
 nice ; excellent ; fine. 
 
 scrunch, (skrunch), v.t. to crunch. 
 
 scruple (skroo'pl), n. 1-3 of a dram, 
 or 20 grains ; hesitation, especially 
 from conscientious motives : v.i. to 
 hesitate from conscientious motives. 
 
 scrupulosity (-pu-los'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being scrupulous ; 
 nice or conscientious regard to ex- 
 actness or propriety; precision. 
 Also scrupulousness. 
 
 scrupulous ('pu-lus), adj. full of 
 scruples ; conscientious ; exact ; care- 
 ful ; strict. 
 
 scrutinize ('ti-niz), v.t. to inspect or 
 examine closely. 
 
 scrutinous ('ti-nus), adj. closely in- 
 specting or examining; precise; 
 careful ; captious. 
 
 scrutiny ('ti-ni), n. close inspection 
 or examination ; minute inquiry ; ex- 
 amination of votes recorded at an 
 election. 
 
 scud (skud), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. scudded, 
 p.pr. scudding], to run quickly; run 
 before a gale of wind with little or 
 no sail spread : n. the act of scud- 
 ding; loose, vapory clouds driven by 
 the wind. 
 
 scuffle (skuf'l), v.i. to fight or strug- 
 gle confusedly, especially hand to 
 hand : n. sl struggle for mastery with 
 close grappling; confused conflict; 
 fight. 
 
 scull (skul), n. one of a pair of short 
 oars ; an oar used at the stern of a 
 boat to propel it: v.i. to impel a 
 boat with a scull or sculls. 
 
 scullery ('er-i), n. [pi. sculleries 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
(-iz) ], a place where culinary uten- 
 sils, &c, are kept and cleansed. 
 
 scullion ('yun), n. a servant em- 
 ployed in the menial work of a scul- 
 lery. 
 
 sculpin ('pin), n. sl North American 
 fish with a large head furnished 
 with sharp spines. 
 
 sculptor (skulp'ter), n. one who 
 practices the art of sculpture. Fem- 
 inine sculptress. 
 
 sculptural ('tu-ral), adj. pertaining 
 to sculpture. 
 
 sculpture ('tur), n. the art of carv- 
 ing, cutting, or hewing stone or oth- 
 er material into images of men, ani- 
 mals, &c. ; carved work or figure : 
 v.t. to represent in, or fashion by, 
 sculpture. 
 
 sculpturesque (-esk'), adj. resem- 
 bling, or having the character of 
 sculpture. 
 
 scum (skum), n. extraneous matter 
 or impurities which rise to the sur- 
 face of liquids when boiled or fer- 
 mented ; scoria of metals in a molten 
 state; anything worthless or vile: 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. scummed, p.pr. scum- 
 ming], to form a scum : v.t. to clear 
 impurities from the surface of; 
 skim. 
 
 scupper (skup'er), n. sl hole or tube 
 in the side of a ship to cary off deck 
 water. 
 
 scurf (skerf), n. minute, white, flaky 
 scales formed on the skin, especially 
 on the scalp; dandruff; loosely ad- 
 herent matter. 
 
 scurff (skerf), n. the bull-trout. 
 
 scurnness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being scurfy. 
 
 scurfy ('i), adj. [comp. scurfier, su- 
 perl. scurfiest], pertaining to, pro- 
 ducing, covered with, or like, scurf. 
 
 scurrile (skur'il), adj. befitting a 
 buffoon or vulgar jester ; grossly op- 
 probrious or jocosely indecent. 
 
 scurrility ('i-ti), n. [pi. scurrilities 
 (-tiz)], vulgar, vile, or indecent 
 jocularity. 
 
 scurrilous ('il-us), adj. using the 
 low, indecent language of the vul- 
 gar ; mean ; foul-mouthed ; vile ; con- 
 taining low indecency or abuse. 
 
 scurry (skur'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. scur- 
 ried, p.pr. scurrying], to hasten or 
 
 sea 
 
 move rapidly along : n. hurried move- 
 ment. 
 
 scurvily (sker'vi-li), adv. in a scurvy 
 manner. 
 
 soundness (-nes), n. scurvy state or 
 quality; meanness. 
 
 scurvy ('vi), adj. affected by scurvy; 
 scabby ; vile ; contemptible ; mean ; 
 paltry : n. a condition of anaemia, 
 caused by deficiency of vegetable 
 food or lime juice, causing great 
 weakness, emaciation, &c. 
 
 scut (skut), n. the short, erect tail of 
 a fox, deer, &c. 
 
 scutch (skuch), v.t. to dress (flax or 
 cotton) by beating. 
 
 scutcheon ('un), n. an escutcheon; 
 shield for a keyhole. 
 
 scuttle (skut'l), v.i. to hasten or 
 hurry: v.t. to cut a hole or holes in 
 (a ship) to sink it: n. a quick or 
 short run ; a pan for holding coals ; 
 lid or door closing or covering an 
 opening in a roof, &c. ; hatchway or 
 small opening in the deck of a ship. 
 
 scutum (sku'tum), n. [pi. scuta 
 ('ta)], a shield; a shield-like plate. 
 
 scymitar, same as scimitar. 
 
 scythe (sl£7&), n. a curved cutting in- 
 strument used for mowing grass, &c. 
 
 Scythian (sith'i-an), adj. pertaining 
 to Scythia, to its language, or its in- 
 habitants. 
 
 'sdeath (sdeth), inter j. an exclama- 
 tion expressing impatience or dis- 
 dain. 
 
 se, a prefix, meaning without, apart, 
 aside. 
 
 sea (se), n. an expanse of salt water, 
 less in extent than an ocean, and 
 usually forming a part of, or con- 
 necting with, an ocean or larger sea ; 
 an inland body of water ; the ocean ; 
 a billow or large wave ; swell of the 
 ocean in a tempest ; a large quan- 
 tity; the great brazen laver of the- 
 Jewish Temple. 
 
 sea-bar ('bar), n. the sea-swallow. 
 
 sea-bat ('bat), n. a kind of flying- 
 fish. 
 
 sea-bear ('bar), n. the polar bear. 
 
 sea-calf ('kaf), n. the common seal. 
 
 sea-cow ('kou) ? n. the manatee; du- 
 gong; walrus. 
 
 sea-cucumber ('ku-kum-ber), n. the 
 trepang. 
 
 £te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; b56n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sea-devil (-dev'il), n. a fish with a 
 large head and great mouth, the sea- 
 angler. 
 
 sea-dog ('dog), n. the common seal; 
 an old sailor. 
 
 sea-elephant ('el-e-fant), n. a va- 
 riety of seal with a proboscis some- 
 what like that of the elephant. 
 
 seafarer ('fa-rer), n. a sailor. 
 
 seafaring ('far-ing), adj. following 
 the occupation of a sailor. 
 
 sea-fennel (-fen'el), n. samphire. 
 
 sea-fox ('foks), n. a variety of shark. 
 
 sea-gage ('gaj), n. the draught of a 
 ship ; a self-registering apparatus 
 for deep-sea soundings. 
 
 sea-hog ('hog), n. the porpoise. 
 
 sea-horse ('hors), n. the walrus; the 
 hippocampus; the hippopotamus. 
 
 seal (sel), n. a carnivorous marine 
 mammal, valuable for its skin and 
 oil ; a stamp or die engraved with 
 some device, motto, or image, used 
 for making an impression in relief 
 on wax, &c. ; wax or other soft sub- 
 stance set to an instrument, and 
 impressed with a seal ; any act of 
 confirmation or ratification ; that 
 which seals or fastens ; drain-trap : 
 v.t. to fasten with a seal ; set or af- 
 fix a seal to ; ratify or confirm ; keep 
 secure or secret ; among the Mor- 
 mons, to set apart an additional 
 wife. 
 
 sea-legs ('legz), n.pl. ability to walk 
 on a ship's deck, when the vessel is 
 pitching or rolling. 
 
 sea-lemon ('lem-un), n. a marine 
 gasteropodus mollusk of the genus 
 Doris. 
 
 sea-leopard ('lep-ard), n. a variety 
 of seal. 
 
 sea-lion ('li-un), n. a name for sev- 
 eral large species of seals. 
 
 seam (sem), n. the line formed by the 
 sewing of two pieces of material to- 
 gether ; line of junction or union ; 
 narrow vein between two thicker 
 strata ; thin layer ; piece of needle- 
 work : v.t. to form a seam upon or 
 of ; join with a seam ; scar ; knit 
 with a particular kind of stitch : v.i. 
 to crack open. 
 
 sea-mew (se'mti), n. a species of gull. 
 
 seamstress (sem'stres), n. a needle- 
 woman. 
 
 seamy ('i), adj. showing, or like, 
 seams. 
 
 seamy-side (-sid), w. the worst side. 
 
 seance (sa-angs'), n. a session as of 
 some deliberative body ; a meeting of 
 spiritualists for evoking manifesta- 
 tions ; a select scientific gathering. 
 
 sea-pheasant (se'fez-ant), n. the 
 pin-tail duck. 
 
 sea-purse ('pers), n. the horny en- 
 velope of the skate, and certain 
 sharks, in which they deposit their 
 eggs. 
 
 sear (ser), v.t. to burn to dryness on 
 the surface ; cauterize ; brand ; ren- 
 der callous or insensible. 
 
 search (serch), v.t. to seek for; go 
 over and examine ; explore ; inspect : 
 v.i. to make inquiry ; seek : n. the act 
 of seeking or looking for something ; 
 investigation ; examination ; pursuit ; 
 quest. 
 
 search-light ('lit), n. an electric 
 light so arranged that by revolving 
 it a tract of land or sea can be seen 
 at night. 
 
 search-warrant ('wor-ant), n. a 
 warrant issued by a magistrate au- 
 thorizing a police officer to search a 
 house for stolen property. 
 
 seared (serd), adj. hardened; cal- 
 lous ; indifferent ; cauterized. 
 
 seascape (se'skap), n. a picture re- 
 presenting a scene at sea. 
 
 season ('zn), n. any particular time 
 as distinguished from others ; one of 
 the four divisions of the year : v.t. to 
 mature ; prepare by drying and hard- 
 ening, or removing natural juices ; 
 render palatable ; spice moderately : 
 v.i. to become mature, acclimated, 
 inured, or seasoned. 
 
 seasonable (-a-bl), adj. occurring or 
 done in good, or proper, time; op- 
 portune. 
 
 seasonableness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being seasonable. 
 
 seasonably (-bli), adv. opportunely. 
 
 seasoning (-ing), n. that which is 
 added to give relish or piquancy to 
 food ; anything added to increase en- 
 joyment. 
 
 seat (set), n. that on which anyone 
 sits ; chair ; post or authority ; sta- 
 tion ; site ; residence ; mansion ; reg- 
 ular or appropriate place of sitting ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 D.4*. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
posture on horseback, &c. ; place in 
 Congress or other legislative body : 
 v.t. to place on a seat ; cause to sit 
 down : establish ; place in any site 
 or position ; instal ; fix. 
 
 secant (se'kant), adj. cutting into 
 two parts: n. a right line from the 
 center of a circle through one ex- 
 tremity of an arc, produced till it 
 meets the tangent from the other 
 extremity of the same arc ; the num- 
 ber expressing the ratio of this line 
 to the radius of the circle. 
 
 sec co (sek'6), n. painting on dry plas- 
 ter : adj. dry [Italian]. 
 
 secede (se-sed'), v.t. to withdraw 
 from fellowship, communion, or as- 
 sociation. 
 
 seceder ('er), n. one who secedes. 
 
 secession (-sesh'un), n. the act of 
 seceding; withdrawal or separation 
 from the communion or association 
 of others ; withdrawal of a State 
 from the Federal Union. 
 
 secessionist (-ist), n. an upholder 
 of secession ; one who took part with 
 the Southern States in the Civil war 
 of 1861. 
 
 seclude (-klood'), v.t. to keep apart 
 from the company or society of oth- 
 ers ; exclude. 
 
 seclusion (-kloo'zhun), n. separation 
 or withdrawal from the society of 
 others ; privacy. 
 
 seclusive ('siv), adj. keeping in se- 
 clusion. 
 
 second (sek'und), adj. immediately 
 following the first ; next to the first 
 in order of place, or time ; next in 
 value, excellence, merit, dignity, or 
 importance ; inferior ; subordinate ; 
 being of the same kind as another 
 that has preceded ; below in pitch 
 [Music] : n. one or that next the 
 first in place, rank, excellence, or 
 power ; one who attends on the prin- 
 cipal at a duel ; backer ; the l-60th 
 part of a minute of time or of a de- 
 gree : pi. coarse flour : v.t. to follow ; 
 act as an assistant or supporter of ; 
 assist ; support, as a motion, &c, by 
 adding one's voice to that of the pro- 
 poser. 
 
 secondarily ( 'und-a-ri-li ) , adv. in a 
 secondary manner or degree. 
 
 sec 
 
 secondariness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being secondary. 
 
 secondary ('und-a-ri), adj. succeed- 
 ing next in order to the first ; of sec- 
 ond place, origin, &c. ; not primary ; 
 subordinate ; inferior ; deputed ; re- 
 volving round a primary planet ; 
 noting rocks intermediate between 
 the Primary and Tertiary, the Meso- 
 zoic : n. a delegate or deputy. 
 
 secondary battery (bat'er-i), n. a 
 storage battery. 
 
 secondary-color (-kul'er), n. a col- 
 or produced by the mixture of two 
 primary colors in equal proportions. 
 
 secondary-tints (-tintz), n.pl. sub- 
 dued tints, as grey. 
 
 secrecy (se'kre-si), n. [pi. secrecies 
 (-siz) ], the state or quality of being 
 hidden ; concealment ; retirement ; 
 solitude; habit of keeping secrets; 
 
 ' discretion. 
 
 secret ('kret), adj. hidden or con- 
 cealed ; removed from sight ; kept 
 from the knowledge or view of all 
 except those concerned ; silent ; pri- 
 vate : n. that which is concealed ; 
 something unknown or undisclosed. 
 
 secretarial ( sek-re-ta'ri-al ) , adj. per- 
 taining to, or befitting, a secretary. 
 
 secretary ('re-ta-ri), n. [pi. secre- 
 taries (-riz)], a confidential person 
 employed to assist another in con- 
 ducting correspondence, &c. ; one 
 who transacts the business of a Gov- 
 ernment department, company, &c. ; 
 an escritoire. 
 
 secretary-bird (-berd), n. a South 
 
 ' African predatory bird having a 
 
 crest of feathers which resemble 
 
 when depressed pens stuck in the 
 
 ear. 
 
 secretaryship (-ship), n. the office, 
 or term of office, of a secretary. 
 
 secrete (se-kref), v.t. to hide or con- 
 ceal ; separate from the blood, sap, 
 &c. 
 
 secretion (-kre'shun), n. the act of 
 secreting or separating from a circu- 
 lating fluid; any substance or fluid 
 secreted. 
 
 secretive ('tiv), adj. given to secre- 
 cy ; causing, or promoting secretion. 
 
 secretiveness (-nes), n. the quality 
 of being secretive ; the phrenological 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sed 
 
 organ which impels to secrecy, re- 
 serve, or concealment. 
 
 secretory ('to-ri), adj. performing, 
 or connected with, the office of se- 
 cretion. 
 
 sect (sekt), n. a number of persons 
 who, following a teacher or leader, 
 are united by a common attachment 
 to some particular religious or phil- 
 osophical doctrines. 
 
 sectarian (sek-ta'ri-an), adj. per- 
 taining to, or characteristic of, a 
 sect : n. a member of a sect ; dissen- 
 ter. 
 
 sectarianism (-an-izm), n. the spir- 
 it, tendency, or principles of a sect ; 
 adherence to some particular sect. 
 
 sectarianize ('iz). v.t. to imbue with 
 a sectarian spirit, &c. 
 
 sectary ('ta-ri), n. [pi. sectaries 
 (-riz)], a member or adherent of a 
 sect; sectarian. 
 
 sectile (sek'til), adj. capable of be- 
 ing cut. 
 
 section ('shun), n. the act of cutting, 
 or separation by cutting ; part or di- 
 vision ; slice ; the line formed by the 
 intersection of two surfaces; divi- 
 sion or subdivision of a chapter or 
 statute ; distinct part of a country, 
 people, community, or class ; one of 
 the squares of 640 acres each into 
 which public lands are divided; 
 l-36th of a township; division of a 
 genus; vertical plan of any struc- 
 ture as it would appear if cut by an 
 intersecting plane ; part of a musical 
 period. 
 
 sectionalism ('shun-al-izm), n. local 
 patriotism. 
 
 sectionally (-li), adv. in a sectional 
 manner. 
 
 sector (sek'ter), n. that part of a 
 circle included between two radii 
 and the arc ; a mathematical instru- 
 ment for laying down plans, meas- 
 uring zenith distances, &c. 
 
 sectorial (-to'ri-il), adj. adapted for 
 catting; noting one molar tooth on 
 each side of both jaws, having the 
 crown adapted for cutting. 
 
 secular ('u-lar), ad], pertaining to 
 this present world, or to things not 
 sacred ; worldly ; temporal ; extend- 
 ing over, or occurring in, a long 
 period of time ; not bound by mo- 
 
 nastic vows : n. an ecclesiastic not 
 bound by monastic vows ; a layman ; 
 a church official whose duties are 
 confined to the vocal department of 
 the choir. 
 
 secularism (-izm), n. the principles 
 or tenets of the secularists. 
 
 secularist (-ist), n. one who objects 
 to religious teaching in elementary 
 schools ; one who, discarding the 
 forms of religion, maintains that the 
 duties and problems of this present 
 life should be the primary objects of 
 man's concern. 
 
 secularity ('i-ti), n. supreme atten- 
 tion to the things of the present 
 life ; worldliness. 
 
 secularization (-i-za'shun), n. the 
 act of secularizing. 
 
 secularize ('u-lar-iz), v.t. to convert 
 from sacred to secular or common 
 use ; render worldly or unspiritual ; 
 convert from regular or monastic 
 into secular. 
 
 secund (se'kund), adj. arranged on 
 one side only ; unilateral. 
 
 secure (se-kQr'), adj. free from fear 
 or danger; safe; protected; confi- 
 dent; relying upon (with of) : v.t. 
 to make safe ; protect ; guarantee ; 
 make fast; confine effectually; gain 
 possession of ; put beyond hazard of 
 losing or not receiving (with against 
 or from). 
 
 securely ('li), adv. in a secure man- 
 ner. 
 
 security ('i-ti), n. [pi. securities 
 (-tiz) ], the state or quality of being 
 secure; freedom from fear or dan- 
 ger; assurance; certainty; some- 
 thing given to secure the fulfilment 
 of a contract; pledge; evidence of 
 debt or property ; one who becomes 
 surety for another ; something given 
 or done to secure good behavior. 
 
 sedan (-dan'), n. a portable covered 
 chair or vehicle for the conveyance 
 of one person, used in the 18th cen- 
 tury, and carried by two men by 
 means of a pole on either side. Also 
 sedan-chair. 
 
 sedate (se-dat'), adj. calm; com- 
 posed ; quiet ; serious ; unruffled. 
 
 sedately ('li), adv. in a sedate man- 
 ner. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hutj think, then. 
 
sed 
 
 sedateness ('nes), n. tranquillity; 
 composure. 
 
 sedative (sed'a-tiv), adj. allaying 
 nervous irritation and irritability ; 
 assuaging pain : n. medicine having 
 such an effect. 
 
 sedentarily ('en-tar-i-li), adj. in a 
 sedentary manner. 
 
 sedentariness (-i-nes), n. the qual- 
 ity or state of being sedentary. 
 
 sedentary ('en-tar-i), adj. accus- 
 tomed to pass much time in a sit- 
 ting posture ; characterized by much 
 sitting ; remaining in one place ; in- 
 active. 
 
 sedge (sej), n. a coarse grass of the 
 genus Carex, growing in swamps. 
 
 sedgy ('i), adj. overgrown with sedge. 
 
 sedilia (se-dil'i-a), n.pl. seats on 
 either side of the altar set apart for 
 the clergy. 
 
 sediment (sed'i-ment), n. the matter 
 which subsides or settles at the bot- 
 tom of a liquid ; dregs ; lees. 
 
 sedimentary ('a-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to, or formed by, or consisting of, 
 sediment. 
 
 sedition (se-dish'un), n. any offense 
 against the state less grave than in- 
 surrection or treason; tumultuous 
 assembly of people in opposition to 
 lawful authority ; the stirring up of 
 such opposition. 
 
 seditious ('us), adj. pertaining to, of 
 the nature of, or characterized by, 
 sedition. 
 
 seduce (dus'), v.t. to entice from the 
 paths of rectitude, duty, or virtue, 
 by flattery, promises, &c. ; persuade 
 to a surrender of chastity. 
 
 seducement ('ment), n. the act of 
 seducing ; seduction ; means em- 
 ployed to seduce. 
 
 seducer ('er), n. one who seduces, 
 especially one who persuades a wom- 
 an to surrender her chastity. 'Fem- 
 inine seductress. 
 
 seducible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing seduced. 
 
 seduction (-duk'shun), n. the act of 
 seducing ; the act or crime of induc- 
 ing a woman to surrender her chas- 
 tity. 
 
 seductive ('tiv), adj. tending to se- 
 duce or lead astray ; enticing. 
 
 see 
 
 seductively (-li), adv. in a seductive 
 manner. 
 
 seductiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being seductive. 
 
 sedulity (se-du'li-ti), n. steady dili- 
 gence. 
 
 sedulus (sed'u-lus), adj. steadily in- 
 dustrious and persevering in business 
 and endeavor ; diligent ; untiring. 
 
 see (se), n. the authority of the Pope 
 or papal court; diocese or jurisdic- 
 tion of an archbishop or bishop : v.t. 
 [p.t. saw, p.p. seen, p.pr. seeing], to 
 perceive by the eye ; observe ; per- 
 ceive mentally ; experience ; pay a 
 visit to ; meet or associate with ; es- 
 cort or accompany : v.i. to have the 
 faculty of sight or of perceiving; 
 discern ; examine ; take care or heed ; 
 be attentive. 
 
 seed (sed),n. that part of a plant 
 that contains the embryo of the fu- 
 ture plant ; semen ; first principle or 
 source ; offspring ; descendants ; race 
 or birth : v.i. to sow, or shed the 
 seed i v.t. to sprinkle with seed. 
 
 seediness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being seedy; shabbiness ; 
 exhaustion or wretchedness. 
 
 seedy ('i), adj. abounding with, or 
 run to, seeds ; having the flavor of 
 weeds ; shabby ; exhausted and mis- 
 erable. 
 
 seeing (se'ing), n. the act or power 
 of sight : conj. inasmuch as ; consid- 
 ering ; since. 
 
 seek (sek), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sought, 
 p.pr. seeking], to go in search of; 
 look for ; resort to ; inquire for : v.i. 
 to make search or inquiry; try or 
 endeavor. 
 
 seem (sem), v.i. to appear; look; 
 have the resemblance of truth or 
 fact ; pretend. 
 
 seeming ('ing), adj. apparent; spe- 
 cious : n. appearance ; show, espe- 
 cially false show. 
 
 seemliness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being seemly ; propriety ; 
 decency ; comeliness. 
 
 seemly ('li), adj. fit or becoming; de- 
 cent ; proper ; comely ; suited to the 
 object, occasion, purpose, or char- 
 acter. 
 
 seen, p.p. of see. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
■ee 
 
 seer (ser), n. one who foresees future 
 events ; prophet ; one who sees. 
 
 seesaw ('saw), n. a reciprocating 
 motion ; a game played with a plank 
 balanced on some support enabling 
 those who sit at each end to move 
 up and down alternately : v.i. to 
 move up and down with a recipro- 
 cating motion. 
 
 seethe (seth), v.t. to boil; decoct or 
 prepare for food in a hot liquor : v.i. 
 to be hot ; be in a condition of boil- 
 ing. 
 
 segment ('ment), 11. a part divided 
 or set off ; section ; a part cut off 
 from a figure by a line or plane : v.i. 
 to divide into segments. 
 
 segmental (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 consisting of, or like, a segment. 
 
 segmentation ( -men-ta'shun ) , n. the 
 act of dividing into segments ; state 
 of being divided into segments. 
 
 segregate (seg're-gat), v.t. to sepa- 
 rate from others. 
 
 segregation (-ga'shun), the act of 
 segregating; state of being segre- 
 gated. 
 
 Seidlitz (sed'litz), adj. noting effer- 
 vescent powders used as a gentle 
 aperient : n. a sparkling mineral 
 water. 
 
 seignior (sen'yer), n. a title of honor 
 in use in Southern Europe; a lord 
 or fee of a manor. 
 
 seigniorage Cyer-aj), n. something 
 claimed or taken by virtue of sover- 
 eign prerogative ; a charge levied on 
 bullion brought by private persons 
 to the mint to be coined. 
 
 seigniorial (-yor'i-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the lord of a manor. 
 
 seine (san), n. a large fishing-net. 
 
 seismic (sls'mik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or produced by, an earthquake. 
 
 seismograph ('mo-graf), n. an in- 
 strument for recording the undula- 
 tory motions, duration, and direction 
 of an earthquake. Also seismome- 
 ter, seismoscope. 
 
 seismographic ('ik), adj. indicated 
 by a seismograph. 
 
 seismography (-mog'ra-fi), n. a de- 
 scription of earthquakes. 
 
 seismologist (-mol'o-jist), n. one 
 skilled in seismology. 
 
 gel 
 
 seismology ('o-ji), n. the scientific 
 study of earthquakes. 
 
 seizable (sez'a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being seized. 
 
 seize (sez), v.t. to take possession of 
 forcibly or suddenly ; grasp ; snatch ; 
 take hold of ; comprehend. 
 
 seizin ('in), n. the act of taking pos- 
 session ; thing possessed ; possession. 
 Also seisin. 
 
 seizor ('er), n. in law, one who takes 
 possession. 
 
 seizure ('tir), n. the act of seizing; 
 sudden attack, as of a disease. 
 
 selah (se'la), n. a Hebrew word used 
 in the Psalms, supposed to indicate 
 a pause. 
 
 seldom (sel'dum), adv. rarely. 
 
 select (se-lekf), adj. more valuable 
 or excellent than others ; chosen or 
 picked out as more valuable than 
 others ; nicely chosen ; choice ; supe- 
 rior : v.t . to take by preference from 
 among others ; choose. 
 
 selection (-lek'shun), n. the act of 
 selecting ; the thing selected. 
 
 selectman (-lekt'man), n. [pi. select- 
 men ('men)], one of a board of 
 town officials concerned with its 
 management, the enforcement of lo- 
 cal laws, care of the poor, &c, 
 elected annually in New England. 
 
 selector ('er), n. one who selects. 
 
 selenate (sel'e-nat), n. a salt of 
 selenic acid. 
 
 selenic (se-len'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 containing, or derived from, sele- 
 nium. 
 
 selenium (-le'ni-um), n. a non- 
 metallic elementary substance, re- 
 sembling lead. 
 
 selenocentric (-le-no-sen'trik), adj. 
 as seen or calculated from the center 
 of the moon. 
 
 selenograph ('n5-graf), n. a map or 
 delineation of the moon's surface. 
 
 selenographic (-graf'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to selenography. 
 
 selenography (sel-e-nog'ra-fi), n. a 
 description of the moon, its features, 
 and phenomena ; the art of delineat- 
 ing the moon's surface. 
 
 self (self), n {pi. selves (selvz)l, 
 one's own person ; personal interest ; 
 personality : personification ; iden- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
•el 
 
 tity ; selfishness : adj. very ; particu- 
 lar. 
 
 selfish ('ish), adj. attentive only to 
 one's own interests ; influenced in 
 actions from motives of private ad- 
 vantage ; egotistical. 
 
 sell (sel), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sold, p.pr. 
 selling], to transfer to another for 
 an equivalent, as property, goods, 
 &c. ; make a matter of sale or bar- 
 gain of; vend; betray for a pecuni- 
 ary reward : v.t. to practice selling ; 
 be sold : n. a hoax ; an imposition. 
 
 Seltzer water (selt'zer waw'ter), n. 
 a mineral water, mildly stimulative. 
 
 selvage (sel'vaj), n. the edge of cloth 
 so closed by complicating the threads 
 as to prevent raveling ; woven bor- 
 der. Selvedge. 
 
 selvage e (-va-je'), n. a kind of skein 
 of rope yarns, used for stoppers, &c. 
 
 selvedged ('vejd), adj. having a sel- 
 vage. Also selvaged. 
 
 selves, pi. of self. 
 
 semaphore (sem'a-for), n. a tele- 
 graphic apparatus for signaling by 
 means of arms, lanterns, flags, &c. 
 
 semblance ( 'blans ) , n. likeness ; re- 
 semblance; exterior; appearance. 
 
 semen (se'men), n. sperm; seed of 
 plants. 
 
 semi, prefix meaning half, partially. 
 
 semibreve (sem'i-brev), n. a note 
 equal to 4 crotchets. 
 
 semicolon ('kol-on), n. a mark in 
 punctuation ( ; ) . 
 
 seminal ('i-nal), adj. pertaining to, 
 containing, or consisting of, seed ; 
 primary ; radical ; original. 
 
 seminary (sem'i-na-ri), n. [pi. semi- 
 naries (-riz) ], a place of education ; 
 school, academy, or college. 
 
 semiped. ('i-ped), n. a half-foot. 
 
 semipedal (-al), adj. consisting of a 
 half-foot. 
 
 Semi-Saxon (-sak'sun), adj. noting 
 the language intermediate between 
 Saxon and English 1150-1250. 
 
 semi-tangent (-tan'jent), n. the tan- 
 gent of half an arc. 
 
 Semite (sem'it), n. one of the Semit- 
 ic race ; a descendant of Shem : adj. 
 Semitic. 
 
 Semitic (se-mit'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to Shem, or to his descendants ; not- 
 ing, or belonging to, one of the great 
 
 sen 
 
 divisions of races and languages to 
 which Hebrew, Phoenician, Arabic, 
 Assyrian, &c, belong. 
 
 sempstress (semp'stres), n. a woman 
 who does needlework. 
 
 sen (sen), n. a small Japanese coin. 
 
 senary (sen'a-ri), adj. of, or contain- 
 ing, 6. 
 
 Senate (sen'at), n. the upper house 
 of Congress or of a State legisla- 
 ture ; the upper house of legislature 
 in various countries ; a body of el- 
 ders, elected or appointed in ancient 
 Rome from the nobility and invested 
 with supreme legislative authority. 
 
 senate (sen'at), n. an assembly or 
 body of elders ; a legislative body 
 generally. 
 
 senator ('a-ter), n. a member of a 
 senate. 
 
 senatorial (-to'ri-al), appertaining 
 to, or befitting, a senator or a sen- 
 ate; entitled to elect a senator. 
 
 send (send), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sent, 
 p.pr. sending], to throw, cast, or im- 
 pel ; cause to go in any manner ; 
 dispatch; cause to be or happen; 
 grant; inflict: v.i. to dispatch a 
 messenger ; pitch, as a vessel : n. the 
 motion of a wave causing a vessel 
 to be carried forward. 
 
 sendal (sen'dal), n. a light, thin silk 
 stuff. 
 
 senile (se'nil), adj. pertaining to, 
 characteristic of, or occasioned by, 
 old age. 
 
 senility ('i-ti), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being senile; old age. 
 
 senior (sen'yer), adj. prior in age, 
 dignity, rank, or office ; elder : n. 
 one older than another ; one older in 
 dignity, rank, or office ; a student in 
 the fourth or final year of his col- 
 lege. 
 
 seniority (-yor'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being senior. 
 
 senna (sen'a), n. the dried leaves of 
 several plants of the genus Cassia, 
 used as a cathartic medicine. 
 
 sennight ('It), n. the space of 7 
 nights and days. 
 
 sennit ('it), n. braided cordage. 
 
 senor(sa'nyor'), n. a Spanish title 
 of courtesy, equivalent to Mr. or 
 Sir. Feminine senora. 
 
 senorita (-nyo-re'ta), n. a Spanish 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; b5on, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
Ben 
 
 title of courtesy given to a young 
 lady, equivalent to Miss ; a young 
 lady. 
 
 sensate (sen'sat), adj. perceived by 
 or through the senses. 
 
 sensation (-sa'shun), n. perception 
 by the senses ; an impression made 
 on the mind or brain by the senses ; 
 spiritual or physical affections ; state 
 of excited feeling or interest, or its 
 cause. 
 
 sensational (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 having, or causing, sensation ; fitted 
 to excite great interest ; emotional. 
 
 sensationalism (-izm), to. sensa- 
 tional writing or language ; the phil- 
 osophical doctrine that our ideas 
 are the outcome of impressions 
 originating solely in sensation and 
 consist of sensations transformed. 
 
 sensationalist (-ist), to. an advocate 
 of philosophical sensationalism; a 
 sensational writer or speaker. 
 
 sense (sens), to. the faculty by which 
 objects are perceived physically, or 
 mentally; discernment; understand- 
 ing ; conviction ; good mental capac- 
 ity ; correct judgment ; opinion ; 
 meaning ; signification ; moral per- 
 ception. 
 
 senseless ('les), adj. incapable of sen- 
 sation ; without sensibility or feel- 
 ing ; unconscious ; foolish ; stupid ; 
 nonsensical ; opposed to reason or 
 sound judgment. 
 
 sensibility (sen-si-bil'i-ti), to. [pi. 
 sensibilities (-tiz)], the state or 
 quality of being sensible; acuteness 
 of perception or emotion ; delicacy 
 of feeling; capacity of being sensi- 
 tive. Also sensibleness. 
 
 sensible ('si-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing perceived by the senses or the 
 mind ; having moral perception ; 
 easily affected ; delicate ; judicious : 
 reasonable ; intelligent. 
 
 sensibly (-bli), adv. in a sensible 
 manner; with intelligence or 'good 
 sense ; appreciably. 
 
 sensitive ('si-tiv), adj. having keen 
 sense or feeling ; quickly and acute- 
 ly alive to impressions from exter- 
 nal objects ; easily affected or 
 moved ; pertaining to, or depending 
 upon, sensation. 
 
 sensitively (-li), adv. in a sensitive 
 manner. 
 
 sensitiveness (-nes), to. the state or 
 quality of being sensitive. Also sen- 
 sitivity. 
 
 sensitize (-tiz), v.t. to render sensi- 
 tive ; render capable of being acted 
 upon by the actinic rays of the sun, 
 X-rays, &c. 
 
 sensorial (-so'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
 to the sensorium. Also sensory. 
 
 sensorinm (-urn), to. the central seat 
 of sensation or consciousness ; the 
 brain. 
 
 sensual ('shu-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 consisting in, or affecting, the 
 senses ; not spiritual or intellectual ; 
 carnal ; voluptuous ; devoted to the 
 indulgence of the passions or appe- 
 tites. 
 
 sensualism (-izm), to. sensuality; 
 the philosophical doctrine that all 
 ideas or operations of the under- 
 standing have their origin in sensa- 
 tion and are transformed sensations. 
 
 sensualist (-ist), to. one who is sen- 
 sual ; a believer in the doctrine of 
 sensualism. 
 
 sensuality (-al'i-ti), to. the state or 
 quality of being sensual ; indulgence 
 of the bodily appetites. 
 
 sensualize ( 'shu-al-iz ) , v.t. to make 
 sensual ; debase by the indulgence of 
 carnal gratifications. 
 
 sensuous ('shu-us), adj. pertaining 
 to, or addressed to, the senses ; con- 
 nected with sensible objects ; full of 
 passion. 
 
 sent, p.t. & p.p. of send. 
 
 sentence ('tens), to. judgment, opin- 
 ion, or decision ; judgment pro- 
 nounced by a court ; series of words 
 so arranged as to convey a complete 
 thought, followed by a dot or full 
 point : v.t. to condemn by judgment 
 of a court. 
 
 sententious (-ten'shus), adj. short 
 and energetic ; terse ; comprising 
 sentences ; abounding in axioms or 
 maxims. 
 
 sentience ('shi-ens), to. the state or 
 quality of being sentient. Also 
 sentiency. 
 
 sentient ('shi-ent), adj. having the 
 faculty or faculties of sensation and 
 perception. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sen 
 
 sentiment ('ti-ment), n. a thought 
 prompted by passion or feeling ; 
 opinion ; thought ; feeling ; sensibil- 
 ity ; prevailing feeling ; maxim ; a 
 toast ; thought expressed in striking 
 language ; sentence or passage ex- 
 pressive of some wish. 
 
 sentimental (-men'tal), adj. having, 
 expressing, or given to, sentiment ; 
 appealing to sentiment rather than 
 reason ; artificially or affectedly ten- 
 der ; romantic. 
 
 sentiment alism (-izm), n. the qual- 
 ity of being sentimental. Also sen- 
 timentality. 
 
 sentimentalize (-iz), v.i. to think 
 or act in a sentimental manner ; af- 
 fect sentiment. 
 
 sentimentally (-li), adv. in a senti- 
 mental manner. 
 
 sentinel ( 'ti-nel ) , n. one who watches 
 or guards, especially a soldier on 
 guard : v.t. to furnish with, or as 
 with, a sentinel; watch over or 
 guard. 
 
 sentry ('tri),«. [pi. sentries ('triz)], 
 a sentinel, guard or watch. 
 
 sepal (sep'al or se'pal), n. one of the 
 leaf-like divisions of the calyx en- 
 closing the corolla of a flower. 
 
 separability (-a-ra-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being separable or divisi- 
 ble. 
 
 separable ('a-ra-bl), adj. capable of 
 being separated or divided. 
 
 separate ('a-rat), v.t. to part or di- 
 vide ; disunite ; disconnect ; set apart 
 from a number for a particular pur- 
 pose ; withdraw : v.i. to part ; be dis- 
 united ; withdraw from each other : 
 adj. divided from the rest ; discon- 
 nected ; not united ; distinct. 
 
 separately (-li), adv. in a separate 
 state or manner. 
 
 separateness (-nes), n. the quality 
 of being separate. 
 
 separation (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
 separating; state of being sepa- 
 rated ; disconnection ; legal disunion 
 of married persons ; repeal of a 
 union between two or more coun- 
 tries or states. 
 
 separator ('a-ra-ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, separates. 
 
 sepia (se'pi-a). n. [pi. sepias (-az)], 
 the European cuttle-fish ; a dark- 
 
 sep 
 
 brown pigment prepared from the 
 black secretion or ink of the cuttle- 
 fish. 
 
 sepoy ('poi), n. [pi. sepoys ( f poiz)], 
 an Indian native employed as a sol- 
 dier in the British service in India. 
 
 sepsin (sep'sin), n. sl toxinous pto- 
 main. 
 
 sepsis ('sis), n. infection by patho- 
 genic bacteria ; a putrefactive con- 
 dition. 
 
 sept (sept), a prefix meaning 7, as 
 septangular : adj. having 7 angles. 
 
 septemvir ('ver), n. [pi. septemviri 
 ('vi-ri)], in ancient Rome, one of 7 
 men associated together in office. 
 
 septenary ('te-na-ri), adj. consisting 
 of, containing, or lasting 7 years. 
 
 septenate (-nat), n. a period of 7 
 years ; the period during which the 
 President of the French Republic 
 holds office : adj. growing in sevens. 
 
 septennial (-ten'i-al), adj. occurring 
 once in, or containing, 7 years. 
 
 septennially (-li), adv. once in 7 
 years. 
 
 septet (sep-tet'), n. a musical com- 
 position for 7 voices. Also septette. 
 
 septfoil (sept'foil), n. the plant tor- 
 mentil ; in architecture, an orna- 
 mental foliation with 7 lobes ; a sym- 
 bolical figure composed of 7 equal 
 segments of a circle typical of the 7 
 sacraments of the Roman Catholic 
 Church. 
 
 septi, a prefix meaning 7, as septi- 
 lateral : adj. seven-sided. 
 
 septic ('tik), adj. having the power 
 to promote putrefaction : n. a sub- 
 stance having such an effect. 
 
 septicemia, septicaemia (-ti-se'mi- 
 a), n. blood-poisoning, caused by the 
 absorption of septic matter into the 
 circulation. Also septemia, septae- 
 mia. 
 
 septillion (-til'yun), n. in the French 
 system of numeration, followed in 
 the United States, a number ex- 
 pressed by unity with 24 ciphers an- 
 nexed ; in the English system, a 
 number expressed by unity with 42 
 ciphers annexed. 
 
 septin, same as sepsin. 
 
 septuagenarian ( -tu-a- je-na'ri-an ) , 
 n. sl person 70 years old... 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; bo5n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sep 
 
 septuagenary (-aj'e-na-ri), adj. con- 
 sisting of 70 : n. the number 70. 
 
 Septuagesima (-a-jes'i-ma), n. the 
 3rd Sunday before Lent. 
 
 septuple ('tu-pl), adj. sevenfold. 
 
 sepulchral (se-pul'kral), adj. per- 
 taining to a sepulcher, or to monu- 
 ments erected to the dead; deep, 
 grave, or hollow toned. 
 
 sepulcher, sepxilchre ( sep'ul-ker ) , 
 n. a grave or tomb ; place of burial : 
 v.t. to bury ; entomb. 
 
 sepulture ('ul-ttir), n. burial. 
 
 sequel (se'kwel), n. succeeding part 
 or result ; continuation ; conse- 
 quence. 
 
 sequence ('kwens). n. order of suc- 
 cession ; series ; result ; suit of cards 
 in the same order ; regular alternate 
 succession of similar chords. 
 
 sequent ('kwent), adj. following; 
 consequent : n. a sequence. 
 
 sequentially (-kwen'shal-i), adv. by 
 succession. 
 
 sequester (-kwes'ter), v.t. to sepa- 
 rate from the owner for a time ; 
 take possession of the property of 
 another until some claim is paid or 
 established ; withdraw ; seclude : v.i. 
 to renounce, as a widow any interest 
 in the estate of a husband. Also 
 sequestrate. 
 
 sequestered ('terd), adj. secluded: 
 retired. 
 
 sequestration (-tra'shun), n. the 
 act of sequestering, especially the 
 act of seizing property by the State 
 during dispute or for the benefit of 
 creditors ; the collecting of the fruits 
 of a benefice during a vacancy for 
 the use of the next incumbent ; re- 
 tirement ; seclusion. 
 
 sequestrator (sek'wes-tra-ter), n. 
 one who sequesters property or takes 
 possession of it for a time. 
 
 Sequoia (se-kwoi'a), n. a genus of 
 gigantic trees of the cypress family, 
 comprising the* redwood and "big 
 tree" of California. 
 
 seraglio (se-ral'yo), n. the palace of 
 the Sultan of Turkey at Constanti- 
 nople, especially that part where the 
 women are kept ; a harem. 
 
 seria (se-ra'i), n. in the East, a pal- 
 ace ; seraglio ; caravansary or inn. 
 
 ser 
 
 the 
 
 seralbumin ( ser-al-bu'min ) , 
 albumin of the blood. 
 
 serape (sa-ra'pa), n. a Mexican 
 blanket or shawl worn by men. 
 
 seraph (ser'af), n. [pi. seraphs, sera- 
 phim ('afs, -im)], an angel of the 
 highest order. 
 
 seraphic (se-raf'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, composed of, or like, seraphs ; 
 sublime ; angelic. 
 
 seraphically (-al-i), adv. in the man- 
 ner of a seraph. 
 
 seraphine (ser'a-fen), n. a kind of 
 small harmonium. 
 
 seraskier (ser-as-ker'), n. a Turkish 
 general or commander of land forces, 
 especially the commander-in-chief or 
 minister of war. Also serasquier. 
 
 Serbonian (ser-bo'ni-an), adj. not- 
 ing the lake or bog of Serbonis in 
 ancient Egypt, which appeared like 
 solid land, but engulfed those who 
 ventured upon it : hence pertaining 
 to any difficulty or complication from 
 which there is no way of extrication. 
 
 sere (ser), ad. dry; wiltered [Poet.]. 
 
 serein (se-rang'), n. fine rain that 
 falls from a clear sky. 
 
 serenade (ser'e-nad), n. evening mu- 
 sic in the open air ; music sung or 
 played by a lover in a spirit of gal- 
 lantry under the window of a lady; 
 piece of music for such an occasion : 
 v.t. to entertain with a serenade. 
 
 serene (se-ren'), adj. clear and calm; 
 unclouded ; placid ; unruffled. 
 
 serenely ('li), adv. in a serene man- 
 ner; unruffled; calmly. 
 
 serenity (-ren'i-ti), 11. the state or 
 quality of being serene ; calmness of 
 mind ; equanimity of temper ; cool- 
 ness, composure. Also sererieness. 
 
 serf (serf), n. the lowest class of 
 servants or slaves in the Middle 
 Ages, who were attached to the land 
 and transferred with it ; a villein or 
 feudal slave ; formerly in Russia, 
 one of the peasant class. 
 
 serfage ('aj), n. the state or condi- 
 tion of a serf. Also serfdom ; serf- 
 ism. 
 
 serge (serj), n. a twilled woolen stuff. 
 
 sergeancy ( sar'jen-si ) , n. the office 
 of a sergeant. Also sergeantcy, ser- 
 geantship. 
 
 sergeant ('jent), n. a non-commis- 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ser 
 
 sioned officer ranking next above a 
 corporal. 
 sergeant-major (-ma'jer), n. a war- 
 rant officer who is attached to each 
 company or troop and assists the 
 adjutant. 
 
 serial (se'ri-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or consisting of, a series ; published 
 in successive parts or numbers : n. a 
 periodical ; tale issued in parts. 
 
 serially (-li), adv. in a series. 
 
 seriatim (-a'tim), adv. in regular 
 order. 
 
 sericeous (se-rish'us), adj. silky." 
 
 sericulture (ser'i-kul-tur), n. the 
 culture of silkworms. 
 
 series (se'rez), n. a number of things 
 or events standing or succeeding in 
 order, and connected by a like rela- 
 tion ; sequence ; an infinite number 
 of terms in succession, increasing or 
 diminishing jn a certain ratio. 
 
 serin (ser'in), n. a kind of finch. 
 
 serio-comic (se-ri-o-kom'ik), adj. 
 having a mixture of seriousness and 
 comicality. 
 
 serious ('ri-us), adj. grave in man- 
 ner or disposition ; in earnest ; not 
 trifling ; religious ; solemn. 
 
 sermon (ser'mun), n. a discourse on 
 a text of Scripture ; homily ; serious 
 exhortation. 
 
 sermonize (-iz), v.i. to compose or 
 write a sermon; preach: v.t. to 
 preach a sermon to. 
 
 serosity ( se-ros'i-ti ) , n. the state or 
 quality of being serous ; the thin 
 watery fluid part of the blood exud- 
 ing from serum. 
 
 serous ('rus), adj. pertaining to se- 
 rum; thin, watery. 
 
 serpent (ser 'pent), n. a reptile of the 
 order Ophidia, with a very long 
 body without feet, and moving by 
 contractions and undulations of the 
 body ; a bass wind instrument ; a 
 kind of firework ; a subtle, treacher- 
 ous, malicious person. 
 
 serpentine ('pen-tin), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, like, or having the qualities 
 of, a serpent; moving or winding 
 like a serpent ; zigzag ; subtle : n. a 
 rock composed of a hydrated silicate 
 of magnesia, susceptible of a fine 
 polish. 
 
 ses 
 
 serrate (ser'at), adj. notched on the 
 
 edge like a saw. Also serrated. 
 serried ('id), adj. crowded; pressed 
 together. 
 
 serum (se'rum), n. the thin yellowish 
 fluid secreted by the serous mem- 
 branes. 
 
 serumtherapy (-ther'a-pi), n. treat- 
 ment of infectious diseases by inocu- 
 lation with the serum of animal 
 blood in which the pathogenetic 
 bacteria have been attenuated or 
 weakened by successive infusion. 
 
 servant (ser'vant), n. one who is in 
 the personal service of another ; a 
 domestic ; a subordinate. 
 
 serve (serv), v.t. to work or perform 
 duties for ; yield obedience to ; wait 
 on ; treat or requite ; present (a 
 writ) : v.i. to be a servant; to suit; 
 be in subjection ; discharge the du- 
 ties of an office or employment. 
 
 service (ser'vis), n. the condition or 
 occupation of a servant ; duty re- 
 quired or performed in any office ; 
 naval or military duty ; spiritual obe- 
 dience and reverence ; course of dishes 
 at table; waiting at table; labor, 
 assistance, or kindness to another ; 
 number of conveyances plying be- 
 tween places ; musical composition 
 for devotional use ; profession of re- 
 spect. 
 
 serviceable ('vis-a-bl), adj. useful; 
 beneficial. 
 
 serviceableness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being serviceable. 
 
 serviceably (-bli), adv. in a service- 
 able manner. 
 
 servile ('vil or 'vil), adj. pertaining 
 to, characteristic of, or befitting, a 
 slave or servant ; meanly submissive 
 or obsequious ; cringing ; fawning ; 
 not belonging to the original root; 
 not sounded : said of a letter. 
 
 servilely (-li), adv. in a servile man- 
 ner. 
 
 servility (-vil'i-ti), n. mean submis- 
 sion or obsequiousness; baseness. 
 Servileness. 
 
 servitude ('vi-tfid), n. the condition 
 of a servant or slave.; state of slav- 
 ish dependence; bondage. 
 
 sesame (ses'a-me), n. a plant yield- 
 ing flat seeds from which an oil is 
 expressed. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ses 
 
 sesamoid bones ('a-moid bonz), 
 n.pl. small bones formed at the ar- 
 ticulation of the great toes, fingers, 
 &c. 
 
 sesqui, a prefix meaning a whole and 
 a half, as sesquioxide, an oxide con- 
 taining 3 atoms of oxygen and 2 
 atoms of a metal. 
 
 sessile ( 'il ) , adj. without a foot-stalk. 
 
 session (sesh'un), n. the actual sit- 
 ting or assembling of a court, coun- 
 cil, or legislative body ; the time be- 
 tween the first meeting and the pro- 
 rogation, dissolution, or final ad- 
 journment of a parliament, con- 
 gress, or legislature. 
 
 sessional (-al), adj. pertaining to a 
 session, especially of an eclesiastical 
 court. 
 
 sesterce (ses'ters), n. an ancient Ro- 
 man coin, value about 4 cents. 
 
 sestertinm (-ter-shi-um), n. a sum 
 of 1,000 sesterces. 
 
 sestet Ctet), n. the last 6 lines of the 
 second division of a sonnet. 
 
 set (set), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. set, p.pr. 
 setting], to place or put in any posi- 
 tion ; fix ; plant ; make stable ; ren- 
 der motionless ; spread, as sails ; re- 
 place ; make to agree with some 
 standard ; start by fixing the key- 
 note ; regulate or adjust ; value ; as- 
 sign or prescribe; mark (game); 
 compose, as type, &c. : v.i. to sink be- 
 low the horizon ; strike root ; be fixed 
 closely or firmly; congeal; apply 
 one's self; flow or tend; start (with 
 out) : adj. fixed or established ; reg- 
 ular ; determined ; firm ; formal ; ob- 
 stinate ; immovable : n. the act of 
 setting ; direction ; number of per- 
 sons associated together ; clique ; 
 number of things of the same kind 
 intended for use together ; a young 
 plant for growth ; number of persons 
 necessary to execute a quadrille ; 
 descent below the horizon ; flow ; per- 
 manent twist ; in lawn tennis, a 
 series of as many games as will ena- 
 ble one side to win six. 
 
 settee (-te'), n. a long seat with a 
 back for several persons ; a Medi- 
 terranean single-decked vessel with 
 a very long, sharp prow, and lateen 
 sails. 
 
 setter ('er), n. one who, or that 
 
 which sets ; a species of hunting- 
 dog. 
 
 setting ('ing), n. the act of one who. 
 or that which, sets ; direction of a 
 current of wind ; that which sets or 
 holds, as the mounting of a jewel ; 
 hardening. 
 
 settle (set'l), v.t. to place or set in a 
 fixed state ; establish ; cause to sink 
 or subdue ; free from uncertainty ; 
 compose ; fix by a legal act ; liqui- 
 date ; pay ; clear of dregs ; make 
 pure or clear ; colonize : v.i. to be- 
 come fixed, stationary, or perma- 
 nent ; descend or stop ; grow calm 
 or clear ; sink to the bottom, or by 
 its own weight ; cease from agita- 
 tion ; adjust differences or accounts ; 
 marry and establish a home. 
 
 settlement (-ment), n. the act or 
 state of being settled ; establishment 
 in life, business, condition ; jointure 
 granted to a wife; liquidation, pay- 
 ment, or adjustment ; subsidence ; a 
 colony newly settled ; legal residence. 
 
 settler ('ler), n. a colonist; some- 
 thing that finally settles or decides a 
 contest. 
 
 set-to (too'), n. a contest in boxing; 
 argument. 
 
 seven (sev'n), n. the sum of six and 
 one ; the symbol representing 7 
 units : adj. consisting of one more 
 than 6. 
 
 sevenfold (-fold), adv. 7 times as 
 much. 
 
 seventeen (-ten), adj. one more than 
 sixteen. 
 
 seventeenth (-tenth), adj. noting 
 the next after the sixteenth. 
 
 seventh, (sev'nth), adj. next in order 
 after the sixth : n. one next in order 
 after the sixth ; one of 7 equal 
 parts ; the interval of 5 tones and a 
 semitone. 
 
 seventieth ('n-ti-eth), adj. next in 
 order after the sixty-ninth : n. one 
 of 70 equal parts. 
 
 seventy (-ti), n. [pi. seventies 
 (-tiz)], the sum of 10 times 7; the 
 symbol representing 70 units. 
 
 seven-np (-up'), n. a card game. 
 
 sever (sev'er), v.t. to divide or sep- 
 arate with violence ; cut open or 
 through ; keep distinct or apart : 
 v.i. to make a separation or dis- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
■ev 
 
 tinction; be rent asunder; part; 
 distinguish. 
 
 several (-al), adj. distinct; separate; 
 consisting of a number more than 
 two, but not many ; different ; vari- 
 ous. 
 
 severally (-li), adv. separately; in- 
 dividually. 
 
 severalty (-ti), n. a state of separa- 
 tion from the rest, or from all oth- 
 ers. 
 
 severance (-ans), n. the act of sever- 
 ing ; the state of being severed ; 
 separation ; partition. 
 
 severe (se-ver'), adj. strictly adher- 
 ing to rule; strict; austere ; rigid : 
 harsh ; grave ; serious ; inclement ; 
 inflexible ; painful ; critical. 
 
 severely ('li), adv. in a severe man- 
 ner. 
 
 severity (-ver'i-ti), n. [pi. severities 
 (-tiz)], the quality of being severe; 
 harshness ; rigor ; gravity ; exact- 
 ness ; strictness ; inclemency. 
 
 Sevres (sa'vr), n. a highly glazed 
 china or porcelain manufactured at 
 Sevres, France. 
 
 sew (so), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sewed or 
 sewn, p.pr. sewing], to unite or 
 fasten together with a needle and 
 thread*: v.i. to practice sewing. 
 
 sewage (su'aj), n. the foul matter 
 carried off by a sewer. 
 
 sewer ('er), n. a pipe or channel to 
 carry off the used or surface water 
 and foul matter of a town, &c. ; 
 (so'er) one who sews. 
 
 sewerage (-aj), ri. drainage by sew- 
 ers ; the system of sewers of a town, 
 &c. 
 
 sex, a prefix meaning six, as sexen- 
 nial, adj. occurring once in, or last- 
 ing, six years. 
 
 sex (seks), n. the physical distinction 
 between male and female ; one of 
 the two divisions of animals and 
 plants, based on such distinction ; 
 women in general (with the). 
 
 sexagenarian (-a-je-na'ri-an), n. 
 one who is sixty years old. 
 
 sexagenary (-aj'e-na-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to, or noting, the number 60. 
 
 Sexagesima (-a-jes'i-ma), n. the 
 second Sunday before Lent. 
 
 sexagesimal (-mal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or based on, the number 60. 
 
 sha 
 
 adj. pertaining to, or 
 adj. proceeding 
 adj. six- 
 
 sexed (sekst) 
 having, sex. 
 
 sexenary ( 'e-na-ri ) , 
 by sixes. 
 
 sexlocular (-lok'ti-lar), 
 celled. 
 
 sext (sekst), n. in the Roman Bre- 
 viary, the office for the sixth canon- 
 ical ^hour. 
 
 sextain (seks'tan), n. a six-lined 
 stanza. 
 
 sextant ('tant), n. the sixth part of 
 a circle ; an instrument for measur- 
 ing angular distances between ob- 
 jects, used especially at sea for de- 
 termining latitude and longitude. 
 
 sextile ('til), adj. noting the aspect 
 or position of two planets when 
 distant from each other 60°. 
 
 sextillion (-til'yun), n. in the 
 French system of enumeration, fol- 
 lowed in the United States, the 7th 
 power of a. thousand = 1 with 21 
 ciphers annexed ; in the English 
 system, a million raised to the 6th 
 power = 1 with 36 ciphers annexed. 
 
 sexto ('to), n. [pi. sextos ('toz)], 
 a book consisting of sheets each of 
 which is folded into six leaves. 
 
 sexton ('tun), n. an inferior official 
 of a church whose duty it is to at- 
 tend to burials, the church, &c. 
 Fern, sextoness. 
 
 sextuple ('tu-pl), adj. sixfold. 
 
 sexual ('u-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 characteristic of, based on, or dis- 
 tinguishing, sex ; pertaining to the 
 organs of generation. 
 
 sexuality (-al'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being distinguished by 
 sex. 
 
 sexualize (-iz), v.t. to attribute sex 
 to. 
 
 sexually ('ii-al-li), adv. in a sexual 
 manner ; with reference or relation 
 to sex. 
 
 shabbily (shab'i-li), adv. in a shab- 
 by manner. 
 
 shabbiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being shabby. 
 
 shabby ('i), adj. [comp. shabbier, 
 superl. shabbiest], threadbare or 
 worn, as clothes ; mean in appear- 
 ance or conduct ; despicable. 
 
 shack (shak), n. shabby old house; 
 hut ; log cabin. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sha 
 
 sha 
 
 shack (shak), n. liberty of winter 
 pasturage from harvest to seed- 
 time ; a tramp. 
 
 shackle (shak'l), n. anything that 
 confines the hands or legs or ob- 
 structs free action, as gyves ;. fet- 
 ters ; handcuffs ; the bar of a pad- 
 lock : v.t . to fetter ; embarrass or 
 hinder ; unite or fasten with a 
 shackle. 
 
 shad (shad), n. an anadromous fish, 
 valued as food. 
 
 shade (shad), n. comparative ob- 
 scurity caused by the interception 
 of the rays of light ; darkness ; a 
 shady place ; gradation of light ; 
 screen or cover ; the soul after 
 death : pi. wine vaults : v.t. to screen 
 from light or heat ; darken or ob- 
 scure ; shelter ; paint in obscure 
 colors ; mark with gradation of light 
 or color. 
 
 shadily ('i-li), adv. in a shady man- 
 ner. 
 
 shading ('ing), n. the act of making 
 a shade ; representation of light and 
 shade. 
 
 shadow (shad'o), n. shade within 
 defined limits ; shade or deprivation 
 of light representing on a surface 
 the forms of the body which inter- 
 cepts the rays of light ; dark part 
 of a picture ; obscurity or darkness ; 
 protection or security ; reflected im- 
 age ; faint representation ; insepara- 
 ble companion ; small degree ; a de- 
 tective : v.t. to shade ; darken or 
 cloud ; conceal or screen ; represent 
 typically; attend closely as a 
 shadow ; follow and watch closely, 
 as a detective. 
 
 shadowiness (-i-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being shadowy. 
 
 shadowing (-ing), n. shading. 
 
 shadowy ('i), adj. full of, or caus- 
 ing, shade or shadows ; sheltered 
 from light or heat ; dim ; unreal ; 
 typical. 
 
 shady (shad'i), adj. [comp. shadier, 
 superl. shadiest], abounding in, or 
 causing, shade ; sheltered from the 
 glare of light or heat ; pertaining to 
 darkness ; dubious ; equivocal. 
 
 shaft (shaft), n. an arrow; anything 
 resembling an arrow ; the long nar- 
 row entrance to a mine ; carriage- 
 
 pole ; handle ; part of a chimney ; 
 body of a column between the base 
 and the capital. 
 
 shafting ('ing), n. a system of 
 shafts for transmitting power. 
 
 shag (shag), n. a kind of tobacco; 
 rough, woolly hair ; a bushy mass. 
 
 shagginess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being shaggy. 
 
 shaggy ('i), adj. rough with long 
 hair or wool ; rough ; rugged. 
 
 shagreen (sha-gren'), n. the skins 
 of various animals, as horses, don- 
 keys, prepared without tanning, and 
 grained to resemble the skins of 
 sharks ; the rough skin of sharks 
 and dogfishes prepared as leather : 
 adj. made of shagreen. 
 
 shah (sha), n. the sovereign of Per- 
 sia. 
 
 shake (shak), v.t. [p.t. shook, p.p. 
 shaken, p.pr. shaking], to cause to 
 shiver ; move with a quick, short 
 motion ; agitate ; make afraid ; give 
 a tremulous note ; to vibrate : v.i. 
 to tremble or quake. 
 
 shakedown ('doun), n. a temporary 
 bed. 
 
 shaken ('n), p. adj. agitated; cracked 
 or split. 
 
 Shaker ('er), n. one of a religious 
 communistic sect that practices 
 dancing in worship. Fern. Shaker- 
 ess. 
 
 Shakerism ('izm), n. the doctrines 
 or tenets of the Shakers. 
 
 Shakespearean (shak-sper'e-an), 
 adj. pertaining to, resembling, or 
 characteristic of, Shakespeare or his 
 works. Also Shakespearian, Shak- 
 spearian. 
 
 shakiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being shaky. 
 
 shako (shak'o), n. a kind of military 
 cap. 
 
 shaky (shak'i), adj. [comp. shakier, 
 superl. shakiest], in a shaking con- 
 dition ; feeble ; full of cracks ; un- 
 sound. 
 
 shale (shal), n. a husk; a laminated 
 argillaceous rock. 
 
 shall (shal), v.i. & auxil. [p.t. 
 should], to be under obligation: 
 used in the future tense of the verb. 
 
 shalloon (-oon'), n. a kind of twilled 
 worsted stuff. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sha 
 
 shallop ('op), n. a schooner-rigged 
 two-masted boat ; a small boat or 
 canoe. 
 
 shallot ('ot), n. the eschalot. 
 
 shallow ('o), adj. having little depth ; 
 not profound ; superficial ; trifling ; 
 a flat place where the water is not 
 deep ; shoal : v.i. to become shallow. 
 
 sham (sham), n. a trick, fraud, or 
 make-believe ; imposture ; counter- 
 feit : adj. feigned ; false ; unreal : 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. shammed, p.pr. 
 shamming], to make false pretenses : 
 v.t. to make a pretense of in order 
 to deceive. 
 
 shamble (sham'bl), v.i. to walk 
 awkwardly and unsteadily ; shuffle : 
 n.pl. a slaughter-house ; meat-mar- 
 ket. 
 
 shambling ('bling), n. an awkward, 
 unsteady pace. 
 
 shame (sham), n. sl painful sensa- 
 tion caused by the sense of guilt, 
 impropriety, or dishonor ; that 
 which causes shame ; reproach in- 
 curred or suffered ; modesty or de- 
 corum : v.t. to make ashamed ; cause 
 to blush ; cover with disgrace. 
 
 shamefaced ('fast), adj. bashful. 
 
 shameful ('fool), adj. causing 
 shame ; disgraceful ; indecent. 
 
 shamefully (-li), adv. in a shameful 
 manner. 
 
 shammer (sham'er), n. one who 
 shams. 
 
 shammy ('i)> n. chamois. 
 
 shampoo (-poo'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 shampooed, p.pr. shampooing], to 
 rub and press (the limbs and joints) 
 after a hot bath ; to cleanse and 
 rub (the head) with soap, &c. : n. 
 the act of shampooing. 
 
 shampooer ('er), n. one who sham- 
 poos. 
 
 shamrock ('rok), n. a trefoil clover 
 plant : the Irish national emblem. 
 
 shank (shangk), n. the leg from the 
 knee to the ankle ; long part of any 
 instrument ; body of a type. 
 
 shanty (shan'ti), n. a rude hut. 
 
 shapahle (shap'a-bl), adj. that may 
 be shaped ; shapely. 
 
 shape (shap), n. the form or figure 
 of a thing ; external appearance ; 
 pattern : v.t. to make into a particu- 
 
 sha 
 
 lar form; fashion: regulate; con- 
 ceive. 
 
 shapeliness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being shapely. 
 
 shapely ( 'li ) , adj. well-formed ; sym- 
 metrical ; comely. 
 
 shard (shard), n. a potsherd. 
 
 share (shar), n. a portion or part; 
 part allotted or belonging to one; 
 dividend ; plowshare : v.t. to part 
 among two or more ; divide ; take or 
 possess in common; partake of or 
 use with others : v.i. to have a share 
 or part. 
 
 sharehroker ('bro-ker), it. one who 
 deals in railway or other shares. 
 
 shark (shark), n. a large voracious 
 fish with sharp teeth ; a rapacious, 
 artful fellow. 
 
 sharp (sharp), adj. having a very 
 thin edge or fine point; terminating 
 in an edge or point ; very thin ; 
 peaked or ridged ; keen ; severe ; 
 acute; subtle: n. a character (#) in 
 music which raises a note a semi- 
 tone. 
 
 sharpen ('en), v.t. to make sharp or 
 sharper; give edge or point to; 
 make more acute: v.i. to become 
 sharp ; play tricks in bargaining. 
 
 sharper ('er), n. a cheat; swindler. 
 
 shatter (shat-er), v.t. to break into 
 many pieces at once ; crack or rend ; 
 overthrow; dissipate: n.pl. broken 
 fragments. 
 
 shave (shav), v.t. to cut or pare off 
 with a razor or other sharp-edged 
 instrument ; cut in thin slices ; skim 
 along or near the surface of; plun- 
 der or fleece: v.i. to use the razor 
 in removing hair : n. a thin slice ; 
 the operation of shaving; an in- 
 strument for shaving hoops, &c. 
 
 shaver ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, shaves; a barber; a young- 
 ster. 
 
 shaving ( r ing), n. the act of one who 
 shaves ; a thin slice pared off. 
 
 shawl (shawl), n. a square cloth of 
 various materials used as a loose 
 outer covering for the shoulders. 
 &c. : v.t. to cover or wrap with a 
 shawl. 
 
 shawm (shawm), n. an ancient wind 
 instrument. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
she 
 
 shea (she'a), n. a tropical tree yield- 
 ing a kind of butter or solid oil. 
 
 sheaf (shef), n. [pi. sheaves 
 (shevz)], a quantity of grain bound 
 together ; a bundle ; number of ar- 
 rows sufficient to fill a quiver : v.t. to 
 gather or bind into sheaves. 
 
 shear (sher), v.t. [p.t. sheared, p.p. 
 sheared or shorn, p.pr. shearing], to 
 cut or clip, especially with shears ; 
 reap : v.i. to use shears : n.pl. a cut- 
 ting instrument operating like scis- 
 sors, but larger ; an apparatus for 
 raising heavy weights. 
 
 shear-steel ('stel), n. a kind of fine 
 steel, specially tempered, &c. 
 
 shear- water ('waw-ter), n. a Eind 
 of gull. 
 
 sheath (sheth), n. a scabbard; any 
 sheath-like covering. 
 
 sheathe (sheth), v.t. to put into a 
 sheath or scabbard ; case with a pro- 
 tecting covering. 
 
 sheave (shev), n. a grooved wheel 
 in a block or pulley over which the 
 rope runs. 
 
 Shechinah (she-kT-na), n. the visible 
 presence of Jehovah manifested 
 from the mercy-seat and reflected 
 from the overshadowing cherubim. 
 Also Shekinah. 
 
 shed (shed), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. shed, 
 p.pr. shedding], to pour out or dif- 
 fuse ; cause to flow out ; emit : v.i. 
 to let fall or cast off seed: n. a 
 slight building. 
 
 sheen (shen), n. brightness; splen- 
 dor : adj. bright ; glittering. Also 
 sheeny : v.i. to shine or glisten. 
 
 sheep (shep), w., s. & pi. any rumi- 
 nant animal of the genus Ovis, val- 
 ued for its wool and flesh ; a foolish, 
 bashful fellow: pi. God's people, as 
 being under the care of the Good 
 Shepherd, Jesus Christ. 
 
 sheer (sher), adj. pure; unmixed; 
 very thin or transparent ; precipi- 
 tous : v.i. to deviate from the proper 
 course. 
 
 sheers, same as shears. 
 
 sheet (shet), n. a large thin slice of 
 anything ; broad piece of linen to 
 cover a bed ; broad piece of paper ; 
 letter ; newspaper ; broad expanse 
 or surface; rope attached to a sail 
 
 shi 
 
 to extend it ; open space in the bow 
 or stern of a boat. 
 
 sheik (shek, or shak), n. the head of 
 a Bedouin family, tribe, or clan. 
 
 shekel (shek'el), n. an ancient Jew- 
 ish coin or weight : pi. money. 
 
 Shekinah, same as Shechinah. 
 
 sheldrake (shel'drak), n. a kind of 
 duck. Fern, shelduck. 
 
 shelf (shelf ) ,n. [pi. shelves (shelvz) ], 
 a flat ledge or board for holding 
 anything; a sandbank or flat pro- 
 jecting ledge of rock. 
 
 shell (shel), n. sl hard outside cover- 
 ing ; any framework ; rough kind of 
 coffin ; a hollow projectile ; lightly 
 constructed boat : v.t. to strip off or 
 remove the shell of ; take out of the 
 shell ; separate from the ear or cob ; 
 throw shells upon or into : v.i. to fall 
 off, as a shell. 
 
 shellac (-ak'), n. crude resin lac 
 melted and formed into thin plates. 
 
 shelter ('ter), n. that which protects 
 or shields ; security ; asylum ; har- 
 bor ; defense ; protector : v.t. to pro- 
 tect or shield from injury or vio- 
 lence ; conceal : v.i. to take or give 
 shelter. 
 
 sheltie ('ti), n. a Shetland pony. 
 
 shelve (shelv), v.t. to place on a 
 shelf; furnish with a shelf; dismiss 
 from service, or postpone indefinite- 
 ly : v.i. to incline gradually ; slope. 
 
 shelving ('ing), n. materials for 
 shelves ; shelves collectively. 
 
 Sheol ( she'ol ) , n. among the Hebrews 
 the place of departed spirits; Ha- 
 des. 
 
 shepherd (shep'erd), n. one who 
 tends sheep ; a pastor. Fern, shep- 
 herdess : v.t. to tend as a shepherd. 
 
 sherbet (sher'bet), n. a cooling bev- 
 erage of water and fruit juices sweet- 
 ened, &c. 
 
 sherd (sherd), n. a fragment. 
 
 sheriff ('if), n. the chief executive 
 officer of a shire or county. 
 
 sheriffalty (-al-ti), n. the office or 
 jurisdiction of a sheriff. 
 
 sherry ('i), n. a dry amber-colored 
 wine, originally obtained from 
 Xeres, Spain. 
 
 shew, same as show. 
 
 shibboleth (shib'o-leth), n. a word 
 which was made the criterion to dis- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
shi 
 
 sho 
 
 tinguish the Ephraimites from the 
 Gileadites, the former not being 
 able to pronounce sh (Judges xii.) • 
 hence the criterion of a party. 
 
 shied, p.t. & p.p. of shy. 
 
 shield (sheld), n. a broad piece of 
 defensive armor, carried on the left 
 arm ; defense or protection ; an es- 
 cutcheon : v.t . to protect with, or 
 as with, a shield ; ward off or avert. 
 
 shift (shift), n. a turning from one 
 thing to another ; change ; substitu- 
 tion ; chemise : v.t. to change the 
 place of ; dress in fresh clothes : v.i. 
 resort to expedients ; to alter or 
 change. 
 
 shiftless ('les), adj. destitute of ex- 
 pedients ; having no means of liveli- 
 hood ; lazy ; improvident. 
 
 shifty ('0, adj. full of expedients; 
 changeable. 
 
 shillalah (shil-a'la), n. an oaken 
 cudgel. Also shillelah, shillelagh 
 [Irish]. 
 
 shilling ('ing), n. a silver British 
 coin, value about 24 cents. 
 
 shilly-shally ('i-shal'i), adv. in an 
 irresolute, undecided manner : v.i. 
 to hesitate ; act irresolutely. 
 
 Shiloh (shl'16), n. the Messiah [He- 
 brew]. 
 
 shimmer (shim'er), v.t. to shine un- 
 steadily or tremulously ; flicker : n. 
 a tremulous gleam ; flicker. 
 
 shin (shin), n. the forepart of the leg 
 between the ankle and knee ; shank : 
 v.i to climb a tree, &c, by means of 
 the hands and legs. 
 
 shindy (Mi), n. an uproar; spree; 
 fancy. , 
 
 shine (shin), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. shone, 
 p.pr. shining], to emit rays of light; 
 be bright or beautiful ; be distin- 
 guished, eminent, or conspicuous : 
 v.t. to cause to shine by reflected 
 light : n. sunshine ; bright weather ; 
 row ; prank ; fancy for a person. 
 
 shiner ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, shines; the dace; a gold 
 coin. 
 
 shingle (shing'gl), n. a thin piece of 
 wood used for roofing ; coarse, round, 
 water-worn gravel : pi. a cutaneous 
 disease which spreads round the 
 body like a belt : v.t. to cover or roof 
 with shingles. 
 
 shining (shin'ing), adj. emitting 
 light; radiant; eminent; distin- 
 guished. 
 
 shinty ('ti), n. hockey; the club used 
 in playing hockey. 
 
 Shintoism (shin'to-izm), n. the na- 
 tive religion of Japan, a system of 
 nature and ancestor worship, asso- 
 ciated with which is the peculiar 
 reverence paid to the Mikado. Also 
 Shinto. 
 
 Shintoist (-ist), n. an adherent of 
 Shintoism. 
 
 shinty ('ti), n. hockey; the club used 
 in playing it [Scotch]. 
 
 shiny (shin'i), adj. [comp. shinier, 
 superl, shiniest], diffusing light; 
 bright. 
 
 ship, a suffix meaning office, state, 
 dignity, art, or skill, as lordship, 
 horsemanship. 
 
 ship (ship), n. any large vessel for 
 the conveyance of passengers or 
 merchandise, especially one with 
 three masts and square-rigged : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. shipped, p.pr. shipping], 
 to place on board a ship ; carry by 
 water ; put in its place or proper 
 position : v.i. engage for service on 
 board ship. 
 
 shipboard ('bord), n. the deck of a 
 ship. 
 
 shipshape ('shap), adj. in good or- 
 der : adv. neatly. 
 
 shocker (shok'er), n. one who, or 
 that which, shocks ; cheap sensa- 
 tional novel. 
 
 shocking ('ing), adj. causing to 
 shake or tremble ; extremely offen- 
 sive or disgusting. 
 
 shod, p.t. of shoe. 
 
 shoddy (shod'i), n. the wool of old 
 woolen fabrics torn to pieces and 
 remade with an admixture of fresh 
 wool into new cloth : adj. made of 
 shoddy ; not genuine ; sham. 
 
 shoe (shoo), n. [pi. shoes (shooz)], 
 a low covering for the foot, usually 
 of leather ; a horseshoe ; anything 
 in the shape of a shoe : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. shod, p.pr. shoeing], to furnish 
 with a shoe or shoes ; tip. 
 
 shone, p.t. & p.p. of shine. 
 
 shook (shook), p.t. of shake: n. a set 
 of staves and headings for a cask 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
slio 
 
 ready to be set up ; set of boards for 
 a sugar-box : v.t. to pack in sbooks. 
 
 shoot (shoot), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. shot. 
 p.pr. shooting], to iet fly or dis- 
 charge with a sudden force, as a 
 bullet, &c. ; strike with a shot ; hurl ; 
 emit ; kill game in or over : v.i. to 
 protrude or project ; be shot or pro< 
 pelled forcibly ; rush along ; sprout ; 
 be affected with darting pains : n. a J 
 young branch or growth ; chute. 
 
 shooting ('ing), n. the act of one 
 who shoots ; wounding and killing 
 with a firearm ; sensation of darting 
 pain : adj. pertaining to, or suitable 
 for, shooting. 
 
 shop (shop), n. a building where 
 goods are sold by retail ; place 
 where mechanics carry on their 
 trade : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. shopped, p. 
 pr. shopping], to visit shops to pur- 
 chase goods. 
 
 shoplifting ('lift-ing), n. stealing 
 goods from a shop. 
 
 shore (shor), n. the coast or land ad- 
 jacent to the sea, &c. ; a prop or 
 support : v.t. to support by a shore 
 or shores. 
 
 shoring ('ing), n. the act of support- 
 ing or strengthening by a shore ; 
 props collectively. 
 
 shorn, p.t. of shear. 
 
 short (short), adj. [comp. shorter, 
 superl. shortest], not long either in 
 space or time ; near at hand ; inade- 
 quate ; defective ; deficient ; not tena- 
 cious ; abrupt ; petulant ; brief ; brit- 
 tle; crumbling in the mouth; not 
 prolonged in sound : pi. ground 
 grain sifted finer than bran : adv. 
 abruptly ; quickly. 
 
 shorten ('n), v.t. to make short or 
 shorter in time, extent, or measure. 
 
 slforthand ('hand), n. a system of 
 writing by abbreviated symbols. 
 
 shortly ('li), adv. soon; quickly; 
 curtly. 
 
 shortness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being short. 
 
 shot (shot), n. [pi. shots and shot], 
 the act of shooting; discharge of a 
 firearm, &c. ; missile, especially a 
 bullet or ball ; small balls of lead 
 for killing game ; a marksman : 
 range of a missile : v.t. to load with 
 shot. 
 
 shot-silk ('silk), n. a silk fabric hav- 
 ing the warp and weft of two colors, 
 thus presenting changeable tints. 
 
 should, p.t. of shall. 
 
 shoulder (shol'der), n. the articula- 
 tion connecting the human arm, or 
 the foreleg of a quadruped, to the 
 body ; that which resembles a shoul- 
 der ; a prominence ; support : pi. the 
 upper part of the back: v.t. to take 
 upon the shoulder ; assume the re- 
 sponsibility of ; jostle or thrust 
 about with the shoulder. 
 
 shout (shout), n. a loud and sudden 
 cry or outburst of joy, triumph, en- 
 couragement, &c. : v.i. to utter a 
 loud and sudden cry : v.t. to utter 
 with a shout. 
 
 shove (shuv), n. a forcible push: 
 v.t. to push along ; drive before one : 
 v.i. to push forward or off. 
 
 shovel ('1), n. an implement with a 
 broad scoop and a handle for lifting 
 and throwing coal, &c. : v.t. to take 
 and throw up with a shovel ; gather 
 up with, or as with, a shovel. 
 
 show (sho), v.t. [p.t. showed, p.p. 
 shown, p.pr. showing], to present to 
 view ; display ; disclose ; make clear ; 
 guide ; direct ; teach ; confer or be- 
 stow : v.i. to appear ; manifest one's 
 self : n. the act of showing ; expos- 
 ure to sight ; ostentatious display ; 
 exhibition or spectacle ; pretense. 
 
 shower ( shou'er ) , n. a fall of rain or 
 hail of short duration ; copious fall 
 or supply of anything : v.t. to water 
 copiously with rain ; bestow liberal- 
 ly : v.i. to rain in showers. 
 
 showeriness { -i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being showery. 
 
 showery (shou'er-i), adj. raining or 
 abounding in showers. 
 
 showily (sho'i-li), adv. in a showy 
 manner. 
 
 showiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being showy ; ostenta- 
 tion ; parade. 
 
 showy ('i), adj. ostentatious; gay. 
 
 shrank, p.t. of shrink. 
 
 shrapnel-shell (shrap'nel-shel), n. 
 sl projectile filled with bullets and a 
 bursting charge. 
 
 shred (shred), n. a long narrow piece 
 torn or cut off ; piece or fragment : 
 v.t. to tear into small pieces. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 D - 47 » book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
shr 
 
 sliu 
 
 shrew (shroo), n. a scolding, vexa- 
 tious woman ; a small, insectivorous, 
 burrowing animal, resembling a 
 mouse. 
 
 shrewd (shrood), adj. sharp-witted 
 or clever in practical affairs ; of 
 nice discernment ; sagacious ; sly ; 
 astute. 
 
 shrewish (shroo'ish), adj. like a 
 shrew. 
 
 shriek (shrek), v.i. to utter a shriek : 
 n. a sharp, shrill outcry. 
 
 shrievalty (shrev'al-ti), n. the office 
 or jurisdiction of a sheriff. Also 
 shrivalty. 
 
 shrift (shrift), n. confession to a 
 priest ; absolution. 
 
 shrike (shrik), n. a bird that preys 
 on small birds and insects and im- 
 pales them on thorns to eat them 
 conveniently ; the butcher-bird. 
 
 shrill (shril), adj. sharp and pierc- 
 ing in tone: v.i. to utter an acute, 
 piercing sound. 
 
 shrimp (shrimp), n. a small shell- 
 fish allied to the lobster ; anything 
 very small of its kind ; a dwarf. 
 
 shrine (shrin), n. a case or recepta- 
 cle in which sacred relics are de- 
 posited ; any sacred place or hal- 
 lowed object ; an altar : v.t. to place 
 in a shrine. 
 
 shrink (shringk), v.i. [p.t. shrank, 
 p.p. shrunk, p.pr. shrinking], to 
 contract spontaneously ; become 
 wrinkled ; withdraw ; recoil : v.t. to 
 cause to contract : n. contraction ; 
 withdrawal. 
 
 shrinkage ('aj), n. the act of shrink- 
 ing ; contraction ; decrease in value. 
 
 shrive (shriv), v.t. [p.t. shrived or 
 shrove, p.p. shriven, p.pr. shriving], 
 to confess and absolve : v.i. to re- 
 ceive confession. 
 
 shrivel (shriv'l), v.i. to be drawn 
 into wrinkles ; contract : v.t. to 
 cause to contract into wrinkles. 
 
 shroud (shroud), n. a winding sheet 
 or covering for the dead ; anything 
 that covers or conceals : pi. a set of 
 large ropes supporting the masts : 
 v.t. to cover with, or as with, a 
 shroud ; conceal. 
 
 shrove, p.t. of shrive. 
 
 Shrove Tuesday (shrov ttiz'da), n. 
 
 the Tuesday next before Ash Wed- 
 nesday. 
 
 shrub (shrub), n. a woody plant of 
 less size than a tree ; a kind of 
 beverage of lemon juice, spirit, &c. 
 
 shrubbery ('er-i), n. [pi. shrubber- 
 ies (-iz)], a collection of shrubs; 
 plantation of shrubs. 
 
 shrug (shrug), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 shrugged, p.pr. shrugging], to con- 
 tract or draw up (the shoulders) to 
 express doubt, contempt, dislike, 
 &c. : v.i. to raise the shoulders : n. 
 a raising or contracting of the shoul- 
 ders. 
 
 shrunk, p.t. & p.p. of shrink. 
 
 shrunken ( shrungk'en ) , p. adj. 
 shriveled up. 
 
 shuck (shuck), n. a shell or husk: 
 v.t. to deprive of shells or husks. 
 
 shudder (shud'er), n. a trembling 
 with fear or horror ; cold shivering : 
 v.i. to feel a cold tremor from fear 
 or horror ; quake. 
 
 shuddering (-ing), p.adj. trembling 
 as with fear or horror. 
 
 shuffle (shuf'l), v.t. to push from one 
 to another ; change the relative po- 
 sitions of : v.i. to change the order 
 of cards in a pack ; evade fair ques- 
 tions ; prevaricate ; drag the feet in 
 walking or dancing : n. the act of 
 shuffling ; artifice or evasion ; slov- 
 enly, irregular gait. 
 
 shuffler ('ler), n. one who shuffles; 
 an American duck. 
 
 shuffling ('ling), adj. moving with 
 a slovenly, irregular gait ; evasive. 
 
 shun (shun), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 shunned, p.pr. shunning], to avoid; 
 keep clear of ; escape from ; neg- 
 lect ; decline. 
 
 shunt (shunt), v.t. to turn off, 'on, 
 or as on, a side rail : v.i. to be 
 turned aside: n. a turning off to a" 
 side rail ; a short side rail. 
 
 shut (shut), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. shut, 
 p.pr. shutting], to close so as to 
 prevent entrance or exit ; prohibit 
 or bar ; exclude ; close over : v.i. to 
 become closed : adj. closed. 
 
 shutter ('er), n. N one who, or that 
 ^ which, shuts ; a movable screen for 
 a window. 
 
 shuttle ('1), n. an instrument used 
 
 &te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
8hu 
 
 in weaving ; sliding thread-holder 
 in a sewing machine. 
 
 shuttlecock (-kok), n. a cork stuck 
 with feathers and driven with a 
 battledore. 
 
 shy (shl), adj. [comp. shyer, superl. 
 shyest] , timid ; shunning approach : 
 cautious ; reserved ; suspicious ; mod- 
 est : v.i. to start aside from fear : 
 v.t. to throw sidewise with a jerk ; 
 fling: n. the act of starting aside 
 from fear; a side throw. 
 
 shyly ('li), adv. in a shy manner. 
 
 shyness ('nes), n. the state of being 
 shy. 
 
 shyster ('ster), n. one who carries 
 on legal business in a mean and 
 tricky manner. 
 
 si (se), the seventh note of the scale 
 [Music]. 
 
 Siamese (si-a-mez'), adj. pertaining 
 to Siam, its language, or inhabitants. 
 
 sibilance (sib'i-lans), n. the state or 
 quality of being sibilant. Also sib- 
 ilancy. 
 
 sibilant ('i-lant), adj. making, or 
 uttering, a hissing sound: n. a sibi- 
 lant letter, as s, z. 
 
 sibilation (-la'shun), n. utterance 
 with a hissing sound. 
 
 sibyl ('il), n. a woman endowed with 
 a spirit of prophecy. 
 
 sibylline (-in), adj. pertaining to, 
 , uttered, or written by, a sibyl. 
 
 sic (sik), adj. such [Scotch]: adv. 
 thus [Latin]. 
 
 siccative ('a-tiv), adj. drying. 
 
 sice (sis), n. the number 6 at dice. 
 
 sick (sik), adj. ill in health; affected 
 with nausea ; inclined to vomit ; 
 disgusted ; indisposed ; set apart for 
 the sick. 
 
 sicken ('n), v.i. to become sick; fall 
 ill ; be filled with disgust ; decay or 
 languish : v.t. to make sick ; disgust. 
 
 sickening (-ing), adj. making sick; 
 disgusting ; nauseating. 
 
 sickish ('ish), adj. somewhat sick or 
 ill ; exciting disgust. 
 
 sickle ('1), n. a reaping hook. 
 
 sickliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
 being sickly or in bad health. 
 
 sickly ('li), adj. ailing; weak; ha- 
 bitually indisposed ; producing dis- 
 ease. 
 
 sickness ('nes), n. the state of being 
 
 «ig 
 
 sick or in bad health ; illness ; dis- 
 eased condition. 
 
 sida (sl'da), n. a ligneous Indian fiber 
 used as a substitute for hemp and 
 # flax. 
 
 side (sid), n. one of the surfaces that 
 define or limit a solid ; edge ; part 
 of a man or an animal between the 
 shoulder and hip ; slope or declivity ; 
 party ; position ; line of descent ; as- 
 pect ; affectation or self-assertion ; 
 bias of a billiard ball : v.i. to em- 
 brace the cause or tenets of one 
 party against another : v.t. to stand 
 _ at the side of. 
 
 sideboard ('bord), n. a piece of din- 
 ing-room furniture for holding din- 
 ing utensils. 
 
 sidelong ('10ng), adv. obliquely: adj. 
 lateral. 
 
 sidereal (si-de're-al), adj. pertaining 
 to the stars ; astral ; measured by 
 the apparent motion of the stars. 
 
 sidereal year (yer), n. the time oc- 
 cupied by the earth in completing 
 its revolution round the sun. 
 
 side- wheel (sid'hwel), n. a paddle 
 wheel at the side of a steamboat. 
 
 side- wheeler ('er), n. a steamboat 
 having side-wheels. 
 
 siding ('ing), n. a railroad track by 
 the side of the main track, for 
 switching, &c. : adj. taking sides. 
 
 sidle ('1), v.i. to go or move side 
 foremost. 
 
 siege (sej), n. the surrounding and 
 investing of a place by an army to 
 compel its surrender ; continued en- 
 deavor to obtain possession ; floor of 
 a glass furnace : v.t. to besiege. 
 
 sienna (si-en'a), n. red or brown 
 clay obtained from Sienna, Italy : 
 # used as a pigment. 
 
 sierra (se-er'a), n. a chain of moun- 
 tains with serrated ridges. 
 
 siesta (-es'ta), n. midday or after- 
 dinner nap. 
 
 sieve (siv), n. a utensil for separat- 
 ing the finer from the coarser parts 
 of a substance. 
 
 siffleur (si-fler'), n. a professional 
 whistler. Fern, siffleuse. 
 
 sift (sift), v.t. to separate with, or 
 ^as with, a sieve; scrutinize. 
 
 sigh (si), v.i. to inhale and respire 
 with a long, deep, and audible 
 
 ate, firm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
«g 
 
 breathing ; grieve ; lament : v.t. to 
 express by sighs ; mourn : n. the 
 act of sighing. 
 
 sight (sit), n. the act of seeing; per- 
 ception ; visibility ; judgment ; men- 
 tal view ; spectacle ; view ; space 
 seen ; a small piece of metal on a 
 gun, &c, to guide the eye in aiming ; 
 large number or quantity : v.t. to 
 see ; adjust the sight of. 
 
 sightliness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being sightly. 
 
 sightly ( 'li ) , adj. pleasing to the eye. 
 
 sigmoid (sig'moid), adj. curved like 
 the letter s. 
 
 sign (sin), n. a mark, token, or sym- 
 bol ; that by which anything is 
 known or represented ; visible rep- 
 resentation ; memorial ; indication ; 
 the twelfth part of the zodiac • 
 omen ; wonder ; signboard : v.t. to 
 represent with a sign ; signify ; af- 
 fix a signature to ; ratify by writing 
 one's own name ; convey formally : 
 v.i. to make a sign or signal. 
 
 signal (sig'nal), n. a sign for giving 
 notice, especially at a distance : 
 something to attract the eye or ear : 
 adj. memorable ; distinguished ; re- 
 markable ; pertaining to signals : 
 v.t. to convey by signals ; make sig- 
 nals to. 
 
 signalize (-iz), v.t. to make especial- 
 ly conspicuous. 
 
 signatory ('na-to-ri), adj. signing- 
 n. one who signs or subscribes, es- 
 pecially for a state. 
 
 signature ('na-tur), n. name of a 
 person written by himself ; sign- 
 manual ; mark or stamp impressed : 
 flats or sharps after the clef to in- 
 dicate the key [Music]. 
 
 signet (sig'net), n. a seal, especially 
 that used by a sovereign in sealing 
 documents under sign-manual. 
 
 significance (-nif'i-kans), n. mean- 
 ing or import ; consequence. Also 
 significancy. 
 
 significant (-kant), adj. designed or 
 adapted to signify ; expressive or 
 suggestive ; important : n. a token 
 or symbol. 
 
 signification (-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of signifying; that which is signi- 
 fied ; meaning. 
 
 sil 
 
 significator (-nif'i-ka-ter), n. onv. 
 who, or that which, signifies. 
 
 significatory (-to-ri), adj. having 
 signification. 
 
 signify ('ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sig- 
 nified, p.pr. signifying], to show by 
 a sign, mark, or token ; denote : 
 make known ; involve ; manifest : 
 v.i. to be of consequence. 
 
 signiory (sen'yor-i), n. dominion; 
 lordship; estate; aristocracy [Ital- 
 ian]. 
 
 sign-manual (sin'man-ii-al), n. a 
 signature, especially a royal signa- 
 ture. 
 
 signer (sen'yor), n. sir [Italian]. 
 Also isignior. Fern, signora. 
 
 signorina (-e'na), n. Miss [Italian]. 
 
 Sikh (sek), n. one of a warlike race 
 _ inhabiting the Punjab. 
 
 silage, same as ensilage. 
 
 silence (si'lens), n. entire absence 
 of sound ; having no sound ; taci- 
 turnity ; obscurity ; oblivion : v.t. to 
 make silent ; reduce to silence by 
 irrefutable arguments ; cause to 
 cease firing ; restrain from the ex- 
 ercise of any function, especially 
 preaching. 
 
 silent ('lent), adj. noiseless; not 
 speaking ; not pronounced ; taci- 
 turn ; quiet. 
 
 silesia (si-le'shi-a), n. a kind of lin- 
 en cloth. 
 
 silex (si'leks), n. flint. 
 
 silhouette (sil-oo-et'), n. the out- 
 line or profile filed in with black : 
 v.t. to represent by a silhouette. 
 
 silica ('i-ka), n. silicon dioxide. 
 
 silicate ('i-kat), n. a salt of silicic 
 acid. 
 
 silicated (-ka-ted), adj. combined or 
 impregnated with silica. 
 
 silicic (si-lis'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 derived from, compounded with, or 
 like, silica. 
 
 silico, a prefix denoting the presence 
 of silicon, as siZico fluoride. 
 
 silicon ('i-kon), n. a non-metallic ele- 
 ment. 
 
 silk (silk), n. a fine, soft, tenacious 
 thread spun by certain caterpillars, 
 as that of Bombyx mori ; cloth made 
 of silk ; garment made of silk : adj. 
 pertaining to, or made of, silk. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, £7ten. 
 
sil 
 
 sin 
 
 silken ('en), adj. made of, or like, 
 silk. 
 
 silkiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being silky. 
 
 silky ('i), adj. pertaining to, made 
 of, or resembling, silk ; silken. 
 
 sill (sil), n. the foundation of any- 
 thing in timber or stone, especially 
 a timber at the bottom of a door or 
 window ; a young herring. 
 
 sillibub ('i-bub), n. a mixture of 
 cream, wine, or cider, forming a 
 soft curd. Also sillabub ; syllabub. 
 
 sillily ('i-li), adv. foolishly. 
 
 silliness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being silly. 
 
 silly ('i), adj. [comp. sillier, superl. 
 silliest], weak in intellect; foolish; 
 indiscreet. 
 
 silo (si'lo), n. a store pit for green 
 fodder, potatoes, &c. 
 
 silt (silt), n. mud or sand deposited 
 by running or standing water : v.t. 
 to fill up or obstruct with silt : v.i. 
 to percolate. 
 
 silver (sil'ver), n. a soft, white, 
 metallic element, used for coins and 
 articles of plate, &c. ; money ; any- 
 thing resembling silver in brightness 
 or color : adj. pertaining to, or made 
 of, silver ; soft and clear, as the 
 voice ; gentle : v.t. to cover or coat 
 with silver. 
 
 silvering (-ing), n. the art or process 
 of covering with silver, or with an 
 amalgam of tin and quicksilver ; the 
 film thus laid on. 
 
 silvery (-i), adj. covered with, con- 
 taining, or like, silver ; soft and 
 a clear ; bright. 
 
 simian (sim'i-an), adj. pertaining to, 
 characteristic of, or like an ape : n. 
 an ape or monkey. 
 
 similar ('i-lar), adj. having a gen- 
 eral likeness or correspondence ; 
 alike. 
 
 similarity ('i-ti), n. resemblance. 
 
 simile ('i-l§), n. [pi. similies (-lez)], 
 a likening by comparison to illus- 
 trate something. 
 
 similor ('i-10r), n. an alloy of copper 
 and zinc in imitation of gold. 
 
 simmer ('er) , v.t. & v.i. to boil gently. 
 
 simony (sim'o-ni), n. the act or 
 crime of buying or selling ecclesias- 
 tical preferment ; corrupt presenta- 
 
 tion of any one to a benefice : from 
 ^ Simon Magus Acts viii., 18. 
 
 simoom (si-moom'), n. a hot, dry, 
 
 " suffocating wind which blows from 
 
 the deserts of Arabia, &c, laden 
 
 with minute particles of sand. Also 
 
 simoon. 
 
 simous (si'mus), adj. having a flat 
 or snub nose. 
 
 simper (sim'per), v.i. to smile in an 
 affected or silly manner : n. affected 
 ^ or silly smile. 
 
 simple (sim'pl), adj. [comp. sim- 
 pler, superl. simplest], single, not 
 complex ; undivided ; not blended or 
 compounded ; pure ; plain ; un- 
 adorned ; sincere ; natural ; unaf- 
 fected ; intelligible ; clear ; weak in 
 intellect ; humble ; plain : n. some- 
 thing unmixed or not compounded; 
 a medicinal herb. 
 
 simpleton (-tun), n. one who is 
 foolish or of weak intellect. 
 
 simplicity (-plis'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being simple ; artlessness 
 of mind ; freedom from duplicity ; 
 absence of excessive or artificial or- 
 nament ; clearness : innocence ; folly. 
 
 simplification (-pli-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the act of simplifying. 
 
 simplify ('pli-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 simplified, p.pr. simplifying], to 
 make simple ; render less complex ; 
 make plain or easy. 
 
 simply ('pli), adv. in a simple man- 
 ner ; without addition ; only ; mere- 
 ly ; foolishly or weakly. 
 
 simulate ('u-lat), v.t. to pretend or 
 counterfeit ; assume the likeness of. 
 
 simulation (=-la'shun), n. the act of 
 simulating or feigning that which 
 > is not true. 
 
 simultaneous (-ul-ta'ne-us), adj. 
 happening, done, or existing at the 
 same time. 
 
 sin (sin), n. wilful transgression of 
 the Divine law ; neglect of the laws 
 of morality and religion ; violation 
 of propriety ; transgression ; in- 
 iquity : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sinned, p.pr. 
 sinning [, to commit sin; transgress 
 or offend. 
 
 Sinaitic (si-na-it'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or given at, Mt. Sinai. 
 
 sinapism ( sin'a-pizm ) , n. a mustard 
 plaster. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
sin 
 
 sip 
 
 since (sins), adv. from that time; 
 before this or now : prep, from the 
 time of ; after : conj. because ; see- 
 ing that ; considering. ^ 
 
 sincere ( sin-ser' ) , adj. true ; hon- 
 est ; not falsely assumed ; genuine ; 
 frank; upright; pure; adulterated. 
 
 sincerely (-li), adj. in a sincere man- 
 ner. 
 
 sincerity (-ser'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being sincere ; freedom 
 from hypocrisy or pretense. Also 
 sincereness. 
 
 sine (sin), n. a straight line drawn 
 from one extremity of the arc of a 
 circle perpendicular to the diameter 
 passing through the other extremity : 
 a prefix meaning without, as sine- 
 cure (sm'e-kur), any office or posi- 
 tion for which pay is received with- 
 out an equivalent in work rendered. 
 
 sinew (sin'u), n. a tendon; anything 
 supplying strength. 
 
 sinewy (-i), adj. pertaining to, con- 
 sisting of, or like, sinew; vigorous; 
 tough. 
 
 sinful ('fool), adj. full of sin; 
 wicked ; impious ; unholy. 
 
 sinfully (-li), adv. in a sinful man- 
 ner. 
 
 sing (sing), v.i. [p.t. sung, sang, p.p. 
 sung, p.pr. singing], to utter melo- 
 dious sounds ; make a shrill or hum- 
 ming noise ; celebrate in verse or 
 poetry ; cry out : v.t. to celebrate in 
 song; chant. 
 
 singe (sinj), v.t. to burn slightly or 
 ^ on the surface : n. a slight burn. 
 
 single (sing'gl), adj. consisting of 
 one only ; alone ; separate ; unmar- 
 ried; performed by one person or 
 one on each side ; straightforward ; 
 sincere; honest: v.t. to select (one 
 person or thing) from others ; sepa- 
 rate : n. a unit : pi. reeled and 
 twisted filaments of silk ; in lawn 
 tennis, a game with only one player 
 ^on each side. 
 
 singleness (-nes), n. the state or 
 ^ quality of being single; sincerity. 
 
 singleton (-tun), n. a single card of 
 any suit held by a player at a deal, 
 as at whist. 
 
 singly ('gli), adv. individually; par- 
 ticularly. 
 
 singsong (sing'sSng), n. bad singing 
 
 or poetry; monotonous or drawling 
 tone : adj. monotonous. 
 
 singular ('gu-ler), adj. not complex 
 or compound ; alone ; noting one per- 
 son or thing ; uncommon ; unusual ; 
 strange ; extraordinary ; eminent ; 
 peculiar ; odd ; unique : n. in Gram- 
 mar, the number denoting one per- 
 son or thing. 
 
 singularity Mar'i-ti), n. [pi. singu- 
 larities (-tiz)], the state or quality 
 of being singular; peculiarity; odd- 
 ity. 
 
 sinister ( f is-ter), adj. inauspicious; 
 unlucky ; evil ; ill-omened ; corrupt ; 
 dishonest ; on the left hand or side. 
 
 sink (singk), v.i. [p.t. sunk, sank, 
 p.p. sunk, sunken, p.pr. sinking], to 
 fall or go downwards ; fall to the 
 bottom ; descend lower and lower ; 
 decline gradually ; enter deeply ; sub- 
 side : v.t . to cause to sink ; make by 
 digging ; lower in value or amount ; 
 reduce or extinguish by payment : 
 n. a drain to carry off dirty or su- 
 perfluous water. 
 
 sinner ( sin'er ) , n. one who sins ; an 
 offender ; transgressor ; one who is 
 unregenerate. 
 
 sinnet ('et), n. a yarn bound round 
 ropes to prevent friction. Also sen- 
 net. 
 
 Sinology (si-nol'o-ji), 11. the system- 
 atized knowledge of the Chinese lan- 
 guage, literature, laws, and history. 
 
 sinter (sin'ter), n. crystallized rock 
 precipitated from mineral water; 
 scale from hammered iron. 
 
 sinuate (sin'u-at), adj. having the 
 margin alternately curved inward 
 and outward. 
 
 sinuosity (-os'i-ti), n. sl wavy line; 
 the character of being sinuous. 
 
 sinuous ('u-us), adj. bending in and 
 out ; winding ; crooked. 
 
 sinus ( si'nus ) , n. a bay or recess ; 
 cavity or depression ; fistula. 
 
 sip (sip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sipped, p.pr, 
 sipping], to imbibe in small quan- 
 tities ; drink out of ; draw into the 
 mouth ; taste : v.i. to drink a small 
 quantity ; take a fluid with the lips : 
 n. the act of sipping ; taste. 
 
 siphon (si'fon), n. a bent pipe or 
 tube having one end longer than the 
 other, used for drawing off liquids 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
»lp 
 
 from a higher to a lower level ; the 
 respiratory tube of a rnollusk ; a 
 siphon bottle : v.t. to convey or draw 
 off by a siphon. Also syphon. 
 
 siphonage (-aj), n. the action of a 
 siphon. 
 
 Sir (ser), n. the title of a baronet 
 or knight ; a term of respect. 
 
 sirdar (dar'), n. in India, a chief; 
 captain. 
 
 sire (sir), n. a title of respect used 
 in addressing the sovereign ; father ; 
 head of a family ; male of beasts : 
 v.t. to procreate. 
 
 siren (si'ren), n. one of certain fabu- 
 lous nymphs in Southern Italy said 
 to have sung with such sweetness 
 that mariners were irresistibly lured 
 to their destruction : hence a woman 
 dangerous from her fascinating, en- 
 ticing wiles ; a foghorn, a South 
 American eel-like amphibian : adj. 
 pertaining to, characteristic of, or 
 like, a siren ; bewitching. 
 
 sirene (-ren'), n. an instrument for 
 ascertaining the number of vibra- 
 tions per second corresponding to a 
 note of given pitch. 
 
 Sirius (sir'i-us), n. the dog-star. 
 
 sirloin (ser'loin), n. the loin, or up- 
 per part of the loin, of beef. 
 
 sirocco (si-rok'6), n. [pi. siroccos 
 ('oz)], a hot, relaxing wind, from 
 the Libyan deserts. 
 
 sirrah (sir'a), n. a term of reproach 
 or contempt. 
 
 sisal-grass (sis'al-gras), n. the pre- 
 pared fiber of the American aloe, 
 used for cordage, &c. 
 
 siskin ('kin'), n. a kind of finch. 
 
 siss (sis), n. a hissing noise: v.t. to 
 make a hissing noise. 
 
 sister (sis'ter), n. a female born of 
 the same parents as another person ; 
 a female fellow-Christian ; a female 
 of the same religious society, order, 
 or community ; nun ; one of the same 
 kind or condition. 
 
 sisterhood (-hood), n. sisters collec- 
 tively ; number of females belonging 
 to the same religious society, &c. 
 
 sister-in-law (-in-law), n. [pi. sis- 
 ters-in-law], the sister of one's hus- 
 band or wife ; wife of one's brother, 
 
 Sisyphean (-i-fe'an), adj. pertaining 
 to Sisyphus, condemned by Pluto to 
 
 siz 
 
 roll to the top of a hill a stone 
 which incessantly fell back when it 
 had reached the summit : hence in- 
 cessantly recurring ; vainly toilsome. 
 
 sit, v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sat, p.pr. sitting], 
 to rest on the lower part of the 
 trunk of the body ; perch ; rest or 
 lie ; repose on a seat ; press or 
 weigh ; occupy a seat officially ; be 
 officially engaged ; incubate ; hold a 
 session : v.t. to sit upon. 
 
 site (sit), n. local position or situa- 
 tion ; ground-plot. 
 
 sitting (sit'ing), adj. resting on the 
 haunches ; perching ; incubating : n. 
 the state, posture, or act of one who 
 sits ; a seat in a church, &c. ; a ses- 
 sion ; time during which one sits ; 
 set of eggs for incubation. 
 
 situate ('u-at), adj. placed. 
 
 situated ('u-a-ted), adj. having a 
 position ; placed with respect to any 
 other object. 
 
 situation (-a/shun), n. position; lo- 
 cality ; circumstances ; office ; em- 
 ployment. 
 
 sitz-hath (sits'bath), n. a bath for 
 bathing in a sitting posture. 
 
 six (siks), adj. one more than 5: n. 
 the number greater by one than 5 ; 
 the symbol representing 6 units. 
 
 sixfold, ('fold), adj. 6 times as many 
 or as much. 
 
 sixpence ('pens), n. a small British 
 silver coin, value 6 pennies, or 12 
 cents. 
 
 sixpenny ('pen-i), adj. worth six- 
 pence. 
 
 sixscore ('skor), n. & adj. 6 times 20. 
 
 sixteen ('ten), adj. 15 and one more. 
 
 sixteenmo (-mo), n. sextodecimo. 
 
 sixteenth ('tenth), adj. next in order 
 after the fifteenth. 
 
 sixth (siksth), adj. first after the 
 fifth. 
 
 sixtieth (siks'ti-eth), adj. next in 
 order after the fifty-ninth. 
 
 sixty ('ti), n. [pi. sixties ('tiz)], the 
 product of 6 and 10 : adj. 10 times 6. 
 
 sizable ( siz'a-bl ) , adj. of considerable 
 or suitable size. 
 
 size (siz), n. a kind of thin, weak 
 glue ; magnitude or bulk : v.t. to pre- 
 pare or cover with size ; adjust or 
 arrange according to size or bulk ; 
 separate by means of a sieve. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
■iz 
 
 ski 
 
 sizzle (siz'l), v.i. to make a hissing 
 sound ; fry : n. a hissing sound. 
 
 skald, same as scald. 
 
 skate (skat), n. a kind of flat fish of 
 the ray family ; a metallic runner 
 fitted in a frame for fastening to the 
 boot to slide over ice : v.i. to slide on 
 skates. 
 
 skedaddle (ske-dad'l) v.i. to run 
 away, especially in terror. 
 
 skein (skan), n. a quantity of thread, 
 silk, &c, coiled together. 
 
 skeleton (skel'e-tun), n. the bones 
 of an animal separated from the 
 flesh ; framework of anything ; out- 
 line ; a secret annoyance ; very thin 
 person. 
 
 skeletonize (-iz), v.t. to make a 
 skeleton of. 
 
 skeleton-key (-ke), n. a thin light 
 key, the center parts of which have 
 been almost wholly filed away. 
 
 skeptic (skep'tik), n. one who doubts 
 the truth of any doctrine or system ; 
 one who doubts the existence of God 
 or revelation ; an adherent of philo- 
 sophical skepticism. 
 
 skeptical (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or characteristic of, a skeptic ; char- 
 acterized by skepticism ; doubting 
 the existence of God or Divine reve- 
 lation. 
 
 skeptically (-li), adv. in a skeptical 
 maner ; with doubt. 
 
 skepticism ('ti-sizm), n. incredul- 
 ity ; doubt ; the doctrine that no 
 facts can be known with certainty 
 beyond the range of experience ; un- 
 belief in any particular doctrine or 
 system. 
 
 sketch (skech), n. an outline; first 
 rough draft ; preliminary study : v.t. 
 to draw the outline or give principal 
 features of ; make a sketch of : v.i. 
 to make sketches. 
 
 sketchily ('i-li), adv. in a sketchy 
 manner. 
 
 sketchiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being sketchy ; incom- 
 pleteness. 
 
 sketchy ('i), adj. outlined; unfin- 
 ished. 
 
 skew (sku), adj. oblique: adv. ob- 
 liquely. 
 
 skewer ('er), n. a pin of wood or 
 metal for securing meat, &c, in 
 
 form when roasting : v.t. to fasten 
 with, or as with, a skewer. 
 
 ski (ske), n.pl. long narrow pieces of 
 wood with one end curved in front, 
 used as snow-shoes. 
 
 skiagraph (skl-a-graf), same as ra- 
 diograph. 
 
 skiagraphy, same as radiography. 
 
 skid (skid), n. a sliding wedge or 
 drag to retard the motion of a ve- 
 hicle by pressure against the wheel ; 
 a fender to protect the side of a 
 ship : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. skidded, p.pr 
 skidding], to cause to move on, or 
 protect with, a skid; retard by av 
 skid : v.i. to slip along obliquely. 
 
 skiddaw ('aw), n. the black guille- 
 mot.- 
 
 skied, p.t. & p.p. of sky. 
 
 skiff (skif), n. a small light boat. 
 
 skilful (skil'fool), adj. having, or 
 displaying, skill ; expert in any art 
 or science ; discriminating ; clever : 
 dexterous. 
 
 skill (skil), n. expertness in any art 
 or science ; aptitude ; power to dis- 
 cern and execute. 
 
 skilled (skil'd), adj. having the 
 knowledge and ability which come 
 from experience ; possessing skill. 
 
 skillet ('et), n. a small culinary ves- 
 sel. 
 
 shilling ('ing), n. the bay of a barn 
 or slight addition to a cottage. 
 
 skilly ('i), n. a kind of thin oatmeal 
 broth in which meat has been boiled. 
 
 skim (skim), v.t. [p. t. & p.p. skimmed, 
 p.pr. skimming], to remove the scum 
 from ; brush the surface of lightly : 
 v.i. to pass lightly over ; read super- 
 ficially. 
 
 skimmer ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, skims ; a perforated ladle ; a 
 marine bird. 
 
 skimp (skimp), v.t. to do carelessly 
 or superficially : v.i. to be parsimo- 
 nious : adj. scanty. 
 
 skin (skin), n. the external covering 
 of an animal body; hide; bark or 
 rind ; anything resembling a skin : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. skinned, p.pr. skin- 
 ning], to remove or strip the skin 
 from; flay; fleece; cover with, or' as 
 with, skin ; reduce to extremities by 
 cheating, &c. : v.i. to become covered 
 over with skin. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ski 
 
 sla 
 
 skinflint ('flint), n. a niggard. 
 
 skinful ('fool), n. a stomachful. 
 
 skink (skingk), n. a kind of lizard. 
 
 skinniness (skin'i-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being skinny. 
 
 skinny ('i), adj. consisting only of 
 skin ; very lean. 
 
 skip (skip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. skipped, 
 p.pr. skipping], to leap lightly over; 
 omit : v.i. to leap or bound lightly : 
 pass over unnoticed : n. a light leap 
 or bound ; omission ; a wicker basket. 
 Also skep. 
 
 skipper ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, skips ; the cheese maggot ; 
 the master of a merchant vessel ; 
 sea-captain. 
 
 skirmish (sker-mish), n. a slight 
 combat or irregular fight between 
 two small parties ; contest : v.i. to 
 fight slightly or in small parties ; 
 fight irregularly. 
 
 skirr (sker), v.t. to pass over rap- 
 idly. 
 
 skirt (skert), n. the lower and loose 
 part of a coat, dress, or other gar- 
 ment ; part below the waist ; upper 
 petticoat ; midriff of animals ; mar- 
 gin or border : v.t. to cover with a 
 skirt ; border ; run or pass along the 
 edge of : v.i. to be on the border. 
 
 skirting ('ing), n. skirts collective- 
 ly ; material for skirts ; a narrow 
 vertical board placed roui^l the mar- 
 gin of a floor. 
 
 skit (skit), n. brief satire; burlesque. 
 
 skittish ('ish), adj. shy; easily 
 frightened ; volatile ; vivacious ; wan- 
 ton. 
 
 skittles ('lz), n.pl. ninepins. 
 
 skiver (sklv'er), n. a paring tool for 
 leather ; sheepskin split for book- 
 binding, &c. 
 
 skulk (skulk), v.i. to withdraw into 
 a corner for concealment ; lurk ; 
 avoid work in a cowardly manner : 
 n. a skulker ; a number of foxes to- 
 gether. 
 
 skull (skul), n. the bony case inclos- 
 ing the brain of a vertebrate animal. 
 
 skunk ( skungk ) , n. an American car- 
 nivorous animal allied to the weasel, 
 which emits a foetid secretion when 
 pursued ; a vile, contemptible fel- 
 low : v.t. to defeat (an opponent) 
 as at cards. 
 
 sky (ski), n. [pi. skies (skiz)], the 
 apparent vault of the heavens; re- 
 gion of clouds surrounding the 
 earth; climate or weather: v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. skied, p.pr. skying], to raise 
 in the air ; hang very high. 
 
 sky-born ('born), adj. heaven-born 
 [Poet.]. 
 
 skylark ('lark), n. a species of lark 
 that mounts high in the air and 
 sings as it soars. 
 
 skylarking (-ing), n. running about 
 the rigging of a ship in sport ; frol- 
 icking. 
 
 skyscraper ('skra-per), n. a lofty 
 building ; a triangular sail next 
 above the royal. 
 
 slab (slab), n. a flat piece of any- 
 thing, especially marble or stone ; a 
 puddle ; mire : adj. thick ; glutinous. 
 
 slab-sided ('si-ded), adj. flat-sided; 
 tall and lanky. 
 
 slabber ('er), n. saliva: v.i. to let 
 saliva or liquid fall from the mouth. 
 
 slack (slak), adj. relaxed or loose; 
 inattentive ; easy or moderate ; not 
 busy ; backward : n. that part of 
 anything, as a rope, &c, that hangs 
 loose. 
 
 slacken ('n), v.i. to become slack or 
 less firm, tense, or rigid ; be remiss 
 or less diligent ; languish ; become 
 slower. 
 
 slag (slag), n. the dross of a metal; 
 vitrified cinders. 
 
 slaggy ('i), adj. pertaining to, or 
 like, slag. 
 
 slake (slak), v.t. to quench; extin- 
 guish ; mix with water : v.i. to be 
 mixed with water. 
 
 slain (slam), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. slammed, 
 p.pr. slamming], to shut violently 
 and with a loud noise ; put down 
 with force and loud noise : v.i. to 
 strike violently or noisily : n. a vio- 
 lent and noisy banging. 
 
 slander (slan'der), n. a false or ma- 
 licious report ; verbal defamation ; 
 v.t. to defame or calumniate. 
 
 slanderous (-us), adj. uttering slan- 
 ders. 
 
 slang (slang), n. a colloquial lan- 
 guage or expression current at any 
 particular period ; jargon of some 
 particular calling or class in so- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sle 
 
 ciety: v.t. to address with slang; 
 abuse with vulgar language. 
 
 slant (slant), n. an inclined plane; a 
 sarcastic remark ; a passing breeze : 
 v.t. to give a sloping direction to : 
 adj. inclined from a straight line. 
 
 slanting ('ing), adj. oblique. 
 
 slap (slap), n. a blow given with the 
 open hand : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. slapped, 
 p.pr. slapping], to strike with the 
 open hand or with anything broad: 
 adv. with a sudden, violent blow; 
 direct; quick. 
 
 slapdash ('dash), adv. in a bold, 
 careless, or random manner. 
 
 slapjack ('jak), n. a kind of flat bat- 
 ter cake. 
 
 slash (slash), n. a long cut; random 
 cut ; slit in old costumes : pi. swampy 
 or wet lands : v.t. to cut by striking 
 violently and at random; cut into 
 long slits; cut with a whip: v.i. to 
 strike violently and at random. 
 
 slashing ('ing), adj. sarcastic; se- 
 vere. 
 
 slat (slat), n. a thin, narrow strip of 
 wood or metal used for fastening 
 together larger pieces. 
 
 slatch (slach), n. the slack of a rope; 
 passing breeze. 
 
 slate (slat), n. any rock that splits 
 into thin plates ; thin stone for roof- 
 ing; tablet of stone for writing 
 upon; list of candidates, prepared 
 for nomination or election : v.t. to 
 cover with slate; register for a po- 
 litical appointment ; criticise fiercely. 
 
 slatt (slat), n. a slab of stone used as 
 a veneer. 
 
 slattern ('era), n. a careless, sloven- 
 ly woman. 
 
 slatternly (-li), adj. slovenly; un- 
 tidy: adv. awkwardly; untidily. 
 
 slatting ('ing), n. the violent flap- 
 ping of anything hanging loose in 
 the wind ; slats collectively. 
 
 slaty (slat'i), adj. like slate. 
 
 slaughter (slaw'ter), n. great de- 
 struction of life by violence; car- 
 nage; killing of oxen, &c, for hu- 
 man food: v.t. to slay or kill with 
 violence; kill (beasts) for the mar- 
 ket. 
 
 Slav (slav), n. one of the great divi- 
 sions of the Aryan family or lan- 
 guage: adj. Slavonic. 
 
 slave (slav), n. a human being held 
 in bondage ; serf ; drudge ; one under 
 the power or influence of another : 
 v.i. to work like a slave; toil or 
 drudge. 
 
 slaver ('er), n. a vessel or trader en- 
 gaged in the slave trade. 
 
 slavery ('er-i), n. [pi. slaveries 
 (-iz)], the state of entire subjuga- 
 tion to the will of another; condi- 
 tion of a slave. 
 
 slavey ('i), n. a maidservant. 
 
 Slavic, same as Slavonic. 
 
 slavish ('ish), adj. pertaining to, be- 
 fitting, or characteristic of, a slave. 
 
 Slavonic (sla-von'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the Slavs, their literature, or 
 language. Also Slavonian, Slavic. 
 
 slaw (slaw), n. sliced cabbage served 
 as a salad. 
 
 slay (sla), v.t. [p.t. slew, p.p. slain, 
 p.pr. slaying], to kill or put to death 
 with a weapon ; destroy suddenly or 
 with violence. 
 
 sleave (slev), n. the knotted or en- 
 tangled part of silk or thread ; floss. 
 
 sled (sled), n. a carriage or vehicle 
 mounted on runners for traveling 
 over snow or ice. Also sledge : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. sledded, p.pr. sledding], 
 to convey or transport on a sled or 
 sledge. 
 
 sledding ('ing), n. the act of tran- 
 sporting on, or conveying by, a sled ; 
 snow sufficient for the running of 
 sleds. 
 
 sledge (slej), n. a large, heavy ham- 
 mer; another form of sled. 
 
 sleek (slek), adj. smooth; glossy. 
 
 sleeky ('i), adj. of a sleek appear- 
 ance; fawning. 
 
 sleep (slep), n. slumber ; rest ; death : 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. slept, p.pr. sleeping], 
 to take rest in sleep ; be motionless 
 or inactive; be dead; spin rapidly 
 and smoothly. 
 
 sleeper ('er), n. one who sleeps; a 
 piece of timber supporting a railway 
 track ; a sleeping car. 
 
 sleepful ('fool), adj. drowsy. Also 
 sleepish. 
 
 sleepily ('i-li), adv. in a sleepy man- 
 ner. 
 
 sleepiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being sleepy. 
 
 sleepy ('i), adj. [comp. sleepier, su- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sle 
 
 perl, sleepiest], inclined to, or over- 
 come by, sleep; drowsy; sluggish; 
 lethargic. 
 
 sleet (slet), n. rain mingled with 
 snow or hail : v.i. to hail or snow 
 with rain mingled. 
 
 sleetiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being sleety. 
 
 sleety ('i), adj. consisting of, or like, 
 sleet. 
 
 sleeve (slev), n. the part of a gar- 
 ment that covers the arm : v.t. to 
 furnish with sleeves. 
 
 sleigh, another form of sled. 
 
 sleight (slit), n. dexterity; cunning; 
 artful trick. 
 
 slender (slen'der), adj. small or nar- 
 row in proportion to the length or 
 height ; feeble ; slim ; moderate. 
 
 slept, p.t. & p.p. of sleep. 
 
 sleuth (slooth), n. the track of a man 
 or beast as known by the scent. 
 
 sleuthhound ('hound), n. a blood- 
 hound. 
 
 slew, p.t. of slay. 
 
 sley (sla), n. a weaver's reed. 
 
 slice (slis), n. a thin broad piece of 
 anything; a thin broad knife for 
 taking up or serving fish ; a spatula : 
 v.t. to cut into thin broad pieces ; 
 cut into parts ; divide. 
 
 slick (slik), adv. immediately; com- 
 pletely : n. metal ore, especially gold, 
 crushed and prepared for working. 
 
 slid, p.t. of slide. 
 
 slide (slid) , v.i. to pass smoothly over 
 a surface without leaving it ; glide ; 
 pass inadvertently or unobserved ; 
 slip : v.t. to thrust along ; cause to 
 slip : 11. a smooth surface of ice for 
 sliding upon ; smooth declivity ; pic- 
 ture on glass for exhibition on a 
 screen ; fall of a mass of rock or 
 snow down a mountain; a grace of 
 two small notes moving by degrees 
 (Music]. 
 
 sliding-scale ('ing-skal), n. a varia- 
 ble scale of wages or prices accord- 
 ing to the state of trade. 
 
 slight (slit), adj. feeble; inconsider- 
 able ; unimportant ; not severe ; tri- 
 fling ; slender : n. neglect ; oversight ; 
 v.t. to disregard as of little value ; 
 neglect. 
 
 slily, same as slyly. 
 
 slim (slim), adj. [comp. slimmer, su- 
 
 sli 
 
 perl, slimmest] , of small diameter ; 
 weak ; unsubstantial ; slender. 
 
 slime (slim), n. glutinous mud; any 
 viscous substance. 
 
 sliminess ('i-nes), w. the state or 
 quality of being slimy. 
 
 slimsy (slim'zi), adj. frail. 
 
 slimy ( slim'i ) , adj. consisting of, cov- 
 ered over with, ot like, slime. 
 
 sling (sling), n. an instrument for 
 throwing stones ; a throw ; hanging 
 bandage for an injured arm : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. slung, p.pr. slinging], to 
 hurl with, or as with, a sling ; hang 
 so as to swing ; hang by a rope so as 
 to be moved. 
 
 slink (slingk), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. slunk, 
 p.pr. slinking], to creep away as if 
 ashamed ; sneak off ; miscarry : said 
 of beasts : v.t. to cast prematurely : 
 said of beasts : adj. produced prema- 
 turely ; lean [Scotch] : n. the young 
 of a beast prematurely born, espe- 
 cially a calf; a sneak. 
 
 slinky ('i), adj. thin. 
 
 slip (slip), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. slipped, 
 p.pr. slipping], to glide or slide; 
 miss one's foothold ; fall down ; es- 
 cape observation ; enter by over- 
 sight ; move out of place ; depart or 
 escape : v.t. to convey secretly ; cause 
 to move quickly and smoothly ; omit ; 
 part from a branch or stem : n. the 
 act of slipping; an oversight or 
 omission ; indiscretion ; strip ; twig 
 from a stock ; scion ; a kind of pet- 
 ticoat ; outer covering or case ; liquid 
 potter's clay ; an incline for launch- 
 ing ships ; a young sole ; a fielder in 
 cricket ; a narrow pew or bench : pi. 
 part of a theater at the sides of the 
 stage. 
 
 slipper ( f er), n. one who, or that 
 which, slips ; a kind of loose shoe. 
 
 slipperiness (-i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being slippery. 
 
 slippery ('er-i), adj. non-adhesive; 
 without firm hold or footing; unsta- 
 ble ; smooth ; cunning. 
 
 slipshod ('shod), adj. wearing shoes 
 or slippers down at the heel ; slov- 
 enly. 
 
 slit (slit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. slit or 
 slitted, p.pr. slitting], to cut length- 
 wise or into long strips ; split : n. a 
 long cut ; narrow opening. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
sli 
 
 sin 
 
 slither (slith'er) , v.i. to slide. 
 
 sliver (sliv'er or sliv'er), v.t. to cut 
 into long thin, or very small pieces : 
 n. a splinter. 
 
 si o a in (slom), n. a layer of earth be- 
 tween seams of coal. 
 
 slobber, same as slabber. 
 
 sloe (slo), n. a small bitter plum. 
 
 slogan ('gan), n. the war-cry or 
 gathering-cry of a Highland clan. 
 
 sloop (sloop), n. a one-masted vessel 
 with a fore-and-aft rig. 
 
 slop (slop), n. water carelessly 
 spilled : puddle ; poor liquor or liquid 
 food : pi. dirty water ; ready-made 
 clothing; seaman's outfit: v.t. [p.t 
 & p.p. slopped, p.pr. slopping], to 
 soil by letting liquid fall upon. 
 
 slope (slop), n. an oblique direction; 
 surface inclining gradually down- 
 wards : v.t. to form with a slope ; 
 incline or slant ; direct obliquely : 
 v.i. to take an oblique direction ; 
 run off. 
 
 sloppy (slop'i), adj. wet; muddy; 
 splashed. 
 
 slot (slot), n. a broad, flat wooden 
 bar ; bolt ; narrow aperture ; mor- 
 tise ; deer's track ; trap-door of a 
 stage ; valley : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. slot- 
 ted, p.pr. slotting], to groove; trace 
 by a slot. 
 
 sloth (sloth), n. idleness; habitual 
 indolence ; a South American ar- 
 boreal quadruped which walks slow- 
 ly on the ground. 
 
 slothful ( 'fool ) , adj. lazy ; inactive. 
 
 slothfully (-li), adv. lazily; indo- 
 lently. 
 
 slouch (slouch), n. a hanging down, 
 as of the head or other parts of the 
 body ; ungainly, clownish gait ; awk- 
 ward, dull fellow : v.t. to cause to 
 hang down ; depress at the side : v.i. 
 to walk in a clumsy, heavy, awkward 
 manner. 
 
 slough (slou), n. a deep muddy 
 place; bog. 
 
 slough (sluf), n. the cast-off skin of 
 a serpent ; the part that separates 
 from a foul sore : v.i. to separate in 
 dead matter from the sound flesh ; 
 come off, as the matter formed over 
 a sore. 
 
 slough (sloo), n. drainage-stream and 
 marsh in a prairie. 
 
 sloven (sluv'en), n. one who is ha- 
 bitually untidy in his dress and neg- 
 ligent of cleanliness ; one who is 
 negligent of order and neatness. 
 
 slovenliness (-li-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being slovenly. 
 
 slow (slo), adj. not quick or rapid in 
 motion ; dilatory ; not prompt or 
 quick ; behind in time ; not progres- 
 sive ; dull. 
 
 slowworm ('werm), n. a small snake- 
 like reptile ; the blind-worm. 
 
 sludge (sluj), n. slush; mire. 
 
 sludgy ( 'i ) , adj. slushy ; miry. 
 
 slue (sloo), v.t. to turn about a fixed 
 point, as a spar, &c. ; twist round : 
 v.i. to turn about (with round). 
 
 slug (slug), n. a shelless mollusk, al- 
 lied to the land-snail ; a sluggard ; a 
 kind of oval bullet : pi. half-roasted 
 ore. 
 
 sluggard ('erd), n. one who is habit- 
 ually lazy and idle. 
 
 sluggish ('ish), adj. habitually lazy 
 and idle; dull; slothful; inactive; 
 slow. 
 
 sluice (sloos), n. a gate for excluding 
 or regulating the flow of water in a 
 canal, &c. ; stream of water issuing 
 through a flood-gate : v.t. to wash 
 with water from, or as from, a 
 sluice ; wet copiously. 
 
 slum (slum), n. a low, dirty street or 
 district of a city or town, inhabited 
 by the very poor or criminal classes : 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. slum, p.pr. slum- 
 ming], to visit slums as a fashion- 
 able amusement. 
 
 slumber ('ber), v.i. to sleep lightly; 
 doze ; be in a state of inactivity or 
 negligence. 
 
 slump (slump), n. gross amount or 
 mass ; a bog ; a sudden fall, as of 
 shares, &c. : v.t. to lump or throw 
 into a single lot : v.i. fall or sink 
 suddenly. 
 
 slung, p.t. of sling. 
 
 slunk, p.t. of slink. 
 
 slur (sler), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. slurred, 
 p.pr. slurring], to sully; soil; con- 
 taminate ; pass over superficially ; 
 disparage ; pronounce indistinctly ; 
 sing or perform in a light, gliding 
 manner [Music] : n. a stain ; slight 
 reproach or disgrace ; stigma ; a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sin 
 
 smi 
 
 mark ( " — s ) connecting notes that 
 are to be sung or played legato. 
 
 slush, (slush), n. half-melted snow; a 
 greasy lubricating mixture. 
 
 slut (slut), n. a dirty, untidy woman. 
 
 sluttish ('ish), adj. untidy and dirty. 
 
 sly (sli), adj. [comp. slyer, superl. 
 slyest], artfully cunning; under- 
 hand and crafty ; meanly insidious. 
 
 slyly ('li), adv. in a sly manner. 
 
 slyness ('nes), n. the state of being 
 sly. 
 
 smack (smak), n. a quick, smart 
 blow ; loud kiss ; quick, sharp noise 
 with the lips ; flavor ; taste ; a one- 
 masted coasting or fishing vessel : 
 v.t. to kiss with a quick sharp noise ; 
 strike with a quick, smart blow : 
 v.i. make a noise with the lips after 
 tasting something. 
 
 small (smawl), adj. [comp. smaller, 
 superl. smallest], little in quantity 
 or degree ; inconsiderable ; of little 
 worth or ability ; not large or ex- 
 tended in dimensions ; narrow-mind- 
 ed ; mean : n. the slender part of 
 anything. 
 
 small pica (pi'ka), n. a size of print- 
 ing-type (see type). 
 
 smallpox ('poks), n. a contagious, 
 feverish disease, characterized by 
 eruptions upon the skin. 
 
 smalt (smawlt), n. a deep blue pig- 
 ment. 
 
 smart (smart), adj. causing a quick, 
 sharp pain ; poignant ; sharp ; clev- 
 er ; accomplished ; brilliant ; wit- 
 ty ; vivacious ; pretentious ; showy ; 
 brisk ; obtained by sharp practices : 
 n. a quick, pungent, lively pain ; 
 poignant grief : v.i. to feel a lively, 
 pungent pain ; endure punishment. 
 
 smarten ('n), v.t. to make smart or 
 spruce. 
 
 smart-money (-mun'i), n. money 
 paid by a person to free him from 
 some unpleasant difficulty, especially 
 a recruit from his enlistment ; money 
 allowed to wounded soldiers and 
 sailors. 
 
 smash (smash) , v.t. to break in pieces 
 by violence ; crush : v.i. to become 
 bankrupt : n. a breaking to pieces ; 
 bankruptcy. 
 
 smasher ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, smashes. 
 
 smatter (smat'er), v.i. to talk super- 
 ficially or ignorantly ; have a super- 
 ficial knowledge of anything. 
 
 smattering (-ing), n. superficial 
 knowledge. 
 
 smear (smer), v.t. to overspread with 
 anything unctuous, viscous, or adhe- 
 sive ; daub ; pollute : n. a blot or 
 stain. 
 
 smectite (smek'tit), n. fuller's earth. 
 
 smell (smel), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. smelled 
 or smelt, p.pr. smelling], to perceive 
 by the nose ; obtain the scent of : v.i. 
 to affect the nose or olfactory nerves ; 
 exercise the sense of smell : n. that 
 quality of bodies which affects the 
 sense of smell ; odor. 
 
 smelling ('ing), n. the sense of smell. 
 
 smelt (smelt), n. a small salmonoid 
 fish : v.t. to fuse, as an ore, to sepa- 
 rate the metal. 
 
 smerky (smerk'i) ,adj. jaunty ; spruce. 
 
 smerlin (smer'lin), n. a kind of 
 loach. 
 
 smew (smu), n. a migratory diving 
 bird of the duck family ; the white 
 nun. 
 
 smilax (smi'laks), n. a climbing plant 
 of the lily family. 
 
 smile (smll), v.i. to express pleasure, 
 moderate joy, love, or kindness by 
 the countenance ; look gay, cheerful, 
 or happy ; express slight contempt 
 by a smile ; favor : v.t. to express by 
 a smile : n. the act of smiling ; a 
 look of pleasure, kindness, happi- 
 ness, or slight contempt : a drink of 
 liquor. 
 
 smirch (smerch), v.t. to smear ; dirty. 
 
 smirk (smerk), v.i. to smile affected- 
 ly or conceitedly : n. an affected 
 smile : adj. spruce. 
 
 smite (smit), v.t. [p.t. smote, p.p. 
 smitten, p.pr. smiting], to strike, as 
 with the hand or a weapon ; kill ; 
 overthrow in battle ; blast ; chasten ; 
 affect with any passion : v.i. to 
 strike. 
 
 smith (smith), n. one who forges 
 metal with a hammer : worker in 
 metals. 
 
 smithing ('ing), n. the art or process 
 of working or forging metals into 
 shape. 
 
 smithy ('i), n. a smith's workshop. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; n5te, ndrth, not ; b5on, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think* then. 
 
smock (smok), n, a chemise; smock- 
 frock. 
 
 smock-frock ('frok), n. an agricul- 
 tural laborer's_ loose outer shirt. 
 
 smokable (smok'a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being smoked. 
 
 smoke (smok), n. the vapor or sub- 
 stance that escapes when a sub- 
 stance is burned ; vapor ; exhala- 
 tion ; act of smoking ; pipe or cigar ; 
 foolish talk : v.t. to apply smoke to ; 
 hang up in smoke ; dry, scent, or 
 medicate by smoke ; inhale and puff 
 out the smoke of ; expel by smoke ; 
 detect or ferret out : v.i. to emit 
 smoke ; burn tobacco in a pipe, &c. ; 
 inhale and puff out smoke. 
 
 smokily ('i-li), adj. in a smoky man- 
 ner. 
 
 smokiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being smoky. 
 
 smoking ('ing), p.adj. emitting 
 smoke ; used for smoking in. 
 
 smoky ('i), adj. giving out, or filled 
 with, smoke ; tarnished or noisome 
 with smoke. 
 
 smolder (smoTder), v.i. to burn 
 slowly or smoke without vent ; exist 
 in a stifled condition. 
 
 smolt (smolt), n. a young salmon 
 that has acquired its silver scales. 
 
 smooth. (smoo//i), adj not rough; 
 even surfaced ; frictionless ; gently 
 flowing ; glossy ; bland ; soothing ; 
 flattering • v.t. to make smooth ; ren- 
 der easy ; calm ; regulate : v.i. to be- 
 come smooth : n. the act of making 
 smooth ; smooth part of anything ; a 
 meadow. 
 
 smote, p.t. of smite. 
 
 smother (smuth'er), v.t. to destroy 
 the life of by suffocation ; stifle ; 
 suppress or conceal : v.i. to be suffo- 
 cated • n. stifling smoke or thick 
 dust. 
 
 smoulder, same as smolder. 
 
 smudge ( smu j ) , n. a smear or stain ; 
 suffocating smoke ; a smoldering fire 
 of damp combustibles emitting dense 
 smoke for the purpose of keeping off 
 mosquitoes : v.t. to smear or stain ; 
 blacken or stifle with smoke. 
 
 smudginess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being smudged. 
 
 smug (smug), adj. affectedly precise 
 or prim ; spruce ; neat. 
 
 smuggle ('1), v.t. to import or ex- 
 port secretly without paying custom- 
 house duties ; convey or introduce 
 clandestinely : v.i. to practice smug- 
 gling. 
 
 smut (smut), n. a spot or stain made 
 by soot or similar dirty matter ; bad, 
 soft coal ; a fungoid disease affect- 
 ing cereal grain ; obscenity : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. smutted, p.pr. smutting!, 
 to soil or blacken with, or as with, 
 smut : v.i. to become converted into 
 smut ; give off smut. 
 
 smuttily ('i-li), adj. in a smutty 
 manner. 
 
 smuttiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being smutty. 
 
 smutty ('i), adj. soiled or stained 
 with smut ; affected with smut ; ob- 
 scene. 
 
 snack (snak), n. a. slight, hasty re- 
 past. 
 
 snacot Cot), n. a kind of pipe-fish. 
 
 snaffle (snaf'l), n. a bridle consisting 
 of a joint in the middle and rings at 
 the ends : v.t. to put a snaffle in the 
 mouth of. 
 
 snag (snag) , n. a short rough branch ; 
 knot ; trunk of a tree fixed in the 
 bed of a river : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 snagged, p.pr. snagging], to injure 
 or destroy by contact with a snag. 
 
 snagged ('d), adj. full of, or covered 
 with, snags. Also snaggy. 
 
 snail (snal),w. a slimy, slow-creeping 
 gasteropod of the genus Helix : 
 hence any slow-moving person ; 
 drone. 
 
 snake (snake), n. a serpent: v.t. to 
 wind round spirally ; to draw out. 
 
 snakisk ('ish), adj. snake-like. 
 
 snaky ('i), adj. pertaining to, or hav- 
 ing the characteristics of, a snake; 
 deceitful ; sly ; cunning ; insinuat- 
 ing. 
 
 snap (snap), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. snapped, 
 p.pr. snapping], to break short or 
 instantaneously ; produce a sharp, 
 sudden sound ; utter sharp, angry 
 words ; miss fire : v.t. to break at 
 once ; crack ; bite suddenly and un- 
 expectedly : n. the act of snapping : 
 noise made by snapping ; spring 
 catch ; sudden and sharp spell, as of 
 weather : pi. a kind of crisp cake : 
 
 §te, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
adj. brisk*; offhand ; made or done 
 without due notice ; unfair. 
 
 snapdragon ('drag-un), n. a plant 
 with a corolla that shuts with a 
 snap when opened ; a social game in 
 which raisins are snatched from a 
 bowl of burning brandy. 
 
 snappish ('ish), adj. apt to snap or 
 eager to bite ; sharp in retorting ; 
 peevish ; caustic ; easily irritated. 
 
 snapshot (snap'shot), n. a quick 
 shot with gun or rifle ; instantane- 
 ous photography. 
 
 snare (snar), n. a running noose to 
 catch an animal ; an entangling de- 
 vice ; the gut stretched across a 
 drum-head : v.t. to catch or entangle 
 with. 
 
 snarl (snarl), v.i. to growl like an 
 angry dog ; speak surlily : v.t. to 
 complicate or entangle, as thread or 
 hair : n. the act of snarling ; growl ; 
 angry contention or quarrel ; a com- 
 plicated entanglement of hair, &c. 
 
 snarling ('ing), n. the production of 
 raised hollow metal work by ham- 
 mering with a special tool on the 
 inner surface. 
 
 snatch (snach), v.t. to take or seize 
 abruptly and suddenly or without 
 permission ; seize and carry away : 
 v.i. to attempt to seize anything 
 suddenly (with at) : n. a hasty 
 catch or seizing. 
 
 sneak (snek), v.i. to creep or steal 
 away privately or meanly ; slink ; 
 act with servility and meanness ; 
 steal : n. a mean, servile fellow ; 
 petty thief. 
 
 sneer (sner), v.i. to show contempt 
 by some facial expression ; insinu- 
 ate contempt by a covert expres- 
 sion ; scoff : n. an indirect expres- 
 sion of contempt or scorn. 
 
 sneeze (snez), v.i. to emit a sudden 
 and violent rush of air through the 
 mouth and nostrils, audibly and con- 
 vulsively : n. the act of sneezing. 
 
 snicker (snik'er), n. a half-suppressed 
 laugh ; a giggle : v.i. to laugh slyly ; 
 giggle. 
 
 sniff (snif), v.i. to draw in the breath 
 through the nose, often as an ex- 
 pression of contempt : v.t. to smell 
 or scent : n. the act of sniffing. 
 
 snigger, same as snicker. 
 
 sniggle (snig'l), v.i. to fish for eels 
 by thrusting the baited hook into 
 their holes. 
 
 snip (snip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. snipped, 
 p.pr. snipping], to cut or clip off at 
 once, as with scissors : n. a single 
 cut with scissors ; small piece. 
 
 snipe (snip), n. a long-billed fen 
 fowl ; curbstone broker. 
 
 snivel (sniv'el), v.i. to run at the 
 nose ; cry, as a child : n. mucus run- 
 ning from the nose ; cant. 
 
 sniveler (-er), n. one who snivels. 
 
 snob (snob), n. a vulgar person who 
 apes gentility ; vulgar upstart ; jour- 
 neyman shoemaker ; knobstick. 
 
 snobbish ('ish), adj. pertaining to, 
 characteristic of, or like, a snob. 
 
 snobbishness (-nes), n. vulgar or 
 ostentatious show. Also snobbery, 
 snobbism. 
 
 snood (snood), n. a ribbon for bind- 
 ing up the hair of a maiden 
 [Scotch] ; hair-line to connect a 
 fishing-line with the hook. 
 
 snooze (snooz), v.i. to nap : n. a nap. 
 
 snore (snor), v.i. to breathe through 
 the nostrils with roughness or 
 hoarseness in sleep : n. a noisy 
 breathing in sleep. 
 
 snout (snout), n. the projecting nose 
 of a beast; nose of a man (in con- 
 tempt ) . 
 
 snow (sno), n. frozen particles of 
 vapor in the atmosphere in the form 
 of white feathery flakes : v.i. to fall 
 in snow. 
 
 snowbird ('berd), n. an Arctic bird, 
 the snow-bunting. 
 
 snowdrop ('drop), n. a bulbous 
 plant with pretty white flowers. 
 
 snowfall ( 'fal ) , n. the quantity of 
 snow which falls during a given 
 time. 
 
 snow-line ('lin), n. the lowest limit 
 of perpetual snow. 
 
 snowy ('i), adj. white like snow; 
 covered with, or abounding in, snow ; 
 pure. 
 
 snub (snub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. snubbed, 
 p.pr. snubbing], to check or repri- 
 mand with sarcasm or asperity ; 
 treat with designed contempt : n. an 
 intended slight ; reprimand. 
 
 snub-nosed ('nozd), adj. having a 
 short, flat nose. 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awi ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
snuff (snuf), v.t. to draw in through 
 the nose ; smell or scent ; take the 
 snuff off, as a candle : v.i. to snort or 
 sniff ; take snuff into the nostrils : 
 n. powdered tobacco inhaled through 
 the nose ; charred part of the wick 
 of a candle. 
 
 snuffle ('1), v.i. to speak or breathe 
 hard through the nose when ob- 
 structed : n. a speaking through the 
 nose when obstructed ; affected nasal 
 twang ;. cant : pi. obstruction of the 
 nostrils by mucus. 
 
 snuffy ('i), adj. soiled with snuff. 
 
 snug (snug), adj. [comp. snugger, su- 
 perl. snuggest], concealed; lying 
 close and warm ; compact and con- 
 venient : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. snugged, 
 p.pr. snugging], to lie close and 
 warm (with up or together). 
 
 snuggery ('er-i), n. [pi. snuggeries 
 (-iz)], a warm, cosy place. 
 
 snuggle ('!), v.i. to lie close for 
 warmth and comfort. 
 
 so (so), adv. in a like manner or de- 
 gree ; in high degree ; as has been 
 stated ; for this reason ; therefore ; 
 more or less : conj. on condition 
 that ; if ; therefore : inter j. stop ! 
 
 soak (sok), v.t. to cause to suck in 
 moisture ; steep in a fluid ; wet thor- 
 oughly : v.i. to become saturated or 
 steeped in fluid ; drink excessively. 
 
 soap (sop), n. a compound of oils or 
 fats and an alkali used for washing 
 and cleansing : v.t. to rub over, or 
 wash, with soap ; wheedle. 
 
 soapiuess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being soapy. 
 
 soapstone ('ston), n. a variety of 
 steatite. 
 
 soapy ('i), adj. covered with, or like, 
 soap ; soft and smooth. 
 
 soar (sor), v.i. to fly aloft, as a bird ; 
 mount upwards with wings ; rise in 
 thought or imagination : n. a lofty 
 flight. 
 
 sob (sob), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sobbed, 
 p.pr. sobbing], to sigh in a convul- 
 sive manner with tears : v.t. to utter 
 with a sob : n. a convulsive sigh ; 
 lamentation. 
 
 sobbing ('ing), n. the act of sighing 
 with a short convulsive heaving of 
 the breast. 
 
 sober (so'ber), adj. habitually tem- 
 
 perate, especially in the use of in- 
 toxicating liquors ; self-possessed ; 
 ca'm ; steady ; sedate : v.t. to make 
 sober : v.i. to become sober. 
 
 sobriety (-bri'e-ti), n. habitual tern- 
 perance ; calmness ; seriousness. 
 
 sobriquet (so-bre-ka') n. a nickname 
 [French]. 
 
 soc (sok), n. certain privileges of ten- 
 ants under the feudal system ; the 
 feudal lord's power of holding a 
 court in a district. Also soke. 
 
 sociability (so-shia-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being sociable ; 
 disposition to associate and converse 
 with others. Also sociableness. 
 
 sociable ('shia-bl), adj. disposed to 
 associate and converse with others ; 
 social ; companionable ; affable : n. a 
 kind of vehicle ; tricycle or bicycle 
 for two riders ; a social gathering. 
 
 sociably (-bli), adv. in a sociable 
 manner. Socially. 
 
 social ('shal), adj. pertaining to men 
 as living in society ; inclined to 
 friendly intercourse and conversa- 
 tion ; convivial ; growing in groups 
 or masses ; living in communities. 
 
 socialism (-izm), n. an economic 
 theory or system of the reconstruc- 
 tion of society on the basis of co- 
 operation of labor and community 
 of property. 
 
 socialist (-ist), n. an advocate of so- 
 cialism. 
 
 socialistic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of, socialism. 
 Also socialist. 
 
 sociality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being social. Also social- 
 ness. 
 
 socialize ('shal-iz), v.t. to render so- 
 cial ; regulate according to socialis- 
 tic principles. 
 
 society (-sl'i-ti), n. [pi. societies 
 (-tiz)], a number of persons united 
 for a common interest ; people col- 
 lectively who live in any region at 
 any given period ; fraternity ; com- 
 pany ; the more cultivated portion of 
 any community in its social rela- 
 tions, &c. 
 
 sociological (-shi-o-loj'ik-al), adj. 
 pertaining to, or characteristic of, 
 sociology. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
sol 
 
 sociologist (-ol'o-jist), n. a student 
 of sociology. 
 
 sociology ('o-ji), n. the science of 
 the constitution, evolution, and phe- 
 nomena of human society ; social 
 science. 
 
 sock (sok), n. a light shoe worn by 
 the classic actors of comedy ; a short 
 stocking ; warm inner sole. 
 
 sockdolager (-dol'a-jer), n. a conclu- 
 sive argument ; whopper. 
 
 socket ('et), n. a hollow into which 
 something is fitted; hollow of a 
 candlestick. 
 
 socle (so'kl), n. a plain plinth form- 
 ing a low pedestal ; base of a statue, 
 &c. 
 
 sod (sod), n. turf; sward: v.t. to 
 cover with sod; turf. 
 
 soda (so'da), n. impure carbonate of 
 soda ; sodium oxide. 
 
 soda-water (waw-ter), n. aerated 
 water containing bicarbonate of 
 soda. 
 
 sodden (sod'n), adj. boiled; satu- 
 rated : v.i. to be soaked or seethed : 
 v.t. to saturate. 
 
 soddy ('i), adj. turfy. 
 
 sodic (so'dik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 containing, sodium. 
 
 sodium ('di-um), n. a metallic ele- 
 ment. 
 
 sofa (so'fa), n. a long seat with 
 stuffed bottom, back, and arms. 
 
 soffit (sof'it), n. a small paneled ceil- 
 ing; under part of a cornice pre- 
 senting a flat surface. 
 
 soft (soft), adj. easily yielding to 
 pressure ; malleable ; smooth to the 
 touch ; not glaring ; impressionable ; 
 effeminate ; quiet ; easy ; courteous ; 
 mild ; kind ; somewhat weak in in- 
 tellect : n. a foolish person : adv. 
 softly ; quietly : inter j. gently ! stop ! 
 
 soften (sof'n), v.t. to make soft or 
 softer ; tone down ; palliate ; as- 
 suage ; render less rude or offensive ; 
 make effeminate ; melt : v.i. to be- 
 come soft or softened. 
 
 soggy (sog'i), adj. soaked; wet. 
 
 soi-distant (swa-de-ziing'), adj. self- 
 styled; calling himself; would-be; 
 pretended [ French ] . 
 
 soil (soil), .11. the top stratum of the 
 earth's surface ; land ; dirt ; manure ; 
 
 stain : v.t. to make dirty ; stain or 
 mar : v.i. to_ become soiled. 
 
 soiree (swii-ra'), n. an evening party 
 for conversation and social inter- 
 course ; public evening entertain- 
 ment with refreshments. 
 
 sojourn (so'jern or so-jern'), v.i. to 
 dwell for a time: n. a temporary 
 residence. 
 
 soko (so'ko), n. a species of anthro- 
 poid ape. 
 
 Sol (sol), n. the sun. 
 
 sol (sol), n. the 5th note of the dia- 
 tonic scale. 
 
 solace (sol'as), n. comfort in sor- 
 row ; consolation : v.t. to comfort in 
 sorrow. 
 
 solano (so-la/no), n. a hot oppressive 
 wind in the Mediterranean. 
 
 solar ('lar), adj. pertaining to, meas- 
 ured by, or proceeding from, the sun. 
 
 solarize (-Iz), v.i. to expose too long 
 in the camera. 
 
 solar-year (-yer), n. the period dur- 
 ing which the earth makes one com- 
 plete revolution round the sun, 365 
 days 5 hours 48 minutes 52 seconds. 
 
 sold, p.t. & p.p. of sell. 
 
 solder (sod'er or sol'der), n. a me- 
 tallic alloy for uniting metals : v.t. 
 to unite by a fusible metallic ce- 
 ment ; join. 
 
 soldier (sol'jer), n. a person engaged 
 in military service ; a private as dis- 
 tinguished from an officer ; man of 
 military skill : v.i. to serve or act as 
 a soldier ; make a pretense of work. 
 
 sole (sol), n. the underside of the 
 foot ; bottom of a boot or shoe, &c. ; 
 bottom of anything; a flat fish of 
 the genus Solea : v.t. to furnish with, 
 or as with, a sole : adj. alone ; being 
 or acting by one's self ; unmarried. 
 
 solecism (sol'e-sizm), n. a breach of 
 the rules of syntax, or idiom of a 
 language ; impropriety ; absurdity. 
 
 solely (sol'li), adv. alone; singly. 
 
 solemn (sol'em), adj. characterized 
 by religious rites or ceremonies ; in- 
 spiring awe ; serious ; devout ; for- 
 mal ; attended with a serious appeal 
 to God. 
 
 solemnity ('ni-ti), n. [pi. solemni- 
 ties (-tiz)], a religious rite or cere- 
 mony ; ceremony adapted to inspire 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 D. 48. book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
sol 
 
 sol 
 
 awe ; gravity ; impressiveness ; af- 
 fected or mock seriousness. 
 
 solemnization (-ni-za'shun), n. the 
 act of solemnizing. 
 
 solemnize ('em-niz), v.t. to perform 
 with ceremonies ; celebrate. 
 
 solenoid (sd-len-oid), n. an electro- 
 magnetic helix. 
 
 sol-fa (sol-fa')- v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sol- 
 faed, p.pr. sol-faing], to sing or vo- 
 calize the diatonic scale to the sylla- 
 bles do, re, mi, fa, &c. 
 
 solfatara (sol-fa-ta'ra), n. a volcanic 
 vent, which emits sulphurous and 
 other vapors. 
 
 solfeggio (-fad'jo), n. the system of 
 arranging the musical scale with the 
 syllables do, re, &c, instead of the 
 letters, A, B, &c. Also solfeggiare. 
 
 solferino (-fa-re'no), n. a bright, 
 deep pink aniline color. 
 
 solicit (so-lis'it), v.t. to ask for with 
 earnestness ; entreat ; invite or sum- 
 mon ; endeavor to obtain : v.i. to can- 
 vass. 
 
 solicitation (-i-ta'shun), n. the act 
 of soliciting ; importunity ; the of- 
 fense of inciting to a felony ; offense 
 of accosting by a prostitute. 
 
 solicitor ('it-er), n. one who solicits ; 
 a person legally qualified to act for 
 another in a court of law ; an attor- 
 ney ; a canvasser. 
 
 solicitor ship (-ship), n. the office or 
 rank of a solicitor. 
 
 solicitous ('i-tus), adj. eager; anx- 
 ious ; apprehensive : concerned. 
 
 solicitude ('i-tud), n. the state of 
 being solicitous ; concern ; anxiety ; 
 carefulness. 
 
 solid (sol'id), adj. having the parti- 
 cles so close or firmly adhering as to 
 resist impression ; compact ; cubic ; 
 not hollow ; dense ; heavy ; weighty ; 
 just ; unanimous : n. a, body having 
 its constituent particles firmly ad- 
 hering together. 
 
 solidarity (-i-dar'i-ti), n. community 
 of interests and responsibilities. 
 
 solidification (-id-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the act of solidifying, the state of 
 being solidified. 
 
 solidify (-id'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 solidified, p.pr. solidifying], to make 
 solid : v.i. to harden. 
 
 solidity ('i-ti), n. density; compact- 
 ness; stability; truth; moral firm- 
 ness. 
 
 soliloquize (so-lil'o-kwiz), v.i. to ut- 
 ter a soliloquy. 
 
 soliloquy ('o-kwi), n. [pi. soliloquies 
 (-kwiz)], a talking or discourse to 
 one's self; a written composition of 
 the nature of a monologue. 
 
 solitaire (sol-i-tar'), n. a game 
 played by one person ; a stud ; pre- 
 cious stone in single setting ; hermit. 
 
 solitarily ('i-ta-ri-li), adv. in a soli- 
 tary manner. 
 
 solitariness (-nes), n. the state of 
 being solitary. 
 
 solitary ('i-ta-ri), adj. living by one's 
 self ; lonely ; single ; done, passed, 
 or suffered alone ; remote ; unoccu- 
 pied ; gloomy. 
 
 solitude ('i-tud), n. the state of be- 
 ing by one's self; loneliness; seclu- 
 sion ; desert. 
 
 solo (so'lo), n. [pi. solos ('loz)], an 
 air, or musical piece performed by a 
 single instrument or by one vocalist. 
 
 soloist (-ist), n. one who performs or 
 sings a solo. 
 
 solstice (sol'stis), n. that point in the 
 ecliptic at which the sun is farthest 
 from the equator, north in summer, 
 south in winter. 
 
 solstitial (-stish'al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or happening at a solstice. 
 
 solubility (-u-bil'i-ti), n. the state, 
 quality, or degree of being soluble 
 or dissolvable. 
 
 soluble ('u-bl), adj. capable of being 
 dissolved in a fluid ; capable of solu- 
 tion. 
 
 solus (so'lus), adj. alone [Latin]. 
 
 solution (-lq'shun), n. the act of dis- 
 solving by means of a fluid ; deliver- 
 ance ; explanation. 
 
 solvability (sol-va-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being solvable; 
 solvency. 
 
 solvable ('va-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing solved. 
 
 solve (solv), v.t. to explain; clear 
 up ; remove. 
 
 solvency ('en-si), n. the state or 
 quality of being solvent. 
 
 solvent (sol'vent), n. any liquid that 
 dissolves another substance : adj. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
som 
 
 BOO 
 
 able to discharge just claims or 
 debts; having the power of dis- 
 solving. 
 
 somatology (so-ma-tol'o-ji), n. the 
 science of the general principles of 
 matter, and its properties. 
 
 somber (som'ber), adj. dull; melan- 
 choly ; dark ; gloomy. 
 
 sombrero (-bra'ro), n. a kind of 
 broad-brimmed hat. 
 
 sombrons ('brus), adj. gloomy; dull. 
 
 some (sum), a suffix meaning like, 
 same, as winsome, gladsome, &c. : 
 adj. more or less ; expressing an in- 
 determinate number, person, or 
 quantity ; one or the other ; about. 
 
 somebody ('bod-i), n. some person; 
 a person of importance. 
 
 somehow ('how), adv. in one way 
 or another ; by some means. 
 
 somersault ('er-sawlt), n. a leap in 
 which a person turns with his heels 
 over his head. 
 
 something ('thing), n. a thing un- 
 known, or not specified ; part or por- 
 tion ; indefinite quantity or degree : 
 adv. in some degree. 
 
 sometime ('tim), adv. at a time in- 
 definitely ; formerly ; once. 
 
 somewhat ('hwot), n. more or less: 
 adv. in some degree or extent. 
 
 somewhere ('hwar), adv. in one 
 place or another. 
 
 some while ('hwil), adv. once; for a 
 while. 
 
 somewhither ('hwi£7ier), adv. to 
 some indeterminate place. 
 
 somnambulism ( som-nam'bu-lizm ) , 
 n. the act or practice of walking 
 in sleep. 
 
 somnambulist (-list), n. a sleep- 
 walker. 
 
 somniferous (-nif'er-us), adj. caus- 
 ing sleep. 
 
 somnipathy (-nip'a-thi), n. sleep 
 caused by some external influence, 
 as mesmerism. 
 
 somnolence ('no-lens), n. sleepi- 
 ness ; drowsiness. Also somnolency. 
 
 somnolent ('no-lent), adj. inclined 
 to sleep. 
 
 son (sun), n. a male child, or de- 
 scendant; male issue of a parent, 
 father or mother ; pupil ; native or 
 inhabitant of a particular country. 
 
