Class E41 Book— ^JBaXfe OFFICIAL DONATION. o I — I en o ■ — i en en w en OT < n W E- I ! o OK 25 < 3 m o i — i < o I — t > O REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLAR EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA, IN RESPONSE TO THE RESOLUTION OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF DECEMBER 11, 1884. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1885. _ 03T 15 D.ofD, Oftf P <^~ 48th Congress, ) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. ( Ex. Doc. 2d Session. i \ No. 44 n EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. LETTER FROM THE SECEETAEY OF WAR, TRANSMITTING, In response to a resolution of the House, the report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska. December 10, lf84. — Referred (o the Committee on Naval Affairs /uul ordered to 1)6 printed. LETTERS OF TRANSMITTAL. War Department, Washington City, December 15, 1884. The Secretary of War Las the honor to transmit to the House of Representatives the report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, together with the letter of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, of this date, submitting the report to this Department, the same being furnished in response to the resolution of the House of Representatives of December 11, 1884, as follows : " Resolved, That the Secretary of War be requested to transmit to the House of Representa- tives, if not inconsistent with the public service, the report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, by Lieut. P. H. Ray, U. S. Army, for the years 1881, 1882, and 1883." ROBERT T. LINCOLN, Secretary of War. The Speaker of the House op Representatives. War Department, Office op the Chief Signal Officer, Washington City, December 15, 18S4. Sir : I have the honor to transmit herewith the report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, called for by resolution of House of Representatives of December 12, 1884. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. B. HAZEN, Brigadier and Brevet Major General, Chief Signal Officer, U. S. Army. The Hon. Secretary op War, Washington, D. C. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Washington, D. 0., November 1, 1S34. Sir : I have the honor to transmit herewith a full report of the operations of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, under my command, for the years 1881, 1882, and 1883. The work in meteorology and magnetism is as complete as it was possible to make it with the means placed at my disposal. The work of geographical exploration, having been made of secondary importance, was confined to such short expeditions as I was able to make from the home station, without suspending oi interfering with the regular work ; but enough was done to demonstrate that the work of explora- tion in the Arctic can be carried on, at any season of the year, with the assistance of the natives, with comparative safety and but very little suffering, and I trust that our experience will tend to remove some of the prejudices now existing in the public mind against Arctic exploration. I regret exceedingly that I was not given more time to prepare myself for this undertaking, as my previous training had not been of such a character as to fit me for it, except in the matter of command and equipment. I cannot speak too highly of the faithfulness and devotion of the members of the expedition to their duty. To their cheerful assistance and ready obedience is due all credit for the success attending the expedition. In preparing this report I have been placed under many obligations to Prof. Spencer F. Baird, Director of the United States National Museum, and to Prof. J. E. Hilgard, Superintendent United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, for advice, as well as valuable assistance in their departments; also to Mr. Charles A. Schott, assistant, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, for the reduc- tion and discussion- of the magnetic observations; to Mr. E. S. Avery, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, for the reduction and discussions of tides ; to Private A. L. McEae, Signal Corps, U. S. Army, for the reduction and discussion of the ground currents ; and to Sergt. John Murdoch, Signal Corps, U. S. Army, naturalist of the expedition, for his able and valuable assistance throughout the whole expedition, and in preparing this report. I am, very respectfullv, your obedient servant, P. H. EAY, First Lieutenant Eighth XI. 8. Infantry, A. 8. 0., Commanding Expedition. Chief Signal Officer, United States Army, Washington , D. (J. CONTENTS. Part I.— Orders and Instructions. Part II.— Narrative. Part III.-Ethnografhical sketch of the natives of Point Barrow (including vocabulary and list op ethnological specimens collected). Part IV.— Natural history. Part V.— Meteorology (including aurora). Part VI.— Magnetism. Part VII.— Tides. Part VIII.— Miscellaneous observations (earth currents, etc.). PAET I. ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS. [Special Orders No. 102.] Wai: Department, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, Washington, I). C, June 24, 1881. [Extract.] IV. By direction of the Secretary of War, the following-named officers, civilians, and enlisted men are assigned to duty as the expeditionary force to Point Barrow, Alaska Territory, viz : First Lieut. P. Henry Bay, Eighth Infantry, Acting Signal Officer; Acting Assistant Surgeon, George Scott Oldmixon, U. S. Army, ; Sergt. James Cassidy, Signal Corps, IT. S. Army, observer; Sergt. John Murdoch, Signal Corps, IT. S. Army (A. M., Harvard), naturalist and observer; Sergt. Middleton Smith, Signal Corps, IT. S. Army, naturalist and observer; Capt. E. P. Herendeeu, interpreter, storekeeper, &c. ; Mr. A. C. Dark, astronomer and magnetic observer (Coast Sur- vey); one carpenter; one cook ; one laborer. V. First Lieut. P. H. Boy, Eighth Infantry, Acting Signal Officer, is hereby assigned to the command of the expedition, and is charged with the execution of the orders and instructions given below. He will forward all reports and observations to the Chief Signal Officer, who is charged with the control and supervision of tne expedition. VI. As soon as practicable, Lieutenant Bay will sail with his party from San Francisco for Point Barrow, latitude 71° 27' north, longtitude 150° 15' West (Beechey), and establish there a permanent station of observation, to be occupied until the summer of 1SS4, when he will return here, unless other orders reach him. On the way out and back, a stoppage of a few days only will be made at Plover Bay (latitude Gl^ 22' 0" north, longtitude 173° 21' 32" west), for the purpose of determining the error and sea rate of his chronometers. The vessel conveying him to his destina- tion will not be detained at the permanent station longer than is necessary to unload the stores. W. B. HAZEN, Brigadier and Brevet Major-General, Chief Signal Officer, U. S. Army. Official: Louis V. Caziarc, First Lieutenant, Second Artillery, Acting Signal Officer, [Instructions No. 76.] War Department, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, Washington, D. C, June 24, 1SS1. The following general and detailed instructions will govern in tbe establishment and manage- ment of the expedition organized under Special Orders !N"o. 102, War Department, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, Washington, D. C, dated June 24, 1881. Thu permanent station will be established at the most suitable point in the vicinity, and, if practicable, at or in the immediate neighborhood of Point Barrow, Alaska Territory, (latitudo 71° 27' north; longitude 150° 15' west, as determined by Beechey). 8 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. The chronometers will be rated at San Francisco, and will have their sea rates determined by an observation of time at the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey station at Plover Bay (latitude 61° 22' 0" north; longitude 173° 21' 32" west). The vessel should, on arrival at the permanent station, discharge her cargo with the utmost dispatch, and at once be ordered to return to San Francisco, Cal. Before permitting the vessel to leave, a careful examination of the vicinity will be made and the exact site chosen for the per- manent station will be located in latitude and longitude, chronometrically, both by Lieutenant Ray and by the navigator of the vessel independently, and a report in writing will be sent by the returning vessel. By the same means will be sent a transcript of all meteorological and other observations made during the voyage, and also a list of apparatus and stores known to be broken, missing and needed, to be supplied next year. After the departure of the vessel, the energies of the party should first be devoted to the erec- tion of the houses required for dwellings, stores, and observatories. Special instructions regarding the meteorological, magnetic, tidal, pendulum, and such other observations as were recommended by the Hamburg International Polar Conference, are trans- mitted herewith. Careful attention will be given to the collection of specimens of the animal, mineral, and vege- table kingdoms. These collections are to be made as complete as possible, and are to be consid- ered the property of the Government of the United States, and are to be at its disposal. The collections in natural history and ethnology are made for, and will bo transferred to, the National Museum. It is contemplated that the permanent station will be visited in 18S2, 18S3, and 1884 by a steam or sailing vessel, by which supplies for, and such additions to, the present party as are deemed needful will be sent. Lists of stores required to bo sent by the next season's vessel will be for- warded by each returning boat. The subject of fuel and native food-supply, its procurement and preservation, will receive full and careful attention, as soon after the establishment of the post as practicable. Full reports upon this subject will be expected. A special copy of all reports w r ill be made each day, which will be sent home each year by the returning vessel. The full narrative of the several branches will be prepared with accuracy, leaving the least possible amount of work afterwards to prepare them for publication. In case of any fatal accident or permanent disability happening to Lieutenant Ray, the com- mand will devolve on the officer next in seniority, who will be governed by these instructions. W. B. HAZEN, Brigadier and Brevet Major- General, Chief Signal Officer, U. S. Army. Official : Louis V. Caziarc, First Lieutenant, Second Artillery, Acting Signal Officer. INSTRUCTIONS FOR TEE COMMANDING OFFICERS OF TEE INTERNATIONAL POLAR STATIONS OCCUPIED BY TEE SIGNAL SERVICE. I. General. 1. Regular meteorological and other observations will be maintained uninterruptedly, both at sea and at the permanent station, in accordance with instructions issued to Signal Service observers and those contained in the accompanying extract from the proceedings of the Hamburg conference, to which special notes are appended where needed. 2. The original record of these observations will be kept in the blank books supplied for this purpose, and a fair copy of the corrected and reduced results will be made upon Signal Service and special forms, as supplied in bound volumes. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 9 3. At sea a daily record will be kept, by dead reckoning and astronomical observations, of the latitude and longitude of the vessel, by which the positions at the times of meteorological observations will be deduced, and on arriving at the permanent station the local time and longitude will be immediately determined, whence the Washington and Gottingen times will be found by applying the correction for longitude. 4. All meteorological and tidal observations will be made at exact hours of Washington civil time. (The longitude of Washington Observatory is 5 h 8™ 12 s .09 west of Greenwich.) The regular magnetic observations will be made at even hours and minutes of Gottingen mean time. (Gottingen is h 39 m 46 s .24 east of Greenwich, or 5 1 ' 47'" 58 s .33 cast of Washington ; whence 12 noon Wash- ington time is simultaneous with 5 h 47'" 58 s .33 p. m. Gottingen time, or G 1 ' 12 m l s .67 a. m. Wash- ington time is simultaneous with 12 noon at Gottingen.) If hourly meteorological observations of all these phenomena cannot be taken, then, if possible, take bi-hourly observations at the hours 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 a. m. and p. m., or at least six observa- tions at 3, 7, and 11 a. m. and p. m. On no account will the meteorological observation at 7 a.%., Washington time, be omitted. 5. Upon arrival at the permanent station the local time and longitude will be determined at once, without waiting for the erection of permanent shelters which will be built for the meteorolog- ical, magnetic, and astronomical instruments, according to the plans and material as specified. The meteorological and astronomical observatories will be located conveniently near to the dwelling of the observers, but that of the magnetic observatory will be determined by the con- sideration that these instruments must be removed from all danger of being affected by the presence of steel or iron, including galvanized and tinned iron. If needed to keep off intruders, a guard or fence should surround the magnetic observatory. 0. The observation of tides will be made as complete as possible in summer by a gauge on the shore, and in winter through an opening in the ice, according to the instructions furnished by the Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. The necessity for observing the tides Avill suggest that the dwelling-house should be located as near the sea as is safe and con- venient. 7. In addition to the ship's log aud the official journal of the party, to be kept by the com- manding officer, and the official record of observations, to be kept by the meteorological, magnetic, tidal, and astronomical observers, each member of the party will be furnished with a diary, in which he will record all such incidentaas specially interest him. This diary will not be open to inspection until delivered to the Chief Signal Officer for his sole use in compiling the full record of the expedition. 8. Accurate representations, either by the photographic process or sketching, will be made of all phenomena of an unusual character, or of whatever is characteristic of the country. 9. Carefully prepared topographical maps will be made of as much of the surrounding country as is practicable. II. Detailed instructions concerning observations, instruments, and time, by the INTERNATIONAL POLAR CONFERENCE, HAMBURG, 1879, OCTOBER 1 TO 5. [Translated at the office of the Chief Signal Officer, with added notes iu brackets.] 1. OBLIGATORY OBSERVATIONS IN THE DOMAIN OF METEOROLOGY No. 17. Temperature of the air.— The mercurial thermometers should be graduated to two- tenths degrees Centigrade, and the alcohol thermometers to whole degrees, and both verified at a central meteorological station to within one-tenth degree Centigrade. [The thermometers furnished are graduated to Fahrenheit ; they have been compared with the Sigual Service standard, and are provided with correction cards.] No. 18. The instruments should be placed at an altitude of between 1.5 and 2.0 meters (5 to 6 feet), and it is recommended that they be exposed in a double shelter of lattice work, according to H. Ex. 44 2 10 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. Willi's method. The outer shelter to be of wood, the iuuer of metal. The observations of minimum thermometers can be made under various conditious. [The shelters furnished consist of an outer wooden louvre work and an inner galvanized iron shelter, both framed so as to be easily set up. The minimum temperatures at various altitudes above ground will be observed, and under such various conditions as circumstances suggest.] Xo. 10. The alcohol thermometers ought to be compared at the station of observation with tho standard mercurial thermometer at the lowest possible temperatures.* Xo. 20. Sea temperatures should be observed, whenever possible, at the surface and at each 10 meters (about 33 feet) of depth ; as instruments, proper for this observation, the following may be specified : deep-sea thermometers, as manufactured or invented by Ekmann ; Xegretti & Zain- bra : Miller-Casella : Jansen. [While at sea the temperature of the surface water will be observed hourly, with the Signal Service water thermometer, by the ordinary methods, and the temperature at each 33 feet of depth, whenever practicable ; for greater depths, one of the above deep-sea instruments will be used.] No. 21. The point 0° Centigrade (32° Fahrenheit), for all the thermometers should be deter- mined from time to time. [The testing of thermometers will be made quarterly, according to the usual Signal Service rules.] No. 22. Pressure of the air. — At each station there must be at least two well-compared mer- curial barometers, a reserve barometer, and an aneroid. Xo. 23. The standard barometer ought to be compared or read once each day. [Several mercurial and aneroid barometers are furnished, and all regular observations will be made from a mercurial barometer, selected from among them, which will be compared, once each day, with the standard barometer. All barometers will be fully compared with the standard once- each month ; such comparative readings will be entered on the regular Signal Service forms for this purpose.] No. 24. Humidity. — The psyehrometers (i. e., dry and wet bulb) aud hair hygrometer will be used with Begnault's dew-point apparatus as a check, according to Wild's instructions. [Comparative readings, with these instruments, will be frequently made and carefully pre- served for future study.] No. 25. The tcind. — The wind-vane and Bobinson's anemometer are to be read from within the house (seethe method of construction of the apparatus of the Swedish station at Spitsbergen), at the same time ; the force of the wind will be estimated according to the Beaufort scale and the wind- direction to sixteen compass points, referred to the true meridian. [The points of the compass on the wind-dial will be adjusted to the true meridian as is ordered for all Signal Service stations ; self-registering instruments of the Signal Service pattern for the velocity and direction of the wind to eight points will be used. A record of wind-force on the Beaufort scale (0 to 12), and wind-direction to sixteen points will also be kept and will be entered in the special column.] No. 2G. To aid in deciding the question whether the Bobinson's auemometer, with large or with small cups, should be used for determining the force of storms in the Polar zone, it is rec- ommended that both such be subjected to preliminary experiments. [Anemometers of the Signal Service pattern, having small cups and short arms, are. the only ones that it is convenient to furnish. For comparative purposes keep two of these iu permanent daily use, exposiug them in different but good localities. The extra anemometers should be compared with tbese during twenty-four hours on the first Monday of each month, and a full record bo kept of such comparisons.] No. 27. The clouds. — The amount of cloudiness and the direction of the movement of all clouds should be observed to sixteen compass points. [In addition, the kinds of clouds will be noted, and the record kept in the usual Signal Service form.] " For notes ou special thermometers, prepared for the Signal Service stations, see Section III of these instruc- tions EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. H No. 28. Precipitation.— The commencement and duration of rain, snow, bail, &c, and, when possible, the amount of precipitation, is to be observed. As to the amount, however, tliis is not obligatory in wiuter. [There will be recorded regularly, and, if practicable, hourly, the amount of precipitation, measured if possible, otherwise estimated.] >>(>. 29. The weather. — Storms, thunder-storms, bail, fog, frost, dew, &c, and the optical phenomena of the atmosphere ought to be recorded. 2. OBLIGATORY OBSERVATIONS IN THE DOMAIN OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM.* No. 30. Absolute determinations. — For declination and inclination it is necessary to attain an accuracy of 1.0 minute, for horizontal intensity of 0.001. The proper instruments are, for example, the portable theodolite of Lamout and the ordinary dip-needles. No. 31. Tbe absolute observations must be executed in close connection and synchronous with the readings of the variations instruments, in order to be able to reduce the data given by the latter to an absolute normal value, and to determine the zero point of the scales. The determinations must be made so frequently that the changes in the absolute value of the zero point of the scales of the variations apparatus can be accurately checked thereby. No. 32. Observations of variations. — These ought to include the three elements and be made by means of instruments, with small needles, in contrast to the apparatus of Gauss. In order to obtain an uninterrupted reciprocal control, two complete sets of A'ariations instruments are desirable, and recommended, in order to avoid any interruption of the observations, by reason of breakage, derangement, &c. [One set of these instruments is now provided, but a second set may be sent in 1882.] No. 33. The horizontal intensity in one, at least, of these systems should be observed with the uninM'ar apparatus. Because of the magnitude of the perturbations to be observed, the scales of the variations instruments must have at least a range of ten degrees, and the arrangements are to be so made that the greatest possible simultaneity of the readings may be achieved. No. 34. During the entire period of occupancy of the station the variations instruments will be read hourly. It is desirable that two readings be made; for instance, just before and after the full hour, with an interval of a few minutes between. No. 35. Weyprecht presented the following separate note on this point: "Since it appears to me that in these regions of almost perpetual disturbances, hourly readings, made at moments not well defined, are insufficient to establish mean values accurately expressing the local perturbations for a given epoch (which data ought to serve as a means of comparison with other localities), and in consideration of the slight increase of labor which will be caused by taking readings at precise moments, I cannot agree with the views of the majority of the Confer- ence." "I state that at least the expedition conducted by myself will take readings hourly of all three variations instruments at 5S m s , 50"' 3 ; G0 m 8 ; 01 m s ; 62 m 3 ; Gottingen mean time." "WEYPRECHT." [Observations will be taken as specified by Weyprecht.] No. 30. As term days, the first and fifteenth day of each month will be observed from midnight to midnight, Gottingen time. The readings will be faken at intervals of five minutes, always on the full minutes, and the three elements are to be read with all possible rapidity, one after the other, in the following order : 1. Horizontal intensity ; 2. Declination; 3. Vertical intensity. No. 37. For these term days, the plan of magnetic work should comprehend continuous read- ings, for instance, readings every twenty seconds — throughout one whole hour — even though only one magnetic element be observed. It is the opinion of the Conference that the observations should begin so that one of the hours of observation shall agree Avith the first hour of the 1st of January, and that during the entire period of magnetic work the hours devoted to this continuous observation should be changed on each successive semi-monthly term day. *For special instructions iu magnetic "work, furnished by the Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, see Section IV of these instructions. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. No. 3S. Tne accuracy of the magnetic observations should be such as to give the declination to the nearest minute and the horizontal and vertical intensity in units of the fourth decimal place. No. 39. On the term days, observations of auroras are also to be made continuously. More- over, auroras are also to be observed from hour to hour throughout the period of magnetic observa- tions, and especially in reference to their form and momentary position in altitude and true azimuth. The intensity of the light is to be estimated on a scale of 1, 2, 3, 4. No. 40. Isolated auroral phenomena must be made the subject of thorough observations in connection with which the various phases are to be noted simultaneously with readings of the magnetic variations instruments. [Those of the party not engaged at the magnetic instruments will observe and record auroral phenomena.] No. 41. Since the greatest possible simultaneity in the readings is a point of the highest impor- tance, the determinations of the location and of the time are to be made with instruments having firm foundations (such as the universal instrument or astronomical theodolite, the vertical circle, zenith telescope, astronomical transit, &c.); this, however, does not exclude the use of reflecting instruments of a superior class. By all means, therefore, must efforts be made to determine the geographical position, and especially the longitude of the station, as soon as possible after it has been occupied. [The first approximate longitude of the station, as determined by chronometers, will be checked as frequently as possible by lunar distances, occultatious, &c, and the value adopted in the daily work of the station will be revised as often as necessary, preferably at the end of each quarter-. The details of the magnetic observations will be regulated according to the instructions published by the Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.] 3. ELECTIVE OBSERVATIONS. No. 42. The Conference recommends the following observations and investigations most earn- estly to the consideration of all those, to whom is intrusted the preparation of instructions for an expedition or who themselves are assigned to such work. No. 43. Meteorological. — The diminution of temperature with altitude, the temperature of the earth, of the snow, and of the ice at the different depths should be determined. [The forms of the snow-crystals should be recorded by careful drawings ; the amount of hoar- frost accumulated on some well-exposed object should bo measured by the use of the scales fur- nished by the medical department. Apparatus is ordered to be provided for the preservation of air and of air-dust for future analysis.] No. 44. Observations of insolation (or solar radiation) are to be made, as well as observations on spontaneous evaporation, which latter can be made during the winter by weighing cubes of ice, and during the summer by the evaporimeters. [A shallow circular vessel of water, whether fluid or frozen, exposed to the open air and sun- shine, should have its loss of weight determined, daily or oftener, by delicate scales.] No. 45. Magnctical. — From time to time absolute simultaneous readings of all three elements of terrestrial magnetism must be made in order to accurately determine the ratio between the simultaneous changes of the horizontal and those of vertical intensity. No. 46. Galvanic earth currents. — Observations are desired of earth currents in intimate con- nection with magnetic observations and the auroral phenomena. [Telegraph lines of well-insulated wire, extending a short distance north and south and also east and west, and furnished with resistance coils and deflection needles, are supplied, and every effort should be made to carry out these observations.] No. 47. ffydrographic investigations. — Observations of the direction and strength of the ocean currents and the movements of the ice. No. 48. Deep sea soundings and observations upon the physical properties of the sea water, for instance, determination of the temperature, specific density, gaseous contents, &c, and these objects should be especially kept in view in the selection of a vessel for the expedition, Observa- tions on tides, when possible, should be, made with the self-registering apparatus. EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 13 [With regard to tidal observations, the instructions published by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey are to be followed. Glass-stoppered bottles are provided for preserving speci- mens of sea water to be brought back for examination.] No. 49. Parallax of the aurora. — Determination should be made of the altitude of the aurora by means of measurements made for example with the meteorograph, which must be made by small detached parties of observation, having also, if possible, one party observing simultaneously the variations of magnetic declination. [Particular attention will be paid to determining the apparent position in altitude and azimuth of bright meteors and shooting stars and of definite portions of the aurora borealis, and to draw- ings of the appearances presented by the phenomena, as seen by observers situated as far apart (say one-half to five miles) as possible; in these drawings the auroral phenomena should appear in their proper positions relatively to the horizon, meridian, fixed stars, &c, and to that end eacli member of the party, without exception, will learn the names and configurations of the stars' shown upon the map of stars furnished you. A suppjly of these maps is furnished, sufficient to allow of using them as base charts upon which to enter the observed phenomena in special cases! Attention is called to the points of inquiry suggested in the Annual Beport of the Chief Signal Officer, 187G, pp. 301-335.] No. 50. Observations of, 1, atmospheric electricity; 2, astronomical and terrestrial refractions ; 3, length of the simple second's pendulum ; 4, observations on the formation and growth of floating ice and glaciers. [Attention is called to the observations on the formation of ice made by Nares and other explorers. The pendulum observations will be made in accordance with special Coast Survey instructions.] No. 51. Observations and collections in the realms of zoology, botany, geology, &c. [The instructions given by Prof. Spencer F. Baird to the naturalist will be followed by him.] No. 52. There will also be made special observations relating to the whole polar problem, such as the flight of birds, presence of drift-wood, and from what direction it came, and other matters as may suggest themselves from time to time and be found practicable. III. Special instructions relative to care and use of special thermometers. [Sec paragraph 19, page 10.] The construction of the minimum standard thermometers designed for the Arctic stations having been intrusted to the Thermometric Bureau of the Winchester Observatory of Yale Col- lege, the astronomer in charge of that institution furnishes the following special instructions, which will be carefully followed: "New Haven, May 30, 1881. 11 GENERAL REMARKS AND DIRECTIONS CONCERNING THE SIGNAL SERVICE MINIMUM STAND- ARDS, NOS. 1 TO 12 INCLUSIVE, CONSTRUCTED BY THE WINCHESTER OBSERVATORY OP YALE COLLEGE. — J. AND H. J. GREEN, MECHANICIANS. " Materials. — The alcohol, carbon di-sulphide, and ethyl oxide used are as pure as the chemical processes will admit. For thermometric purposes they may be assumed chemically pure. There is no more air above the liquid columns than is accidentally admitted in the process of sealing the tubes. In this respect these standards are different from the ordinary spirit thermometers. It is probable that the great purity of the alcohol will render it nearly as valuable for temper- atures below — 80° Fahrenheit — as the car.bon and ether thermometers. " Directions for carriage. — It is highly desirable that these thermometers should be kept, as nearly as possible, in the same condition as on leaving the observatory. For this purpose they have been carefully packed in a vertical position, and care must be taken to see that they are so repacked, with the bulb down. Owing to the low boiling points of the ether and carbon di-sul- phide they are not (probably) accurate at temperatures above + 00° Fahrenheit, but they will remain clear and limpid at temperatures below zero, at which the alcohol thermometers may (but. 14 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. hardly probably) show viscidity. It is desirable, therefore, that, preference be given to theso standards over any other standards for extremely low temperatures, aud in establishing the meteorological observatory at which the greatest cold is expected, special attention should bo given to the ether and carbon di-sulphide thermometers. " Suggestions in their use. — Before mounting these thermometers in their stations, they should be carefully swung or jarred so that no spirit can be detected (with a magnifying glass) adhering to their upper ends. They should be inclined (with the bulb end nearest the ground) as far as it is safe, and have the index stand in its place, by its own friction against the side of the tube, so that -he drainage may be as perfect as possible.* "All readings should be recorded in millimeters, and it should be remembered that the accom- panying tabular corrections (see the correction cards) are meant to give only approximate temperatures. A careful comparison of all the thermometers from 1 to 12 has been made between and 90° and Nos. 1, 5, and 9 have been kept by the observatory for experiments at temperatures below 0° F. " These are probably the best thermometers ever sent into the Arctic regions, and special care should be taken to insure the safe return of the records, and, though less important, tho instruments." IV. Special instructions prepared by the united states coast and geodetic survey POR observations in terrestrial magnetism at point barrow and lady frank- lin BAY. [These instructions will be applied, when suitable, to the observations ordered in preceding pages, but they will also furnish a guide to the minimum number of observations to be taken in case of accidents occurring to prevent full compliance with the plan proposed by the International Polar Commission.] As soon as the quarters of the expedition have been fixed upon, a magnetic house will be erected, in which the regular magnetic observations, as described below, will be made ; other observations will be made when on boat or sledge trips. Instruments. — For use at the magnetic observatory, there will be provided a magnetometer, for absolute and differential declination and for horizontal magnetic intensity, to be permanently mounted on a stone pier. In connection with this instrument a meridian or azimuth mark will be established a short distance off the observatory, and visible from it through an opening in the wall. The astronomical bearing of this mark will be carefully determined by means of an alt- azimuth instrument and solar or stellar observations. In the same house, but on a separate pier, Avill be mounted a Kew dip circle, and in the case of Point Barrow, a third instrument, a bifilar magnetometer, will also be permanently mounted on its pier. At Point Barrow the magnetometer (or unifilar) and the bifilar instruments will be mounted in the magnetic meridian and at a distance of not less than twelve feet, and the dip circle will be mounted equidistant from these instruments, forming an equilateral triangle. At Lady Franklin Bay the two instruments will be mounted in the plane of the magnetic prime vertical, and not less than twelve feet apart. No iron is to be used in the construction of these buildings, and they should be not nearer than fifty yards to any other building, or double that distance to any large mass of iron. Special reading-lamps (of copper) must be provided for use with the instruments, and they must be tested to make sure that they do not affect the position of the magnets. The use of candles stuck into wooden blocks is preferable to using lamps. When on boat or sledge journeys the party will carry a chronometer, a small alt-azimuth instrument with circles of about three inches diameter (as constructed by Fauth & Co., of Washington, or by Casella, of London), provided with a magnetic needle or compass mounted over its vertical axis, and a dip circle. Observations at the permanent station. — Hourly observations will be made, for declination and diurnal variation, with the magnetometer on three consecutive days about the middle of each * This method couforms to that followed at all signal stations with minimum thermometers, except as to degree of inclination, wherein these suggestions should be most carefully followed. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 15 month; besides these observations, extending over seventy-two hours, there will be made at any convenient intermediate time each day (of the three) one set of deflections, followed immediately by a set of oscillations for the determination of the horizontal intensity. At Point Barrow the bifilar will be read immediately after the unifilar. There will also be made at any intermediate time each day (of the three) a set of dip observations. In connection with the declination, the mark will be read once each day (unless the instrument should accidently be disturbed), but it suffices to determine the magnetic axis of the declination magnet on one of the three days. The instrumental constants of the magnetometer will be determined before leaving Washington, and the observers will use the Coast and Geodetic Survey magnetic blank forms for their records, or, in case no special forms are provided, they will use small (octavo) note books ; they will also compute, as soon as the observations are completed, each mouth, the magnetic mean declination, diurnal range, and turning hours, also the horizontal force in absolute measure (English nnits) and the dip, talulating the results for each day. Extra observations on other than the three days about the middle of each mouth will be made during all occurrences of auroral displays, but as they are likely to be very numerous at Point Barrow, observers there may confine their extra observations to the more conspicuous displays only. On these occasions the declinometer (and the bifilar at Point Barrow) will be read, say, every ten minutes, or at shorter or longer intervals, as the state of the needle may appear to demand, the object being to establish a connection between the appearances of the. aurora and the motion of the magnetic needle. When landing on a boat journey, or during a sledge journey at suitable stations (not less than ten or fifteen miles apart), the time, latitude, and azimuth will be determined by the alt-azimuth instrument, and the declination by the same instrument (the hour and minute of the observation is to be noted, in order that the diurnal variation may be allowed for) ; the dip will also be observed, aud in case time is pressing, reversal of circle, reversal of face of needle, and reversal of polarity may be dispensed with, but the needed correction to the result, from the single position of the instrument, must be ascertained at the permanent station. Observations of deflections (with magnetic needle and with weights) will be made with the dip circle, as arrauged for relative and absolute total force, the data for the latter to be supplied at the permanent station. It is highly desirable, especially in the case of the Lady Franklin Bay party, that all stations within reach and formally occupied by other parties for magnetic purposes be revisited, in order to furnish material from which to deduce the secular change during the interval; besides, all oppor- tunities should be taken when landing on the way up to secure observations for declination, dip, and intensity — the latter best by oscillations of the intensity magnet. The winter quarters of the late English expedition should be connected magnetically with the present quarters. [All magnetic observations will be made on Gottingen time, as provided for by the Hamburg- Conference.] All magnetic records will be kept strictly in conformity with "Notes on Measurements of Terrestrial Magnetism," United States Coast Survey, Washington, 1877, and other records in con- nection therewith should be equally clear and complete, and all computations should be made by the observer in separate books. Duplicates of all records will be made, compared with the original, and the latter returned, annually, if practicable, to the Chief Signal Officer for the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D. C. The observers should also provide themselves with copies of the "Admiralty Manual of Scientific Enquiry," the -'Arctic Manual and Instructions," 1875, and "Aurora?, their characters and spectra," by J. R. Caprpn, 1880, also with "Terrestrial and Cosmical Magnetism," by E. Walker, 18GG, and any other work they may require for their information. V. Additional special instructions. The rules prescribed in "Instructions for the Expedition toward the North Pole," as pub- lished (in pamphlet) by authority of the Hon. George M. Robeson, Secretary of the Navy, and those contained in "Suggestions Relative to Objects of Scientific Investigation in Russian America," both of which are furnished, will be followed as closely as circumstances permit. 16 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. VI. Memorandum of outfit. LIST OF APPARATUS TO BE FURNISHED TO POINT BARROW, AND WITH SOME EXCEPTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO LADY FRANKLIN BAY. GEOGRAPHICAL AND ASTEONOMICAL APPARATUS. One surveyor's compass and tripod ; one 100-fcet chain or steel tape ; one prismatic compass; one set of pins ; one altitude and azimuth, 6-inch circles ; one meridian transit, about 2 or 3 inches aperture; two extra level tubes for low temperatures for meridian transit; three sextants; three artificial horizons; eight marine chronometers (mean time);* one marine chronometer (sidereal);* two pocket chronometers (mean time);* one house (astronomical observatory), plan to be sup- plied; charts of the Alaska coast from the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. Magnetic apparatus. — One complete magnetometer — Fauth & Co. — unifilar declinometer — cat- alogue No. 70, price $400, extra light needles and mirror for auroral disturbances; one Kew dip circle, large size; one bifilar magnetometer; one magnetic observatory building. (Sec plan.) Tidal apparatus. — One level and staff; two pulleys and weight and float; fifty glass-stoppered bottles for specimens of sea-water. Pendulum apparatus. — Pendulum apparatus will be carried and used by a special temporary party from the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. [Deep sea sounding. — Will be left to the United States Coast Survey.] Meteorological apparatus. — One instrument shelter of open wooden louvre work, made in sec- tions (see plan); one inner thermometer shelter of open galvanized iron louvre work, made in sections (see plan); twelve mercurial thermometers, ordinary stem divided; two metallic thermom- eters; twelve spirit thermometers, ordinary stem divided; six mercurial thermometers, maximum stem divided; six spirit thermometers, minimum stem divided; six special minimum thermometers, from Tale College; four psychrometers, mercurial, wet-bulb; one dew point apparatus; Eognault's as modified by Alluard. with extra thermometers for low and high temperature; six water ther- mometers and three cases, Signal Service pattern, for surface temper atuies: two pairs Marie- Davy's conjugate thermometers for solar radiation ; two pairs Violle's conjugate bulbs for solar radiation (will be sent next year) ; two Hicks's thermometers for terrestrial radiation (will be sent next year) ; two mercurial marine barometers ; four mercurial cistern barometers (Green, Signal Service pattern), large bore, reading to thousandths ; three aneroid barometers (Casella's make) ; two hair hygrometers ; two self-registers, one double and one single, for anemometers and anem- oscopes (Signal Service pattern — Gibbon or Eccard) ; six extra attached thermometers for ba- rometers ; six extra barometer tnbes for barometers ; four rain-gauges, two copper and two galvanized iron ; six divided sticks for measuring rain and snow; ten pounds pure mercury; four anemometers (Robinson's) ; four arms and cups and four spindles, for Robinson's anemometer, for repairs ; two vanes, small ; one large vane, complete ; one Eccard contact (interior) ; ten battery cells (Eagle) and supplies for same for three years; two thousand yards insulated wire; four tele- phones and two call bells; one galvanometer for obstruction of ground currents; one hundred feet cable for the double self- register ; four box sounders; one delicate scale and one medicine chest (from medical department); apparatus for collecting air and atmospheric dust; six dark lanterns for observers' use (brass or copper). Signal apparatus. — Two Grugan's heliographs; four sets signal kits complete; six signal code cards. Blanlc books and forms. — Twelve diaries for 1881, 1882, and 1883, respectively, one to bo kept by eaeh man ; two hundred and fifty books for original record of meteorological observations; fifty blank books for magnetic observations, allowing two pages daily and extra pages on special days ; fifty blank books for daily journal, for miscellaneous observations ; twenty-five blank books for tidal observations, allowing one page daily ; twenty-five blank books for astronomical obser- * If practicable these will be rated at various temperatures at the Horological Bureau of the Observatory of Yale College. EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 17 vations ; lifty volumes, Form 4, for copy of original record; three hundred star charts, for auroras, &o. ; one hundred forms for comparison of barometers; eight hundred forms for anemometer register. Books. — Instructions to Observers, Signal Service, U. S. Army; Annual Reports of the Chief Signal Officer, from 1873 to 1SS0, inclusive; Loomis's Treatise on Meteorology; Buchan's Handy Book of Meteorology ; Kaintz's Meteorology (Walker's translation); Mohn's Meteorology (original German); Schinid's Meteorology (original German); Smithsonian Instructions for register of periodical phenomena ; Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, A^ol. I ; Guyot's Meteorological and Physical Tables : Crelle's Multiplication Tables ; Blanford's Indian Meteorologist's Vade Mecum, Parts I, I T, III ; Loomis's Practical Astronomy ; Church's Trigonometry; Chauvenct's Practical Astronomy ; Bowditch's Navigator ; Bowditch's Useful Tables ; Lee's Collection of Tables and Formula; American Nautical Almanac for 1881, 1S82, and 1883; Admiralty Manual of Scientific Inquiry, 4th ed. ; Admiralty Manual and Instructions for Arctic Expedition, 1875 ; Nares's, &c, Reports of English Arctic Expedition; Nares's Narrative of Voyage to Polar Sea, London, 1878; Dall's Meteorology of Alaska from Pacific Coast Pilot, United States Coast Survey ; Dall's Re- sources of Alaska ; Harkness on Sextants, United States Naval Observatory, observations for 18G9, Appendix 1, pages 51 to 57 ; Charts, United States Hydrographic Office, No. G8, and British Admiralty, Nos. 593, 21G4, 2435; Chambers's Descriptive Astronomy; Bremiker's edition of Vega's Logarithmic Tables ; Barlow's Tables ; W. S. Harris's Rudimentary Magnetism ; Coast Survey Papers on Time, Latitude, Longitude, Magnetics, and Tidal Observations ; Everett's Translation of Deschancl ; Jenkin — Electricity and Magnetism, 4th ed., New York, 1879; Reports of the United States Eish Commission on Dredging; Sigsbee on Deep-Sea Sounding, &c. (United States Coast Survey Report) ; Markham's Collection of Papers Relating to Arctic Geography, London, 1877 ; Schott's Reduction of Observations of Hayes and Sonntag ; Schott's Reduction of Observations of Dr. Ivane ; Schott's Reduction of Observations of McClintock ; Manual of Military Telegraphy; Mycr's Manual of Signals; J. R. Capron, Aurora; : their characters and spectra; E.Walker, Terrestrial and Cosmical Magnetism ; Pope's Modern Practice of the Electric Telegraph; Instruc- tions for the Expedition toward the North Pole, from Hon. George M. Robeson, Secretary of the Navy ; Suggestions Relative to Objects of Scientific Investigation in Russian America ; stationery as ordinarily supplied ; drawing paper and instruments. All officers and observers of the expedition are charged to at once familiarize themselves in detail with these instructions, and in the practice of the duties they prescribe, together with a thorough knowledge of the instruments and their use; and commanding officers arc specially charged to see that these requirements are observed. Official memorandum to accompany instructions No. 70. W. B. HAZEN, Brigadier and Brevet Major- General, Chief Signal Officer, U. 8. Army, Official : Louis V. Caziarc, First Lieutenant, Second Artillery, Acting Signal Officer, H. Ex. 44 3 PART IT. NARRATIVE By LIEUT. P. H. RAY. 19 2. =CI3= JO. fl 4: JO. 2. .9 5. Scale: .7 inch = 10 feet, GROUND PLAN, V. S. SIGNAL STATION, UGLAAMIE, ALASKA. 1. Commanding officer. 3. Office and dining-ioom. 5. Sleepiug-room. 7. Storehouse. 9. Bastion. 2. bleeping-rooms. 4. Kitchen. 6. Wash-room. 8. Instrument-shelter. 10. Storm-doors. Official. V. H. KAY, First Lieutenant Eighth Infantry, A. S. O. NARRATIVE. On the 18th day of July, 1881, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, Ave sailed from San Francisco, Cal., on board the schooner Golden Fleece, a staunch little schooner of one hundred and fifty tons burden, and, being towed outside the heads, we began our voyage in the teeth of a strong northwest gale; and it was three days before the reefs were shaken out of our sails. The expedition, on the day of sailing, was organized as follows : First Lieut. P. H. Kay, Eighth Infantry, commanding; Act. Asst. Surg. George S. Oldmixon, U. S. Army, surgeon; E. P. Heren- deeu, interpreter ; Sergt. James Cassidy, Signal Corps, U. S. Army, observer; Sergt. John Murdoch, Signal Corps, U. S. Army, observer; Sergt. Middleton Smith, TJ. S. Army., observer; Mr. A. C. Dark, astronomer; Vincent Bandit, carpenter ; Albert Wright, cook ; Frank Peterson, laborer. With one exception, all were strangers to me, and I subsequently had occasion to regret tbat more time was not given and care exercised in selecting the -personnel, especially those intended for the scientific work. For even with experienced observers it is very difficult to do accurate work in this high latitude. The voyage was uneventful. Owing to adverse winds and calms, it was not until August 9 that we raised the high lands of the Aleutian peninsula to the eastward of Ounimak Pass. A succession of calm days left us at the mercy of the currents, which here are strong to the eastward, and carried us in sight of Kadiak, before a breeze sprung up that would enable us to bear up for the pass. We entered it on the afternoon of the 15th, when the wind fell, but the tide serving, we drifted through during the night. After entering Bearing Sea we had stronger winds, and after clearing the pass we were enabled to stand on our course, which carried us about sixty miles to the eastward of the Pribyloff Islands. On the morning of the 19th we sighted the island of Saint Mathews, passing three miles to the eastward of it, its highest peaks only showing above the fog. We were favored with fair, strong winds from this time on until we arrived at Plover Bay, Siberia, where we anchored at C> p. m. August 21. The weather being stormy, we were unable to get a sight of the sun until the 24th, when a series of excellent observations were obtained. This delay proved fortunate for us, for on the 22d the IT. S. revenue steamer Corwin came into the harbor for coal. Her master, Captain Hooper, reported the ice very light in the lower latitudes of the Arctic Ocean; so much so that he had been enabled to reach Wrangel Land, a point never heretofore attained. To him we became indebted for a fine supply of reindeer clothing and tents, which he had collected in view of a possibility of his wintering in the Arctic. The supply came very opportunely, as we had been unable to obtain any deer-skins at San Francisco and were depending upon sheep-skins for our winter clothing. We found that our chronometers were running steadily and well, and, after laying in a supply of fresh water, were towed outside the harbor by the Corwin on the morning of the 25th. The wind dying away suddenly, left us at the mercy of the current, which was setting strong to the north- ward, and during the night we drifted through the straits, getting only a glimpse of the Diomede Islands and East Cape as we passed, as we were enveloped in a dense fog the most of the time. While at Plover Bay we obtained from the natives a quantity of most excellent trout, which proved an agreeable addition to our sea fare. 21 *tfte 22 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. After passing the straits we encountered strong northeasterly winds, -which retarded our progress very much. We sighted Cape Lisburne on the afternoon of August 31, and soon after it came on to blow so heavity that the vessel was hove to, and in that position rode out the gale. For over forty-eight hours we were unable to have fires on board for any purpose whatever. The force of the gale having abated on the 3d of September, we stood to the southeast, the weather remaining so thick that wc were unable to obtain a sight of the sun to determine our position. On the 7th we sighted ley Cape, and then stood along shore to the northeast, keeping the land aboard until we sighted the point on the afternoon of September S, and came to anchor about one mile to the northeast of Cape Smythe, thus successfully accomplishing the first and most important stage of our work. The voyage, though long and tedious, had been remarkably free from any accidents, and the meager comforts of our little schooner grew wonderfully luxurious when compared with the low desolate shore, which we could occasionally catch a glimpse of through the drifting snow. Point Barrow, situated in latitude 71° 23' north, longitude 15G° 40' west, the destination of the expedition, was first discovered by Mr. Elson, master in H. M. S. Blossom, commanded by Captain Beechey, in August, 1826 ; and is graphically described by him in his report of his memorable voy- age, made to the Pacific and Arctic Sea, during the years 1825, 182G, 1S27, and 1828. In the lapse of sixty years but few changes have taken place on this coast. The people of the generation that Captain Beechey met have all passed away, and the story of the coming of the first white man is one of the legends of the band of 2\ uwukmenn. The next visit made by white men was that of Captains Dease and Simpson, of the Hudson's Bay service, who, in July, 1S37, started from Fort Good Hope, and by boat passed down the Mackenzie to the sea, and along the northern shore as far as Return Heet', the point where Franklin was turned back by meeting with impassable ice, in 1S2G. They here found the ice fast on the land, and further progress by boats being impossible, Captain Simpson accomplished the remaining distance on foot, aud thus succeeded in determining the coast line of the northern shore from Bearing Straits to the mouth of the Mackenzie. H. M. S. Plover, Captain Magnire, wintered at Point Barrow the winters of 1852, 1853, and 1851, since which time the coast has been frequently visited by vessels of the American whaling lieet. Upon arriving at the point we at once set about finding a suitable location for the observatory. At the extremity of the point is the village of Xuwiik, which occupies all the land that is free from inundation by the sea. To locate the observatory among their huts would entail endless trouble and annoyance. Between the village and the mainland, three miles away, is a low, barren sand- bank, from forty to one hundred yards wide, across which, during a westerly gale, the sea breaks when open. To the south and west of this the land gradually rises, until at Cape Smythe it is fully thirty feet above the sea ; but here again we found the most suitable ground occupied by the village of Uglaamie, a cluster of about twenty-three winter huts. We were unable to go any distance back from the beach, as we had no means of transporting our stores by land, aud the marshy condition of the country would have prevented us from going any distance back from the beach even if we had the facilities. A point about twelve feet above the sea level, lying between the sea and a small lagoon three-fourths of a mile northeast from IJglaamie, was finally selected. The soil was firm and as dry as any unoccupied place in that vicinity, and, as it was marked by mounds of an ancient village, would be free from inundation. The lateness of the season gave us but little time for deliberation. The young ice was already forming, and the migration of the birds about over. It was on the morning of the 9th of September that the work of debarkation was commenced in a driving storm of snow and a northeast gale. The lumber for the house and observatories was rafted alongside the vessel aud warped ashore. This work was difficult and arduous, owing to the heavy surf on the beach, and the ice being some distance off shore, the strong northeast wind blowing at the time got up considerable sea, the spray froze wherever it struck, so the lumber was coated with ice as soon as it was taken out of the water. There was too much surf to use our boats, and it was not until the 13th, when the wind fell, that we were able to commence putting the stores ashore. A temporary wharf was constructed, so the boats could be discharged without putting them on the beach. The natives, who at first appeared bewildered at the idea of our coming to stay, showed every disposition to be friendly now, and rendered us valuable assistance with their large skin boats (umiaks), and also :V EC C EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 23 in carrying stores up from the beach. After one or two attempts at petty thieving had been firmly and quietly checked, they showed no disposition to commit any depredations upon our property. Though it was snowing heavily, the work of landing stores was pushed with the utmost vigor, as the wind was very light from the southwest and the sea was quiet, and we could loud the umiaks on the beach without the fear of staving them, so that on the morning of the loth the party was moved on shore into tents. We landed the last of the cargo during that afternoon, and the Golden Fleece was cleared the following morning, and sailed at 12 o'clock. She was the last link that bound us to civilization, and we knew that nearly a year must roll around before we could hope to hear from the civilized world again ; but I did not see a single despondent face among the little party as they turned from watching the gallant little vessel out of sight to their work. At the same time the stores were being landed the foundation of the house was laid. This was made safe and solid by excavating down to the frost, a distance of a little over one foot, and the sills and floor timbers firmly shored Avith blocks cut from pieces of drift-wood. Plates 1 and 2 give a. ground plan and elevation of house. The bastion on the northwest corner was constructed from pieces of wreckage and drift-wood, and was pierced for musketry below and for the Gatling gun above. As soon as the house was inclosed and roofed the stores were all moved in, except a supply f° r about six months, which was placed in a tent as a reserve in event of the loss of the main building by fire. The party moved in on the 22d, to put up the ceiling and partitions. We were obliged to bring the lumber in aud pile it around the stove, so as to melt off the ice before we could work it. Winter came ou rapidly; the lagoon, near the station, was closed entirely on the 26th ; the weather continued stormy and thick until the sea closed toward the last of November. The work of carrying the stores and coal from the beach up to the site of the station (a distance of about one hundred yards) was very laborious, there being over one hundred tons of it besides the lumber, and we never for one moment caught sight of the sun from the time we landed until the 2Sth of September, and then only for a few moments. As soon as the house was made inhabitable we turned our attention to getting the instruments into position. We commenced taking hourly observations in meteorology on October 15, and in magnetisnt on December 1. The transit and magnetic instruments were temporarily mounted on wooden piers, which were constructed in the following manner: Timbers sixteen inches square were cut to the proper length aud placed on end in position in the observatories, the earth being removed so that the lower end rested on the perpetually frozen earth : they were cemented in their place by pouring water around them and allowing it to freeze. They remained firm and never altered their position in the slightest degree. The ice was found to be intact when the piers were taken down the following July, to be replaced by brick. Every clear night the sky was illuminated by the most beautiful displays of aurora it has ever been my fortune to witness; they always commenced in the northeast and northwest, and seemed to spring from a dark low bank of clouds. The lights were never stationary for a single second, neither did they ever take the form of bows or arches so often seen in other latitudes, but great curtains of light flashing with all the prismatic colors seemed to be drawn across the heavens, ever rising and changing and often culminating in a corona at the zenith, falling like a shower of meteoric lire. As the winter advanced these displays were more brilliant, and were always of a character that defies description, either by pen or pencil, as they were never for two seconds alike. They were unaccompanied by any sound so far as we were able to observe, and the deadly stillness that always prevails in this region when the sea was closed gave us an excellent opportunity to detect any sound had there been any. During the last days of September, when the ice on the fresh-water ponds and lakes was from ten inches ro one foot thick a sufficient quantity was cut, hauled to the house and conveniently piled, for winter use. Iu December, as soon as the drifted snow was sufficiently hard to cut into cakes, covered ways were constructed leading to the observatories, and the ice piled so that during severe weather no person was obliged to go into the open air to carry on the regular work of tiie station. Life at the station now settled down into the dull monotony of the routine work ; hourly l M — i i ■ 24 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKItOW, ALASKA. observations in meteorology and the three elements of magnetism were carried on without interruption. To insure the