 Son, n. the second person of the Holy 
 Trinity. 
 
 sonant (so'nant), adj. sounding; vo- 
 cal. 
 
 sonata (-na'ta), n. a musical com- 
 position for one instrument, espe- 
 cially the pianoforte. 
 
 sonatina (-na-te'na), n. a short, sim- 
 ple sonata. 
 
 song (s6ng), n. a lyrical poem or bal- 
 lad ; any poetical strain ; poetry ; 
 poem ; notes of birds ; mere trifle. 
 
 songster ('ster), n. one skilled in 
 singing ; a singing bird. Fern, song- 
 stress. 
 
 soniferous (so-nif'er-us), adj. pro- 
 ducing, or conveying, sound. 
 
 son-in-law (sun'in-law), n. [pi. 
 sons-in-law (sunz-)], the husband 
 of one's daughter. 
 
 sonnet (son'et), n. a short lyric 
 poem of fourteen lines, each of five 
 accents, with varying rhymes. 
 
 sonneteer (-et-er'), n. a composer of 
 sonnets; minor poet: v.i. to com- 
 pose sonnets. 
 
 sonometer (so-nom'e-ter), n. an ap- 
 paratus for showing the relation be- 
 tween musical notes, or testing the 
 capacity of the auditory nerves. 
 
 sonorific (so-no-rif'ik), adj. produc- 
 ing sound. 
 
 sonorous (so-no'rus), adj. giving a 
 clear sound when struck ; resonant ; 
 loud-sounding ; vocal ; deep-toned. 
 
 sonship (sun'ship), n. the state or 
 position of being a son. 
 
 soon (soon), adv. in a short time; 
 quickly; easily; early; without de- 
 lay. 
 
 soot (soot), n. finely divided carbon. 
 
 sooth (sooth), n. truth. 
 
 soothe (sooth), v.t. to please or calm 
 with soft words or blandishments; 
 comfort; allay; pacify; assuage. 
 
 soothsay sooth'sa), v.i. to predict or 
 foretell. 
 
 soothsayer (-er), n. one who fore- 
 tells or prognosticates. 
 
 soothsaying (-ing), n. the art or 
 practice of foretelling or making 
 predictions. 
 
 sootiness (soot'i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being sooty. 
 
 sooty ('i), adj. [comp. sootier, su- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sop 
 
 perl, sootiest], pertaining to, pro- 
 ducing, or like, soot ; dusky, black. 
 
 sop (sop), n. anything steeped, dipped,, 
 or softened in a liquid, especially in 
 broth ; something given to pacify : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sopped, p.pr. sop- 
 ping], to steep or dip in a liquid. 
 
 sophism (sof'izm), n. a specious but 
 fallacious argument ; fallacy. 
 
 sophist ('ist), n. one of^a body of 
 men in ancient Greece (5th century 
 B. C.) who taught philosophy, elo- 
 quence, and politics ; a fallacious or 
 captious reasoner. 
 
 sophistical (so-fis'ti-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to, or characteristic of, a 
 sophist ; fallaciously subtle ; quib- 
 bling. Also sophistic. 
 
 sophisticate ('ti-kat), v.t. to render 
 worthless by adulteration ; pervert ; 
 vitiate. 
 
 sophistry (sof'is-tri), n. [pi. sophis- 
 tries (-triz)], specious but falla- 
 cious reasoning ; unsound argument. 
 
 sophomore ('o-mor), n. a student in 
 his second academic year. 
 
 sopor (so'per), n. deep sleep from 
 which a patient is aroused with dif- 
 ficulty. 
 
 soporific (so-po-rif'ik), adj. causing, 
 or tending to induce, sleep : n. an 
 opiate or anodyne. 
 
 soppy (sop'i), adj. soaked or satu- 
 rated with a liquid ; very wet. 
 
 soprano (so-pra'no), n. [pi. sopra- 
 nos, soprani ('noz, 'ne)], the high- 
 est kind of female voice ; a singer 
 with such a voice. 
 
 sorb (sorb), n. the European moun- 
 tain-ash, yielding a fruit called 
 rowans. 
 
 sorbefacient (sor-be-fa'shi-ent), adj. 
 producing absorption. 
 
 sorcerer ('ser-er), n. a magician, 
 wizard, or enchanter. Fern, sor- 
 ceress. 
 
 sorcery (-i), n. [pi. sorceries (-iz)], 
 divination by the aid of evil spirits ; 
 witchcraft ; magic ; enchantment. 
 
 sordid ('did), adj. mean; vile; base; 
 niggardly ; meanly avaricious. 
 
 sore (sor), adj. tender or painful to 
 the touch ; inflamed ; painful ; sensi- 
 tive ; susceptible of irritation ; 
 heavy : grievous ; severe ; distress- 
 ing : adv. grievously ; severely ; 
 
 deeply : n. a painful or diseased part 
 in an animal body ; ulcer ; wound ; 
 sorrow ; trouble ; a hawk of the first 
 year ; a buck of the fourth year. 
 
 sorely (sor'li), adv. in a sore man- 
 ner. 
 
 soreness ('nes), n. the state or quali- 
 ty of being sore ; tenderness. 
 
 sorghum (sor'gum), n. a cane-like 
 grass resembling broom corn, yield- 
 ing sugar ; molasses prepared from 
 the juice of sorghum. 
 
 sorosis (so-ro'sis), n. a woman's club 
 or association. 
 
 sorrel (sor'el), n. a dock-like plant 
 of the genus Rumex ; a reddish- 
 brown color. 
 
 Sorrento -work (-en'to werk), n. 
 carved ornamental fretwork in olive- 
 wood with inlaid decorations. 
 
 sorrily ('i-li), adv. in a sorry man- 
 ner. 
 
 sorriness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being sorry. 
 
 sorrow ('o), n. mental pain or un- 
 easiness caused by loss, disappoint- 
 ment, &c. ; grief ; distress ; unhappi- 
 ness ; regret ; affliction : v.i. to feel 
 mental pain or uneasiness ; grieve ; 
 lament ; be sad. 
 
 sorrowful (-fool), adj. full of, or 
 showing, sorrow ; sad. 
 
 sorrowfully (-li), adv. in a sorrow- 
 ful manner. 
 
 sorry ('i), adj. [comp. sorrier, superl. 
 sorriest], feeling regret for the loss 
 of some good ; vexed ; pained ; 
 mean ; worthless. 
 
 sort (sort), n. a kind or species; 
 class, rank, or order ; manner ; de- 
 gree: v.t. to separate and place in 
 different divisions or classes ; select : 
 v.i. to consort or associate. 
 
 sortie (sor'te), n. the issuing of a 
 body of troops from a besieged place 
 to attack the besiegers. 
 
 sot (sot), n. a habitual drunkard. 
 
 sottish ('ish), adj. like a sot; stu- 
 pid ; infatuated. 
 
 sotto voce ('to vo'cha), adv. in an 
 undertone ; with a moderate or re- 
 strained tone of voice. 
 
 sou (sod), n. [pi. soos (sooz)], an 
 old French copper coin = one cent. 
 
 soubrette (-bref), n. a female ser- 
 vant or attendant ; in comedies, a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, £7ien. 
 
son 
 
 lady's maid who acts the part of an 
 intriguing female. 
 
 soucliet (-sha'), n. fish served up in 
 the water in which it has been 
 boiled. 
 
 sough, (sou, or suf), n. a. hollow mur- 
 mur or whistling, as of the wind : 
 v.i. to murmur or whistle. 
 
 sought, p.t. & p.p. of seek. 
 
 soul (sol), n. the spiritual, rational, 
 and immortal part in man ; reason 
 or intellect ; conscience ; life ; es- 
 sence ; moving or inspiring power ; 
 courage ; human being. 
 
 soulful ('fool), adj. full of soul or 
 feeling. 
 
 soulless ('les), adj. without a soul; 
 senseless ; spiritless ; dull ; mean. 
 
 sound (sound), adj. whole; entire; 
 unbroken ; healthy ; not decayed ; 
 founded on truth or right ; ortho- 
 dox ; solvent ; firm ; safe ; strong ; 
 legal ; valid ; laid on with force : n. 
 the impression made on the ear by 
 the vibrations of the air ; noise ; re- 
 port ; noise without signification ; a 
 strait or narrow passage of water ; 
 swimming bladder of a fish ; the 
 cuttlefish : v.t. to measure or ascer- 
 tain the depth of; cause to make a 
 noise ; utter audibly ; play upon ; ex- 
 amine or try ; probe : v.i. to make 
 a noise or sound ; play upon an in- 
 strument ; be spread or published. 
 
 sounding ('ing), n. the ascertaining 
 the depth of water : adj. causing 
 sound ; resonant. 
 
 soup (soop), n. a kind of broth. 
 
 sour (sour), adj. having an acid, 
 sharp, or astringent taste ; changed 
 so as to become rancid ; disagreea- 
 ble ; cross ; morose : v.t. to cause to 
 become sour : v.i. become morose, 
 peevish, or discontented ; to turn 
 from sweet to sour. 
 
 sour-crout, same as sauerkraut. 
 
 source (sors), n. that from which 
 anything arises or originates ; spring 
 or fountain ; first cause ; original. 
 
 sourish (sour'ish), adj. somewhat 
 sour. 
 
 souse (sous), n. pickle made with 
 salt ; anything steeped or preserved 
 in pickle ; a plunging in water : vlt. 
 to steep in pickle ; plunge into 
 water ; strike with sudden violence : 
 
 spa 
 
 v.i. to make a sudden attack : adv. 
 with sudden violence. 
 
 south (south), n. that one of the 
 four cardinal points of the compass 
 directly opposite the north : adv. to- 
 ward the south : v.i. to turn or 
 move toward the south ; come to the 
 meridian : adj. pertaining to the 
 south. 
 
 South, n. the southern portion of the 
 United States (with£7ie). 
 
 southern (suf/t'ern), adj. pertaining 
 to, situated in, or proceeding from 
 or towards the south. 
 
 Southerner (-er), n. a native of the 
 South. 
 
 southernwood ('ern-wood), n. a 
 species of wormwood. 
 
 Southron ('run), n. a Southerner. 
 
 souvenir (soo-ve-ner'), n. a memento 
 or keepsake. 
 
 sovereign (sov' or suv'er-in), adj. 
 royal ; supreme in power ; possess- 
 ing supreme dominion ; effectual : n. 
 a king, emperor, or queen ; a British 
 gold coin = 20s. 
 
 sovereignty (-ti), n. supreme power 
 or dominion. 
 
 sow (sou), n. a, female pig; oblong 
 piece of metal. 
 
 sow (so), v.t. [p.t. sowed, p.p. sown, 
 p.pr. sowing], to scatter, as seed 
 upon the earth ; propagate ; dissemi- 
 nate ; scatter on or over : v.i. to scat- 
 ter seed for growth. 
 
 soy (soi), n. a kind of fish sauce. 
 
 spa (spa), n. a spring of mineral 
 water. 
 
 space (spas), n. extension; room; 
 interval between lines ; quantity of 
 time ; short interval : v.t. in print- 
 ing, to make intervals between (lines 
 or words) by separating them with 
 thin pieces of type-metal. 
 
 spacial (spa'shal), adj. pertaining to 
 space. Also spatial. 
 
 spacious ('shus), adj. extending far 
 and wide ; roomy ; vast in extent. 
 
 spade (spad), n. an implement for 
 digging, &c, consisting of a broad 
 blade of iron with a handle; one of 
 a suit of cards having one or more 
 figures resembling a spade; a hart 
 three years old : v.t. to dig or work 
 with a spade. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
spa 
 
 spa 
 
 spadeful ('fool), n. as much as a 
 
 spade will hold- 
 spalpeen (spal'pen), n. a scamp 
 [Irish]. 
 
 span, (span), n. the space from the 
 thumb to the end of the little finger 
 when extended ; nine inches ; a 
 short space of time; spread or ex- 
 tent of an arch, &c, between its 
 abutments or supports: yoke of 
 oxen or horses; pair of horses sim- 
 ilar in color harnessed together : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. spanned, p.pr. span- 
 ning], to measure by the span of 
 the hand; reach from one side to 
 the other ; fetter or hobble : v.i. to 
 be matched for running in harness. 
 
 spangle (spang'gl), n. a small plate 
 or boss of shining metal ; any glit- 
 tering ornament, especially for a 
 dress: v.t. to set or adorn with, or 
 as with, spangles. 
 
 Spaniard (span'yerd), n. a native of 
 Spain. 
 
 spaniel ('yel), n. a variety of dog. 
 
 Spanish ('ish), adj. pertaining to 
 Spain, its language, or to its in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Spanish-fly (-fli), n. cantharides. 
 
 Spanish-main (-man), n. the name 
 formerly applied to the southern 
 part of the Caribbean sea, and ad- 
 jacent coast. 
 
 spank (spangk), v.t. to strike with 
 the open hand ; slap : v.i. to move 
 quickly : n. a sounding slap. 
 
 spanker ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, spanks ; the after-sail of a 
 ship or barque. 
 
 spanking ('ing), adj. moving with 
 a quick, lively step ; dashing ; stout ; 
 large. 
 
 spanner (span'er), n. a wrench for 
 tightening up or loosening the nuts 
 on screws. 
 
 spar (spar), n. 2l lustrous crystalline 
 mineral ; a general name for a mast, 
 yard, boom, &c. ; a contest at box- 
 ing, or in words : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 sparred, p.pr. sparring], to box; 
 contest in words. 
 
 spare (spar), v.t. to use in a frugal 
 manner ; part with without incon- 
 venience ; omit ; treat tenderly : v.i. 
 to live frugally ; forbear or forgive : 
 
 adj. thin or lean; scanty; parsi- 
 monious ; superfluous ; reserved. 
 
 sparing ('ing), adj. frugal; abste- 
 mious. 
 
 spark (spark), n. a small particle 
 of fire or ignited substance thrown 
 off in combustion ; small shining 
 body or transient light ; small por- 
 tion of anything active or vivid ; gay 
 young fellow ; beau. 
 
 sparkle ('1), v.i. to emit sparks; 
 glisten ; scintillate ; flash ; coruscate. 
 
 sparkling ('ling), adj. emitting 
 sparks ; glittering ; flashing ; lively ; 
 brilliant. 
 
 sparling (spar'ling), n. a smelt. 
 
 sparrow (spar'o), n. a well-known 
 small bird of the passerine family. 
 
 sparse (spars), adj. thinly scattered; 
 not dense; set or planted here and 
 there. 
 
 sparsely ('li), adv. in a sparse man- 
 ner. 
 
 sparseness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being sparse ; thinness. 
 
 Spartan (spar'tan), adj. pertaining 
 to Sparta; hardy; undaunted; se- 
 vere. 
 
 sparterie ('ter-i), n. articles spun 
 or woven of esparto grass. 
 
 spasm, (spazm), n. a sudden, violent, 
 involuntary contraction of the mus- 
 cles. 
 
 spasmodic (spaz-mod'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, or consisting in, spasms; 
 convulsive; violent but short-lived. 
 Also spasmodical. 
 
 spasmodically (-al-i), adv. in a 
 spasmodic manner. 
 
 spat (spat), n. the spawn of shell- 
 fish, especially the oyster : pi. spat- 
 terdashes. 
 
 spate (spat), n. a sudden heavy flood 
 caused by heavy rains. 
 
 spatial, same as spacial. 
 
 spatter (spat'er), v.t. to sprinkle 
 with a liquid ; defame : v.i. to under- 
 go or cause scattering or splashing 
 in drops or small quantities : n. a 
 small splash. 
 
 spatterdashes (-dash-ez), n.pl. leath- 
 er leggings for riding; gaiters. 
 
 spatula (spat'u-la), n. a broad, flat, 
 thin, flexible knife for spreading 
 plasters, paints, &c. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
spa 
 
 spatulate ('u-lat), adj. spatula- 
 shaped. 
 
 spavin (spav'in), n. a disease of 
 horses, characterized by a swelling 
 in the hock joint, causing lameness. 
 
 spawn (spawn), n. the ova of fishes, 
 oysters, &c. ; mycelium of fungi ; 
 offspring or product : v.i. to produce 
 and deposit spawn ; deposit eggs, as 
 fish, &c. 
 
 spawner.Cer), n. a female fish. 
 
 speak (spek), v.i. [p.t. spoke, p.p. 
 spoken, p.pr. speaking], to utter 
 articulate sounds : said of human 
 beings ; talk ; say ; utter a discourse 
 or speech ; make mention ; convey 
 ideas ; tell ; sound : v.t. to utter ar- 
 ticulately ; declare or pronounce ; 
 publish. 
 
 speaker ('er), n. one who speaks; 
 one who delivers a discourse in pub- 
 lic ; the presiding officer of the popu- 
 lar branch of a legislative body, as 
 of congress or a state legislature. 
 
 speaking ('ing), p. adj. uttering 
 speech ; life-like : n. the act of utter- 
 ing words. 
 
 spear (sper), n. a long-pointed 
 weapon of war and the chase used 
 for thrusting or throwing ; a lance 
 with barbed prongs for spearing 
 fish ; a shoot, as of grass : v.t. to 
 pierce, or kill, with a spear : v.i. to 
 shoot into a long stem. 
 
 spear-grass ('gras), n. long stiff 
 grass, especially of the genus Poa. 
 
 spearwort ('wert), n. a species of 
 ranunculus. 
 
 spec., abbr. for speculation. 
 
 special (spesh'al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or constituting, a species ; designed 
 for a particular purpose ; different 
 from others ; distinctive ; uncom- 
 mon ; appropriate ; limited in range 
 or extent; specific. 
 
 specialism, (-izm), n. devotion to a 
 particular and restricted branch of 
 knowledge, science, &c. 
 
 specialist (-ist), n. one who devotes 
 himself to a particular branch of a 
 profession, &c. 
 
 speciality (-i-al'i-ti), n. [pi. spe- 
 cialities (-tiz)], the special or dis- 
 tinctive mark of a person or thing ; 
 special department, &c. 
 
 specialization ('al-i-za'shun), n. ap- 
 
 spe 
 
 plication to a special function or 
 use ; act of specializing. 
 
 specialize ('al-Iz), v.t. to particu- 
 larize ; assign to a specific use or 
 function. 
 
 specially ('al-Q, adv. in a special 
 manner ; particularly. 
 
 specialty ('al-ti), n. that for which 
 a person is noted or distinguished ; 
 special contract or obligation. 
 
 specie (spe'shi), n. coined money. 
 
 species ('shez), n. a group of indi- 
 viduals agreeing in common attri- 
 butes and called by a common 
 name; a sub-division of a genus; 
 kind; sort. 
 
 specific (-sif'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 a species ; definite or particular ; 
 precise : n. a remedy for a particu- 
 lar disease. 
 
 specifically (-al-li). adv. in a spe- 
 cific manner. 
 
 specification (spes-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the act of specifying ; detailed 
 statement of particulars. 
 
 specify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. speci- 
 fied, p.pr. specifying], to mention 
 or name particularly ; designate 
 verbally, so as to distinguish from 
 other things. 
 
 specimen ('i-men), n. a sample; a 
 part of something to show the qual- 
 ity, &c, of the whole. 
 
 specious (spe'shus), adj. appearing 
 well at first sight ; plausible ; osten- 
 sible ; fair. 
 
 speck (spek), n. a spot; flaw; blem- 
 ish ; small particle ; blubber : v.t. 
 to spot. 
 
 speckle ('1), n. a small spot in any- 
 thing different in substance or color 
 from the thing itself: v.t. to varie- 
 gate with spots of a different color 
 to that of the thing itself. 
 
 spectacle ('ta-kl), n. something ex- 
 hibited to view, especially some- 
 thing unusual or worthy of notice; 
 pageant ; exhibition : pi. an optical 
 instrument with two lenses mount- 
 ed in a frame to assist the vision. 
 
 spectacular (-tak'u-lar), adj. per- 
 taining to shows or exhibitions ; 
 adapted to excite wonder or admira- 
 tion by scenic effect. 
 
 spectator (-ta'ter), n. a beholder. 
 
 jite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
spe 
 
 specter, spectre (spek'tr), n. a 
 ghost or apparition. 
 
 spectral ('tral), adj. ghostly; per- 
 taining to, or produced by, the spec- 
 trum. 
 
 spectrology (-trol'o-ji), n. the sci- 
 ence of spectrura analysis. 
 
 spectroscope ('tro-skop), n. an opti- 
 cal instrument for forming and ex- 
 amining spectra. 
 
 spectroscopical (-skop'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to the spectroscope. Also 
 spectroscopic. 
 
 spectroscopically (-li), adv. by 
 means of the spectroscope. 
 
 spectroscopist ('tro-sko-pist), n. one 
 skilled in spectroscopy. 
 
 spectroscopy (-sko-pi),w. that branch 
 of science connected with the use of 
 the spectroscope and spectrum an- 
 alysis. 
 
 spectrum ('trum), n. [pi. spectra 
 ('tra)], the colored and other rays 
 of light separated by refraction 
 through a prism and exhibited on a 
 screen, &c. 
 
 spectrum, analysis (a-nal'i-sis), n. 
 the determination of the chemical 
 or physical composition of a body 
 by means of the spectrum of light 
 which it gives forth or which passes 
 through it : each substance in the 
 spectrum having its own particular 
 system of lines. 
 
 specular ('ii-lar), adj. having a 
 smooth reflecting surface, as a mir- 
 ror or speculum. 
 
 •speculate ('u-lat), v.i. to consider 
 or meditate upon ; purchase stock, 
 land, goods, &c, out of the usual 
 order of trade with a view to sell 
 them at an enhanced profit by an 
 expected rise in the market. 
 
 speculation (-la'shun), n. intellec- 
 tual examination ; theory ; purchase 
 of stock, goods, &c, out of the regu- 
 lar order of trade for future sale 
 at an enhanced price ; game at 
 cards. 
 
 speculative ('u-la-tiv), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or given to, speculation ; con- 
 templative ; theoretical ; risky. 
 
 speculator (-ter), n. one who en- 
 gages in speculation. 
 
 speculum ('u-lum), n. [pi. specula 
 (-la.)], a mirror, especially a con- 
 
 spe 
 
 cave mirror used as a reflector ; a 
 surgical instrument for dilating cer- 
 tain passages of the body and throw- 
 ing light by reflection within them 
 for examination, &c. 
 
 sped, p.t. & p.p. of speed. 
 
 speech (spech), n. the faculty of ut- 
 tering articulate sounds or words ; 
 expression of thought in words ; act 
 of speaking ; particular language or 
 dialect ; formal discourse in public ; 
 oration. 
 
 speed (sped), n. velocity; swiftness; 
 quickness ; success : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 sped, p.pr. speeding], to make haste; 
 move quickly ; fare : v.t. to prosper ; 
 favor ; despatch quickly ; execute ; 
 aid. 
 
 speedily ('i-li), adv. quickly. 
 
 speediness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being speedy. 
 
 speedy ('i), adj. [comp. speedier, 
 superl. speediest] not dilatory or 
 slow ; prompt ; quick ; hasty. 
 
 spell (spel), n. a charm or incanta- 
 tion ; time during which a person 
 works ; duration : v.i. to form words 
 with the proper letters, either orally 
 or in writing : v.t. to write, repeat, 
 or point out the proper letters of ; 
 read with difficulty (with out). 
 
 speller ('er), n. one who spells; a 
 spelling-book. 
 
 spelling ('ing), p.adj. pertaining to 
 spelling : n. orthography. 
 
 spelt (spelt), n. a kind of grain. 
 
 spelter ('er), n. zinc. 
 
 spence (spens), n. a buttery or lar- 
 der. 
 
 spencer ('er), n. a kind of short 
 jacket; a four-cornered fore-and-aft 
 sail. 
 
 Spencerism (-izm), n. the philo- 
 sophical system advocated by Her- 
 bert Spencer in his works, especial- 
 ly the application of the principles 
 of evolution. 
 
 spend (spend), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. spent, 
 p.pr. spending], to lay out, as 
 money ; give for any purpose ; dis- 
 pose of ; consume ; drain of force or 
 strength : v.i. to incur expense. 
 
 spendthrift ('thrift), adj. prodigal; 
 extravagant : n. one who is prodigal 
 or lavish in expenditure. 
 
 sperm (sperm), n. the seminal fluid 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
■pe 
 
 of animals ; spermaceti ; spawn of 
 frogs and fishes. 
 
 spermaceti (-sper-ma-se'ti), n. a 
 white waxy substance obtained from 
 the head of the sperm-whale. 
 
 spermatic (-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to semen. Also spermatical. 
 
 spermatozoon (-ma-to-zd'on), n. the 
 germ cell in animals and plants. 
 
 spermoderm ('mo-derm), n. the 
 outer coat or testa of a seed. 
 
 spew (spu), v.i. to vomit. 
 
 sphenoid, (sfe'noid), adj. wedge- 
 shaped. 
 
 sphere (sfer), n. a globe or globular 
 body ; the concave or expanse of the 
 heavens ; circuit or range of knowl- 
 edge, influence, action, &c. ; place 
 of existence ; social position ; a solid 
 body contained under a single sur- 
 face, each point of which is equi- 
 distant from a central point. 
 
 spherical ( sf er'i-kal ) , adj. globular. 
 
 spherically (-i), adv. in the form 
 of a^ sphere. 
 
 sphericity (sfe-ris'i-ti) , n. roundness. 
 
 spherics (sfer'iks), n. spherical ge- 
 ometry and trigonometry. 
 
 spherograph ('o-graf), n. an instru- 
 ment for the practical application 
 of spherics to navigation. 
 
 spheroid (sfe'roid), n. a body resem- 
 bling a sphere but not quite round. 
 
 spheroidal ('al), adj. like a spheroid. 
 
 spherometer (-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring the curva- 
 ture of round surfaces, and the 
 thickness of small bodies. 
 
 spherule ( sf er'ul ) , n. a little sphere. 
 
 sphincter (sfingk'ter), n. a muscle 
 that closes an orifice which it sur- 
 rounds. 
 
 sphinx (sfingks), n. [pi. sphinxes 
 ('ez)], a fabled monster having the 
 head of a woman and the body of 
 a lioness ; a person of enigmatical 
 character or policy, from the custom 
 of the sphinx of proposing riddles 
 to travelers and destroying those 
 who could not solve the enigmas. 
 
 spicate (spl'kat), adj. having, or ar- 
 ranged in the form of, a spike or 
 ear. Also spicated. 
 
 spice (spis), n. any aromatic and 
 pungent vegetable used for season- 
 ing food ; relish ; small quantity 
 
 spi 
 
 giving flavor to a greater : v.t. to 
 season or flavor with, or as with, 
 spice ; tincture. 
 
 spicily ('i-li), adv. in a spicy man- 
 ner. 
 
 spiciness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being spicy. 
 
 spick and span (spik and span), 
 adj. new. 
 
 spicular (spik'ii-lar), adj. dart-like. 
 
 spiculate ('u-lat), adj. covered with, 
 or having, spicules. 
 
 spicule ('til), n. a slender sharp- 
 pointed body. 
 
 spicy (spi'si), adj. [comp. spicier, 
 superl. spiciest] flavored with, con- 
 taining, or having the qualities of, 
 spice ; aromatic ; fragrant ; pun- 
 gent ; racy. 
 
 spider ('der), n. any individual of 
 the genus Arachnida that spins webs 
 to ensnare its prey ; something like 
 a spider. 
 
 spigot (spig'ot), n. a pointed piece 
 of wood used to stop the vent-hole 
 of a cask or pipe of a faucet. 
 
 spike (spik), n. a large kind of nail; 
 anything like a spike ; ear of grain : 
 v.t. to fasten with spikes ; stop the 
 vent of (a cannon) by driving a 
 spike into it. 
 
 spikelet ('let), n: a small spike. 
 
 spikenard ('nard), n. an aromatic 
 plant from which an oil, the ancient 
 nardos, is extracted. 
 
 spiky ('i), adj. spike-like; set with 
 spikes. 
 
 spill (spil), n. a thin strip of paper 
 or wood for lighting a lamp, &c. ; a 
 tumble or overthrow : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. spilled, spilt, p.pr. spilling], to 
 suffer to run or fall out of a vessel : 
 v.i. to fall out. 
 
 spiller ('er), n. one who spills; a 
 kind of fishing-line. 
 
 spillikin (spil'i-kin), n. a small peg 
 of wood, &c., used for making scores 
 in a game: pi. a game played with 
 spillikins. 
 
 spin (spin), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. spun, 
 p.pr. spinning], to draw out and 
 twist into threads ; protract ; draw 
 out tediously ; cause to whirl rapid- 
 ly ; form by drawing out and twist- 
 ing the materials of : v.i. to practice 
 spinning ; whirl ; issue in a small 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
•Pi 
 
 stream ; move swiftly, as a bicycle : 
 n. the act of spinning; single ef- 
 fort ; a bicycle run. 
 
 spinach, ('aj), n. an esculent vegeta- 
 ble. 
 
 spinal (spin'al), adj. pertaining to 
 the spine. 
 
 spindle (spin'dl), n. the long thin 
 rod used in spinning wheels for 
 twisting the thread; any axis of 
 revolution. 
 
 spine (spin), n. in vertebrates, the 
 backbone. 
 
 spinel (spin'el), n. a mineral of va- 
 rious colors, allied to corundum. 
 
 spinet (spin'et), n. a keyed instru- 
 ment, allied to the harpsichord, but 
 smaller. 
 
 spiniferous (spi-nif'er-us), adj. 
 thorny. Also spinose, spinous. 
 
 spink (spingk), n. a kind of finch. 
 
 spinneret (spin'er-et), n. an organ 
 with which certain insects form 
 their webs or silk. 
 
 spinning jenny ( 'ing-jen-i ) , n. a 
 machine for spinning cotton. 
 
 spinster (spin'ster), n. an unmar- 
 ried woman. 
 
 spiny (spin'i), adj. full of spines. 
 
 spiracle (spir'a-kl), n. any minute 
 passage which serves for inhaling 
 or exhaling air or other fluid. 
 
 spiral (spl'ral), adj. winding around 
 a center like the thread of a screw ; 
 tapering or pointed like a spire : n. 
 a curve or curved line receding con- 
 tinually from the center about 
 which it revolves. 
 
 spirally (-i), adv. in a spiral form. 
 
 spirant ('rant), n. a name applied 
 to those consonants in which the 
 breath is not entirely stopped in 
 articulating. 
 
 spire (spir), n. a slender stalk or 
 blade ; a tapering body ; winding 
 line ; steeple ; top : v.i. to shoot 
 forth or up like a spire. 
 
 spirit (spir'it), n. the soul; the in- 
 telligent, immaterial, immortal part 
 of man ; life ; disembodied soul ; ap- 
 parition ; courage ; energy ; vivaci- 
 ty ; power of mind, moral and intel- 
 lectual ; genius ; real meaning ; es- 
 sence; any liquid produced by dis- 
 tillation ; alcohol : pi. intoxicants, as 
 brandy, &c. ; liveliness ; natural vi- 
 
 spi 
 
 vacity : v.t. to take away suddenly 
 or secretly. 
 
 Spirit, n. the third person of the 
 Holy Trinity (with the). 
 
 spirited (-ed), adj. full of spirit or 
 life ; animated ; vivacious ; lively. 
 
 spiritism (-ism), n. the science of 
 spiritualistic phenomena. 
 
 spiritless (-les), adj. without spirit; 
 depressed ; dejected. 
 
 spirit-rapping (rap'-ing), n. raps 
 heard in spiritualistic seances. 
 
 spiritual (spir'it-ti-al), adj. incor- 
 poreal ; not material ; possessing 
 the nature or qualities of a spirit ; 
 mental or intellectual ; pure ; holy ; 
 heavenly-minded ; not lay or tem- 
 poral ; ecclesiastical. 
 
 spiritualism (-izin), n. the state of 
 being spiritual ; the philosophical 
 doctrine that nothing is real except 
 soul or spirit ; the belief that cer- 
 tain alleged phenomena, as rapping, 
 table-turning, trances, &c, are 
 caused by the presence of departed 
 spirits who thus manifest their 
 presence ; the tenets and practices 
 of spiritualists. 
 
 spiritualist (-ist), n. a believer in 
 spiritualism. 
 
 spiritualistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, produced by, or characteris- 
 tic of, spiritualism. 
 
 spirituality (-al'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being spiritual ; spir- 
 itual nature; essence as distin- 
 guished from matter ; that which 
 belongs to the church or religion. 
 
 spiritualization (-i-za'shun), n. 
 the act of spiritualizing. 
 
 spiritualize (-iz), v.t. to free from 
 sensuality ; make spiritual ; give a 
 spiritual meaning to. 
 
 spiritually ('u-al-li), adv. in a spir- 
 itual manner ; like a spirit. 
 
 spirituelle (-u-el'), adj. refined; 
 ethereal ; pure. 
 
 spirituous (spir'it-ii-us), adj. hav- 
 ing the quality of spirit ; pure ; im- 
 material ; alcoholic ; ardent. 
 
 spirograph (spi'ro-graf), n. an in- 
 strument for recording graphically 
 respiratory movements. 
 
 spirometer (-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring the capacity 
 of the lungs. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
spi 
 
 spo 
 
 spit (spit), n. a long pointed rod on 
 which meat is roasted ; small point 
 of land or a long narrow shoal run- 
 ning into the sea : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 spitted, p.pr. spitting], to thrust a 
 spit through ; impale : [p.t. spit or 
 spat], eject or throw out: v.i. eject 
 saliva from the mouth ; drizzle, as 
 rain. 
 
 spite (spit), n. ill-will or hatred to- 
 ward another, with the desire to 
 thwart or injure ; petty malice ; 
 grudge : v.t. to try to injure or 
 thwart ; annoy. 
 
 spiteful ('fool), adj. full of spite; 
 malicious ; malignant. 
 
 spitefully (-i), adv. in a spiteful 
 manner. 
 
 spitfire (spit'fir), n. a very violent 
 or passionate person. 
 
 spittle ('1), n. saliva; sputum. 
 
 spitz-dog (spitz'dog), n. a small va- 
 riety of Pomeranian dog. 
 
 splash, (splash), v.t. to spatter with 
 water, mud, &c. : v.i. to dash water 
 about : n. water or slush thrown 
 upon anything ; a noise as from 
 water thrown up, or by anything 
 striking in or upon a liquid. 
 
 splatter (splat'er), v.t. to splash. 
 
 splatterdash (-dash), n. uproar; 
 noise : pi. same as spatterdashes. 
 
 splay (spla), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. splayed, 
 p.pr. splaying], to dislocate, as the 
 shoulder bone of a horse ; slope or 
 slant : n. a sloped surface : adj. 
 turned or spreading outwards. 
 
 spleen (splen), n. a soft vascular or- 
 gan near the large extremity of the 
 stomach, supposed by the ancients 
 to be the seat of anger, melancholy, 
 or vexation : hence a fit of ill-hu- 
 mor, melancholy, or latent spite. 
 
 spleget (splej'et), n. a wet cloth for 
 washing a wound. 
 
 splendent (splen'dent), adj. bril- 
 liant ; illustrious ; shining ; very 
 conspicuous. 
 
 splendid ('did), adj. magnificent; 
 very bright ; brilliant ; famous ; he- 
 roic ; celebrated ; sumptuous. 
 
 splendor ('der), n. the appearance 
 of anything splendid ; magnificence ; 
 pomp. 
 
 splenetic (sple-net'ik), adj. fretful; 
 peevish ; melancholy. 
 
 splenic (splen'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 the spleen. 
 
 splice (splls), v.t. to unite, as two 
 ropes, by interweaving the strands ; 
 connect, as pieces of wood or metal, 
 by overlapping parts and making 
 them fast together ; to unite in mar- 
 riage : n. the union of ropes, &c, by 
 interweaving or joining. 
 
 splint (splint), n. a splinter; a thin 
 piece of wood to keep a broken 
 bone, &c, in position ; a hard ex- 
 crescence on the shank-bone of a 
 horse. 
 
 splint-coal ('kol), n. a variety of 
 coal with a slaty structure. 
 
 splinter (splin'ter), n. a thin piece 
 of wood, &c, split or rent off length- 
 wise ; fragment : v.t. to split or rend 
 into long thin pieces ; shiver : v.i. to 
 be rent into splinters. 
 
 splintery- (-i), adj. of, or like, splin- 
 ters. 
 
 split (split), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. split, 
 p.pr. splitting], to divide length- 
 wise ; tear asunder violently ; 
 cleave ; rupture ; disunite : v.i. burst 
 with laughter (figuratively) ; be- 
 tray confidence ; throb or ache vio- 
 lently. 
 
 splotch (sploch), n. a stain; daub. 
 
 splurge (splerj), n. a great display. 
 
 splutter (splut'er), v.i. to speak 
 hastily and confusedly ; scatter ink 
 upon a paper, as with a bad pen : 
 n. a confused noise ; stir ; commo- 
 tion. 
 
 sp offish (spof'ish), adj. bustling 
 about trifling matters. 
 
 spoil (spoil), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. spoiled, 
 spoilt, p.pr. spoiling], to take away 
 by force ; plunder ; corrupt ; vitiate ; 
 ruin ; destroy : v.i. to become use- 
 less ; decay : n. that which is taken 
 from another by violence; pillage; 
 plunder ;_ booty. 
 
 spoke (spok), n. one of the bars of a 
 wheel connecting the nave or center 
 with the felly or rim ; round of a 
 ladder : v.t. to furnish with spokes : 
 p.t. of speak. 
 
 spoken ('n), adj. uttered in speech; 
 oral ; speaking : p.p. of speak. 
 
 spokeshave ('shav), n. a kind of 
 double-handled plane for dressing 
 curved work. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
spo 
 
 spoliation (spo-li-a'shun), n. the act 
 of plundering or robbery, especially 
 in time of war ; injury done to a 
 document. 
 
 spondaic (spon-da/ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a spondee. 
 
 spondee ('de), n. sl poetic foot of 
 two long syllables ( ). 
 
 spondyl (Mil), n. a vertebra. 
 
 sponge (spunj), n. the porous, elas- 
 tic, fibrous framework of any spe- 
 cies of Spongida; any substance re- 
 sembling sponge; a mop for cleans- 
 ing a gun after its discharge ; point 
 of a horseshoe ; parasite : v.i. to 
 suck in like a sponge; live upon 
 others : v.t. cleanse or wipe with a 
 sponge; obtain by mean arts with- 
 out cost. 
 
 sponginess (spun'ji-nes), n. the 
 state or quality of being spongy. 
 
 spongious (spon'ji-us), adj. sponge- 
 like. 
 
 spongy (spun'ji), adj. flexible and 
 full of small cavities ; like a sponge ; 
 having the quality of imbibing fluids ; 
 wet and soft ; rainy. 
 
 sponsion (spon'shun), n. the act of 
 becoming surety for another; an 
 engagement on behalf of a state 
 pending ratification. 
 
 sponson ('sun), n. the triangular 
 space before and abaft the paddle- 
 boxes of a steamboat ; one of the 
 armored projections with gun ports 
 of a warship. 
 
 sponsor ('ser), n. a surety; a god- 
 father or godmother. 
 
 sponsorial (-so'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a sponsor. 
 
 sponsorship ('ship), n. state or po- 
 sition of being a sponsor. 
 
 spontaneity (-ta-ne'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being spontaneous ; tend- 
 ency in animal and vegetable organ- 
 isms to undergo changes irrespective 
 of environment. 
 
 spontaneous (-ta'ne-us), adj. pro- 
 ceeding from natural disposition^ or 
 impulses ; acting by internal im- 
 pulse or natural law. 
 
 spook (spook), n. a ghost. 
 
 spool (spool), n. a hollow cylinder 
 surrounded with a ridge at each end 
 on which thread, &c, are wound : 
 v.t. to wind on a spool. 
 
 spo 
 
 spoon (spoon), n. a small domestic 
 implement consisting of a hollow 
 bowl and handle for dipping in 
 liquids and conveying them to the 
 mouth, &c. ; a simpleton ; a club 
 used in golf : v.t. to take up in, or 
 as in, a spoon : v.i. to act the part 
 of a demonstrative lover. 
 
 spoonbill ('bil), n. a wading bird 
 of the heron family with a spoon- 
 like bill. 
 
 spoonful ('fool), n. [pi. spoonfuls 
 ('foolz)], as much as a spoon will 
 hold ; small quantity. 
 
 spoonily ('i-li), adv. in a spoony 
 manner. 
 
 spoony ('[), n. a simpleton: adj. 
 weak-minded ; demonstratively fond. 
 
 spoor (spoor), n. the track or trail 
 of any wild animal. 
 
 sporades (spor'a-dez), n.pl. stars not 
 included in any constellation. 
 
 sporadic (spo-rad'ik), adj. occurring 
 separately or apart from others of 
 the same kind; single. Also spo- 
 radical. 
 
 sporadically (-al-li), adv. in a spo- 
 radic manner. 
 
 sporadic disease (diz-ez'), n. a dis- 
 ease, usually epidemic, attacking 
 only a few in a particular district 
 and not spreading. 
 
 spore (spor), n. a minute grain in 
 cryptogamous plants which performs 
 the function of a seed; a, minute 
 ovoid body in certain organisms 
 which gives" rise to new organ- 
 isms by germination. 
 
 sporran (spor'an), n. the furry 
 pouch worn in Highland costume in 
 front of the kilt. 
 
 sport (sport), n. diversion; jest; 
 mirth ; mockery ; play ; outdoor rec- 
 reation, as hunting, shooting, &c. ; 
 athletics and games of skill for 
 which prizes are given or money 
 staked; an animal or plant which 
 deviates in its organism from the 
 normal condition : v.i. to play or 
 frolic ; trifle ; practice field diver- 
 sions : v.t. to divert ; exhibit or wear 
 in public. 
 
 sportful ('fool), adj. full ot sport; 
 indulging in mirth or play; merry; 
 frolicsome. 
 
 sporting ('ing), p.adj a pertaining to, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
spo 
 
 characteristic of, or engaging in, 
 sport or sports. 
 
 sporting man (man), n. [pi. sport- 
 ing men], a fast man; gambler; a 
 sportsman. 
 
 sportive ('iv), adj. frolicsome; mer- 
 ry. 
 
 sportively (-li), adv. in a sportive 
 manner. 
 
 sportiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being sportive; disposi- 
 tion to mirth. 
 
 sportsman (sports'man), n. [pi. 
 sportsmen ('men)], one who pur- 
 sues the sports of the field, as hunt- 
 ing, &c. Fern, sportswoman. 
 
 sportsmanship (-ship), n. skill or 
 practice in field sports. 
 
 sporule (spor'ul), n. a granule with 
 a spore. 
 
 spot (spot), n. a blot or mark; dis- 
 colored place or stain ; blemish ; dis- 
 grace or reproach ; locality ; place ; 
 small part of a different color ; dark 
 place on a luminous disc, as of the 
 sun or a planet ; mark on a billiard 
 table where the red ball is placed ; 
 spot-stroke : v.t. \p.t. & p.p. spotted, 
 p.pr. spotting], to mark with spots ; 
 discolor ; stain ; disgrace or blemish ; 
 mark or note so as to recognize ; de- 
 tect. 
 
 spot light ('lit), it. an adjustable 
 calcium light for throwing a shift- 
 ing light on a stage, so as to keep 
 a player within its rays. 
 
 spot-stroke ('strok), n. a particular 
 stroke off the red ball when on the 
 spot. 
 
 spotter ('er), n. a detective. 
 
 spottiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being spotted. 
 
 spotty ('i), adj. marked with, or full 
 of, spots. 
 
 spousals (spou'zals), n.pl. marriage; 
 nuptials. 
 
 spouse (spouz), n. a married person. 
 
 spout (spout), n. the projecting 
 mouth of a vessel ; pipe for conduct- 
 ing a liquid ; lift or shoot : v.t. to 
 throw out forcibly and abundantly, 
 as from a pipe ; pawn : v.i. issue 
 with violence, as from a pipe. 
 
 sprag (sprag), n. a young salmon or 
 cod. 
 
 sprain (spran), n. an excessive strain 
 
 spr 
 
 of the muscles or ligaments of a 
 joint without dislocation : v.t. to 
 overstrain (the muscles or ligaments 
 of a joint) without dislocation. 
 
 sprang, p.t. hi spring. 
 
 sprat (sprat), n. a small fish. 
 
 sprawl (sprawl), v.i. to stretch the 
 body carelessly when in a horizontal 
 position ; lie ; stretch or toss out the 
 limbs or move awkwardly ; open ir- 
 regularly, as cavalry ; spread in an 
 iregular manner, as a plant. 
 
 spray (spra), n. a small shoot or 
 branch of a tree, or a collection of 
 them ; small particles of water driv- 
 en or dashed in the air ; jet of fine 
 medicated water, perfume, &c. : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. sprayed, p.pr. spraying], 
 to throw spray upon. 
 
 spread (spred), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 spread, p.pr. spreading], to extend in 
 all directions ; propagate ; unfurl ; 
 open ; emit ; scatter ; set or furnish 
 with provisions : v.i. to be extended 
 or propagated : n. extent ; table fur- 
 nished with provisions ; feast. 
 
 spread-eagle ('e-gl), adj. defiantly 
 bombastic : n. the figure of an eagle 
 with its wings elevated and its legs 
 extended : the heraldic emblem of 
 the United States. 
 
 spree (spre), n. a merry frolic; ca- 
 rousal. 
 
 sprig (sprig), n. a small twig or 
 shoot ; scion ; headless brad or nail ; 
 ornament in the form of a spray : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sprigged, p.pr. sprig- 
 ging] , to work or adorn with sprigs ; 
 drive brads into. 
 
 spright (sprit), n. a sprite. 
 
 sprightliness ('li-nes), n. vivacity. 
 
 sprightly ('li), adj. [comp. spright- 
 lier, superl. sprightliest], vivacious; 
 brisk ; animated ; airy ; gay : adv. 
 with vivacity. 
 
 spring (spring), v.i. [p.t. sprang, 
 p.p. sprung, p.pr. springing], to 
 arise ; originate ; appear ; shoot up ; 
 leap ; bound ; dart ; start or rise up 
 suddenly ; fly back ; issue or pro- 
 ceed ; warp : v.t. to start or rouse ; 
 cause to spring up ; explode ; crack : 
 strain ; cause to close suddenly ; leap 
 over ; cause to open : n. a leap or 
 bound ; an elastic body used for va- 
 rious mechanical purposes ; a flying 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
spr 
 
 squ 
 
 back with elastic force ; source ; a 
 fountain of water ; one of the four 
 seasons of the year when plants be- 
 gin to grow ; crack in a mast, &c. 
 
 springbok ('bok), n. the South Af- 
 rican gazelle. 
 
 springe (sprinj), n. a gin or noose. 
 
 springiness (spring'i-nes), n. elas- 
 ticity; sponginess. 
 
 springing ('ing), n. the act or pro- 
 cess of leaping ; growth, the point at 
 which an arch unites with its sup- 
 port. 
 
 springtide ('tid), n. the tide which 
 happens at or near the new and full 
 moon ; springtime. 
 
 springy ('i), adj. elastic; light; 
 spongy. 
 
 sprinkle (spring'kl), v.t. to scatter 
 in small drops ; baptize with a few 
 drops of water ; cleanse or purify : 
 v.i. to rain in small drops : n. a 
 sprinkling. 
 
 sprinkling (spring'kling), adj. scat- 
 tering in small drops : n. a small 
 quantity distributed in small drops ; 
 a small quantity distributed or scat- 
 tered, as of people, &c. 
 
 sprint (sprint), n. a run for a short 
 distance at full speed : v.i. to run at 
 full speed. 
 
 sprit (sprit), v.i. to bud or sprout : n. 
 a sprout or shoot ; a small spar 
 which raises diagonally the peak of 
 the sail of a boat. 
 
 sprout (sprout), v.i. to germinate: 
 shoot, as the seed of a plant: n. a 
 shoot ; bud : pi. Brussels sprouts. 
 
 spruce (sproos), n. a fir tree of the 
 genus Picea ; wood of the spruce 
 tree; a fermented beverage made 
 from spruce leaves, &c. : adj. smart ; 
 trim ; neat ; dandified : v.t. to dress 
 with affected neatness. 
 
 sprucely ('li), adv. in an spruce 
 manner. 
 
 spruceness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being spruce. 
 
 sprung, p.t. & p.p. of spring. 
 
 spry (spri), adj. nimble; sharp. 
 
 spume (spurn), n. froth; foam: v.i. 
 to foam. 
 
 spumy ('i), n. frothy; foamy. 
 
 spun, p.t. & p.p. of spin. 
 
 spunk (spungk), n. touchwood; met- 
 tle. 
 
 spunky ('i), adj. mettlesome; plucky. 
 
 spur (sper), n. a rowel with sharp 
 points worn on the heel of boots for 
 inciting a horse ; any incentive to 
 action ; largest root of a tree ; some- 
 thing projecting ; stiff, sharp spine 
 on a cock's leg, &c. : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 spurred, p.pr. spurring], to prick 
 with a spur ; incite to action ; 
 hasten: v.i. to travel with haste; 
 push on. 
 
 spurious (spu'ri-us), adj. not genu- 
 ine; counterfeit; illegitimate; false. 
 
 spurn (spern), v.t. to drive away ^ as 
 with the foot ; reject with contempt ; 
 treat with disdain: v.i. to manifest 
 contempt in rejecting anything: n. 
 disdainful rejection. 
 
 spurrier (spur'i-er), n. a spur maker. 
 
 spurt (spert), v.i. to issue forth sud- 
 denly or violently in a stream or 
 jet ; make a sudden brief effort : v.t. 
 to throw out in a stream or jet : n. 
 a sudden or forcible ejection of a 
 liquid ; brief, sudden effort. 
 
 sputter (sput'er), v.i. to throw out 
 moisture in scattered drops ; speak 
 rapidly and indistinctly ; spit : v.t. 
 to emit in small particles with a 
 crackling or spluttering noise : n. 
 moist matter thrown out in small 
 drops. 
 
 sputum (spu'tum), n. saliva; spittle. 
 
 spy (spi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. spied, p.pr. 
 spying], to discover, especially at a 
 distance; gain sight of; detect; ex- 
 plore ; examine secretly : v.i. to scru- 
 tinize; play the spy: n. a person 
 who in time of war enters the ene- 
 my's camp to gain information as to 
 its movements, &c. ; one who keeps 
 watch on others ; secret agent. 
 
 spy-glass Cglas), n. a small tele- 
 scope. 
 
 squab (skwob), n. a person of short, 
 fat figure; kind of sofa; stuffed 
 cushion ; nestling of a pigeon : adj. 
 short and fat; bulky: adv. with a 
 heavy fall. 
 
 squab-pie ('pi), n. pigeon-pie. 
 
 squabble ('!), v.i. to wrangle or dis- 
 pute in a noisy manner : v.t. to dis- 
 arrange : said of type set up : n. a 
 noisy wrangle; dispute. 
 
 squad (skwod), n. a small party of 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
squ 
 
 soldiers assembled for drill, &c. ; any 
 small party. 
 
 squadron ('run), n. a division of a 
 regiment of cavalry, comprising two 
 troops ; detachment of war vessels 
 employed on some particular service. 
 
 squalid (skwol'id), adj. extremely 
 dirty ; foul ; poverty-stricken. 
 
 squall (skwawl), n. a sudden and 
 violent gust of wind, often accom- 
 panied with rain, sleet, &c. ; a loud 
 scream : v.i. to scream or cry vio- 
 lently. 
 
 squally ('i), adv. gusty. 
 
 squaloid (skwa'loid), adj. shark-like. 
 
 squalor (skwol'er or skwa'lor), n. 
 foulness ; dirt. 
 
 squamoid (skwa'moid), adj. scaly. 
 
 squamose ('mos), adj. covered with, 
 or like, scales. Also squamous. 
 
 squander (skwon'der), v.t. to spend 
 lavishly or wastefully ; dissipate : 
 v.i. to be wasteful or prodigal. 
 
 square (skwar), n. a parallelogram 
 having 4 equal sides and 4 right an- 
 gles; anything nearly resembling a 
 square; an area of 4 sides having 
 houses on each side; square body of 
 troops ; a mathematical instrument 
 for measuring right angles ; product 
 of a number multiplied by itself : 
 adj. having 4 equal sides and 4 equal 
 angles ; forming a right angle ; hav- 
 ing a straight front ; true ; upright ; 
 honest ; just ; well-set ; stout : v.t. to 
 form with 4 equal sides and 4 equal 
 angles ; multiply by itself ; reduce to 
 a given standard ; adjust ; regulate ; 
 make even ; place at right angles 
 with the keel : v.i. to accord or agree 
 (with with) ; fit; assume a boxing 
 attitude (with up). 
 
 squarely ( 'li ) , adv. in a square form. 
 
 squareness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being square. 
 
 square measure (mezh'er), n. the 
 square of a lineal measure. 
 
 square-rigged ('rigd), adj. having 
 the sails extended on yards suspend- 
 ed horizontally by the middle. 
 
 square-root ('root), n. that number 
 or quantity which, multiplied by it- 
 self, produces the given number or 
 quantity, as 2 is the square root of 4. 
 
 squash (skwosh), v.t. to crush, espe- 
 cially into a flat mass or pulp : n. 
 
 squ 
 
 something soft and easily crushed; 
 something unripe and soft; unripe 
 pea cod ; shock of soft bodies ; sud- 
 den fall of a soft body ; a gourd. 
 
 squashiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being squashy. 
 
 squashy ('i), adj. easily crushed; 
 soft. 
 
 squat (skwot), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. squat- 
 ted, p.pr. squatting], to sit down on 
 the hams or heels ; cover or lie close, 
 as an animal ; to settle on public 
 land; settle on the land of another 
 without a title: adj. sitting on the 
 hams and heels ; crouching : n. the 
 posture of one who squats; small 
 vein of ore. 
 
 squatter ('er), n. one who squats; 
 one who settles on new or unculti- 
 vated land without a title; in Au- 
 stralia and New Zealand, one who 
 leases land for pasturing sheep from 
 the Government. 
 
 squaw (skwaw), n. a North Amer- 
 ican Indian woman or wife. 
 
 squawk (skwawk), v.i. to utter a 
 loud, harsh noise : n. a harsh squeak. 
 
 squeak (skwek), v.i. to utter a short, 
 shrill, sharp cry; make a sharp dis- 
 agreeable noise ; break silence ; con- 
 fess : n. a short, shrill, sharp cry ; a 
 sharp disagreeable noise. 
 
 squeal (skwel), v.i. to cry with a 
 sharp, shrill, prolonged sound; to 
 turn informer: n. a sharp, shrill, 
 prolonged sound. 
 
 squeamish (skwem'ish), adj. sickish 
 at stomach; easily disgusted; nice 
 to excess in taste; fastidious about 
 trifles ; scrupulous. 
 
 squeegee (skwe'je), n. a hoe-shaped 
 implement with an india-rubber edge 
 or plate for cleaning pavements, &c. 
 
 squeezable (skwez'a-bl), adj. capa- 
 ble of being squeezed. 
 
 squeeze (skwez), v.t. to press be- 
 tween two bodies; crush; embrace 
 forcibly; compress; force by com- 
 pression ; cause to pass : v.i. to 
 press ; push between close bodies : n. 
 the act of squeezing; compression 
 between bodies ; facsimile in some 
 soft substance ; a forcible embrace. 
 
 squelch (skwelch), v.t. to crush; si- 
 lence : n. a heavy blow. 
 
 squib (skwib), n. a kind of firework; 
 
 Ite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; bo5n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
squ 
 
 sta 
 
 petty lampoon ; sarcastic publica- 
 tion : v.i. to use or write squibs or 
 sarcastic reflections ; contend in 
 petty dispute. 
 
 squid (skwid), n. a name for various 
 10-armed cephalopods ; cuttlefish. 
 
 squill (skwil), n. a genus of plants 
 allied to tbe lily, used in medicine. 
 
 squint (skwint), adj. looking ob- 
 liquely : said of the eyes : v.i. to see 
 or look obliquely ; have the vision 
 distorted : v.t. to cause to squint : n. 
 the act or habit of looking obliquely. 
 
 squirm (skwerm), v.i. to v/riggle ; 
 writhe. 
 
 squirrel (skwer'el), n. a small, agile, 
 reddish-brown rodent with a long 
 bushy tail. 
 
 squirt (skwert), v.t. to eject in a 
 stream from a small orifice ; spurt : 
 n. a small stream or jet ; an instru- 
 ment for ejecting water, &c. 
 
 stab (stab), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stabbed, 
 p.pr. stabbing], to pierce with, or as 
 with, a pointed weapon ; kill or 
 wound ; injure secretly, or by mali- 
 cious falsehood or slander : v.i. to 
 pierce ; inflict a wound : n. a thrust 
 or wound with a sharp-pointed 
 weapon ; a malicious injury done 
 secretly. 
 
 stability (sta-bil'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being stable or firm ; firm- 
 ness of character ; strength of pur- 
 pose or resolution ; fixedness. Also 
 stableness. 
 
 stable ('bl), adj. fixed; firm; con- 
 stant : n. a building for lodging 
 horses, cows, &c. : v.t. to put or keep 
 in a stable : v.i. to dwell or shelter, 
 as in a stable. 
 
 stabling ('bling), n. the act of put- 
 ting into a stable ; accommodation. 
 
 stack (stak), n. a large quantity of 
 hay, corn, wood, &c, piled up in cir- 
 cular or regular form ; number of 
 chimneys standing together : v.t. to 
 pile into a stack. 
 
 stadium (sta'di-um), n. [pi. stadia 
 (-a)], a Greek linear measure = 
 606% ft. ; the course for foot-races 
 at the Olympic games : hence a race- 
 course. 
 
 staff (staf), n. [pi. staves, staffs 
 (stavz, stafs)l, a stick carried for 
 support in walking or for defense : 
 
 support ; prop ; pole, handle, or bar ; 
 wand as a badge of office ; stanza or 
 a series of verses ; the five lines and 
 four spaces between them on which 
 music is written ; flagstaff ; an es- 
 tablishment of officers attached to an 
 army or its commander ; number of 
 persons engaged in any undertaking 
 or work. 
 
 stag (stag), n. the male of the red 
 deer ; male of the ox kind, castrated 
 at a certain age ; an outside irregu- 
 lar dealer in stocks. 
 
 stag-beetle ('be-tl), n. a beetle hav- 
 ing, jn the male, mandibles resem- 
 bling a stag's horn. 
 
 stage (staj), n. an elevated platform, 
 especially in _ a theater ; place of 
 scenic entertainments or representa- 
 tions ; the theatrical profession ; 
 place of rest on a journey ; field of 
 action ; degree of progress ; coach : 
 v.t. to put on the stage, as a play. 
 
 stager (sta'jer), n. a horse for draw- 
 ing a stage coach ; one who has long 
 acted on the stage of life ; a person 
 practiced in cunning ; one who is ex- 
 perienced ; a player. 
 
 stagger (stag'er), v.i. to totter or 
 reel ; begin to doubt, weary or give 
 way ; hesitate : v.t. to cause to totter 
 or reel ; shock ; make less confident : 
 n. a sudden reeling or tottering : pi. 
 a disease of horses and cattle ; ver- 
 tigo. 
 
 staging (staj'ing), n. a temporary 
 structure of boards and posts ; busi- 
 ness of running and managing stage 
 coaches ; style of play production. 
 
 stagnancy (stag'nan-si), n. the state 
 or quality of being stagnant. 
 
 stagnant ('nant), adj. not flowing, 
 or running in a stream ; motionless ; 
 not brisk ; torpid ; dull. 
 
 stagnate ('nat), v.i. to cease to flow 
 or run ; be motionless ; become tor- 
 pid, inactive, or dull ; become impure 
 or foul. 
 
 stagnation (-na'shun), n. the state 
 or quality of being stagnant. 
 
 stagy (sta'ji), adj. characteristic of 
 the stage ; unreal. 
 
 staid (stad), adj. sober; sedate; reg- 
 ular ; steady ; not volatile. 
 
 stain (stan), v.t. to blot; spot; tinge 
 with color ; dye ; soil with guilt or 
 
 5te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
sta 
 
 sta 
 
 infamy ; tarnish ; pollute : v.i. to 
 take stains ; become stained : n. dis- 
 coloration ; spot of color different 
 from the ground ; spot or blot ; taint 
 of guilt or infamy ; cause of re- 
 proach. 
 
 stair (star), n. one of a series of 
 steps for ascending to a higher 
 level ; a step : pi. a flight of steps. ^ 
 
 staircase ('kas), n. a set of steps in 
 a house with railings, &c. 
 
 staith (stath), n. an elevated staging 
 upon a wharf with a line of rails for 
 discharging coals, &c. 
 
 stake (stak), n. a post or strong 
 stick sharpened at one end and fixed 
 in the ground ; palisade ; post to 
 which a person condemned to be 
 burnt was secured : hence martyr- 
 dom ; that which is pledged, wagered, 
 or put to hazard ; prize contested 
 for ; small anvil : v.t. to fasten or 
 support with stakes ; defend with, or 
 mark out the limits of, with stakes ; 
 wager or pledge. 
 
 stalactite (stal-ak'tit), n. an icicle- 
 like incrustation of carbonate of 
 lime, &c, formed by percolation in 
 caverns, &c. 
 
 stalagmite (-ag'mit), n. a cone of 
 carbonate of lime, &c, formed on 
 the floor of a cavern in a similar 
 manner to a stalactite. 
 
 stale (stal), adj. not fresh or new; 
 vapid ; tasteless ; worn out by use 
 or familiarity ; trite ; common ; de- 
 cayed ; past the prime : v.t. to make 
 stale ; wear out : v.i. to discharge 
 urine : said of horses. 
 
 stalemate ('mat), n. the position of 
 a king in chess, when he cannot 
 move without being placed in check : 
 v.t. to subject to stalemate ; bring to 
 a stand. 
 
 staleness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being stale. 
 
 stalk (stawk), v.t. to pursue stealth- 
 ily and under cover so as to kill, as 
 game : v.i. to walk with high and 
 proud steps ; walk behind a stalking- 
 horse : n. the stem or main axis of a 
 plant ; support which attaches a 
 flower or fruit to a plant or tree ; 
 anything like a stalk ; a high, proud, 
 stately step. 
 
 stalking-horse ('ing-hors), n. a 
 
 horse, or figure of a horse, behind 
 which a hunter conceals himself from 
 his game ; a mask. 
 
 stall (stawl), n. that part of a stable 
 where a horse or ox is kept and fed ; 
 a bench or table where goods are ex- 
 posed for sale ; small house or shed 
 where business is carried on ; seat 
 of a church dignitary in the choir of 
 a cathedral ; canonry ; reserved seat 
 in a theater, &c. : v.t. to place or 
 keep in a stall : v.i. to kennel, as 
 dogs. 
 
 stallage ('aj), n. rent paid for a 
 stall ; right of erecting a stall at a 
 fair. 
 
 stallion (stal'yun), n. an uncastrated 
 male horse kept for breeding. 
 
 stalwart (stawl'wert), adj. sturdy; 
 strong ; tall and stout ; brave ; dar- 
 ing. 
 
 stamen (sta'men), n. the male organ 
 of a flower. 
 
 stamina (stam T in-a), n.pl. tone and 
 vigor of the animal system ; back- 
 bone ; power of endurance. 
 
 staminal ('in-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or consisting in, stamens or stami- 
 na ; tonic. 
 
 staminiferons (-if'er-us), adj. bear- 
 ing stamens. 
 
 stammer (stam'er), v.i. to hesitate 
 or falter in speaking, especially from 
 an impediment in speech ; stutter : 
 v.t. to utter or pronounce with dif- 
 ficulty or hesitation : n. difficulty in 
 pronouncing or speaking ; stutter. 
 
 stammering (-ing), n. imperfect ut- 
 terance in speech : adj. hesitating in 
 speech. 
 
 stamp (stamp), v.t. to strike with the 
 sole of the foot by thrusting it down- 
 wards ; crush or pulverize ; impress ; 
 fix deeply ; make valid ; affix a stamp 
 to ; coin : v.i. to strike or beat the 
 foot forcibly on the ground : n. the 
 act of stamping ; die ; the impres- 
 sion made ; official mark on dutiable 
 things ; small piece of paper having 
 a certain device and value impressed 
 upon it by government, required le- 
 gally to be affixed to a letter, docu- 
 ment, &c. ; currency ; character or 
 reputation ; authority. 
 
 stampede (stam-ped'), n. a sudden 
 panic seizing a herd of animals caus- 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 D. 49. book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
sta 
 
 sta 
 
 ing them to run violently away ; any 
 sudden flight or rush : v.t. to cause 
 to take to sudden flight : v.i. to start 
 off in a panic. 
 
 stanch, (stanch), adj. firm; constant; 
 trustworthy ; zealous : v.t. to stop 
 the flowing of, as blood. Also staunch. 
 
 stanchion (stan'shun), n. a support 
 or post of iron or wood. 
 
 stand (stand), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. stood, 
 p.pr. standing], to be erect; occupy 
 a certain position ; cease to move ; 
 be at rest or fixed; continue; re- 
 main without injury or ruin ; be 
 safe ; not to fail or yield ; be obsti- 
 nate ; be firm ; be placed ; become a 
 candidate ; hold a course at sea ; 
 continue in force; stagnate: v.t. to 
 endure ; sustain ; abide by ; set in an 
 erect position ; pay for : n. sl stop or 
 halt ; interruption ; station for the 
 hire of vehicles ; raised platform for 
 spectators ; small table ; state of per- 
 plexity or difficulty ; resistance. 
 
 standard ('erd), n. an ensign or flag, 
 especially a national ensign ; that 
 which is established by authority as 
 a fixed rule or measure ; established 
 rule or model ; criterion ; a standing 
 tree not supported by a wall ; pro- 
 portion of weights of fine metal and 
 alloy established by authority. 
 
 standing ('ing), n. the act of stop- 
 ping or of being erect on the feet ; 
 duration ; maintenance of position ; 
 reputation ; rank or status : adj. re- 
 maining erect : stagnant ; lasting ; 
 established or settled; fixed. 
 
 stanhope (stan'hop or 'up), n. a 
 light two-wheeled carriage without a 
 top. 
 
 stannary (stan'a-ri), n. [pi. stanna- 
 ries (-riz)], a tin mine or works: 
 adj. pertaining to tin mines. 
 
 stannic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 got from, tin. 
 
 stanniferous (-if'er-us), adj. yield- 
 ing tin. 
 
 stannous ('us), adj. of, pertaining 
 to, or containing tin. 
 
 stanza ('za), n. a number of lines or 
 verses connected with and adjusted 
 to each other, usually ending in a 
 pause ; part of a poem containing 
 every variation of measure in the 
 poem. 
 
 stanzaic (-za'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or consisting of, stanzas. 
 
 stapes (sta'pez), n. the stirrup bone 
 of the ear. 
 
 staple (sta'pl), n. the chief produc- 
 tion or industry of a country or dis- 
 trict ; settled market or emporium ; 
 principal element or topic ; unmanu- 
 factured or raw material, as cot- 
 ton, flax, or wool fiber ; loop of metal 
 for holding a bolt, &c. : adj. chief ; 
 regularly produced ; established in 
 commerce : v.t. to sort according to 
 its staple, as cotton, &c. 
 
 stapler ('pier), n. one who deals in 
 staple commodities ; a wool sorter. 
 
 star (star), n. any celestial body, es- 
 pecially one that is self-luminous ; 
 anything resembling a star ; a pjanet 
 supposed to influence a person's des- 
 tiny ; an ornamental rayed badge ; 
 an asterisk (*) ; a person of distin- 
 guished eminence, especially in the 
 theatrical profession : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. starred, p.pr. starring], to set 
 or adorn with stars : v.i. to shine as 
 a star ; be preeminent ; appear as 
 principal actor among inferior play- 
 ers. 
 
 starboard ('bord), n. the right-hand 
 side of a vessel looking towards the 
 bow : adj. pertaining to, or lying on 
 the right side of a vessel : v.t. to put 
 to the right or starboard side of a 
 vessel. 
 
 star chamber (cham'ber), n. an an- 
 cient civil and criminal court at 
 Westminster, notorious for its des- 
 potism and injustice during the 
 reign of Charles I. 
 
 starch (starch), n. a widely diffused 
 vegetable substance : used for laun- 
 dry purposes, &c. : v.t. to stiffen with 
 starch ; make stiff. 
 
 starched (starcht), adj. stiffened 
 with starch ; formal ; precise. 
 
 starchy (starch'i), adj. consisting of 
 starch ; stiff ; formal ; precise. 
 
 stare (star), n. a fixed look with 
 wide-open eyes ; a starling : v.i. to 
 look with fixed eyes wide open ; look 
 earnestly; be very conspicuous; 
 stand out prominently : v.t. to gaze 
 at. 
 
 stark (stark), adj. stiff; strong: adv. 
 wholly or completely. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; b5on, 
 book; hue, hut; think, tfifcen. 
 
sta 
 
 starling (star'ling), n. a passerine 
 bird of the genus Sturnus ; piles 
 driven round the piers of a bridge 
 for its protection. 
 
 starred (stard), p. ad/, decorated with 
 stars ; influenced by the stars. 
 
 starriness (star'i-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being starry. 
 
 starry ('i), adj. abounding in, con- 
 sisting of, or proceeding from, stars ; 
 star-shaped. 
 
 starstone ('ston), n. a variety of 
 sapphire. 
 
 start (start), v.i. to be moved or 
 twitched suddenly, as by sudden 
 alarm, &c. ; shrink ; move abruptly ; 
 set out ; commence a race, career, 
 &c. ; loosen : v.t. to originate or set 
 going ; rouse suddenly from conceal- 
 ment ; empty ; dislocate ; punish with 
 a rope's end : n. the act of starting ; 
 outset ; a sudden motion or twitch ; 
 sudden fit or excitement ; quick 
 spring ; starting post. 
 
 starthroat (star'throt), n. a hum- 
 ming-bird. 
 
 startle ( start'l ) , v.i. to move sudden- 
 ly, as by an alarm ; to feel sudden 
 alarm : v.t. to frighten suddenly ; 
 shock. 
 
 starvation (star-va'shun), n. the 
 state of being starved. 
 
 starve (starv), v.i. to suffer extreme 
 hunger ; perish with hunger or cold : 
 v.t. subdue by famine ; destroy by 
 want of any kind. 
 
 starveling ('ling), adj. hungry; 
 weak ; lean : n. a thin, weak, pining 
 animal or plant. 
 
 stasis (sta'sis), n. arrest of the cir- 
 culation of blood in the vessels. 
 
 state (stat), n. circumstances or con- 
 dition ; position or situation ; case ; 
 quality ; pomp ; principal persons 
 constituting the government of a 
 country ; legislature ; whole body of 
 people united under one government ; 
 civil power : adj. pertaining to the 
 body politic ; used on state occa- 
 sions ; ceremonial : v.t. to express 
 the details of; represent fully in 
 words ; narrate. 
 
 State, n. one of the federated com- 
 monwealths composing the United 
 States. 
 
 stated ('ed), adj. fixed; regular. 
 
 sta 
 
 statedly (-li), adv. at fixed times. 
 
 stateliness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being stately ; majestic 
 appearance. 
 
 stately ('li), adj. [comp. statelier, 
 superl. stateliest], grand; majestic; 
 dignified ; displaying state or dignity. 
 
 statement ('ment}, n. the act of stat- 
 ing ; that which is stated ; narrative 
 or recital. 
 
 stater (sta'ter), n. a gold coin of an- 
 cient Greece. 
 
 statesman (stats'man), n. [pi. states- 
 men ('men)], one who is skilled in 
 public affairs and the art of govern- 
 ment ; politician. 
 
 statesmanship (-ship), n. the quali- 
 fication or skill of a statesman. 
 
 state-trial ('tri-al), n. a trial for 
 political offenses. 
 
 static (stat'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 bodies at rest or in equilibrium ; act- 
 ing by mere weight without produc- 
 ing motion. Also statical : n.pl. that 
 branch of mechanics which treats of 
 the equilibrium, pressue, weight, &c, 
 of bodies at rest. 
 
 statically ('i-kal-li), adv. in a stati- 
 cal manner. 
 
 station (sta'shun), n. place where a 
 person or thing stands ; position ; 
 rank or condition of life ; class or 
 order ; place on a railway for pas- 
 sengers or goods ; district police of- 
 fice ; military quarters ; post for 
 war-vessels : v.t . to place in a cer- 
 tain post, rank, or situation ; ap- 
 point or assign. 
 
 stationary (-a-ri), adj. fixed; not 
 moving ; not improving. 
 
 stationer ('shun-er), n. one who 
 sells paper, pens, pencils, writing 
 materials, &c. 
 
 stationery (-er-i), n. stationer's ar- 
 ticles. 
 
 statist (sta'tist), n. a statistician. 
 
 statistic (sta-tis'tik), adj. pertaining 
 to statistics. Also statistical. 
 
 statistically (-al-li), adv. by statis- 
 tics. 
 
 statistician (stat-is-tish'an), n. one 
 skilled in statistics. 
 
 statistics (sta-tis'tiks), n. the sci- 
 ence of the classification and ar- 
 rangement of facts relating to the 
 condition of a people or class, do- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
sta 
 
 ste 
 
 mestic economy, health, longevity, 
 &c. 
 
 stator (sta'ter), n. the part of a dy- 
 namo or motor which remains at 
 rest. 
 
 statuary (stat'u-a-ri), n. a sculptor; 
 the art of carving statues ; statues 
 collectively. 
 
 statue ('u), n. the representation of 
 a living being sculptured or modeled 
 in some solid material : v.t. to form 
 a statue of; place, as a statue. 
 
 statuesque (-u-esk'), adj. having the 
 characteristics of a statue ; immo- 
 bile. 
 
 statuette (-u-ef), n. a little statue. 
 
 stature ('ur), n. the natural height. 
 
 status (sta'tus), n. condition; social 
 standing or place ; rank. 
 
 status quo (kwo), present or pre- 
 vious condition or position. 
 
 statutable ( stat'u-ta-bl ) , adj. made 
 or introduced by statute; according 
 to law or statute. 
 
 statutable (-ta-bli), adv. conforma- 
 bly to statute. 
 
 statute ('ut), w. a law expressly en- 
 acted by the legislature of a country 
 or state ; written law ; an act of a 
 corporation or of its founders, de- 
 signed to be a permanent rule. 
 
 statutory ('u-to-ri), adj. enacted by 
 statute ; depending on statute for its 
 authority. 
 
 stave (stav), n. [pi. staves (stavz)], 
 one of the thin narrow strips of 
 wood forming the sides of a cask ; a 
 pole or piece of wood of some length ; 
 the five parallel lines and the four 
 contained spaces on and within 
 which the notes and rests are writ- 
 ten [Music] : pi. of staff : v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. staved, stove, p.pr. staving], 
 to break a hole in ; burst ; pour out ; 
 delay or put off. 
 
 stay (sta), n. a large, strong rope 
 which stiffens and supports a mast ; 
 stop or stand ; prop^ or support ; 
 abode or continuance in a place : pi. 
 pair of corsets : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 stayed, p.pr. staying], to hold up or 
 support ; sustain ; endure ; restrain ; 
 delay ; tack : v.i. to remain or abide ; 
 wait ; rest ; stand still ; continue ; 
 cease; hold out or last. 
 
 stead ( sted ) , n. the place or room 
 which another had or might have. 
 
 steadfast ('fast), adj. firmly fixed or 
 established ; steady ; constant ; uni- 
 form. 
 
 steadily ('i-li), adv. in a steady man- 
 ner. 
 
 steadiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being steady. 
 
 steady ('i), adj. [comp. steadier, su- 
 perl. steadiest], fixed; regular; 
 firm ; constant in feeling or purpose ; 
 resolute ; undeviating ; unwavering ; 
 uniform : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. steadied, 
 p.pr. steadying], to make or keep 
 steady or firm; make constant or 
 resolute ; regulate : inter j. be fixed. 
 
 steak (stak), n. a slice of beef, &c, 
 for broiling. 
 
 steal (stel), v.t. [p.t. stole, p.p. 
 stolen, p.pr. stealing], to take by 
 theft or feloniously ; take without 
 leave or right ; withdraw or convey 
 clandestinely; gain secretly and 
 gradually : v.i. to commit theft ; slip 
 in and out unperceived. 
 
 stealth (stelth), n. secret means em- 
 ployed to accomplish an object ; un- 
 derhand procedure. 
 
 stealthily ('i-li), adv. in a stealthy 
 manner. 
 
 stealthiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being stealthy. 
 
 stealthy ('i), adj. [comp. steal thier, 
 superl. stealthiest], done or per- 
 formed by stealth ; clandestine ; sly. 
 
 steam (stem), n. vapor into which 
 water is changed when heated to 
 * boiling-point ; vapor ; any exhala- 
 tion : v.i. to emit steam ; rise or pass 
 off in steam ; move by steam : v.t. to 
 apply steam to. 
 
 steamer ('er), n. a vessel propelled 
 by steam ; road locomotive ; an ap- 
 paratus for steaming articles. 
 
 steaminess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being steamy ; mistiness. 
 
 steamy ('i), adj. consisting of, or 
 like, steam. 
 
 stearate (ste'a-rat), n. any salt of 
 stearic acid. 
 
 stearic (-ar'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 obtained from stearin. 
 
 stearin ('a-rin), n. a constituent of 
 most animal and some vegetable 
 fats ; tallow. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ste 
 
 steatite (_'a-tlt), n. soapstone. 
 
 steed (sted), n. a horse, especially 
 one which is spirited. 
 
 steel (stel), n. iron refined and com- 
 bined with carbon ; any instrument 
 of steel ; anything made of steel ; 
 anything of extreme hardness ; a 
 chalybeate medicine : adj. made of, 
 or resembling, steel : v.t. to overlay, 
 edge, or tip with steel ; make hard 
 or invulnerable ; render like steel. 
 
 steeliness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being steely. 
 
 steeling ('ing), n. the process of 
 overlaying, edging, or pointing with 
 steel ; acierage. 
 
 steely ('i), adj. made of, or like, 
 steel ; hard ; inflexible ; • colored like 
 steel. 
 
 steelyard ('yard), n. a kind of bal- 
 ance, consisting of a single weight 
 moved along a graduated beam. 
 
 steening (sten'ing), n. a lining of 
 stone, brick, &c, of a well or similar 
 structure. 
 
 steep (step), adj. rising or descend- 
 ing with great inclination ; precipi- 
 tous : n. a precipitous place : v.t. to 
 soak in a liquid ; dip ; imbue. 
 
 steepen ('n), v.i. to become steep or 
 steeper. 
 
 steeple (ste'pl), n. a tower or turret 
 tapering to a point; spire. 
 
 steeple-chase (-chas), n. a kind of 
 cross-country horse-race. 
 
 steepled ('pld), adj. furnished with, 
 like, or adorned with, a steeple. 
 
 steer (ster), n. a young male of the 
 ox kind ; bullock : v.t. to direct the 
 course of (a vessel) with the helm; 
 control ; guide : v.i. to direct a ship 
 in its course ; move ; be governed. 
 
 steerage ('aj), n. the act or practice 
 of steering ; that part of a ship al- 
 lotted to the poorer passengers. 
 
 steerage- way (-wa), n. rate of mo- 
 tion through the water of a vessel 
 sufficient to enable her to feel the 
 effect of the helm. 
 
 steere (ster), v.t. to give a certain 
 angle of elevation to (the bowsprit 
 of a vessel). 
 
 steering ('ing), n. the angle of ele- 
 vation of a bowsprit with the hori- 
 zon. 
 
 stegomyia (steg'o-mi-ya), n. the 
 
 s ste 
 
 genus of mosquitoes which trans- 
 mit the germs of yellow fever. 
 
 steinbock (stin'bok). n. a small an- 
 telope of South Africa. Also steen- 
 bok. 
 
 stellar (stel'ar), adj. pertaining to 
 stars ; astral ; starry. Also stellary. 
 
 stellate ('at), adj. star-like; radi- 
 ated. 
 
 stem (stem), n. the principal axis of 
 a tree or plant; anything resem- 
 bling a stem ; race ; pedigree ; prog- 
 eny ; branch of a family ; the fore- 
 part of a vessel ; the unchangeable 
 part of an inflected word ; the up- 
 right or downright line joined to 
 the body of a note [Music] : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. stemmed, p.pr. stem- 
 ming], to resist or check; dam up: 
 v.i. to move forward against an ob- 
 stacle. 
 
 s temple ('pi), n. a crossbar of wood 
 in a mining shaft for ascending and 
 descending. 
 
 stench, (stench), n. a strong offensive 
 odor. 
 
 stencil (sten'sil), n. a thin plate of 
 metal with a pattern, &c, cut out, 
 used for marking, &c. : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. stenciled, p.pr. stenciling], to 
 mark or color with a stencil. 
 
 stenograph ('o-graf), n. writing in 
 shorthand : v.t . to write or report 
 in shorthand. 
 
 stenographer (ste-nog'ra-fer), n. a 
 shorthand writer. Also stenogra- 
 phist. 
 
 stenographic (sten-o-graf'ik), adj. 
 pertaining to, or written in, short- 
 hand. 
 
 stenography (ste-nog'ra-fi), n. the 
 art of writing in shorthand. 
 
 Stentor (sten'ter), n. a person with 
 a very powerful voice : from the 
 Greek herald in the Trojan war. 
 
 stentorian (-to'ri-an), adj. extreme- 
 ly loud. 
 
 step (step), n. the distance measured 
 by the foot in walking or running ; 
 pace ; small distance ; footstep ; ac- 
 tion ; measure ; procedure ; gait ; 
 stair ; round of a ladder : pi. porta- 
 ble framework of stairs : v.i. [p.t. & 
 p.p. stepped, p.pr. stepping], to 
 make a movement by a single change 
 of the position of the foot; walk; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ste 
 
 ste 
 
 advance or retire by pacing ; go or 
 come as by chance ; walk slowly : 
 v.t. to set, as the foot ; measure by 
 steps ; fix, as a mast : prefix denoting 
 relation by marriage only. 
 
 steppe (step), n. a name for the vast 
 barren plains of Russia. 
 
 stere (star), n. in the metric system, 
 a unit of cubic measure = 35.31 
 cubic feet. 
 
 stereo, a prefix meaning solid, firm, 
 as stereogram, a picture represent- 
 ing objects on a plane surface as if 
 in relief : n. an abbr. of stereotype. 
 Also stereograph. 
 
 stere ©meter ( ster-e-om'e-ter ) , n. an 
 instrument for measuring the solid 
 contents of a body; an instrument 
 for determining specific gravity. 
 
 stereometry (-om'e-tri), n. the art 
 of measuring the cubical contents 
 of bodies ; the art of determining 
 the specific gravity of bodies. 
 
 stereopticon (-op'ti-kon), n. a mag- 
 ic-lantern showing photographic 
 slides as if in relief. 
 
 stereoscope (ster'e-o-skop), n. a bi- 
 nocular optical instrument by means 
 of which two pictures appear as one 
 and stand out in relief. 
 
 stereoscopic (-skop'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, characteristic of, or adapted 
 to, the stereoscope. Also stereo- 
 scopical. 
 
 stereotype ('e-o-tip), n. a metal 
 plate cast from a mold taken from 
 a page of movable types : v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. stereotyped, p.pr. stereotyp- 
 ing], to cast or print in stereotype; 
 fix permanently : adj. pertaining to, 
 or done by, stereotype. 
 
 sterile ( 'il ) , adj. barren ; producing 
 little or no crop ; destitute of ideas. 
 
 sterility (-il'i-ti), n. barrenness; in- 
 fecundity. 
 
 sterilization (-za'shun), n. the act 
 or process of rendering sterile ; state 
 of being sterile. 
 
 sterilize ('il-Iz), v.t. to make sterile; 
 deprive of the power of reproduc- 
 tion, as bacteria. 
 
 sterling ('ling), adj. pure; unadul- 
 terated ; genuine ; noting English 
 money of standard value ; of high 
 merit. 
 
 stern (stern), adj. harsh or severe in 
 
 countenance or manners ; austere ; 
 unrelenting ; steadfast ; being in the 
 stern : n. the after part of a vessel. 
 
 sternal ('al), adj. pertaining to the 
 sternum. 
 
 sternum Cum), n. the breast bone. 
 
 sternsheets ('shetz), n. that part of 
 a boat furnished with seats for pas- 
 sengers. 
 
 sternway ('wa), n. movement of a 
 vessel backwards. 
 
 stertorous ( ster'to-rus ) , adj. charac- 
 terized by deep snoring. 
 
 stet (stet), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stetted, 
 p.pr. stetting], to mark with the 
 word stet (let it stand) on a proof, 
 indicating that something marked 
 for omission is to remain. 
 
 stethometer (steth-om'e-ter), n. an 
 apparatus for measuring the exter- 
 nal movements of the walls of the 
 chest during respiration. 
 
 stethoscope ('o-skop), n. an instru- 
 ment for examining the chest, or 
 ascertaining diseases of the chest by 
 sound produced in the thorax. 
 
 stethoscopic (-skop'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or by means of, the stetho- 
 scope. Also stethoscopical. 
 
 stethoscopy ('o-sko-pi), n. examina- 
 tion by the stethoscope. 
 
 steve (stev), v.t. to stow in a ship's 
 hold. 
 
 stevedore ('e-dor), n. one who loads 
 or unloads a vessel in port, or stows 
 cargo in a ship's hold. 
 
 stew (stu), v.t. to boil slowly or with 
 a simmering heat : v.i. to be boiled 
 slowly or gently : n. a dish pre- 
 pared by stewing ; a store-pond : pi. 
 a brothel. 
 
 steward ('erd), n. one who manages 
 the domestic concerns of a family 
 or institution ; manager of a large 
 estate or farm ; person employed at 
 a hotel, club, or on board ship to 
 superintend culinary affairs ; a col- 
 lege official who superintends the 
 kitchen arrangements ; a fiscal 
 agent ; an officer of the royal house- 
 hold ; manager at races, sports, &c. 
 
 stewardess (-es), n. a woman who 
 attends to female passengers on 
 board ship. 
 
 stewardship (-ship), n. the office of 
 a steward ; management. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
Stll 
 
 sti 
 
 sthenic (sthen'ik), adj. character- 
 ized by morbid activity of the heart 
 and blood vessels. 
 
 stiacciato (ste-iit-chii'td), n. in 
 sculpture, the lowest kind of relief. 
 
 stibial (stib'i-al), adj. like antimony. 
 
 stibialism (-izm), n. antimonial poi- 
 soning. 
 
 stibium ('i-um), n. antimony. 
 
 sticcado (stik-a'do), n. a musical in- 
 strument of wooden bars of gradu- 
 ated lengths, played with a small 
 mallet. 
 
 stick (stik), n. a small branch or 
 shoot cut off a tree ; walking stick ; 
 staff ; printer's composing-stick ; 
 thrust or stab with a pointed instru- 
 ment ; an incompetent or dull speak- 
 er : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stuck, p.pr. stick- 
 ing] , to stab or thrust ; pierce ; fas- 
 ten ; fix in ; make to cohere ; at- 
 tach ; set with something pointed ; 
 compose or set up (type) : v.i. to be 
 fixed ; remain ; cleave ; adhere ; be 
 fastened by piercing; be stayed; 
 hesitate (with at). 
 
 stickiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being sticky. 
 
 stickle ('!), v.i. to wrangle or con- 
 tend pertinaciously, especially on in- 
 sufficient grounds, for something of 
 little importance. 
 
 stickleback (-bak), n. a spiny- 
 backed fish. 
 
 sticky ('i), adj. [comp. stickier, su- 
 perl. stickiest], adhesive; glutinous; 
 viscous. 
 
 stiff (stif), adj. not easily bent; 
 rigid ; inflexible ; stubborn ; not 
 liquid or fluid ; strong ; violent ; not 
 natural or easy ; constrained ; af- 
 fected ; formal ; severe ; not written 
 with ease. 
 
 stiffen C'n), v.t. to make stiff; make 
 more thick or viscous ; make tor- 
 pid : v.i. to become stiff; grow more 
 obstinate. 
 
 stiffening (-ing), n. the act of mak- 
 ing stiff ; material for making any- 
 thing stiff. 
 
 stiff-necked ('nekt), adj. inflexibly 
 obstinate; stubborn. 
 
 stifle (stif'l), v.t. to suffocate; 
 smother ; extinguish ; deaden ; sup- 
 press or conceal : v.i. to be suffo- 
 
 cated : n. the first joint above a 
 horse's thigh, next the buttock. 
 
 stigma (stig'ma), n. [pi. stigmas, 
 stigmata ('maz, 'ma-ta)], a mark 
 made with a branding-iron ; mark of 
 infamy or disgrace ; the receptive 
 upper part of the pistil of a flower 
 on which the pollen which fertilizes 
 it falls : pi. the counterparts of the 
 marks of the wounds in Christ's 
 body, supposed to be impressed on 
 the bodies of certain saints (stig- 
 mata). 
 
 stigmatize ('ma-tiz), v.t. to mark 
 with a stigma or brand ; hold up to 
 disgrace, reproach, or infamy. 
 
 stile (stll), n. sl set of steps to pass 
 from one side of a fence or wall, 
 &c, to the other ; the gnomon of a 
 sun-dial ; an upright piece in fram- 
 ing or paneling. 
 
 stiletto (sti-let'o), n. a small dagger 
 with a thin, rounded, and pointed 
 blade; pointed instrument for mak- 
 ing eyelet holes. 
 
 still (stil), adj. at rest; without mo- 
 tion ; quiet ; calm ; silent ; not effer- 
 vescent : adv. to this time ; neverthe- 
 less ; always ; after that : v.t. to 
 make still ; calm ; lull ; pacify ; ren- 
 der motionless : n. an apparatus for 
 distilling liquids. 
 
 stilt (stilt), n. a pole of wood with a 
 rest for the foot : used in pairs in 
 walking : v.t. to set or raise on stilts. 
 
 stilted ('ed), adj. inflated; pompous. 
 
 stilton (stil'tun), n. a rich kind of 
 cheese. 
 
 stimulant (stim'u-lant), adj. serving 
 to stimulate ; producing transient in- 
 crease of vital energy : n.pl. medi- 
 cines or alcoholic beverages having 
 such an effect. 
 
 stimulate ('u-lat), v.t. to excite or 
 rouse ; animate ; goad ; encourage : 
 excite greater vitality in : v.i. to act 
 as a stimulus. 
 
 stimulative ('u-la-tiv), adj. having 
 the power of stimulating : n. any- 
 thing that stimulates. 
 
 stimulator (-ter), n. one who, or 
 that which, stimulates. 
 
 stimulus ('u-lus), n. [pi. stimuli 
 (-11)], that which stimulates; a 
 spur ; anything exciting to action ; 
 incentive; stimulant. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sti 
 
 sto 
 
 sting (sting), n. the sharp-pointed, 
 poisonous weapon with which cer- 
 tain animals and insects are fur- 
 nished ; one of the stiff, sharp- 
 pointed, hollow hairs of certain 
 plants ; anything that gives acute 
 mental or physical pain; the thrust 
 of a sting: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stung, 
 p.pr. stinging], to pierce or wound 
 with, or as with, a sting; cause 
 acute pain to ; goad. 
 
 stingaree ('ga-re), n. the sting-ray. 
 
 stinging ('ing), p. adj. piercing, as 
 with a sting ; acutely painful ; pun- 
 gent ; adapted for stinging. 
 
 Stingy (stin'ji), adj. [comp. stingier, 
 superl. stingiest], close and covet- 
 ous ; meanly avaricious ; miserly ; 
 niggardly. 
 
 stink (stingk), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. stunk, 
 p.pr. stinking], to emit a strong, of- 
 fensive odor : v.t . to cause to stink : 
 n. a strong, offensive odor ; disgust- 
 ing smell ; an unpleasant exposure. 
 
 stinking ('ing), p. adj. emitting a 
 stink. 
 
 stint (stint), v.t. to restrain within 
 certain limits : v.i. to stop or cease : 
 n. a limit ; quantity assigned. 
 
 stipe (stip), n. the stalk of a frond 
 or of a pistil ; stem of a fungus. 
 Also stipes. 
 
 stipend (sti'pend), n. salary, espe- 
 cially clerical income. 
 
 stipendiary (-pen'di-a-ri), adj. re- 
 ceiving stipend or salary : n. one 
 who performs services for a salary. 
 
 stipple (stip'l), v.t. to engrave bv^ 
 means of dots ; paint by small, short 
 touches. 
 
 stip pier ('ler), n. a brush used for 
 stippling. 
 
 stipulate ('ii-lat), v.t. to arrange or 
 settle definitely or by special men- 
 tion. 
 
 stipulation (-u-la/shun), n. the act 
 of stipulating ; contract, agreement, 
 or bargain; a special condition in a 
 contract. 
 
 stipulator ('fi-la-ter), n. one who 
 stipulates, contracts, or covenants. 
 
 stipule ('ul), n. a small leaf-like ap- 
 pendage at the base of petioles. 
 
 stir (ster), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stirred, 
 p.pr. stirring], to put into motion; 
 move ; incite ; agitate ; animate ; 
 
 rouse ; instigate : v.i. to move or ex- 
 ert one's self ; be in motion ; change 
 place ; rise in the morning : n. bus- 
 tle; agitation; tumult; noise; pub- 
 lic disturbance ; excitement. 
 
 stirabout ('a-bout), n. oatmeal por- 
 ridge. 
 
 stirk (sterk), n. a young bull or 
 heifer. 
 
 stirps (sterps),n. [pi. stirpes ('pez)], 
 family ; race ; stem ; root, 
 
 stirrer (ster'er), n. one who stirs. 
 
 stirring ('ing), n. the act of moving: 
 adj. busy ; bustling ; exciting ; stim- 
 ulating. 
 
 stirrup (stir'up or ster'up), n. an 
 iron hoop suspended by a strap in 
 which a horseman sets his foot when 
 he mounts or rides. 
 
 stitch (stich), n. a single pass of a 
 needle and thread through anything 
 made by sewing ; link of yarn in 
 knitting ; sudden sharp, local pain ; 
 a furrow : v.t. to form stitches in ; 
 unite by stitches; form (land) into 
 furrows : v.i. to practice stitching. 
 
 stitching ('ing), n. the act of sew- 
 ing ; work sewn ; formation of land 
 into furrows. 
 
 stithy (stith'i), n. a smith's forge; 
 anvil. 
 
 stive (stiv), v.t. to make close, hot, 
 or sultry ; stuff up ; pack or press 
 closely together : v.i. to be stifled. 
 
 stiver ('er), n. a Dutch coin, value 2 
 cents : hence anything of little value. 
 
 stoa (sto'a), n. a portico or porch. 
 
 stoat (stot), n. a weasel. 
 
 stoccade (sto-kad'), n. a thrust in 
 fencing. 
 
 stock (stok), n. the trunk or stem of 
 a tree or plant ; pillar ; log, or post ; 
 trunk into which a graft is inserted ; 
 a blockhead ; race, family, or line- 
 age ; fund ; capital ; share of a pub- 
 lic debt ; store ; cattle ; stiff cravat ; 
 part of a firearm to which the bar- 
 rel and lock are attached; founda- 
 tion of soups, &c. ; a kind of flower : 
 pi. a wooden frame in which the 
 legs of criminals were confined ; pub- 
 lic funds ; shares of capital in a cor- 
 porate company ; frame on which a 
 ship is built : v.t. to store up ; fill ; 
 supply : v.i. to take in or obtain sup- 
 plies : adj. kept in stock ; permanent. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 
 
sto 
 
 sto 
 
 stockade (-ad'), n. a line of posts 
 used as a barrier for defense or en- 
 closure for cattle: v.t. to surround 
 with, or defend by, a stockade. 
 
 stockfish, ('fish), n. salted and dried 
 fish. 
 
 stockinet (-i-net'), n. an elastic tex- 
 tile fabric. 
 
 stocking ('ing), n. a close-fitting cov- 
 ering for the foot and leg. 
 
 stockjobber ('job-er), n. one who 
 deals or speculates in stocks and 
 shares. 
 
 stockstill ('stil), adj. motionless. 
 
 stodgy (stoj'i), adj. wet. 
 
 stoic (sto'ik), n. a disciple of the 
 Greek philosopher Zeno, who taught 
 that a wise man should be governed 
 by the reason, subdue all passions, 
 and be indifferent to pleasure or 
 pain : one who proposes such doc- 
 trines : adj. pertaining to the Stoics ; 
 indifferent to pleasure or pain. Sto- 
 ical. 
 
 stoically (-li), adv. in a stoical man- 
 ner. 
 
 stoichiometry (stoi-ki-om'e-tri), n. 
 the science of estimating the atomic 
 weights, &c, of chemical elements 
 and their compounds. 
 
 stoicism (sto'i-sizm), n. the doctrines 
 and maxims of the stoics ; real or 
 assumed insensibility to pleasure or 
 pain. 
 
 stoke (stok), v.t. maintain and tend 
 the fire in : as, to stoke a furnace : 
 v.i. to act as a stoker. 
 
 stoker ('er), n. one who supplies fuel 
 to, and attends to the furnace of an 
 engine ; a fireman. 
 
 stola (sto'la), n. [pi. stolse ('!§)], a 
 long, loose garment worn by Roman 
 matrons. 
 
 stole (stol), n. a. stola; a long, nar- 
 row scarf fringed at the ends, worn 
 by bishops, priests, and deacons of the 
 Roman Catholic Anglican Churches : 
 p.t. of steal. 
 
 stolen, p.p. of steal. 
 
 stolid (stol'id), adj. stupid; dull; 
 impassive. 
 
 stolidity ( 'i-ti ) , n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being stolid ; intellectual dul- 
 ness. 
 
 stolon (sto'lon), n. a trailing branch 
 
 or creeping sucker which sends down 
 roots. 
 
 stoma ('ma), n. [pi. stomata (sto'- 
 ma-ta ) ] , a minute breathing pore or 
 aperture. 
 
 stomach (stum'ak), n. the principal 
 organ of digestion in the body ; ap- 
 petite ; inclination ; haughtiness : v.t. 
 to resent ; put up with. 
 
 stomacher ('a-ker), n. an ornamen- 
 tal breast covering, worn by women. 
 
 stomachic (sto-mak'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, exciting or strengthening 
 the stomach : n. a strengthening 
 medicine for the stomach. 
 
 stomatic (sto-mat'ik), n. a medicine 
 for diseases of the mouth. 
 
 stomp, another form of stamp. 
 
 stone (ston) , n. a hard mass of earthy 
 or mineral matter ; gem ; material of 
 stone used for building, &c. ; calcu- 
 lus ; hard seed shell of certain fruits ; 
 a weight of varying value, usually 
 14 lb. avoirdupois ; insensibility ; 
 hardness : 'v.t. to pelt or kill with 
 stones ; free from stones, as fruit. 
 
 stone age (aj), n. the period of civ-j 
 ilization when stone weapons, im-j 
 plements, &c, were used prior to in-| 
 troduction of bronze. 
 
 stone-blind ('blind), adj. quite 
 blind. 
 
 stonechat ('chat), n. a small British 
 bird. 
 
 stonecntting ('kut-ing), n. hewing 
 or dressing stone. 
 
 stoneware ('war), n. a coarse kind 
 of pottery baked hard and glazed. 
 
 stone wort ('wert), n. a plant of the 
 genus Chara. 
 
 stonily ('i-li), adv. in a stony man- 
 ner. 
 
 stoniness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being stony. 
 
 stony ('i), adj. [comp. stonier, su- 
 perl. stoniest], pertaining to, of the 
 nature of, or like, stone ; rocky ; 
 hard ; cruel ; inflexible ; pitiless. 
 
 stood, p.t. of stand. 
 
 stool (stool), n. a seat without a 
 back for one person, usually sup- 
 ported with 3 legs ; the seat used in 
 evacuating the bowels ; evacuation 
 of the bowels. 
 
 stoop (stoop), v.i. to bend the body 
 downward and forward ; descend 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
sto 
 
 str 
 
 from rank or dignity ; submit ; con- 
 descend ; sweep down on prey : n. in- 
 clination downward and forward ; 
 descent from dignity ; condescension ; 
 fall of a bird upon its prey ; stair- 
 way, veranda, or porch with seats; 
 a flagon. 
 
 stop (stop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stopped, 
 p.pr. stopping], to hinder, check, or 
 impede ; render impassable ; inter- 
 cept ; desist from ; regulate the 
 sounds of ; deduct ; suspend : v.i. to 
 cease from any motion or action ; 
 reside temporarily : n. the act of 
 stopping; state of being stopped; 
 cessation ; a device for arresting or 
 limiting musical sounds ; series of 
 organ pipes ; mark used in punctua- 
 tion : inter j. stay ! cease ! 
 
 stopgap ('gap), n. a temporary ex- 
 pedient. 
 
 stoppage ('a j), n. the act of stop- 
 ping; state of being stopped; ob- 
 struction ; deduction from pay. 
 
 stopper ; ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, stops ; that which closes a 
 vent or hole. 
 
 stopping ('ing), n. the act of halt- 
 ing; stoppage; something that fills 
 up, or closes. 
 
 stopple ('1), n. a cork or plug: v.t. 
 to close with a stopple. 
 
 storage (stor'aj), n. safe keeping of 
 goods in a warehouse, &c. ; price for 
 storage. 
 
 storax (stS'raks), n. a balsamic resin. 
 
 store (stor), n. a large number or 
 great quantity ; stock accumulated ; 
 abundance or plenty ; warehouse ; 
 shop : pi. naval and military arms, 
 ammunition, clothing, provisions, 
 &c. : v.t. to furnish or supply with 
 stores ; gather in quantities ; accu- 
 mulate ; hoard up ; warehouse. 
 
 storied ('id), adj. furnished with 
 stories ; told in a story. 
 
 stork (stork), n. a large wading bird 
 with long legs and large pointed bill. 
 
 storm (storm), n. a violent atmos- 
 pheric disturbance ; tempest ; heavy 
 fall of rain, snow, or hail ; violent 
 commotion or agitation ; tumult ; ca- 
 lamity ; violent assault on a fortified 
 place : v.t. to attack with violence or 
 open force : v.i. to blow violently ; 
 be angry or rage. 
 
 stormily ('i-li), adv. in a stormy 
 
 manner. 
 storminess ('i-nes), n. tempestuous- 
 
 storming ('ing), n. the taking of a 
 fortified place by a violent and open 
 assault : p.adj. violently angry or 
 raging. 
 
 stormy ('i), adj. [comp. stormier, su- 
 perl. stormiest], characterized by, or 
 proceeding from, storms ; tempestu- 
 ous ; violent. 
 
 Storthing (stort'ing), n. the Norwe- 
 gian Parliament. 
 
 story (stor'i), n. [pi. stories ('iz)], a 
 fictitious narrative ; pretty tale ; 
 short romance ; history ; stage or 
 floor of a building ; division of a 
 house reached by one flight of stairs. 
 
 stoup ( stoop ) , n. a flagon ; receptacle 
 for holy water ; a liquid measure. 
 
 stout (stout), adj. corpulent; thick- 
 set ; stormy ; lusty ; brave ; resolute : 
 n. a strong kind of porter. 
 
 stove (stov), n. an apparatus for en- 
 closing a fire for cooking or heat- 
 ing ; hothouse : v.t. heat or dry, as 
 in a stove : p.t. of stave. 
 
 stow (sto), v.t. to fill by packing 
 closely ; lay up ; pack. 
 
 stowage ('aj), n. the act of stowing; 
 state of being stowed ; accommoda- 
 tion for stowing things ; money paid 
 for stowage. 
 
 stowaway ('a-wa), n. one who con- 
 ceals himself on a vessel leaving 
 port to obtain a free passage. 
 
 strabismus (stra-biz'mus), n. squint- 
 ing. 
 
 strabatomy (-bot'o-mi), n. a surgi- 
 cal operation for the removal of 
 squinting. 
 
 straddle (strad'l), v.t. to stand or 
 sit astride of : v.i. to stand or walk 
 with the legs wide apart : n. the act 
 of standing, sitting, or walking with 
 the legs wide apart ; a stock option 
 giving the holder the right of both 
 "put" and "call." 
 
 straggle (strag'l), v.i. to wander 
 from the direct course or way ; ram- 
 ble ; rove ; roam idly about ; be dis- 
 persed or scattered ; occur at inter- 
 vals. 
 
 stragulum ('u-lum), n. the mantle 
 of a bird. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
str 
 
 strahlite (straTit), n. actinolite. 
 
 straight (strut), adj. not crooked; 
 right, as a line stretched between 
 two points; direct; upright; undi- 
 luted : consistent in support of a 
 candidate or party : adv. in a straight 
 manner ; direct ; at once. 
 
 straighten ('en), v.t. to make 
 straight. 
 
 straightforward (-fOr'werd), adj. 
 not deviating ; honest ; open. 
 
 straight- spoken ('spo-ken), adj. 
 plain-spoken. 
 
 straightway (Va), adv. at once. 
 
 strain (stran), n. stock; lineage; 
 race ; descent ; tune or melody ^man- 
 ner of speech or action ; a violent 
 effort ; injury by overexertion : v.t. 
 to put to its utmost strength ; draw 
 out with force; stretch; injure by 
 overtasking ; make uneasy or un- 
 natural ; filter : v.i. to make violent 
 efforts ; be filtered. 
 
 strainer ('er), 11. one who, or that 
 which, strains ; an apparatus for fil- 
 tering. 
 
 strait (stmt), adj. narrow; not 
 broad ; confined ; distressful ; diffi- 
 cult : ti.pl. a narrow passage _ of 
 water connecting two seas ; diffi- 
 culty ; poverty. 
 
 straiten ('en), v.t. to make narrow; 
 contract ; confine ; put into difficul- 
 ties ; embarrass : v.i. to become nar- 
 row. 
 
 str ait- jacket ('jak-et), n. a kind of 
 garment for confining mad or delir- 
 ious persons. Also strait-waistcoat. 
 
 strait-laced ('last), adj. laced tight- 
 ly; strict in manners or morals. 
 
 strake (strak), n. the iron tire by 
 which the felloes of a wheel are se- 
 cured ; continuous line of planking 
 of a vessel from stem to stern ; a 
 trough for washing broken ore. 
 
 stramonium (stra-mo'ni-um), n. the 
 thorn-apple, commonly called jim- 
 son-weed. 
 
 strand (strand), n. the shore of a 
 sea, ocean, or large lake ; one of the 
 divisions or twists of a rope : v.t. to 
 drive or force upon the sea-shore ; 
 run aground ; bring into a state of 
 embarrassment : v.i. to be lifted or 
 be driven ashore. 
 
 strange (stranj), adj. belonging to 
 
 str 
 
 another country ; not domestic : 
 novel ; unusual ; reserved ; inexperi- 
 enced ; unfamiliar. 
 
 strangely ('li), adv. in a strange 
 manner. 
 
 strangeness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being strange. 
 
 stranger ('er), n. a foreigner; guest 
 or visitor ; one who is unknown or 
 acquainted ; one not admitted to fel- 
 lowship. 
 
 strangle (strang'gl), v.t. to choke; 
 suffocate by compressing the wind- 
 pipe ; suppress or stifle : pi. a dis- 
 ease in horses. 
 
 strangulation (-gu-la'shun), n. the 
 act of strangling ; state of being 
 strangled ; suffocation ; close con- 
 striction. 
 
 strangury ( f gu-ri), n. painful void- 
 ing or urine by drops. 
 
 strap (strap), n. a long, narrow 
 piece of leather or cloth ; razor- 
 strop : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. strapped, 
 p.pr. strapping], to fasten or bind 
 with a strap ; beat with a strap. 
 
 strapper ('er), n. one who uses a 
 strap ; a person unusually tall. 
 
 strapping ('ing), adj. tall; strong; 
 well-made ; handsome. 
 
 strass (stras), n. a kind of colorless 
 glass used as the base of artificial 
 paste gems. 
 
 strata, pi. of stratum. 
 
 stratagem (strat'a-jem), n. a device 
 or scheme for defeating an enemy, 
 especially in war ; an artifice or 
 plan for^ deception of any kind, or 
 for gaining some advantage. 
 
 strategic (stra-tej'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or effected by, strategy or 
 artifice. Also strategical : n.pl. the 
 science of military warfare; direc- 
 tion of a campaign. 
 
 strategy (strat'e-ji), n. strategics; 
 use of artifice or stratagem in carry- 
 ing out some design. 
 
 stratification (-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
 process of being arranged or depos- 
 ited in layers. 
 
 stratified ('i-fid), adj. arranged in 
 strata. 
 
 stratiform ('i-form), adj. strata- 
 like. 
 
 stratify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. strat- 
 ified, p.pr. stratifying], to form, de- 
 
 Ste, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
sir 
 
 sir 
 
 posit, or arrange, in strata or lay- 
 ers. 
 
 stratum (stra'tum), n. [pi. strata 
 ( 'ta ) ] , a bed of earth or rock, con- 
 sisting generally of a series of lay- 
 ers ; an artificial layer. 
 
 stratus ('tus), n. a cloud apparently 
 resting horizontally on the earth's 
 surface. 
 
 straw (straw), n. the stalk of grain; 
 bundle of such stalks when cut and 
 thrashed ; anything proverbially 
 worthless ; mere trifle. 
 
 strawberry ('ber-i), n. [pi. straw- 
 berries (-iz)], a plant of the genus 
 Fragaria and its well-known fruit. 
 
 straw-worm ( 'werm ) , n. the caddis- 
 worm. 
 
 strawy ('i), adj. pertaining to, made 
 of, or like, straw. 
 
 stray (stra), v.i. to wander from 
 limits or the direct path ; deviate ; 
 err : v.t. to mislead : adj. gone 
 astray ; wandering. 
 
 streak (strek), n. a line of color dif- 
 ferent from the ground color ; 
 stripe : v.t. to form, or mark with, 
 streaks ; stripe. 
 
 streaky ('i), adj. having streaks; 
 with alternate layers of fat and 
 lean. 
 
 stream (strem), n. a current of wa- 
 ter or other fluid; anything flowing 
 out of a source ; river, rivulet, or 
 brook ; drift or tendency : v.i. to is- 
 sue or flow in a stream ; run in a 
 
 ' current ; issue forth. 
 
 streamer ('er), n. a long narrow flag 
 or pennon ; the aurora borealis. 
 
 streamlet ('let), n. a little stream; 
 a rivulet ; a rill. 
 
 stream-tin ('tin), n. diluvial ore in 
 tin mines. 
 
 streamy ('i), adj. abounding in, or 
 full of, streams ; flowing in streams. 
 
 street (stret), n. a public road in a 
 city or town lined with houses on 
 either side. 
 
 street Arab (ar'ab), n. a neglected 
 child who lives in the streets. 
 
 street-car ('kar), n. a car that runs 
 on a street-railway. 
 
 street-railway (-ral'wa), n. a rail- 
 way laid on the surface of the 
 streets, distinguished from a rail- 
 road, elevated road, or sub-way road. 
 
 strength (strength), n. the state or 
 quality of being strong ; active or 
 passive power ; muscular force ; 
 vigor ; power of endurance or resist- 
 ance ; toughness ; numbers or 
 amount of any body, as an army ; 
 vigor of style; intensity, as of light 
 or color ; legal or moral, force ; po- 
 tency of liquors. 
 
 strengthen ('en), v.t. to make 
 strong ; confirm ; cause to increase 
 in power or security : v.i. to become 
 stronger. 
 
 strenuous (stren'fi-us), adj. urgent 
 or eagerly pressing ; ardent ; zeal- 
 ous; strong; vigorous; bold; ear- 
 nest ; valiant. 
 
 stress (stres), n. urgency; strain; 
 pressure ; force; importance; 
 weight ; violence ; force of utterance. 
 
 stretch (strech), v.t. to draw out to 
 a greater length or width ; extend 
 or expand j strain ; exaggerate : v.i. 
 to be extended ; reach ; sail by the 
 wind under press of canvas : n. the 
 act of stretching ; state of being 
 stretched ; strain ; effort ; extension ; 
 direction ; utmost extent of meaning. 
 
 stretcher ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, stretches; a footboard used 
 in rowing; a frame or litter for 
 carrying the sick or dead. 
 
 strew (stroo), v.t. to spread by scat- 
 tering ; scatter loosely. 
 
 striae (stri'e), n.pl. fine thread-like 
 lines ; slight furrows ; fillets between 
 the channels of columns. 
 
 striate ('ate), adj. marked, or formed 
 with, striae. 
 
 stricken (strik'en), p.adj. far ad- 
 vanced : p.p. of strike. 
 
 strict (strikt), adj. vigorous; exact; 
 severe ; nice to an extreme ; care- 
 ful ; rigidly interpreted ; straight and 
 narrow. 
 
 stricture ('fir), n. a morbid contrac- 
 tion of' any passage of the body, es- 
 pecially of the urethra; censure or 
 adverse criticism. 
 
 stride (strid), n. a long step; strad- 
 dle : v.i. to walk with long steps ; 
 straddle : v.t. to pass by long steps. 
 
 strident (stri'dent), adj. harsh; 
 shrill ; grating or creaking. 
 
 stridulation (strid-u-la'shun), n. the 
 power possessed by certain male in- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
str 
 
 str 
 
 sects of making shrill sounds by the 
 friction of parts of their bodies. 
 
 stridulous ('u-lus). adj. producing a 
 shrill, harsh, creaking sound. 
 
 strife (strif), n. contention for su- 
 periority ; discord ; conflict ; quar- 
 rel ; enmity ; war. 
 
 striga (stri'gu), n. [pi. strigae ('je)L 
 the fluting of a column : pi. small, 
 upright, stiff hairs, swelled at their 
 bases. 
 
 strigil (strij'il), n. an instrument 
 for scraping, used by the ancients 
 after the bath. 
 
 strike (strik), v.t. [p.t. struck, p.p. 
 struck, stricken, p.pr. striking], to 
 hit with a blow or with force ; dash ; 
 collide; pass quickly; lower or take 
 down ; notify by sound ; affect 
 strongly or sensibly; produce by a 
 blow or friction ; coin or mint ; 
 ground ; light upon ; make, as a bar- 
 gain : v.i. to make a quick blow or 
 thrust ; hit ; sound by being struck ; 
 pay homage, as by lowering a flag or 
 sail in token of respect or submis- 
 sion ; cease from work : n. cessation 
 of work for higher wages ; an in- 
 strument for leveling a measure, as 
 of grain ; four bushels ; direction of 
 the outcrop of a stratum. 
 
 striking ('ing), adj. affecting with 
 strong emotions ; impressive ; forci- 
 ble ; wonderful ; surprising. 
 
 string (string), n. a small cord or 
 line ; cord of a musical instrument ; 
 cord on which things are filed ; se- 
 ries of things connected : v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. strung, p.pr. stringing], to 
 furnish with strings ; put in tune ; 
 thread on a string ; file ; deprive of 
 strings. 
 
 stringency (strin'jen-si), n. the state 
 or quality of being stringent. 
 
 stringent (strin'jent), adj. severe; 
 rigid ; strict ; binding ; tense. 
 
 stringiness (string'i-nes), n. the 
 state or quality of being stringy. 
 
 stringy ('i), adj. consisting of, or 
 like, string ; filamentous ; viscid. 
 
 strip (strip), v.t. [p.t.&p.p. stripped, 
 p.pr. stripping] , to make naked ; de- 
 prive of a covering ; skin or peel ; 
 rob or pillage ; bereave ; take away ; 
 milk dry : v.i. to undress : n. a long 
 
 narrow piece ; trough for washing 
 ore ; waste, as destruction of fences. 
 
 stripe (strip), v.t. to variegate with 
 lines' of different colors; form the 
 stripes upon ; lash or whip : n. a 
 line or long narrow division of any- 
 thing of a different color to the 
 ground ; stroke or weal made by a 
 whip, &c. ; party badge or color. 
 
 stripling (stripping), n. a youth. 
 
 strive (striv), v.i. to make exertions 
 or efforts ; labor hard or earnestly ; 
 aim ; struggle ; contend in emula- 
 tion. 
 
 strobile (strob'il), n. the cone or 
 fruit of the pine-tree. 
 
 strocal (stro'kal), n. a glassmaker's 
 shovel. 
 
 strode, p.t. of stride. 
 
 stroke (strok), n. a knock or blow; 
 calamity or affliction ; sudden effect ; 
 hostile blow or attack ; touch of a 
 pencil or pen ; sound of a clock ; 
 length of the rectilinear motion of a 
 piston, &c. ; sweep of an oar ; the 
 principal oarsman in a boat who 
 sets the time to the rowers : v.t. to 
 rub gently with the hand in one 
 direction ; soothe. 
 
 stroll ( strol ) , v.i. to wander on foot ; 
 ramble or rove idly: n. a leisurely 
 ramble. 
 
 stroller ('er), n. one who strolls; an 
 itinerant player ; vagrant. 
 
 stroma o (stro'ma), n. [pi. stromata 
 ('ma-ta)], the basis of an organ or 
 tissue. 
 
 strong (strong) ,adj. having strength ; 
 robust ; healthy ; vigorous ; having 
 power of endurance ; powerful ; vio- 
 lent ; muscular ; affecting the senses ; 
 ardent; well-fortified; rising to 
 higher prices. 
 
 stronghold ('hold), n. a fortress. 
 
 strontia ( stron'shi-a ) , n. an oxide of 
 strontium. 
 
 strontium ('shi-um), n. a metallic 
 element forming the base of stron- 
 tia. 
 
 strop (strop), n. a strip of leather 
 for sharpening razors : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. stropped, p.pr. stropping], to 
 sharpen on a strop. 
 
 strophe (str5'fe), n. that part of a 
 song or dance in the ancient Greek 
 drama performed by the chorus in " 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
»tr 
 
 stu 
 
 turning from the right to the left ; 
 the first of two stanzas. 
 
 atrophic (strof'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or consisting of, strophes. 
 
 stroud ( stroud), n. a kind of coarse 
 blanket used by the North American 
 Indians. 
 
 struck, p.t. & p.p. of strike. 
 
 structural (strukt'u-ral), adj. per- 
 taining to structure. 
 
 structure ('iir), n. an edifice or 
 building ; manner or form of build- 
 ing ; form ; make ; arrangement of 
 parts or organization of a vegetable 
 or animal substance. 
 
 struggle (strug'l), v.i. to use violent 
 efforts with contortions of the body ; 
 strive with effort ; be in pain or 
 agony ; contend : n. a violent effort 
 with contortions of the body ; pain 
 or agony ; labor ; contest. 
 
 strum (strum), v.t. & v.i. [p.t. & 
 p.p. strummed, p.pr. strumming], to 
 play badly and noisily on a stringed 
 instrument. 
 
 struma (strSo'ma), n. scrofula. 
 
 strumous ('mus), adj. scrofulous. 
 
 strumpet (strum'pet), n. a prosti- 
 tute. 
 
 strung, p.t. & p.p. of string. 
 
 strut (strut), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. strut- 
 ted, p.pr. strutting], to walk with 
 affected dignity : n. a proud step or 
 walk with the head erect ; a support 
 of timber. 
 
 Struthio (stroo'thi-o), n. a genus of 
 birds, containing the ostriches. 
 
 strychnic ( strik'nik ) , adj. pertain- 
 ing to, derived from, or containing, 
 strychnine. 
 
 strychnine ('nin), n. a highly poi- 
 sonous alkaloid extracted from nux 
 vomica. 
 
 stub (stub), n. the stump of a tree; 
 a stub-nail : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stubbed, 
 p.pr. stubbing], to grub up by the 
 roots ; root out ; strike against some 
 fixed obstacle : as, to stub one's toe. 
 
 stubbed ('d), adj. short and thick. 
 Also stubby. 
 
 stubbiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being stubby. 
 
 stubble ('1), n. short stalks or 
 stumps of grain left in the ground 
 after reaping. 
 
 stubborn ('era), adj. inflexibly head- 
 
 strong ; obstinate ; contumacious ; 
 refractory ; not easily worked or 
 melted, as a metal. 
 
 stub-nail ('nal), n. a short, thick 
 nail. 
 
 stucco (stuk'o), n. [pi. stuccoes 
 ('oz)], plaster used as a coating for 
 walls or internal decorations ; work 
 executed in stucco : v.t. to overlay, 
 or decorate, with stucco. 
 
 stuck, p.t. & p.p. of stick. 
 
 stuck-up (stuk'up), adj. conceited. 
 
 stud (stud), n. an ornamental knob 
 or button ; large-headed ornamental 
 nail ; an upright beam or scantling ; 
 collection of breeding horses and 
 mares ; place where they are kept ; 
 horses kept for racing, hunting, &c. : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. studded, p.pr. stud- 
 ding], to adorn with, or as with, 
 studs; set with detached ornaments 
 or prominent objects. 
 
 studding ('ing), n. material for 
 studs or joists ; studs or joists col- 
 lectively. 
 
 studding-sail ('ing-sal), n. a light 
 sail set at the side of a square sail 
 to increase its area in light winds. 
 
 student (stu'dent), n. one who is 
 engaged in study; scholar; one de- 
 voted to books or learning; syste- 
 matic observer. 
 
 studhorse (stud'hors), n. a stallion. 
 
 studied ('id), adj. qualified by study; 
 well-read ; precise or formal ; pre- 
 meditated. 
 
 studio (stu'di-6), n. an artist's work- 
 room. 
 
 studious ('i-us), adj. devoted to 
 study or the acquisition of knowl- 
 edge ; diligent ; designed ; deliberate ; 
 careful (with of). 
 
 study (stud'i), n. the application of 
 the mind to acquisition of knowl- 
 edge; any particular branch of 
 learning; sketched ideas of a paint- 
 er, &c, for his future instruction or 
 improvement ; a room set apart for 
 a study : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. studied, 
 p.pr. studying], to apply the mind 
 closely to a subject; endeavor dili- 
 gently : v.t. to examine closely in 
 order to learn thoroughly ; con over ; 
 devote one's thoughts to. 
 
 stufa (stoo'fa), n. a jet of steam is- 
 suing from a fissure in the earth. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
stu 
 
 sty 
 
 stuff (stuf), n. materials out of which 
 anything is made ; textile fabrics ; 
 furniture ; goods ; refuse matter ; 
 nonsense : v.t. to fill by crowding 
 something into ; press or pack ; fill 
 with seasoning; fill the skin of (a 
 dead animal) for preservation in its 
 natural form : v.i. to eat glutton- 
 ously. 
 
 stuffiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being stuffy. 
 
 stuffy ('i), adj. close or ill-ventilat- 
 ed ; sulky. 
 
 stultification (stul-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the act of stultifying ; the state of 
 being stultified. 
 
 stultifier ('ti-fl-er), n. one who stul- 
 tifies. 
 
 stultify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stul- 
 tified, p.pr. stultifying], to render 
 foolish ; make nugatory. 
 
 stumble (stum'bl), v.i. to trip up or 
 fall in walking; light (with on or 
 upon) ; slide into error or crime: n. 
 a trip in walking or running; fail- 
 ure or blunder. 
 
 stump (stump), n. that part of a 
 tree which remains in the ground 
 after the trunk is cut down ; part 
 remaining after amputation, &c. ; 
 an artist's soft pencil or rubber ; 
 one of three posts of the wicket at 
 cricket : v.t. to lop off ; reduce to a 
 stump ; defeat : v.i. travel about 
 making speeches for electioneering 
 purposes ; to walk clumsily. 
 
 stump-orator (-or'a-ter), n. one 
 who harangues the people on some 
 current question, usually political. 
 
 stump-speech ('spech), n. an elec- 
 tioneering speech. 
 
 stumpy ('i), adv. full of stumps; 
 short and thick. 
 
 stun (stun), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stunned, 
 p.pr. stunning], to render sense- 
 less by, or as by, a blow ; confuse 
 with noise ; surprise completely ; 
 astonish. 
 
 stung, p.t. & p.p. of sting. 
 
 stunk, p.t. & p.p. of stink. 
 
 stunning ('ing), adj. remarkably fine 
 or large. 
 
 stunt (stunt), v.t. to check in growth 
 or progress : v.i. to become stunted : 
 n. a check in growth ; something 
 
 stunted; an allotted task; a per- 
 formance. 
 
 stupe (stup), n. flax, flannel, &c, 
 steeped in warm water or medica- 
 ments, used as a compress, &c. 
 
 stupefacient (-e-fa'shi-ent), n. a 
 narcotic. 
 
 stupefaction (-fak'shun), n. the act 
 of stupefying; state of being stupe- 
 fied ; insensibility ; torpor ; stupid- 
 ity. 
 
 stupef active ('tiv), adj. causing stu- 
 pefaction. 
 
 stupefier ('e-fi-er), n. one who, or 
 that which, stupefies. 
 
 stupefy ('e-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stu- 
 pefied, p.pr. stupefying], to deprive 
 of sensibility ; make stupid ; dull. 
 
 stupendous (-pen'dus), adj. over- 
 coming the senses by its vastness; 
 astonishing. 
 
 stupid Cpid), adj. deficient in undeiv 
 standing; insensible; dull; silly; 
 nonsensical. 
 
 stupidity ('i-ti), n. extreme dulness 
 of perception or understanding; 
 crass ignorance ; folly. 
 
 stupor ('per), n. suspension or great 
 diminution of sensibility; numb- 
 ness ; lethargy ; intellectual insensi- 
 bility. 
 
 sturdily (ster'di-li), adv. in a sturdy 
 manner. 
 
 sturdiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being sturdy. 
 
 sturdy ('i), adj. hardy; robust; 
 stout; strong; stubborn; vigorous; 
 forcible. 
 
 sturgeon ('jun), n. a large, cartilag- 
 inous fish of the genus Acipenser, 
 the roes of certain species of which 
 are made into caviare, and isin- 
 glass from the air-bladder. 
 
 stutter (stut'er), v.i. to speak with 
 hesitation or stammering: v.t. to 
 utter in a stammering manner : n. 
 hesitation or stammering in speech. 
 Also stuttering. 
 
 sty (sti), n. a pen or enclosure for 
 swine ; a filthy or mean place ; a 
 kind of boil upon the eyelid : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. stied, p.pr. stying], to 
 shut up in a filthy or mean place. 
 
 Stygian (stij'i-an), adj. pertaining 
 to the Styx, the river of Hades, 
 over which the dead were ferried 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, tlien. 
 
«ty _____ 
 
 by the boatman Charon: hence in- 
 fernal ; hellish. 
 
 style (stil), n. a pointed instrument 
 used by the ancients for writing 
 upon wax tablets; the gnomon of a 
 dial; appellation or title; distinc- 
 tive manner of writing with regard 
 to the choice of words, &c. ; manner 
 of speaking; characteristic mode of 
 expression or execution; method of 
 reckoning time; fashion; manner; 
 the stalk between the ovary and 
 stigma of a flower ; a probe : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. styled, p.pr. styling], to 
 designate or name. 
 
 styliform ('i-form), adj. like a style. 
 
 stylish ('ish), adj. fashionable; 
 modish. 
 
 stylist ('ist), n. a master of literary 
 style. 
 
 stylobate ('o-bat), n. an uninter- 
 rupted base below a range of col- 
 umns. 
 
 stylograph, ('o-graf), n. a stylo- 
 graphic pen. 
 
 stylographic (-graf'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, or used in, a stylographic 
 pen, or stylography. 
 
 stylography (sti-log'ra-fi), 11. a 
 method of writing or tracing by 
 means of a style. 
 
 styloid ('loid), adj. resembling a 
 style or pen ; pertaining to a par- 
 ticular bone. 
 
 styptic (stip'tik), adj. stopping 
 bleeding. 
 
 styracine (stir'a-sin), n. a crystal- 
 line substance obtained from storax. 
 Also styracin. 
 
 suable (sii'a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing, or liable to be, sued. 
 
 suant ('ant), adj. uniform; level. 
 
 suasible (swa'si-bl), adj. easily per- 
 suaded. 
 
 suasion ('zhun), n. persuasion. 
 
 suasive ('siv), adj. persuasive. 
 
 suave (swav), adj. pleasant in man- 
 ner. 
 
 suavity (swav'i-ti), n. urbanity; 
 gentleness. 
 
 sub, prefix meaning under, "beneath, 
 below, slightly. 
 
 subacid (sub-as'id), adj. slightly acid. 
 
 subaltern (-awl'tern), n. a commis- 
 sioned officer under the rank of cap- 
 tain : adj. inferior. 
 
 *uh 
 
 subalternate (-ter'nat), adj. succes- 
 sive. 
 
 subdue (-du'), v.t. to overcome or 
 conquer; vanquish; reduce; lower; 
 tone down. 
 
 subjacent (sub-ja'sent), adj. lying 
 under or below; situated lower but 
 not directly beneath. 
 
 subject ('jekt), adj. under the power 
 or control of another; subordinate; 
 disposed ; liable : n. one who is under 
 the power or control of another ; 
 that which is treated in writing, 
 speaking, &c. ; theme; topic; de- 
 sign; a dead body for dissection; 
 substance; material; theme of a 
 proposition: the Ego, as distin- 
 guished from the non-Ego or object; 
 theme of a movement [Music] : v.t. 
 sub- jekt') to bring under the power 
 or control of; render subordinate; 
 enslave; subjugate; render liable; 
 expose. 
 
 subjection (-jek'shun), n. the act of 
 subjecting ; state of being subjected. 
 
 subjective ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
 the subject as opposed to the object ; 
 derived from one's own conscious- 
 
 sub jectively (-li), adv. in a subjec- 
 tive manner. 
 
 subjectiveness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being subjective. Also 
 subjectivity. 
 
 subjectivism ('iv-izm), n. the philo- 
 sophical doctrine that knowledge is 
 relative or purely subjective. 
 
 subjoin (-join'), v.t. to affix. 
 
 subjugate ('jii-gat), v.t. to conquer 
 by force; bring under dominion. 
 
 subjugation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
 of subjugating ; state of being subju- 
 gated. 
 
 subjugator ('ju-ga-ter), n. one who 
 subjugates. 
 
 subjunctive (-jungk'tiv), adj. not- 
 ing a form of the verb expressive of 
 contingency, condition, or hypothe- 
 sis. 
 
 sublimate ('li-mat), v.t. to convert 
 (a solid) by heat into vapor, which 
 on cooling returns to the solid state ; 
 refine and exalt. 
 
 sublimation (-ma'shun), n. the act 
 of sublimating. 
 
 sublime (-lim'), adj. awakening feel- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sub 
 
 ings of awe and reverence; high in 
 place or excellence ; exalted in na- 
 ture ; elevated in manner or style : 
 n. that which is awe-inspiring in 
 works of nature or art as distin- 
 guished from the beautiful (with 
 the) : v.t. to dignify or exalt; ren- 
 der noble : v.i. to be capable of sub- 
 limation. 
 
 sublimely ('li), adv. in a sublime 
 manner. 
 
 sublimity (-lim'i-ti), n. loftiness of 
 style or sentiment ; elevation ; moral 
 grandeur ; excellence. Also sublime- 
 ness. 
 
 submerge (-merj'), v.t. to place un- 
 der water ; overwhelm : v.i. to be, or 
 lie, under water. 
 
 submersion (-mer'shun), n. the act 
 of submerging; state of being sub- 
 merged. Also submergence. 
 
 submission (-mish'un), n. the act of 
 submitting or yielding ; obedience. 
 
 submissive (-mis'iv), adj. yielding 
 to authority ; obedient ; humble. 
 
 submissively (-li), adv. in a submis- 
 sive manner. 
 
 submissiveness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being submissive. 
 
 submit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sub- 
 mitted, p.pr. submitting], to yield to 
 the authority of another ; surren- 
 der ; resign ; refer to judgment or 
 discretion ; comply with : v.i. to be 
 subject; yield. 
 
 submitter ('er), n. one who submits. 
 
 submultiple (-mul'ti-pl), n. a num- 
 ber or quantity which is contained 
 in another a certain number of times 
 exactly, as 4 is the submultiple of 28. 
 
 subordinate (-or'di-nat), adj. infe- 
 rior in rank, value, power, or im- 
 portance : n. one who is inferior to 
 another in rank, &c. : v.t. to place in 
 a lower order; render subject. 
 
 subordinately (-li), adv. in a sub- 
 ordinate manner. 
 
 subordination (-na'shun), n. the 
 act of subordinating or placing in a 
 lower order ; subjection ; state of 
 being subordinate; inferiority of 
 rank, position, &c. 
 
 suborn (-orn'), v.t. to procure or in- 
 duce to commit perjury ; procure by 
 indirect means or by secret collu- 
 sion. 
 
 sub 
 
 subornation (-6r-na'shun), n. the 
 act of inducing a person to commit 
 perjury by bribes or persuasion. 
 
 subpoena (-pe'na), n. a writ com- 
 manding the attendance of a person 
 in court as a witness under a pen- 
 alty : v.t. to serve with a subpoena. 
 
 subscribe (-skrlb'), v.t. to write or 
 annex (one's name) to a paper or 
 document; give or promise (a sum 
 of money) for some object by writ- 
 ing one's name; publish (a book) 
 by subscription : v.i. to give consent. 
 
 subscription (-skrip'shun), n. the 
 act of subscribing ; name subscribed ; 
 signature ; sum of money subscribed. 
 
 subsequence ('se-kwens), n. the act 
 or state of being subsequent. 
 
 subsequent ('se-kwent), adj. follow- 
 ing or coming after in time or or- 
 der ; posterior. 
 
 subserve (-serv'), v.t. to be subservi- 
 ent to ; promote ; serve instrumen- 
 tal^. 
 
 subsesqui, prefix, meaning combina- 
 tion in the proportion of two to 
 three. 
 
 subsessile (-ses'il), adj. having very 
 short foot-stalks. 
 
 subside (-sid'), v.i. to sink or fall to 
 the bottom ; tend downwards ; set- 
 tle ; abate ; become tranquil or calm. 
 
 subsidence ('ens), n. the act of sub- 
 siding or sinking down ; downward 
 tendency. 
 
 subsidiarily (-sid'i-a-ri-li), adv. so 
 as to assist. 
 
 subsidiary ('i-a-ri), udj. auxiliary; 
 furnishing additional supplies : n. an 
 auxiliary. 
 
 subsidize ('si-diz), v.t. to furnish 
 with a subsidy. 
 
 subsidy ('si-di), n. [pi. subsidies 
 (-diz)], pecuniary aid granted by 
 one government to another, especial- 
 ly for war expenses ; public grant or 
 subvention to aid an enterprise for 
 the public convenience. 
 
 subsist (-sisf), v.i. to have exist- 
 ence ; to retain the present state ; 
 inhere ; have the means of livelihood. 
 
 subsistence ('ens), n. means of sup- 
 port ; maintenance ; livelihood ; in- 
 herence. , 
 
 substance ('stans), n. matter or ma- 
 terial ; characteristic and essential 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 D. 50. book ; hue, but ; think, then. 
 
sub 
 
 part of anything ; purport ; wealth 
 or property. 
 
 substantial (-stan'shal), adj. be- 
 longing to, or having, substance ; 
 containing the essential parts ; solid ; 
 material ; corporeal ; having consid- 
 erable wealth or property : n.pl. es- 
 sential parts. 
 
 substantially (-H), adv. in a sub- 
 stantial manner ; essentially. 
 
 substantiate ('shi-at), v.t. to estab- 
 lish the truth of by proof or compe- 
 tent evidence. 
 
 substantival (-stan-ti'val), adj. per- 
 taining to, or of the nature of, a 
 substantive. 
 
 substantive ('stim-tiv), adj. express- 
 ing existence ; real ; essential : n. 
 that part of speech which expresses 
 the existence of anything material 
 or immaterial ; noun. 
 
 substantively (-li), adv. in a sub- 
 stantive maner; essentially; as a 
 substantive or noun. 
 
 substitute ('sti-tut), v.t. to put in 
 the place of another ; change : n. one 
 who, or that which, is put in the 
 place of another. 
 
 substitution (-tu'shun), n. the act 
 of substituting ; state of being sub- 
 stituted. 
 
 subsume (-sum'), v.t. to include un- 
 der a more general class or under 
 something else. 
 
 subtangent (-tan'jent), n. the part 
 of the axis of a curve intercepted 
 between the tangent and the ordi- 
 nate. 
 
 subtend (-tend'), v.t. to extend un- 
 der or be opposite to. 
 
 subter, a prefix meaning under. 
 
 subterfuge ('ter-fuj), n. an evasion 
 or artifice ; trick ; shift. 
 
 subterranean (-ra'ne-an), adj. be- 
 low the surface or beneath the earth. 
 Also subterraneous. 
 
 subtile (sub'til or sut'l), adj. thin; 
 delicately constructed ; fine ; deli- 
 cate ; refined ; acute ; cunning ; art- 
 ful. 
 
 subtilely (-li), adv. in a subtile man- 
 ner. 
 
 subtileness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being subtile. Also sub- 
 tility. 
 
 subtle (sut'l), adj. artful; insinuat- 
 ing ; crafty. 
 
 subtlety (-ti), n. acuteness of intel- 
 lect ; cunning ; shrewdness. Subtle- 
 ness. 
 
 subtract (-trakf), v.t. to withdraw 
 or take away, as a part from a 
 whole ; deduct. 
 
 subtraction (-trak'shun), n. the act 
 of subtracting. 
 
 subtr active ('tiv), adj. tending, or 
 having power, to subtract. 
 
 subtrahend ('tra-hend) , n. the quan- 
 tity or number to be subtracted from 
 another. 
 
 subtriple (-trip'l), adj. containing a 
 third. 
 
 subulate (su'bu-lat), adj. awl-shaped. 
 
 suburb (sub'erb), n. an outlying dis- 
 trict of a city or town ; environs 
 (usually pi.). 
 
 suburban (-er'ban), adj. pertaining 
 to, in, or living within, the suburbs. 
 
 subvention (-ven'shun), n. a gov- 
 ernment grant or subsidy. 
 
 subversion (-ver'shun), n. the act of 
 subverting ; overthrow ; ruin. 
 
 subversive ('siv), adj. tending to 
 subvert. 
 
 subvert (-vert'), v.t. to turn upside 
 down; ruin; overthrow; corrupt. 
 
 subvertible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
 being subverted. 
 
 subway ,('.wa), n. an underground 
 passage. 
 
 sue, another form of sub. 
 
 succeed (suk-sed'), v.t. to take the 
 place of ; follow : v.i. to follow in 
 order ; obtain one's wishes ; be suc- 
 cessful ; accomplish something at- 
 tempted ; end with advantage ; pros- 
 per. 
 
 success (-ses'), n. the prosperous ter- 
 mination of any enterprise ; pros- 
 perity. 
 
 successful (-fool), adj. ending in suc- 
 cess ; prosperous ; fortunate. 
 
 successfully (-li), adv. in a success- 
 ful manner. 
 
 succession ( 'shun ) , n. the act of fol- 
 lowing in order ; lineage ; act or right 
 of coming in the place of another ; 
 rotation, as of crops. 
 
 successional (-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or implying, succession ; consecu- 
 tive. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sue 
 
 successive ('iv), adj. following in 
 uninterrupted order ; legitimate ; 
 consecutive. 
 
 successively (-li), adv. consecutive- 
 ly. 
 
 successor ('er), n. one who succeeds 
 or follows in the place or character 
 of another. 
 
 succinct (-singkt'), adj. tersely ex- 
 pressed. 
 
 succor ('er), v.t. to help or relieve 
 when in difficulty or distress ; aid : 
 n. relief; aid. 
 
 succotash. ('6-tash) , n. a dish of green 
 maize and beans boiled together. 
 
 succula ('u-la), n. an axis or cylin- 
 der without a drum, with staves to 
 move it round. 
 
 succulence ('u-lens), n. juiciness. 
 
 succulent ('ti-lent), adj. juicy: said 
 of plants replete with juices. 
 
 succumb (-kum'), v.i. to yield; sub- 
 mit. 
 
 succursal (-ker'sal), adj. annexed 
 and assistant, as a chapel of ease. 
 
 such (such), adj. the same that, or as 
 referred to ; denoting a particular 
 person or thing ; certain ; very great. 
 
 suck (suk), v.t. to draw in with the 
 mouth : v.i. to draw milk from the 
 breast : n. the act of sucking ; milk 
 drawn from the breast. 
 
 sucker ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, sucks ; piston of a pump ; a 
 tube through which anything is 
 drawn; shoot of a plant from the 
 lower part of the stem ; a sweet. 
 
 sucking ('ing), adj. drawing with 
 the mouth or with an instrument ; 
 very young. 
 
 suckle ( '1 ) , v.t. to nurse at the breast. 
 
 suckling ('ling), n. an unweaned 
 child or animal. 
 
 sucrose (su'kros), n. cane-sugar. 
 
 suction (suk'shun), n. the act or pro- 
 cess of sucking ; act of drawing 
 fluids by the removal of the atmos- 
 pheric pressure. 
 
 suctorial (-to'ri-al), adj. adapted to, 
 or living by, sucking. 
 
 sudarium (su-da'ri-um), n. the cloth 
 on which Christ is said to have mi- 
 raculously impressed his image when 
 He wiped his face with it on the 
 way to Calvary. 
 
 suf 
 
 sudation ('shun), n. the act of sweat- 
 ing. 
 
 sudatorium (-to'ri-um), n. a sweat- 
 ing-bath. 
 
 sudden (sud'n), adj. happening un- 
 expectedly ; instantaneous ; without 
 notice ; quick. 
 
 sudoriferous (su-dor-if'er-us), adj. 
 secreting perspiration. 
 
 sudorific (-if'ik), adj. causing per- 
 spiration : n. a medicine producing 
 such an effect. 
 
 Sudra (soo'dra), n. the lowest of the 
 four great castes into which the 
 Hindus are divided. Also Soodra. 
 
 suds (sudz), n.pl. soapy water. 
 
 sudsy (sud'zi), adj. like suds. 
 
 sue (su), v.t. to prosecute at law: v.i. 
 to entreat ; beg ; petition ; pay court ; 
 institute legal proceedings (with 
 for). 
 
 suet ('et), n. the hard fat around the 
 kidneys and loins of sheep and oxen. 
 
 suffer (suf'er), v.t. to feel with a 
 sense of pain ; undergo ; bear ; be af- 
 fected by ; allow ; tolerate : v.i. to 
 feel pain or punishment ; be in dis- 
 tress ; endure loss or injury. 
 
 suffer able (-a-bl), adj. that may be 
 allowed or tolerated ; permissible. 
 
 sufferance (-fer'ans), n. patience 
 under pain ; toleration ; negative 
 consent ; permission. 
 
 suffering ('ing), n. the state of en- 
 during physical or mental pain ; dis- 
 tress ; loss or injury endured. 
 
 suffice (-is'), v.i. to be sufficient: v.t. 
 to satisfy. 
 
 sufficiency (-ish'en-si), n. the state 
 or quality of being sufficient ; com- 
 petence ; self-confidence ; conceit. 
 
 sufficient ('ent), adj. equal to any 
 end or purpose ; adequate ; compe- 
 tent. 
 
 suffix ('iks), n. a letter or syllable 
 added at the end of a word ; affix : 
 v.t. (suf-iks') to add, as a letter or 
 syllable at the end of a word. 
 
 suffocate ('o-kat), v.t. to choke by 
 stopping respiration ; smother ; stifle. 
 
 suffocation (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
 suffocating ; state of being suffo- 
 cated. 
 
 suffrage ('raj), n. vote, or right to 
 vote ; franchise ; voice or vote given 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
snf 
 
 Sill 
 
 on a controverted subject : pi. united 
 prayer of a congregation. 
 
 suffuse (-fuz'), v.t. to spread over as 
 with a fluid or a color. 
 
 suffusion (-fu'zhun), n. the act of 
 suffusing ; state of being suffused. 
 
 sugar (shoog'er), n. a sweet crystal- 
 
 , line substance obtained from the 
 sugar-cane, beet, &c. ; any substance 
 resembling sugar ; flattery : adj. per- 
 taining to, like, made of, or yield- 
 ing, sugar ; sweet : v.t. to sprinkle or 
 mix with sugar ; sweeten ; flatter. 
 
 sugariness ( 'er-i-nes ) , n. the state 
 or quality of being sweet or like 
 sugar. 
 
 sugary ('er-i), adj. like, composed of, 
 or fond of, sugar ; sweet. 
 
 suggest (sug-jesf or suj-est'), v.t. to 
 introduce indirectly to the mind or 
 thoughts ; hint ; insinuate ; allude or 
 refer to : v.i. to make suggestions. 
 
 suggestion (-jes'chun), n. the act of 
 suggesting ; thing suggested ; hint. 
 
 suggestive ( 'ti v ) , adj. containing, or 
 full of, suggestion. 
 
 suggestively (-li), adv. by way of 
 suggestion. 
 
 suicidal (su'i-sid-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or partaking of, suicide ; fatal to 
 one's own interests. 
 
 suicidally (-i), adv. in a suicidal 
 manner. 
 
 suicide ('i-sld), n. a person who kills 
 himself ; self-murder ; ruin of one's 
 own interests. 
 
 suint (swint), n. a peculiar fatty sub- 
 stance obtained from sheep's wool. 
 
 suit (sfit), n. a set of things corre- 
 spondent to each other, as of the 
 same kind ; petition or prayer ; 
 courtship ; one of four sets of a pack 
 of cards : an action or process at 
 law for the recovery of a right or 
 claim : v.t. to be fitted to ; fall in 
 with ; accommodate ; please : v.i. to 
 correspond or accord ; agree. 
 
 suitability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being suitable. Also 
 suitableness. 
 
 suitable ('a-bl), adj. fitting; appro- 
 priate. 
 
 suitably ('a-bli), adv. in a suitable 
 manner. 
 
 suite (swet), n. a retinue or compa- 
 
 ny ; series ; set, as of rooms, furni- 
 ture, &c. 
 
 suitor (sut'er), n. a petitioner; sup- 
 plicant ; loverj party to a lawsuit. 
 
 sulcate (sul'kat), adj. grooved. 
 
 sulk (sulk), v.i. to be sulky. 
 
 sulkily ('i-li), adv. in a sulky man- 
 ner. 
 
 sulkiness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing sulky. 
 
 sulky ('i), adj. [comp. sulkier, su- 
 perl, sulkiest], silently sullen: n. a 
 kind of two-wheeled carriage. 
 
 sullen (sul'en), adj. morosely silent; 
 gloomily angry ; dismal ; heavy. 
 
 sully ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sullied, 
 p.pr. sullying], to tarnish or soil; 
 dirty ; stain : n. a tarnish or stain. 
 
 sulpkate ('fat), n. a salt of sulphu- 
 ric acid. 
 
 sulpkide ('fid), n. a compound of 
 sulphur with a metal or other ele- 
 ment. 
 
 sulphite ('fit), n. a salt of sulphur- 
 ous acid. 
 
 sulphur ('fer), n. a non-metallic ele- 
 ment, brittle and of a yellow color, 
 insoluble in water, but fusible by 
 heat. 
 
 sulphurate (-at), v.t. to combine 
 with, or subject to the action of, 
 sulphur : adj. pertaining to, or of 
 the color of, sulphur. 
 
 sulphurator ('fer-a-ter), n. an ap- 
 paratus for bleaching by the fumes 
 of sulphur. 
 
 sulphureous (-fu're-us), adj. con- 
 sisting of, impregnated with, or hav- 
 ing the qualities of, sulphur. Also 
 sulphurous. 
 
 sulphuret, same as sulphide. 
 
 sulphuretted ('fu-ret-ed), adj. com- 
 bined with sulphur. 
 
 sulphuric (-fu'rik), adj. obtained 
 from, or containing, sulphur. 
 
 sulphuric acid (as'id), n. a heavy, 
 corrosive liquid composed of sul- 
 phur, oxygen, and water; oil of 
 vitriol. 
 
 sulphurous acid ('fii-rus as'id), n. 
 an acid composed of 2 parts of oxy- 
 gen and 2 parts of sulphur. 
 
 sulphury ('fer-i), adj. Uke sulphur. 
 
 sultan ('tan), n. the title of a Mo- 
 hammedan sovereign, especially the 
 
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 at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
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sul 
 
 sup 
 
 sovereign of the Ottoman Empire. 
 Feminine sultana. 
 
 sultanate ('tan-at), n. the rule or 
 dominion of a sultan. 
 
 sultansliip ('tan-ship), n. the office, 
 rank, or dignity of a sultan. 
 
 sultrily ('tri-li), adv. oppressively. 
 
 sultriness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being sultry. 
 
 sultry ('tri), adj. [comp. sultrier, 
 superl. sultriest], very hot, close, 
 and oppressive ; close and heavy 
 with a moist heat. 
 
 sum (sum), n. the aggregate of two 
 or more things taken together ; 
 whole ; total ; quantity of money ; 
 substance ; compendium ; utmost de- 
 gree ; arithmetical problem for solu- 
 tion : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. summed, p.pr. 
 summing], to add into one amount; 
 condense into few words. 
 
 sumac (su'mak), n. a plant or shrub 
 the dried leaves and roots of which 
 are used in tanning, dyeing, and 
 medicine. 
 
 summarily (sum'a-ri-li), adv. in a 
 short way or method ; concisely. 
 
 summarize ('a-riz), v.t. to state con- 
 cisely. 
 
 summary ('a-ri), adj. brief; laconic; 
 compendious ; done in a short way 
 or method : n. an abridgment ; com- 
 pendium. 
 
 summation (-a/shun), n. the act of 
 forming a total ; aggregate. 
 
 summer ('er), n. that part of the 
 year which comprises the hottest 
 months, June, July, and August ; a 
 large piece of timber to receive the 
 ends of the joists ; horizontal girder : 
 v.i. to pass the summer : v.t. to feed 
 or keep during the summer. 
 
 summit ('it), n. the top or highest 
 point. 
 
 summon ('un), v.t. to cite or call by 
 authority ; command to appear in 
 court ; invite ; rouse to exertion : 
 n.pl. a citation to appear in court on 
 a certain day ; document containing 
 such a citation ; authoritative call. 
 
 sumpit (sum'pit), n. the poisoned ar- 
 row used with a sumpitan. 
 
 sumpitan ('pi-tan), n. a kind of long 
 blowpipe, used by the Malays. 
 
 sumptuary (sump'tu-a-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to, or regulating, expense. 
 
 sumptuary laws (lawz), n.pl. laws 
 to limit excessive expenditure on 
 dress or other luxuries. 
 
 sumptuous ( 'tu-us ) , adj. expensive ; 
 costly ; luxurious ; magificent. 
 
 sun (sun), n. the luminous body 
 around which the earth, and other 
 planets, &c, of the solar system re- 
 volve : the source of light and heat 
 to the earth ; any center of a system 
 of worlds ; anything like the sun in 
 splendor or power ; sunshine : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. sunned, p.pr. sunning], 
 to expose to the sun's rays ; warm 
 or dry in the sun. 
 
 Sunday ('da), n. the first day of the 
 week, the Christian Sabbath, or 
 Lord's Day : adj. pertaining to Sun- 
 day. 
 
 sunder (Mer), v.t. to divide or rend. 
 
 sundew ('du), n. a plant of the 
 genus Drosera, whose leaves secrete 
 a dew-like viscid fluid. 
 
 sundries ('driz), n.pl. numerous 
 small or miscellaneous articles or 
 matters. 
 
 sundry ( 'dri ) , adj. various ; several. 
 
 sung, p.p. of sing. 
 
 sunk, p.t. & p.p. of sink. 
 
 sunken (sungk'en), adj. lying on the 
 bottom of the sea ; fallen or pressed 
 down. 
 
 sunn (sun), n. an East Indian plant, 
 the fiber of which is used as a sub- 
 stitute for hemp. 
 
 Sunna ('a), n. a collection of oral 
 laws and precepts of Mohammed 
 handed down by tradition, and es- 
 teemed as of equal value with the 
 Koran by the Sunnites. 
 
 sunniness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being sunny. 
 
 Sunnites ('Its), n.pl. the orthodox 
 Mohammedans who regard the Sun- 
 na as equally binding with the Ko- 
 ran. 
 
 sunny ('i), adj. pertaining to, like, 
 proceeding from, or exposed to, the 
 sun ; bright ; warm ; cheerful. 
 
 sunshine ('shin), n. the light or rays 
 of the sun ; warmth ; brightness. 
 
 sunstroke ('strok), n. a kind of 
 apoplexy, caused by the intense heat 
 of the sun's rays. 
 
 sun-up ('up), n. sunrise. 
 
 sup (sup), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. supped, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
•lip 
 
 p.pr. supping], to take into^ the 
 mouth with the lips ; sip : v.i. to 
 take supper : n. a small mouthful, as 
 of a liquid ; sip. 
 
 super, prefix meaning over, above, be- 
 yond, in excess. 
 
 superannuate (su-per-an'u-at), v.t. 
 to pension on account of old age or 
 infirmity. 
 
 superannuation (-u-a'shun), n. the 
 state of being superannuated ; pen- 
 sion granted to one who is superan- 
 nuated. 
 
 superb (sfi-perb'), adj. grand; proud; 
 stately ; elegant ; first-rate ; sumptu- 
 ous. 
 
 supercargo (su-per-kar'go), n. a per- 
 son or officer in a merchant vessel 
 who superintends the cargo and 
 commercial affairs of a ship during 
 its voyage. 
 
 superciliary (-sil'i-a-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to, or situated above, the 
 eyebrow. 
 
 supercilious ('i-us), adj. haughty; 
 proud ; disdainful ; dictatorial ; over- 
 bearing. 
 
 supercilium (-siri-um), n. the eye- 
 brow. 
 
 supererogation (-er-o-ga'shun), n. 
 the performance of more than is re- 
 quired by duty. 
 
 supererogatory (-e-rog'a-to-ri) , adj. 
 performed beyond what is required 
 by duty. 
 
 superficial (-fish'al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or being on the surface ; slight ; 
 not deep ; unlearned. 
 
 superficiality (-i-al'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being superficial ; 
 slight knowledge. Also superficial- 
 ness. 
 
 superficies (-fish'i-ez), n. superficial 
 area or exterior face of a body. 
 
 superfluity (-floo'i-ti), n. [pi. super- 
 fluities (-tiz)], superabundance; ex- 
 cess. 
 
 superfluous ('floo-us), adj. more 
 than enough or necessary ; ^excessive. 
 
 superfrontal (-fron'tal), * n. that 
 part of an altar-cloth which hangs 
 over the frontal. 
 
 superheat (-hef), v.t. to heat to an 
 extreme degree; heat (steam) until 
 it resembles a perfect gas. 
 
 superinduce (-in-dus'), v.t. to bring 
 
 sup 
 
 in or upon as an addition to some- 
 thing else ; superadd. 
 
 superintend (-in-tend'), v.t. to have, 
 or exercise the charge or oversight 
 of ; direct or control. 
 
 superintendence (-ten'dens), n. su- 
 pervision ; oversight ; control. 
 
 superintendent ('dent), n. one who 
 superintends ; overseer. 
 
 superior ( su-pe'ri-or ) , adj. higher or 
 above in place, position, rank, dig- 
 nity, office, or excellence ; stronger ; 
 surpassing others ; unconquered ; 
 preferable ; beyond the power or in- 
 fluence of ; placed above another or- 
 gan : n. one who is superior to oth- 
 ers ; one of higher rank or position ; 
 head of a religious house. 
 
 superiority (-i-or'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being superior ; preemi- 
 nence ; advantage. 
 
 superlative (-per'la-tiv), adj. supe- 
 rior to all others ; highest in degree : 
 n. a word expressing the highest de- 
 gree of anything. 
 
 superlatively (-li), adv. in a super- 
 lative manner. 
 
 superlativeness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being superlative. 
 
 supernal ('nal), adj. pertaining to, 
 or situated in, a higher place or re- 
 gion ; celestial. 
 
 supernatural (-nat'u-ral), adj. be- 
 yond, or exceeding, the powers or 
 laws of nature. 
 
 super naturalism (-izm), n. the 
 state or quality of being supernatu- 
 ral ; the doctrine that revelation is 
 the only means by which man ac- 
 quires the knowledge of God. 
 
 super naturalist (-ist), n. one who 
 believes in the doctrine of supernat- 
 uralism. 
 
 supernaturally (-li), adv. in a su- 
 pernatural manner. 
 
 supernumerary (-num'er-a-ri), n. 
 [pi. supernumeraries (-riz)], a per- 
 son or thing beyond the stated or 
 required number : adj. exceeding the 
 number stated or required. 
 
 superphosphate (-fos'fat), n. a 
 phosphate containing the greatest 
 quantity of phosphoric acid capable 
 of entering into combination with 
 the base. 
 
 superroyal (-roi'al), adj. noting a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sup 
 
 size of paper larger than royal, 27% 
 X 20i/> in. 
 
 superscribe (-skrib'), v.t. to write 
 or inscribe, or engrave on the out- 
 side or top. 
 
 superscription (-skrip'shun), n. the 
 act of superscribing; the address or 
 direction. 
 
 supersede (-sed'), v.t. to set aside or 
 render null and void by superior 
 power ; come into, or take, the place 
 of. 
 
 superstition (-stisb/un), n. rever- 
 ence for, and belief in, the super- 
 natural, or objects which are not 
 worthy of worship ; false worship or 
 religion ; extreme observance of re- 
 ligious rites or ceremonies. 
 
 superstitious ('us), adj. pertaining 
 to, characterized by, proceeding 
 from, or addicted to superstition ; 
 overscrupulous and extreme in re- 
 ligious rites or ceremonies. 
 
 superstructure (-struk'tur), n. any- 
 thing built or founded on something 
 else; a building. 
 
 supertonic (-ton'ik), n. in music, the 
 note next above the keynote. 
 
 supervene (-ven'), v.i. to come upon 
 as something extraneous ; occur. 
 
 supervise (-viz'), v.t. to oversee. 
 
 supervision (-vish'un), n. the act of 
 supervising ; superintendence. 
 
 supervisor (-viz'er), n. an overseer. 
 
 supervisory (-vi'zo-ri), adj. exercis- 
 ing supervision. 
 
 supine (sii-pin'), adj. lying on the 
 back ; indolent ; careless ; inatten- 
 tive ; negligent : n. a Latin verbal 
 noun, ending in um, and u. 
 
 supinely ('li), adv. in a supine man- 
 ner. 
 
 supineness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being supine. 
 
 supper (sup'er), n. the evening meal. 
 
 supplant (-plant'), v.t. to displace 
 and take the place of, as by craft ; 
 supersede. 
 
 supple ('1), adj. flexible; yielding; 
 servile : v.t. to make supple : v.i. to 
 grow pliant. 
 
 supplement ('le-ment), v.t. to add 
 something to ; fill up or supply : n. 
 something added to render anything 
 more complete or supply defects or 
 errors ; appendix ; the quantity by 
 
 sup 
 
 which an arc or angle falls short of 
 a semicircle. 
 
 supplemental (-men'tal), adj. serv- 
 ing as a supplement ; additional. 
 Supplementary. 
 
 suppleness (sup'1-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being supple; pliancy. 
 
 suppliant (sup'li-ant), adj. beseech- 
 ing ; entreating ; suing : n. one who 
 supplicates ; humble petitioner. Also 
 supplicant. 
 
 supplicate (-kat), v.t. to ask or beg 
 humbly and. earnestly; address in 
 prayer ; beseech ; implore. 
 
 supplication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
 of supplicating ; humble and earnest 
 prayer or entreaty. 
 
 supplicatory ('li-ka-to-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to, containing, or of the na- 
 ture of, supplication. 
 
 supplier (-H'er), n. one who, or that 
 which, supplies. 
 
 supply (-11'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sup- 
 plied, p.pr. supplying], to furnish 
 with what is required ; provide ; 
 serve instead of ; fill : n. [pi. supplies 
 (-liz')], the act of supplying; thing 
 supplied; amount of money or food 
 required for daily necessaries, as of 
 an army, &c. (usually pi.). 
 
 support (-port'), v.t. to sustain; 
 bear up ; endure ; uphold ; favor ; 
 second ; incur ; carry on ; provide 
 for or nourish : n. the act of sup- 
 porting ; that which supports ; main- 
 tenance ; livelihood ; aid. 
 
 suppose (-poz'), v.t. to imagine; ad- 
 mit without proof ; assume as true ; 
 think. 
 
 supposition (-po-zish'un), n. the act 
 of supposing ; thing supposed ; as- 
 sumption. 
 
 supposititious (-poz-i-tish'us), adj. 
 supposed or imaginary ; not genuine ; 
 counterfeit. 
 
 suppository (-poz'i-to-ri), n. a med- 
 icated mass, usually in the form of 
 a cone, for introduction into some 
 cavity of the body, where it dis- 
 solves. 
 
 suppress (-pres'), v.t. to subdue; 
 crush ; keep in or down ; quell ; con- 
 ceal ; restrain the publication of ; 
 arrest the normal secretions of. 
 
 suppression (-presh'un), n. the act 
 
 6te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sup 
 
 sur 
 
 of suppressing; stoppage; conceal- 
 ment ; omission. 
 
 suppressive (-pres'iv), adj. tending 
 to suppress. 
 
 suppressor ('er), n. one who sup- 
 presses. 
 
 suppurate ('ti-rat), v.i. to generate 
 pus. 
 
 suppuration (-ra'shun), n. the act 
 of generating pus ; pus generated in 
 a sore. 
 
 suppurative ('ti-ra-tiv), adj. tending 
 to produce, or accompanied by, sup- 
 puration : n. a medicine to promote 
 suppuration. 
 
 supra, a prefix meaning above, be- 
 yond, over, as swpralapsarian. 
 
 supremacy (su-prem'a-si), n. the 
 state or quality of being supreme; 
 highest authority. 
 
 supreme (-prem'), adj. highest in 
 power or authority ; most excellent ; 
 extreme ; utmost. 
 
 supremely ('li), adv. in a supreme 
 manner. 
 
 sur, a prefix, meaning over, beyond, 
 above, upon, as surcharge (ser- 
 charj'), n. an excessive charge, load, 
 or burden ; an overcharge beyond 
 what is just and right : v.t. to charge 
 more than is due ; overload. 
 
 sur all (soo'ra), n. a soft, twilled silk 
 fabric. 
 
 sur at (soo-rat'), n. a kind of short 
 coarse cotton. 
 
 surbase (ser'bas), n. a cornice, or 
 series of moldings, on the top of the 
 base of a pedestal, &c. 
 
 surcingle ('sing-gl), n. a girth, belt, 
 or girdle for passing around the body 
 of a horse and securing the saddle 
 or some burden, &c. ; girdle of a 
 cassock. 
 
 sur coat ('kot), n. a coat worn over 
 another coat or garment. 
 
 surd (serd), n. a mathematical 
 quantity that cannot be expressed 
 by rational numbers, or has no root, 
 as -$/% : adj. not expressible by ra- 
 tional numbers ; involving surds ; 
 uttered with the breath. 
 
 sure (shoor), adj. fit to be depended 
 upon ; certain ; reliable ; infallible ; 
 firm ; safe : adv. certainly ; securely. 
 
 surely ( 'li ) , adv. certainly ; without 
 risk, hazard, or doubt. 
 
 sureness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being sure ; certainty. 
 
 surety ('ti), n. [pi. sureties ('tiz)], 
 certainty; security against loss or 
 damage ; guarantee ; hostage ; one 
 who becomes jointly bound with an- 
 other; bail. 
 
 suretyship (-ship), n. the state of 
 being surety; obligation of being 
 bound to answer for another. 
 
 surf (serf), n. the swell of the sea 
 that breaks and foams upon the 
 shore or the rocks. 
 
 surface (ser'fas), n. the exterior part 
 or upper face of anything; super- 
 ficies ; outside. 
 
 surf -boat (serf'bot), n. a strong, 
 light boat for landing through the 
 surf. 
 
 surfeit (ser'fit), n. excess in eating 
 or drinking ; sickness caused by such 
 excess : v.t. to feed to excess and 
 sickness. 
 
 surf -man (serf 'man), n. a boatman 
 of a surf-boat. 
 
 surfy ('i), adj. covered with surf. 
 
 surge (serj), n. a large wave or bil- 
 low; great roll; swell: v.i. to roll 
 or rise high. 
 
 surgeon (ser'jun), n. a medical prac- 
 titioner, especially one who prac- 
 tices surgery. 
 
 surgeoncy (-si), n. the post of a sur- 
 geon in the army or navy. 
 
 surgery ('jer-i), n, the act and art of 
 treating injuries or diseases by man- 
 ual operations; place where a sur- 
 geon operates or keeps his medi- 
 cines. 
 
 surlily (ser'li-li), adv. in a surly 
 manner. 
 
 surliness ('i-nes), n. surly behavior. 
 
 surly ('li), adj. [comp. surlier, su- 
 perl, surliest], gloomily morose; 
 rough; uncivil; churlish; snarling; 
 ill-natured. 
 
 surmise (-miz'), n. guess or conjec- 
 ture ; suspicion : v.t. to imagine 
 without certain knowledge ; suspect ; 
 conjecture; fancy. 
 
 surmount (-mount'), v.t. to rise 
 above; overcome; conquer; van- 
 quish ; exceed. 
 
 surname ('nam), n. a name added to 
 the baptismal names ; family name : 
 v.t. to give the family name to. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
■ur 
 
 surpass (-pas'), v.t. to exceed; ex- 
 cel ; go beyond in excellence or bad- 
 ness. 
 
 surplice ('plis), n. the outer linen 
 vestment with wide sleeves, worn by 
 the officiating clergy and choristers 
 of the Roman Catholic and Angli- 
 can Churches. 
 
 surplus ('plus), n. that which re- 
 mains over and above what is re- 
 quired ; excess : adj. exceeding what 
 is required. 
 
 surprise (-priiz'), n. the act of taking 
 unawares ; astonishment ; sudden 
 emotion, confusion, or perplexity : 
 v.t. to take unawares ; confuse or 
 perplex; assail unexpectedly; aston- 
 ish. 
 
 surprise party ('par-ti), n. a party 
 who visit the house of a mutual 
 friend unexpectedly, each bringing 
 some article of food for supper. 
 
 surprising (-prlz'ing), adj. causing 
 surprise or astonishment ; extraor- 
 dinary. 
 
 surrender (-ren'der), v.t. to yield to 
 the power of another ; give up on 
 compulsion; cede; resign: v.t. to 
 yield ; give up one's self into the 
 power of another : n. the act of 
 yielding into the power or possession 
 of another ; a yielding or giving up. 
 
 surreptitious (-rep-tish'us), adj. 
 done by stealth or fraud ; unauthor- 
 ized. 
 
 surrogate (sur'o-gat), n. the deputy 
 of a bishop, who is authorized to 
 issue marriage licenses. 
 
 surround (-round'), v.t. to enclose 
 on all sides ; encompass ; environ ; 
 invest : n. a precipitous place where 
 animals are surrounded and driven 
 over and captured. 
 
 surroyal (-roi'al), n. the crown ant- 
 ler of a stag. 
 
 surtax (ser'taks), n. an additional 
 tax: v.t. (ser-taks') to impose a 
 surtax on. 
 
 surtout (-too'), n. a wide-skirted 
 coat reaching below the knees. 
 
 surveillance (val'yans), n. watch; 
 oversight ; inspection. 
 
 survey (-va'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sur- 
 veyed, p.pr. surveying], to inspect or 
 take a view of ; overlook ; examine ; 
 measure and estimate, as land : n. 
 
 (ser'va), the act of surveying; par- 
 ticular view or examination ; cus- 
 toms district. 
 
 surveying ('ing), n. the art or busi- 
 ness of measuring land. 
 
 surveyor ('er), n. one who surveys; 
 one whose business it is to measure 
 land. 
 
 survival (-vi'val), n. continuance 
 beyond the life of another ; any an- 
 cient use, custom, or belief continu- 
 ing to the present day. 
 
 survive (-viv'), v.t. to live longer 
 than ; outlive : v.i. to remain alive. 
 
 survivor ('er), n. one who outlives 
 another ; the longer-lived of two 
 joint tenants, &c. 
 
 survivorship (-ship), n. the state of 
 outliving another ; a reversionary 
 benefit contingent upon some sur- 
 viving life. 
 
 sus, prefix, another form of sub. 
 
 susceptibility ( sus-sept-i-bil'i-ti ) , n. 
 the state or quality of being suscept- 
 ible ; impressibility ; sensibility ; ca- 
 pability. Also susceptibleness. 
 
 susceptible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
 admitting something additional, or 
 any change, influence, affection, &c. ; 
 easily acted upon ; impressible. Also 
 susceptive. 
 
 susceptibly ('i-bli), adv. in a sus- 
 ceptible manner. 
 
 suslik ('lik), n. a squirrel-like ro- 
 dent. 
 
 suspect (-pekf), v.t. to have a sus- 
 picion of ; imagine to exist ; conjec- 
 ture; mistrust: n. (sus'pekt) a per- 
 son suspected to be guilty of some 
 crime. , 
 
 suspend (-pend'), v.t. to make to 
 hang by anything ; delay ; inter- 
 rupt ; cause to cease for a time ; 
 debar temporarily. 
 
 suspender ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, suspends : pi. braces. 
 
 suspense (-pens'), n. a state of un- 
 certainty, doubt, or anxiety; inde- 
 cision ; act of withholding the judg- 
 ment; temporary cessation of a 
 man's right. 
 
 suspensible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
 being suspended, or held from sink- 
 ing. 
 
 suspension (-pen'shun), n. the act 
 of suspending; state of being sus- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
sus 
 
 swa 
 
 pended ; a keeping in doubt ; uncer- 
 tainty ; delay ; interruption ; tempo- 
 rary privation of power, office, priv- 
 ilege, or rights ; continuation of a 
 note from one chord to another 
 [Music]. 
 
 suspensor ('ser), n. something that 
 suspends ; a suspensory. 
 
 suspensory ('so-ri), adj. that sus- 
 pends : n. a suspensory band, or 
 pouch. 
 
 suspicion (-pish'un), n. the act of 
 suspecting ; distrust ; want of con- 
 fidence; imagination of something 
 wrong on slight or insufficient proof ; 
 hint ; very small quantity. 
 
 suspicious ('us), adj. full of, in- 
 clined to, or cherishing, suspicion; 
 open to, or exciting, suspicion ; 
 doubtful. 
 
 sustain (-tan'), v.t. to hold up or 
 support ; maintain ; keep ; support ; 
 nourish ; bear ; endure ; strengthen. 
 
 sustained (-tand'), adj. maintained 
 at a certain pitch or level ; uniform. 
 
 sustenance ('ten-ans), n. that which 
 supports life ; food ; maintenance or 
 support. 
 
 sustentation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
 of sustaining; support or mainte- 
 nance. 
 
 sutler (sut'ler), n. a person who fol- 
 lows an army and sells provisions, 
 liquor, &c, to the troops. 
 
 Sutras (soo'traz), n.pl. certain apho- 
 risms summarizing the teaching of 
 the Brahmans, and giving the es- 
 sence of their doctrines in short, 
 connected sentences. 
 
 suttee (sut-e'), n. a Hindu widow 
 who immolates herself on the funer- 
 al pile of her deceased husband ; a 
 form of widow sacrifice, formerly 
 common among the Hindus, in 
 which the wife was burnt with her 
 deceased husband on his funeral 
 pile. 
 
 sutteeism ('izm), n. the practice or 
 rite of self-immolation among Hin- 
 du widows. 
 
 sutural (sti'tu-ral), adj. pertaining 
 to, or situated at, a suture. 
 
 suture ('tur), n. the drawing to- 
 gether of the edges of a wound by 
 sewing; lines of junction of the 
 
 bones of the skull; seam at the 
 union of two margins of a plant. 
 
 suzerain (su'ze-ran), n. a feudal 
 lord, to whom fealty is due; supe- 
 rior or paramount ruler. 
 
 suzerainty (-ti), n. the office, or dig- 
 nity, of a suzerain; paramount au- 
 thority. 
 
 swab (swob), n. a mop for cleaning 
 decks, floors, &c. ; clumsy person or 
 lubber: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. swabbed, 
 p.pr. swabbing], to rub or clean 
 with a swab. 
 
 swaddle (swod'l), v.t. to swathe or 
 bind tightly, especially infants. 
 
 swaddling ('ling), adj. binding 
 tightly. 
 
 swag (swag), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 swagged, p.pr. swagging], to sink 
 down by its own weight ; hang heav- 
 ily ; sag : n. an unequal, hobbling 
 motion ; thieves' booty. 
 
 swagger ('er), v.i. to bully or blus- 
 ter ; strut haughtily or with affected 
 superiority in. an affected or inso- 
 lent manner of walking; noisy 
 boastfulness. 
 
 swain (swan), n. a peasant; rustic 
 lover ; sweetheart. 
 
 swallow (swol'o), n. a well-known 
 migratory passerine bird ; any spe- 
 cies of swift resembling the swal- 
 low ; groove round a tackle-block ; 
 the gullet or esophagus ; voracity ; 
 as much as can be swallowed at 
 once : v.t. to take into the stomach 
 through the esophagus ; absorb ; en- 
 gulf ; engage entirely ; retract ; put 
 up with : v.i. to perform the act of 
 swallowing. 
 
 swallow-tailed (-tald), adj. like a 
 swallow's tail; having tapering or 
 forked skirts. 
 
 swam, p.t. of swim. 
 
 swamp (swomp), n. wet or boggy 
 land ; soft, low land saturated with 
 water : v.t. to plunge, overwhelm, or 
 sink in, or as in, a swamp ; overset 
 or sink in water; plunge into inex- 
 tricable difficulties; ruin. 
 
 swampy ('i),) adj. consisting of, or 
 like, a swamp. 
 
 swan (swon), n. a web-footed bird of 
 the genus Cygnus, with a very long 
 neck, and remarkable for its grace 
 in swimming. 
 
 §kte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
swanskin (swon'skin), n. a kind of 
 soft, fine-twilled flannel ; very thick, 
 closely-woven woolen cloth used by 
 printers. 
 
 swap (swop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 swapped, p.pr. swapping], to ex- 
 change or barter : n. barter ; a blow 
 or stroke: adv. hastily; suddenly. 
 
 sward (swawrd), n. the grassy sur- 
 face of land. 
 
 swarded ('ed), adj. covered with 
 sward. 
 
 sware, old p.t. of swear. 
 
 swarm (swawrm), v.i. to throng to- 
 gether in a crowd ; collect and rise 
 from the hive : said of bees ; breed 
 multitudes ; to climb a tree, &c, by 
 embracing it with the arms and legs 
 alternately (with up) : n. a cluster 
 of insects, especially bees ; crowd or 
 multitude in motion. 
 
 swarthily (sworth'i-li), adv. with a 
 swarthy hue. 
 
 swarthiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being swarthy. Also 
 swartness. 
 
 swarthy ('i), adj. of a dark or 
 tawny hue; dark-skinned. Also 
 swart, swarth. 
 
 swash (swosh), n. a dashing or 
 splashing of water : v.i. to dash or 
 splash water about. 
 
 swashing ('ing), adj. crushing; 
 slashing. 
 
 swashy ('i), adj. soft like fruit too 
 ripe. 
 
 swath (swawth), n. a line or ridge of 
 grass or grain as cut down by the 
 mower ; sweep of a scythe in mow- 
 ing. 
 
 swathe (swath), v.t. to bind with a 
 bandage or roller ; wrap : n. a ban- 
 dage or roller. 
 
 sway (swa), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. swayed, 
 p.pr. swaying], to move backwards 
 and forwards ; influence by power or 
 moral force ; bias ; govern : v.i. to 
 incline on one side; be drawn by 
 weight : n. the swing or sweep of a 
 weapon ; cast of the balance ; any- 
 thing moving with power and bulk ; 
 rule ; dominion ; authority ; con- 
 trol ; inclination or weight on one 
 side. 
 
 swear (swar), v.i. [p.t. swore, 
 sware, p.p. sworn, p.pr. swearing], 
 
 to make a solemn declaration by 
 appealing to God for the truth of 
 what is affirmed ; give evidence on 
 oath ; use profane language : v.t. to 
 utter or affirm by appeal to God ; 
 cause to take, or bind by, an oath. 
 
 sweat (swet), n. the moisture which 
 exudes from the pores of the skin ; 
 toil ; exertion : v.i. to exude moisture 
 through the pores of the skin ; per- 
 spire ; labor ; drudge : v.t. to cause 
 to sweat ; oppress by employing at 
 an unfair rate of wages. 
 
 sweatshop (swefshop), n. a house 
 or apartment whose residents do 
 home work for dealers at unfairly 
 low wages. 
 
 S wedenb orgian ( swe-den-bor'ji-an ) , 
 adj. pertaining to, or characteristic 
 of, the doctrines of Swedenborg, a 
 Swedish mystic, the founder of the 
 New Jerusalem Church. 
 
 sweep (swep), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. swept, 
 p.pr. sweeping], to brush, rub over, 
 or clean, with a broom, &c. ; drive 
 or carry along or off with force; 
 strike with a long stroke; touch in 
 passing : v.i. to pass with violence, 
 speed, or pomp ; pass with celerity 
 or force ; move along with a long 
 reach : n. the act of sweeping ; gen- 
 eral destruction ; range ; extent ; di- 
 rection of a curve ; rapid survey 
 with the eye; extent of a stroke; 
 chimney-sweeper ; large oar ; black- 
 guard. 
 
 sweepstakes ('staks) , n.pl. the whole 
 money or other things staked or won 
 at a horse-race or in gaming. 
 
 sweet (swet), adj. pleasing to the 
 senses, as smell, taste, &c. ; tasting 
 like sugar ; luscious ; fragrant ; me- 
 lodious ; soft ; gentle ; kind ; oblig- 
 ing ; loved ; not stale or putrid ; 
 fresh ; not salted : n. a term of en- 
 dearment : n.pl. confectionery ; home- 
 made wines. 
 
 sweetbread ('bred), n. r. calf's pan- 
 creas. 
 
 sweet-briar ('bri-er), n. a thorny 
 shrub of the rose kind ; eglantine. 
 
 sweet- corn ('korn) . n. a kind of 
 maize of a sweet taste, extensively 
 used as a table food. 
 
 sweeten ('n), v.t. to make sweet; 
 render mild, kind, grateful, or pleas- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
swe 
 
 swi 
 
 ing ; render less painful, difficult, or 
 laborious ; palliate : v.i. to become 
 sweet. 
 
 sweet-flag ('flag), n. an aromatie 
 plant with sword-shaped leaves ; 
 calamus. 
 
 sweetheart ('hart), n. a lover; one 
 who is the object of a lover's af- 
 fection. 
 
 sweetish ('ish), adj. somewhat sweet. 
 
 sweetmeat ('met), n. a confection 
 made wholly or partly of sugar. 
 
 sweet-potato (-po-ta'to), n. a plant 
 and its edible root ; yam. 
 
 sweet-william (-wil'yam), n. a 
 beautiful flowering plant of the pink 
 kind. 
 
 swell (swel), v.i. [p.t. swelled, p.p. 
 swelled, swollen, p.pr. swelling], to 
 expand or enlarge ; increase in bulk ; 
 heave ; be inflated ; rise and in- 
 crease by degrees ; be puffed up : 
 grow in violence : v.t. to heighten ; 
 cause to rise or increase ; inflate ; 
 dilate : n. extension of bulk ; act or 
 state of swelling ; gradual increase 
 of sound ; succession of large waves ; 
 gradual elevation of land ; a dis- 
 tinguished personage ; fop : adj. 
 dandified. 
 
 swelling ('ing), p. adj. becoming in- 
 flated ; turgid : n. the act of increas- 
 ing in bulk ; tumor or any morbid 
 enlargement. 
 
 swelter ('ter), v.t. to perspire pro- 
 fusely ; faint with excessive heat. 
 
 sweltry ('tri), adj. sultry. 
 
 swept, p.t. & p.p. of sweep. 
 
 swerve (swerv), v.i. to turn aside 
 from any prescribed line or rule of 
 duty ; deviate ; incline. 
 
 swerving ('ing), n. deviation. 
 
 swift (swift), adj. moving far in a 
 short time ; rapid ; quick ; ready ; 
 sudden : adv. rapidly : n. a bird al- 
 lied to the swallow ; a species of 
 moth ; the common newt ; current of 
 a stream. 
 
 swifter ('er), n. a rope for confining 
 the bars of the capstan in their 
 sockets ; the foremost or aftermost 
 shroud ; a rope used as a fender to 
 a^ boat. 
 
 swill (swil), v.t. to drink greedily or 
 grossly ; inebriate : n. drink taken 
 in excessive quantities ; liquid food 
 
 for animals, particularly the refuse 
 or leavings of the kitchen, as given 
 to swine. 
 
 swim (swim), v.i. [p.t. swam, swum, 
 p.p. swum, p.pr. swimming], to float 
 on water or other liquid ; move pro- 
 gressively in the water by the 
 hands and feet ; be conveyed along 
 by, or as by, a current ; glide 
 smoothly ; overflow ; be dizzy : v.t. 
 to cause to swim or float : n. the 
 act of swimming ; air-bladder of 
 fishes. 
 
 swimmer ('er), n. one who swims; 
 water-spider ; water-fowl ; protuber- 
 ance on a horse's leg; a kind of 
 dumpling. 
 
 swimming ('ing), n. the act or art 
 of floating or moving progressively 
 in the water by the hands and feet. 
 
 swimmingly ('ing-li), adv. in a 
 smooth, easy, gliding manner ; with 
 great success or without hindrance. 
 
 swindle (swin'dl), v.t. to cheat 
 grossly and deliberately under pre- 
 tense of fair dealing: n. sl gross 
 fraud. 
 
 swindling (Mling), adj. cheating 
 grossly. 
 
 swine (swm), n. any animal of the 
 genus Sus with bristly skin and 
 long snout ; pig. 
 
 swing (swing), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 swung, p.pr. swinging], to wave or 
 vibrate to and fro ; oscillate ; prac- 
 tice swinging ; float round with the 
 tide ; be hanged : v.t. to move to and 
 fro ; wave loosely ; brandish : n. the 
 act or state of swinging ; contriv- 
 ance for swinging to and fro ; full 
 course. 
 
 swinge (swinj), v.t. to whip or 
 thrash : n. sweep or swing of any- 
 thing in movement ; sway ; influence. 
 
 swingle (swing'gl), v.t. to cleanse 
 (flax) by beating: v.i. to dangle: n. 
 that part of a flail which strikes the 
 grain. 
 
 swingletree (-tre), n. the crossbar 
 of a carriage, &c, to the ends of 
 which the traces of the horse are 
 fastened. 
 
 swinish (swin'ish), adj. pertaining 
 to, like, or characteristic of, swine; 
 bestial. 
 
 swink (swingk), v.i. to toil; drudge. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
swipe (swip), n. a vigorous blow at 
 cricket or golf ; sweeping blow : pi. 
 thin or small beer : v.i. & v.t. to de- 
 liver a strong blow ; hit out with 
 great force at cricket, &c. ; take and 
 carry away ; purloin. 
 
 swirl (swerl), v.i. to rush along in, 
 or form, eddies : n. a whirling or 
 eddying motion. 
 
 swish (swish), v.t. to lash; flog. 
 
 Swiss (swis), adj. pertaining to 
 Switzerland, its language, or its in- 
 habitants. 
 
 switch (swich), n. a long, thin, flexi- 
 ble rod ; a movable rail for trans- 
 ferring a railway carriage, &c, from 
 one line to another ; a device for 
 connecting one electric circuit with 
 another : v.t. to lash or flog ; shunt. 
 
 Switzer (swit'ser), n. Swiss. 
 
 swivel (swiv'l), n. something fixed 
 in another body so as to turn round 
 in it ; twisting link in a chain ; a 
 kind of small cannon which turns 
 on a pivot : v.t. & v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 swiveled, p.pr. swiveling], to turn 
 on a swivel or pivot. 
 
 swollen, p.p. of swell. 
 
 swoon (swoon), v.i. to sink into a 
 fainting fit, with apparent suspen- 
 sion of the vital and mental pow- 
 ers : n. the act of swooning ; syn- 
 cope. 
 
 swooning ('ing), n. the act of faint- 
 ing. 
 
 swoop (swoop), v.t. to fallupon and 
 seize at once, as prey : v.i. to catch 
 prey while on the wing : n. a sudden 
 falling upon and seizing. 
 
 sword (sord), n. sl keen-edged weap- 
 on for cutting and thrusting ; de- 
 struction by war ; emblem of au- 
 thority, power, justice, or ven- 
 geance. 
 
 swore, p.t. of swear. 
 
 sworn, p.p. of swear : adj. bound by 
 an oath. 
 
 Sybarite (sib'a-rit), n. an effemi- 
 nate voluptuary : from the inhabi- 
 tants of Sybaris, Italy, an ancient 
 Greek city noted for its luxury. 
 
 Sybaritic (-rit'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, like, or characteristic of, a Syba- 
 rite. 
 
 sycamine (sik'a-min), n. the black 
 mulberry-tree. 
 
 sycamore ('a-mor), n. a tree of the 
 maple family ; the fig-mulberry of 
 the East ; the buttonwood. 
 
 sycee (si-se'), n. pure native silver 
 cast into small hemispherical ingots 
 by the •Chinese, and used as silver 
 currency. 
 
 sycophancy (sik'o-fan-si), n. obse- 
 quious or servile flattery. 
 
 sycophant ('o-fant), n. a mean or 
 servile flatterer, especially of great 
 men ; parasite. 
 
 syenite (si'e-nit), n. a granitic rock 
 found at Syene in Egypt. 
 
 syllabic (sil-ab'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or consisting of, a syllable. 
 
 syllabically (-al-li), adv. in sylla- 
 bles. 
 
 syllabify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 syllabified, p.pr. syllabifying], to 
 form into syllables. 
 
 syllable ('a-bl), n. that part of a 
 word which can be uttered distinct- 
 ly by a single effort of the voice ; 
 anything proverbially concise. 
 
 syllabub, same as sillibub. 
 
 syllabus ('a-bus), n. a table of con- 
 tents ; compendium of the heads of 
 a discourse ; abstract. 
 
 syllogism ('o-jizm), n. an argument 
 stated in logical form, consisting of 
 three propositions, the first two be- 
 ing called the premises and the last 
 the conclusion which contains the 
 matter to be proved. 
 
 syllogistic (-jis'tik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or consisting of, a syllogism. 
 
 syllogistically (-al-li), adv. in a 
 syllogistic form. 
 
 sylph (silf), n. an imaginary being 
 inhabiting the air ; fairy. 
 
 sylvan (sil'van), adj. pertaining to, 
 inhabiting, or growing in, a wood 
 or grove ; rustic ; woody ; shady. 
 
 sym, prefix, another form of syn. 
 
 symbiosis ( sim-bi-5'sis ) , n. the more 
 or less permanent united life of 
 certain animal and vegetable organ- 
 isms rendering mutual service to 
 each other. 
 
 symbiotic (-ot'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to symbiosis. 
 
 symbol ('bol), n. an emblem or sign 
 representing something else ; type ; 
 mark or character used as an ab- 
 breviation : a creed. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
symbolic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 serving as, or of the nature of, a 
 symbol: n.pl. the study of creeds. 
 Also symbolical. 
 
 symbolically (-al-li), adv. by sym- 
 bols. 
 
 symbolize (-Iz), v.t. to represent by 
 a symbol : v.i. to have a typical re- 
 semblance ; agree. 
 
 symbolism ('bol-izm), n. the use of, 
 or the being represented by, sym- 
 bols ; science of creeds. 
 
 symmetrical (-met'ri-kal), adj. hav- 
 ing corresponding parts or rela- 
 tions ; harmonious ; proportionate. 
 Also symmetric. 
 
 symmetrically (-li), adv. in a sym- 
 metrical manner. 
 
 symmetrize ('e-triz), v.t. to make 
 symmetrical. 
 
 symmetry ('e-tri), n. the due pro- 
 portion of the several parts of a 
 body to each other ; harmony or 
 adaptation of parts to each other ; 
 proportion. 
 
 sympathetic (-pa-thet'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, expressing, or inducing, 
 sympathy ; compassionate. Also sym- 
 pathetical. 
 
 sympathetically (-al-li), adv. in a 
 sympathetic manner. 
 
 sympathize ('pa-thiz), v.i. to have a 
 mutual feeling with another ; be 
 compassionate. 
 
 sympathy ('pa-thi), n. mutual feel- 
 ing of pleasure or pain ; compas- 
 sion ; reciprocal action of the organs 
 of a body. 
 
 symphonic (-fon'ik), adj. agreeing 
 in sound ; pertaining to a sympho- 
 ny. Also symphonious. 
 
 symphony ('fo-ni), n. [pi. sympho- 
 nies (-niz)], harmony of sound; a 
 musical composition for a full band 
 of instruments ; instrumental intro- 
 duction or ending of a vocal com- 
 position. 
 
 symposium (-po'zi-um), n. [pi. sym- 
 posia (-a)], a banquet; a drinking 
 together ; merry-making ; an article 
 in a magazine in which various 
 writers express their views on some 
 given topic. 
 
 symptom (simp'tom), n. that which 
 indicates the existence of something 
 
 syn 
 
 else of which it is the effect ; token 
 or sign. 
 
 symptomatic (-to-mat'ik) ? adj. per- 
 taining to, serving as, or indicating, 
 a symptom. Also symptomatical. 
 
 symptomatically (-al-li), adv. by 
 symptoms. 
 
 syn, a prefix meaning with, together, 
 as si/wantherous : adj. having sta- 
 mens united by their anthers. 
 
 synseresis (sin-er'e-sis), n. the con- 
 traction of two vowels into one. 
 
 synagogical ('a-goj'i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to a synagogue. 
 
 synagogue ('a-gog), n. a religious 
 assembly of Jews for worship ; Jew- 
 ish place of worship. 
 
 synchronism (sing'kro-nizm) , n. con- 
 currence in time of two or more 
 events ; tabular arrangement of con- 
 temporaneous historical events. 
 
 synchronize ('kro-niz), v.t. to cause 
 to agree in time : v.i. happen simul- 
 taneously. 
 
 synchronous ('kro-nus), adj. hap- 
 pening at the same time. Also syn- 
 chronal. 
 
 synclinal ('kll-nal), adj. noting a 
 line or axis formed when strata dip 
 in opposite directions and meet in a 
 common central point or line. 
 
 syncopate ('ko-pat), v.t. to contract 
 by omitting a letter or letters from 
 the middle of (a word) ; unite (the 
 last note of one bar to the first note 
 of the next) by a slur. 
 
 syncopation (-pa/shun), n. the act 
 of syncopating. 
 
 syncope ('ko-pe), n. the omission of 
 a letter or letters from the middle of 
 a word ; fainting caused by interrup- 
 tion of the heart's action. 
 
 syncretic ( sin-kret'ik ) , adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or characteristic of, syncre- 
 tism. 
 
 syncretism ('kre-tizm), n. the at- 
 tempt to blend opposite and contra- 
 dictory tenets into one system to 
 produce union and concord. 
 
 syndic ('dik), n. a government offi- 
 cial invested with varying powers 
 in different countries ; chief magis- 
 trate ; municipal or other official. 
 
 syndicate ('di-kat), n. a body of 
 syndics ; a combination of capital- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
syn 
 
 ists to promote some special under- 
 taking or speculation. 
 
 synecdoche (-ek'do-ke), n. a rhetori- 
 cal figure in which the whole is put 
 for a part, or a part for the whole. 
 
 synergy ('er-ji), n. correlation be- 
 tween different organs. 
 
 synod Cod), n. a council or meeting 
 of ecclesiastics for consultation on 
 religious matters ; a church council 
 composed of several presbyters. 
 
 synodal ('od-al), adj. pertaining to 
 a synod or synods. 
 
 synodic (-od'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or transacted by, a synod. Also 
 synodical. 
 
 synodically (al-i), adv. by the au- 
 thority of a synod. 
 
 synoecions (-e'skus), adj. having 
 both male and female flowers on the 
 same receptacle. 
 
 synonym ('o-nim), n. sl word having 
 nearly the same signification as an- 
 other. 
 
 synopsis (-op'sis), n. a general or 
 collective view of any subject ; sum- 
 mary. 
 
 synoptic (-op'tik), adj. giving a gen- 
 eral view of the whole or principal 
 parts of a thing. Also synoptical. 
 
 synoptically (-al-i), adv. in a syn- 
 optical manner. 
 
 syntactic (-tak'tik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or arranged according to, the 
 rules of syntax. Also syntactical. 
 
 syntactically (-al-i), adv. in a syn- 
 tactical manner. 
 
 syntax ('taks), n. that part of gram- 
 mar which teaches of the proper 
 construction and arrangement of 
 words in a sentence. 
 
 synthesis ('the-sis), n. [pi. synthe- 
 ses (-sez)], composition or putting 
 of two or more things together : op- 
 posed to analysis ; the method ^ or 
 process of deducing and combining 
 complex ideas from simple ones. 
 
 synthetic (-thet'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to synthesis. Also synthetical. 
 
 synthetically (-al-i), adv. by syn- 
 thesis. 
 
 syntonin ('to-nin), n. muscle fibrine. 
 
 syntonize (sin-to'niz), v.t. to attune 
 or direct wireless telegraphic mes- 
 sages in a given direction. 
 
 syphilis (sif'i-lis), n. venereal dis- 
 ease. 
 
 syphilitic (-lit'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, of the nature of, or affected with, 
 syphilis. 
 
 syphiloid ('i-loid), adj. resembling 
 syphilis. 
 
 syphon, another form of siphon. 
 
 syren, another form of siren. 
 
 Syriac (sir'i-ak), adj. pertaining to 
 Syria, its inhabitants, or language. 
 Also Syrian. 
 
 Syringa (si-ring'ga), n. a genus of 
 plants, including the lilac. 
 
 syringe (sir'inj), n. a small tube 
 with a handle and worked like a 
 pump : v.t. to inject or cleanse with 
 a syringe. 
 
 syrup (sir'up), n. a saturated or 
 medicated solution of sugar in wa- 
 ter ; liquid refuse of sugar. 
 
 system (sis'tem), n. combination of 
 parts in a whole ; orderly arrange- 
 ment according to some common 
 law ; collection of rules and princi- 
 ples; connected body of principles 
 in science or art; method of trans- 
 acting business. 
 
 systematic (-at'ik), adj. methodical; 
 according to system. Also syste- 
 matical. 
 
 systematically (-al-i), adv. in a 
 systematic manner. 
 
 systematize ('tem-a-tiz), v.t. to re- 
 duce to a system. 
 
 systole ('to-le), n. the shortening of 
 a long syllable; contraction of auri- 
 cles and ventricles of the heart for 
 expelling the blood and circulating 
 it through the body. 
 
 systyle ('til), adj. having columns so 
 arranged that they are distant two 
 diameters from each other ; having 
 a row of columns set closely to- 
 gether. 
 
 syzygy (siz'i-ji), n. [pi. syzygies 
 (-jiz) ], the point at which the moon 
 or a planet is in conjunction with, 
 or in opposition to, the sun ; times 
 of new and full moon. 
 
 szaibelyite (sa-bel'yite), n. a. white 
 hydrous magnesium borate found in 
 small translucent nodules. 
 
 szopelka (tzo-pel'ka), n. the Rus- 
 sian oboe. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; m8, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
tab (tab), n. a shoe latchet; tag; 
 border of a woman's cap. 
 
 tabard ('ard), n. a loose garment or 
 mantle worn over armor ; herald's 
 coat. 
 
 tabaret ('a-ret), n. a strong satin- 
 striped silk used in upholstering. 
 
 tabasheer (-sher'), n. a siliceous 
 substance found in the stems of bam- 
 boos and certain grasses, used in 
 the East as a medicine. 
 
 tabby ('i), adj. brindled; having a 
 variegated, .wavy, or watered ap- 
 pearance : n. a. kind of wavy or 
 watered silk; mixture of stone or 
 shell with mortar; tabby-cat: v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. tabbied, p.pr. tabbying], 
 to water or cause to look wavy. 
 
 tabby-cat ('i-kat), n. a brindled cat. 
 
 tabbying ('i-ing), n. the process of 
 passing fabrics under a calender to 
 give them a watered, wavy appear- 
 ance. 
 
 tabef action. (-e-fak'shun),w. the act 
 or condition of wasting away. 
 
 tabernacle ('er-nak-1), n. a tempo- 
 rary dwelling, movable residence, or 
 tent; the human body as the tem- 
 porary dwelling of the soul ; the 
 movable structure or place of wor- 
 ship carried by the Israelites in the 
 wilderness ; receptacle for the con- 
 secrated Host in Roman Catholic 
 •Churches ; place of worship : v.i. to 
 sojourn; take up a temporary resi- 
 dence. 
 
 tabernacle-work (-werk), n* sculp- 
 tured tracery or canopy work. 
 
 tabes (ta'bez), n. a gradual wasting 
 away of the body ; atrophy. 
 
 tabinet (tab'in-et), n. a mixed wool- 
 
 en and silk fabric, used for window- 
 curtains, &c. 
 
 tablature ('la-tur), n. a painting 
 on walls or ceilings ; single piece 
 comprehended in one view ; division 
 of the skull into two tables. 
 
 table (ta'bl), n. a flat smooth board, 
 furnished with legs; flat surface; 
 persons sitting at a repast or enter- 
 tainment ; fare ; supply of food ; en- 
 tertainment; tablet; index or syl- 
 labus : pi. collection of many par- 
 ticulars brought into one view ; col- 
 lection of numbers or figures meth- 
 odically arranged; the Ten Com- 
 mandments, consisting of two ta- 
 bles ; Holy Eucharist or Lord's Sup- 
 per; smooth, simple member or or- 
 nament, usually m rectangular : pi. 
 backgammon : adj. pertaining to a. 
 table: v.t. to catalogue or index; 
 lay or place on a table (as a re- 
 port) for future consideration: v.i. 
 to board. 
 
 tableau (ta-blo'), n. [pi. tableaux or 
 tableaus (ta-bloz')], a striking and 
 vivid representation. 
 
 tableau vivant (ve-vang'), n. a liv- 
 ing picture ; a picturesque represen- 
 tation by one or more silent and mo- ' 
 tionless performers suitably cos- 
 tumed and posed. 
 
 table d'hote (ta'bl-dot), n. a meal 
 for several persons at the sa'~ie hour 
 and at a fixed price ; ordinary. 
 
 tableland (ta'bl-land), n. a plateau. 
 
 tablet^ (tab'let), n. small table , medi- 
 cine in the form of a small flat disk ; 
 small flat piece of ivory, &c, for 
 memoranda ; ancestral monument ; 
 small flat cake, , "as of soap, sweef- 
 meats, &c. &" 
 
 ate, firm, Hsk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrtn, not; b5on, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tab 
 
 tai 
 
 table-turning (ta/bl-tern-ing), Ti- 
 the movement of tables said to be 
 caused by the agency of spirits. 
 
 tablier (tab-li-a'), n. a kind of large 
 apron or small overskirt. 
 
 taboo (ta-boo'), n. a religious rite 
 formerly prevalent among the Poly- 
 nesians by which persons and things 
 were rendered sacred and inviola- 
 ble ; ban ; prohibition : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. tabooed, p.pr. tabooing], to for- 
 bid approach to, or use of. Also 
 tabu. 
 
 tabor (ta'ber), n. a small drum, 
 beaten with one stick. Also tabour. 
 
 taboret (tab'o-ret), n. a small tabor; 
 an ornamental cushioned stool. 
 
 taborine (-rin), n. a side-drum; a 
 drum-head in a hoop of wood with 
 jingles to increase the noise; tam- 
 bourine. 
 
 tabular (tab'u-lar), adj. pertaining 
 to, or in the form of, a table ; 
 formed in plates or laminae; set 
 down, computed, or arranged in, ta- 
 bles or schedules. 
 
 tabulate ('u-lat), v.t. to reduce to, 
 or arrange in, tables or synopses ; 
 shape with a flat surface. 
 
 tacamahac (tak'a-ma-hak), n. a kind 
 of resin from the balsam poplar. 
 
 taclie (tach), n. a button; loop; 
 catch, clasp, or other fastening. 
 
 tachometer ( ta-kom'e-ter ) , n. an in- 
 strument for measuring velocity. 
 
 tachy meter (-kim'e-ter), n. a sur- 
 veyor's instrument for making rapid 
 measurements. 
 
 tacit (tas'it), adj. implied, but not 
 expressed verbally. 
 
 taciturn ('i-tern), adj. habitually si- 
 lent. 
 
 taciturnity ('i-ti), 11. habitual si- 
 lence. 
 
 tack (tak), n. a small broad-headed 
 nail ; supplement or appendage ; di- 
 rection of a vessel in regard to the 
 trim of her sails : v.t. to fasten with 
 tacks; fasten slightly; attach: v.i. 
 to change the course of a vessel by 
 shifting the position of her sails. 
 
 tackle ('1), n. the ropes, rigging, &c, 
 of a vessel ; apparatus for raising 
 or lowering heavy weights consist- 
 ing of pulleys anc ropes ; imple- 
 ments or gear : v.t. to harness ; seize 
 
 or lay hold of; deal with or attack 
 vigorously. 
 
 tackling ('ling), n. the furniture of 
 the masts and yards of a vessel ; in- 
 struments of action; gear. 
 
 tact (takt), n. nice discernment and 
 delicate skill in saying and doing ex- 
 actly what is expedient or suitable 
 in given circumstances. 
 
 tactic (tak'tik), adj. pertaining to 
 the art of tactics. Also tactical. 
 
 tactician (-tish'an), n. one skilled in 
 tactics. ' 
 
 tactics ('tiks), n. naval and military 
 evolutions ; science of disposing and 
 maneuvering naval and military 
 forces for battle. 
 
 tactile ('til), adj. perceptible by the 
 touch ; capable of being touched. 
 
 tactility (-til'i-ti), n. perceptibility 
 by the touch. 
 
 tactual (tak'tu-al), adj. pertaining to 
 the organs of touch. 
 
 tadpole (tad'pol), n. the young 
 aquatic larva of an amphibian, espe- 
 cially that of the frog. 
 
 tael (tal), n. a Chinese money of ac- 
 count, value about $1.05; a weight 
 of 1 1-3 oz. 
 
 tafferel, same as taffrail. 
 
 taffeta (taf'e-ta), n. a fine, thin, 
 glossy silken fabric. Also taffety. 
 
 taffrail ('ral), n. the upper flat part 
 of the stern of a ship ; rail round a 
 ship's stern. 
 
 taffy ('i), n. molasses candy; toffy; 
 flattery. 
 
 tafia ('i-a), n. rum distilled from mo- 
 lasses. 
 
 tag (tag),.w. a point of metal at the 
 end of a string or a lace ; something 
 small attached to another ; anything 
 paltry or mean ; a children's game : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tagged, p.pr. tag- 
 ging], to fix a tag to; append or 
 tack on; follow closely and persist- 
 ently. 
 
 taglia (tal'ya), n. a peculiar com- 
 bination of pulleys. 
 
 tag-rag (-rag), n. the rabble. 
 
 takr (tar), n. the Himalayan wild 
 goat. 
 
 tail (tal), n. the end of the backbone 
 of an animal's body, usually hang- 
 ing loose ; hinder, or inferior part of 
 anything ; anything pendant ; lumi- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 D. 51. book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
tai 
 
 tal 
 
 nous appendage of the nucleus of 
 a comet ; catkin ; limitation : v.i. to 
 depart one after another, as a crowd 
 (with off). 
 
 tallage ('aj), n. tax or toll. Also 
 tallage. 
 
 tailboard ('bord), n. the movable 
 board at the rear of a cart. 
 
 tailing ('ing), n. the part of a pro- 
 jecting stone or brick inserted in a 
 wall ; refuse of stamped ore thrown 
 behind the rail of the washing ap- 
 paratus : pi. chaff. 
 
 tailor ( 'er ) , n. one whose business is 
 to cut out and make men's clothes 
 and ladies' costumes. Feminine tai- 
 loress. 
 
 taint (tant), n. corruption; infec- 
 tion ; spot or stain ; disgrace : v.t. to 
 imbue or impregnate with anything 
 noxious ; infect ; corrupt : v.i. to be 
 corrupted by incipient putrefaction. 
 
 take (tak), v.t. [p.t. took, p.p. taken, 
 p.pr. taking], to lay or seize hold 
 of ; obtain ; receive mentally ; cap- 
 ture ; engage or interest ; choose ; 
 use or require; catch; assume; con- 
 duct or lead ; transport ; tolerate ; 
 swallow ; note or take down ; make 
 or perform (a journey or walk) : 
 v.i. to have recourse; have the in- 
 tended effect ; please : n. the amount 
 or quantity received or caught, espe- 
 cially fish. 
 
 taker ('er), n. one who takes, seizes, 
 or captures ; one who accepts a bet. 
 
 taking ('ing), adj. attractive; allur- 
 ing ; pleasing ; infectious : n. the act 
 of gaining possession ; seizure ; agi- 
 tation : pi. receipts. 
 
 talapoin (ta'a-poin), n. a Buddhist 
 monk of Ceylon, Siam, &c. ; kind of 
 monkey. 
 
 talaria (ta-la'ri-a), n.pl. the small 
 wings attached to the ankles of Mer- 
 cury or Hermes, the messenger of 
 the gods. 
 
 talbot (tawl'bot), n. a quick-scented 
 hunting-dog, with long pendulous 
 ears. 
 
 talc (talk), n. a hydrous silicate of 
 magnesia occurring in thin flakes. 
 
 tale (tal), n. a narrative or story; 
 fable; anecdote; reckoning; number 
 reckoned. 
 
 talent (tal'ent), n. among the an- 
 
 cients, a weight, coin, or sum of 
 money of varying value ; mental ca- 
 pacity ; eminent ability ; skill ; clev- 
 erness; gift. 
 
 talented ('ent-ed), adj. endowed with 
 talents or eminent ability. 
 
 talipes ('i-pez), n. club-foot. 
 
 talipot ('i-pot), n. the gigantic fan- 
 palm of Ceylon and India. Also 
 taliput. 
 
 talisman ('is-man), n. [pi. talismans 
 (-manz)], a magical figure cut in 
 metal or stone supposed to possess 
 magical virtues in averting evil, 
 &c. ; something that produces an ex- 
 traordinary effect. 
 
 talismanic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or having the properties of, a talis- 
 man; magical. 
 
 talk (tawk), v.i. to utter words; 
 speak familiarly ; converse ; prattle : 
 v.t. to utter ; make a subject of con- 
 versation : n. familiar converse ; col- 
 loquy; subject of discourse; rumor; 
 conference. 
 
 talkative ('a-tiv), adj. addicted to 
 much talking. 
 
 talkatively (-li), adv. in a talkative 
 manner. 
 
 talkativeness (-nes), n. the quality 
 of being talkative. 
 
 talking ('ing), n. the act of convers- 
 ing : adj. loquacious. 
 
 tall (tawl), udj. high in stature; 
 lofty ; extravagant. 
 
 tallage, same as tailage. 
 
 tallow (tal'o), n. the melted fat of 
 oxen and sheep ; candle-grease : v.t. 
 to grease or smear with tallow ; fat- 
 ten. 
 
 tally ('i), n. [pi. tallies ('iz)l, a 
 stick notched to match another stick, 
 used for keeping accounts ; one thing 
 made to match or suit another : v.t. 
 to make to correspond: v.i. to be. 
 fitted ; match. 
 
 tally-ko (-ho), inter j. & n. the hunts- 
 man's cry to incite his hounds; a 
 four-in-hand coach. 
 
 tallyman (-man), n. [pi. tallymen 
 (-men)], one who sells goods to be 
 paid for by instalments. 
 
 tally-shop (-shop), n. a shop where 
 goods are sold on the tally-system. 
 
 tally-system (-sis-tem), n. the prac- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tal 
 
 tan 
 
 tice of selling goods on credit to be 
 paid for by instalments. 
 
 talmi-gold ('mi-gold), n. Abyssinian 
 gold ; cheap imitation of gold. 
 
 Talmud ('mud), n. the book which 
 contains the whole body of the Jew- 
 ish civil and canonical laws and tra- 
 ditions, with the commentaries and 
 speculations of the Rabbis, consist- 
 ing of two parts, the Mishnah and 
 Gemara. 
 
 Talmudic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
 or in, the Talmud. Also Talmudi- 
 cal, Talmudistic. 
 
 Talmudist ('mud-ist), n. one learned 
 in the Talmud. 
 
 talon ('on), n. the claw of a bird of 
 prey ; an ogee molding. 
 
 talus (ta'lus), n. the ankle-bone; 
 sloping part of a work ; sloping heap 
 of broken rocks accumulated at the 
 foot of a cliff. 
 
 tamability (tam-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being tamable. 
 Tamableness. 
 
 tamable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing tamed. 
 
 tamale (ta-ma'le) , n. a kind of dump- 
 ling, made of minced chicken and 
 corn-meal, seasoned with red pepper, 
 wrapped in corn-husks, and boiled 
 or cooked by steam. 
 
 tamandua (ta-man'du-a), n. the 
 small ant-eater of South America. 
 
 tamarack (tam'a-rak), n. the Amer- 
 ican black larch. 
 
 tamarin ('a-rin), n. a South Amer- 
 ican monkey with a squirrel-like tail. 
 
 tamarind ('a-rind), n. a leguminous 
 and lofty tropical tree, yielding long 
 pods which contain a soft acid pulp. 
 
 tamarisk ('a-risk), n. a tree or 
 shrub of the genus Tamarix, with 
 small pink or white flowers and 
 feathery branches. 
 
 tambac, same as tombac. 
 
 tambour ('ber), n. a drum-like frame 
 on which a kind of embroidery with 
 thread} of gold, silver, and silk are 
 worked in the figures of flowers, 
 &c. ; drum ; the naked part of cer- 
 tain capitals of drum-like appear- 
 ance ; enclosure of stockade work : 
 v.t. to embroider with, or upon, a 
 tambour. 
 
 tambourine (-en'), n. a small hand- 
 
 drum with little cymbals inserted in 
 the hoop; a sprightly French stage 
 dance. 
 
 tame (tarn), adj. domesticated; spir- 
 itless ; insipid : v.t. to bring from a 
 wild to a domesticated state ; subdue. 
 
 tameless ('les), adj. wild; not capa- 
 ble of being tamed. 
 
 taminy ('i-ni), n. a kind of woolen 
 or worsted cloth. 
 
 tamp (tamp), v.t. to block up with 
 clay or similar material the blast- 
 hole in a rock to direct the course of 
 the explosion; drive in or down by 
 repeated gentle strokes. 
 
 tampan ('pan), n. a venomous South 
 African tick. 
 
 tamper ('per), v.i. to meddle so as to 
 injure or alter anything ; use brib- 
 ery ; a try small experiments. 
 
 tampion ('i-on), n. a stopper, espe- 
 cially for the mouthpiece of a can- 
 non. Also tompion. 
 
 tam-tam ('tarn), same as tom-tom. 
 
 tan (tan), n. the bark of the oak or 
 other trees bruised and broken by a 
 mill for tanning hides : adj. tan-col- 
 ored : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tanned, p.pr. 
 tanning], to convert (a hide) into 
 leather by steeping it in an infusion 
 of bark or tannin ; make brown by 
 exposure to the sun ; beat : v.i. to 
 become sunburnt. 
 
 tandem ( 'dem ) , adv. with two horses 
 or persons one before the other : n. 
 a vehicle with two horses harnessed 
 one before the other; a bicycle or 
 tricycle for two, one riding before 
 the other. 
 
 tang (tang), n. a strong taste or 
 flavor ; something that leaves behind 
 a taste peculiar to itself; that part 
 of a knife, fork, tool, &c, which is 
 inserted into the handle ; sound or 
 tone : v.i. to make a ringing sound. 
 
 tangency ('jen-si), n. sl contact or 
 touching. 
 
 tangent ('jent), adj. touching: n. a 
 straight line that meets or touches a 
 circle or curve, but when produced, 
 does not cut it. 
 
 tangential (-jen'shal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or in the direction of, a tan- 
 gent. 
 
 tangentially (-li), adv. in the direc- 
 tion of a tangent. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
tan 
 
 tar 
 
 tangerine (-jer-en'), n. a small or- 
 ange. 
 
 tanghin (tang'gin), n. a Madagascar 
 tree, from the seeds of which a pow- 
 erful poison is obtained ; the ordeal- 
 tree. 
 
 tangibility (tan-ji-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being tangible. 
 Also tangibleness. 
 
 tangible ('ji-bl), adj. perceptible to 
 the touch ; capable of being pos- 
 sessed or realized ; evident ; real. 
 
 tangle (tang'gl), v.t. to interweave so 
 as to render difficult to unravel ; im- 
 plicate ; embarrass ; entangle ; com- 
 plicate : v.i. to be entangled : n. a 
 knot of things interwoven confus- 
 edly in one another ; complication ; 
 perplexity ; a kind of seaweed with 
 long broad fronds. 
 
 tangly ('gli), adj. interweaved; cov- 
 ered with seaweed. 
 
 tangram (tan'gram), n. a Chinese 
 toy for forming combinations of fig- 
 ures by small squares. 
 
 tank (tangk), n. a large cistern or 
 reservoir for storing water or other 
 liquid. 
 
 tankard ('erd), n. a drinking vessel 
 with a lid. 
 
 tannate (tan'at), n. a salt of tannic 
 acid. 
 
 tanner ('er), n. one who tans hides. 
 
 tannery (-i), n. [pi. tanneries (-iz)], 
 a place where hides are tanned ; 
 process of tanning. 
 
 tannic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 obtained from, bark. 
 
 tannic acid (as'id), n. an astringent 
 principle in oak-bark, and gall-nuts. 
 Also tannin. 
 
 tanning ('ing), n. the process of con- 
 verting hides into leather. 
 
 tansy ('zi), n. a bitter aromatic plant 
 with small yellow flowers. 
 
 tantalization (-tal-i-za'shun), n. the 
 act of tantalizing; state of being 
 tantalized. 
 
 tantalize ('tal-iz), v.t. to tease or 
 torment by exciting hopes or fears 
 which will not be realized ; provoke : 
 from the classic fable of Tantalus. 
 
 tantalizing (-ing), adj. teasing or 
 tormenting. 
 
 tantamount (-ta-mount), adj. equiv- 
 alent in value or signification. 
 
 tantivy (-tiv'i), n. a gallop: adv. 
 swiftly. 
 
 tantrum ('trum), n. a sudden out- 
 burst of temper or passion. 
 
 tap (tap), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tapped, 
 p.pr. tapping], to strike or touch 
 lightly; broach (a vessel) to let out 
 a fluid ; put a new sole or heel on ; 
 find a new outlet for ; bore into : n. 
 a gentle blow, or touch ; pat ; place 
 where liquor is drawn and retailed ; 
 pipe through which liquor is drawn 
 from a cask. 
 
 tape (tap), n. a narrow band of linen 
 or cotton cloth. 
 
 taper (ta'per), n. small wax candle; 
 small light : adj. growing smaller or 
 regularly narrowed towards the 
 point, or from the bottom to the 
 top : v.i. to become gradually more 
 slender : v.t. to narrow to a point. 
 
 tapering (-ing), adj. gradually di- 
 minishing towards a point. 
 
 tapestry (tap'es-tri), n. a textile 
 fabric of wool or silk ornamented 
 with a raised design, figures, &c, 
 used for hangings : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 tapestried, p.pr. tapestrying], to 
 hang, or adorn with, tapestry. 
 
 tapestry carpet (kar'pet), n. a 
 kind of carpet somewhat resembling 
 Brussels. 
 
 tapeti ('et-i), n. a South American 
 hare. 
 
 tape-worm (tap'werm), n. a flat rib- 
 bon-like intestinal worm (Taenia 
 solium). 
 
 tapioca (tap-i-o'ka), n. a farinaceous 
 food obtained from the root of the 
 cassava. 
 
 tapir (ta'per), n. a South American 
 quadruped allied to the hog. 
 
 tapis (ta-pe'), n. a carpet [French]. 
 
 tappet (tap'et), n. a small lever or 
 projection for changing or regulat-. 
 ing motion. 
 
 tapping ('ing), n. a tap; act of tap- 
 ping; a surgical operation for the 
 relief of dropsy. 
 
 taproot ('root), n. the main root of 
 a plant. 
 
 tapster ('ster) , n. one whose business 
 is to draw liquor from a cask. 
 
 tar (tar), n. a thick, dark-brown, oily, 
 viscous substance obtained by distil- 
 lation from pine, or fir trees, coal, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tar 
 
 &c. ; a sailor : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tarred. 
 p.pr. tarring], to smear with, or as 
 with, tar. 
 
 tar ant ass (tar-an-tas'), n. a large 
 four-wheeled Russian springless car- 
 riage. 
 
 tarantella (-an-tel'a), n. a wild, 
 rapid Neapolitan dance; music for 
 such a dance. 
 
 tarantula ('tu-la), n. a large spider 
 whose bite was formerly supposed to 
 produce an irresistible mania for 
 dancing. 
 
 taraxacin (-aks'a-sin), n. the bitter 
 crystalline principle of the root of 
 the dandelion. 
 
 tarboosh (tar-boosh'), n. a kind of 
 red fez with a blue tassel worn by 
 Orientals. 
 
 tardily ('di-li), adv. slowly. 
 
 tardiness ('di-nes), n. slowness of 
 pace or motion ; reluctance. 
 
 tardy ('di), adj. [comp. tardier, su- 
 per I. tardiest], moving with a slow 
 pace or motion ; dilatory ; reluctant ; 
 late. 
 
 tare (tar), n. darnel; weight of the 
 cask, package, &c, which contains 
 the commodity which is weighed 
 with it and for which an allowance 
 is made. 
 
 target (tar'get), n. a small shield; 
 butt or mark set up for rifle and ar- 
 tillery practice. 
 
 tariff (tar'if), n. a schedule or table 
 of dutiable goods, specifying the cus- 
 toms rates, &c, to be paid or al- 
 lowed on articles exported or im- 
 ported; a duty levied according to 
 such a schedule : v.t. to fix a duty on. 
 
 tarlatan (tar'la-tan), n. a thin, tran- 
 sparent dress-muslin. 
 
 tarn (tarn), n. a small mountain 
 lake; marsh. 
 
 tarnish (tar'nish), v.t. to diminish 
 the luster of ; sully : v.i. to lose lus- 
 ter ; become dull. 
 
 taro ('6), n. a plant of the Arum 
 kind, the roots of which are used for 
 food by the South Sea Islanders. 
 
 tarpaulin (-paw'lin), n. stout water- 
 proof canvas. 
 
 tarry (tar'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. tarried, 
 p.pr. tarrying], to stay behind; de- 
 lay; linger. 
 
 tarsal (tiir'sal), adj. pertaining to 
 the tarsus. 
 
 tarsia ('si-a), n. a kind of mediaeval 
 Italian wood inlaying. 
 
 tarsus ('sus), n. [pi. tarsi ('si)], the 
 instep, consisting of several bones : 
 pi. the connective cartilages of the 
 eyelids ; foot of an insect or crus- 
 tacean. 
 
 tart (tart), adj. sharp to the taste; 
 acid ; severe ; keen : n. small open 
 pie. 
 
 tartan (tar'tan), n. woolen cloth, 
 checkered with various colors ; small 
 Mediterranean coasting vessel : adj. 
 made from, or like, tartan. 
 
 tartar ('tar), n. the white earthy 
 substance deposited on the teeth, &c. 
 
 Tartar, n. an inhabitant of Tartary 
 (also Tatar) ; a person of keen, ir- 
 ritable temper. 
 
 Tartarean (-ta-re-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to Tartarus or Hell ; infernal. 
 
 tartar emetic (e-met'ik), adj. anti- 
 mony combined with potassium and 
 tartaric acid. 
 
 tartaric acid (-tar'ik as'id), n. an 
 acid found in the juice of grapes, 
 berries, &c. 
 
 Tartarus ('ta-rus), n. the deep and 
 sunless abyss of the infernal re- 
 gions ; Hades. 
 
 tasimeter (ta-sim'e-ter), n. an elec- 
 trical instrument for measuring 
 minute variations in temperature, 
 moisture, motion, &c. 
 
 task (task), n. business or study im- 
 posed by another : usually a definite 
 amount ; lesson to be learned ; duty ; 
 burdensome employment : v.t. to im- 
 pose a task upon ; burden. 
 
 tassel ( '1 ) , n. a pendent ornament of 
 silk, wool, &c. ; a male goshawk ; 
 pendent flower or head of certain 
 plants, as maize. 
 
 tasseled ('Id), p. adj. adorned with 
 tassels. 
 
 tasset (tas'et), n. armor protecting 
 the front of the thigh. 
 
 tastable_ (tast'a-bl), adj. savory. 
 
 taste (tast), v.t. to perceive by the 
 tongue and palate ; obtain pleasure 
 from ; test by eating or sipping a lit- 
 tle ; participate in ; experience : v.i. 
 to try by the palate ; have a flavor ; 
 enjoy moderately : n. the sensation 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tas J_ 
 
 produced on the tongue and palate 
 by something taken into the mouth ; 
 quality or flavor ; relish ; trial ; ex- 
 periment ; intellectual relish or dis- 
 cernment of the sublime or beauti- 
 ful ; choice of pleasures, pursuits, 
 &c. ; a sample. 
 
 tasteful ( 'fool ) , adj. savory ; charac- 
 terized by, or showing, good taste. 
 
 tastefully (-H), adv. in a tasteful 
 manner. 
 
 tastily ('i-li), adv. with good taste. 
 
 tasty ('i), adj. showing taste; savory. 
 
 tat (tat), n. coarse cloth made from 
 jute; pony [East Indian]. 
 
 tatt (tat), v.t. to make by tatting. 
 
 tatter ('er), n. a loose hanging rag: 
 pi. rags : v.t. to make ragged ; rend. 
 
 tatterdemalion (-ter-de-mal'yun), n. 
 a ragged fellow. 
 
 tattie ('i), n. a split bamboo door or 
 window screen, over -which water is 
 made to trickle to cool the air [East 
 Indian]. Also tatty. 
 
 tatting ('ing), n. a kind of narrow 
 lace for edging, made with a small 
 hand-shuttle ; art of making such 
 kind of lace. 
 
 tattle ( '1 ) , v.i. to talk idly or trifling- 
 ly ; prate ; tell tales or secrets : n. 
 trifling oridle talk. 
 
 tattoo (-too'), n. a beat of drum, es- 
 pecially for warning soldiers to re- 
 tire to their quarters ; marks or fig- 
 ures made by puncturing the skin 
 with a needle and rubbing a stain or 
 dye into the wounds : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 tattooed, p.pr. tattooing], to mark 
 permanently (the skin) by punctur- 
 ing it and staining the wounds. 
 
 tattooing ('ing), n. the operation or 
 practice of tattooing the body. 
 
 tau (taw), n. a cross resembling the 
 Greek letter T (tau). 
 
 taught, p.t. & p.p. of teach. 
 
 taunt (tant or tawnt), adj. lofty: n. 
 bitter or sarcastic reproach ; scoff ; 
 insulting invective : v.t. to reproach 
 with bitter, sarcastic, or insulting 
 language ; revile. 
 
 tauriform (taw'ri-form), adj. having 
 the form of a bull. 
 
 taut ( tawt ) , adj. tight ; stretched ; 
 snug; secure. 
 
 tautog (taw-tog'), n. a North Amer- 
 ican edible fish. 
 
 taz 
 
 tautological (-td-loj'ik-al), adj. of 
 the nature of tautology. 
 
 tautologically (-li), adv. in a tau- 
 tological manner. 
 
 tautology (-tol'o-ji), n. repetition of 
 the same thing or idea in different 
 words ; sameness of words or of 
 meaning. 
 
 tavern (tav'ern), n. an inn or public- 
 house ; a hotel. 
 
 taw (taw), v.t. to dress (skins) to 
 make them into leather : n. a game 
 at marbles; a marble to be played 
 with. 
 
 tawdrily ('dri-li), adv. gaudily. 
 
 tawdriness ('dri-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being tawdry. 
 
 tawdry ('dri), adj. showy or fine 
 without elegance ; gaudily dressed. 
 
 tawniness ('ni-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being tawny. 
 
 tawny ('ni), adj. of a yellowish- 
 brown color. 
 
 taws (tawz), n.pl. a leathern strap 
 with one end cut into fringes, used 
 as an instrument of punishment 
 [Scotch], Also tawse. 
 
 tax (taks) , n. a rate or duty on income 
 or property ; excise ; impost ; bur- 
 densome or oppressive duty : v.t. to 
 impose a rate or duty upon for state 
 or municipal purposes ; burden or 
 oppress ; accuse. 
 
 taxability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
 of being taxable. 
 
 taxable ('a-bl), adj. subject or liable 
 to taxation. 
 
 taxation (a'shun), n. the act of tax- 
 ing ; rate or tax imposed ; system of 
 raising revenues; examination of a 
 bill of costs. 
 
 taxel ('el), n. the American badger. 
 
 taxidermist ('i-der-mist), n. one 
 who is skilled in taxidermy. 
 
 taxidermy ( 'i-der-mi ) , n. the art of 
 stuffing and arranging specimens of 
 natural history. 
 
 taxin ( 'in ) , n. the resinous substance 
 obtained from the leaves of the yew- 
 tree. 
 
 taxonomy (-on'o-mi), n. that depart- 
 ment of natural history which treats 
 of the laws and principles of classi- 
 fication. 
 
 tazza (tat'sa), n. an ornamental cup 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, £7&en. 
 
tea 
 
 tel 
 
 or vase with a large shallow bowl, a 
 foot, and sometimes handles. 
 
 tea (te), n. the prepared leaves of the 
 tea plant (Thea Sinensis) ; the bev- 
 erage obtained by the infusion of 
 the dried leaves ; afternoon repast at 
 which tea is served ; an infusion of 
 other substances, as beef: v.i. to 
 take tea. 
 
 teach (tech), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. taught, 
 p.pr. teaching], to impart knowledge 
 to ; instruct ; inform ; cause to learn 
 or acquire skill in : v.i. to give in- 
 struction. 
 
 teaching ('ing), n. instruction. 
 
 teak (tek), n. a very hard durable 
 timber obtained from an Indian tree. 
 
 teal (tel), n. a species of small, wild, 
 fresh-water duck. 
 
 team (tern), n. two or more horses, 
 &c, harnessed to the same vehicle 
 for drawing ; litter ; brood ; number 
 of persons associated together to 
 form a side in a game, or to perform 
 a certain piece of work. 
 
 teamster ('ster), n. the driver of a 
 team. 
 
 tear (ter), n. a small drop of the 
 watery fluid secreted by the lachry- 
 mal gland of the eye ; anything tear- 
 like, or shaped like a tear ; a rent 
 (tar) : v.t. (tar) [p.t. tore, p.p. 
 torn, p.pr. tearing], to separate by 
 violence ; rend ; disrupt ; lacerate : 
 v.i. to be rent ; rave or rant. 
 
 tearful (ter'fool ), adj. shedding tears. 
 
 tease (tez), v.t. to comb or unravel, 
 as wool or flax; separate the fibers 
 of; irritate or annoy; vex by petty 
 requests or raillery : n. one who 
 teases. 
 
 teasel ('1), n. a biennial plant, with 
 hooked burrs, which are used for 
 raising the nap of woolen cloth. 
 Also teazel. 
 
 teat (tet), n. the nipple of the female 
 breast; mammilla. 
 
 techily (tech'i-li), adv. in a techy 
 manner. 
 
 te chine ss ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being techy. 
 
 technic (tek'nik), adj. pertaining to 
 the mechanical arts : relating to art, 
 science, or to a particular profes- 
 sion. Also technical : n.pl. those 
 branches of learning which relate to 
 
 the arts ; doctrine of arts in general. 
 
 technique (-nek'), n. artistic execu- 
 tion. 
 
 technological (-no-loj'i-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to technology. 
 
 technologist (-nol'o-jist), n. one 
 skilled in technology. 
 
 technology ('o-ji), n. the science of 
 the industrial arts. 
 
 techy (tech'i), adj. peevish; irritable. 
 
 tectonics (tek-ton'iks), n. the science 
 or art of construction. 
 
 ted (ted), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tedded, 
 p.pr. tedding], to turn or spread for 
 drying, as new-mown hay. 
 
 Te Deum (te de'um), n. an ancient 
 hymn of the Christian Church sung 
 at matins and on occasions of thanks- 
 giving: said to have been composed 
 by Hilary, Bishop of Aries. 
 
 tedious (te'di-us), adj. wearisome 
 by continuance or repetition; tire- 
 some. 
 
 tedium ('di-um), n. wearisomeness. 
 
 tee (te), n. the mark aimed at in 
 quoits and curling; nodule of earth 
 from which the ball is struck at 
 golf ; umbrella-shaped finial of a 
 Buddhist tope; short piece of con- 
 nective pipe. 
 
 teem (tern), v.i. to be prolific; be 
 full ; be stocked to overflowing. 
 
 teeming ('ing), p. adj. prolific. 
 
 teen (ten), n. sorrow: pi. years of 
 one's age ending in teen. 
 
 teeth, pi. of tooth. 
 
 teething (teth'ing), n. dentition. 
 
 teetotal (te-to'tal), adj. pertaining 
 to teetotalers or teetotalism. 
 
 teetotaler (-er), n. a total abstainer. 
 
 teetotalism (-izm), n. entire absti- 
 nence from intoxicating liquors. 
 
 teetotum (-to'tum), n. a child's toy 
 used in games of chance; a kind of 
 refreshment house for the working 
 classes. 
 
 tegmen (teg'men), n. [pi. tegmina 
 ('mi-na)], a covering; inner layer 
 of the coating of a seed : pi. scaly 
 coat of the leaf-buds of trees. 
 
 tegument ('u-ment), n. natural cov- 
 ering or envelope ; skin. 
 
 tehee (te-he'), n. a titter: v.i. to tit- 
 ter. 
 
 teil (tel), n. the linden. 
 
 teinoscope (tl'no-skop), n. a prism 
 
 ite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tel 
 
 tern 
 
 telescope for the correction of the 
 chromatic aberration of light. 
 
 telainon (tel'a-mon), n. [pi. tela- 
 mones (-mo'nez)], a figure of a 
 man, usually colossal, used as a col- 
 umn or pilaster. 
 
 telautograph (tel-aw'to-graf), n. a 
 telegraphic instrument for repro- 
 ducing writings or drawings at a 
 distance. 
 
 teledu ('e-doo), n. the stinking badger 
 of Java and Sumatra. 
 
 telegram ('e-gram), n. a telegraphic 
 communication. 
 
 telegraph ('e-graf), n. an instrument 
 or apparatus for communicating in- 
 telligence rapidly between certain 
 points, especially by means of elec- 
 tricity : v.t. to convey by telegraph ; 
 signal : v.i. to send a telegraphic 
 message. 
 
 telegrapher (te-Ieg'ra-fer), n. one 
 who sends telegraphic messages ; te- 
 legraphist. 
 
 telegraphic (tel-e-graf'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, done by means of, or 
 communicated by, telegraph. 
 
 telegraphically (-al-i), adv. by tel- 
 egraph. 
 
 telegraphist (te-leg'ra-fist), n. one 
 skilled in telegraphy. 
 
 tele graph one (tel'e-graf-Sn), n. a 
 voice-reproducing instrument in 
 which local magnetization is the 
 agent, instead of an indented record. 
 
 telegraphy ('ra-fi), n. the science or 
 art of constructing and working tel- 
 egraphs. 
 
 teleology (tel-e-ol'o-ji), n. the doc- 
 trine of the final causes of things. 
 
 telepathy (te-lep'a-thi), n. the trans- 
 ference of thought from one person 
 to another by the exercise of the 
 will. 
 
 telephone (tel'e-fon), n. an instru- 
 ment for transmitting sound to a 
 distance by means of electricity : v.t. 
 & v.i. to communicate by telephone. 
 
 telephonic (-fon'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or conveyed by means of, the 
 telephone. 
 
 telephonist (te-lef-o-nist), n. one, 
 who is skilled in, or operates, a tel- 
 ephone. 
 
 telephony (te-lef'o-ni), n. the sci- 
 
 ence or art of transmitting sounds at 
 a distance. 
 
 telescope (tel'e-skop), n. an optical 
 instrument for viewing objects at a 
 distance: v.t. to drive into one an- 
 other, as railway carriages in col- 
 lision. 
 
 telescopic (-skop'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, visible by, or like, a tele- 
 scope. Also telescopical. 
 
 telescopic ally (-al-i), adv. by means 
 of a telescope. 
 
 telescopist ('e-sko-pist), n. one who 
 is skilled in using the telescope. 
 
 t descriptor (tel'e-skrip-t6r), n. an 
 electrical long - distance operated 
 typewriter. 
 
 telic (tel'ik), adj. noting the final 
 end or purpose. 
 
 tell (tel), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. told, p.pr. 
 telling], to express or make known 
 by words; narrate; enumerate; ex- 
 plain ; communicate ; confess : v.i. 
 to give an account ; report ; play the 
 informer ; act effectively. 
 
 teller ('er), n. one who tells, nar- 
 rates, or communicates; a bank 
 clerk whose duty is to receive and 
 pay money over the counter; one 
 of two members of a legislative 
 body who count votes on a division 
 for each party. 
 
 telling ('ing), n. the act of relating: 
 adj. effective. 
 
 telltale ('tal), adj. telling tales: n. 
 a person who officiously or mali- 
 ciously divulges the private con- 
 cerns of others; an automatic de- 
 vice for counting or indicating. 
 
 telluric (tel-u'rik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or derived from, the earth or the 
 metal tellurium. 
 
 tellurium ('ri-um), n. a rare ele- 
 ment usually found associated with 
 other metals. 
 
 telotype (tel'o-tip), n. an electric 
 telegraph that prints the message. 
 
 telpherage ('fer-aj), n. a system of 
 automatic haulage by electricity. 
 
 temerity ( te-mer'i-ti ) , n. foolhardi- 
 ness ; rashness ; precipitancy. 
 
 temper (tem'per), v.t. to modify or 
 regulate; qualify; assuage; calm; 
 bring to a due proportion ; bring to 
 a proper degree of elasticity or hard- 
 ness : n. due proportion of different 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tem 
 
 ten 
 
 qualities or ingredients ; state of a 
 metal as to its hardness or elastic- 
 ity ; mental disposition ; equanimity ; 
 mood ; natural inclinations ; heat of 
 mind or passion ; irritation. 
 
 temperament ('per-a-ment), n. nat- 
 ural constitution or organization ; 
 due mixture of opposite or different 
 qualities. 
 
 temperance ('per-ans), n. modera- 
 tion, especially in respect to the ap- 
 petites or passions ; patience ; so- 
 briety ; total abstinence. 
 
 temperate ('per-at), adj. moderate; 
 not characterized by passion or in- 
 dulgence of the appetites ; abstemi- 
 ous; calm; not liable to excess of 
 heat or cold. 
 
 temperately (-li), adv. moderately. 
 
 temperateness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being temperate. 
 
 temperature ('per-a-tur), n. state 
 of a body with respect to sensible 
 heat ; degree of any quality. 
 
 tempered ('perd), adj. constitution- 
 ally disposed; hardened. 
 
 tempest ('pest), n. wind rushing with 
 great violence, usually accompanied 
 by rain, hail, &c. ; hurricane ; tu- 
 mult. 
 
 tempestuous (-pes'tu-us), adj. very 
 stormy ; pertaining to, or like, a 
 tempest; violent. 
 
 Templar ('pier), n. one of a relig- 
 ious and military order, especially 
 in the 12th century. 
 
 template ('plat), n. a mold or pat- 
 tern used by masons, bricklayers, 
 &c, in cutting or setting out their 
 work. Also templet. 
 
 temple ('pi), n. an edifice for the 
 worship of a deity or deities ; resi- 
 dence of a divinity; place of public 
 worship ; the flat part of either side 
 of the head above the cheek-bones. 
 
 temporal ('po-ral), adj. pertaining 
 to time ; secular ; measured or re- 
 stricted by time; civil or political. 
 
 temporarily ('po-ra-ri-li), adv. for a 
 time. 
 
 temporariness (-nes), n. the state 
 of being temporary. 
 
 temporary (-ri), adj. existing or 
 continuing for a limited time or 
 some special purpose. 
 
 temporize ('po-riz), v.i. to comply 
 
 with the times ; yield to current 
 opinion ; parley ; delay. 
 
 tempt (tempt), v.t. to put to trial; 
 test ; persuade to evil ; defy ; allure ; 
 entice. 
 
 temptation (temp-ta'shun), n. the 
 state of being tempted ; enticement, 
 especially to evil. 
 
 tempter (temp'ter), n. one who 
 tempts; the Devil (with the). Fern. 
 temptress. 
 
 tempting ('ting), adj. alluring; se- 
 ductive. 
 
 ten (ten), adj. one more than 9; 
 twice 5 : n. the sum of 5 and 5 ; ten 
 units. 
 
 tenability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being tenable. Also 
 tenableness. 
 
 tenable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing held, maintained, or defended. 
 
 tenace ('as), n. in whist, the holding 
 by the fourth hand of the best and 
 third best of the suit led. 
 
 tenacions (te-na'shus), adj. holding 
 fast or firmly ; cohesive ; tough ; ob- 
 stinate. 
 
 tenacity (-nas'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being tenacious ; cohesive- 
 ness ; adhesiveness. 
 
 tenancy (ten'an-si), n. [pi. tenan- 
 cies (-siz)], the holding of land or 
 tenements on certain conditions and 
 for a specified time; tenure. 
 
 tenant ('ant), n. one who holds 
 lands or tenements on certain con- 
 ditions and for a specified time; oc- 
 cupant : v.t. to hold as a tenant. 
 
 tenantry (-ri), n. tenants collec- 
 tively. 
 
 tench (tench), n. a fresh- water fish 
 of the carp kind. 
 
 tend (tend), v.t. to care for; attend; 
 watch over or protect ; accompany ; 
 swing at' the turn of the tide : said 
 of a vessel : v.i. to move in a par- 
 ticular direction ; be directed to any 
 end or purpose ; contribute. 
 
 tendency (ten'den-si), n. inclina- 
 tion ; aim ; direction or course; 
 
 tender ('der), adj. easily impressed 
 or injured ; sensitive ; soft ; not 
 hard ; weak and feeble ; easily in- 
 fluenced by love, pity, &c. ; com- 
 passionate ; pathetic ; gentle ; care- 
 ful : n. a vehicle attached to a loco- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, &wl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, ^en. 
 
ten 
 
 motive containing coal and water ; 
 smaller vessel attending a larger 
 one ; an offer or proposal for ac- 
 ceptance ; offer of a sum due in 
 money under specified legal condi- 
 tions : v.t. to offer for acceptance : 
 v.i. to make an offer to do certain 
 work or supply certain goods for a 
 specified price. 
 
 tenderfoot ('der-foot), n. one who 
 is new to life in a mining region or 
 frontier district. 
 
 tenderling (-ling), n. one of the first 
 horns of a deer ; one made tender 
 by excessive care or affection. 
 
 tenderness (-nes), n. kindness; be- 
 nevolence ; sensibility ; pathos ; cau- 
 tion ; soreness. 
 
 tending (tend'ing), n. the act of at- 
 tending ; the swinging round of a 
 vessel upon her anchor. 
 
 tendinous (ten'din-us), adj. per- 
 taining to a tendon ; sinewy. 
 
 tendon ('dun), n. the hard bundle of 
 fibers which connects the muscles to 
 the bones. 
 
 tendril ('dril), n. the slender, twin- 
 ing part of a plant which attaches 
 itself to a supporting body. 
 
 tenement ('e-ment), n. a house, 
 shop, land, &c, held by a tenant; 
 dwelling house ; suite of rooms ; any 
 kind of permanent property, as land, 
 rents, &c. 
 
 tenet ('et), n. a doctrine, dogma, 
 opinion, or belief held or maintained 
 as true. 
 
 tenfold ('fold), adj. & adv. ten times 
 as much or as many. 
 
 tennis ('is), n. a game played with 
 rackets. 
 
 tenon ('un), n. the end of a timber 
 cut wedge-shaped for fitting into a 
 mortise in another timber : v.t. to 
 form tenons in. 
 
 tenor ('er), n. manner of continuity; 
 general tendency or drift ; purport 
 or substance ; exact copy of a writ- 
 ing ; the highest of adult male voices 
 between bass and alto : adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or adapted for, tenor. 
 
 tenor-clef (-kief), n. the C clef, 
 when placed on the third line of the 
 staff. 
 
 tense (tens), adj. drawn tightly; 
 rigid ; not lax : n. a modification in 
 
 1 *ep 
 
 the inflection of a verb, expressing 
 time of action. 
 
 tensely ('li), adv. with tension. 
 
 tenseness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being tense. Also ten- 
 sility. 
 
 tensile (ten'sil), adj. ductile. 
 
 tension ('shun), n. the act of stretch- 
 ing or straining ; the state of being 
 stretched ; mental strain ; strong ex- 
 citement of feeling ; expansive or 
 elastic force. 
 
 tensor ('ser), n. a muscle that 
 stretches. 
 
 tent (tent), n. a temporary shelter or 
 habitation, usually of canvas, sup- 
 ported by poles and ropes ; Recha- 
 bite lodge; plug or roll of lint for 
 dilating a wound, &c. ; a variety of 
 sacramental wine. 
 
 tentacle (ten'ta-kl), n. a process or 
 organ in certain invertebrate ani- 
 mals used for feeling, prehension, or 
 locomotion. 
 
 tentacular (-tak'u-lar), adj. pertain- 
 ing to tentacles. 
 
 tentaculum (-tak'u-lum), n. {pi. ten- 
 tacula (-la)], a tentacle. 
 
 tentative ('ta-tiv), adj. experimen- 
 tal. 
 
 tentatively (-li), adv. by experi- 
 ment. 
 
 tenter ('ter), n. a frame for stretch- 
 ing cloth on by hooks ; a tenter- 
 hook : v.t. to hang or stretch on 
 tenters. 
 
 tenter-hook (-hook), n. a sharp, 
 hooked nail ; anything that painful- 
 ly strains. 
 
 tenth (tenth), adj. next in order af- 
 ter the ninth ; the ordinal of ten. 
 
 tenuity (te-nu'i-ti), n. thinness; rar- 
 ity. 
 
 tenuous (ten'ii-us), adj. slender; not 
 dense. 
 
 tenure ('ur), n. conditions under 
 which a tenement is held ; right or 
 manner of holding real estate ; man- 
 ner of holding ; term of holding. 
 
 tepef action _(tep-e-fak'shun), n. the 
 act of warming or making tepid. 
 
 tepefy ('e-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tepe- 
 fied, p.pr. tepefying], to make tepid : 
 v.i. to become tepid. 
 
 tepid ('id), adj. moderately warm; 
 lukewarm. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tep 
 
 tepidity (te-pid'i-ti), n. moderate 
 warmth. Also tepidness. 
 
 ter, a prefix meaning three times. 
 
 teraph (ter'af), n. [pi. teraphim 
 ('a-fim)], a tutelary household god 
 or image, consulted by the ancient 
 Hebrews as an oracle. 
 
 teratology (-a-tol'o-ji), n. that 
 branch of biology which treats of 
 malformations or deviations from 
 the normal type of animal and plant 
 structure. 
 
 teree, same as tierce. 
 
 tercel (ter'sel), n. the male of the 
 falcon. Also tassel. 
 
 tercentenary (-sen'ten-a-ri), adj. 
 comprising 300 years : n. a day or 
 function commemorating some event 
 occurring 300 years before. 
 
 ter cine ('sin), n. the outer coat of 
 the ovule of a plant ; chorion. 
 
 terebinth ('e-binth), n. the turpen- 
 tine-tree. 
 
 terebinthine (-bin'thin), adj. per- 
 taining to, of the nature of, or like, 
 turpentine. 
 
 tergiversation (-jiv-er-sa'shun), n. 
 evasion; subterfuge. 
 
 term (term), n. a limit or boundary; 
 limited time ; subject or predicate of 
 a proposition ; number of a com- 
 pound mathematical quantity; ex- 
 pression ; condition or arrangement ; 
 word or expression noting something 
 peculiar to an art or science; time 
 during which the law courts are 
 open ; time during which instruc- 
 tion is given in universities, schools, 
 &c. ; time when rent is paid 
 [Scotch] : pi. conditions or stipula- 
 tions : v.t. to name, designate, or ex- 
 press. 
 
 termagant (ter'ma-gant), adj. noisy 
 and violent : n. a noisy, violent wom- 
 an. 
 
 terminal ('mi-nal), adj. pertaining 
 to the end or extremity; arranged 
 according to the terminations : n. a 
 limit or boundary ; end ; one of the 
 ends of a conducting circuit of a 
 dynamo, &c. 
 
 terminate ('mi-nat), v.t. to limit or 
 bound; end: v.i. to be limited or 
 ended. 
 
 termination (-na'shun), n. the act 
 of terminating ; a bound or limit ; 
 
 ter 
 
 end ; conclusion or result ; final syl- 
 lable or letter. 
 
 terminator ('mi-na-ter), n. one who, 
 or that which, terminates; the di- 
 viding line between the illuminated 
 and non-illuminated part of the 
 moon. 
 
 terminology (-mi-nol'o-ji), n. the 
 definition of technical terms. 
 
 terminus ('mi-nus), n. [pi. termini 
 (-nl)], a limit or boundary; station 
 at the end of a railway. 
 
 termite ('mit), n. the white ant. 
 
 tern (tern), n. an aquatic bird allied 
 to the gull : adj. arranged in threes. 
 
 ternary (ter'na-ri), adj. proceeding 
 by, or consisting of, threes : n. the 
 number 3. 
 
 Terpsicborean (terp-si-ko-re'an) , 
 adj. pertaining to Terpsichore or to 
 dancing. 
 
 terra (ter'a), n. the earth; earth. 
 
 terrace ('as), n. sl raised level space 
 or platform of earth with sloping 
 sides, usually laid with turf; flat 
 roof on an oriental house ; large 
 open balcony or gallery ; row of 
 houses : v.t. to form into a terrace. 
 
 terra cotta (kot'a), n. sl composition 
 of fine clay and sand used for stat- 
 ues, &c, and hardened by heat; a 
 work of art executed in terra cotta. 
 
 terra Japonica (ja-pon'i-ka), n. 
 pale catechu or gambier. 
 
 terrapin ('a-pin), n. a species of 
 fresh-water tortoise, much esteemed 
 for food. 
 
 terraqueous (-a'kwe-us), adj. con- 
 sisting of land and water. 
 
 terrestrial (-es'tri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, existing on, or consisting of, 
 earth ; belonging to the present 
 world ; not celestial. 
 
 terrestrially (-i), adv. in a terres- 
 trial manner. 
 
 terret ('et), n. one of the rings on 
 a harness-pad through which the 
 driving reins pass. 
 
 terrible (ter'i-bl), adj. exciting or 
 causing fear or awe; dreadful; ex- 
 treme ; severe. 
 
 terribleness (-nes), n. dreadfulness. 
 
 terribly (-bli), adv. violently; dread- 
 fully. 
 
 terrier ('i-er), n. a breed of small 
 dogs. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ter 
 
 tes 
 
 terrify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. terri- 
 fied, p.pr. terrifying], to frighten or 
 alarm exceedingly. 
 
 territorial (-i-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a territory ; limited to a par- 
 ticular district. 
 
 territorially (-li), adv. as regards 
 territory. 
 
 territory ('i-to-ri), n. [pi. territo- 
 ries (-riz) ], the extent of land with- 
 in the jurisdiction of a state, sov- 
 ereign, city, &c. ; large tract of land. 
 
 Territory, n. an undeveloped region, 
 under a temporary government, that 
 ultimately may become a State ; e. 
 g. the United States, and Canadian 
 Territories. 
 
 terror ('er), n. extreme fear; fright; 
 one who excites extreme fear. 
 
 terrorism (-izm), n. a system of 
 government by terror ; intimidation. 
 
 terrorist (-ist), n. one who governs 
 by terror, especially an agent of the 
 revolutionary tribunal during the 
 Reign of Terror in France. 
 
 terrorize (-Iz), v.t. to intimidate or 
 coerce by terror. 
 
 terry ('i), n. sl heavy corded pile 
 fabric. 
 
 terse (ters), adj. elegantly and forci- 
 bly concise. 
 
 tersely ('li), adv. in a terse manner. 
 
 terseness ('nes), n. quality of being 
 terse. 
 
 tertian (ter'shan), adj. occurring, or 
 recurring, every third day : n. an in- 
 termittent fever the paroxysms of 
 which recur every other day. 
 
 tertiary ('shi-a-ri), adj. of the third 
 order, rank, or formation. 
 
 tessellate (tes'el-at), v.t. to lay with 
 squares or checkered work. 
 
 tessera ('e-ra), n. [pi. tesserse (-re)], 
 a cube, of marble, glass, &c, used in 
 mosaic work. 
 
 test (test), n. anything by which the 
 nature of a substance is tried ; ex- 
 amination by a cupel ; standard ; 
 discrimination ; proof : v.t . to put to 
 the proof; compare with a stand- 
 ard ; try ; refine in a cupel ; examine 
 or try by means of a reagent. 
 
 testa (tes'ta), n. [pi. testae ('te)], 
 the outer integument or covering of 
 a seed ; shelly covering of certain 
 animals. 
 
 testaceous (-ta'shus), adj. consist- 
 ing of, or having, a hard shell. 
 
 testacy Cta-si), n. the state or fact 
 of leaving a valid will. 
 
 testament ('ta-ment), n. a solemn, 
 authentic instrument in writing dis- 
 posing of the estate of a person 
 deceased ; will. 
 
 Testament, n. one of the two great 
 divisions of the Bible. 
 
 testamentary (-men'ta-ri), adj. per- 
 taining to, bequeathed by, or done 
 by, a will. Also testamental. 
 
 testate ('tat), adj. having left a 
 will. 
 
 testator (-ta'ter), n. one who makes 
 and leaves a will. Fern, testatrix. 
 
 tester ('ter), n. an old English coin, 
 value 6d. ; a flat canopy ; one who 
 tests. 
 
 testes ('tez), n.pl. the testicles. 
 
 testicle ('ti-kl), n. one of the two 
 glands which secrete the seminal 
 fluid in males. 
 
 testify ('ti-fi), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. testi- 
 fied, p.pr. testifying], to bear wit- 
 ness ; make a solemn declaration : 
 give evidence : v.t. affirm or declare 
 solemnly on oath ; bear witness to. 
 
 testily ('ti-li), adv. in a testy man- 
 ner. 
 
 testimonial (-ti-mo'ni-al), n. a writ- 
 ing or certificate bearing testimony 
 to character, proficiency, &c. ; a 
 present given as a token of respect ; 
 acknowledgment of services ren- 
 dered, &c. : adj. pertaining to, or 
 containing testimony. 
 
 testimony (-ti-mo-ni), n. [pi. testi- 
 monies (-niz)], evidence; proof; 
 solemn declaration ; profession ; the 
 two tables of the Law ; divine reve- 
 lation. 
 
 testiness (test'i-nes), n. peevishness. 
 
 testing ('ing), n. the operation of 
 refining gold and silver ; assay ; 
 proof ; trial. 
 
 testis (tes'tis), n. [pi. testes ('tez)], 
 a testicle. 
 
 testudinal (-tii'di-nal), adj. tortoise- 
 like. 
 
 testudinate ('di-nat), adj. arched 
 like a tortoise's shell. 
 
 testudo (-tu'do), n. [pi. testudines 
 ('di-nez)], a protective covering 
 used by the ancient Roman soldiers 
 
 Site, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tes 
 
 tha 
 
 in besieging a city, by overlapping 
 their shields ; a screen to shelter 
 miners in places likely to cave in ; 
 an encysted tumor. 
 
 testy (tes'ti), adj. [comp. testier, su- 
 perl. testiest] , peevish ; morose ; 
 irritable. 
 
 tetanus (tet'a-nus), n. lockjaw. 
 
 tetchy, same as techy. 
 
 tete-a-tete (tat-a-tat'), n. private or 
 confidential conversation ; a kind of 
 ^settee. 
 
 tete-de-pont (-de-pong'), n. Ipl. 
 tetes-de-pont], a work thrown up to 
 defend the entrance of a bridge. 
 
 tether (teth'er) , n. a rope for con- 
 fining an animal within certain lim- 
 its ; scope or freedom allowed : v.t . 
 to confine, as an animal, within 
 certain limits. 
 
 tetra, a prefix meaning four, as tetra- 
 branchiate, adj. having four bran- 
 chiae or gills. 
 
 tetra chord (tet'ra-kord), n. half of 
 the octave scale [Music] ; an in- 
 strument with four strings. 
 
 tetrad ('rad), n. the number 4; col- 
 lection of four things ; tetravalent 
 radical or element. 
 
 tetragon ( f ra-gon), n. a plane figure 
 with four sides and four angles. 
 
 Tetragrammaton (-gram'a-ton), n. 
 the mystic number 4 symbolical 
 among the ancient Jews of the Deity. 
 
 tetrahedral (-he'dral), adj. four- 
 sided. 
 
 tetrahedron (-he'dron), n. a solid 
 figure bounded by four triangles. 
 
 tetrameter (te-tram'e-ter), n. a 
 verse or line consisting of four 
 measures. 
 
 tetrapod (tet'ra-pod), n. a four- 
 footed insect. 
 
 tetrarch (te'trark), n. sl Roman gov- 
 ernor whose jurisdiction extended 
 over the fourth part of a province ; 
 petty prince. 
 
 tetrarchate (-at), n. the office or 
 jurisdiction of a tetrarch. Also 
 tetrarchy. 
 
 tetrastyle (tet'ra-stil), n. a building 
 or portico with four columns in 
 front. 
 
 tetter ('er), n. a cutaneous disease 
 characterized by itching and red- 
 ness , herpes. 
 
 Teuton (tii'ton), n. one of the Ger- 
 man race. 
 
 Teutonic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 characteristic of, the Teutons or the 
 Teutonic languages, Low German, 
 Scandinavian, and High German. 
 
 Teutonism ('on-izm), 11. a German- 
 ism. 
 
 texas (teks'as), n. the pilot-house, 
 &c, on the hurricane deck of a 
 steamer. 
 
 text (tekst), n. that on which a com- 
 ment is written ; original words of 
 an author ; verse, &c, of Scripture 
 forming the subject of a sermon ; 
 topic ; theme for composition, argu- 
 ment, &c. ; text-hand. 
 
 text-book ('book), n. a standard 
 book of instruction. 
 
 text-hand ('hand), n. a large hand 
 in writing. 
 
 textile (teks'til), adj. pertaining to, 
 or formed by, weaving; capable of 
 being woven. 
 
 textual ('tu-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 contained in, or serving for, a text. 
 
 texture ('tQr), n. manner of weav- 
 ing ; web ; disposition of the several 
 parts of a body in connection with 
 each other ; filaments or fibers inter- 
 woven ; tissue. 
 
 thalamus (thal'a-mus), n. the place 
 where a nerve originates or is sup- 
 posed to originate; receptacle of a 
 flower. 
 
 thalassic (tha-las'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or formed in, the sea. 
 
 thalassography (thal-as-og'ra-fi), n. 
 the science of marine organisms. 
 
 thaler (ta'ler), n. a German silver 
 coin, value about 72 cents. 
 
 thallium (thal'i-um), n. a rare me- 
 tallic element. 
 
 than (than), conj. used after the 
 comparative degree of adjectives 
 and adverbs expressing diversity or 
 comparison. 
 
 thanage (than'aj), n. the district or 
 jurisdiction of a thane. 
 
 thanatoid (than'a-toid), adj. death- 
 like. 
 
 thanatology (-a-tol'o-ji), n. a trea- 
 tise on, or the doctrine of, death. 
 
 thane (than), n. a title of honor or 
 dignity among the Anglo-Saxons, 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tha • 
 
 held by persons having large terri- 
 torial possessions. 
 
 thaneship ('ship), n. the dignity, 
 state, or property of a thane. 
 
 thank (thangk), v.t. to express grati- 
 tude or obligation to. 
 
 thankful ('fool), adj. grateful. 
 
 thankfully (-li), adv. gratefully. 
 
 thankless ('les), adj. ungrateful; 
 not obtaining or deserving thanks. 
 
 thanks (thangks), n.pl. an expres- 
 sion of gratitude or obligation. 
 
 thanksgiving (thangks-giv'ing), n. 
 the act of expressing gratitude for 
 favors and mercies ; a public cele- 
 bration of divine goodness ; a day 
 so set apart. 
 
 Thanksgiving Day (da), n. a day 
 set apart annually, usually the last 
 Thursday in November, for thanks- 
 giving to God for national mercies. 
 
 that (that), pron. & adj. [pi. those 
 ( thoz ) ] , not this but the other : 
 conj. because; since. 
 
 thatch (thach), n. straw, reeds, &c, 
 used for covering the roofs of cot- 
 tages, stacks, &c. : v.t. to cover with, 
 or as with, thatch. 
 
 thaumatrope (thaw'ma-trop), n. an 
 optical toy for showing the per- 
 sistence of an impression on the eye 
 after the luminous object is with- 
 drawn. 
 
 thaumaturgic (-ter'jik), adj. per- 
 taining to, or done by, thaumatur- 
 gy : n. legerdemain ; magical feats. 
 
 thaumaturgy ('ma-ter-ji), n. the 
 act of performing miracles ; legerde- 
 main ; magic. 
 
 thaw (thaw), v.i. to melt or become 
 liquid, as ice or snow ; become milder 
 or more genial : v.t. to dissolve : n. 
 the melting of ice or snow by rise 
 of temperature. 
 
 thea (the'a), n. the tea plant. 
 
 theater, theatre ('a-ter), n. a pub- 
 lic building where dramatic repre- 
 sentations are given ; large room 
 arranged for lectures, anatomical 
 demonstrations, &c. ; scene or sphere 
 of action. 
 
 theatrical (-at'ri-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or adapted for, a theater, or 
 scenic representations ; resembling 
 the manner of actors; histrionic, 
 
 the 
 
 pompous : n.pl. dramatic perform- 
 ances. 
 
 theatrically (-li), adv. in at manner 
 adapted for the stage. 
 
 theatrophone ('ro-fon), n. an auto- 
 matic telephone connected with a 
 theater by which a person may hear 
 a dramatic performance while seat- 
 ed at home. 
 
 thebaine ('ba-in), n. sl poisonous 
 alkaloid found in opium. Also the- 
 bin. 
 
 Theban ('ban), adj. pertaining to 
 Thebes, or to its inhabitants. 
 
 Theban Year (yer), n. the ancient 
 Egyptian year consisting of 365 
 days, 6 hours. 
 
 theca ('ka),«w. a sheath; seed-case 
 of a fern. 
 
 thee (the), pron. objective case of 
 thou. 
 
 theft (theft), n. the act of stealing; 
 robbery. 
 
 theine (the'in), n. the bitter and vol- 
 atile principle of tea, identical with 
 caffeine in_ coffee. 
 
 theirs (th&rz), pron.pl. possessive 
 case of they. 
 
 theism (the'izm), n. the belief in the 
 existence of a God: opposed to 
 atheism. 
 
 theist (/ist), n. one who believes in 
 the existence of a God: opposed to 
 atheist. 
 
 theistic Cik), adj. pertaining to the-; 
 ism or theists. Also theistical. 
 
 them (them), pron. the objective case 
 of they. 
 
 theme (them), n. the subject or topic 
 of a discourse or dissertation ; short 
 essay on a given subject ; radical of 
 a noun or verb ; series of notes se- 
 lected as the subject of a new com- 
 position [Music]. 
 
 then (then), conj. in consequence; 
 therefore; in that case: adv. next; 
 at that or another time ; imme- 
 diately. 
 
 thence (thens), adv. from that place 
 or time. 
 
 theobromine (the'o-bro'min), n. an 
 alkaloid contained in cacao-beans. 
 
 theocracy (-ok'ra-si), n. the govern- 
 ment of a state by the immediate 
 direction of God ; the state thus gov- 
 erned. 
 
 fits, firm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
the 
 
 the 
 
 theocrasy ('ra-si), n. a mixture of 
 the worship of different deities, as 
 of God and idols; the intimate 
 union of the soul with God in con- 
 templation. 
 
 theocrat ('o-krat), n. one living un- 
 der a theocracy. 
 
 theocratic (-krat'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to a theocracy ; administered by 
 the immediate direction of God. 
 
 theodicy (-od'i-si), n. a vindication 
 of the dealings of divine Providence, 
 and the freedom of the human will. 
 
 theodolite (-od'o-Ht), n. an instru- 
 ment for measuring horizontal and 
 vertical angles and ascertaining dis- 
 tances and heights. 
 
 theodolitic (-lit'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, or ascertained by means of, the 
 theodolite. 
 
 theogony (-og'o-ni), n. that branch 
 of mythology which treats of the 
 origin or genealogy of ancient dei- 
 ties ; a poem treating of such gene- 
 alogies. 
 
 theologian (-6-lo'ji-an), n. one 
 versed in theology ; professor of di- 
 vinity ; a divine. 
 
 theological (-loj'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to theology. 
 
 theology (-ol'o-ji), n. [pi. theologies 
 (-Ji z )L the science that treats of 
 the existence, nature, and attributes 
 of God, especially of man's relations 
 to God ; divinity. 
 
 theophany (-of'a-ni), n. a manifesta- 
 tion of God to man by actual ex- 
 perience. 
 
 theorbo (-Sr'bo), n. a kind of large 
 lute with two necks. 
 
 theorem ( 'o-rem ) , n. a proposition to 
 be proved. 
 
 theoretical (-o-ret'i-kal), adj. per- 
 taining to, or depending on, theory ; 
 not practical ; speculative. Also 
 theoretic. 
 
 theoretically (-li), adv. in or by 
 theory. 
 
 theoretics ('iks), n.pl. the specula- 
 tive part of a science. 
 
 theorist ('o-rist), n. one who theo- 
 rizes ; speculatist. 
 
 theorize ('o-riz), v.i. to form a the- 
 ory or theories ; speculate. 
 
 theory ('o-ri), n. [pi. theories (-riz)], 
 an exposition of the abstract prin- 
 
 ciples of a science or art considered 
 apart from practice ; hypothesis ; 
 philosophical explanation of moral 
 or physical phenomena. 
 
 theosophic (-o-sof'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to theosophy or theosophists. 
 Also theosophical. 
 
 theosophism (-os'6-fizm), n. preten- 
 sion to divine wisdom or illumina- 
 tion. 
 
 theosophist ('o-fist), n. a believer in 
 theosophy. Also theosoph. 
 
 theosophy ('o-fi), n. a system of 
 philosophy which professes to inves- 
 tigate the unexplained laws of na- 
 ture, the powers of man over nature, 
 and the direct knowledge of God at- 
 tained by extraordinary illumina- 
 tion. 
 
 therapeutic (ther-a-pti'tik), adj. 
 curative : n.pl. the art or science of 
 curing diseases. 
 
 there (thav), adv. in that place; at 
 that point or stage. 
 
 therefore (f/iar' or ther'idr), adv. & 
 conj. for that or this reason; for 
 that reason or purpose. 
 
 therm, a prefix meaning heat. Also 
 thermo. 
 
 thermae (ther'me), n.pl. hot springs 
 or baths. 
 
 thermal ('mal), adj. pertaining to 
 heat ; warm. 
 
 thermetrograph (-met'ro-graf), n. a 
 self-registering thermometer. Also 
 thermometrograph. 
 
 thermometer (-mom'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring the degree 
 of heat or temperature of bodies. 
 
 thermometric (-mo-met'rik), adj. 
 pertaining to, made, or ascertained 
 by, a thermometer. Also thermo- 
 metrical. , 
 
 thermometrically (-al-i), adv. by 
 means of a thermometer. 
 
 thermopile ('mo-pil), n. an instru- 
 ment for indicating slight variations 
 of temperature. 
 
 thermos cope ('mo-skop), n. an in- 
 strument indicating relative differ- 
 ences in temperature. 
 
 thermostat ('mo-stat), n. an auto- 
 matic apparatus for regulating tem- 
 perature. 
 
 thermotic (-mot'ik), adj. pertaining 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boSn, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
the 
 
 thi 
 
 to, or produced by, heat : n.pl. the 
 science of heat. 
 
 thermotropism ('ro-pizm), n. the 
 phenomena exhibited by some plants 
 of turning towards the sun or source 
 of heat. 
 
 thesaurus (the-saw'rus), n. a store- 
 house or treasury ; lexicon or dic- 
 tionary. 
 
 these, pi. of this. 
 
 thesis (the'sis), n. [pi. theses ('sez)], 
 an essay or dissertation on some 
 particular subject ; subject set a 
 student on which to write prior to 
 granting him a degree ; the exercise 
 itself; in logic, an affirmation. 
 
 Thespian ('pi-an), adj. pertaining to 
 Thespis, the founder of Greek 
 drama : hence dramatic. 
 
 theta (the'ta), n. the Greek th (0), 
 
 theurgic (-er'jik), adj. pertaining to 
 theurgy or supernatural magic. 
 
 thews (thuz), n.pl. muscles; strength. 
 
 they, pi. of he, she, or it. 
 
 thick (thik), adj. not thin; compact; 
 dense ; not clear or transparent ; 
 misty ; muddy ; indistinct ; dull ; 
 very intimate ; closely set ; crowded ; 
 following in quick succession : adv. 
 closely ; indistinctly ; to a great 
 depth ; fast : n. the thickest part. 
 
 thicken ('n), v.t. to make thick or 
 thicker ; render dense ; inspissate ; 
 make dark or obscure : v.i. become 
 thick or thicker. 
 
 thickening ('en-ing), n. something 
 added to a liquid mass to make it 
 thicker. 
 
 thicket ('et), n. a close wood or clus- 
 ter of trees. 
 
 thickset ('set), adj. closely planted; 
 having a thick body : n. a close, 
 thick hedge. 
 
 thief (thef), n. [pi. thieves (thevz)], 
 one who takes unlawfully what is 
 not his own. 
 
 thieve (thev), v.t. & v.i. to steal. 
 
 thievish ('ish), adj. addicted to 
 theft ; dishonest ; obtained by steal- 
 ing. 
 
 thigh (thi), n. the thick muscular 
 part of the leg between the knee and 
 the trunk. 
 
 thill (thil), n. the shaft of a cart or 
 other vehicle ; floor of a coal mine. 
 
 thiller ('er), n. the shaft horse. 
 
 thimble (thim'bl), n. a cup-shaped 
 metallic protective cover for the fin- 
 ger in sewing ; anything like a thim- 
 ble ; an iron ring belonging to a sail, 
 fitted to receive a rope. 
 
 thimble-rig (-rig), n. a sleight-of- 
 hand trick in which a pea is pre- 
 tended to be hidden under one of 
 three thimbles: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 -rigged, p.pr. -rigging], to cheat by 
 means of the thimble-rig trick. 
 
 thin (thin), adj. [comp. thinner, su- 
 perl. thinnest], having little thick- 
 ness ; slim ; slender ; not dense or 
 thick ; not close or crowded ; poor ; 
 slight ; meager ; not full or well 
 grown : adv. not thickly : v.t. to 
 make thin ; attenuate : v.i. to grow 
 thin. 
 
 thine (thin), pron. & adj. belonging 
 to, relating to, or being the property 
 of, thee. 
 
 thing (thing), n. whatever is dis- 
 tinct, or conceived to be distinct, 
 from one's self or other intelligent 
 beings ; inanimate matter ; part or 
 portion ; an object of pity and con- 
 tempt : pi. clothes; furniture; lug- 
 gage, &c. 
 
 think (thingk), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 thought, p.pr. thinking], to have the 
 mind occupied on some subject ; 
 form an opinion by reasoning ; be- 
 lieve ; judge ; intend or purpose ; 
 imagine ; recollect ; consider or re- 
 flect ; presume : v.t. to imagine. 
 
 thinkable ('a-bl), adj. conceivable. 
 
 thinking ('ing), adj. having the fac- 
 ulty of thought ; capable of a regular 
 train of thought: n. meditation; 
 judgment. 
 
 thinness (thin'nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being thin. 
 
 third ( therd ) , adj. the next after the 
 second : the ordinal of three ; noting 
 one of 3 equal parts : n. a third part 
 of anything; an interval of three 
 diatonic sounds and two intervals 
 [Music]. 
 
 thirst (therst), n. the sensation of a 
 desire to drink ; great desire ^ for 
 drink ; drought ; eager desire : v.i. to 
 be thirsty. 
 
 thirstily ('i-li), adv. in a thirsty 
 
 ftte, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tlli 
 
 thr 
 
 thirstiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being thirsty. 
 
 thirsty ('i), adj. [comp. thirstier, su- 
 pcrl. thirstiest], feeling thirst. 
 
 thirteen ( ther'ten ) , adj. 10 and 3 : n. 
 the number of 10 and 3. 
 
 thirteenth ('tenth), adj. next in or- 
 der after the twelfth : the ordinal of 
 thirteen. 
 
 thirtieth ('ti-eth), adj. next in order 
 after the twenty-ninth. 
 
 thirty ('ti), adj. three times more 
 than 10 : n. the sum of three tens. 
 
 this (this), pron. & adj. [pi. these, 
 ( thez ) ] , that which is present ; that 
 which is just now or last mentioned. 
 
 thistle (this'l), n. a plant with a 
 prickly stem and leaves, of the genus 
 Carduus. 
 
 thither (thifft'er), adv. to that place 
 or end. 
 
 thole (thol), n. a pin set in the gun- 
 wale of a boat to serve as a fulcrum 
 for the oar. 
 
 thong (thong) , n. a thin leather strap 
 or string for fastening something ; 
 striking part of a whip. 
 
 thoracic (tho-ras'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to the thorax. 
 
 thorax ('raks), n. the chest, contain- 
 ing the heart, lungs, &c. ; breast- 
 plate or cuirass. 
 
 thorite (tho'rit), n. an isometric 
 mineral ; a powerful high explosive. 
 
 thorium ('ri-um), n. a rare metallic 
 element. Also thorinum. 
 
 thorn (th6rn), n. a prickle or spine; 
 prickly tree or shrub ; anything that 
 troubles or annoys ; care. 
 
 thornback ('bak), n. a species of 
 spiny ray or skate. 
 
 thorny ('i), adj. full of thorns; har- 
 assing ; annoying. 
 
 thorough (thur'o), adj. passing 
 through or to the end ; perfect ; fin- 
 ished ; complete. 
 
 thorough bass (bas), n. the science 
 of harmony ; an accompaniment to 
 a continued bass by means of figures 
 [Music J. 
 
 thorough-bred (-bred), adj. of pure 
 and unmixed breed ; completely in- 
 structed ; accomplished ; high-spir- 
 ited. 
 
 thoroughfare (-far), n. a passage 
 
 from one street opening to another ; 
 an unobstructed way for traffic. 
 
 thoroughly (-li), adv. completely; 
 fully. 
 
 thorough-paced (past), adj. going 
 all lengths ; complete. 
 
 those, pi. of that. 
 
 thou (thou), pron. [pi. you], 2 per. 
 sing, of I. 
 
 though (tho), conj. granting, or sup- 
 posing that ; notwithstanding that ; 
 if : adv. nevertheless ; however. 
 
 thought ( thawt ) , n. the act of think- 
 ing ; that which the mind thinks ; 
 meditation ; study ; care or anxiety : 
 p.t. & p.p. of think. 
 
 thoughtful ('fool), adj. full of 
 thought ; contemplative ; attentive ; 
 considerate for others; anxious or 
 careful. 
 
 thoughtfully ('0, adv. in a thought- 
 ful manner ; with thought. 
 
 thoughtless ('les), adj. unthinking; 
 heedless; inattentive; inconsiderate. 
 
 thought-reading ('re-ding), n. the 
 act or art of discerning what anoth- 
 er person is thinking of; mind-read- 
 ing. 
 
 thought-reader ('re-der), n. one 
 who practices thought-reading. 
 
 thousand (thou'zand), adj. consist- 
 ing of 1,000 : n. 1,000 ; a large num- 
 ber. 
 
 thousandth ('zandth), adj. next in 
 order after 999th: the ordinal of 
 1,000. 
 
 thraldom (thrawl'dum), n. serfdom; 
 slavery. 
 
 thrall (thrawl), n. a slave; serf. 
 
 thrash (thrash), v.t. to beat out 
 (grain) from the husk; beat or flog 
 .soundly : v.i. to perform the opera- 
 tion of thrashing; drudge. 
 
 thrasher ('er), n. one who thrashes ; 
 a species of shark, the sea-fox ; a 
 thrashing machine. 
 
 thrashing ('ing), n. the operation of 
 separating grain from the husk ; a 
 sound flogging. 
 
 thread (thred), n. a very thin line or 
 cord of flax, cotton, silk, or other 
 fibrous substance twisted and drawn 
 out ; a filament ; uniform tenor ; 
 something continued in a long 
 course ; spiral part of a screw : v.t. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 D. 52. book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
thr 
 
 thr 
 
 to pass through the eye of; pierce 
 through. 
 
 threadbare ('bar), adj. worn to the 
 threads ; poverty-stricken ; hack- 
 neyed; dull. 
 
 threat (thret), n. a menace: v.t. & 
 v.i. to menace. 
 
 threaten ('n), v.i. to use threats: v.t. 
 terrify by menaces. 
 
 threatening (-ing), n. the act of one 
 who threatens ; menace : adj. indi- 
 cating a menace or some impending 
 evil. 
 
 three (thre), adj. noting the sum of 
 2 and 1 : n. sl number the sum of 2 
 and 1. 
 
 threepence (thrip'ens), n. a small 
 British silver coin, value 6 cents. 
 
 threnody (thren'o-di), n. a dirge. 
 
 thresh, same as thrash. 
 
 threshold (thresh'old), n. the sill of 
 a door ; entrance ; door ; place or 
 point of entrance. 
 
 threw, p.t. of throw. 
 
 thrice (thrls), adv. three times; re- 
 peatedly. 
 
 thrift (thrift), n. frugality; econom- 
 ical management ; good husbandry ; 
 increase of wealth ; profit ; a plant. 
 
 thriftily ('i-li), adv. in a thrifty 
 manner. 
 
 thrift iness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being thrifty. 
 
 thrifty ('i), adj. [comp. thriftier, su- 
 perl, thriftiest], characterized by 
 economy and good management ; 
 frugal. 
 
 thrill (thril), v.t. to pierce; cause to 
 have a shivering, tingling, or ex- 
 quisite sensation : v.i. to penetrate, 
 as something sharp ; feel a sharp 
 tingling or exquisite Sensation run- 
 ning through the whole body ; quiv- 
 er : n. a thrilling sensation ; quiver. 
 
 thrive (thrlv), v.i. [p.t. thrived, 
 throve, p.p. thrived, thriven, p.pr. 
 thriving], to prosper by industry, 
 economy, and good management; in- 
 crease or prosper in business, &c. ; 
 grow rich ; grow vigorously or lux- 
 uriantly ; increase or flourish. 
 
 thriving ('ing), p. adj. increasing in 
 
 " wealth ; prosperous or successful ; 
 growing. 
 
 thro', contr. of through. 
 
 throat (throt), n. the fore-part of 
 
 the neck of an animal containing 
 the windpipe and gullet ; contracting 
 part of a vessel, &c. 
 
 throatiness ('i-nes), n. guitural ut- 
 terance. 
 
 throaty ('i), adj. guttural. 
 
 throb (throb), v.i. to beat, as the 
 pulse, with more than usual force ; 
 palpitate : n. a strong pulsation. 
 
 throe (thro), n. agony ; extreme pain, 
 especially in parturition : v.i. to be 
 in agony. 
 
 thrombosis (throm-bo'sis), n. the 
 obstruction of a blood-vessel by a 
 clot of blood. 
 
 throne (thron), n. a chair of state; 
 sovereign power and dignity : v.t. to 
 place upon a throne ; exalt. 
 
 throng (throng), n. a multitude; 
 crowd: v.t. to crowd or press to- 
 gether ; annoy with numbers : v.i. to 
 come in multitudes. 
 
 throstle (thros'l), n. the song-thrush ; 
 a machine for spinning wool and 
 cotton. 
 
 throstling ('ling), n, a disease in 
 cattle, characterized by a swelling in 
 the throat. 
 
 throttle (throt'l), v.t. to strangle or 
 choke by pressure on the windpipe : 
 n. the windpipe ; a throttle-valve. 
 
 throttle- valve (-valv), n. a valve in 
 the steam-pipe of a boiler for con- 
 trolling the flow of steam to any ap- 
 paratus. 
 
 through (throo), prep, from end to 
 end of ; between the sides of ; in the 
 midst of ; among ; by the agency of : 
 adv. from end to end; from the be- 
 ginning to the end. 
 
 throve, p.t. of thrive. 
 
 throw (thro), v.t. [p.t. threw, p.p. 
 thrown, p.pr. throwing], to fling or 
 hurl ; cast to a distance ; cast in any 
 manner ; propel ; overturn ; put on 
 hastily or carelessly ; strip ; shape 
 or form roughly ; give utterance to ; 
 produce ; twist or wind : n. the act 
 of flinging or hurling ; a cast of dice ; 
 distance a missile can be thrown ; 
 stroke, as of a slide-valve; potter's 
 wheel. 
 
 thrum, (thrum), n. the end of a 
 weaver's thread; coarse yarn: v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. thrummed, p.pr. thrum- 
 ming] , to fringe or put tufts on ; play 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; htie, hut; think, *7ien. 
 
thr 
 
 thy 
 
 idly or unskilfully on (a stringed in- 
 strument) with the fingers: v.i. to 
 strum ; drum. 
 
 thrush, (thrush), n. a sweet-songed 
 bird of the genus Merula; a disease 
 of infants characterized by minute 
 white ulcers in the mouth and 
 fauces; an inflammatory and sup- 
 purating affection in the feet of 
 horses. 
 
 thrust (thrust), v.t. to push or drive 
 with force ; urge or impel : v.i. to 
 push forward ; enter by pushing ; in- 
 trude; attack with a pointed weap- 
 on: n. a violent or sudden push; 
 stab. 
 
 thrusting ('ing), n. the act of push- 
 ing with force or violence : pi. white 
 whey expressed from the curd. 
 
 thud (thud), n. a dull sound produced 
 by a body falling on a comparative- 
 ly soft substance. 
 
 thug (thug), n. one of a fraternity of 
 robbers and assassins in India who 
 practiced secret murder as an act of 
 propitiation to the goddess Kali ; a 
 ruffian. 
 
 thuggee (-§'), n. the practice of mur- 
 der by the thugs. Also thuggism, 
 thuggery. 
 
 Thule (thu'le), n. the name given by 
 the ancient geographers to the most 
 northern part of the world as then 
 known. 
 
 thumb (thum), n. the short, thick 
 digit of the human hand : v.t. to 
 handle awkwardly ; soil with the 
 thumb : v.i. to play awkwardly. 
 
 thumbscrew ('skroo), n. a screw to 
 turn with the finger and thumb ; an 
 instrument of torture for compress- 
 ing the thumb. Also thumbkins. 
 
 thummim ('im), n.pl. a mysterious 
 symbol worn on the breastplate of 
 the Jewish high priest signifying 
 perfection. 
 
 thump (thump), n. a hard, heavy 
 blow : v.t . to strike or beat with dull 
 heavy blows : v.i. to fall or strike 
 with a dull heavy blow. 
 
 thumper ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, thumps ; something huge ; 
 barefaced lie. 
 
 thunder (thun'der), n. the noise ac- 
 companying a flash of lightning; 
 loud noise ; an alarming denuncia- 
 
 tion or threat : v.i. to produce thun- 
 der ; make a loud noise : v.t. to utter 
 with a loud and threatening voice. 
 
 thunderbolt (-bolt), n. a shaft of 
 lightning ; something resembling 
 lightning in suddenness and terror ; 
 dreadful denunciation, especially ec- 
 clesiastical censure ; daring or irre- 
 sistible hero ; a belemnite. 
 
 thundering (-ing), adj. emitting, or 
 producing a great noise like thun- 
 der ; very great : n. the report ac- 
 companying a discharge of lightning. 
 
 thunderstruck (-struk), p.adj. as- 
 tonished or struck dumb by sudden 
 amazement, &c. 
 
 thundery (-i), adj. produced by, or 
 accompanied with, thunder. Also 
 thunderous. 
 
 thurible (thu'ri-bl), n. a censer. 
 
 thurifer ('ri-fer), w.one who attends 
 the priest at mass, &c, and carries 
 the thurible. 
 
 Thursday (therz'da), n. the fifth day 
 of the week. 
 
 thus (thus), adv. in this or that man- 
 ner ; to this degree or extent ; so : n. 
 (thus) the resin of the spruce fir. 
 
 thwack (thwak), v.t. to strike with 
 something flat and heavy; thump: 
 n. a heavy blow with something 
 blunt and hard ; thump .^ 
 
 thwart (thwawrt), adj. crosswise; 
 oblique : prep. & adv. across : n. a 
 seat in a boat extending from side to 
 side : v.t. oppose ; run counter to ; 
 frustrate. 
 
 thy {thl), pron. poss.xCase of thou. 
 
 thyine (thi'in), adj. noting a kind of 
 wood of the cedar family yielding a 
 resin called sandarach. 
 
 thylacine (thtt'a-sin), n. the zebra 
 wolf of New Zealand. 
 
 thyme (tim), n. a common aromatic 
 herb of the genus Thymus. 
 
 thyroid (thi'roid) , adj. shield-shaped : 
 noting one of the cartilages of the 
 larynx. 
 
 thyrsoid (ther'soid), adj. thyrsus- 
 shaped. 
 
 thyrsus ('sus), n. [pi. thyrsi ('si)], 
 a staff or spear entwined with ivy 
 and vine leaves and grapes with a 
 cone at the top, carried at the festi- 
 vals of Bacchus by his devotees. 
 
 thyself, emphatic for thy. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tia 
 
 tiara (ti-a'ra), n. the triple crown 
 worn by the Pope ; a lofty headdress 
 worn by the ancient Persians; the 
 miter of the Jewish high priest; 
 diadem. 
 
 tibia (tib'i-a), n. the inner and larger 
 of the two leg bones ; shin-bone. 
 
 tibial ('i-al), adj. pertaining to the 
 tibia. 
 
 tic (tik), n. neuralgia. Also tic-dou- 
 loureux. 
 
 tick (tik), n. a name for various par- 
 asites which infest dogs, sheep, &c. ; 
 a case for holding feathers, &c, for 
 bedding ; small mark ; small, quick, 
 distinct sound or beat ; credit : v.i. 
 to make a small, quick, distinct 
 sound ; go on credit : v.t. to mark off 
 by a tick. 
 
 ticket ('et), n. a label or card giving 
 its possessor some specific right; la- 
 bel specifying price, &c, of goods ; 
 printed list of candidates at an elec- 
 tion : v.t. to distinguish by, or as by, 
 a ticket. 
 
 ticking ('ing), n. cloth used for 
 bed-ticks. 
 
 tickle ('i), v.t. to touch lightly so as 
 to produce a thrilling sensation, usu- 
 ally accompanied by laughter ; grat- 
 ify and amuse : v.i. to feel titillation. 
 
 tickler Cler), n. one who, or that, 
 which tickles ; something puzzling or 
 difficult. 
 
 ticklisk ('lish), adj. sensible to slight 
 touches ; easily tickled ; critical ; pre- 
 carious ; difficult ; delicate to handle 
 or achieve. 
 
 tickseed ('sed), n. a common name 
 for plants of the genera Corisper- 
 mum and Coreopsis. 
 
 tidal (tid'al), adj. pertaining to the 
 tides; ebbing and flowing like the 
 tides. 
 
 tide (tid), n. the regular rising and 
 falling of the sea, rivers, &c. ; 
 stream ; time ; season ; turning- 
 point ; tendency ; in mining, period 
 of twelve hours : v.t. to drive with 
 the stream : v.i. to work in or out of 
 a river or harbor by drifting with 
 the tide. 
 
 tidily ('i-li), adv. in a tidy manner. 
 
 tidiness ('i-nes), n. neatness. 
 
 tidings ('ingz), n.pl. news. 
 
 tig 
 
 tidology (-ol'o-ji), n. the science of 
 tides. 
 
 tidy ('0, adj. [eomp. tidier, superl. 
 tidiest], kept or dressed in proper 
 and habitual neatness ; trim ; neat ; 
 orderly : n. an ornamental cover for 
 the back of a chair, &c. : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. tidied, p.pr. tidying], to make 
 neat or tidy ; put in proper order. 
 
 tie (ti), n. a knot or fastening; bond; 
 obligation ; beam or rod for holding 
 two parts together ; equality in num- 
 bers ; knot of hair ; curved line 
 placed over or under two or more 
 notes, signifying they are to be 
 slurred, or be sounded as one 
 [Music] : v.t. to fasten with, or as 
 with, a cord ; bind ; restrict ; unite, 
 as notes [Music] : v.i. to make an 
 equal score. 
 
 tier (ter), n. sl row or rank, especial- 
 ly one of two or more rows placed 
 one above the other. 
 
 tierce (ters) , n. a cask of 42 gallons ; 
 sequence of three cards ; thrust in 
 fencing; a third [Music]. 
 
 tiercel (ter'sel), n. a male hawk. 
 
 tiff (tif), n. a fit of anger; slight 
 quarrel ; small draught of liquor : 
 v.i. to be in a fit. 
 
 tiffany ('a-ni), n. a thin gauze or 
 silk. 
 
 tige (tezh), n. the shaft of a column 
 from the astragal to the capital. 
 
 tiger (ti'ger), n. a large, fierce, rapa- 
 cious quadruped of the genus Felis ; 
 a servant-boy in livery. 
 
 tiger-flower (-flou-er), n. a flower 
 of the Iris order, spotted yellow and 
 orange. 
 
 tiger-lily (-lil-i), n. a handsome lily 
 having flowers spotted with orange. 
 
 tiger-wood (-wood), n. a valuable 
 wood yielded by a tree of British 
 Guiana. 
 
 tight (tit), adj. not loose; close; 
 tenacious ; compactly built ; fitting 
 close to the body ; not leaky ; taut ; 
 snug ; parsimonious ; ill-supplied or 
 stringent ; drunk : n.pl. closely fitting 
 underclothing worn by actors. 
 
 tighten ('en), v.t. to make tight. 
 
 tigress (tl'gres), n. the female of the 
 tiger. 
 
 tigrine ('grin), adj. tiger-like. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tig 
 
 tigrish, ('grish), adj. resembling a 
 tiger ; fierce. 
 
 tilde (til'de), n. a mark (~ ) placed 
 over n in Spanish words to indicate 
 that the vowel following it is to be 
 sounded as a y. 
 
 tile (til), n. a thin slab of baked clay, 
 used for roofing, &c. ; hat ; door of a 
 Masonic lodge : v.t. to cover with 
 tiles; guard (the door of a lodge). 
 
 tiler ('er), n. one who roofs houses 
 with tiles ; door-keeper of a Masonic 
 lodge. Tyler. 
 
 tiliaceons (-i-a'shun), adj. allied to, 
 or like, the limetree. 
 
 till (til), n. a money drawer in a 
 desk or counter ; a glacial deposit of 
 unlaminated clay, sand, and gravel : 
 prep, to the time of : adv. to the time 
 when : conj. to the degree that ; un- 
 til : v.t. to prepare (land) for seed, 
 &c. ; cultivate. 
 
 tillage Caj), n. land prepared for 
 crops ; husbandry ; agriculture. 
 
 tiller ('er) , n. a husbandman ; handle 
 or lever for turning the rudder of a 
 vessel ; a sprout springing from a 
 root or stump. 
 
 tilt (tilt), n. a tent; the cloth cover- 
 ing of a cart or wagon; cover of a 
 boat or stern awning ; a thrust ; a 
 mediaeval military exercise or pa- 
 geant in which the combatants on 
 horseback attacked each other with 
 lances ; a tilt-hammer ; upheaval of 
 strata to a higher angle : v.t. to 
 cover with an awning; point or 
 thrust with, or as with, a lance : 
 forge with a tilt-hammer; raise on 
 end ; incline : v.i. to run or ride and 
 thrust with a lance. 
 
 tilth (tilth), n. cultivated land; til- 
 lage ground. 
 
 tilt-hammer (tilt'ham-er), n. a 
 heavy hammer used in iron foun- 
 drieSj worked by steam or hydraulic 
 power. 
 
 tilting ('ing), n. the process by 
 which blister-steel is rendered duc- 
 tile ; inclination forward ; act of one 
 ^who, or that which, tilts. 
 
 timber (tim'ber) , n. the body or stem 
 of a tree ; wood suitable for build- 
 ings, carpentry, shipbuilding, &c. ; 
 piece of wood for building or al 
 
 tin 
 
 ready framed ; wooded land : v.t. to 
 furnish or construct with timber. 
 
 timbre ('ber), n. tone or character 
 of musical sound. 
 
 timbrel ('brel), n. a kind of drum or 
 tabret. 
 
 time (tlm), n. measure of duration, 
 whether past, present, or future ; 
 particular period of duration ; age 
 or period during which anything oc- 
 curred or a person lived; present 
 life or existence ; season ; era ; 
 epoch ; proper time ; repetition ; leis- 
 ure ; musical measure or duration of 
 sounds ; tense ; hour of travail : v.t. 
 to adapt to the time or occasion ; do 
 at the proper season ; regulate or 
 measure : v.i. to keep or beat time. 
 
 time-bargain (-bar-gen), n. an 
 agreement to buy or sell at a certain 
 time. 
 
 timeist. Same as timist. 
 
 timeliness ('li-nes), n. seasonable- 
 ness. 
 
 timely- ('li), adj. [comp. timelier, su- 
 perl. timeliest], being or occurring 
 in time ; opportune. 
 
 timid (tim'id), adj. wanting in cour- 
 age ; faint-hearted ; fearful. 
 
 timidity ('i-ti), n. want of courage. 
 
 timist (tim'ist), n. one who keeps 
 time [Music]. 
 
 timorous (tim'er-us), adj. fearful of 
 danger ; full of scruples. 
 
 timothy grass ('o-thi gras), n. a 
 valuable grass used for fodder. 
 
 tin (tin), n. a silvery- white, soft, 
 malleable, and fusible metal; thin 
 plates of iron covered with tin ; a 
 cylindrical vessel of tin ; money : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. tinned, p.pr. tinning], to 
 cover with tin, or with tinned iron ; 
 put into tins for preservation. 
 
 tinamou ( 'a-moo ) , n. a South Amer- 
 ican bird, resembling the partridge. 
 
 tincal ( ting'kal ) , n. crude borax. 
 
 tinctorial ( tingk-to'ri-al ) , adj. per- 
 taining to, relating to, or imparting, 
 a color. 
 
 tincture ('tiir), n. a tinge or shade 
 of color ; slight taste or quality ; so- 
 lution of any medicine in or by 
 means of spirits of wine ; fine or 
 more volatile parts of a substance : 
 v.t. to dye or color ; tinge. 
 
 tinder ('der), n. any inflammable 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tin 
 
 material used to kindle a fire from a 
 spark, as rotten wood or scorched 
 linen. 
 
 tine (tin), n. a tooth or spike. 
 
 tinfoil (tin'foil), n. tin beaten into 
 thin leaf. 
 
 ting (ting), n. a sharp, bell-like 
 sound; that part of a Chinese tem- 
 ple which contains the idol. 
 
 tinge ( tinj ) , v.t. to stain or color ; 
 impregnate with something foreign ; 
 dye : n. a slight degree of some color, 
 taste, or quality imparted to a sub- 
 stance ; tint. 
 
 tingle (ting'gl), v.i. to feel a thrill- 
 ing sensation, or pain : v.t. to ring ; 
 cause to tingle : n. a thrilling sensa- 
 tion or pain. 
 
 tinker (ting'ker), n. a mender of 
 metal pots, kettles, &c. : v.t. to patch 
 up : v.i. meddle in an officious man- 
 ner. 
 
 tinkle ('kl), n. a small, quick, sharp, 
 ringing sound: v.i. to make such a 
 sound : v.t. to cause to give out a 
 tinkle. 
 
 tinned (tind), adj. covered with tin; 
 packed or put up in tins. 
 
 tin-plate ('plat), n. iron-plate coated 
 with tin. 
 
 tinsel ('sel), n. a kind of cloth over- 
 laid or interwoven with gold and 
 silver ; thin glittering metallic plate ; 
 anything showy but of little value; 
 something superficial and gaudy : 
 adj. showy to excess ; superficial ; 
 outwardly fine but really worthless : 
 v.t. to decorate with, or as with, 
 tinsel ; make outwardly gaudy, while 
 valueless in reality. 
 
 tint (tint), n. a slight coloring dis- 
 tinct from the principal color ; hue 
 or shade : v.t. to give a slight color- 
 ing to. 
 
 tintinnabulation ( tin-ti-nab-u-la'- 
 shun), n. a tinkling sound, as of 
 bells. 
 
 tinto ('to), n. a red Madeira wine. 
 
 tintometer (-tom'e-ter), n. an appa- 
 ratus for estimating shades of color 
 by comparison with standard shades 
 or tints. 
 
 tintype, same as ferrotype. 
 
 tiny (ti'ni), adj. [comp. tinier, su- 
 perl. tiniest], very small; puny. 
 
 tip (tip), n. a point or top of any- 
 
 tir 
 
 thing small; end; ferrule or nozzle; 
 anther ; gentle stroke ; small pres- 
 ent ; private hint, especially in bet- 
 ting; tilt: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tipped, 
 p.pr. tipping], to form a point to; 
 cover the end of ; strike lightly ; give 
 private hint to ; give a small pres- 
 ent to ; tilt up. 
 
 tipcat ('kat), n. a game played with 
 a small piece of wood pointed at 
 both ends. 
 
 tipper ('er), n. a kind of ale. 
 
 tippet ('et), n. a narrow cape, or 
 covering of cloth or fur for the neck 
 or shoulders. 
 
 tipping ('ing), n. the peculiar artic- 
 ulation given to the flute by the 
 player's tongue striking the roof of 
 the mouth. 
 
 tipple ('1), v.i. to drink spirits or 
 strong liquors habitually; drink fre- 
 quently in small quantities : n. 
 liquor. 
 
 tipsily ('si-li), adv. in a tipsy man- 
 ner. 
 
 tip sines s ('si-nes), n. the state of be- 
 ing tipsy. 
 
 tipstaff ('staf), n. a constable. 
 
 tipster ('ster), n. one who supplies 
 private information about race- 
 horses, &c. 
 
 tipsy ('si), adj. intoxicated. 
 
 tipsy-cake (-kak), n. sponge cake 
 soaked in wine and stuck over with 
 almonds. 
 
 tiptoe ('to), n. the end of a toe: adv. 
 on tiptoe ; stealthily : v.i. to walk or 
 stand on tiptoe ; be on the strain, or 
 alert. 
 
 tiptop ('top), n. the highest point or 
 degree ; best of anything : adj. most 
 excellent. 
 
 tirade (ti-rad'), n. a long, violent, 
 declamatory speech ; strain of cen- 
 sure or reproof ; filling of an inter- 
 val by the intermediate diatonic 
 notes. 
 
 tire (tir), n. a band or hoop of iron 
 or rubber binding the felloes of 
 wheels : v.t. to exhaust the strength 
 of by labor; weary or fatigue; er- 
 haust the patience of : v.i. to become 
 weary or fatigued. 
 
 tiresome ('sum), adj. wearisome; 
 tedious ; fatiguing ; annoying. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
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tir 
 
 tob 
 
 tiresomely (-li), adv. in a tiresome 
 manner. 
 
 tiresomeness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being tiresome. 
 
 tirwit (ter'wit), n. the lapwing. 
 
 Tisri (tiz'ri), n. the seventh month of 
 the ecclesiastical, and first month of 
 the Jewish civil year, corresponding 
 to part of September and October. 
 Also Tishri. 
 
 tissue (tish'oo), n. a woven fabric, 
 especially thin transparent silk used 
 for veiling, formerly interwoven 
 with gold or silver threads ; any thin 
 or delicate texture or fabric ; thin 
 cellular organization of parts, con- 
 sisting of forms closely compacted 
 and performing special functions : 
 connected series : v.t. to form tissue 
 of ; interweave. 
 
 tissued ('ood),) adj. variegated. 
 
 tissue-paper (-pa-per), n. very thin, 
 ^ gauze-like paper. 
 
 tit (tit), n. morsel or bit; small 
 horse ; titmouse ; name for various 
 species of small singing birds. 
 
 titanic (ti-tan'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, characteristic of, or like the Ti- 
 tans, the fabled giants of classic 
 mythology : hence, huge ; of enor- 
 mous strength. 
 
 titanium (-ta'ni-um), n. a rare, and 
 extremely hard metal, allied to tin : 
 found in combination. 
 
 titbit ('bit), n. a choice morsel. 
 
 tit-for-tat (-tat), n. exact equiva- 
 lent or fair retaliation. 
 
 tithe (tlth), n. the tenth part of any- 
 thing, especially the tenth part of 
 the annual increase of the profit 
 arising from land, stock, &c, allotted 
 to the support of the clergy ; small 
 part : v.t. to tax or levy a tithe of. 
 
 tithing ('ing), n. the taking or levy- 
 ing of tithes. 
 
 titillate (tit'i-lat), v.t. to tickle. 
 
 titillation (-la/shun), n. a tickling 
 or itching sensation or state of feel- 
 ing. 
 
 titivate ('i-vat), v.t. to make smart 
 ^ or adorn. 
 
 titlark ('lark), n. any small singing 
 bird of the genus Anthus. 
 
 title (tl'tl), n. an inscription over or 
 at the beginning of something serv- 
 ing to designate it ; name ; appella- 
 
 tion of dignity, rank, distinction, or 
 preeminence ; claim of right ; presen- 
 tation to a curacy as a condition of 
 ordination : v.t. to entitle. 
 
 title-deed (-ded), n. the instrument 
 or written evidence of right of own- 
 ership of property. 
 
 titmouse (tit'mous), n. [pi. titmice 
 ('mis)], a small, active, perching 
 bird. Also tit. 
 
 titrate (tit'rat), v.t. to estimate or 
 determine the strength of by volu- 
 metric analysis. 
 
 titration (ti-tra'shnn), n. volumetric 
 analysis. 
 
 titter (tit'er), v.i. to laugh with re- 
 straint ; giggle ; see-saw : n. a re- 
 strained laugh. 
 
 tittle (tit'l), n. a small particle; iota. 
 
 tittle-tattle (-tat'l), n. idle, trifling 
 talk. 
 
 titular ('u-lar), adj. existing in name 
 or title only ; nominal : n. one who 
 is invested with a title to an office, 
 but does not possess the power and 
 authority appertaining to it. 
 
 to (too) , prep, noting motion towards ; 
 in accordance with. 
 
 toad (tod), n. a batrachian reptile, 
 resembling the frog, of the genus 
 Bufo. 
 
 toadeater ('et-er), n. a sycophant. 
 
 toadfish ( 'fish ) , n. a fish with a large 
 head and wide mouth, of the genus 
 Batrachus. 
 
 toadstone ('ston), n. a local name 
 for a kind of basaltic or igneous 
 rock ; buf onite. 
 
 toadstool ('stool), n. a name of nu- 
 merous species of fungi of the genus 
 Agaricus. 
 
 toady ('i), n. a. sycophant: v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. toadied, p.pr. toadying], to 
 fawn upon as a sycophant : v.i. to 
 play the sycophant. 
 
 toadysim (-izm), n. sycophancy. 
 
 toast (tost), n. bread scorched or 
 browned before the fire ; one who is 
 named when a health is drunk : v.t. 
 to brown or heat at the fire; show 
 honor to in drinking; name when a 
 health is drunk. 
 
 tobacco (to-bak'o), n. an American 
 plant of the genus Nicotiana, the 
 dried leaves of which are used for 
 smoking, chewing, or as snuff. 
 
 §te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
tob 
 
 torn 
 
 tobacconist (-nist), n. a dealer in 
 tobacco, cigars, &c. 
 
 tobine ('bin), n. a stout, twilled, 
 dress silk. 
 
 toboggan (-bog'an), n. a kind of 
 sledge in which one or more persons 
 sit for sliding down snow-covered 
 hills or inclines : v.i. to slide down- 
 hill by means of a toboggan. 
 
 tocsin (tok'sin), n. an alarm-bell. 
 
 toddle ( tod'l ) , v.i. to walk with short, 
 tottering steps like a child : n. a tod- 
 dling walk. 
 
 toddler ('ler), n. one who toddles; a 
 young child. 
 
 toddy ('i), n. a sweet juice obtained 
 from certain palms ; mixture of spir- 
 it and water sweetened. 
 
 tody (to'di), n. a small West Indian 
 bird. 
 
 toe (to), n. one of the terminal mem- 
 bers of the foot of a man or animal ; 
 forepart of a horse's hoof ; a projec- 
 tion : v.t. to touch, reach, or strike 
 with the toe or toes. 
 
 toffy (tof'i), n. a sweetmeat; taffy. 
 
 toga (to-ga), n. [pi. togas ('gaz), 
 togse ('je) ], the loose outer garment 
 worn by the ancient Romans. 
 
 toga virilis (vir'il-is), n. the toga 
 assumed by Roman youths at the 
 age of fourteen. 
 
 together (too-ge£7*/er), adv. in com- 
 pany or association ; mutually ; in 
 union or concert ; uninterruptedly. 
 
 toggery (tog'er-i), n. clothes; arti- 
 cles. 
 
 toggle ('1), n. a small wooden pin 
 tapering towards both ends and 
 grooved round its center ; button or 
 frog. 
 
 toggle-joint (-joint), n. an elbow or 
 knee joint. 
 
 toil (toil), n. labor oppressive to mind 
 or body ; fatiguing exertion ; snare ; 
 net : v.i. to labor or work with pain 
 or fatigue. 
 
 toilet ('et), n. a covering of linen, 
 silk, &c, spread over a bedroom or 
 dressing-room table ; dressing-table ; 
 style or manner of dressing ; attire. 
 
 toilinette (-i-nef), n. a cloth the 
 weft of which is of woolen yarn and 
 the warp of cotton and silk. 
 
 toilsome ('sum), adj. laborious; 
 wearisome. 
 
 toilsomely (-li), adv. in a toilsome 
 manner. 
 
 toilsomeness (-nes), n. laborious- 
 ness. 
 
 Tokay (to-ka'), n. a rich Hungarian 
 wine, 
 
 token ('kn), n. a mark or sign; me- 
 morial of affection, &c. ; symbol of 
 good faith Or authenticity ; piece of 
 metal not coined by authority, but 
 current by sufferance. 
 
 tola ('la), n. in British India, a 
 weight for gold and silver = 180 
 grains troy. 
 
 told, p.t. & p.p. of tell. 
 
 Toledo (-le'do), n. a sword or sword- 
 blade of the finest temper, made orig- 
 inally at Toledo, Spain. 
 
 tolerable (tol'er-a-bl), adj. endura- 
 ble ; supportable ; fairly good. 
 
 tolerableness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being tolerable. 
 
 tolerably (-bli), adv. passably. 
 
 tolerance ('er-ans), n. endurance; 
 toleration. 
 
 tolerant ('er-ant), adj. disposed to, 
 or favoring, toleration. 
 
 tolerate ('er-at), v.t. to endure; per- 
 mit ; allow so as not to hinder or 
 prohibit. 
 
 toleration (-a/shun), n. the act of 
 tolerating ; allowance of that which 
 is not wholly approved ; recognition 
 of the right of private judgment in 
 religious opinions and modes of wor- 
 ship differing from those of the es- 
 tablished Church ; freedom from 
 bigotry. 
 
 toll (tol), n. the sound of a bell slow- 
 ly repeated at short intervals; a 
 duty or tax on travelers or goods 
 passing along a public road or 
 bridge; tax or duty paid for some 
 privilege : v.i. to sound or ring slow- 
 ly, as a bell ; annul. 
 
 tolu (to'lu), n. a balsam produced 
 by a South American tree (Myroxy- 
 lon toluifera) . 
 
 tomahawk (tom'a-hawk), n. a hatch- 
 et used by the North American In- 
 dians in war and the chase : v.t. to 
 strike, or kill with a tomahawk. 
 
 toman (to'man), n. a gold coin cur- 
 rent in Persia, value about $1.76. 
 
 tomato (to-ma' or to-ma'to), n. [pi. 
 tomatoes ('toz)], a plant and its 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, tfien. 
 
torn 
 
 too 
 
 well-known fleshy fruit. Also love- 
 apple. 
 
 tomb (tooni), n. a grave, or vault; 
 monument erected to enclose and 
 preserve the memory of the dead : 
 v.t. to entomb. 
 
 tombac (tom'bak), n. an alloy of cop- 
 per and zinc. 
 
 tomboy ('boi), n. a wild, romping 
 girl. 
 
 tom-cat ('kat), n. a full-grown male 
 cat. 
 
 tomcod ('kod), n. a small edible fish 
 of the cod kind. 
 
 tome (torn), n. a large book. 
 
 tomentose (to-men'tos), adj. covered 
 so closely with hairs as to be scarce- 
 ly discernible; nappy. Also tomen- 
 tous 
 
 t omentum ( r tum), n. the closely 
 matted down on the leave or stems 
 of certain plants. 
 
 tomfool ('fool), n. a great fool ; silly 
 trifler. 
 
 tomfoolery- ('er-i), n. nonsense; ab- 
 surd trifles or ornaments. 
 
 tomin (to'min), n. a jeweler's weight 
 of 12 grains. 
 
 tompion (tom'pi-on), n. the stopper 
 or plug of a cannon ; the iron button 
 to which a charge of grape-shot is 
 affixed. Also tampion. 
 
 tomtit ('tit), n. the titmouse. 
 
 tom-tom ('torn) , n. a drum flat at one 
 end and convex at the other : used in 
 Africa and the East Indies. Also 
 tam-tam. 
 
 ton (tun), n. 20 hundredweight; 40 
 cubic feet in ship measurement ; pre- 
 vailing fashion (tong). 
 
 tonality (ton-al'i-ti), n. key relation- 
 ship ; accuracy of pitch. 
 
 tone (ton), n. sound, or character of 
 sound ; note ; accent ; quality of the 
 voice ; prevailing style or character ; 
 state of the body with reference to 
 the healthy performance of its ani- 
 mal functions ; harmony of the col- 
 ors of a painting ; interval of sound ; 
 chant [Music] : v.t. to bring to a re- 
 quired shade of color ; mitigate. 
 
 tongs (t6ngs), n.pl. a metal instru- 
 ment with two jointed limbs for 
 grasping anything. 
 
 tongue (tung), n. the chief instru- 
 ment of speech, and the organ of 
 
 taste ; power of speech ; manner of 
 speaking ; dialect ; idiom ; discourse ; 
 mere words ; fluency ; clapper of a 
 bell ; anything resembling a tongue ; 
 promontory : v.t. to modulate or 
 modify with the tongue; scold: v.i. 
 talk; prate. 
 
 tonic (ton'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 based on, the key-note; increasing 
 tension ; strengthening : n.a strength- 
 ening medicine. 
 
 tonite (to'nit), w. a powerful explo- 
 sive. 
 
 Tonka bean (tong'ka ben), n. the 
 aromatic kernels of the fruit of a 
 shrubby plant of Guiana, used for 
 scenting snuff, &c. Also Tonkuin 
 bean. 
 
 tonnage (tun'aj), n. the weight of 
 goods carried in a boat or ship ; car- 
 rying capacity of a vessel ; duty or 
 toll on vessels ; collective shipping of 
 any port or country. 
 
 tonsils (ton'silz), n.pl. two almond- 
 shaped glands situated at the two 
 sides of the fauces of the throat. 
 
 tonsilitis (-sil-I'tis), n. inflammation 
 of the tonsils. 
 
 tonsorial (ton-so'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to shaving or to a barber. 
 
 tonsure ('shur), n. the act of clip- 
 ping the hair or of shaving the 
 crown of the head; the corona thus 
 worn by Roman Catholic clerics : 
 v.i. to give the tonsure to. 
 
 tontine (-ten'), a loan raised on life 
 annuities with benefit accruing to 
 the last survivor. 
 
 too (too), adv. more than enough; 
 likewise; in addition; over and 
 above; also. 
 
 took, p.t. of take. 
 
 tool (tool), n. an instrument of man- 
 ual operation ; one who acts as the 
 instrument of another : v.t. to shape 
 with a tool ; drive, as a coach. 
 
 tooling ('ing), n. workmanship per- 
 formed with a tool. 
 
 toon (toon), n. the valuable dark 
 wood of a large cedar tree of the 
 East Indies and Australia. 
 
 toot (toot), v.t. to sound, as a horn 
 or flute : n. a blast on a horn. 
 
 tootk (tooth), n. [pi. teeth (teth)], 
 one of the hard bony processes grow- 
 ing in the jaws used for biting and 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
too 
 
 tor 
 
 chewing; any projection resembling 
 a tooth; palate or taste: v.t. to in- 
 dent or form into teeth. 
 
 toothsome ('sum), adj. palatable. 
 
 toothsomely (-li), adv. palatably. 
 
 toothsomeness (-nes), n. the quality 
 of being toothsome. 
 
 tooth wort ('wert), n. a plant of va- 
 rious genera having indented leaves. 
 
 top (top), n. the highest part; sum- 
 mit ; upper side or surface ; highest 
 person, place, or rank ; crown of the 
 head ; small platform at the head of 
 the lower mast ; a child's toy : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. topped, p.pr. topping], 
 to cover or place on the top ; rise to 
 the top of ; excel ; cut off the top of. 
 
 top an (to'paw), n. the rhinoceros- 
 bird. 
 
 topaz ('paz),w. a crystallized mineral 
 of various colors used as a gem. 
 
 topazolite ('o-lit), n. a variety of 
 garnet. 
 
 top-boots (top'bootz), ii.pl. high 
 boots with light colored tops, used 
 for riding, &c. 
 
 tope (top), n. a mound-shaped Bud- 
 dhist monument containing relics ; 
 grove of trees [Hindu]. 
 
 topee (to-pe'), n. a cork or pith hel- 
 met. Also topi. 
 
 toper ('per), n. a drunkard. 
 
 topgallant (top'gal-ant), adj. situ- 
 ated above the topmast : n. a topgal- 
 lant mast or sail. 
 
 tophamper ('ham-per), n. a ship's 
 rigging, spars, &c. 
 
 Topnet (to'fet), n. s. place situated 
 southeast of Jerusalem, in the Val- 
 ley of Hinnom, where fire was burnt 
 in honor of Moloch : subsequently 
 made a burial place : hence hell. 
 
 topic (top'ik), n. a subject of dis- 
 course, conversation, or argument ; 
 theme. 
 
 topical (-al), adj. pertaining to, or 
 consisting of, a topic or topics ; re- 
 lating to a place ; local. 
 
 topically (-i), adv. in a topical man- 
 ner ; locally. 
 
 topmast ('mast), n. the second mast 
 from the deck of a ship. 
 
 topographer (to-pog'ra-fer), n. one 
 who describes particular places in 
 writing. 
 
 topographic (top-o-graf'ik), adj. de- 
 
 scriptive of a particular place. Top- 
 ographical. 
 
 topographically (-al-li), adv. in a 
 topographic manner. 
 
 topography ( to-pog'ra-fi ) , n. the sci- 
 entific description of a particular 
 place, &c. ; the features of a region 
 or locality. 
 
 topping (top'ing), adj. rising above; 
 surpassing : n. the act of cutting off 
 the top. 
 
 topple ('1), v.t. to overturn: v.i. to 
 fall forward ; tumble down. 
 
 topsail ('sal), n. the sail second from 
 the deck. 
 
 topsy-turvy ('si-ter-vi), adv. in an 
 inverted position ; in confusion : adj. 
 disordered ; chaotic. 
 
 toque (tok), n. a kind of bonnet. 
 
 tor (t6r), n. high pointed hill ; jutting 
 rock. 
 