health of the party each member was required to take exercise daily in the open air. In January, 1882, work was commenced on a shaft for the purpose of getting the temperature of the earth, the results of which are given in Part Y. The formation for the whole distance was sand and gravel, mingled with a deposit of drift-wood and marine shells, showing that each stratum represented the successive lines of ancient sea-shores. The earth was saturated with water. At a depth of thirty -five feet a deposit was found of clear water, unmixed with earth, too salt to be congealed at a temperature of + 12, which was the unvarying temperature of the earth at this depth. At a depth of twenty feet a tunnel was run to the east a distance of ten feet, and at the end of it a room ten by twelve was excavated out of the hard frozen ground. In this the temperature never rose above 22°. The walls were always dry and free from moisture, and the accumulation of hoar frost was very light. Here we stored whatever fresh meat, in the way of ducks, reindeer, walrus, or seal, that we were able to accumulate beyond our daily consumption. Our main supply was eider-ducks, which, during the spring flight in May, were easily killed. We took four hundred in 1S82, and five hundred in. 18S3 ; we found them excellent food, and when stored in the subterranean store-house they were at once frozen solid, and would keep for any length of time. Fresh meat is the great safeguard against scurvy in this region; I never saw a trace of it among tile natives, and meat is their only food. The immunity of my party from all disease or sickness of any kind I deemed was owing to the fact that through our own exertions, and with some assistance from the natives, we were seldom without it. In March, 1S82, I made a trip into the interior, an account of which I submitted in my report of last year. Some narrow leads opened in the ice to the north and west of the point on the 20th of April, and the natives reported seeing whales passing to the northeast on the 23d of the same month, and they were seen passing in the same direction every day from that time until June 15; that seemed to terminate their northern migration, as we saw no more of them until August 15, when they were seen going to the southwest along the edge of the pack. It is at this season that most of the whales are taken, as it is impossible for the vessels to follow them into the ice during their northern migration. In the spring of 18S2 eider-ducks were first seen on the 27th of April flying to the northeast, far out over the ice, and a few straggling flocks were seen from time to time until May 12, when they appeared in immense numbers flying low along the shore ice to the northeast. This migra- tion continued until about June 1, and then almost entirely ceased. About the time the first flights along shore were seen a number of male king eider were found on the land, apparently exhausted from long flight and want of food. Some were caught and brought in alive, but they -were generally dead when found, and always in an extremely cinan- ciated condition. All species were represented in this flight, the king, Pacific, spectacled, and stellers. The Canada goose was never seen; but a few brent, white-fronted, and snow or arctic geese came at this season and stopped with us through the hatching season, bringing forth their young on the mainland. The eider-duck, with but few exceptions, continued their flight to the north and east. During July and August large numbers of the males were constantly flying to the westward over Perigniak, a point about four miles to the southwest of Point Barrow. The tact that they came from the breeding-grounds was shown in the naked condition of the breast of some of those taken, the down having been plucked away to construct their nests. Those killed at this season were poor and unpalatable compared to those killed in the spring. But the natives take great numbers of them at this point at this season of the year; one often sees half a dozen families here in camp for that express purpose. Their methods of taking them will be found fully described in the chapter devoted to ethnology. By the last of June the tundra was nearly free from snow, and narrow leads of water were open along shore. The few hardy flowers indigenous to this high latitude were in bloom, and conspicuous among them were the buttercup and dandelion. There was also a small yellow poppy, named by the natives "tukalufeadjaksun," which is also the name given by them to a small CL, Pi Hi H w a H a H H ^4 a H a o K a o Hi t- 00 a H o EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 25 butterfly that appears at this season. The butterfly appears as the poppy fades, and they believe that the poppy is transformed, takes wings, and flies away. On the afternoon of the 25th of June a vessel hove in sight to the southwest. She appeared to be in the solid pack, as there was no water in sight, but we soon discovered she was working her way along a narrow lead, about six miles from shore, which was not visible to us. At about 8 o'clock that night she was bearing about west true from the station, when she came to a halt; I at once dispatched interpreter Herendeen off to her. He returned the next day at 11 a. m., and reported that it was the steam-whaler North Star, (Captain Owen), on her first voyage from New Bedford. He brought a few letters and a tile of New York papers, giving us news from the outer world. It was the first information we had of the death of President Garfield and loss of the Eogers. On the 27th I went out to her; ftmnd her fast in the ice, with no sign of open water in sight from her mast-head. Captain Owen reported she had suffered a severe nip the night before, and she was raised up bodily about four feet while I was on board of her. I visited her again on the 4th of July and she was still uninjured. During the night of the 6th the wind hauled around to the eastward, causing the pressure to slacken up, and several large cracks opened in the ice, one of them in close proximity to the ice-bound ship. Early on the morning of the 7th we saw she w r as afloat and working through the broken ice toward shore; when about two and a half miles from the station she again became fast, and lay there all night. The following day (July 8) the x>ressure again slacked and a lead opened along shore past where she was laying ; she got under way and steamed slowly along the lead to the southwest. After proceeding a couple of miles she again became fast; the ice closing in from the west, she was now caught between the ground-ice and the great pack which Avas setting bodily to the northeast. She remained immovable from about noon until 4 p. m., Avhen our attention was suddenly attracted to her by a great outcry raised by her crew, and Ave could distinctly hear the cracking of her timbers as her sides were crushed in by the ice; her masts fell a few moments after, and her ere ay escaped to the ground-ice. I at once set off to their assistance with Avhat men could be spared from the station ; we found they had saved nothing but their clothing, a cask of bread, and three boats; the few remaining fragments of the wreck were fast disappearing in the distance, being carried away by the moviug pack. The crew all safely reached the land that night, being ferried across the open leads by the boats from the. station; tents Avere pitched to shelter them, and every care given to their comfort. Captain OAven subsequently went out with his crew and brought in the bread, and boats to be used in moving to the southward along the shore-lead, in the event that no other A-essel should be able to reach the station. On July 14 other ships fortunately hove in sight, and the aa recked people were distributed through the fleet, between that time and August 2, the last going on board the bark Thomas Pope, bound for San Francisco. Different vessels of the fleet remained in sight of the station off and on until September 23, the steamer Bowhead being the last to visit the station. AVe sent by her our last mail to the United States. On August 2 a small schooner was seen coming around the point to the north and east, Avhich proved to be the relief vessel Leo, Lieutenant PoAvell in charge. She had been carried out of her course to the northeast by the current, in a thick fog; her master, being ignorant of the dangers attending navigation along this shore, having allowed her to drift into a position where, but for the providential springing up of a light breeze, she would certainly have been lost. By her Ave received three additional observers, Sergt. J. E. Maxfield and PiTvates Charles Ancor, and John Guzman, of the Signal Corps, U. S. Army; a year's additional supply of provisions and coal; also the neAv mag- netic instruments. With the help of the natives, she was discharged on the 26th, and sailed the following day. I relieved and sent back by her Sergt. James Cassidy, Signal Corps, 17. S. Army. The new magnetic observatory was at once put up and the instruments mounted upon perma- nent brick piers, and observations with them commenced September 12. Now that the ships were gone and all connection severed with the outside Avorld, Ave had nothing to break the old routine of our duty at the station but the occasional visit of a native from some distant village. The faces of those living at Nuwuk and Uglaamie had become as familiar to us as those of our own people; they had ceased to be intrusive, but visited us almost daily with some curio or game for barter ; and as the season advanced and water became scarce we Avere daily besieged by the seal-hunters coming in from the sea and begging for a drink of water, of which H. Ex. 44 4 26 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. there is a great scarcity after the frost has sealed up all sources of supply. The scarcity of fuel, together with their inadequate means for melting ice and snow, causes them to suffer under a constant water famine from October to July, and they seemed to think that our supply was never failing. During. the fall of 1882 we experienced none of the heavy westerly gales so common in 1881, and the main pack, though always in sight, did not come close in, and the sea along shore froze over comparatively smooth save for the small floes that were always drifting to and fro with the current. This remained unbroken until January, when a heavy westerly gale drove in the old ice to the three-fathom bar, which here lies parallel with the coast and about one and one-half miles from it. Inside this bar the ice formed to a thickness of five and one twenty-fourth feet, and a vessel might have wintered with perfect safety at the anchorage off the station in four fathoms of water. Both the winters we were there, about two and one-half miles to the southwest and three miles to the northeast, the old ice came in on the laud with great force. In November and December the snow galleries were again constructed to the observatories, and the winter's work went on uninterruptedly. Observations of temperature in sea-water ice were carried on, and a series of tidal observations were made extending through a period of one hundred and twelve days. These observations were taken on the open coast, and go to show that the open Arctic Sea is practically tideless, the mean rise and fall being only about two-tenths of a foot. (Eeport on tides.) A peculiar disturbance was observed frequently* during, these observations. There would bo a sudden rise and, fall of from three to five hundredths of a foot, like a sudden wave. These occurred when the sea was entirely closed, with not a trace of open water in sight, and apparently in no way connected with the regular action of the tide. There would also be a variation in the height of the water of from four to five feet, often extending through a period of from seven to ten days, but in no manner affecting the normal rise and fall. During the winter of 1882-'S3 temperature of the sea-.iee was taken in the following manner: The thermometer was secured in a wooden box (3 by (> by 15 inches, with a sliding door; this was placed in the ice one hundred yards from the beach, where the sea was smoothly frozen over, one foot below the surface, and frozen in so that the bulb was frozen solid in the ice. The temperature of the sea- water was taken top and bottom through the hole at the tide-gauge" in three fathoms of water. The results are given in the meteorological tables submitted with this report. I found that the second winter with its long night was much more trying upon the spirits and strength of the party than the first; the novelty had now worn off; there was no longer anything new or strange to interest them and there was no relief from the monotony of the routine of the regular work, and there is none so wearisome and wearing as this, without any change and without hope, for we had positive knowledge that there could be no change for us until our work was finished; so the slow time dragged on ; days into weeks, months into years; so that exploration, or acy work that required action, would have been hailed with joy. After the return of the sun I made preparations for a trip into the interior, to locate geographically some of the discoveries made last year. I had by this time secured one excellent team of eight native dogs, and the sled made at Saint Michael's, given me by Sergeant Nelson in 1881, still being strong and serviceable, I was well equipped for inland work. Everything being ready, I left the station at 5.30 a. in., March 28, with Mr. A. C. Dark, as- sistant, a native guide Apaidyao, and his wife. A team of eight dogs and one sled was our only means of transportation ; and on it we carried our instruments, arms and ammunition, camp equip- age, twenty days' supply of coffee, sugar, hard bread, and pemmican. a small kerosene stove, and one gallon of oil. The sled was rigged with a small lug sail, which was a great help with a fair wind. Wet-raveled along the smooth shore ice to the southwest about eight miles after leaving the station, when we came to where the pack had come in onto the land, and the ice on the sea was too rough and broken for our sled. We here took to the tundra and traveled parallel to the shore until we reached the mouth of a small stream about ten yards wide, coming in from the southeast, called Sinaru, which has its source in a lake seven miles inland. We here left the coast, our general course being south, crossing the lake at the head of Sinaru, which I found to be seven miles across, and camped at p. m. on a small stream flowing to the northeast ; marched thirty-seven miles. The EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. 27 country after leaving the coast was flat, and in the summer must be almost entirely covered with water, as we traveled the whole afternoon over a series of small Lakes without seeiug a single ele- vation of land that was over Ave feet above the surrounding country. Saw but few signs of rein- deer and no natives, but saw where a hunting party had been in camp a few days before. Our dogs hauled their load with ease, though there was over seven hundred pounds weight on the sled. Weather clear, with light northeast wind. March 29. — Snowing heavily this morning when we broke camp at a. m. After traveling four miles we struck a stream about thirty yards wide, within a narrow valley, flowing to northeast. Natives gave it the name of Iuaru. The storm broke at ten o'clock and the sun came out by eleven. The country grew more rolling and broken, and at 12 m. we came in sight of Meade Eiver, which here flows through a valley about one and one-half miles wide, with bold bluffs on either bank from forty to sixty feet high ; obtained a meridian sight of the sun at noon for latitude and a fair sight for time during p. m. Traveled up the river on the ice six miles and then left it on our right; crossed a neck of land eight miles wide and struck it again at a point Avhere a large stream called Usiiuktu comes in from the eastward, with a channel about forty yards wide and high, bold banks. Here we again traveled on the ice to a point four miles above the mouth of Usuktu, and camped at 4.30 p. m. on the left bank of the river; marched fifty-three miles. I found an Uglaamie native here iu camp ; he was engaged in fishing, and told us his nets were set just opposite to the camp. We obtained from him some fine whitefish ; having no rifle he had beeu unable to take any deer. I ascended the bluffs on the right bank, which were here fifty feet high. On them found the ruins of several winter huts, built entirely of turf; the natives say that three generations ago all this region was inhabited by a people that lived by fishing and hunting reindeer, and did not come to the coast, but that the deer and fish grew scarce and there came a very cold season ami the people nearly all died from cold and starvation ; the few that survived went away to the Col- ville or joined the little bands on the coast, so that now this whole region is not inhabited and is never visited except by the hunters from Nuwiik and Uglaamie, who come here for deer during the months of February and March; each year a few fish are also taken with gill-nets in the deep holes along Meade Eiver, the fish being here confined by the river freezing solid on the bars ; all move- ment of water on this water-shed is suspended during the winter, there being no rainfall or melting of snow from October to May, and springs are unknown. March 29. — Broke camp at G a. m. ; weather clear and moderate. Continued the march in a southerly direction along the river-bed four miles, when we left it, climbing some high bluffs on the left bank to get on the level plain above and avoid the windings of the river; traveled parallel with its general course all day, crossing it twice, and camped at 5 p. m. on a small tributary of Meade Eiver, and about six miles from the main stream. Marched twenty-five miles ; during the afternoon passed a high bluff w T hich is a noted landmark among the natives and known as Nua-suk-uan ; it is in latitude 70° 37' N., longitude 157° 11' W., and rises from fifty to seventy-five feet above the surrounding country and is visible for many miles around. Camped to-night with MiVhialu, a native whom I had furnished with a rifle and ammunition to kill deer for the station. Pound he had a fine supply on hand, and he very proudly showed us ten as our share. Got excellent sights of the sun during the day for latitude and longitude. Saw several large bands of reindeer and our guide succeeded in killing two. Temperature last night + 16°; during day rose to 20°.2. March 31. — Weather cold and stormy, and as we are in a very comfortable snow-house wo conclude to lie over for the day. My guide has never been beyond this camp, and 1 can see he has no desire to add to his knowledge of the geography of this region, so I have made arrangements with Mu'nialu to go ou with me. They were busy at work to-day preparing their sleds to haul in their venison to the settlement on the coast; their manner of doing it I have never before seen noted. The sleds which they use for this purpose are made from drift-wood fastened with whale- bone and raw-hide lashing ; they are about ten feet long, two feet wide, and the runners eight inches wide and one and one-half inches thick, straight on top and no rail; they are shod for ordinary use with strips of bone cut from the whale's jaw-bone, and sometimes with walrus ivory; but this would not do in hauling a heavy load over the snow where there is no beaten trail, so they are shod with ice in the following manner : From the ice on a pond that is free from fracture they cut the pieces the length of a sled runner, eight inches thick and fen inches wide ; into these 28 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARHOW, ALASKA. they cut a groove deep enough to receive the sled-runner up to the beam ; the sled is carefully fitted into the groove, and secured by pouring in water, a little at a time, and allowing it to freeze. Great care is taken in this part of the operation, for should the workmen apply more than a few drops at a time, the slab of ice would be split and the work all to do over again ; after the ice is firmly secured the sled is turned bottom up and the ice-shoe is carefully rounded with a knife, and then smoothed by wetting the naked hand and passing it over the surface until it becomes perfectly glazed ; the sled when ready for use will weigh over three hundred pounds, and they load them with the carcasses of from seven to nine deer, weighing over one hundred pounds each. Men, Avomen, and children harness themselves in with the dogs to haul these loads to the coast, often the distance of one hundred miles and over, seldom making more than eight or ten miles each day. April 1. — The weather being clear, we improved the opportunity to determine accurately our position. Observations were made for time, latitude, and declination. April 2. — Broke cainp at 8 a. m. with Mu'hialu