 Tor ah (to'ra), n. the Mosaic law; 
 Pentateuch. Also Thorah. 
 
 torch (torch), n. a large light formed 
 of resinous wood, flax, &c, soaked 
 in some inflammable substance, and 
 carried in the hand; any light used 
 in the manner of a torch ; flambeau. 
 
 tore, p.t. of tear. 
 
 toreador (tor-e-a-dor'), n. a bull 
 fighter. 
 
 torentic (to-roo'tik), adj. pertaining 
 to carved or sculptured work, espe- 
 cially to metallic work in basso- 
 relievo. 
 
 torment (tSr'ment), n. extreme pain ; 
 torture; anguish: v.t. (tor-menf) to 
 put to extreme pain, physical or 
 mental ; torture ; harass. 
 
 tormentil ('men-til), n. an astrin- 
 gent root. 
 
 torn (torn), p.t. of tear. 
 
 tornado (t6r-na'do), n. [pi. tornadoes 
 ('doz)], a violent tempest or whirl- 
 wind. 
 
 torose (to'ros), adj. swelling in 
 knobs ; uneven. 
 
 torpedo (tor-pe'do) ? n. [pi. torpedoes 
 ('doz)], a submarine apparatus for 
 destroying ships by explosion ; kind 
 of firework ; the cramp-fish : v.t. to 
 destroy by a torpedo. 
 
 torpescent (-pes'ent), adj. becoming 
 torpid. 
 
 torpid ('pid), adj. numb; inactive. 
 
 ate, &rm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, tffcen. 
 
tor 
 
 tou 
 
 torpidity ('i-ti), n. inactivity; in- 
 sensibility. 
 
 torpify ('pi-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. torpi- 
 fied, p.pr. torpifying], to make tor- 
 pid ; benumb. 
 
 torpor ('per), n. numbness; inactiv- 
 ity. 
 
 torque (tork), n. a twisted collar or 
 necklace worn by certain ancient 
 barbaric nations. 
 
 torrefy (tor're-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 torrefied, p.pr. torrefying], to dry by 
 fire; roast (ores). 
 
 torrent Cent), n. a violent and rapid 
 stream ; heavy fall, as of rain ; 
 strong current, rising suddenly and 
 rushing rapidly along. 
 
 torrid ( 'id ) , adj. dried with heat ; ex- 
 tremely hot ; burning ; parching. 
 
 torsion ( tor'shun ) , n. the act of turn- 
 ing or twisting; the wrenching or 
 twisting_ of a body by lateral force. 
 
 torso ('so), n. [pi. torsos, torsi ('soz, 
 'se)], the trunk of a statue, espe- 
 cially one having the head or limbs 
 mutilated. 
 
 tort (t6rt), n. in law, any wrong, in- 
 jury, or damage. 
 
 tortile (tor til), adj. bent; twisted; 
 wreathed. 
 
 tortilla (-teTya), n. a thin unleav- 
 ened cake of maize baked on a heated 
 iron plate. 
 
 tortoise (tor'tis), n. a reptile of the 
 family Testudinidae with a very hard 
 shell or test ; a testudo. 
 
 tortuous ('u-us), adj. crooked; 
 twisted; wreathed; underhand; in- 
 direct; deceitful. 
 
 torture ('tur), n. agony of mind or 
 body ; excruciating pain ; pain in- 
 flicted as a punishment or as a 
 means of extorting a confession : v.t. 
 to punish with, or as with, torture ; 
 put to the rack ; excruciate ; vex ; 
 wrest from the true meaning. 
 
 torus (to'rus), n. a large semi-circu- 
 lar molding in the base of a column ; 
 that part of a flower on which the 
 carpels are seated. 
 
 Tory (to'ri), n. [pi. Tories ('riz)L in 
 English politics, a Conservative : adj. 
 pertaining to 'Conservatives. 
 
 Toryism (-izm), n. the principles of 
 the Tories or Conservatives. 
 
 toss (tos), v.t. to throw with the 
 
 hand ; throw upward ; jerk ; put into 
 violent motion ; cause to rise and 
 fall : v.i. to roll or tumble ; be tossed : 
 n. & throwing upward or with a jerk. 
 
 tossing ('ing), n. the act of throwing 
 upward ; a rolling or tumbling. 
 
 tot (tot), n. anything small or insig- 
 nificant ; a term of endearment : pi. 
 a series of figures in column form to 
 be added up as an exercise in rapid 
 calculation : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. totted, 
 p.pr. totting] , to add ; count up. 
 
 total (to'tal), adj. whole; complete; 
 full ; not divided : n. the whole sum 
 or amount ; completeness. 
 
 totality (-tal'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being total ; entire quan- 
 tity, amount, or sum. 
 
 totally ('tal-i), adv. entirely; fully. 
 
 tote (tot), v.t. to carry. 
 
 totem (to'tem), n. an animal used as 
 the symbol or name of a tribe or 
 clan. 
 
 totter (tot'er), v.i. to shake as if 
 about to fall ; be unsteady ; stagger ; 
 reel. 
 
 tottery ('er-i), adj. shaking as if 
 about to fall ; unsteady. 
 
 tottlish ('lish), adj. unsteady. 
 
 toucan (too-kan'), n. a fruit-eating 
 tropical bird with a long curved beak. 
 
 touch (tuch), v.t. to come in contact 
 with ; perceive by feeling ; handle 
 slightly ; play ; reach ; attain to ; 
 meddle with ; treat of in a superfi- 
 cial manner ; add a light stroke to ; 
 affect the senses or sensibility of; 
 injure or hurt : v.i. to be in contact ; 
 call in at a port : n. the act of touch- 
 ing ; state of being touched ; con- 
 tact ; sense of feeling ; action of the 
 hand on a musical instrument ; tried 
 qualities ; emotion or affection ; sin- 
 gle stroke on a painting, &c. 
 
 touchily ('i-li), adv. peevishly. 
 
 touchiness ('i-nes), n. irritability. 
 
 touching ('ing), adj. pathetic: n. the 
 act of coming in contact with : prep. 
 with respect to ; concerning. 
 
 touchstone ('ston), n. Lydian stone 
 or basanite, used for testing the pur- 
 ity of gold and silver : hence a cri- 
 terion. 
 
 touchwood ('wood), n. dried fungus 
 or decayed wood which easily ignites 
 and burns slowly. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Men. 
 
ton 
 
 touchy ('i), irritable; peevish. 
 
 tough, (tuf), adj. flexible without be- 
 ing brittle; not easily broken or 
 fractured ; able to endure hardship ; 
 strong ; firm ; tenacious ; viscous ; 
 difficult ; not easy to masticate : n. a 
 rough. 
 
 toughen, ('n), v.i. to grow or become 
 tough : v.t. to make tough. 
 
 toughish ('ish), adj. somewhat tough. 
 
 toupee (too-pe'), n. a small wig, or 
 curl. 
 
 tour (toor), n. a circuitous journey; 
 excursion ; trip : v.i. to make a tour : 
 v.t. to make a tour or circuit of : as, 
 to tour the country. 
 
 tour billion (-bil'yun), n. an orna- 
 mental rotating firework. 
 
 tourist ('ist), n. excursionist. 
 
 tourmaline ('ma-lin), n. a transpar- 
 ent aluminous mineral of various 
 colors, some varieties of which are 
 used as gems. 
 
 tournament ('na-ment), n. a mock 
 fight by knights on horseback ; con- 
 test of skill. Also tourney. 
 
 tourniquet ('ni-ket), n. a surgical 
 instrument for ^ compressing an ar- 
 tery and arresting hemorrhage. 
 
 tousle or touzle (touz'l), v.t. to pull 
 or fear ; worry ; put in disorder. 
 
 tout (tout), v.i. to look out for custo- 
 mers : n. one who secretly watches 
 racehorses in training, in order to 
 give private information to his cli- 
 ents to guide them in betting ; a 
 touter. 
 
 tout-ensemble (too-tang-sam'bl), n. 
 the general effect of a work of art, 
 costume, &c, regarded as a whole. 
 
 touter (tout'er), n. one who hangs 
 about to secure the custom of tour- 
 ists for a particular hotel, &c. 
 
 tow (to), n. the coarse part of flax or 
 hemp : v.t. to drag, as a vessel, 
 through the water by means of a 
 rope. 
 
 towage ('aj), n. the act of towing; 
 price paid for towing. 
 
 toward (to'erd), prep, in the direc- 
 tion of ; with a tendency to ; with re- 
 spect to : adv. near ; at hand. Also 
 towards. 
 
 towel (tou'el), n. a cloth for wiping 
 the hands, &c, after washing. 
 
 toweling (-ing), n. cloth for towels. 
 
 tra 
 
 tower (tou'er), n. a lofty building, 
 square or circular, usually flat on 
 the top ; fortress ; high headdress 
 worn by women in the 17th century : 
 v.i. to rise to a great height ; soar. 
 
 towering ('er-ing), adj. very high; 
 soaring ; violent ; outrageous. 
 
 town (toun), n. any collection of 
 houses larger than a village, espe- 
 cially one having a market, and not 
 being a city; the inhabitants of a 
 town ; township. 
 
 township ('ship), n. the district or 
 territory into which many of the 
 States are divided and subordinate 
 to the county. 
 
 toxemia, toxssmia (toks-e'mi-a), n. 
 blood poisoning. 
 
 toxic ('ik), adj. poisonous. 
 
 toxicologist (-i-kol'6-jist), n. one 
 skilled in toxicology. 
 
 toxicology ('o-ji), n. the science that 
 treats of poisons, their effects, anti- 
 dotes, &c. 
 
 toxicomania (-ko-ma'ni-a), n. a 
 mania for intoxicating or poisonous 
 drugs, as opium. 
 
 toxin (toks'in), n. a poison produced 
 by the action of bacteria upon or- 
 ganic matter. 
 
 toy (toi), n. a child's plaything; 
 something of no real value ; bauble ; 
 plaything: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. toyed, 
 p.pr. toying], to dally amorously; 
 trifle. 
 
 trace (tras), n. a mark left by any- 
 thing passing ; footprint ; small quan- 
 tity : pi. the straps, &c, by which a 
 vehicle is drawn by a horse : v.t. to 
 delineate by marks ; follow by tracks 
 or footsteps; follow exactly. 
 
 traceable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing traced. 
 
 tracery ( 'er-i ) , n. architectural orna- 
 mentation in Gothic structures. 
 
 trachea (tra-ke'a), n. the windpipe: 
 pi. the air-tubes in the bodies of in- 
 sects (tracheae). 
 
 tracheal ('ke-al), adj. pertaining to 
 the trachea. 
 
 tracheotomy (-ot'o-mi), n. the surgi- 
 cal operation of making an opening 
 into the windpipe. 
 
 trachitis (-ki'tis), n. inflammation of 
 the trachea. Also tracheitis. 
 
 trachyte (trak'It), n. a term applied 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tra 
 
 tra 
 
 to the feldspathic class of igneous 
 rocks. 
 
 trachytic (tra-kit'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, consisting of, or resembling, 
 trachyte. 
 
 tracing (tra'sing), n. the act of one 
 who traces ; regular path ; mechan- 
 ical copy by marking on thin paper 
 over the original. 
 
 track (trak), n. a mark or impres- 
 sion left by the foot ; beaten path ; 
 course or way; course for racing; 
 permanent way of a railroad : v.t. to 
 pursue by following the footprints 
 or marks left behind. 
 
 trackage ('aj), n. towage. 
 
 tract (trakt), n. a short treatise, 
 usually on some religious subject ; 
 region of indefinite extent ; expanse. 
 
 tractability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. docility. 
 
 tractable ( 'a-bl ) , adj. docile ; easily 
 instructed or managed. 
 
 tractate (trak'tat), n. a small book 
 or treatise. 
 
 tractile ('til), adj. ductile. 
 
 traction ( 'shun ) , n. the act of draw- 
 ing; state of being drawn; attrac- 
 tion. 
 
 tractive ('tiv), adj. serving, or used, 
 to draw along; pulling. 
 
 tractor ('ter), n. that which draws, 
 or is used in drawing. 
 
 tractrix ('triks), n. a curve, the tan- 
 gent of which is always equal to a 
 given line. Also tractatrix, tractory. 
 
 trade ( trad ) , n. commerce ; business ; 
 buying and selling for money ; deal- 
 ing by way of sale or exchange ; 
 traffic ; persons engaged in a particu- 
 lar business : adj. pertaining to, car- 
 ried on by, or characteristic of, a 
 trade: pi. the trade winds: v.i. to 
 carry on commerce ; buy and sell ; 
 traffic: v.t. to sell or exchange in 
 commerce. 
 
 trade-mark ('mark), n. a distin- 
 guishing device affixed by a mer- 
 chant to his goods to show his ex- 
 clusive right, or as a guarantee of 
 genuineness. 
 
 trade-price ('pris), n. price of an 
 article as charged to the retailer. 
 
 trader ('er), n. one engaged in trade 
 or commerce ; merchant ; shopkeep- 
 er ; vessel engaged in any particular 
 trade. 
 
 trades-union (z'un-yun), n. an or- 
 ganized combination of workmen for 
 the protection of their interests in 
 any particular trade or industry. 
 
 trades-unionism (-izm), n. the 
 principles and practices of trades- 
 unions. 
 
 trades-unionist (-ist), n. a member 
 of a trades-union. 
 
 trade-winds ('windz), n.pl. certain 
 ocean winds in or near the torrid 
 zone which blow steadily from the 
 same quarter periodically. Also 
 trades. 
 
 trading ('ing), adj. pertaining to 
 trade. 
 
 tradition (tra-dish'un), n. the oral 
 transmission of events, opinions, 
 doctrines, practices, &c, through 
 successive generations without writ- 
 ten memorials; that which is so 
 handed down ; ancient custom. 
 
 traditional ('un-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, derived from, or handed down by 
 tradition. 
 
 traditionally ('un-al-i), adv. in a 
 traditional manner. 
 
 traduce (tra-dus'), v.t. to slander. 
 
 traffic (traf'ik), n. business or trade; 
 commerce ; transportation of persons 
 or goods on a railway, vehicle, ship, 
 &c. ; intercourse : v.i. to trade ; bar- 
 gain : v.t. to barter. 
 
 tragacantk (trag'a-kanth), n. a gum 
 obtained from various species of 
 Astragalus. 
 
 tragedian (tra-je'di-an), n. an actor 
 or writer of tragedies. 
 
 tragedienne (-zha-dyen' or -je'di-en), 
 n. an actress of tragedy. 
 
 tragedy (traj'e-di), n. [pi. tragedies 
 (-diz) ], a dramatic poem of elevated 
 style, representing some event or 
 series of events in the life of a per- 
 son or persons and having usually a 
 fatal ending ; a melancholy and fatal 
 event; an event in which human 
 lives are lost by murderous violence 
 or some catastrophe. 
 
 tragic ('ik), adj. pertaining to trag- 
 edy ; calamitous ; fatal ; terrible. 
 Also tragical. 
 
 tragically (-al-i), adv. in a tragic 
 manner. 
 
 trail (tral), v.t. to draw or drag 
 along the ground ; hunt or follow by 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tra 
 
 tracking: v.i. to be drawn out in 
 length ; fall or hang down ; grow or 
 climb at great length: n. the track 
 followed by a hunter ; scent left by 
 a track ; anything drawn out in 
 length ; the entrails of birds and 
 fishes served up for the table. 
 
 train (tran), n. a series of railway 
 carriages or trucks coupled togeth- 
 er ; something drawn or dragged be- 
 hind as the skirt of a robe, &c. ; ret- 
 inue ; procession ; connected series ; 
 suite; process; line of gunpowder 
 laid to fire a charge ; a heavy kind 
 of Canadian sledge : v.t. to instruct 
 by exercise ; drill ; educate ; draw 
 along; form to a proper shape; dis- 
 cipline or tame for use ; prepare for 
 athletic contests or horse-racing ; 
 trace (a lode) to its head. 
 
 trainer ('er), n. an instructor, espe- 
 cially one who prepares men or 
 horses for exercises of skill, races, 
 &c. 
 
 train-oil ('oil), n. oil obtained by 
 boiling whale's blubber. 
 
 trait (trat), n. a peculiar feature or 
 characteristic; touch. 
 
 traitor (tra'ter), n. one who is guilty 
 of treason or the betrayal of his 
 country to an enemy by breach of 
 trust; one who betrays any confi- 
 dence; a deceiver. Feminine trai- 
 tress or traitoress. 
 
 traitorous ('ter-us), adj. guilty of 
 treason ; perfidious. 
 
 trajectory (tra-jek'to-ri), n. [pi. tra- 
 jectories (-riz)], the curve described 
 by a body in space, under the action 
 of certain forces, as a comet, or 
 stone thrown upwards. 
 
 tram (tram), n. one of the rails of a 
 tramway ; a tramway ; tramway- 
 car ; shaft of a cart : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
 trammed, p.pr. tramming], to travel 
 by tram-car [English] : v.t. to trans- 
 port on a tramway. 
 
 tr amble ('bl), v.t. to wash (ore) in 
 a particular manner. 
 
 trammel ('el), n. a net used for 
 fowling or fishing; shackle for 
 horses ; anything that impedes prog- 
 ress, action, or freedom : v.t. to im- 
 pede or hinder ; shackle. 
 
 tramontana (tra-mon-ta'na), w. a 
 
 tra 
 
 cold, blighting north wind peculiar 
 to the Mediterranean. 
 
 tramp (tramp), v.t. to tread upon 
 forcibly and repeatedly; travel over 
 on foot : v.i. to wander : n. a vagrant 
 foot traveler; journey on foot; 
 sound of tramping. 
 
 trample ('pi), v.t. to tread under the 
 feet ; prostrate by treading ; treat 
 with insult or contempt : v.i. to 
 stamp rapidly and repeatedly with 
 the feet ; tread roughly. 
 
 trampoos (tram-poos') , v.i. to tramp ; 
 walk heavily ; wander about. 
 
 tramway ('wa), n. a street railway; 
 metal track for wagons or trucks. 
 Tramroad. 
 
 trance (trans), n. a state in which 
 the soul appears to be absent from 
 the body or rapt in visions ; tem- 
 porary suspension of sensation and 
 volition while the heart and lungs 
 continue to act ; swoon ; catalepsy : 
 v.t. to place in, or as in, a state of 
 trance. 
 
 traneen (tra-nen'), n. crested dog's- 
 tail grass. 
 
 tranquil (trang'kwil), adj. calm; 
 quiet ; undisturbed ; not agitated. 
 
 tranquillity ('i-ti), n. calmness: 
 quiet. 
 
 tranquilize ('kwil-iz), v.t. to make 
 tranquil or calm. 
 
 tranquilly ('kwil-i), adv. in a tran- 
 quil manner. 
 
 trans, a prefix, meaning over, across, 
 oeyond, through, on the other side. 
 
 transact (trans-akt'), v.t. to man- 
 age, as business ; carry through ; ne- 
 gotiate. 
 
 transaction (-ak'shun), n. the man- 
 agement of any business or affair ; 
 that which is done or performed ; a 
 proceeding; affair: pi. report of a 
 scientific or learned society. 
 
 transactor ('ter), n. one who trans- 
 acts. 
 
 transcend (tran-send'), v.t. to rise 
 above ; surpass ; surmount ; excel ; 
 exceed. 
 
 transcendency ('en-si), n. the state 
 or quality of being transcendent; 
 supereminence. Also transcendence. 
 
 transcendent ( 'ent ) , adj. surpassing 
 others in excellence; noting, in the 
 Kantian philosophy, speculations 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tra 
 
 concerning matters outside the range 
 
 ' of the human intellect or experience. 
 
 transcendental ('al), adj. noting 
 that which lies beyond the limits of 
 experience or external to the senses ; 
 speculative ; metaphysical ; vague ; 
 supereminent. 
 
 transcendentalism ('al-izm), n. the 
 Kantian philosophy which affirms 
 that the primary principles of 
 knowledge are ascertained by the in- 
 vestigation of that which is a priori, 
 or independent of experience ; a re- 
 ligious movement in the United 
 States, 1839, associated with Emer- 
 son and Channing. 
 
 transcribe (-skrib'), v.t. to copy. 
 
 transcript ('skript), n. a written 
 copy from an original. 
 
 transcription (-skrip'shun), n. a 
 copy. 
 
 transept ('sept), n. that part of a 
 church at right angles on either side 
 to the chancel. 
 
 transfer (trans-fer'), v.t. [p.t. &p.p. 
 transferred, p.pr. transferring], to 
 convey from one person or place to 
 another ; convey, as a right, title, 
 &c. ; produce by impression, as an 
 engraving from a lithographic stone : 
 n. ( trans'f er ) conveyance of a right, 
 title, property, &c, from one person 
 to another ; deed by which such a 
 transfer is executed ; removal ; a sol- 
 dier transferred from one troop or 
 company to another ; drawing or 
 writing printed off from one surface 
 to another. 
 
 transferability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 quality of being transferable. 
 
 transferable ('a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being transferred. Also transfera- 
 ble. 
 
 transferee (-fer-e'), n. the person to 
 whom anything is transferred. 
 
 transferrer (-fer'er), n. one who 
 makes a transfer. 
 
 transfiguration (-fig-u-ra'shun), n. 
 a change of form or appearance, es- 
 pecially the supernatural change in 
 the personal appearance of Jesus 
 Christ on the Mount. 
 
 transfigure (-fig'ur), v.t. to change 
 the outward form or appearance of. 
 
 transfix (-fiks'), v.t. to pierce 
 through. 
 
 tra 
 
 transfixion (-fik'shun), n. the act of 
 transfixing; state of being trans- 
 fixed. 
 
 transform (-form'), v.t. to change 
 the shape or appearance of; con- 
 vert or change the character of; 
 transmute ; metamorphose ; change 
 the form of (an algebraic equation) 
 into another of different form with- 
 out altering its value. 
 
 transformation (-for-ma'shun), n. 
 the act of transforming ; state of be- 
 ing transformed ; transmutation ; 
 metamorphosis ; change of charac- 
 ter ; conversion. 
 
 transformer (-form'er), n. an in- 
 duction coil for raising or lowering 
 electric pressure. 
 
 transfuse (-fuz'), v.t. to pour out of 
 one vessel into another ; instil ; 
 transfer, as blood, from the veins of 
 a person or animal to those of an- 
 other. 
 
 transfusion (-fu'zhun), n. the act 
 of transfusing ; state of being trans- 
 fused. 
 
 transgress (-gres'), v.t. to offend by 
 the violation or infraction of any 
 law, rule, &c. ; sin : v.t. break or vio- 
 late. 
 
 transgression (-gresh'un), n. the 
 act of violating any law or rule of 
 moral duty ; fault ; offense ; sin. 
 
 transgressor (-gres'er), n. an of- 
 fender. 
 
 transient (tran'shent), adj. fleeting; 
 brief. 
 
 transit (tran'sit), n. a passage 
 through or over ; passage of a heav- 
 enly body across the meridian of a 
 place; passage of an inferior planet 
 across the sun's disc. 
 
 transition (-sish'un), n. the passage 
 from one place or state to another : 
 change, as of key in music or of the 
 subject of discourse. 
 
 transitional (-sish'un-al), adj. in- 
 volving or denoting transition. 
 
 transitive ('si-tiv), adj. noting an 
 action passing from a subject to an 
 object. 
 
 transitively (-li), adv. in a transi- 
 tive manner. 
 
 transit! veness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being transitive. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
tra 
 
 tra 
 
 transitorily ( 'si-to-ri-li ) , adv. with a 
 short continuance. 
 
 transit oriness (-nes), n. shortness 
 of duration. 
 
 transitory ('si-to-ri), adj. continuing 
 but a short time ; evanescent ; fleet- 
 ing; unstable. 
 
 translate (trans-laf), v.t. to render 
 from one language into another ; in- 
 terpret ; remove to another place or 
 position; remove to heaven without 
 dying. 
 
 translation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
 translating; that which is trans- 
 lated ; removal ; version ; removal of 
 a bishop from one see to another. 
 
 translator ('ter), n. one who trans- 
 lates. 
 
 translucent (-lu'sent), adj. semi- 
 transparent. 
 
 transmutation (-mu-ta'shun), n. 
 the passing of the soul after death 
 from one body into that of another ; 
 metempsychosis. 
 
 tr admissibility (-mis-i-biri-ti), n. 
 the quality of being transmissible. 
 
 transmissible ('i-bl), adj. that may 
 be passed from one to another, or 
 through a body or substance. 
 
 transmission (-mish'un), it. the act 
 of transmitting; the things trans- 
 mitted ; passage through. Also trans- 
 mittal. 
 
 transmit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 transmitted, p.pr. transmitting], to 
 cause or suffer to pass over or 
 through ; send from one place or 
 person to another. 
 
 transmitter ('er), n. one who, or 
 that which, transmits ; a telegraphic 
 or telephonic sending instrument. 
 
 transmutation (-mu-ta'shun), n. 
 change from one form, nature, sub- 
 stance, or species, into another. 
 
 transmute (-mut'), v.t. to change 
 from one form, nature, substance, 
 or species into another. 
 
 transom (tran'som), n. a cross-beam 
 over a door or over the sternpost of 
 a vessel ; horizontal mullion or 
 crossbar in a window. 
 
 transparency (trans-par 'en-si), n. 
 [pi. transparencies (-siz)], the state 
 or quality of being transparent; a 
 picture painted on a semi-transpar- 
 
 ent material through which a light 
 shines. 
 
 transparent Cent), adj. having the 
 property of transmitting rays of 
 light ; clear. 
 
 transpiration (-pi-ra'shun), n. ex- 
 halation through the pores of the 
 skin. 
 
 transpire (-pir'), v.i. to be excreted 
 through the pores of the skin; be 
 exhaled ; become known ; come to 
 pass ; occur : v.t. to perspire ; exhale. 
 
 transplant (-plant'), v.t. to remove 
 and plant in another place; remove 
 and establish. 
 
 transplantation (-plan-ta'shun), n. 
 the act of transplanting. 
 
 transport (-port'), v.t. to carry 
 across or from one place to another ; 
 banish as a criminal ; carry away by 
 violence of passion, or pleasure : n. 
 (trans'port) conveyance for bag- 
 gage or stores ; a vessel employed 
 for carrying troops, stores, &c, from 
 one place to another ; violent mani- 
 festation of anger ; rapture ; ecstasy. 
 
 transportation (-por-ta'shun), n. 
 banishment for crime ; conveyance. 
 
 transporting (-port'ing), adj. rav- 
 ishing; ecstatic. 
 
 transpose (-poz'), v.t. to change the 
 place or order of, by putting each in 
 the place of the other ; change the 
 key of; change (a term) from one 
 side of an equation to the other by 
 changing the sign. 
 
 transposition (-po-zish'un), n. the 
 act of transposing ; state of being 
 transposed. Also transposal. 
 
 transubstantiation ( tran-sub-stan- 
 shi-a'shun) , n. the doctrine that after 
 consecration the elements in the Eu- 
 charist are converted into the veri- 
 table body and blood of Christ. 
 
 transude (-sud'), v.i. to pass or ooze 
 through the pores or interstices of 
 a substance. 
 
 transverse (trans- vers'), adj. lying 
 or being across or crosswise ; broad- 
 er than long. 
 
 transversely ('li), adv. in a trans- 
 verse direction. 
 
 trap (trap), n. an instrument shut- 
 ting suddenly with a spring for snar- 
 ing game, vermin, and other ani- 
 mals ; snare ; ambush ; stratagem ; a 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tra 
 
 game played with a bat, ball, and 
 shoe-shaped block of wood ; a car- 
 riage on springs ; contrivance* for 
 preventing the escape of foul air 
 from a drain ; heavy igneous rock 
 composed of feldspar, hornblende, 
 &c. : pi. baggage ; portable articles : 
 v.t. [p.t. & p.p. trapped, p.pr. trap- 
 ping]^ to catch in, or as in a trap ; 
 ensnare ; take by stratagem ; furnish 
 with a trap: v.i. to set traps for 
 game. 
 
 trapeze (tra-pez'), n. a swinging 
 horizontal bar suspended at each 
 end by a rope, used by gymnasts. 
 
 trapezium (-pe'zi-um), n. a plane 
 figure bounded by 4 right lines, of 
 which no two are parallel ; the out- 
 ermost bone of the second row of 
 the carpus. 
 
 trapezoid (trap'e-zoid), n. a plane 
 figure with 4 sides, having 2 sides 
 parallel to each other. 
 
 trapper ('er), n. one who traps ani- 
 mals, especially to obtain the fur. 
 
 trappings ('ingz), n. pi. ornamented 
 articles of dress ; superficial decora- 
 tions ; ornaments for horses. 
 
 trash (trash), n. refuse; worthless 
 or useless matter ; rubbish ; decayed 
 leaves and stems of the sugar-cane. 
 
 trashily ('i-\i), adv. in a trashy man- 
 ner. 
 
 trashiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being trashy. 
 
 trashy ('i), adj. [comp. trashier, su- 
 perl. trashiest], worthless; useless. 
 
 trass (tras), n. a tufaceous alluvium 
 or volcanic earth, used as a hy- 
 draulic cement. Also terras. # 
 
 traumatic (traw-mat'ik), adj. per- 
 taining to, applied to, suitable for, 
 or produced by, wounds. 
 
 travado (tra-va'do), n. a sudden 
 squall accompanied with lightning 
 and rain [Spanish]. 
 
 travail (trav'il or 'al), n. labor with 
 pain ; severe toil ; parturition : v.i. 
 to suffer the pains of childbirth. 
 
 trave (trav), n. a wooden frame for 
 confining a horse while being shod. 
 
 travel (trav'el), v.i. to journey, espe- 
 cially to foreign or distant places ; 
 proceed ; move : v.t. to journey 
 over : n. the act of journeying, espe- 
 cially to foreign or distant places : 
 
 tre 
 
 pi. an account of occurrences and 
 things seen during a journey. 
 
 traveled ('eld), p.adj. having made 
 journeys : hence experienced. 
 
 traveler ('el-er), n. one who travels; 
 one who journeys from place to 
 place to solicit custom for a mercan- 
 tile house ; a ring that slides along 
 a rope or spar. 
 
 traverse ('ers), adj. lying or being 
 across : adv. athwart ; crosswise : n. 
 a cross piece ; something lying or 
 placed across something else ; a gal- 
 lery or loft of communication in a 
 church or large building ; formal de- 
 nial of the pleadings of the opposite 
 party in a lawsuit; parapet and 
 trench across a ditch; the turning 
 of a gun to command different 
 points : v.t. to lay or place in a cross 
 direction ; thwart ; multiply ; travel 
 or pass over ; survey carefully ; turn 
 to one side or the other and point, 
 as a piece of ordnance ; plane across 
 the grain ; deny formally : v.i. to 
 turn as on a pivot; move round; 
 tread or move crosswise. 
 
 travesty ('es-ti), n. [pi. travesties 
 (-tiz)], a burlesque or parody: v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. travestied, p.pr. trav- 
 estying], to burlesque or parody. 
 
 trawl (trawl), n. sl large net of pe- 
 culiar construction used in deep-sea 
 fishing : v.i. to fish with a trawl. 
 
 trawler ('er), n. one who trawls; a 
 fishing vessel used in trawling. 
 
 trawling ('ing), n. the act or pro- 
 cess of fishing with a net which 
 drags along the bottom of the sea. 
 
 tray (tra), n. [pi. trays (traz)], a 
 broad, flat vessel for holding or car- 
 rying dishes, glasses, &c. ; salver. 
 
 trayful ('fool), n. [pi. trayfuls 
 ('foolz)], as much as a tray will 
 contain. 
 
 treacherous (trech'er-us), adj. be- 
 traying a trust; perfidious; faith- 
 less. 
 
 treachery ('er-i), n. [pi. treacheries 
 (-iz) ], treasonable or perfidious con- 
 duct ; perfidy ; violation of allegi- 
 ance or faith ; treason. 
 
 treacle (tre'kl), n. a syrup drained 
 from sugar in the process of refin- 
 ing ; molasses. 
 
 tread (tred), v.i. [p.t. trod, p.p. trod- 
 
 ftte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boOn, 
 D. 53. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tre 
 
 tre 
 
 den, p.pr. treading], to step or walk, 
 especially to walk with a more or 
 less stately or measured step ; copu- 
 late, as birds : v.t. to walk on ; crush 
 under the feet ; subdue or vanquish. 
 
 treadle ('1), n. that part of a loom 
 or other machine moved by the foot. 
 
 treadmill ('mil), n. a large wheel 
 driven by persons treading on the 
 steps of the periphery. 
 
 treason (tre'zn), n. the offense of 
 betraying the state or subverting the 
 government of the state to which 
 the offender belongs ; rebellion. 
 
 treasure (trezh'ur), n. accumulated 
 wealth ; abundance ; plenty ; some- 
 thing highly valued : v.t. to lay up 
 or collect for future use ; hoard ; ac- 
 cumulate; value highly. 
 
 treasurer (-er), n. one who has the 
 charge of a treasure ; a public officer 
 who receives the money collected 
 from taxes, duties, &c. ; one who has 
 charge of collected funds. 
 
 treasurer skip (-ship), n. the office 
 of a treasurer. 
 
 treasury ('ur-i), n. [pi. treasuries 
 (-iz) ], a place or building where the 
 public revenues are deposited and 
 the public debts discharged ; that 
 department of a government which 
 has charge of the finances ; the offi- 
 cials constituting such a department ; 
 collection of valuable information or 
 facts. 
 
 treasury note (not), n. a demand 
 note issued by the United States 
 treasury, and by law made a legal 
 tender for all debts, public and priv- 
 ate, except duties on imports and 
 interest on the public debt. 
 
 treat (tret), v.t. to handle or manage 
 in a particular manner ; behave to- 
 wards ; entertain with food or drink 
 without cost to the guests ; discourse 
 on ; manage in the application of 
 remedies : v.t. to discuss ; negotiate ; 
 agree; give a gratuitous entertain- 
 ment : n. an entertainment given as 
 an expression of regard; something 
 which affords great pleasure. 
 
 treatise ('is), n. a written composi- 
 tion on some particular subject, in 
 which its principles are discussed or 
 explained. 
 
 treatment ('ment), n. act or man- 
 
 ner of treating; usage; manage- 
 ment ; manipulation. 
 
 treaty ('i), n. [pi. treaties (-iz)], 
 the act of treating ' for the adjust- 
 ment of differences or for forming 
 an agreement; league or agreement 
 between two states, &c. ; negotia- 
 tion. 
 
 treble (treb'l), adj. threefold; triple; 
 pertaining to the highest vocal or 
 instrumental part [Music] : n. the 
 highest vocal or instrumental part; 
 soprano : v.t. to make threefold : v.i. 
 to become threefold. 
 
 tree (tre), n. any woody plant hav- 
 ing a single trunk and branches ; 
 anything resembling a tree; a piece 
 of timber ; cross : v.t . to drive to a 
 tree ; place in difficulty : v.i. to take 
 refuge in a tree. 
 
 trefoil ('foil), n. any plant of the 
 genus Trifolium, including the clo- 
 vers; an ornamental foliation used 
 in architecture resembling three- 
 leaved clover. 
 
 treenail ('nal), n. a cylindrical 
 wooden pin used for securing the 
 planks of a ship to the timbers. 
 Also trenail. 
 
 trek (trek) j v.i. to travel by wagon, 
 especially in search of a new settle- 
 ment : n. a journey by wagon [South 
 Africa] . 
 
 trellis (trel'is), n. a structure or 
 frame of lattice-work for supporting 
 vines, &c. 
 
 trellis -work (-werk), n. small bars 
 nailed together crosswise. 
 
 tremble (trem'bl), v.i. to shake in- 
 voluntarily, as with fear, cold, weak- 
 ness, &c. ; shudder ; totter ; quaver, 
 as sound : n. an involuntary shak- 
 ing; shiver. 
 
 trembling ('bling), adj. shaking as 
 with fear ; quivering. 
 
 tremendous (tre-men'dus), adj. ex- 
 citing fear or terror ; dreadful ; ter- 
 rible ; terrific ; marvelous. 
 
 tremolite (trem'o-lit), n. a white va- 
 riety of hornblende. 
 
 tremolo (trem'o-lo), n. a tremulous 
 or fluttering effect in vocal or instru- 
 mental music ; mechanical device in 
 an organ by which a tremolo is pro- 
 duced. 
 
 tremor (trem'er), n. an involuntary 
 
 ate, arm, 
 
 :, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tre 
 
 trl 
 
 trembling; quivering or vibratory 
 motion. 
 
 tremulous ('u-lus), adj. trembling; 
 quivering ; shaking ; affected with 
 fear or timidity ; vibratory. 
 
 trench (trench), n. a long, narrow 
 cut or ditch excavated in the earth ; 
 open ditch for draining ; an excava- 
 tion made to interrupt the advance 
 of an enemy, or to cover the advance 
 of troops to a besieged place : v.t. to 
 form a ditch in ; dig or cultivate 
 deeply : v.i. to encroach. 
 
 trenchant ('ant), adj. sharp; keen; 
 severe. 
 
 trencher ('er), n. one who trenches; 
 a large wooden plate ; trencher-cap. 
 
 trencher-cap (-kap), n. a college 
 cap. 
 
 trend (trend), n. inclination in a 
 particular direction ; general tend- 
 ency : v.i. to have a particular di- 
 rection ; tend ; stretch. 
 
 trepan (tre-pan'), n. a cylindrical 
 saw of peculiar construction used in 
 the operation of trepanning : v.i. 
 [p.t. & p.p. trepanned, p.pr. trepan- 
 ning], to perform the operation of 
 trepanning: v.t. to perforate with a 
 trepan. 
 
 trepanning ('ing), n. the surgical 
 operation of making a perforation 
 in the skull and taking out a piece 
 to remove pressure on the brain. 
 
 trepang (tre-pang'), n. the beche-de- 
 mer. 
 
 trephine (tre-fm'), n. a surgical in- 
 strument for removing a disk of 
 bone from the skull : v.t. to operate 
 on with a trephine ; to trepan. 
 
 trepidation (trep-i-da'shun), n. an 
 involuntary trembling ; state of ter- 
 ror or alarm ; confused haste. 
 
 trespass (tres'pas), v.i. to commit 
 any offense ; sin ; enter unlawfully 
 upon the land of another ; intrude ; 
 violate any recognized rule of duty 
 or social life : n. the act of trespass- 
 ing ; any offense or injury done to 
 the person or property of another ; 
 transgression : sin. 
 
 tress (tres), n. a braid or lock of 
 hair. 
 
 tressel, same as trestle. 
 
 trestle (tres'l), n. a movable form 
 
 for supporting anything ; frame of a 
 table. 
 
 trestle-board (-bord), n. a draught- 
 man's designing board. 
 
 trestle-tree (-tre), n. one of two 
 stout bars of timber secured hori- 
 zontally to a mast to support the 
 cross-trees. 
 
 trestle-work (-werk), n. a viaduct, 
 pier, or scaffold supported on tres- 
 tles connected together with cross- 
 beams and braces. 
 
 trey (tra), n. a 3 at cards or dice; 
 card with 3 spots. 
 
 tri, a prefix meaning three, threefold, 
 as Wangled, adj. having 3 angles. 
 
 triable (tri'a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
 ing tried or subjected to test. 
 
 triad (tri'ad), n. a union of 3; an 
 element which can replace or direct- 
 ly unite with 3 atoms of hydrogen 
 or similar monatonic element; the 
 common chord of a tone with its 
 third and fifth [Music]. 
 
 trial (trl'al), n. an attempt or en- 
 deavor ; examination by test or ex- 
 perience; test of virtue, &c, by suf- 
 fering or temptation ; proof ; verifi- 
 cation ; state of being tried ; judicial 
 examination. 
 
 triandrian (tri-an'dri-an), adj. hav- 
 ing 3 equal and distinct stamens. 
 Also triandrous. 
 
 triangle ('ang-gl), n. a plane figure 
 bounded by 3 lines, and having 3 
 angles; a frame of 3 halberds to 
 which offenders against military dis- 
 cipline were secured to be flogged ; a 
 musical instrument of steel in the 
 form of a triangle, sounded by being 
 struck with a rod. 
 
 triangular (-ang'gu-lar), adj. hav- 
 ing 3 angles ; shaped like a triangle. 
 
 triangulate ('gu-lat), v.t. to divide 
 into triangles ; survey by means of 
 triangles. 
 
 triangulation (-la/shun), n. the act 
 of triangulating ; the division of a 
 district or a country into triangular 
 portions, as in a trigonometrical 
 survey. 
 
 tribal ('bal), adj. pertaining to, or 
 characteristic of, a tribe. 
 
 tribalism (-izm), n. the state of ex- 
 isting in tribes; tribal characteris- 
 tics or feeling. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tri 
 
 tri 
 
 tribasic (-ba'sik), adj. noting an acid 
 in which 3 equivalents of hydrogen 
 have been replaced by a metal. 
 
 tribe (trib), n. a family, race, or 
 class, constituting a distinct portion 
 of a people ; a family or series of 
 generations descended from a com- 
 mon ancestor, but kept distinct ; na- 
 tion of uncivilized people under one 
 chief ; a group of animals or plants 
 intermediate between an order and 
 a genus. 
 
 tribrach (tri'brak), n. a poetic foot 
 of 3 short syllables. 
 
 tribulation (trib-u-la'shun), n. se- 
 vere affliction ; deep sorrow ; acute 
 trial. 
 
 tribunal (tri-bu'nal), n. the seat of 
 a judge ; court of justice. 
 
 tribune (trib'un), n. an ancient Ro- 
 man official elected by the people to 
 safeguard their liberties ; a bench or 
 elevated place : raised stand or ros- 
 trum from which speeches are deliv- 
 ered. 
 
 tribuneship (-ship), n. the office or 
 authority of a tribune; period dur- 
 ing which a tribune held office. 
 
 tributary ( trib'u-ta-ri ) , adj. paying 
 tribute; yielding supplies; contrib- 
 uting to make up a greater object of 
 the same kind : n. a state or govern- 
 ment which pays tribute to a supe- 
 rior; a stream or river flowing into 
 a larger one. 
 
 tribute ('tit), n. an annual or stipu- 
 lated sum of money, &c, paid by 
 one state to another ; personal con- 
 tribution made in token of services > 
 rendered or acknowledgment due. 
 
 trice (tris), n. an instant: v.t. to 
 haul ; hoist and secure with a small 
 rope. 
 
 tricentenary, same as tercentenary. 
 
 triceps (tri'seps), n. the great three- 
 headed extensor muscle of the arm. 
 
 trichina (tri-kl'na), n. [pi. trichinae 
 ('ne)], a nemotoid parasitic worm, 
 which infests the muscles of swine 
 and human beings. 
 
 trichinosis (trik-i-no'sis), n. the dis- 
 ease produced by the presence of 
 trichinse in the muscles and intes- 
 tines. Also trichiniasis. 
 
 trichology (tri'kol'o-ji), n. the sci- 
 
 entific study of the hair, especially 
 for the cure of baldness. 
 
 trichord (tri'kord), n. a three- 
 stringed instrument ; a piano having 
 three strings to each key for the 
 greater part of its compass. 
 
 trichroism ('kro-izm), n. the prop- 
 erty of certain crystals of transmit- 
 ting various colors in three different 
 directions. 
 
 trick (trik), n. a stratagem or arti- 
 fice ; wile ; vicious habit or practice ; 
 deception ; imposition ; legerdemain ; 
 clever contrivance to puzzle, amuse, 
 or annoy ; whole number of cards 
 falling to the winner in one round : 
 pi. frolic: v.t. to cheat; impose 
 upon ; deceive ; delineate without 
 color ; decorate or set off (with out). 
 
 trickery ('er-i), n. deception; cheat- 
 ing ; fraud ; imposture. 
 
 trickily ('i-li), adv. in a tricky man- 
 ner. 
 
 trickiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being tricky. 
 
 trickle ('1), v.i. to flow gently down 
 or in a small stream ; run down in 
 drops : n, a small gentle stream. 
 
 trickster ('ster), n, a cheat; de- 
 ceiver. 
 
 tricksy ('si), adj. full of tricks; 
 pretty. 
 
 tricktrack ('trak), n. an old game 
 resembling backgammon. 
 
 tricky ('i), adj. given to tricks; 
 knavish; shifty; artful; cunning. 
 
 triclinic (tri-klin'ik), adj. having 3 
 unequal axes intersecting at oblique 
 angles. 
 
 triclinium (-klin'i-um), n. [pi. tri- 
 clinia (-a)], a couch, usually ac- 
 commodating 3 persons for reclin- 
 ing at meals; a dining-room fur- 
 nished with couches on 3 sides. 
 
 tricolor ('kul-er), n. a national flag 
 of 3 colors arranged in equal stripes. 
 
 tricontahe dr al ( -kon-ta-he'dral ) , 
 adj. having 30 sides. 
 
 tricycle (trl'si-kl), n. a three- wheeled 
 modernized form of velocipede: v.i, 
 to ride on a tricycle. 
 
 trident ('dent), n. a scepter or spear 
 with 3 prongs, especially the scepter 
 of Neptune : hence sovereignty of 
 the sea. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
iri 
 
 tridentate (-den'tat), adj. having 3 
 teeth or prongs. 
 
 tried (trid), p. adj. proved; tested; 
 trustworthy ; faithful. 
 
 triennial ( tri-en'i-al ) , adj. occurring 
 in, or continuing for, three years. 
 
 triennially (-i), adv. once in 3 years. 
 
 trier ('er), n. one who tries or makes 
 experiments ; a judge ; test. 
 
 trifid ('fid), adj. three-cleft. 
 
 trifle ('fl), n. anything of little value 
 or importance; a light kind of dish 
 made of sponge-cakes soaked in 
 sherry and covered with jam, cream, 
 &c. : v.i. to act or talk with levity ; 
 indulge in light or frivolous amuse- 
 ments : v.t. to waste or fritter away. 
 
 trifling ('fling), adj. of small value 
 or importance. 
 
 trifoliate (-fo'li-at), adj. three- 
 leaved. 
 
 triforium ( r ri-um), n. the open gal- 
 lery or arcade above the arches of a 
 church, separating the nave arches 
 from the aisles. 
 
 trifnrcate (-fer'kat), adj. three- 
 forked. 
 
 trig (trig), adj. trim; neat: v.t. [p.t. 
 & p.p. trigged, p.pr. trigging], to 
 skid or stop (a wheel) : n. s. skid. 
 
 trigger ('er), n. a catch which, when 
 pulled, releases the hammer of a 
 gun. 
 
 triglyph (tri'glif), n. an ornament 
 of the Doric frieze placed directly 
 over each column and at equal dis- 
 tances. 
 
 trigonal (trig'o-nal), adj. three-cor- 
 nered. 
 
 trigonometric (-o-no-met'rik), adj. 
 pertaining to, or done by, trigonome- 
 try. Trigonometrical. 
 
 trigonometrically (-al-i), adv. by 
 trigonometry. 
 
 trigonometry (-nom'e-tri), n. the 
 science of measuring the sides and 
 angles of triangles, and ascertaining 
 the relations between them by cer- 
 tain parts which are given. 
 
 trihedral (-he'dral), adj. having 3 
 sides. 
 
 trihedron ('dron), n. a figure having 
 3 sides. 
 
 trilateral (-lat'er-al), adj. three- 
 sided. 
 
 trilaterally (-i), adv. with 3 sides. 
 
 tri 
 
 trilinear (-lin'e-ar), adj. three-lined. 
 
 trilith ('lith),n. a monument formed 
 by three stones, two upright and one 
 across the others. Also trilithon. 
 
 trill (tril), n. a shake or quaver of 
 the voice : v.t. to sing with a quaver : 
 v.i. to quaver. 
 
 trillion (tril'yun), n. in the French 
 system of numeration, followed in 
 the United States, a unit with 12 
 ciphers annexed ; in the English sys- 
 tem, a unit with 18 ciphers annexed. 
 
 trilobite (trl'lo-blt), n. a fossil crus- 
 tacean of the Palaeozoic period. 
 
 trilogy (tril'o-ji), n. a series of three 
 dramas each complete in itself, but 
 forming one poetical and historical 
 picture. 
 
 trim (trim), adj. [comp. trimmer, 
 superl. trimmest], neat; compact; 
 in good order or service : v.t. [p.t. & 
 p.p. trimmed, p.pr. trimming], to 
 decorate or adorn ; make trim ; ad- 
 just ; make smooth : v.i. to balance 
 or fluctuate between parties. 
 
 trimmer ('er), n. one who trims; 
 time-server; joist into which others 
 are framed. 
 
 trimorphism (tri-m6r'fizm), n. the 
 property of crystallizing in three 
 forms ; co-existence among individ- 
 uals of the same species of 3 distinct 
 forms, unconnected by intermediate 
 gradations. 
 
 Trinitarian (trin-i-ta'ri-an), adj. 
 pertaining to the Trinity, or the doc- 
 trine of the Trinity. 
 
 Trinitarianism (-izm), n. the doc- 
 trine that there are three Persons in 
 the Trinity. 
 
 Trinity ('i-ti), n. the union of the 
 Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost 
 in one Godhead : one God as to sub- 
 stance, three Persons as to individ- 
 uality. 
 
 Trinity Sunday (sun'da), n. the 
 Sunday next after Whitsunday. 
 
 trinket (tring'ket), n. anything small 
 and of little value; small ornament 
 or jewel. 
 
 trinomial (tri-no'mi-al), adj. con- 
 sisting of 3 terms, connected by the 
 sign + or — . 
 
 trio (tre'6), n. a set of 3; 3 united; 
 composition for 3 voices or instru- 
 ments. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tri 
 
 tro 
 
 trip (trip), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. tripped, 
 p.pr. tripping], to run or step light- 
 ly or nimbly ; take short, quick 
 steps ; stumble ; err ; take an excur- 
 sion : n. a nimble, short step ; stum- 
 ble ; mistake ; journey. 
 
 tripartite (trip'ar-tlt or tri-par'tit), 
 adj. divided into 3 parts. 
 
 tripe (trip), n. the large stomach of 
 a ruminating animal prepared for 
 food. 
 
 triphthong (trip'thSng), n. a com- 
 bination of 3 vowels in one sound. 
 
 triple ('1), adj. threefold; consisting 
 of 3 united ; 3 times repeated : v.t. & 
 v.i. to increase threefold. 
 
 triplet ('let), n. 3 united: pi. 3 chil- 
 dren at one birth. 
 
 triplicate ('li-kat), adj. threefold. 
 
 tripod (tri'pod), n. a three-legged 
 stool or table ; the seat supported by 
 3 legs on which the pythoness sat 
 when giving responses at the Del- 
 phic oracle. 
 
 tripoli (trip'o-li), n. an earthy sub- 
 stance consisting of siliceous shells 
 of diatoms. 
 
 triptych ('tik), n. St. writing-tablet in 
 3 parts ; a panel, usually an altar 
 piece, consisting of 3 compartments, 
 two of them folding over the middle 
 one which is fixed. 
 
 trireme (tri'rem), n. an ancient gal- 
 ley with three banks of oars. 
 
 trisect (tri-sekf), v.t. to divide into 
 three equal parts. 
 
 trisection (-sek'shun), n. division 
 into 3 parts, especially an angle into 
 3 equal parts. 
 
 trisyllable (tri-sil'a-bl), n. a word 
 of three syllables. 
 
 trite (trit), adj. worn out; stale. 
 
 tritely ('li), adv. in a trite manner. 
 
 triteness ('nes), n. the quality of be- 
 ing trite. 
 
 tritheism (tri'the-izm), n. the doc- 
 trine that the three Persons in the 
 Trinity are three distinct Gods. 
 
 triturate (trit'u-rat), v.t. to rub, 
 grind, or bruise to powder. 
 
 trituration ( -ra'shun ) , n. the act of 
 triturating or reducing to powder. 
 
 triumph (tri'umf), n. a grand pro- 
 cession in honor of a general who 
 has gained a decisive victory ; state 
 of joy at success ; victory ; conquest : 
 
 v.i. to rejoice over success ; obtain a 
 victory- 
 triumphal (-um'fal), adj. pertaining 
 to, indicating, or in honor of, a tri- 
 umph. 
 
 triumphant ('fant), adj. rejoicing 
 for victory ; victorious. 
 
 triumvir (-um'ver), n. [pi. triumviri 
 ('vi-ri) ], one of three men united in 
 office. 
 
 triumvirate ('vi-rat), n. a coalition 
 of three men in office or authority. 
 
 triune ('tin), adj. 3 in one. 
 
 trivalent (triv'a-lent), adj. capable 
 of being combined with, or replaced 
 by, 3 atoms of hydrogen. 
 
 trivet ('et), n. a stand for holding a 
 kettle, &c, near the fire. 
 
 trivial ('i-al), adj. trifling; common- 
 place. 
 
 triviality (-al'i-ti), n. [pi. triviali- 
 ties (-tiz)], the state or quality of 
 being trivial. 
 
 trocha (trot'sha), n. a military high- 
 road. 
 
 troche (tro'ke), n. a medicinal loz- 
 enge. 
 
 trochee ('ke), n. a metrical foot of 2 
 syllables: the first long, the second 
 short. 
 
 trochlear (trok'le-ar), adj. pulley- 
 like : said of certain muscles. 
 
 trod, p.t. of tread. 
 
 troglodyte (trog'lo-dit), n. a cave 
 dweller : said of certain tribes. 
 
 Trojan (tro'jan), adj. pertaining to 
 Troy. 
 
 troll (trol), n. a giant or giantess of 
 supernatural powers ; sorceress ; a 
 kind of song ; reel on a fishing-rod : 
 v.t. to sing the parts of in succes- 
 sion : v.i. to fish, as for pike, with a 
 rod and line running on a reel. 
 
 trolley ('i), n. a kind of truck; a 
 grooved metal wheel traveling in 
 contact with a live electric wire. 
 
 trolley car (kar), n. a car propelled 
 by means of a trolley and an electric 
 motor. 
 
 trollop ('up), n. a slattern. 
 
 trombone (trom'bon), n. a large 
 brass instrument of the trumpet 
 kind. 
 
 tromometer (tro-mom'e-ter), n. an 
 instrument for measuring earth tre- 
 mors. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, tfften. 
 
tro 
 
 tru 
 
 troop (trSop), n. a multitude; small 
 body of cavalry, usually 60 ; soldiers 
 collectively ; company of perform- 
 ers : v.i. to march in a body ; collect 
 in crowds. 
 
 trooper ('er), n. a cavalryman; 
 troopship. 
 
 trope (trop), n. a word or expression 
 used in a sense different from its 
 usual signification; figurative word. 
 
 trophy ('fi), n. [pi. trophies ('fiz)], 
 a memorial of a victory ; memento. 
 
 tropic (trop'ik), n. one of the two 
 small circles of the celestial sphere, 
 situated at each side of the equator, 
 at a distance of 23° 28' and parallel 
 to it, within the limits of which the 
 sun moves in his yearly course; re- 
 gion between the tropics. 
 
 tropical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to, 
 or situated within, the tropics; fig- 
 urative. 
 
 tropically (-i), adv. figuratively. 
 
 trot (trot), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. trotted, 
 p.pr. trotting], to move faster than 
 a walk : v.t. to cause to trot : n. the 
 pace of a horse a little faster than a 
 walk ; jogging pace ; term of endear- 
 ment. 
 
 troth (troth), n. betrothal; fidelity. 
 
 trotter (trot'er), n. a trotting horse; 
 sheep's or pig's foot. 
 
 troubadour (troo'ba-door), n. one of 
 a class of lyric poets who flourished 
 in the south of France and north of 
 Italy llth-lSth centuries. 
 
 trouble (trub'l), n. mental agitation, 
 distress, or worry ; fault or inter- 
 ruption in the stratum of a mine : 
 v.t. to agitate, distress, or worry ; 
 give occasion of labor to. 
 
 troublesome (-sum), adj. causing 
 trouble. 
 
 trough (tr6f), n. a long, hollow ves- 
 sel for holding a liquid, food, &c. ; 
 anything hollowed out. 
 
 trounce (trouns), v.t. to beat sound- 
 ly. 
 
 trouncing ('ing), n. a severe beat- 
 ing. 
 
 troupe (troop), n. a company of per- 
 formers. 
 
 trousers (trou'zerz), n.pl. a garment 
 worn by men and boys, from the 
 waist to the ankles, and covering 
 each leg separately. 
 
 trousseau (troo-so'), n. [pi. trous- 
 seaux (-soz')J, a bride's outfit. 
 
 trout (trout), n. a fresh-water fish 
 allied to the salmon, but smaller. 
 
 trover (tro'ver), n. the gaining pos- 
 session of goods by finding or other 
 means; an action at law for goods 
 found and not delivered on demand. 
 
 trow (trou), v.i. to believe; trust. 
 
 trowel ( 'el ) , n. a flat, triangular tool 
 used for spreading mortar; a gar- 
 dener's tool. 
 
 troy weight (troi'wat), n. a weight 
 of 12 ounces to the pound, used by 
 goldsmiths and jewelers. 
 
 truancy (troo'an-si), n. playing tru- 
 ant. 
 
 truant ('ant), n. one who absents 
 himself from school without leave; 
 one who idles away from duty or 
 business ; loiterer : adj. pertaining 
 to, or characteristic of a truant; 
 idle. 
 
 truce (troos), n. sl temporary peace 
 or cessation of hostilities ; brief ces- 
 sation. 
 
 truck (truk), n. a wheeled vehicle for 
 carrying goods ; small wooden wheel ; 
 small wooden cap on the top of a 
 flagstaff, &c. ; barter ; garden vegeta- 
 bles : v.t. to send by truck ; peddle ; 
 hawk : v.i. to exchange commodities ; 
 barter ; negotiate. 
 
 truckle ( '1 ) , n. a small wheel or cas- 
 ter : v.t. trundle ; move on rollers : 
 v.i. to yield obsequiously to anoth- 
 er's will. 
 
 truckle-bed (-bed), n. a trundle-bed. 
 
 truculence ('u.-lens), n. ferocity. 
 
 truculent ('u-lent), adj. ferocious; 
 of fierce aspect. 
 
 trudge (truj), v.i. to travel on foot, 
 especially with labor or fatigue. 
 
 true (trod), adj. [comp. truer, superl. 
 truest], comformable to fact; faith- 
 ful or loyal ; genuine ; rightful ; cor- 
 rect. 
 
 true-blue ('bloo), adj. of inflexible 
 honesty and fidelity. 
 
 truffle (truf'l), n. sl fleshy under- 
 ground fungus much esteemed as a 
 table delicacy. 
 
 truism (troo'izm), n. a self-evident 
 truth. 
 
 truly ('li), adv. in agreement with 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tru 
 
 tse 
 
 truth or fact; precisely; sincerely; 
 honestly. 
 
 trump (trump), n. a trumpet: a win- 
 ning card; one of the suit of cards 
 that takes any of the other suits ; a 
 genuine good fellow : v.t. to take 
 with a trump card : v.i. to play a 
 trump card. 
 
 trumpery ('er-i), n. worthless finery ; 
 rubbish: adj. worthless; insignifi- 
 cant. 
 
 trumpet ('et), n. a metal wind in- 
 strument formed of a single curved 
 tube ; an organ stop : v.t. to publish 
 by, or as by, the sound of trumpet ; 
 noise abroad ; praise extravagantly. 
 
 trumpeter ('er), n. one who sounds 
 a trumpet ; one who proclaims ; self- 
 flatterer; a variety of pigeon; an 
 American swan. 
 
 truncal (trung'kal), adj. pertaining 
 to the trunk. 
 
 truncate ('kat), adj. appearing as 
 if cut off at the tip : v.t. (trung-kaf) 
 to lop. 
 
 truncated ('ka-ted), adj. cut off 
 short. 
 
 truncheon (trun'chun), n. a short 
 staff or cudgel ; baton or staff of au- 
 thority: v.t. to beat with a trun- 
 cheon. 
 
 trundle ('dl), v.t. to roll along; roll, 
 as on small wheels : n. el little wheel ; 
 truck. 
 
 trundle-bed ('bed), n. a low bed 
 that runs on casters. 
 
 trunk (trungk), n. the stem of a 
 tree; body of an animal, as distin- 
 guished from the head and limbs; 
 main body of anything; elephant's 
 proboscis ; large traveling box or 
 chest ; shaft of a column. 
 
 trunk-hose ('hoz), n. large breeches 
 reaching to the knees. 
 
 trunnion (trun'yun), n. one of the 
 two bosses which project from the 
 opposite sides of a cannon. 
 
 truss (trus), n. a surgical apparatus 
 for the relief of hernia ; a bundle or 
 package; timbers fastened together 
 for the support of a roof; rope or 
 iron for keeping the center of the 
 lower yard to the mast ; tuft of flow- 
 ers formed at the top of the main 
 stalk or stem of certain plants : v.t. 
 
 to bind or pack close; seize and 
 carry off ; skewer ; make fast. 
 
 trust (trust), n. confidence; faith; 
 credit ; special reliance on presumed 
 integrity ; combination of capitalists 
 to secure a monopoly ; an estate held 
 for the benefit of another: v.t. to 
 place confidence in ; rely upon ; cred- 
 it; sell upon credit to: v.i. to have 
 trust in : adj. held in trust. 
 
 trustee (trus-te'), n. a person to 
 whom property or the management 
 of property is committed for the 
 benefit of others. 
 
 trusteeship (-ship), n. the office or 
 functions of a trustee. 
 
 trustful (trust'fool), adj. full of 
 trust ; faithful. 
 
 trustfully (-i), adv. in a trustful 
 manner. 
 
 trustiness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
 being trusty. 
 
 trusty ('i), adj. [comp. trustier, su- 
 perl. trustiest], justly deserving con- 
 fidence; faithful. 
 
 truth (trooth), n. [pi. truths], agree- 
 ment with reality ; eternal principle 
 of right, or law of order ; veracity ; 
 fidelity; fact. 
 
 truthful ('fool), adj. according to, 
 adhering to, or speaking, the truth ; 
 reliable. 
 
 truthfully (-i), adv. in a truthful 
 manner. 
 
 try (tri), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tried, p.pr. 
 trying], to prove by experiment; 
 test or prove ; examine ; purify or 
 refine ; subject to severe trial ; ex- 
 amine judicially; subject to strain: 
 n. an attempt or experiment. 
 
 trying ('ing), adj. afflictive; difficult. 
 
 try-sail ('sal), n. a sail set on the 
 fore and main masts, rigged with a 
 boom and gaff. 
 
 tryst (trist), n. a rendezvous; place 
 of meeting ; appointment to meet ; 
 meeting in accordance with appoint- 
 ment. 
 
 tsar, another form of czar. 
 
 tsarina, same as czarina. 
 
 tsetse (tset'se), n. an irritating Afri- 
 can fly whose bite is fatal to oxen, 
 horses, &c. 
 
 T-square (te'skwar), n. a draughts- 
 man's ruler. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tna 
 
 tun 
 
 tuatera (too-a-ta'ra), n. a New Zea- 
 land carnivorous lizard. 
 
 tub (tub), n. a small cask: sponge 
 bath : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tubbed, p.pr. 
 tubbing], to place in a tub: v.i. to 
 take a sponge bath. 
 
 tube (tub), n. a hollow cylinder for 
 conveying fluids ; pipe : v.t. to fur- 
 nish with a tube. 
 
 tuber (tu'ber), n. a thickened, round- 
 ish, underground stem. 
 
 tubercle (-kl), n. a small hard local 
 tumor ; little tuber. 
 
 tubercular ('ku-ler), adj. full of 
 small knobs or tubercles. 
 
 tuberculin (tu-ber'cu-lin), n. a 
 liquid prepared from attenuated cul- 
 tures of the tubercle bacillus, in- 
 tended for inoculation as a cure for 
 consumption ; now used in testing 
 cattle suspected of tuberculosis. 
 
 tuberculosis (-lo'sis), n. a disease 
 accompanied by the formation of 
 small tubercles in the tissues. 
 
 tuberous ('ber-us), adj. consisting 
 of roundish fleshy tubers. 
 
 tuberose ('ber-os), n. an odoriferous 
 plant with a tuberous root and lilia- 
 ceous flowers. 
 
 tubing ('bing), n. material for tubes. 
 
 tubular ('bu-lar), adj. tube-shaped; 
 consisting of a tube or tubes. 
 
 tuck (tuk), n. a fold in a dress; roll 
 of a drum : v.t. to thrust or press 
 in ; gather, or turn up ; fold under. 
 
 tucker ('er), n. ornamental frilling 
 or article of dress for shading the 
 bosom of a woman. 
 
 Tuesday (tuz'da), n. the 3rd day of 
 the week. 
 
 tufa (too'fa), n. friable volcanic rock 
 or scoriae ; soft or porous stone 
 formed by the deposition of carbon- 
 ate of lime from water. Tuff. 
 
 tuft (tuft), n. a collection of small 
 things forming a knot or bunch : v.t. 
 to separate into, or adorn with, 
 tufts. 
 
 tuft-hunter (-hun'ter), n. one who 
 courts the acquaintance of persons 
 of rank. 
 
 tug (tug), n. a pull with great effort ; 
 steam towing vessel : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 tugged, p.pr. tugging], to pull or 
 draw with continued effort ; tow : 
 v.i. to strain in labor. 
 
 tuition (tu-ish'un), n. act or busi- 
 ness of teaching ; instruction ; fee 
 for instruction. 
 
 tulip ('lip), n. a liliaceous plant with 
 bell-shaped flowers. 
 
 tulle (tool), n. a delicate silk lace or 
 netting. 
 
 tumble (tum'bl), v.i. to fall suddenly 
 and violently ; roll about : v.t. to 
 throw down ; turn over : n. a fall ; a 
 rolling over. 
 
 tumbler ('bier), n. one who tumbles; 
 posture maker ; a kind of drinking- 
 glass; variety of pigeon. 
 
 tumbrel ('brel), n. a cart that may 
 be tilted up ; two-wheeled covered 
 cart for conveying tools, ammuni- 
 tion, &c, in a military train. Also 
 tumbril. 
 
 tumid ('mid), adj. swollen; distend- 
 ed ; bombastic ; pompous. 
 
 tumidity ('i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being tumid. 
 
 tumor ('mer), n. a morbid swelling 
 or enlargement of any part of the 
 body. 
 
 turn- turn (tum'tum), n. a West In- 
 dian dish of boiled plantain. 
 
 tumult (tu'mult), n. the commotion 
 of a number of people; noisy con- 
 fusion ; riot. 
 
 tumultuous (-mul'tu-us), adj. char- 
 acterized by, or full of, tumult; dis- 
 orderly; agitated. 
 
 tumulus ('mu-lus), n. [pi. tumuli 
 (-11)], an artificial hillock raised 
 over a grave. 
 
 tun (tun), n. a large cask; measure 
 of wine = 252 gallons ; fermenting 
 vat of a brewery. 
 
 tunable (tun'a-bl), adj. capable of 
 being tuned ; harmonious ; melodi- 
 ous. 
 
 tundra (toon'dra), n. a stretch of 
 mossy, marshy, flat land in Northern 
 Siberia. 
 
 tune (tun), n. a series of musical 
 notes with unity of key-note; mel- 
 ody ; short musical composition ; 
 just intonation ; fit disposition or 
 right mood : v.t. to cause to produce 
 the proper sounds ; harmonize. 
 
 tuneful ( 'fool ) , adj. musical ; har- 
 monious. 
 
 tunefully (-li), adv. harmoniously. 
 
 Ite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
tun 
 
 tuner ('er), n. one who tunes musical 
 instruments. 
 
 tungsten (tung'sten), n. a rare, 
 heavy, greyish-white metal. 
 
 tungstic acid ('stik as'id), n. an 
 acid .of tungsten consisting of 1 
 equivalent of tungsten and 3 of oxy- 
 gen. 
 
 tunic (tu'nik), n. an undergarment 
 worn by both sexes of the ancient 
 Romans ; loose kind of frock worn 
 by women and boys ; military coat ; 
 membrane covering some organ ; cov- 
 ering, as of a seed. 
 
 tunicated ('ni-ka-ted), adj. covered 
 with a membrane. 
 
 tunicle (tun'i-kl), n. a small tunic; 
 a close-fitting vestment worn by Ro- 
 man Catholic bishops and sub-dea- 
 cons. 
 
 tunnel (tun'el), n. a vaulted under- 
 ground passage cut through a hill or 
 under a river ; funnel ; shaft of a 
 
 ' (chimney ; net wide at the mouth and 
 ending in a point : v.t. to form- a 
 tunnel through or under. 
 
 tunny ('i), n. [pi. tunnies ('iz)], a 
 large marine fish allied to the mack- 
 erel. 
 
 tupelo (tu'pe-lo), n. a North Amer- 
 ican tree with red berries and a 
 very hard wood. 
 
 turaeine (too'ra-sin), ri. a red pig- 
 ment. 
 
 Turanian (tu-ra'ni-an), adj. noting 
 generally those languages and peo- 
 ples not included in the Aryan and 
 Semitic families. 
 
 turban (ter'ban), n. the headdress 
 worn by Orientals, consisting of a 
 cap around which a sash is wrapped. 
 
 turbary ('ba-ri), n. right of digging 
 turf on the land of another; place 
 where turf is dug. 
 
 turbid ('bid), adj. muddy; thick. 
 
 turbine ('bin), n. a wheel turning on 
 a vertical axis and driven by steam 
 or water. 
 
 turbit ('bit), n. a variety of pigeon. 
 
 turbot ('bot), n. a large flat fish. 
 
 turbulence ('bu-lens), n. disorder; 
 agitation. 
 
 turbulent ('bu-lent), adj. tumultu- 
 ous ; agitated • insubordinate ; riot- 
 ous. 
 
 tur 
 
 Turco ('ko), n. an Arab sharpshooter 
 in the French army. 
 
 Turcophile ('ko-fil), n. a supporter 
 of the Turks in their domination 
 over the Slavonic Christians. Also 
 Turcophil. 
 
 tureen (tu-ren'), n. a deep table-ves- 
 sel for holding soup. 
 
 turf (terf), n. the grassy surface of 
 untilled land ; race-course ; occupa- 
 tion of racing (with the) : v.t. to 
 cover with turf. 
 
 turfiness ('i-ness), n. the state or 
 quality of being turfy. 
 
 turfing ( r ing), n. the laying down of 
 turf. 
 
 turfite ('It), n. one who makes his 
 living by, or is devoted to, horse- 
 racing. 
 
 turfy ('i), adj. abounding in, or like, 
 turf. 
 
 turgescence i-jes'ens), n. inflation. 
 
 turgescent Cent), adj. growing in- 
 flated. 
 
 turgid ('jid), adj. distended beyond 
 the natural size ; inflated ; bombas- 
 tic. 
 
 turgidity ('i-ti), n. the state of be- 
 ing turgid. Also turgidness. 
 
 Turk (terk), n. a native of Turkey; 
 Mohammedan ; troublesome, mis- 
 chievous boy. 
 
 turkey ('i), n. a large gallinaceous 
 bird. 
 
 Turkish, ('ish), n. the language of 
 the Turks : adj. pertaining to Turkey 
 or the Turks. 
 
 Turkisk-batk (-bath), n. a hot air 
 bath. ' 
 
 turmeric (ter'mer-ik), n. the root- 
 stock of an East Indian plant, yield- 
 ing a yellow color used in dyeing. 
 
 turmoil ( 'moil ) , n. harassing labor ; 
 worrying confusion ; noise. 
 
 turn (tern), v.t. to cause or make to 
 go round ; change the direction of ; 
 change from one state to another; 
 reverse; convert; transform; trans- 
 late ; bend back ; blunt ; make giddy ; 
 nauseate ; expel : v.i. to have a cir- 
 cular motion ; be changed ; move as 
 on a pivot ; recoil : n. the act of 
 turning; movement in a circular di- 
 rection ; bend or curve ; change of 
 direction ; opportunity ; good or evil 
 act ; short spell ; form or cast ; fright 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
o 
 2 
 
PLAN 
 
 AND 
 
 PROFILE 
 
 OF 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 RAILROAD 
 
 ™J 
 
 
 iSb 
 
 Lji 
 
 HUDSON 
 RIVER 
 
 H9EB1 
 
 MODERN METHODS OF SUB-AQUEOUS TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION 
 
tur 
 
 iwi 
 
 or shock ; single twist or bend of a 
 rope. 
 
 turnduir ('dun), n. a flat piece of 
 wood shaped like a fish which when 
 whirled in the air makes a roaring 
 noise : used by certain savage races. 
 
 turner ('er), n. one who turns; one 
 who turns articles in a lathe ; a kind 
 of pigeon. 
 
 turnery ('er-i), n. articles made in 
 the lathe. 
 
 turning ('ing), n. the act of one 
 who, or that which, turns ; devia- 
 tion ; a winding. 
 
 turnip ('ip), n. a well-known plant 
 with a solid bulbous root. 
 
 turnkey ('ke), n. a prison warder. 
 
 turnpike ('pik), n. a gate or bar to 
 stop vehicles, and sometimes foot 
 passengers, &c, until toll is paid. 
 
 turpentine ('pen-tin), n. the resin- 
 ous or viscid juice of pine and fir 
 trees. 
 
 turpitude ('pi-tud), n. moral de- 
 pravity. 
 
 turquoise (ter'koiz), n. a precious 
 stone. 
 
 turret (tur'et), n. a small tower; 
 cylindrical rotary iron tower on a 
 man-of-war. 
 
 turret ed (-ed), adj. furnished with 
 turrets. 
 
 turtle (ter'tl), n. a large edible sea- 
 tortoise ; the turtle-dove. 
 
 turtle-dove (-duv), n. a species of 
 dove, noted for its gentleness and 
 tenderness. 
 
 Tuscan Order (tus'kan 6r'der), n. 
 the most simple of the 5 orders of 
 classic architecture. 
 
 tusk (tush), interj '. an expression of 
 contempt, rebuke, or silence. 
 
 tusk (tusk), n. the long, pointed 
 tooth on each side of the upper jaw 
 of certain mammals. 
 
 tussak (tus'a), n. an inferior kind 
 of silk. Also tussore, tusseh. 
 
 tussle ('1), n. a scuffle: v.i. to scuffle 
 or struggle. 
 
 tussock ('ok), n. a tuft, clump, or 
 small hillock of grass ; a species of 
 tuffy grass, valuable for fodder. 
 Also tussac. 
 
 tut ( tut ) , interj. hush ! be quiet ! 
 
 tutelage (tu'te-laj), n. guardianship. 
 
 tutelary ('te-la-ri), adj. protecting. 
 
 tutenag ('te-nag), n. Chinese copper. 
 
 tutor ('ter), n. a teacher; guardian: 
 v.t. to instruct; train or discipline. 
 
 tutorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
 to, or exercised by, a tutor or in- 
 structor. 
 
 tutorskip ('ter-ship), n. the office of 
 a tutor ; guardianship. 
 
 twaddle (twod'l), n. silly talk: v.t. 
 to talk in a silly or weak manner. 
 
 twain (twan), n. & adj. two. 
 
 twang (twang), n. a sharp, quick, 
 vibrating sound ; affected nasal tone 
 of voice : v.t. & v.i. to sound with a 
 sharp, vibrating noise. 
 
 tweak (twek), v.t. to pinch or pull 
 with a sudden jerk and twist: n. a 
 sudden sharp pull or pinch. 
 
 tweed (twed), n. a soft, woolly cloth 
 material. 
 
 tweezers (twe'zers), n.pl. small pinch- 
 ers for pulling out hairs. 
 
 twelftk (twelfth), adj. next in order 
 after the eleventh : n. one of 12 
 equal parts. 
 
 Twelftk Day (da) z n. Epiphany. 
 
 twelvemo (twelv'mo), n. duodecimo. 
 
 twentietk ( twen'ti-eth ) , adj. the or- 
 dinal of 20 : n. one of 20 equal parts. 
 
 twenty ('ti), adj. twice 10: n. the 
 number which is one more than 19 ; 
 a score. 
 
 twice twis), adv. two times; doubly. 
 
 twiddle (twid'l), v.t. to twirl in a 
 light manner ; touch lightly : v.t. to 
 move with a quivering motion : n. a 
 twist of the fingers. 
 
 twig (twig), n. a small shoot or 
 branch : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. twigged, 
 p.pr. twigging], to notice; under- 
 stand : v.i. to comprehend. 
 
 twiligkt (twi'lit), n. the faint light 
 before sunrise and after sunset ; 
 partial illumination : adj. obscure ; 
 shaded. 
 
 twill (twil), n. an appearance of 
 diagonal lines in textile fabrics ; 
 fabric woven with a twill : v.t. to 
 weave, as a fabric, with diagonal 
 lines. 
 
 twin (twin), adj. double; closely re- 
 sembling : n. one of two born at a 
 birth ; any person or thing very like 
 another. 
 
 twine (twin), v.t. to twist; wind 
 round ; unite closely : v.i. to be close- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
twi 
 
 ly united by twisting : n. a twist ; 
 strong thread. 
 
 twinge (twinj), v.t. to affect with a 
 sudden sharp pain ; twitch : v.i. to 
 suffer a twinge: n, a sudden sharp 
 pain. 
 
 twinkle (twing'kl), n. a quick mo- 
 tion of the eye; short, tremulous 
 light ; an instant : v.i. to open and 
 shut the eyes rapidly ; blink ; shine 
 with a tremulous, sparkling light ; 
 quiver. 
 
 twirl (twerl), v.t. to move or turn 
 round rapidly ; whirl : v.i. to rotate 
 rapidly : n. a quick, circular mo- 
 tion ; convolution. 
 
 twist (twist), v.t. to unite or form 
 by winding together ; wind spirally ; 
 interlace ; writhe or contort ; cause 
 to turn from a direct line : v.i. to be 
 contorted ; move in a curve : n. the 
 act of twisting ; convolution ; man- 
 ner of twisting ; cord or thread : 
 kind of roll tobacco. 
 
 twit (twit), v.t. [p.t. & p.v. twitted, 
 p.pr. twitting], to annoy by remind- 
 ing of a fault, &c. ; upbraid. 
 
 twitch, (twich), v.t. to pull with a 
 sudden jerk : v.i. to contract or move 
 quickly or spasmodically : n. a sud- 
 den jerk or pull ; short spasmodic 
 convulsion. 
 
 twitch-gras ('gras), n. couch-grass. 
 
 twite (twit), n. the mountain linnet. 
 
 twitter (twit'er), v.i. to make a suc- 
 cession of small, tremulous sounds, 
 as a bird ; feel a tremulous, nervous 
 motion : n. a small, tremulous noise ; 
 slight nervous agitation. 
 
 two (too), adj. one and one: n. the 
 number of one and one. 
 
 twopenny (tup'en-i), adj. of the 
 value of twopence ; trumpery. 
 
 twopenny-tube (tup'en-i-tube'), n. 
 a London colloquialism for the met- 
 ropolitan subway or underground 
 street railroad. 
 
 tycoon (ti-koon'), n. the title for- 
 merly assumed by the commander- 
 in-chief of the Japanese army. 
 
 tying (ti'ing), p.pr. of tie: n. the 
 process of washing ores. 
 
 tympan (tim'pan), n. the parchment- 
 covered frame on which sheets are 
 laid to be printed. 
 
 ~ typ 
 
 tympanic (-pan'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to a tympan or tympanum. Also 
 tympanal. 
 
 tympanum ('pa-num), n. the mem- 
 branous wall which separates the in- 
 ternal from the external ear ; the 
 drum of the ear ; flat triangular part 
 of a pediment; hollow drum-shaped 
 wheel. 
 
 type (tip), v.t. to typify; reproduce 
 by a typewriter : n. an emblem, sign, 
 or symbol ; figure or design stamped 
 on coin ; distinguishing mark ; gen- 
 eral form or structure ; original de- 
 sign ; a letter in metal or wood for 
 printing from. Different sizes of 
 printing types are indicated by dis- 
 tinguishing names and by means of 
 a unit of type measurement, which 
 in the United States is one-twelfth 
 of a pica. 
 
 SIZES OF TYPE. 
 
 Brilliant = 3% point. 
 Diamond = 4 or 4% point. 
 Pearl = 5 point. 
 Agate =5% point. 
 Nonpareil = 6 point. 
 Minion == 7 point. 
 Brevier = 8 point. 
 Bourgeois = 9 point. 
 Long primer = 10 point. 
 Small pica = 11 point. 
 Pica = 12 point. 
 English = 14 point. 
 Columbian = 16 point. 
 Great primer = 18 point. 
 type-metal ('met-al), n. an alloy of 
 lead, antimony and tin for casting 
 type. 
 typewriter ('ri-ter), n. a mechan- 
 ical contrivance for producing let- 
 ters by means of an inked ribbon 
 and types ; a typewriting-machine ; 
 an operator of a typewriting ma- 
 chine. 
 typhoid (ti'foid), adj. pertaining to, 
 or like, typhus : n. an enteric fever 
 occasioned by defective drains, &c. 
 typhoon (-foon'), n. a violent torna- 
 do in the Chinese and Japanese seas. 
 typhus ('fus), n. a contagious fever 
 
 often occurring as an epidemic. 
 typical (tip'i-kal), adj. figurative. 
 typically (-i), adv. figuratively. 
 typify ('i-fi) , v.t. [p.t. & p.p. typified, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Men. 
 
typ 
 
 tzi 
 
 p.pr. typifying], to represent by an 
 image or emblem ; foreshadow. 
 
 typist (tip'ist), n. one who operates 
 a typewriting machine. 
 
 typograph ( tl-po'graf ) , n. a type- 
 bar or line-setting machine. 
 
 typographer (ti-pog'ra-fer), n. a 
 printer. 
 
 typographia (ti-po-graf'i-a), n. mis- 
 cellaneods printing matter ; a print- 
 er's instruction-boou. 
 
 typographical (-po-grafi-kal), adj. 
 pertaining to the art of printing. 
 Also typographic. 
 
 typographically (-i), adv. by means 
 of type ; employed in printing. 
 
 typography (-pog'ra-fi), n. the art 
 of printing. 
 
 typology (-pol'oji), n. the doctrine 
 of Scripture types or figures. 
 
 typoscript (ti'po-skript), n. type- 
 written matter. 
 
 typtology (tip-tol'o-ji), n. the ex- 
 planation or interpretation of pre- 
 sumed spirit messages or rappings. 
 
 tyrannical (-ran'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or characteristic of, a tyrant ; 
 despotic ; cruel. Also tyrannic. 
 
 tyrannically (-i), adv. in a tyran- 
 nical manner. 
 
 tyrannize (tir'a.n-iz), v.i. to act like 
 a tyrant ; rule with oppressive se- 
 verity. 
 
 tyrannous ('an-us), adj. arbitrary; 
 tyrannical. 
 
 tyranny ('an-i), n. the government 
 
 or conduct of a tyrant ; severity ; 
 absolute monarchy imperiously ad- 
 ministered. 
 
 tyrant (tl'rant), n. an oppressor; 
 despot. 
 
 tyremesis (tir-em'e-sis), n. the ejec- 
 tion or vomit of curd-like matter. 
 
 Tyrian (tir'i-an), adj. pertaining to 
 ancient Tyre ; of a rich purple color. 
 
 tyriasis (ti-ri'a-sis), n. a leprous dis- 
 ease attended by tuberculous joints, 
 inflammation of the subcutaneous 
 tissue, and loss of hair. 
 
 tyro (ti'ro), n. a beginner; novice. 
 
 tyroglyphinse ( tir-o-gli-fi'ne ) , n. 
 parasitic mites found in decomposed 
 cheese and other decaying sub- 
 stances. 
 
 Tyrolese (tir-o-lez'), adj. pertaining 
 to the Tyrol or its natives. 
 
 tyrolienne (-6-le-en'), n. a popular 
 song of the Tyrolese mountaineers, 
 accompanied with dancing. 
 
 tyrolite (tir'o-llte), n. hydrous cop- 
 per arsenate. 
 
 tyroma (ti-ro'ma), n. localized bald 
 patches caused by fungous growth at 
 the roots of the hair. 
 
 tyrotoxicon (tir'6-tox'i-con), n. a 
 ptomaine poison found in decom- 
 posed milk, cheese, ice-cream and 
 like substances. 
 
 tysonite (tfson-ite), n. a fluoride of 
 cerium discovered by S. T. Tyson. 
 
 Tzigane (tsig'ane), n. a Hungarian 
 gipsy. 
 
 ate, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
ubiquitous (u-bik'wi-tus), adj. ex- 
 isting everywhere ; omnipresent. 
 
 ubiquity ('wi-ti), n. omnipresence. 
 
 udder (ud'der), n. the glandular or- 
 gan of a mammal which secretes the 
 milk. 
 
 uglily (ug'li-li), adv. in an ugly man- 
 ner. 
 
 ugliness (-nes), n. total absence of 
 beauty; deformity, physical or 
 moral. 
 
 ugly ('li), adj. [comp. uglier, superl. 
 ugliest], that which is offensive to 
 the eye ; deformed ; morally repel- 
 lent ; ill-natured. 
 
 uhlan (u'lan), n. one of a kind of 
 light cavalry, or lancer, in the Ger- 
 man army. 
 
 ukase (-kas'), n. a Russian imperial 
 decree having the force of a law. 
 
 ulcer (ul'ser), n. a sore, attended 
 with a secretion of pus. 
 
 ulcerate (-at), v.t. to affect with an 
 ulcer : v.i. to be formed into an ulcer. 
 
 ulceration (-a'shun), n. the process 
 of forming into an ulcer. 
 
 ulcerous ('ser-us), adj. ulcer-like. 
 
 ule (til), n. a Mexican tree which 
 yields caoutchouc. 
 
 ulna ('na), n. the larger of the two 
 bones that form the fore-arm. 
 
 ulnar ('ner), adj. pertaining to the 
 ulna. 
 
 ulster (ul'ster), n. a long, loose over- 
 coat of coarse cloth. 
 
 ulterior (-te'ri-er), adj. lying beyond 
 or on the further side ; more dis- 
 tant ; beyond something else either 
 expressed or implied. 
 
 ultima ('ti-ma), n. the last syllable 
 of a word. 
 
 ultimate ('ti-mat), adj. being the 
 
 last; utmost; furthest; extreme; 
 final. 
 
 ultimately (-li), adv. finally. 
 
 ultimatum (-ti-ma'tum), n. [pi. ulti- 
 mata, ultimatums ('ta, 'tumz)], 
 final conditions offered as the basis 
 of an agreement prior to the declara- 
 tion of hostilities. 
 
 ultimo ('ti-mo), adv. in the month 
 preceding the present. 
 
 ultra ('tra), adj. extreme. 
 
 ultramarine (-ma-ren), n. a beau- 
 tiful, permanent, blue pigment, orig- 
 inally obtained from lapis-lazuli. 
 
 ultramontane (-mon'tan), adj. be- 
 ing beyond the mountains (the 
 Alps) ; pertaining to, or character- 
 istic of, ultramontanism. 
 
 ultramontanism (-izm), n. extreme 
 views of the Pope's authority and 
 infallibility. 
 
 ultramontanist (-ist), n. a sup- 
 porter of ultramontanism. 
 
 ululation (ul-u-la'shun), n. a howl- 
 ing like a dog. 
 
 umbel (um'bel), n. a fan-like inflo- 
 rescence radiating from a common 
 center. 
 
 umbelliferous (-if'er-us), adj. pro- 
 ducing or bearing umbels. Umbel- 
 late, umbellated. 
 
 umber ('ber), n. a brown pigment; 
 the grayling : adj. of an olive-brown 
 color. 
 
 umbilical (-bil'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or formed like, the navel. 
 
 umbles ('biz), n.pl. a deer's entrails. 
 
 umbo ('bo), n. the boss of a shield; 
 point of a bivalve-shell immediately 
 above the hinge. 
 
 umbra ('bra), n. the dark cone of 
 shadow projected from a planet or 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
umb 
 
 nnd 
 
 satellite on the side opposite to the 
 sun ; the dark central part of a sun- 
 spot. 
 
 umbrage ('braj), n. screen of trees 
 or foliage ; offense. 
 
 umbrageous (-bra'jus), adj. shady. 
 
 umbrella (-brel'a), n. a covered slid- 
 ing frame carried in the hand as a 
 screen against the rain or sun. 
 
 umlaut (oom'lout), n. the change of 
 a vowel in one syllable through the 
 influence of a vowel in the succeed- 
 ing syllable. 
 
 umpire (um'pir), n. a third party to 
 whom a dispute is referred for set- 
 tlement; one chosen in a game to 
 see that its rules are observed : v.i. 
 to act as umpire. 
 
 unanimity (u-na-nim'i-ti), n. agree- 
 ment in opinion. 
 
 unanimous (-nan'i-mus), adj. agree- 
 ing in opinion. 
 
 unarm (un-arm'), v.t. to disarm. 
 
 unau (u'naw), n. the two-toed sloth. 
 
 unbelief (un'be-lef), n. skepticism. 
 
 unbend (-bend'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. un- 
 bent, p.pr. unbending], to free from 
 flexure ; relax ; unfasten from the 
 yards and spars : v.i. to become re- 
 laxed; act with freedom or conde- 
 scension. 
 
 uncanny (-kan'i), adj. weird; mys- 
 terious ; dangerous ; unpropitious 
 [Scotch]. 
 
 unchancy (-chan'si), adj. unlucky; 
 perilous. 
 
 uncle (ung'kl), n. the brother of one's 
 father or mother ; husband of one's 
 aunt ; pawnbroker. 
 
 unconscionable ( un-kon'shun-a-bl ) , 
 adj. out of all reason or expectation. 
 
 unction (ungk'shun), n. the act of 
 anointing as a symbol of consecra- 
 tion ; ointment ; anything soothing ; 
 sham fervor or suavity. 
 
 unctuous ('shus), adj. oily; sooth- 
 ing ; lenitive ; extremely bland. 
 
 uncle cagon (un-dek'a-gon), n. a plane 
 figure with 11 sides or 11 angles. 
 
 undecennary (-de-sen'a-ri), adj. elev- 
 enth ; once in 11 years. Undecen- 
 nial. 
 
 under (Mer), prep, beneath; subordi- 
 nate to ; in subjection to ; less than ; 
 during the time of. 
 
 undergo (-go'), v.t. to pass through 
 or experience ; suffer. 
 
 undergraduate (-grad'u-at), n. a 
 member of a university who has not 
 taken his first degree. 
 
 underhand (-hand'), adj. done by 
 meanness or fraud ; clandestine. 
 
 underlay (un'der-hi), n. a layer of 
 paper to raise the matter to be 
 printed to a proper level. 
 
 understand (-der-stand'), v.t. to per- 
 ceive by the mind ; be informed of ; 
 assume or imply ; know by experi- 
 ence : v.i. to have understanding ; be 
 informed. 
 
 understanding ('ing), n. the ra- 
 tional faculties; intellect; intelli- 
 gence ; wisdom ; skill. 
 
 undertake (-tak'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 undertook, p.pr. undertaking], to 
 take under one's management ; as- 
 sume ; attempt ; answer for : v.i. to 
 take upon one's self; guarantee. 
 
 undertaker ( 'der-tak-er ) , n. one who 
 undertakes to perform any office or 
 business ; one who manages funerals. 
 
 undertaking ('ing), n. any business 
 or project a person engages to per- 
 form. 
 
 underwrite (-rif ), v.t. [p.t. under- 
 wrote, p.p. underwritten, p.pr. un- 
 derwriting], to subscribe one's name 
 to (a policy of marine insurance) : 
 v.i. to follow the calling of an un- 
 derwriter. 
 
 underwriter ('der-rlt-er) , n. one who 
 subscribes his name to a policy of 
 marine insurance. 
 
 underwriting (-ing), n. the calling 
 of an underwriter ; marine insur- 
 ance. 
 
 undine (un-den'), n. a water-nymph. 
 
 undue (un-du'), adj. improper; ex- 
 cessive ; not legal. 
 
 undulate ('dti-lat), v.t. & v.i. to 
 wave, or move like waves ; vibrate. 
 
 undulation (-la'shun), n. a waving 
 motion or vibration. 
 
 undulatory ('du-la-to-ri), adj. undu- 
 lating ; vibratory. 
 
 undulatory theory (the'o-ri), n. the 
 theory that light is caused by vibra- 
 tions transmitted through an ethe- 
 real medium in wave-like undula- 
 tions. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
und 
 
 nni 
 
 unduly ('li), adv. excessively; im- 
 properly. 
 
 unearned increment (-ernd' incre- 
 ment), n. the increase of the value 
 of land or property without labor or 
 expenditure on the part of the pro- 
 prietor. 
 
 unequal (-e'kwal), adj. not equal; 
 not regular or uniform ; ill-matched ; 
 disproportionate ; insufficient. 
 
 ungual (ung'gwal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or having, a nail, claw, or hoof. 
 
 unguent ('gwent), n. an ointment; 
 lubricating substance. 
 
 ungulate ('gu-lat), adj. hoof-shaped. 
 
 uni, a prefix, meaning one, or produc- 
 ing one, as unicellular : adj. formed 
 of one cell. 
 
 unicorn (u'ni-korn), n. a fabled ani- 
 mal resembling a horse, but with a 
 straight horn projecting from the 
 forehead. 
 
 uniform ('ni-f6rm), adj. having only 
 one form; consistent with itself; 
 same in form, manner, or character ; 
 equable : n. an official or regulation 
 dress. 
 
 uniformity ('i-ti), n. resemblance; 
 conformity to one pattern ; accord. 
 
 unify ('ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. uni- 
 fied, p.pr. unifying], to form into 
 one ; make a unit of. 
 
 unilateral (-lat'er-al) , adj. one-sided. 
 
 unilocular (-lok'u-ler) , adj. one- 
 celled. 
 
 union (un'yun), n. the act of uniting, 
 or making one ; combination ; coali- 
 tion ; concord ; conjunction ; agree- 
 ment between parts ; harmony in 
 color ; trades-union. 
 
 unionism (-izm), n. trades-unionism. 
 
 unionist (-ist), n. a trades-unionist. 
 
 union-jack (-jak), n. the national 
 flag of Great Britain and Ireland. 
 
 uniped (u'ni-ped), adj. one-footed. 
 
 unique (-nek'h adj. without another 
 of the same kind ; unparalleled. 
 
 unison ('ni-sun), n. accordance of 
 sound ; concord ; harmony. 
 
 unit ('nit), n. one; a single person or 
 thing ; standard amount or quantity. 
 
 Unitarian (-ni-ta'ri-an), n. one who 
 denies the doctrine of the Holy Trin- 
 ity, regarding the Godhead as uni- 
 personal : adj. pertaining to Uni- 
 tarians. 
 
 Unitarianism (-izm), n. the doc- 
 trines of the Unitarians. 
 
 unite (-nit'), v.t. to incorporate into 
 one; make to agree or adhere; join 
 by a legal or moral bond : v.i. to be- 
 come one ; combine ; commingle. 
 
 United Brethren ('ed-bre^'ren), 
 n.pl. the Moravians. 
 
 unity ('ni-ti), n. the state of being 
 one; concord; uniformity; agree- 
 ment; harmony. 
 
 universal (-ni-ver'sal), adj. all-per- 
 vading; embracing or comprehend- 
 ing the whole ; general : n. in logic, 
 a proposition which affirms the pred- 
 icate to belong to the whole of the 
 subject. 
 
 Universalism (-izm), n. the doctrine 
 that all mankind will ultimately be 
 saved, together with Satan and the 
 fallen angels. 
 
 Universalist (-ist), ». a believer in 
 Universalism. 
 
 universality (-sari-ti), n. the state 
 or quality of being universal. 
 
 universally ('sal-i), adv. without ex- 
 ception. 
 
 universe ( r ni-vers), n. the whole sys- 
 tem of created things ; world. 
 
 university (-ver'si-ti), n. [pi. uni- 
 versities (-tiz)], an assemblage of 
 colleges or incorporated institutions 
 for instruction in the higher branches 
 of art, science, &c, and empowered 
 to confer degrees in the several arts 
 and faculties. 
 
 unkempt (un-kempt'), adj. un- 
 combed ; rough. 
 
 unless (-les'), conj. except; if not. 
 
 unman (-man'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. un- 
 manned, p.pr. unmanning], to de- 
 prive of courage or fortitude; emas- 
 culate. 
 
 unnerve (-nerv'), v.t. to deprive of 
 strength or power ; weaken. 
 
 unplaced (-plast'), adj. not placed; 
 not holding a governmental office; 
 not among the first three at the end 
 of a race. 
 
 unruliness (-ru'li-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being unruly. 
 
 unruly (-rii'li), adj. disregarding re- 
 straint or authority ; ungovernable ; 
 turbulent. 
 
 unsex (-seks'), v.t. to deprive of the 
 characteristic qualities of a woman. 
 
 ate, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Wi-en. 
 
unt 
 
 nrm 
 
 unto ('too), prep. to. 
 
 untruth (-trooth'), n. a falsehood. 
 
 up (up), adv. on high; above the 
 horizon ; from a lower to a higher 
 position. 
 
 upas (u'pas), n. a tree, common in 
 Java, with a poisonous juice. 
 
 upbraid (up-brad'), v.t. to reproach. 
 
 upcast ('kast), adj. directed up- 
 wards : n. the ventilating shaft of a 
 mine through which the air passes 
 after circulating below. 
 
 upheaval (-hev'al), n. a lifting from 
 below ; a lifting of strata by some 
 internal force. 
 
 upheave (-heV), v.t. to lift up from 
 beneath. 
 
 upholster (-hol'ster), v.t. to supply 
 with house-furnishings. 
 
 upholsterer (-er), n. one who sup- 
 " plies uuholstery. 
 
 upholstery ('ter-i), n. the business 
 of an upholsterer ; articles of house- 
 furnishing. 
 
 upland-cotton, ('land-kot-un), n. 
 cotton with a short fiber. 
 
 upon (-on'), prep, on; resting on the 
 top or surface ; relating to ; noting 
 assumption, security, or time. 
 
 upper ('er), adj. higher in place, 
 rank, or dignity. 
 
 uppish ('ish), adj. arrogant; assum- 
 ing. 
 
 upright ('rit), adj. erect; just; hon- 
 est ; equitable ; elevation of a build- 
 ing * timber supporting a rafter. 
 
 uproar ('ror), n. noisy disturbance; 
 bustle and clamor. 
 
 uproarious ( 'i-us ) , adj. making great 
 noise and tumult. 
 
 upset (-set'), v.t. to overthrow; put 
 out of normal condition : n. (up'set) 
 the act of upsetting; state of being 
 upset : adj. fixed. 
 
 upshot ('shot), n. final result. 
 
 upstart ('start), n. one who suddenly 
 rises from a humble position to 
 wealth or influence : adj. suddenly 
 raised to a position of wealth and 
 influence. 
 
 uptown ('toun), adj. situated in, or 
 living in, the upper part of a town. 
 
 upturn (-tern'), v.t. & v.i. to turn up. 
 
 upwards ('werdz), adv. towards a 
 higher place or source. Also up- 
 ward. 
 
 uraemia, same as uremia. 
 
 ursemic, same as uremic. 
 
 uranin (u'ra-nin), n. a brownish-red 
 dye. 
 
 uranium (-ra'ni-um), n. a metallic 
 element. 
 
 urauography (-ra-nog'ra-fi), n. a 
 description of the heavens, and the 
 character and relation of the fixed 
 stars; the construction of celestial 
 maps, globes, &c. 
 
 urao (oo-ra'o), n. a name for natron 
 found in South America. 
 
 urate ('rat), n. a salt of uric acid. 
 
 urban (er'ban), adj. pertaining to a 
 city or town. 
 
 urbane (-ban'), adj. polite; refined. 
 
 urbanity (-ban'i-ti), n. politeness; 
 refinement. 
 
 urceolate (er'se-6-lat), adj. urn- 
 shaped. 
 
 urchin ('chin), n. a small boy; hedge- 
 hog. 
 
 urea (u're-a), w. the chief solid con- 
 stituent of the urine of mammals. 
 
 uremia (u-re'mi-a), n. poisoning of 
 the blood by the presence of urea 
 and other hurtful substances. 
 
 uremie (-re'mik), adj. pertaining to 
 uremia. 
 
 urge (erj), v.t. to incite; impel ; pro- 
 voke : v.i. act with earnestness ; in- 
 sist upon ; allege proofs. 
 
 urgency ('en-si), n. pressure of ne- 
 cessity ; importunity. 
 
 urgent ('ent), adj. pressing; calling 
 for immediate attention. 
 
 uric acid (as'id), n. a peculiar and 
 characteristic substance found in 
 urine. 
 
 urim ('rim), n.pl. a mystic ornament 
 worn by the Jewish high priest, con- 
 stituting, with the thummim, the 
 oracle by which Jehovah declared 
 his will. 
 
 urinal ( 'ri-nal ) , n. a place of conven- 
 ience. 
 
 urinary ('ri-na-ri), adj. pertaining 
 to, or like, urine. 
 
 urine Crin), n. the excretion from 
 the kidneys. 
 
 urinoscopy (u'ri-no-sko-pi), n. the 
 diagnosis of disease by examination 
 of the patient's urine. 
 
 urn (era), w. a roundish vessel of va- 
 rious materials bulging in the mid- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
 D 54. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
die, usually with a foot or pedestal ; 
 a vessel in which the ashes of the 
 dead are preserved. 
 
 ursiform ( er'si-f orm ) , adj. bear-like. 
 
 ursine ('sin), adj. pertaining to, or 
 resembling, a bear. 
 
 urubu (oo'roo-boo), n. the black vul- 
 ture of Central America. 
 
 us (us), pron. objective of we. 
 
 usable (uz'a-bl), adj. that can be 
 used. 
 
 usage ('aj), n. mode of using; treat- 
 ment ; habitual or long continued 
 use or custom. 
 
 usance ('ans), n. the time fixed for 
 the payment of a bill of exchange. 
 
 use (us), n. the act of using; applica- 
 tion of anything to a particular pur- 
 pose ; employment ; custom or prac- 
 tice; treatment: v.t. (uz) to make 
 use of ; employ ; avail one's self of ; 
 possess or enjoy for a time; habitu- 
 ate : v.i. to be accustomed. 
 
 useful ('fool), adj. full of use, profit, 
 or advantage; beneficial. 
 
 usefully (-i), adv. in a useful man- 
 ner. 
 
 useless ('les), adj. having, or being 
 of, no use. 
 
 usher (ush'er), n. a doorkeeper; an 
 officer who introduces strangers or 
 walks before persons of rank ; as- 
 sistant master : v.t. to introduce or 
 escort (with in or forth). 
 
 usual (u'zhu-al), adj. habitual; cus- 
 tomary. 
 
 usually (-i), adv. ordinarily. 
 
 usufruct ('zu-frukt), n. the tempo- 
 rary use and enjoyment of lands and 
 tenements belonging to another. 
 
 usurer ('zhiir-er), n. one who lends 
 money at an exorbitant rate of in- 
 terest. 
 
 usurious (-zhoo'ri-us), adj. practic- 
 ing usury. 
 
 usurp (-zerp'), v.t. to take possession 
 
 * of by force, or without right: ap- 
 plied to seizure and use of office, 
 functions, powers, rights, &c. 
 
 usurpation (-zer-pa'shun), n. the act 
 of usurping, especially the unlawful 
 seizure of regal power. 
 
 usurper (-zerp'er) , n. one who usurps. 
 
 usury ('zhu-ri), n. interest on money 
 
 beyond the current rate of interest ; 
 practice of lending money at exorbi- 
 tant ^ interest. 
 
 utensil (-ten'sil), n. an implement, 
 especially one used for domestic or 
 culinary purposes. 
 
 uterine ('ter-in), adj. pertaining to 
 the womb ; born of the same mother, 
 but by a different father. 
 
 uterus ('ter-us), n. the womb. 
 
 utilitarian (-til-i-ta/ri-an), adj. per- 
 taining to, or aiming at, utility : n. 
 one who holds the doctrine of utili- 
 tarianism. 
 
 utilitarianism (-izm), n. the doc- 
 trine that virtue is defined and en- 
 forced by its tendency to promote 
 the highest happiness of mankind. 
 
 utility (-til'i-ti), n. usefulness; in- 
 trinsic value. 
 
 utilize ('til-iz), v.t. to make useful or 
 profitable. 
 
 utmost (ut'most), adj. in the great- 
 est degree ; most distant ; furthest ; 
 extreme : n. the extreme limit or ex- 
 tent. 
 
 Utopian (u-to'pi-an), n. pertaining 
 the imaginary island, described by 
 Sir Thos. More in his "Utopia," 
 where the most perfect system of 
 laws and institutions existed : hence 
 ideal ; visionary. 
 
 Utopianism (-izm), n. ideal schemes 
 for social happiness or perfection. 
 
 utter (ut'er), adj. entire; absolute; 
 unqualified ; total : v.t. to speak ; 
 pronounce ; publish abroad ; circu- 
 late, especially counterfeit coins or 
 notes. 
 
 utterance (-ans), n. vocal expres- 
 sion ; speech ; style of speaking. 
 
 uttermost ('er-most), adj. extreme; 
 in the furthest, greatest, or highest 
 degree : n, the furthest extent or de- 
 gree. 
 
 uvea (u/ve-a), n. the posterior, dark- 
 colored layer of the iris. 
 
 uvula ('vu-la), n. the fleshy, conical 
 body, attached to the soft palate, 
 hanging at the back part of the 
 tongue. 
 
 uvular ('vu-lar), adj. pertaining to 
 the uvula. 
 
 uxorious (uk-so'ri-us), adj. foolishly 
 or excessively fond of a wife. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
vacancy (va'Mn-si), n. [pi. vacan- 
 cies (-siz) ], state of being vacant or 
 empty ; listlessness ; unoccupied of- 
 fice ; open or unoccupied space. 
 
 vacant ( 'kant ) , adj. empty ; free from 
 thought or reflection ; not occupied. 
 
 vacate ('kat), v.t. to make vacant; 
 annul ; give up the possession of. 
 
 vacation (-ka'shun), it. the act of 
 vacating ; intermission of a stated 
 employment, or judicial proceed- 
 ings ; school holidays. 
 
 vaccinal (vak'si-nal), adj. pertaining 
 to vaccine or vaccination. 
 
 vaccinate ('si-nat), v.t. to inoculate 
 with vaccine matter as a protection 
 against smallpox. 
 
 vaccination (-na'shun), n. act of 
 vaccinating. 
 
 vaccinator ('si-na-ter), n. one who 
 vaccinates. 
 
 vaccine ('sin), adj. pertaining to, or 
 obtained from cows ; caused by the 
 cowpox : n. a liquid taken from the 
 udder of a cow affected with cow- 
 pox. 
 
 vacillate (vas'il-at), v.t. to fluctuate 
 in mind or opinion ; be unsteady ; 
 waver. 
 
 vacillation (-a'shun), n. fluctuation 
 of mind ; unsteadiness. 
 
 vacnity (va-ku'i-ti), n. emptiness; 
 vacant state of mind or expression. 
 
 vacuole (vak'u-ol), n. a small cell or 
 cavity in the interior of organic cells 
 or protoplasm. 
 
 vacuous ('us), adj. empty; vacant. 
 
 vacuum ('u-um), n. a space devoid 
 of all matter ; void. 
 
 vade mecuin (va'de me'kum), n. a 
 manual for ready reference. 
 
 vagabond (vag'a-bond), adj. without 
 
 fixed habitation; roaming; idle: n. 
 a vagrant ; scamp. 
 
 vagary (va-ga/ri), n. [pi. vagaries! 
 ('riz)], a wild freak; whim. 
 
 vagina (-ji'na), n. the canal which 
 leads from the external orifice to the 
 uterus ; sheath. 
 
 vaginal (vaj'i-nal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or like, a vagina or sheath. 
 
 vaginate ('i-nat), adj. invested with 
 a sheath. 
 
 vagrancy (va'gran-si), w. a state , of 
 wandering without a settled home ; 
 habits and life of a vagrant. 
 
 vagrant ('grant), adj. wandering 
 from place to place without a settled 
 home : n. a tramp. 
 
 vague (vag), adj. indefinite; unset- 
 tled. 
 
 vaguely ('li), adv. in a vague man- 
 ner. 
 
 vagueness ('nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being vague. 
 
 vails (valz), n.pl. gratuities given to 
 servants. 
 
 vain (van), adj. [comp. vainer, su~ 
 perl, vainest], empty; unreal; de- 
 ceitful ; producing no good results ; 
 conceited ; ostentatious. 
 
 vainglorious (-glo'ri-us), adj. elated 
 by one's achievements ; boastful. 
 
 valance (vai'ans), n. hanging dra- 
 pery for a bed, window, &c. 
 
 vale (val), n. a tract of low land be- 
 tween hills ; valley. 
 
 Valenciennes (va-long-si-enz'), n. a 
 farewell. 
 
 valedictory (-dik'to-ri), adj. bidding 
 farewell. 
 
 valence (va'lens), n. the degree of 
 combining power of an atom. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
val 
 
 Valenciennes (va-len-si-enz'), n. a 
 rich kind of lace. 
 
 valentia (-len'shi-a), n. a waistcoat 
 material. Also Valencia. 
 
 valentine (val'en-tln), n. a sweet- 
 heart chosen on St. Valentine's day ; 
 love missive sent on February 14th. 
 
 valerian (va-le'ri-an), n. a plant of 
 the genus Valeriana, with a valua- 
 ble medicinal root. 
 
 valet (val'a), n. a servant who at- 
 tends on a gentleman's person : v.t. 
 to act as valet to. 
 
 valetudinarian ( -e-tu-di-na'ri-an ) , 
 adj. sickly ; seeking to recover 
 health : n. an invalid. 
 
 Valhalla (-hal'a), n. in Scandina- 
 vian mythology, the palace of immor- 
 tality, in which the souls of heroes 
 slain in battle dwell. 
 
 valiant ( 'yant ) , adj. brave ; heroic. 
 
 valid ('id), adj. having legal force; 
 not weak or defective; sound; well- 
 grounded. 
 
 validity (va-lid'i-ti), n. legal force; 
 soundness; strength; justness. 
 
 valise (va-les'), n. small portman- 
 teau. 
 
 vallation (-la/shun), n. a rampart. 
 
 valley (val'i), n. [pi. valleys ('iz)],a 
 tract of land situated between ranges 
 of hills or mountains, usually trav- 
 ersed by a river. 
 
 vallisneria (-is-ne'ri-a), n. a fresh- 
 water plant. _ 
 
 valonia (va-lo'ni-a), n. a trade name 
 for the large acorn-cups of two 
 kinds of oak. 
 
 valor (val'er), n. bravery; intrepid- 
 ity. 
 
 valorous ('er-us), adj. brave; in- 
 trepid. 
 
 valuable ('u-a-bl), adj. possessing 
 useful qualities; having value or 
 worth ; costly : n. a thing or posses- 
 sion of value. 
 
 valuation (-u-a'shun), n. the act of 
 valuing; estimated worth or price; 
 estimation. 
 
 value ('ti), n. that which renders 
 anything useful or estimable; price; 
 importance ; excellence : v.t. to esti- 
 mate the worth of; appraise; es- 
 teem. 
 
 valued ('ud), adj. highly esteemed or 
 prized. 
 
 vap 
 
 valve (valv), n. a lid or cover open- 
 ing in one direction and shutting in 
 another; one of the divisions of a 
 shell. 
 
 vamose (va-mos'), v.i. to decamp. 
 
 vamp (vamp), n. the upper leather of 
 a boot or shoe; a piece added to 
 something old to give it a new ap- 
 pearance ; an improvised accompani- 
 ment : v.t. to furnish with an upper 
 leather ; patch ( with up ) ; impro- 
 vise an accompaniment to. 
 
 vampire (vam'pir), n. a fabled de- 
 mon or ghost that sucks the blood of 
 persons asleep ; a kind of bat. 
 
 van (van), n. the front of an army or 
 fleet; a large covered wagon for 
 moving household goods, &c. 
 
 vanadium (va-na'di-um), n. a rare 
 metallic element. 
 
 Vandal (van'dal), n. one of a Teu- 
 tonic race inhabiting the south 
 shores of the Baltic, noted for their 
 fierceness and destruction of works 
 of art, when plundering Rome, 5th 
 century. 
 
 vandal (van'dal), n. one who is hos- 
 tile to art or literature; one who 
 ruthlessly destroys what is artistic 
 or venerable. 
 
 vandalism (-izm), n. hostility to 
 works of art or literature ; wanton 
 destruction of what is artistic, &c. 
 
 vane (van), n. a weather-cock. 
 
 vang (vang), n. a rope for steadying 
 the extremity of the peak of a gaff 
 to the side of a ship. 
 
 vanessa (va-nes'sa), n. one of a spe- 
 cies of handsome butterflies. 
 
 vanguard (van'gard), n. the advance 
 guard of an army. 
 
 vanilla (va-nil'a), n. the dried fruit 
 of an orchid, used for flavoring. 
 
 vanish (van'ish), v.i. to disappear. 
 
 vanity ('i-ti), n. [pi. vanities (-tiz)], 
 love of indiscriminate admiration ; 
 empty pride or conceit ; fruitless de- 
 sire or endeavor ; idle show ; empti- 
 ness. * 
 
 vanning ('ing), n. a method of 
 cleansing ore. 
 
 vanquish (vang'kwish), v.t. to con- 
 quer ; subdue ; refute in argument. 
 
 vantage ( 'taj ) , n. advantage ; in lawn 
 tennis, the first point after deuce. 
 
 vapid (vap'id), adj. dull; insipid. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
v*P 
 
 vapidity (va-pid'i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being vapid. 
 
 vapor (va'per), n. the gas into which 
 most liquids and solids are converted 
 by heat ; steam ; mist ; whim : pi. 
 hysteria ; melancholia : v.i. to pass 
 off in vapor ; bully. 
 
 vaporize (va'per-iz), v.t. to convert 
 into vapor. 
 
 vaporous ('per-us), adj. full of, or 
 like, vapor ; unreal. 
 
 vapory (-i), adj. full of vapors. 
 
 vaquero (va-ka'ro), n. a herdsman 
 [Mexican]. 
 
 variability (va-ri-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
 state or quality of being variable ; 
 changeableness. Also variableness. 
 
 variable ( 'ri-a-bl ) , adj. changeable ; 
 inconstant ; fickle. 
 
 variably (-bli), adv. in a variable 
 manner. 
 
 variance ( r ri-ans), n. difference; 
 quarrel. 
 
 variant ('ri-ant), adj. variable; dif- 
 ferent : n. a different form of sub- 
 stantially the same thing. 
 
 variate ('ri-at), v.t. to diversify. 
 
 variation (-ri-a'shun), n. partial 
 change ; difference ; inflection ; devia- 
 tion of the magnetic needle from the 
 true north ; tendency in organisms 
 produced by the same parents to 
 vary slightly. 
 
 varicella (var-i-sel'a), n. chicken- 
 pox. 
 
 varicocele ('i-ko-sel), n. a swelling 
 of the veins of the scrotum or of the 
 spermatic cord. 
 
 varicose ('i-kos), adj. abnormally 
 swollen or enlarged : said of veins. 
 
 varied (va'rid), adj. altered; partial- 
 ly changed ; various. 
 
 variegate (va'ri-e-gat), v.t. to mark 
 with different colors or tints ; di- 
 versify. 
 
 variegation (-ga'shun), n. diversity 
 of colors. 
 
 variety (-ri'e-ti), n. [pi. varieties 
 (-tiz)], intermixture or succession 
 of different things ; variation ; di- 
 versity ; change ; subdivision or pe- 
 culiar form of a species. 
 
 variola (va-ri'o-la), n. smallpox. 
 
 variorum (va-ri-o'rum), adj. noting 
 an edition of a book with the notes 
 of various commentators. 
 
 various ('ri-us), adj. different; sev- 
 eral. 
 
 varix ('riks), n. dilatation of a vein. 
 
 varlet (var'let), n. formerly a serv- 
 ant, footman, or page ; a scoundrel. 
 
 varnish ('nish), n. a viscid, resinous 
 liquid used for giving a gloss to 
 wood or metal work : v.t. to cover 
 with varnish ; give a gloss to or 
 over ; palliate. 
 
 varus (va'rus), n. a variety of club- 
 foot. 
 
 vary (va'ri), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. varied, 
 p.pr. varying], to change; make of 
 different kinds ; alter : v.i. to under- 
 go a change ; alternate ; swerve ; dis- 
 agree. 
 
 vascular (vas'kii-ler), adj. consisting 
 of, or containing, vessels as part of a 
 structure of animal and vegetable 
 organisms. 
 
 vase (vas or vaz), n. a vessel for va- 
 rious purposes, especially one of an- 
 tique or ornamental pattern. 
 
 vaseline (vas'e-lin), n. petroleum 
 jelly. 
 
 vassal ('al), n. a feudal tenant; 
 bondman : adj. servile. 
 
 vassalage (-aj), n. the state of being 
 a vassal ; political servitude ; vassals 
 collectively ; territory held in vassal- 
 age. Also vassalry. 
 
 vast (vast), adj. of great extent; 
 great in number or degree ; very spa- 
 cious ; immense : n. boundless space ; 
 empty waste; sea. 
 
 vat (vat), n. a large tub or vessel, es- 
 pecially one used for brewing or 
 leather making. 
 
 Vatican ('i-kan), n. the palace ot 
 the Pope at Rome; the papal au- 
 thority. 
 
 Vaticanism (-izm), n. ultramontan- 
 ism. 
 
 vaudeville (vod'vil), n. a light, gay, 
 or topical song ; a short drama with 
 comic songs. 
 
 vault (vawlt), n. an arched roof; cel- 
 lar ; prison ; cavern ; tomb of ma- 
 sonry ; sky ; leap : v.t. to shape as a 
 vault ; arch : v.i. to leap, spring, or 
 bound ; exhibit feats of leaping. 
 
 vaulted ('ed), adj. arched; concave. 
 
 vaunt (vant or vawnt), v.i. to boast: 
 v.t. to brag of ; display boastfully : 
 n. a boast ; vain display. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
van 
 
 ven 
 
 vaunting ('ing), n. vainglorious 
 boasting. 
 
 vauntlay ('la), n. hounds suddenly 
 turned off to precede the rest of the 
 kennel. 
 
 Veadar (ve'a-dar), n. the 13th or in- 
 tercalary month of the Jewish cal- 
 endar. 
 
 veal (vel), n. calf's flesh. 
 
 vector (vek'ter), n. a directive quan- 
 tity, as a straight line, force, or 
 velocity. 
 
 Veda (va'da), n. [pi. vedas ('daz)l, 
 one of the four oldest sacred books 
 or collection of hymns of the Hin- 
 dus, of great antiquity, the basis of 
 Brahmanism. 
 
 Vedanta (-dan'ta), n. a Hindu sys- 
 tem of philosophy based on the Ve- 
 das. 
 
 vedette (ve-def), n. a mounted senti- 
 nel. Also vidette. 
 
 veer (ver), v.i. to change direction, as 
 the wind ; wear : v.t. to turn ; direct 
 to a different course. 
 
 vegetable (vej'e-ta-bl), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, having the nature of, pro- 
 duced by, or consisting of, plants : 
 n. a plant deriving its nourishment 
 from the earth by means of roots ; 
 a plant or root cultivated for the 
 table, &c. 
 
 vegetarian (-ta'ri-an), n. one who 
 abstains from a meat diet and lives 
 on fruit, vegetables, or farinaceous 
 food : adj. pertaining to vegetarians 
 or vegetarianism. 
 
 vegetarianism (-izm), n. the theory 
 and practice of living as a vegeta- 
 rian. 
 
 vegetate ('e-tat), v.i. to grow as a 
 plant ; live a useless, indolent life. 
 
 vegetation (-ta'shun), n. plants or 
 vegetables collectively. 
 
 vegetative ('e-ta-tiv), adj. growing 
 or having the power of growing, as 
 plants. 
 
 vehemence (ve'he-mens), n. impetu- 
 osity ; violent ardor ; animated fer- 
 vor. Also vehemency. 
 
 vehement ('he-ment), adj. very vio- 
 lent or forcible ; passionate ; ardent ; 
 energetic. 
 
 vehicle (vS'hi-kl), n. any kind of 
 carriage or conveyance ; a medium. 
 
 vehicular (-hik'u-lar), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or serving as, a vehicle. 
 
 veil (val), n. a covering more or less 
 transparent for the face; curtain or 
 covering for concealment : v.t. to 
 cover with, or as with, a veil ; hide ; 
 conceal. 
 
 vein (van), n. one of the vessels 
 which convey blood from the arteries 
 to the heart ; branching rib of a 
 leaf ; seam of rock filled with me- 
 tallic or mineral matter; train of 
 thought ; particular disposition, 
 genius, or style : v.t. to fill or cover 
 with, or as with, veins. 
 
 veinous ('us), adj. full of or pro- 
 vided with veins. 
 
 velarium (ve-la'ri-um), n. the great 
 awning stretched over open theaters 
 in ancient Rome. Also velum. 
 
 veldt (velt), n. open country [South 
 Africa]. Also veld. 
 
 vellum (vel'um), n. fine parchment. 
 
 velocipede (ve-los'i-ped), n. a light 
 carriage propelled by the feet: the 
 original form of the bicycle. 
 
 velocity ('i-ti), n. [pi. velocities 
 (-tiz)], speed; rate of movement of 
 a body. 
 
 vel out e (ve-loo'ta), n. a rich white 
 sauce. 
 
 velutinous (-hi'ti-nus), adj. velvety; 
 soft. 
 
 velvet (vel'vet), n. a silk fabric with 
 short, close, soft nap ; fine down on 
 the horns of young deer. 
 
 velveteen (-en'), n. imitation velvet. 
 
 venal (ve'nal), adj. that may be 
 bought, or bribed ; mercenary ; of or 
 pertaining to the veins. 
 
 venality (-nal'i-ti), n. prostitution of 
 talents or services for money or re- 
 ward. 
 
 venation (ve-na'shun), n. the ar- 
 rangement of veins in a leaf, or in- 
 sect's wing. 
 
 vend (vend), v.t. to sell; offer for 
 sale. 
 
 vendace (ven'das), n. a small sal- 
 monoid fish. 
 
 vendee (-de'), n. the buyer. 
 
 vendetta (ven-det'a), n. a kind of 
 blood-feud. 
 
 vendible (ven'di-bl), adj. salable. 
 
 vendor ('der), n. the seller. Also 
 vender. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
veneer (ve-ner'), v.t. to overlay with 
 a thin slice of ornamental or more 
 valuable wood : hence give a gloss 
 to : ». a thin strip of superior wood 
 for overlaying ; outside show ; pre- 
 tense. 
 
 venerable ( ven'er-a-bl ) , adj. worthy 
 of being venerated or reverenced ; 
 rendered sacred by religious or lofty 
 associations ; title of an archdeacon. 
 
 venerate ('er-at), v.t. to esteem as 
 sacred ; regard with the highest re- 
 spect ; revere. 
 
 veneration (-a'shun), n. the highest 
 degree of respect and reverence; re- 
 spect associated with awe. 
 
 venereal (ve-ne're-al), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or arising from, sexual inter- 
 ocurse; aphrodisiac. 
 
 venery (ven'er-i), n. sexual inter- 
 course; hunting. 
 
 venesection (ve-ne-sek'shun), n. the 
 operation of opening a vein ; phle- 
 botomy. 
 
 Venetian (-.ne'shan), adj. pertaining 
 to Venice or its inhabitants. 
 
 Venetian-blind (-blind), n. a win- 
 dow-blind formed of long thin slats 
 of wood. 
 
 venetian-door (-dor), n. a door with 
 long narrow side-lights. 
 
 vengeance (venj'ans), n. the inflic- 
 tion of pain on another for an in- 
 jury received. 
 
 vengeful ('fool), adj. vindictive; re- 
 tributive. 
 
 vengefully (-i), adv. in a vengeful 
 spirit. 
 
 venial (ve'ni-al), adj. pardonable. 
 
 venially (-i), adv. pardonably. 
 
 venison (ven'zn), n. deer's flesh. 
 
 venom ('um), n. poison introduced 
 into the system by a bite or sting; 
 spite. 
 
 venomous (-us), adj. full of venom; 
 poisonous ; malignant ; spiteful. 
 
 venous (ve'nus), adj. pertaining to, 
 contained in, or consisting of, veins. 
 
 vent (vent), n. a small opening for 
 the escape of air, &c. ; chimney-flue ; 
 outlet ; rectum ; utterance : v.t. to 
 give an opening to. 
 
 ventilate (ven'ti-lat), vJ. to open to 
 the free passage of air; expose to 
 free discussion. 
 
 ventilation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
 
 ventilating ; state # of being venti- 
 lated ; free discussion. 
 
 ventilator ('ti-la-ter), n. a contriv- 
 ance for regulating the free admis- 
 sion of air. 
 
 ventral (ven'tral), adj. pertaining to 
 the belly. 
 
 ventricle ('tri-kl), n. a small cavity 
 in an animal body. 
 
 ventriloquism (-tril'o-kwizm), n. 
 the act or art of speaking as from 
 another source than the voice. 
 
 ventriloquist (-kwist), n. one who 
 practices ventriloquism. 
 
 venture ('tur), in. an undertaking of 
 chance or danger ; risk ; speculation : 
 v.t. to risk ; send on a venture : v.t. 
 to dare. 
 
 venturesome (-tur'sum), adj. in- 
 trepid ; rash. Also venturous. 
 
 venturesomeness (-nes), n. intre- 
 pidity ; rashness. 
 
 venturine (vent'ur-in), n. a powder 
 made of fine gold wire: used for 
 japanning. 
 
 venue (ven'u), n. the place where an 
 action in law is laid. 
 
 veracious (ve-ra'shus), adj. truth- 
 ful ; true. 
 
 veracity (-ras'i-ti), n. truthfulness; 
 truth. 
 
 veranda (-ran'da), n. a kind of cov- 
 ered balcony or open portico sup- 
 ported by light pillars. Also veran- 
 dah. 
 
 verb (verb), n. that part of speech 
 which signifies to be, to do, or to 
 suffer. 
 
 verbal ( 'al ) , adj. expressed in words ; 
 oral ; literal : n. a noun derived from 
 a verb. 
 
 verbalism (-izm), ». something ex- 
 pressed verbally. 
 
 verbally (-i), adv. orally; verbatim. 
 
 verbatim (-ver-ba'tim), adv. word for 
 word. 
 
 Verbena (-be'na), n. a genus of orna- 
 mental fragrant plants. 
 
 verbiage ('bi-aj), n. verbosity. 
 
 verbose (-bos'), adj. wordy; prolix. 
 
 verbosely ('li), adv. with verbosity. 
 
 verbosity (-bos'i-ti), n. the use of 
 more words than are necessary. Also 
 verboseness. 
 
 verdancy ('dan-si), n. greenness; in- 
 experience. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ve* 
 
 ver 
 
 verdant ('dant), adj. green; fresh; 
 inexperienced ; gullible. 
 
 Terd-antique ( verd-an-tek' ) , n. a 
 green incrustation on ancient copper 
 and brass coins ; a beautiful mottled 
 marble. 
 
 Terderer (ver'der-er), n. an English 
 official who has charge of the royal 
 forests. 
 
 verdict (Mikt), n. the finding of a 
 jury on a trial ; judgment ; decision. 
 
 verdigris ( 'di-gres ) , n. the blue-green 
 substance which forms on copper or 
 brass : used as a pigment. 
 
 verditer ('di-ter), n. a blue or green 
 pigment. 
 
 verdure ('dur), n. freshness of vege- 
 tation. 
 
 verge (verj), n. a rod, mace, &c, car- 
 ried as an emblem of authority ; 
 shaft of a column ; spindle of a 
 watch-balance; border or limit: v.t. 
 to approach or come near. 
 
 verger ('er), n. a sword or mace 
 bearer; an official who has care of 
 the interior of an English cathedral. 
 
 verifiable (ver'i-fi-a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being verified. 
 
 verification (-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
 act of proving to be true ; confirma- 
 tion ; state of being verified. 
 
 verify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. verified, 
 p.pr. verifying], to prove to be true; 
 fulfil. 
 
 verily ('i-li), adv. in truth; certainly. 
 
 Verisimilitude (-i-si-mil'i-tud), n. 
 the appearance of truth; nrobabil- 
 ity. 
 
 veritable ('i-ta-bl), adj. true; gen- 
 uine. 
 
 verity ('i-ti), n. [pi. verities (-tiz)], 
 agreement with fact ; truth ; reality. 
 
 verjuice (ver'joos), n. an acid liquor 
 expressed from unripe grapes, ap- 
 ples, &c. : hence sourness ; tartness. 
 
 vermicelli (-mi-sel'i), n. the stiff 
 paste or dough of fine flour made 
 into tubes. 
 
 vermicular (-mik'u-lar), adj. worm- 
 like. Also vermiform. 
 
 vermifuge ('mi-fuj), n. a medicine 
 or substance to expel or destroy 
 worms from or in the body. Also 
 vermicide. 
 
 vermilion (-mil'yun), n. a brilliant 
 
 red pigment : v.t. to color or dye 
 with vermilion. 
 
 vermin ('min), n. noxious small ani- 
 mals or insects, as rats, fleas, &c. ; 
 low, despicable persons. 
 
 Vermuth ('mooth), n. a liqueur of ab- 
 sinthe, aromatic herbs, &c, for cre- 
 ating an appetite. 
 
 vernacular (-nak'u-ler), adj. per- 
 taining to, or characteristic of, one's 
 native country or language: n. na- 
 tive idiom. 
 
 vernal ('nal), adj. pertaining to, or 
 appearing in, the spring. 
 
 vernier ('ni-er), n. a graduated scale 
 that sub-divides the smallest divi- 
 sions on a straight or circular scale. 
 
 versatile ('sa-til), adj. turning with 
 ease from one thing, subject, or 
 opinion to another ; many-sided ; va- 
 riable. 
 
 versatility (-til'i-ti), w. quality of 
 being versatile. 
 
 verse (vers), n. a measured line of 
 poetry; stanza; poetry; short di- 
 vision of any composition, especially 
 of the chapters of the Bible ; part of 
 an anthem for performance by a 
 single voice to each part. 
 
 versed (verst), adj. skilled; convers- 
 ant. 
 
 ver side (ver'si-kl), n. a little verse; 
 short verse or text sung by priest 
 and people alternately. 
 
 versification (ver-si-fi-ka'shun), n. 
 the art or practice of composing 
 metrical verses. 
 
 versifier ('si-fi-er), n. a composer of 
 verses. 
 
 version ('shun), n. a translation 
 from one language into another ; 
 particular account or description. 
 
 verst (verst), n. the Russian mile = 
 3,500 English feet. 
 
 versus (ver'sus), prep, against (Lat- 
 in). 
 
 vertebra ('te-bra), n. [pi. vertebrae 
 (-bre)], a single bone of the spinal 
 column. 
 
 vertebral ('te-bra.1), adj. pertaining 
 to, or forming part of, the vertebrae. 
 
 Vertebrata (-bra'ta), n.pl. one of 
 the great divisions of the animal 
 kingdom, including those animals 
 which have a bony or cartilaginous 
 backbone. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
ver 
 
 rertebrate ('te-brat), adj. belonging 
 to the Vertebrata : n. one of the Ver- 
 tebrata. 
 
 Tertex ('teks), n. [pi. vertices ('ti- 
 sez ) ] , the top, summit, or crown ; 
 apex ; zenith ; point in any figure, 
 opposite to, and most distant from, 
 the base. 
 
 Tertical ('ti-kal), adj. pertaining to, 
 or situated at, the vertex ; directly 
 overhead ; perpendicular to the plane 
 of the horizon. 
 
 vertically (-i), adv. perpendicularly. 
 
 verticil ('ti-sil), ». a whorl. Also 
 verticel. 
 
 vertigo (_'ti-go), n. giddiness. 
 
 vertu ('too), n. artistic skill: hence 
 works of art, curios, &c. (Italian). 
 
 vervain ('van), n. a plant of the 
 genus Verbena: formerly supposed 
 to possess magical properties and 
 used in medicine. 
 
 verve (verv) , n. the enthusiasm which 
 animates a poet or artist ; spirit ; 
 energy. 
 
 very (ver'i), adj. [comp. verier, su- 
 perl. veriest], real; actual; true: 
 adv. extremely. 
 
 vesication (ves-i-ka'shun), n. the 
 process of raising blisters on the 
 skin. 
 
 vesicatory ('i-ka-to-ri), adj. raising 
 blisters. 
 
 vesicle ('i-kl), n. a bladder-like ves- 
 sel or cavity ; cyst ; sac. 
 
 vesicular (-ik'ii-ler), adj. consisting 
 of vesicles ; full of interstices. 
 
 Vesper ('per), n. the evening star; 
 Venus when appearing after sunset ; 
 evening. 
 
 vespers (ves'perz), n.pl. the 6th hour 
 of the Roman Breviary; evening 
 songs. 
 
 vessel ('el), n. a utensil for holding 
 something, especially liquids ; hollow 
 structure made to float on water ; 
 ship ; tube or canal in which the flu- 
 ids of a body are contained ; instru- 
 ment ; recipient. 
 
 vest (vest), n. waistcoat; body gar- 
 ment, usually with short sleeves : 
 v.t. to clothe with, or as with, a gar- 
 ment ; invest closely ; give fixed right 
 of possession. 
 
 vesta (ves'ta), n. a wax match. 
 
 vestal Ctal), adj. pertaining to, or 
 
 sacred to, the Roman goddess Vesta ; 
 chaste ; pure : n. a virgin ; nun. 
 
 vestal virgins (ver'jinz), n.pl. the 6 
 virgin priestesses who tended the sa- 
 cred fire on the altar of the temple 
 of Vesta, at Rome. 
 
 vested (ves'ted), adj. clothed; fixed. 
 
 vestibnle ('ti-bul), n. porch or en- 
 trance into a house ; small bony cav- 
 ity of the ear. 
 
 vestige ('tij), n. b. mark left in pass- 
 ing; track; remains of something 
 pre-existent. 
 
 vestment (vest'ment), n. a garment, 
 especially a priestly garment ; dress. 
 
 vestry (ves'tri), n. [pi. vestries 
 ('triz)], a room in a church where 
 ecclesiastical vestments, &c, are kept 
 and parochial meetings held ; meet- 
 ing of parishioners for parish busi- 
 ness. 
 
 vestryman (-man), n. [pi. vestry- 
 men (-men)], a member of a vestry 
 elected by the parishioners. 
 
 vesture ('tiir), n. clothing; covering. 
 
 vetch (vech), n. a common name for 
 leguminous plants used for green 
 fodder, as tares. 
 
 veteran (vet'er-an), adj. long exer- 
 cised or experienced, especially in 
 military life : n. one thus experienced. 
 
 veteranize (-Iz), v.i. to re-enlist. 
 
 veterinarian (vet-er-i-na'ri-an), n. 
 one who practices the art of healing 
 diseases and injuries of domestic ani- 
 mals. 
 
 veterinary ('er-i-na-ri), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the art of healing the diseases 
 of domestic animals, as horses, &c. 
 
 veto (ve'to), n. [pi. vetoes ('toz)], 
 the right of stopping or preventing 
 the enactment of a law ; authorita- 
 tive prohibition : v.t. to reject by 
 veto ; refuse assent to ; prohibit. 
 
 vex (veks), v.t. to irritate by small 
 annoyances or provocations ; harass ; 
 tease; agitate. 
 
 vexation (-a'shun), n. the act of vex- 
 ing; state of being vexed; annoy- 
 ance; worry. 
 
 vexatious ('shus), adj. causing vex- 
 ation; annoying; troublesome; har- 
 assing. 
 
 vexed (vekst), adj. much debated or 
 contested, but not settled. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, Men. 
 
vex 
 
 vie 
 
 vexing ('ing), p.adj. annoying; pro- 
 voking. 
 
 via (vi'a), adv. by way of [Latin]. 
 
 viaduct ( 'a-dukt ) , n. an arched struc- 
 ture for conveying a railway, road, 
 &c, over low ground. 
 
 vial ('al), n. a small glass bottle or 
 vessel : v.t. to put in a vial. Also 
 phial. 
 
 viands ('andz), n.pl. dressed meat; 
 food. 
 
 viaticum (-at'i-kum), n. the Euchar- 
 ist administered in the Roman Cath- 
 olic Church to a person in danger of 
 death. 
 
 vibrant ('brant), adj. vibrating; res- 
 onant. 
 
 vibrate ('brat), v.i. to move back- 
 wards and forwards ; oscillate ; 
 shake ; quiver ; swing ; waver : v.t. 
 ^to cause to quiver. 
 
 vibration (-bra/shun), n. the act of 
 vibrating ; oscillation ; resonance. 
 
 vibratory ( 'bra-to-ri ) , adj. consist- 
 ing in, or causing, vibrations. 
 
 vicar (vik'er), n. a deputy; incum- 
 bent of an appropriated benefice, 
 who receives the small tithes. 
 
 vicarage (-aj), n. the benefice, or 
 residence, of a vicar. 
 
 vicar-apostolic (ap-o-stol'ik), n. 
 in the Roman Catholic Church a 
 missionary bishop with powers di- 
 rect from the Pope. 
 
 vicar-general (-jen'er-al), n. the as- 
 sistant of a^ bishop, who assists him 
 in ecclesiastical suits and visitations. 
 
 vicarious (vi-ka'ri-us), adj. substi- 
 tuted, or performed, in the place of 
 another. 
 
 vice (vis), n. a fault, defect, or blem- 
 ish ; immoral practice or habit ; de- 
 pravity ; immorality ; a vise. 
 
 vice, prefix meaning in place of, sec- 
 ond in rank. 
 
 vicegerent (-je'rent), n. one deputed 
 by superior authority to exercise the 
 functions of another. 
 
 viceregal (-re'gal), adj. pertaining 
 to a viceroy. 
 
 viceroy ('roi), n. a governor of a 
 country ruling in the name and by 
 the authority of the sovereign. 
 
 viceroyalty ('al-ti), n. the office, dig- 
 nity, or jurisdiction of a viceroy. 
 
 Vichy water (ve'shi waw'ter), n. a 
 mineral effervescent water. 
 
 vicinage (vis'i-naj), n. a neighbor- 
 hood. 
 
 vicinity (-vis-in'i-ti), n. nearness in 
 # place ; proximity. 
 
 vicious (vish'us), adj. characterized 
 by vice or blemish ; faulty ; corrupt 
 in moral principles or conduct; un- 
 ruly; spiteful. 
 
 vicissitude (vi-sis'i-tud), n. change. 
 
 victim (vik'tim), n. a living being, 
 usually some animal, sacrificed to a 
 deity ; some person or thing de- 
 stroyed or injured in the pursuit of 
 some object, or by some accident ; 
 dupe. 
 
 victimize (-iz), v.t. to make a victim 
 of ; swindle. 
 
 victor ( 'ter ) , n. conqueror ; one who 
 wins or gains an advantage : Fem- 
 inine victoress. 
 
 victoria (-to'ri-a), n. a kind of car- 
 riage for two persons. 
 
 victorine (-to-ren') } n. a small fur 
 ^ tippet. 
 
 victorium (-to'ri-um), n. a recently 
 discovered element. 
 
 victorious (-to-ri-us), adj. having 
 conquered in battle or contest ; em- 
 blematic of victory ; triumphant. 
 
 victory ('to-ri), n. [pi. victories 
 (-riz)], the defeat of an enemy in 
 battle, or an antagonist in a contest. 
 
 victual (vit'l), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. vict- 
 ualed, p.pr. victualing], to supply 
 or store with provisions for food: 
 7i.pl. food ; meat. 
 
 victualer ( '1-er ) , n. one who provides 
 food ; the keeper of a house of enter- 
 tainment. 
 
 vicuna (vi-koon'ya), n. an animal of 
 Mexico and Chili, allied to the llama, 
 furnishing a fine, long, reddish wool. 
 
 vide (vi'de), v.t. see [Latin], 
 
 videlicet (vi-del'i-set), adv. to wit; 
 namely [Latin]. 
 
 vidette, same as vedette. 
 
 vie (vi), v.i. to strive for superiority; 
 rival ; endeavor. 
 
 Viennese (ve-en-ez'), adj. pertaining 
 to Vienna or to its inhabitants. 
 
 view (vu), v.t. to look upon; see; re- 
 gard attentively ; survey mentally ; 
 examine intellectually ; consider : n. 
 the act of seeing ; prospect ; survey ; 
 
 ate, firm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; b5on, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
vig 
 
 purpose; mental or intellectual per- 
 ception ; sketch or picture ; judg- 
 ment ; opinion. 
 
 vigil (vij'il), n. a watching; devotion 
 in the usual hours of sleeping ; eve 
 preceding a feast of the Church. 
 
 vigilance ('i-lans), n. watchfulness; 
 caution. 
 
 vigilant ('i-lant), adj. attentive to 
 discover and avoid danger ; alert ; 
 cautious. 
 
 vignette (vin-yef), n. a small en- 
 graving not enclosed by a definite 
 border; a portrait of the head and 
 ^bust only. 
 
 vigor ('er), n. physical or mental 
 strength and energy ; force. 
 
 vigorous ('er-us), adj. full of physi- 
 cal or mental strength and energy ; 
 robust; forcible. 
 
 vihara (vi-ha'ra), n. a Buddhist tem- 
 ple or monastery. 
 
 viking (vi'king), n. one of the old 
 Scandinavian pirates, who (8th to 
 10th centuries) ravaged the coasts 
 of Europe. 
 
 vile (vll), adj. worthless; despicable; 
 morally base or impure ; wicked. 
 
 vilely ('li), adv. in a vile manner. 
 
 vileness ('nes), n. baseness. 
 
 vilifier (vil'i-fi-er), n. a defamer. 
 
 vilify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. vilified, 
 p.pr. vilifying], to defame; debase 
 by slander. 
 
 villa ('a), n. a country seat; subur- 
 ban residence. 
 
 village ('aj), n. a small assemblage 
 of houses, less than a town but larg- 
 er than a hamlet. 
 
 villager (-er), n. an inhabitant of a 
 village. 
 
 villain ('in or 'an), n. originally a 
 serf or feudal tenant of the lowest 
 class; scoundrel. 
 
 villainous (-us), adj. characterized 
 by extreme depravity ; vile ; mean. 
 
 villainy (-i), n. extreme depravity; 
 atrocious wickedness. 
 
 villanage (-aj), n. the state or con- 
 dition of a serf. Also villeinage. 
 
 villein, same as villain. 
 
 villi ('I), n.pl. long, straight, soft 
 hairs on plants ; velvet-like hairs set 
 closely together. 
 
 villous ('us), adj. covered with long, 
 thin, soft hairs ; downy ; shaggy. 
 
 vio 
 
 vinaceous (vl-na'shus), adj. pertain- 
 ing to, or like, grapes or wine ; wine- 
 colored. 
 
 vinaigrette (vin-a-gref), n. a small 
 perforated box of gold, &c, for hold- 
 ing aromatic vinegar or smelling- 
 salts. 
 
 vincible (vin'si-bl), adj. capable of 
 being conquered or overcome. 
 
 vinculum (ving'ku-lum), n. a bond 
 of union ; tie ; horizontal bar placed 
 over several algebraical quantities 
 to indicate they are to be treated as 
 one. 
 
 vindicate (vin'di-kat), v.t. to prove 
 to be valid ; defend successfully ; as- 
 sert a right to ; justify. 
 
 vindication (-ka'shun), n. justifica- 
 tion against denial, censure, or op- 
 pression ; defense ; support by proof. 
 
 vindicator ('di-ka-ter), n. one who 
 vindicates. 
 
 vindicatory (-to-ri), adj. serving to 
 vindicate, justify, or punish. 
 
 vindictive (-dik'tiv), adj. given to, 
 or prompted by, revenge. 
 
 vindictively (-li), adv. in a vindic- 
 tive manner. 
 
 vine (vin), n. any woody, climbing 
 plant of the genus Vitis, especially 
 the common grape. 
 
 vinegar (vin'e-ger), n. an acid ob- 
 tained by fermentation from wine, 
 beer, &c. : hence anything sour, actu- 
 ally or metaphorically. 
 
 vinery (vin'er-i), n. a place where 
 grapes are cultivated artificially. 
 
 vineyard (vin'yard), n. a plantation 
 of vines producing grapes. 
 
 vinic (vi'nik), adj. pertaining to wine. 
 
 vin-ordinaire (vang-or-de-nar'), n. 
 a kind of claret: the common wine 
 of France. 
 
 vinous (vi'nus), adj. pertaining to, 
 having the qualities of, or like, wine. 
 
 vintage (vin'taj), n. the yearly crop 
 or produce of the grape; wine pro- 
 duced in one season. 
 
 vintner (vint'ner), n. wine merchant. 
 
 viol ( vl'ol ) , n. a four-stringed musical 
 instrument played with a bow. 
 
 viola (ve-o'la), n. the tenor violin. 
 
 violable (vi'6-la-bl), adj. capable of 
 being violated or broken. 
 
 violate ('o-lat), v.t. to transgress; 
 break forcibly ; injure ; ravish ; out- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
vio 
 
 vi» 
 
 rage ; desecrate ; treat with irrever- 
 ence ; disturb. 
 
 violation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
 violating, infringing, or injuring ; 
 rape ; outrage ; act of irreverence or 
 profanation. 
 
 violator ('6-la-ter), n. one who vio- 
 lates. 
 
 violence ('6-lens), n. physical or 
 moral force; vehemence; unjust 
 strength or power applied to _ any 
 purpose ; assault ; outrage ; crime ; 
 rape ; eagerness ; infringement. 
 
 violent ( 'o-lent ) , adj. urged or driven 
 by force ; vehement ; impetuous ; 
 forcible ; furious ; severe. 
 
 violet ('o-let), n. a plant of the genus 
 Viola ; a color like that of the violet. 
 
 violin (-o-lin') , n. a four-stringed mu- 
 sical instrument, played with a bow. 
 
 violinist ('ist), n. a performer on the 
 violin. 
 
 violoncellist (ve-o-lon-chel'ist), n. a 
 performer on the violoncello. 
 
 violoncello (-chel'6), n. a large four- 
 stringed instrument of the viol class. 
 
 viol one (ve-o-lo'na), n. a double-bass 
 viol [Music]. 
 
 viper (vi'per), n. a venomous serpent 
 of various species ; a crafty, malig- 
 nant person. 
 
 viperous (-us), adj. viper-like; ma- 
 lignant. 
 
 virago (vi-ra'go), n. a bold, turbulent 
 woman. 
 
 virgin (ver'jin), n. a woman who has 
 preserved her chastity ; maiden : the 
 Virgin Mary (with the) : adj. per- 
 taining to, or becoming, a virgin ; 
 chaste ; modest ; pure ; new ; un- 
 mixed. 
 
 virginal (-al) , adj. maidenly ; chaste : 
 n. a 16th century musical instru- 
 ment. 
 
 virginity ('i-ti), n. the state of a 
 virgin ; maidenhood ; virgin purity. 
 
 virile (vir'il), adj. pertaining to, or 
 characteristic of, mature manhood ; 
 masculine ; manly ; procreative. 
 
 virility (-il'i-ti), n. manhood; power 
 of procreation. 
 
 virtu, same as vertu. 
 
 virtual (ver'tu-al), adj. in essence or 
 effect, though not in fact ; having the 
 efficacy without the material or sen- 
 sible part. 
 
 virtually (-H), adv. practically. 
 
 virtue ('tu.), n. rectitude; strength; 
 efficacy ; valor ; chastity ; legal force. 
 
 virtuoso (-tu-o'so), n. [pi. virtuosi 
 ('se)], one skilled in the fine arts, 
 antiquities, &c. ; a skilled performer 
 on a musical instrument. 
 
 virtuous ('tu-us), adj. possessing, or 
 exhibiting, virtue ; moral ; chaste. 
 
 virulence (vir'ti-lens), n. the state or 
 quality of being virulent; extreme 
 bitterness. 
 
 virulent ('u-lent"), adj. very poison- 
 ous or venomous ; actively injurious 
 to life or health ; bitter in enmity ; 
 malignant. 
 
 virus (vi'rus), n. organic, contagious, 
 or poisonous matter, by which dis- 
 ease or poison is introduced into the 
 system ; something that acts as a 
 moral poison. 
 
 vis (vis), n. power; force. 
 
 vis inertiae (in-er'shi-e), n. the re- 
 sistance in a body either to change 
 its state of rest or state of motion. 
 
 visage (viz'aj), n. the countenance. 
 
 vis-a-vis (ve-za-ve'), n. one who is 
 face to face with another : adv. face 
 to face. 
 
 viscera (vis'er-a), n.pl. the intestines. 
 
 visceral ('er-al), adj. pertaining to 
 the viscera. 
 
 viscid ('id), adj. sticky; glutinous. 
 
 viscidity ('i-ti), n. stickiness; glu- 
 tinousness. Also viscosity. 
 
 viscount (vi'kount), n. a nobleman 
 next in rank below an earl. Fem- 
 inine viscountess. 
 
 viscous (vis'kus), adj. adhesive or 
 glutinous. 
 
 viscus ('kus), n. an entrail. 
 
 vise (vis), n. a two-jawed instrument 
 for holding work. 
 
 visibility (viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. percepti- 
 bility. Also visibleness. 
 
 visible ('i-bl), adj. perceptible by the 
 eye, in view ; obvious ; apparent. 
 
 Visigothic (-i-goth'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to the Visigoths, a branch of the 
 Goths that settled in Southern 
 France and Spain. 
 
 vision (vizh'un), n. the act or sense 
 of seeing ; sight ; object of sight ; di- 
 vine revelation ; apparition ; creation 
 of the imagination. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, taen. 
 
Till 
 
 visional (-al), adj. pertaining to 
 vision. 
 
 visionary (-a-ri), adj. existing only 
 in the imagination ; unreal : n. an 
 unpractical schemer. 
 
 visit (viz'it), n. the act of calling to 
 see another : brief stay of friendship, 
 courtesy, or business ; official inspec- 
 tion : v.t. to call upon ; inspect offi- 
 cially ; overtake or chastise : v.i. to 
 be in the habit of making calls ; 
 maintain social intercourse. 
 
 visitant ('i-tant), n. a visitor. 
 
 visitation (-i-ta'shun), n. the act of 
 visiting ; official visit ; infliction of 
 good or evil ; retributive affliction. 
 
 visite (ve-zef), n. a light lace or silk 
 cape for summer wear. 
 
 visitor (vis'i-ter), n. one who visits; 
 official inspector. 
 
 visor, see vizor. 
 
 vista (vis'ta), n. [pi. vistas ('taz)L 
 n. a view, especially through an 
 avenue ; the trees forming such an 
 avenue. 
 
 visual (vizh'ii-al), adj. pertaining to, 
 or used in, sight. 
 
 visualize (-iz), v.t. to make visible; 
 see in fancy. 
 
 vital (vi'tal), adj. pertaining to, sup- 
 porting, or necessary to, life; mor- 
 tal ; essential. 
 
 vitalism (-izm), n. the theory which 
 refers vital phenomena to a vital, as 
 distant from a merely physical, force. 
 
 vitality ('i-ti), n. vital force. 
 
 vitalize ('tal-iz), v.t. to endow with 
 life; animate. 
 
 vitally (-i), adv. essentially. 
 
 vitals ('talz), n.pl. the organs of the 
 body essential to life, as the heart, 
 lungs, &c. 
 
 vitas cope (vi'ta-skop), n. an appa- 
 ratus for projecting kinetographic 
 pictures in life size upon a canvas. 
 
 vitellin (-tel'in), n. the albumenoidal 
 substance in the yolk of eggs. 
 
 vitellus ('us), n. the yolk of an egg. 
 
 vitiate (vish'i-at), v.t. to render 
 faulty or defective; taint; deprave; 
 annul. 
 
 viticulture (vit'i-kul-tur), n. vine 
 culture. 
 
 vitreo, a prefix meaning pertaining 
 to, or like glass, as vitreo-electric. 
 
 viv 
 
 exhibiting positive or vitreous elec- 
 tricity. 
 
 vitreous (vit're-us), adj. consisting 
 of, like, or obtained from, glass. 
 
 vitrescence (vi-tres'ens), n. the qual- 
 ity of being vitrescent. 
 
 vitrescent Cent), adj. capable of be- 
 ing turned into or becoming like 
 glass. 
 
 vitric (vit'rik), adj. glass-like. 
 
 vitrif action (-ri-fak'shun), n. the 
 art or process of vitrifying. 
 
 vitrified ('ri-fid), adj. converted into 
 glass. 
 
 vitrif or m (-form), n. having the 
 form or appearance of glass. 
 
 vitrify ('ri-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. vitri- 
 fied, p.pr. vitrifying], to convert by 
 heat and fusion into glass : v.i. to be 
 converted into glass. 
 
 vitriol ('ri-ol), n. the popular name 
 for sulphuric acid. 
 
 vituperate (vi-tu'per-at), v.t. to cen- 
 sure abusively. 
 
 vituperation (-a/shun), n. abusive 
 censure. 
 
 vituperation ('per-a-tiv), adj. char- 
 acterized by, or containing, abuse. 
 
 viva (ve'va), inter j. hurrah! [Ital- 
 ian]. 
 
 vivacious (vi-va'shus), adj. lively; 
 gay. 
 
 vivacity (-vas'i-ti), n. liveliness; ani- 
 mation. 
 
 vivarium (vi-va'ri-um), n. a place 
 for the artificial keeping of animals 
 in their natural state. 
 
 viva voce ('va vo'se), orally [Latin]. 
 
 vive (vev), inter j. long life or suc- 
 cess to [French]. 
 
 vivid (viv'id), adj. life-like; realis- 
 tic ; forming brilliant images. 
 
 vivify (viv'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. vivi- 
 fied, p.pr. vivifying], to endure with 
 life; quicken. 
 
 viviparous (vi-vip'a-rus), adj. pro- 
 ducing young alive. 
 
 vivisect (viv-i-sekt'), v.t. to dissect 
 the living body of. 
 
 vivisection (-sek'shun), n. the dis- 
 section of a living animal for scien- 
 tific study. 
 
 vivisectionist (-sek'shun-ist), n. one 
 who practices or upholds vivisection. 
 Also vivisector. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrtb, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, ttao. 
 
vix 
 
 vol 
 
 vixen (viks'n), n. a female fox; 
 quarrelsome, ill-tempered woman. 
 
 viz. (viz) ? adv. namely. 
 
 vizier (vi-zer'), n. a high officer or 
 councilor of state in Mohammedan 
 countries. 
 
 vizor (vl'zer), n. the upper movable 
 part of a helmet ; the fore-piece of a 
 cap. 
 
 vocable (vo'ka-bl), n. a word; term. 
 
 vocabulary (-kab'u-la-ri), n. [pi. vo- 
 cabularies (-riz)j, a collection of 
 words of a language, science, &c, 
 arranged alphabetically and ex- 
 plained ; words used. 
 
 vocal (vo'kal), adj. pertaining to, full 
 of, or endowed with, voice or speech : 
 oral ; having a vowel character ; pro- 
 duced in the larynx. 
 
 vocalist (-ist), n. a singer. 
 
 vocalize (-Iz) , v.t. to form into voice ; 
 utter distinctly. 
 
 vocally ('kal-i), adv. with the voice. 
 
 vocation (-ka'shun), n. calling; oc- 
 cupation. 
 
 vocative (vok'a-tiv), adj. noting the 
 case of a noun, adjective, or pro- 
 noun in which a person or thing is 
 addressed : n. the vocative case. 
 
 vociferate (vo-sif'er-at), v.i. to 
 clamor ; bawl : v.t . to utter with a 
 loud voice. 
 
 vociferation (-a'shun), n. violent 
 outcry. 
 
 vociferous ('er-us), adj. clamorous; 
 noisy. 
 
 vodka (vod'ka), n. a Russian intoxi- 
 cant distilled from rye. 
 
 voe (vo), n. a fiord; creek. 
 
 vogue (vog), n. fashion. 
 
 voice (vois), n. sound uttered by the 
 mouth, especially by a human being ; 
 utterance or mode of utterance : fac- 
 ulty of speech ; language ; expressed 
 opinions ; vote or suffrage : v.t. to 
 give utterance or expression to. 
 
 void (void), adj. empty; wanting: 
 v.t. to nullify ; declare vacant ; quit ; 
 to emit or send out : n. a vacuum. 
 
 volant (vo'lant), adj. flying; nimble. 
 
 Volapuk (-la-puk'), n. a system of 
 universal language for commercial 
 intercourse. 
 
 volatile ('a-til), adj. easily passing 
 into the aeriform state; diffusing 
 freely ; lively ; sprightly ; fickle. 
 
 volatilize ('a-til-iz), v.t, to render 
 volatile; evaporate. 
 
 volatility ('i-ti), n. the state or 
 quality of being volatile. 
 
 volcanic (-kan'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to, proceeding from, or produced by, 
 a volcano. 
 
 volcanize ('kan-iz), v.t. to subject to 
 volcanic action. 
 
 volcano (-ka'no), n. [pi. volcanoes 
 ('noz)], a conical hill or mountain 
 from which the products of volcanic 
 action are ejected with great heat in 
 the form of lava, &c. 
 
 volition (vo-lish'un), n. the act or 
 power of willing or exerting choice. 
 
 volitive (vol'i-tiv), adj. pertaining 
 to, or having the power of, will. 
 
 volley ('i), n. [pi. volleys ('iz)], the 
 simultaneous discharge of a number 
 of small-arms ; explosive burst ; re- 
 turn of a ball at tennis before it 
 reaches the ground; bowling a ball 
 full to the top of the wicket: v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. volleyed, p.pr. volleying], 
 to discharge with, or as with, a vol- 
 ley : v.i. to be thrown out at once ; 
 return a ball before it touches the 
 ground; bowl a ball full on the 
 wicket. 
 
 volt (volt), n. the circular tread of a 
 horse ; sudden leap to avoid a thrust 
 in fencing ; standard unit of electro- 
 motive force. 
 
 voltaic (vol-ta'ik), adj. pertaining to 
 electricity generated by chemical ac- 
 tion or galvanism. 
 
 voltameter (-tam'e-ter), n. an in- 
 strument for measuring the work of 
 a voltaic current. 
 
 volubility (-u-bil'i-ti), n. excessive 
 fluency of speech. 
 
 voluble ( 'ii-bl ) , adj. fluent in speech. 
 
 volume ('um), n. a single book; 
 space occupied, measured in cubic 
 units ; mass or bulk ; quantity or 
 fullness of voice or tone : pi. a great 
 deal. 
 
 volumetric (-u-met'rik), adj. meas- 
 ured by volume. 
 
 voluminous ('mi-nus), adj. exten- 
 sive ; copious ; consisting of, or hav- 
 ing produced, many books. 
 
 voluntarily ('un-ta-ri-li), adv. spon- 
 taneously. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
TOI 
 
 VUl 
 
 voluntariness (-ri-nes), n. s.^on- 
 taneousness. 
 
 voluntary ('un-ta-ri), adj. acting 
 from choice or free will ; spontane- 
 ous ; designed ; gratuitous : n. an 
 organ solo played before, during, or 
 after, a church service. 
 
 volunteer (-un-ter'), n. one who en- 
 ters into any service of his own free 
 will, especially military service ; a 
 foreigner who gives his services in 
 exchange for board and residence : 
 v.i. to offer one's services volunta- 
 rily, especially for military service : 
 v.t. to offer or bestow without con- 
 straint or compulsion. 
 
 voluptuary (vo'lup-tu-a-ri), n. one 
 given to sensual enjoyments or lux- 
 ury : adj. devoted to luxury or 
 pleasure. 
 
 voluptuous ('tu-us), adj. given to 
 the enjoyment of sensual pleasures 
 or luxury ; sensual ; exciting sensual 
 desires. 
 
 volute (vo-hit'), n. a spiral scroll 
 forming the chief feature of the 
 Ionic capital. 
 
 voluted ('ed), adj. having a spiral 
 scroll. 
 
 vomer (vo'mer), n. the thin, slender 
 bone forming the partition between 
 the nostrils. 
 
 vomica (vom'i-ka), n. an abscess in 
 the lungs. 
 
 vomit ('it), v.i. to eject the contents 
 of the stomach by the mouth : v.t. 
 to throw up from the stomach ; dis- 
 charge with violence : n. matter 
 ejected by the stomach ; an emetic. 
 
 vomiting (-ing), n. the act of eject- 
 ing matter from the stomach. 
 
 vomito (vo-me'to), n. yellow fever in 
 its most acute form [Spanish], 
 
 voodoo (voo-doo'), n. a system of 
 magic and superstitious rites, said 
 to be accompanied with cannibal- 
 ism and human sacrifies, prevalent 
 among certain negro races. 
 
 voracious (vo-ra'shus), adj. greedy 
 in eating ; ravenous ; rapacious. 
 
 voracity (-ras'i-ti), n. the quality of 
 being voracious. 
 
 vorant (vo'rant), adj. devouring or 
 swallowing. 
 
 vortex (vor'teks), n. [pi. vortices 
 ('ti-sez)], the hollow and circular 
 
 form assumed by a liquid when set 
 in rotation ; whirlpool. 
 
 votary (vo'ta-ri), n. [pi. votaries 
 (-riz)], one addicted to some par- 
 ticular pursuit or condition of life; 
 one consecrated by a vow. 
 
 vote (vot), n. an expression of choice 
 or preference for some particular 
 candidate for an office, &c, by ballot 
 or other method of suffrage ; decision 
 by the majority : v.t. to choose by 
 suffrage; characterize: v.i. to give 
 a vote. 
 
 voter ('er), n. an elector. 
 
 voting ('ing), n. expression of opin- 
 ion or preference by suffrage. 
 
 votive ('iv), adj. given, consecrated, 
 or promised by vow. 
 
 vouch (vouch), v.t. to attest; guar- 
 antee. 
 
 voucher ('er), n. one who gives at- 
 testation or witness ; a document 
 guaranteeing the accuracy of ac- 
 counts. 
 
 vouchsafe (-saf), v.t. to condescend 
 to grant; concede. 
 
 voussoir (voo-swar'), n. one of the 
 wedge-like stones forming the arch 
 of a bridge. 
 
 vow (vou), n. a solemn promise or 
 pledge to fulfil some engagement 
 hereafter, especially one made to 
 God ; pledge of fidelity or affection : 
 v.t. to promise solemnly; consecrate 
 to God : v.i. to make a solemn prom- 
 ise. 
 
 vowel ('el), n. a simple vocal sound; 
 a letter representing such a sound: 
 adj. vocal. 
 
 voyage (voi'aj), n. a journey by 
 water from one country or place to 
 another : v.i. to make a voyage : v.t. 
 to travel or pass over. 
 
 voyager (-er), n. a traveler by water. 
 
 voyageur (vwa-ya-zher'), n. a Cana- 
 dian boatman. 
 
 vraisemblance (vra-sang-blangs'), n. 
 an appearance of truth. 
 
 vulcanite (vul'kan-it), n. vulcanized 
 india-rubber. 
 
 vulcanize (-iz), v.t. to change the 
 properties of (india-rubber) by com- 
 bination with sulphur, white lead, 
 and other substances, rendering it 
 hard and non-elastic. 
 
 vulgar ('ger), adj. pertaining to, 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon,, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
vul 
 
 vyi 
 
 characteristic of, or used by, the 
 multitude or common people ; com- 
 mon ; general vernacular ; plebeian ; 
 unrefined ; coarse ; mean : n. the un- 
 educated or unrefined class. 
 
 vulgar fractions (frak'shunz), n.pl. 
 common fractions ; expressed by 
 placing the numerator above the de- 
 nominator, with a horizontal or ob- 
 lique line between. 
 
 vulgarian (-ga'ri-an), n. a rich per- 
 son with vulgar ideas. 
 
 vulgarism ('ger-izm), n. a vulgar 
 phrase or expression. 
 
 vulgarity (-gar'i-ti), n. coarseness 
 of manners or language. 
 
 Vulgate ('gat), n. an ancient Latin 
 version of the Scriptures in use in 
 the Roman Catholic Church, made 
 originally by St. Jerome : adj. per- 
 taining to, or contained in, the Vul- 
 gate. 
 
 vulgus (vul'gus), n. the vulgar or 
 common people ; a short Latin verse 
 composed as a daily exercise in Eng- 
 lish classical schools. 
 
 vuln (vuln), v.t. to wound. 
 
 vulnerability (vul-ner-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
 the quality of being vulnerable. Also 
 vulnerableness. 
 
 vulnerable ('ner-a-bl), adj. capable 
 of being wounded ; susceptible of 
 wounds or injury. 
 
 vulpecide or vulpicide (vul'pe-sid), 
 n. a killer of foxes contrary to 
 sporting ethics. 
 
 vulpine ('pin), adj. pertaining to, 
 like, or characteristic of, a fox ; cun- 
 ning. 
 
 vulpinite ('pin-it), n. a variety of 
 gypsum susceptible of a fine polish. 
 
 vulture ('tur), n. a large, carnivo- 
 rous, voracious bird of prey. 
 
 vulturine (-in), adj. vulture-like. 
 
 vulva (vul'va), n. an entrance or 
 opening. 
 
 vulviform ('vi-form), adj. like a 
 cleft with projecting edges. 
 
 vying (vl'ing), p. adj. competing; em- 
 ulating ; practicing in rivalry ; striv- 
 ing for superiority. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
wabble, same as wobble. 
 
 wacke (wak'e), n. a German miner's 
 name for a soft earthy variety of 
 trap-rock. 
 
 wad (wod), n. a mass of soft or flex- 
 ible material used for stuffing gar- 
 ments ; small mass of tow, &c, used 
 for keeping the powder, &c, in place 
 in a gun ; a kind of plumbago : v.t. 
 [p.t. & p.p. wadded, p.pr. wadding], 
 to form into- or stuff with, a wad. 
 
 waddie ('i),'». a thick club used by 
 the Australian aborigines. Also 
 waddy. 
 
 wadding ('ing), n. a soft stuff of 
 loose texture used for stuffing gar- 
 ments, etc. 
 
 waddle ('1), v.i. to move from side to 
 side in walking: n. a clumsy, rock- 
 ing gait. 
 
 waddler ('ler), n. one who waddles. 
 
 wade (wad), v.i. to walk through any 
 substance that yields to the feet, as 
 water, snow, etc. : v.t. to ford. 
 
 wady ('i), n. the channel of a water- 
 course which is dry except in the 
 rainy season. Also wadi. 
 
 wafer (wa'fer), n. a small colored 
 paste disk for securing letters, etc. ; 
 small disk of unleavened bread used 
 in the Eucharist in the Roman 
 Catholic Church. 
 
 waffle (wof'l), n. a soft indented 
 cake, baked in an iron utensil over 
 a flame or coals. 
 
 waft (waft), v.t, to bear along on a 
 buoyant medium : v.i. to float. 
 
 wag (wag), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. wagged, 
 p.pr. wagging], to move backwards^ 
 and forwards : v.t. to cause to oscil- 
 late : n. the act of wagging ; a droll, 
 humorous fellow. 
 
 wage (waj), v.t. to engage in, or 
 carry on, especially war ; venture : 
 n. payment for service rendered ; hire 
 (usually pi.). 
 
 wagen-boom (va'gen-boom), n. a 
 South African tree yielding a tough 
 wood, used for wagon wheels. Also 
 wagon-tree. 
 
 wager (waj'er), n. a subject on which 
 bets are laid ; something staked on 
 an issue : v.t. to hazard to stake : 
 v.i. to bet. 
 
 waggery (wag'er-i), n. mischievous 
 merriment ; tricks of a wag ; good- 
 humored sarcasm. 
 
 waggish ( f ish), adj. humorous, sport- 
 ive. 
 
 waggle ('1), v.i. & v.t. to move from 
 side to side : n. a. movement from 
 side to side. 
 
 wagon ('un), n. a four-wheeled heavy 
 vehicle for carrying goods, agricul- 
 tural produce, &c. 
 
 wagoner (-er), n. the driver of a 
 wagon. 
 
 wagonette (-et'), n. a light, open, 
 four-wheeled pleasure carriage. 
 
 wagtail ('tal), n. a small bird. 
 
 waif (waf), n. anything found with- 
 out an owner ; a homeless wanderer. 
 
 wail (wal), v.t. to lament: v.i. to ex- 
 press sorrow audibly : n. loud lamen- 
 tation. Also wailing. 
 
 wain (wan), w. a wagon. 
 
 wainscot ('skut), n. paneled wooden 
 lining on walls: v.t. to line with 
 paneled boarding. 
 
 wainscoting (-ing), n. material used 
 to wainscot a house,, 
 
 wainwright Crit), n. a maker of 
 wagons. 
 
 waist (wast), n. the narrowest part 
 
 fite, £rm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nftrth, not; boon, 
 D.55. book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
of the body just below the ribs ; mid- 
 dle part. 
 
 "waistcoat (wast'kot or wes'kut [col- 
 loquial] ), n. a short, sleeveless men's 
 garment covering the chest and 
 waist. 
 
 wait (wat), v.i. to stay in expecta- 
 tion; lie in ambush; watch ; remain 
 quiet ; follow someone ; attend : v.t. 
 to await ; postpone. 
 
 waiter ('er), n. a servant in attend- 
 ance at table ; salver or tray. Fem- 
 inine waitress. 
 
 waiting ('ing), adj. serving; attend- 
 ant. 
 
 waits (watz), n.pl. nocturnal musi- 
 cians who perform in the streets of 
 English town at Christmastide. 
 
 waive (wav), v.t. to give up a claim 
 to ; forego. 
 
 wake (wak), v.i. [p.f. & p.p. waked 
 or woke, p.pr. waking], to be awake ; 
 be roused from sleep ; cease to sleep ; 
 be active : v.t. to rouse from sleep ; 
 revive ; watch : n. a vigil ; watching 
 of a dead body prior to burial ; track. 
 
 ■wakeful ('fool), adj. watchful. 
 
 waken, same as wake. 
 
 wale (wal), n. a mark left by the 
 stroke of a whip, &c. : v.t. to mark 
 with a wale. 
 
 walk (wawk), v.i. to advance by al- 
 ternate steps ; go at a moderate 
 pace ; take exercise ; go restlessly 
 about ; pursue a certain course of 
 life or action : v.t. to traverse ; cause 
 to walk : n. act or manner of walk- 
 ing ; step or pace ; road ; place for 
 pedestrian exercise ; course of life 
 or action; deportment; frequented 
 track. 
 
 walkist ('ist), n. a professional pe- 
 destrian. 
 
 wall (wawl), n. a structure of stone, 
 brick, &c. ; side of a building ; ram- 
 part ; means of protection : v.t. to 
 enclose with or as with, a wall ; de- 
 fend or protect. 
 
 wallaba ('a-ba), n. a tree of Guiana, 
 yielding a valuable deep-red timber. 
 
 wallet (wol'et), n. a bag or knap- 
 sack ; a pocketbook. 
 
 wall-eye (wawl'I), n. an eye, the iris 
 of which is white : said of horses. 
 
 wallflower ('flou-er), n. a plant of 
 the genus Cheiranthus with sweet- 
 
 scented flowers; one who, at a ball 
 or party, takes no part. 
 
 wallop (wol'up), v.i. to boil with a 
 continued bubbling: v.t. to beat 
 soundly : n. a blow ; gallop [Scotch]. 
 
 wallow ('o), v.i. to roll one's body in 
 the mire ; tumble or roll in anything 
 soft ; live in vice or filth : n. a kind 
 of rolling walk ; a place to which an 
 animal resorts to wallow. 
 
 walnut (wawl'nut), n. a tree of the 
 genus Juglans, yielding an edible 
 fruit and valuable wood. 
 
 Walpurgis Night (val-poor'gis nit), 
 n. the eve of May Day, when witches 
 are supposed to hold high revelry. 
 
 walrus (wol'rus), n. a large, carniv- 
 orous, marine mammal with power- 
 ful tusks. 
 
 waltz (wawltz), n. a kind of dance; 
 music for such a dance : v.i. to dance 
 a waltz. 
 
 wampee (wom-pe'), n. a fruit much 
 esteemed by the Chinese. 
 
 wampum (wom'pum), n. beads made 
 of shells, used by the North Ameri- 
 can Indians as money and for orna- 
 mental belts. 
 
 wan (won), adj. pale; sickly. 
 
 wand (wond), n. a long, slender rod; 
 staff of authority. 
 
 wander (won'der), v.i. to ramble 
 about aimlessly ; stroll ; depart from ; 
 be delirious. 
 
 wanderoo (-55'), n. a large bearded 
 monkey of Southern India. 
 
 wane (wan), v.i. to grow less; de- 
 crease : said of the illuminated part 
 of the moon ; fail : n. the decrease of 
 the illuminated part of the moon. 
 
 wanghee (wang-he'), n. a bamboo 
 imported from Japan and China, 
 used for walking-sticks, &c. 
 
 wanness (won'nes), n. wan condi- 
 tion. 
 
 want (wawnt), n. absence or scarcity 
 of what is needed or desired; defi- 
 ciency ; necessity ; penury : v.t. to be 
 destitute of; have need of; desire: 
 v.i. to be deficient ; not to be pres- 
 ent ; come short. 
 
 wanting ('ing), adj. deficient; ab- 
 sent. 
 
 wanton (won'tun), adj. licentious; 
 lustful ; unrestrained ; roving ; sport- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; bo5n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
wap 
 
 ive ; luxurious ; trifling : n. a lasciv- 
 ious man or woman. 
 wapiti (wop'i-ti), n. the American 
 
 elk. 
 ■war (wawr), n. a contest between 
 states carried on by force ; armed 
 conflict ; state of hostility ; enmity : 
 v.i. [p.t. & p.p. warred, p.pr. war- 
 ring], to make war; fight; strive 
 violently. 
 
 ■warble (wawr'bl), v.t. & v.i. to sing 
 in a trilling or quavering manner ; 
 sing, as birds ; utter musically : n. a 
 soft, sweet flow of melodious sounds ; 
 carol. 
 
 warbler ('bier), n. one who warbles ; 
 a singing-bird. 
 
 warbling *('bling), adj. singing ; qua- 
 vering. 
 
 ward (wawrd), v.t. to guard; defend 
 from danger; turn aside (with oft) : 
 v.i. to be vigilant ; act on the de- 
 fensive : n. guard ; defense ; particu- 
 lar division of a city or town ; cus- 
 tody ; person entrusted to the care 
 of a guardian. 
 
 warden ('en), n. a guardian; keep- 
 er ; head official ; churchwarden. 
 
 warder ( 'er ) , n. keeper ; guard. 
 
 wardrobe ('rob), n. portable closet 
 for clothes ; wearing apparel. 
 
 wardroom ('room), n. a cabin for 
 naval lieutenants. 
 
 warehouse (war'hous), n. a building 
 for storing goods : v.t. to deposit in 
 a warehouse. 
 
 wares (warz) , n. merchandise ; goods. 
 
 warfare (wawr'far), n. hostilities; 
 war ; contest ; military life or serv- 
 ice. 
 
 warily (war'i-li), adv. cautiously. 
 
 wariness ('i-nes), n. caution. 
 
 warlock (wawr'lok), n. a wizard. 
 
 warm (wawrm), adj. having heat in 
 a moderate degree ; subject to heat ; 
 zealous ; excited ; passionate ; well- 
 off : v.t. to make warm ; excite : v.i. 
 to become warm. 
 
 warm-blooded (-blud'ed), adj. de- 
 noting animals whose temperature 
 ranges 98° to 112° Fahr. 
 
 warm colors (kul'erz), n.pl. colors 
 having yellow or red for their basis. 
 
 warmth. ( 'th ) , n. ^ moderate heat ; 
 earnestness or irritability ; anima- 
 
 tion ; glowing effect produced by the 
 use of warm colors. 
 warn (wawrn), v.t. to give notice of 
 possible danger ; caution ; expostu- 
 late; summon by authority. 
 warning ('ing), n. caution against 
 danger ; previous notice ; notice to 
 quit. 
 
 warp (wawrp), n. the threads which 
 extend lengthwise in the loom, and 
 are crossed by the woof ; towing- 
 rope ; a twist out of the true shape : 
 v.t. to turn or twist out of shape ; 
 pervert; arrange (yarns) on a warp 
 beam ; tow or move (a vessel) with a 
 warp attached to some fixed object; 
 run, as yarn, off the winches into 
 hulks to be tarred : v.i. to swerve or 
 deviate. 
 
 warping ('ing), n. preparation of 
 the warp ; fertilization of estuary 
 land by flooding it with water. 
 
 warrant (wor'ant), v.t. to guaran- 
 tee ; give assurance to ; authorize ; 
 maintain ; mark as safe ; assure : n. 
 a commission giving authority ; writ 
 for arresting a person ; voucher ; se- 
 curity. 
 
 warranty (-i), n. guarantee; secur- 
 ity. 
 
 warren ('en), n. an enclosure for 
 protecting game or animals, espe- 
 cially rabbits ; fish preserve. 
 
 warrior (wawr'i-er), ». a soldier; 
 fighter. 
 
 wart (wawrt), n. a dry excrescence on 
 the human skin and certain animals. 
 
 wary (wa'ri), adj. [comp. warier, su- 
 perl. wariest], cautious; circum- 
 spect. 
 
 was, p.t. of be. 
 
 wase (waz), n. a circular straw head- 
 covering used by porters when car- 
 rying loads. 
 
 wash, (wosh), v.t. to cleanse with 
 water ; cover with water ; overlay 
 with thin metal ; cover with a thin \ 
 coat of color ; cleanse from moral 
 pollution : v.i. to cleanse by wash- 
 ing : n. the act of washing ; waste 
 liquor ; alluvial matter ; shallow part 
 of an arm of a sea or of a river ; bog 
 or marsh ; cosmetic lotion. 
 
 washer ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, washes ; ring of metal, leath- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; b55n, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
way 
 
 er, &c., used to secure the tightness 
 of a joint, screw, &c. 
 
 washing ( 'ing ) , n. the act of cleans- 
 ing with water; clothes washed at 
 one time. 
 
 wasp (wosp), n. a winged insect with 
 a sharp sting ; peevish, irritable per- 
 son. 
 
 waspish ('ish), adj. petulant and ir- 
 ritable ; slender-waisted. 
 
 wassail (wos'el), n. a merry-making 
 accompanied with drinking, especial- 
 ly at Christmas-time ; liquor of ale, 
 apples, and sugar : v.i. to carouse. 
 
 waste (wast), v.t. to destroy wan- 
 tonly ; diminish ; squander : impair ; 
 v.i. to be diminished : adj. lying un- 
 used ; unproductive ; devastated ; un- 
 tilled : n. the act of wasting ; dissi- 
 pation of property ; useless expendi- 
 ture ; uncultivated country ; refuse. 
 
 wasteful ( 'fool ) , adj. causing waste ; 
 spending property extravagantly or 
 uselessly. 
 
 wastefully (-i), adv. in a wasteful 
 manner. 
 
 watch (woch), n. close observation; 
 guard ; vigilance ; sentry ; attendance 
 without sleep ; watchman ; division 
 of the night ; period during which 
 part of a crew are on duty on deck 
 (4 hours) ; pocket timepiece: v.i. to 
 be or keep awake : keep guard ; act 
 as an attendant : v.t. to tend ; guard ; 
 keep in view. 
 
 watchful ('fool) , adj. vigilant ; wary. 
 
 watchfully (-i), adv. in a watchful 
 manner. 
 
 watchword ('werd), n. a password. 
 
 water (waw'ter), n. a colorless, in- 
 odorous, transparent fluid, consist- 
 ing of 2 volumes of hydrogen to one 
 of oxygen ; rain ; sea ; any collection 
 of water ; luster of a diamond ; 
 urine ; stock issued without provi- 
 sion for the payment of interest : v.t. 
 to supply with water ; irrigate ; wet 
 with water ; dilute : v.i. to get or 
 take in water ; have a longing desire. 
 
 watered ('terd), adj. supplied with 
 water ; sprinkled ; having a wavy ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 wateriness ('ter-i-nes), n. watery 
 condition. 
 
 water-logged (-logd), adj. saturated 
 
 or filled with water so as to be un- 
 manageable : said of a ship. 
 
 watery ('ter-i), adj. pertaining to, or 
 like, water; transparent or thin; 
 tasteless ; tearful. 
 
 watt (wot), n. an electrical unit of 
 power. 
 
 wattle ('!), n. a twig or flexible rod; 
 a hurdle of interwoven rods ; fleshy 
 lobe under the throat of a fowl, tur- 
 key, &c. ; kind of acacia : v.t. to 
 twist or interweave (twigs or rods) 
 one with another : n. bird with wat- 
 tles. 
 
 wattlebird (-berd), n. an Australian 
 honey-bird. 
 
 waul ( wawl ) , n. the cry of a cat. 
 
 wave (wav), n. the alternate rising 
 and falling of water above its nat- 
 ural level; undulation; state 'of vi- 
 bration propagated through a sys- 
 tem of particles or elastic^ medium ; 
 signal made by waving : v.i. to move 
 like a wave ; play loosely ; undulate : 
 v.t. to brandish ; beckon ; raise into 
 inequalities of surface. 
 
 waver ('er), v.i. to move to and fro; 
 vacillate ; hesitate or be undeter- 
 mined. 
 
 wavering (-ing), adj. hesitating; un- 
 decided. 
 
 waveson ('sun), n. goods floating on 
 the waves after shipwreck. 
 
 waviuess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being wavy. 
 
 •wavy ('i), adj. rising and swelling in 
 waves ; full of waves ; undulating. 
 
 wax (waks), n. beeswax; any tena- 
 cious substance like beeswax ; ceru- 
 men of the ear ; rage : v.t. to smear, 
 rub, or join, with wax : v.i. to in- 
 crease in size ; become. 
 
 waybill ('bil), n. a finch with a red 
 conical bill resembling wax. 
 
 waxen ('en), adj. made of, like, or 
 consisting of, wax. 
 
 waxiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being waxy. 
 
 waxwing ('wing), n. a small bird 
 the secondary quills of whose wings 
 are tipped with small horny appen- 
 dages resembling sealing-wax. 
 
 waxy ('i), adj. consisting of, or like, 
 wax ; adhesive ; angry. 
 
 way (wa), n. a road; route; progres- 
 
 5te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
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way 
 
 sion ; motion ; course ; length of 
 space ; distance ; relative position or 
 motion ; tendency ; advance in life ; 
 manner ; will ; plan. 
 
 waylay ('la), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. way- 
 laid, p.pr. waylaying], to beset by 
 the road or in ambush. 
 
 wayward ('werd), adj. perverse ; fro- 
 ward. 
 
 we (we), pron.y pi. of I. 
 
 weak (wek), adj. wanting strength, 
 vigor, spirit, discernment, or wis- 
 dom ; feeble ; soft ; pliant ; unforti- 
 fied ; vacillating. 
 
 weaken ( 'n ) , v.t. to make weak ; re- 
 duce in quality or strength : v.i. to 
 become weak. 
 
 weak verb (verb), n. a verb the p.t. 
 & p.p. of which are formed by add- 
 ing ed or d. 
 
 weal (wel), n. welfare; prosperity; 
 mark of a stripe : v.t. to mark with 
 stripes. 
 
 weald (weld), n. a wood or forest ; 
 wold. 
 
 wealth (welth), n. riches; affluence. 
 
 wealthily ('i-li), adv. richly. 
 
 wealthiness ('i-nes), n. opulence. 
 
 •wealthy ('i), adj. [cowp. wealthier, 
 superl. wealthiest], rich; affluent. 
 
 wean, (wen), v.t. to accustom and 
 reconcile to a want or deprivation of 
 the breast ; alienate the affections 
 from any object or habit. 
 
 weapon (wep'n), n. any instrument 
 of offense or defense. 
 
 wear (war), v.t. [p.t. wore, p.p. worn, 
 p.pr. wearing , to impair or waste by 
 time, usage, friction, &c. ; carry as 
 covering on the body ; put (a vessel) 
 on another tack ; bear or carry : v.i. 
 to be wasted or worn by friction or 
 usage ; last under use : n. the act of 
 wearing; state of being worn. 
 
 ■wearily (wer'i-li), adv. in a weary 
 manner. 
 
 "weariness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being wearied. 
 
 wearisome ( 'i-sum ) , adj. fatiguing ; 
 tedious. 
 
 weary ('i), adj. [comp. wearier, su- 
 perl. weariest], worn out physically 
 or mentally ; having the patience ex- 
 hausted ; causing weariness ; irk- 
 some : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wearied, p.pr. 
 
 wed 
 
 wearying], to wear out or make 
 weary ; harass by something irk- 
 some : v.i. to become weary, tired or 
 fatigued ; become impatient. 
 
 weasand (we'zand), n. the windpipe. 
 
 weasel ('zel), n. a small carnivorous 
 animal with short legs and a long 
 body. 
 
 weather (weth'er), n. the state of 
 the atmosphere with respect to cold, 
 heat, wet, dryness, &c. : v.t. to ex- 
 pose to, or season by exposure to, 
 the air ; sail to the windward of ; 
 endure or resist bravely : v.i. to un- 
 dergo change by the action of the 
 weather. 
 
 weather-cock (-kok), n. a vane. 
 
 weather-gage (-gaj), n. the situa- 
 tion of a vessel when to the wind- 
 ward of another. 
 
 weather-helm (-helm), n. a term 
 applied to a vessel when she is in- 
 clined to come near to the wind. 
 
 weather-side (-sid), n. that side of 
 a vessel under sail on which the 
 wind blows. 
 
 weave (wev), v.t. to twist or inter- 
 lace, as threads, together ; form, as 
 cloth, in a loom ; compose or fabri- 
 cate : v.i. to practice weaving ; work 
 with a loom. 
 
 weazen (we'zn), n. sharp and thin; 
 withered. 
 
 web (web), n. texture of threads, or 
 thread-like materials ; anything care- 
 fully contrived ; tissue or texture ; 
 large roll of paper for newspapers ; 
 membrane uniting the fingers and 
 toes in many water-bird? and am- 
 phibians : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. webbed, 
 p.pr. webbing], to unite or surround 
 with, or as with, a web ; entangle. 
 
 webbing ('ing), n. a. narrow woven 
 fabric of cotton or flax. 
 
 wed (wed), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wedded 
 or wed, p.pr. wedding], to marry; 
 unite together : v.i. to contract mar- 
 riage. 
 
 wedding ('ing), n. marriage; nup- 
 tial ceremonies or festivities. 
 
 wedge (wej), n. a piece of wood or 
 metal, thick at one end and thin at 
 the other, used for rending or com- 
 pressing, &c. ; one of the mechanical 
 powers ; mass of metal : v.t. to 
 
 6te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
wed 
 
 wel 
 
 cleave, force, drive, or fasten, with 
 a wedge; press closely. 
 
 Wedgwood ware ('wood war), n. 
 a superior kind of semi-vitrified pot- 
 tery, invented by Josiah Wedgwood 
 (1730-95). 
 
 wedlock ('lok), n. matrimony. 
 
 Wednesday (wenz'da), n. the fourth 
 day of the week. 
 
 wee (we), adj. very small. 
 
 weed (wed), n. any plant growing 
 uncultivated or noxious to cultivated 
 crops ; anything useless or trouble- 
 some : pi. a widow's mourning gar- 
 ments ; a cigar or tobacco : v.t. to 
 free from weeds, or anything offen- 
 sive or hurtful. 
 
 weediness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
 being weedy. 
 
 ■weedy ('i), adj. pertaining to, or 
 consisting of, weeds; long-legged, 
 thin, and lank. 
 
 week (wek), n. a period of seven 
 days. 
 
 weekday ('da), n. any day of the 
 week except Sunday. 
 
 weekly ('li), adj. continuing for, or 
 produced within, or happening in, a 
 week : adv. once a week : n. [pi. 
 weeklies ('liz)], a periodical issued 
 once a week. 
 
 ween (wen), v.i. to think; fancy. 
 
 weep (wep), v.i. to express grief by 
 shedding tears : v.t. to lament ; pour 
 forth. 
 
 weeping ('ing), n. the act of shed- 
 ding tears ; discharging a liquid in 
 small drops. 
 
 weever (we'ver), n. a kind of fish. 
 
 weevil (we'vl), n. a small beetle, the 
 larvae of which are very destructive 
 to grain, &c. 
 
 weft (weft), n. the woof or piling of 
 cloth crossing the warp. 
 
 wehrwolf, same as werewolf. 
 
 weigh (wa), v.t. to ascertain the 
 weight of ; examine by the balance ; 
 reflect on carefully : v.i. to have 
 weight ; bear heavily : n. a certain 
 quantity by weight. 
 
 weight (wat), n. the quality of being 
 heavy ; gravity ; quantity of matter 
 as ascertained by the balance ; a 
 definite mass of metal for ascertain- 
 ing the . weight of other bodies ; 
 
 mass; something oppressive; pres- 
 sure ; power ; importance. 
 
 weightily ('i-li), adv. in a weighty 
 manner ; heavily ; impressively. 
 
 weightiness ('i-nes), n. heaviness; 
 importance ; force. 
 
 weighty ('i), adj. [comp. weightier, 
 superl. weightiest], having weight; 
 heavy ; ponderous ; momentous ; im- 
 portant ; serious. 
 
 weir (wer), n. a dam across a stream 
 to raise the level of the water ; en- 
 closure of twigs, &c, for catching 
 fish. 
 
 weird (werd), adj. pertaining to, or 
 connected with, fate or destiny ; su- 
 pernatural ; caused by magical influ- 
 ence : n. a spell or charm. 
 
 welcome (wel'kum), adj. received 
 with gladness or hospitality; pro- 
 ducing gladness ; free to enjoy gra- 
 tuitously : n. kind reception to a 
 guest or newcomer : v.t. to salute 
 with kindness ; receive with hospi- 
 tality. 
 
 weld (weld), v.t. to unite together by 
 hammering or fusion, as two pieces 
 of heated iron. 
 
 welfare ( wel 'f ar ), n. prosperity ; hap- 
 piness. 
 
 welkin ('kin), n, the sky. 
 
 well (wel), n. a spring or fountain; 
 shaft sunk to reach a supply of 
 water or other liquid ; something re- 
 sembling a well in shape : v.i. to flow 
 or issue forth: adv. right; justly; 
 suitably ; adequately ; favorably ; 
 far ; not a little : adj. good in condi- 
 tion or circumstances ; fortunate ; 
 sound in body ; healthy ; safe. 
 
 well-hred ('bred), adj. refined in 
 manners ; cultivated. 
 
 Wellington! a (-ing-to'ni-a), n. a 
 name for the. big trees of California. 
 
 Wellingtons ('ing-tunz), n.pl. long- 
 legged boots. 
 
 Welsh (welsh), adj. pertaining to 
 Wales, its inhabitants, or language : 
 n. the people of Wales collectively ; 
 the language of Wales. 
 
 Welsh-rabbit (-rab'it), n. melted 
 cheese spread upon toast. 
 
 welt (welt), n. a narrow strip of 
 leather around a shoe between the 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
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wel 
 
 whe 
 
 upper leather and sole : v.t. to fur- 
 nish with a welt. 
 
 welter ('er), v.t. to roll in mud or 
 foul matter ; wallow : v.t. to cause 
 to rise and fall, as waves : n. that in 
 which any person or animal welters : 
 adj. pertaining to, or noting, the 
 most heavily weighted race of a 
 meeting. 
 
 welwitsehia (-wich'i-a.), n. an Afri- 
 can plant producing only two large 
 leaves. 
 
 wen (wen), n. a fleshy and movable 
 tumor. 
 
 wench (wench), n. a young girl or 
 maiden : usually in an invidious or 
 bad sense; female colored servant. 
 
 wend (wend), v.i. to go ; pass : v.t. to 
 direct (one's way or course). 
 
 went, p.t. of go. 
 
 wept, p.t. & p.p. of weep. 
 
 were, p.t. pi. of be. 
 
 werewolf ('woolf ), n. a person trans- 
 formed into a wolf in form or appe- 
 tite, either permanently or at cer- 
 tain periods. Also werwolf. 
 
 wert, 2 per. sing, of were. 
 
 Wesleyan (wes'li-an), adj. pertain- 
 ing to John Wesley or to Wc leyan- 
 ism : n. a Wesleyan Methodist. 
 
 Wesleyanism (-izm), n. the doc- 
 trines and church polity of the sect 
 of Arminian Methodists, founded by 
 John Wesley, 1739; Methodism. 
 
 west (west), n. one of the 4 cardinal 
 points, exactly opposite the east ; 
 point where the sun appears to set : 
 adj. pertaining to, situated at, lying 
 toward, proceeding toward, or com- 
 ing from, the west : adv. towards the 
 west. 
 
 West, n. the Occident ; country or re- 
 gion lying west of any particular 
 place. 
 
 western ('era), adj. tending to, or 
 passing toward, the west. 
 
 Western, adj. of or pertaining to the 
 Occident or to a western region or 
 country. 
 
 westward ('werd), adv. towards the 
 west. Also westwards. 
 
 wet (wet), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wetted or 
 wet, p.pr. wetting] , to make wet ; 
 saturate or moisten with water or 
 some other liquid : n. water ; mois- 
 
 ture ; rainy or misty weather ; a 
 drink : adj. containing, consisting of, 
 or soaked with, water or some other 
 liquid ; very damp ; rainy or misty. 
 
 wether (wef/i/er), n. a castrated ram. 
 
 wetness (wet'nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being wet; humidity; 
 moisture. 
 
 wet-nurse ( r ners), n. a nurse who 
 suckles the child of another. 
 
 wey (wa), n. sl unit of weight or 
 measure, varying with different arti- 
 cles. 
 
 whack (hwak), n. a smart resounding 
 blow ; large piece : v.t. to strike with 
 a smart resounding blow. 
 
 whacker ('er), n. one who whacks; 
 something very large, especially a lie. 
 
 whale (hwal), n. a large mammal of 
 the Cetacea, many species of which 
 yield oil and whalebone; a fish of 
 great size. 
 
 wharf (hwawrf), n. [pi. wharfs or 
 wharves ( hwawrf s, hwawrvz)], a 
 quay or erection on the shore of a 
 harbor, river, &c, for discharging or 
 taking in cargoes, passengers, &c. 
 
 wharfinger ('in-jer), n. the owner 
 of a wharf. 
 
 what (hwot), pron. that which; the 
 thing that; how great; something: 
 adj. of what sort, character, &c. 
 
 whatnot ('not), n. an article of fur- 
 niture with shelves for books, orna- 
 ments, &c. 
 
 wheal (hwel), n, a weal. 
 
 wheat (hwet), n. an annual cereal 
 grain from which flour is manufac- 
 tured. 
 
 wheatear ('er), n. a small migratory 
 singing bird, with a conspicuous 
 white patch at the base of its tail. 
 
 wheat en ('n), adj. made of wheat. 
 
 wheedle (hwe'dl), v.t. to entice with 
 flattering words ; cajole ; coax. 
 
 wheel (hwel), n. a circular frame or 
 solid piece of wood or metal turning 
 on its own axis ; any wheel-shaped 
 mechanical contrivance ; an old in- 
 strument of torture; a circular re- 
 volving firework : v.t. to cause to 
 rotate ; convey on wheels : v.i. to 
 turn on, or as on, an axis. 
 
 wheeler ( 'er ) , n. one who wheels ; 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
whe 
 
 whi 
 
 the horse nearest to the wheels of a 
 carriage. 
 
 wheelman ('man), n. [pi. wheelmen 
 ('men)], a cyclist; a steersman. 
 
 wheelwright ('rit), n. a maker of 
 wheels and wheeled carriages. 
 
 wheeze (hwez), v.i. to breathe hard 
 and audibly : n. a puffing or blowing, 
 as in labored breathing. 
 
 wheezing ('ing), n. the act of breath- 
 ing hard and audibly. 
 
 wheezy ('i), adj. affected with wheez- 
 ing. 
 
 whelk (hwelk), n. a large marine 
 gasteropod. 
 
 whelm (hwelm), v.t. to overwhelm. 
 
 whelp (hwelp), n. the young of a 
 dog, lion, fox, &c. ; cub : v.i. to bring 
 forth young : said of the female of 
 certain animals, as the dog. 
 
 when (hwen), adv. at, or after, the 
 time that; at what time; although. 
 
 whence (hwens), adv. from what 
 place, source, or origin ; how. 
 
 where (hwar), adv. at which place 
 or places ; whither. 
 
 whereas (-az'), adv. when in fact or 
 truth ; since. 
 
 wherefore ('for), adv. for which or 
 what reason ; why. 
 
 wherry (hwer'i), n. a light, shallow 
 boat, sharp at both ends ; small- 
 decked fishing-vessel ; liquor made 
 from the juice of crab-apples after 
 the verjuice is expressed. 
 
 Whet (hwet), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. whet- 
 ted, p.pr. whetting], to sharpen, es- 
 pecially by rubbing or friction ; 
 stimulate. 
 
 whether (hwef/i'er), pron. which of 
 two: con), which of two alterna- 
 tives (followed by or). 
 
 whetstone (hwet'ston), n. a stone 
 for sharpening edged tools, &c. 
 
 whey (hwa), n. the thin, sweet, 
 watery part of milk, after separa- 
 tion from the curd. 
 
 which (hwich), pron. a word of in- 
 terrogation in all genders ; the rela- 
 tive serving as the neuter of who. 
 
 whiff (hwif), n. a sudden breath of 
 air, smoke, &c, as from the mouth ; 
 light puff ; kind of outrigged boat : 
 vjt. to puff or emit in whiffs. 
 
 whiffle ('1), v.i. to veer about like 
 
 the wind; be fickle or unsteady; 
 prevaricate. 
 
 whiffletree, same as swingletree. 
 
 whiffling ('ling), n. evasion; prevar- 
 ication. 
 
 Whig (hwig), n. one of a political 
 party in the United States that fa- 
 vored a protective tariff, and was 
 succeeded by the present Republican 
 party; one of a political party 
 which originated in the 17th century, 
 now called the Liberal party : adj. 
 pertaining to Whigs. 
 
 while (hwil), n. space of time; dura- 
 tion : conj. during the time that : 
 v.t. to cause to pass ; spend : usually 
 followed by away. 
 
 whilom (hwi'lom), adv. formerly; 
 long ago. 
 
 whilst (hwilst), adv. while. 
 
 whim (hwim), n. a capricious fancy; 
 freak ; notion. 
 
 whimper ('per), v.t. to utter in a 
 low, whining or crying tone : v.i. to 
 cry with a low, whining, broken 
 voice. 
 
 whimsical ('zi-kal), adj. full of 
 whims ; fantastical ; odd in appear- 
 ance. 
 
 whimsically (-i), adv. in a whimsi- 
 cal manner. 
 
 whin (hwin), n. a wild, prickly plant 
 of the genus Ulex ; furze. 
 
 whin-chat ('chat), n. a small sing- 
 ing bird. 
 
 whine (hwin), v.i. to express sorrow 
 by a plaintive cry ; murmur- in an 
 unmanly manner : n. a plaintive 
 tone ; mean or affected complaint. 
 
 whining ('ing), adj. expressing mur- 
 murs by a mean, plaintive, or cant- 
 ing tone. 
 
 whinny (hwin'i), v.i. to utter a 
 sound like the cry of a horse : n. the 
 act of whinnying : adj. abounding in 
 whins or furze. 
 
 whinstone (hwin'ston), n. a miner's 
 term for hard, resisting rock. 
 
 whip (hwip),v.f. [p.t. & p.p. whipped, 
 or whipt, p.pr. whipping] to strike 
 or punish with a lash or some other 
 instrument of punishment or correc- 
 tion ; flog ; lash with sarcasm ; beat 
 into a froth ; beat out ; sew lightly ; 
 fish in with a rod and artificial fly : 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
whi 
 
 whi 
 
 v.i. to move nimbly ; start suddenly 
 and run : n. an instrument for 
 driving horses or other animals or 
 for correction ; coachman or driver ; 
 whipper-in ; endless line used for 
 saving life in shipwreck ; small 
 tackle with a single rope for hoist- 
 ing ; a member of the British Parlia- 
 ment whose duty it is to summon 
 the members of his party to impor- 
 tant divisions ; the summons issued. 
 
 whipper ('er), n. one who whips, 
 especially an officer who inflicts the 
 penalty of legal flogging; coal- 
 whipper. 
 
 whipper-in (-er-in'), n. a huntsman 
 who keeps the hounds in restraint. 
 
 whipping ('ing), n. the act of pun- 
 ishing with the lash or rod. 
 
 whippoorwill ( hwip'per-wil ) , n. a 
 small American bird, named from 
 its cry. 
 
 whir (hwer) v.i. [p.t. & p.p. whirred, 
 p.pr. whirring], to revolve quickly 
 with a whizzing noise: n. a whiz- 
 zing noise. 
 
 whirl (hwerl), v.t. to turn round 
 rapidly : v.i. to turn or move round 
 with velocity ; move along swiftly : 
 n. a turning with velocity ; rapid ro- 
 tation or whirling motion. 
 
 whirligig ('i-gig), n. a child's toy 
 which is whirled or spun round. 
 
 whirlpool ('pool), n. a body of 
 water moving with a circular motion 
 forming a vortex or gulf. 
 
 whirlwind ('wind), n. a violent 
 wind moving spirally; sudden vio- 
 lent rush. 
 
 whisk (hwisk), v.t. to sweep or stir 
 rapidly ; move, or carry off, nimbly : 
 v.i. to move rapidly and nimbly : n. 
 the act of whisking; small bundle 
 of grass, hair, &c, used as a brush ; 
 small instrument used for beating or 
 whisking, especially eggs. 
 
 whiskers ('erz), n. pi. the hair on a 
 man's cheeks; the bristly hairs on 
 the upper lip of a cat, &c. 
 
 whisky (hwis'ki), n. an intoxicant 
 distilled from barley, rye, &c. Also 
 Whiskey. 
 
 whisper ('per), v.i. to speak in a low 
 voice or as not to be overheard : v.t. 
 to say under the breath : n. a low, 
 
 soft tone of voice audible only to the 
 listener ; suggestion or insinuation. 
 
 whist (hwist), n. a card game: in- 
 ter j. hush ! 
 
 whistle ( hwis'l ) , v.i. to make a shrill 
 sound by forcing the breath through 
 the contracted lips; utter a shrill 
 sound : v.t. to call or signal by a 
 whistle : n. the shrill noise of one 
 who whistles ; small wind-instru- 
 ment ; throat. 
 
 whistler ('ler), n. one who whistles ; 
 broken-winded horse ; one who keeps 
 an unlicensed dram-shop. 
 
 whit (hwit), n. the smallest particle. 
 
 white (hwit), adj. being without col- 
 or or of the hue of pure snow ; hence 
 pure ; innocent ; having silvery hair ; 
 hoary : n. a white man ; albumen of 
 an egg : v.t. to whitewash. 
 
 whitebait ('bat), n. a small, delicate 
 fish. 
 
 whitecap ('kap), n. a redstart; one 
 of a self-constituted tribunal of per- 
 sons who visit the houses of offend- 
 ers against morality and punish 
 them by whipping. 
 
 white-feather ('feth-er), n. cow- 
 ardice. 
 
 white friar (fri'er), n. a Carmelite 
 monk. 
 
 White House (hous), n. the official 
 residence at Washington of the 
 United States President. 
 
 white-lie ('II), n. pious fraud. 
 
 white-livered ('liv-erd), adj. cow- 
 ardly. 
 
 whiten ('en), v.t. to make white; 
 blanch. 
 
 white-precipitate (-pre-sip'i-tat) , n. 
 ammonia compounded with corrosive 
 sublimate. 
 
 white-pyrites (-pi-rl'tez), n. a sul- 
 phuret of iron. 
 
 white-smith ('smith), «. a tinsmith. 
 
 white-squall ('skwawl), w. a squall 
 not preceded by clouds. 
 
 white-swelling ('swel-ing), n. a 
 scrofulous inflammation about the 
 joints. 
 
 white-throat ('throt), n. a small 
 migratory singing-bird. 
 
 white-vitriol ('vit-ri-ol) , n. sulphate 
 of zinc. 
 
 whitewash ('wosh), n. a composi- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think* then. 
 
whi 
 
 wid 
 
 tion of lime, whiting, size, water, 
 &c, for whitening ceilings, &c. : v.t. 
 to whiten with whitewash ; clear 
 from imputation or disgrace ; clear 
 (a bankrupt) from his obligations 
 by judicial process. 
 
 white- wine ('win), n. a name for 
 wines of a clear, transparent color. 
 
 white wood ('wood), n. tulip-tree 
 wood. 
 
 whither (hwith'er), adv. to what 
 place ; to what ; how far. 
 
 whiting (hwit'ing), n. pulverized 
 chalk cleansed from impurities ; an 
 edible fish. 
 
 whitlow (hwit'lo), n. a sore about 
 the quick of the nail ; felon ; a foot 
 disease in sheep. 
 
 Whitsun ('sun), adj. pertaining to, 
 or observed at, Whitsuntide, or the 
 season of Pentecost. 
 
 Whitsunday ('sun-da), n. the sev- 
 enth Sunday after Easter, commem- 
 orating the day of Pentecost. 
 
 whittle (hwit'l), v.t. to cut, dress, or 
 sharpen with a knife ; reduce bit by 
 bit. 
 
 -whiz (hwiz), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. whizzed, 
 p.pr. whizzing], to make a humming 
 or hissing noise : n. a humming or 
 hissing noise. 
 
 who (hoo), pron. referring to one or 
 more persons : used relatively and 
 interrogatively. 
 
 whoever (-ev'er), pron. every one 
 who ; whatever person. 
 
 whole (hoi), adj. containing all; 
 complete ; not defective ; hale and 
 sound ; unbroken. 
 
 wholesale ('sal), n. sale of goods by 
 the piece or in large quantity : adj. 
 buying or selling in large quantities. 
 
 wholesome ( 'sum ) , adj. sound ; pro- 
 moting or favoring morals, religion, 
 or prosperity; salubrious; salutary. 
 
 wholesomely (-li), adv. in a whole- 
 some manner. 
 
 wholesomeness (-nes), n. the state 
 or quality of being wholesome. 
 
 wholly (ho'li), adv. entirely; exclu- 
 sively. 
 
 whom (hoom) , pron. objective of who. 
 
 whoop (hoop), v.i. to utter a loud, 
 shrill, and prolonged cry ; shout : n. 
 a loud shout of, or as of, pursuit or 
 attack. 
 
 whooping-cough ('ing-kof), n. sl 
 violent, convulsive cough, character- 
 ized by its whooping sound. 
 
 whop (hwop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
 whopped, p.pr. whopping], to thrash 
 or beat : v.i. to fall down suddenly : 
 n. a blow or fall. 
 
 whopper ('er), n. something unusu- 
 ally large ; a monstrous lie. 
 
 whore (hor), n. a female who prosti- 
 tutes her body for hire ; prostitute ; 
 adulteress : v.i. to fornicate ; prac- 
 tice idolatry. 
 
 whoredom ( 'dum ) , n. fornication ; 
 idolatry. 
 
 whorl (hwerl or hwSrl), n. any set 
 of organs or appendages arranged in 
 a circle round an axis, as flowers or 
 leaves ; turn of the spire of a uni- 
 valve shell ; fly of a spindle. 
 
 whorled (hwerld), adj. furnished 
 with whorls. 
 
 whortleberry (hwer'tl-ber-i), n. a 
 small shrub and its edible blue fruit. 
 
 whose (hooz), pron. poss. of who or 
 which. 
 
 why (hwl), adv. for what cause, rea- 
 son, or purpose : inter j. used em- 
 phatically : n. the reason or cause. 
 
 wick (wik), n. the cotton or 'sub- 
 stance of a candle or lamp which 
 supplies the flame. 
 
 wicked ('ed), adj. evil in principle 
 or practice ; sinful ; immoral ; rogu- 
 ish. 
 
 wicker ('er), n. a pliant osier: adj. 
 made of plaited osiers. 
 
 wicket ('et), n. a small gate; the 
 three upright stumps in cricket at 
 which the ball is bowled. 
 
 wide (wld), adj. extended far each 
 way; broad; vast; very capacious; 
 failing to hit the mark : adv. to a 
 great distance ; far apart : n. a ball 
 bowled outside the bowling-crease. 
 
 widely ('li), adv. extensively. 
 
 widen ( 'en ) , v.t . to make wide ; throw 
 open : v.i. to enlarge. 
 
 wideness ('nes), n. width; breadth. 
 
 widow (wid'o), n. a woman bereaved 
 of her husband and remaining un- 
 married: v.t. to bereave of a hus- 
 band. 
 
 widower (-er), n. a man bereaved of 
 his wife and remaining unmarried. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
wid 
 
 win 
 
 width (width), n. extent of a thing 
 from side to side. 
 
 wield (weld), v.t. to use or employ 
 with the hand ; control or sway ; 
 handle. 
 
 wife (wlf), n. [pi. wives (wivz)], a 
 woman united in lawful wedlock to 
 a man ; woman in some humble em- 
 ployment. 
 
 wifely ('li), adv. like, or becoming, a 
 wife. 
 
 wig (wig), n. false hair worn on the 
 head. 
 
 wigan ('an), n. a kind of canvas-like 
 cotton fabric. 
 
 wigged (wigd), adj. wearing a wig. 
 
 wigging (wig'ing), n. a scolding. 
 
 wiggle, same as wriggle. 
 
 wight (wit), n. a human being. 
 
 wigwag (wig' wag), n. a signaling 
 flag: v.t. & v.i. to communicate by 
 means of a wigwag ; to wave to and 
 fro. 
 
 wigwam (wig'wawm), n. an Indian 
 hut. 
 
 wild (wild), adj. living in a state of 
 nature ; untamed ; uncultivated ; na- 
 tive ; savage ; violent ; passionate ; 
 unreasonable ; disorderly ; reckless : 
 n. a desert. 
 
 wilderness (wil'der-nes), n. a region 
 or tract of land uncultivated and un- 
 inhabited; desert. 
 
 wildcat (wild'kat), adj. unsafe; spec- 
 ulative ; running without control. 
 
 wile (wil), n. a sly artifice; trick: 
 v.t. to cause to pass pleasantly (with 
 away) ; cajole [Scotch]. 
 
 wilful ('fool), adj. governed by the 
 will without regard to reason ; stub- 
 born ; inflexible. 
 
 wilfully (-i), adv. stubbornly; on 
 purpose. 
 
 will (wil), n. the faculty of the mind 
 by which one choose or determines ; 
 command ; pleasure ; divine deter- 
 mination; choice; desire; feeling 
 towards ; legal disposition of one's 
 property at death : v.i. to exercise 
 the will ; decree : v.t. to determine in 
 the mind ; command ; direct ; be- 
 queath. 
 
 willet ('et), n. a bird allied to the 
 snipe. 
 
 willing ('ing), adj. inclined to do or 
 
 grant ; complying ; spontaneous ; vol- 
 ultary. 
 
 willow ('o), n. a tree of the genus 
 Salix. 
 
 wilt, 2 per. sing, of will. 
 
 Wilton carpet (wil'tun kar'pet), n. 
 a kind of imitation Brussels. 
 
 wily (wi-li), adj. cunning; crafty. 
 
 wimple (wim'pl), n. a kind of silk or 
 linen headcovering formerly worn by 
 women, and still retained by nuns. 
 
 win (win), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. won, p.pr. 
 winning], to gain by superiority in 
 a contest or competition ; gain or 
 obtain ; bring over to one's party ; 
 render friendly or favorable : v.i. to 
 be successful ; triumph. 
 
 wince (wins), v.i. to twist or turn as 
 in pain or uneasiness ; shrink ; kick : 
 n. the act of wincing. 
 
 wincey (win'si), n. linsey-woolsey. 
 
 winch (winch), n. the crank of a 
 wheel or axle. 
 
 Winchester ( win'ches-ter) , n. a light 
 repeating rifle. 
 
 wind (wind), n. air in perceptible 
 motion ; lungs ; power of respira- 
 tion; breath; flatulence; anything 
 insignificant or light as wind ; idle 
 words : v.t. to ventilate ; scent with 
 the nose, as hounds ; render scant of 
 breath ; allow to rest, as a horse, in 
 order to let him recover breath : v.i. 
 (wind) to turn round something; 
 twist ; meander : v.t. to coil or en- 
 circle. 
 
 windage (wind'aj), n. the difference 
 between the diameter of the bore of 
 a gun and of a shot or shell ; deflec- 
 tion of a missile caused by the wind. 
 
 windfall ('fawl), n. fruit blown 
 down by the wind ; unexpected good 
 fortune. 
 
 windflower ('flou-er), n. the anem- 
 one. 
 
 windhover ('hov-er), n. the kestrel. 
 
 windiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being windy; flatulence; 
 verbosity. 
 
 winding (wind'ing), n. turning; 
 twisting. 
 
 winding sheet (-shet), n. a cere- 
 cloth. 
 
 windlass (wind'las), n. a horizontal 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
win 
 
 wis 
 
 cylinder or roller by means of which 
 heavy weights, &c, are raised. 
 
 window (win'do), n. an aperture, 
 usually glazed, in a building to ad- 
 mit light ; frame in such an opening ; 
 anything resembling a window. 
 
 windpipe (wind'pip), n. the trachea. 
 
 windward (wind'werd), n. the direc- 
 tion from which the wind blows : 
 adv. toward the wind: adj. on the 
 side toward the point from which 
 the wind blows. 
 
 windy ('i), adj. [comp. windier, su- 
 perl. windiest], pertaining to, like, 
 or consisting of, wind ; boisterous ; 
 windward; exposed to the wind; 
 flatulent; empty. 
 
 wine (win), n. the fermented juice of 
 grapes ; liquor made from the juice 
 of certain fruits ; intoxication ; wine 
 party. 
 
 wing (wing), n. one of the two an- 
 terior limbs of a bird, or insect, by 
 which it flies ; anything resembling a 
 wing; passage by the wing; flight; 
 side of a building, army, fleet, &c. ; 
 care or protection: v.t. to furnish 
 with, or as with, wings ; transport 
 by flight; supply with side-pieces; 
 wound in the wing : v.i. to fly. 
 
 wink (wingk), v.i. to close and open 
 the eyelids with a quick motion; 
 hint by the motion of the eyelids; 
 connive ; tolerate : n. act of winking ; 
 hint given. 
 
 winking ('ing), n. the act of shut- 
 ting and opening the eyes rapidly; 
 act of conniving. 
 
 winner (win'er), n. one who wins. 
 
 winning ('ing), adj, adapted to gain 
 favor ; attractive ; charming : n.pl. 
 money gained in any contest or 
 game. 
 
 winnow ('6), v.t. to separate and 
 drive the chaff from (grain) by the 
 wind; fan; sift or examine: v.i. to 
 separate chaff from grain. 
 
 winsome ('sum), adj. attractive; 
 pretty. 
 
 winter ('ter), n. the cold season of 
 the year; period or condition re- 
 sembling winter: v.i. to pass the 
 winter; hibernate: v.t. to feed or 
 maintain during the winter. 
 
 winter-solstice ('ter-sol-stis), n. the 
 
 solstice when the sun enters Capri- 
 corn, about December 21. 
 
 wipe (wlp), v.t. to rub or dust the 
 surface of with something soft ; dry 
 by rubbing ; cleanse, as from abuses ; 
 obliterate (with out) : n. act of 
 cleansing by rubbing ; blow or crush- 
 ing repartee ; the lapwing. 
 
 wire (wir), n. a metallic thread of 
 uniform diameter ; telegraph wire ; 
 telegram : v.t. to bind, or snare, with 
 wire ; telegraph : v.i. to send a tele- 
 gram. 
 
 wireless (wir'les), n. a wireless tele- 
 gram ; a message sent without wires. 
 
 wireless telegraphy (te-leg'ra-fi), 
 n. electric telegraphy without the 
 aid of wires to conduct the current. 
 
 wire-pulling ('pool-ing), n. secret 
 influence or intrigue, especially for 
 political purposes. 
 
 wiriness ('i-nes) , n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being wiry. 
 
 wiry ('i), adj. made of, or like, wire; 
 strong and flexible ; lean and sinewy. 
 
 wisdom (wiz'dom), n. knowledge 
 practically applied to the best ends; 
 natural sagacity; prudence; skill in 
 affairs ; piety. 
 
 wisdom-tooth (-tooth) , n. the name 
 popularly given to the third molar 
 in each jaw, appearing between the 
 ages of 17 and 25. 
 
 wise (wiz), adj. judging correctly 
 from experience ; possessing wisdom ; 
 skilful ; learned ; discreet ; contain- 
 ing, or directed by, wisdom : suffico 
 denoting manner or mode of acting. 
 
 wiseacre ('a-ker), n. a would-be wise 
 person ; pretender to learning. 
 
 wisely ('li), adv. in a wise manner. 
 
 wish (wish), v.i. to have a strong de- 
 sire: v.t. to desire or long for; ex- 
 press desire for : n. strong or eager 
 desire ; thing desired. 
 
 wishing ('ing), n. a wish. 
 
 wishing-bone (-bon), n. the merry- 
 thought. Also wishbone. 
 
 wish-wash ('wosh), n. thin, weak 
 liquor. 
 
 wisp (wisp), n. a handful or small 
 bundle, as of straw or hay. 
 
 wistful (wist'fool), adj. sadly long- 
 ing; pensive. 
 
 wistfully (-i), adv. in a wistful 
 manner. 
 
 lite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
wis 
 
 wistiti (wis'te-te), n. the marmoset. 
 
 wit ( wit ) , v.i. to know : n. knowledge ; 
 intellect or mental faculties ; sagac- 
 ity ; talent ; ingenuity ; power of 
 combining ideas with ludicrous ef- 
 fect ; one who possesses wit ; humor- 
 ist. 
 
 ■witch (wich), n. a woman supposed 
 to have formed a compact with evil 
 spirits, by whose means she possessed 
 supernatural powers ; sorceress ; fas- 
 cinating young woman : v.t. to be- 
 witch ; enchant. 
 
 witchcraft ('kraft), n. the practice 
 of witches ; supernatural or magical 
 powers. 
 
 witchery ('er-i), n. witchcraft; fas- 
 cination. 
 
 witch-hazel ('ha-zel), n. a shrub or 
 small tree of the genus Hamamelis. 
 
 "witching, same as bewitching. 
 
 with (with), prep, denoting nearness 
 or connection : prefix meaning oppo- 
 sition, departure, privation, as with- 
 stand, withhold, &c. 
 
 withe (with), n. a tough flexible twig, 
 especially of willow; band of twigs 
 twisted together. 
 
 wither (with'er), v.t. to cause to fade 
 and become dry ; decay : v.i. to be- 
 come sapless. 
 
 withers (with'erz), 71.pl. the highest 
 part of a horse's back, between the 
 shoulder-blades. 
 
 within ('in), prep, inside; in reach 
 of: adv. inwardly. 
 
 withy (with'i), n. a large species of 
 willow ; twig : adj. flexible and tough. 
 
 witness (wit'nes), n. attestation of a 
 fact or event ; testimony ; evidence : 
 n. one who sees or has personal 
 knowledge of anything ; one who at- 
 tests : v.t. to have direct knowledge 
 of ; see ; give testimony to ; see the 
 execution of (a document) and sub- 
 scribe it : v.i. to give evidence. 
 
 witted (wit'ed), p. adj. having wit or 
 understanding. 
 
 witticism ('i-sizm), n. a witty re- 
 mark. 
 
 wittiness ('i-nes) f n. the quality of 
 being witty. 
 
 wittingly ('ing-li), adv. with knowl- 
 edge ~ 
 
 witty ( r i), adj. [comp. wittier, superl. 
 
 wittiest], smartly or cleverly face- 
 tious ; characterized by, or possessed 
 of, wit ; satirical. 
 
 wive (wiv), v.t. to provide with a 
 wife : v.i. to marry. 
 
 wizard (wiz'erd), n. one supposed to 
 possess supernatural powers, usually 
 from the Evil One ; enchanter ; sor- 
 cerer ; conjurer. 
 
 wizen ('en), adj. dried up; shriveled : 
 v.i. & v.t. to dry up or shrivel. 
 
 woad (wod), n. sl plant yielding a 
 blue dye. 
 
 woe (wo), n. sorrow; grief; misery. 
 
 wofnl ('fool), adj. full of, or express- 
 ing, woe ; sad ; mean. Also woeful. 
 
 wofully (-\),adv. in a woful manner. 
 
 wold (wold), n. a forest or wood; 
 plain or open country : pi. a hilly 
 district. 
 
 wolf (woolf ),n. [pi. wolves (woolvz) ], 
 a fierce carnivorous animal of the 
 dog kind : hence a person noted for 
 rapacity or cruelty. 
 
 wolfish ('ish), adj. like a wolf; rav- 
 enously hungry. 
 
 wolf's-bane ( woolf s'ban), n. aconite. 
 
 wolf's-foot ('foot), n. club-moss. 
 
 wolverene (wool-ver-en'), n. a car- 
 nivorous quadruped; the glutton. 
 Wolverine. 
 
 woman (woom'an), n. [pi. women 
 (wim'en)], an adult person of the 
 female sex ; female attendant ; wife. 
 
 womanhood (-hood), n. the state, 
 character, or collective qualities of a 
 woman. 
 
 womanish (-ish), adj. suitable to, 
 characteristic of, or having the qpal- 
 ities of, a woman ; effeminate. 
 
 womankind (-kind), n. women col- 
 lectively ; women of one's household. 
 
 -womb (woom), n. the uterus of a fe- 
 male; place where anything is pro- 
 duced ; large or deep cavity : v.t. to 
 breed in secret. 
 
 wombat (wom'bat), n. a nocturnal, 
 burrowing, Australian marsupial. 
 
 won, pj. & p.p. of win. 
 
 wonder (wun'der), n. the state of 
 mind produced by anything ^ new, 
 strange, unexpected, or surprising ; 
 astonishment ; cause of wonder ; mar- 
 vel ; miracle ; prodigy : v.i. to feel 
 wonder ; be astonished at. 
 
 fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
wonderful (-fool), adj. exciting won- 
 der ; strange. Also wondrous. 
 
 wonderfully (-i), adv. in a worider- 
 ful manner. 
 
 wonga (wong'ga),w. a large Austral- 
 ian pigeon. 
 
 wont (wunt), adj. used or accus- 
 tomed : n. habit or custom. 
 
 wonted ('ed), adj. habitual; usual. 
 
 woo (woo), v.t. to solicit in love; in- 
 vite with importunity : v.i. to court. 
 
 wood (wood), n. a large and thick 
 collection of growing trees ; solid 
 part of trees ; trunk of trees sawn 
 for use. 
 
 Woodbury type (-ber-i-tip), n. sl 
 photo-mechanical process for print- 
 ing pictures from blocks. 
 
 woodcock ('kok), n. sl wild fowl al- 
 lied to the snipe. 
 
 wooden ('n), adj. made, or consist- 
 ing of, wood ; produced as from 
 wood; stiff; awkward; expression- 
 less. 
 
 woodiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being woody. 
 
 woodman ('man), n. a forest officer; 
 forester ; one who fells timber ; a 
 hunter. 
 
 woodpecker ('pek-er), n. a bird that 
 taps the trunks of trees to discover 
 insects. 
 
 woodruff ('ruf), n. an herb. 
 
 woody ('i), adj. abounding in woods ; 
 consisting of, or composed of, or 
 like, wood. 
 
 wooer (woo'er), n. one who woos. 
 
 woof (woof), n. the weft or cross- 
 threads in weaving ; texture. 4 
 
 wooing (woo'ing), adj. courting: n. 
 the act of soliciting in love. 
 
 wool (wool), n. the soft fine hair 
 which covers sheep, goats, &c. ; fine 
 fiber resembling wool ; soft, thick 
 hair. 
 
 wool-gathering (-ga#7i'er-ing), adj. 
 indulgence of idle fancies. 
 
 woolen ('en), adj. made of wool: n. 
 cloth made of wool : pi. woolen goods. 
 
 woolliness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being woolly. 
 
 woolly ('0, adj. consisting of, like, or 
 clothed with, wool. 
 
 woolpack ('pak), n. a bale of wool, 
 240 lbs. 
 
 woolsack ('sak), n. a sack of wool; 
 the Lord Chancellor's seat in the 
 British House of Lords. 
 
 -wool-staple ('sta-pl), n. the city or 
 town where wool used to be brought 
 to the king's staple to be sold. 
 
 wool-stapler ('sta-pler), n. a dealer 
 in wool. 
 
 wootz (wootz), n. a very fine kind of 
 steel imported from India, used for 
 edged tools. 
 
 word (werd), n. an articulate sound, 
 or combination of sounds expressing 
 an idea ; constituent part of a sen- 
 tence ; tidings ; message or commu- 
 nication ; declaration ; promise : pi. 
 language ; speech ; conversation ; dis- 
 pute : v.t. to express in words ; 
 phrase. 
 
 Word, n. the Son of God ; Holy Scrip- 
 ture. 
 
 word-book ('book), n. a vocabulary. 
 
 word-building ('bil-ding), n. the 
 formation or composition of words. 
 
 worded ('ed), adj. expressed in words. 
 
 wordiness ('i-nes), n. verbosity. 
 
 wording ('ing), n. the manner in 
 which anything is expressed in 
 words. 
 
 word-painting ('pant-ing), n. the 
 description of an event, &c, in vivid, 
 realistic language. 
 
 wordy ('i), adj. pertaining to, con- 
 sisting of, or containing many, 
 words; verbose. 
 
 wore, p.i. of wear. 
 
 work (werk), n. physical or intellec- 
 tual effort directed to some end ; re- 
 sult of work ; labor ; employment ; 
 duty ; a production of an art or sci- 
 ence ; causing of motion against a 
 resisting body : pi. moving parts of a 
 mechanism ; industrial manufactur- 
 ing establishment ; structures in civil 
 or military engineering ; moral du- 
 ties as external to faith : v.i. to be 
 occupied in business or labor ; per- 
 form ; act ; be in a state of severe 
 exertion ; ferment : v.t. to make by 
 labor; influence or effect; excite; 
 manage or carry out; sew or em- 
 broider. 
 
 workhouse ('hous), n. a poorhOuse ; 
 a house where convicts are confined 
 to labor. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
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world (werld), n. the earth and its 
 inhabitants ; whole system of created 
 things ; universe ; present state of 
 existence ; people generally ; public 
 life or society ; secular life ; sphere 
 or domain ; very much. 
 
 worldliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
 being addicted to gain and temporal 
 pleasures. 
 
 worldling ('ling), n. one who is de- 
 voted to the pleasures and advan- 
 tages of the present. 
 
 worldly ('li), adj. pertaining to, or 
 devoted to, this life and its enjoy- 
 ments and advantages. 
 
 worm (werm), )n. any small creep- 
 ing animal entirely destitute of feet, 
 or having very short ones ; anything 
 that gnaws or torments the mind ; 
 thread of a screw ; spiral pipe in a 
 still or condenser ; a groveling, de- 
 based creature: v.i. to work slowly, 
 secretly, and gradually : v.t. to un- 
 dermine by slow and secret means. 
 
 worm-wheel ('hwel), n. a wheel 
 working into the spiral of a screw. 
 
 wormwood ('wood), n. the bitter 
 plant Absinthium, used as a power- 
 ful tonic ; source of bitterness. 
 
 worn, p.p. of wear. 
 
 worried (wur'id), adj. harassed; 
 tired. 
 
 worrier ('i-er), n. one who worries. 
 
 worriment ('i-ment), n. anxiety; 
 trouble. 
 
 worrisome ('i-sum), adj. causing 
 worry. 
 
 worry ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. worried, 
 p.pr. worrying], to tear or mangle 
 with the teeth ; harass with anxiety 
 or care ; vex or annoy ; tease : v.i. to 
 feel or express undue anxiety ; be 
 fretful ; fight, as dogs : n. harassing 
 trouble ; anxiety ; perplexity. 
 
 worse (wers), adj. [comp. of bad] : 
 n. loss ; defeat ; inferior state or con- 
 dition : adv. bad in a greater degree. 
 
 worship (wer'ship), n. in England, a 
 title of honor used in addressing cer- 
 tain magistrates, especially mayors ; 
 act of paying divine honor to God : 
 v.t. to pay divine honors, or religious 
 service, to ; reverence with great re- 
 spect : v.i. to perform acts of hom- 
 age or adoration, especially religious 
 service. 
 
 worshipful (-fool), adj. claiming or 
 worthy of respect or honor : a term 
 of respect. 
 
 ■worshiper (-er), n. one who wor- 
 ships. 
 
 worst (werst), adj. superl. of bad; 
 bad or evil in the highest degree ; 
 most severe or dangerous : adv. 
 worse than all others: n. the most 
 evil or calamitous state : v.t. to get 
 the advantage of in a contest ; over- 
 throw ; defeat. 
 
 worsted (woos'ted), n. twisted thread 
 spun out of woolen yarn : adj. made 
 of worsted. 
 
 wort (wert), n. the saccharine infu- 
 sion of malt which ferments and 
 makes beer ; an herb. 
 
 worth (werth) , n. value ; price ; moral 
 excellence : adj. equal in value to ; 
 having estate or wealth to the value 
 of; deserving of. 
 
 worthily (wer'£7ri-li), adv. in a wor- 
 thy manner; justly. 
 
 worthiness (-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being worthy ; excellence. 
 
 worthless (werth'les), adj. having 
 no value, virtue, or excellence ; mor- 
 ally bad ; contemptible. 
 
 worthy {'tin), adj. [comp. worthier, 
 superl. worthiest], having worth or 
 excellence ; estimable : n. a man of 
 eminent worth. 
 
 would, p.t. of will. 
 
 would-be (wood'be), adj. pretending, 
 or desirous of being thought to be: 
 n. a vain pretender. 
 
 wound ( woond or wound) , n. a breach 
 of the skin and flesh given to an ani- 
 mal body by violence ; hurt ; injury : 
 v.t. to make a wound in ; lacerate ; 
 injure; hurt the feeling of: p.t. & 
 p.p. of wind (wound). 
 
 wove, p.t. of weave. 
 
 woven, p.p. of weave. 
 
 wow- wow (wou'wou), n. a Javanese 
 ape. 
 
 wrack (rak), n. seaweed cast ashore; 
 ruin ; destruction ; a thin, flying 
 cloud. 
 
 wraith (rath), n. the supposed ghost 
 of a person in his exact likeness seen 
 immediately before, or at the time of 
 his death [Scotch]. 
 
 wrangle (rang'gl), v.i. to dispute an- 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
wra 
 
 grily or noisily : n. an angry or 
 noisy dispute. 
 
 wrangler ('gler), n. one who wran- 
 gles ; an angry or noisy disputant. 
 
 wrap (rap), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wrapped 
 (wrapt), p.pr. wrapping], to roll or 
 wind together ; cover with something 
 rolled around ; involve ; conceal by 
 enveloping : n. a wrapper, shawl, or 
 rug. 
 
 wrapper ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, wraps ; that in which any- 
 thing is inclosed or wrapped ; loose 
 over or upper garment. 
 
 wrasse (ras), n. a bony, brightly col- 
 ored fish of the genus Labrus. 
 
 wrath (rath), n. violent anger; in- 
 dignation. 
 
 wrathful ('fool), adj. violently an- 
 gry. 
 
 wrathfully (-i), adv. in a wrathful 
 manner. 
 
 wreak (rek), v.t. to execute in venge- 
 ance or passion ; inflict. 
 
 wreath (reth), n. anything curled or 
 twisted; garland or chaplet. 
 
 wreathe (reth), v.t. to twist into a 
 wreath ; intertwine : v.i. to be inter- 
 woven. 
 
 wreck (rek), n. the destruction of a 
 ship by being driven ashore, or on a 
 rock, &c. ; ruins of a ship so de- 
 stroyed; remains of anything ru- 
 ined ; destruction : v.t. to destroy or 
 cast away, as a ship, by violence ; 
 ruin or destroy. 
 
 wreckage ( 'aj ) , n. remains of a 
 wrecked vessel; act of wrecking; 
 state of being wrecked. 
 
 wrecker ('er), n. one who plunders, 
 or causes, wrecks ; one who removes 
 the cargo from a wrecked vessel. 
 
 wren (ren), n. a small insessorial 
 bird. 
 
 wrench (rench), v.t. to wring or pull 
 with a twist ; strain : n. a violent 
 twist ; sprain ; instrument for exert- 
 ing a twisting strain. 
 
 wrest (rest), v.t. to twist, wrench, or 
 force from by violence ; distort ; turn 
 from its natural meaning ; pervert : 
 n. violent pulling or twisting; per- 
 version. 
 
 wr ester ('er), n. one who wrests. 
 
 wrestle (res'l), v.i. to contend, by 
 
 wri 
 
 grappling with, or striving to trip or 
 throw down, another ; strive earnest- 
 ly : v.t. to contend against in wrest- 
 ling : n. the act of one who wrestles ; 
 struggle. Also wrestling. 
 
 wrestler ('ler), n. one who wrestles. 
 
 wretch (rech), n. a despicable or 
 worthless person; one sunk in the 
 deepest woe. 
 
 wretched ('ed), adj. miserable; un- 
 happy ; sunk in deep misery or woe ; 
 worthless; of miserable quality or 
 character. 
 
 wriggle (rig'l), v.i. to twist to and 
 fro : v.t. to move by, or as by, wrig- 
 gling : n. a wriggling motion. 
 
 wriggler ('ler), n. one who wriggles. 
 
 wright (rit), n. one occupied in some 
 mechanical operation ; artificer ; car- 
 penter [Scotch], 
 
 wring (ring), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wrung, 
 p.pr. wringing], to twist; turn and 
 strain ; force or compress ; extort : 
 n. a forcible twist. 
 
 wringer ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, wrings. 
 
 wrinkle (ring'kl), n. a small ridge or 
 furrow on a smooth surface ; crease ; 
 useful hint or idea : v.t. to form or 
 cause wrinkles ; crease : v.i. to be- 
 come wrinkled. 
 
 wrist (rist), n. the joint uniting the 
 hand to the arm. 
 
 writ (rit), n. anything written; a 
 written document to enforce obedi- 
 ence to an order of a court of justice. 
 
 write (rit), v.t. [p.t. wrote, p.p. writ- 
 ten, p.pr. writing], to form with a 
 pen or similar instrument on paper, 
 &c. ; express in writing ; engrave ; 
 produce, as an author: v.i. to form 
 letters with the pen; send letters; 
 compose books. 
 
 writer ('er), n. one who, or that 
 which, writes ; clerk or amanuensis ; 
 author; journalist. 
 
 writhe (rlth), v.t. to twist with vio- 
 lence ; pervert : v.i. to contort the 
 body. 
 
 writing (rit'ing), n. the act of form- 
 ing letters with a pen, &c. ; composi- 
 tion, manuscript, or book ; legal in- 
 strument. 
 
 written (writ'n), adj. reduced to 
 writing. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
wyn 
 
 written law (law), n. statute law. 
 
 wrong (rong), adj. not morally right ; 
 false ; unjust mistaken ; not fit or 
 suitable ; incorrect : adv. unjustly ; 
 erroneously. Also wrongly. 
 
 wrongful ('fool), adj. contrary to 
 moral law or justice ; injurious. 
 
 wrongfully (i), adv. in a wrongful 
 manner. 
 
 wrote, p.t. of write. 
 
 wroth (rawth), adj. much exasper- 
 ated. 
 
 wrought (rawt), p.t. & p.p. of work. 
 
 wrought-iron ('i-ern), n. malleable 
 iron ; iron capable of being welded. 
 
 wrung, p.t. & p.p. of wring. 
 
 wry (ri), adj. distorted; twisted; 
 turned to one side ; perverted ; false ; 
 showing distaste, disgust, impa- 
 tience, &c. 
 
 wrybill (ri'bil) , n. the crookbill 
 plover. 
 
 wryly ('li), adv. in a wry manner. 
 
 wrymouth (rf mouth), n, an eel- 
 shaped North Atlantic fish with a 
 vertical mouth. 
 
 wryneck (ri'nek), n. a migratory 
 bird, allied to the woodpecker : a dis- 
 torted neck. 
 
 wryness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
 ity of being wry or distorted. 
 
 wulfenite (wul'fen-ite), n. a resin- 
 ous lead molybdate, named after the 
 Austrian mineralogist, F. X. v. Wul- 
 fen. 
 
 wurbagool (wur'ba-gtil), n. an East 
 Indian flying fox. 
 
 wurraluh (wur'a-lu), n. the Aus- 
 • tralian white-quilled honey-eating 
 bird. 
 
 wurrus (wur'us), n. a vermifugal 
 red powder obtained from Arabian 
 spurge trees. 
 
 wurtzite (wurts'Ite), n. zinc sulphide 
 of a brownisja-black resinous nature, 
 named after the French chemist, C. 
 A. Wurtz. 
 
 wych (wich), n. a brine pit. 
 
 wych-elm ('elm), n. a species of elm. 
 
 wynkernel ( wink'er-nel ) , n. the 
 water-hen. 
 
 ate, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, mer^e, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
 D-56. book ; hue, hut ; think, ^en. 
 
xanthein (zan'the-in), n. the yellow 
 coloring matter of certain plants and 
 flowers ; a whitish powder, allied to 
 uric acid, obtained from urine or 
 guano. Also xanthin. 
 
 xanthic ('thik), adj. tending to a 
 yellow color. 
 
 zanthic acid (as'id), n. a heavy, 
 colorless, oily liquid consisting of bi- 
 sulphuret of carbon, water, and an 
 oxide of ethyl. 
 
 Xanthippe (zan-tip'e), n. a scolding 
 woman : from the termagant wife of 
 Socrates. 
 
 xantho, a prefix, meaning yellow, as 
 xanthocsLTvous : adj. having yellow 
 fruit. 
 
 xanthophyll ('tho-fil), n. the yellow 
 coloring matter of withering leaves. 
 
 xanthous ('thus), adj. yellow; not- 
 ing races having brown, flaxen, or 
 red hair and blue eyes. 
 
 xebec (ze'bek), n. a small three- 
 masted vessel with lateen and square 
 sails. 
 
 xeninm (ze'ni-um), n. in ancient 
 Greece, a present given to a guest 
 or foreign ambassador. 
 
 xeno, a prefix, meaning a stranger, as 
 #enogenesis, heterogenesis. 
 
 xenon (ze'non), n. a newly discov- 
 ered gas, associated with argon. 
 
 xerasia (zg-ra'si-a), n. a disease of 
 the scalp, characterized by dryness. 
 
 xeres (zer'es), n. sherry. 
 
 xeroderma (z§-r5-der'ma), n. a dis- 
 ease of the skin characterized by 
 dryness. 
 
 xerophthalmia (-rof-thal'mi-a), », 
 abnormal dryness of the eyeball, ac- 
 companied by redness and irritation. 
 
 xiphoid (zi'foid), adj. sword-shaped. 
 
 X-rays (eks'raz), the Roentgen rays. 
 
 xylene (zi'len), n. a colorless oily 
 liquid found in coal and wood tar. 
 Also xylol. 
 
 xylite ( 'lit ) , n. a kind of asbestos. 
 
 xylo, a prefix, meaning wood. 
 
 xylobalsamum ( zi-lo-bal'sa-mum ) , 
 n. a balsam obtained from the dried 
 wood of the balsam-tree. 
 
 xylogen ('lo-jen), n. lignin. 
 
 xylograph ('lo-graf), n. an engrav- 
 ing on wood ; an impression from 
 such an engraving. 
 
 xylographic (-graf'ik), adj. pertain- 
 ing to xylography or wood engrav- 
 ing. 
 
 xylography (-log'ra-fi), n. the art of 
 process of making prints from the 
 natural grain of wood ; a kind of 
 decorative painting on wood. 
 
 xyloid (zl'loid), adj. like wood. 
 
 xyloidin (-loid'in), n. an explosive 
 compound produced by the action of 
 nitric acid on starch. 
 
 xylol, same as xylene. 
 
 xylonite ('lo-nit), n. a kind of com- 
 pressed gun-cotton, resembling ivory, 
 used for making various articles, as 
 combs, &c. 
 
 xylophone ('lo-fon), n. a musical in- 
 strument consisting of a graduated 
 series of wooden bars, and sounded 
 by means of small wooden hammers. 
 
 Xyris (zl'ris), n. a genus of tropical 
 sedge-like plants. 
 
 xyster (zis'ter), n. a, surgical instru- 
 ment for scraping bones. 
 
 xystos ('tos), n. a long covered por- 
 tico for athletic exercises. Also 
 xystus. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
yacare (yak'a-ra), n. a South Amer- 
 ican crocodile. 
 
 yacca-wood ('a-wood), n. the wood 
 of a tree of Jamaica, used for cabi- 
 net-work. 
 
 yacht (yot), n. a light, and quick- 
 sailing vessel used for pleasure or 
 racing : v.i. to sail or cruise about 
 in a yacht. 
 
 yachting ('ing), adj. pertaining to a 
 yacht : n. the practice of sailing a 
 yacht. 
 
 yachtsman (yots'man), n. [pi. 
 yachtsmen ( 'men ) ] , the owner or 
 sailer of a yacht. 
 
 yager, same as jager. 
 
 yahoo (ya-hoo'), n. a savage: from 
 the race of brutes in Gulliver's 
 Travels. 
 
 yak (yak), n. a kind of ox. 
 
 yak-lace ('las), n. a coarse lace. 
 
 yaksha ('sha), n. a Hindu gnome. 
 
 yam (yam), n. a large edible tuber of 
 various climbing plants of the genus 
 Dioscorea. 
 
 yank (yangk), v.t. to jerk or twist: 
 v.i. to work cleverly and pushingly : 
 n. a jerk or twist. 
 
 Yankee ('e), n. the popular name of 
 New England Americans : used gen- 
 erally for citizens of the United 
 States : adj. pertaining to, or charac- 
 teristic of, citizens of the United 
 States. 
 
 Yankee-Boodle (-doo'dl), n. a pop- 
 ular melody of the United States. 
 
 Yankeeism (-izm), n. a Yankee id- 
 iom, practice, or custom. 
 
 yanking ('ing), adj. active; pushing. 
 
 yanolite (yan'6-llt), n. a kind of gar- 
 net. 
 
 yaourt (yourt), n. a fermented liquor 
 
 prepared from milk, similar to kou« 
 miss. 
 
 yap (yap), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. yapped, 
 p.pr. yapping], to yelp or bark, as a. 
 dog : n. a yelp or bark. 
 
 yapock (yap'uk), n. a South Ameri- 
 can aquatic opossum. 
 
 yapon (yaw'pun), n. a kind of holly, 
 the leaves of which are used as tea. 
 South Sea tea. 
 
 yard (yard), n. a standard measure 
 of length = 3 ft. ; a long piece of 
 timber on a mast for spreading 
 square sails ; an enclosure adjoining 
 or attached to a house, or where 
 some manufacture is carried on. 
 
 yarn (yarn), n. spun thread; one of 
 the threads of a rope ; a sailor's 
 story, especially one of doubtful ve- 
 racity : v.i. to tell a story. 
 
 yataghan (yat'a-gan), n. a dagger- 
 like, double-curved saber. 
 
 yaup (yawp), n. the blue titmouse. 
 
 yaw (yaw), v.i. to steer wildly; devi- 
 ate from the right course : said of a 
 ship ; rise in blisters or white froth. 
 
 yawl (yawl), n. a light, decked, two- 
 masted boat ; jolly-boat : v.i. to howl. 
 
 yawn (yawn), n. an involuntary open- 
 ing of the jaws through drowsiness, 
 &c. : v.i. to gape involuntarily. 
 
 yawning ('ing), adj. gaping; drowsy. 
 
 yawp (yawp), same as yelp. 
 
 yclad (e-klad), adj. clothed. 
 
 ycleped ('klept), adj. called. Also 
 yclept. 
 
 ye (ye), pron. ; nom. pi. of thou. 
 
 yea (ya), adv. yes; truly. 
 
 yean (yen), v.t. & v.i. to lamb. 
 
 yeanling ('ling), n. a lamb. 
 
 year (yer), n. the period during which 
 the earth makes one complete revolu- 
 
 5te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth,, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
yea 
 
 tion round the sun (365% days) : pi. 
 age; old age. 
 
 yearn ( yern > . v.i. to feel an earnest 
 desire; be filled with eager longing 
 or desire. 
 
 yeast (yest), n. the barm or ferment 
 of beer or other liquor in fermenta- 
 tion ; froth ; any preparation for 
 raising dough. 
 
 yeastiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
 quality of being yeasty. 
 
 yeasty ('i), adj. pertaining to, like, 
 or containing, yeast. 
 
 yelk, same as yolk. 
 
 yell (yel), n. a sharp, discordant cry, 
 as of agony : v.t. to scream : v.i. to 
 utter a sharp, discordant cry. 
 
 yellow ('6), adj. of a bright, pure 
 color resembling gold ; jaundiced. 
 
 yellowish ('ish), adj. somewhat yel- 
 low. 
 
 yelp (yelp), v.i. to utter a sharp 
 bark : n. a sharp bark. 
 
 yeoman (yo'man), n. [pi. yeomen 
 ('men)], in England, a man pos- 
 sessed of a small landed estate ; 
 farmer ; freeholder ; an officer of the 
 Royal household ; in the United 
 States navy, a petty officer in charge 
 of stores. 
 
 yeomanry (-ri), n. yeomen collective- 
 ly; volunteer cavalry. 
 
 yerba (yer'ba), n. Paraguay tea. 
 
 yerk (yerk), v.t. to jerk; thrust sud- 
 denly; lash [Scotch] : v.i. to kick: 
 n. a sudden, smart thrust. 
 
 yes (yes), adv. yea: opposed to no. 
 
 yesterday ('ter-da), n. the day last 
 past ; recent time : adv. on the day 
 last past. 
 
 yet (yet), adv. in addition; still; 
 moreover : conj. nevertheless ; how- 
 ever. 
 
 yew (yoo), n. a large evergreen tree 
 of the genus Taxus : adj. pertaining 
 to yew trees. 
 
 ye wen ('en), adj. made of yew. 
 
 Yiddish (yid'ish), n. a kind of com- 
 posite language spoken by foreign 
 Jews in England. 
 
 yield (yeld), v.t. to submit; produce; 
 concede : v.i. to assent ; comply ; give 
 way ; cease opposition ; give a return 
 or produce : n. product ; return. 
 
 yielder ('er), n. one who yields. 
 
 yielding ('ing), adj. inclined to give 
 
 »te, arm, as. 
 
 / 
 
 you 
 
 way or comply ; accommodating : n. 
 the act of producing ; submission ; 
 compliance. 
 
 yl, a suffix, meaning "basis : used as a 
 characteristic termination of chemi- 
 cal radicals. 
 
 Y-level (wi'lev-el), n. an instrument 
 for measuring heights and distances. 
 
 yodel, same as jodel. 
 
 yojan ('jan), n. in the East Indies, a 
 measure of length = 5 miles. 
 
 yoke (yok), n. a piece of hollowed 
 timber for connecting two draught 
 oxen together ; a frame of wood fitted 
 to a person's shoulders for carrying 
 a pail, &c, suspended to each end; 
 bond, tie, or link ; pair or couple ; 
 service ; mark of slavery ; bar at- 
 tached to the rudder-head to which 
 the steering lines are fastened : v.t . 
 to join together; couple; place a 
 yoke upon ; enslave ; confine. 
 
 yokel (yo'kl), n. a rustic. 
 
 yolk ( yok ) , n. yellow part of an egg ; 
 vitellus, the oily secretion from the 
 skin of a sheep which renders the 
 wool soft and pliable. 
 
 yonder (yon'der), adj. at a distance, 
 but in view : adj. being at a distance, 
 but in view. Also yon. 
 
 yore (yor) , adv. in old time ; long ago. 
 
 you (u), pron. nom. & obj. pi. of thou : 
 now used for thou and thee. 
 
 young (yung), adj. being in the early 
 part of life or growth ; inexperi- 
 enced ; not matured ; raw ; vigorous ; 
 fresh ; pertaining to youth ; of youth- 
 ful appearance: n. offspring collec- 
 tively. 
 
 youngish ('ish), adj. somewhat young. 
 
 youngster ('ster), n. a young per- 
 son ; lad. 
 
 younker ('ker), n. a young fellow; 
 stripling. 
 
 your (yoor), pron. poss. pi. of thou or 
 you. Also yours. 
 
 yourself (-self), pron. [pi. your- 
 selves (-selvz')], you in your own 
 person. 
 
 yourts (yoorts), n. the underground 
 dwellings of the Eskimo. 
 
 youth (yooth), n. [pi. youths 
 (yooths)], early life; a young per- 
 son ; young persons collectively ; 
 condition of being young. 
 
 awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, *ften. 
 
yon 
 
 yut 
 
 youthful ('fool), adj. pertaining to 
 
 youth or the early part of life; 
 
 fresh ; vigorous. 
 youthfully (-i), adv. in a youthful 
 
 manner. 
 yowl ( youl ) , n. a howl : v.i. to howl 
 
 or yell. 
 yponomeutidse ( i-pon'o-mu'tlde ) , n. 
 
 pi. ermine moths. 
 ypsiliform (ip-sil'i-form), a. formed 
 
 like the Greek capital letter upsilon, 
 
 Y. 
 
 ytterbium (i-ter'bi-um), n. a rare 
 chemical element discovered by the 
 spectroscope. 
 
 yttria (it'ri-a), n. the oxide of yttri- 
 um. 
 
 yttrium ('ri-um), n. the metallic 
 base of yttria. 
 
 yttrocerite (-ro-se'rit), n. a mineral 
 of violet-blue color. 
 
 yucca (yuk'a), n. a sub-tropical Amer- 
 ican plant characterized by its stiff 
 lanceolate leaves ; Adam's needle. 
 
 yuck (yuc), v.t. to snatch forcibly; 
 to scratch ; to itch. 
 
 yucker (yuk'er), n. the flicker bird. 
 
 yufts (yufts), n. el kind of Russian 
 leather. 
 
 yulan (yoo'lan), n. a species of mag- 
 nolia with snow-white flowers. 
 
 Yule (yool), n. Christmas. 
 
 Yule-log ('log), n. a large block of 
 wood formerly put upon the hearth 
 on Christmas eve to form the basis 
 of the Christmas fire. 
 
 Yule-tide ('tld), n. Christmastide. 
 
 Yumau (yu'man), n. a linguistic 
 of North American Indians. 
 
 Yuncan (yun'can), n. a linguistic 
 stock of North American Indians. 
 
 yunx (yunx), n. a wryneck bird. 
 
 yurga (yur'ga), n. the Afghan yabu, 
 or ambling mountain pony. 
 
 Yurucari (yu'ru-ca'ri), n. a linguis- 
 tic stock of South American In- 
 dians. 
 
 yutu (yu'tu), n. the Peruvian tina- 
 mou bird. 
 
 ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
Eaffre (zaf'er), w. impure oxide of co- 
 balt, of an intensely blue color, used 
 in enameling, pottery, &c. Also zaf- 
 fer. 
 
 zaim (za/im), n. a Turkish military 
 chief. 
 
 zamang (za-mang'), n. a huge legu- 
 minous tree, the sweet pulpy pods of 
 which are used for feeding cattle. 
 
 zamouse (za-moos'), n. a West Afri- 
 can buffalo, with hair-fringed ears 
 and without a dewlap. 
 
 zany (za'ni), n. a buffoon; merry- 
 andrew. 
 
 zaptiah (zap'ti-a), n» a Turkish po- 
 liceman. 
 
 zealot (zel'ot), n, an enthusiast; fa- 
 natic. 
 
 Zealot, n. one of a fanatical sect of 
 Jews which carried on a desperate 
 struggle with the Romans until the 
 fall of Jerusalem (70 A. D.). 
 
 zealous ('us), adj. ardent in the pur- 
 suit of an object ; enthusiastic. 
 
 zebec, same as xebec. 
 
 zebra (ze'bra), n. a wild animal of 
 Africa of the genus Equus, with 
 black and white stripes; a wood 
 much used in cabinet-making. 
 
 zebu ('buj, n. the Indian ox or cow, 
 with long pendulous ears, and large 
 prominent hump on the shoulders. 
 
 zechstein (zek'stin), n. magnesium 
 limestone. 
 
 zenana (ze-na-na), n. in India, that 
 part of a house reserved exclusively 
 for women. Also zanana. 
 
 Zend (zend), n. the Iranian language 
 of ancient Persia. 
 
 Zend-Avesta (-a-ves'ta), n. the sa- 
 cred writings of the Zoroastrians, 
 ascribed to Zoroaster. 
 
 zendik ('dik), n. in the East, a name 
 for an unbeliever. 
 
 zenith (ze'nith), n. the point in the 
 heavens directly over the head of the 
 spectator; greatest height. 
 
 zeolite (ze'o-lit), n. an extensive 
 group of minerals, consisting of hy- 
 drated silicates : so called from their 
 frothing when under the blowpipe. 
 
 zephyr (zef'er), n. the west wind; 
 soft, gentle breeze. 
 
 zero (ze'ro), n. a cipher; nothing; 
 neutral point (°) between any as- 
 cending or descending scale or series. 
 
 zest (zest), n. relish; keen enjoyment. 
 
 zeugma (zug'ma), n. a figure in 
 grammar by which a verb, adjective, 
 or other part of speech, relating to 
 one noun is referred to another. 
 
 Zif (zif), n. the second month of the 
 Jewish ecclesiastical year (part of 
 May- June) and eighth of the civil 
 year. 
 
 zigzag (zig'zag), adj. having short, 
 sharp turns: n. something with 
 short, sharp turns. 
 
 zimb (zimb), n. a dipterous insect re- 
 sembling the tsetse. 
 
 zinc (zingk), n. a bluish-white metal. 
 
 zincic (zin'sik), adj. pertaining to, or 
 containing, zinc. Also zincky, zinky, 
 zinckic. 
 
 zincode (zingk'od), n. the negative 
 pole of a voltaic battery. 
 
 zincograph ('o-graf), n. an impres- 
 sion from a zinc plate. 
 
 zincography (-og'ra-fi), n. the art of 
 drawing upon, or printing from, zinc 
 plates. 
 
 zincoid ('oid), adj. zinc-like. 
 
 zingel (zing'el), n. a perch found in 
 the Danube. 
 
 ate, Erm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
 book; hue, hut; think, then. 
 
zinkenite (zingk'en-It), n. a steel- 
 grey mineral, a sulphide of antimony 
 and lead. 
 
 Zion (zl'un), n. a hill in Jerusalem, 
 the royal residence of King David 
 and his successors : hence the Church 
 of God. 
 
 Zionism (-izm), n. a project for the 
 reestablishment of the Jews as a na- 
 tion in Palestine. 
 
 zircon (zer'kon), n, a heavy, hard, 
 sparkling mineral. 
 
 zirconia (-ko'ni-a), to. the oxide of 
 zirconium. 
 
 zirconium ('ni-um), n. a rare metal- 
 lic element. 
 
 zither (zith'er), n. a stringed musical 
 instrument, consisting of a sounding 
 box and 28 to 31 strings. 
 
 zoanthropy (zo-an'thro-pi), n. a kind 
 of mania, in which the patient be- 
 lieves himself to be transformed into 
 an animal. 
 
 zobo ('bo), n. an ox-like animal of In- 
 dia. Also zobu. 
 
 zodiac ('di-ak), n. an imaginary broad 
 belt in the heavens, containing the 
 12 constellations or signs of the zo- 
 diac which the sun traverses annu- 
 ally. 
 
 zodiacal (-di'a-kal), adj. pertaining 
 to, or situated within, the zodiac. 
 
 zodiacal light (lit), n. a luminous 
 tract of the sky of triangular shape, 
 its base being on the horizon : seen 
 in the evening at twilight, and be- 
 fore dawn. 
 
 zoetrope ('e-trop), to. an optical in- 
 strument by means of which figures, 
 &c., # on a circular card appear to 
 be in active motion when viewed 
 through slots in the upper side. 
 
 zofra ('fra), n. a Moorish carpet. 
 
 Zolaism ('la-izm), n. excessive real- 
 ism in the literary treatment of the 
 worse side of human life or nature : 
 from Emile Zola, the French realis- 
 tic novelist. 
 
 zollverein (tsol'fer-m), n. the Ger- 
 man customs union, formed 1827 and 
 further extended in 1867 to establish 
 uniforrn rates ; a customs union. 
 
 zonal (zo'nal), adj. pertaining to, or 
 formed of, a zone or zones. 
 
 zone (zon), n. one of the 5 great belts 
 into which the surface of the earth 
 
 is divided with respect to latitude 
 and temperature; that belt or dis- 
 trict within which certain animal or 
 plant forms of life are confined; a 
 girdle or belt: v.t. to encircle with, 
 or as with, a zone. 
 
 zoned (zond), n. wearing a belt or 
 girdle; having zones; striped. 
 
 zoo, a prefix meaning animal, as zoo- 
 chemistry, animal chemistry. 
 
 zoo (zoo), to. a park or other large in- 
 closure in which live animals are 
 kept for public exhibition; zoolog- 
 ical garden. 
 
 zoogeography (zo-6-je-og'ra-fi), n. 
 the study of the geographical dis- 
 tribution of animals. 
 
 zoogeographical ( -o-graf 'i-kal ) , adj. 
 pertaining to zoogeography. 
 
 zoogloea (-o-gle'a), n. a mass of bac- 
 teria inclosed in a viscous, gelatinous 
 substance. 
 
 zeb graphic (-graf'ik), adj. pertaining 
 to zoography. 
 
 zoography (-og'ra-fi), n. the descrip- 
 tion of animals, their forms and 
 habits. 
 
 zooid ('oid), n. an animal in one of 
 its inferior stages of development ; 
 an individual of a compound or co- 
 lonial animal organization. 
 
 zoolatry (-ol'a-tri), n. animal-wor- 
 ship. 
 
 zoological (-o-loj 'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
 ing to zoology. 
 
 zoologically (-i), adv. according to 
 the principles of zoology. 
 
 zoologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one skilled in 
 zoology. 
 
 zoology (-ol'o-ji), n. that part of bi- 
 ology that treats of animals, their 
 structure, classification, habits, and 
 distribution. 
 
 zoomorphism (-mSr'fizm) , n. the rep- 
 resentation of a deity in the form, 
 or with the attributes, of an animal. 
 
 zoon ('on), n. an animal which is the 
 sole product of a single ovum. 
 
 zoophilist (-of'i-list), n. a lover of 
 animals. 
 
 zoophysiology (-o-fiz-i-ol'o-gi), n. 
 physiology of the lower animals. 
 
 zoophyte ('o-flt), n. an animal of low 
 organization, bearing some external 
 resemblance to a plant. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
*yx 
 
 zoosperm ('o-sperm), n. the male 
 seed-cell. 
 
 zoospore ('6-spor), n. the active 
 spores of certain algse endowed with 
 motion by means of ciliated proc- 
 esses. 
 
 zootomist (-ot'6-mist), n. a compara- 
 tive anatomist. 
 
 zootomy ('6-mi), n. the dissection or 
 anatomy of animals. 
 
 zorilla (zo-ril'a), n. a kind of skunk. 
 
 Zoroastrian (-ro-as'tri-an), adj. per- 
 taining to Zoroaster, the reputed 
 founder of the Parsi religion, or to 
 his doctrines. 
 
 Zoroastrianism (-izm), n. the reli- 
 gious system, contained in the Zend- 
 Avesta, said to have been founded 
 by Zoroaster, the legislator and 
 prophet of ancient Persia. 
 
 zouave (z66-av')> n. a soldier of a 
 light infantry corps of the French 
 army, wearing an Arab dress. 
 
 zuchetto (tsoo-kat'o), n. a skull-cap 
 covering the tonsure and worn under 
 the biretta. Also zuchetta. 
 
 Zulu (zoo'loo), n. one of a warlike 
 tribe of Kaffirs, north of Natal. 
 
 zumbooruk (zum'boo-ruk), n. a small 
 swivel cannon fired from the back of 
 a camel. 
 
 Zuni (zoo'nye), n. one of a tribe of 
 Pueblo Indians of New Mexico. 
 
 zygoma (zl-go'ma), n. the cheek-bone. 
 
 zygomorphous ( zig'6-m6r'f us ) , a. 
 yoke-shaped ; applied chiefly to di- 
 vided flowers. 
 
 zygosis (zig'6-sis), n. coalescence; 
 junction ; conjugation. 
 
 zygospore (zig'6-spor), n. the con- 
 jugated spore of two gametes. 
 
 zyme (zim), n. the germ supposed to 
 
 be the poisonous cause of zymotic 
 diseases. 
 
 zymic (zim'ik), adj. produced by fer- 
 mentation. 
 
 zymogen (zi'mo-jen), n. any sub- 
 stance that by internal changes gives 
 rise to a ferment. Also zymogene. 
 
 zymologist (-mol'6-jist), w. one 
 skilled in zymology. 
 
 zymology ('6-ji), n. the doctrine of 
 fermentation. Also zumology. 
 
 zymometer (-mom'e-ter) , n. an in- 
 strument for ascertaining the degree 
 of fermentation in different liquids. 
 Zymosimeter. 
 
 zymophyte (zi'mo-fit), n.a bacteroid 
 ferment. 
 
 zymoscope ( zi'mo-scop ) , n. an in- 
 strument invented by Zenneck to 
 measure the degrees of fermenting 
 power. 
 
 zymosis (zl-mo'sis), n. a fermenta- 
 tion. 
 
 zymotic (-mot'ik), adj. producing fer- 
 mentation, or a disease in which a 
 virus works through the body like a 
 ferment, as cholera. 
 
 zymotic diseases (dis'ez-ez), n. a 
 class of contagious or epidemic dis- 
 eases, supposed to be produced by a 
 virus or organism which acts like a 
 ferment. 
 
 zymotically (-al-i), adv. in a 
 zymotic manner. 
 
 zymurgy (zfmer-ji), n. that branch 
 of industrial chemistry which deals 
 with the processes of fermentation 
 in brewing, wine-making, &c. 
 
 zythum ('thum), n. an ancient bev- 
 erage made from malt and wheat. 
 
 zyxomma (six-oma), n. a large- 
 headed, big-eyed, narrow-faced 
 dragon-fly of India. 
 
 ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; mS, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
 book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 
 
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 (£lrraaunj flf ^jlarta 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 MUCH VALUABLE INFORMATION OFTEN IN DEMAND, 
 BUT NOT USUALLY FOUND IN A 
 SINGLE COLLECTION 
 
 For Table of Contents see next page 
 
Ca&Ie of Content^ 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 Christian Names of Men 
 
 Christian Names of Women 
 
 Foreign Words, Phrases, Proverbs, Quotations, etc. 
 
 Facts about the Earth 
 
 Declaration of Independence 
 
 Constitution of the United States of America 
 
 Metric System of Weights and Measures 
 
 Value of Foreign Coins in U. S. Money 
 
 Time Difference 
 
 Electoral Vote in 1904 
 
 Weather Forecasts 
 
 Presidents of the United States 
 
 Language of the Flowers 
 
 Language of Gems 
 
 States, Names of, their Origin and Meaning 
 
 Dictionary of Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 Familiar Allusions 
 
 Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 Decisive Battles 
 
SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS 
 
 Over Eleven Thousand Words of Similar 
 and Contrary Meaning 
 
 A COLLECTION of Synonyms and 
 Antonyms is one of the most de- 
 sirable aids in epistolary and literary 
 composition, to facilitate the expres- 
 sion of ideas. In its vocabulary are 
 found along with a word expressing a 
 definite idea, Synonyms, or words of 
 similar meaning, by which that idea 
 may be repeated and aptly expressed, 
 without tautology, and also Anto- 
 nyms, or words of opposite meaning, 
 which as antithesis or contrast, afford 
 one of the strongest figures of speech. 
 To embody in exact and appropriate 
 expression the various trains of ideas 
 that pass through the mind, or to de- 
 pict in true colors and proportions, the 
 diversified and nicer shades of feeling 
 which accompany them, a Synonym 
 or Antonym often saves the cost of a 
 clumsy paraphase, spares the labor of 
 a tortuous circumlocution, and while 
 adding a graceful facility of diction to 
 the composition, frequently opens up a 
 whole vista of collateral ideas. 
 
 The following collection of Syno- 
 nyms and Antonyms, while not ex- 
 haustive, is comprehensive, and by 
 cross-reference will answer most re- 
 quirements. 
 
 abandon, leave, forsake, desert, re- 
 nounce, relinquish, quit, forego, let 
 go, waive. (Keep, cherish.) 
 
 abandoned, deserted, forsaken, wick- 
 ed, reprobate, dissolute, profligate, 
 flagitious, corrupt, depraved, vicious, 
 (Cared for, virtuous.) 
 
 abandonment, leaving, desertion, 
 dereliction, renunciation, defection. 
 
 abasement, degradation, fall, degen- 
 eracy, humiliation, abjection, debase- 
 ment, servility. (Honor.) 
 
 abash, bewilder, disconcert, discom- 
 pose, confound, confuse, shame. 
 (Embolden.) 
 
 abbreviate, shorten abridge, curtail, 
 contract, condense, reduce. ( Extend. ) 
 
 abdicate, give up, resign, renounce, 
 abandon, forsake, relinquish, quit, 
 forego. 
 
 abet, help, encourage, instigate, in- 
 cite, stimulate, aid, assist. (Resist.) 
 
 abettor, assistant, accessory, accom- 
 plice, promoter, instigator, particeps 
 criminis, coadjutor, associate, com- 
 panion, co-operator. (Opponent.) 
 
 abhor, dislike intensely, view with 
 horror, hate, detest, abominate, 
 loathe, nauseate. (Love.) 
 
 ability, capability, talent, faculty, 
 capacity, qualification, aptitude, apt- 
 ness, expertness, skill, efficiency, ac- 
 complishment, attainment. (Incom- 
 petency.) 
 
 abject, groveling, low, mean, base, ig- 
 noble, worthless, despicable, servile, 
 vile, contemptible. (Noble.) 
 
 abjure, recant, forswear, disclaim, 
 recall, revoke, retract, renounce. 
 (Maintain.) 
 
 able, strong, powerful, muscular, stal- 
 wart, vigorous, athletic, robust, 
 brawny, skillful, adroit, competent, 
 efficient, capable, clever, self-quali- 
 fied, telling, fitted. (Weak.) 
 
 abode, residence, habitation, dwelling, 
 domicile, home, quarters, lodging. 
 
 abolish, quash, destroy, revoke, abro- 
 gate, annul, cancel, annihilate, ex- 
 tinguish, vitiate, invalidate, nullify. 
 (Establish, enforce.) 
 
 abominable, hateful, detestable, odi- 
 ous, vile, execrable. (Lovable.) 
 
 abortive, fruitless, ineffectual, idle, 
 inoperative, vain, futile. (Effect- 
 ual.) 
 
 about, concerning, regarding, relative 
 to, with regard to, as to, respecting, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 with respect to, referring to, around, 
 nearly, approximately. 
 
 abscond, run off, steal away, decamp, 
 bolt. 
 
 absent, a., inattentive, abstracted, not 
 attending to, listless, dreamy. (Pres- 
 ent.) 
 
 absolute, entire, complete, uncondi- 
 tional, unqualified, unrestricted, des- 
 potic, arbitrary, tyrannous, impera- 
 tive, authoritative, imperious. (Lim- 
 ited.) 
 
 absorb, engross, swallow up, engulf, 
 imbibe, consume, merge. (Eject.) 
 
 absurd, silly, foolish, preposterous, 
 ridiculous irrational, unreasonable, 
 nonsensical, inconsistent. (Wise, 
 solemn. ) 
 
 abuse, v., asperse, revile, vilify, re- 
 proach, calumniate, defame, slander, 
 scandalize, malign, traduce, dispar- 
 age, depreciate, ill-use. (Praise, pro- 
 tect.) 
 
 abuse, n., scurrility, ribaldry, con- 
 tumely, obloquy, opprobrium, foul 
 invective, vituperation, ill-usage. 
 (Praise, protection.) 
 
 accede, assent to, consent, acquiesce, 
 comply with, agree, coincide, concur, 
 approve. ( Protest. ) 
 
 accelerate, hasten, hurry, expedite, 
 forward, quicken, despatch. (Re- 
 tard.) 
 
 accept, receive, take, admit. (Re- 
 fuse.) 
 
 acceptable, agreeable, pleasing, grat- 
 ifying, pleasurable, welcome. (Dis- 
 pleasing.) 
 
 accident, casualty, incident, contin- 
 gency, adventure, chance. 
 
 accommodate, serve, oblige, adapt, 
 adjust, fit, suit. (Disoblige, impede.) 
 
 accomplice, confederate, accessory, 
 abettor, coadjutor, assistant, ally, 
 associate, particeps criminis. (Ad- 
 versary. ) 
 
 accomplish, do, effect, finish, exe- 
 cute, achieve, complete, perfect, con- 
 summate. (Fail.) 
 
 accomplishment, attainment, qual- 
 ification, acquirement. (Defect.) 
 
 accord, grant, allow, admit, concede. 
 (Deny.) 
 
 accost, salute, address, speak to, stop, 
 greet. 
 
 account, narrative, description, nar- 
 ration, relation, detail, recital, mon- 
 eys, reckoning, bill, charge. 
 
 accountable, punishable, answerable, 
 amenable, responsible, liable. 
 
 accumulate, bring together, amass, 
 collect, gather. (Scatter, dissipate.) 
 
 accumulation, collection, store, 
 mass, congeries, concentration. 
 
 accurate, correct, exact, precise, 
 nice, truthful. (Erroneous, care- 
 less.) 
 
 achieve, do, accomplish, effect, fulfill, 
 execute, gain, win. 
 
 achievement, feat, exploit, accom- 
 plishment, attainment, performance, 
 acquirement, gain. (Failure.) 
 
 acknowledge, admit, confess, own, 
 avow, grant, recognize, allow, con- 
 cede. ( Deny. ) 
 
 acquaint, inform, enlighten, apprise, 
 make aware, make known, notify, 
 communicate. ( Deceive. ) 
 
 acquaintance, familiarity, intimacy, 
 cognizance, fellowship, companion- 
 ship, knowledge. (Unfamiliarity.) 
 
 acquiesce, agree, accede, assent, com- 
 ply, consent, give way, coincide with. 
 -(Protest.) 
 
 acquit, pardon, forgive, discharge, set 
 free, clear, absolve. (Condemn, con- 
 vict.) 
 
 act, do, operate, make, perform, play, 
 enact. 
 
 action, deed, achievement, feat, ex- 
 ploit, accomplishment, battle, en- 
 gagement, agency, instrumentality. 
 
 active, lively, sprightly, alert, agile, 
 nimble, brisk, quick, supple, prompt, 
 vigilant, laborious, industrious. 
 (Lazy, passive.) 
 
 actual, real, positive, genuine, cer- 
 tain. (Fictitious.) 
 
 acute, shrewd, intelligent, penetrat- 
 ing, piercing, keen. (Dull.) 
 
 adapt, accommodate, suit, fit, con- 
 form. 
 
 addicted, devoted, wedded, attached, 
 given up to, dedicated. 
 
 addition, increase, accession, aug- 
 mentation, reinforcement. (Subtrac- 
 tion, separation.) 
 
 address, speech, discourse, appeal, 
 oration, tact, skill, ability, dexter- 
 ity, deportment, demeanor. 
 
 adhesion, adherence, attachment, fi- 
 delity, devotion. (Aloofness.) 
 
 adjacent, near to, adjoining, contig- 
 uous, conterminous, bordering, neigh- 
 boring. ( Distant. ) 
 
 adjourn, defer, prorogue, postpone. 
 
 adjunct, appendage, appurtenance, 
 appendency, dependency. 
 
 adjust, set right, fit, accommodate, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 adapt, arrange, settle, regulate, or- 
 ganize. (Confuse.) 
 
 admirable, striking, surprising, won- 
 derful, astonishing. (Detestable.) 
 
 admit, allow, permit, suffer, tolerate. 
 (Deny.) 
 
 advantageous, beneficial. (Hurt- 
 ful.) 
 
 affection, love. (Aversion.) 
 
 affectionate, fond, kind. (Harsh.) 
 
 agreeable, pleasant, pleasing, charm- 
 ing. (Disagreeable.) 
 
 alternating, intermittent. (Contin- 
 ual.) 
 
 ambassador, envoy, plenipotentiary, 
 minister. 
 
 amend, improve, correct, better, mend. 
 (Impair.) 
 
 anger, ire, wrath, indignation, resent- 
 ment. (Good nature.) 
 
 appropriate, assume, ascribe, arro- 
 gate, usurp. 
 
 argue, debate, dispute, reason upon. 
 
 arise, flow, emanate, spring, proceed, 
 rise, issue. 
 
 artful, disingenuous, sly, tricky, in- 
 sincere. (Candid.) 
 
 artifice, trick, stratagem, finesse. 
 
 association, combination, company, 
 partnership, society. 
 
 attack, assail, assault, encounter. 
 (Defend.) 
 
 audacity, boldness, effrontery, hardi- 
 hood. (Meekness.) 
 
 austere, rigid, rigorous, severe, stern. 
 (Dissolute.) 
 
 avaricious, niggardly, miserly, parsi- 
 monious. (Generous.) 
 
 aversion, antipathy, dislike, hatred, 
 repugnance. ( Affection. ) 
 
 awe, dread, fear, reverence. (Famil- 
 iarity. ) 
 
 awkward, clumsy. (Graceful.) 
 
 axiom, adage, aphorism, apothegm, 
 byword, maxim, proverb, saying, 
 
 babble, chatter, prattle, prate. 
 
 bad, wicked, evil. (Good.) 
 
 baffle, confound, defeat, disconcert. 
 
 (Aid, abet.) 
 base, vile, mean. (Noble.) 
 battle, action, combat, engagement. 
 bear, carry, convey, transport. 
 bear, endure, suffer, support. 
 beastly, brutal, sensual, bestial. 
 beat, defeat, overpower, overthrow, 
 
 rout. 
 
 beautiful, fine, handsome, pretty, 
 (Homely, ugly.) 
 
 becoming, decent, fit, seemly, suit- 
 able. (Unbecoming.) 
 
 beg, beseech, crave, entreat, implore, 
 solicit, supplicate. (Give.) 
 
 behavior, carriage, conduct, deport- 
 ment, demeanor. 
 
 belief, credit, faith, trust. (Doubt.) 
 
 beneficent, bountiful, generous, libe- 
 ral, munificent. (Covetous, miserly.) 
 
 benefit, favor, advantage, kindness, 
 civility. ( Injury. ) 
 
 benevolence, beneficence, benignity, 
 humanity, kindness, tenderness. 
 ( Malevolence. ) 
 
 blame, censure, condemn, reprove, 
 reproach, upbraid. (Praise.) 
 
 blemish, flaw, speck, spot, stain. ( Or- 
 nament. ) 
 
 blind, sightless, heedless. (Far-sight- 
 ed.) 
 
 blot, cancel, efface, expunge, erase, 
 obliterate. 
 
 bold, brave, daring, fearless, intrepid, 
 undaunted. (Timid.) 
 
 border, brim, brink, edge, margin, 
 rim, verge, boundary, confine, fron- 
 tier. 
 
 bound, circumscribe, confine, limit, 
 restrict. 
 
 brave, dare, defy. 
 
 bravery, courage, valor. (Coward- 
 ice.) 
 
 break, bruise, crush, pound, squeeze. 
 
 breeze, blast, gale, gust, hurricane, 
 storm, tempest. 
 
 bright, clear, radiant, shining. (Dull.) 
 
 brittle, fragile, breakable. (Solid.) 
 
 burial, interment, sepulture. (Res- 
 urrection. ) 
 
 business, avocation, employment, en- 
 gagement, occupation, art, profes- 
 sion, trade. 
 
 bustle, stir, tumult, fuss. (Quiet.) 
 
 calamity, disaster, misfortune, mis- 
 chance, mishap. (Good fortune.) 
 
 calm, collected, composed, placid, se- 
 rene. (Stormy, unsettled.) 
 
 capable, able, competent. (Incom- 
 petent. ) 
 
 captious, fretful, cross, peevish, pet- 
 ulant. ( Good-natured. ) 
 
 care, anxiety, concern, solicitude, 
 heed, attention. (Heedlessness, neg- 
 ligence.) 
 
 caress, kiss, embrace. (Spurn, buf- 
 fet.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 carnage, butchery, massacre, slaugh- 
 ter. 
 
 cause, motive, reason. (Effect, con- 
 sequence. ) 
 
 cease, discontinue, leave off, end. 
 (Continue.) 
 
 censure, animadvert, criticise. 
 (Praise.) 
 
 certain, secure, sure. (Doubtful.) 
 
 cessation, intermission, rest, stop. 
 ( Continuance. ) 
 
 chance, fate, fortune. (Design.) 
 
 change, barter, exchange, substitute. 
 
 changeable, fickle, inconstant, muta- 
 ble, variable. (Unchangeable.) 
 
 character, reputation, repute, stand- 
 ing. 
 
 charm, captivate, enchant, enrapture, 
 fascinate. 
 
 chastity, purity, continence, virtue. 
 (Lewdness.) 
 
 cheap, inexpensive, inferior, common. 
 (Dear.) 
 
 cheerful, gay, merry, sprightly. 
 (Mournful.) 
 
 chief, chieftain, head, leader. (Sub- 
 ordinate. ) 
 
 circumstance, fact, incident. 
 
 class, degree, order, rank. 
 
 clear, bright, lucid, vivid. (Opaque.) 
 
 clever, adroit, dexterous, expert, skill- 
 ful. (Stupid.) 
 
 clothed, clad, dressed. (Naked.) 
 
 coarse, rude, rough, unpolished. 
 (Fine.) 
 
 coax, cajole, fawn, wheedle. 
 
 cold, cool, frigid, wintry, unfeeling, 
 stoical. (Warm.) 
 
 color, dye, stain, tinge. 
 
 colorable, ostensible, plausible, spe- 
 cious. 
 
 combination, cabal, conspiracy, plot. 
 
 command, injunction, order, precept. 
 
 commodity, goods, merchandise,ware. 
 
 common, mean, ordinary, vulgar. 
 (Uncommon, extraordinary.) 
 
 compassion, sympathy, pity, clem- 
 ency. (Cruelty, severity.) 
 
 compel, force, oblige, necessitate. 
 (Coax, lead.) 
 
 compensation, amends, recompense, 
 
 remuneration, requital, reward. 
 compendium, compend, abridgment. 
 
 (Enlargement.) 
 complain, lament, murmur, regret, 
 
 lepine. (Rejoice.) m 
 
 comply, accede, conform, submit, 
 
 yield. (Refuse.) 
 compound, complex. (Simple.) 
 
 comprehend, comprise, include, em- 
 brace, grasp, understand, perceive. 
 (Exclude, mistake.) 
 
 comprise, comprehend, contain, em- 
 brace, include. 
 
 conceal, hide, secrete. (Uncover.) 
 
 conceive, comprehend, understand. 
 
 conclusion, inference, deduction. 
 
 condemn, censure, blame, disapprove. 
 (Justify, exonerate.) 
 
 conduct, direct, guide, lead, govern, 
 regulate, manage. 
 
 confirm, corroborate, approve, attest. 
 (Contradict.) 
 
 conflict, combat, contest, contention, 
 struggle. (Peace, quiet.) 
 
 confute, disprove, refute, oppugn. 
 (xVpprove.) 
 
 conquer, overcome, subdue, surmount, 
 vanquish. (Defeat.) 
 
 consequence, effect, event, issue, re- 
 sult. (Cause.) 
 
 consider, reflect, ponder, weigh. 
 
 consistent, constant, compatible. 
 (Inconsistent.) 
 
 console, comfort, solace, (Harrow, 
 worry, ) 
 
 constancy, firmness, stability, stead- 
 iness. (Fickleness.) 
 
 contaminate, corrupt, defile, pollute, 
 taint. 
 
 contemn, despise, disdain, scorn. ( Es- 
 teem.) 
 
 contemplate, meditate, muse. 
 
 contemptible, despicable, paltry, 
 pitiful, vile, mean. (Noble.) 
 
 contend, contest, dispute, strive, 
 struggle, combat. 
 
 continual, constant, continuous, per- 
 petual, incessant. (Intermittent.) 
 
 continuance, continuation, duration. 
 (Cessation.) 
 
 continue, persist, persevere, pursue, 
 prosecute. (Cease.) 
 
 contradict, deny, gainsay, oppose. - 
 (Confirm.) 
 
 cool, cold, frigid. (Hot.) 
 
 correct, rectify, reform. 
 
 cost, charge, expense, price. 
 
 covetousness, avarice, cupidity. (Be- 
 neficence.) 
 
 cowardice, fear, timidity, pusillan- 
 imity. (Courage.) 
 
 crime, sin, vice, misdemeanor. (Vir- 
 tue.) 
 
 criminal, convict, culprit, felon, 
 malefactor. 
 
 crooked, bent, curved, oblique. 
 (Straight.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 cruel, barbarous, brutal, inhuman, 
 
 savage. (Kind.) 
 cultivation, culture, refinement. 
 cursory, desultory, hasty, slight. 
 
 ( Thorough. ) 
 custom, fashion, manner, practice. 
 
 danger, hazard, peril. (Safety.) 
 
 dark, dismal, opaque, obscure, dim. 
 (Light.) 
 
 deadly, fatal, destructive, mortal. 
 
 dear, beloved, precious, costly, expens- 
 ive. (Despised, cheap.) 
 
 death, departure, decease, demise, 
 (Life.) 
 
 decay, decline, consumption. (Growth) 
 
 deceive, delude, impose upon, over- 
 reach, gull, dupe, cheat. 
 
 deceit, cheat, imposition, trick, delu- 
 sion, guile, beguilement, treachery, 
 sham. (Truthfulness.) 
 
 decide, determine, settle, adjudicate, 
 terminate, resolve. 
 
 decipher, read, spell, interpret, solve. 
 
 decision, determination, conclusion, 
 resolution, firmness. (Vacillation.) 
 
 declamation, oratory, elocution, ha- 
 rangue, effusion, debate. 
 
 declaration, avowal, manifestation, 
 statement, profession. 
 
 decrease, diminish, lessen, wane, de- 
 cline, retrench, curtail, reduce. 
 ( Growth. ) 
 
 dedicate, devote, consecrate, offer, 
 set, apportion. 
 
 deed, act, action, commission, achieve- 
 ment, instrument, document. 
 
 deem, judge, estimate, consider, think, 
 suppose, conceive. 
 
 deep, profound, subterranean, sub- 
 merged, designing, abstruse, learned. 
 (Shallow.) 
 
 deface, mar, spoil, injure, disfigure. 
 ( Beautify. ) 
 
 default, lapse, forfeit, omission, ab- 
 sence, want, failure. 
 
 defect, imperfection, flaw, fault, blem- 
 ish. (Beauty, improvement.) 
 
 defend, guard, protect, justify. 
 
 defense, excuse, plea, vindication, 
 bulwark, rampart. 
 
 defer, delay, postpone, put off, pro- 
 rogue, adjourn. (Force, expedite.) 
 
 deficient, short, wanting, inadequate, 
 scanty, incomplete. (Complete.) 
 
 defile, v., pollute, corrupt, sully. 
 (Beautify.) 
 
 define, fix, settle, determine, limit. 
 
 defray, meet, liquidate, pay, dis- 
 charge. 
 
 degree, grade, extent, measure. 
 
 deliberate, v., consider, meditate, 
 consult, ponder, debate. 
 
 deliberate, a., purposed, intentional, 
 designed, determined. (Hasty.) 
 
 delicacy, nicety, dainty, refinement, 
 tact, softness, modesty. (Boorish- 
 ness, indelicacy.) 
 
 delicate, tender, fragile, dainty, re- 
 fined. (Coarse.) 
 
 delicious, sweet, palatable. (Nau- 
 seous.) 
 
 delight, enjoyment, pleasure, happi- 
 ness, transport, ecstasy, gladness, 
 rapture, bliss. (Annoyance.) 
 
 deliver, liberate, free, rescue, pro- 
 nounce, give, hand over. (Retain.) 
 
 demonstrate, prove, show, exhibit, 
 illustrate. 
 
 depart, leave, quit, decamp, retire, 
 withdraw, vanish. (Remain.) 
 
 deprive, strip, bereave, despoil, rob, 
 divest. 
 
 depute, appoint, commission, charge, 
 intrust, delegate, authorize, accredit. 
 
 derision, scorn, contempt, contumely, 
 disrespect. 
 
 derivation, origin, source, beginning, 
 cause, etymology, root. 
 
 describe, delineate, portray, explain, 
 illustrate, define, picture. 
 
 desecrate, profane, secularize, mis- 
 use, abuse, pollute. (Keep holy.) 
 
 deserve, merit, earn, justify, win. 
 
 design, n., delineation, sketch, draw- 
 ing, cunning, artfulness, contrivance. 
 
 desirable, expedient, advisable, valu- 
 able, acceptable, proper, judicious, 
 beneficial, profitable, good. 
 
 desire, n., longing, affection, craving. 
 
 desist, cease, stop, discontinue, drop, 
 abstain, forbear. (Continue, per- 
 severe. ) 
 
 desolate, bereaved, forlorn, forsaken, 
 deserted, wild, waste, bare, bleak, 
 lonely. (Pleasant, happy.) 
 
 desperate, wild, daring, audacious, 
 determined, reckless. 
 
 despised, degraded, worthless. (Ad- 
 mired.) 
 
 destiny, fate, decree, doom, end. 
 
 destructive, detrimental, hurtful, 
 noxious, injurious, deleterious, bale- 
 ful, baneful, subversive. (Creative.) 
 
 desuetude, disuse, discontinuance. 
 (Maintenance.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 desultory, rambling, discursive, loose, 
 unmethodical, superficial, unsettled, 
 erratic, fitful. (Thorough.) 
 
 detail, n., particular, specification, 
 minutiae. 
 
 detail, v., particularize, enumerate, 
 specify. (Generalize.) 
 
 deter, warn, stop, dissuade, terrify, 
 scare. ( Encourage. ) 
 
 detriment, loss, harm, injury, deter- 
 ioration. ( Benefit. ) 
 
 develop, unfold, amplify, expand, en- 
 large. 
 
 device, artifice, expedient, contriv- 
 ance. 
 
 devoid, void, wanting, destitute, un- 
 endowed, unprovided. (Full, com- 
 plete. ) 
 
 devoted, attached, fond, absorbed, 
 dedicated. 
 
 dictate, prompt, suggest, enjoin, or- 
 der, command. 
 
 dictatorial, imperative, imperious, 
 domineering, arbitrary, tyrannical, 
 overbearing. ( Submissive. ) 
 
 die, expire, depart, perish, decline, 
 ^ languish, wane, sink, fade, decay. 
 
 diet, food, victuals, nourishment, nu- 
 triment, sustenance, fare. 
 
 difference, separation, disagreement, 
 discord, dissent, estrangement, vari- 
 ety. 
 
 different, various, manifold, diverse, 
 unlike, separate, distinct. (Similar.) 
 
 difficult, hard, intricate, involved, 
 perplexing, obscure, unmanageable. 
 .(Easy.) 
 
 diffuse, discursive, prolix, diluted, co- 
 pious. 
 
 dignify, aggrandize, elevate, invest, 
 exalt, advance, promote, honor. ( De- 
 grade. ) 
 
 dilate, stretch, widen, expand, swell, 
 distend, enlarge, descant, expatiate. 
 
 dilatory, tardy, procrastinating, be- 
 hindhand, lagging, dawdling. 
 ( Prompt. ) 
 
 diligence, care, assiduity, attention, 
 heed, industry. (Negligence.) 
 
 diminish, lessen, reduce, contract, 
 curtail, retrench. (Increase.) 
 
 disability, unfitness, incapacity. 
 
 discern, descry, observe, recognize, 
 see, discriminate, separate, perceive. 
 
 discipline, order, strictness, train- 
 ing, coercion, punishment, organiza- 
 tion. (Confusion, demoralization.) 
 
 discover, make known, find, invent, 
 contrive, expose, reveal. 
 
 discreditable, shameful, disgraceful, 
 scandalous, disreputable. (Credit- 
 able.) 
 
 discreet, cautious, prudent, wary, ju- 
 dicious. ( Indiscreet. ) 
 
 discrepancy, disagreement, differ- 
 ence, variance. (Agreement.) 
 
 discrimination, acuteness, discern- 
 ment, judgment, caution. 
 
 disease, complaint, malady, disorder, 
 ^ailment, sickness. 
 
 disgrace, n., disrepute, reproach, dis- 
 honor, shame, odium. (Honor.) 
 
 disgrace, v., debase, degrade, defame, 
 discredit. (Exalt.) 
 
 disgust, dislike, distaste, loathing, 
 abomination, abhorrence. (Admira- 
 tion.) 
 
 dishonest, unjust, fraudulent, unfair, 
 deceitful, cheating, deceptive, wrong- 
 ful. (Honest.) 
 
 dismay, v., terrify, frighten, scare, 
 daunt, appal, dishearten. (Encour- 
 age. ) 
 
 dismay, n., terror, dread, fear, fright. 
 (Assurance.) 
 
 dismiss, send off, discharge, discard, 
 banish. (Retain.) 
 
 dispel, scatter, drive away, disperse, 
 dissipate. (Collect.) 
 
 display, show, spread out, exhibit, 
 expose. (Hide.) t 
 
 dispose, arrange, place, order, give, 
 bestow. 
 
 dispute, v., argue, contest, contend, 
 question, impugn. (Assent.) 
 
 dispute, n., argument, debate, con- 
 troversy, quarrel, disagreement. 
 (Harmony.) 
 
 dissent, disagree, differ, vary. (As- 
 sent.) 
 
 distinct, clear, plain, obvious, dif- 
 ferent, separate. (Obscure, indis- 
 tinct. ) 
 
 distinguish, perceive, discern, mark 
 out, divide, discriminate. 
 
 distinguished, famous, glorious, far- 
 famed, noted, illustrious, eminent, 
 celebrated. (Obscure, unknown, or- 
 dinary.) 
 
 distract, perplex, bewilder. (Calm, 
 concentrate. ) 
 
 distribute, allot, share, dispense, ap- 
 portion, deal. (Collect.) 
 
 disturb, derange, discompose, agitate, 
 rouse, interrupt, confuse, trouble, 
 annoy, vex, worry. (Pacify, quiet.) 
 
 disuse, discontinuance, abolition, de- 
 suetude. (Use.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 divide, part, separate, distribute, 
 deal out, sever, sunder. 
 
 divine, godlike, holy, heavenly, sac- 
 red, a parson, clergyman, minister. 
 
 do, effect, make, perform, accomplish, 
 finished, transact. 
 
 docile, tractable, teachable, com- 
 pliant, tame. (Stubborn.) 
 
 doctrine, tenet, article of belief, 
 creed, dogma, teaching. 
 
 doleful, dolorous, woebegone, rueful, 
 dismal, piteous. (Joyous.) 
 
 doom, n., sentence, verdict, judgment, 
 fate, lot, destiny. 
 
 doubt, n., uncertainty, suspense, hes- 
 itation, scruple, ambiguity. (Cer- 
 tainty.) 
 
 draw, pull, haul, drag, attract, inhale, 
 sketch, describe. 
 
 dread, n., fear, horror, terror, alarm, 
 dismay, awe. (Boldness, assurance.) 
 
 dreadful, fearful, frightful, shocking, 
 awful, horrible, horrid, terrific. 
 
 dress, n., clothing, attire, apparel, 
 garments, costume, garb, livery. 
 
 drift, purpose, meaning, scope, aim, 
 tendency, direction. 
 
 droll, funny, laughable, comic, whim- 
 sical, queer, amusing. (Solemn.) 
 
 drown, inundate, swamp, . submerge, 
 overwhelm, engulf. 
 
 dry, a., arid, parched, lifeless, dull, te- 
 dious, uninteresting, meagre. (Moist, 
 interesting, succulent. ) 
 
 due, owing to, attributable to, just, 
 fair, proper, debt, right. 
 
 dull, stupid, gloomy, sad, dismal, com- 
 monplace. (Bright.) 
 
 dunce, simpleton, fool, ninny, idiot. 
 (Sage.) 
 
 durable, lasting, permanent, abiding, 
 continuing. ( Ephemeral, perishable. ) 
 
 dwell, stay, stop, abide, sojourn, lin- 
 ger, tarry. 
 
 dwindle, pine, waste, diminish, de- 
 crease, fall off. (Grow.) 
 
 E 
 
 eager, hot, ardent, impassioned, for- 
 ward, impatient. ( Diffident. ) 
 
 earn, acquire, obtain, win, gain, 
 achieve. 
 
 earnest, a., ardent, serious, grave, sol- 
 emn, warm. (Trifling,) 
 
 earnest, n., pledge, pawn. 
 
 ease, n., comfort, rest. (Worry.) 
 
 ease, v., calm, alleviate, allay, miti- 
 gate, appease, assuage, pacify, dis- 
 burden, rid. (Annoy, worry.) 
 D.57. 
 
 easy, light, comfortable, unconstrain- 
 ed. (Difficult, hard.) 
 
 eccentric, irregular, anomalous, sing- 
 ular, odd, abnormal, wayward, partic- 
 ular, strange. (Regular, ordinary.) 
 
 economical, sparing, saving, provi- 
 dent, thrifty, frugal, careful, nig- 
 gardly. ( Wasteful. ) 
 
 edge, border, brink, rim, brim, mar- 
 gin, verge. 
 
 efface, blot out, expunge, obliterate, 
 wipe out, cancel, erase. 
 
 effect, n., consequence, result, issue, 
 event, execution, operation. 
 
 effect, v., accomplish, fulfill, realize, 
 achieve, execute, operate, complete. 
 
 effective, efficient, operative, service- 
 able. (Vain, ineffectual.) 
 
 efficacy, efficiency, energy, agency, 
 instrumentality. 
 
 efficient, effectual, effective, compe- 
 tent, capable, able, fitted. 
 
 eliminate, drive out, expel, thrust 
 out, eject, cast out, oust, dislodge, 
 banish, proscribe. 
 
 eloquence, oratory, rhetoric, declama- 
 tion. 
 
 elucidate, make plain, explain, clear 
 up, illustrate. 
 
 elude, evade, escape, avoid, shun. 
 
 embarrass, perplex, entangle, dis- 
 tress, trouble. (Assist.) 
 
 embellish, adorn, decorate, bedeck, 
 beautify, deck. (Disfigure.) 
 
 embolden, inspirit, animate, encour- 
 age, cheer, urge, impel, stimulate. 
 (Discourage.) 
 
 eminent, distinguished, signal, con- 
 spicuous, noted, prominent, elevated, 
 renowned, famous, glorious, illustri- 
 ous. (Obscure, unknown.) 
 
 emit, give out, throw out, exhale, dis- 
 charge, vent. 
 
 emotion, perturbation, agitation, 
 trepidation, tremor, mental conflict. 
 
 employ, occupy, busy, take up with, 
 engross. 
 
 employment, business, avocation, en- 
 gagement, office, function, trade, pro- 
 fession, occupation, calling, voca- 
 tion. 
 
 encompass, v., encircle, surround, 
 gird, beset. 
 
 encounter, attack, conflict, combat, 
 assault, onset, engagement, battle, 
 action. 
 
 encourage, countenance, sanction, 
 support, foster, cherish, inspirit, em- 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 bolden, animate, cheer, incite, urge, 
 impel, stimulate. (Deter.) 
 
 end, n., aim, object, purpose, result, 
 conclusion, upshot, close, expiration, 
 termination extremity, sequel. 
 
 endeavor, attempt, try, essay, strive, 
 aim. 
 
 endurance, continuation, duration, 
 fortitude, patience, resignation. 
 
 endure, v., last, continue, support, 
 bear, sustain, suffer, brook, submit 
 to, undergo. (Perish.) 
 
 enemy, foe, antagonist, adversary, 
 opponent. (Friend.) 
 
 energetic, industrious, effectual, effi- 
 cacious, powerful, binding, stringent, 
 forcible, nervous. (Lazy.) 
 
 engage, employ, busy, occupy, at- 
 tract, invite, allure, entertain, en- 
 gross, take up, enlist. 
 
 engross, absorb, take up, busy, oc- 
 cupy, engage, monopolize. 
 
 engulf, swallow up, absorb, imbibe, 
 drown, submerge, bury, entomb, over- 
 whelm. 
 
 enjoin, order, ordain, appoint, pre- 
 scribe. 
 
 enjoyment, pleasure, gratification. 
 (Grief, sorrow, sadness.) 
 
 enlarge, increase, extend, augment, 
 broaden, swell. (Diminish.) 
 
 enlighten, illumine, illuminate, in- 
 struct, inform. (Befog, becloud.) 
 
 enliven, cheer, vivify, stir up, ani- 
 mate, inspire, exhilarate. (Sadden, 
 quiet.) 
 
 enmity, animosity, hostility, ill-will, 
 maliciousness. ( Friendship. ) 
 
 enormous, gigantic, colossal, huge, 
 vast, immense, prodigious. (Insig- 
 nificant.) 
 
 enough, sufficient, plenty, abundance. 
 (Want.) 
 
 enraged, infuriated, raging, wrath- 
 ful. (Pacified.) 
 
 enrapture, enchant, fascinate, charm, 
 captivate, bewitch. (Repel.) 
 
 enroll, enlist, list, register, record. 
 
 enterprise, undertaking, endeavor, 
 venture, energy. 
 
 enthusiasm, earnest, devotion, zeal, 
 ardor. (Ennui, lukewarmness.) 
 
 enthusiast, fanatic, visionary. 
 
 equal, equable, even, like, alike, uni- 
 form. (Unequal.) 
 
 eradicate, root out, extirpate, exter- 
 minate. 
 
 erroneous, incorrect, inaccurate, in- 
 exact. (Exact.) 
 
 error, blunder, mistake. (Truth.) 
 
 especially, chiefly, particularly, prin- 
 cipally. (Generally.) 
 
 essay, dissertation, tract, treatise- 
 
 establish, build up, confirm. (Over- 
 throw. ) 
 
 esteem, regard, respect, (Contempt.) 
 
 estimate, appraise, appreciate, es- 
 teem, compute, rate. 
 
 estrangement, abstraction, aliena- 
 tion. 
 
 eternal, endless, everlasting. (Fi- 
 nite. ) 
 
 evade, equivocate, prevaricate. 
 
 even, level, plain, smooth. (Uneven.) 
 
 event, accident, adventure, incident, 
 occurrence. 
 
 evil, ill, harm, mischief, misfortune. 
 (Good.) 
 
 exact, nice, particular, punctual. (In- 
 exact. ) 
 
 exalt, ennoble, dignify, raise. (Hum- 
 ble.) 
 
 examination, investigation, inquiry, 
 research, search, scrutiny. 
 
 exceed, excel, outdo, surpass, tran- 
 scend. (Fall short.) 
 
 exceptional, uncommon, rare, extra- 
 ordinary. (Common.) 
 
 excite, awaken, provoke, rouse, stir 
 up. (Lull.) 
 
 excursion, jaunt, ramble, tour, trip. 
 
 execute, fulfill, perform. 
 
 exempt, free, cleared. (Subject.) 
 
 exercise, practice. 
 
 exhaustive, thorough, complete. 
 (Cursory.) 
 
 exigency, emergency. 
 
 experiment, proof, trial, test. 
 
 explain, expound, interpret, illus- 
 trate, elucidate. 
 
 express, declare, signify, utter, tell. 
 
 extend, reach, stretch. (Abridge.) 
 
 extravagant, lavish, profuse, prodi- 
 gal. (Parsimonious.) 
 
 fable, apologue, novel, romance, tale. 
 
 face, visage, countenance. 
 
 facetious, pleasant, jocular, jocose. 
 (Serious.) 
 
 factor, agent. 
 
 fail, to fall short, be deficient. (Ac- 
 complish.) 
 
 faint, feeble, languid. (Forcible.) 
 
 fair, clear. (Stormy.) 
 
 fair, equitable, honest, reasonable. 
 (Unfair.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 faith, creed. (Unbelief, infidelity.) 
 
 faithful, true, loyal, constant. 
 (Faithless.) 
 
 faithless, perfidious, treacherous. 
 (Faithful.) 
 
 fall, drop, droop, sink, tumble. (Rise.) 
 
 fame, renown, reputation. 
 
 famous, celebrated, renowned, illus- 
 trious. (Obscure.) 
 
 fanciful, capricious, fantastical, 
 whimsical. 
 
 fancy, imagination. 
 
 fast, rapid, quick, fleet, expeditious. 
 (Slow.) 
 
 fatigue, weariness, lassitude. (Vig- 
 or.) 
 
 fear, timidity, timorousness. (Brav- 
 
 feeling, sensation, sense. 
 
 feeling, sensibility, susceptibility. 
 (Insensibility.) 
 
 ferocious, fierce, savage, wild, bar- 
 barous. ( Mild. ) 
 
 fertile, fruitful, prolific, plenteous, 
 productive. ( Sterile. ) 
 
 fiction, falsehood, fabrication. 
 
 (Fact.) 
 
 figure, allegory, emblem, metaphor, 
 symbol, picture, type. 
 
 find, descry, discover, espy. (Lose, 
 overlook. ) 
 
 fine, a., delicate, nice. (Coarse.) 
 
 fine, n., forfeit, forfeiture, mulct, pen- 
 alty. 
 
 fire, glow, heat, warmth. 
 
 firm, constant, solid, steadfast, fixed, 
 stable. ( Weak. ) 
 
 first, foremost, chief, earliest. (Last.) 
 
 fit, accommodate, adapt, adjust, suit. 
 
 fix, determine, establish, settle, limit. 
 
 flame, blaze, flare, flash, glare. 
 
 flat, level, even. 
 
 flexible, pliant, pliable, ductile, sup- 
 ple. (Inflexible.) 
 
 flourish, prosper, thrive. (Decay.) 
 
 fluctuating, wavering hesitating, os- 
 cillating, vacillating change. (Firm, 
 steadfast, decided.) 
 
 fluent, flowing, glib, voluole, unem- 
 barrassed, ready. (Hesitating.) 
 
 folks, persons, people, individuals. 
 
 follow, succeed, ensue, imitate, copy, 
 pursue. 
 
 follower, partisan disciple, adherent, 
 retainer, pursuer, successor. 
 
 folly, silliness, foolishness, imbecil- 
 ity, weakness. (Wisdom.) 
 
 fond, enamored, attached, affection- 
 ate. (Distant.) 
 
 fondness, affection, attachment, kind- 
 ness, love. (Aversion.) 
 
 foolhardy, venturesome, incautious, 
 hasty, adventurous, rash. (Cau- 
 tious.) 
 
 foolish, simple, silly, irrational, 
 brainless, imbecile, crazy, absurd, 
 preposterous, ridiculous, nonsensi- 
 cal. (Wise, discreet.) 
 
 fop, dandy, dude, beau, coxcomb, pup- 
 py, jackanapes. (Gentleman.) 
 
 forbear, abstain, refrain, withhold, 
 
 force, n., strength, vigor, dint, might, 
 energy, power, violence, army, host, 
 
 force, v., compel, (Persuade.) 
 
 forecast, forethought, foresight, pre- 
 meditation, prognostication. 
 
 forego, quit, relinquish, let go, waive. 
 
 foregoing, antecedent, anterior, pre- 
 ceding, previous, prior, former. 
 
 forerunner, herald, harbinger, pre- 
 cursor, omen. 
 
 foresight, forethought, forecast, pre- 
 meditation. 
 
 forge, coin, invent, frame, feign, fab- 
 ricate, counterfeit. 
 
 forgive, pardon, remit, absolve, ac- 
 quit, excuse, except. 
 
 forlorn, forsaken, abandoned, desert- 
 . ed, desolate, lone, lonesome. 
 
 form, n., ceremony, solemnity, observ- 
 ance, rite, figure, shape, conforma- 
 tion, fashion, appearance, represen- 
 tation, semblance. 
 
 form, v., make, create, produce, con- 
 stitute, arrange, fashion, mould. 
 
 formal, ceremonious, precise, exact, 
 stiff, methodical, affected. (Inform- 
 al, natural.) 
 
 former, antecedent, anterior, pre- 
 vious, prior, preceding, foregoing. 
 
 forsaken, abandoned, forlorn, desert- 
 ed, desolate, lone, lonesome. 
 
 forthwith, immediately, directly, in- 
 stantly, instantaneously. (Anon.) 
 
 fortitude, endurance, resolution, 
 fearlessness, dauntlessness. (Weak- 
 ness.) 
 
 fortunate, lucky, happy, auspicious, 
 prosperous, successful. (Unfortu- 
 nate. ) 
 
 fortune, chance, fate, luck, doom, 
 destiny, property, possession, riches. 
 
 foster, cherish, nurse, tend, harbor, 
 nurture. ( Neglect. ) 
 
 foul, impure, nasty, filthy, dirty, un- 
 clean, defiled. (Pure, clean.) 
 
 fractious, cross, captious, petulant, 
 touchy, testy, peevish, fretful, splen- 
 etic. (Tractable.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 fragile, brittle, frail, delicate, feeble. 
 (Strong.) 
 
 fragments, pieces, scraps, chips, 
 leavings, remains, remnants. 
 
 frailty, weakness, failing, foible, im- 
 perfection, fault, blemish. ( Strength. ) 
 
 frame, v., construct, invent, coin, 
 fabricate, forge, mold, feign, make, 
 compose. 
 
 franchise, right, exemption, immu- 
 nity, privilege, freedom, suffrage. 
 
 frank, artless, candid, sincere, free, 
 easy, familiar, open, ingenuous, 
 plain. (Tricky, insincere.) 
 
 frantic, distracted, mad, furious, rav- 
 ing, frenzied. (Quiet, subdued.) 
 
 fraud, deceit, deception, duplicity, 
 guile, cheat, imposition. (Honesty.) 
 
 freak, fancy, humor, vagary, whim, 
 caprice, chotchet. (Purpose, resolu- 
 tion.) 
 
 free, a., liberal, generous, bountiful, 
 bounteous, munificent, frank, art- 
 less, candid, familiar, open, inde- 
 pendent, unconfined, unreserved, un- 
 restricted, exempt, clear, loose, easy, 
 careless. (Slavish, stingy, artful, 
 costly.) 
 
 free, v., release, set free, deliver, 
 rescue, liberate, enfranchise, af- 
 franchise, emancipate, exempt. 
 (Enslave, bind.) 
 
 freedom, liberty, independence, unre- 
 straint, familiarity, license, fran- 
 chise, exemption, privilege. (Slav- 
 ery.) 
 
 frequent, often, common, usual, gen- 
 eral. (Rare.) 
 
 fret, gall, chafe, agitate, irritate, vex. 
 
 friendly, amicable, social, sociable. 
 (Distant, reserved, cool.) 
 
 frightful, fearful, dreadful, dire, 
 direful, terrific, awful, horrible, hor- 
 rid. 
 
 frivolous, trifling, trivial, petty. 
 (Serious, earnest.) 
 
 frugal, provident, economical, saving. 
 (Wasteful, extravagant.) 
 
 fruitful, fertile, prolific, productive, 
 abundant, plentiful, plenteous. 
 (Barren, sterile.) 
 
 fruitless, vain, useless, idle, abortive, 
 bootless, unavailing, without avail. 
 
 frustrate, defeat, foil, balk, disap- 
 point. 
 
 fulfill, accomplish, effect, complete. 
 
 fully, completely, abundantly, per- 
 fectly. 
 
 fulsome, coarse, gross, sickening, of- 
 fensive, rank. (Moderate.) 
 
 furious, violent, boisterous, vehe- 
 ment, dashing, sweeping, rolling, im- 
 petuous, frantic, distracted, stormy, 
 angry, raging, fierce. (Calm.) 
 
 futile, trifling, trivial, frivolous, use- 
 less. (Effective.) 
 
 gain, n., profit, emolument, advan- 
 tage, benefit, winnings, earnings. 
 (Loss.) 
 
 gain, v., get, acquire, obtain, attain, 
 procure, earn, win, achieve, reap, 
 realize, reach. (Lose.) 
 
 gallant, brave, bold, courageous, gay, 
 fine, showy, intrepid, heroic, fear- 
 1 less. 
 
 galling, chafing, irritating, vexing. 
 ( Soothing. ) 
 
 game, play, pastime, diversion, sport, 
 amusement. 
 
 gang, band, horde, company, troop, 
 crew. 
 
 gap, breach, chasm, hollow, cavity, 
 cleft, crevice, rift, chink. 
 
 garnish, embellish, adron, beautify, 
 deck, decorate. 
 
 gather, pick, cull, assemble, muster, 
 infer, collect. (Scatter.) 
 
 gaudy, showy, flashy, tawdry, gay, 
 glittering, bespangled. ( Sombre. ) 
 
 gaunt, emaciated, scraggy, skinny, 
 meagre, lank, attenuated, spare, 
 lean, thin. (Well-fed.) 
 
 gay, cheerful, merry, lively, jolly, 
 sprightly, blithe. (Solemn.) 
 
 generate, form, make, beget, produce. 
 
 generation, formation, race, breed, 
 stock, kind, age, era. 
 
 generous, beneficent, noble, honor- 
 able, bountiful, liberal, free. (Nig- 
 gardly.) 
 
 genial, cordial, hearty, festive, joy- 
 ous. (Distant, cold.) 
 
 genius, intellect, invention, talent, 
 taste^ nature, character, adept. 
 
 genteel, refined, polished, fashion- 
 able, polite, well-bred. (Boorish.) 
 
 gentle, placid, mild, bland, meak, 
 tame, docile. (Rough, uncouth.) 
 
 genuine, real, true, unaffected, sin- 
 cere. (False.) 
 
 gesture, attitude, action, posture. 
 
 get, obtain, earn, gain, attain, pro- 
 cure, achieve. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 ghastly, pallid, wan, hideous, grim, 
 shocking. 
 
 ghost, spectre, sprite, apparition, 
 shade, phantom. 
 
 gibe, scoff, sneer, flout, jeer, mock, 
 taunt, deride. 
 
 giddy, unsteady, flighty, thoughtless, 
 (Steady.) 
 
 gift, donation, benefaction, grant, 
 alms, gratuity, boon, present, facul- 
 ty, talent. (Purchase.) 
 
 gigantic, colossal, huge, enormous, 
 vast, prodigious, immense. (Dimin- 
 utive. ) 
 
 give, grant, bestow, confer, yield, im- 
 part. 
 
 glad, pleased, cheerful, joyful, glad- 
 some, gratified, cheering. (Sad.) 
 
 gleam, glimmer, glance, glitter, shine, 
 flash. 
 
 glee, gayety, merriment, mirth, jovial- 
 ity, joy, hilarity. (Sorrow.) 
 
 glide, slip, slide, run, roll on. 
 
 glimmer, v., gleam, flicker, glitter. 
 
 glimpse, glance, look, glint. 
 
 glitter, gleam, shine, glisten, glister, 
 radiate. 
 
 gloom, cloud, darkness, dimness, 
 blackness, dullness, sadness. (Light, 
 brightness, joy.) 
 
 gloomy, lowering, lurid, dim, dusky, 
 sad, glum. (Bright, clear.) 
 
 glorify, magnify, celebrate, adore, ex- 
 alt. 
 
 glorious, famous, renowned, distin- 
 guished, noble, exalted. ( Infamous. ) 
 
 glory, honor, fame, renown, splendor, 
 grandeur. ( Infamy. ) 
 
 glut, gorge, stuff, cram, cloy, satiate, 
 block up. 
 
 go, depart, proceed, move, budge, stir. 
 