for guide; traveled south thirteen miles parallel with Meade Eiver, which we struck at the confluence of a small stream coming in from the westward. For the last six miles the country had become much more rolling and broken, and at the point where we struck the river to-day the bluffs were over one hundred feet high and showed successive layers of turf aud sand, where the action of the river had cut them away during the freshets in the summer. I noticed one stratum of turf five feet thick fifty feet below the surface. There was not sufficient moisture in the sand between the strata of turf to cause it to solidify under the action of the frost. On the bars in the river we found a few fragments of fossil ivory; a fringe of scrub arctic willow skirted the bank of the stream, but no drift-wood of any size was seen. Traveling now became quite difficult, as the river was too winding for us to follow its course by traveling on the ice, so we kept a southerly course, climbing the bluffs, where practicable, to cut off the bends. The dogs became tired out early in the afternoon, aud we were finally obliged to go into camp on the ice under the lee of a high bluff on the right bank of the river. Marched twenty- three miles. Before dark I climbed to the summit of the bluff, which was one hundred and seventy-five feet above the river, and could see a low range of mountains, running nearly east and west, about fifty miles away. From the break of the country, I have no doubt Meade Biver has its source in that range, so I named them Meade Biver Mountains. The native guide notified me upon my return to camp that he did not wish to go further south; that he was unacquainted with the country, never having been so far in the interior before. Beyond this he peopled the country with imaginary enemies. Nothing I could offer would induce him to go further. As I could not well get along without their help in dragging the sled up the hills, I was obliged to make this my turning point, much against my will. We saw no signs of deer, wolves, or any game after we struck the foot-hills ; the range of the reindeer seems to be the flat country we had crossed to the north. April 3. — Broke camp at 8 a. m. and returned to Mu'ilialu's camp, reaching there at 4 p. m. Weather clear. The suu on the snow fields affected our eyes very seriously in spite of the shaded glasses we wore, and the natives were affected equally as bad as ourselves. April 4. — Lay over in camp, having our boots dried aud .repaired and getting ready for the return journey. Weather clear and cold. April 5. — Broke camp at 5.30 a. m. Traveled on our outward trail to camp No. 2 and slept in the hut we used on our way out. Weather clear and cold, with very little wind. April 0. — Broke camp at a. m. Followed old trail back to camp No. 1. Weather bright and clear ; suffered intensely all day from my eyes, becoming so inflamed I could scarcely see. Mr. Dark does not seem to be so seriously affected. Temperature fell last night to — 13°.4; during the day, — 24°. April 7. — Broke camp at 5.30 a. m., and reached the station at 5 p. m. Was obliged to travel with my eyes bandaged ; Apaidyao was also nearly blind. No person can be exempt from this terrible suffering who travels in this region at this season of the year ; the blinding glare of the sun upon the snow affects the strongest eyes, and we found no preventive. We had several A r arie- ties of shaded glasses and goggles, but found as much protection in the wooden shades made and worn by the natives as we did in our own improved glasses, and they were much more comfortable, as the moisture from the face did not congeal upon them so readily as upon the wire gauze and — H, £X,..4/j/, 2, 48. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 29 frames of the goggles. Other than this, there are but few hardships attending travel to a small party properly equipped in this region at this season of the year, and the nearer one conforms to the habits of the natives the less liable he is to meet with disaster, and the less he will be burdened with unnecessary camp equipage and blankets. The snow hut (igln) of these people is very quickly and easily constructed, and ordinarily does not consume more time than is required to pitch a wall tent, and is constructed in the following manner : A place where the snow is about four feet deep is selected for camp aud a space 5 by 9 feet is laid off; the upper surface is cut into blocks two feet square and eight inches thick and set on edge around the excavation for side walls; at one end three feet of the space is dug down to the ground or ice; in the balance about eighteen inches of snow is left for a couch ; sides and ends are built up tight and the whole is roofed with broad slabs of snow six feet thick, cut in proper dimensions to form a flat gable roof, loose suow thrown over all to chink it, aud at the end which is dug down to the ground a hole is now cut just large enough to admit a man crawling on his hands and knees; the hut is now finished, sleeping-bags, provisions, and lamp are passed inside, dogs are fed and turned loose after every thing they would be liable to eat or destroy is secured by cachiug them in the dry snow. Arms, instruments, and ammunition should never be taken into the hut; it is always best to leave them on the sled in the open air. After all outside work is done everybody goes into the hut and the hole is stopped from the inside with a plug of snow which has been carefully fitted, and no one is expected to go out until it is time to break camp the next morning. The combined heat from the bodies of the inmates, together with the lamp, soon raises the temperature up to the freezing point, aud a degree of comfort is obtained that is not attainable in any other manner of camping in this region. The more permanent snow huts of the deer hunters, which they often occupy for a month or more, are much more elaborate. They are usually built where the snow is six or eight feet deep, so the room is high, and is approached by a covered way and an ante-room, in which the heavy outside clothing is stored, and when fuel is obtainable a kitchen is added to the structure, with a fire-place cut out of the solid walls of snow, with jambs and chimneys of the same perishable material. I saw fire-places in use that had had a fire in them for at least one hour each day for a month or more and were still intact; the parts that were exposed had softened a little under the effects of the first fire and at once hardened into ice, and remained unchanged so long as the temperature in the open air remained below zero. By the latter part of April or the first part of May snow houses are no longer tenable and natives take to their tents (tiipeks). Their winter huts at this time are also vacated, as thej* become too damp for comfort. After the snow began to soften so it was no longer practicable to build a snow hut I camped very comfortably by digging a hole in the snow C by 8 feet, building up side walls three to four feet high, and stretching over it a deer-skin blanket or the sled sail, using the Sled mast for a ridge-pole and our showshoes for rafters. The natives in their excursions usually carry a small stone lamp aud a supply of seal blubber for illuminating purposes; they use no blankets or sleeping bags when traveling, but carry a deer-skin or a piece of walrus hide to lay on the snow underneath them; on this they huddle together without any covering other than the clothing they travel in. &fc such times their food (meat or fish) is eaten raw, except where they have provided themselves with a kind of pemmican, which is made by mixing chewed deer meat with deer tallow and seal oil.- This food is not agreeable to the taste, probably owing to the fact that the masticators are inveterate tobacco chewers. The sled we used on all our journeys was made by a native at Saint Michael's, and presented to the expedition by Sergeant Nelson when at Plover Bay ; it was twelve feet long and twenty inches between the runners ; had side rails, with a steering handle at the rear end, and was fastened through- out with rawhide lashings ; the runners were shod with steel, and it was far superior to any sled I ever saw on the northern coast; it was still in excellent condition after two years' service ; its car- rying capacity was about 800 pounds, and I think it was the best pattern of a sled I ever saw for Arctic work ; it was light (weighing only about fifty pounds), strong, and durable, and could always be repaired with the material at hand among the natives, should it at any time become damaged. Early in May the hunters began to come in, aud altogether I succeeded in getting from them eighteen deer, which together with five hundred eider-ducks killed by the party during the spring flight, gave us a large reserve supply of fresh meat, which was carefully stored in the cellar. mm 30 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Sergeants Murdoch ami Smith were indefatigable in their work, completing the collection so far as practicable in natural history, and many valuable specimens were obtained. Cracks opened in the ice to the north and west of the point, and whales were reported seen by the natives April 12 ; the leads were narrow, often closing entirely, with no water in sight for days, and the natives reported hearing or seeing whales nearly every day up to June 12. The spring was very backward and we experienced a great deal of cold, disagreeable weather; the shore leads opened slowly. In Elson Bay and along shore to the eastward of Point Barrow the ice held on until late in August, and this prevented my getting along shore to the eastward with the whale-boat before the arrival of the relief vessel, as I had intended. It was my desire to explore the coast as far as the boundary at least, and had the season been as favorable as that of 1882 I could have left the station by June 12. On June 9 the natives succeeded in killing a large whale, the first they had taken since we had been on the coast, and was the cause of considerable excitement among them for several days ; they came in from all points to join the general feast on the carcass, which was free to all who cared to come and partake. By the first of August we were becoming extremely anxious about a vessel reaching us this season, as the ground ice was still intact from Point Barrow to the Sea Horse Islands, and it was impracticable to work a small boat along shore. The whale-boat was fitted and provisioned for a voyage and held in readiness for a move as soon as the ice would let us out; outside the bar there was one narrow open lead extending as far as the eye could reach to the southwest, but there was no break in the ground ice to let us into it ; besides, it closed under a westerly wind or when tho prevailing northeast wind slacked up. On the morning of August 1 a thick fog hung over the ocean, and when it lifted, about 7 o'clock, our eyes were gladdened by the sight of three steamers six miles away, working slowly up the lead from the southwest. With Captain Herendeeu I at once crossed the ground ice and went on board the nearest ship, reaching her about 11 a. m. Found it to be the Orca, Captain Colson, from San Francisco, a new vessel on her first voyage. From her we received our first mail, and from private letters learned that the station was to be aban- doned as soon as a vessel could reach us. Captain Colson reported the balance of the whaling fleet lying at anchor along the coast between Point Hope and Cape Belcher; not being so well fitted as the new vessels, they would not venture into the pack. The Orca tied up to the ground floe off the statiou until along in the afternoon, when, in company with the Bowhead, BalaBna, and Nar- whal (all steamers that had now come up), she proceeded on tip to the Point; the lead here was closed and the pack was solid to the north and east, and fast on the land to the eastward of Point Barrow; they tied up under the lee of a large floe berg that had grounded in four fathoms of water. The following day the steamers Belvidere, Lucretia, and Mary and Helen, came up bringing considerable mail, but no orders, except one from the Chief Signal Officer directing me to dispose of such stores as could be sold to advantage. I sold what I could to the fleet, packed everything not required for immediate use, and as far as possible, without discontinuing the work of observation, made everything ready to embark, so that when the vessel sent to our relief should arrive she would be delayed as short a time as possible. By August 15 several sailing-vessels had worked up to the station, and all were at anchor behind the ground ice which had now broken away in several places; there was also an open lead along shore. On the lGth the bark Sea Breeze (Captain McDonald) anchored off the station and reported that he had spoken the schooner Leo at anchor off Point Belcher, eighty or ninety miles to the southwest, with orders for the statiou. He also reported the ice close in off Sea Horse Islands, and that he thought the master of the Leo did not care to venture into the ice, as he had been lying there over a week. I at once prepared to go to her in the whale-boat by working along- shore, but a heavy gale springing up from the northeast on the 17th prevented our saiiiug. In the mean time Capt. L. C. Owen, of the bark Rainbow (who was master of the North Star when she was wrecked in 1S82), came to the station and tendered me the services of his steam whale- boat for the trip, which was very gratefully accepted. He sent it down to me on the 19th, with Mr. Rogers, his first mate, in charge, and a crew of three men. I left the station at 6.40 p. in. the same day. with Sergeant Murdoch and Interpreter Hereudeen. The weather was clear and warm, H H O c a >-3 M EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 31 with little or no wind when we started, so we steamed along shore about one-fourth mile from it, keeping' inside the ground ice. At 8 p. in. a strong breeze came out from the northeast, when all sail was set, and we made great speed, so that by midnight we were off Sea Horse Islands; by this time there was a heavy sea running, and the wind had increased to a gale, and we were running before it under close-reefed mainsail and all steam, to avoid being pooped and swamped, as the sea was breaking heavily on the shoals off Point Franklin. The heavy pack was aground on the outer bar, but there was room for a vessel to pass between it and the shoals. After rounding Point Franklin we headed for Point Belcher, and at 2 a. m. sighted several vessels at anchor off the point, apparently making very bad weather of it, as there was no shelter here from the wind and sea. As we neared them we were able in the dim twilight to make out the Leo by her peculiar rig, she being a topsail schooner, and we bore up to her and succeeded in getting a line on board as we swept past, and with considerable difficulty were taken on board. The gale increased in fury, and before we could hoist in the launch the Leo dragged her anchor and drifted rapidly to the leeward. The captain ordered the cable to be slipped, and the vessel got under way, and I requested him to keep her on a northwest course until he came up with the ice. While the vessel was being got under way, Mr. Rogers, who saw his launch was in danger of being swamped, sprang into her with his crew, cut the painter, and they disappeared from our sight in the storm. We were extremely anxious for his safety, and we had seen that all of the whalers had been obliged to put to sea at the same time we did, and that it would be impossible for him to land north of Wainwright's Inlet without losing the boat, and it was doubtful if he could keep her afloat until he reached that point. At 4 a. in. we came up with the main pack, and the vessel was hove to under the lee of a large field of ice that seemed to be nearly stationary. Here she safely rode out the gale, which abated during the night, so that on the morning of the 21st we were able to stand in toward the land, which we sighted at 7 a. m., and stood in in search of the launch and the anchor which had been slipped and buoyed the day before. At 10 a. m. the captain recovered his anchor, and we stood to the southwest along shore in search of the launch, but were unable to find any trace of her that day. The next morning, when off Wainright's Inlet, we spoke the bark Helen Mar, and found she had the boat and party safe on board, having picked them up that morning. We then learned that Mr. Rogers had succeeded in making Wainright's Inlet after he went adrift from the Leo, and had ridden out the gale at anchor there, and, sighting the Helen Mar before he did the Leo, had gone on board of her. The wind being southwest, strong and favorable, I directed Captain Jacobson to put the Leo on her course for Uglaamie, which he did, and we came to anchorage oft the station at 7 p. m., on the 22d, passing through and past considerable pack on our way. I at once landed Mr. Marr, an assistant of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey who had been sent up to make a series of pendulum observations, with a part of his instruments; gave them all the assistance I conld. At the same time I pushed the preparations for embarking, as the ice was liable to close in at any moment. We suspended work at 10 p. m. It came on to blow heavily from the southwest during the night, sending the pack in. The Leo slipped her cable, and escaped around the Point to avoid being crushed or forced ashore. We could see her spars above the ice to the eastward of the Point Avhen wo got out in the morning. Private Clarke, of the Signal Corps, and Mr. Schindler (Mr. Marr's assistant), who remained on the Leo, came down to the station overland during the day, and reported the Leo uninjured. During the night of the 23d the wind came out from the northeast and blew heavily, setting the ice about one and one- half miles off the western shore, allowing the Leo to work around to the westward of the Point during the following day, where she came to anchor at 10 p. m., the wind being too light for her to stem the strong northeast curreut that was setting along the shore. The wind hauled to the southeast and freshened during the night of the 24th, so that she was enabled to get under way and reach the station, anchoring there at 7 a. m. I at once caused the balance of Mr. Marr's instruments and material to be landed, but was unable to embark any stores, as Captain Jacobson in his efforts to recover his cable and anchor which he had slipped on the 23d, had gotten so far off shore that we were unable to run a line to the vessel lor tlie purpose of warping our boats to and fro. This was necessary, as I had not sufficient men to fully man tlie boats and handle the stores, and the natives' boats could not be with safety used in the sharp ice that was running _ 32 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. with the current arid i>iled high on the beach. We worked all day trying to kedge the schooner in, but the wind blowing a gale off-shore rendered all our efforts futile. I placed Interpreter Herendeen on board that night, so that Captain Jacobson could have the benefit of his experience and advice should she again be driven away from her anchorage, as Captain Jacobson was totally inexperienced in Arctic navigation. Just before dark five whaling barks came around the Point and anchored one and a half miles above the station. We all spent an anxious night for, the wind increased to a gale and hauled to the southwest and we could hear in the darkness the grinding of the pack as it came in, and were not surprised in getting up the next morning to find that the Leo was gone again, and that the sea was closed as far as the eye could reach. The Leo had escaped again around the Point, but three of the whaling barks had not been so fortunate; they were all fast in the pack, the crews were passing and repassing from the ship to the land over the ice. Two of the vessels had gotten foul of each other, and one, the Abraham Barker, had lost her rudder. With a glass from the lookout we could make out the Leo to the eastward of the Point, looking like a speck among the great ice fields. During the day the gale abated, the pressure slackened up, and toward night several small leads were visible. The wind came out from the southeast during the night, and early the next morning the Leo was seen to be under way slowly working her way back to the station through a nar- row shore lead that opened during the night ; she came to anchor off the station two hundred yards from the beach. Upon going on board I found her considerably damaged; she had been nipped, her stem partly knocked off, her rudder post split, and she was leaking badly. In view of these facts, and orders having been received for the return of the party to the United States, I determined to abandon the station at once. During the past two days I had caused all the subsistence and quartermaster stores worth saving to be carried down from the house to the beach; a whale-line was run from the shore to the vessel, so one man could haul the boats to and fro, and the embarking was commenced at once, the first boat-load going on board at 8 a. m. Mr. Marr discontinued work on the pendulum, and took down the parts he had placed; the work went on rapidly with the two whale-boats belonging to the station. It was still impossible to use the native boats with safety, as there were great masses of loose pack-ice running with the current, and the beach was piled high with broken ice ; at 2 a. m. the instruments were taken down and packed, and observations on shore ceased; the last boat-load was sent off at 10 p. m., and at 12 midnight the party went on board, leaving one man on shore, to see that the natives did not carry off anything that might have been accidentally left. The ice. was too heavy and compact the next morning to enable us to get under way, so the captain improved the time in grappling for the anchor and cable he had slipped the night of the 25th ; he succeeded in recovering it, which was extremely fortunate for it was his best, the remaining one being very light. I took a party on shore and brought off the few remaining articles of ax\y value that I did not intend to give to the natives. I left them the house and furniture intact with the stoves, and about 12 tons of coal, a grindstone, some old canvas, and a few worn-out tools, were about all that was left; but these were of great value to the natives, and after giving them a feas^t of hard bread and molasses we bade them good bye, amid many expres- sions of regret at our departure. I placed the buildings in charge of some of the most influential men, who promised they would not allow them to be torn to pieces, but be kept as a place of refuge for any shipwrecked people who may chance to be cast ashore on this barren coast. A whale-boat passed up during the day with Captain McKeuna, of the bark Cyanne. He reported that his vessel was driven ashore off Point Belcher, in the gale of the 25th, and would prove a total loss. He came up to get assistance from vessels at the Point in saving her valuable cargo of whalebone. On the morning of the 29th, the lead to the southwest being open and the wind being favor- able, the captain took his anchor and got under way at G a. in., and we commenced our homeward voyage. The familiar shore and village and the house that had been so good and comfortable a home to us for two long years soon faded in the distance. After sailing two miles we got clear off the loose ice that was runuing with the current and into clear water, with the old pack close in to the northwest, arriving off Point Franklin at 9.30 p. m., when the wind fell, and we came to anchor in company with eleven ships of the whaling fleet that had worked out and had come down GE o ta S3 G £75 co EXPEDITION TO POINT BARBOW, ALASKA. 33 the same time we did. The wind came out from the westward during the night, and the captain got under way ; stood off and came up with the pack about six miles from the land, when he tacked and stood in towards laud; hut again the current was setting so strong to the northeast that we could not make any headway on our course, and we were very glad to get back to our our anchorage under the lee of Point Franklin, where we lay until the next day, when we again got under way with a light southeast breeze, which let go after we had gotten around the Point, and we were again obliged to anchor at lO a. rn., to prevent being carried off to the northeast by the strong current setting along shore here. Sailing-vessels navigating this sea should never allow themselves to get off soundings north of Poiut Belcher, except in a strong, steady wind, nor allow the vessel to drift during thick, calm weather, if it is possible to get an anchor down. The needle is useless here ; the land or lead lino is tbc only safe guide, for, should a sailing-vessel be carried off soundings off Point Barrow with light winds or calm, she runs great danger of being lost; this has been the fate of nearly all vessels so caught, especially late in the season. At 4 p. in., the breeze freshening, we got under way again and stood on our course along the coast and about four miles from it. "We experienced light, baffling winds, making but little headway from that time until the afternoon of September 2, when the wind came out strong and steady from the noi'theast. We sighted and passed Cape Lisburne that day and sighted the Diomede Islands at noou on the 3d. During the day the wind increased to a gale and the weather grew thick and cold, with considerable snow ; sail was shortened, and at 3 p. m. we passed Cape Prince of Wales, ruuning at great speed before the wind ; after passing through the straits the vessel was headed for Norton Sound, it being necessary that I should go to Saint Michael's to laud Private E. Clarke, of the Signal Corps, who had been sent out to relieve Sergeant Leavitt, an observer on that station. As soon as we hauled under the high land to the south and east of Cape Prince of Wales we ran out of the wind, and our progress was slow. On the 4th of September the foe: lifted and we sighted Kings Island and Cape York, and on the Cth passed close to the southward of Sledge Island, but, owing to a head wind, did not sight the high land near Saint Michael's until the 8th. We stood in towards it and came to anchor off the fort at noon on that day, where we were received by a salute fired from a couple of old ship guns. Soon after a boat came off to us bringing, very much to our surprise, Lieut. Frederick Schwatka, Third Cavalry, who reported that he had made the passage of the Yukon on a raft, exploring its course from its source to its mouth, making one of the most remarkable raft voyages on record. He had been at Saint Michael's since the last of August, and was extremely anxious to get away with his party. Though we were very much crowded ou the Leo I did not think it would be right to refuse him passage, as there would be no opportunity for him to return to the United States before another year, this station being visited only by vessels of the Alaska Commercial Company, and there would be none due before the following June. So I directed him to hold his party in readiness to come on board as soon as w T e were ready to sail. We were short of fresh water and had to lay in a supply before again putting to sea. For the first two days we were in port it blew a gale from the southeast, so it was impossible to get any water off to the ship ; on the afternoon of the 16th the captain reported he had succeeded in getting enough on board to last us until we could reach Unalaska or Plover Bay, whichever place I should conclude to go to, so at daylight on the 11th Lieutenant Schwatka and his party were taken on board and we put to sea at 10 a. m. Found it was blowing a gale from the northwest when we got outside, and after making a few tacks under close-reefed sails, found we were making no headway, so we were glad to run back into the harbor, where we came to anchor at 3 p. m. The following morning, the wind having hauled more to the north, we again put to sea, and the next morning sighted Cape Darby, a high headland on the northern shore of Norton Sound. We were obliged to make this northing to avoid a dangerous shoal that makes out from the mouth of the Yukon ; in running out of Norton Sound it is not safe to run west, south of (54 Lat. Dur- ing the afternoon of the 13th the wind settled iu the northwest and blew hard and steadily all that night, and we found it would be slow work beating up to Plover Bay. The ship was leaking 60 badly that the pumps were kept going one-third of the time and the slightest accident to them would soon send her to the bottom ; and as I knew that the meridian of Unalaska had been as well, H. Ex. 44 5 34 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. if not better, determined than that of Plover Bay, I decided not to go to the latter place, Imt to proceed direct to Unalaska and tliere make an effort to repair the vessel, as I was told that there was sufficient tide at that place to enable us to get at her bottom by discharging her cargo and placing her on the beach at high tide and working on her during low water ; so as soon as we were clear of the Yukon flats she was put on her course for that place. The wind increased to a heavy gale from the northwest on the 15th, and we made excellent time as we were running nearly before it. During the night of the 10th, the vessel was hove to to wait for daylight, as we knew we were near land, and on the morning of the 17th we sighted the island of Unalaska to the south and about twenty miles away; the wind had fallen so light during the night we were able to make but little headway aud did not get into the harbor and at anchor until 10 o'clock that night. We found the United States steamer Corwin and the Alaska Commercial Company's steamer Dora at anchor here, the former on her return from Kotzebne Sound and the latter on her annual voyage to the Aleutian Island stations. The wind not being favorable to sail into the inner harbor, which was the only place where the vessel could be safely beached, I made application to Captain Healy, commanding the Corwin, for the assistance of the cutter to tow the Leo in . he very readily complied with the request, and at once got up steam, and at 11 a. m. placed the Leo at the company's wharf, where the bulk of her cargo was discharged; owing to a severe wind storm prevailing at this time we were unable to haul her up until the afternoon of the 20th, when she was beached at high tide; we improved the time in getting observations of the sun, and determining the declina- tion of the needle. We were unable to get at the leak on the first ebb, but on the 21st the water fell sufficiently low to enable the workmen to repair the damage, which was found to be about four feet below her water line, where a butt had been started, and the water was so clear that we could see that she had sustained no damage below that point, and we were pleased to find upon floating her off on the nest high tide that the leak was entirely stopped. Such stores as had not been disposed of were re-embarked on the 22d and the vessel warped out to her anchorage ready for sailing. The 23d was too stormy to admit of our going to sea, but the wind having abated slightly toward night, I directed the captain to get nuder way on the morning of the 24th, which was done at 8 a. m., being towed outside the heads by the Corwin, whose services had again been kindly placed at our disposal by Captain Healy. We found the wind blowing strong from the northwest when we got outside, and a very heavy sea running; we parted company with the Corwin as soon as we passed the capes by the breaking of our tow-line, and the Leo was at once headed for the pass of Akoutan, through which we passed out into the Pacific at 12 m. From this time the wind continued fair during the whole of the voyage across the North Pacific. We followed nearly in the track of the great circle route, and made such remarkably good time that the Farallones were sighted at 3 p. m. On October G the wind fell as we ran in toward land, and we drifted through the Golden Gate in a dead calm that night at 12 o'clock, coming to anchor off the Presidio at 2 a. m. October 7, and reporting to the Chief Signal Officer by telegraph the same day. The object for which the expedition was organized being accomplished, it was formally dis- banded October 15; its work having extended through a period of over twenty-seven months, during which time the expedition had sailed over 7,500 miles, had established and maintained itself at the northern extremity of this continent in latitude 71° 16' north, and successfully carried out the instructions received from the Chief Signal Officer, and brought back the record of an unbroken series of hourly observations in meteorology, magnetism, tides, and earth temperatures, besides a large collection in natural history and ethnology, and penetrated into the interior to a point never before visited by civilized man. During the whole period all the members of the expedition enjoyed excellent health, not having a single man on the sick report for two years. To the individual members of the expedition who returned with it to the United States great credit is due for their obedience to orders, faithfulness, and intelligence in performance of their duties, and for their patient endurance of the many trials they were called upon to suffer: for the work of scientific observations in these high latitudes is one of patient endurance - on the. part of the observer, confined, as he is, within narrow limits, without the excitement incident to travel. The unvaying monotony of the work is necessarily very wearing, but during the whole time uo murmur or complaint was ever heard. PAET III ETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH OF THE NATIVES OF POINT BAMOW. By l.IETJT. P. H. KAY. 35 mummunIna, "princess of nuwuk. ETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH OF THE NATIVES. i. During onr stay we improved each opportunity to acid to our knowledge of the peculiar people inhabiting this coast. A want of sufficient knowledge of their language at first made the work difficult, as we had no interpreter. So our first energies were devoted to learning their language sufficiently well to communicate with them, as none of them could speak a word of English, neither did they show any disposition to learn. Of their origin and descent we could get no trace, there being no record of events kept among them. Even the sign record of prominent events in individual life, so common among some of the natives in the lower latitudes, is almost unknown among them. Their language abounds in legends, but none of these gave any data by which we could judge how long these desolate shores have been inhabited. That the ancestors of those people have made it their home for ages is conclusively shown by the ruins of ancient villages and winter huts along the sea-shore and in the interior. On the point where the station was established were mounds marking the site of three huts dating back to the time when they had no iron and men "talked like dogs"; also at Perigniak a group of mounds mark the site of an ancient village. It stands in the midst of a marsh ; a sinking of the land causing it to be flooded and consequently abandoned, as it is their custom to select the high and dry points of land along the sea-shore for their permanent villages. The fact of our finding a pair of wooden goggles twenty-six feet below the surface of the earth, in the shaft sunk for earth temperatures, points conclusively to the great lapse of time since these shores were first peopled by the race of man. That they have followed the receding line of ice, which at one time capped the northern part of this continent, along the easiest lines of travel is shown in the gen- eral distribution of a similar people, speaking a similar tongue, from Greenland to Behring Straits ; in so doing they followed the easiest natural lines of travel along the water-courses and the sea- shore, and the distribution of the race to-day marks the routes traveled. The sea-shore led them along the Labrador and Greenland coasts; Hudson's Bay and its tributary waters carried its quota towards Boothia Land; helped by Back's Great Fish Biver, the Mackenzie carried them to the northwestern coast; and down the Yukon they came to people the shores of Norton Sound and along the coast to Cape Prince of Wales. They occupied some of the coast to the south of the mouth of the Yukon, and a few drifted across Behring Straits on the ice, and their natural traits are still in marked contrast with their neighbors, the Chuckchee. Tbey use dogs instead of deer, the natives of North America having never domesticated the reindeer, take their living from the sea, and speak a different tongue. Had the the migration come from Asia it does not stand to reason that they would have abandoned the deemipon crossing the straits. The following table will show that physically the Inyu of North America coast does not conform to the typical idea of the Eskimo. They are robust, healthy people, fairer than the North American Indian, with brown eyes and straight black hair. The men are beardless until they attain the age of from twenty to twenty-five years, and even then it is very light and scattering, and is always clipped close in the winter ; at this season they also cut off their eyebrows and tonsure their crown like a priest, with bangs over their forehead. Their hands and feet are 37 38 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. extremely small and symmetrical ; they are graceful in their movements when unincumbered by heavy clothing ; they are kind and gentle in disposition and extremely hospitable to strangers ; though tliey may rob a stranger of every means of obtaining a subsistence one moment, they will divide with him their last piece of meat the next. They have no form of government, but live in a condition of anarchy ; they make no combinations, either for offensive or defensive purposes, having no common enemies to guard against, nor have they any punishment for crimes. I never knew one to attempt to reclaim stolen property, though they might see it in the hands of the thief or left on his cache ; though given to petty pilfering they rarely, if ever, break into a cache (except into one of meat when driven to it by hunger) or enter a tent or hut for that purpose. During the first winter we had stores, of which they were in great need, in a Sibley tent, and they all knew they were there; and although the tent was only tied, with no regular guard over it, nothing was ever disturbed, though if anything was carelessly left out it would be stolen at once. They never made the slightest resistance to our reclaiming property when discovered, and would laugh about it as though it were a good joke. They are very social in their habits and kind to each other ; we never witnessed a quarrel between men during the whole time we were on the coast, neither did we ever see a child struck or punished ; and a more obedient or better lot of children cannot be found in all Christendom. I never saw one of any age do a vicious or mean act, and while they were always around the station during the fall and winter, they did no mischief, but, on the contrary, would busy themselves in shoveling the snow out of the tunnels and running on errands and doing any work they could for a little food each day. -The children would wait around the door for members of the party to come out to take their daily exercise, and, even more, would accompany each member, and every few moments they would say "naumi-tauity " (now let me see), and would scan the traveler's face for frost-bites, and were ever ready with a handful of snow to be applied should they detect the slightest sign of freezing; for when the temperature gets below —45°, and there is a light breeze, it cuts every exposed part of the body as though white hot metal were applied, causing no pain. Their games were very alike what we see played among children of our own race, and in imitating the pursuits of the elders, we often saw them with snow play-houses cut into the hard snow, with snow images set up, and the little fur-clad mites of humanity bustling around, playing at keeping house and making calls, with the temperature at — 40°. All the people on that coast from Wainwright Inlet around to the mouth of the Colville are comprised in the following villages whose population comprise all the inhabitants of this coast : Name of village. Location. No. of families. Total population. Kulinieum Wairtwri ght Inlet 10 8 23 31 80 50 130 ! ISO Southwest Point Belcher Cape Smvtke Uglaaruie ■ Total 410 Between Point Barrow and the Colville the country is uninhabited in the winter. The resources of this region are so limited that in the struggle for existence, these people are obliged to devote all their energies and time to procuring necessary food and clothing to maintain life, never being able to get a sufficient supply of meat ahead to lay in a reserve ; famine always stares them in the face should they relax their efforts. With the return of the sun each year their active life commences. Those that have arms and dogs go into the interior about the 1st of February to hunt reindeer; those belonging to the villages of Nuwfik and Uglaamie go to the south and hunt along the Meade and lk-pik-piui; those from the vicinity of Wainwright Inlet hunt along theKu: the others scatter along the western shore for the purpose of taking seal, and ducks as the season advances. Their tents, one or two in a plaee, seen by summer voyagers in this sea, has given rise to the belief that this coast is much more densely populated than it is in fact. For when the tents are out the villages are empty. is IT 1 S3 S3 g •-3 a SB 53 H O a g g w S3 2 