 God, Creator, Lord, Almighty, Jeho- 
 vah, Omnipotence, Providence. 
 
 godly, righteous, devout, holy, pious, 
 religious. 
 
 good, benefit, weal, advantage, profit, 
 boon. (Evil.) 
 
 good, a., virtuous, righteous, upright, 
 just, true. (Wicked, bad.) 
 
 gorge, glut, fill, cram, stuff, satiate. 
 
 gorgeous, superb, grand, magnificent, 
 splendid. (Plain, simple.) 
 
 govern, rule, direct, manage, com- 
 mand. 
 
 government, rule, state, control, 
 sway. 
 
 graceful, becoming, comely, elegant, 
 beautiful. ( Awkward. ) 
 
 gracious, merciful, kindly, benefi- 
 cent. 
 
 gradual, slow, progressive. (Sudden.) 
 
 grand, majestic, stately, dignified, 
 lofty, elevated, exalted, splendid, 
 gorgeous, superb, magnificent, sub- 
 lime, pompous. (Shabby.) 
 
 grant, bestow, impart, give, yield, 
 cede, allow, confer, invest. 
 
 grant, gift, boon, donation. 
 
 graphic, forcible, telling, picturesque, 
 vivid, pictorial. 
 
 grasp, catch, seize, gripe, clasp, grap- 
 ple. 
 
 grateful, agreeable, pleasing, wel- 
 come, thankful. (Harsh.) 
 
 gratification, enjoyment, pleasure, 
 delight, reward. ( Disappointment. ) 
 
 grave, a., serious, sedate, solemn, 
 sober, pressing, heavy. (Giddy.) 
 
 grave, n., tomb, sepulchre, vault. 
 
 great, big, huge, large, majestic, vast, 
 grand, noble, august. (Small.) 
 
 greediness, avidity, eagerness, vorac- 
 ity. (Generosity.) 
 
 grief, affliction, sorrow, trial, woe, 
 tribulation. (Joy.) 
 
 grieve, mourn, lament, sorrow, pain, 
 hurt, wound, bewail. (Rejoice.) 
 
 grievous, painful, afflicting, heavy, 
 baleful, unhappy. 
 
 grind, crush, oppress, grate, harass, 
 afflict. 
 
 grisly, terrible, hideous, grim, ghast- 
 ly, dreadful. (Pleasing.) 
 
 gross, coarse, outrageous^ unseemly, 
 shameful, indelicate. (Delicate.) 
 
 group, assembly, cluster, collection, 
 clump, order, class. 
 
 grovel, crawl, cringe, fawn, sneak. 
 
 grow, increase, vegetate, expand, ad- 
 vance. (Decay, diminution.) 
 
 growl, grumble, snarl, murmur, com- 
 plain. 
 
 grudge, malice, rancor, spite, pique, 
 hatred, aversion. 
 
 gruff, rough, rugged, blunt, rude, 
 harsh, surly, bearish. (Pleasant.) 
 
 guile, deceit, fraud. (Candor.) 
 
 guiltless, harmless, innocent. 
 
 guilty, culpable, sinful, criminal. 
 
 habit, custom, practice. 
 
 hail, accost, address, greet, salute, 
 
 welcome. 
 happiness, beatitude, blessedness, 
 
 bliss, felicity. (Unhappiness.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 harbor, haven, port. 
 
 hard, firm, solid. (Soft.) 
 
 hard, arduous, difficult, (Easy.) 
 
 harm, injury, hurt, wrong, infliction. 
 (Benefit.) 
 
 harmless, safe, innocuous, innocent, 
 (Hurtful.) 
 
 harsh, rough, rigorous, severe, gruff, 
 morose. (Gentle.) 
 
 hasten, accelerate, dispatch, expedite, 
 speed. (Delay.) 
 
 hasty, hurried, ill-advised. (Delib- 
 erate. ) 
 
 hateful, odious, detestable. (Lov- 
 able.) 
 
 hatred, enmity, ill-will, rancor. 
 (Friendship.) 
 
 haughtiness, arrogance, pride. (Mod- 
 esty.) 
 
 haughty, arrogant, disdainful, super- 
 cilious, proud. 
 
 hazard, risk, venture. 
 
 healthy, salubrious, salutary, whole- 
 some. (Unhealthy.) 
 
 heap, accumulate, amass, pile. 
 
 hearty, a., cordial, sincere, warm. 
 ( Insincere. ) 
 
 heavy, burdensome, ponderous, 
 weighty. (Light.) 
 
 heed, care, attention. 
 
 heighten, enhance, exalt, elevate, 
 raise. 
 
 heinous, atrocious, flagitious, flagrant. 
 (Venial.) 
 
 help, aid, assist, relieve, succor. 
 (Hinder.) 
 
 heretic, sectary, sectarian, schismat- 
 ic, dissenter, non-conformist. 
 
 hesitate, falter, stammer, stutter. 
 
 hideous, grim, ghastly, grisly. (Beau- 
 tiful.) 
 
 high, lofty, tall elevated. (Deep.) 
 
 hinder, impede, obstruct, prevent. 
 (Help.) 
 
 hint, allude, refer, suggest, intimate, 
 insinuate. 
 
 hold, detain, keep, retain. 
 
 holiness, sanctity, piety, sacredness. 
 
 holy, devout, pious, religious. 
 
 homely, plain, ugly, coarse. (Beauti- 
 ful.) 
 
 honesty, integrity, probity, upright- 
 ness. (Dishonesty.) 
 
 honor, v., respect, reverence, esteem. 
 (Dishonor.) 
 
 hope, confidence, expectation, trust. 
 
 hopeless, desperate. 
 
 hot, ardent, burning, fiery. (Cold.) 
 
 however, nevertheless, notwithstand- 
 ing, yet. 
 
 humble, modest, submissive, plain, 
 unostentatious, simple. (Haughty.) 
 
 humble, degrade, humiliate, mortify, 
 abase. (Exalt.) 
 
 humor, mood, temper. 
 
 hunt, seek, chase. 
 
 hurtful, noxious, pernicious. (Ben- 
 eficial.) 
 
 husbandry, cultivation, tillage. 
 
 hypocrite, dissembler, imposter, can- 
 ter. 
 
 hypothesis, theory, supposition. 
 
 idea, thought, imagination. 
 
 ideal, imaginary, fancied. (Actual.) 
 
 idle, indolent, lazy. (Industrious.) 
 
 ignominious, shameful, scandalous, 
 infamous. ( Honorable. ) 
 
 ignominy, shame, disgrace, obloquy, 
 infamy, reproach. 
 
 ignorant, unlearned, illiterate, unin- 
 formed, uneducated. (Knowing.) 
 
 ill, n., evil, wickedness, misfortune, 
 mischief, harm. (Good.) 
 
 ill, a., sick, indisposed, unwell, dis- 
 eased. (Well.) 
 
 ill-tempered, crabbed, sour, surly, 
 acrimonious. ( Good-natured. ) 
 
 ill-will, enmity, hatred, antipathy. 
 (Good-will.) 
 
 illegal, unlawful, illicit, contraband, 
 illegitimate. (Legal.) 
 
 illimitable, boundless, immeasur- 
 able, unlimited, infinite. 
 
 illiterate, unlettered, unlearned, un- 
 taught, uninstructed. (Learned, ed' 
 ucated. ) 
 
 illusion, fallacy, deception, phan- 
 tasm. 
 
 illusory, imaginary, chimerical, vis- 
 ionary. (Real.) 
 
 illustrate, explain, elucidate, clear. 
 
 illustrious, celebrated, noble, emi- 
 nent, famous, renowned. (Obscure.) 
 
 image, likeness, picture, representa- 
 tion, effigy. 
 
 imaginary, ideal, fanciful, illusory. 
 (Real.) 
 
 imagine, conceive, fancy, apprehend, 
 think, presume. 
 
 imbecility, silliness, senility, dotage. 
 
 imitate, copy, ape, mimic, mock, 
 counterfeit. 
 
 immaculate, unspotted, spotless, un- 
 sullied, stainless. (Soiled.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 immediate, pressing, instant, next, 
 proximate. 
 
 immediately, instantly, forthwith, 
 directly, presently. 
 
 immense, vast, enormous, huge, pro- 
 digious, monstrous. 
 
 immunity, privilege, prerogative, ex- 
 emption. 
 
 impair, injure, diminish, decrease. 
 
 impart, reveal, divulge, disclose, dis- 
 cover, bestow, afford. 
 
 impartial, just, equitable, unbiased. 
 (Partial.) 
 
 impassioned, glowing, burning, fiery, 
 vehement, intense. 
 
 impeach, accuse, charge, arraign, 
 censure. 
 
 impede, hinder, retard, obstruct, pre- 
 vent. (Help.) 
 
 impediment, obstruction, hindrance, 
 obstacle, barrier. (Aid.) 
 
 impel, animate, induce, incite, insti- 
 gate, embolden. (Retard.) 
 
 impending, imminent, threatening. 
 
 imperative, commanding, despotic, 
 authoritative. 
 
 imperfection, fault, blemish, defect, 
 vice. 
 
 imperil, endanger, hazard, jeopardize. 
 
 imperious, commanding, dictatorial, 
 authoritative, imperative, lordly, 
 domineering, overbearing. 
 
 impertinent, intrusive, meddling, of- 
 ficious, rude, saucy, impudent, inso- 
 lent. 
 
 impetuous, violent, boisterous, furi- 
 ous vehement. (Calm.) 
 
 impious, profane, irreligious, godless. 
 (Reverent.) 
 
 implicate, involve, entangle, embar- 
 rass, compromise. 
 
 imply, involve, comprise, infold, im- 
 port, denote, signify. 
 
 importance, signification, signifi- 
 cance, avail, consequence, weight, 
 gravity, moment. 
 
 imposing, impressive, striking, ma- 
 jestic, august, noble, grand. (In- 
 significant.) 
 
 impotence, weakness, incapacity, in- 
 firmity, frailty, feebleness. (Pow- 
 er.) 
 
 impotent, weak, feeble, helpless, en- 
 feebled, nerveless, infirm. ^ (Strong.) 
 
 impressive, stirring, forcible, excit- 
 ing, affecting, moving. 
 
 imprison, incarcerate, shut up, im- 
 mure, confine. (Liberate.) 
 
 imprisonment, captivity, durance. 
 
 improve, amend, better, mend, re- 
 form, rectify, ameliorate, apply, use, 
 employ. (Deteriorate.) 
 
 improvident, careless, incautious, 
 imprudent, prodigal, wasteful, reck- 
 less, rash. (Thrifty.) 
 
 impudence, assurance, impertinence, 
 confidence, insolence, rudeness. 
 
 impudent, saucy, brazen, bold, im- 
 pertinent, forward, rude, insolent, 
 immodest, shameless. 
 
 impulse, incentive, incitement, mo- 
 tive, instigation. 
 
 impulsive, rash, hasty, forcible, vio- 
 lent. (Deliberate.) 
 
 imputation, blame, censure, re- 
 proach, charge, accusation. 
 
 inadvertency, error, oversight, blun- 
 der, inattention, carelessness, negli- 
 gence. 
 
 incentive, motive, inducement, im- 
 pulse. 
 
 incite, instigate, excite, provoke, stim- 
 ulate, encourage, urge, impel. 
 
 inclination, leaning, slope, disposi- 
 tion, tendency, bent, bias, affection, 
 attachment, wish, liking, desire. 
 (Aversion.) 
 
 incline, v., slope, lean, slant, tend, 
 bend, turn, bias, dispone. 
 
 inclose, surround, shut in, fence in, 
 cover, wrap. 
 
 include, comprehend, comprise, con- 
 tain, embrace, take in. 
 
 incommode, annoy, plague, molest, 
 disturb, inconvenience, trouble. 
 (Accommodate.) 
 
 incompetent, incapable, unable, in- 
 adequate, insufficient. (Competent.) 
 
 increase, v., extend, enlarge, aug- 
 ment, dilate, expand, amplify, raise, 
 enhance, aggravate, magnify, grow. 
 (Diminish.) 
 
 increase, n., augmentation, accession, 
 addition, enlargement, extension. 
 (Decrease.) 
 
 incumbent, obligatory. - 
 
 indefinite, vague, uncertain, unset- 
 tled, loose, lax. (Definite.) 
 
 indicate, point out, show, mark. 
 
 indifference, apathy, carelessness, 
 listlessness, insensibility. (Applica- 
 tion, assiduity.) 
 
 indigence, want, neediness, penury, 
 poverty, destitution, privation. (Af- 
 fluence. ) 
 
 indignation, anger, wrath, ire, re- 
 sentment. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 indignity, insult, affront, outrage, 
 obloquy, opprobrium, reproach, ig- 
 nominy. ( Honor. ) 
 
 indiscriminate, promiscuous, indis- 
 tinct, chance, confused. (Select, 
 chosen. ) 
 
 indispensable, essential, necessary, 
 requisite, expedient. (Unnecessary, 
 supernumerary. ) 
 
 indisputable, undeniable, undoubt- 
 ed, incontestable, indubitable, un- 
 questionable, sure, infallible. 
 
 indorse, ratify, confirm, superscribe. 
 
 indulge, foster, cherish, fondle. 
 (Deny.) 
 
 ineffectual, vain, useless, unavailing, 
 fruitless, abortive, inoperative. (Ef- 
 fective. ) 
 
 inequality, disparity, disproportion, 
 dissimilarity, unevenness. ( Equal- 
 ity.) 
 
 inevitable, unavoidable, not to be 
 avoided, certain. 
 
 infamous, scandalous, shameful, ig- 
 nominious, opprobrious, disgraceful. 
 (Honorable.) 
 
 inference, deduction, corollary, con- 
 clusion, consequence. 
 
 infernal, diabolical, fiendish, devil- 
 ish, hellish. 
 
 infest, annoy, plague, harass, disturb. 
 
 infirm, weak, feeble, enfeebled. (Ro- 
 bust.) 
 
 inflame, anger, irritate, enrage, chafe, 
 incense, nettle, aggravate, embitter, 
 exasperate. (Allay, soothe.) 
 
 influence, v., bias, sway, prejudice, 
 prepossess. 
 
 influence, n., credit, favor, reputa- 
 tion, character, weight, authority, 
 sway, ascendency. 
 
 infringe, invade, intrude, contravene, 
 break, transgress, violate. 
 
 ingenuous, artless, candid, generous, 
 open, frank, plain, sincere. ( Crafty. ) 
 
 inhuman, cruel, brutal, savage, bar- 
 barous, ruthless, merciless, ferocious. 
 (Humane.) 
 
 iniquity, injustice, wrong, grievance. 
 
 injure, damage, hurt, deteriorate, 
 wrong, aggrieve, harm, spoil, mar, 
 sully. (Benefit.) 
 
 injurious, hurtful, baneful, pernici- 
 ous, deleterious, noxious, prejudi- 
 cial, wrongful, damaging. (Benefi- 
 cial.) 
 
 injustice, wrong, iniquity, grievance. 
 (Right.) 
 
 innocent, guiltless, sinless, harmless, 
 inoffensive, innoxious. (Guilty.) 
 
 innocuous, harmless, safe, innocent. 
 (Hurtful.) 
 
 inordinate, intemperate, irregular, 
 disorderly, excessive, immoderate. 
 (Moderate.) 
 
 inquiry, investigation, examination, 
 research, scrutiny, disquisition, 
 question, query, interrogation. 
 
 inquisitive, prying, peeping, curious, 
 peering. 
 
 insane, mad, deranged, delirious, de- 
 mented. (Sane.) 
 
 insanity, madness, mental, aberra- 
 tion, lunacy, delirium. (Sanity.) 
 
 insinuate, hint, intimate, suggest, in- 
 fuse, introduce, ingratiate. 
 
 insipid, dull, flat, mawkish, tasteless, 
 vapid, inanimate, lifeless. (Bright, 
 sparkling. ) 
 
 insolent, rude, saucy, pert, inperti- 
 nent, abusive, scurrilous, opprobri- 
 ous, insulting, offensive. 
 
 inspire, animate, exhilarate, enliven, 
 cheer, breathe, inhale. 
 
 instability, mutability, fickleness, 
 mutableness, wavering. ( Stability, 
 firmness. ) 
 
 instigate, stir up, persuade, animate, 
 incite, urge, stimulate, encourage. 
 
 instil, implant, inculcate, infuse, in- 
 sinuate. 
 
 instruct, inform, teach, educate, en- 
 lighten, initiate. 
 
 instrumental, conducive, assistant, 
 helping, ministerial. 
 
 insufficiency, inadequacy, incompe- 
 tency, incapability, deficiency, lack. 
 
 insult* affront, outrage, indignity, 
 blasphemy. ( Honor. ) 
 
 insulting, insolent, rude, saucy, im- 
 pertinent, abusive. 
 
 integrity, uprightness, honesty, pro-" 
 bity, entirety, entireness, complete- 
 ness, rectitude, purity. (Dishon- 
 esty.) 
 
 intellect, understanding, sense, 
 brains, mind, intelligence, ability, 
 talent, genius. (Body.) 
 
 intellectual, mental, ideal, meta- 
 physical. (Brutal.) 
 
 intelligible, clear, obvious, plain, 
 distinct. (Abstruse.) 
 
 intemperate, immoderate, excessive, 
 drunken, nimious, inordinate. (Tem- 
 perate. ) 
 
 intense, ardent, earnest, glowing, fer- 
 vid, burning, vehement. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 intent, design, purpose, intention, 
 drift, view, aim, purport, meaning. 
 
 intercourse, commerce, connection, 
 intimacy, acquaintance. 
 
 interdict, forbid, prohibit, inhibit, 
 proscribe, debar, restrain from. 
 (Allow.) 
 
 interfere, meddle, intermeddle, inter- 
 pose. 
 
 interminable, endless, interminate, 
 infinite, unlimited, illimitable, 
 boundless, limitless. (Brief, con- 
 cise.) 
 
 interpose, intercede, arbitrate, medi- 
 tate, interfere, meddle. 
 
 interpret, explain, expound, eluci- 
 date, unfold, decipher. 
 
 intimate, hint, suggest, insinuate, ex- 
 press, signify, impart, tell. 
 
 intimidate, dishearten, alarm, fright- 
 en, scare, appal, daunt, cow, brow- 
 beat. ( Encourage. ) 
 
 intolerable, insufferable, unbearable, 
 insupportable, unendurable. 
 
 intrepid, bold, brave, daring, fear- 
 less, dauntless, undaunted, coura- 
 geous, valorous, valiant, heroic, gal- 
 lant, chivalrous, doughty. (Cow- 
 ardly, faint-hearted. ) 
 
 intrigue, plot, cabal, .conspiracy, 
 combination, artifice, ruse, amour. 
 
 intrinsic, real, true, genuine, ster- 
 ling, native, natural. (Extrinsic.) 
 
 invalidate, quash, cancel, overthrow, 
 vacate, nullify, annul. 
 
 invasion, incursion, irruption, in- 
 road, aggression, raid, fray. 
 
 invective, abuse, reproach, railing, 
 censure, sarcasm, satire. 
 
 invent, devise, contrive, frame, find 
 out, discover, design. 
 
 investigation, examination, search, 
 inquiry, research, scrutiny. 
 
 inveterate, confirmed, chronic, malig- 
 nant. ( Inchoate. ) 
 
 invidious, envious, hateful, odious, 
 malignant. 
 
 invigorate, brace, harden, nerve, 
 strengthen, fortify. (Enervate.) 
 
 invincible, unconquerable, impregna- 
 ble, insurmountable. 
 
 invisible, unseen, imperceptible, im- 
 palpable, unperceivable. 
 
 invite, ask, call, bid, request, allure, 
 attract, solicit. 
 
 invoke, invocate, call upon, appeal, 
 refer, implore, beseech. 
 
 involve, implicate, entangle, compro- 
 mise, envelop. 
 
 irksome, wearisome, tiresome, tedi- 
 ous, annoying. (Pleasant.) 
 
 irony, sarcasm, satire, ridicule, rail- 
 lery. 
 
 irrational, foolish, silly, imbecile, 
 brutish, absurd, ridiculous. (Ra- 
 tional.) 
 
 irregular, eccentric, anomalous, in- 
 ordinate, intemperate. ( Regular. ) 
 
 irreligious, profane, godless, impi- 
 ous, sacrilegious, desecrating. 
 
 irreproachable, blameless, spotless, 
 irreprovable. 
 
 irresistible, resistless, irrepressible. 
 
 irresolute, wavering, undetermined, 
 undecided, vacillating. (Determined.) 
 
 irritable, excitable, irascible, sus- 
 ceptible, sensitive. (Calm.) 
 
 irritate, aggravate, worry, embitter, 
 madden, exasperate. 
 
 issue, v., emerge, rise, proceed, flow, 
 spring, emanate. 
 
 issue, n., end, upshot, effect, result, 
 offspring, progeny. 
 
 jade, harass, weary, tire, worry. 
 
 jangle, wrangle, conflict, disagree. 
 
 jarring, conflicting, discordant, in- 
 consonant, inconsistent. 
 
 jaunt, ramble, excursion, trip. 
 
 jealousy, suspicion, envy. 
 
 jeopard, hazard, peril, endanger. 
 
 jest, joke, sport, divert, make game 
 of. 
 
 journey, travel, tour, passage. 
 
 joy, gladness, mirth, delight. (Grief.) 
 
 joyful, glad, rejoicing, exultant. 
 (Mournful.) 
 
 judge, justice, referee, arbitrator. 
 
 judgment, discernment, discrimina- 
 tion, understanding. 
 
 justice, equity right. Justice is right 
 as established by law ; equity accord- 
 ing to the circumstances of each 
 particular case. (Injustice.) 
 
 justness, accuracy, correctness. 
 
 keep, preserve, save. (Abandon.) 
 
 kill, assassinate, murder, slay. 
 
 kindred, affinity, consanguinity, re- 
 lationship. 
 
 knowledge, erudition, learning, sci- 
 ence. (Ignorance.) 
 
 labor, toil, work, effort, drudgery. 
 (Idleness.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 lack, need, deficiency, scarcity, insuf- 
 ficiency. (Plenty.) 
 
 lament, mourn, grieve, weep. (Re- 
 joice. ) 
 
 language, dialect, idiom, speech, 
 tongue. 
 
 lascivious, loose, unchaste, lustful, 
 lewd, lecherous. (Chaste.) 
 
 last, final, latest, ultimate. (First.) 
 
 laudable, commendable, praisewor- 
 thy. (Blamable.) 
 
 laughable, comical, droll, ludicrous. 
 (Serious.) 
 
 lawful, legal, legitimate, licit. (Il- 
 legal.) 
 
 lead, conduct, guide. (Follow.) 
 
 lean, meager. (Fat.) 
 
 learned, erudite, scholarly. (Igno- 
 rant. ) 
 
 leave, v., quit, relinquish. 
 
 leave, n., liberty, permission, license. 
 (Prohibition.) 
 
 life, existence, animation, spirit, vi- 
 vacity. ( Death. ) 
 
 lifeless, dead, inanimate. 
 
 lift, erect, elevate, exalt, raise. 
 (Lower.) 
 
 light, clear, bright. (Dark.) 
 
 lightness, flightiness, giddiness, lev- 
 ity, volatility. (Seriousness.) 
 
 likeness, resemblance, similarity. 
 (Unlikeness.) 
 
 linger, lag, loiter, tarry, saunter. 
 ( Hasten. ) 
 
 little, diminutive, small. (Great.) 
 
 livelihood, living, maintenance, sub- 
 sistence, support. 
 
 lively, jocund, merry, sportive, 
 sprightly, vivacious. (Slow, lan- 
 guid, sluggish.) 
 
 long, extended, extensive. (Short.) 
 
 look, appear, seem. 
 
 lose, miss, forfeit. (Gain.) 
 
 loss, detriment, damage, deprivation. 
 (Gain.) 
 
 loud, clamorous, high-sounding, noisy. 
 (Low, quiet.) 
 
 love, affection. (Hatred.) 
 
 low, abject, mean. (Noble.) 
 
 lunacy, derangement, insanity, mania, 
 madness. (Sanity.) 
 
 luster, brightness, brilliancy, splen- 
 dor. 
 
 luxuriant, exuberant. (Sparse.) 
 
 machination, plot, intrigue, cabal, 
 conspiracy. (Artlessness.) 
 
 mad, crazy, delirious, insane, rabid, 
 violent, frantic. (Sane, rational,! 
 quiet.) 
 
 madness, insanity, fury, rage, fren- 
 zy. 
 
 magisterial, august, dignified, ma-| 
 jestic, pompous, stately. 
 
 make, form, create, produce. (De- 
 stroy. ) 
 
 malediction, anathema, curse, im- 
 precation, execration. 
 
 malevolent, malicious, virulent, ma-| 
 lignant. (Benevolent.) 
 
 malice, spite, rancor, ill-feeling, 
 grudge, animosity, ill-will. (Be- 
 nignity.) 
 
 malicious. See malevolent. 
 
 manacle, v., shackle, fetter, chain. 
 (Free.) 
 
 manage, contrive, concert, direct. 
 
 management, direction, superinten- 
 dence, care, economy. 
 
 mangle, tear, lacerate, mutilate, crip- 
 ple, maim. 
 
 mania, madness, insanity, lunacy. 
 
 manifest, a., clear, plain, evident, 
 exhibit, display, show. 
 
 manifest, a., clear plain, evident, 
 open, apparent, visible. ( Hidden, oc- 
 cult.) 
 
 manifold, several, sundry, various, 
 divers, numerous. 
 
 manly, masculine, vigorous, coura- 
 geous, brave, heroic. (Effeminate.) 
 
 manner, habit, custom, way, air, look, 
 appearance. 
 
 manners, morals, habits, behavior, 
 carriage. 
 
 mar, spoil, ruin, disfigure. (Improve.) 
 
 march, tramp, tread, walk, step, 
 space. 
 
 margin, edge, rim, border, brink, 
 verge. 
 
 mark, n., sign, note, symptom, token, 
 indication, trace, vestige, track t 
 badge, brand. 
 
 mark, v., impress, print, stamp, en- 
 grave, note, designate. 
 
 marriage, wedding, nuptials, matri- 
 mony, wedlock. 
 
 martial, military, warlike, soldier- 
 like. 
 
 marvel, wonderful, miracle, prodigy. 
 
 marvelous, wondrous, wonderful, 
 amazing, miraculous. - 
 
 massive, bulky, heavy, weighty, pon- 
 derous, solid, substantial. (Flimsy.) 
 
 mastery, dominion, rule, sway, as- 
 cendancy, supremacy. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 matchless, unrivaled, unequaled, un- 
 paralleled, peerless, incomparable, 
 inimitable, surpassing. (Common, 
 ordinary.) 
 
 material, a., corporeal, bodily, physi- 
 cal, temporal, momentous, impor- 
 tant. (Spiritual, immaterial.) 
 
 maxim, adage, apothegm, proverb, 
 saying, by-word, saw. 
 
 meager, poor, lank, emaciated, bar- 
 ren, dry, uninteresting. (Rich.) 
 
 mean, a., stingy, niggardly, low, ab- 
 ject, vile, ignoble, degraded, con- 
 temptible, vulgar, despicable. (Gen- 
 erous. ) I 
 
 mean, v., design, purpose, intent, con- 
 template, signify, denote, indicate. 
 
 meaning, signification, import, ac- 
 ceptation, sense, purport. 
 
 medinm, organ, channel, instrument, 
 means. 
 
 medley, mixture, variety, diversity, 
 miscellany. 
 
 meek, unassuming, mild, gentle. 
 (Proud.) 
 
 melancholy, low-spirited, dispirited, 
 dreamy, sad. (Jolly, buoyant.) 
 
 mellow, ripe, mature, soft. (Imma- 
 ture. ) 
 
 melodious, tuneful, musical, silver, 
 dulcet, sweet. (Discordant.) 
 
 memorable, signal, distinguished, 
 marked. 
 
 memorial, monument, memento, com- 
 memoration. 
 
 memory, remembrance, recollection. 
 
 menace, n., threat. 
 
 mend, repair, amend, correct, better, 
 ameliorate, improve, rectify. 
 
 mention, tell, name, communicate, 
 impart, divulge, reveal, disclose, in- 
 form, acquaint. 
 
 merciful, compassionate, lenient, 
 clement, tender, gracious, kind. 
 (Cruel.) 
 
 merciless, hard-hearted, cruel, un- 
 merciful, pitiless, remorseless, unre- 
 lenting. ( Kind. ) 
 
 merriment, mirth, joviality, jollity, 
 hilarity. ( Sorrow. ) 
 
 merry, cheerful, mirthful, joyous, 
 gay, lively, sprightly, hilarious, jo- 
 vial, blithe, blithesome, sportive jol- 
 ly. (Sad.) 
 
 metaphorical, figurative, allegorical, 
 symbolical. 
 
 method, way, manner, mode, process, 
 order, rule, regularity, system. 
 
 mien, air, look, manner, aspect, ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 migratory, roving, strolling, wander- 
 ing, vagrant. (Settled, sedate, per- 
 manent.) 
 
 mimic, imitate, ape, mock. 
 
 mindful, observant, attentive, heed- 
 ful, thoughtful. (Heedless.) 
 
 miscellaneous, promiscuous, indis- 
 criminate, mixed. 
 
 mischief, injury, harm, damage, evil, 
 hurt, ill. (Benefit.) 
 
 miscreant, caitiff, villain, ruffian. 
 
 miserable, unhappy, wretched, dis- 
 tressed, afflicted. (Happy.) 
 
 miserly, stingy, niggardly, avari- 
 cious, gripping. 
 
 misery, wretchedness, woe, destitu- 
 tion, penury, privation, beggary. 
 (Happiness.) 
 
 misfortune, calamity, disaster, mis- 
 hap, catastrophe. (Good luck.) 
 
 miss, omit, lose, fail, miscarry. 
 
 mitigate, alleviate, relieve, diminish, 
 abate. (Aggravate.) 
 
 moderate, temperate, abstemious, 
 sober, abstinent. (Immoderate.) 
 
 modest, chaste, virtuous, bashful, re- 
 served. ( Immodest. ) 
 
 moist, wet, damp, dank, humid. 
 (Dry.) 
 
 monotonous, unvaried, dull, undiver- 
 sified, tiresome. (Varied.) 
 
 monstrous, shocking, dreadful, hor- 
 rible, huge, immense. 
 
 monument, memorial, record, remem- 
 brancer, cenotaph. 
 
 mood, humor, disposition, vein, tem- 
 per. 
 
 morbid, sick, ailing, sickly, diseased, 
 corrupted. (Normal, sound.) 
 
 morose, gloomy, sullen, surly, fretful, 
 crabbed, crusty. (Joyous.) 
 
 mortal, deadly, fatal, human. 
 
 motion, proposition, proposal, move- 
 ment. 
 
 motionless, still, stationary, torpid, 
 stagnant. (Active, moving.) 
 
 mount, arise, rise, ascend, soar, tow- 
 er, climb, scale. 
 
 mournful, sad, sorrowful, lugubrious, 
 grievous, doleful, heavy. (Happy.) 
 
 move, actuate, impel, induce, prompt, 
 instigate, persuade, stir, agitate, pro- 
 pel, push. 
 
 multitude, crowd, throng, host, mob, 
 swarm. 
 
 murder, v., kill, assassinate, slay, 
 massacre, dispatch. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 muse, v., meditate, contemplate, re- 
 flect, think, cogitate, ponder. 
 
 music, harmony, melody, symphony. 
 
 musical, tuneful, melodious, harmo- 
 nious, dulcet, sweet. 
 
 musty, stale, sour, fetid, (Fresh, 
 sweet. ) 
 
 mute, dumb, silent, speechless. 
 
 mutilate, maim, cripple, disable, dis- 
 figure. 
 
 mutinous, insurgent, seditious, tu- 
 multuous, turbulent, riotous. (Obe- 
 dient, orderly.) 
 
 mutual, reciprocal, interchanged, cor- 
 relative. ( Sole, solitary. ) 
 
 mysterious, dark, obscure, hidden, 
 secret, dim, mystic, enigmatical, un- 
 accountable. (Open, clear.) 
 
 mystify, confuse, perplex, puzzle. 
 (Clear, explain.) 
 
 N 
 
 naked, nude, bare, uncovered, rude, 
 unclothed, rough, simple. (Cover- 
 ed, clad.) 
 
 name, v., denominate, entitle, style, 
 designate, term, call, christen. 
 
 name, n., appellation, designation, 
 denomination, title, cognomen, repu- 
 tation, character, fame, credit, re- 
 pute. 
 
 narrate, tell, relate, detail, recount, 
 describe, enumerate, rehearse, re- 
 cite. 
 
 nasty, filthy, foul, dirty, unclean, in- 
 decent, impure, gross, vile. 
 
 nation, people, community, realm, 
 state. 
 
 native, indigenous, inborn, vernacu- 
 lar. 
 
 natural, original, regular, normal, 
 bastard. (Unnatural, forced.) 
 
 near, nigh, neighboring, close, adja- 
 cent, contiguous, intimate. (Dis- 
 tant.) 
 
 necessary, needful, expedient, essen- 
 tial, requisite, indispensable. (Use- 
 less. ) 
 
 necessitate, compel, force, oblige. 
 
 necessity, need, occasion, exigency, 
 emergency, urgency, requisite. 
 
 need, n., necessity, distress, poverty, 
 indigence, want, penury. 
 
 need, v., require, want, lack. 
 
 neglect, v., disregard, slight, omit, 
 overlook. 
 
 neglect, n., omission, failure, default, 
 negligence, remissness, carelessness, 
 slight. 
 
 neighborhood, environs, vicinity, ad- 
 jacency, nearness, proximity. 
 
 nervous, timid, timorous, shaky. 
 
 new, fresh, recent, novel. (Old.) 
 
 news, tidings, intelligence, informa- 
 tion. 
 
 nice, exact, accurate, good, particular, 
 precise, fine, delicate. (Careless, 
 coarse, unpleasant.) 
 
 nimble, active, brisk, lively, alert, 
 quick, agile, prompt, (Awkward.) 
 
 nobility, aristocracy, greatness, gran- 
 deur, peerage. 
 
 noble, exalted, elevated, illustrious, 
 great, grand, lofty. (Low.) 
 
 noise, cry, outcry, clamor, row, din, 
 uproar, tumult. (Silence.) 
 
 nonsensical, irrational, absurd, silly, 
 foolish. ( Sensible. ) 
 
 notable, plain, evident, remarkable, 
 signal, striking, rare. (Obscure.) 
 
 note, n., token, symbol, mark, sign, in- 
 dication, remark, comment. 
 
 noted, distinguished, remarkable, re- 
 nowned, eminent. (Obscure.) 
 
 notice, n., advice, notification, intelli- 
 gence, information. 
 
 notice, v., mark, note, observe, at- 
 tend to, regard, heed. 
 
 notify, v., publish, acquaint, apprise, 
 inform, declare. 
 
 notion, conception, idea, belief, opin- 
 ion, sentiment. 
 
 notorious, conspicuous, open, obvious, 
 ill-famed. (Unknown.) 
 
 nourish, nurture, cherish, foster, sup- 
 ply. (Starve, famish.) 
 
 nourishment, food, diet, sustenance, 
 nutrition. 
 
 novel, modern, new, fresh, recent, un- 
 used, strange, rare. (Old.) 
 
 noxious, hurtful, deadly, poisonous, 
 deleterious, baneful. (Beneficial.) 
 
 nullify, annul, vacate, invalidate, re- 
 peal, quash, cancel. (Affirm.) 
 
 nutrition, food, diet, nutriment, 
 nourishment. 
 
 obdurate, hard, callous, hardened, 
 unfeeling, insensible. (Yielding, 
 tractable. ) 
 
 obedient, compliant, submissive, du- 
 tiful, respectful. (Obstinate.) 
 
 obese, corpulent, fat, adipose, fleshy. 
 (Attenuated.) 
 
 obey, v., conform, comply, submit, 
 (Rebel, disobey.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 object, n., aim, end, purpose, design, 
 mark, butt. 
 
 object, v., oppose, except to, contra- 
 vene, impeach, deprecate. (Assent.) 
 
 obnoxious, offensive. (Agreeable.) 
 
 obscure, undistinguished, unknown. 
 (Distinguished.) 
 
 obstinate, contumacious, headstrong, 
 stubborn, obdurate. (Yielding.) 
 
 occasion, opportunity. 
 
 offense, affront, misdeed, misdemean- 
 or, transgression, trespass. 
 
 offensive, insolent, abusive, obnox- 
 ious. (Inoffensive.) 
 
 office, charge, function, place. 
 
 offspring, issue, progeny. 
 
 old, aged, superannuated, ancient, an- 
 tique, antiquated, obsolete, old-fash- 
 ioned. (Young, new.) 
 
 omen, presage, prognostic. 
 
 opaque, dark. (Bright, transparent.) 
 
 open, candid, unreserved, clear, fair. 
 (Hidden, dark.) 
 
 opinion, notion, view, judgment, be- 
 lief, sentiment. 
 
 opinionated, conceited, egotistical. 
 (Modest.) 
 
 oppose, resist, withstand, thwart. 
 (Give way.) 
 
 option, choice. 
 
 order, method, rule, system, regular- 
 ity. (Disorder.) 
 
 origin, cause, occasion, source begin- 
 ning. (End.) 
 
 outlive, survive. 
 
 outward, external, outside, exterior. 
 ( Inner. ) 
 
 over, above. (Under.) 
 
 overbalance, outweigh, preponder- 
 ate. 
 
 overbear, bear down, overwhelm, 
 overpower, subdue. 
 
 overbearing, haughty, proud, arro- 
 gant. (Gentle.) 
 
 overflow, inundation, deluge. 
 
 overrule, supersede, suppress. 
 
 overspread, overrun, ravage. 
 
 overturn, invert, overthrow, reverse, 
 subvert. (Establish, fortify.) 
 
 overwhelm, crush, defeat, vanquish 
 
 pain, suffering, qualm, pang, agony, 
 anguish. (Pleasure.) 
 
 pallid, pale, wan. (Florid.) 
 
 part, division, portion, share, frac- 
 tion. (Whole.) 
 
 particular, exact, distinct, singular, 
 odd, strange. (General.) 
 
 patient, passive, submissive, meek. 
 (Obdurate.) 
 
 peace, calm, quiet, tranquillity. (War, 
 riot, trouble, turbulence.) 
 
 peaceable, pacific, peaceful, quiet. 
 (Troublesome, riotous.) 
 
 penetrate, bore, pierce, perforate. 
 
 penetration, acuteness, sagacity. 
 (Dullness.) 
 
 people, nation, persons, folks. 
 
 perceive, note, observe, discern, dis- 
 tinguish. 
 
 perception, conception, notion, idea. 
 
 peril, danger, pitfall, snare. (Safe- 
 ty.) 
 
 permit, allow, tolerate. (Forbid.) 
 
 persuade, allure, entice, prevail upon. 
 
 physical, corporeal, bodily, material. 
 (Mental.) 
 
 picture, engraving, print, representa- 
 tion, illustration, image. 
 
 piteous, doleful, woful, rueful. (Joy- 
 ful.) 
 
 pitiless, see merciless. 
 
 pity, compassion, sympathy. (Cruel- 
 ty.) 
 
 place, n., spot, site, position, post, 
 situation, station. 
 
 place, v., order, dispose. 
 
 plain, open, manifest, evident. (Se- 
 cret. ) 
 
 play, game, sport, amusement. 
 (Work.) 
 
 please, gratify, pacify. (Displease.) 
 
 pleasure, charm, delight, joy. (Pain.) 
 
 plentiful, abundant, ample, copious, 
 plenteous. (Scarce.) 
 
 poise, balance. j 
 
 positive, absolute, peremptory, de- 
 cided, certain. (Negative.) 
 
 possessor, owner, proprietor. 
 
 possible, practical, practicable. (Im- 
 possible.) 
 
 poverty, penury, indigence, need, 
 want. (Wealth.) 
 
 power, authority, force, strength, do- 
 minion. 
 
 powerful, mighty, potent. (Weak.) 
 
 praise, commend, extol, laud. 
 (Blame.) 
 
 prayer, entreaty, petition, request, 
 suit. 
 
 pretense, n., pretext, subterfuge. 
 
 prevailing, predominant, prevalent, 
 general. (Isolated, sporadic.) 
 
 prevent, obviate, preclude. 
 
 previous, antecedent, introductory, 
 preparatory, preliminary. (Subse- 
 quent.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 pride, vanity, conceit. (Humility.) 
 principally, chiefly, mainly, essen- 
 tially. 
 principle, ground, reason, motive, 
 impulse, maxim, rule, rectitude, in- 
 tegrity. 
 privilege, immunity, advantage, fav- 
 or, prerogative, exemption, right, 
 claim. 
 probity, rectitude, uprightness, hon- 
 esty, integrity, sincerity, soundness. 
 (Dishonesty.) 
 problematical, uncertain, doubtful, 
 dubious, questionable, disputable, 
 suspicious. (Certain.) 
 prodigious, huge, enormous, vast, 
 amazing, astonishing, remarkable, 
 astounding, surprising, wonderful. 
 ( Insignificant. ) 
 profession, business, trade, occupa- 
 tion, vocation, office, employment, 
 engagement, avowal. 
 proffer, volunteer, offer, propose, ten- 
 der. 
 profligate, abandoned, dissolute, de- 
 praved, vicious, degenerate, corrupt, 
 demoralized. (Virtuous.) 
 profound, deep, fathomless, penetra- 
 ting, solemn, abstruse, recondite. 
 (Shallow.) 
 profuse, extravagant, prodigal, lav- 
 ish, improvident, excessive, copious, 
 plentiful. ( Succinct. ) 
 prolific, productive, generative, fer- 
 tile, fruitful, teeming. (Barren.) 
 prolix, diffuse, long, prolonged, tedi- 
 ous, tiresome, wordy, verbose, pro- 
 saic. (Concise, brief.) 
 prominent, eminent, marked, impor- 
 tant, conspicuous, leading. (Ob- 
 scure.) 
 promiscuous, mixed, unarranged, in- 
 discriminate, mingled. (Select.) 
 prompt. See punctual. 
 prop, v., maintain sustain, support, 
 
 stay. 
 propagate, spread, circulate, diffuse, 
 disseminate, extend, breed, increase. 
 ( Suppress. ) 
 proper, legitimate, right, just, fair, 
 equitable, honest, suitable, fit, decent, 
 meet, becoming, benefitting, adapted, 
 pertinent, appropriate. (Wrong.) 
 prosper, flourish, succeed, grow rich, 
 
 thrive, advance. (Fail.) 
 prosperity, well-being, weal, welfare, 
 
 happiness, good luck. (Poverty.) 
 prosy, agent, representative, substi- 
 tute, delegate, deputy. 
 
 prudence, carefulness, judgment, dis- 
 cretion, wisdom. (Indiscretion.) 
 
 prurient, itching, craving, hankering, 
 longing. 
 
 puerile, youthful, juvenile, boyish, 
 childish, infantile, trifling, weak, 
 silly. (Mature.) 
 
 punctilious, nice, particular, formal, 
 precise. ( Negligent. ) 
 
 punctual, exact, precise, nice, partic- 
 ular, prompt, timely. (Dilatory.) 
 
 putrefy, rot, decompose, corrupt, de- 
 cay. 
 
 puzzle, v., perplex, confound, embar- 
 rass, bewilder, confuse, pose, mys- 
 tify. (Enlighten.) 
 
 quack, impostor, pretender, charla- 
 tan, empiric, mountebank. ( Savant. ) 
 
 quaint, artful, curious, far-fetched, 
 fanciful, odd, singular. 
 
 qualified, competent, fitted, adapted. 
 (Incompetent.) 
 
 quality, attribute, rank, distinction. 
 
 querulous, doubting, complaining, re- 
 pining, fretting. (Patient.) 
 
 question, query, inquiry, interroga- 
 tory. 
 
 quibble, cavil, evade, equivocate, pre- 
 varicate, shuffle. 
 
 quick, lively, brisk, expeditious, im- 
 petuous, adroit, fleet, rapid, swift, 
 sweeping, dashing, clever, sharp, 
 ready, prompt, alert, nimble, agile, 
 active. (Slow.) 
 
 quote, note, repeat, cite, adduce. 
 
 rabid, mad, furious, raging, frantic. 
 (Rational.) 
 
 race, course, match, pursuit, career, 
 family, clan, house, ancestry, lin- 
 eage, pedigree. 
 
 rack, agonize, wring, torture, excru- 
 ciate, distress, harass. (Soothe.) 
 
 racy, spicy, pungent, smart, spirited, 
 lively, vivacious. (Dull, insipid.) _ 
 
 radiance, splendor, brightness, bril- 
 liance, brilliancy, lustre, glare. 
 (Dullness.) 
 
 radical, organic, innate, fundamental, 
 original, constitutional, inhereut, 
 complete, entire. (Superficial. In 
 a political sense, uncompromising; 
 antonym, moderate.) 
 
 rancid, fetid, rank, stinking, sour, 
 tainted, reasty. (Fresh, sweet.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 rancor, malignity, hatred, hostility, 
 antipathy, animosity, enmity, ill- 
 will, spite. (Forgiveness.) 
 
 rank, order, degree, dignity, nobility, 
 consideration. 
 
 ransack, rummage, pillage, overhaul, 
 explore, plunder. 
 
 ransom, emancipate, free, unfetter. 
 
 rant, bombast, fustian, cant. 
 
 rapacious, ravenous, greedy, vora- 
 cious, grasping. (Generous.) 
 
 rapt, ecstatic, transported, ravished, 
 entranced, charmed. ( Distracted. ) 
 
 rapture, ecstacy, transport, delight, 
 bliss. (Dejection.) 
 
 rare, scarce, singular, uncommon. 
 
 rascal, scoundrel, rogue, knave, vaga- 
 bond, scamp. 
 
 rash, hasty, precipitate, foolhardy, 
 adventurous, heedless, reckless, care- 
 less. (Deliberate.) 
 
 rate, value, compute, appraise, esti- 
 mate, chide, abuse. 
 
 ratify, confirm, establish, substan- 
 tiate, sanction. (Protest, oppose.) 
 
 rational, reasonable, sagacious, ju- 
 dicious, wise, sensible, sound. (Un- 
 reasonable. ) 
 
 ravage, overrun, overspread, desolate, 
 despoil, destroy. 
 
 ravish, enrapture, enchant, charm, 
 delight, abuse. 
 
 raze, demolish, destroy, overthrow, 
 ruin, dismantle. (Build up.) 
 
 reach, touch, stretch, attain, gain, 
 arrive at. 
 
 ready, prepared, ripe, apt, prompt, 
 adroit, handy. (Slow, dilatory.) 
 
 real, actual, literal, practical, posi- 
 tive, certain, genuine, true. (Un- 
 real.) 
 
 realize, accomplish, achieve, effect, 
 gain, get, acquire, comprehend. 
 
 reap, gain, get, acquire, obtain. 
 
 reason, n., motive, design, end, proof, 
 cause, ground, purpose. 
 
 reason, v., deduce, draw from, trace, 
 infer, conclude. 
 
 reasonable, rational, wise, honest, 
 fair, ^ right, just. (Unreasonable.) 
 
 rebellion, insurrection, revolt. 
 
 recant, recall, abjure, retract, revoke. 
 
 recede, retire, retreat, withdraw, ebb. 
 
 receive, accept, take, admit, enter- 
 tain. 
 
 reception, receiving, levee, receipt, 
 admission. 
 
 recess, retreat, depth, niche, vacation, 
 intermission. 
 
 recreation, sport, pastime, amuse- 
 ment, play, game, fun. 
 
 redeem, ransom, recover, rescue, de- 
 liver, save, free. 
 
 redress, remedy, repair, remission, 
 abatement, relief. 
 
 reduce, abate, lessen, decrease, lower, 
 shorten, conquer. 
 
 refined, polite, courtly, polished, cul- 
 tured, genteel, purified. (Boorish.) 
 
 reflect, consider, cogitate, think, pon- 
 der, muse, censure. 
 
 reform, amend, correct, better, re- 
 store, improve. (Corrupt.) 
 
 reformation, improvement, reform, 
 amendment. (Corruption.) 
 
 refuge, asylum, protection, harbor, 
 shelter, retreat. 
 
 refuse, v., deny, reject, repudiate, de- 
 cline, withhold. (Accept.) 
 
 refuse, n., dregs, dross, scum, rub- 
 bish, leavings, remains. 
 
 refute, disprove, falsify, negative. 
 (Affirm.) 
 
 regard, v., mind, heed, notice, behold, 
 view, consider, respect. 
 
 regret, n., grief, sorrow, lamentation, 
 repentance, remorse. 
 
 regular, orderly, uniform, customary, 
 ordinary, stated. (Irregular.) 
 
 regulate, methodize, arrange, adjust, 
 organize, govern, rule. (Disorder.) 
 
 reimburse, refund, repay, satisfy, in- 
 demnify. 
 
 relevant, fit, proper, suitable, appro- 
 priate, pertinent, apt. (Irrelevant.) 
 
 reliance, trust, hope, dependence, 
 confidence. ( Suspicion. ) 
 
 relief, succor, aid, help, redress, alle- 
 viation. 
 
 relinquish, give up, forsake, resign, 
 surrender, quit, leave, forego. (Re- 
 tain. ) 
 
 remedy, help, relief, redress, cure, 
 specific, reparation. 
 
 remorseless, pitiless, relentless, mer- 
 ciless, cruel, ruthless, barbarous. 
 (Merciful, humane.) 
 
 remote, distant, far, secluded, indi- 
 rect. (Near.) 
 
 reproduce, propagate, imitate, repre- 
 sent, copy. 
 
 repudiate, disown, discard, disavow, 
 renounce, disclaim. (Acknowledge.) 
 
 repugnant, antagonistic, distasteful. 
 (Agreeable.) 
 
 repulsive, forbidding, odious, ugly, 
 disagreeable, revolting. (Attractive.) 
 
 respite, reprieve, interval, stop. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 revenge, vengeance, retaliation, re- 
 quital, retribution. (Forgiveness.) 
 
 revenue, produce, income, proceeds, 
 fruits, wealth. 
 
 reverence, n., honor, respect, awe, 
 veneration, deference, homage, wor- 
 ship. ( Execration. ) 
 
 revise, review, reconsider. 
 
 revive, refresh, renew, renovate, ani- 
 mate, resuscitate, vivify, cheer, com- 
 fort. 
 
 rich, wealthy, affluent, opulent, copi- 
 ous, ample, abundant, exuberant, 
 plentiful, fertile, fruitful, superb, 
 gorgeous. ( Poor. ) 
 
 rival, n., antagonist, opponent, com- 
 petitor. 
 
 road, way, highway, route, course, 
 path, pathway, anchorage. 
 
 roam, ramble, rove, stray, wander, 
 stroll. 
 
 robust, strong, lusty, vigorous, sin- 
 ewy, stout, sturdy, stalwart, able- 
 bodied. ( Puny. ) 
 
 rout, v., discomfit, beat, defeat, over- 
 throw, scatter. 
 
 route, road, course, march, way, path, 
 journey, direction. 
 
 rude, rugged, rough, uncouth, unpol- 
 ished, harsh, gruff, impertinent, im- 
 pudent, saucy, flippant, insolent, 
 churlish. (Polished, polite.) 
 
 rule, sway, method, system, law, max- 
 im, precept, guide, formula, regula- 
 tion, government, standard, test. 
 
 rumor, hearsay, talk, fame, report, 
 bruit. 
 
 ruthless, cruel, savage, barbarous, 
 inhuman, merciless, remorseless, re- 
 lentless, unrelenting. (Considerate.) 
 
 sacred, holy, hallowed, divine, conse- 
 crated, dedicated, devoted. (Pro- 
 fane. ) 
 
 safe, secure, harmless, trustworthy, 
 reliable. (Perilous, dangerous.) 
 
 sanction, confirm, countenance, en- 
 courage, support, ratify, authorize. 
 (Disapprove.) 
 
 sane, sober, lucid, sound, rational. 
 (Crazy.) 
 
 saucy, impertinent, rude, impudent, 
 insolent, flippant, forward. (Mod- 
 est.) 
 
 scandalize, shock, disgust, offend, ca- 
 luminate, vilify, revile, malign, tra- 
 duce, defame, slander. 
 
 scanty, bare, pinched, insufficient, 
 slender, meager. (Ample.) 
 
 scatter, strew, spread, disseminate, 
 disperse, dissipate, dispel. (Col- 
 lect.) 
 
 secret, clandestine, concealed, hidden, 
 sly, underhand, latent, private. 
 (Open.) 
 
 seduce, allure, attract, decoy, entice, 
 abduct, inveigle, deprave. 
 
 sense, discernment, appreciation, per- 
 ception, view, opinion, feeling, sen- 
 sibility, susceptibility, thought, sig- 
 nification, judgment, import, signifi- 
 cance, meaning, purport, wisdom. 
 
 sensible, wise, intelligent, reasonable 
 sober, sound, conscious, aware. 
 (Foolish.) 
 
 settle, arrange, adjust, regulate, con- 
 clude, determine. ■ 
 
 several, sundry, divers, many, vari- 
 ous, 
 
 severe, harsh, stern, stringent, un- 
 mitigated, rough, unyielding. (Le- 
 nient. ) 
 
 shake, tremble, shudder, shiver, quiv- 
 er, quake. 
 
 shallow, superficial, flimsy, slight, 
 (Deep, thorough.) 
 
 shame, disgrace, dishonor. (Honor.) 
 
 shameful, degrading, scandalous, dis- 
 graceful, outrageous. ( Honorable. ) 
 
 shameless, immodest, impudent, in- 
 decent, indelicate, brazen. 
 
 shape, form, fashion, mold, model. 
 
 share, portion, lot, division, quantity, 
 quota, contingent. 
 
 sharp, acute, keen. (Dull.) 
 
 shine, glare, glitter, radiate, sparkle. 
 
 short, brief, concise, succinct, sum- 
 mary. ( Long. ) 
 
 show, v., indicate, mark, point out, 
 exhibit, display. 
 
 show, v., indicate, mark, point out, 
 sight, spectacle. 
 
 sick, diseased, sickly, unhealthy, mor- 
 bid. (Healthy.) 
 
 sickness, illness, indisposition, dis- 
 ease, disorder. (Health.) 
 
 significant, a., expressive, material, 
 important. ( Insignificant. ) 
 
 signification, import, sense, mean- 
 ing. 
 
 silence, speechlessness, dumbness. 
 (Noise.) 
 
 silent, dumb, mute, speechless. (Talk- 
 ative.) 
 
 simile, comparison, similitude. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 simple, single, uncornpounded, plain, 
 artless. (Complex, compound.) 
 
 simulate, dissimulate, dissemble, pre- 
 tend. 
 
 sincere, candid, hearty, honest, pure, 
 genuine, real. (Insincere.) 
 
 situation, condition, plight, predica- 
 ment, state, position. 
 
 size, bulk, greatness, magnitude, di- 
 mension. 
 
 slavery, servitude, enthrallment, 
 thralldom. (Freedom.) 
 
 sleep, doze, drowse, nap, slumber. 
 
 sleepy, somnolent. (Wakeful.)- 
 
 slow, dilatory, tardy. (Fast.) 
 
 smell, fragrance, odor, scent, per- 
 fume. 
 
 smooth, even, level, mild. (Rough.) 
 
 soak, drench, imbrue, steep. 
 
 social, sociable, friendly, communica- 
 tive. (Unsocial.) 
 
 soft, gentle, meek, mild. (Hard.) 
 
 solicit, importune, urge. 
 
 solitary, sole, only, single. 
 
 sorry, grieved, poor, paltry, insignifi- 
 cant. ( Glad, respectable. ) 
 
 soul, mind, spirit. (Soul is opposed 
 to body, mind to matter.) 
 
 sound, a., healthy, sane. (Unsound.) 
 
 sound, n., tone, noise, silence. 
 
 space, room. 
 
 sparse, scanty, thin. (Luxuriant.) 
 
 speak, converse, talk, say, tell, con- 
 fer. 
 
 special, particular, specific. (Gene- 
 ral.) 
 
 spend, expend, exhaust, consume, dis- 
 sipate, waste, squander. (Save.) 
 
 sporadic, isolated, rare. (General, 
 prevalent.) 
 
 spread, disperse, diffuse, expand, dis- 
 seminate, scatter. 
 
 spring, fountain, source. 
 
 staff, prop, support, stay. 
 
 stagger, reel, totter. 
 
 stain, soil, discolor, spot, sully, tar- 
 nish. 
 
 state, commonwealth, realm. 
 
 sterile, barren, unfruitful. (Fertile.) 
 
 stifle, choke, suffocate, smother. 
 
 stormy, rough, boisterous, tempest- 
 uous. (Calm.) 
 
 straight, direct, right. (Crooked.) 
 
 strait, a., narrow, confined. 
 
 stranger, alien, foreigner. (Friend.) 
 
 strengthen, fortify, invigorate, 
 (Weaken.) 
 
 strong, robust, sturdy, powerful. 
 (Weak.) 
 D.58. 
 
 stupid, dull, foolish, obtuse, witless. 
 (Clever.) 
 
 subject, exposed to, liable, obnoxious. 
 (Exempt.) 
 
 subject, inferior, subordinate. (Su- 
 perior to, above.) 
 
 subsequent, succeeding, following. 
 (Previous.) 
 
 substantial, solid, durable. (Un- 
 substantial.) 
 
 suit, accord, agree. (Disagree.) 
 
 superficial, flimsy, shallow, untrust- 
 worthy. ( Thorough. ) 
 
 superfluous, unnecessary, excessive. 
 (Necessary.) 
 
 surround, encircle, encompass, envi- 
 ron. 
 
 sustain, maintain, support. 
 
 symmetry, proportion. 
 
 sympathy, commiseration, compas- 
 sion, condolence. 
 
 system, method, plan, order. 
 
 systematic, orderly, regular, method- 
 ical. (Chaotic.) 
 
 take, accept, receive. (Give.) 
 
 talkative, garrulous, communicative, 
 loquacious. (Silent.) 
 
 taste, flavor, relish, savor. (Taste- 
 lessness. ) 
 
 tax, custom, duty, impost, excise, toll. 
 
 tax, assessment, rate. 
 
 tease, taunt, tantalize, torment, vex. 
 
 temporary, a., fleeting, transient, 
 transitory. ( Permanent. ) 
 
 tenacious, pertinacious, retentive. 
 
 tendency, aim, drift, scope. 
 
 tenet, position, view, conviction, be- 
 lief. 
 
 term, boundary, limit, period, time. 
 
 territory, dominion. 
 
 thankful, grateful, obliged. (Thank- 
 less.) 
 
 thankless, ungracious, profitless, un- 
 grateful, unthankful. 
 
 thaw, melt, dissolve, liquefy. ( Freeze. ) 
 
 theatrical, dramatic, showy, cere- 
 monious, meretricious. 
 
 theft, robbery, depredation, spolia- 
 tion. 
 
 theme, subject, topic, text, essay. 
 
 theory, speculation, scheme, plea, hy- 
 pothesis, conjecture. 
 
 therefore, accordingly, consequently, 
 hence. 
 
 thick, dense, close compact, solid, co- 
 agulated, muddy, turbid, misty, fog- 
 gy, vaporous. (Thin.) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 thin, slim, slender, slight, flimsy, at- 
 tenuated, lean, scraggy. 
 
 think, cogitate, consider, reflect, pon- 
 der, contemplate, meditate, muse, 
 conceive, fancy, imagine, apprehend, 
 hold, esteem, reckon, consider, re- 
 gard, deem, believe, opine. 
 
 thorough, accurate, correct, trust- 
 worthy, reliable, complete. (Super- 
 ficial. ) 
 
 thought, idea, conception, imagina- 
 tion, fancy, conceit, notion, supposi- 
 tion care, provision, consideration, 
 opinion, view, sentiment, reflection, 
 deliberation. 
 
 thoughtful, considerate, careful, re- 
 flective, cautious, heedful, contem- 
 plative, provident, pensive, dreamy. 
 (Thoughtless.) 
 
 thoughtless, inconsiderate, rash, im- 
 provident, precipitate, heedless. 
 
 tie, v., bind, restrain, restrict, oblige, 
 secure, unite, join. (Loose.) 
 
 tie, n., band, ligament, ligature. 
 
 time, duration, season, period, era, 
 age, date, span, spell. 
 
 tolerate, allow, admit, receive, suffer, 
 permit, let, endure, abide. (Op- 
 pose. ) 
 
 top, summit, apex, head, crown, sur- 
 face. (Bottom, base.) 
 
 torrid, burning, hot, parching, scorch- 
 ing, sultry. 
 
 tortuous, twisted, winding, crooked, 
 indirect. 
 
 torture, torment, anguish, agony. 
 
 touching, tender, affecting, moving, 
 pathetic. 
 
 tractable, docile, manageable, amen- 
 able. 
 
 trade, traffic, commerce, dealing, oc- 
 cupation, employment, office. 
 
 traditional, oral, uncertain, trans- 
 mitted. 
 
 traffic, trade, exchange, commerce, in- 
 tercourse. 
 
 trammel, n., fetter, shatter, clog, 
 bond, chain, impediment, hindrance. 
 
 tranquil, still, unruffled, peaceful, 
 quiet, hushed. (Noisy, boisterous.) 
 
 transaction, negotiation, occurrence, 
 proceeding, affair. 
 
 trash, nonsense, twaddle, trifles. 
 
 travel, trip, ramble, peregrination, ex- 
 cursion, journey, tour, voyage. 
 
 treacherous, traitorous, treasonable, 
 disloyal, faithless, false-hearted, per- 
 fidious, sly, false. (Trustworthy, 
 faithful.) 
 
 trite, stale, old, ordinary, common- 
 place, hackneyed. (Novel.) 
 
 triumph, achievement, ovation, vic- 
 tory, conquest, jubilation. (Fail- 
 ure, defeat.) 
 
 trivial, trifling, petty, small, frivo- 
 lous, unimportant, insignificant. 
 ( Important. ) 
 
 true, genuine, actual, sincere, true- 
 hearted, unaffected, honest, upright, 
 veritable, real, veracious, authentic, 
 exact, accurate, correct. 
 
 tumultuous, turbulent, riotous, dis- 
 orderly, disturbed, confused, unruly. 
 (Orderly.) 
 
 tune, tone, air, melody, strain. 
 
 turbid, foul, thick, muddy, impure, 
 unsettled. 
 
 type, emblem, symbol, figure, sign, let- 
 ter, sort, kind. 
 
 tyro, novice, beginner, learner. 
 
 ugly, unsightly, plain, homely, ill-fa- 
 vored, hideous. (Beautiful.) 
 
 umbrage, offense, dissatisfaction, dis- 
 pleasure, resentment. 
 
 umpire, referee, arbitrator, judge, ar- 
 biter. 
 
 unanimity, accord, agreement, unity, 
 concord. ( Discord. ) 
 
 unanimous, agreeing, like-minded, 
 
 unbridled, wanton, licentious, disso- 
 lute, loose, lax. 
 
 uncertain, doubtful, dubious, ques- 
 tionable, fitful, equivocal, ambigu- 
 ous, indistinct, variable, fluctuating. 
 
 uncivil, discourteous, disrespectful, 
 disobliging, rude. (Civil.) 
 
 unclean, dirty, foul, filthy, sullied. 
 (Clean.) 
 
 uncommon, rare, strange, scarce, 
 singular, choice. (Common, ordi- 
 nary. ) 
 
 unconcerned, careless, indifferent, 
 apathetic. (Anxious.) 
 
 uncouth, strange, odd, clumsy, un- 
 gainly. (Graceful.) 
 
 uncover, reveal, strip, expose, lay 
 bare, divest. (Hide.) 
 
 under, below, underneath, beneath, 
 subordinate, lower, inferior. (Above.) 
 
 understanding, knowledge, intellect, 
 intelligence, faculty, comprehension, 
 mind, reason, brains. 
 
 undertake, engage in, embark in, 
 agree, promise. 
 
 undo, annul, frustrate, untie, unfast- 
 en, destroy. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 uneasy, restless, disturbed, unquiet, 
 stiff, awkward. (Quiet.) 
 
 unequal, uneven, not alike, irregular, 
 insufficient. (Even.) 
 
 unequaled, matchless, unique, novel, 
 new, unheard of. 
 
 unfair, wrongful, dishonest, unjust. 
 (Fair.) 
 
 unfit, a., improper, unsuitable, incon- 
 sistent, untimely, incompetent. 
 (Fit.) 
 
 unfit, v., disable, disqualify, incapaci- 
 tate. (Fit.) 
 
 unfortunate, calamitous, ill-fated, 
 unlucky, wretched, unhappy, miser- 
 able. ( Fortunate. ) 
 
 ungainly, clumsy, awkward, lumber- 
 ing, uncouth. (Pretty.) 
 
 unhappy, miserable, wretched, dis- 
 tressed, afflicted, painful, disastrous, 
 drear, dismal. (Happy.) 
 
 uniform, regular, symmetrical, even, 
 equal, alike, unvaried. (Irregular.) 
 
 uninterrupted, continuous, perpet- 
 ual, unceasing, incessant, endless. 
 ( Intermittent. ) 
 
 union, junction, combination, alli- 
 ance, confederacy, league, coalition, 
 agreement, concert. (Disunion sep- 
 aration.) 
 
 unique, unequal, uncommon, rare, 
 choice, matchless. (Common, ordi- 
 nary.) 
 
 unite, join, conjoin, combine, concert, 
 add, attach, incorporate, embody, 
 clench, merge. (Separate, disrupt, 
 sunder.) 
 
 universal, general, all, entire, total, 
 catholic. (Sectional.) 
 
 unlimited, absolute, boundless, un- 
 defined, infinite. (Limited.) 
 
 unreasonable, foolish, silly, absurd. 
 
 unrivaled, unequaled, unique, unex- 
 ampled, incomparable, matchless. 
 (Mediocre.) 
 
 unroll, unfold, open, discover. 
 
 unruly, ungovernable, unmanageable, 
 refractory. (Tractable, docile.) 
 
 unusual, rare, unwonted, singular, 
 uncommon, remarkable, strange, ex- 
 traordinary. ( Common. ) 
 
 uphold, maintain, defend, sustain, 
 support, vindicate. (Desert, aban- 
 don.) 
 
 upright, vertical, perpendicular, just, 
 erect, equitable, fair, pure, honora- 
 ble. (Prone, horizontal.) 
 
 uprightness, honesty, integrity, fair- 
 ness, goodness, probity, honor, vir- 
 tue. (Dishonesty.) 
 
 urge, incite, impel, push, drive, insti- 
 gate, stimulate, press, solicit, in- 
 duce. 
 
 urgent, pressing, important, impera- 
 tive, immediate, serious, wanted. 
 (Unimportant.) 
 
 usage, custom, fashion, practice, pre- 
 scription. 
 
 use, n., usage, practice, habit, custom, 
 avail, advantage, utility, benefit, ap- 
 plication. (Disuse, desuetude.) 
 
 use, v., employ, exercise, occupy, ac- 
 custom, practice, inure. (Abuse.) 
 
 useful, advantageous, serviceable, 
 available, helpful, beneficial, good. 
 ( Useless. ) 
 
 useless, unserviceable, fruitless, idle, 
 profitless. (Useful.) 
 
 usual, ordinary, common, accustomed, 
 habitual, wonted, customary, gene- 
 ral. (Unusual.) 
 
 usurp, arrogate, seize, appropriate, 
 assume. 
 
 utmost, farthest, remotest, uttermost, 
 greatest. 
 
 utter, a., extreme, excessive, sheer, 
 mere, pure. 
 
 utter, v., speak, articulate, express, 
 pronounce, issue. 
 
 utterly, totally, completely, wholly, 
 quite, altogether, entirely. 
 
 vacant, empty, unfilled, unoccupied, 
 thoughtless, unthinking. ( Occupi- 
 ed.) 
 
 vagrant, n., wanderer, beggar, tramp, 
 vagabond, rogue. 
 
 vague, unsettled, undetermined, un- 
 certain, pointless, indefinite. (Def- 
 inite. ) 
 
 vain, useless, fruitless, empty, worth- 
 less, inflated, proud, conceited, un- 
 real, unavailing. (Effectual, hum- 
 ble, real.) 
 
 valiant, brave, bold, valorous, cour- 
 ageous, gallant. (Cowardly.) 
 
 valid, weighty, strong, powerful, ef- 
 ficient, sound, binding. (Invalid.) 
 
 valor, courage, gallantry, boldness, 
 bravery, heroism. (Cowardice.) 
 
 value, v., appraise, assess, reckon, ap- 
 preciate, estimate, prize, treasure, 
 esteem. (Despise, condemn.) 
 
 vanish, disappear, fade, melt, dis- 
 solve. 
 
 vanity, emptiness, conceit, self-con- 
 ceit, affectedness. 
 
 vapid, dull, flat, insipid, stale, tame. 
 ( Sparkling. ) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 vapor, fume, smoke, mist, fog, steam. 
 
 variable, changeable, unsteady, shift- 
 ing, inconstant, wavering, fickle, fit- 
 ful, restless. (Constant.) 
 
 variety, difference, diversity, change, 
 diversification, mixture, medley, mis- 
 cellany. (Sameness, monotony.) 
 
 vast, spacious, boundless, mighty, im- 
 mense, enormous, colossal, gigantic, 
 huge, prodigious. (Confined.) 
 
 vaunt, boast, brag, puff, hawk, adver- 
 tise, flourish, parade. 
 
 venerable, grave, sage, wise, old, rev- 
 erend. 
 
 venial, pardonable, excusable, justifi- 
 able. (Grave, serious.) 
 
 venom, poison, virus, spite, malice, 
 malignity. 
 
 venture, n., speculation, chance, per- 
 il, stake. 
 
 venture, v., dare, adventure, risk, 
 hazard, jeopardize. 
 
 veracity, truth, truthfulness, credi- 
 bility, accuracy. (Falsehood.) 
 
 verbal, oral, spoken, literal, parole, 
 unwritten. 
 
 verdict, judgment, finding, decision, 
 answer. 
 
 vexation, chagrin, mortification. 
 ( Pleasure. ) 
 
 vibrate, oscillate, swing, sway, wave, 
 undulate, thrill. 
 
 vice, vileness, corruption, depravity, 
 pollution, immorality, wickedness, 
 guilt, iniquity, crime. (Virtue.) 
 
 vicious, corrupt, depraved, debased, 
 bad, contrary, unruly, demoralized, 
 profligate, faulty. (Virtuous, gen- 
 tle.) 
 
 victim, sacrifice, food, prey, sufferer, 
 dupe, gull. 
 
 victuals, viands, bread, meat, repast, 
 provisions, fare, food. 
 
 view, prospect, survey. 
 
 violent, boisterous, furious, impetu- 
 ous, vehement. (Gentle.) 
 
 virtuous, upright, honest, moral. 
 (Profligate.) 
 
 vision, apparition, ghost, phantom, 
 specter. 
 
 voluptuary, epicure, sensualist. 
 
 vote, suffrage, voice. 
 
 vouch, affirm, asseverate, aver, as- 
 sure. 
 
 W 
 
 wait, await, expect, look for, wait for. 
 wakeful, vigilant, watchful. (Sleepy.) 
 
 wander, range, ramble, roam, rove, 
 stroll. 
 
 want, lack, need. (Abundance.) 
 
 wary, circumspect, cautious. (Fool- 
 hardy. ) 
 
 wash, clean, rinse, wet, moisten, tint, 
 stain. 
 
 waste, v., squander, dissipate, lavish, 
 destroy, decay, dwindle, wither. 
 
 wasteful, extravagant, profligate, 
 (Economical.) 
 
 way, method, plan, system, means, 
 manner, mode, form, fashion, course, 
 process, road, route, track, path, 
 habit, practice. 
 
 wave, breaker, billow, surge. 
 
 weak, feeble, infirm. (Strong.) 
 
 weaken, debilitate, enfeeble, enervate, 
 invalidate. (Strengthen.) 
 
 wearisome, tedious, tiresome. (In- 
 teresting, entertaining. ) 
 
 weary, harass, jade, tire, fatigue. 
 ( Refresh. ) 
 
 weight, gravity, heaviness, burden, 
 load. (Lightness.) 
 
 well-being, happiness, prosperity, 
 welfare. 
 
 whole, entire, complete, total, integ- 
 ral. (Part.) 
 
 wicked, iniquitous, nefarious. (Vir- 
 tuous.) 
 
 will, wish, desire. 
 
 willingly, spontaneously, voluntarily. 
 (Unwillingly.) 
 
 win, get, obtain, gain, procure, effect, 
 realize, accomplish, achieve. (Lose.) 
 
 winning, attractive, charming, fasci- 
 nating, bewitching, enchanting, daz- 
 zling, brilliant. (Repulsive.) 
 
 wisdom, prudence, foresight, sagacity, 
 far-sightedness. (Foolishness.) 
 
 wit, humor, satire, fun, raillery. 
 
 wonder, v., admire, amaze, astonish, 
 surprise. 
 
 wonder, n., marvel, miracle, prodigy. 
 
 word, n., expression, term. 
 
 work, labor, task, toil. (Play.) 
 
 worthless, valueless. (Valuable.) 
 
 writer, author, penman. 
 
 wrong, injustice, injury. (Right.) 
 
 yawn, gape, open wide. 
 
 yearn, hanker after, long for, desire, 
 
 crave. 
 yell, bellow, cry out, scream. 
 yellow, golden, saffron-like. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 yelp, bark, sharp cry, howl. 
 
 yet, besides, nevertheless, however, ul- 
 timately, notwithstanding, still, at 
 last, so far, thus far. 
 
 yield, bear, give, afford, impart, com- 
 municate, confer, bestow, abdicate, 
 resign, cede, surrender, relinquish, 
 relax, quit, forego, give up, let go, 
 waive, comply, accede, assent, ac- 
 quiesce, succumb, submit. 
 
 yielding, supple, pliant, bending, un- 
 resisting, compliant, submissive. 
 (Obstinate.) 
 
 yoke, v., couple, link, connect. 
 
 yore, long ago, long since. 
 
 young, juvenile, inexperienced, igno- 
 rant, youthful. 
 
 youth, boy, lad, minority, adolescence, 
 juvenility. 
 
 youthful, young, juvenile, boyish, 
 girlish, puerile. (Old.) 
 
 zeal, energy, fervor, ardor, earnest- 
 ness, enthusiasm, eagerness. (In- 
 difference. ) 
 
 zealous, warm, ardent, fervent, en- 
 thusiastic, anxious. (Careless, in- 
 different. ) 
 
 zest, relish, gusto, flavor. (Disgust.) 
 
Common English Christian Names, 
 
 with 
 
 THEIR DERIVATION, SIGNIFICATION, AND DIMINU- 
 TIVES, OR NICK-NAMES. 
 
 I. NAMES OF MEN. 
 
 Aaron. [Heb.] Lofty; inspired. 
 Abel. [Heb.] Breath; transitori- 
 
 ness ; vanity. 
 Abiel. [Heb.] Father of strength. 
 Abijah. [Heb.] To whom Jehovah 
 
 is a father. 
 Abner. [Heb.] Father of light. 
 Abraham. [Heb.] Father of a mul- 
 titude. — Dim. Abe. 
 Abram. [Heb.] Father of elevation. 
 
 — Dim. Abe. 
 Adam. [Heb.] Man; earth-man; 
 
 red earth. — Dim. Ade. 
 Adolpkus [O. H. Ger.] Noble wolf, 
 
 i. e., noble hero. 
 Adoniram. [Heb.] Lord of height. 
 Alan. Variously explained as a 
 
 hound [Slav.], harmony [Celt.], and 
 
 a corruption of Hilary, or of iElia- 
 
 nus. 
 Alaric. [O. H. Ger.] All-rich; or, 
 
 noble ruler. 
 Albert. [O. H. Ger.] Nobly bright ; 
 
 illustrious. 
 Albion. [Celt.] Mountainous land; 
 
 the ancient name of England. 
 Alexander. [Gr.] A defender of 
 
 men. — Dim. Aleck, Ellick, Sander, 
 
 Sandy, Sawnie. 
 Alfred. [O. H. Ger.] Elf in coun- 
 cil ; i. e., good counselor. — Dim. 
 
 Alf. 
 Algernon. [Fr.] With whiskers. 
 Alonzo. [O. Ger.] The same as 
 
 Alphonso, q. v. 
 Alpbens. [Heb.] Exchange. 
 Alphonso. [O. H. Ger.] All-ready; 
 
 willing. 
 
 Alvan! | f Heb - ] Tni <3 uit y- 
 
 Alvin,* I [O. H. Ger.] Beloved by 
 
 Alwin, ) all. 
 
 Amariah. [Heb.] Whom Jehovah 
 
 promised. 
 Amasa. [Heb.] A burden. 
 Ambrose. [Gr.] Immortal; divine. 
 Ammi, [Heb.] My people. 
 Amos. [Heb.] Strong; courageous; 
 
 otherwise, burden. 
 Andrew. [Gr.] Strong; manly. — 
 
 Dim. Andy. 
 Anselm. [O. H. Ger.] Protection 
 
 of God. 
 Anthony, ) [Lat.] Priceless ; praise- 
 Antony. } worthy. — Dim. Tony. 
 Archibald. [Ger.] Extremely bold; 
 
 otherwise, holy prince. — Dim. Ar- 
 
 chy. 
 Artemis. [Gr.] Gift of Artemis, 
 
 or Diana. 
 Arthur. [Celt.] High; noble. 
 Asa. [Heb.] Healer; physician. 
 Asahel. [Heb.] Made of God. 
 Asaph. [Heb.] A collector. 
 Asher. [Heb.] Happy: fortunate. 
 Ashnr. [Heb.] Black; blackness. 
 
 &SSU [Ijt^Mongin, to 
 
 Austin. ) Augustus. 
 
 Augustus. [Lat.] Exalted; impe- 
 rial. — Dim. Gus. . 
 
 Aurelius. [Lat.] Golden. 
 
 Azariah. [Heb.] Helped of the 
 Lord. 
 
 Baldwin. [O. H. Ger.] Bold, coura- 
 geous friend. 
 Baptist. [Gr.] A baptizer ; purifier. 
 
 Barnabyf' } S « n ° f isolation. 
 Bartholomew. [Heb.] A warlike 
 
 son. — Dim. Bat. 
 Barzillai. [Heb.] Iron of the Lord ; 
 
 firm ; true. 
 
Christian Names of Men 
 
 . [Gr.] Kingly; royal. 
 Benedict. [Lat.] Blessed. — Dim. 
 
 Bennet. 
 Benjamin. [Heb.] Son of the right 
 
 hand. — Dim. Ben, Benny. 
 Beriah. [Heb.] In calamity. 
 Bernard, | [0. H. Ger.] Bold as a 
 Barnard. J bear. 
 Bertram. [0. H. Ger.] Bright 
 
 raven. 
 Bezaleel. [Heb.] In the shadow 
 
 (protection) of God. 
 Boniface. [Lat.] A benefactor. 
 Brian. [Celt.] Strong. 
 Bruno. [O. H. Ger.] Brown. 
 
 Cadwallader. [Brit.] Battle- 
 
 arranger. 
 
 Caesar. [Lat.] Hairy; or blue-eyed; 
 or, born under the Csesarian opera- 
 tion. 
 
 Caleb. [Heb.] A dog. 
 
 Calvin. [Lat.] Bald. 
 
 Cecil. [Lat.] Dim-sighted. 
 
 Cephas. [Aramaic] A stone. 
 
 Charles. [O. H. Ger.] Strong; 
 manly ; noble-spirited. — Dim. Char- 
 lie, or Charley. 
 
 Christian. [Lat.] Belonging to 
 Christ ; a believer in Christ. — Dim. 
 Christie. 
 
 Christopher. [Gr.] Bearing Christ. 
 — Dim. Kester, Kit. Chris. 
 
 Clarence. [Lat.] Illustrious. 
 
 CWe US ' i ^ Lam - 
 
 Clement. [Lat.] Mild-tempered ; mer- 
 ciful. 
 
 Conrad. [O. H. Ger.] Bold in coun- 
 cil ; resolute. 
 
 Constant. [Lat.] Firm; faithful. 
 
 Constantine. [Lat.] Resolute ; firm. 
 
 Cornelius. [Lat.] (Uncertain). 
 
 Crispin, » 
 
 Crispus, > [Lat] Having curly hair. 
 
 Crispian. ) 
 
 Cuthbert. [A.-S.] Noted splendor. 
 
 Cyprian. [Gr.] Of Cyprus. 
 
 Cyril. [Gr.] Lordly. 
 
 Cyrus. [Per.] The sun. 
 
 'Daniel. [Heb.] A divine judge. — 
 
 Dim. Dan. 
 Darius. [Per.] Preserver. 
 David. [Heb.] Beloved. — Dim. 
 
 Davy, Dave. 
 Demetrius. [Gr.] Belonging to Ceres. 
 
 Denis, I [Gr.] Same as Dionysius. 
 
 Dennis, j [Fr. form.] 
 
 Derrick. [O. H. Ger.] A corruption 
 
 of Theodobic. 
 Dionysius. [Gr.] Belonging to Di- 
 
 onysos or Bacchus, the god of wine. 
 Donald. [Celt.] Proud chief. 
 Duncan. [Celt.] Brown chief. 
 
 Eben. [Heb.] A stone. 
 
 Ebenezer. [Heb.] The stone of help. 
 
 Edgar. [A.-S.] A javelin (or pro- 
 tector) of property. 
 
 Edmund. [A.-S.] Defender of prop- 
 erty. — Dim. Ed, Ned (a contraction 
 of "mine Ed"). 
 
 Edward. [A.-S.] Guardian of prop- 
 erty. — Dim. Ed, Eddy, Ned, Neddy, 
 Teddy. 
 
 Edwin. [A.-S.] Gainer of property. 
 — Dim. Ed, Eddv. 
 
 Egbert. [O. H. Ger.] The sword's 
 brightness ; famous with the sword. 
 
 Elbert. [O. H. Ger.] The same as 
 Albeet. 
 
 Eldred. [A.-S.] Terrible. 
 
 Eleazer. [Heb.] To whom God is 
 a help. 
 
 Eli. [Heb.] A foster son. 
 
 Eliab. [Heb.] God is his father. 
 
 Elias. [Heb.] The same as Elijah. 
 
 Elihu. [Heb.] God the Lord. 
 
 Elijah. [Heb.] Jehovah is my God. 
 
 Eliphalet. [Heb.] God of salvation. 
 
 Elisha. [Heb.] God my salvation. 
 
 Elizur. LHeb.] God is my rock. 
 
 Ellis. [Heb.] A variation of Eli- 
 sha. 
 
 Elmer. [A.-S.] Noble ; excellent. [A 
 contraction of Ethelmeb.] 
 
 Elnathan. [Heb.] God gave. 
 
 Emmanuel. [Heb.] God with us. 
 
 Emery, ) 
 
 Emmery, > [A.-S.] Powerful ; rich. 
 
 Emory. ) 
 
 Enoch. [Heb.] Consecrated; dedi- 
 cated. 
 
 Enos. [Heb.] Man. 
 
 Ephraim. [Heb.] Very fruitful. 
 
 Erasmus. [Gr.] Lovely; worthy 
 to be loved. 
 
 Erastus. [Ger.] Lovely; amiable. 
 
 Eric. [A.-S.] Rich ; brave ; powerful. 
 
 Ernest, 
 
 [Ger.] Earnest. 
 
 Ernestus. 
 Ethan. [Heb.] Firmness; strength. 
 Eugene. [Ger.] Wellborn; noble. 
 Eustace. [Gr.] Healthy; strong? 
 standing firm. 
 
Christian Names of Men 
 
 Evan. [Brit.] The same as John. 
 Esekiel. [Heb.] Strength of God. 
 
 — Dim. Zeke. 
 Ezra. [Heb.] Help. 
 
 Ferdinand. [0. H. Ger.] Brave; 
 valiant. 
 
 Fernando. [O. H. Ger.] Same as 
 Ferdinand. 
 
 Francis. [Fr.] Free. — Dim. Frank. 
 
 Frank. [Fr.] A contraction of Fran- 
 cis. 
 
 Frederic, ) [0. H. Ger.] Abound- 
 
 Frederick. ) ing in peace ; or 
 peaceful ruler. — Dim. Fred, Freddy. 
 
 Gains. [Lat.] Rejoiced. 
 
 Gamaliel. [Heb.] Recompense of 
 God. 
 
 Garret. [0. H. Ger.] Another form 
 of Gerald, or Gerard. 
 
 Geoffrey. [O. H. Ger.] The same 
 as Godfrey. 
 
 George. [Ger.] A landholder ; hus- 
 bandman. — Dim. Georgie, Geordie. 
 
 Gerald, J [O. H. Ger.] Strong with 
 
 Gerard. } the spear. 
 
 Gerskom. [Heb.] An exile. 
 
 Gideon. [Heb.] A destroyer. 
 
 Gilbert. [O. H. Ger.] Yellow-bright; 
 famous. 
 
 Giles. [Gr.] A kid. 
 
 Given. [Eng.] Gift of God. 
 
 Goddard. [O. Ger.] Pious; virtuous. 
 
 Godfrey. [O. H. Ger.] At peace with 
 God. 
 
 Gregory. [Ger.] Watchful; vigilant. 
 
 Griffith. [Brit.] Having great faith. 
 
 Gustavns. [Sw.] A warrior; hero. 
 
 Gny. [Fr.] A leader. 
 
 H 
 
 Hannibal. [Punic] Grace of Baal. 
 
 Harold. [A.-S.] A champion ; gen- 
 eral of an army. 
 
 Heman. [Heb.] Faithful. 
 
 Henry. [O. H. Ger.] The head or 
 chief of a house. — Dim. Hal, Harry 
 (by assimilation of consonant 
 sound), Hen. 
 
 Herbert. [A.-S.] Glory of the army. 
 
 Herman. [O. H. Ger.] A warrior. 
 
 Hezekiak. [Heb.] Strength of the 
 Lord. 
 
 Hilary. [Lat.] Cheerful ; merry. 
 
 Hiram. [Heb.] Most noble. 
 
 Horace. [Gr.] Same as Horatio. 
 [Fr. form.] 
 
 Horatio. [Gr.] (Uncertain). 
 Hosea. [Heb.] Salvation. 
 Howell. [Brit.] Sound ; whole. 
 Hnbert. [O. H. Ger.] Bright in 
 spirit ; soul-bright. 
 
 Hngk, 
 
 [D.] Mind ; spirit ; soul. 
 
 Hugo. 
 
 Humphrey. [A.-S.] Protector of the 
 home. 
 
 Ickabod. [Heb.] The glory has de- 
 parted. 
 
 Ignatius. [Gr.] Ardent ; fiery. 
 
 Immanuel. [Heb.] The same as 
 Emmanuel. 
 
 Increase. [Eng.] Increase of faith. 
 
 Ingram. [Teut.] Raven. 
 
 Inigo. [Gr.] The same as Igna- 
 tius. [Sp. form.] 
 
 Ira. [Heb.] Watchful. 
 
 Isaac. [Heb.] Laughter. — Dim. Ik, 
 Ike. 
 
 Isaiak. [Heb.] Salvation of the 
 Lord. 
 
 Israel. [Heb.] A soldier of God. 
 
 Ivan. [Brit.] The same as John. 
 
 Jabez. [Heb.] He will cause pain. 
 Jacob. [Heb.] A supplanter. — Dim. 
 
 Jake. 
 Jairus. [Heb.] He will enlighten. 
 James. [Heb.] The same as Jacob. 
 
 — Dim. Jeames, Jem, Jim, Jemmy, 
 
 Jimmy. 
 Japketk. [Heb.] Enlargement. 
 Jared. [Heb.] Descent. 
 Jason. [Gr.] A healer. 
 Jasper. [Per.] (Uncertain). 
 Jedediak. [Heb.] Beloved of the 
 
 Lord. 
 Jeffrey. [O. H. Ger.] The same as 
 
 Godfrey. 
 Jeremiak, 
 Jeremias, 
 Jeremy. 
 Jerome. Holy name. 
 Jesse [Heb.] Wealth. 
 Joab. [Heb.] Jehovah is his father. 
 Job. [Heb.] Afflicted; persecuted. 
 Joel. [Heb.] The Lord is God. 
 Jokn. [Heb.] The gracious gift of 
 
 God. — Dim. Johnny, Jack, Jock. 
 
 j£St}[ He M A dove. 
 Jonatkan. [Heb.] Gift of Jehovah. 
 Josepk. [Heb.] He shall add. — Dim. 
 Joe. 
 
 '} 
 
 [Heb.] 
 Lord. 
 
 Exalted of the 
 
Christian Names of Men 
 
 Joshua. [Heb.] God of salvation.— 
 Dim. Josh. 
 
 Josias 1 .' j [Heb - ] Given of the Lord - 
 
 Jotkam. [Heb.] The Lord is upright. 
 
 Judah. [Heb.] Praised. 
 
 Julian. [Lat.] Sprung from, or be- 
 longing to, Julius. — Dim. Jule. 
 
 Julius. [Gr.] Soft-haired. — Dim. 
 Jule. 
 
 Justin. [Lat.] Just. 
 
 Justus. [Lat.] Just. 
 
 Kenelm. [A.-S.] A defender of his 
 kindred. 
 
 Kenneth. [Gael.] A leader; com- 
 mander. 
 
 Laban. [Heb.] White. 
 
 Lambert. [O. H. Ger.] Illustrious 
 
 with landed possessions. 
 Lancelot. [It.] A little angel ; oth- 
 erwise, a little lance or warrior ; or 
 
 a servant. 
 Laurence, ) [Lat.] Crowned with 
 Lawrence, j laurel. — Dim. Larry 
 
 (Lawrie, Laurie, Scot.; Larry, 
 
 Irish.) 
 Lazarus. [Heb.] God will help. 
 Leander. [Gr.] Lion-man. 
 Lemuel. [Heb.] Created by God. 
 Leonard. [Ger.] Strong; or brave 
 
 as a lion. 
 Leonidas. [Gr.] Lion-like. 
 Leopold. [O. H. Ger.] Bold for the 
 
 people. 
 Levi. [Heb.] Adhesion. See Gen. 
 
 xxix. 34. 
 Lewis. [O. H. Ger.] Bold warrior. 
 
 — Dim. Lou. 
 Linus. [Gr.] Flaxen-haired. 
 Lionel. [Lat.] Young lion. 
 Llewellyn. [Celt.] Lightning. 
 Loammi. [Heb.] Not my people. 
 Lorenzo. [Lat.] ■ Same as Lau- 
 rence. [It. & Sp. forms.] 
 Lot. [Heb.] A veil ; a covering. 
 Louis. [O. H. Ger.] The same as 
 
 Lewis. [Fr. form.] 
 Lucian. [Lat.] Belonging to, or 
 
 sprung from, Lucius. 
 Lucius. [Lat.] Born at break of 
 
 day. 
 Ludovic. [O. H. Ger.] Same as 
 
 Lewis. [Ger. form.] 
 Luke. [Lat.] Light. 
 Luther. [Ger.] Illustrious warrior. 
 
 M 
 
 Madoc. [W.] Good; beneficent. 
 Malachi. [Heb.] Messenger of the 
 
 Lord. 
 Manasseh. [Heb.] Forgetfulness. 
 Marcellus. [Lat.] Dim. of Marcus. 
 Marcius. [Lat.] Same as Marcus. 
 Marcus, I [Lat.] A hammer; other- 
 Mark. } wise, a male, or sprung 
 
 from Mars. 
 Marmaduke. [A.-S.] A mighty 
 
 noble. 
 Martin. [Lat.] Of Mars ; warlike. 
 Matthew. [Heb.] Gift of Jehovah. 
 
 — Dim. Mat. 
 Maurice. [Lat] Moorish; dark- 
 colored. 
 Maximilian. [Lat.] The greatest 
 
 iEmilianus. 
 Micah. [Heb.] Who is like the Lord? 
 Michael. [Heb.] Who is like God? 
 
 — Dim. Mike. 
 Miles. [Lat.] A soldier. 
 Moses. [Egypt.] Drawn out of the 
 
 water. — Dim. Mose. 
 
 Nahum. [Heb.] Consolation. 
 
 Napoleon. [Gr.] Lion of the for- 
 est-dell. 
 
 Nathan. [Heb.] Given ; a gift. 
 
 Nathanael, / [Heb.] The gift of 
 
 Nathaniel. ) God. 
 
 Neal, ) [Lat.] Dark; swarthy; othef* 
 
 Neil, j wise [Celt.], chief. 
 
 Nehemiah. [Heb.] Comfort of the 
 Lord. 
 
 Nicholas, ) [Gr.] Victory of the peo- 
 
 Nicolas. J pie. — Dim. Nick. 
 
 Noah. [Heb.] Rest; comfort. 
 
 Noel. [Lat. Dies Natalis.] Christ- 
 mas ; born on Christmas day. 
 
 Norman. [Ger.] A Northman; a 
 native of Normandy. 
 
 O 
 
 Obadiah. [Heb.] Servant of the 
 
 Lord. 
 Obed. [Heb.] Serving God. 
 
 oStS™?* } [Lat] The eighth-born. 
 
 Oliver. [Lat.] An olive-tree. 
 
 Orestes. [Gr.] A mountaineer. 
 
 Orlando. [Teut.] Same as Row- 
 land. [It. form.] 
 
 Oscar. [Celt.] Bounding warrior. 
 
 Oswald. [O. H. Ger.] Power of 
 God. 
 
 Owen. [Celt.] Lamb ; otherwise, 
 young warrior. 
 
Christian Names of Men 
 
 Patrick. [Lat.] Noble ; a patrician. 
 —Dim. Pat, Paddy. 
 
 f^lusj^ Little - 
 Peleg. [Heb.] Division. 
 Peregrine. [Lat.] A stranger. 
 Peter. [Gr.] A rock. — Dim. Pete, 
 
 Peterkin. 
 Philander. [Gr.] A lover of men. 
 Philemon. [Gr.] Loving; friendly. 
 Philip. [Gr.] A lover of horses. — 
 
 Dim. Phil, Pip. 
 
 PMnX's. | L Heb 'l Mouth of brass ' 
 Pius. [Lat.] Pious ; dutiful. 
 Pliny. [Lat.] (Uncertain.) 
 Preserved. [Eng.] Redeemed. 
 
 Quintin. [Lat.] The fifth. 
 
 Ralph. [O. H. Ger.] Same as Ro- 
 
 DOLPHUS. 
 
 Raphael. [Heb.] The healing of 
 God. 
 
 Raymond. [O. H. Ger.] Wise pro- 
 tection. 
 
 Reginald. [O. H. Ger.] Strong 
 ruler. 
 
 Reuben. [Heb.] Behold, a son. 
 
 Reuel. [Heb.] Friend of God. 
 
 Reynold. [O. H. Ger.] Same as 
 Reginald. 
 
 Richard. [O. H. Ger.] Rich-heart- 
 ed ; powerful. — Dim. Dick, Dicken, 
 Dickon (d and r being etymological- 
 ]y convertible). 
 
 Robert. [O. H. Ger.] Bright in fame. 
 —Dim. Bob, Dob, Dobbin, Rob, 
 Robin, Pop. 
 
 Roderic, j [O. H. Ger.] Rich in 
 
 Roderick. ) fame. 
 
 Rodolph, ) [O. H. Ger.] Famous 
 
 Rodolphus. j wolf, or hero. 
 
 Roger. [O. H. Ger.] Famous with 
 the spear. — Dim. Hodge, Hodgkin 
 (h and r being etymologically con- 
 vertible.) 
 
 Roland. [O. H. Ger.] Same as 
 Rowland. [Fr. form.] 
 
 Rowland. [O. H. Ger.] Fame of 
 the land. 
 
 Rudolph, I [O. H. Ger.] Varia- 
 
 Rudolphus. ) tions of Rodolphus. 
 
 Rufus. [Lat.] Red; red-haired. 
 
 Rupert. [O. H. Ger.] The same as 
 
 ROBEET. 
 
 s 
 
 Salmon. [Heb.] Shady. 
 
 Samson, / [Heb.] Splendid sun; 
 
 Sampson. J i. e., great joy and 
 felicity. 
 
 Samuel. [Heb.] Heard of God; 
 asked for of God. — Dim. Sam, Sam- 
 my. 
 
 Saul. [Heb.] Asked for. 
 
 Seba. [Heb.] Eminent. 
 
 Sebastian. [Gr.] Venerable; rev- 
 erend. 
 
 !eren"us.j ^^ Calm ' P eaceful - 
 
 Seth. [Heb.] Appointed. 
 
 Sigismund. [O. H. Ger.] Conquer- 
 ing protection. 
 
 Silas. [Lat.] A contraction of Sil- 
 vanus. 
 
 Silvanus. [Lat.] Living in a wood. 
 
 Silvester. [Lat.] Bred in the coun- 
 try ; rustic. 
 
 Simeon, ) [Heb.] Hearing with ac- 
 
 Simon. \ ceptance. — Dim. Sim. 
 
 Solomon. [Heb.] Peaceable. — Dim. 
 Sol. 
 
 Stephen. [Gr.] A crown. — Dim. 
 Steve. 
 
 lylvanus. } The same as Silvantjs. 
 Sylvester. The same as Silvester. 
 
 Thaddeus. [Syr.] The wise. 
 
 Theobald. [O. II. Ger.] Bold for 
 the people. 
 
 Theodore. [Gr.] The gift of God. 
 
 Theodoric. [A.-S.] Powerful among 
 the people. 
 
 Theophilus. [Gr.] A lover of God. 
 
 Theron. [Gr.] A hunter. 
 
 Thomas. [Heb.] A twin. — Dim. 
 Tom, Tommy. 
 
 Timothy. [Gr.] Fearing God. — Dim. 
 Tim. 
 
 Titus. [Gr.] (Uncertain.) 
 
 Tobiah, \ [Heb. J Distinguished of 
 
 Tobias. j the Lord. — Dim. Toby. 
 
 Tristam, ) [Lat.] Grave; pensive; 
 
 Tristram, j melancholy ; sorrow- 
 ful ; sad. 
 
 V 
 
 Ulysses. [Gr.] A hater. 
 Urban. [Lat.] Of the town; cour- 
 teous ; polished. 
 Uriah. [Heb.] Light of the Lord. 
 Urian. [Dan.] A husbandman. 
 Uriel. [Heb.] Light of God. 
 
Christian Names of Men 
 
 Valentine. [Lat.] Strong ; healthy ; 
 powerful. 
 
 Victor. [Lat.] A conqueror. 
 
 Vincent. [Lat.] Conquering; vic- 
 torious. 
 
 Vivian. [Lat.] Lively. 
 
 W 
 
 Walter. [O. H. Ger.] Ruling the 
 host.— Dim. Wat, Walt. 
 
 William. [O. H. Ger.] Resolute 
 helmet, or, helmet of resolution ; de- 
 fense ; protector. — Dim. Will, Willy, 
 and (by interchange of convertible 
 letters) Bill, Billy. 
 
 Winfred. [A.-S.] Win-peace. 
 
 Zabdiel. [Heb.] Gift of God. 
 Zacclieus. [Heb.] Innocent; pure. 
 Zachariah, ) [Heb.] Remembered of 
 Zachary. i the Lord. — Dim. 
 
 Zach. 
 Zadok. [Heb.] Just. 
 Zebadiah, | L Heb.] Gift of the 
 Zebedee. J Lord. 
 Zebina. [Heb.] Bought. 
 Zechariah. [Heb.] The same as 
 
 Zachabiah. 
 Zedekiah. [Heb.] Justice of the 
 
 Lord. 
 Zelotes. [Gr.] A zealot. 
 Zenas. [Gr.] Gift of Jupiter. 
 Zephaniah. [Heb.] Hid of the 
 
 Lord. 
 
 IL NAMES OF WOMEN- 
 
 Abigail. [Heb.] My father's joy. 
 
 — Dim. Abby. 
 Acbsa. [Heb.] Anklet. 
 Ada. [O. H. Ger.] Same as Edith. 
 Adaline. [O. H. Ger.] Same as 
 
 A DELIrVE 
 
 Adela. [0. H. Ger.] Same as Ade- 
 line. 
 
 Adelaide. [0. H. Ger.] Same as 
 Adeline. 
 
 Adelia. [0. H. Ger.] A variation 
 of Adela. 
 
 Adelina, j [O. H. Ger.] Of noble 
 
 Adeline. j birth ; a princess. — Dim. 
 Addy. 
 
 Agatha. [Gr.] Good; kind. 
 
 Agnes. [Gr.] Chaste; pure. 
 
 Alberta. [O. H. Ger.] Feminine of 
 Albert. 
 
 Alethea. {Gr.] Truth. 
 
 Alexandra, ) [Gr.] Feminine of 
 
 Alexandrina. j Alexander. 
 
 Alice, > [O. H. Ger.] Same as Ade- 
 
 Alicia. J line. — Dim. Ally, or Allie. 
 Elsie. 
 
 Almira. [Ar.] Lofty : a princess. 
 
 Altbea. [Gr.] A healer. 
 
 Amabel. [Lat.l Lovable. 
 
 Amanda. [Lat.] Worthy to be 
 loved. 
 
 Amelia. [O. H. Ger.] Busy, ener- 
 getic. — See Emeline. 
 Amy. [Lat.] Beloved. 
 
 i33&}[ Qr -i LoTCly: ange,ic - 
 
 Ann, } [Heb.] Grace; — same as 
 
 Anna, > Hannah. — Dim. Annie, 
 
 Anne. ) Nanny, Nancy, Nan, 
 Nina. 
 
 Annette. [Heb.] A variation of 
 Anne. [Fr. form.] 
 
 Antoinette. [Gr.] Diminutive of 
 Antonia. [Fr. form.] — Dim. Net- 
 ty. 
 
 Antonia. [Lat.] Inestimable. 
 
 Arabella. [Lat.] A fair altar ; oth- 
 erwise, an Arabian woman. — Dim. 
 Bella, Bel. 
 
 Ariana. [ Gr.] A corruption of 
 Ariadne. 
 
 Augusta. [Lat.] Feminine of Au- 
 gustus. 
 
 Aurelia. [Lat.] Feminine of Au- 
 
 RELIUS. 
 
 Aurora. [Lat.] Morning redness ; 
 fresh ; brilliant. 
 
 Barbara. [Gr.] Foreign ; strange. 
 
 — Dim. Bab. 
 Beatrice, / [Lat.] Making hap- 
 Beatrix. J py. 
 
 Belinda. (Uncertain.) 
 Bertha. [O. H. Ger.] Bright; 
 
 beautiful. — Dim. Berty. 
 Betsey. [Heb.] A corruption of 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
Christian Names of Women 
 
 llancne.j ^^ White ' 
 Bridget. [Celt.] Strength.- 
 Biddy. 
 
 -Dim. 
 
 Camilla. [Lat.] Attendant at a 
 sacrifice. 
 
 Caroline. [O. H. Ger.] Feminine 
 of Cakoltts, the Latin of Charles. 
 [Fr. form.] — Dim. Carrie, Caddie. 
 
 Cassandra. [Gr.] She who inflames 
 with love. 
 
 Catharina, } [Gr.] Pure. — Dim. 
 
 Catharine, > Casy, Kate, Kat- 
 
 Catherine. ) rine, Kit, Kitty. 
 
 Cecilia, ) [Lat.] Feminine of Ce- 
 
 Cecily. j cil. — Dim. Sisley, Sis, 
 Cis. 
 
 Celestine. [Lat.] Heavenly. 
 
 Celia. [Lat.] Feminine of Cce- 
 Lius. [It. form.] 
 
 Charlotte. [O. H. Ger.] Feminine 
 of Chaeles. 
 
 Chloe. [Gr.] A green herb ; blooming. 
 
 Christiana, ) [Gr.] Feminine of 
 
 Christina. J Cheistianus, Lat. 
 
 for Christian. — Dim. Chrissie, Xina. 
 
 Cicely. [Lat.] A corruption of Ce- 
 cilia. 
 
 Clara. [Lat.] Bright ; illustrious. 
 — Dim. Clare. 
 
 Clarice, / [Lat.] A variation of 
 
 Clarissa. J Claea. — Dim. Clare. 
 
 Clandia. [Lat.] Feminine of Clau- 
 dius. 
 
 Clementina 
 
 Clementine. 
 
 [Lat.] Mild; gentle. 
 
 Constance. LLat.] Firm ; constant. 
 
 Cora. [Gr.] Maiden; — another form 
 of Coeinna. 
 
 Cordelia. [Lat.] Warm-hearted. 
 
 Corinna. [Gr.] Maiden. 
 
 Cornelia. [Lat.] Feminine of Cor- 
 nelius. 
 
 Cynthia. [Gr.] Belonging to Mt. 
 Cynthus. 
 
 D 
 
 Deborah. [Heb.] A bee. — Dim. 
 Debby, Deb. 
 
 Delia. [Gr.] Of Delos. 
 
 Diana. [Lat.] Goddess.— Dim. Di, 
 Die. 
 
 Dinah. [Heb.] Judged. 
 
 Dora. [Gr.] A contraction of Dor- 
 othea. 
 
 Dorcas. [Gr.] A gazelle. 
 
 Dorinda. [Gr.] Same as Doro- 
 thea. 
 
 Dorothea, ) [Gr.] The gift of God. 
 
 Dorothy. ( —Dim. Dol, Dolly (1 
 
 and r being etymologically converti- 
 ble.) 
 
 Drusilla. ( Uncertain. ) 
 
 £ 
 
 Edith. [O. H. Ger.] Happiness; 
 otherwise, rich gift. 
 
 Edna. [Heb.] Pleasure. 
 
 Eleanor, / [Gr.] Light; — the same 
 
 Elinor. ) as Helen. — Dim. Ella, 
 Nell, Nora. 
 
 Elisabeth, ) [Heb.] Worshiper of 
 
 Elizabeth, > God ; consecrated to 
 
 Eliza. ) God. — Dim. Bess, 
 
 Bessey, Betsey, Betty, Lizzy, Libby, 
 Lisa. 
 
 Ella. [Gr.] A contraction of Ele- 
 anor. 
 
 Ellen. [Gr.] Diminutive of Eleanor. 
 
 Elvira. [Lat.] White. 
 
 Emeline, ) [O. H. Ger.] Ener- 
 
 Emmeline. j getic ; industrious. 
 
 Emily. [O. H. Ger.] Same as Em- 
 eline. 
 
 Emma. [O. H. Ger.] Same as Eme- 
 line. — Dim. Emm, Emmie. 
 
 Ernestine. [Ger.] Feminine and 
 dim. of Ernest. 
 
 Esther. [Per.] Star; good fortune. 
 
 Ethel. [O. H. Ger.] Noble; of 
 noble birth ; — same as Adela. 
 
 !t£lli£d'aJ[ Teut -:i Noble snake. 
 
 Eudora. [Gr.] Good gift. 
 
 Eugenia. [Gr.] Feminine of Eu- 
 gene. 
 
 Eugenie. [Gr.] Same as Euge- 
 nia. [Fr. form.] 
 
 Eulalia. [Gr.] Fair speech. 
 
 Eunice. [Gr.] Happy victory. 
 
 Euphemia. [Gr.] Of good report. 
 —Dim. Effie. 
 
 Eva. [Heb.] Life. 
 
 Evangeline. [Gr.] Bringing glad 
 news. 
 
 Eve. [Heb.] The same as Eva. 
 
 Evelina, \ [Heb.] Diminutive of 
 
 Eveline, j Eva. [It. form.] 
 
 Fanny. [Ger.] A diminutive of 
 Frances. 
 
 Faustina. [Lat.] Lucky. 
 
 Felicia. [Lat.] Happiness. 
 
 Fidelia. [Lat.] Faithful. 
 
 Flora. [Lat.] Flowers. 
 
 Florence. [Lat.] Blooming ; flour- 
 ishing. 
 
Christian Names of Women 
 
 Frances. [Ger.] Feminine of Fran- 
 cis. — Dim. Fanny, Frank. 
 
 Frederick. [0. H. Ger.] Feminine 
 of Frederick. — Dim. Freddie. 
 
 Georgiana, ) [Gr.] Feminine of 
 Georgina. j George. 
 
 Geraldine. Feminine of Gerald. 
 Gertrude. [0. H. Ger.] Spear- 
 maiden. — Dim. Gertie, Trudy. 
 
 Gratii. I t Lat -J Grace > favor ' 
 Griselda. [Teut.] Stone-heroine. 
 — Dim. Grissel. 
 
 Hannah. [Heb.] The same as Anna. 
 Harriet, \ [0. H. Ger.] Feminine di- 
 Harriot. j minutive of Henry [Eng. 
 
 form.] — Dim. Hatty. 
 Helen, ) [Gr.] Light.— Dim. Nell, 
 Helena, j Nelly. 
 Henrietta. [O. H. Ger.] Feminine 
 
 and diminutive of Henry. [Fr. 
 
 form.] — Dim. Etta, Hetty. 
 Hephzibah. [Heb.] My delight is 
 
 in her. 
 
 Hither. h Per -l Same as Esther. 
 Hilaria. [Lat.] Feminine of Hilary. 
 hSS.1 tl*t] Honorable. 
 Hortensia. [Lat.] A lady gardener. 
 Huldah. [Heb.] A weasel. 
 
 Ida. [O. H. Ger.] Godlike. 
 
 Inez. [Gr.] The same as Agnes. 
 
 [Pg. form.] 
 Irene. [Gr.] Peaceful. 
 Isabel, I [Heb.] The same as Eliz- 
 Isabella. j\ abeth. — Dim. Bel, Bella. 
 
 Jamesinao [Heb.] Feminine of 
 James. 
 
 Jane. [Heb.] Feminine of John; 
 — Same as Joanna. 
 
 Janet. [Heb.] Dim. of Jane. 
 
 Jaqueline. [Heb.] Feminine of 
 James. [Fr. form.] 
 
 Jean, j [Heb.] The same as 
 
 Jeanne, / Jane or Joan. 
 
 Jeannette. j, [Fr. forms.] 
 
 Jemima. [Heb.] A dove. 
 
 Jerusha. [Heb.] Possessed ; mar- 
 ried. 
 
 Joanna. j t Heb ^ Feminine of John. 
 
 [Heb.] Feminine of 
 Joseph. — Dim. 
 
 Josepha, ) 
 Josephine. ) 
 
 Jozy, Pheny. 
 
 Joyce. [Lat.] Sportive. 
 
 Judith. [Heb.] Praised. — Dim. Judy 
 
 Julia. [Lat.] Feminine of Julius. 
 
 Juliana. [Lat.] Feminine of Ju- 
 lian. 
 
 Juliet. [Lat.] Diminutive of Ju- 
 lia. [Fr. form.] 
 
 Justina. [Lat.] Feminine of Jus- 
 tin. 
 
 Katharine, ) [Gr.] Same as Cath- 
 Katherine. ) arine. 
 
 Keturah. [Heb.] Incense. 
 Keziah. [Heb.] Cassia. 
 
 Laura. [Lat.] A laurel. 
 
 Lavinia. [Lat] Of Latium. 
 
 Leonora. [Gr.] Same as Eleanor. 
 
 Letitia. [Lat.] Happiness. 
 
 Lettice. A corruption of Letitia. 
 
 Lilian, 
 
 Lilly. 
 
 Lois. [Gr.] Good ; desirable. 
 
 Louisa, ) [0. H. Ger.] Feminine of 
 
 Louise. ) Louis. — Dim. Louie. 
 
 Lucia. [Lat.] Same as Lucy. [It. 
 
 form.] 
 Lucinda. [Lat.] The same as Lucy. 
 Lucre tia. [Lat.] Gain ; otherwise, 
 
 light. 
 Lucy. [Lat.] Feminine of Lucius. 
 Lydia. [Gr.] A native of Lydia, in 
 
 Asia Minor. 
 
 [Lat.] Lily. 
 
 M 
 
 Mabel. [Lat.] A contraction of 
 Amabel. 
 
 Madeline. [Heb.] Same as Mag- 
 dalene. [Fr. form.] 
 
 Magdalene. [Heb.] Belonging to 
 Magdala. — Dim. Maud, Maudlin. 
 
 Mar cell a. [Lat.] Feminine of Mar- 
 
 CELLUS. 
 
 Marcia. Feminine of Marcius. 
 
 Margaret. [Gr.] A pearl. — Dim. 
 Gritty, Mag, Madge, Maggy, Margie, 
 Margery, Meg, Meggy, Meta, Peer, 
 Peggy (m and p being cognate let- 
 ters). 
 
 Maria. [Heb.] The same as Mary. 
 [Lat. form.] 
 
 Marianne. [Heb.] A compound of 
 Mary and Anne. 
 
 Marion. [Heb.] A French form of 
 Mary. 
 
Christian Names of Women 
 
 Martha. [Heb.] The ruler of the 
 house ; otherwise sorrowful. — Dim. 
 Mat, Matty, Pat, Patty. 
 
 Mary. [Heb.] Bitter; otherwise, 
 their rebellion, or star of the sea. — 
 Dim. Moll, Molly, Pol, Polly, May. 
 
 Mathilda, [O. H. Ger.] Mighty bat- 
 Matilda. ) tie-maid; heroine. — 
 Dim. Mat, Matty, Maud, Patty (m 
 and p being- convertible). 
 
 Maud. A contraction of Mathilda, 
 or Magdalene. 
 
 May. A Diminutive of Mary. 
 
 Mehetahel, ) [Heb.] Benefited of 
 
 Mehitahle. 1 God. 
 
 Melicent. [Lat] Sweet singer, 
 
 Melissa. [Gr.] A bee. 
 
 Mildred. [Ger.] Mild threatener. 
 
 Miranda. [Lat.] Admirable. 
 
 Miriam. [Heb.] The same as Mary. 
 
 Myra. [Gr.] She who weeps or la- 
 ments. 
 
 N 
 Nancy. A familiar form of Anne. 
 
 — Dim. Nan, Nance, Nina. 
 Nora. A contraction of Honora, 
 
 Octavia. [Lat.] Feminine of Octa- 
 vius. — Dim. Tavy, Tave. 
 
 Slivia. } £ Lat '] Anolive « 
 Ophelia. [Gr.] Serpent. 
 Olympia. [Gr.] Heavenly. 
 
 Paula. [Lat.] Feminine of Paul. 
 Paulina, ) [Lat.] Feminine of Pau- 
 Pauline. J LINUS. 
 Penelope. [Gr.] A weaver. 
 Persis. [Gr.] A Persian woman. 
 Philippa. [Gr.] Feminine of Philip. 
 Phoebe. [ Gr. ] Pure ; radiant. — 
 
 Dim. Phpbe. 
 Phebe. [Gr.] The same as Phcebe. 
 Phyllis. [Gr.] A green bough. 
 Polly. [Eng.] Variation of Molly. 
 Pris cilia. [Lat.] Somewhat old. 
 
 Rachel. [Heb.] A ewe. 
 Rebecca, J [Heb.] Of enchanting 
 Rebekah. J beauty. — Dim. Becky. 
 Rhoda. [Ger.] A rose. 
 Rosa. [Lat.] A rose. 
 Rosabel, / rT . n . » . 
 Rosabella. } [Lat 'l A fair rose - 
 Rosalia, ) [Lat.] Little and bloom- 
 Rosalie. J ing rose. [Fr. and It. 
 forms.] 
 
 [Gr.] A prophetess. 
 
 Rosalind. [Lat.] Beautiful as a rose. 
 Rosamond. [Teut.] Horse-protec- 
 tion, i. e. famous protection. 
 Roxana. [Per.] Dawn of day. 
 Ruth. [Heb.] Beauty. 
 
 S 
 Sabina. [Lat.] A Sabine woman. 
 Salome. [Heb.] Peaceful. 
 Sara, ) [Heb.] A princess. — Dim. 
 Sarah. } Sal, Sally. 
 Selina [Gr.] Parsley. 
 Serena. [Lat.] Feminine of Se- 
 
 renus or Sereno. 
 Sibyl, 
 Sibylla. 
 
 Sophia. [Gr.] Wisdom. — Dim. Sophy. 
 Sophronia. [Gr.] Of a sound mind. 
 Stella. [Lat.] A star. 
 Stephana. [Gr.] Feminine of 
 
 Stephen. 
 
 i™« an ' I [Heb.] A lily.— Dim. 
 
 lulannah.J Sue, Suke, Suky, Suzy. 
 
 T 
 
 Tabitha. [Syr.] A gazelle. 
 
 Theodora. [Gr.] Feminine of 
 Theodore. — Dim. Dora. 
 
 Theodosia. [Gr.] The gift of God. 
 
 Theresa. [Gr.] Carrying ears of 
 corn. — Dim. Terry, Tracy. 
 
 Tryphena. [Gr.] Delicate; luxuri- 
 ous. 
 
 Tryphosa. [Gr.] Luxurious ; dainty. 
 
 V 
 
 Ulrica. [O. H. Ger.] Rich. 
 Urania. [Gr.] Heavenly; — the 
 
 name of one of the Muses. 
 Ursula. [Lat.] She-bear. 
 
 Feminine of Va- 
 Victory. Fem- 
 
 Valeria. [Lat.] 
 
 lerius. 
 Victoria. [Lat.] 
 
 inine of Victor. 
 Vida. [Erse.] Feminine of David. 
 Viola. [Lat.] A violet. 
 Virginia. [Lat.] Virgin ; pure. 
 Vivian. [Lat.] Lively. 
 
 W 
 
 Wilhelmina. [O. H. Ger.] Fem- 
 inine of Wilhelm, German 'of 
 William. — Dim. Wilmett, Wilmot, 
 Mina, Minella. 
 
 Winifred. [Teut.] Lover of peace. 
 
 Zenobia. 
 
 Jupiter. 
 
 [Gr.] Having life from 
 
FOREIGN 
 
 WORDS, PHRASES, PROVERBS, QUOTATIONS, AND 
 COLLOQUIAL EXPRESSIONS, 
 
 FREQUENTLY OCCURRING IN 
 
 LITERATURE AND CONVERSATION, 
 
 WITH THEIR 
 
 ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS. 
 
 Note. — L. Latin; Fr. French; Ger. German; It. Italian; Sp. Spanish; Or. Greek. 
 
 a bas. [Fr.] Down; at the foot; 
 upon the ground. 
 
 a la Francaise. [Fr.] After the 
 French mode. 
 
 a la mode. [Fr.] In fashion. 
 
 a l'Anglaise. [Fr.] After the Eng- 
 lish fashion. 
 
 a Foutrance. [Fr.] To the utmost. 
 
 a plomb. [Fr.] Perpendicularly. 
 
 a propos. [Fr.] To the point. 
 
 a propos de bottes. [Fr.] Apro- 
 pos to boots ; without reason. 
 
 a fortiori. [L.] With stronger rea- 
 son. 
 
 a mensa et tboro. [L.] From bed 
 and board. 
 
 a posteriori. [L.] From the effect 
 to the cause. 
 
 a priori. [L.] From the cause to 
 the effect. 
 
 a vinculo matrimonii. [L.] From 
 the tie of marriage. 
 
 ab extra. [L.] From without. 
 
 ab initio. [L.] From the begin- 
 ning. 
 
 ab intra. [L.] From within. 
 
 ab ovo usque ad mala. [L.] From 
 the egg to the apples ; from begin- 
 ning to end. 
 
 ab uno disce omnes. [L.] From 
 one learn all ; from a single instance 
 infer the whole. 
 
 absente reo. [L.] The defendant 
 being absent. 
 
 abusus non tollit usunt. [L.] 
 Abuse is not an argument against 
 proper use. 
 
 ad astra. [L.] To the stars, or to 
 an exalted state. 
 
 ad Calendas Grsecas. [L.] At the 
 Greek Calends ; i. e., never, as the 
 Greeks had no Calends. 
 
 ad captandum vulgus. [L.] To 
 catch the rabble. 
 
 ad eundem (sc. gradum). [L.] To 
 the same degree. 
 
 ad finem. [L.] To the end. 
 
 ad hominem. [L.] To the man; 
 that is, to his interests and passions. 
 
 ad infinitum. [L.] To infinity. 
 
 ad interim. [L.] In the mean while. 
 
 ad libitum. [L.] At pleasure. 
 
 ad nauseam. [L.] To disgust. 
 
 ad utrumque paratus. [L.] Pre- 
 pared for either event. 
 
 ad valorem. [L.] According to the 
 value. 
 
 adscriptus glebse. [L.] Belonging 
 or attached to the soil. 
 
 sequam servare mentem. [L.] To 
 preserve an equable mind. 
 
 aequo animo. [L.] With an equa- 
 ble mind ; with equanimity. 
 
 setatis suae. [L.] Of his (or her) age. 
 
 affaire d' amour. [Fr.] A love af- 
 fair. 
 
Words, Phrases, Proverbs 
 
 affaire du coeur. [Fr.] An affair 
 
 of the heart. 
 agenda. [L.] Things to be done. 
 alere flammam. [L.] To feed the 
 
 flame. 
 alls volat propriis. [L.] She flies 
 
 with her own wings ; — the motto of 
 
 Oregon. 
 all ons. [Fr.] Let us go; come. 
 alma mater. [L.] A fostering 
 
 mother. 
 alter ego. [L.] Another self. 
 alter idem. [L.] Another precisely 
 
 similar 
 amende honorable. [Fr.] Satis- 
 factory apology ; reparation. 
 amicus curiae. [L.] A friend of 
 
 the court. 
 amour propre. [Fr.] Self-love ; 
 
 vanity. 
 ancien regime. [Fr.] Ancient order 
 
 of things. 
 anglice. [L.] According to the 
 
 English manner. 
 anno set at is suae. [L.] In the year 
 
 of his (or her) age. 
 anno Christi. [L.] In the year of 
 
 Christ. 
 anno Domini. [L.] In the year 
 
 of our Lord. 
 anno mundi. [L.] In the year of 
 
 the world. 
 anno urbis conditae. [L.] In the 
 
 year the city (Rome) was built. 
 antebellum. [L.] Before the war. 
 ante meridiem. [L.] Before noon. 
 appui. [Fr.] Point of support. 
 aqua vitae. [L.] Brandy; spirit; 
 
 alcohol. 
 arbiter elegantiarum. [L.] An 
 
 umpire in matters of taste. 
 argumentum ad hominem. [L.] 
 
 An argument deriving its force from 
 
 the situation of the person to whom 
 
 it is addressed. 
 argumentum ad ignorantiam. 
 
 [L.] An argument founded on an 
 
 adversary's ignorance of facts. 
 argumentum ad verecundiam. 
 
 [L.] An argument to modesty. 
 arriere pensee. [Fr.] A mental 
 
 reservation. 
 au contraire. [Fr.] On the con- 
 trary. 
 au fait. [Fr.] Well instructed. 
 au reste. [Fr.] As for the rest. 
 au revoir. [Fr.] Adieu until we 
 
 meet again. 
 audi alteram partem. [L.] Hear 
 
 the other side. 
 
 auri sacra fames. [L.] The ac- 
 cursed thirst for gold. 
 
 aut vincere aut mori. [L.] Either 
 to conquer or to die. 
 
 aux armes. [Fr.] To arms. 
 
 bas-bleu. [Fr.] A bluestocking. 
 beau monde. [Fr.] The fashionable 
 
 world. 
 beaux esprits. [Fr.] Gay spirits ; 
 
 men of wit. 
 beauxyeux. [Fr.] Handsome eyes ; 
 
 that is, attractive looks. 
 bel esprit. [Fr.] A brilliant mind. 
 bentrovato. [It.] Well found ; a 
 
 happy invention. 
 bete noir. [Fr.] A^ black beast; a 
 
 bugbear. 
 bienseance. [Fr.] Civility ; decorum. 
 billet d'amour, ) riJ , -. . . !-«„_ 
 billet doux. '{[Fr.] A love-letter. 
 
 bizarre. [Fr.] Odd; fantastic. 
 
 blase. [Fr.] Pallid ; surfeited ; ren- 
 dered incapable of continued en- 
 joyment. 
 
 bona fide. [L.] In good faith. 
 
 bon gre mal gre. [Fr.] Willing or 
 unwilling. 
 
 bon jour. [L.] Good day; good 
 morning. 
 
 bon soir. [L.] Good evening. 
 
 bonhomie. [Fr.] Good-natured sim- 
 plicity. 
 
 boulevard. [Fr.] A public walk 
 or street occupying the site of de- 
 molished fortifications. 
 
 bouleversement. [Fr.] Overturn- 
 ing; subversion. 
 
 bourgeois. [Fr.] A man of middle 
 rank in society. 
 
 bourgeoisie. [Fr.] Middle classes 
 of society ; traders. 
 
 brevet d'invention. [Fr.] A patent. 
 
 brochure. [Fr.] A pamphlet. 
 
 brusque. [Fr.] Rude; blunt. 
 
 brutum fulmen. [L.] A harmless 
 thunderbolt. 
 
 cacoethes. [L.] An evil habit. 
 
 cacoethes loquendi. [L.] A rage 
 for speaking. 
 
 cacoethes scribendi. [L.] An itch 
 for scribbling. 
 
 caetera desunt. [L.] The remain- 
 der is wanting. 
 
 caeteris paribus. [L.] Other things 
 being equal. 
 
 cafe. [Fr.] A coffee-house. 
 
Words, Phrases, Proverbs 
 
 caleclie. [Fr.] A half-coach or 
 calash. 
 
 calembour. [Fr.] A pun. 
 
 canaille. [Fr.] The rabble. 
 
 can tat rice. [It.] A female profes- 
 sional singer. 
 
 capias ad respondendum. [L.] 
 You may take to answer; — a writ 
 for taking and keeping the defend- 
 ant to answer the plaintiff in the 
 action. 
 
 capias ad satisfaciendum. [L.] 
 You ■ may take to satisfy ; — a writ 
 for taking and keeping the party 
 named until he gives satisfaction to 
 the party by whom it is issued. 
 
 captatio benevolentiae. [L.] A cur- 
 rying favor. 
 
 caput mortuunt. [L.] The worth- 
 less remains. 
 
 carpe diem. [L.] Enjoy the present 
 day. 
 
 casus belli. [L.] That which in- 
 volves or justifies war. 
 
 catalogue raisonne. [Fr.] A cat- 
 alogue of books arranged according 
 to their subjects. 
 
 caveat emptor. [L.] Let the buyer 
 beware. 
 
 c'est a dire. [Fr.] That is to say. 
 
 champs Elysees. [Fr.] Elysian 
 Fields. 
 
 chanson. [Fr.] A song. 
 
 chapeau bas. [Fr.] Hats off. 
 
 chapeau bras. [Fr.] A military 
 cocked hat. 
 
 charge d'affaires. [Fr.] An in- 
 ferior diplomatic representative at a 
 foreign court. 
 
 charivari. [Fr.] A mock serenade 
 of discordant music. 
 
 chateaux en Espagne. [Fr.] Cas- 
 tles in Spain, the land of romance ; 
 castles in the air. 
 
 chef-d'seuvre. [Fr.] A masterpiece. 
 
 chere amie. [Fr.] A dear friend; 
 a mistress. 
 
 chevalier d'industrie. [Fr.] A 
 knight of industry ; one who lives by 
 persevering fraud. 
 
 chronique scandaleuse. [Fr.] A 
 chronicle of vices and crimes. 
 
 ci-devant. [Fr.] Formerly ; former. 
 
 circa, or circiter. [L.] About. 
 
 cito maturum, cito putridum. 
 [L.] Soon ripe, soon rotten. 
 
 citoyen. [Fr.] A citizen; a bur- 
 gher. 
 
 civilitas successit barbarum. 
 [L.] Civilization succeeds barbar- 
 D.59. 
 
 ism ; — the motto of Minnesota when 
 
 a territory. 
 coiffeur. [Fr.] A hair-dresser. 
 comme il f aut. [Fr.] As it should 
 
 be. 
 compos mentis. [L.] Of a sound 
 
 mind. 
 compte rendu. [Fr.] Account ren- 
 dered ; report. 
 con amore. [It.] With love ; ear- 
 - nestly. 
 concio ad clerum. [L.] A discourse 
 
 to the clergy. 
 confrere. [Fr.] A brother; an 
 
 associate. 
 conge d'elire. [Fr.] A leave to elect. 
 contretemps. [Fr.] An awkward 
 
 mishap or accident. 
 conversazione. [It.] A meeting of 
 
 company for conversation. 
 coram nobis. [L.] Before us. 
 coram non judice. [L.] Before 
 
 one who is not the proper judge. 
 cordon sanitaire. [Fr.] A line of 
 
 troops to prevent the spreading of 
 
 pestilence. 
 corps de garde. [Fr.] A body of men 
 
 who watch in a guard-room; the 
 
 guard-room itself. 
 corps de garde diplomatique. 
 
 [Fr.] A diplomatic body. 
 corpus delicti. [L.] The substance 
 
 or foundation of the offense. 
 corrigenda. [L.] Typographical er- 
 rors to be corrected. 
 couleur de rose. [Fr.] Rose color; 
 
 an aspect of attractiveness. 
 coup d'etat. [Fr.] A stroke of 
 
 policy in public affairs. 
 coup de grace. [Fr.] A finishing 
 
 stroke. 
 coup de main. [Fr.] A sudden 
 
 enterprise or effort. 
 coup de soleil. [Fr.] A stroke of 
 
 the sun. 
 coute qu'il coute. [Fr.] Let it 
 
 cost what it may. 
 crede quod habes, et habes. [L.] 
 
 Believe that you have it, and you 
 
 have it. 
 crescite, et multiplicamini. [L.] 
 
 Grow, or increase, and multiply; — 
 
 the motto of Maryland. 
 crevasse. [Fr.] A deep crevice; a 
 
 breach. 
 crimen falsi. [L.] Falsehood ; per- 
 jury. 
 crimen lsesse ma jest atis. [L.] High 
 
 treason. 
 
Words, Phrases, Proverbs 
 
 crux criticorum. [L.] The puzzle 
 of critics. 
 
 cui bono? [L.] For whose benefit? 
 Colloquially, but erroneously, of 
 what use? 
 
 cuisine. [Fr.] A kitchen ; cookery. 
 
 cum grano salis. [L.] With a grain 
 of salt ; with some allowance. 
 
 cum privilegio. [L.] With priv- 
 ilege. 
 
 curiosa f elicitas. [L.] A felicitous 
 tact. 
 
 currente calamo. [L.] With a run- 
 ning or rapid pen. 
 
 custos rotulorum. [L.] Keeper of 
 the rolls. 
 
 dal segno. [It.] Repeat from the 
 
 sign. 
 de bonis non. [L.] Of the goods 
 
 not yet administered on. 
 de facto. [L.] From the fact; 
 
 really. 
 de gustibus non est disputandum. 
 
 [L.] There is no disputing about 
 
 tastes. 
 de jure. [L.] From the law ; by 
 
 right. 
 de mortuis nil nisi bonum. [L.] 
 
 Say nothing but good of the dead. 
 de nihil o nihil fit. [L.] Of noth- 
 ing nothing is made. 
 de novo. [L.] Anew. 
 de profundis. [L.] Out of the 
 
 depths. 
 de trop. [Fr.] Too much, or too 
 
 many ; not wanted. 
 dehors. [Fr.] Without; out of; 
 
 foreign ; irrelevant. 
 Dei gratia. [L.] By the grace of 
 
 God. 
 demi-monde. [Fr.] Disreputable 
 
 female society ; abandoned women. 
 Deo gratias. [L.] Thanks to God. 
 Deo juvante. [L.] With God's help. 
 Deo volente. [L.] God willing. 
 dernier ressort. [Fr.] A last 
 
 resource. 
 desipere in loco. [L.] To jest at 
 
 the proper time. 
 desunt csetera. [L.] The remain- 
 der is wanting. 
 detur digniori. [L.] Let it be 
 
 given to the more worthy. 
 deus ex machina. [L.] A god from 
 
 the machine ; i. e., from a theatrical 
 
 contrivance for making gods appear 
 
 in the air ; hence, an unexpected 
 
 and fortunate occurrence. 
 
 dies faustus. [L.] A lucky day. 
 
 dies infaustus. [L.] An unlucky 
 day. 
 
 dies irae. [L.] Day of wrath. 
 
 dies non. [L.] A day on which 
 judges do not sit. 
 
 Dieu defend le droit. [Fr.] God 
 defends the right. 
 
 Dieu et mon droit. [Fr.] God and 
 my right. 
 
 dignus vindice nodus. [L.] A 
 knot worthy to be loosened by such 
 hands. 
 
 dirigo. [L.] I direct or guide; — 
 the motto of Maine. 
 
 disjecta membra. [L.] Scattered 
 limbs or remains. 
 
 distingue. [Fr.] Distinguished ; 
 eminent. 
 
 distrait. [Fr.] Absent in thought. 
 
 divide et impera. [L.] Divide and 
 rule. 
 
 dolce. [It.] Soft, — used in music. 
 
 dolce f ar niente. [It.] Sweet doing- 
 nothing ; sweet idleness. 
 
 Dominus vobiscum. [L.] The 
 Lord be with you. 
 
 double entente. [Fr.] Double mean- 
 ing ; a play on words. 
 
 douceur. [Fr.] Sweetness ; a bribe. 
 
 dramatis person se. [L.] Charac- 
 ters represented in a drama. 
 
 dulce et decorum est pro patria 
 mori. [L.] It is sweet and honor- 
 able to die for one's country. 
 
 dum vivimus, vivamus. [L.] While 
 we live, let us live. 
 
 durante beneplacito. [L.] Dur- 
 ing good pleasure. 
 
 durante vita. [L.] During life. 
 
 E 
 
 eau de vie. [Fr.] Water of life; 
 
 brandy. 
 
 ecce homo. [L.] Behold the man ; — 
 applied specifically to any picture 
 representing the Savior given up to 
 the people by Pilate, and wearing 
 the crown of thorns. 
 
 eccesignum. [L.] Behold the sign. 
 
 e pluribus unum. [L.] One out 
 of many ; one composed of many ; — 
 the motto of the United States. 
 
 editio princeps. [L.] The Srst 
 edition. 
 
 egalite. [Fr.] Equality. 
 
 eleve. [Fr.] A pupil ; a foster child. 
 
 elite. [Fr.] A choice or select body 
 of persons. 
 
 eloge. [Fr.] A funeral oration. 
 
Words, Phrases, Proverbs 
 
 eloignement. [Fr.] Estrangement. 
 
 embonpoint. [Fr.] Plumpness ; 
 fleshiness. 
 
 emeute. [Fr.] A riot ; a mob. 
 
 employe. [Fr.] One who is em- 
 ployed by another ; a person in ser- 
 vice. 
 
 en arriere. [Fr.] In the rear. 
 
 en avant! [Fr.] Forward ! 
 
 en deshabille. [Fr.] In undress. 
 
 en famille. [Fr.] In a domestic 
 state. 
 
 en fin. [Fr.] At last ; finally. 
 
 en passant. [Fr.] In passing; by 
 the way. 
 
 en plein jour. [Fr.] In broad 
 day. 
 
 en rapport. [Fr.] In a condition 
 or relation of sympathy. 
 
 en regie. [Fr.] In order; accord- 
 ing to rules. 
 
 en ronte. [Fr.] On the way. 
 
 en suite. [Fr.] In company. 
 
 enciente. [Fr.] Pregnant. 
 
 enf ans perdus. [Fr.] Lost children ; 
 a forlorn hope. 
 
 enfant gate. [Fr.] A spoiled child. 
 
 ennui. [Fr.] A feeling of weari- 
 ness and disgust ; tedium. 
 
 ensemble. [Fr.] The whole. 
 
 ense petit placidam sub liber- 
 tat e quietem. [L.] With the 
 sword she seeks quiet peace under 
 liberty ; — the motto of Massachu- 
 setts. 
 
 entente cordiale. [Fr.] Evidences 
 of good will and justice toward each 
 other, exchanged by the chief per- 
 sons of two states. 
 
 entourage. [Fr.] Surroundings ; ad- 
 juncts. 
 
 entree. [Fr.] Entry ; first course 
 at table. 
 
 entre nous. [Fr.] Between our- 
 selves. 
 
 entrepot. [Fr.] A bonded ware- 
 house ; a free port. 
 
 ergo. [L.] Therefore. 
 
 espieglerie. [Fr.] Sportive tricks. 
 
 esprit de corps. [Fr.] The anima- 
 ting spirit of a collective body. 
 
 esprit des lois. [Fr.] Spirit of the 
 
 esto perpetua. [L.] Let it be per- 
 petual. 
 
 est modus in rebus. [L.] There is 
 a medium in all things. 
 
 et cum spiritu tuo. [L.] And with 
 thy spirit. 
 
 et id genus omne. [L.] And every 
 
 thing of the sort. 
 et sic de similibus. [L.] And so of 
 
 the like. 
 
 et tu Brute! [L.] And thou also, 
 Brutus ! 
 
 eureka. [Gr.] I have found it; — 
 the motto of California. 
 
 ex animo. [L.] Heartily. 
 
 ex cathedra. [L.] From the bench ; 
 with high authority. 
 
 ex officio. [L.] By virtue of his 
 office. 
 
 ex parte. [L.] On one side only. 
 
 ex pede Herculem. [L.] We rec- 
 ognize a Hercules from the size of 
 the foot ; that is, we judge of the 
 whole from the specimen. 
 
 ex post facto. [L.] After the deed 
 is done. 
 
 ex tempore. [L.] Without pre- 
 meditation. 
 
 ex uno disce omnes. [L.] From 
 one learn all. 
 
 ex vi termini. [L.] By the mean- 
 ing or force of the expression. 
 
 excelsior. [L.] Higher; more ele- 
 vated ; — the motto of New York. 
 
 excerpta. [L.] Extracts. 
 
 exempli gratia. [L.] By way of 
 example. 
 
 exeunt. [L.] They go out. 
 
 exeunt omnes. [L.] All go out. 
 
 experimentum crucis. [L.] The 
 experiment of the cross ; a decisive 
 experiment. 
 
 experto crede. [L.] Trust one who 
 has tried, or had experience. 
 
 expose. [Fr.] An exposition. 
 
 facile princeps. [L.] Evidently 
 preeminent ; the admitted chief. 
 
 fait accompli. [Fr.] A thing al- 
 ready done. 
 
 faubourg. [Fr.] A suburb. 
 
 fauteuil. [Fr.] An easy chair. 
 
 faux pas. [Fr.] A false step. 
 
 felo de se. [Fr.] A suicide. 
 
 femme couverte. [Fr.] A married 
 woman. 
 
 femme de chambre. [Fr.] A 
 chambermaid. 
 
 ferae naturae. [L.] Of a wild 
 nature. 
 
 festina lente. [L.] Hasten slowly. 
 
 fete champetre. [Fr.] A rural 
 festival. 
 
 feu de joie. [Fr.] A firing of guns 
 in token of joy ; a bonfire. 
 
Words, Phrases, Proverbs 
 
 feuilleton. [Fr.] Bottom part of a 
 French newspaper, separated by a 
 line from the rest, and devoted to 
 light literature, criticism, etc. 
 
 fiacre. [Fr.] A hack. 
 
 fiat justitia, ruat caelum. [L.] 
 Let justice be done though the heav- 
 ens fall. 
 
 fiat lux. [L.] Let there be light. 
 
 fidei defensor. [L.] Defender of 
 the faith. 
 
 fides Punica. [L.] Punic faith; 
 treachery. 
 
 fidus Achates. [L.] Faithful Acha- 
 tes ; i. e., a true friend. 
 
 filius nullius. [L.] A son of no- 
 body. 
 
 films terrae. [L.] One of low birth. 
 
 fille de chambre. [Fr.] A cham- 
 bermaid. 
 
 fille de joie. [Fr.] A prostitute. 
 
 flagrante bello. [L.] During hos- 
 tilities. 
 
 flagrante delicto. [L.] In the 
 commission of the crime. 
 
 fortiter in re. [L.] With firmness 
 in acting. 
 
 franco. [It.] Post free. 
 
 friseur. [Fr.] A hair-dresser. 
 
 fuit Ilium. [L.] Troy has been. 
 
 fusillade. [Fr.] A simultaneous 
 discharge of fire-arms. 
 
 gallice. [L.] In French. 
 garcon. [Fr.] A boy, or a waiter. 
 garde du corps. [Fr.] A body 
 
 guard. 
 genius loci. [L.] The genius of 
 
 the place. 
 gens d'armes. [Fr.] Armed police. 
 genus irritabile vatum. [L.] The 
 
 irritable race of poets. 
 germanice. [L.] In German. 
 glebae ascriptus. [L.] A servant 
 
 belonging to the soil. 
 Gloria in Excel sis. [L.] Glory to 
 
 God in the highest. 
 Gloria Patri. [L.] Glory be to the 
 
 Father. 
 gnothi seauton. [Gr.] Know thy- 
 self. 
 
 baud passibus sequis. [L.] Not 
 
 with equal steps. 
 baute nouveaute. [Fr.] A great 
 
 novelty. 
 baut gout. [Fr.] High flavor; 
 
 fine or elegant taste. 
 
 belluo librorum. [L.] A devourer 
 
 of books ; a book-worm. 
 biatus valde deflendus. [L.] 
 
 ^deficiency much to be regretted. 
 bic et ubique. [L.] Here and 
 
 everywhere. 
 bic jacet. [L.] Here lies. 
 hie labor, hoc opus est. [L.] 
 
 This is labor, this is work. 
 hoc age. [L.] Do this. 
 hoc tempore. [L.] At this time. 
 honi soit qui mal y pense. [Fr.] 
 
 Shame on him who evil thinks. 
 bora e sempre. [It.] It is always 
 
 time. 
 
 hors de combat. [Fr.] Out of con- 
 dition to fight. 
 humanum est errare. [L.] To 
 
 err is human. 
 
 ich dien. [Ger.] I serve. 
 
 id est. [L.] That is. 
 
 id genus omne. [L.] All of that 
 sort. 
 
 ignotum per ignotius. [L.] That 
 which is unknown by something 
 still more unknown. 
 
 imperium in imperio. [L.] A 
 government within a government. 
 
 imprimatur. [L.] Let it be printed ; 
 — a license to print a book, etc. 
 
 improwisatore. [It.l An im- 
 promptu poet. 
 
 improvvisatrice. [It.] An im- 
 promptu poetess. 
 
 in aeternum. [L.] Forever. 
 
 in articulo mortis. [L.] At the 
 point of death ; in the last struggle. 
 
 in commendam. [L.] In trust. 
 
 in curia. [L.] In the court. 
 
 in equilibrio. [L.] In equilib- 
 rium. 
 
 in esse. [L.] In being. 
 
 in extremis. [L.] At the point of 
 death. 
 
 in flagrante delicto. [L.] Taken 
 in the fact. 
 
 in forma pauperis. [L.] As a 
 poor man. 
 
 in foro conscientise. [L.] Before 
 the tribunal of conscience. 
 
 in futuro. [L.] In future ; hence- 
 forth. 
 
 in hoc signo vinces. [L.] In this 
 sign, or under this standard, thou 
 shalt conquer. 
 
 in limine. [L.] At the threshold. 
 
 in loco parentis. [L.] In the 
 place of a parent. 
 
Words, Phrases, Proverbs 
 
 in medias res. [L.] Into the midst 
 of things, or affairs. 
 
 in medio tutissimus ibis. [L.] 
 You will go most safely in the 
 middle. 
 
 in memoriam. [L.] In memory. 
 
 in nubibns. [L.] In the clouds. 
 
 in perpetunm. [L.] Forever. 
 
 in posse. [L.] In possible existence. 
 
 in propria persona. [L.] In per- 
 son. 
 
 in puris natnralibus. [L.] Quite 
 naked. 
 
 in re. [L.] In the matter of. 
 
 in rent. [L.] Against the thing. 
 
 in saecula sseculorum. [L.] For 
 ages on ages. 
 
 in sitn. [L.] In its original situa- 
 tion. 
 
 in statu quo. [L.] In the former 
 state. 
 
 in terror em. [L.] As a warning. 
 
 in toto. [L.] In the whole ; entirely. 
 
 in totidem verbis. [L.] In so 
 many words. 
 
 in transitu. [L.] On the passage. 
 
 in usum Delphini. [L.] For the 
 use of the Dauphin. 
 
 in utrumque paratus. [L.] Pre- 
 pared for either event. 
 
 in vacuo. [L.] In empty space. 
 
 in verba magistri jurare. [L.] 
 To swear to, or by, the words of 
 another; to adopt opinions on the 
 authority of another. 
 
 in vino Veritas. [L.] There is 
 truth in wine. 
 
 infanta. [Sp.] A princess of the 
 blood royal in Spain and Portugal. 
 
 infante. [Sp.] Any son of the 
 king, except the eldest, or heir ap- 
 parent. 
 
 insouciance. [Fr.] Indifference ; 
 carelessness. 
 
 instar omnium. [L.] Like all. 
 
 inter alia. [L.] Among other 
 things. 
 
 inter nos. [L.] Between ourselves. 
 
 invita Minerva. [L.] Without 
 genius. 
 
 ipse dixit. [L.] He himself said it. 
 
 ipsissima verba. [L.] The very 
 words. 
 
 ipso facto. [L.] In the fact itself. 
 
 ipso jure. [L.] By the law itself. 
 
 j acta est ale a. [L.] The die is cast. 
 je ne sais quoi. [Fr.] I know not 
 what. 
 
 jeu de mots. [Fr.] A play on 
 
 words ; a pun. 
 jeu d'esprit. [Fr.] A witticism. 
 Jupiter tonans. [L.] Jupiter the 
 
 thunderer. 
 jure divino. [L.] By divine law. 
 jus civile. [L.] Civil law. 
 jus divinum. [L.] Divine law. 
 jus et norma loquendi. [L.] The 
 
 law and rule of speech. 
 jus gentium. [L.] Law of nations. 
 juste milieu. [Fr.] The golden 
 
 mean. 
 
 labor ipse voluptas. [L.] Labor 
 
 itself is pleasure. 
 
 labor omnia vincit. [L.] Labor 
 conquers everything. 
 
 laissez faire. [Fr.] Let alone. 
 
 lapsus linguae. [L.] A slip of the 
 tongue. 
 
 latet anguis in herb a. [L.] A 
 snake lies hid in the grass. 
 
 laudator temporis acti. [L.] A 
 praiser of time past. 
 
 laus Deo. [L.] Praise to God. 
 
 le beau monde. [Fr.] The fash- 
 ionable world. 
 
 le diable hoiteux. [Fr.] The 
 lame devil. 
 
 le roi et l'etat. [Fr.] King and 
 state. 
 
 le roi le veut. [Fr.] The king 
 wills it. 
 
 le roi s'avisera. j.Fr.] The king 
 will consider or deliberate. 
 
 lese majeste. [Fr.] High treason. 
 
 l'etoile du nord. [Fr.] The star 
 of the north ; — the motto of Minn- 
 esota. 
 
 lettre de cachet. [Fr.] A sealed 
 letter; a royal warrant. 
 
 lettre de marque. [Fr.] A letter 
 of marque or of reprisal. 
 
 lex loci. [L.J The law of the place. 
 
 lex non scripta. [L.] The com- 
 mon law. 
 
 lex scripta. [L.] Statute law. 
 
 lex talionis. [L.] The law of re- 
 taliation. 
 
 l'homme propose, et Dieu dispose. 
 [Fr.] Man proposes, and God dis- 
 poses. 
 
 liaison. [Fr.] An alliance ; an illicit 
 connection. 
 
 lite pendente. [L.] During trial. 
 
 litera scripta manet. [L.] The 
 written letter remains. 
 
 loco citato. [L.] In the place cited. 
 
Words, Phrases, Proverbs 
 
 locum tenens. [L.] A deputy or 
 substitute ; a proxy. 
 
 locus in quo. [L.] The place in 
 which. 
 
 locus sigilli. [L.] Place of seal. 
 
 longo interval!©. [L.] By or with 
 long interval. 
 
 lucidus or do. [L.] A clear ar- 
 rangement. 
 
 lucus a non lucendo. [L.] A jeu 
 d'esprit in etymology, which, assum- 
 ing that lucus, a dark wood or grove, 
 is derived from the verb lucere, to 
 shine, supposes it must be a non 
 lucendo, from its not being light. 
 
 lusus naturae. [L.] A sport or 
 freak of nature. 
 
 M 
 
 macte virtute. [L.] Proceed in 
 
 virtue. 
 ma fois. [Fr.] Upon my faith. 
 magna est Veritas, et prevalebit. 
 
 " [L.] Truth is mighty, and it will 
 prevail. 
 
 magnum opus. [L.] A great work. 
 
 magnus Apollo. [L.] Great Apollo ; 
 one of high authority. 
 
 maison de ville. [Fr.] The town- 
 house. 
 
 maitre d'hotel. [Fr.] A house- 
 steward. 
 
 mal a propos. [Fr.] Ill-timed. 
 
 malgre nous. [Fr.] In spite of us. 
 
 malum in se. [L.] Bad in itself. 
 
 mare clausum. [L.] A closed sea; 
 a bay. 
 
 materiel. [Fr.] Materials or in- 
 struments employed (opposed to 
 personnel ) . 
 
 mauvais gout. [Fr.] Bad taste. 
 
 mauvais honte. [Fr.] False mod- 
 esty. 
 
 mega biblion, mega kakon. [Gr.] 
 A great book is a great evil. 
 
 me judice. [L.] I being judge. 
 
 melange. [Fr.] A medley. 
 
 melee. [Fr.] A hand-to-hand fight ; 
 a riot. 
 
 memento mori. [L.] Remember 
 death. 
 
 memorabilia. [L.] Things to be 
 remembered. 
 
 mens sana in corpore sano. [L.] 
 A sound mind in a sound body. 
 
 mens sibi conscia recti. [L.] A 
 mind conscious of rectitude. 
 
 messalliance. [Fr.] Improper as- 
 sociation ; marriage with one of 
 lower station. 
 
 meum et tuum. [L.] Mine and thine. 
 mirabile dictu. [L.] Wonderful 
 
 to be told. 
 mise en scene. [Fr.] The putting 
 
 in preparation for the stage. 
 mittimus. [L.] We send ; — a writ 
 
 to commit an offender to prison. 
 modus operandi. [L.] Manner of 
 
 operation. 
 montani semper liberi. [L.] 
 
 Mountaineers are always freemen ; — 
 
 the motto of West Virginia. 
 monumentum sere perennius. 
 
 [L.] A monument more durable 
 
 than brass. 
 multum in parvo. [L.] Much in 
 
 little. 
 mutatis mutandis. [L.] The nec- 
 essary changes being made. 
 mutato nomine. [L.] The name 
 
 being changed. 
 
 N 
 
 naive. [Fr.] Having native or un- 
 affected simplicity. 
 
 naivete. [Fr.] Native simplicity. 
 
 ne plus ultra. [L.] Nothing fur- 
 ther. 
 
 ne quid nimis. [L.] Not any 
 thing too much or too far. 
 
 ne sutor ultra crepidam. [L.] 
 Let not the shoemaker go beyond 
 his last. 
 
 nee. [Fr.] Born ; as, Madame de 
 Stael, nee (that is, whose maiden 
 name was) Necker. 
 
 negligee. [Fr.] An easy, uncere- 
 monious attire ; undress. 
 
 nemine contradicente. [L„] No 
 one speaking in opposition. 
 
 nemine dissentiente. [L.] No 
 one dissenting. 
 
 nemo me impune lacessit. [L.] 
 No one wounds me with impunity; 
 — the motto of Scotland. 
 
 nil admirari. [L.] To wonder at 
 nothing. 
 
 nil conscire sibi. [L.] To be con- 
 scious of no fault. 
 
 nil desperandum. [L.] Never 
 despair. 
 
 n'importe. [Fr.] It matters not. 
 
 noblesse oblige. [Fr.] Rank im- 
 poses obligation ; much is rightly 
 expected of one of high birth or 
 station. 
 
 nolens volens. [L.] Whether he 
 will or not. 
 
 noli me tangere. [L.] Don't touch 
 me. 
 
Words, Phrases, Proverbs 
 
 nolle prosequi. [L.] To be un- 
 willing to proceed. 
 
 nom de plume. [Fr.] A pen name; 
 an assumed title. 
 
 no in de guerre. [Fr.] A war 
 name ; a traveling title ; a pseu- 
 donym. 
 
 non compos mentis. [L.] Not in 
 sound mind. 
 
 non constat. [L.] It does not 
 appear. 
 
 non est inventus. [L.] He has 
 not been found. 
 
 non liquet. [L.] It is not clear. 
 
 non obstante. [L.] Notwithstand- 
 ing. 
 
 non omnia possumus omnes. [L.] 
 We can not, all of us, do all things. 
 
 non omnis moriar. [L.] I shall 
 not wholly die. 
 
 non sequitur. [L.] It does not 
 follow ; an unwarranted conclusion. 
 
 non mi ricordo. [It.] I don't re- 
 member. 
 
 nosce teipsum. [L.] Know thyself. 
 
 nota bene. [L.] Mark well. 
 
 n'oubliez pas. [Fr.] Don't forget. 
 
 nous verrons. [Fr.] We shall see. 
 
 novus homo. [L.] A new man. 
 
 nuance. [Fr.] Shade; gradation; 
 tint. 
 
 nudum pactum. [L.] A contract 
 made without any consideration, and 
 therefore void. 
 
 nunc aut nunquam. [L.] Now 
 or never. 
 
 obiit. [L.] He or she, died. 
 obiter dictum. [L.] A thing said 
 
 by the way, or in passing. 
 obsta principiis. [L.] Resist the 
 
 first beginnings. 
 odium theologicum. [L.] The 
 
 hatred of theologians. 
 ceil de boeuf. [Fr.] A bull's eye. 
 ohe! jam satis. [L.] O, now there 
 
 is enough. 
 omnia vincit amor. [L.] Love 
 
 conquers all things. 
 omnia vincit labor. [L.] Labor 
 
 overcomes all things. 
 on dit. [Fr.] They say; flying 
 
 rumor. 
 onus proband!. [L.] The burden 
 
 of proving. 
 ora e sempre. [It.] Now and al- 
 ways. 
 ora pro nobis. [L.] Pray for us. 
 orator fit, poeta nascitur. [L.] 
 
 The orator is made, but the poet is 
 
 born. 
 ore rotundo. [L.] With round, 
 
 full voice. 
 ore tenus. [L.] As far as the mouth. 
 O! si sic omnia. [L.] O that he 
 
 had always done or spoken thus. 
 O temporal O mores! [L.] O the 
 
 times ! O the manners ! 
 otium cum dignitate. [L.] Ease 
 
 with dignity ; dignified leisure. 
 oubliette. [Fr.] Dungeon of a castle. 
 oui dire. [Fr.] Hearsay. 
 outre. [Fr.] Out of the common 
 
 course ; extravagant. 
 ouvrier. [Fr.] A workman; an 
 
 artisan. 
 
 palmam qui meruit ferat. [L.] 
 
 Let him who has won it bear the 
 
 palm. 
 papier machee. [Fr.] Chewed or 
 
 mashed paper ; a hard substance 
 
 made of a pulp from rags or paper. 
 par exemple. [Fr.] For example. 
 par excellence. [Fr.] By way of 
 
 eminence. 
 pari passu. [L.] With equal pace. 
 par nobile fratrum. [L.] A noble 
 
 pair of brothers ; two just alike. 
 parole d'honneur. [Fr.] Word of 
 
 honor. 
 particeps criminis. [L.] An ac- 
 complice. 
 parva componere magnis. [L.] 
 
 To compare small things with great. 
 parvenu. [Fr.] An upstart; one 
 
 newly risen into notice. 
 pas a pas. [Fr.] Step by step. 
 passe. [Fr.] Past; out of use; 
 
 faded ; worn out. 
 passe-partout. [Fr.] A master-key. 
 pate de foie gras. [Fr.] Goose- 
 liver pie. 
 paterfamilias. [L.] The father of 
 
 a family. 
 pater noster. [L.] Our Father; 
 
 the Lord's prayer. 
 pater patriae, [L.] Father of his 
 
 country. 
 patois. [Fr.] Dialect of the lower 
 
 classes. 
 patres conscripti. [L.] Conscript 
 
 fathers ; the Roman senators. 
 peccavi. [L.] I have sinned. 
 peine forte et dure. [Fr.] Strong 
 
 and severe punishment. 
 penchant. [Fr.] Inclination ; lik- 
 
Words, Phrases, Proverbs 
 
 pendente lite. [L.] Pending the 
 
 suit. 
 
 pensee. [Fr.] Thought. 
 
 per annum. [L.] By the year. 
 
 per capita. [L.] By the head. 
 
 per centum. [L.] By the hundred. 
 
 per contra. [L.] Contrariwise. 
 
 per diem. [L.] By the day. 
 
 per se. [L.] By itself considered. 
 
 perdu. [Fr.] Lost. 
 
 personnel. [Fr.] Body of persons 
 employed in some public service. 
 
 petit maitre. [Fr.] A dandy; a 
 coxcomb. 
 
 petitio principii. [L.] A beg- 
 ging of the question. 
 
 peu-a-peu. [Fr.] Little by little. 
 
 pen de chose. [Fr.] A trifle. 
 
 piece de resistance. [Fr.] A solid 
 joint. 
 
 pirouette. [Fr.] A whirl on the 
 toes, as in dancing. 
 
 pis aller. [Fr.] The last shift. 
 
 piu. [It.] More. 
 
 pleno jure. [L.] With full authority. 
 
 plexus. [L.] A net- work ; web. 
 
 poco a poco. [It.] Little by little. 
 
 poeta nascitur, non fit. [L.] 
 The poet is born, not made. 
 
 point d'appui. [Fr.] Point of sup- 
 port ; prop. 
 
 pons asinorum. [L.] Bridge of 
 
 post mortem. [L.] After death. 
 post obitum. [L.] After death. 
 pot-pourri. [Fr.] A hotch-potch; 
 
 a medley, 
 preux chevalier. [Fr.] A brave 
 
 knight. 
 prima facie. [L.] On the first 
 
 view. 
 primus inter pares. [L.] Chief 
 
 among equals. 
 principia, non homines. [L.] 
 
 Principles, not men. 
 principiis obsta. [L.] Resist the 
 
 first beginnings. 
 pro aris et focis. [L.] For our 
 
 altars and firesides. 
 pro bono publico. [L.] For the 
 
 public good. 
 pro et con. [L.] For and against. 
 pro forma. [L.] For the sake of 
 
 form. 
 pro hac vice. [L.] For this turn 
 
 or occasion. 
 pro rata. [L.] In proportion. 
 pro re nata. [L.] For a special 
 
 emergency. 
 pro tanto. [L.] For so much. 
 
 pro tempore. [L.] For the time. 
 
 proces verbal. [Fr.] A written 
 statement. 
 
 profanum vulgus. [L.] The pro- 
 fane vulgar. 
 
 proh pudor. [L.] O, for shame. 
 
 propria quae maribus. [L.] Those 
 things which are appropriate or pe- 
 culiar to males or men, or to hus- 
 bands. 
 
 punica fides. [L.] Punic faith; 
 treachery. 
 
 qua. [L.] So far as; in so far as. 
 quantum libet. [L.] As much as 
 
 you please. 
 quantum meruit. [L.] As much 
 
 as he deserved. 
 quantum mutatus ab illol [L.] 
 
 How changed from what he was ! 
 quantum sufiicit. [L.] A suffi- 
 cient quantity. 
 quantum vis. [L.] As much as 
 
 you will. 
 quasi. [L.] As if; in a manner. 
 quelque chose. [Fr.] A trifle ; 
 
 something; anything. 
 quid pro quo. [L.] One thing for 
 
 another ; an equivalent. 
 quid rides? [L.] Why do you 
 
 laugh? 
 qui facit per alium, f acit per se. 
 
 [L.] He who does a thing by the 
 
 agency of another, does it himself. 
 quis custodiet ipsos custodes? 
 
 [L.] Who shall guard the guards 
 
 themselves ? 
 qui trans tulit, sustinet. [L.] He 
 
 who transplanted, still sustains ; — ■ 
 
 the motto of Connecticut. 
 qui vive? [Fr.] Who goes there? 
 
 — hence, on the qui vive, on the 
 
 alert. 
 quoad hoc. [L.] To this extent. 
 quo animo? [L.] With what mind 
 
 or intention? 
 quo jure? [L.] By what right? 
 quod erat demonstrandum. [L.] 
 
 Which was to be demonstrated. 
 quod vide. [L.] Which see. 
 quos Deus vult perdere, prius 
 
 dementat. [L.] Those whom 
 
 God wishes to destroy, he first 
 
 makes mad. 
 
 rara avis. [L.] A rare bird. 
 recueil. [Fr.] Collection. 
 
Words, Phrases, Proverbs 
 
 reductio ad absurdum. [L.] A 
 reducing a position to an absurdity. 
 
 regnant populi. [L.] The people 
 rule ; — the motto of Arkansas. 
 [Properly, regnat populus.] 
 
 re infecta. [L.] The business being 
 unfinished. 
 
 religio loci. [L.] The religious 
 spirit of the place. 
 
 renommee. [Fr.] Renown; fame. 
 
 requiescat in pace. [L.] May he 
 rest in peace. 
 
 res angusta domi. [L.] Narrow 
 circumstances at home ; poverty. 
 
 respice fineni. [L.] Look to the 
 end. 
 
 resume. [Fr.] A summing up; re- 
 capitulation. 
 
 resurgam. [L.] I shall rise again. 
 
 revenons a nos moutons. [Fr.] 
 Let us return to our sheep ; let us 
 return to our subject. 
 
 rifacimento. [It.] Renewal ; re- 
 establishment. 
 
 robe de chambre. [Fr.] A dress- 
 ing-gown or morning-gown. 
 
 rouleau. [Fr.] A little roll. 
 
 rudis indigestaque moles. [L.] 
 A rude and undigested mass. 
 
 ruse de guerre. [Fr.] A stratagem 
 of war. 
 
 rus in urbe. [L.] The country in 
 town. 
 
 S 
 
 salle. [Fr.] A hall. 
 
 salon. [Fr.] An apartment for com- 
 pany ; a fashionable party ; or fash- 
 ionable society. 
 
 salus populi suprema est lex. 
 [L.] The welfare of the people is 
 the supreme law ; — the motto of 
 Missouri. 
 
 sanctum sanctorum. [L.] Holy 
 of holies. 
 
 sans ceremonie. [Fr.] Without cer- 
 emony. 
 
 sans peur et sans reprocbe. [Fr.] 
 Without fear and without reproach. 
 
 sartor resartus. [L.] The cobbler 
 mended. 
 
 sauve qui peut. [Fr.] Save him- 
 self who can. 
 
 savoir faire. [Fr.] Ability. 
 
 savoir vivre. [Fr.] Good breeding. 
 
 scandalum magnatum. [L.] De- 
 famatory speech or writing to the 
 injury of persons of dignity. 
 
 scire facias. [L.] Cause it to be 
 known. 
 
 seance. [Fr.] A sitting or session. 
 
 secundum artem. [L.] According 
 to rule. 
 
 secundum naturam. [L.] Accord- 
 ing to the course of nature. 
 
 secundum ordinem. [L.] In order. 
 
 semper feliz. [L.] Always fortu- 
 nate. 
 
 semper fidelis. [L.] Always 
 faithful. 
 
 semper idem. [L.] Always the 
 same. 
 
 semper paratus. [L.] Always 
 ready. 
 
 senatus consul turn. [L.] A decree 
 of the senate. 
 
 se non e vero, e ben trovato. [It.] 
 If not true, it is well feigned. 
 
 sesquipedalia verba. [L.] Words 
 a foot and a half long. 
 
 sic itur ad astra. [L.] Such is 
 the way to immortality. 
 
 sic passim. [L.] So everywhere. 
 
 sic semper tyrannis. [L.] Ever 
 so to tyrants ; — the motto of Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 sic transit gloria mundi. [L.] 
 So passes away earthly glory. 
 
 sic vos non vobis. [L.] Thus you 
 do not labor for yourselves. 
 
 sicut ante. [L.] As before. 
 
 sicut patribus, sit Deus nobis. 
 [L.] As God was with our fathers, 
 so may he be with us. 
 
 similia similibus curantur. [L.] 
 Like things are cured by like. 
 
 si monumentum quseris, circum- 
 spice. [L.] If you seek his mon- 
 ument, look around. 
 
 simplex munditiis. [L.] Of sim- 
 ple elegance. 
 
 sine cura. [L.] Without charge 
 or care. 
 
 sine die. [L.] Without a day ap- 
 pointed. 
 
 sine qua non. [L.] An indispen- 
 sable condition. 
 
 si quceris peninsulam amaenam, 
 circumspice. [L.] If thou seek- 
 est a beautiful peninsula, behold it 
 here ; — the motto of Michigan. 
 
 sit tibi terra levis. [L.] May the 
 earth lie lightly upon thee. 
 
 soubrette. [Fr.] An intriguing 
 woman. 
 
 stans pede in uno. [L.] Standing 
 on one foot. 
 
 stat magni nominis umbra. [L.] 
 He stands the shadow of a mighty 
 name. 
 
Words, Phrases, Proverbs 
 
 statu quo ante bellum. [L.] In 
 the state which was before the war. 
 
 status quo. [L.] The state in 
 which. 
 
 stet. [L.] Let it stand. 
 
 suaviter in modo, fortiter in re. 
 [L.] Gentle in manners, but reso- 
 lute in deed. 
 
 sub judice. [L.] Under considera- 
 tion. 
 
 sub rosa. [L.] Under the rose; 
 privately. 
 
 sui generis. [L.] Of its own kind. 
 
 sui juris. [L.] In one's own right. 
 
 summum bonum. [L.] The chief 
 good. 
 
 suo Marte. [L.] By his own strength. 
 
 suum cuique. [L.] Let each have 
 his own. 
 
 tabula rasa. [L.] A smooth or 
 blank tablet. 
 
 tant pis. [Fr.] So much the worse. 
 
 tan turn vidit Virgilium. '[L.] 
 He merely saw Virgil (that is, the 
 great man.) 
 
 tapis. [Fr.] A carpet; also, the 
 cover of a council-table ; hence, to be 
 on the tapis is to be under consid- 
 eration. 
 
 tempora mutantur, et nos muta- 
 mur in illis. [L.] The times are 
 changed, and we are changed with 
 them. 
 
 tempus edax rerum. [L.] Time 
 the devourer of all things. 
 
 tempus fugit. [L.] Time flies. 
 
 terrse filius. [L.] A son of the 
 earth ; that is, human being. 
 
 terra nrma. [L.] Solid earth; a 
 safe footing. 
 
 terra incognita. [L.] An un- 
 known country. 
 
 tertium quid. [L.] A third some- 
 thing ; a nondescript. 
 
 tiers-etat. [Fr.] The third estate ; 
 commons or commonalty. 
 
 to kalon. [Gr.] The beautiful; 
 the chief good. 
 
 to prepon. [Gr.] The proper or 
 becoming. 
 
 totidem verbis. [L.] In just so 
 many words. 
 
 to ties quoties. [L.] As often as. 
 
 toto ccelo. [L.] By the whole heav- 
 ens ; diametrically opposite. 
 
 tout-a-fait. [Fr.] Entirely. 
 
 tout au contraire. [Fr.] On the 
 contrary. 
 
 tout ensemble. [Fr.] The whole 
 taken together. 
 
 U 
 
 uberrima fides. [L.] Supera- 
 bounding faith. 
 
 ubi supra. [L.] Where above 
 mentioned. 
 
 ultima ratio regum. [L.] The 
 last argument of kings ; war. 
 
 ultima thule. [L.] Utmost limit. 
 
 una voce. [L.] With one voice. 
 
 uno animo. [L.] With one mind; 
 unanimously. 
 
 usque ad aras. [L.] To the very 
 altars. 
 
 usque ad nauseam. [L.] To dis- 
 gust. 
 
 utile dulci. [L.] The useful with 
 the pleasant. 
 
 ut infra. [L.] As below. 
 
 ut supra. [L.] As above stated. 
 
 uti possidetis. [L.] As you pos- 
 sess ; state of present possession. 
 
 V 
 
 vade mecum. [L.] Go with me; a 
 
 constant companion. 
 vae victis. [L.] Woe to the van- 
 quished. 
 vale. [L.] Farewell. 
 valet de cbambre. [Fr.] An at- 
 tendant ; a footman. 
 variorum notae. [L.] The notes 
 
 of various authors. 
 veni, vidi, vici. [L.] I came, I 
 
 saw, I conquered. 
 verbatim et literatim. [L.] Word 
 
 for word and letter for letter. 
 verbum sat sapienti. [L.] A 
 
 word is enough for a wise man. 
 vetturo. [It.] A hack. 
 vetturino. [It.] A hackman. 
 vexata quaestio. [L.] A disputed 
 
 question. 
 via. [L.] By the way of. 
 via media. [L.] A middle course. 
 vice. [L.] In the place of. 
 vice versa. [L.] The terms being 
 
 exchanged. 
 vide ut supra. [L.] See what is 
 
 stated above. 
 vi et armis. [L.] By force and 
 
 arms ; by main force. 
 vincit amor patriae. [L.] Love 
 
 of country prevails. 
 vincit omnia Veritas. [L.] Truth 
 
 conquers all things. 
 vinculum matrimonii. [L.] The 
 
 bond of marriage. 
 
Words, Phrases, Proverbs 
 
 vires acqnirit eundo. [L.] She 
 
 acquires strength in her progress. 
 vis a vis. [Fr.] Opposite; facing. 
 vis a tergo. [L.] A propelling 
 
 force from behind. l 
 
 vis inertise. [L.] The power of 
 
 inertia ; resistance. 
 vis vitae. [L.] The vigor of life. 
 vitam impendere vero. [L.] To 
 
 stake one's life for the truth. 
 vivat regina. [L.] Long live the 
 
 queen. 
 vivat rex. [L.] Long live the king. 
 viva voce. [L.] By the living 
 
 voice ; by oral testimony. 
 vive la republique. [Fr.] Long 
 
 live the republic. 
 
 vive la bagatelle! [Fr.] Success 
 
 to trifling. 
 vive le roi. [Fr.] Long live the king. 
 voila. [Fr.] Behold; there is. 
 vox, et prseterea nihil. [L.] A 
 
 voice, and nothing more. 
 vox populi, vox Dei. [L.] The 
 
 voice of the people is the voice of 
 
 God. 
 v rax semblance. [Fr.] Appearance 
 
 of truth. 
 
 Z 
 zonam solvere. [L.] To loose the 
 
 virgin zone. 
 zollverein. [Ger.] A union among 
 
 the German states for the collection 
 
 of custom-house duties. 
 
 Facts About the Earth 
 
 According to Clark, the equatorial semi-diameter is 20,926,202 feet=3963.2g6 
 miles, and the polar semi-diameter is 20,854,895 feet=395o.738 miles. One degree of 
 latitude at the pole=69407 miles. One degree of latitude at t the equator=68.7o4 miles. 
 
 POPULATION OF THE EARTH BY CONTINENTS 
 
 (From Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society.) 
 
 Conti- 
 
 Area in 
 Square 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Inhabitants. 
 
 Conti- 
 nental 
 Divisions. 
 
 Australasia 
 
 Europe .... 
 
 Polar Reg.. 
 
 Total 
 
 Area in 
 Square 
 Miles. 
 
 3,288,000 
 3.555,000 
 4,888,800 
 51,238,800 
 
 Inhabitants. 
 
 nental 
 Divisions. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Per Sq. 
 
 Mile. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Per Sq. 
 Mile. 
 
 Africa 
 
 Ameria, N.. 
 America, S. 
 
 "§§§§ 
 
 127,000,000 
 89,250,000 
 36,420,000 
 
 850,000,000 
 
 11.00 
 
 13.80 
 
 5-30 
 
 57.70 
 
 4,730,000 
 
 380,200,000 
 
 300,000 
 
 ; 1,487,900,000 
 
 1.40 
 
 106.90 
 
 0.07 
 
 Asia 
 
 29.00 
 
 The above estimate was made by Ernest George Ravenstein, F. R. G. S., the 
 geographer and statistician, and is for 1890. The population of North America, 1900, 
 had increased to over 100,000,000. 
 
 An estimate of population of the earth, made by Drs. Wagner and Supan, editors 
 of "Bevolkerung derErde" (Perthes, Gotha, 1891), is as follows : Europe, 357,379,000; 
 Asia, 825,954,000; Africa, 163,953,000; America, 121,713,000; Australia, 3,230,000; 
 Oceanic Islands, 7,420,000 ; polar regions, 80,400. Total, 1,479,729,400. The estimate 
 of area of the continents and islands by the same authorities is 52,82i,684 v 
 
 Ravenstein's estimate of the earth's fertile region, in square miles, is 28,269,200 ; 
 Steppe, 13,901,000; desert, 4,180,000; polar regions, 4,888,800. 
 
 The population of the earth at the death of the Emperor Augustus, estimated by 
 Bodio, was 54,000,000. The population of Europe hardly exceeded 50,000,000 before 
 the fifteenth century. — Mulhall. 
 
 The area and cubic contents of the earth, according to the data of Clark, given 
 above, are: Surface, 196,971,984 square miles; cubic contents, 259,944,035,515 cubic 
 miles. 
 
 Murray-Challenger expedition states the greatest depth of the Atlantic Ocean, 
 at 27,366 feet ; Pacific Ocean, 30,000 feet ; Indian Ocean, 18,582 feet ; Southern Ocean, 
 25,200 feet ; Arctic Ocean, 9,000 feet. The Atlantic Ocean has an area, in square miles, 
 of 24,536,000; Pacific Ocean, 50,309,000; Indian Ocean, 17.084,000; Arctic Ocean 
 4,781.000; Southern Ocean, 30,592,000. The highest mountain is believed to be 
 Deodhunga, one of the Himalayas, 29,002 feet. 
 
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 
 
 IN CONGRESS— THURSDAY, TULY 4, 1776 
 
 Ageeeably to the order of the day, 
 the Congress resolved itself into a com- 
 mittee of the whole, to take into their 
 further, consideration the Declaration ; 
 and after some time the President re- 
 sumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison 
 reported that the committee had agreed 
 to a declaration, which they desired 
 him to report. (The committee con- 
 sisted of Jefferson, Franklin, John 
 Adams, Sherman and R. R. Livings- 
 ton.) 
 
 The Declaration being read, was 
 agreed to, as follows : 
 
 A DECLARATION. 
 
 By the Representatives of the United 
 
 States of America, in Congress 
 
 Assembled. 
 
 When, in the course of human 
 events, it becomes necessary for one 
 people to dissolve the political bands 
 which have connected them with an- 
 other, and to assume, among the pow- 
 ers of the earth, the separate and equal 
 station to which the laws of nature 
 and of nature's God entitle them, a 
 decent respect to the opinions of man- 
 kind requires that they should declare 
 the causes which impel them to the 
 separation. 
 
 We hold these truths to be self-evi- 
 dent, that all men are created equal ; 
 that they are endowed by their Crea- 
 tor with certain inalienable rights ; 
 that among these, are life, liberty, and 
 the pursuit of happiness. That to se- 
 cure these rights, governments are in- 
 stituted among men, deriving their 
 just powers from the consent of the 
 governed : that, whenever any form of 
 government becomes destructive of 
 these ends, it is the right of the people 
 to alter or to abolish it, and to insti- 
 tute a new government, laying its 
 foundation on such principles, and or- 
 
 ganizing its powers in such form, as 
 to them shall seem most likely to ef- 
 fect their safety and happiness. Pru- 
 dence, indeed, will dictate that govern- 
 ments long established, should not be 
 changed for light and transient causes ; 
 and, accordingly, all experience hath 
 shown, that mankind are more dispos- 
 ed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, 
 than to right themselves by abolishing 
 the forms to which they are accus- 
 tomed. But, when a long train of 
 abuses and usurpations, pursuing in- 
 variably the same object, evinces a 
 design to reduce them under absolute 
 despotism, it is their right, it is their 
 duty, to throw off such government, 
 and to provide new guards for their 
 future security. Such has been the 
 patient sufferance of these colonies, 
 and such is now the necessity which 
 constrains them to alter their former 
 systems of government. The history 
 of the present King of Great Britain 
 is a history of repeated injuries and 
 usurpations, all having, in direct ob- 
 ject, the establishment of an absolute 
 tyranny over these states. To prove 
 this, let facts be submitted to a candid 
 world : 
 
 He has refused his assent to laws 
 the most wholesome and necessary for 
 the public good. 
 
 He has forbidden his Governors to 
 pass laws of immediate and pressing 
 importance, unless suspended in their 
 operation till his assent should be ob- 
 tained ; and when so suspended, he has 
 utterly neglected to attend to them. 
 
 He has refused to pass other laws 
 for the accommodation of large dis- 
 tricts of people, unless those people 
 would relinquish the right of repre- 
 sentation in the legislature ; a right 
 inestimable to them, and formidable to 
 tyrants only. 
 
 He has called together legislative 
 bodies at places unusual, uncorafort- 
 
Declaration of Independence 
 
 able, and distant from the depository 
 of their public records, for the sole 
 purpose of fatiguing them into com- 
 pliance with his measures. 
 
 He has dissolved representative 
 houses repeatedly, for opposing, with 
 manly firmness, his invasions on the 
 rights of the people. 
 
 He has refused, for a long time after 
 such dissolutions, to cause others to 
 be elected ; whereby the legislative 
 powers, incapable of annihilation, have 
 returned to the people at large for 
 their exercise ; the state remaining, in 
 the mean time, exposed to all the dan- 
 ger of invasion from without, and 
 convulsions within. 
 
 He has endeavored to prevent the 
 population of these states, for that 
 purpose, obstructing the laws for nat- 
 uralization of foreigners ; refusing to 
 pass others to encourage their migra- 
 tion hither, and raising the conditions 
 of new appropriations of lands. 
 
 He has obstructed the administra- 
 tion of justice by refusing his assent 
 to laws for establishing judiciary 
 powers. 
 
 He has made judges dependent on 
 his will alone, for the tenure of their 
 offices, and the amount and payment 
 of their salaries. 
 
 He has erected a multitude of new 
 offices, and sent hither swarms of offi- 
 cers to harass out people, and eat out 
 their substance. 
 
 He has kept among us, in times of 
 peace, standing armies, without the 
 consent of our legislature. 
 
 He has affected to render the mili- 
 tary indpendent of and superior to 
 the civil power. 
 
 He has combined, with others, to 
 subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to 
 our constitution, and unacknowledged 
 by our laws ; giving his assent to their 
 acts of pretended legislation : 
 
 For quartering large bodies of arm- 
 ed troops among us ; 
 
 For protecting them, by a mock 
 trial, from punishment, for any mur- 
 ders which they should commit on the 
 inhabitants of these states; 
 
 For cutting off our trade with all 
 parts of the world ; 
 
 For imposing taxes on us without 
 our consent ; 
 
 For depriving us, in many cases, of 
 the benefits of trial by jury ; 
 
 For transporting us beyond seas to 
 be tried for pretended offences ; 
 
 For abolishing the free system of 
 English laws in a neighboring prov- 
 ince, establishing therein an arbitrary 
 government, and enlarging its bound- 
 aries, so as to render it at once an 
 example and fit instrument for intro- 
 ducing the same absolute rule into 
 these colonies ; 
 
 For taking away our charters, abol- 
 ishing our most valuable laws, and 
 altering, fundamentally, the powers of 
 our governments ; 
 
 For suspending our own legislatures, 
 and declaring themselves invested with 
 power to legislate for us in all cases 
 whatsoever. 
 
 He has abdicated government here, 
 by declaring us out of his protection, 
 and waging war against us. 
 
 He has plundered our seas, ravaged 
 our coasts, burnt our towns, and de- 
 stroyed the lives of our people. 
 
 He is, _ at this time, transporting 
 large armies of foreign mercenaries to 
 complete the works of death, desola- 
 tion, and tryanny, already begun, with 
 circumstances of cruelty and perfidy 
 scarcely paralleled in the most bar- 
 barous ages, and totally unworthy the 
 head of a civilized nation. 
 
 He has constrained our fellow-citi- 
 zens, taken captive on the high seas, 
 to bear arms against their country, 
 to become the executioners of their 
 friends and brethren, or to fall them- 
 selves by their hands. 
 
 He has excited domestic insurrec- 
 tions amongst us, and has endeavored 
 to bring on the inhabitants of our 
 frontiers the merciless Indian savages, 
 whose known rule of warfare is an un- 
 distinguished destruction, of all ages, 
 sexes, and conditions. 
 
 In every stage of these oppressions, 
 we have petitioned for redress, in the 
 most humble terms ; our repeated peti- 
 tions have been answered only by re- 
 peated injury. A prince, whose char- 
 acter is thus marked by every act 
 which may define a. tyrant, is unfit to 
 be the ruler of a free people. 
 
 Nor have we been wanting in atten- 
 tion to our British brethren. We have 
 warned them, from time to time, of 
 attempts made by their legislature 
 to extend an unwarrantable jurisdic- 
 tion over us. We have reminded them 
 of the circumstances of our emigration 
 
Declaration of Independence 
 
 and settlement here. We have appeal- 
 ed to their native justice and magna- 
 nimity, and we have conjured them, 
 by the ties of our common kindred, to 
 disavow these usurpations, which 
 would inevitably interrupt our con- 
 nections and correspondence. They, 
 too, have been deaf to the voice of jus- 
 tice and consanguinity. We must, 
 therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, 
 which denounces our separation, and 
 hold them, as we hold the rest of 
 mankind, enemies in war — in peace, 
 friends. 
 
 We, therefore the representatives of 
 the UNITED STATES OF AMER- 
 ICA, in GENERAL CONGRESS as- 
 sembled, appealing to the Supreme 
 Judge of the World for the rectitude 
 of our intentions, do, in the name, and 
 by the authority of the good people of 
 these colonies, solemnly publish and 
 declare, That these United Colonies 
 are, and of right ought to be, Free 
 and Independent States ; that they 
 are absolved from all allegiance to the 
 British crown, and that all political 
 connection between them and the 
 State of Great Britain, is, and ought 
 to be, totally dissolved ; and that, 
 as FREE AND INDEPENDENT 
 STATES, they have full power to levy 
 war, conclude peace, contract alliances, 
 establish commerce, and to do all 
 other acts and things which INDE- 
 PENDENT STATES may of right to 
 do. And,- for the support of this Decla- 
 ration, with a firm reliance on the pro- 
 tection of DIVINE PROVIDENCE, 
 we mutually pledge to each other, our 
 lives, our fortunes, and our sacred 
 honor. 
 
 The foregoing Declaration was, by 
 order of Congress, engrossed, and sign- 
 ed by the following members : 
 
 JOHN HANCOCK. 
 
 New Hampshire — Josiah Bartlett, 
 William Whipple, Matthew Thornton. 
 
 Connecticut — Roger Sherman, Sam- 
 uel Huntington, William Williams, 
 Oliver Wolcott. 
 
 Rhode Island — Stephen Hopkins, 
 William Ellery. 
 
 New York — William Floyd, Philip 
 Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis 
 Morris. 
 
 New Jersey — Richard Stockton, 
 John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkin- 
 son, John Hart, Abraham Clark. 
 
 Pennsylvania — Robert Morris, 
 Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, 
 John Morton, George Clymer, James 
 Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, 
 George Ross. 
 
 Massachusetts Bay — Samuel Ad- 
 ams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, 
 Elbridge Gerry. 
 
 Delaware — Caesar Rodney, George 
 Read, Thomas M'Kean. 
 
 Maryland — Samuel Chase, William 
 Paca, Thomas Stone, James Carroll, 
 of Carrollton. 
 
 Virginia — George Wythe, Richard 
 Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benja- 
 min Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jun., 
 Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Brax- 
 ton. 
 
 North Carolina — William Hooper, 
 Joseph Hewes, John Penn. 
 
 South Carolina — Edward Rut- 
 ledge, Thomas Heyward, Jun., Arthur 
 Middleton. 
 
 Georgia — Button Swinnett, Lyman 
 Hall, George Walton. 
 
THE CONSTITUTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA* 
 
 [PREAMBLE.] 
 
 We, the people of the United States, 
 in order to form a more perfect 
 Union, establish Justice, insure do- 
 mestic Tranquillity, provide for the 
 common defence, promote the gen- 
 eral Welfare, and secure the Bless- 
 ings of Liberty to ourselves and our 
 Posterity, do ordain and establish 
 this Constitution for the United 
 States of America. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 [The Legislative Department.] 
 
 Section 1. All legislative Powers 
 herein granted shall be vested in a 
 Congress of the United States, which 
 shall consist of a Senate and House of 
 Representatives. 
 
 Sec. 2. The House of Represen- 
 tatives shall be composed of Members 
 chosen every second Year by the Peo- 
 ple of the several States, and the Elec- 
 tors in each State shall have the Qual- 
 ifications requisite for Electors of the 
 most numerous Branch of the State 
 Legislature. 
 
 No Person shall be a Representative 
 who shall not have attained to the 
 Age of twenty-five Years, and been 
 seven Years a Citizen of the United 
 States, and who shall not, when elect- 
 ed, be an Inhabitant of that State in 
 which he shall be chosen. 
 
 Representatives and direct Taxes 
 shall be apportioned among the sev- 
 eral States which may be included 
 within this Union, according to their 
 respective Numbers, which shall be de- 
 termined by adding to the whole Num- 
 
 * This is an exact copy of the original in punctua- 
 tion, spelling, capitals, etc.,— in all respects except 
 the words and figures which are enclosed in brackets, 
 and the reference marks. 
 
 ber of free Persons, including those 
 bound to Service for a Term of Years, 
 and excluding Indians not taxed, three- 
 fifths of all other persons.* The act- 
 ual Enumeration shall be made within 
 three Years after the first meeting of 
 the Congress of the United States, and 
 within every subsequent Term of ten 
 Years, in such Manner as they shall 
 by Law direct. The Number of Rep- 
 resentatives shall not exceed one for 
 every thirty Thousand, but each State 
 shall have at Least one Representa- 
 tive ; and until such enumeration shall 
 be made, the State of New Hampshire 
 shall be entitled to chuse three, Mas- 
 sachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and 
 Providence Plantations one, Connecti- 
 cut five, New York six, New Jersey 
 four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware 
 one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, 
 North Carolina five, South Carolina 
 five, and Georgia three. 
 
 When vacancies happen in the Rep- 
 resentation from any State, the Exe- 
 cutive Authority thereof shall issue 
 Writs of Election to fill such Vacan- 
 cies. 
 
 The House of Representatives shall 
 chuse their Speaker and other offi- 
 cers! and shall have the sole power 
 of Impeachment. 
 
 Sec. 3. The Senate of the United 
 States shall be composed of two Sena- 
 tors from each State, chosen by the 
 Legislature thereof, for six Years ; and 
 each Senator shall have one Vote. 
 
 Immediately after they shall be as- 
 sembled in Consequence of the first 
 Election, they shall be divided as 
 equally as m? r be into three Classes. 
 The Seats of the Senators of the first 
 CI hall be vacated at the Expira- 
 
 * "Other persons" refers to slaves. See Amend- 
 ments, Art. XI ., Becl ions land 2. 
 t The prir.cir>al of these are the clerk, sergeant 
 
 at i ' ^nd postmaster. 
 
Constitution of the U. S. of America 
 
 tion of the second Year, of the second 
 Class at the Expiration of the fourth 
 Year and of the third Glass at the 
 Expiration of the sixth Year, so that 
 one-third may be chosen every second 
 year ; and if Vacancies happen by 
 Resignation, or otherwise during the 
 Recess of the Legislature of any State, 
 the Executive thereof may make tem- 
 porary Appointments until the next 
 Meeting of the Legislature, which shall 
 then fill such Vacancies. 
 
 No person shall be a Senator who 
 shall not have attained the Age of 
 thirty Years, and been nine Years a 
 Citizen of the United States, and who 
 shall not, when elected, be an Inhabit- 
 ant of that State for which he shall 
 be chosen. 
 
 The Vice President of the United 
 States shall be President of the Sen- 
 ate, but shall have no Vote, unless 
 they be equally divided. 
 
 The Senate shall chuse their other 
 Officers, and also a President, pro 
 tempor, in the Absence of the Vice 
 President, or when he shall exercise 
 the Office of President of the United 
 States. 
 
 The Senate shall have the sole 
 Power to try all Impeachments. When 
 sitting for that Purpose, they shall be 
 on Oath or Affirmation. When the 
 President of United States is tried, 
 the Chief Justice shall preside : _ And 
 no person shall be convicted without 
 the Concurrence of two-thirds of the 
 Members present. 
 
 Judgment in. Cases of Impeachment 
 shall not extend further than to re- 
 moval from Office, and Disqualifica- 
 tion to hold and enjoy any Office of 
 Honor, Trust or Profit under the Uni- 
 ted States : but the Party convicted 
 shall nevertheless be liable and subject 
 to Indictment. Trial, Judgment and 
 Punishment, according to Law. 
 
 Sec. 4. The Times, Places and Man- 
 ner of holding Elections for Senators 
 and Representatives, shall be prescrib- 
 ed in each State by the Legislature 
 thereof; but the Congress may at any 
 time by Law make or alter such Regu- 
 lations, except as to the places of chus- 
 ing Senators. 
 
 The Congress shall assemble at least 
 once in every Year, and nch Meeting 
 shall be on the first Moi . • in i • 1- 
 ber, unless they shall by Law ap t 
 a different Day. 
 
 Sec. 5. Each House shall be the 
 Judge of the Elections, Returns ' and 
 Qualifications of its own Members, 
 and a Majority of each shall consti- 
 tute a Quorum to do Business ; but a 
 smaller Number may adjourn from day 
 to day, and may be authorized to com- 
 pel the Attendance of absent Members, 
 in such Manner, and under such Pen- 
 alties as each House may provide. 
 
 Each House may determine the 
 Rules of its Proceedings, punish its 
 Members for disorderly Behaviour, 
 and, with the Concurrence of two- 
 thirds, expel a Member. 
 
 Each House shall keep a Journal of 
 its Proceedings, and from time to time 
 publish the same, excepting such Parts 
 as may in their Judgment require 
 Secrecy ; and the Yeas and Nays of 
 the Members of either House on any 
 question shall, at the Desire of one- 
 fifth of those Present, be entered on 
 the Journal. 
 
 Neither House, during the Session of 
 Congress, shall, without the Consent 
 of the other, adjourn for more than 
 three days, nor to any other Place 
 than that in which the two Houses 
 shall be sitting. 
 
 Sec. 6. The Senators and Represen- 
 tatives shall receive a Compensation* 
 for their Services, to be ascertained by 
 Law, and paid out of the Treasury of 
 the United States. They shall in all 
 Cases, except Treason, Felony and 
 Breach of the Peace, be privileged 
 from Arrest during their Attendance 
 at the Session of their respective 
 Houses, and in going to and returning 
 from the same ; and for any Speech or 
 Debate in either House, they shall not 
 be questioned in any other Place. 
 
 No Senator or Representative shall, 
 during the Time for which he was 
 elected, be appointed to any civil Of- 
 fice under the Authority of the United 
 States, which shall have been created, 
 or the Emoluments whereof shall have 
 been increased during such time ; and 
 no Person holding any Office under the 
 United States, shall be a Member of 
 either House during his Continuance 
 in Office. 
 
 Sec. 7. All bills for raising Revenue 
 shall originate in the House of Rep- 
 resentatives ; but the Senate may pro- 
 
 * The present compensation is $5,000 a year, and 
 an allowance of 20 cents for every mile of travel 
 to and from the national capital. 
 
Constitution of the U. S. of America 
 
 pose or concur with Amendments as 
 on other Bills. 
 
 Every bill which shall have passed 
 the House of Representatives and the 
 Senate, shall, before it becomes a Law, 
 be presented to the President of the 
 United States ; If he approve he shall 
 sign it, but if not he shall return it, 
 with his Objections to the House in 
 which it shall have originated, who 
 shall enter the Objections at large on 
 their Journal, and proceed to recon- 
 sider it. If after such Reconsidera- 
 tion two-thirds of that House shall 
 agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, 
 together with the Objections to the 
 other House, by which it shall like- 
 wise be reconsidered, and if approved 
 by two-thirds of that House it shall 
 become a Law. But in all such Cases 
 the Votes of Both Houses shall be 
 determined by Teas and Xays, and the 
 Names of the Persons voting for and 
 against the Bill shall be entered on 
 the Journal of each House respec- 
 tively. If any Bill shall not be re- 
 turned by the President within ten 
 days (Sundays excepted) after it shall 
 have been presented to him, the Same 
 shall be a law, in like Manner as if he 
 had signed it, unless the Congress by 
 their Adjournment prevent its Return, 
 in which Case it shall not be a Law. 
 
 Every Order, Resolution, or. Vote 
 to which the Concurrence of the Sen- 
 ate and House of Representatives may 
 be necessary (except on a question of 
 Adjournment) shall be presented to 
 the President of the United States ; 
 and before the same shall take Effect, 
 shall be approved by him, or being 
 disapproved by him. shall be repassed 
 by two-thirds of the Senate and House 
 of Representatives, according to the 
 Rules and Limitations prescribed in 
 the Case of a Bill. 
 
 Sec. 8. The Congress shall have 
 Power : 
 
 To lay and collect Taxes. Duties, 
 Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts 
 and provide for the common Defence 
 and general Welfare of the United 
 States : but all Duties, Imposts and 
 Excises shall be uniform throughout 
 the United States: 
 
 To borrow Money on credit of the 
 United States; 
 
 To regulate Commerce with foreign 
 Nations, and among the several States, 
 and with the Indian Tribes; 
 
 D. 60. 
 
 To establish an uniform Rule of 
 Naturalization,* and uniform Laws on 
 the subject of Bankruptcies through- 
 out the United States ; 
 
 To coin Money, regulate the Value 
 thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix 
 the Standard of Weights and Meas- 
 ures ; 
 
 To provide for the Punishment of 
 counterfeiting the Securities and cur- 
 rent Coin of the United States ; 
 
 To establish Post Offices and post 
 Roads ; 
 
 To promote the progress of Science 
 and useful Arts, by securing for lim- 
 ited Times to Authors and Inventors 
 the exclusive Rightf to their respec- 
 tive Writings and Discoveries ; 
 
 To constitute Tribunals inferior to 
 the supreme Court ; 
 
 To define and punish Piracies and 
 Felonies committed on the high Seas, 
 and Offences against the Law of Na- 
 tions ; 
 
 To declare War, grant Letters of 
 Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules 
 concerning Captures on Land and 
 Water ; 
 
 To raise and support Armies, but 
 no Appropriation of Money to that 
 Use shall be for a longer Term than 
 two Years ; 
 
 To provide and maintain a Navy ; 
 
 To make Rules for the Government 
 and Regulation of the land and naval 
 Forces ; 
 
 To provide for calling forth the 
 Militia to execute the Laws of the 
 L'nion, suppress Insurrections and re- 
 pel Invasions ; 
 
 To provide for organizing, arming, 
 and disciplining, the Militia, and for 
 governing such part of them as may be 
 employed in the Service of the United 
 States, reserving to the States respec- 
 tively, the Appointment of the Officers, 
 and the Authority of training the Mili- 
 tia according to the Discipline pre- 
 scribed by Congress ; 
 
 To exercise exclusive Legislation in 
 all Cases whatsoever, over such Dis- 
 
 * The Naturalization laws require a foreigner to 
 be in the country five years before he is entitled 
 to citizenship. 
 
 t An Author obtains a copyright by application 
 to the Librarian of Congress, and it is secured for 
 twenty-eight years. 
 
 An Inventor secures a patent from the Patent 
 Office, at Washington, for a certain number of 
 years, prescribed by the Commissioner of Patents. 
 
Constitution of the U. S. of America 
 
 trict (not exceeding ten Miles square) 
 as may, by Cession of particular 
 States, and the Acceptance of Con- 
 gress, become the Seat of the Govern- 
 ment of the United States, and to ex- 
 ercise like Authority over all places 
 purchased by the Consent of the Leg- 
 islature of the State in which the 
 Same shall be, for the Erection of 
 Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, Dock- 
 Yards, and other needful Buildings ; 
 —And 
 
 To make all Laws which shall 15e 
 necessary and proper for carrying into 
 Execution the foregoing Powers, and 
 all other Powers vested by this Con- 
 stitution in the Government of the 
 United States, or in any Department 
 or Officer thereof. 
 
 Sec. 9. The Migration or Importa- 
 tion of such Persons as any of the 
 States now existing shall think proper 
 to admit, shall not be prohibited by 
 the Congress prior to the Year one 
 thousand eight hundred and eight, but 
 a Tax or Duty may be imposed on 
 such Importation, not exceeding ten 
 dollars for each Person. 
 
 The Privilege of the Writ of Ha- 
 beas Corpus shall not be suspended, 
 unless when in Cases of Rebellion or 
 Invasion the public safety may require 
 it. 
 
 No Bill of Attainder or ex post 
 facto Law shall be passed. 
 
 No Capitulation, or other direct Tax 
 shall be laid, unless in Proportion to 
 the Census or Enumeration herein be- 
 fore directed to be taken. 
 
 No Tax or Duty shall be laid on 
 Articles exported from any State. 
 
 No Preference shall be given by any 
 Regulation of Commerce or Revenue 
 to the Ports of one State over those 
 of another; nor shall Vessels bound 
 to, or from, one State, be obliged to 
 enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. 
 
 No Money shall be drawn from the 
 Treasury, but in Consequence of Ap- 
 propriations made by Law ; and a reg- 
 ular Statement and Account of the Re- 
 ceipts and Expenditures of all public 
 Money shall be published from time 
 to time. 
 
 No Title of Nobility shall be grant- 
 ed by the United States : And no Per- 
 son holding any Office of Profit or 
 Trust under them, shall, without the 
 Consent of the Congress, accept of any 
 present, Emolument, Office, or Title, 
 
 of any kind whatever, from any King, 
 Prince, or foreign State. 
 
 Sec. 10. No State shall enter into 
 any Treaty, Alliance, or Confedera- 
 tion ; grant Letters of Marque and Re- 
 prisal ; coin Money ; emit Bills of 
 Credit ; make any Thing but gold and 
 silver Coin a Tender in Payment of 
 Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex 
 post facto Law, or Law impairing the 
 Obligation of Contracts, or grant any 
 Title of Nobility. 
 
 No State shall, without the consent 
 of the Congress, lay any Imposts or 
 Duties on Imports or Exports, except 
 what may be absolutely necessary for 
 executing its inspection Laws ; and the 
 net Produce of all Duties and Imposts 
 laid by any State on Imports or Ex- 
 ports, shall be for the Use of the Treas- 
 ury of the United States ; and all such 
 Laws shall be subject to the Revision 
 and Controul of the Congress. 
 
 No State shall, without the Consent 
 of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, 
 keep Troops, or Ships of War in time 
 of Peace, enter into any Agreement 
 or Compact with another State, or 
 with a foreign Power, or engage in 
 War, unless actually invaded, or in 
 such imminent Danger as will not 
 admit of Delay. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 [The Executive Department.] 
 
 Section. 1. The executive Power 
 shall be vested in a President of the 
 United States of America. He shall 
 hold his Office during the Term of four 
 Years, and, together with the Vice 
 President, chosen for the same Term, 
 be elected as follows : 
 
 Each State shall appoint, in such 
 Manner as the Legislature thereof may 
 direct, a Number of Electors, equal to 
 the whole Number of Senators and 
 Representatives to which the State 
 may be entitled in the Congress: but 
 no Senator or Representative, or Per- 
 son holding an Office of Trust or 
 Profit under the United States, shall 
 be appointed an Elector. 
 
 * The Electors shall meet in their 
 respective States, and vote by Ballot 
 for two Persons, of whom one at least 
 shall not be an Inhabitant of the same 
 
 * This clause has been superseded by the lath 
 Amendment. 
 
Constitution of the U. S. of America 
 
 State with themselves. And they shall 
 make a List of all the Persons voted 
 for, and of the Number of Votes for 
 each ; which List they shall sign and 
 certify, and transmit sealed to the 
 Seat of the Government of the United 
 States, directed to the President of the 
 Senate. The President of the Senate 
 shall, in the Presence of the Senate 
 and House of Representatives, open 
 all the Certificates, and the Votes shall 
 then be counted. The Person having 
 the greatest Number of Votes shall be 
 the President, if such Number be a 
 Majority of the whole Number of 
 Electors appointed ; and if there be 
 more than one who have ?uch Majority 
 and have an equal Number of Votes, 
 then the House of Representatives 
 shall immediately chuse by Ballot one 
 of them for President ; and if no Per- 
 son have a Majority, then from five 
 highest on the List the said House 
 shall in like Manner chuse the Presi- 
 dent. But in chusing the President, 
 the Votes shall be taken by States, the 
 Representation from each State hav- 
 ing one Vote; a Quorum for this 
 Purpose shall consist of a Member or 
 Members from two-thirds of the States, 
 and a Majority of all the States shall 
 be necessary to a Choice. In every 
 Case, after the Choice of the President, 
 the Person having the greatest Num- 
 ber of Votes of the Electors shall be 
 the Vice President. But if there should 
 remain two or more who have equal 
 Votes, the Senate shall chuse from 
 them by Ballot the Vice President. 
 
 The Congress may determine the 
 Time of chusing the Electors, and the 
 Day on which they shall give their 
 Votes ; which Day shall be the same 
 throughout the United States. 
 
 No Person except a natural born 
 Citizen, or a Citizen of the United 
 States, at the time of the Adoption of 
 this Constitution shall be eligible to 
 the Office of President ; neither shall 
 any Person be eligible to that Office 
 who shall not have attained to the Age 
 of thirty-five Years, and been four- 
 teen Years a Resident within the Uni- 
 ted States. 
 
 In Case of the Removal of the Pres- 
 ident from Office, or of his Death, 
 Resignation, or Inability to discharge 
 the Powers and Duties of the said 
 office, the same shall devolve on the 
 
 Vice President, and the Congress may 
 by Law provide for the Case of Re- 
 moval, Death, Resignation, or Inabil- 
 ity, both of the President and Vice 
 President, declaring what Officer shall 
 then act as President, and such Officer 
 shall act accordingly, until the Disabil- 
 ity be removed, or a President shall 
 be elected. 
 
 The President shall, at stated Times, 
 receive for his Services, a Compensa- 
 tion, which shall neither be increased 
 nor diminished during the Period for 
 which he shall have been elected, and 
 he shall not receive within that Period 
 any other Emolument from the United 
 States, or any of them. 
 
 Before he enter on the Execution of 
 his Office, he shall take the following 
 Oath or Affirmation : 
 
 " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) 
 " that I will faithfully execute the 
 " Office of President of the United 
 " States, and will to the best of my 
 " Ability, preserve, protect and defend 
 11 the Constitution of the United 
 " States." 
 
 Sec. 2. The President shall be Com- 
 mander in Chief of the Army and 
 Navy of the United States, and of the 
 Militia of the several States, when 
 called into the actual Service of the 
 United States ; he may require the 
 opinion, in writing, of the principal 
 Officer in each of the executive De- 
 partments, upon any subject relating 
 to the Duties of their respective Offi- 
 ces, and he shall have Power to grant 
 Reprieves and Pardons for Offences 
 against the United States, except in 
 Cases of Impeachment. 
 
 He shall have Power, by and with 
 the Adivce and Consent of the Senate, 
 to make Treaties, provided two-thirds 
 of the Senators present concur; and 
 he shall nominate, and by and with the 
 Advice and Consent of the Senate, 
 shall appoint Ambassadors, other pub- 
 lic Ministers and Consuls, Judges of 
 the supreme Court, and all other Offi- 
 cers of the United States, whose Ap- 
 pointments are not herein otherwise 
 provided for, and which shall be estab- 
 lished by Law ; but the Congress may 
 by Law vest the Appointment of such 
 inferior Officers, as they think proper, 
 in the President alone, in the Courts 
 of Law, or in the Heads of Depart- 
 ments. 
 
Constitution of the U. S. of America 
 
 The President shall have Power to 
 fill up all Vacancies that may happen 
 during the Recess of the Senate, by 
 granting Commissions which shall ex- 
 pire at the End of their next Session. 
 
 Sec. 3. He shall from time to time 
 give to the Congress Information of the 
 State of the Union, and recommend to 
 their Consideration such Measures as 
 he shall judge necessary and expedi- 
 ent ; he may, on extraordinary Occa- 
 sions, convene both Houses, or either 
 of them, and in Case of Disagreement 
 between them, with Respect to the 
 time of Adjournment, he may adjourn 
 them to such Time as he shall think 
 proper : he shall receive Ambassadors 
 and other public Ministers ; he shall 
 take Care that the Laws be faithfully 
 executed, and shall Commission all the 
 officers of the United States. 
 
 Sec. 4. The President, Vice Presi- 
 dent and all civil Officers of the United 
 States, shall be removed from Office 
 on Impeachment for, and Conviction 
 of, Treason, Bribery, or other high 
 Crimes and Misdemeanors. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 CThe Judicial Department.] 
 
 Section 1. The Judicial Power of 
 the United States, shall be vested in 
 one supreme Court, and in such infe- 
 rior Courts as the Congress may from 
 time to time ordain and establish. The 
 Judges, both of the supreme and in- 
 ferior Courts, shall hold their Offices 
 during good behaviour, and shall, at 
 stated times, receive for their Serv- 
 ices, a Compensation which shall not 
 be diminished during their continuance 
 in Office. 
 
 Sec. 2. The judicial Powe'r shall ex- 
 tend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, 
 arising under this Constitution, the 
 Laws of the United States, and Treat- 
 ies made, or which shall be made, 
 under their Authority ; — to all Cases 
 affecting Ambassadors, other public 
 Ministers and Consuls ; — to all Cases 
 of admiralty and maritime Jurisdic- 
 tion ; — to Controversies to which the 
 United States shall be a Party ; — to 
 Controversies between two or more 
 States; — between a State and Citi- 
 zens of another State ; — between Cit- 
 izens of different States, — between Cit- 
 izens of the same State claiming 
 Lands under Grants of different States, 
 
 and between a State, or the Citizens 
 thereof and foreign States, Citizens or 
 Subjects. 
 
 In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, 
 other public Ministers and Consuls, 
 and those in which a State shall be 
 Party, the supreme Court shall have 
 original Jurisdiction. In all the other 
 Cases before mentioned, the supreme 
 Court shall have appellate Jurisdic- 
 tion, both as to Law and Fact, with 
 such Exceptions, and under such Reg- 
 ulations as the Congress shall make. 
 
 The Trial of all Crimes, except in 
 Cases of Impeachment, shall be by 
 Jury ; and such Trial shall be held in 
 the State where the said Crimes shall 
 have been committed ; but when not 
 committed within any State, the Trial 
 shall be at such Place or Places as the 
 Congress may by Law have directed. 
 
 Sec. 3. Treason against the United 
 States, shall consist only in levying 
 War against them, or in adhering to 
 their Enemies, giving them Aid and 
 Comfort. No Person shall be convict- 
 ed of Treason unless on the Testimony 
 of two Witnesses to the same overt 
 Act, or on Confession in open Court. 
 
 The Congress shall have Power to 
 declare the Punishment of Treason, 
 but no Attainder of Treason shall 
 work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeit- 
 ure except during the Life of the Per- 
 son attainted. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 [Miscellaneous.] 
 
 Section. 1. Full Faith and Credit 
 shall be given in each State to the 
 public Acts, Records and judicial Pro- 
 ceedings of every other State. And 
 the Congress may by general Laws 
 prescribe the Manner in which such 
 Acts, Records and Proceedings shall 
 be proved, and the Effect thereof. 
 
 Sec. 2. The Citizens of each State 
 shall be entitled to all Privileges and 
 Immunities of Citizens in the several 
 States. 
 
 A Person charged in any State with 
 Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who 
 shall flee from Justice, and be found 
 in another State, shall on Demand of 
 the executive Authority of the State 
 from which he fled, be delivered up, to 
 be removed to the State having Juris- 
 diction of the Crime. 
 
Constitution of the U. S. of America 
 
 No Person held to Service or La- 
 bour in one State, under the Laws 
 thereof, escaping into another, shall, 
 in Consequence of any Law or Regu- 
 lation therein, be discharged from such 
 Service or Labour, but shall be deliv- 
 ered up on Claim of the Party to 
 whom such Service or Labour may be 
 due. 
 
 Sec. 3. New States may be admit- 
 ted by the Congress into this Union ; 
 but no new State shall be formed or 
 erected within the Jurisdiction of any 
 other State ; nor any State be formed 
 by the Junction of two or more States, 
 or Parts of States, without the Con- 
 sent of the Legislatures of the States 
 concerned as well as of the Congress. 
 
 The Congress shall have power to 
 dispose of and make all needful Rules 
 and Regulations respecting the Terri- 
 tory or other Property belonging to 
 the United States ; and nothing in 
 this Constitution shall be so construed 
 as to Prejudice any Claims of the Uni- 
 ted States, or of any particular State. 
 
 Sec. 4. The United States shall 
 guarantee to every State in this Union 
 a Republican Form of Government, 
 and shall protect each of them against 
 Invasion, and on Application of the 
 Legislature, or of the Executive 
 (when the Legislature cannot be con- 
 vened) against domestic Violence. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 The Congress, whenever two-thirds 
 of both Houses shall deem it necessary, 
 shall propose Amendments to this 
 Constitution, or, on the Application 
 of the Legislature of two-thirds of the 
 several States, shall call a Convention 
 for proposing Amendments, which, in 
 either Case, shall be valid to all In- 
 tents and Purposes, as Part of this 
 Constitution, when ratified by the Leg- 
 islatures of three-fourths of the sev- 
 eral States, or by Conventions in 
 three-fourths thereof, as the one or the 
 other Mode of Ratification may be 
 proposed by the Congress ; Provided 
 that no Amendment which may be 
 made prior to the Tear one thousand 
 eight hundred and eight shall in any 
 Manner affect the first and fourth 
 Clauses in the Ninth Section of the 
 first Article : and that no State, with- 
 out its Consent, shall be deprived of 
 its equal Suffrage in the Senate. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 All Debts contracted and Engage- 
 ments entered into, before the Adop- 
 tion of this Constitution, shall be as 
 valid against the United States under 
 this Constitution, as under the Con- 
 federation. 
 
 This Constitution, and the Laws of 
 the United States which shall be made 
 in Pursuance thereof ; and all treaties 
 made, or which shall be made, under 
 the authority of the United States 
 shall be the Supreme Law of the 
 Land ; and the Judges in every State 
 shall be bound thereby, any Thing in 
 the Constitution or Laws of any State 
 to the Contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 The Senators and Representatives 
 before mentioned, and the Members of 
 the several State Legislatures, and all 
 executive and judicial Officers, both of 
 the United States, and of the several 
 States, shall be bound by Oath or Af- 
 firmation, to support this Constitu- 
 tion ; but no religious Test shall ever 
 be required as a qualification to any 
 Office or public Trust under the Uni- 
 ted States. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 The Ratification of the Conventions 
 of Nine States, shall be sufficient for 
 the Establishment of this Constitution 
 between the States so ratifying the 
 same. 
 
 Done in Convention by the Unani- 
 mous Consent of the States pres- 
 ent the Seventeenth Day of Sep- 
 tember in the Year of our Lord 
 one thousand seven hundred and 
 Eighty-seven and of the Indepen- 
 dence of the United States of 
 America the Twelfth. In Wit- 
 ness whereof We have hereunto 
 subscribed our Names, 
 
 G° Washington — 
 PresidH and deputy from Virginia. 
 New Hampshire — John Langdon, 
 Nicholas Gilman. 
 
 New York — Alexander Hamilton. 
 New Jersey — Wil. Livingston, Wm. 
 Paterson, David Brearley, Jona Day- 
 ton. 
 
 Pennsylvania — B. Franklin, Robt. 
 Morris, Tho. Fitzsimons, James Wil- 
 son, Thomas Mifflin, Geo. Clymer, 
 Jared Ingersoll. 
 
 Massachusetts — Nathaniel Gor- 
 ham, Rufus King, Gouv. Morris. 
 
Constitution of the U. S. of America 
 
 Delaware — Geor. Read, John Dick- 
 inson Jaco Broom, Gunning Bedford, 
 Jun., Richard Bassett. 
 
 Maryland — James M'Henry, Danl. 
 Carrol, Dan of St. Thos. Jenifer. 
 
 Virginia — John Blair. 
 
 Connecticut — Wm. Saml. John- 
 son, Roger Sherman, James Madison, 
 Jr. 
 
 North Carolina — Wm. Blount, 
 Hu. Williamson, Richard Dobbs 
 Spaight. 
 
 South Carolina — J. Rutledge, 
 Charles Pickney, Charles Cotesworth 
 Pickney, Pierce Butler. 
 
 Georgia — William Few, Abr. Bald- 
 win. 
 
 Attest: William Jackson, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 AMENDMENTS 
 
 TO 
 
 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES OF 
 
 AMERICA. 
 
 Proposed "by Congress, and ratified oy 
 
 the Legislatures of the Several 
 
 States, pursuant to the fifth 
 
 article of the original 
 
 Constitution. 
 
 AMENDMENT I. 
 
 Congress shall make no law re- 
 specting an establishment of religion, 
 or prohibiting the free exercise there- 
 of ; or abridging the freedom of speech, 
 or of the press ; or the right of the 
 people peaceably to assemble, and to 
 petition the Government for a redress 
 of grievances. 
 
 AMENDMENT II. 
 
 A well regulated Militia, being nec- 
 essary to the security of a free State, 
 the right of the people to keep and 
 bear Arms, shall not be infringed. 
 
 AMENDMENT III. 
 
 No Soldier shall, in time of peace 
 be quartered in any house, without 
 the consent of the Owner, nor in time 
 
 of war, but in- a manner to be pre- 
 scribed by law. 
 
 AMENDMENT IV. 
 
 The right of the people to be secure 
 in their persons, houses, papers, and 
 effects, against unreasonable searches 
 and seizures, shall not be violated, and 
 no Warrants shall issue, but upon 
 probable cause, supported oy oath or 
 affirmation, and particularly describ- 
 ing the place to be searched, and the 
 person or things to be seized. 
 
 AMENDMENT V. 
 
 No person shall be held to answer 
 for a capital, or otherwise infamous 
 crime, unless on a presentment or in- 
 dictment of a Grand Jury, except in 
 cases arising in the land or naval 
 forces, or in the Militia, when in ac- 
 tual service in time of War or public 
 danger; nor shall any person be sub- 
 ject for the same offence to be twice 
 put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor 
 shall be compelled in any Criminal 
 Case to be a witness against himself, 
 nor be deprived of life, liberty, or prop- 
 erty, without due process of law ; nor 
 shall private property be taken for 
 public use, without just compensation. 
 
 AMENDMENT Vl 
 
 In all criminal prosecutions, the ac- 
 cused shall enjoy the right to a speedy 
 and public trial, by an impartial jury 
 of the State and district wherein the 
 crime shall have been committed, 
 which district shall have been pre- 
 viously ascertained by law, and to be 
 informed of the nature and cause of 
 the accusation ; to be confronted with 
 the witnesses against him ; to have 
 Compulsory process for obtaining Wit- 
 nesses in his favor, and to have the 
 Assistance of Counsel for his defence. 
 
 AMENDMENT VII. 
 
 In Suits at common law, where the 
 value in controversy shall exceed 
 twenty dollars, the right of trial by 
 jury shall be preserved, and no fact 
 tried by a jury shall be otherwise^ re- 
 examined in anv Court of the United 
 States, than according to the rules of 
 the common law. 
 
Constitution of the U. S. of America 
 
 AMENDMENT VIII. 
 
 Excessive bail shall not be required, 
 nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel 
 and unusual punishments inflicted. 
 
 AMENDMENT IX. 
 
 The enumeration of the Constitu- 
 tion of certain rights, shall not be 
 construed to deny or disparage others 
 retained by the people. 
 
 AMENDMENT X.* 
 
 The powers not delegated to the 
 United States by the Constitution, nor 
 prohibited by it to the States, are re- 
 served to the States respectively, or 
 to the people. 
 
 AMENDMENT Xl.f 
 
 The Judicial power of the United 
 States shall not be construed to ex- 
 tend to any suit in law or equity, 
 commenced or prosecuted against one 
 of the United States by Citizens of 
 another State, or by Citizens or Sub- 
 jects of any Foreign State. 
 
 AMENDMENT XII.* 
 
 The Electors shall meet in their re- 
 spective states, and vote by ballot for 
 President and Vice President, one of 
 whom at least, shall not be an inhabi- 
 tant of the same state with them- 
 selves ; they shall name in their bal- 
 lots the person voted for as President. 
 and in distinct ballots the person voted 
 for as Vice President, and they shall 
 make distinct lists of all persons voted 
 for as President, and of all persons 
 voted for as Vice President, and of 
 the number of votes for each, which 
 lists they shall sign and certify, and 
 transfer sealed to the seat of the gov- 
 ernment of the United States directed 
 to the President of the Senate ; — The 
 President of the Senate shall, in pres- 
 ence of the Senate and House of Rep- 
 
 * The first ten amendments were proposed at the 
 first session of the first Congress (1789), and declared 
 adopted in 1791. 
 
 t The eleventh amendment -was proposed at the 
 first session of the third Congress (1794), and de- 
 clared adopted in 1798. 
 
 % This amendment is substituted for Clause 3, 
 Sec. 1., Art. II., page 934, and annuls it. It was 
 declared adopted in 1804. 
 
 resentatives, open all the certificates 
 and the votes shall then be counted ; — 
 The person having the greatest num- 
 ber of votes for President, shall be the 
 President, if such number be a major- 
 ity of the whole number of Electors 
 appointed ; and if no person have such 
 majority, then from the persons hav- 
 ing the highest numbers no exceed- 
 ing three on the list of those voted 
 for as President, the House of Repre- 
 sentatives shall choose immediately, by 
 ballot, the President. But in choosing 
 the President, the votes shall be taken 
 by states, the representation from each 
 state having one vote ; a quorum for 
 this purpose shall consist of a member 
 or members from two-thirds of the 
 states, and a majority of all the states 
 shall be necessary to a choice. And if 
 the House of Representatives shall 
 not choose a President whenever the 
 right of choice shall devolve upon 
 them, before the fourth day of March 
 next following, then the Vice Presi- 
 dent shall act as President, as in the 
 case of the death or other constitu- 
 tional disability of the President. The 
 person having the greatest number of 
 votes as Vice President, shall be the 
 Vice President, if such number be a 
 majority of the whole number of Elect- 
 ors appointed, and if no person have 
 a majority, then from the two highest 
 numbers on the list, the Senate shall 
 choose the Vice President ; a quorum 
 for the purpose shall consist of two- 
 thirds of the whole number of Sena- 
 tors, and a majority of the whole 
 number shall be necessary to a choice. 
 But no person constitutionally ineli- 
 gible to the office of President shall be 
 eligible to that of Vice President of 
 the United States. 
 
 AMENDMENT XIII.* 
 
 Section 1. Neither slavery nor in- 
 voluntary servitude, except as punish- 
 ment for crime, whereof the party 
 shall have been duly convicted, shall 
 exist within the United States, or any 
 place subject to their jurisdiction. 
 
 Sec. 2. Congress shall have power 
 i to enforce this article by appropriate 
 legislation. 
 
 * The thirteenth amendment was proposed at tht 
 second session of the thirty-eighth Congress (1865), 
 and declared adopted in 1865. 
 
Constitution of the U. S. of America 
 
 AMENDMENT XlV.f 
 
 Section 1. All persons born or nat- 
 uralized in the United States, and sub- 
 ject to the jurisdiction thereof, are 
 citizens of the United States and of 
 the state wherein they reside. No 
 state shall make or enforce any law 
 which shall abridge the privileges or 
 immunities of citizens of the United 
 States; nor shall any state deprive 
 any person of life, liberty, or prop- 
 erty, without due process of law, nor 
 deny any person within its jurisdic- 
 tion the equal protection of the laws. 
 
 Sec. 2. Representatives shall be ap- 
 portioned among the several states ac- 
 cording to their respective numbers, 
 counting the whole number of persons 
 in each state, excluding Indians not 
 taxed. But when the right to vote at 
 any election for the choice of Elect- 
 ors for President and Vice President 
 of the United States, representatives 
 in Congress, the executive and judicial 
 officers of a state, or the members of 
 the Legislature thereof, is denied to 
 any of the male inhabitants of such 
 state, being twenty-one years of age, 
 and citizens of the United States, or 
 in any way abridged, except for par- 
 ticipation in rebellion or other crime, 
 the basis of representation therein 
 shall be reduced in the proportion 
 which the number of such male citi- 
 zens shall bear to the whole number 
 of male citizens twenty-one years of 
 age in such state. 
 
 Sec. 3. No person shall be a Sena- 
 tor or Representative in Congress, or 
 Elector of President and Vice Presi- 
 dent, or hold any office, civil or mili- 
 
 t The fourteenth amendment was first proposed 
 at the first session of the thirty-ninth Congress, 1866, 
 and declared adopted in 1868. 
 
 tary, under the United States, or un- 
 der any state, who, having previously 
 taken an oath, as a member of Con- 
 gress, or as an officer of the United 
 States, or as a member of any state 
 Legislature, or as an executive or ju- 
 dicial officer of any state, to support 
 the Constitution of the United States, 
 shall have engaged in insurrection or 
 rebellion against the same or given aid 
 or comfort to the enemies thereof. But 
 Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds 
 of each house, remove such disability. 
 
 Sec. 4. The validity of the public 
 debt of the United States, authorized 
 by law, including debts incurred for 
 payment of pensions and bounties for 
 services in suppressing insurrection 
 or rebellion, shall not be questioned. 
 But neither the United States nor any 
 state shall assume or pay any debt or 
 obligation incurred in aid of insurrec- 
 tion or rebellion against the United 
 States, or any claim for the loss or 
 emancipation of any slave ; but all 
 such debts obligations, and claims shall 
 be held illegal and void. 
 
 Sec. 5. The Congress shall have 
 power to enforce, by appropriate legis- 
 lation, the provisions of this article. 
 
 AMENDMENT XV.* 
 
 Section 1. The right of citizens of 
 the United States to vote shall not be 
 denied or abridged by the United 
 States, or by any state, on account of 
 race, color, or previous condition of 
 servitude. 
 
 Sec. 2. The Congress shall have 
 power to enforce this article by ap- 
 propriate legislation. 
 
 * The fifteenth amendment was proposed at the 
 second session of the fortieth Congress, in 1869, and 
 declared adopted in 1870. 
 
THE METRIC SYSTEM 
 
 OF 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
 
 MEASURES OF LENGTH. 
 
 METRIC DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES. 
 
 EQUIVALENTS IN DENOMINATIONS IN USE. 
 
 Myriameter 10,000 meters, 
 
 Kilometer 1,000 meters, 
 
 • 
 
 
 . 6.2137 miles. 
 
 . 0.62137 mile, or 3280 feet and 10 inches. 
 328 feet and 1 inch. 
 393.7 inches. 
 39.37 inches. 
 3.937 inches. 
 . 0.3937 inch. 
 . 0.0394 inch. 
 
 
 
 Decimeter & of a meter, 
 
 Centimeter xfoy of a meter, 
 
 Millimeter x^ of a meter. 
 
 MEASURES OF SURFACE. 
 
 METRIC DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES. 
 
 Hectare 10,000 square meters, 
 
 Are 100 square meters, 
 
 Centare 1 square meter, 
 
 EQUIVALENTS IN DENOMINATIONS IN USE. 
 
 . 2.471 acres. 
 119.6 square yards. 
 1,550 square inches. 
 
 MEASURES OF CAPACITY. 
 
 METRIC DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES. 
 
 Names. 
 
 No. of 
 
 liters. 
 
 Kiloliter, or Stere 
 
 1,000 
 
 Hectoliter . . . 
 
 100 
 
 Dekaliter . . . 
 
 10 
 
 Liter . . . . . 
 
 1 
 
 Deciliter .... 
 
 A 
 
 Centiliter . . . 
 
 TTO 
 
 Milliliter. . . . 
 
 raW 
 
 Cubic Measure. 
 
 1 cubic meter . . . 
 ^y of a cubic meter . 
 10 cubic decimeters . 
 
 1 cubic decimeter 
 xV of a cubic decimeter 
 10 cubic centimeters . 
 
 1 cubic centimeter . 
 
 EQUIVALENTS IN DENOMINATIONS IN USE. 
 
 Dry Measure. 
 
 1.308 cubic yards , . . 
 2 bushels and 3.35 pecks 
 
 9.08 quarts 
 
 0.908 quart 
 
 6-1022 cubic inches . . 
 0.6102 cubic inch . . 
 0.061 cubic inch . . . 
 
 Liquid or Wine 
 Measure. 
 
 264.17 gallons. 
 26.417 gallons. 
 2.6417 gallons. 
 1.0567 quarts. 
 0.845 gill. 
 0.338 fluid oz. 
 0.27 fluid dram. 
 
 WEIGHTS. 
 
 METRIC DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES. 
 
 EQUIVALENTS IN DENOM- 
 INATIONS IN USE. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Number of 
 grams. 
 
 Weight of what quantity of water 
 at maximum density. 
 
 Avoirdupois Weight. 
 
 Millier or Tonneau 
 Quintal . 
 Myriagram 
 Kilogram or Kilo 
 Hectogram 
 Dekagram . 
 Gram . . . 
 Decigram . 
 Centigram . 
 Milligram . 
 
 ,000,000 
 
 100,000 
 
 10,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 rfas 
 Totns 
 
 1 cubic meter . . . . 
 
 1 hectoliter 
 
 10 liters * 
 
 1 liter 
 
 1 deciliter 
 
 10 cubic centimeters . . 
 
 1 cubic centimeter . . 
 tV of a cubic centimeter 
 10 cubic millimeters . . 
 
 1 cubic millimeter . . 
 
 2,204.6 pounds. 
 220.46 pounds. 
 22.046 pounds. 
 
 2.2046 pounds. 
 
 3.5274 ounces. 
 
 0.3527 ounce. 
 15.432 grains. 
 
 1.5432 grains. 
 
 0.1543 grain. 
 
 0.0154 grain. 
 
Value of Foreign Coins in United States Money, 
 
 (Proclaimed by the Secretary of the Treasury, October i, 1903*). 
 (Revised by Messrs. Thomas Cook & Son, October 1, 1904). 
 
 Country. 
 
 Standard. 
 
 Monetary Unit. 
 
 Value in 
 
 U. S. Gold 
 
 Dollar. 
 
 Coins. 
 
 Argent. R. 
 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 
 Gold... 
 Silver.. 
 Gold... 
 
 Gold... 
 
 Silver. . 
 Gold... 
 
 Silver.. 
 Silver. . 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 
 Gold... 
 
 Silver.. 
 
 Gold... 
 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 
 Gold... 
 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 
 Silver.. 
 
 Gold. . . 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 Gold... 
 
 Peso 
 
 $0.96.5 
 .20.3 
 
 .19-3 
 .40.8 
 .54-6 
 
 1.00 
 .40.8 
 .40 
 
 .60.2 
 .63-9 
 .65.7 
 .40.8 
 
 .46.5 
 
 .92.6 
 
 .26.8 
 
 .48.7 
 
 4-94-3 
 
 .19-3 
 
 .23.8 
 
 4-86.6^ 
 
 •19-3 
 
 .96.5 
 
 4.86.6^ 
 .19-3 
 .49.8 
 
 -45 
 
 .40.2 
 1.01.4 
 
 .26.S 
 
 .40 
 1.08 
 
 .51.5 
 
 ■Si 
 
 .193 
 .04.4 
 1.03.4 
 •19-3 
 
 Gold: argentine ($4.82.4) and M argentine. 
 
 Silver: peso and divisions. 
 Gold: former system — 4 florins ($1.92.9), 8 
 
 florins ($3.85.8), ducat ($2.28.7), and 4 
 
 ducats ($9.14.9). Silver: 1 and 2 florins. 
 
 Gold: present system— 20 crowns ($4.05.2) 
 
 and 10 crowns ($2.02.6). 
 Gold: 10 and 20 francs. Silver: 5 francs. 
 
 
 Belgium ... 
 
 
 
 Silver: boliviano and divisions. 
 
 
 
 Gold: 5, 10, and 20 milreis. Silver: %, 1, 
 
 
 Dollar 
 
 and 2 milreis. 
 
 
 Pesot 
 
 Silver: peso and divisions. 
 
 Chile 
 
 Peso 
 
 Gold: escudo ($1.82.5) , doubloon ($3.65) ,and 
 condor ($7.30) . Silver: peso and divisions. 
 
 Gold: condor ($9.64.7) and double-condor. 
 Silver: peso. 
 
 Gold: 2, 5, 10, and 20 colons ($9.30.7) . Sil- 
 ver: 5, 10, 25, and 50 centimos. 
 
 Gold: doubloon ($5.01.7) ; Alphonse 
 ($4.82.3). Silver: peso. 
 
 Gold: 10 and 20 crowns. 
 
 Gold: 10 sucres ($4.86.65). Silver: sucre 
 and divisions. 
 
 Gold: pound (100 piasters), 5, 10, 20 and 50 
 piasters. Silver: 1,2, 5,10, and20 piasters. 
 
 Gold: 6, 10, 20, 50, and 100 frs. Silver: 5 frs. 
 
 China 
 
 ( Shanghai 
 TaelJ . . . . j Tientsin . 
 
 ( Canton.. 
 Peso 
 
 
 
 Cuba 
 
 
 Denmark . . 
 Ecuador... 
 
 Egypt 
 
 Crown 
 
 Sucre 
 
 Pound (100 piasters) . 
 
 Germany . . 
 Gt. Britain. 
 
 
 Pound sterling 
 
 Gold: sovereign (pound st'ling)andKso'gn. 
 
 Gold: 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 drachmas. Sil- 
 ver: 5 drachmas. 
 
 Gold: 1, 2, 5, and 10 gourdes. Silver: gourde 
 and divisions. 
 
 Gold: sov. ($4.86.65). Sil.: rupee and div'ns. 
 
 Gold: 6, 10, and 20 lire. Silver: 5 lire. 
 
 Gold: 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 yen. Silver: 10, 20, 
 and 50 sen. 
 
 Gold: dollar ($0.98.3) , 2K, 5, 10, and 20 dol- 
 lars. Silver: dollar (or peso) and divisions. 
 
 Hayti 
 
 India 
 
 Italy 
 
 Japan 
 
 Mexico .... 
 
 Neth'lands. 
 
 
 Pound sterling§ 
 
 
 Dollar 
 
 N'foundl'd. 
 Norway . . . 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Crown 
 
 Sol 
 
 Gold: 2 dollars ($2.02.7). 
 Gold: 10 and 20 crowns. 
 Gold: libra ($4.86.65) . Sil.: sol and div'ns. 
 Gold: 1, 2, 5, and 10 milreis. 
 Gold: imperial ($7.71.8) and H imperial, 7^ 
 rubles ($3.86) . Silver: K, K, and 1 ruble. 
 Gold: 25 pesetas. Silver: 5 pesetas. 
 
 Portugal .. 
 
 
 Ruble 
 
 Spain 
 
 Sweden 
 
 
 
 Switz'land. 
 Turkey 
 
 Franc 
 
 Gold: 6, 10, and 20 frs. Silver: 5 frs 
 Gold: 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 piasters. 
 Gold: peso. Silver: peso and divisions. 
 Gold: 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 bolivars. Sil- 
 ver: 5 bolivars. 
 
 Uruguay... 
 
 Peso 
 
 Venezuela. . 1 Gold . . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 * The coins of silver-standard countries are valued by their pure silver contents, at the average market price of 
 silver for the three months preceding the date of this circular. + Not including Costa Rica. % The British dollar 
 has the same value as the Mexican at Hong Kotig and the Straits Settlement. § The sovereign is the standard 
 coin of India, but the rupee ($0.32.4) is the money of account, current at 15 to the sovereign. 
 
Value of Foreign Coins — Continued 
 
 TABLE SHOWING THE VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS AND PAPER NOTES 
 IN AMERICAN MONEY BASED UPON THE VALUES EXPRESSED IN 
 THE ABOVE TABLE. 
 
 Number. 
 
 British £ 
 
 German 
 
 French 
 
 Franc, 
 
 Italian Lira. 
 
 Chinese Tael 
 
 Dutch 
 
 Indian 
 
 Russian 
 
 Austrian 
 
 Sterling. 
 
 Mark. 
 
 (Shanghai). 
 
 Florin. 
 
 Rupee. 
 
 Gold Ruble. 
 
 Crown. 
 
 ! 
 
 $4-86.6 X 
 
 $0.23.8 
 
 $0.10.3 
 O.38.6 
 
 $0.60.2 
 
 $0.40.2 
 O.6O.4 
 1.20.6 
 
 $0.32.4 
 O.64.8 
 
 $0.51.5 
 
 $0.20.3 
 
 2 
 
 9-73-3 
 
 O.47.6 
 
 I 20.4 
 I.80.6 
 
 I.03 
 
 0.40.6 
 
 9.00.9 
 
 3 
 
 14.59.9^ 
 19.46.6 
 
 O.71.4 
 
 O.57.9 
 
 O.97.2 
 
 2.00 
 
 4 
 
 O.95.2 
 
 0.77.2 
 
 2.40.8 
 
 I.60.8 
 
 I.29.6 
 
 0.81.2 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 24-33-2^ 
 
 1,19 
 
 O.96.5 
 I.15.8 
 
 I.35-I 
 
 3.OI 
 
 2.01 
 
 1.62 
 
 2.57.5 
 
 1.01.5 
 
 29.19.9 
 
 34.06.5^ 
 
 38.93.2 
 
 I.42.8 
 
 1.66.6 
 
 3.61.2 
 4.21.4 
 4.81.6 
 
 2.41 .2 
 2.81.4 
 3.2I.6 
 
 m • 
 
 3-99 
 3.60.5 
 
 1. 21 .8 
 
 1. 42.1 
 1.62.4 
 
 1.90.4 
 
 1.54.4 
 
 2.59.2 
 
 4.12 
 
 9 
 
 4379.8^ 
 
 48.66.5 
 
 97-33 
 
 2.14.2 
 2.3I 
 
 4.76 
 
 1.737 
 
 541.8 
 6.02.2 
 12.04 
 
 18.06 
 
 3.61.8 
 
 2.91.6 
 
 463.5 
 
 1.82.2 
 
 10 
 20 
 
 m 
 
 4.02 
 §.04 
 I2.06 
 
 n 
 
 5-15 
 10.30 
 
 2.03 
 4.06 
 6.09 
 
 30 
 
 I45.99.5 
 194.66 
 
 7.14 
 
 5-79 
 
 9.72 
 
 1545 
 20.60 
 
 40 
 
 9.52 
 
 7.72 
 
 24.08 
 
 16.08 
 
 12.96 
 
 8.12 
 
 So 
 
 M s 
 
 11.90 
 23.80 
 
 9.65 
 
 30.IO 
 
 20.10 
 
 16.20 
 
 2575 
 
 10.15 
 
 100 
 
 19.30 
 
 60.20 
 
 40.20 
 
 32.40 
 
 51.50 
 
 20.30 
 
 TIME DIFFERENCE 
 
 LATER THAN NEW YORK. 
 
 BETWEEN the CITY OF NEW YORK and the PRINCIPAL FOREIGN CITIES. 
 
 * EARLIER THAN NEW 
 
 H. M. YORK. 
 
 Paris 5 5-2 h. m. 
 
 Rio de Janeiro . 2 3.2 Havana 033.5 
 
 Rome <• 45. 8 Hong Kong .... 11 27. 4 
 
 St. Petersburg.. 6 57.1 Melbourne, 9 24.2 
 
 Valparaiso o 9.3 Mexico, City of. 140.5 
 
 Vienna 6 1.2 Panama' 22. 2 
 
 Halifax 41. 5 Yokohama 9 45. 5 
 
 H. M. 
 
 Antwerp 5 13.5 
 
 Berlin .. 5 49.5 
 
 Bremen.... 5 31.0 
 
 Brussels 5 13. 4 
 
 Buenos Ayres . . 1 2. 4 
 
 Calcutta 10 49.2 
 
 Constantinople. 6 51. 9 
 
 H. M. 
 
 Dublin 4 30. 5 
 
 Edinburgh 4 43. 2 
 
 Geneva 5 20. 5 
 
 Hamburg 5 35.8 
 
 Liverpool 4 43. 6 
 
 London 4 55.9 
 
 Madrid 4 41. 1 
 
 ELECTORAL VOTE IN 1904 
 
 The following is the electoral vote of the States as based upon the Apportionment Act of 1900 : 
 
 States. votes 
 
 Alabama .... 
 Arkansas 
 California . . . 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Connecticut . 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Florida 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Iowa 
 
 States. 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Louisiana .. .. 
 
 Maine 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Minnesota — 
 Mississippi — 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Montana 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Elect'l 
 Votes 
 
 States. 
 
 Nevada 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New "York 
 
 North Carolina.. 
 North Dakota... 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 South Carolina.. 
 South Dakota... 
 
 States. 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Texas 
 
 Utah 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Washington . . . 
 West Virginia. 
 Wisconsin .. .. 
 Wyoming 
 
 Total 476 
 
 Elect'l 
 Votes 
 
 Electoral votes necessary to a choice 239 
 
Weather Forecasts 
 
 ALMANAC predictions can be noth- 
 . ing but conjecture, the earth's 
 subjection to many unknowable and 
 undeterminable forces rendering such 
 calculations impossible. It is practi- 
 cable, however, by the following rules, 
 drawn from actual results during very 
 
 many years and applied with due re- 
 gard to the subjects of solar and lunar 
 attraction with reference to this plan- 
 et, to foresee the kind of weather 
 most likely to follow the moon's change 
 of phase : 
 
 Prognostications. 
 
 If New Moon, First Quarter, Full 
 Moon or Last Quarter happens 
 
 Between midnight and 2 a.m. 
 
 I 
 
 10 ••" 
 12 " 
 
 2 P.M. 
 
 ■■ t 
 
 10 " 
 
 midnight 
 
 In Summer. 
 
 Fair (1 and 2) 
 
 Cold and showers . . . 
 
 Rain 
 
 Wind and rain ....... 
 
 Changeable 
 
 Frequent showers (3} 
 
 Very rainy (4) 
 
 Changeable... ...... 
 
 Fair 
 
 Fair if wind N. W.. 
 Rainy if S., or S. W. 
 Fair 
 
 In Winter. 
 
 Frost, unless wind is S. W. (7) 
 
 Snow and stormy. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Stormy. 
 
 Cold rain if wind W., snow if E. 
 
 Cold and high wind. 
 
 Snow or rain. 
 
 Fair and mild. 
 
 Fair. 
 
 Fair and frosty if wind N. or N.E. 
 
 Rain or snow if S. or S. W. 
 
 Fair and frosty. 
 
 Observations. — 1. The nearer the 
 moon's change, first quarter, full and 
 last quarter to midnight, the fairer 
 will be the weather during the next 
 seven days. 
 
 2. The space for this calculation oc- 
 cupies from ten at night till two next 
 morning. 
 
 3. The nearer to midday or noon theo 
 phase of the moon happens, the more 
 foul or wet weather may be expected 
 during the next seven days. 
 
 4. The space for this calculation oc- 
 cupies from ten in the forenoon to 
 two in the afternoon. These observa- 
 tions refer principally to summer, 
 though they affect spring and autumn 
 in the same ratio. 
 
 5. The moon's change, first quarter, 
 full and last quarter happening dur- 
 ing six of the afternoon hours, i e., 
 from four to ten, may be followed by 
 fair weather, but this is mostly depen- 
 dent on the wind, as is noted in the 
 table. 
 
 6. Though the weather, from a vari- 
 ety of irregular causes, is more uncer- 
 tain in the latter part of autumn, the 
 
 whole of winter and the beginning of 
 spring, yet, in the main, the above 
 observations will apply to these pe- 
 riods also. 
 
 7. To prognosticate correctly, espe- 
 cially in those cases where the wind 
 is concerned, the observer should be 
 within sight of a vane where the four 
 cardinal points of the compass are cor- 
 rectly placed. 
 
 Certain phenomena in the air and 
 peculiarities of birds have long been 
 known to indicate a change in the 
 weather. Many years ago the learned 
 Dr. Jenner embodied these in verse, 
 in reply to an invitation from a friend 
 with whom he had planned an excur- 
 sion the following day. It covers about 
 all that is known to-day upon that 
 branch of the subject : 
 
 "The hollow winds begin to blow, 
 The clouds look black, the glass is low ; 
 The soot falls down, the spaniels sleep, 
 And spiders from their cobwebs peep. 
 Last night the sun went pale to bed. 
 The moon in halos hid her head ; 
 The boding shepherd heaves a sigh, 
 
Weather Forecasts 
 
 For, see, a rainbow spans the sky ; 
 The walls are damp, the ditches smell, 
 Closed is the pink-eyed pimpernel. 
 Hark ! how the chairs and tables crack, 
 Old Betty's joints are on the rack ; 
 Loud quack the ducks, the peacocks 
 
 cry. 
 The distant hills are looking nigh. 
 How restless are the snorting swine, 
 The busy flies disturb the kine ; 
 Low o'er the grass the swallow wings, 
 The cricket, too, how sharp he sings ; 
 Puss, on the hearth, with velvet paws, 
 Sits, wiping o'er her whiskered jaws. 
 Through the clear stream the fishes 
 
 rise, 
 And nimbly catch th' incautious flies ; 
 The glow-worms, numerous and bright, 
 
 Illum'd the dewy dell last night ; 
 At dusk the squalid toad was seen 
 Hopping and crawling o'er the green ; 
 The whirling wind the dust obeys, 
 And in the rapid eddy plays ; 
 The frog has changed his yellow vest, 
 And in a russet coat is dressed. 
 Though June, the air is cold and still ; 
 The blackbird's mellow voice is shrill ; 
 My dog, so alter'd is his taste, 
 Quits mutton bones, on grass to feast ; 
 And see yon rooks, how odd their 
 
 flight ; 
 They imitate the gliding kite, 
 And seem precipitate to fall — 
 As if they felt the piercing ball. 
 'Twill surely rain, I see with sorrow; 
 Our jaunt must be put off to-morrow." 
 
 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 Birthplace. 
 
 Paternal 
 Ancestry. 
 
 Resi- 
 dence. 
 
 Place of Death. 
 
 George Washington 
 
 John Adams 
 
 Thomas Jefferson 
 James Madison . . 
 James Monroe. . . 
 John Quincy Adams 
 Andrew Jackson.. 
 Martin Van Buren 
 William H.Harrison 
 John Tyler... 
 James K. Polk 
 
 Zachary Taylor 
 
 Millard Fillmore . . 
 Franklin Pierce. . . 
 James Buchanan.. 
 Abraham Lincoln. 
 Andrew Johnson.. 
 Ulysses S. Grant.. 
 Rutherford B. Hayes 
 James A. Garfield. . 
 Chester A. Arthur. 
 Grover Cleveland . . 
 Benjamin Harrison 
 Grover Cleveland . . 
 William McKinley 
 Theodore Roosevelt 
 
 Westmoreland Co.,Va. 
 
 Quincy, Mass 
 
 Shadwell, Va 
 
 Port Conway, Va 
 
 Westmoreland Co.,Va. 
 
 Quincv, Mass 
 
 Union Co., N. C* .... 
 Kinderhook, N. Y. ... 
 
 Berkeley, Va 
 
 Green way, Va 
 
 Mecklenburg Co., N.C. 
 
 Orange Co., Va 
 
 Summerhill, N. Y. ... 
 
 Hillsboro, N. H 
 
 Cove (jap, Pa 
 
 Larue Co., Ky 
 
 Raleigh, N. C 
 
 Point Pleasant, O 
 
 Delaware, O 
 
 Cuvahoga Co., O 
 
 Fairfield, Vt 
 
 Caldwell, N. J. 
 
 North Bend, O 
 
 Caldwell, N. J 
 
 Niles, O 
 
 New York City 
 
 1T:;2 
 1735 
 743 
 1751 
 
 1758 
 
 176 
 
 17G 
 
 1782 
 
 1773 
 
 1700 
 
 1795 
 
 1784 
 
 1800 
 
 1804 
 
 1 
 
 1809 
 
 1808 
 
 1822 
 
 1822 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1837 
 
 1833 
 
 English 
 English 
 Welsh . . 
 English 
 Scotch . 
 
 Scotch- Trish, 
 
 Dutch 
 
 English 
 
 English ... 
 Scotch-Irish 
 English ... 
 English . . . 
 English ... 
 Scotch- Irish 
 English ... 
 English ... 
 
 Scotch 
 
 Scotch 
 
 English ... 
 Scotch-Irish 
 English .... 
 English .... 
 
 English 
 
 Scotch-Irish, 
 Dutch 
 
 Va.... 
 Mass. 
 Va... 
 Va.... 
 Va... 
 Mass. 
 Tenn. 
 N. Y. 
 O. ... 
 Va... 
 Tenn. 
 La... 
 N. Y. 
 N. H. 
 Pa... 
 111. .. 
 Tenn. 
 D.C.. 
 O. ... 
 O.... 
 N. Y. 
 N. Y. 
 Ind. . 
 N. Y. 
 O. ... 
 N. Y. 
 
 17S9 
 1797 
 1S01 
 1809 
 1817 
 1825 
 1S29 
 1837 
 1841 
 1S41 
 1S45 
 1849 
 1850 
 1853 
 1S57 
 1861 
 1S65 
 1863 
 1877 
 1881 
 1881 
 1885 
 1S89 
 1893 
 1897 
 1901 
 
 Fed... 
 Fed. . 
 Rep.t. 
 Rep. . 
 Rep. . 
 Rep4. 
 Dem. . 
 Dem. . 
 Whig. 
 Dem.. 
 Dem. . 
 Whig. 
 Whig. 
 Dem.. 
 Dem.. 
 Rep... 
 Rep... 
 Rep... 
 Rep... 
 Rep... 
 Rep... 
 Dem.. 
 Rep... 
 Dem.. 
 Rep... 
 
 Mt. Vernon, Va. . . . 
 
 Quincy, Mass 
 
 Monticello, Va 
 
 Montpelier, Va. ... 
 New York City ... 
 Washington, D. C. . 
 Hermitage, Tenn.. 
 Lindeuwold, N. Y. 
 Washington, D. C. . 
 
 Richmond, Va 
 
 Nashville, Tenn. . . 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y 
 
 Concord, N. H 
 
 Wheatland, Pa.. .. 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Carter's Depot, Tenn.. 
 Mt. McGregor, N. Y. 
 
 Fremont, O 
 
 Long Branch, N. J. . 
 New York City 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Buffalo "n'.'y. .... 
 
 * Jackson called himself a South Carolinian, and his biographer, Kendall, recorded his' birthplace In Lancaster 
 County, S. C; but Parton has published documentary evidence to show that Jackson was born in Union County, N. C, 
 less than a quarter mile from the South Carolina line. 
 
 f The Democratic party of to-day claims lineal descent from the first Republican party, and President Jefferson 
 as its founder. 
 
 t Political parties were disorganized at the time of the election of John Quincy Adams. He claimed to be a 
 Republican, but his doctrines were decidedly Federalistic. The opposition to his Administration took the nam* 
 of Democrats, and elected Jackson President. 
 
Language of the Flowers 
 
 A CLUSTER of flowers can be made 
 to express any sentiment if care 
 is taken in the selection. 
 
 Tf a flower is offered reversed, its 
 original signification is contradicted, 
 ami the opposite implied. 
 
 A rosebud divested of thorns, but re- 
 taining leaves, conveys the sentiment, 
 "I fear no longer; I hope." Strip- 
 ped of leaves and thorns, it signifies, 
 "There is nothing to hope or fear." 
 
 SINGLE 
 
 Arbor Vitse — Unchanging friendship. 
 
 Camelia, White — Loveliness. 
 
 Candy-Tuft — Indifference. 
 
 Carnation, White — Disdain. 
 
 China Aster — Variety. 
 
 Clover, Four-Leaf — Be mine. 
 
 Clover, White — Think of me. 
 
 Clover, Red — Industry. 
 
 Columbine — Folly. 
 
 Daisy — Innocence. 
 
 Daisy, Colored — Beauty. 
 
 Dead Leaves — Sadness. 
 
 Deadly Nightshade — Falsehood. 
 
 Fern — Fascination. 
 
 Forget-me-not. 
 
 Fuchsia, Scarlet — Taste. 
 
 Geranium, Horseshoe — Stupidity. 
 
 Geranium, Scarlet — Consolation. 
 
 Geranium, Rose — Preference. 
 
 Golden-rod — Be cautious. 
 
 Helitrope — Devotion. 
 
 Hyacinth, White — Loveliness. 
 
 Hyacinth, Purple — Sorrow. 
 
 Ivy — Friendship. 
 
 Lily, Day — Coquetry. 
 
 Lily, White — Sweetness. 
 
 Lily, Yellow — Gayety. 
 
 Lily, Water — Purity of heart. 
 
 Lily of the Valley — Unconscious sweet- 
 ness. 
 
 Mignonette — Your qualities surpass 
 your charms. 
 
 Monkshead — Danger is near. 
 
 Myrtle — Love. 
 
 Oak — Hospitality. 
 
 Orange Blossoms — Chastity. 
 
 Pansy — Thoughts. 
 
 Passion Flower — Faith. 
 
 Primrose — Inconstancy. 
 
 Rose — Love. 
 
 Rose, Damask — Beauty ever new. 
 
 Rose, Yellow — Jealousy. 
 
 Rqse, White — I am worthy of you. 
 
 Rosebud, Moss — Confession of Love, 
 
 A full-blown rose, placed over fewo 
 buds, signifies " Secrecy.?' 
 
 " Yes " is implied by touching the 
 flower given to the lips; " No," by 
 pinching off a petal and casting it 
 away. 
 
 " I am " is expressed by a laurel 
 leaf twined around the bouquet ; " I 
 have," by an ivy leaf folded together ; 
 " I offer you," by a leaf of Virginia 
 creeper. 
 
 FLOWERS 
 
 Smilax — Constancy. 
 
 Straw — Agreement. 
 
 Straw, Broken — Broken Agreement. 
 
 Sweet Pea — Depart. 
 
 Tuberose — Dangerous Pleasures. 
 
 Thistle — Sternness. 
 
 Verbena — Pray for me. 
 
 White Jasmine — Amiability. 
 
 Witch Hazel — A spell. 
 
 EST COMBINATIONS 
 
 Moss Rosebud, 
 Myrtle. 
 
 Mignonette, 
 Colored Daisy. 
 
 Lily of the Valley, 
 Ferns. 
 
 Yellow Rose, 
 Broken Straw, 
 Ivy. 
 
 Scarlet Geranium, 
 Passion Flower, 
 Purple Hyacinth, 
 Arbor Vitse. 
 
 Columbine, 
 Day Lily, 
 Broken Straw, 
 Witch Hazel, 
 Colored Daisy. 
 White Pink, 
 Canary Grass, 
 Laurel. 
 
 Golden-rod, 
 Monkshead, 
 Sweet Pea, 
 Forget-me-not. 
 
 j A confession 
 { of love. 
 
 {Your qualities sur- 
 pass your charms 
 of beauty. 
 {Your unconscious 
 sweetness 
 has fascinated me. 
 {Your jealousy 
 has broken 
 our friendship. 
 'I trust you will 
 find consolation, 
 through faith, 
 in your sorrow ; 
 be assured of my 
 unchanging 
 I. friendship. 
 ' Your folly and 
 coquetry have 
 broken 
 
 the spell of your 
 „ beauty. 
 
 {Your talent 
 and perseverance 
 will win you glory. 
 
 f Be cautious ; 
 J danger is near ; 
 j I denart soon ; 
 I forget-me-not. 
 
Language of Gems. 
 
 Certain flowers symbolize the months of the year. 
 
 Snowdrop January Water-lily July 
 
 Primrose February Poppy August 
 
 Violet March Morning-glory September 
 
 Daisy , April Hops October 
 
 Hawthorn May Chrysanthemum November 
 
 Honeysuckle June Holly December 
 
 Language of Gems 
 
 Marvelous properties were attributed to many precious stones and 
 gems by the ancients, and it is customary among lovers and friends to 
 notice the significance attached to various stones in making birthday, 
 engagement, and wedding presents. 
 
 Agate — Insures health, long life, 
 and prosperity. 
 
 Amethyst — Preventive against vio- 
 lent passions. 
 
 Beryl — Everlasting youth and hap- 
 piness. 
 
 Bloodstone — Steadfast affection, 
 courage, and wisdom. 
 
 Carnelian — Preventive of misfor- 
 tune. 
 
 Catseye — Warns against danger and 
 trouble. 
 
 Chalcedony — Drives away sadness. 
 
 Chrysolite — Frees from evil pas- 
 sions and melancholy. 
 
 Diamond — Signifies purity; main- 
 tains peace and dispenses storms. 
 
 Emerald — Discovers false friends 
 and insures true love. 
 
 Garnet — Constancy and fidelity. 
 
 Jasper — Wisdom and courage. 
 
 Moonstone — Good luck. 
 
 Onyx — Insures conjugal felicity. 
 
 Opal — Denotes hope and sharpens 
 the sight and faith of the posses- 
 sor. 
 
 Pearl — Signifies purity and inno- 
 cence. 
 
 Ruby — Discovers poison, corrects 
 evils resulting from mistaken 
 friendship. 
 
 Sapphire — Frees from enchant- 
 ment; denotes repentance. 
 
 Sardonyx— Married happiness. 
 
 Topaz — Fidelity and friendship;' 
 prevents bad dreams. 
 
 Turquoise — Prosperity in love. 
 
 The gems symbolical of the months of the year are: 
 
 Garnet January Ruby or Onyx July 
 
 Amethyst February Sardonyx August 
 
 -Bloodstone or Jasper March Chrysolite September 
 
 Diamond or Sapphire April Opal or Beryl October 
 
 Emerald or Carnelian May Topaz November 
 
 Agate or Chalcedony June Turquoise or Ruby December 
 
THE NAMES OF THE STATES 
 
 THEIR ORIGIN AND MEANING 
 
 Alabama — Indian ; meaning "Here 
 
 we rest." 
 
 Arkansas — " Kansas," the Indian 
 name for "smoky water," with the 
 French prefix "arc," bow or bend 
 in the principal river. 
 
 California — Caliente Fornalla, Span- 
 ish for "hot furnace," in allusion to 
 the climate. 
 
 Colorado — Spanish ; meaning "col- 
 ored," from the red color of the 
 Colorado river. 
 
 Connecticut — Indian; meaning 
 "long river." 
 
 Delaware — Named in honor of Lord 
 Delaware. 
 
 Florida — Named by Ponce de Leon, 
 who discovered it in 1512, on Easter 
 Day, the Spanish Pascua de Flores, 
 or "Feast of Flowers." 
 
 Georgia — In honor of George II. of 
 England. 
 
 Illinois— From the Indian "illini," 
 men, and the French suffix "ois," 
 together signifying "tribe of men." 
 
 Indiana — Indian land. 
 
 Iowa — Indian; meaning "beautiful 
 land." 
 
 Kansas — Indian ; meaning " smoky 
 water." 
 
 Kentucky — Indian; for "at the head 
 of the river;" or "the dark and 
 bloody ground." 
 
 Louisiana — In honor of Louis XIV. 
 of France. 
 
 Maine — From the province of Maine, 
 in France. 
 
 Maryland — In honor of Henrietta 
 Maria, queen of Charles I. of Eng- 
 land. 
 
 Massachusetts — Place of great hills 
 (blue hills southwest of Boston). 
 
 Michigan — The Indian name for a 
 fish weir. The lake was so called 
 
 from the fancied resemblance of the 
 lake to a fish trap. 
 
 Minnesota — Indian ; meaning "sky- 
 tinted water." 
 
 Mississippi — Indian ; meaning 
 "great father of waters." 
 
 Missouri — Indian ; meaning "mud- 
 dy." 
 
 Nebraska — Indian; meaning "water 
 valley." 
 
 Nevada — Spanish ; meaning "snow- 
 covered," alluding to the mountains. 
 
 New Hampshire — From Hampshire 
 county, England. 
 
 New Jersey — In honor of Sir George 
 Carteret, one of the original gran- 
 tees, who had previously been gov- 
 ernor of Jersey Island. 
 
 New York — In honor of the Duke of 
 York. 
 
 North and South Carolina — Orig- 
 inally called Carolina, in honor of 
 Charles IX. of France. 
 
 Ohio — Indian ; meaning "beautiful 
 river." 
 
 Oregon — From the Spanish "ore- 
 gano," wild marjoram, which grows 
 abundantly on the coast. 
 
 Pennsylvania — Latin; meaning 
 Penn's woody land. 
 
 Rhode Island — From a fancied re- 
 semblance to the island of Rhodes 
 in the Mediterranean. 
 
 Tennessee — Indian; meaning "river 
 with the great bend." 
 
 Texas — Origin of this name is un- 
 known. 
 
 Vermont — French; meaning green 
 mountain. 
 
 Virginia — In honor of Elizabeth, the 
 "Virgin Queen." 
 
 Wisconsin — Indian; meaning "gath- 
 ering of the waters," or "wild rush- 
 ing channel." 
 
A Dictionary of Commercial and 
 Legal Terms. 
 
 A. Capital A endorsed on the face of 
 an account or document may mean 
 Audited, Accepted, or Approved. 
 Small a, written @, means at, as, 
 10 yds. @ 14 cts. 
 
 A. 1. Of first quality. Used tech- 
 nically in shipping, but applied to 
 other matters. The mark originated 
 with the English Lloyds, who rate 
 vessels Al, A2, and so down. In 
 the American system the registry 
 descends from A by fractions, Al, 
 Al%, Aiy 2 , Al%, A2. 
 
 Abandonment. In marine insur- 
 ance, the abandonment of property 
 insured to the insurers. 
 
 Abatement. Amount deducted from 
 a bill for any cause; a discount; 
 removal of a nuisance. 
 
 Abator. One who removes a nui- 
 sance. 
 
 Abeyance. Held in suspense, as an 
 unsettled estate. 
 
 Abstract. Abridgment or epitome of 
 a deed or other document. 
 
 Acceptance. Agreement by the 
 drawee of negotiable paper to pay 
 the same. Agreement to terms of- 
 fered. 
 
 Acceptance supra Protest. Agree- 
 ment to pay a note or bill after it 
 has been protested, for the honor of 
 the maker or an indorser. 
 
 Acceptor. He who by his signature 
 makes acceptance. 
 
 Accession. Acquiring property at- 
 tached as an incident. 
 
 Accessory. One who instigates, en- 
 courages or aids in the offense of 
 another. 
 
 Accommodation Paper. Notes or 
 bills not representing an actual sale 
 or trade transaction, but merely 
 drawn to be discounted for the ben- 
 efit of drawer, acceptor or indorsers, 
 or all combined. 
 r>. 61. 
 
 Accord and Satisfaction. Offer 
 and acceptance of one thing in place 
 of another due. 
 
 Account. A statement of sums and 
 amounts due from one person to an- 
 other and their offsets, arising from 
 mutual transactions. Summary of 
 debits and credits. 
 
 Accountant. An expert in examin- 
 ing books. 
 
 Account Current. A running ac- 
 count for a certain period, showing 
 what is due at the present time. 
 
 Account Sales. The account of a 
 broker or commission agent, showing 
 amount and rate of sales, expenses 
 of freight, commission, etc., and net 
 amount due the principal. 
 
 Accretion. Gradual increase of land 
 through natural causes. 
 
 Accroach. To attempt to use power 
 without authority. 
 
 Accrue. To increase, to be due as 
 profits. 
 
 Acknowledgment. A receipt. In 
 law, admission of facts. 
 
 Acquittance. A written receipt in 
 full, or discharge from all claims. 
 
 Act. A formal writing expressing 
 what has been done, as, an act of 
 Congress, an act of bankruptcy. 
 
 Actionaire. [Fr.] The holder of 
 shares in a stock company. 
 
 Actuary. Officer of a life insurance 
 company; expert in vital statistics 
 and annuities. 
 
 Act of God. A cause of injury not 
 to be prevented by human means. 
 
 Adjustment. Settlement of claims 
 in marine or fire insurance. Deter- 
 mining amount of loss and liability. 
 In accounts, the settling of a dis- 
 puted account. 
 
 Admiralty Court. A court having 
 jurisdiction in maritime matters. 
 
 Ad Valorem. [Lat.] According to 
 the value. 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 Ad Valorem Duties. Duties levied 
 on goods according to value ; not by 
 quantity, weight or measure. Op- 
 posed to Specific Duties. 
 
 Administer. To settle an estate as 
 administrator or executor. 
 
 Administrator. One who has charge 
 of the estate of a man dying with- 
 out a will, or appointed in place of 
 an executor. 
 
 Advance. Increase in value. 
 
 Advances. Money paid before goods 
 are delivered to buyer, or sold by 
 broker. 
 
 Adventure. Shipment of goods on 
 shipper's own account. Merchants 
 keep a debit and credit account with 
 each enterprise, as, Adventure to 
 Rio Janeiro. 
 
 Adventure, Bill of. Writing signed 
 by master of ship which carries 
 goods at the owner's risk. 
 
 Adventure in Co. Shipment of 
 goods at joint risk of shipper and 
 consignee. 
 
 Adverse Possession. Possession of 
 real property avowedly contrary to 
 the claim of another person. 
 
 Advice. Mercantile information sent 
 by letter, called Letter of Advice. 
 
 Affiant. One who makes an affidavit. 
 
 Affidavit. Declaration under oath. 
 
 Affiliation. Establishment of pater- 
 nity. 
 
 Affinity. Connection resulting from 
 marriage. 
 
 Affreightment. The act of hiring a 
 ship for transportation of goods. 
 
 Agent. One who acts for another. 
 
 Aggravation. In law, something 
 enhancing crime or increasing dam- 
 ages. 
 
 Agio. [Ital.] Difference in value be- 
 tween bank notes and gold, or be- 
 tween one kind of paper money and 
 another. 
 
 Agiotage. Speculation on fluctua- 
 tion of public securities. 
 
 Agrarian. Relating to land. 
 
 Agreement. A contract. Literally, 
 the meeting of minds. 
 
 Alias. [Lat.] A second or assumed 
 name. 
 
 Alien. One of foreign birth and alle- 
 giance. 
 
 Alimony. In divorce law, provision 
 for support of a wife. 
 
 Allegation. Rule for obtaining the 
 proportion of ingredients in making 
 
 mixtures, and the value of such mix- 
 tures. 
 
 Alliquot Part. A number contained 
 within a larger number an exact 
 number of times. 
 
 Allonge. [Fr.] A paper pasted on 
 a note or bill of exchange to allow 
 more indorsements than the bill has 
 room for. 
 
 Allegiance. Obedience and support 
 due to the government. 
 
 Allotment Ticket. Order for pay- 
 ment of wages to seaman's family at 
 stated intervals during the voyage. 
 
 Allow. To yield to another's profit; 
 to concede; to discount. 
 
 Allowance. Deduction from gross 
 weight or amount. Sailor's rations. 
 
 Alloy. [Fr., d la loi.~\ Baser metal 
 introduced in coinage ; the union of 
 different metals. Neither of the 
 precious metals is used in absolute 
 purity in coinage. Gold is alloyed 
 with silver or copper ; silver, with 
 nickel, brass, or copper. The pro- 
 portion of alloy differs in different 
 countries. 
 
 Alluvion. Gradual increase of the 
 shore of a stream. 
 
 Amotion. A turning away or re- 
 moval. 
 
 Amount Gross. The total sum or 
 aggregate. 
 
 Amount Net. Total sum less proper 
 deduction for expenses, discount, or 
 charges. 
 
 Ancestor. In law, embraces collat- 
 erals as well as lineals. 
 
 Anchorage. A spot near shore where 
 ships are in safety. Holding ground. 
 
 Ancient Writings. Deeds thirty 
 years old may be admitted to evi- 
 dence without proof. 
 
 Anker. A foreign measure of about 
 ten gallons. 
 
 Annex. To take permanently, as to 
 annex territory ; fixtures are an- 
 nexed to the freehold. 
 
 Annuity. A sum paid yearly or at 
 stated intervals. 
 
 Answer. To be responsible for ; to 
 reply. 
 
 Antedate. To date beforehand. 
 
 Application. In insurance, the first 
 step in obtaining a policy. 
 
 Appellate Jurisdiction. Courts 
 having power to review decisions of 
 lower courts. 
 
 Apply. To dispose of in a particular 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 manner, as, to apply funds in pay- 
 ment of a note. 
 
 Appraisement. Ascertaining the 
 value of goods or property. 
 
 Appraiser. He -who appraises. In 
 particular, an officer of government 
 who ascertains the value of dutiable 
 goods. 
 
 Appreciate. To rise in value. 
 
 Apprentice. A minor bound out to 
 learn a trade. 
 
 Apprize. Another form of appraise. 
 
 Appropriation. Setting apart for a 
 specific purpose. Government grant 
 of money. 
 
 Appurtenance. Something inciden- 
 tal to another. 
 
 Arbitration. Settlement of disputed 
 claims or accounts by arbitrators. 
 
 Arbitrators. Disinterested parties 
 called in to settle disputes. 
 
 Arbitration of Exchanges. Com- 
 parison of currency of intermediate 
 places, to discover whether it is more 
 profitable to forward money directly 
 or indirectly. 
 
 Archives. State papers, records, 
 charters, and other important docu- 
 ments. 
 
 Article. A single piece of goods ; a 
 division of a document or contract. 
 
 Arson. The malicious burning of an- 
 other's house. 
 
 Articles of Partnership. The con- 
 tract between the parties. 
 
 Articles of War. Rules for the 
 government of army and navy. 
 
 Assay. To test the purity of precious 
 metals. 
 
 Assess. To levy a tax or share of 
 expenses. 
 
 Assets. Funds of an individual, firm, 
 or corporation ; resources ; opposed 
 to liabilities. 
 
 Assignats. Paper money of France 
 after the revolution, never redeemed. 
 
 Assignee. A person to whom an as- 
 signment is made ; trustee for the 
 creditors of a bankrupt estate. 
 
 Assignment. Conditional transfer 
 of property for safe keeping, or ad- 
 justment. 
 
 Assignor. One who transfers his 
 property to assignees for the benefit 
 of creditors or for other reasons. 
 
 Assizes. [Eng.] A criminal court 
 for jury trials held from place to 
 place. 
 
 Association. A body of men ; a 
 stock company ; a society. 
 
 Assortment. A quantity of goods 
 varying in form, color, style, size, or 
 price. 
 
 Assumpsit. An action to recover 
 damages for breach of contract. 
 
 Assurance. Nearly synonymous with 
 insurance; an agreement to pay on 
 a contingency sure to occur. 
 
 Attachment. A seizure of property 
 or person by order of the court, to 
 be held until the cause is decided. 
 
 Attest. To witness by signature a 
 document or judicial act. 
 
 Attorney. An agent ; an officer of 
 the court ; a counselor. 
 
 Attorney, Power of. Written au- 
 thority for one person to act for 
 another. 
 
 Attorney General. The chief law 
 officer of the government. 
 
 Attorn. To agree to become tenant 
 to one to whom reversion has been 
 granted. 
 
 Auction. Public sale to highest bid- 
 der. 
 
 Auctioneer. A person licensed to 
 sell by auction. 
 
 Audit. To scrutinize accounts and 
 vouchers. 
 
 Auditor. One authorized to examine 
 accounts ; an officer of the United 
 States Treasury. 
 
 Aver. To assert formally. 
 
 Average. The mean value ; medium 
 quality ; a fair sample. 
 
 Average, General. In marine in- 
 surance, a proportionate contribu- 
 tion levied on ship and goods to 
 cover necessary sacrifice of a part. 
 
 Average, Particular. Partial dam- 
 age of ship alone, or of cargo alone, 
 arising from ordinary wear and tear 
 or mishaps. 
 
 Average, Petty. Small charges, 
 such as pilotage, port charges, and 
 the like, borne in part by ship and 
 part by cargo. 
 
 Average of Payments. Method of 
 finding the time when payment may 
 be made of several sums due at dif- 
 ferent dates without loss to either 
 party. 
 
 Avoid. In law, to nullify. 
 
 Avulsion. Lands torn by the cur- 
 rent from one estate and added to 
 another. 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 Bail. A surety for appearance ; the 
 amount pledged. 
 
 Bailments. In law of contracts, de- 
 livery of goods for some purpose. 
 
 Balance. Difference necessary to 
 make debit and credit sides of an ac- 
 count equal ; weighing scales. 
 
 Balance Account. An account made 
 up of balances of different accounts ; 
 a brief summary of the state of a 
 business. 
 
 Balance Sheet. A paper giving a 
 summary and balance of accounts. 
 
 Balance of Trade. Difference in 
 value between total exports and im- 
 ports of a country. 
 
 Ballast. Weight used to steady a 
 ship ; in balance, loaded with ballast 
 instead of cargo. 
 
 Bale. A package of goods or produce. 
 
 Banco. Difference between bank 
 value and current value of money. 
 
 Bank. An institution for deposit, 
 discount, and circulation. 
 
 Bankable. Capable of passing at 
 par at a bank. 
 
 Bankbook. Passbook of a bank, 
 showing state of depositor's account. 
 
 Bank Hours. Usually from 9 or 10 
 
 A. M. tO 3 P. M. 
 
 Banker. A dealer in money ; one 
 entrusted with funds by others. 
 
 Bankrupt. One unable to meet his 
 business liabilities ; the word liter- 
 ally means broken up. 
 
 Bank Stock. Shares in a banking 
 company ; paid up capital of a bank 
 divided into shares. 
 
 Bar. A final defense; profession of 
 law. 
 
 Bargain. An agreement of sale; an 
 advantageous commercial transac- 
 tion. 
 
 Barque or Bark. A three-masted 
 vessel, rigged square as to fore and 
 main masts, and "fore and aft" as 
 to mizzen mast. 
 
 Barratry. In shipping, any wilful 
 breach of duty or trust by master or 
 crew, as against owners or insur- 
 ers ; in common law, malicious stir- 
 ring up of litigation. 
 
 Barrel. A measure of capacity, con- 
 taining 31% gallons, wine measure ; 
 36 gallons, beer measure ; 32 gallons, 
 ale measure. 
 
 Barrel Bulk. In freight measure- 
 ment, 5 cubic feet. 
 
 Barrister. English name for a law- 
 yer who practices in the courts. 
 
 Barter. To exchange one kind of 
 goods for another. 
 
 Base Court. An inferior court, not 
 one of record. 
 
 Bazaar. [Turk.] Place of trade; 
 specially applied to shops for sale of 
 fancy articles. 
 
 Beacon. General word for light- 
 house or light-ship. 
 
 Bear. In Stock Exchange slang, one 
 who strives to depressi the price of 
 stocks. 
 
 Bearer. He who holds and presents 
 for payment a note, bill, check, or 
 draft. 
 
 Bearer, Payable to. Negotiable 
 paper so drawn need not be indorsed. 
 
 Bench Warrant. One issued by a 
 superior court judge. 
 
 Bill. A statement of accounts due; 
 general term for all negotiable paper. 
 
 Bill Book. In bookkeeping, the ac- 
 count kept of all notes, drafts and 
 bills of exchange. 
 
 Billhead. A printed form of bills, 
 with business address at the top. 
 
 Bill of Discovery. Application to 
 equity court to compel disclosure of 
 facts. 
 
 Bill of Entry. A bill of goods en- 
 tered at the custom-house. 
 
 Bill of Exceptions. A written list 
 of exceptions to a court's decisions. 
 
 Bill of Exchange. A written order 
 from one person to another, ordering 
 or requesting him to pay a certain 
 sum of money to a third person at 
 a given date. 
 
 Bill, Domestic or Inland. A bill 
 of exchange payable in the country 
 where drawn. 
 
 Bill, Foreign. A bill of exchange 
 payable in a foreign country ; usu- 
 ally drawn in duplicate or triplicate. 
 
 Bill of Lading. A receipt given by 
 a ship's master for goods received 
 for carriage, promising to deliver 
 the same at a certain time and place, 
 dangers of the sea excepted : four 
 copies are usually made, one for 
 master, one for shipper, one to be 
 sent in ship to consignee, the fourth 
 sent by some other ship. 
 
 Bill of Parcels. Sometimes used 
 for invoice. 
 
 Bill of Particulars. Specification 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 of demands for which an action is 
 brought. 
 
 Bill of Sale. A contract under seal 
 for the sale of goods. 
 
 Bill of Sight. A form of Custom- 
 House entry, allowing consignee to 
 see goods before paying duty. 
 
 Bills Payable. Notes and bills is- 
 sued in favor of other parties by a 
 merchant. 
 
 Bills Receivable. Notes and bills 
 made by others and payable to our- 
 selves. 
 
 Blank Credit. Permission to draw 
 money on account, no sum being 
 specified. 
 
 Bona Fide. [Lat.] In good faith. 
 
 Blackmail. Extortion of money by 
 threats. 
 
 Blockading. Obstructing an ene- 
 my's ports. 
 
 Board of Trade. About equivalent 
 to Chamber of Commerce or Mer- 
 chants' Exchange ; an association of 
 business men to regulate matters of 
 trade and further their interests, and 
 for the settlement of differences be- 
 tween its members. 
 
 Bond. A legal document by which a 
 person binds himself to pay money 
 or do ' something under penalty of 
 paying a sum fixed. 
 
 Bond Creditor. A creditor whose 
 debt is secured by a bond. 
 
 Bond Debt. A debt contracted un- 
 der obligation of a bond. 
 
 Bonded Goods. Goods on which 
 bonds instead of cash have been 
 given for import duties. 
 
 Bonded Warehouse. Buildings 
 owned by persons approved of by 
 the Secretary of the Treasury, and 
 who have given bonds or guarantee 
 for the strict observance of the rev- 
 enue laws ; used for storing imported 
 merchandise until the duties are paid 
 or the goods re-shipped without 
 entry. 
 
 Bondsman. One who gives security 
 for the payment of money, perform- 
 ance of an act, or integrity of an- 
 other. 
 
 Bonus. Additional money paid be- 
 yond interest ; extra profits. 
 
 Book Debts. Accounts charged on 
 the books. 
 
 Bookkeeper. One who keeps mer- 
 cantile accounts. 
 
 Bookkeeping, Single Entry. That 
 
 system of bookeeping which requires 
 only one entry for a single transac- 
 tion. 
 
 Bookkeeping, Double Entry. The 
 system of bookkeeping which re- 
 quires for every transaction two en- 
 tries, one on the debit and one on 
 the credit side. 
 
 Borough. An incorporated town or 
 village. 
 
 Bottomry Bond. The mortgage of 
 a vessel for sums advanced for the 
 use of the ship. 
 
 Bought and Sold Notes. Notes 
 given by a broker to the seller and 
 buyer respectively. 
 
 Bounty. A bonus or premium given 
 to encourage trade. 
 
 Brand. Literally a mark of desig- 
 nation made by a hot iron ; any 
 trade-mark, device, or name; the 
 particular quality of a class of 
 goods. 
 
 Breach of Trust. Violation of his 
 duty by a trustee. 
 
 Breadstuffs. Any kind of grain, 
 corn, or meal. 
 
 Breakage. Allowance made by a 
 shipper for loss by the destruction 
 of fragile wares. 
 
 Breaking in. Such violence as is 
 necessary to constitute burglary. 
 
 Breaking Bulk. Opening packages 
 of goods in transit. 
 
 Brief. A concise summary or state- 
 ment of a case. 
 
 Broker. An agent or factor; a mid- 
 dleman paid by commission ; the 
 most common are Bill, Exchange, 
 Insurance, Produce, Ship, and Stock 
 Brokers. 
 
 Bull. Stock Exchange slang for a 
 broker or dealer who believes that 
 the value of stocks will rise and 
 speculates for a rise, "goes long" on 
 a stock. 
 
 Bullion. Uncoined gold or silver. 
 
 Burden of Proof. Obligation of a 
 party asserting a fact to prove it. 
 
 Burglary. At common law, break- 
 ing into a house in the night time 
 with felonious intent. 
 
 Bushel. A cylindrical measure, 18^ 
 inches in diameter and 8 inches deep 
 inside ; its capacity is 2,150 42-100 
 cubic inches. 
 
 By-Law. Local or restricted munic- 
 ipal regulations. 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 Cabinet. Advisory council of a sov- 
 ereign or president. 
 
 Calculate. To determine by reckon- 
 ing; to adjust by comparison. 
 
 Call. Demand for payment of instal- 
 ments due on stock. 
 
 Call. In Stock Exchange slang, a 
 privilege given to another to "call" 
 for delivery of stock at a time and 
 price fixed. 
 
 Cancel. To annul or erase; often 
 done by stamp or punch. 
 
 Canon. A precept of ecclesiastical 
 law. 
 
 Capias. Writ commanding sheriff to 
 take defendant or a witness into 
 custody. 
 
 Capital. Money invested in busi- 
 ness ; amount of assets. 
 
 Capitalist. One having money to 
 invest ; a wealthy man. 
 
 Capital Offense. One punishable by 
 death. 
 
 Capital Stock. The aggregate 
 amount invested in a stock com- 
 pany ; total value of stock at par. 
 
 Capitation. Tax levied by polls. 
 
 Carat. A measure of weight for gold 
 and precious stones. 
 
 Cargo. Merchandise laden on a ship 
 for transportation. 
 
 Carrier. One who carries goods for 
 another. 
 
 Cartage. The amount due for cart- 
 ing goods. 
 
 Carte Blanche. [Fr.] Literally 
 white paper ; free or full powers. 
 
 Case. A box for holding goods or 
 merchandise ; at law, an action or 
 suit. 
 
 Case, Action on the. A common 
 law form of action. 
 
 Cash. Ready money; gold, silver, 
 bank-notes; checks and drafts are 
 usually included. 
 
 Cash-Book. A book of entry for 
 money paid in and out. 
 
 Cashier. One who has charge of 
 money ; a bank officer. 
 
 Cassation. [Fr.] Act of annulling; 
 reversal. 
 
 Cash Sales. Sales for cash. 
 
 Caveat. Formal notice not to inter- 
 fere with one's rights. 
 
 Certificate. A written voucher, as, 
 a certificate of deposit, a stock- 
 certificate. 
 
 Certified Check. One accepted by 
 the bank on which it is drawn as 
 good. 
 
 Chamber of Commerce. An asso- 
 ciation of merchants for the encour- 
 agement of trade. 
 
 Charter. A grant by a State em- 
 powering a corporated association 
 to do business. 
 
 Charter-Party. A written contract 
 for the hire of a vessel for a given 
 voyage. 
 
 Check. An order on a bank for pay- 
 ment of money on demand to bearer 
 or the order of some person. 
 
 Check-Book. A printed book of 
 blank checks. 
 
 Check-Clerk. One who examines 
 accounts of other clerks ; a bank 
 clerk who enters up checks. 
 
 Choses in Action. Personal prop- 
 erty for which the right of action 
 exists but which has not been re- 
 duced to possession. 
 
 Circular. A printed letter of adver- 
 tisement. 
 
 Circular Note. A note or bill issued 
 by bankers for the accommodation 
 of travelers, calling upon correspon- 
 dents at different places to pay 
 money on demand. 
 
 Clearance. A Custom House certifi- 
 cate that a ship is free to leave. 
 
 Clearing. 1. Entering a ship at the 
 Custom House and obtaining clear- 
 ance. 2. In banking, exchange of 
 checks and settling balances at the 
 Clearing House. 
 
 Clearing House. A banking ex- 
 change for daily settlements. 
 
 C. O. D. Collect on delivery ; method 
 of payment for goods sent by ex- 
 press. 
 
 Collateral. In law of descent, that 
 which is not lineal ; a grandson is of 
 lineal, a nephew of collateral de- 
 scent. 
 
 Collateral Security. A secondary 
 security to be available if the chief 
 security fail. 
 
 Collector. One authorizel to receive 
 money for another ; chief officer of 
 a Custom House. 
 
 Commerce. Extended trade or traffic. 
 
 Commission. An agent's percentage 
 for transacting business. 
 
 Commission Broker. One who 
 buys or sells on commission. 
 
 Commissioner of Deeds. An at' 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 torney or notary authorized to take 
 acknowledgment of deeds in a for- 
 eign State. 
 
 Common Carrier. A public con- 
 veyer of goods or passengers. 
 
 Common Law. Unwritten law, as 
 distinguished from written or stat- 
 ute law. 
 
 Company. An association in busi- 
 ness ; a joint stock concern. 
 
 Compound Interest. Interest on 
 both principal and interest. 
 
 Composition. A payment by a 
 debtor of a percentage of his debts 
 as settlement in full. 
 
 Consideration. Value received ; a 
 bonus. 
 
 Consignee. One to whom goods are 
 sent. 
 
 Consignment. Goods sent to an 
 agent to be sold. 
 
 Consols. Government securities of 
 England, paying three per cent. 
 
 Consul. A representative of one 
 country in a port of another to pro- 
 tect trade interests and the rights 
 of seamen and other citizens. 
 
 Consulage. Duty paid by merchants 
 for protection of commerce abroad. 
 
 Contraband. Prohibited goods or 
 merchandise ; smuggled goods. 
 
 Contraband of War. Goods which 
 neutral ships are forbidden to carry 
 to belligerents; as munitions or 
 arms. 
 
 Contract. An agreement ; a bargain. 
 
 Contractor. One who engages to do 
 certain work or furnish goods at 
 fixxl rates ; a public supply agent. 
 
 Conveyance. A written instrument 
 by which property is transferred; a 
 deed. 
 
 Cooperage. Charge for putting hoops 
 on casks or barrels. 
 
 Copying-Press. An instrument for 
 taking impressions from damp paper. 
 
 Corner. In stock and grain broker's 
 slang, the buying up of a large 
 quantity of stock or grain to raise 
 the price. 
 
 Corporation. A body of business 
 men authorized by law to transact 
 certain business. 
 
 Counter-Entry. An entry in a con- 
 trary sense. 
 
 Counting Room. A merchant's 
 business office. 
 
 Coupon. [Fr.] A certificate of in- 
 
 terest attached to bonds or stock, to 
 be cut off when due. 
 
 Court of Equity. One having a 
 chancery or equity jurisdiction ; not 
 limited by the common law. 
 
 Cr. Abbreviation for Credit; the O. 
 side of an account is on the right 
 hand. 
 
 Credit. In bookkeeping, value re- 
 ceived or transferred from the 
 party ; opposite of debit; financial 
 standing; power to obtain loans. 
 
 Creditor. One to whom money or 
 value is due. 
 
 Credit Mobilier. An association 
 intending to buy up and conduct 
 railroads or other companies on lim- 
 ited liability principles ; in this coun- 
 try the most noted was the Credit 
 Mobilier Company of the Pacific 
 Railroad. 
 
 Curbstone Broker. A broker not 
 a member of the regular Stock Ex- 
 change. 
 
 Currency. The circulating medium 
 of a country. 
 
 Current. Passing freely; now run- 
 ning, as, current accounts. 
 
 Customs. Taxes on goods exported 
 or imported. 
 
 Custom House. A place appointed 
 to receive customs. 
 
 Custom House Entry. A statement 
 made and fees paid in clearing a 
 ship. 
 
 Customary Law. Practices which 
 have become law through the long 
 usage of the mercantile world. 
 
 Damages. Compensation for injury 
 received. 
 
 Date. Day of the month and year. 
 
 Day-Book. A book for recording 
 daily transactions. 
 
 Days of Grace. Three days allowed 
 for payment of notes or bills after 
 the time specified has elapsed. In 
 some other countries more than 
 three are allowed. 
 
 Debase. To lessen in value; as, a 
 debased coinage. 
 
 Debenture. A Custom House cer- 
 tificate entitling an exporter to a 
 drawback on duties paid. 
 
 Debit. To make debtor ; opposite of 
 credit ; a charge entered. 
 
 Debtor. One who owes; opposite of 
 creditor. 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 Decimal. A tenth part ; by tenths. 
 
 Declined. Decreased in value. 
 
 Deed. A sealed legal instrument, 
 transferring property, usually land. 
 
 Default. Failure to pay. 
 
 Defendant. In law, the one against 
 whom a claim or charge is made. 
 
 Deficit. A lack of funds to balance 
 accounts. 
 
 Del Credere. [Ital.l Extra com- 
 mission given an agent in consider- 
 ation of his warranting the solvency 
 of the purchaser. 
 
 Demand. Claim for payment. 
 
 Demurrage. Forfeit money for de- 
 tention of vessels beyond the time 
 allowed by a charter-party. 
 
 Deposit. Money left with a bank 
 subject to order; payment on ac- 
 count. 
 
 Depot. A place of storage or ware- 
 house; improperly used of a rail- 
 way station. 
 
 Derelict. Ship or cargo abandoned 
 at sea. 
 
 Deterioration. Lessening in value. 
 
 Deviation. The departure of a ship 
 from her regular course to stop at 
 other ports. 
 
 Directors. The managers of a stock 
 company. 
 
 Discharge. To pay a debt; to un- 
 load a ship. 
 
 Discount. A sum thrown off the 
 amount of a note or bill ; a deduc- 
 tion ; to discount is to lend money 
 on bills after deducting the interest. 
 
 Discount Broker. One who lends 
 money on notes or bills. 
 
 Dissolution. Breaking up of a 
 partnership. 
 
 Dividend. Payment of the profits of 
 a joint stock concern, pro rata, pro- 
 portional payment to creditors out 
 of a bankrupt estate. 
 
 Dockage or Dock Dues. Charges 
 for the use of a dock. 
 
 Docket. A ticket or mark on goods 
 showing measurement or destina- 
 tion; a list of cases before a court. 
 
 Donee. One to whom something is 
 given. 
 
 Draft. An order to pay money; a 
 rough copy of a writing; a deduc- 
 tion from gross weight of goods ; 
 number of feet which a ship sinks 
 in the water. 
 
 Draw. To make a draft ; to call for 
 funds. 
 
 Drawback. An allowance or return 
 of duties paid at the Custom House. 
 
 Drawer. The maker of a draft or 
 bill of exchange. 
 
 Drawee. The one on whom a draft 
 or bill is drawn. 
 
 Drayage. Charges on goods hauled 
 by a dray; cartage. 
 
 Drummer. One who solicits custom 
 for a merchant by showing samples. 
 
 Dry Goods. Commercial name for 
 textile fabrics. 
 
 Due. Owing; that which is owed. 
 
 Due Bill. A written acknowledg- 
 ment of debt, not negotiable. 
 
 Dun. To demand payment. 
 
 Dunnage. Loose articles of a cargo ; 
 loose material laid on the bottom 
 of the ship's hold to raise goods 
 and prevent injury by water. 
 
 Duplicate. A copy ; a second article 
 of the same kind. 
 
 Duress. Confinement ; restraint ; com- 
 pulsion. 
 
 Duties. Taxes levied by a govern- 
 ment on exports or imports. 
 
 E 
 
 Eagle. A gold coin of the United 
 States, value ten dollars. 
 
 E. E. Abbreviation for errors ex- 
 cepted. 
 
 Effects. Property; goods on hand; 
 the possessions of a firm. 
 
 Ejectment. Dispossession of houses 
 or land ; forcing out. 
 
 Ell. A measure of length, 1 yard, 9 
 inches. 
 
 Embargo. Order of a government 
 forbidding ships to leave its ports. 
 
 Embark. To enter a ship for a voy- 
 age ; to engage in any enterprise. 
 
 Emporium. A commercial city; a 
 place of trade. 
 
 Endorse. To transfer notes, bills, or 
 checks by writing one's name on the 
 back; to guarantee payment. 
 
 Endorsee. He in whose favor en- 
 dorsement is made. 
 
 Endorser. One who endorses. 
 
 Engrosser. One who takes the 
 whole of a line of goods; a fore- 
 stalled one who "corners the mar- 
 ket" on commodities ; an ornamental 
 penman. 
 
 Engrossing Clerk. A copyist; « 
 copying clerk. 
 
 Entrepot. A place where goods are 
 deposited without paying duty, to 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 await transportation (elsewhere; a 
 free port. 
 
 Entry. In bookkeeping, any record 
 made ; depositing a ship's papers 
 with the Custom House. 
 
 Equity. A branch of jurisprudence 
 distinct from the common law. 
 
 Equity of Redemption. Privilege 
 allowed to a mortgagor to redeem 
 property within a given time. 
 
 Estoppel. Preclusion of a person 
 from asserting a fact or doing an 
 act inconsistent with previous acts 
 or declarations. 
 
 Examiner. A Custom House officer 
 who compares goods with invoices. 
 
 Exchange. Place where merchants 
 meet to transact business; percent- 
 age on sale of bills; difference of 
 value between different currencies. 
 
 Exchange Broker. One who nego- 
 tiates foreign bills of exchange. 
 
 Exchequer. A treasury; summary 
 of finances. 
 
 Excise. Internal revenue tax. 
 
 Executed. Finished ; accomplished 
 in legal form. 
 
 Executor. One appointed to carry 
 out the provisions of a will. 
 
 Executory. To be performed in the 
 future. 
 
 Executrix. Feminine form of exec- 
 utor. 
 
 Exhibit. Voucher or document pre- 
 sented in court ; transcript of ledger 
 
 Export. To send goods to a foreign 
 country. 
 
 Export Duty. Tax imposed on ex- 
 ports. 
 
 Exporter. One who exports. 
 
 Exports. The goods or merchandise 
 exported. 
 
 Express. To transmit with celerity. 
 
 Express Company. A corporation 
 engaged in the business of trans- 
 porting goods and money from one 
 place to another more quickly than 
 can be done by sending as ordinary 
 freight. 
 
 Extension. Allowance of time for 
 payment to a debtor; carrying out 
 items of a bill or account. 
 
 E. & O. E. "Errors and Omissions 
 Excepted." 
 
 Face. The amount for which a note 
 is drawn. 
 
 Fac Simile. [Lat.] An exact 
 
 copy; a counterpart. 
 
 Factor. An agent "appointed to sell 
 goods on commission ; a consignee. 
 
 Factorage. Commissions allowed to 
 factors. 
 
 Facture. An invoice or bill of goods. 
 
 Failure. Becoming bankrupt; sus- 
 pension of payment. 
 
 Fair. Of average quality ; above mid- 
 dling. 
 
 Fall. Decrease in price or value. 
 
 False Pretenses. Misstatements 
 made with intent to defraud. 
 
 Fancy Goods. Light fabrics, rib- 
 bons, laces, etc. 
 
 Fare. Charge for passage. 
 
 Farthing. An English copper coin 
 worth half a cent! an insignificant 
 value. 
 
 Fee. Payment ; charge of a pro- 
 fessional man ; a gratuity. 
 
 Fee- Simple. In real estate, an abso- 
 lute title; one with no conditions 
 attached. 
 
 Finance. Funds; public money; 
 revenue. 
 
 Financier. One skilled in money 
 matters. 
 
 Fire Insurance. Indemnity against 
 loss by fire. 
 
 Fire Policy. The writing by which 
 insurers agree to pay fire insurance. 
 
 Firm. Name, style or title of a busi- 
 ness concern; the partners taken 
 collectively. 
 
 Five-Forties. United States Bonds, 
 issued during the war, redeemable 
 ftny time after five years, payable 
 at not more than forty years after 
 date, bearing 6 per cent, interest. 
 
 Five-Twenties. United States 
 Bonds, redeemable any time after 
 five years, payable twenty years 
 from date, bearing 6 per cent, in- 
 terest. 
 
 Fixtures. Anything of an accessory 
 nature annexed to real estate; that 
 which forms a part of realty. 
 
 Flat. Inactive ; depressed ; dull ; flat 
 value of stock and bonds is the value 
 without interest. 
 
 Flotsam. Goods thrown into the sea 
 which swim. 
 
 F. O. B. "Free on board;" trans- 
 portation and shipping expenses in- 
 cluded. 
 
 Footing. Amount of a column of 
 figures. 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 Forced Sale. Sale of commodity- 
 under compulsion or foreclosure. 
 
 Foreclose. To seize property under 
 the conditions of a mortgage. 
 
 Foreign Bill. A bill of exchange 
 drawn in one country upon a citizen 
 of another. 
 
 Forestall. To buy up goods before 
 the regular time of sale ; to bring 
 about an increase in the price of 
 provisions. 
 
 Forwarder. A merchant or agent 
 who transmits or forwards goods. 
 
 Fractional Cnrrency. United 
 States paper money for sums less 
 than a dollar. 
 
 Franc. French unit of coinage; 100 
 centimes; value, 18 3-5 cents. 
 
 Franking. Privilege of sending let- 
 ters free of charge. 
 
 Frand. In law, any wrongful arti- 
 fice, device or concealment by which 
 pecuniary damage is done to an- 
 other. 
 
 Free Goods. Goods admitted with- 
 out an import tax. 
 
 Free Port. A port where ships may 
 load and unload free from duties. 
 
 Free Trade. Trade not restricted by 
 tariff duties for "protection." 
 
 Freight. Sums paid for transporta- 
 tion of merchandise or hire of a 
 ship ; less properly, the goods car- 
 ried. 
 
 Funded. Made into a permanent 
 loan on which interest is paid. 
 
 Funds. Ready money ; shares in a 
 national debt; public securities. 
 
 Garbles. Dust, filth or soil removed 
 from spices, drugs, etc. ; to garble 
 is to separate this refuse. 
 
 Garnishment. Legal notice attach- 
 ing goods or money of one person 
 in the hands of another. 
 
 Garnishee. The person on whom is 
 served a writ of garnishment or 
 "trustee process," ordering him to 
 appear in court and give informa- 
 tion in regard to the goods of an- 
 other, the original debtor, in his 
 hands. 
 
 Gauge. To measure the contents of 
 a cask ; measure or standard. 
 
 General Order Store. A bonded 
 warehouse to which merchandise not 
 claimed within a certain time is 
 sent under a "GeDeral Order." 
 
 Goods. Merchandise ; movable prop- 
 erty. 
 
 Good Will. The interest of an es- 
 tablished business in the way of 
 trade and custom. 
 
 Grain. Collective name for all cereals. 
 
 Great Gross. Twelve gross ; i. e., 
 l, r <28 articles. 
 
 Gross. Twelve dozen ; total amount ; 
 opposed to net. 
 
 Gross Ton. Twenty-two hundred 
 and forty pounds. 
 
 Guarantee. The one to whom se- 
 curity is given or guaranty made. 
 
 Guarantor. One making a guar- 
 anty. 
 
 Guaranty. Security ; an undertak- 
 ing that one person will pay money 
 to another or fulfil a contract. 
 
 Gunny-Bags. Sacks of coarse ma- 
 terial used for coffee. 
 
 Hand. Measure of animals' height; 
 about four inches. 
 
 Hand-Money. Money paid to bind 
 a bargain. 
 
 Harbor. A place of security for ves- 
 sels. 
 
 Harbor-Dues. Charges made for 
 use of a harbor. 
 
 Harbor-Master. An officer having 
 charge of a harbor. 
 
 Hogshead. A measure of capacity* 
 2 barrels, or 63 gallons ; a large 
 cask. 
 
 Holder. He in whose possession a 
 note or bill may be. 
 
 Hollow-Ware. Trade name for 
 cast or wrought iron vessels, ket- 
 tles, etc. 
 
 Honor. To accept and pay a note, 
 draft or bill. 
 
 Husbandage. Compensation paid 
 to a "ship's husband" (which see). 
 
 Hypothecate. To pledge as secur- 
 ity ; to mortgage chattels. 
 
 Immovables. Land, houses, and fix- 
 tures ; real estate. 
 
 Importer. A merchant who imports 
 goods. 
 
 Imports. Goods brought from a 
 foreign country. 
 
 Impost. Government tax on im- 
 ported goods. 
 
 Income. Total amount of receipts 
 from all sources ; yearly gains. 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 Income Tax. A government tax of 
 a percentage on the income of indi- 
 viduals or corporations. 
 
 Indemnification. Making good a 
 loss ; securing one against damages. 
 
 Indemnity. Guarantee against loss ; 
 freedom ; compensation for damages 
 suffered. 
 
 Index. Names of titles or accounts 
 arranged alphabetically. 
 
 Indorse. See Endorse, etc. 
 
 Indulgence. Extension of time for 
 payment. 
 
 Inland Bill. A bill of exchange or 
 draft drawn upon a person in the 
 same State or Country. 
 
 Insolvent. Unable to pay outstand- 
 ing liabilities ; bankrupt. 
 
 Instalment. A part payment or 
 part delivery of goods. 
 
 Instant. Of the present month, as, 
 the 12th inst. 
 
 Insurable Interest. Such an in- 
 terest as will entitle a person to 
 obtain insurance on the life or prop- 
 erty of another. 
 
 Insurance. A contract in which one 
 party, the insurer, agrees in con- 
 sideration of the premium, to pay 
 a certain sum on the death of the 
 insured or to indemnify him for 
 loss to property by fire or marine 
 risks. 
 
 Insurance Broker. One who ne- 
 gotiates insurance contracts. 
 
 Interest. Money paid for use of 
 money ; share in a business or 
 venture. 
 
 Interest Account. In bookkeeping, 
 a separate account of sums paid and 
 received as interest. 
 
 Internal Revenue. Government 
 revenue derived from domestic 
 sources. 
 
 Intestate. Not disposed of by a 
 valid will ; one who dies without a 
 will. 
 
 In Transitu. [Lat.] On the road; 
 not brought to an end. 
 
 Inventory. A list of goods and 
 merchandise on hand ; any enumera- 
 tion of articles ; a schedule. 
 
 Investment. Placing of money in 
 business or securities. 
 
 Invoice. Account of merchandise 
 shipped, with prices and charges 
 annexed. 
 
 Invoice Book. A book for entering 
 copies of invoices. 
 
 Involved. Confused ; embarrassed 
 by liabilities. 
 
 Jettison. Throwing goods over- 
 board or cutting away masts and 
 sails to save a vessel. 
 
 Jetsam. Goods thrown into the sea 
 which have sunk. 
 
 Jobber. One who buys from im- 
 porters or manufacturers and sells 
 to retailers ; a middleman. 
 
 Job Lot. Goods left over; an odd 
 assortment. 
 
 Joint Stock. That held in com- 
 pany ; stock formed by the union of 
 several companies. 
 
 Joint Stock Company. A business 
 association, the capital of which is 
 represented by shares of stock. 
 
 Joint Tenants. Those who have 
 not only unity of possession, but 
 also of title and interest, and the 
 survivor takes the whole. 
 
 Journal. An account book interme- 
 diate between Day-Book and Ledger. 
 
 Judgment. A judicial decree ; de- 
 cision of a court. 
 
 Judgment Note. One containing a 
 power of attorney from maker to 
 payee to confess judgment for the 
 maker to the extent of face and 
 interest. 
 
 Jurisdiction. Extent of a court's 
 authority as to placg, sum, or sub- 
 ject matter. 
 
 Lame Duck. Stock-brokers' slang 
 for one unable to meet his liabilities. 
 
 Land. To discharge cargo ; to dis- 
 embark. 
 
 Law, Merchant. Body of law re- 
 lating to mercantile customs. 
 
 Law Days. Days allowed in a char- 
 ter-party for unloading a ship. 
 
 Lay Down. Cost of merchandise, 
 including charges and freight to 
 place of shipment. 
 
 Lazzaretto. [Ital.] A place in 
 Quarantine where goods are fumi- 
 gated. 
 
 Leakage. An allowance made for 
 waste by leaking -of casks. 
 
 Lease. An agreement for letting 
 lands or tenements for life, a term 
 of years or months, or at will. 
 
 Legal Tender. Currency or coin 
 which a government has declared 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 shall be received in payment of 
 debts ; a formal proffer of money 
 to pay a debt ; if refused, the credi- 
 tor cannot recover. 
 
 Lessee. One to whom a lease is 
 given. 
 
 Lessor. One who makes a lease. 
 
 Letter Book. That in which copies 
 of letters sent and received are 
 made. 
 
 Letter of Advice. One giving no- 
 tice of a shipment made, bill drawn, 
 or other business transaction. 
 
 Letter of Credit. One authorizing 
 credit to a certain amount to be 
 given to the bearer. 
 
 Letter of License. One by which 
 creditors of an insolvent debtor post- 
 pone their claims and allow him 
 to continue trade. 
 
 Letter of Marque. Commission 
 from a government to a private ship 
 to seize and destroy ships and prop- 
 erty of a hostile country. 
 
 Letters of Administration. Au- 
 thority given to administer an in- 
 testate estate, or one in regard to 
 which the executor has refused to 
 act. 
 
 Letters Patent. A writing executed 
 and sealed, granting power and 
 authority to do some act, or enjoy 
 some right. 
 
 Letters Testamentary. Authority 
 to an Executor to act as such, after 
 probate of will has been made. 
 
 Liability. That for which one is 
 responsible; debts; obligations. 
 
 Lien. A hold or claim on property 
 to secure a debt. 
 
 License. Permission to trade or act, 
 as liquor license, peddler's license. 
 
 Lighterage. Payment for unloading 
 ships by lighters or boats. 
 
 Liquidation. Settlement or adjust- 
 ment of liabilities. 
 
 Lloyds'. An old association of Eng- 
 lish marine underwriters (in- 
 surers) which formally met at 
 Lloyd's coffee house, London. The 
 company possesses complete records 
 of everything pertaining to marine 
 matters and has a vast correspond- 
 ence. To rate on Lloyd's books as 
 Al is accepted as conclusive evidence 
 of excellence. 
 
 Lloyds' Register. A yearly regis- 
 ter of tonnage, age, build, charac- 
 
 ter, and condition of ships, issued by 
 the Lloyds. 
 
 Loan. Money or property furnished 
 for temporary use ; a public debt. 
 
 Loan Office. An office where loans 
 are negotiated. 
 
 Log-Book. A book in which is re- 
 corded the daily progress of a ves- 
 sel, weather notes, and all incidents. 
 
 Long Price. Price after duties are 
 paid. 
 
 Longshoremen. Laborers who load 
 and unload vessels. 
 
 Manifest. A list or invoice of a 
 ship's cargo and passengers to be 
 exhibited at Custom Houses. 
 
 Manifold Writer. A contrivance 
 by which several copies may be ob- 
 tained at once ; it consists of several 
 sheets covered with a preparation 
 of plumbago. 
 
 Manufactures. Articles which 
 have undergone some process ; not 
 crude or raw. 
 
 Marine Insurance. Insurance on 
 vessels and cargo. 
 
 Mark. A letter, figure, or device, by 
 which goods and prices are distin- 
 guished ; private marks are usually 
 made by selecting a word of ten 
 letters and letting each letter stand 
 for a digit. 
 
 Market. A public place of sale for 
 provisions or other wares. 
 
 Mart. A market ; a place of traffic. 
 
 Maturity. Time fixed for payment; 
 becoming due. 
 
 Maximum. The highest price or 
 sum. 
 
 Measurement Goods. Goods on 
 which freight is charged by meas- 
 urement. 
 
 Mercantile Agency. A concern 
 which procures and furnishes infor- 
 mation as to the financial standing 
 and credit of business firms. 
 
 Mercantile Paper. Notes or bills 
 issued by merchants for goods 
 bought or consigned. 
 
 Merchantable. Fit for market; in 
 sound condition. 
 
 Merchant. One who buys and sells 
 goods, generally applied to whole- 
 salers or large dealers. 
 
 Merchant Service. Trading ships 
 taken collectively; the management 
 of merchant vessels. 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 Merger. Absorption of a lesser by 
 a greater debt or obligation. 
 
 Metallic Currency. Silver, gold, 
 and copper coinage. 
 
 Metric System. A decimal system 
 of weights and measures, first estab- 
 lished in France ; now in general 
 use in Europe and growing into use 
 in English-speaking countries. 
 
 Minimnm. Lowest price ; least 
 quantity possible. 
 
 Mint. A place for coining money. 
 
 Misfeasance. The doing of a law- 
 ful act in an unlawful manner. 
 
 Mitigation. Reduction of a penalty 
 or fine ; that which in part excuses. 
 
 Mixed Fabrics. Those composed of 
 more than one kind of fibre, as wool 
 and cotton. 
 
 Money. The measure of value and 
 medium of exchange ; strictly speak- 
 ing, money must have intrinsic 
 value to the amount it represents, 
 as gold or silver ; but bank notes 
 and sometimes checks are included. 
 
 Money-Broker. One who deals in 
 money. 
 
 Money Market. The general sys- 
 tem of cash loans ; the exchange of 
 different kinds of currency. 
 
 Money Order. An order requesting 
 one person to pay money to an- 
 other ; not negotiable ; most com- 
 monly used of post-office orders. 
 
 Monopoly. Sole power of dealing 
 in certain class of goods. 
 
 Mortgage. A conditional convey- 
 ance of property, to become void 
 upon fulfillment of the condition, 
 as, the payment of a note. 
 
 Mortgage Deed. A deed of the na- 
 ture of a mortgage. 
 
 Mortgagee. The person to whom 
 property is mortgaged. 
 
 Mortgagor. One who gives a mort- 
 gage. 
 
 Movables. Personal property ; prop- 
 erty not fixed. 
 
 Muster. A collection of samples. 
 
 National Banks. Banks organized 
 under the conditions of an Act of 
 Congress ; they can issue bank notes 
 only to the amount of United States 
 Bonds they have deposited in the 
 U. S. Treasury. 
 
 Negotiable Paper. Notes, bills, 
 and drafts which may be transferred 
 
 with all their rights by indorsement 
 or assignment. 
 
 Negotiation. Agreeing upon a mer- 
 cantile transaction ; making a bar- 
 gain ; fixing a price. 
 
 Net. The clear amount ; what re- 
 mains after deducting charges and 
 expenses. 
 
 Net Profits. Clear profit, after de- 
 ducting losses. 
 
 Net Weigbt. Weight of merchan- 
 dise without bag, box, or covering. 
 
 Nominal. In name only ; very small, 
 as, a nominal price. 
 
 Non-feasance. The not doing of 
 what ought to be done. 
 
 Notary Public. A public officer 
 who attests or certifies to acknowl- 
 edgment of deeds and other papers, 
 protests notes and bills, etc. 
 
 Notarial Seal. Seal of a notary 
 public. 
 
 Note of Hand. A written under- 
 taking to pay money at a certain 
 time. 
 
 Note Book. A book in which notes 
 of hand are recorded. 
 
 Obligation. A duty; a binding en- 
 gagement ; bond with condition an- 
 nexed. 
 
 On Sale. Goods left with another 
 person to sell on account. 
 
 Open Account. A running or un- 
 settled account. 
 
 Opening. The display of a new 
 stock of ^ goods for sale. 
 
 Open Policy. In marine insurance, 
 a policy which covers undefined 
 risks. 
 
 Option. Permission to choose; in 
 stock-broking, privilege of taking or 
 delivering stock at a given day and 
 price. 
 
 Order. A commission to purchase; 
 directions to pay money or deliver 
 goods. 
 
 Order Book. That in which orders 
 received are entered. 
 
 Ordinary. A ship in harbor is said 
 to be in ordinary ; of medium qual- 
 ity. 
 
 Outstanding Accounts. Book 
 debts not yet collected. 
 
 Overdraw. To call for more money 
 than is on deposit. 
 
 Overdue. Applied to a note or draft 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 the specified time for payment of 
 which has passed. 
 Overt. Apparent; manifest; open. 
 
 Package. A bundle ; a parcel ; a 
 bale. 
 
 Panic. A monetary pressure; finan- 
 cial crisis. 
 
 Paper. Negotiable evidence of in- 
 debtedness. 
 
 Paper Money. Bills of banks or the 
 government passing current as 
 money. 
 
 Parole. [Fr.] Not written, as, 
 parole evidence. 
 
 Par Value. The face or nominal 
 value. 
 
 Par of Exchange. The value of a 
 unit of one country's coinage ex- 
 pressed in that of another's. 
 
 Partner. An associate in business ; 
 member of a partnership. 
 
 Partnership. Contract of two or 
 more persons to join money, stock, 
 or skill in trade for mutual benefit. 
 
 Part Owner. One of several owners 
 of a ship ; the relation differs ma- 
 terially from partnership. 
 
 Pass Book. A book kept by a cus- 
 tomer in which entries of purchases 
 are made; a bank book. 
 
 Passport. A permission from a gov- 
 ernment to travel, with identifica- 
 tion and certificate of nationality. 
 
 Pawnbroker. One who lends money 
 at interest on security of goods de- 
 posited. 
 
 Payable. Justly due; capable of 
 payment. 
 
 Payee. The person to whose order a 
 note, bill, or draft is to be paid. 
 
 Per Cent. [Lat.] By the hundred; 
 rates of interest, discount, etc. 
 
 Per Centage. [Lat.] An allow- 
 ance reckoned by hundredth parts ; 
 commission. 
 
 Per Contra. [Lat.] To the oppo- 
 site side of an account. 
 
 Permit. Written authority to re- 
 move dutiable goods. 
 
 Petty Cash Book. Account of 
 small receipts and expenses. 
 
 Policy. The instrument by which 
 the contract of insurance is made. 
 
 Port. A harbor for vessels; a com- 
 mercial city. 
 
 Port of Entry. A port where a 
 
 Custom House is established for 
 the entry of imports. 
 
 Post-Date. To date after the real 
 time. 
 
 Posting. To transfer from day-book 
 or journal to the ledger. 
 
 Post Obit. A promise to pay loans 
 after the death of some person. 
 
 Power of Attorney. Written au- 
 thority from one person to another 
 to act for him. 
 
 Preferred Creditor. One whose 
 claims a bankrupt debtor elects to 
 settle first. 
 
 Premium. A sum beyond par value : 
 the amount paid annually in insur- 
 ance contracts. 
 
 Price Current. A statement show- 
 ing prevailing price of merchandise, 
 stock, or securities. 
 
 Price List. A list of articles with 
 prices attached. 
 
 Prime. Of high quality ; superior. 
 
 Principal. The sum on which in- 
 terest is paid. 
 
 Proceeds. The sum realized by a 
 sale. 
 
 Procuration. A general letter or 
 power of attorney. 
 
 Produce. Farm products of all 
 kinds. 
 
 Profit and Loss. An account in 
 which gains and losses are balanced. 
 
 Promissory Note. (See Note.) 
 
 Pro Rata. [Lat.] A proportional 
 distribution. 
 
 Protective Tariff. Duty imposed 
 on imports to encourage manu- 
 factures. 
 
 Protest. Notice to the sureties of 
 a note that it was not paid at ma- 
 turity or to the drawer of a draft 
 that acceptance was refused. 
 
 Purveyor. One who supplies pro- 
 visions. 
 
 Q 
 
 Quarantine. Restraint of inter- 
 course to which a ship is subjected 
 on suspicion of infection ; the place 
 of such restraint. 
 
 Quitrent. Rent paid by tenant of a 
 freehold, discharging him from 
 other rent. 
 
 Quotation. Current Prices of stocks 
 or commodities. 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 Real Estate. Land, houses and fix- 
 tures ; all immovable property. 
 
 Rebate. Deduction ; abatement ; 
 discount ; giving back part of sum 
 already paid. 
 
 Receipt. A written acknowledgment 
 of payment. 
 
 Receipt Book. A book in which 
 receipts are filed. 
 
 Receiver. An officer appointed by a 
 court to hold in trust property in 
 litigation, or to wind up the affairs 
 of a bankrupt concern. 
 
 Recoup* To counterbalance losses 
 by gains. 
 
 Rectification. Second distillation 
 of alcoholic liquors. 
 
 Register. A ship's paper, issued by 
 the Custom House, stating descrip- 
 tion, name, tonnage, nationality, and 
 ownership. 
 
 Re-insurance. Transfer of part of 
 the contract of insurance from one 
 insurer to another. 
 
 Remittance. Transfer of funds 
 from one party to another. 
 
 Renewal. Giving a new note for 
 an old one ; extension of time. 
 
 Rent. Compensation for the use of 
 real estate. 
 
 Rente. A French term equivalent 
 to government annuity. 
 
 Repository. A warehouse or store- 
 house. 
 
 Reprisal. The seizure of ships or 
 property to indemnify for unlawful 
 seizure or detention. 
 
 Respondentia Bond. A bond for a 
 loan secured by the cargo of a ship. 
 
 Retail. To sell in small quantities. 
 
 Returns. Profit on an investment. 
 
 Revenue. Income of a State; taxes 
 received. 
 
 Revenue Cutter. A small govern- 
 ment vessel used in collecting taxes 
 and preventing smuggling. 
 
 Reversion. Right to possess prop- 
 erty after the happening of some 
 event, as the death of a person. 
 
 S 
 
 Sale. Transfer of property for a con- 
 sideration. 
 
 Salvage. Compensation given those 
 who rescue ship or cargo from loss. 
 
 Salvor. One who voluntarily en- 
 gages in saving a ship or cargo from 
 peril. 
 
 Sample. A small portion of mer- 
 chandise taken as a specimen of 
 quality. 
 
 Sans Recours. [Fr.] Without re- 
 course ; sometimes added to an in- 
 dorsement of a note or bill to protect 
 indorser from liability. 
 
 Scrip. Certificate of stock given be- 
 fore registration. 
 
 Seaworthy. Fit for a voyage and 
 properly equipped. 
 
 Securities. Documents securing a 
 right to property. 
 
 Sell. To make a sale ; to transfer for 
 consideration. 
 
 Set- Off. A counter claim or cross 
 debt arising from a different mat- 
 ter from the one in question. 
 
 Share. Interest owned by one of a 
 number ; unit of the division of 
 stock. 
 
 Ship. Technically, a three-masted 
 square-rigged vessel ; commonly used 
 for any large vessel. 
 
 Shipment. Quantity of goods dis- 
 patched. 
 
 Shipper. One who dispatches goods 
 by vessel or other conveyance. 
 
 Shipping. Collective term for a 
 number of vessels. 
 
 Shipping Articles. Articles of 
 agreement between captain and sea- 
 men. 
 
 Shipping Clerk. One who oversees 
 the forwarding of merchandise. 
 
 Ship*s Husband. One who attends 
 to the requisite repairs of a ship 
 while in port, and does all the other 
 necessary acts preparatory to a voy- 
 age. 
 
 Ship's Papers. Papers which a ves- 
 sel must carry ; register, sea-letter, 
 logbook, bill of health, shipping 
 articles, etc. 
 
 Ship's Stores. Provisions, fuel, 
 cables, extra spars, etc. 
 
 Short. To "sell short" is to sell for 
 future delivery what one has not 
 got in hopes that prices will fall. 
 
 Short Exchange. Bills of exchange 
 payable at sight or in a few days. 
 
 Shrinkage. Reduction in bulk or 
 measurement. 
 
 Sight. The time when a bill is pre- 
 sented to the drawee. 
 
 Sight Draft. One payable at sight, 
 i. e., when presented. 
 
 Signature. The name of a person 
 written by himself. 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 Silent Partner. One who furnishes 
 capital but takes no active part in a 
 business. 
 Simple Interest. Interest on prin- 
 cipal alone ; not compound. 
 
 Sinking Fund. A fund set apart 
 from revenue to pay a public or 
 corporation debt. 
 
 Smuggling. Introducing goods into 
 a country without paying duties. 
 
 Solvent. Able to meet all liabilities. 
 
 Specialty. A written, sealed, and 
 delivered contract. 
 
 Specie. Any kind of coined money. 
 
 Specification. A written descrip- 
 tion and enumeration of particulars. 
 
 Speculation. A business investment 
 out of the ordinary run of trade. 
 
 Stamp Duty. Law requiring stamps 
 to be affixed to checks and proprie- 
 tary articles. 
 
 Staple. Principal commodity of a 
 country or district. 
 
 Statute Law. Body of laws estab- 
 lished by legislative enactment; 
 written as opposed to unwritten or 
 common law. 
 
 Sterling. Lawful or standard money 
 of Great Britain. 
 
 Stock. Shares in the capital of cor- 
 porations ; goods on hand. 
 
 Stock Broker. One who buys and 
 sells stock on commission. 
 
 Stock Exchange. Place where 
 shares of stock are bought and sold. 
 
 Stock-Holder. One who holds 
 shares of stock. 
 
 Stock Jobber. One who speculates 
 in stocks. 
 
 Stoppage in Transitu. [Lat.] 
 Right of seller to stop goods "on 
 their passage" if purchaser has be- 
 come insolvent. 
 
 Storage. Sums paid for storing 
 goods. 
 
 Storekeeper. Officer in charge of 
 a bonded warehouse. 
 
 Stowage. Careful arrangement of 
 cargo in a ship. 
 
 Subpoena. A writ commanding a 
 witness to appear in court. 
 
 Subpoena duces tecum. A sub- 
 poena requiring witness to bring 
 papers with him. 
 
 Subrogation. Putting one thing in 
 place of another; substituting one 
 creditor for another. 
 
 Sundries. Unclassified articles. 
 
 Supercargo. An agent who accom- 
 
 panies cargo to care for and sell it. 
 
 Surety. One who binds himself to 
 pay money in case another person 
 fails to pay, to fill a contract, or to 
 serve with integrity. 
 
 Surveyor. Agent of an insurance 
 company to examine and report on 
 applications for marine or fire in- 
 surance. 
 
 Suspend. To fail ; to stop payment. 
 
 Suspense Account. An account 
 made of doubtful balances to ascer- 
 tain probable profit or loss. 
 
 Sutler. One authorized to sell goods 
 to an army. 
 
 Suttle Weight. Weight after tare 
 is deducted. 
 
 Tale Quale. [Lat.] "Such as;" 
 used to denote that cargo is pre- 
 sumed to correspond with sample, 
 and that buyer takes the risk of 
 deterioration. 
 
 Tally. Keeping account by checking 
 off. 
 
 Tally Man. One who receives pay- 
 ment for goods in weekly instal- 
 ments. 
 
 Tare. Allowance in weight or quan- 
 tity on account of cask, bag, or 
 covering. Actual tare: when each 
 cask, etc. is weighed. Average tare: 
 when one is weighed as a sample. 
 Estimated tare: when a fixed per- 
 centage is allowed. 
 
 Tariff. Rate or list of duties; price 
 list. 
 
 Teller. Officer of a bank who re- 
 ceives or pays out money. 
 
 Tenants. Those who lease or rent 
 real estate. 
 
 Tenants in Common. Persons 
 holding the same property in com- 
 mon, i. e., by distinct titles and not 
 as joint tenants. 
 
 Tender. Offer to supply money or 
 articles. {See Legal Tender.) 
 
 Ten Forties. United States Gov* 
 ernment Bonds, which could be re- 
 deemed by the government in ten 
 years or allowed to run for forty. 
 