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 39 The hunters return to the winter lints between the 1st and 10th of May, and the oineliks or boat-headers make up their crews for the whaling season. A boat-header (omelik) is one who is noted for his success in taking whales, and of course is a man of experience and considerable influence. Tbe crews are made up of men and women, generally ten to each boat; some crews are paid by the omelik, who feeds them and pays them in deer skins or other articles of native traffic ; others ship on a lay, each member furnishing his own supplies and they all share alike in the catch, the boat-header furnishing the gear. The women who are tabooed and the children cook and carry food out to the crews, who come in to the land as seldom as possible, and never go into a house, if it, can bo avoided. At this season, too, no work is done that will necessitate pounding or hewing or in fact any noise, neither shall there be work of any kind carried on in the tent (tupek) of any member of a crew. Should their garments be accidentally torn, the woman must take them far back on the tundra out of sight of the sea and mend them ; they have little tents, in which just one person can sit, in which this work is done. During the spring of 1882 they came to me and asked that I stop the work on the shaft, saying that it would offend the whales at this season. Early in March all hands turn to and build a road through the pack over which the boats can be hauled out to the lead ; this often necessitates a great deal of labor, especially when the lead opens far off shore, as it did in 1882. The village and camps are in a constant state of bustle and excitement at this season of the year; boat covers are being renewed or repaired; harpoons and lances are gotten out and every part of the woodwork carefully scraped; seal-skin pokes are lying about, looking like bloated seals, and the skulls of wolves, raven skins, or eagle skins are in great demand, for no no boat would be considered equipped without some such talisman. Daily the old men, especially those who are successful in curing the sick, meet on the sea-shore and (abawa) talk for an east wind, so the ice will be driven off shore and a lead, favorable for whales, opened ; and their faith remains unshaken through repeated failures, and when questioned as to the reason why their supplications remained unanswered they always attributed it to some offense they had given to the spirit. When the lead opens there is great rejoicing, and for a few days they display the utmost vigilance ; but should the whales fail to appear in a few days, they soon grow careless and cease cruising, haul their boats up on the ice and patiently wait for a whale to come to them, taking turns in standing watch while the others sleep or shoot seal and duck, which abound in the open leads at this season. As the season advances the boat crews are gradually broken up, and by the middle of June all boats are brought to the land, when parties are made up to go to Nlgalek, a place at the mouth of the Colville, where the people from Nuwiik and tJglaamie go to meet a band called Nu-na-ta'n-meun (inland people), where they barter oil and blubber for deer, fox, and wolverine skins. They some- times meet here the Kun-miVd'-lius and It-ku'd'-liiis, bonds that live along the coast between the Colville and Mackenzie. This meeting breaks up about the 15th of August, when they slowly re- turn along the coast, hunting by the way, and reach their winter villages from the loth of Septem- ber to the 1st of October, about the same time the traders go to the eastward. A few of the leading families from both villages pitch their tents at Perigniak, a point on the sand spit, about live miles from Nuwuk, where the eider ducks fly over, and speud the summer there, living entirely upon ducks and whitefish. The ducks they take with slings and guns and the fish with gill-nets made from sinews of the reindeer. Those who arc too poor to own a gun or to have oil for trade scatter through the interior, carrying their kaiaks on their heads to cross the numerous lakes and rivers, and gain a precarious livelihood by catching the young reindeer, the young and moulting ducks Avhich are found in great numbers iu the lakes and along Meade River, where they also take a few whitefish with gill-nets. The ducks are taken with a light ivory-headed spear, wtoch has a shaft seven feet long, one-half inch in diameter, with three long ivory barbs in the middle. It is thrown with a hand-board from a kaiak, the barbs catching the birds by the neck when missed by the lariat stroke. Their usual mode of travel along the shore in summer is by the umiak, the large skin boat ; with a fair wind they hoist a small lug-sail, but the boats being flat bottom will not sail on the wind, so with a head wind or calm weather the boats are towed by dogs, using the walrus harpoon line for a towing line; they never resort to the labor of paddling except when in pursuit of game or in 40 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. some emergency. When a landing is made the boat is hauled up above high wafer, and turned over and serves temporarily for a tent. By the 1st of October all have returned to their winter huts, aud are busy getting them in order for the winter; all the inside timbers and floors are carefully scraped, the passages which have become filled with ice during the summer are picked out, windows of walrus intestines are stretched over the openings, and by the 15th all are housed for the winter. And the seal-nets and spears are repaired and made ready, and, as soon as the ocean is frozen over, parties are constantly out on the ice, hunting for air-holes where the seal come to get air. As soon as one is discovered a number of families go off to it in the following manner: the nets are twenty-five feet loug and fourteen feet deep, with meshes large enough to admit a seal's head, and are rigged with stone sinkers along the bottom, and at the two upper corners are attached two rawhide thongs about forty feet long, one of which has a light weight attached to the end. Holes twelve inches in diameter, about thirty-five feet apart, are drilled through the ice about sixty feet back from the air-holes ; the weighted line is dropped through one hole, and hauled up through the other by a long pole with a hook attached ; this pole is made from small pieces of drift-wood care- fully spliced together with lashings of whalebone; by this line the net is hauled underneath tbe ice, hanging down like a curtain between one of the holes and held in its place by the lines being attached to a wooden pin. In this manner the air-hole is surrounded by nets as far as practicable ; one man or boy is left to attend to each net, and the strictest silence enjoined ; no word is spoken ; the watcher, wrapped iu his heaviest coat, patiently awaits through the long hours ; he occasionally scratches the surface of the ice with a scratcher, which is made of a set of seal claws attached to a piece of wood. The seal, in coming to the hole for air, strikes into the net; the strain loosens the liues from the peg and he entangles himself and soon drowns, when he is hauled out through one of the sealing holes and the net reset. Over one hundred seal are sometimes taken at a single air-hole within twenty-four hours, but they can be taken in this manner only during the dark of the moon — any light will betray the presence of the net. During May quite a number are taken at their breathing-holes, which have become enlarged, and through which they haul out on the surface of the ice at that season, by removing the weights from the nets and setting it across the hole with four lines on the under side of the ice. At this season, also, many seals are taken with the hand spear, at the " adlu," the breathing-hole of a single seal. It is usually detected by an excessive deposit of hoar-frost on the surface of the snow over the hole ; the snow is cleared away down to the solid ice, and in the hole, which is about one inch in diameter at the surface, is placed an ivory needle about one foot long and one-eighth of an inch in diameter; to the upper end a small cross-bar is attached, to prevent it dropping through, and a small feather, and the hunter takes his stand on a three-legged stool, which is always a part of his regular equipment, and patiently awaits the coming of the seal, of which the feathered needlo gives warning; after the stroke is delivered, if he succeeds in fastening to the seal, he proceeds to enlarge the hole until it will admit hauling him to the surface; this is usually done with an ivory pick attached to the shaft of his spear; as soon as a seal is taken its mouth is fastened open with a piece of ice, and a slot cut through the lower jaw before it becomes frozen. Should he be far out in the pack, where the ice is too rough for a sled to be used, the seal is dragged home by a hand drag, which is a strong loop about two feet long, made of walrus hide thong, fitted with an ivory toggle or handle, generally carved in imitation of two seals fastened together; tins loop is passed through the slot in the seal's jaw and over the toggle; each hunter must be supplied with at least one of these drags, as it is not considered proper to fasten to a seal with a line, that is used for any other purpose; when they get near shore the drag is removed and a few drops of fresh water is poured into the mouth of each seal before it is taken from the ice to the land; they gener- ally go through with the same ceremony with ducks that have been killed at sea, but never with those that have been killed over the land, and the bones of seals are carefully preserved unbroken and returned to the sea, if possible, either by being left in a crack in the ice, far out from the land, or dropped through some open hole in the ice. By so doing they believe that good fortune will follow them in pursuit of seal, which is their main dependence, for from its skin they make their summer boots and soles for their winter boots ; its blubber supplies the oil for their lamps during the long night, and with any surplus they may have they purchase deer-skins for clothing from the natives from the interior, and its flesh when cooked is an excellent article of food. The few EXPEDITION TO POINT BABROW, ALASKA. 4[ reindeer and water fowl they take are looked upon more as a luxury than a necessity, and tho flesh of the reindeer is the greatest luxury of all; those who have it carefully hoard it, and when they knew that we had some in store they would often come and beg for a small piece to be used as medicine for some sick person. Immediately after the departure of the sun, when food is plentiful, it is customary for each village to hold a kind of high carnival for three days; friends are invited from the neighboring villages, and the time is passed in dancing, singing, and feasting; the "kudyigm" (council-house) is fitted up with a new roof of ice, and crowded day and night, fresh dancers taking the places of those tired out, and the dull tum-tum of the drum, mingled with snatches of song and shouts of laughter can be heard coming from almost every iglu. It is customary at this season to exchange presents, especially among the more wealthy and influential ones; but the giver expects value received in return, and should he fail to receive a satisfactory present he does not fail to let his wants be known, and he often announces beforehand what articles would be most desirable in case he should make a present. In 1883 I was invited to attend one of these gatherings at Numfdr, and the old omelik avIio was sent as bearer of the invitation brought a statement of what they were going to give me; after waiting around the station for an hour or two he called me to one side and called over a long list of articles that they expected me to give in return, but as rum (tun-a), rifles 1 , and ammunition were leading items in the list, the visit was never made. A trade is made a matter of grave debate, and frequent discussions asking for a little more, no matter how much has been offered, and when an offer has been made they will go away and send the article by another person; and often when a trade has been completed they will come and demand their goods back, often leaving the articles they had received on the door-step, and when asked what they will take have great difficulty in making up their minds; and in making boots and clothing they will slight their work in every imaginable way unless carefully watched. I had occasion to purchase seal-oil, and they commenced bringing it to me in old tin cans that they had picked up at the station, and after a few honest deliveries they commenced bringing us cans filled with two-thirds ice and a little oil on top, and betrayed themselves by being over-anxious to get their pay before we emptied the cans. My first invitation to one of their ceremonies came in December, 1881, through old Nikawaalu, of tTglaamie, who came over to the station with a small delegation and in a grave, dignified manner said that the people of Uglaainie would be made glad if Captain Herendeen and myself would come with him and see the dance. "We at once started over, and as we approached the village w r e found a crowd upwards of 200 people collected around the council house; besides the IJglaamie people, there were delegations from Nuwuk and Sidaru. They were silently Avatching a pantomime that was being enacted by five men and two women who were standing in a row with the women on the right and left, facing the south, with the council-house behind them, and the crowd in front. They were attired in new suits of deer-skin worn with the flesh side out, dressed perfectly white; the men wore tall conical hats of seal-skin, ornamented with dentalium shells and tufts of ermine and Arctic fox fur. The women were bareheaded, with their hair neatly plaited. Behind the dancers sat a drummer and two singers, to whose doleful chant the dancers kept time with their feet, at the same time swaying their bodies from right to left' with spasmodic jerks, the women occasionally joining in the song, while the. men one at a time would spring a few paces to the front and in wild gestures portray how they had taken seal, bear, or deer, being cheered by the crowd as they fin- ished and took their place in the line. The day was clear, and their grotesque figures showed in sharp relief against the southern sky that glowed with the twilight of a winter noon ; their wild surroundings, backed by a frozen ocean, made up a picture peculiar only to the Arctic, and, once seen, not soon to be forgotten. After each had danced in turn, and it seemed a long time to us standing waiting in the snow in a temperature of 1S°, they adjourned to tho council-house, where as many crowded in as could find standing room, in a room 1G by 20; the air was redolent with odors from the lamp and the unwashed crowd, and, as the frost had hermetically sealed the roof and walls, there was no ventilation and the heat and stench soon became almost unbearable to us who were unaccustomed to such life. Two large stone lamps lit up the low room with a hazy light ; across the side opposite to the entrance a space G by 8 feet was curtained oil' with deer-skins, and in front of it was a model of a tree suspended from the ceiling, and, as the knowledge of the native H. Ex. 44 G --—- 42 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. who designed it was confined to the few pieces of drift-wood found on the beach and some pieces of timber cast ashore from wrecks, the specimen was unique ; it consisted of two oblong boxes open at both ends loosely attached together endwise with seal thong ; the part representing the body was 2 feet long, 8 inches square, and that representing the top 18 inches long and G incites square, and was suspended by a thong with the lower end two feet from the floor. On the right and left of the tree hung the skull of a wolf and the dried carcass of a raven ; two of the singers sat flat upon the floor with their legs extended, one close behind the other, the foremost one with his nose just touching the tree. As soon as all were in position the drummers, accom- panied by the women, struck up a doleful chant to which the man at the tree kept time iu his sup- plications to (Tuna) the Great Spirit to give them success in pursuit of whales, deer, seal, &c, and to send white men with plenty of rum and tobacco; and he particularly dwelt upon certain articles he knew we had at the station ; at the same time he beat the body of the tree with a wand. As he completed his schedule of wants the lower edge of the curtain was raised and five natives crawled forth on their hands and knees. They were dressed in the skins of the bear, wolf, lynx, fox, and the dog,t he heads being dressed complete, showing the grinning teeth. On their hands wero large mittens of dried seal-skin, with shells and small pieces of copper attached with pieces of thong, so that they swung and rattled as they moved their heads. They crawled slowly forward, swinging their heads in unison, keeping time to the music in hoarse growls, and by shaking their huge mittens until their heads touched the singers by the tree, when they all sprang to their feet with aloud shout, and the performance was brought to a close by all joining in a wild shout accom- panied by spasmodic gestures that seemed to threaten a dislocation of their joints. As we came out in the open air we found another party just commencing the outdoor dance, and- so they kept it up night and day. Each party as they completed their dance were feasted by friends in different iglus. The invisible spirit (Tuna) peoples the earth, sea, and air; we never could find that they gave it any place of fixed abode; visible at times, as many of the old men insisted that they had seen him, and described him as resembling the upper part of a man, but very wide, with an extremely large head and long fangs ; he is the creator of all things, and also the destroyer, is ever to be feared, especially in the night, and men and women, when out at such a time, usually carry a large knife to defend themselves should they meet him. That they believe in ghosts was apparent in the case of a woman who had been doing some work for our party. Coming to the sta- tion one day and being asked to mend a r>air of gloves, said she dare not, as there was a dead man in the village*, and his body had not yet been carried out; that he would see her and some evil would befall her. Upon being urged, she first obtained her husband's permission, and then seat- ing herself in the middle of the floor, she drew a circle around her with a bone snow-knife she car- ried, and remarked that now he could not see her; she was very careful to keep her work all inside the circle, and would not leave it until all was completed. They dislike to go out on a dark night, but if obliged to, they generally carry a bone or ivory snow-knife or a loug bladed steel knife, to keep off Tuna and Kiolya (Aurora), which they believe to be equally evil ; but Tuna especially is concerned in producing all the evils of life. Should the whales fail to put in an early appearance, the birds fly high or far out over the pack, the shore lead open late, a gale blow down their caches and break their gear and boats, the old and wise would meet in solemn conclave to devise some means whereby the works of Tuna shall be exorcised and he sh all be driven forth from the village. Various means are resorted to ; the most common one is for the principal men to meet and (abawa) talk, chanting together in a loud tone, accompanied by beating of drums ; they call for the east wind (nigyu) to blow on the ice (siko) to open it. Indi- vidual wants are by personal supplication, and to them, earth and air are full of spirits. The ono drags men into the earth by the feet, from which they never emerge ; the other strikes men dead, leaving no mark, and the air is full of voices; often while traveling they would stop ami ask me to listen, and say that Tuna of the wind was passing by. With the return of the sun he is hunted out of each iglu by incantations that would daunt the boldest spirit, A fire is built in front of the council-house, and at the entrance to each iglu is posted an old woman wise in ghost lore; the men gather around the council-house while the young women and girls drive the spirits out of the iglu with their knives, thrusting them under the bunk and deer skins in a vicious manner, calling upon Tuua to leave the iglu ; after they think he has beeu driven out of every nook and corner, as s ^■■M EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 43 fchey drive him down through the hole in the floor and chase him out into the open air with loud Shouts and frantic gestures. While this was going on the old woman at the entrance, v.'ho was armed with a long knife used for cutting snow, made passes over the air with ir to keep him from return- ing. Each party drove the spirit towards the tire and invoked him to go into it : all were by this time drawn up iu a half circle around the fire, when several of the leading men made specific charges against the spirit; and each, after his speech, brushed his clothing violently, calling upon the. spirit to leave him and go iuto the fire; two men now stepped forward with rifles loaded with blank charges while a third came with a vessel of urine, which was thrown upon the fire; at the same time one fired a shot into it : and, as the cloud of steam rose, it received the shot, which was supposed to have finished him for tlie time being. While they were ever threatening or supplicating Tuna we never knew them to offer thanks or be grateful for any benefits he was supposed to bestow ; everything they received was taken as a matter of course, and as the result of some particular in- cantation.