 Tenor. Intent, nature, character; 
 sometimes an exact copy. 
 
 Textile Fabrics. All woven or 
 piece goods. 
 
 Testator. One who has made a will ; 
 feminine form, testatrix. 
 
Commercial and Legal Terms 
 
 Time Bargain. A contract for the 
 future sale of stock. 
 
 Tonnage. The weight a ship will 
 carry in tons ; capacity of a vessel. 
 
 Tort. A private or civil injury for 
 which damages will lie. 
 
 Trade. Buying and selling; com- 
 merce ; traffic. 
 
 Trade Disconnt. An allowance 
 made to dealers in the same line. 
 
 Trade Mark. Letters, figures, or 
 devices used on goods and labels 
 which a manufacturer has the sole 
 right to use. 
 
 Trade Price. That allowed by 
 wholesalers to retailers. 
 
 Trade Sail. An auction by and for 
 the trade ; especially of booksellers. 
 
 Trades Union. A combination of 
 workingmen to protect their own 
 interests. 
 
 Traffic. Business done ; especially 
 that of a railroad. 
 
 Transhipment. Removing goods 
 from one ship or conveyance to an- 
 other. 
 
 Transportation. Oonveying goods 
 from one place to another. 
 
 Transit Duty. Tax imposed on 
 goods for passing through a country. 
 
 Traveler. A commercial agent ; a 
 drummer. 
 
 Treasury Notes. Those issued by 
 government and passing current as 
 money. 
 
 Treaty. An agreement or _ compact 
 between two or more nations. 
 
 Tret. Allowance for waste of 4 lbs. 
 in 104 lbs., after tare has been de- 
 ducted. 
 
 Triplicate. To make three copies 
 of a paper; the third copy. 
 
 Trustee Process. Same as Garnish- 
 ment, which see. 
 
 Ullage. What a cask lacks of being 
 full. 
 
 Unclaimed Goods. Goods in gov- 
 ernment storehouses unclaimed after 
 three years from importation, or on 
 which duties have not been paid, 
 may be sold at auction. 
 
 Undersell. To sell below the trade 
 price. 
 
 Underwriter. A marine insurer ; 
 an individual, not a company. 
 
 Unseaworthy. Unfit for a voyage 
 in condition or equipment. 
 
 Unsound. In bad condition ; of 
 doubtful solvency. 
 
 Usance. The time allowed by usage 
 for the payment of a bill of ex- 
 change ; it differs greatly in differ- 
 ent countries ; any business custom. 
 
 Usury. Interest beyond the lawful 
 rate. 
 
 Valid. Of force; binding; good in 
 law. 
 
 Value. To estimate; worth. 
 
 Value Received. Phrase used in 
 notes and bills to express a consid- 
 eration indefinitely. 
 
 Vendee. One to whom something 
 is sold. 
 
 Vendor. A seller. 
 
 Vendue. An auction sale. 
 
 Venture. A mercantile speculation 
 or investment. 
 
 Void. That which is of no legal ef- 
 fect. 
 
 Voidable. That which may become 
 of no legal effect if proper steps are 
 taken. 
 
 Voucher. A book, receipt, entry, or 
 other document which establishes 
 the truth of accounts. 
 
 W 
 
 Warehouseman. One who stores 
 
 goods for pay. 
 Waiver. Relinquishment of a legal 
 
 right or privilege. 
 Warranty. An undertaking that 
 
 goods or title are as represented. 
 Wastage. Loss in handling; shrink- 
 age. 
 Waste. Refuse material. 
 Way Bill. List of goods given to a 
 
 carrier. 
 Wharfage. Fees paid for use of a 
 
 wharf. 
 Wreckage. Merchandise saved from 
 
 a wreck. 
 
 D. 62. 
 
Familiar Allusions. 
 
 NAMES OF PERSONS, PLACES, PICTURES, BUILDINGS, STREETS 
 
 AND MONUMENTS? ALSO WORDS, PHRASES, ETC, 
 
 FREQUENTLY USED IN LITERATURE AND 
 
 CONVERSATION. 
 
 Abderite. A scoffer ; from Abdera, 
 where Democritus lived. 
 
 Abraham's Bosom. The rest of the 
 blessed dead. Luke xiv. 22. 
 
 Abyla. One of the "Pillars of Her- 
 cules ;" Calpe, being the other. 
 
 Academics. The disciples of Plato, 
 so called from the academy. 
 
 Academy (Academia). A gymna- 
 sium in the suburbs of Athens, 
 where Plato founded his school, 368 
 B. c. The Academy (as a philo- 
 sophic school) was divided into the 
 old (by Plato and his disciples) ; 
 the middle (by Arcesilaos), and the 
 new (by Carneades). 
 
 Academy, The French.. (Academie 
 Frangaise.) One of the five acad- 
 emies constituting the French In- 
 stitute ; founded by Richelieu ; deals 
 with the French language, and con- 
 sists of 40 members. 
 
 Acadia. The former name of Nova 
 Scotia. 
 
 Adams and Liberty. Patriotic 
 American song, by R. T. Paine, Jr. 
 
 Adam's Apple. Caused by a piece 
 of forbidden fruit sticking there. 
 
 Admirable Crichton, The. James 
 Crichton ; Scotch prodigy of the 16th 
 century. Hence a person of great 
 accomplishments. 
 
 Admiral. English admirals were of 
 three kinds according to the color 
 of their flag. Admieal of the 
 Blue, kept the rear in a fight; Ad- 
 miral of the Red, the center; Ad- 
 miral of the White, the van. 
 
 .SEneid. Virgil's epic poem, of which 
 JEneas is the hero. 
 
 Ages. According to Hesiod there 
 were five ages of the world. The 
 Golden, the Silver, the Brazen, 
 the Heroic, and the Iron. 
 
 Agnus Dei. The Lamb of God. A 
 cake stamped with the figure of a 
 lamb, given out by the Pope on the 
 Sunday after Easter. 
 
 Alabama. A Confederate privateer 
 built in England, and commanded 
 by Capt. Semmes. After great 
 depredations on American commerce, 
 she was sunk by the "Kearsarge," 
 June 19, 1864. 
 
 Aladdin's Window (To finish). 
 To try to finish something left un- 
 finished by a great man. One win- 
 dow in Aladdin's palace was left for 
 the Sultan to finish, but his treas- 
 ure gave out. 
 
 Albany Regency* Nickname of a 
 set of able Democratic politicians, 
 60^ years ago, at Albany, N. Y. 
 
 Albino. Person with unusually 
 white skin and hair, and red eyes. 
 
 Albion. England. Said to mean 
 the chalk cliffs. (Alius, white.) 
 
 Aldine Press. Founded by Aldus 
 Manutine, at Venice, 1496. Hence 
 came the famous Aldine editions. 
 
 Alexandrian Library. Founded 
 by Ptolemy Soter, at Alexandria, 
 Esrpt. Contained 100,000 volumes. 
 Burned 47 B. c. 
 
 Alexandrine Age. 323-640, when 
 Alexandria was the seat of the high- 
 est culture. 
 
 Alhambra. Palace and fortress of 
 the Moors at Granada, Spain. 
 
 All Souls' Day. Nov. 2. Day of 
 prayer for souls in Purgatory. 
 
 Allah. ("The Adorable.") Arabic 
 name of God. 
 
 Almack's. Once a famous London 
 assembly-room where balls were 
 given of the most exclusive, aristo- 
 cratic character. 
 
 Almighty Dollar. A phrase from. 
 Irving's Creole Village. 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 Alsatia. The Whitefriars (Lon- 
 don) refuge for criminals. 
 
 Alto-Relievo. (High relief.) Fig- 
 ures in marble, etc., cut so as to 
 project one-half or more from the 
 tablet. 
 
 Ambrosia. The food of the gods. 
 
 Amuck, To run amuck. Run foul 
 of. Malays, drunk with opium, run 
 about, armed with daggers, shouting 
 "Amuck'; (kill). 
 
 Anacreontics. Verses in praise of 
 love or wine, after Anacreon. 
 
 Ancient Regime. The French 
 Government before the Revolution. 
 
 Andersonville Prison. In Georgia. 
 Union soldiers were confined there 
 during the Civil War of the United 
 States. 
 
 Angelic Doctor, The, Thomas 
 Aquinas. 
 
 Angelus, The. A prayer to the Vir- 
 gin, recited thrice a day. 
 
 Angling, The Father of. Izaak 
 Walton. 
 
 Annunciation, Day of. Festival, 
 celebrated March 25th, the day the 
 angel announced to the Virgin that 
 she would bear Our Lord. 
 
 Annus Mir abilis. ( Wonderful 
 
 Year.) 1666. Plague, fire of Lon- 
 don, and English victory over the 
 Dutch. 
 
 Anthony, Saint. St. Anthony's 
 Fire. Erysipelas. 
 
 Antoninus, The Wall of. Turf 
 entrenchment across Scotland from 
 the Clyde to the Frith of Forth, 
 built by the Romans 140. 
 
 Apollo Belvedere. A marble statue 
 of Apollo in the Belvedere Gallery 
 of the Vatican at Rome. 
 
 Appian Way. Oldest of the Roman 
 roads, from Rome to Capua. 
 
 Apples of Sodom. Lovely fruit, but 
 within full of ashes. 
 
 Arabesque. Moorish (Arabic) pat- 
 terns in decoration. 
 
 Arcadian. A shepherd; belonging 
 to shepherds. So called from the, 
 Greek country Arcadia, a pastoral 
 region. 
 
 Arch of Triumph. At the west end 
 of the Champs Elysees, Paris, 116 ft. 
 high, 145 wide. Begun by Napoleon. 
 
 Arctic, The. A Collins steamer, 
 sunk, with great loss of life, in 1854. 
 
 Argo. The ship in which Jason went 
 after the golden fleece. 
 
 Argonauts. The heroes who sailed 
 in the Argo. 
 
 Argus-eyed. Extremely watchful. 
 Juno, jealous of To, had her watched 
 by the hundred-eyed Argus. 
 
 Arians. Disciples of Arius ; main- 
 tained that the Father and Son are 
 distinct beings. 
 
 Armada, The Spanish. Fleet col- 
 lected by Philip of Spain, in 1588, 
 to conquer England. 
 
 Artesian Well. From Artois in 
 France, where they were first dug. 
 
 Aryans. The parents of the Indo- 
 European peoples. 
 
 Astor Library. In New York city, 
 founded by J. J. Astor. 
 
 Athens, The Modern. 1. Edinburgh. 
 2. Boston. 
 
 Augustan Age. The palmiest period 
 of a literature ; the best days of 
 Roman literature being under Au- 
 gustus. • 
 
 Auld Reekie (Old Smoky). Edin- 
 burgh, Scotland. 
 
 Avalon. Burial place of King Ar- 
 thur ; said to be Glastonbury. 
 
 Ayreshire Poet, The. Burns, who 
 was born near Ayr, Scotland. 
 
 Barnburners. A name once given 
 
 to radical Democrats. 
 Babylonish Captivity. The 70 
 
 years' captivity of the Jews at 
 Babylon, 608-538 b. c. 
 
 Baconian Philosophy. The induc- 
 tive philosophy of Lord Bacon. 
 
 Balmoral Castle. A Scotch castle 
 owned by Queen Victoria. 
 
 Bank of England. In Threadneedle 
 Street, London. - Founded 1694. 
 Sometimes called "The Old Lady of 
 Threadneedle Street." 
 
 Bard of Avon. Shakespeare, from 
 Stratford-on-Avon. 
 
 Barleycorn, John. Malt liquor. 
 
 Barmecide's Feast. An illusion. 
 Barmecide asked a starving beggar 
 to dinner, and set empty dishes be- 
 fore him. (Arabian Nights.) 
 
 Basilisk. A serpent supposed to 
 "look people dead." 
 
 Basso-Relievo. Figures cut on mar- 
 ble, etc., projecting a litte. 
 
 Bastile. French prison and fortress, 
 destroyed by the mob, 1789. 
 
 Battle of the Books. A satire by 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 Swift on the comparative merits of 
 ancient and modern literature. 
 
 Battery, The. A park in New York 
 city adjoining the river. 
 
 Beacon Street. The aristocratic res- 
 idence street of Boston. 
 
 Beauty and the Beast. A fairy 
 tale. Beauty lives with the Beast 
 to save her father's life. Beast, dis- 
 enchanted by love, is made a hand- 
 some prince. 
 
 Bedlam. (Bethlehem). A lunatic 
 asylum. 
 
 Bee, the Attic. Plato, from his 
 sweet style. 
 
 Beelzebub. God of flies ; a Philis- 
 tine deity. 
 
 Begging the question. Assuming 
 as true what you are to prove. 
 
 Belle France, "La, (Fair France). 
 A general name of France. 
 
 Belgravia. Fashionable quarter of 
 London. 
 
 Bell the Cat. A wise mouse pro- 
 posed that a bell should be hung 
 upon the cat's neck to apprise the 
 mice of her coming ; a young mouse 
 inquired, "Who will put the bell 
 on?" 
 
 Bell, The Passing. Rung formerly 
 when persons were dying. 
 
 Beloved Disciple. St. John. 
 
 Benicia Boy. John C. Heenan, the 
 American pugilist, born at Benicia, 
 Cal. 
 
 Bess, Good Queen. Queen Eliza- 
 beth. 
 
 Bibliotheque Nationale. ( Na- 
 tional Library.) At Paris, contains 
 over 1,000,000 books, 150,000 manu- 
 scripts, etc. 
 
 Billingsgate. Coarse language, such 
 as is used by the fishwomen of Bil- 
 lingsgate, the London fish market. 
 
 Black Death. A contagious, putrid 
 typhus, which desolated Europe, 
 Asia and Africa in the 14th century. 
 
 Black Friday. Sept. 26, 1869; 
 financial panic in Wall street, New 
 York. 
 
 Black Hole. Dark cell in Calcutta 
 prison where Surajah Dowlah shut 
 up 146 British soldiers ; 23 lived till 
 morning. 
 
 Black Prince. Edward, Prince of 
 Wales, son of Edward III. 
 
 Black Republicans. The Republi- 
 can party in the United States, from 
 
 their opposition to the extension of 
 slavery. 
 
 Blarney Stone. In Blarney Castle, 
 near Cork, Ireland. Supposed to 
 impart a flowing tongue to whoever 
 kisses it. 
 
 Bluebeard. A wife-killing tyrant; 
 a sort of Henry VIII. 
 
 Blue Laws. A nickname of early 
 severe New England statutes. 
 
 Blue Stocking. A female pedant; 
 so called from a literary society at 
 Venice in 1400, whose members wore 
 blue stockings. 
 
 Bohemian. An artist or literary 
 man living loosely by his wits. 
 
 Bois de Bologne. A Paris prom- 
 enade. 
 
 Border, The. The frontiers of Eng- 
 land and Scotland. 
 
 Border Minstrel, The. Sir Walter 
 Scott. 
 
 Border States. Maryland, Dela- 
 ware, Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri. 
 
 Bourgeoisie. French tradesmen and 
 manufacturers as a class. 
 
 Boulevard. In Paris, a wide street 
 or promenade. 
 
 Bourse. The Parisian Stock Ex- 
 change. 
 
 Bloody Mary. Queen Mary of Eng- 
 land; so called on account of her 
 bloodthirsty persecution of English 
 Protestants. 
 
 Bow Bells. A set of bells in St. 
 Mary-le-Bow Church, London. A 
 person "born within sound of Bow 
 Bells" is a Cockney. 
 
 Bowery, The. A New York thor- 
 oughfare of the lower classes. 
 
 Boycott. To refuse to have anything 
 to do with. Boycott, an Irish land- 
 lord, was so treated in 1881. 
 
 Brandy Nose. A nickname of Queen 
 Anne of England. 
 
 Breeches Bible. An edition in 
 which aprons, in Genesis iii. 7, is 
 rendered "breeches." 
 
 Bride of the Sea. Venice. 
 
 Bridge of Sighs. In Venice, Italy. 
 Connects Doge's palace and state 
 prisons. The condemned passed over 
 it to be executed. 
 
 British Museum. A famous library 
 and museum of London. 
 
 Broadway. The principal business 
 street of New York city. 
 
 Brook Farm. A socialistic commu- 
 nity founded at West Roxbury, 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 Mass., 1841, to carry out the idea 
 of Fourierism. 
 
 Brother Jonathan. America, an 
 American. Said to be derived from 
 Jonathan Trumbull, Governor of 
 ■Connecticut, of whom Washington 
 would say, "We must consult Broth- 
 er Jonathan." 
 
 Buncombe or Bunkum. Clap-trap 
 eloquence. Said to come from Bun- 
 combe, in North Carolina. A North 
 Carolina member said a fiery speech 
 was not delivered to the house, but 
 to Buncombe. 
 
 Bunker Hill Monument. A gran- 
 ite obelisk on Bunker (once Breed's) 
 Hill, Charlestown, Mass., marking 
 the site of the battle between the 
 British and Americans, June 17, 
 1775. 
 
 Cachet, Lettres de. (Sealed let- 
 ters.) Blank warrants with the 
 French King's seal, to free from, or 
 imprison in the Bastile. 
 
 Caledonia. A poetical name for 
 Scotland. 
 
 Campagna. (The country.) The 
 plain around the city of Rome. 
 
 Carbonari. Italian secret political 
 society, organized in 1820. 
 
 Carmagnole. Song and dance in the 
 French Revolution. 
 
 Cartesian Philosophy. (Des- 
 cartes.) "I think, therefore I exist." 
 
 Castle Garden. The landing-place 
 of emigrants, New York city. 
 
 Catacombs. The subterranean bur- 
 ial-places in Alexandria, Egypt ; also 
 in Rome, used by the early Chris- 
 tians. 
 
 Cavalier Servente. The escort of 
 a married woman. 
 
 Cecilia, Saint. A Roman Christian 
 martyr ; patroness of music. 
 
 Celestial Empire. China, whose 
 first emperors were all divinities. 
 
 Central Park. The great park of 
 New York city, contains 863 acres. 
 
 Champs de Mars. A field in Paris 
 for military maneuvers. 
 
 Champs Elysees. A promenade in 
 Paris, lVi miles long. 
 
 Charter Oak. A tree in Hartford, 
 Conn., in which the Colonial Char- 
 ter was secreted in 1688. Blown 
 down in 1856. 
 
 Chauvinism. Narrow-minded brag- 
 
 gart patriotism ; from "Chauvin, a 
 character of Scribe's. 
 
 Cheapside. A great and crowded 
 London thoroughfare. 
 
 Chestnut Street. The fashionable 
 street of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Chiltern Hundreds, To accept 
 the. To resign one's seat in Parlia- 
 ment. An English member of Par- 
 liament resigns his seat by taking 
 office. Stewardship of the Chiltern 
 Hundreds is a sinecure for this pur- 
 pose. 
 
 Christ Church. The largest college 
 in the University of Oxford. 
 
 Cid, The. Don Roderigo Laynez, 
 Count of Bivar ; Spanish hero. 
 
 Cincinnati, The. Society of Ameri- 
 can Revolutionary officers. 
 
 Citizen King, The. Louis Philippe 
 of France. 
 
 Cockaine, Land of. An imaginary 
 land of pleasure and laziness. 
 
 Colossus of Rhodes. A brass statue 
 at Rhodes, 126 feet high. 
 
 Columbia. Poetical name of the 
 United States, from Columbus. 
 
 Column of Vendome. (Colonne 
 Vendome.) Stone pillar in Paris, 
 erected by Napoleon ; razed by the 
 Commune in 1871. 
 
 Confederate States. The 11 States 
 which seceded in 1861, viz., Ala- 
 bama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, 
 Louisiana, Mississippi, North Caro- 
 lina, South Carolina, Tennessee, 
 Texas, Virginia. 
 
 Congressional Library. At Wash- 
 ington, largest in United States. 
 
 Consols. English public securities at 
 3 per cent. 
 
 Copperheads. Northern sympathiz- 
 ers with the South in the American 
 Civil War. 
 
 Corncrackers, The. Kentuckians. 
 
 Corn Law Rhymer, The. Ebenezer 
 Elliott. 
 
 Corso. (The Course.) The chief 
 thoroughfare of Rome. 
 
 Crapaud (a toad) Johnny. A 
 Frenchman. The ancient device of 
 French royalty was three toads 
 (subsequently the fleur de lys). 
 
 Credit Mobilier. A company au- 
 thorized to do a stock-jobbing busi- 
 ness. The American C M. in con- 
 nection with the Pacific railroads 
 was famous in 1873. 
 
 Crocodile Tears. Hypocritical grief. 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 The crocodile was fabled to weep as 
 it ate its victim. 
 
 Cumberland. A United States ves- 
 sel sunk by the Confederate ram 
 Merrimac in Hampton Roads, March 
 8, 1862. Went down with colors 
 flying, firing a broadside as she sunk. 
 
 Curfew Bell. A bell rung at sunset 
 in the time of William I. and II. in 
 England, to order fires and candles 
 to be put out. 
 
 Damocles' Sword. Presentiment of 
 evil. Dionysius the Elder, tyrant of 
 Syracuse, invited his flatterer Dam- 
 ocles to a splendid feast, but hung 
 over his head a sword dangling by a 
 single hair. 
 
 Darby and Joan. An affectionate 
 married couple. From a ballad. 
 
 Dartmoor Prison, in Devonshire, 
 England. A prison of war. 
 
 Darwinian Theory. A theory pro- 
 posed by Charles Darwin in his Ori- 
 gin of Species; the different species 
 came from one or a few original 
 forms, present differences being the 
 result of development and natural 
 selection. 
 
 De Frofundis (Out of the depths). 
 The first two words of the Latin 
 version of the 130th Psalm. Sung 
 at burials. 
 
 Debatable Ground. Land on the 
 western border of Scotland, disputed 
 between Scotland and England. 
 
 Defender of the Faith. Title given 
 by Pope Leo X. to Henry VIII. of 
 England. 
 
 Dies Irse. (Day of wrath.) First 
 two words of a celebrated mediaeval 
 hymn by Thomas of •Celano. 
 
 Directory, The French. By the 
 constitution of 1795 the executive 
 power was vested in five directors. 
 It lasted four years only. 
 
 Dixie. The Land of Dixie. The 
 Southern States. 
 
 Dizzy. A nickname of Benjamin Dis- 
 raeli, Earl of Beaconsfield. 
 
 Doctors' Commons. Where the Ec- 
 clesiastical Court sat in London. 
 
 Doctrinaire. An impracticable poli- 
 tician. First applied to the French 
 Constitutional Monarchists, of whom 
 Guizot was one. 
 
 Doe, John. Fictitious plaintiff in 
 ejectment; Doe versus Roe. 
 
 Doomsday Book. A book contain- 
 ing the value of all English estates 
 in the reign of William the Con- 
 queror. 
 
 Donnybrook Fair. A once cele- 
 brated annual fair near Dublin. 
 
 Douay Bible, The. The English 
 Bible authorized by the Roman 
 Catholic Church. First published at 
 Douay, France. 
 
 Downing Street, in London. The 
 official residence of the Prime Min- 
 isters is situated there since the time 
 of Sir Robert Walpole. 
 
 Drachenfels (Dragon Rock). A 
 castle on a mountain of the same 
 name, high above the Rhine, not far 
 from Bonn. 
 
 Drury Lane Theater. A London 
 playhouse, opened in 1668. 
 
 Dunciad. A satire on Dunces by 
 Pope. Colley Cibber is the hero. 
 
 Dying Gladiator. An ancient statue 
 in the Capitol at Rome. 
 
 Eastern States, The. Maine, Ver- 
 mont, New Hampshire, Massachu- 
 setts, Rhode Island, and Connecti- 
 cut. 
 
 Ecce Homo. (Behold the man.) A 
 famous painting by Corregio repre- 
 senting the Savior crowned with 
 thorns. 
 
 Ecole Poly technique. (Polytechnic 
 School.) A Parisian school whose 
 graduates are given places in the 
 public service. 
 
 El Dorado. (The Golden.) General 
 name for wealthy country. 
 
 Elephant, Seeing the. Seeing the 
 world; "life." 
 
 Elgin Marbles. A collection of 
 Greek sculptures (mainly from the 
 Athenian Parthenon), made by 
 Lord Elgin ; now in British Museum. 
 
 Escorial, The. Granite palace and 
 mausoleum near Madrid. 
 
 Eternal City, The. Rome. 
 
 Eulenspiegel, Tyl. Hero of a Ger- 
 man story ; a vagrant Brunswicker 
 who cuts up all sorts of pranks. 
 
 Eureka. (I have found it.) A say- 
 ing attributed to the Archimedes 
 when he discovered the way to test 
 the purity of Hiero's crown. 
 
 Evangelists, Symbols of the. 
 Matthew has a scroll before him 
 and holds a pen. Maek sits writing, 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 with a winged lion by his side. 
 Luke has a pen and scroll ; near 
 him is an ox. John is a young man 
 behind whom is an eagle. 
 
 Exclusion, Bill of. A bill which 
 passed the English Commons in 
 1679, proposing to exclude the Duke 
 of York (afterwards James II.) 
 from the throne, because he was a 
 Roman Catholic. 
 
 Expounder of the Constitution, 
 The. Daniel Webster. 
 
 Fabian Policy. A policy of delay, 
 such as was pursued by Q. Fabius 
 Maximus, called Cunctator, "The 
 Delayer." 
 
 Fabius, The American. George 
 Washington. 
 
 Faery Queen. A rhymed romance 
 of Edmund Spenser. 
 
 Fairmount Park, in Philadelphia, 
 contains nearly 3,000 acres. It was 
 the site of the Centennial Exhibition 
 of 1876. 
 
 Faineants, Les Rois. (Do-nothing 
 
 . Kings.) Nicknames of the last kings 
 of the Merovingian dynasty in 
 France. 
 
 Falernian. A celebrated ancient 
 Italian wine grown at Falernum. 
 
 Faneuil Hall, in Boston, Mass., first 
 built in 1742. Revolutionary ora- 
 tors frequently addressed public 
 meetings in it. 
 
 Farmer George. George III. of 
 England ; so called from his bluff 
 manners, thriftiness, and love of 
 agriculture. 
 
 Fata Morgana. A mirage observed 
 in the Straits of Messina. 
 
 Father of his Country. George 
 Washington. 
 
 Fathers of the Latin Church. 
 Ambrose, of Milan ; Augustine, St. 
 Bernard, Hilary, Jercme, Lactan- 
 tius. 
 
 Faubourg, St. Antoine. The part 
 of Paris in which the workingmen 
 live. Once the scene of many in- 
 surrections and riots. 
 
 Faubourg St. Germain. The aris- 
 tocratic residence quarter of Paris, 
 where are the houses of the old no- 
 bility. 
 
 Fenians. A society of Irishmen or- 
 ganized in the United States in 1865 
 to make Ireland a republic. 
 
 Field of the Cloth of Gold. Plain 
 in France where Francis I. met 
 Henry VIII. ; so called from the 
 magnificent display made. 
 
 Fifth Avenue. A celebrated resi- 
 dence street in New York city. 
 
 Fighting Joe. The American gen- 
 eral Joseph Hooker. 
 
 First Gentleman in Europe. 
 George IV. of England. 
 
 Five Points. A locality in New 
 York once famous as the abode of 
 poverty and crime; now greatly 
 changed. 
 
 Flagellants. Religious fanatics of 
 the thirteenth century, who went 
 about naked and scourging them- 
 selves. 
 
 Fleet, The. A famous London 
 prison, taken down in 1845. 
 
 Flowery Kingdom, The. China, 
 where flowers are abundant. 
 
 Flying Dutchman. A spectre ship 
 seen, in bad weather, about the Cape 
 of Good Hope; supposed to presage 
 bad luck. 
 
 Fort Sumter. In the harbor of 
 Charleston, S. C. Here was done 
 the first fighting in the late Civil 
 War of the United States. 
 
 Fourierism. A system of commu- 
 nism proposed by Charles Fourier. 
 The world was to be divided into 
 "phalansteries" of 400 families, who 
 were to live and work in common. 
 
 Freshman. A student in his first 
 year at college. 
 
 Funk, Peter. A mock auction ; a 
 person employed at auction sales in 
 making bids in collusion with the 
 owner of the property to be sold. 
 
 Gadshill, near Rochester, in Kent, 
 England ; famous for Falstaff's high- 
 way robbery. Charles Dickens lived 
 there. 
 
 Genre Painting. One representing 
 domestic rural ordinary scenes. 
 
 George, St., and the Dragon. St. 
 George, the patron saint of England, 
 is said to have slain in Libya a huge 
 dragon, to which every day a virgin 
 was offered up. 
 
 Gerrymander. To so apportion, 
 geographically, legislative, congres- 
 sional, or other electoral districts, 
 as to give an unfair preponderance 
 to some one political party. Started 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 in Massachusetts, and named after 
 Elbridge Gerry, then governor of the 
 State. 
 
 Ghetto. The quarter in Rome to 
 which the Jews were formerly re- 
 stricted. Also in many other Euro- 
 pean cities. 
 
 Ghibelline. In the Middle Ages an 
 adherent of the Holy Roman Empire 
 against the Papacy. 
 
 Girondists; The Gironde. In the 
 French Revolution the party of 
 moderate "constitutional" Republi- 
 cans. 
 
 Glencoe. A pass in Argyleshire, 
 Scotland. Here, Feb. 13, 1691, oc- 
 curred the famous massacre of Glen- 
 coe, in which 38 of the McDonalds 
 were murdered by 120 soldiers under 
 Capt. Campbell. ' 
 
 Gobelins. A tapestry and carpet 
 manufactory at Paris, founded about 
 1515 by J. Gobelin, a dyer. 
 
 Godiva, Lady. Wife of Leofric, 
 Earl of Mercia, who offered to remit 
 certain exactions to his tenants if 
 she would ride naked through the 
 streets of Coventry. She did so, 
 everybody keeping indoors except 
 one "Peeping Tom," who was struck 
 blind for peeping at her. 
 
 Golconda. A locality in India con- 
 taining some rich diamond mines. 
 
 Golden Age. An age of innocence 
 and prosperity. The palmy time of 
 a nation or a literature. 
 
 Golden Gate. The entrance to the 
 harbor of San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Golden Horn. The estuary of the 
 Bosphorus, upon whose banks Con- 
 stantinople is built. 
 
 Golden House. Palace of gold built 
 by Nero in Rome. 
 
 Gordian Knot. A vexed question, 
 an obstacle. Gordius, a Phrygian 
 peasant, when chosen king, conse- 
 crated his wagon to Jupiter, tying 
 the yoke and beam together so that 
 it could not be untied, till Alexan- 
 der, hearing that the untier of the 
 knot should rule over all the East, 
 cut the knot with his sword. 
 
 Gordon Riots, The. In 1780, at 
 London, under Lord George Gordon, 
 a weak-minded nobleman, to force 
 the repeal of the bill passed by the 
 House of Commons to relieve the 
 Roman Catholics. 
 
 Gotham. A name sometimes applied 
 to New York city. 
 
 Gotham, The Wise Men of, were 
 noted for their folly. Gotham was 
 an English village. 
 
 Great Commoner, The. William 
 Pitt. 
 
 Great Duke, The. The Duke of 
 Wellington. 
 
 Great Eastern. A great steamship, 
 the largest vessel ever launched. 
 She was made to carry 1,000 passen- 
 gers and 5,000 tons of cargo. Since 
 1864 only used in laying cables. 
 
 Great Pyramid, The. At Gheezeh, 
 Egypt, was built about 3100 b. c. 
 It is 484 feet high, and contains 
 577,600 square feet. 
 
 Greenbacks. United States Treasury 
 notes ; so called from their color. 
 
 Green Isle, The. Ireland, from the 
 greenness of its vegetation; also 
 called the Emerald Isle. 
 
 Greenwood. A cemetery in Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y. ; largest in America. 
 
 Gregorian Year. The year as re- 
 formed by Gregory XIIL, in 1582. 
 He took away 10 days. 
 
 Gretna Green. A Scotch village, 
 once a famous place for runaway 
 matches. A declaration before wit- 
 nesses of an intention to marry was 
 formerly sufficient to make a valid 
 marriage in Scotland. 
 
 Grub Street. A London street, once 
 noted for literary hacks. 
 
 Guelphs. In mediaeval Europe the 
 adherents of the Papacy as against 
 the Holy Roman Empire. 
 
 Guildhall. The London Town Hall ; 
 the hall of the guilds. 
 
 Gunner's Daughter, Kissing the. 
 To be flogged. Boys in the English 
 navy, before being flogged, are tied 
 to a gun breech. 
 
 Gunpowder Plot, The. A plot to 
 blow up the English Parliament in 
 its House, Nov. 5, 1605, with gun- 
 powder. Catesby conceived the 
 scheme, which was to have been car- 
 ried out by Guy Fawkes. 
 
 Gyges* Ring. A ring which made 
 the wearer invisible. Gyges, a 
 Lydian, found in a brazen horse, in 
 a cavern, a man's corpse, from the 
 finger of which he took a brazen ring 
 which made him invisible. With 
 this ring he went into the chamber 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 of the King of Lydia, whom he mur- 
 dered and succeeded. 
 
 Habeas Corpus Act, The. Passed 
 in the time of Charles II., provides 
 that the body of an accused person 
 must be brought (if he insist) be- 
 fore a judge, and the reason of his 
 confinement stated. The judge will 
 then determine whether or not to 
 admit the accused to bail. The guilt 
 of an accused person is to be finally 
 decided by a jury. 
 
 Halcyon Days. A period of happi- 
 ness. The halcyon (kingfisher) was 
 thought by the ancients to lay its 
 eggs, and brood for 14 days preced- 
 ing the winter solstice, on the sur- 
 face of the ocean, which was always 
 calm during this time. 
 
 Handicap. In horse-racing, assign- 
 ing different weights to horses of 
 different speed, age, etc., so they 
 may run with an equal chance. So 
 called from an ancient game of 
 cards. 
 
 Hansard. The debates of the British 
 Parliament, which are printed by a 
 firm named Hansard. 
 
 Hanseatic League. A union of a 
 number of maritime towns in North- 
 ern Germany for purpose of trade 
 and mutual safety. Founded in the 
 thirteenth century. Their triennial 
 legislature was called hansa. 
 
 Hanse Towns. The North German 
 seaboard cities which once consti- 
 tuted the Hanseatic League. 
 
 Hare, Mad as a March. The hare 
 is excessively wild in March. 
 
 Harpies. Creatures with a woman's 
 head and breasts, and the rest of 
 the body like vultures, ~ hungry and 
 emitting a terrible stench. 
 
 Hari-Kari (happy dispatch). Jap- 
 anese official suicide. Civil officials 
 ordered by the government to dis- 
 patch themselves, rip out their bow- 
 els with two cross-gashes. 
 
 Harvest Moon. The full moon at or 
 nearest to the fall equinox ; rises for 
 a number of days about sunset. 
 
 Heathen Chinee. A nickname of 
 the Chinese in America. 
 
 Heidelberg Castle. A ruined pal- 
 ace-fortress near Heidelberg, Ger- 
 many. 
 
 Heel-tap. "No heel-taps ;" i. e.. 
 
 drain the glass to the bottom. A 
 heel-tap is a shoe-peg stuck in the 
 heel, but taken out when the shoe is 
 done. 
 
 Hegira. The date of Mahomet's 
 flight from Mecca, July 16, 622. 
 The Mahommedan epoch begins with 
 it. 
 
 High Church. That section of the 
 English clergy which maintains the 
 apostolic descent of the clergy, and 
 absolution by priests. 
 
 High Seas, The. The sea beyond 
 three miles from the coast. 
 
 History, The Father of. The Greek 
 historian, Herodotus. 
 
 Hob-and-Nob. To touch glasses to- 
 gether in drinking ; to talk confiden- 
 tially to. A hob, at the corner of 
 the hearth, was to heat the water or 
 spirit. A nob is a small table. 
 
 Hobson's Choice. What is offered, 
 or nothing. It is said that Tobias 
 Hobson, an English stable-keeper, 
 whenever a customer came to hire a 
 horse, made him take the horse near- 
 est the stable door. 
 
 Holborn. A London street by which 
 criminals used to be carried out to 
 execution at Tyburn. 
 
 Holy Alliance, formed in 1816 by 
 Austria, Prussia, and Russia. 
 
 Holy Family, The. The name of 
 many mediaeval pictures represent- 
 ing the infant Jesus, Joseph, the 
 Virgin, John the Baptist, Anna, and 
 Elizabeth. Perhaps the most cele- 
 brated are by Michael Angelo, at 
 Florence; by Rubens, at Florence; 
 by Raphael, in London ; and by 
 Leonardo da Vinci, in the Louvre. 
 
 Holy Land, The. Palestine, as the 
 birthplace of Christ. 
 
 Holy League, The. The alliance of 
 Pope Julius II., France, Germany, 
 Spain, and some of the Italian "Re- 
 publics in 1508, against Venice. 
 
 Honi soit qui mal y pense. ( Shame 
 to him who evil thinks.) Motto of 
 the Order of the Garter. At a ball 
 given by Edward III. of England, 
 the Countess of Salisbury's blue gar- 
 ter came off accidentally. The King 
 picked it up, made the remark quoted 
 above, and fixed it round his own 
 knee. This led to his instituting 
 the Order of the Garter. 
 
 Honors of War. Allowing a sur- 
 rendered enemy to keep his arms. 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 Hotel de Rambouillet. A Paris 
 palace, the resort of wits, literary 
 ladies, etc., in the seventeenth cen- 
 tury. Ridiculed by Moliere. 
 
 Hotel de Ville. The City Hall of 
 French and Belgian cities. 
 
 Houris, in the Koran, black-eyed, 
 beautiful virgins of Paradise; 72 
 are allotted to each believer. 
 
 Humble Pie, To eat. To make sub- 
 mission. From umoles, the entrails 
 and other inferior portions of the 
 deer. 
 
 Hundred Days, The, from March 
 20, 1815, when Napoleon escaped 
 from Elba, to June 22, 1815, when 
 he abdicated. 
 
 Iconoclast (Image-breaker). A rad- 
 ical reformer ; so called from the 
 eighth century reformers who ob- 
 jected to and threw down statues, 
 pictures, etc., in churches. 
 
 Iliad. The story of the siege of Troy 
 by the Greeks, a Greek epic poem, 
 by Homer. 
 
 Immaculate Conception. The dog- 
 ma of the Catholic Church that the 
 Virgin Mary was conceived without 
 original sin. 
 
 Independence, Declaration of, is- 
 sued July 4, 1776, asserting the in- 
 dependence of the American Colonies 
 of Great Britain. 
 
 Independence Hall, in Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. ; the meeting-place of the 
 Continental Congress, where the 
 Declaration of Independence was 
 adopted. 
 
 Index Expurgatorius. A list of 
 printed works, the reading of which 
 is prohibited by the Church of 
 Rome ; published annually. 
 
 Inns of Court. The four London 
 law societies which have the sole 
 right of admitting candidates to the 
 bar. They are Geay's Inn, Lin- 
 coln's Inn, the Inner Temple, and 
 the Middle Temple. 
 
 Inquisition (An inquiry into.) A 
 tribunal to inquire into transgres- 
 sions against the Roman Catholic 
 Church. 
 
 Irish Agitator, The. Daniel O'Con- 
 nell. 
 
 Iron City, The. Pittsburg, Pa., 
 celebrated for its iron industries. 
 
 Iron Duke, The. The Duke of Wel- 
 lington. 
 Iron Mask, The Man in the. A 
 
 mysterious French state prisoner. 
 
 Jack Ketch. The hangman ; the 
 name of an English hangman. 
 
 Jack Robinson. Before you can 
 say Jack Robinson, meaning at 
 once. Halliwell notes the deriva- 
 tion "Jack, Robes on" from an old 
 play. According to Grose, one Jack 
 Robinson was noted for the short- 
 ness of his visits ; the servants had 
 hardly time to repeat Jack Robin- 
 son, before he would leave. (Very 
 doubtful.) _ 
 
 Jack the Giant-Killer. A nursery 
 hero, who has an invincible sword, 
 a cap of # wisdom, shoes of swiftness, 
 and an invisible coat. 
 
 Jack, the American, or Union* 
 The blue ground of the American 
 flag with the stars, but without the 
 stripes. 
 
 Jacobins. A famous political club 
 in the French Revolution. It met 
 at a convent of the Jacobins (Do- 
 minicans). 
 
 Jacobites. Adherents of James II. 
 of England, and the Stuarts, his 
 descendants ; from Jacobus ( James ) . 
 
 Jardin des Plantes. Botanical and 
 zoological garden in Paris. 
 
 Jardin Mabille. A once famous 
 garden in Paris ; the home of the 
 can-can. Pleasure resort of the 
 demi-monde. Shut up in 1882. 
 
 Jericho, Gone to. Disappeared, 
 ruined. Henry VIII. had a manor 
 called Jericho. When he went there 
 to visit some of his mistresses it 
 used to be said of him, "He has gone 
 to Jericho." (Very doubtful.) 
 
 Jerusalm Delivered. An Italian 
 epic poem by Torquato Tasso. 
 
 Jingo; Jingoism. Expressions 
 which arose during the ministry of 
 Lord Beaconsfield, 1874-1880. Ap- 
 plied to those who wished England 
 to take an aggressive foreign policy. 
 It originated in a music-hall song. 
 
 Joan, Pope. A pretended female 
 Pope who was said to have suc- 
 ceeded Leo IV. The falsity of the 
 legend has been shown. 
 
 John Bull. Nickname for an Eng- 
 lishman ; England. A choleric, 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 plethoric, bull-headed, well-meaning 
 fellow. 
 
 John Chinaman. Nickname for the 
 •Chinese in America. 
 
 Johnny Reh. Nickname of South- 
 erners in American Civil War. 
 
 Jubilee, Year of. Among the Jews 
 came every 50th year ; all debts 
 were considered to be paid, and land 
 reverted to its original owners. In 
 the Catholic Church it comes once 
 in every 25 years. 
 
 Juggernaut. A Hindoo god who has 
 a famous temple in India. 
 
 Julian Era, The, begins 46 B. C, 
 when Csesar reformed the calendar. 
 
 Junius, Letters of. A celebrated 
 series of political letters signed 
 "Junius," written in the reign of 
 George III., of doubtful authorship. 
 
 K 
 
 Kansas, Bleeding. So called on 
 account of the fierce struggles be- 
 tween its anti-slavery and pro- 
 slavery settlers. * 
 
 Kensington Gardens. A great 
 London pleasure ground adjoining 
 Kensington Palace (where Queen 
 Victoria was born). 
 
 Kilkenny Cats, The, fought in a 
 saw-pit till only their tails remained. 
 
 King can do no wrong, The. 
 Meaning he is not responsible, but 
 his ministers are, for mistakes in 
 administration. 
 
 King of Yvetot. A "good, little 
 king." A pretentious person. _ The 
 holders of the little seigneurie of 
 Yvetot, had the title of king. 
 
 King Cole. A legendary British 
 king, who "loved his pipe and bowl." 
 
 King Cotton. Cotton, the great 
 product of the Southern States, was 
 so called before the Civil War. 
 
 King's Evil. The scrofula. It was 
 an ancient notion that the touch of 
 a sovereign could heal scrofula. 
 Doctor Johnson was the last Eng- 
 lishman "touched" for scrofula. 
 
 King Log. An ineffectual, do-noth- 
 ing ruler. Jupiter, in answer to the 
 prayer of the frogs for a king, gave 
 them a log. 
 
 King-Maker, The. Richard Neville, 
 the great Earl of Warwick, who set 
 up and deposed English kings in the 
 15th century. 
 
 King Stork. A tyrant. The frogs, 
 
 dissatisfied with the let-alone policy 
 of King Log, prayed for a new king, 
 whereupon Jupiter sent them the 
 Stork, who devoured them miscel- 
 laneously. 
 
 Kit Kat Club, The. A famous Lon- 
 don Club, founded in 1688, at the 
 shop of one Christopher Katt, pas- 
 try-cook. Among the members were 
 Addison, Congreve, Halifax, the 
 Duke of Marlborough, Steele, and 
 Vanbrugh. 
 
 Knickerbocker. A member of an 
 "old" New York family ; especially 
 persons descended from the original 
 Dutch settlers. 
 
 Knights of Malta. Also called 
 Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusa- 
 lem. A once powerful association. 
 The original knights had charge of 
 a church and hospital at Jerusalem 
 consecrated to St. John. Thence 
 they moved to Rhodes, and in 1523 
 to Malta. 
 
 Know Nothings. Political party in 
 the United States insisting that no- 
 body but "native Americans should 
 hold office." Sprang up suddenly 
 about 1853, and (after carrying a 
 few State elections) disappeared. 
 
 Kohinoor (Mountain of Light). A 
 diamond from the mines of Golcon- 
 da, India. When found (1550) it 
 weighed 793 carats ; the present 
 weight is 106 1-16. It came into 
 the possession of Queen Victoria in 
 1850. Estimated value, $625,000, 
 or £125,000. 
 
 Koran or Alkoran. (The Read- 
 ing.) The Mahommedan Bible. 
 
 Kremlin. A quarter in Moscow, 
 Russia, in which are several palaces, 
 cathedrals, towers, etc. 
 
 Labyrinth, The. A celebrated struc- 
 ture of ancient Egypt. A maze of 
 difficulties, so called from an inex- 
 tricable series of winding passages, 
 constructed by Minos, King of 
 Crete. 
 
 Laconic. Brief, from Laconia, an- 
 other name for Sparta ; the Spar- 
 tans cultivated curtness of speech. 
 
 Lacrymse Christi. Italian wine 
 grown about Mount Vesuvius. 
 
 Lake School, The. The poetry of 
 Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Southey, 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 who lived in the Lake district of 
 England. 
 
 Land of Bondage. Egypt, so called 
 by the Jews. 
 
 Land of Cakes. Scotland, famous 
 for its oatmeal cakes. 
 
 Land of Nod. Popular phrase for 
 sleep. 
 
 Land of Promise, or Promised 
 Land. Among the Jews, Canaan, 
 which God promised to Abraham. 
 
 Lang Syne, is Scotch for long since. 
 The famous song Auld Lang Syne is 
 generally credited to Robert Burns, 
 who said he took this song down 
 from an old man's singing. 
 
 Langue d'Oc. (Language of Yes.) 
 Provencal, formerly the language of 
 southern France. 
 
 Langue d'Oil. (Language of Yes.) 
 French, in distinction from Pro- 
 vencal. 
 
 Laocoon. A statue in the Belvedere 
 of the Vatican representing the death 
 of Laocoon, strangled to death (with 
 his sons) by serpents. 
 
 Laodicean. "Luke-warm," in reli- 
 gious matters. See Rev. iii. 14-18. 
 
 Lares and Penates. The household 
 gods of the Romans. 
 
 Last Judgment. The subject of 
 many mediaeval paintings. The most 
 famous is the fresco by Michael An- 
 gelo, in the Sistine Chapel in the 
 Vatican. There is a fresco of it in the 
 Campo Santo, at Pisa, supposed to 
 be the work of Orcagna ; and a pic- 
 ture on this subject by Luca Sig- 
 norelli, in Orvieto Cathedral, is con- 
 sidered his master-piece. 
 
 Last Supper, The, is the subject of 
 many mediaeval paintings, of which 
 the most famous is Leonardo da 
 Vinci's, at Milan. Next is Andrea 
 del Sarto's in the Salvi convent, 
 near Florence. 
 
 Lateran Palace, The, at Rome, was 
 the residence of the Popes till late 
 in the 14th century. 
 
 Laughing Philosopher, The. De- 
 mocritus of Abdera. 
 
 Leaning Tower, The, at Pisa, 
 Italy; leans about 13 feet from the 
 perpendicular ; 178 ft. high ; 50 ft. 
 in diameter. 
 
 Learned Blacksmith, The. Elihu 
 Burritt, an American writer and 
 linguist, originally a blacksmith. 
 
 Leonine Verses. Verses in which 
 end and middle words rhyme. 
 
 Libby Prison. A famous Confeder- 
 ate prison of war at Richmond, Va., 
 during the Civil War of the United 
 States. 
 
 Lilliput. A region inhabited by pig- 
 mies, in Gulliver's Travels. 
 
 Lingua Franca. A corrupt Italian- 
 French spoken along the Mediter- 
 ranean. 
 
 Lion and Unicorn, on the British 
 royal arms. The lion is English ; 
 the unicorn, Scotch. Added in 1603. 
 
 Lion of the North. Gustavus Adol- 
 phus of Sweden. 
 
 Lion's Share. All or most. The 
 lion, in iEsop, hunts with some oth- 
 er beasts. In dividing the spoils he 
 ^claims four quarters. 
 
 Little Corporal. Napoleon I., from 
 his shortness of stature. 
 
 Little Giant. Stephen A. Douglas, 
 who was of small stature. 
 
 Lloyds. Rooms in London, resorted 
 to by bankers and brokers. 
 
 Lombard Street. The great financial 
 street of London. 
 
 Lone Star State, The. Texas, whose 
 flag bears a single star. 
 
 Long Parliament, The. Sat from 
 Nov. 3, 1640, till April 20, 1653. 
 
 Lorelei. A water spirit who enticed 
 sailors till they were dashed to 
 pieces by the rapids around the 
 high rocks called Lorelei, on the 
 Rhine. 
 
 Lotus Eaters, The. A people in 
 Homer's Odyssey who ate the lotus 
 tree, which made them forget home, 
 and only wish "to live at ease." 
 
 Louvre. A palace in Paris filled 
 with works or art. 
 
 Low Church. That section of the 
 English Church which lays little or 
 no stress on ceremonies and is ex- 
 tremely "evangelical." 
 
 Lusiad. A Portuguese epic by Cam- 
 oens, recounts the adventures of the 
 Lusians (Portuguese) under Vasco 
 de Gama, the first to sail to India. 
 
 Lynch Law. Hanging by a mob ; its 
 judgments are pronounced by "Judge 
 Lynch." Said to be derived from a 
 Virginian named Lynch, who acted 
 as a judge in the 17th century, by 
 appointment of his neighbors. Ac- 
 cording to others, derived from an 
 Irish James Lynch, Warden of Gal- 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 way, who sentenced his own son to 
 death for murder. 
 
 M 
 
 Mab, Queen. "The fairies' mid- 
 wife," i. e., employed by the fairies 
 as midwife of dreams (to deliver 
 man's brain of dreams). 
 
 Macadamize. To pave a street with 
 broken stones; so called from Sir 
 John Macadam, who invented that 
 system of paving. 
 
 Macaronic Verse. Ludicrous verses 
 consisting of words from different 
 languages mixed. 
 
 Machiavellism. Political or diplo- 
 matic trickery ; so called from Nich- 
 olas Macchiavelli, author of a polit- 
 ical treatise called The Prince. m 
 
 Madame Tussaud's Exhibition. 
 An exhibition in London of wax- 
 work figures, many being modelled 
 from life. - . 
 
 Mad Poet, The. Nathaniel Lee, the 
 insane English dramatist. 
 
 Madman of Macedonia, The. 
 Alexander the Great. 
 
 Madman of the North. Charles 
 XII. of Sweden. . 
 
 Madonna. (My Lady.) The Virgin 
 Mary- Of the immense number ot 
 pictures on this subject, we mention 
 the Sistine Madonna, by Raphael, 
 and the Madonna di San Georgio, by 
 Correggio, at Dresden ; and the Ma- 
 donna della Seggiola, by Raphael, 
 in the Pitti Palace, Florence. 
 
 Maecenas. A friend and patron of 
 literary men. Caius Cilnius Maece- 
 nas, a Roman general and states- 
 man, friend of Augustus, was a lib- 
 eral patron of literary men, espe- 
 cially Horace and Virgil. 
 
 Magna Charta. (Great charter.) 
 The charter securing the liberty (or 
 at least fair trial) of English sub- 
 jects ; granted by King John. 
 
 Mahomet's Coffin, was said to be 
 hung in mid-air at Medina. 
 
 Maid of Orleans, The. Joan of 
 Arc (Jeanne Dare). 
 
 Maid of Saragossa. Augustina 
 Zaragoza, famous for her valor dur- 
 ing the siege of Saragossa, in Spain, 
 by the French (1808-1809). 
 
 Maiden Qneen, The. Queen Eliza- 
 beth of England. 
 Maine Law. A prohibitory liquor 
 law first adopted in Maine. 
 
 Malthusian Doctrine, The. So 
 
 called from the English economist 
 Malthus, who claimed that popula- 
 tion increases faster than the means 
 of living ; so that, unless population 
 is checked, either a part of it must 
 starve to death, or the whole of it 
 be insufficiently fed. 
 
 Mammoth Cave, near Green River, 
 Ky., is the largest in the world. 
 
 Man in the Moon, The, is the man 
 who picked up sticks on the Sab- 
 bath. Numbers, xv. 32-36; another 
 legend says he is Cain. 
 
 Man of Destiny, The. Napoleon 
 Bonaparte. 
 
 Man of Iron, The. Bismarck. 
 
 Man of Straw. An irresponsible 
 person. Professional false witnesses 
 or givers of "straw bail" in the 
 English courts are said to have 
 worn a straw in their shoes as a 
 professional sign. 
 
 Mare's Nest, To find a. To find 
 something which seems of impor- 
 tance, but doesn't amount to any- 
 thing. The nightmare was thought 
 to be a vampire which guarded 
 treasures in its secret nest. 
 
 Marriage a la Mode. ("Fashion- 
 able Marriage.") A series of six 
 satirical pictures by William Ho- 
 garth. 
 
 Marseillaise. A famous French 
 Revolutionary song, now the French 
 national air. Composed by Rouget 
 de Lisle. 
 
 Martinet. A rigid disciplinarian, so 
 called from M. de Martinet, a 
 French infantry tactician in the 
 17th century. 
 
 Mason and Dixon's Line. So 
 called because run by two English 
 surveyors, Charles Mason and Jere- 
 miah Dixon, 1763-1767. It was 39° 
 43' 26" north latitude, being the 
 northern boundary of the then Slave 
 States, dividing Pennsylvania from 
 Maryland and Virginia. 
 
 Mausoleum. The marble monument 
 built by Artemisia, queen of Caria, 
 to her husband, Mausolus ; one of 
 the seven wonders of the world. 
 
 Mayfair. An aristocratic region in 
 London. 
 
 Mayflower, The. The vessel in 
 which the founders of the Plymouth 
 Colony, in Massachusetts, sailed 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 from Southampton, England, in 
 1620. 
 
 Medicine, The Father of. Hip- 
 pocrates of Cos. 
 
 Merlin. A celebrated enchanter in 
 the Arthurian legends. 
 
 Mermaid. A sea nymph with a 
 fish's tail. 
 
 Merry Andrew-. A buffoon; so 
 called from Andrew Borde, the 
 eccentric physician of Henry VIII. 
 
 Merry England. A common desig- 
 nation of England ; in the old sense 
 of the word merry, meaning pleas- 
 ant, agreeable. 
 
 Merry Monarch, The. Charles II. 
 of England. 
 
 Mesmerism, is named after the Ger- 
 man physician, Mesmer. 
 
 Mezzo Relievo. (Middle Relief.) 
 Figures cut in stone, etc., which 
 project from the tablet more than 
 figures in Basso-Relievo, and less 
 than figures in Alto-Relievo. 
 
 Middle Ages, The. The period be- 
 tween the destruction of the Ro- 
 man Empire and the revival of 
 learning in Italy, from 476-1500. 
 
 Middle States, The. New York, 
 Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and 
 Delaware. 
 
 Minnesingers. (Love-singers.) The 
 German lyric poets of the 12th and 
 13th centuries. 
 
 Miserere. (Pity.) The 51st psalm ; 
 a penitential psalm. 
 
 Mississippi Bubble, The. See 
 South Sea Scheme. 
 
 Missouri Compromise, The, pro- 
 hibited slavery north of 36° 30' 
 north. 
 
 Mistress of the Seas. England. 
 
 Molly Maguires. A secret society 
 in the United States ; many crimes 
 were attributed to it, especially in 
 Pennsylvania, in the coal regions 
 of which State it is still active. 
 
 Monarque, Le Grand. (The Great 
 Monarch.) Louis XIV. of France. 
 
 Monroe Doctrine. The United 
 States is not to meddle in European 
 affairs, nor to allow European gov- 
 ernments to meddle in the affairs of 
 the American continent. European 
 forms of government not to be per- 
 mitted in North America. This doc- 
 trine really belongs, not to Presi- 
 dent Monroe, but to Adams, his Sec- 
 retary of State. 
 
 Mont de Piete ("Mountain of 
 Piety"). A pawnbroker's shop; in 
 particular the famous Paris pawn- 
 broking establishment. 
 
 Montmartre. A Parisian cemetery. 
 
 Monumental City, The. Balti- 
 more, Md., so called from the num- 
 ber of its public monuments. 
 
 Morey Letter, The. A forged let- 
 ter (1880) attributing anti-Chinese 
 sentiments to Gen. Garfield. 
 
 Morganatic Marriage. The mar- 
 riage of a person of high rank to a 
 woman of inferior rank, who does 
 not take her husband's title. 
 
 Mother of Presidents. Virginia ; 
 six Virginians have been President 
 of the United States. 
 
 Mother Carey's Chickens. Stormy 
 petrels. Mother Carey is said to be 
 Mater Cara ("Dear Mother"), i. e., 
 The Virgin Mary. 
 
 Mother Goose, nursery rhymer, lived 
 in Boston ; sang her rhymes to her 
 grandson, Thomas Fleet, who 
 printed them in 1719. 
 
 Mount Vernon. The home of Wash- 
 ington in Virginia. 
 
 Muscular Christianity. Healthy 
 religion, "a sound mind in a sound 
 body." The phrase originated with 
 Charles Kingsley. 
 
 Music of the Spheres. According 
 to Plato each planet has a siren who 
 sings a song harmonizing with the 
 motion of her own planet, and also 
 with the other planets. 
 
 N 
 
 Namby-Pamby. Wishy-washy, child* 
 ish. A name given by Pope to cer- 
 tain verses written by Ambrose 
 Philips for the children of Lord 
 Carteret ; a babyish way of pro- 
 nouncing Ambry (Ambrose) and 
 Philips. 
 
 Nantes, Edict of. Issued at Nantes, 
 France, in 1598, by Henry IV., 
 granting toleration to the Protestant 
 religion ; repealed by Louis XIV. 
 in 1685. 
 
 Nation of Shopkeepers. The Eng- 
 lish ; so called by Napoleon I. 
 
 Natural Bridge, The. A natural 
 arch 200 feet high spanning Cedar 
 Creek, near James River, Virginia. 
 
 Newgate. The oldest of the London 
 prisons. 
 
 New World* The Americas. 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 Nibelungen-Lied. A German epic 
 poem of the 13th century. 
 
 Nightmare of Europe, The. Na- 
 poleon Bonaparte. 
 
 Nine Worthies, The. David, 
 Joshua, Judas Maccabseus, Alex- 
 ander, Hector, Julius Caesar, Arthur, 
 Charlemagne, and Godfrey of Bouil- 
 lon. 
 
 Noctes Ambrosianae. (Ambrosian 
 nights.) The title of a celebrated 
 work by Prof. Wilson ("Christopher 
 North"). Lockhart and Wilson 
 used to frequent Ambrose's, an 
 Edinburgh tavern. 
 
 Noel. Christmas-day. From nou- 
 velles (news). 
 
 Nonconformists. Dissenters from 
 the Church of England. Originally 
 applied to the 2,000 clergymen who 
 left that Church in 1662, because 
 they would not conform with the 
 Act of Uniformity. 
 
 Northern Giant, The. Russia. 
 
 NStre Dame. The cathedral of 
 Paris. 
 
 Odyssey. Homer's narrative poem 
 dealing with the adventures of 
 Odysseus (Ulysses) on his voyage 
 from Troy to Ithaca. 
 
 Ogres. Giants who devour human 
 flesh. Said to come from the Ogurs, 
 a fierce Asiatic tribe. 
 
 Oi Polloi. (Hoi Polloi.) The many. 
 The mob. 
 
 Old Abe. Abraham Lincoln. 
 
 Old Bailey. A famous London crim- 
 inal court. 
 
 Old Dominion, The. Virginia. 
 
 Old Guard, The. Favorite regiment 
 of Napoleon I. The supporters of 
 Gen. Grant for the Presidency at the 
 Chicago Convention of 1880. 
 
 Old Hickory. A nickname of 
 Andrew Jackson. 
 
 Old Probabilities. A nickname for 
 the United States signal service. 
 
 Old Public Functionary. Presi- 
 dent James Buchanan. 
 
 Old South, The. A famous church 
 in Boston, Mass., connected with 
 many events in the Revolution. 
 
 Orangeman. A Protestant Irish- 
 man : from the Protestants espous- 
 ing the cause of William of Orange 
 (William III. of England). 
 
 Orange Peel. Sir Robert Peel, 
 from his anti-Catholic policy. 
 
 Ordinance of 1787. Passed in 
 1787 ; fixes the government of the 
 Northwest Territory of the United 
 States. 
 
 Orlando Furioso. An Italian epic 
 poem by Ariosto. 
 
 Ossian. Son of Fingal, a Scotch 
 bard. James McPherson published 
 in 1760 Ossian's Poems, which he 
 pretended to have translated from 
 Erse manuscripts. The work, how- 
 ever, is McPherson's own, the pre- 
 tended MSS. never having existed. 
 
 Ostend Manifesto. Issued during 
 Pierce's administration by Bu- 
 chanan, Mason, and Soul§, United 
 States Ministers to England, France, 
 and Spain respectively, declaring 
 that Cuba must belong to the United 
 States. 
 
 Ostracism, comes from the Greek 
 ostrakon, an oyster shell. The 
 Athenians expelled every dangerous 
 public man against whom a sufficient 
 number of votes (inscribed on 
 oyster shells) could be cast. 
 
 Palimpsest. A parchment in which 
 the original writing has been rubbed 
 out, and a new writing substituted. 
 
 Pall Mall. (Pell Mell.) A street 
 in London famous for its clubs. 
 
 Palladium. An object that insures 
 protection. The Palladium of Troy 
 was a statue of Pallas, believed to 
 have fallen from Heaven. 
 
 Pantheon. A circular building in 
 Rome built in the time of Augustus ; 
 now a church called the Rotonda. 
 
 Paradise Lost. Milton's great epic, 
 treating of the fall of man. 
 
 Paradise Regained, by Milton, 
 treats of the temptation and triumph 
 of Jesus. 
 
 Paris of America. Cincinnati. 
 
 Parthenon. A celebrated temple of 
 Athena (Minerva) on the Acropolis, 
 Athens ; the noblest specimen of 
 Doric architecture. 
 
 Partington, Mrs. Famed for her 
 misuse of words. The invention of 
 the American, B. P. Shillaber. 
 
 Pasquinade. A sarcastic political 
 squib ; so called from Pasquino, a 
 sarcastic tailor. An antique statue 
 opposite Pasquino's house in Rome 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 is called Pasquino, and political 
 squibs are affixed to it. 
 
 Peeler. A policeman. So called 
 from Sir Robert Peel, the founder 
 of the Irish constabulary. 
 
 Peninsular War, The war of the 
 English against France in Spain 
 and Portugal, 1808-1812. 
 
 People's 'William. A nickname of 
 William E. Gladstone. 
 
 Pere-la-Chaise. A famous ceme- 
 tery near Paris. 
 
 Philippic. A severe invective; so 
 called from the orations of Demos- 
 thenes against Philip of Macedon. 
 
 Philistine. Narrow-minded person; 
 in common use in the German Uni- 
 versities to designate tradesmen, etc. 
 
 Philosopher's Stone, The. A sub- 
 stance for which the alchemists were 
 always searching; it was to turn 
 the other metals into gold. 
 
 Pleiad, The French. Seven 16th- 
 century poets, viz. : Ronsard, 
 Joachim du Bellay, Remi-Belleau, 
 Jodelle, Baif, Pontus de Thiard, 
 Dorat. 
 
 Plon Plon. A nickname of Prince 
 Napoleon J. C. Bonaparte. 
 
 Plumed Knight, The. Nickname 
 of J. G. Blaine, American states- 
 man. 
 
 Plymouth Rock. A rock at Plym- 
 outh, Mass., where the Pilgrims are 
 thought to have landed in 1620. 
 
 Poet's Corner. A corner in West- 
 minster Abbey where Chaucer, Spen- 
 ser, and other poets are buried. 
 Poetical column of newspapers. 
 
 Pons Asinorum. (The bridge of 
 asses.) The 5th proposition of the 
 1st Book of Euclid's Geometry ; diffi- 
 cult to dunces. 
 
 Poor Richard. Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 Porkopolis. The nickname of Cin- 
 cinnati. 
 
 Prater, The. The fashionable prom- 
 enade of Vienna, Austria. 
 
 Phoenix. A fabulous bird, said to 
 live 500 years, when it burns itself 
 on a nest of spices, and renews its 
 life 500 years more. 
 
 Pied Piper of Hamelin, The. He 
 was offered a reward to drive out 
 the rats and mice from Hamelin in 
 Westphalia ; which he did by draw- 
 ing them into the river by the sound 
 of his pipe. The authorities refus- 
 ing to pay him the reward, he pined 
 
 the children of the town into Kop- 
 pelberg Hill, where 130 of them died. 
 
 Pigeon English. English, Chinese, 
 and Portuguese mixed ; used in busi- 
 ness affairs in China. 
 
 Pre-Raphaelites. A name given to 
 the English school of artists, com- 
 prising Hunt, Millais, etc. 
 
 Protestant Duke, The. The Duke 
 of Monmouth, natural son of Charles 
 II. of England. 
 
 Puke. Nickname of a Missourian. 
 
 Pyramids. A number of remarkable 
 ancient buildings in Egypt. The 
 most famous are at Gheezeh. 
 
 Quaker City, The. Philadelphia, 
 Pa. 
 
 Quaker Poet, The. John G. Whit- 
 tier. 
 
 Quartier Latin. (The Latin Quar- 
 ter.) A region in Paris south of 
 the Seine, whose population consists 
 largely of students. 
 
 Queen of the Antilles. The island 
 of Cuba. 
 
 Railway King, The. George Hud- 
 son, an Englishman, who made an 
 immense fortune out of railway 
 speculations. 
 
 Red Letter Day. A fortunate day. 
 In old calendars the saints' days 
 were marked by a red letter. 
 
 Ranz des Vaches. The tunes 
 played by the Swiss mountaineers 
 on their horns while driving their 
 cattle to pasture. 
 
 Rebellion, The Great. The war 
 between Charles I. of England and 
 Parliament. 
 
 Rebellion, War of the. The Civil 
 War of the United States between 
 the Southern and Northern States, 
 1861-1865. 
 
 Red Tape. Official routine. Law 
 papers are tied with red tape. 
 
 Reign of Terror. The time in the 
 French Revolution from the over- 
 throw of the Girondists, May 31, 
 1793, to the overthrow of Robes- 
 pierre, July 27, 1794. 
 
 Reynard, the Fox. A beast epic 
 of the 14th century. 
 
 Rialto, The. A bridge over the 
 Grand Canal, Venice. 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 Rights, Declaration of. An in- 
 strument drawn up after the Eng- 
 lish Revolution of 1689, and ac- 
 cepted by William and Mary. It 
 summarizes the leading points of the 
 English Constitution. Annual Par- 
 liaments, trial by jury, free elec- 
 tions, and the right of petition are 
 secured. The crown is not to keep 
 a standing army or to levy taxes. 
 
 Roast, To rule the. To be at the 
 head. Roast means council. (Ger- 
 man rath.) 
 
 Robert the Devil (le Diable) . 
 First Duke of Normandy ; called 
 the Devil on account of his crimes. 
 
 Robin Goodf ellow. A mischievous 
 domestic spirit. 
 
 Roland, (A) for an Oliver. Tit 
 for tat. Roland and Oliver, two 
 of Charlemagne's peers, fought five 
 days without gaining the slightest 
 advantage over each other. 
 
 Romantic School. A term applied 
 to a number of German poets and 
 painters in the beginning of the 19th 
 century. They aimed at a truly na- 
 tional German literature, independ- 
 ent of French influence. 
 
 Romantic School, in France, the 
 poets and dramatists, of whom Vic- 
 tor Hugo was the last survivor. 
 They aimed at the natural in dis- 
 tinction from the classical, i. e., con- 
 ventional. 
 
 Roscius, The British. David Gar- 
 rick. 
 
 Rough and Ready. General Zach- 
 ary Taylor. 
 
 Round Robin. Petition with signa- 
 tures in a circular form. 
 
 Round Table, in the Arthurian 
 legends, was made by Merlin ; 
 Arthur's 150 knights of the Round 
 Table had seats at it. 
 
 Roundheads. The Puritans, who 
 wore short hair. 
 
 Royal Martyr, The. Charles I. of 
 England. 
 
 Royal Society, The. A society for 
 the advancement of natural science, 
 founded at London in 1645. 
 
 Rozinante. The horse of Don 
 Quixote ; hence a miserable nag. 
 
 Rubicon, To pass the. To take an 
 irretrievable step. The Rubicon 
 separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, 
 Caesar's province. When he crossed 
 he became an enemy of the Republic. 
 
 P. €3. 
 
 Rule Britannia. An English song, 
 the words of which are by Thomp- 
 son, author of The Seasons, and the 
 music is by Dr. Arne. 
 
 Rump Parliament. What was left 
 of Parliament in 1648, after Crom- 
 well had imprisoned and driven out 
 the others for refusing to condemn 
 Charles I. 
 
 Rye House Plot. A conspiracy in 
 1683 to assassinate Charles II. and 
 the Duke of York. The conspirators 
 met at Rye House Farm. 
 
 Sabbath Day's Journey. About 
 
 one mile. See Exodus xvi. 29. 
 
 Sack. To get the sack; to be dis- 
 charged. When the Sultan wants 
 to get rid of one of his harem, he 
 puts her in a sack, which is thrown 
 into the Bosphorus. 
 
 Sadducees. Jewish sect disbelieving 
 the resurrection of the dead. 
 
 Sagas. Scandinavian books contain- 
 ing the Northern mythology. 
 
 Sailor King, The. William IV.. of 
 England, entered the navy 1779. 
 
 Saint Bartholomew, Massacre of. 
 Massacre of the French Huguenots, 
 in the reign of Charles IX., on St. 
 Bartholomew's Day, Aug. 24-25, 
 1572. 
 
 Saint Cloud. Once a famous French 
 palace near the Seine ; destroyed in 
 the Franco-Prussian war. 
 
 Saint James, The Court of. The 
 English Court ; so called from the 
 palace of St. James, formerly a 
 royal residence in London. 
 
 St. Mark's. The famous cathedral 
 of Venice, Italy. 
 
 Saint Paul's. The cathedral of 
 London, designed by Wren. 
 
 Saint Peter's. The metropolitan 
 chur eh of Rome ; the most spJendid 
 in tbe world. Area, 240,000 square 
 feet. 
 
 Saint Sophia. A mosque in Con- 
 stantinople, Turkey ; the finest of 
 Mohfimmedan temples. 
 
 Saint Stephen's. A famous Gothic 
 cathedral at Vienna, Austria. 
 
 Salt River. Oblivion, ruin. Gone 
 up Salt River; forgotten. 
 
 Sambo. A general nickname for a 
 colored man ; the colored race. 
 
 Sanctum. (Holy.) One's private 
 room or office, as an editor's sane- 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 turn. The Sanctum Sanctorum 
 (holy of holies) in the Jewish Tem- 
 ple was inaccessible to any one but 
 the high priest. 
 
 Sandwich. A piece of meat between 
 two pieces of bread. The English 
 Earl of Sandwich used to take that 
 form of refreshment. 
 
 Sang Bleu. (Blue blood.) High, 
 aristocratic descent. 
 
 Sanhedrim. The Jewish court of 
 seventy elders. 
 
 Sans Culottes. (Without trousers.) 
 A nickname given by the Royalists 
 to the French Revolutionists. 
 
 Sans Souci. Palace of Frederick 
 the Great, at Potsdam, near Berlin. 
 
 Santa Croce. (Holy Cross.) A 
 church in Florence, Italy; the 
 burial-place of Michael Angelo, Gal- 
 ileo, Machiavelli, etc. 
 
 Satanic School. A name sometimes 
 applied to some modern writers, sup- 
 posed to entertain irreligious ideas, 
 such as Byron, Shelley, Victor 
 Hugo, Swinburne, Rousseau, George 
 Sand. 
 
 Saturnalia. A period of disorder 
 and debauch. The Romans kept the 
 Saturnalia, or feast of Saturn, Dec. 
 17, 18, and 19. 
 
 Schoolmen. The mediaeval theolo- 
 gians, whose lectures were delivered 
 in the cathedral schools. 
 
 Scotland Yard. The headquarters 
 of the London police. 
 
 Scourge of God, The. Atilla, king 
 of the Huns. 
 
 Scratch, Old. The Devil; from 
 Scrat, a Northern familiar demon. 
 
 Scylla. Avoiding Scylla, he fell into 
 Charybdis. In trying to avoid one 
 danger he fell into another. Scylla 
 and Charybdis were two opposite 
 rocks in the Straits of Messina, 
 Italy. 
 
 Sea-girt Isle, The. England, which 
 is surrounded by the ocean. 
 
 Secessia. Nickname of the seceding 
 Southern States, 1861-1865. 
 
 Secular Games. The games held by 
 the Romans once in a century. 
 
 Seltzer Water. Water from the 
 Lower Selters, Germany. 
 
 Semiramis of the North. Cathe- 
 rine II., Empress of Russia. 
 
 September Massacres. The mas- 
 sacre of the French Royalist pris- 
 
 oners in Paris, Sept. 2, 3, and 4, 
 1792. About 8,000 were killed. 
 
 Septuagint. A Greek version of the 
 Old Testament ; so called because 
 there were 70 (septuaginta) re- 
 visers. (There were really 72.) 
 
 Seven-hilled City, The. Rome, 
 which was built on seven hills. 
 
 Seven Wonders of the World. 
 The Pyramids of Egypt ; the Temple 
 of Diana at Ephesus ; the Hanging 
 Gardens of Babylon; the Colossus 
 at Rhodes ; the Mausoleum at Hali- 
 carnassus ; the statue of Zeus, by 
 Phidias, at Olympia ; and the Pharos 
 (lighthouse) of Alexandria in 
 Egypt. 
 
 Seven Years' War. The war of 
 Frederick the Great against Aus- 
 tria, France, and Russia, 1756-1763. 
 
 Shamrock. The national emblem of 
 Ireland, because St. Patrick proved 
 with it the doctrine of the Trinity. 
 
 Shibboleth, The password of a 
 secret society ; a countersign. When 
 the Ephraimites, who had been 
 routed by Jephthah, tried to pass 
 the Jordan, they were made to pro- 
 nounce the word Shibboleth; they 
 pronounced it Sibboleth, and were 
 thus detected. 
 
 Sick Man, The. The Ottoman Em- 
 pire ; so called by the Czar Nicholas 
 of Russia. 
 
 Sinews of War, The. Money, 
 which hires men to fight. 
 
 Single-Speech Hamilton. W. G. 
 Hamilton, an English statesman of 
 the 18th century, never made but 
 one speech ; the one he did make was 
 surprisingly eloquent. 
 
 Six Hundred, Charge of the. A 
 charge on the Russians by the Brit- 
 ish light cavalry, 670 strong, at the 
 battle of Balaclava, Oct. 25, 1854. 
 Result of a mistake as to orders. 
 See Tennyson's poem. 
 
 Sleeping Beauty, The, was shut by 
 enchantment in a castle ; after a 
 sleep of 100 years, she is rescued 
 by and marries a young prince. 
 
 Smell of the Lamp. A too labored 
 literary work. Pytheas first applied 
 the phrase to the orations of Demos- 
 thenes, who studied constantly in a 
 cave lighted by a lamp. 
 
 Song of Roland. An old French 
 epic recounting the deaths of Oliver 
 and Roland at Roncesvalles. 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 Sorbonne, The. A Parisian univer- 
 sity founded in the 13th century by 
 Robert de Sorbonne. Once famous 
 for theological discussions. 
 
 Sortes Biblicae. Telling one's 
 fortune by consulting the Bible. 
 The first passage touched at random 
 by the finger is the decisive passage. 
 
 South. Kensington Museum. A 
 collection of works of art, manu- 
 factures, etc., in London. 
 
 South Sea Bubble, The. About 
 1710 a company was formed in Eng- 
 land to pay the national debt, taking 
 in return the sole privilege of trad- 
 ing in the South Seas. The scheme 
 collapsed (about 1720), ruining 
 thousands of persons. 
 
 Spanish Main. The northern coast 
 of South America. 
 
 Sphinx. A monument near Cairo, 
 Egypt ; half woman, half lion ; an 
 emblem of silence and mystery. 
 
 Stabat Mater. A famous Latin 
 hymn on the crucifixion. 
 
 Stalwart. A follower of the Repub- 
 lican party in the United States, 
 who firmly adheres to the principles, 
 methods and rules of his party. In 
 contradistinction to the "Half- 
 Breeds," applied to Republicans un- 
 willing to be dictated to by the so- 
 called "Machine," meaning the po- 
 litical organization controlled by 
 party leaders. 
 
 Star Chamber. ' A former English 
 civil and criminal court with juris- 
 diction over offenses whose punish- 
 ment was not provided for by law. 
 
 "Stonewall" Jackson. Gen. 
 Thomas J. Jackson, a famous Con- 
 federate general in the late Civil 
 War of the United States. 
 
 Strassburg Cathedral. At Strass- 
 burg; one of the noblest works of 
 Gothic architecture ; 468 ft. high ; 
 containing a wonderful clock. 
 
 Swedish Nightingale. Jenny Lind 
 ( Mme. Goldschmidt ) . 
 
 Tabooed. Prohibited ; from a Poly- 
 nesian word meaning consecrated, 
 devoted. Applied to anything out 
 of date or in bad taste. 
 
 Tammany Hall. A section of the 
 Democratic party in New York 
 city ; Tammany Hall is the building 
 where they meet. 
 
 Tammany King (also called the 
 Tweed Ring, and, generally, the 
 Ring). A corrupt set of New York 
 city officials who stole large sums 
 from the city. They were exposed 
 in 1871. 
 
 Tammany, St. The patron saint of 
 the Democratic party in New York. 
 He was an Indian chief; how made 
 a saint, does not appear. The prin- 
 cipal officer of the Tammany So- 
 ciety is called Grand Sachem. 
 
 Tapis, On the. On the carpet; 
 proposed, in discussion. So called 
 from the tapis or cloth on the coun- 
 cil table, or speaker's table, on 
 which motions, bills, etc., are laid. 
 
 Temple Bar, in London, was a stone 
 house above which the heads of 
 traitors were formerly exposed. It 
 was removed in 1878. 
 
 Termagant. A shsew ; originally 
 the name of a Saracen god. The 
 word was formerly applied to both 
 sexes. 
 
 Terra Firma. Dry land as distin- 
 guished from water. 
 
 Tertium Quid. A third person or 
 party that shall be nameless. 
 
 Theatre Francais. A theatre in 
 Paris devoted to the production of 
 the classic and the best modern 
 French drama. Celebrated for the 
 excellence of its company of actors. 
 
 Theleme, Abbey of. The abbey 
 founded by Gargantua in Rabelais' 
 Gargantua. Its motto was "Do as 
 you please." 
 
 Thirty Years' War, The, was be- 
 tween the Catholics and Protestants, 
 in Germany, 1618-1648. 
 
 Thistle. The national emblem of 
 Scotland. According to tradition, 
 the Danes were attempting to sur- 
 prise an encampment of the Scotch 
 one night, and had come very near 
 it without being observed. A Dane 
 trod on a thistle, cried out with 
 pain, and the Scotch were aroused, 
 and defeated their assailants, where- 
 upon the thistle was made the in- 
 signia of Scotland. 
 
 Thor, in Scandinavian mythology, is 
 the god of war, son of Odin. 
 
 Threadneedle Street, The Old 
 Lady of. The Bank of England 
 in Threadneedle Street, London. 
 
 Three Estates of the Realm. The 
 nobility, the clergy, and the com- 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 monalty, represented in the two 
 Houses of Parliament. 
 
 Thunderer, The. A nickname given 
 to the London Times. 
 
 Tick, On. On credit; for on ticket. 
 Ticket was formerly used for a 
 promissory note. 
 
 Tit for Tat. An equivalent. Said 
 to be the Dutch dit vor dat, this for 
 that. 
 
 Tom Thumb. The famous American 
 dwarf, Stratton. 
 
 Tory. The name of the great Eng- 
 lish party whose place is to a cer- 
 tain extent taken by the Conserva- 
 tives. Said to come from toruigh, 
 a robber. Whig and Tory were 
 originally terms of reproach. 
 
 Tour, The Grand. From England 
 through France, Switzerland, Italy, 
 to Germany and home. All aristo- 
 cratic families used to send their 
 sons on the grand tour. 
 
 Tower, The. The citadel of London, 
 on the Thames. 
 
 Transfiguration, The. The most 
 famous of Raphael's pictures, now 
 in the Vatican. Represents the 
 miraculous change of Christ on the 
 mount. 
 
 Trimmer. A person who takes a 
 moderate course in politics. First 
 applied as a term of reproach to the 
 great Halifax, who was not vio- 
 lently attached to any political 
 party. 
 
 Trinity Church. A famous Epis- 
 copal church on Broadway, at the 
 head of Wall Steet, New York city. 
 The richest church in America. 
 
 Triple Alliance, The. The alliance 
 of Great Britain, Holland, and 
 Sweden, in 1668, against Louis XIV. 
 of France. 
 
 Trouabdours. Provencal poets, 
 from the 11th to the 14th century. 
 
 Trouveres. Northern French poets, 
 1100-1400. 
 
 Trumpet. To sound one's own 
 Trumpet, i. e., to boast. The com- 
 ing of the knights into the list used 
 to be announced by the heralds with 
 a flourish of trumpets. 
 
 Tuft-hunter. A toady. At Oxford 
 University a nobleman is called a 
 tuft y because of the gold tuft on his 
 college cap. 
 
 Tuileries. A French royal palace, 
 burned by the Commune in 1871. 
 
 Tulip Mania. A 17th-century Eu- 
 ropean craze for buying tulip bulbs. 
 Holland was the great seat of it. 
 
 Tune that the old cow died of. 
 
 Words instead of alms. In the old 
 song, a man who has nothing on 
 which to feed his cow plays her 
 this tune, "Consider, good cow. con- 
 sider, This isn't the time for grass 
 to grow." Also applied to inhar- 
 monious tunes. 
 Tyburn. Once a London place of 
 execution. The site is now occupied 
 by Grosvenor Square and Portman 
 Square, and called Tyburnia, a 
 wealthy and fashionable quarter. 
 
 Uffizi. A building in Florence con- 
 taining a celebrated art collection. 
 
 Ultramontanes. The extreme 
 "high" Roman Catholics. The word, 
 which means "beyond the moun- 
 tains," was first used in France of 
 those Catholics who ascribe every- 
 thing to the Pope "beyond the 
 Alps," in contradistinction to the 
 Gallicans who insist upon a self- 
 governing national church. 
 
 Underground Railroad. A phrase 
 which expressed all the means used 
 to further the escape of runaway 
 slaves in America. 
 
 Under the Rose. (Subrosa.) Con- 
 fidentially. The rose was consid- 
 ered by the ancients an emblem of 
 secrecy. 
 
 Unknown, The Great. First ap- 
 plied to Sir Walter Scott ; so called 
 on account of the anonymous pub- 
 lication of the Waverley novels. 
 
 Unlicked Cub. An awkward, ill- 
 bred boy. The bear cub was said 
 to be out of sb#pe till its dam licked 
 it into shape. 
 
 Unter den Linden. (Under the 
 Linden.) A famous street in Ber- 
 lin, Prussia; it has four rows of 
 lime trees. 
 
 Unwashed, The Great. The mob; 
 first used by Edmund Burke. 
 
 Upas Tree. An object that exerts 
 a hurtful influence. There was a 
 tradition that a noisome river rose 
 in a upas tree in Java, the vapor 
 of which was a deadly poison. 
 
 Upper Ten Thousand. The aris- 
 tocracy; fashionable society. A 
 phrase first used by N. P. Willis. 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 Utilitarians. Those who believe 
 that utility, i. e., the fitness of a 
 thing to promote human happiness, 
 is the proper standard of morality. 
 
 Utopia. (No Place.) The imagi- 
 nary island which Sir Thomas More 
 makes- the scene of his romance of 
 Utopia; an ideal commonwealth. 
 Hence the adjective Utopian, i. e. 
 visionary, impracticable. 
 
 Valhalla. In Scandinavian mythol- 
 ogy, the palace where dwell the 
 heroes slain in battle. 
 
 Vampire. An extortioner. The 
 vampire is a dead man who returns 
 to life in the night, and sucks the 
 blood of persons asleep. 
 
 Vatican. The palace of the Popes, 
 on the bank of the Tiber, Rome. 
 
 Vatican, Council of the. The 
 (Ecumenical Council which met in 
 1869, and promulgated the doctrine 
 of Papal Infallibility. 
 
 Vedas. The four sacred books of 
 the Hindu religion. 
 
 Veni, Vidi, Vici. ("I came, I saw, 
 I conquered.") The phrase with 
 which Julius Caesar announced his 
 victory at Zela. 
 
 Venus de Medici. A celebrated 
 Greek statue at Florence ; attrib- 
 uted to Cleomenes, a sculptor of the 
 2nd century b. c. 
 
 Venus of Milo. Considered the most 
 beautiful of Greek statues; found 
 in the Island of Melos in 1820. It 
 is now in the Louvre. 
 
 Verbum Sap. A word to the wise; 
 for verbum sapienti. 
 
 Veronica. A relic at St. Peter's, 
 Rome, said to be the handkerchief 
 on which Jesus wiped his brow on 
 his way to Calvary. It is said to 
 contain the true likeness (Vera 
 icon) of our Saviour. 
 
 Versailles. A splendid palace at 
 Versailles, 10 miles from Paris. 
 
 Vespers, The Sicilian. The mas- 
 sacre of the French in Sicily by the 
 Sicilians, March 30, 1282. The 
 sounding of the vesper bell was the 
 signal for the massacre. 
 
 Via Dolorosa. (The way of pain.) 
 The way by which the Lord went 
 from the Mount of Olives to Gol- 
 gotha. 
 
 Vinegar Bible, The, printed at Ox- 
 
 ford, 1767, has vinegar for vineyard 
 in the headline of Luke xxii. 
 
 Virgin Queen, The. Queen Eliza- 
 beth of England. 
 
 Vitus, St. St. Vitus' dance is so 
 called because St. Vitus was thought 
 to have control of hysterical com- 
 plaints. 
 
 W 
 
 Wabash Avenue. A street in Chi- 
 cago, noted for fine buildings. 
 
 Wall of China, The. A wall 1,200 
 miles long and 20 feet high, built 
 by the Chinese in the 3d century 
 b. c. as a protection against the 
 Tartar invasions. 
 
 Wall Street. The great financial 
 street of New York. Most of the 
 bankers and brokers are on this 
 street or in its vicinity. 
 
 Wallack's. A famous New York 
 theatre, conducted by J. Lester Wal- 
 lack. 
 
 Walton. An Izaak Walton. An 
 angler. Izaak Walton published his 
 Complete Angler in 1655. 
 
 Wandering: Jew, The. A famous 
 personage in mediaeval legend. Our 
 Saviour, wearied with carrying his 
 cross, is said to have stopped before 
 the house of one Ahasuerus, a cob- 
 bler, who pushed him off, saying, 
 "Away with you." Jesus answered, 
 "I go away, but thou shalt tarry 
 till I come." Ahasuerus wandered 
 over the world, seeking death, but 
 condemned to live till the coming 
 of our Lord. The Wandering Jew 
 was seen from time to time in Eu- 
 rope. His last recorded appearance 
 was late in the 18th century, in 
 Belgium. According to another 
 legend, the Wandering Jew's name 
 was Kartophilus, the doorkeeper of 
 the Hall of Judgment. He struck 
 our Saviour, telling him to go faster. 
 
 War of 1812. Between Great Brit- 
 ain and the United States, 1812-15. 
 
 War of the Roses. The English 
 civil wars, between the houses of 
 York and Lancaster, in the 14th and 
 15th centuries. The red rose was 
 the symbol of Lancaster, the white 
 rose of York. See Shakespeare's 
 I. Henry VI. II. 4. 
 
 Ward, Artemus. Pseudonym of the 
 American humorist, C. P. Browne. 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 Washington Street. The principal 
 business street of Boston, Mass. 
 
 Wassail. An old Saxon salutation, 
 "What, hail!" The wassail bowl 
 is the bowl of spiced ale used on 
 New Year's Day. 
 
 Wat. A hare, from his wattles, i. e. 
 long ears. 
 
 Waters, The Father of. The Mis- 
 sissippi River (said to be a transla- 
 tion of the Indian name). 
 
 Watling Street. A road across 
 Southern Britain from Dover to 
 Cardigan; a corruption of Vitelline 
 Strata, "the street of Vitellin." The 
 Milky Way was called Watling 
 Street by the English peasantry. 
 
 Ways and Means, Committee of 
 the. A most important Committee 
 of the American House of Repre- 
 sentatives, charged with devising the 
 methods by which money for the 
 current expenses of the Government 
 is to be supplied. 
 
 Wedding. The first anniversary of 
 a wedding is called a paper wed- 
 ding, the gifts being paper articles ; 
 the fifth, wooden; the tenth, tin; 
 the fifteenth, crystal ; twenty-fifth, 
 silver; fiftieth, golden; seventy- 
 fifth, DIAMOND. 
 
 Well of St. Keyne. A well in Corn- 
 wall whose virtue is such that who- 
 ever of a married couple first tastes 
 its waters will "wear the breeches" 
 in the household. 
 
 Westminster Abbey, The cele- 
 brated abbey-church of London, 
 where many of the illustrious dead 
 of England are buried. 
 
 Wetherell, Eliazbeth. Pseudonym 
 of the American novelist, Miss 
 Susan Warner, author of The Wide, 
 Wide World. 
 
 Whig. Once the name of great polit- 
 ical parties in England and the 
 United States. The term is said to 
 come from Whiggamore, a Scotch 
 (Celtic) word for a thief, a free- 
 booter. The Marquis of Argyle col- 
 lected a troop of these thieves to 
 oppose some measures of James I., 
 and finally the epithet Whig was ap- 
 plied to all opponents of the Gov- 
 ernment. The Whigs at the Eng- 
 lish Revolution opposed the govern- 
 ment of James II. The Whig party 
 in America favored a protective 
 tariff, and a United States bank. 
 
 Gen. Scott was their last candidate 
 for President (1852). 
 
 Whistle. To PAY TOO DEARLY for 
 the whistle. Dr. Franklin tells 
 a story of buying a whistle, when 
 a boy, for four times its value. 
 Hence, something which does not 
 equal our expectations, though 
 costly. 
 
 White Elephant. Something you 
 don't know what to do with. The 
 king of Siam sends a white elephant 
 to a courtier whose fortune he 
 wishes to destroy. 
 
 White Feather, To show the. To 
 display cowardice. A white feather 
 in a bird marks a cross breed, and 
 is not found on a game-cock. 
 
 White House. The residence of the 
 President of the United States at 
 Washington; so called from its 
 color. 
 
 White Stone. A DAY TO BE MARKED 
 with a white stone is a day to be 
 pleasantly remembered. The ancient 
 Romans marked a lucky day on the 
 calendar with a white stone; an un- 
 lucky day with charcoal. 
 
 Whiteboys. A secret organization 
 who engaged in "agrarian outrages" 
 in Ireland in 1789 ; so called from 
 wearing white shirts. 
 
 Whitehall. A region in Westmin- 
 ster, London, where the royal palace 
 formerly stood. 
 
 Wild Huntsman, The. In German 
 legend a spectral huntsman in the 
 Black Forest. The English name 
 is "Heme the Hunter." 
 
 Windmills, To fight with. To op- 
 pose imaginary objects; to fight 
 with crotchets. The phrase comes 
 from Don Quixote's adventure in 
 assailing windmills, which he mis- 
 took for giants. 
 
 Windsor Castle. Famous royal 
 castle and residence near London. 
 
 Wise Men of the East, The. The 
 three Magi who were guided by the 
 star of Bethlehem to our Saviour's 
 birthplace. 
 
 Witch of Endor, The. A sooth- 
 sayer who, at the request of Saul, 
 invoked the ghost of Samuel, who 
 foretold the death of Saul. 
 
 Witch-Hazel. A forked hazel twig 
 used for finding witches ; still in use 
 to find a suitable place for digging 
 a well. 
 
Familiar Allusions 
 
 Witches' Sabbath. The nightly 
 meeting of witches and demons. 
 
 Wooden Horse, The. After the 
 death of Hector, the Greeks besieg- 
 ing Troy built a gigantic wooden 
 horse, pretending that it was an 
 offering to the gods to insure a safe 
 return to Greece. The horse was 
 filled with Greek warriors; the 
 Trojans dragged it into the city, 
 and at night the Greeks came out 
 of the horse, opened the city gates 
 to their companions, and sacked the 
 town. 
 
 Woolsack, To sit on the. To be 
 Lord Chancellor of England. His 
 seat in the House of Lords is called 
 the woolsack, an armless, backless 
 bag of wool. 
 
 Wyoming Massacre. A band of 
 British and Indians ravaged the val- 
 ley of Wyoming in 1778. 
 
 Xanthos. The horse of Achilles in 
 
 the Trojan war ; like Balaam's ass, 
 
 prophetic. 
 Xantippe. A shrew. She was the 
 
 wife of Socrates, and an intolerable 
 
 scold. 
 
 Taboo. A rowdy; a brutal, ill-bred 
 man. The Yahoos in Swift's Gulli- 
 ver's Travels are brutes with the 
 shapes of men. 
 
 Yankee. An American. The word 
 is used in America itself as a nick- 
 name of persons born in the New 
 England States. The usual account 
 of the introduction of the word is 
 this : Jonathan Hastings, a Cam- 
 bridge, Mass., farmer, in the 18th 
 century, used it as an epithet de- 
 noting excellence, as "Yankee cider," 
 *. e. good, home-made cider. The 
 word was taken up by the students 
 of Harvard College, and gradually 
 spread through the country. This 
 is doubtful. The word is probably 
 a corrupted Indian form of Eng- 
 lish. 
 
 Yankee Doodle. An American na- 
 tional air. 
 
 Yarmouth Bloater. A red herring. 
 
 Yarmouth, England, is noted for 
 them. 
 
 Yellow Jack. A cant term for the 
 yellow fever. The Yellow Jack is 
 the flag over vessels in quarantine, 
 marine hospitals, etc. 
 
 Yggdrasil. In Scandinavian mythol- 
 ogy, an ash-tree, whose roots run 
 to heaven, to the under-world, and 
 to the Frost Giants. The serpent 
 Nithoggr gnaws its roots. 
 
 Young America. American boys 
 and girls; the younger generation, 
 supposed to be very irreverent. 
 
 Young Chevalier. Charles Edward 
 Stuart, the second or young Pre- 
 tender to the throne of Great Brit- 
 ain (1720-88). 
 
 Young Germany. The literary 
 school of Heinrich Heine, and his 
 followers. 
 
 Yosemite Valley, in California, 
 famous for its natural scenery ; also 
 a well-known picture by the Amer- 
 ican artist, Bierstadt. 
 
 Yule. Christmas. The "turn" of 
 the sun at the winter solstice. 
 
 Yule-log. An immense log of wood 
 put across the fire on the hearth at 
 Christmas. 
 
 Zend A vesta. The old Persian scrip- 
 tures. It is written in the Zend 
 language. Avesta means "the liv- 
 ing word." 
 
 Zodiac. An imaginary belt in the 
 heavens, divided into 12 equal parts 
 of 30 degrees each, with a sign for 
 each part. The six signs north of 
 the equator are: Aries, "the ram;" 
 Taurus, "the bull;" Gemini, "the 
 twins;" Cancer, "the crab;" Leo, 
 "the lion;" Virgo, "the virgin." 
 The six signs south of the equator 
 are: Libra, "the balance;" Scorpio, 
 "the scorpion ;" Sagittarius, "the 
 archer ;" Capricornus, "the goat ;" 
 Aquarius, "the water-carrier;" and 
 Pisces, "the fishes." The first six 
 are summer signs, the next three 
 autumn signs, the last three winter 
 signs. 
 
 Zollverein. A commercial associa- 
 tion between the German States to 
 maintain the same tariff rates. 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and 
 
 Prose. 
 
 Abdiel, the angel who opposed Satan, 
 and remained faithful when he re- 
 volted. 
 
 Abigail, a common name for a wait- 
 ing-maid. See I. Sam. xxv. 3. 
 
 Ablewhite, Godfrey, a sneak in 
 Wilkie Collins' "The Moonstone." 
 
 Abon Hassan, a character in the 
 "Arabian Nights," who is duped for 
 a short time into believing himself 
 Caliph. 
 
 Absalom, in Dryden's "Absalom and 
 Achitophel;" the Duke of Mon- 
 mouth, natural son of Charles II. 
 
 Absolute, Captain, a gallant, high- 
 spirited character in Sheridan's 
 "The Rivals." 
 
 Absolute, Sir Anthony, father of 
 the above, an irascible but generous 
 character in "The Rivals." 
 
 Achitophel, the Earl of Shaftes- 
 bury in Dry den's "Absalom and 
 Achitophel." 
 
 Acres, Bob, whose "courage oozes out 
 at his fingers' ends," a character 
 in "The Rivals." 
 
 Acrasia, in Spenser's "Faery Queen," 
 a witch, the personification of In- 
 temperance. 
 
 Adam Bell, a famous archer, cele- 
 brated in many old ballads. 
 
 Adams, Parson, a learned, good, 
 eccentric, simple divine in Fielding's 
 "Joseph Andrews." 
 
 Adriana, the wife of Antipholus, in 
 "Comedy of Errors." 
 
 Ague-cheek, Sir Andrew, a foolish 
 knight in Shakespeare's "Twelfth 
 Night." 
 
 Aladdin, the hero of the "Arabian 
 Nights" tales, possessed of a won- 
 derful ring and lamp. 
 
 Allworthy, Squire, a benevolent 
 character in Fielding's "Tom Jones." 
 
 Alp, the hero of Byron's "Siege of 
 Corinth." 
 
 Amadis de Gaul, the hero of a wide- 
 
 spread romance of Portuguese 
 origin. 
 
 Amelia, the heroine of Fielding's 
 novel of that name. Drawn from 
 Fielding's wife. 
 
 Amine, a wicked woman in the 
 "Arabian Nights," who leads her 
 three sisters as hounds in a leash. 
 
 Amlet, Richard, a gambler in Van- 
 brugh's "Confederacy." 
 
 Amri, in Dryden's "Absalom and 
 Achitophel," Sir H. Finch. 
 
 Andrews, Joseph, the hero of Field- 
 ing's novel of that name ; brave and 
 pure. 
 
 Anerley, Mary, the heroine of 
 Blackmore's novel of that name. 
 
 Apemantus, a cynic in Shakespeare's 
 "Timon of Athens." 
 
 Arden, Enoch, the hero of Tenny- 
 son's poem of that name. 
 
 Argante, a giantess in Spenser's 
 "Faery Queen." 
 
 Ariel, a spirit in Shakespeare's 
 "Tempest." 
 
 Artful Dodger, a bright young thief 
 in Dickens' "Oliver Twist." 
 
 Arthur, King, a legendary British 
 king, famous in romance, celebrated 
 by Tennyson. 
 
 Ashton, Lucy, the heroine of Scott's 
 "Bride of Lammermoor." 
 
 Atalanta, one of Diana's maids, 
 skilled as an archer, the heroine of 
 Swinburne's "Atalanta in Calydon." 
 
 Athelstane, The Unready, a Saxon 
 thane in Scott's "Ivanhoe." 
 
 Autolycus, "a snapper up of uncon- 
 sidered trifles," in Shakespeare's 
 "The Winter's Tale." 
 
 B 
 
 Baba, Ali, a character in the 
 "Arabian Nights," who, having over- 
 heard "sesame," the password of 
 the Forty Thieves, opens their cave. 
 
 Baba, Cassim, brother of the above, 
 forgets the password. 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 Backbite, Sir Benjamin, a slan- 
 derous character in Sheridan's 
 "School for Scandal." 
 
 Bagstock, Joe, a pompous, boastful 
 character in Dickens' "Dombey and 
 Son." He always speaks of himself 
 in the third person, as "Joey B.," 
 "J. B.," "Old Joey," "Josh," etc. 
 
 Bailey, Young, a precocious youth, 
 servant, etc., in Dickens' "Martin 
 Chuzzlewit." 
 
 Balderstone, Caleb, the Master of 
 Ravenswood's butler, in Scott's 
 "Bride of Lammermoor." 
 
 Balthazar, a merchant in Shakes- 
 peare's "Comedy of Errors." 
 
 Balthazar, a servant in Shakespeare's 
 "Much Ado About Nothing." 
 
 Banquo, a chieftain in Shakespeare's 
 "Macbeth," murdered by Macbeth. 
 
 Bardell, Mrs., a widow who sues Mr. 
 Pickwick for breach of promise in 
 Dickens' "Pickwick Papers." 
 
 Bardolph, a red-nosed follower of 
 Falstaff in Shakespeare's "Henry 
 IV." 
 
 Barkis, an eccentric character in 
 Dickens' "David Copperfield;" his 
 form of proposal was, "Barkis is 
 willin'." 
 
 Batk, Major, a pompous person in 
 Fielding's "Amelia." 
 
 Bayed, the hero of the Duke of Buck- 
 ingham's play of "The Rehearsal," 
 a satire upon the poet Dryden. 
 
 Baynes, Charlotte, Philip's sweet- 
 heart in Thackeray's "Philip." 
 
 Bede, Adam, the hero of George 
 Eliot's novel of that name. 
 
 Belch, Sir Toby, the bibulous uncle 
 of Olivia in Shakespeare's "Twelfth 
 Night." 
 
 Belford, the friend of Lovelace in 
 Richardson's "Clarissa Harlowe." 
 
 Belinda, the heroine of Pope's "Rape 
 of the Lock." 
 
 Bell, Laura, finally marries Arthur 
 in Thackeray's "Pendennis." 
 
 Bell, Peter, the hero of Words- 
 worth's poem of that name. 
 
 Bellaston, Lady, a woman of gal- 
 lantry in Fielding's "Tom Jones." 
 
 Bellenden, Lady, a Tory gentle- 
 woman in Scott's "Old Mortality." 
 
 Belphoebe, in Spenser's "Faery 
 Queen," a portrait of Queen Eliza- 
 beth. 
 
 Belvidera, the heroine of Otway's 
 "Venice Preserved." 
 
 Benedict, a humorous gentleman in 
 Shakespeare's "Love's Labor Lost," 
 finally married to Beatrice. 
 
 Beiinet, Mrs., a woman of gallantry 
 in Fielding's "Amelia." 
 
 Benvolio, in Shakespeare's "Rome* 
 and Juliet," the friend of Romeo, 
 and nephew of old Montague. 
 
 Bertram, the hero of Shakespeare's 
 "All's Well that Ends Well." He 
 marries Helena. 
 
 Bianca, Cassio's mistress in {Shake- 
 speare's "Othello." 
 
 Birch, Harvey, the hero of Cooper's 
 "Spy." 
 
 Blifil, a sneak in Fielding's "Tom 
 Jones," nephew of Mr. Allworthy. 
 
 Blimber, Miss Cornelia, a prim 
 and grim classical teacher in "Dom- 
 bey and Son," subsequently Mrs. 
 Feeder, B.A. 
 
 Bobadil, Captain, a swaggering 
 poltroon in Ben Jonson's "Every 
 Man In His Humor." 
 
 Boeuf, Front de, a ferocious fol- 
 lower of King John in Scott's "Ivan- 
 hoe." 
 
 Boffin, Noddy, a good-natured, igno- 
 rant ex-servant in Dickens' "Our 
 Mutual Friend." 
 
 Bois, Guilbert, Brian de, preceptor 
 of the Knights Templars in Scott's 
 "Ivanhoe." 
 
 Boniface, a landlord in Farquhar's 
 "Beaux' Stratagem," hence, gener- 
 ally for a landlord. 
 
 Booby, Lady, plays Potiphar's wife 
 to Joseph Andrew's Joseph in Field- 
 ing's "Joseph Andrews." 
 
 Booth, the hero of Fielding's 
 "Amelia," husband of Amelia, said 
 to be Fielding. 
 
 Bottom, Nick, the weaver-actor in 
 Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
 Dream," beloved of Titania. 
 
 Bounderby, Josiah, a wealthy man- 
 ufacturer and matter-of-fact man 
 in Dickens' "Hard Times." 
 
 Bowles, Tom, blacksmith and man- 
 ufacturer in Bulwer's "Kenelm 
 Chillingly." 
 
 Bowline, Tom, a very nautical per- 
 son in Smollett's "Roderick Ran- 
 dom." 
 
 Box and Cox, the heroes of Morton's 
 farce of that name. 
 
 Bradwardine, Baron, in Scott's 
 "Waverley," father of Rose B. 
 
 Bramble, Matthew, a very dyspep* 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 tic person in Smollett's "Humphry 
 Clinker." 
 
 Brangtons, vulgarians in Miss Bur- 
 ney's "Evelina." 
 
 Brass, Sally and Sampson, sister 
 and brother, shysters in Dickens' 
 "Old Curiosity Shop." 
 
 Brick, Jefferson, an American 
 patriot in Dickens' "Martin Chuz- 
 zlewit." 
 
 Bridgenorth, Major Ralph, prom- 
 inent in Scott's "Peveril of the 
 Peak." 
 
 Bridget, Mrs., a remarkable lady in 
 Sterne's "Tristram Shandy." 
 
 Brown, Tom, the hero of Thomas 
 Hughes' "Tom Brown at Oxford," 
 etc. 
 
 Bucket, Inspector, the detective in 
 Dickens' "Bleak House." 
 
 Bumble, the conceited beadle in Dick- 
 ens' "Oliver Twist." 
 
 Cains, Doctor, Welsh suitor of Anne 
 Page's in the "Merry Wives of 
 Windsor." 
 
 Caliban, a monstrosity in Shakes- 
 peare's "Tempest." 
 
 Candor, Mrs., a slanderer in Sheri- 
 dan's "The Rivals." 
 
 Carker, a plausible scoundrel, man- 
 aging clerk of Mr. Dombey in "Dom- 
 bey and Son." 
 
 Cassio, Othello's lieutenant in Shake- 
 spear's "Othello." 
 
 Caudle, Mrs., scold and heroine of 
 Douglas Jerrold's "Curtain Lec- 
 tures." 
 
 Caustic, Colonel, satirical character 
 in Mackenzie's "Lounger." 
 
 Celia, cousin of Rosalind and daugh- 
 ter of Frederick in Shakespeare's 
 "As You Like It." 
 
 Chadband, an oily, hypocritical 
 preacher in Dickens' "Bleak House." 
 
 Chamont, leading male character in 
 Ot way's "The Orphans." 
 
 Chillingly, Kenelm, hero of Bul- 
 wer's novel of that name. 
 
 Christabel, heroine of Coleridge's 
 poem of that name. 
 
 Christiana, wife of Christian in 
 Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress." 
 
 Chuzzlewit, Jonas, miser and mur- 
 derer in Dickens' "Martin Chuzzle- 
 wit." 
 
 Chuzzlewit, Martin, the selfish hero 
 of Dickens' "Martin Chuzzlewit." 
 
 Clare, Ada, ward of Jarndyce, wife 
 of Carstone in Dickens' "Bleak 
 House." 
 
 Clifford, Paul, highwayman hero of 
 Bulwer's novel of that name. 
 
 Clinker, Humphry, hero of Smol- 
 lett's novel of that name. 
 
 Coelebs, the hero of Hanna More's 
 "Ccelebs in Search of a Wife." 
 
 Coldstream, Sir Charles, blase per- 
 son in Mathew's "Used Up." 
 
 Consuelo, heroine of George Sand's 
 novel of that name. 
 
 Copper Captain, The, the nickname 
 of Perez, braggart and coward in 
 Beaumont and Fletcher's "Rule a 
 Wife and Have a Wife." 
 
 Copperfield, David, the hero of 
 Dickens' "David Copperfield." 
 
 Cordelia, the youngest and faithful 
 daughter of Lear in Shakespeare's 
 "King Lear." 
 
 Corinne, heroine of Mme. de Stael's 
 romance of that name. 
 
 Costigan, Captain, a bibulous and 
 disreputable person in Thackeray's 
 "Pendennis." 
 
 Coverly, Sir Roger De, country 
 gentleman in Addison's "Spectator." 
 
 Crane, Ichabod, the schoolmaster in 
 Irving's Legend of "Sleepy Hollow." 
 
 Crawley, Rawdon, the husband of 
 Becky Sharpe in Thackeray's "Van- 
 ity Fair." 
 
 Cressida, heroine of Shakespeare's 
 "Troilus and Cressida." 
 
 Crummies, Vincent, theatrical man- 
 ager in Dickens' "Nicholas Nick- 
 leby." 
 
 Crusoe, Robinson, hero of De Foe's 
 "Robinson Crusoe." 
 
 Cuttle, Captain, simple nautical 
 person in Dickens' "Dombey and 
 Son." 
 
 Cymbeline, a British king, whose 
 name is preserved in Shakespeare's 
 "Cymbeline." 
 
 Dalgarno, Lord, a profligate young 
 Scotch nobleman in Scott's "The 
 Fortunes of Nigel." 
 
 Davy, Shallow's servant in Shake- 
 speare's "Second Part of Henry 
 IV." 
 
 Deans, Douce Davie, pious Presby- 
 terian in Scott's "The Heart of Mid- 
 Lothian ;" father of Effie and Jeanie. 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 Deans, Effie, a betrayed woman in 
 the same. 
 
 Deans, Jeanie, the heroine of the 
 same. 
 
 Dedlock, Lady, proud, beautiful, and 
 unfortunate character in Dickens' 
 "Bleak House." 
 
 Dedlock, Sir Leicester, husband of 
 the above, narrow-minded but noble. 
 
 Delamaine, Geoffrey, a muscular 
 man in Wilkie Collins' "Man and 
 Wife." 
 
 Delphine, heroine of Mme. de StaeTs 
 novel of that name. 
 
 Deronda, Daniel, the hero of George 
 Eliot's novel of that name. 
 
 Desdemona, heroine of Shakepeare's 
 "Othello," wife of Othello. 
 
 Diddler, Jeremy, impecunious swin- 
 dler in Kinny's farce of "Raising 
 the Wind." 
 
 Dimsdale, Rev. Arthur, the seducer 
 of Hester Prynne in Hawthorne's 
 "Scarlet Letter." 
 
 Dods, Meg, the landlady in Scott's 
 "St. Ronan's Well." 
 
 Dodson and Fogg, shyster attorneys 
 for Mrs. Bardell in Dickens' "Pick- 
 wick Papers." 
 
 Dogberry, an absurd Mrs. Parting- 
 ton constable in Shakespeare's 
 "Much Ado About Nothing." 
 
 Dombey, Florence, in "Dombey and 
 Son," marries Walter Gay. 
 
 Dombey, Mr., a proud, stern mer- 
 chant in Dickens' "Dombey and 
 Son." 
 
 Dombey, Paul, sickly little son of 
 the above. 
 
 Dominie, Sampson, eccentric school- 
 master in Scott's "Guy Mannering." 
 
 Don Quixote, the hero of Cervantes' 
 romance of that name ; made insane 
 by excessive reading of the romances 
 of chivalry. 
 
 Dora, David Copperfield's first and 
 child wife in Dickens' "David Cop- 
 perfield." 
 
 Dorimant, the fashionable hero of 
 Etherege's "The Man of Mode." 
 
 Dorothea, the heroine of George Eli- 
 ot's "Middlemarch." 
 
 Dorrit, Edward, "the father of the 
 Marshalsea," in Dickens' "Little 
 Dorrit." 
 
 Drawcansir, the bully in the Duke 
 of Buckingham's "Rehearsal." 
 
 Dulcinea del Toboso, a country 
 maid, beloved of Don Quixote. 
 
 Dundreary, Lord, an original in 
 Taylor's "Our American Cousin." 
 
 Edgar, legitimate son of Gloucester 
 in Shakespeare's "King Lear." 
 
 Edmund, natural son of Gloucester. 
 
 Emilia, wife of Iago in Shakespeare's 
 "Othello." 
 
 Escalus, associated with Angelo in 
 the government in Shakespeare's 
 "Measure for Measure." 
 
 Esmond, Beatrix, the beautiful 
 heroine of Thackeray's "Henry Es- 
 mond." 
 
 Esmond, Henry, the high-spirited 
 and witty hero of that novel. 
 
 Eugenia, the beautiful but unfortu- 
 nate heroine of Hardy's "Return of 
 the Native." 
 
 Evangeline, heroine of Longfellow's 
 poem of that name. 
 
 Evans, Sir Hugh, a Welsh parson in 
 Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
 Windsor." 
 
 Evelina, the heroine of Miss Burney's 
 novel of that name. 
 
 Eyre, Jane, the heroine of Charlotte 
 Bronte's novel of that name. 
 
 Fag, a lying servant in Sheridan's 
 "The Rivals." 
 
 Fagin, Jew thief, and receiver in 
 Dickens' "Oliver Twist." 
 
 Faithful, Jacob, the hero of Marry- 
 att's novel of that name. 
 
 Falkland, a jealous character in 
 Sheridan's "The Rivals." 
 
 Falstaff, Sir John, the greatest of 
 Shakespeare's comic creations, in 
 "Merry Wives of Windsor," and 
 "Henry IV." 
 
 Fanny, a pretty schoolmistress, hero- 
 ine of Hardy's "Under the Green- 
 wood Tree." 
 
 Fat Boy, The, given to mincepies and 
 sleep, in Dickens' "Pickwick Pa- 
 pers." 
 
 Faust, the hero of Goethe's poem of 
 that name ; sells his soul to the devil. 
 
 Feeble, one of Falstaff's "most forci- 
 ble" recruits in Shakespeare's 
 "Henry IV." 
 
 Felton, Septimius, the hero of 
 Hawthorne's romance of that name. 
 
 Ferdinand, son of the King, marries 
 Miranda in Shakespeare's "Tem- 
 pest." 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 Ferrers, Endymion, the hero of 
 
 Disraeli's "Endymion." 
 
 Figaro, the sharp-witted hero of 
 Beaumarchais' "Le Mariage de Fi- 
 garo." 
 
 Firmin, Philip, the hero of Thack- 
 eray's "The Adventures of Philip." 
 
 Florizel, the Prince of Bohemia in 
 Shakespeare's "Winter's Tale." 
 
 Fluellen, a pedantic Welsh captain 
 Shakespeare's "Henry V." 
 
 Foker, Harry, a good-natured, sim- 
 ple friend of Arthur's in Thack- 
 ery's "Pendennis." 
 
 Fondlewife, a vexatious old fellow 
 in Congreve's "Old Bachelor." 
 
 Foppington, Lord, a weak-brained 
 fop in Vanbrugh's "The Relapse." 
 
 Fosco, Count, a subtle, all-accom- 
 plished villain, in Collins' "Woman 
 in White." 
 
 Frankenstein, a monstrous creation 
 which gives its name to a romance 
 by Mrs. Shelley. 
 
 Friar Tuck, the jolly and inseparable 
 companion of Robin Hood. 
 
 Friday, Crusoe's servant and man in 
 De Foe's "Robinson Crusoe." 
 
 G 
 
 Gamp, Sarah, a nurse, talkative and 
 bibulous in Dickens' "Martin Chuz- 
 zlewit," the friend of Betsey Prig. 
 
 Gargantua, the hero of Rabelais' 
 work of that name. 
 
 Gaunt, Griffith, husband of Kate, 
 the nominal hero of Reade's "Grif- 
 fith Gaunt." 
 
 Gay, Walter, nephew of Sol Gills, 
 husband of Florence Dombey in 
 Dickens' "Dombey and Son." 
 
 Gibbie, Goose, a half-witted boy in 
 Scott's "Old Mortality." 
 
 Gil Bias, the hero of a celebrated 
 novel of Spanish manners by Le 
 Sage. 
 
 Gills, Sol, nautical-instrument seller 
 in Dickens's "Dombey and Son." 
 
 Gilpin, John, a "London Citizen," 
 whose ride is celebrated by Cowper. 
 
 Ginevra, the heroine of a poem by 
 Samuel Rogers. 
 
 Gobbo, Launcelot, a merry servant 
 in Shakespeare's "Merchant of Ven- 
 ice." 
 
 Goneril, Lear's eldest daughter in 
 Shakespeare's "King Lear." 
 
 Gonzalo, an honest old counselor in 
 Shakespeare's "Tempest." 
 
 Gosling, Giles, the landlord in 
 
 Scott's "Kenilworth." 
 
 Gradgrind Jeremiah, a lover of 
 "facts" in Dickens' "Hard Times." 
 
 Gradgrind, Louisa, daughter of the 
 above, and wife of Josiah Boun- 
 derby. 
 
 Grandison, Sir Charles, the elab- 
 orate hero of Richardson's novel of 
 that name. 
 
 Gray, Vivian, the hero of Disraeli's 
 novel of that name. 
 
 Greaves, Sir Launcelot, the hero 
 of a novel by Smollett. 
 
 Grundy, Mrs., a character in Mor- 
 ton's "Speed the Plough." 
 
 Gulliver, Lemuel, the hero of 
 Swift's "Gulliver's Travels." 
 H 
 
 Hamlet, the hero of Shakespeare's 
 tragedy of that name. 
 
 Harley, the hero of Mackenzie's "Man 
 of Feeling." 
 
 Harlowe, Clarissa, the unfortunate 
 heroine of Richardson's novel of 
 that name. 
 
 Harris, Mrs., a non-existent person 
 who is constantly referred to, and 
 whose identity is stoutly asserted by 
 Mrs. Gamp in Dickens' "Martin 
 Chuzzlewit." 
 
 Headstone, Bradley, a passionate 
 schoolmaster in Dickens' "Our Mu- 
 tual Friend." 
 
 Heep, Uriah, a hypocritical sneak in 
 Dickens' "David ■Copperfield." 
 
 Helena, the heroine of Shakespeare's 
 "All's Well that Ends Well." 
 
 Hero, daughter of Leonato in Shake- 
 speare's "Much Ado About Noth- 
 ing." 
 
 Hexam, Lizzie, in love with Wray- 
 burn in Dickens' "Our Mutual 
 Friend." 
 
 Holof ernes, a pedantic schoolmaster 
 in Shakespeare's "As You Like It." 
 
 Holt, Felix, the hero of George Eli- 
 ot's novel of that name. 
 
 Honeyman, Charles, a fashionable 
 preacher in Thackeray's "New- 
 comes." 
 
 Honor, Mrs., Sophia Western's wait- 
 ing-woman in Fielding's "Tom 
 Jones." 
 
 Hopeful, a pilgrim in Bunyan's 
 "Pilgrim's Progress." 
 
 Horatio, the "scholar" friend of 
 Hamlet in Shakespeare's "Hamlet." 
 
 Howe, Miss, the friend of the hero- 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 ine in Richardson's "Clarissa Har- 
 lowe." 
 
 Hudibras, the hero of Butler's poem 
 of that name ; a model Presbyterian. 
 
 Hunter, Mr. and Mrs. Leo, "lion" 
 hunters in Dickens' "Pickwick Pa- 
 pers." 
 
 lago, the villain in Shakespeare's 
 "Othello." 
 
 Imogen, the heroine of Shakespeare's 
 "Cymbeline." 
 
 Isabella, the heroine of Shakespeare's 
 "Measure for Measure." 
 
 Ivanhoe, the hero of Scott's novel of 
 that name. 
 
 J 
 
 Jack, Colonel, the hero of De Foe's 
 novel of that name. 
 
 Jaffier, the hero of Otway's "Venice 
 Preserved." 
 
 Jaques, a melancholy philosopher in 
 Shakespeare's "As You Like It." 
 
 Jarndyce, John, a benevolent gen- 
 tleman in "Bleak House." 
 
 Javert, a detective in Victor Hugo's 
 "Les Miserables." 
 
 Jessica, daughter of Shylock in 
 Shakespeare's "Merchant of Ven- 
 ice." 
 
 Jingle, Alfred, an adventurer in 
 Dickens' "Pickwick Papers." 
 
 Katherine, a lady in attendance 
 upon the French princess in Shake- 
 speare's "Love's Labor Lost." 
 
 Kilmansegg, Miss, the heroine 
 (with one golden leg) of Hood's 
 "The Golden Legend." 
 
 Kitely, merchant and jealous hus- 
 band in Ben Jonson's "Every Man 
 in His Humor." 
 
 Lady Bountiful, a gentlewoman in 
 Farquhar's "The Beaux Stratagem." 
 
 Laertes, the son of Polonius in 
 Shakespeare's "Hamlet," "killed by 
 his own poisoned foil." 
 
 Lafeu, a witty old lord, attendant of 
 the French princess, in Shake- 
 speare's "Love's Labor Lost." 
 
 Lalla Rookh, the heroine of Moore's 
 poem of that name. 
 
 Languish, Lydia, the romantic hero- 
 ine of Sheridan's "The Rivals." 
 
 Lear, the hero of Shakespeare's trag- 
 edy of King Lear, father of Regan, 
 Goneril, and Cordelia. 
 
 Leatherstocking, Natty, otherwise 
 Natty Bumpo, hunter, the most fa- 
 mous of 'Cooper's characters ; he ap- 
 pears in "The Pioneer," "The Last 
 of the Mohicans," "The Pathfinder," 
 "The Deerslayer," and "The Prai- 
 rie." 
 
 Legree, a brutal slave-master in Mrs. 
 Stowe's "Uncle Tom's •Cabin." 
 
 Leigh, Aurora, the heroine of Mrs. 
 Browning's poem-novel of that 
 name. 
 
 Leila, the heroine of Byron's roman- 
 tic poem, "The Giaour." 
 
 Leonts, the King of Sicily in Shake- 
 speare's "Winter's Tale." 
 
 Lightwood, Mortimer, barrister, 
 and friend of Eugene Wrayburn in 
 Dickens' "Our Mutual Friend." 
 
 Lismahago, Captain, a retired 
 Scotch officer, suitor of Tabitha 
 Bramble in Smollett's "Humphry 
 Clinker." 
 
 Little, Henry, the hero of Reade's 
 4 "Put Yourself in His Place." 
 
 Little Nell, a precocious and good 
 child in Dickens' "Old Curiosity 
 Shop." 
 
 Locksley, an archer in Scott's "Ivan- 
 hoe," the name of Robin Hood. 
 
 Long Tom Coffin, in Cooper's "The 
 Pilot," the most famous of his sea 
 characters. 
 
 Lorenzo, the lover of Jessica in 
 Shakespeare's "Merchant of Venice." 
 
 Lothair, Marquis of, the hero of 
 Disraeli's "Lothair ;" the Marquis 
 of Bute. 
 
 Lothario, a rake in Rowe's tragedy 
 of "The Fair Penitent." 
 
 Lovelace, a man of fashion and gal- 
 lantry, the hero of Richardson's 
 "Clarissa Harlowe." 
 
 Lucio, a witty gossip and liar in 
 Shakespeare's "Measure for Meas- 
 ure." 
 
 Lumpkin, Tony, an oafish country 
 squire in Goldsmith's "She Stoops 
 to Conquer." 
 
 M 
 
 Macbeth, thane of Cawdor, hero of 
 
 Shakespeare's tragedy of that name. 
 Macduff, a Scottish chief, the slayer 
 of Macbeth in Shakespeare's "Mac- 
 beth." 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 Mac Ivor, Flora, the heroine of 
 Scott's "Rob Roy." 
 
 Mackenzie, Mrs., a termagant wid- 
 ow, mother-in-law of Clive, in 
 Thackeray's "Newcomes." 
 
 Malagrowther, Sir Mungo, an old, 
 ill-natured courtier in Scott's "For- 
 tunes of Nigel." 
 
 Malaprop, Mrs., famed for verbal 
 blunders, a character in Sheridan's 
 "The Rivals." 
 
 Malvolio, Olivia's conceited steward 
 in Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night." 
 
 Manfred, the gloomy, solitary hero 
 of Byron's tragedy of that name. 
 
 Manson, iEncas, the villain in Har- 
 dy's "Desperate Remedies." 
 
 Mantalini, the dandy husband of a 
 milliner in Dickens' "Nicholas 
 Nickleby." 
 
 Marchioness, The, the little ill-used 
 maid-servant of the Brasses, in 
 Dickens' "Old Curiosity Shop." 
 
 Margaret, the heroine of Goethe's 
 "Faust," seduced by Faust. 
 
 Mariana, the deserted wife of Angelo 
 in Shakespeare's "Measure for 
 Measure." 
 
 Mariana, the daughter of Pericles, in 
 Shakespeare's "Pericles, Prince of 
 Tyre." 
 
 Marlow, Young, the hero of Gold- 
 smith's "She Stoops to Conquer." 
 
 Medora, the heroine of Byron's "The 
 Corsair." 
 
 Merdle, Mr., a speculator and finan- 
 cier in Dickens' "Little Dorrit." 
 
 Meister, Wilhelm, the hero of Goe- 
 the's novel of that name. 
 
 Mephistopheles, the devil in Goe- 
 the's "Faust." 
 
 Mercutio, a highly-accomplished 
 friend of Romeo in Shakespeare's 
 "Romeo and Juliet." 
 
 Micawber, Wilkins, always "wait- 
 ing for something to turn up," in 
 Dickens' "David Copperfield." 
 
 Miggs, Miss, elderly servant of Mrs. 
 Varden, enamored of Tappertit in 
 Dickens' "Barnaby Rudge." 
 
 Miller, Daisy, the very American 
 heroine of Henry James Jr.'s novel- 
 ette of that name. 
 
 Minna, joint heroine with Brenda, of 
 Scott's "The Pirate." 
 
 Miranda, daughter of Prospero, loved 
 by Ferdinand in Shakespeare's "The 
 Tempest." 
 
 Monimia, the heroine of Otway's 
 "The Orphan." 
 
 Moth, Armado's page in Shake- 
 speare's "Love's Labor Lost." 
 
 Mouldy, one of Falstaff's recruits in 
 Shakespeare's "2d Part of King 
 Henry IV." 
 
 Mucklewrath, Habbakuk, a fanat- 
 ical preacher in Scott's "Old Mor- 
 tality." 
 
 N 
 
 Nathaniel, Sir, a remarkable curate 
 
 in Shakespeare's "Love's Labor 
 
 Lost." 
 Nerissa, Portia's waiting-woman in 
 
 Shakespeare's "Merchant of Ven- 
 ice." 
 Neuchatel, Adriana, a very rich 
 
 young lady in Disraeli's "Endy- 
 
 mion." 
 Newcome, Clive, the hero of 
 
 Thackeray's "The Newcomes," son 
 
 of the Colonel. 
 Newcome, Colonel, a simple, noble 
 
 gentleman in Thackeray's "The 
 
 Newcomes." 
 Newcome, Ethel, the beautiful 
 
 cousin, and finally the wife, of Clive 
 
 Newcome. 
 Nickleby, Mrs., an irrelevant and 
 
 credulous person in Dickens' "Nich- 
 olas Nickleby." 
 Nickelby, Nicholas, the hero of 
 
 Dickens' novel of that name. 
 Noma, a sort of insane Sibyl in 
 
 Scott's "The Pirate." 
 Nydia, a blind flower-girl in Bul- 
 
 wer's "The Last Days of Pompeii." 
 Nym, a rascally follower of Falstaff's 
 
 in Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
 
 Windsor." 
 
 Obadiah, a servant in Sterne's "Tris- 
 tram Shandy." 
 
 Oberon, King of the Fairies in 
 Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
 Dream." 
 
 Ochiltree, Edie, a beggar who playa 
 a prominent part in Scott's "The 
 Antiquary." 
 
 Oldbuck, Jonathan, connoisseur 
 and collector, gives his name to 
 Scott's "The Antiquary." 
 
 Old Mortality, gravestone cleaner, 
 gives his name to Scott's "Old Mor- 
 tality." 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 Olif aunt, Nigel, the hero of Scott's 
 "The Fortunes of Nigel." 
 
 Oliver, elder brother of Orlando in 
 Shakespeare's "As You Like It." 
 
 Ophelia, daughter of Polonius, in 
 love with Hamlet, in Shakespeare's 
 "Hamlet." 
 
 Orlando, the nephew of Charle- 
 magne, hero of Aristo's "Orlando 
 Furioso." 
 
 Orlando, the son of Sir Rowland, 
 and lover of Rosalind in Shake- 
 speare's "As You Like It." 
 
 Orsino, the Duke of Illyria, in Shake- 
 speare's "Twelfth Night." 
 
 Orville, Lord, the lover of Evelina 
 in Miss Burney's novel of that name. 
 
 Osric, an affected courtier in Shake- 
 speare's "Hamlet." 
 
 Othello, husband of Desdemona, and 
 hero of Shakespeare's "Othello." 
 
 O'Trigger, Sir Lucius, an Irish ad- 
 venturer in Sheridan's "The Rivals." 
 
 Overreach, Sir Giles, a usurer in 
 Massinger's "A New Way to Pay 
 Old Debts." 
 
 Page, Mrs., beloved of Falstaff. 
 
 Page, Anne, beloved of Felton and 
 Dr. Caius in Shakespeare's "Merry 
 Wives of Windsor." 
 
 Pamela, the ever-virtuous heroine of 
 Richardson's novel of that name. 
 
 Pangloss, a pedant in Colman's "The 
 Heir at Law." 
 
 Pantagruel, the learned and mighty- 
 stomached hero of Rabelais' satire 
 of that name. 
 
 Panurge, the licentious and cowardly 
 follower of Pantagruel. 
 
 Parisina, in love with her stepson, 
 the heroine of Byron's "Parisina." 
 
 Parolles, the lying and cowardly at- 
 tendant of Bertram in Shakespeare's 
 "All's Well that Ends Well." 
 
 Partridge, barber and schoolmaster, 
 the trusty follower of Fielding's 
 "Tom Jones." 
 
 Pecksniff, Miss Charity, beloved of 
 Moddle in Dickens' "Martin Chuz- 
 zlewit." 
 
 Pecksniff, Mercy, wife of Jonas 
 Chuzzlewit. 
 
 Pecksniff, Mr., architect and hypo- 
 crite, father of the above. 
 
 Peebles, Peter, drunkard and liar in 
 Scott's "Redgauntlet." 
 
 Pendennis, Arthur, the clever and 
 
 conceited hero of Thackeray's "Pen- 
 dennis." 
 
 Pendennis, Helen, a noble woman, 
 mother of Arthur. 
 
 Pendennis, Major, an elderly man 
 of fashion, uncle of Arthur. 
 
 Perdita, the sweetheart of Florizel 
 in Shakespeare's "Winter's Tale." 
 
 Petruchio, the madcap husband of 
 Katherine in Shakespeare's "Tam- 
 ing of the Shrew." 
 
 Pickle, Peregrine, the dissolute 
 hero of Smollett's "The Adventures 
 of Peregrine Pickle." 
 
 Pickwick, Samuel, the hero of 
 Dickens' "Pickwick Papers," foun- 
 der of the "Pickwick €lub." 
 
 Pierre, one of the conspirators in Ot- 
 way's "Venice Preserved." 
 
 Pinch, Miss, Tom's pretty sister, 
 John Westlock's sweetheart, in 
 Dickens' "Martin Chuzzlewit." 
 
 Pinch, Tom, a simple, noble charac- 
 ter in Mr. Pecksniff's family. 
 
 Pipes, Tom, a retired boatswain's 
 mate in Smollett's "Peregrine 
 Pickle." 
 
 Pistol, Ancient, a swaggering, loud- 
 mouthed, rascally follower of Fal- 
 staff in Shakespeare's "Merry Wives 
 of Windsor" and "Henry the IV." 
 
 Pleydell, Paulus, a lawyer in 
 Scott's "Guy Mannering." 
 
 Poins, Ned, a gay companion of the 
 young Prince in Shakespeare's 
 "Henry IV." 
 
 Polonius, the lord chamberlain of 
 the King of Denmark in Shake- 
 speare's "Hamlet." 
 
 Portia, the heroine of Shakespeare's 
 "Merchant of Venice." 
 
 Posthumus, the husband of Imogen 
 in Shakespeare's "Cymbeline." 
 
 Poundtetx, Peter, a preacher in 
 Scott's "Old Mortality." 
 
 Primrose, Doctor, the noble-minded 
 vicar in Goldsmith's "Vicar of Wake- 
 field." 
 
 Primrose, Moses, his simple, cred- 
 ulous son. 
 
 Proteus, one of Shakespeare's "Two 
 Gentlemen of Verona." 
 
 Proudf ute, a bonnet-maker in Scott's 
 "Fair Maid of Perth." 
 
 Prynne, Hester, the heroine of Haw- 
 thorne's "Scarlet Letter." 
 
 Pumblechook, Uncle, bully and 
 sycophant in Dickens' "Great Ex* 
 pectations. 5 * 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 Pynchon, Phoebe, the heroine of 
 Hawthorne's "House of the Seven 
 Gables." 
 
 Q 
 
 Quasimodo, a deformed monster in 
 Victor Hugo's "Our Lady." 
 
 Quickly, Mrs., hostess of the East- 
 cheap tavern in Shakespeare's 
 "Henry IV." 
 
 Quilp, a vicious, ill-tempered dwarf 
 in Dickens' "Old Curiosity Shop." 
 
 Quince, Peter, carpenter-actor in 
 Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
 Dream." 
 
 Random, Roderick, the sensual, un- 
 feeling hero of Smollett's novel of 
 that name. 
 
 Rashleigh, the villain in Scott's 
 "Rob Roy." 
 
 Rasselas, prince of Abyssinia, the 
 hero of Dr. Johnson's romance of 
 that name. 
 
 Rattler, Jack, a nautical character 
 in Smollett's "Roderick Random." 
 
 Ravenswood, the haughty hero of 
 Scott's "Bride of Lammermoor." 
 
 Rebecca, a gentle, lovable Jewess, 
 the real heroine of Scott's "Ivan- 
 hoe." 
 
 Redgauntlet, the violent hero of 
 Scott's novel of that name. 
 
 Regan, the second daughter of Lear 
 in Shakespeare's "King Lear." 
 
 Rob Roy, a Scottish chief whose 
 name is given to one of Scott's 
 novels. 
 
 Roderigo, a dupe of Iago in Shake- 
 speare's "Othello." 
 
 Romeo, a Montague, beloved of Juliet 
 in Shakespeare's "Romeo and Jul- 
 iet." 
 
 Romola, the heroine of George Eliot's 
 novel of that name. 
 
 Rosalind, daughter of the deposed 
 Duke in Shakespeare's "As You 
 Like It." 
 
 Rosaline, an attendant of the French 
 princess in Shakespeare's "Love's 
 Labor Lost." 
 
 Rosencrautz, a courtier in Shake- 
 speare's "Harold." 
 
 Rowena, a Saxon princess, the osten- 
 sible heroine of Scott's "Ivanboe." 
 
 Eoxana, one of Nathaniel Lee's 
 "RivaJ Queens," 
 
 Rudge, Barnaby, a half-witted 
 youth, the hero of Dickens' "Bar- 
 naby Rudge." 
 
 Rugby, a servant of Dr. Caius in 
 Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
 Windsor." 
 
 Ruggiero, a Saracen knight of Ari- 
 osto's "Orlando Furioso." He has 
 a winged horse, the hippogriff. 
 
 S 
 
 Sabrina, a river-nymph in Milton's 
 
 "Comus." 
 Sacripant, King of Cirassia, in love 
 
 with Angelica in Ariosto's "Orlando 
 
 Furioso." 
 Saddletree, Bartoline, a learned 
 
 peddler in Scott's "Heart of Mid- 
 Lothian." 
 Salanio, a friend of Antonio in 
 
 Shakespeare's "Merchant of Ven- 
 ice." 
 Sampson, servant of Capulet in 
 
 Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet." 
 Sandf ord, Harry, one of the heroes 
 
 of Day's "History of Sandford and 
 
 Merton." 
 Sangrado, Doctor, a physician in 
 
 Le Sage's "Gil Bias;" he is always 
 
 bleeding his patients ; a satire on 
 
 Helvetius. 
 Scbeherezade, Queen, the Sultaness 
 
 who tells the tales in "The Arabian 
 
 Nights." 
 Schlemihl, Peter, hero of Chamis- 
 
 so's work of that name; sells his 
 
 shadow to the devil. 
 Scrub, a facetious valet in Farquhar's 
 
 "The Beaux' Stratagem." 
 Sedley, Amelia, an amiable woman 
 
 in Thackeray's "Vanity Fair." She 
 
 has many lovable qualities, but no 
 
 talent or force of character. 
 Sedley, Joseph, a rich, fat, selfish, 
 
 bashful East Indian in Thackeray's 
 
 "Vanity Fair." 
 Selim, the hero of Byron's poem, 
 
 "The Bride of Abydos." 
 Shafton, Sir Piercie, a pedantic 
 
 courtier in Scott's "The Monastery." 
 Shallow, a silly gentleman in 
 
 Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
 
 Windsor." 
 Shandy, Mrs., a woman of no force 
 
 of character in Sterne's "Tristram 
 
 Shandy." 
 Shandy, Tristram, her son, nomi- 
 nally the hero of that novel. 
 I Shandy, Walter, Tristram's eccen* 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 trie father, a man of strange opin- 
 ions. 
 
 Sharp, Rebecca, the clever, selfish 
 heroine of Thackeray's "Vanity 
 Fair." 
 
 Shylock, a vindictive Jew in Shake- 
 speare's "Merchant of Venice." 
 
 Silence, a simple gentleman in Shake- 
 speare's "Second Part of Henry 
 IV." 
 
 Silvia, the sweetheart of Valentine in 
 Shakespeare's "Two Gentlemen of 
 Verona." 
 
 Simple, the servant of Slender in 
 Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
 Windsor." 
 
 Skimpole, Harold, a gay, child-like, 
 impecunious *'beat" in Dickens' 
 "Bleak House." 
 
 Slender, a silly suitor of Anne Page's 
 in Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
 Windsor." 
 
 Slipslop, Mrs., a waiting-woman of 
 more than doubtful character in 
 Fielding's "Joseph Andrews." 
 
 Slop, Doctor, an irascible physician 
 in Sterne's "Tristram Shandy." 
 
 Sly, Christopher, a drunken tinker 
 in the "Induction" to "The Taming 
 of the Shrew." 
 
 Slyme, Chevy, impecunious "gent" 
 in Dickens' "Martin Chuzzlewit." 
 
 Smike, a poor, half-witted pupil of 
 Squeers in Dickens' "Nicholas 
 Nickleby." 
 
 Sneerwell, Lady, a gossip and back- 
 biter in Sheridan's "School for 
 Scandal." 
 
 Snodgrass, Augustus, a poetical 
 companion of Mr. Pickwick in 
 Dickens' "Pickwick Papers." 
 
 Snout, a tinker and amateur actor in 
 Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
 Dream." 
 
 Snow, Lucy, the heroine of Char- 
 lotte Bronte's "Villette." 
 
 Snug, a joiner and amateur actor in 
 Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
 Dream." 
 
 Sparkler, Edmund, ass and man of 
 fashion in Dickens' "Little Dorrit." 
 
 Speed, the punning servant of Val- 
 entine in the "Two Gentlemen of 
 Verona." 
 
 Square, pedant, philosopher, and 
 moralist in Fielding's "Tom Jones." 
 
 Squeers, Wackf ord, the brutal mas- 
 ter of the Dotheboys Hall in Dick- 
 ens' "Nicholas Nickleby." 
 D. 64. 
 
 Squeers, Master Wackf ord, in the 
 same, a spoiled child, and chip of 
 the old block. 
 
 St. Leon, the hero of William God- 
 win's novel of that name ; he has the 
 secret of perpetual youth, and of the 
 transmutation of the metals. 
 
 Starveling, tailor and amateur ac- 
 tor in Shakespeare's "Midsummer 
 Night's Dream." 
 
 Steerforth, James, talented but 
 profligate character in Dickens' 
 "David Copperfield." 
 
 Steggs, Miss Carolina Wilhel- 
 mina Amelia, in Goldsmith's "Vi- 
 car of Wakefield," a vulgar pre- 
 tender to gentility. 
 
 Stephano, a bibulous butler in 
 Shakespeare's "Tempest." 
 
 Stiggens, Elder, in Dickens' "Pick- 
 wick Papers," fond of pineapple rum 
 and Mrs. Weller. 
 
 Strap, Hugh, a faithful follower of 
 Roderick Random in Smollett's 
 "Roderick Random." 
 
 Surface, Sir Charles, a brilliant, 
 generous rake in Sheridan's "School 
 for Scandal." 
 
 Surface, Joseph, a hypocrite in the 
 same play. 
 
 Swiveller, Dick, a gay, rattle-pated 
 fellow in Dickens' "Old Curiosity 
 Shop." 
 
 Tamora, the Gothic queen in Shake- 
 speare's "Titus Andronicus." 
 
 Tapley, Mark, "the jolly-under-difE- 
 culties" servant in Dickens' "Mar- 
 tin Chuzzlewit." 
 
 Tapper tit, Simon, a small but fero- 
 cious apprentice in Dickens' "Bar- 
 naby Rudge." 
 
 Tartuffe, the hypocritical hero of 
 Moliere's play of that name. 
 
 Teazle, Lady, the heroine of Sheri- 
 dan's "School for Scandal." 
 
 Teazle, Sir Peter, her old husband. 
 
 Thalaba, "The Destroyer," hero of 
 a poem by Southey. 
 
 Thersites, a foul-mouthed Greek in 
 Homer's "Iliad," and Shakespeare's 
 "Troilus and Cressida." 
 
 Thwackum, philosopher and peda- 
 gogue in Fielding's "Tom Jones." 
 
 Tilburina, a very much crossed-in- 
 love maiden, in Sheridan's "The 
 Critic." 
 
 Timon, a misanthropic Athenian, 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 hero of Shakespeare's "Timon of 
 Athens." 
 
 Tinto, Dick, an artist in Scott's 
 "Bride of Lammermoor," and "St. 
 Ronan's Well." 
 
 Titania, queen of the fairies in 
 Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
 Dream." 
 
 Titmouse, Tittlebat, the vulgar 
 hero of Warren's "Ten Thousand a 
 Year," the type of the "gent." 
 
 Tito, the handsome but weak hero of 
 George Eliot's "Romola-" 
 
 Todgers, Mrs., keeper of a commer- 
 cial boarding-house in Dickens' 
 "Martin Chuzzlewit." 
 
 Toots, a simple, eccentric fellow in 
 Dickens' "Dombey and Son." 
 
 Topsy, an ignorant young slave-girl 
 in Mrs. Stowe's "Uncle Tom's 
 Cabin." 
 
 Touchstone, a clown in Shake- 
 speare's "As You Like It." 
 
 Touchwood, Peregrine, an irascible 
 East Indian in Scott's "St. Ronan's 
 Well." 
 
 Tox, Miss, a simple and eccentric 
 spinster in Dickens' "Dombey and 
 Son." 
 
 Traddles, Tom, barrister, and friend 
 of Copperfield in Dickens' "David 
 Copperfield." 
 
 Trania, Lucentio's servant in Shake- 
 speare's "Taming of the Shrew." 
 
 Trapbois, a usurer in Scott's "The 
 Fortunes of Nigel." 
 
 Trim, Corporal, the trusty follower 
 of Uncle Toby in Sterne's "Tristram 
 Shandy." 
 
 Trinculo, a jester in Shakespeare's 
 "Tempest." 
 
 Troil, Magnus, a wealthy Zetlander 
 in Scott's "The Pirate." 
 
 Trotwood, Betsy, Copperfield's kind, 
 eccentric aunt in Dickens' "David 
 •Copperfield." 
 
 Trulliber, Parson, an ignorant cler- 
 gyman in Fielding's "Joseph An- 
 drews." 
 
 Trunnion, Commodore Hawser, 
 an eccentric nautical character in 
 Smollett's "Peregrine Pickle." 
 
 Tulkinghorn, Mr., a crafty solicitor 
 in Dickens' "Bleak House." 
 
 Tulliver, Maggie, the heroine of 
 George Eliot's "Mill on the Floss." 
 
 Tulliver, Tom, her selfish, conceited 
 brother. 
 
 Tup man, Tracy, a fat lover of the 
 
 fair sex in Dickens' "Pickwick Pa- 
 pers." 
 
 Turveydrop, dancing master and 
 "model of deportment" in Dickens' 
 "Bleak House." 
 
 Tusher, Thomas, a sycophantic 
 clergyman in Thackeray's "Henry 
 Esmond." 
 
 Twemlow, Mr., diner-out and friend 
 of Veneering in Dickens' "Our Mu- 
 tual Friend." 
 
 Twist, Oliver, a charity boy, hero 
 of Dickens' "Oliver Twist." 
 
 Twysden, Talbot, public officer and 
 flunky in Thackeray's "Philip." 
 
 Tybalt, nephew of Lady Capulet, 
 slain by Romeo in Shakespeare's 
 "Romeo and Juliet." 
 
 Ulrica, an old witch in Scott's "Ivan- 
 hoe." 
 
 Una, the personification of Truth in 
 Spenser's "Faery Queen." 
 
 Uncas, a Mohican chief in Cooper's 
 "The Last of the Mohicans." 
 
 Uncle Toby, a noble old soldier, the 
 hero of Sterne's "Tristram Shandy." 
 
 Uncle Tom, a pious slave, the hero 
 of Mrs. Stowe's "Uncle Tom's 
 Cabin." 
 
 V 
 
 Valentine, one of Shakespeare's 
 "Two Gentlemen of Verona." 
 
 Varden, Dolly, the heroine of Dick- 
 ens' "Barnaby Rudge." 
 
 Vathek, the hero of Beckford's East- 
 ern romance, of great gifts, but of 
 violent passions and inordinate am- 
 bition. 
 
 Verges, a silly, self-important watch- 
 man in Shakespeare's "Much Ado 
 about Nothing." 
 
 Vernon, Die, the heroine of Scott's 
 "Rob Roy." 
 
 Vholes, a cold-blooded, crafty solici- 
 tor in Dickens' "Bleak House." 
 
 Vincentio, Duke of Vienna, in Shake- 
 speake's "Measure for Measure." 
 
 Viola, in love with Orsino in Shake- 
 speare's "Twelfth Night." 
 
 Virgilia, wife of Coriolanus in 
 Shakespeare's "Coriolanus." 
 
 Virginia, the heroine of St. Pierre's 
 "Paul and Virginia." 
 
 Vivian, mistress of Merlin in Tenny- 
 son's "Idyls of the King." 
 
 Volumnia, mother of Coriolanus in 
 Shakespeare's "Coriolanus." 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 W 
 
 Wadman, Widow, in Sterne's 
 "Tristram Shandy," tries to marry 
 Uncle Toby. 
 
 Wamba, a clown in Scott's "Ivan- 
 hoe." 
 
 Wardle, Mr., a jolly country gentle- 
 man in Dickens' "Pickwick Pa- 
 pers." 
 
 Warrington, George and Harry, 
 grandsons of "Henry Esmond," and 
 heroes of Thackeray's "The Virgin- 
 ians." 
 
 Warrington, George, the cynical, 
 but kind-hearted friend of Arthur in 
 Thackeray's "Pendennis." 
 
 Wegg, Silas, a one-legged, crafty 
 schemer in Dickens' "Our Mutual 
 Friend." 
 
 Weller, Tony, a jovial and rubicund 
 coachman in Dickens "Pickwick 
 Papers." 
 
 Weller, Sam, son of Tony, Mr. Pick- 
 wick's humorous servant. 
 
 Werther, the sentimenal hero of 
 Goethe's "Sorrows of Werther." 
 
 Western, Sophia, the heroine of 
 Fielding's "Tom Jones." 
 
 Western Squire, her father, a pig- 
 headed, foul-mouthed country squire. 
 
 Westlock, John, friend and finally 
 brother-in-law of Tom Pinch in 
 Dickens' "Martin Chuzzlewit." 
 
 Whiskerandos, Don Ferolo, lover 
 of Tilburina, in Sheridan's "The 
 Critic." 
 
 Wickfield, Agnes, the lovable hero- 
 ine of Dickens' "David •Copper- 
 field," and David's second wife. 
 
 Wild, Jonathan, highwayman, the 
 hero of Fielding's "History of Jona- 
 than Wild." He is drawn from a 
 famous highwayman of that name, 
 who was executed in 1725. 
 
 Wildair, Sir Harry, man of fashion 
 and gallantry, the hero of Farqu- 
 har's "Constant Couple" and "Sir 
 Harry Wildair." 
 
 Wildfire, Madge, a woman crazed 
 by seduction, and by the murder of 
 her infant, in Scott's "Heart of Mid- 
 Lothian." 
 
 Wilf er, Bella, the beautiful, wilful 
 heroine of Dickens's "Our Mutual 
 Friend." 
 
 Wilfer, Lavinia, her irrepressible 
 sister, beloved of George Sampson. 
 
 Wilfer, Reginald, their father, a 
 commercial cherub. 
 
 Wilfrid, son of Oswald Wycliffe, in 
 Scott's "Rokeby," in love with Ma- 
 tilda, heiress of Rokeby, at whose 
 feet he dies. 
 
 Willet, John, an obstinate innkeeper 
 in Dickens' "Barnaby Rudge." 
 
 Willet, Joe, his son, in love with 
 Dolly Varden. 
 
 Williams, Caleb, the hero of Wil- 
 liam Godwin's novel of that name. 
 
 Wilmot, Arabella, George Prim- 
 rose's sweetheart in Goldsmith's 
 "Vicar of Wakefield." 
 
 Wilton, Ralph de, finally marries 
 Lady Clare, daughter of the Earl of 
 Gloucester, in Scott's "Marmion." 
 
 Wimble, Will, a good-natured, sim- 
 ple, and officious character in "The 
 Spectator," said to be a portrait of 
 Thomas Morecroft, who died at Dub- 
 lin in 1741. 
 
 Winkle, Nathaniel, a would-be 
 sporting character in Dickens' 
 "Pickwick Papers." 
 
 Winkle, Rip Van, good-natured, 
 bibulous, blessed with a scolding 
 wife; he and his long sleep are com- 
 memorated in Irving's "Sketch 
 Book." 
 
 Wishf ort, Lady, a witty, vain char- 
 acter in Congreve's "The Way of the 
 World." 
 
 Wititterly, Mr., a snob and tuft- 
 hunter in Dickens' "Nicholas Nick- 
 leby." 
 
 Wititterly, Mrs. Julia, in the same, 
 his wife, a languid lady, whose "soul 
 was too large for her body." She 
 "dearly loved a lord." 
 
 Witwould, Sir Willful, a pig- 
 headed gentleman in Congreve's 
 "Way of the World." 
 
 Worldly Wiseman, Mr., in Bun- 
 yan's "Pilgrim's Progress," tries to 
 persuade Christian from his journey. 
 
 Wray,, Enoch, an aged and noble 
 character in Crabbe's "Village." 
 
 Wraybiirn, Eugene, a calm and 
 briefless barrister in Dickens' "Our 
 Mutual Friend." 
 
 Wren, Jenny, doll's dressmaker in 
 Dickens' "Our Mutual Friend." 
 
 Wronghead, Sir Francis, a coun- 
 try gentleman, the hero of Van- 
 burgh's "The Provoked Husband." 
 
 Xury, a servant of Crusoe in De Foe's 
 "Robinson Crusoe." 
 
Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 
 
 Yellowley, Mistress Baby (Bar- 
 bara), sister and housekeeper of 
 Triptolemus, in Scott's "The Pi- 
 rate." 
 
 Yellowley, Triptolemus, a Scotch- 
 Yorkshireman, of agricultural ten- 
 dencies, in Scott's "The Pirate." 
 
 Yorick, a witty, heedless parson in 
 Sterne's "Tristram Shandy," reore- 
 sented as a descendant of Shake- 
 speare's jester of that name, in 
 "Hamlet." 
 
 Yseult or Isolde, beloved of Tris- 
 tram, celebrated in many mediaeval 
 romances, and in the "Tristram and 
 Yseult" of Matthew Arnold, and of 
 A. C. Swinburne. She was the wife 
 of King Mark, of Cornwall, and 
 mistress of his nephew, Tristram, 
 with whom she fell in love from 
 drinking a love-philter. She was 
 called Isolde the Fair. 
 
 Zadoc, in Dryden's "Absalom and 
 
 Achitophel," is Sancroft, Archbishop 
 of Canterbury. 
 
 Zanoni, alchemist, etc., the hero of 
 Bulwer's "Zanoni." He is a mem- 
 ber of an occult fraternity who deal 
 familiarly with the world of spirits, 
 can make precious stones and met- 
 als, and can live as long as they 
 please. 
 
 Zeluco, a prodigal nobleman, hero of 
 Dr. J. Moore's "Zeluco." 
 
 Zenobia, a beautiful woman in Haw- 
 thorne's "Blithedale Romance." 
 
 Zerbino, a Scotch warrior in Arios- 
 to's "Orlando Furioso." 
 
 Zimri, the Duke of Buckingham in 
 Dryden's "Absalom and Achitophel." 
 
 Zobeide, the favorite wife of Ha- 
 roun-Al-Raschid in "The Arabian 
 Nights." Her story is told in the 
 tale of the "Three Calendars." 
 
 Zodig, a rich Babylonian, hero of 
 Voltaire's novel of that name. 
 
 Zophiel, in Milton's "Paradise Lost," 
 the swiftest of the cherubim. 
 
 Zuleika, the heroine of Byron's 
 "Bride of Abydos." 
 
DECISIVE BATTLES 
 
 Marathon, B.C. 490. The Athe- 
 nians, under Miltiades, defeated the 
 Persians under Datis. Free govern- 
 ment preserved. 
 
 Syracuse, B.C. 414. The Athe- 
 nians defeated by the Syracusans and 
 their allies, the Spartans, under Gy- 
 lippus. 
 
 Arbela, B.C. 331. The Persians 
 defeated by the Macedonians and 
 Greeks under Alexander the Great. 
 End of the Persian Empire. 
 
 Metaurus, B.C. 207. The Car- 
 thaginians, under Hasdrubul, were de- 
 feated by the Romans, under Caius 
 and Marcus Livius. 
 
 Philippi, B.C. 42. Brutus and 
 Cassius defeated by Octavius and An- 
 tony. The fate of the Republic de- 
 cided. 
 
 Actium, B.C. 31. The combined 
 fleets of Antony and Cleopatra de- 
 feated by Octavius, and imperialism 
 established in the person of Octavius. 
 
 Winfeld-Lippe, AD. 9. Teu- 
 tonic independence established by the 
 defeat of the Roman legions under 
 Varus at the hands of the Germans 
 under Arminius (Hermann). 
 
 Chalons, A.D. 451. The Huns, 
 under Attila, called the "Scourge of 
 God," defeated by the confederate 
 armies of Romans and Visigoths. 
 
 Tours, A.D. 732. The Saracens 
 defeated by Charles Martel and Chris- 
 tendom rescued from Islam. 
 
 Hastings, A.D. 1066. Harold, 
 commanding the English army, de- 
 feated by William the Conqueror, and 
 a new regime established in England 
 by the Normans. 
 
 Siege of Orleans, A.D. 1429. 
 The English defeated by the French 
 under Joan of Arc. 
 
 Defeat of the Spanish Arma- 
 da, A.D. 1588. England saved from 
 Spanish invasion. 
 
 Iaitzen, A.D. 1632. Decided the 
 religious liberties of Germany, Gus- 
 tavus Adolphus killed. 
 
 Blenheim, A.D. 1704. The French 
 and Bavarians, under Marshal Tallard, 
 defeated by the English and their 
 allies, under Marlborough. 
 
 Pultowa, A.D. 1709. Charles 
 XII., of Sweden, defeated by the Rus- 
 sians under Peter the Great. 
 
 Saratoga, A.D. 1777. Critical bat- 
 tle of the American War of Indepen- 
 dence. The English defeated by the 
 Americans under Gen. Gates. 
 
 Valmy, A.D. 1792. An invading 
 army of Prussians, Austrians, and 
 Hessians, under the Duke of Bruns- 
 wick, defeated by the French under 
 Kellermann. The first success of the 
 Republic against foreigners. 
 
 Trafalgar. On the 21st of Octo- 
 ber A. D. 1805, the great naval battle 
 of Trafalgar was fought. The Eng- 
 lish defeated the French and destroyed 
 Napoleon's hopes to successfully in- 
 vade England. 
 
 Waterloo, A.D. 1815. The French 
 under Napoleon, defeated by the allied 
 armies of Russia, Austria, Prussia 
 and England, under Wellington. 
 
 Siege of Sebastopol, A.D. 1854-5. 
 The Russians succumbed to the be- 
 leaguering armies of England, France 
 and Turkey, and the result was delay 
 in expansion of the Russian Empire. 
 
 Gettysburg, July, A.D. 1863. The 
 deciding battle of the war for the 
 Union. Confederates under Gen. Lee 
 defeated by Union forces under Meade. 
 
 Sedan, A.D. 1870. The decisive 
 battle of the Franco-German War. 
 
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