* I saw a very ingenious contrivance an old man had rigged up to keep Tuna from entering his igiu. He had his seal drag, which was fitted with a carved ivory handle, suspended over the en- trance inside his hut; the thong was fastened by his hunting knife being driven through it into the roof; he explained to me that Tuna in coming in would catch hold of the handle of the seal drag to help himself through the hole and would pull the knife down upon his head and be fright- ened away. He contemplated his contrivance with a great deal of satisfaction, and assured me that Tuna was very much afraid of his iglu. Their dead are carried out and laid on the tundra without any ceremony other than the near relatives following the body to its last resting place: it is usually wrapped in deer skins, and if a man. his sled and hunting gear are broken and laid over the body; if a woman, her sewing kit and some few household utensils are placed at her head, but everything so left is broken and ren- dered nseless. With but few exceptions 1 never knew them to pay any attention to their dead after they were carried out, and all showed, great reluctance about speakiDg of them. The bodies are usually eaten by the dogs, especially in the winter, and it is no uucommou sight to see them gnaw- ing the bones on the roofs of the iglus. The sled used to carry the body out on the tundra is not brought back to the village at once, but left out on the tundra not less than two moons, and while they all claim that it is bad to use anything that belonged to the dead, I noticed that no matter how good an outfit he had while living his was the most worthless sled and gun that could be found, and I knew of a number of cases where there was a general division of a dead man's effects on a basis of first come first served. As a rule the dead (Xu'nami-sinik, on the ground asleep) are soon forgotten, and the names of the noted whalemen or hunters only live in legend. There is no marriage ceremony among them, but children are often betrothed by their parents at an early age, and this promise is very faithfully kept, and they enter upon their marriage rela- tions at the age of twelve to fifteen years : where there has been no childhood engagement the mother makes a selection of the wife for her sou, and the girl selected is invited to the house, where she takes the place of a servant for a short time, doing the housework and cooking, generally returning to her father's igiu to sleep. They usually avail themselves of- the summer trip along the coast or iuto the interior, and take upon themselves the full obligations of marriage. They often have family disagreements, the husband resorting to blows when the wife is sulky and disobedient, sometimes with the result of her running away: and we knew of one instance where, owing to a slight mistake the husband had made in his estimate of his wife's character, he obtained results not anticipated, for while oat on a deer hunt he attempted to chastise her for some fancied neglect of duty when she retaliated, and, being the stronger of the two, she gave him a severe thrashing, and then taking with her an adopted child she fled to a village seventy -five miles away. She sub- sequently gave up tlie child, but would not return to him, and soon after became the wife of an- other man. At the time we landed at Oglaamie this same woman carried on her back a box of lead weighing two hundred and eighty pounds a distance of over two hundred yards. The women as a rule seem to have an equal voice in the direction of affairs, when once ad- mitted to the position of wife, and in each village there are a number of old women who are treated with the greatest consideration by all. they being credited with wonderful powers of divination, and are cousulted iu all important affairs. And the wives are treated with more consideration by 44 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. their husbands than they are by savages of the lower latitudes, though to her falls the drudgery of housekeeping, dressing skins, and making boots and clothing; his task is equally hard, as he is exposed to the dangers of the ice and storms in the pursuit of seal and deer, often returning to his iglu completely exhausted. She aids and assists him by following his trail with the dogs and sleds to bring in the game which the hunter catches in the snow where he kills it, setting up a cake of snow or ice with his mark upon it, to mark the place. The wife is invariably consulted when any trade is to be made, and the husband never thinks of closing a bargain of any impor- tance without her consent. When traveling they take turn about in leading out ahead of the team, and all assist in building the snow hut when camp - is made. The wife also has the care of the dogs, with whom she often shares her food, giving as much care to the puppies as she would to a child, carrying them in the back of her ahtega or wrapped in skin on the sled when traveling, until they are old enough to be harnessed into the team, when by their faithfulness and endur- ance they make full return for all kindness shown them in their childhood (puppyhood), and although a dog team would try the patience of a saint, they never use a whip and rarely strike them ; they coax and encourage them along by the voice ; and often toward the end of a journey they hasten their pace by dragging a piece of fresh meat by a string in front of the team, being careful to keep it just beyond their reach. They give the most careful attention to their foot-gear, especially when traveling during the winter ; and here a woman's services are invaluable, as she is very expert in the use of her needle, and she dries and repairs the boots of the party before she sleeps ; this is necessary owing to the frail character of the skins used in making their winter boots. Men do such work when alone, but not so well as the women. She also carries a seal- skin water-bottle on her back under her " alige," which is replenished with snow after each draught, and is their sole dependence for water on long, rapid journeys during the winter. Large families are very rare, and children are born at intervals of from two to four years; they do not often bear children before twenty, and a couple is very seldom met with that has a family of more than three, though upon inquiry they may have some that a nuna-mi-sinik, " sleep on the ground," and where the people are poor it is not unusual for a mother to give away all but the first-born to some couple that have no children ; boys are in greater demand than girls for adoption, and the adopted mother gives it all the care she would a child of her own, and will rarely if ever tell who the real mother is. So it is very difficult to trace the antecedents of any one man, for during his childhood he may have passed into two or three different families by adoption, and many of them do not know who their mother is, much less their father, and matters are still further complicated by a custom of exchanging wives. This is often done when a man is obliged to make a long trip, and his wife from any cause is unable to accompany him. He will exchange with some friend who has an able-bodied wife, each entering upon their new relations with the greatest cheerfulness. Polygamy is not common, being confined to the leading influential men; even then, they are taken into the family more as assistants for the first wife, as she rules over them, treating them as servants; the system is not popular among the women, and we knew instances where the first wife abandoned the iglu in a rage when a second was brought home. When a man of matured years loses his wife, either by death or from incompatibility of tem- per, he selects one for himself, and that they sometimes use force to coerce them, when they have no near relations to protect them, I am well satisfied from an incident that occurred at the station. A native from a village to the westward, whose wife had left him, came up to Uglaainie to obtain another; one day we were attracted by loud outcries from a woman who had been waiting around the station for food, and upon going out to see what the difficulty was, wo found our friend from Sidaru vigorously cuffing her ears, and it was some time before we could make him desist; as soon as she got free from him she ran off, and he explained that he wanted her for a wife, but that she was not willing to go with him, and he was persuading her. His courtship was certainly unique, and I never heard that he succeeded in winning the affections of an Uglaamie maiden, and it is but just to add that he was very unpopular among both men and women. The tie of relationship binds them to deeds of kindness that they would not show to people outside of the family ; if a brother dies the survivor takes the family to his iglu until he can find another husband for the widow, and we know of an instance where a man lost his wife, and his UNALINA. "PRINCE OF NUWUK." EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 45 brother who had two (who were sisters) gave him one. Their efforts to get husbands for the widows of dead relatives were often very amusing. Mu'iiialu, a hunter employed at the station, was sup- porting his widowed mother, who was a great scold ; he brought to his iglu several candidates for her hand, who had been induced to take the step by Mu'iiialu offering to make them presents pro- vided they would take her, but a few days or weeks was about all the most patient could bear; after several trials and failures among the men of Nuwuk and Uglaamie, he iinally gave it up, but on one of his trips to the eastward he brought back with him a ISTunatau-meuu from Colville; as he was quite deaf and could not understand the Uglaamie language very well, her shrewishness had no effect upon him, and Muni was happy; he would laugh immoderately when talkiug about it ; but never, through it all, was he disloyal to his mother ; she always had a place in his iglu, plenty to eat, and was always treated with the greatest respect. In the treatment of their aged and infirm parents, the example set by these people could well be followed by many of the more civilized nations to their advantage; they never forget the tender care they received in their childhood, and as their parents grow old and are unable to maintain themselves the children display the greatest devotion. The first fruits of the chase is freely given up to them, and no project undertaken without their approval; and in all things the son remains obedient to the father so long as he lives, and speaks of him with the greatest respect after his death. In their summer journeyings, should they wish to remain at home they fit them up a tent (tupek) in some pleasant locality, and leave them an abundant supply of provisions, but more often accompany them in their wanderings, being comfortably transported by sled or boat; but the old people are rarely idle, for while the father busies himself making new seal spears and nets the mother assists in providing clothing and boots and dressing skins. We often had our day's journey brought to a sudden termination by some old woman in the party announcing that it was time to go into camp because she was tired or cold, and nothing we could say would over- rule her decision. Owing to the exposure and hardships they are obliged to undergo in the struggle for exist- ence they very rarely attain a very great age, and the majority by far die under the age of forty years, and a man at sixty becomes very decrepit. They have no means of keeping a record of their age, and it is generally calculated from some event connected with their history, as the coming of some ship, or a time of famine or pestilence. There was one man at Uglaamie, on board H. M. S. Plover, Captain Maguire, in 1853 and 1854, who, Captain Hull (who was master under Maguire) informs me, was about thirty years of age when the Plover passed her winters there ; at the time of our visit he was very decrepit, was bent nearly double, and crawled rather than walked, with a staff in each hand; his shriveled skin, toothless gums, and shrunken limbs gave him the appearance of great age, but he could have seen but little more than sixty years, if that. I met several who said they were children in Maguire's time, and they had every appearance of men of forty -five or fifty. That the race is rapidly decreasing is shown by the fact that duriug the two years we were on the coast, in the village of Uglaamie alone, there were eighteen deaths and only two births in a population of one hundred and thirty souls; and Dr. Simpson states that in 1854 the village had a population of over two hundred. He also reports forty iglus, while we found ouly twenty-six. At Niiwfik, he reports forty-eight iglus, and two hundred and eighty-six people. We found this village had dwindled to thirty iglus, and less than one hundred and fifty people ; and the freshly- cached bodies and numerous half-ruined iglus bore silent testimony to the fact that famine and disease had quite recently been at work. This is undoubtedly owing to the fact that the food- supply is rapidly growing less, and that the great number of whales taken off the coast by the American whaling fleet during the last twenty years has nearly exterminated that valuable animal. That they are decreasing in numbers is well known among the whalemen, and the fact that Dr. Simpson reports that during the time the Plover was at Point Barrow there were twenty-four whales taken by the natives, while only two were taken during our stay, one of which was a calf, goes to prove that they will soon be classed among the extinct mammals, and with them will soon pass away many of the people inhabiting this shore ; they are slow to take up with an innovation, and they do not really adapt themselves to the new condition of affairs which the loss of this great food- supply has brought about. The seal are not numerous, and often leave this coast entirely for a sea-; 4G EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. son. When this occurs, famine with all its horrors is upon them, and they have no place to flee to for help. During' the first winter at the station, food became very scarce, and scarcely a clay passed hut some poor native, with starvation written in every line of his face, hung around our doors beggijg for a mouthful of food. We gave them all we could spare with safety to ourselves, and undoubtedly saved many lives. Walrus hide and pieces of old boat-covers were considered delica- cies, but we never knew them to resort to violence to obtain food, and cannibalism is looked upou by them with horror, and 1 could not find that a case had ever occurred. They will not even eat their dogs. Some seasons a few white whales (Beluga) are taken. The skins of this animal are in great demand for soles to water -proof boots, and often bring a high price. Dr. Simpson reports that quite a number of narwhal were taken on the coast during the stay of the Plover, but I could find but one Indian that had ever seen one, anil they are not common in this ocean at the present time. Physically, both sexes are very strong, and they possess great powers of endurance; are capable of making long journeys on foot, with a very small allowance of food; in fact, when food is at all scarce, or while traveling, they never eat but once each day, and it was a surprise to us to see them when on a journey get out before daybreak, and, without taking a mouthful of food, make a journey of thirty or forty miles before breaking their fast ;.- and they treated their dogs in the same manner, saying that they traveled better when fed only at the end of the day's journey; sometimes they would give them a mouthful apiece toward the middle of the day, but the practice was looked upon as bad. The flint and steel is the most common method of procuring fire, using for tinder the down from the seeds of plants, impregnated with mealed powder or charcoal. Sometimes two pieces of iron pyrites are used, and we found the ancient fire drill still in use among some of the old, conservative men ; the drill was a shaft of spruce eighteen inches long and three-fourths inch in diameter, the lower end terminating in the frustum of a cone, the upper end made to fit the socket of a stone rest that is held between the teeth ; a block of hard wood with a small cavity in the center is used as a friction block ; a small quantity of tinder is placed in the bottom of the cavity and the drill pressed down by the mouth-rest and turned rapidly with a small bow like a jeweler's bow. They are anxious to obtain matches, but they are not considered a necessity, and will not buy them as a rule. Flints are an article of traffic, and are brought from Cape Lisburnc and the Romanzoff Mountains, there being none indigenous to this part of the coast. They believe that the pyrites come down from heaven in the form of meteors, and they call it fire-stone for that reason. The children receive the tenderest care, and we never saw one punished by its parents. It is no unusual sight to see a child nourished at the breast until it is four or five years of age ; this is especially the case with boys, who, as a rule, receive more care than girls. His food is carefully selected by his mother, and he is enjoined from eating certain articles that have been tabooed by some old woman, usually a relative; and this prohibition extends through life. With each individual there is always one or more article of food from which they carefully abstain, though the pangs of hunger may be upon them, and, as an old man expressed it, when declining a piece of bear meat, " It may be good for all men but me," shows the individuality of the custom. To us the treatment the women receive during confinement seems harsh in the extreme, and it is a matter of surprise that either mother or child ever survives the ordeal. Several days before her confinement the mother is placed in a small snow hut, if in the winter, and in a small tent, if in the summer; no one is allowed to go near her, except her husband, who brings her food and passes it in to her without entering the hut. Here she remains entirely alone until the child is one moon old. Should the child die, then she can return to her husband and iglu after eight or ten days. No person will knowingly drink from the same cup or eat from the same dish that a woman has used during her confinement until it has been purified by certain incantations. And any woman who has suffered from premature childbirth, or given birth to a child during the winter, is allowed to go into a canoe or out into the pack during the spring. Premature childbirth is of frequent occurrence among them, and we frequently noticed the greatest solicitude on the part of the husband to guard the wife from any accident during pregnancy. OS es m EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 47 ■ During tbe long winter night, when food is plenty, they delight to meet at the council-house, or at different iglns, and over their work recount, recall, different events of their lives, and repeat the legends of their race, which have been handed down from father to son, to which the youug people listen with rapt attention. These legends go back to the origin of man, and they tell with care full detail of a time when there were no men in all the land, but that a spirit called "a-se-la'' dwelt here alone, and that he made the image of a man in clay, set it up by the shore of the sea to dry, and after it was dry he breathed upon it and gave it life and sent it oat into the world. And he called the dog from a long way off to go with man, that he might have help in traveling. Alter a time the spirit made the Tuk-tu (reindeer) and sent him out into the laud, and the teeth of the deer were like the teeth of the clog. After many days man came to the spirit and said, " The deer is bad, he devours man." Whereupon the spirit called in all the deer and removed all the front teeth from their upper jaws, since which time men have lived on deer, and the deer have lived on moss and grass. Then the man asked the spirit that there might be fish iu the rivers and sea. And the spirit took a piece of pine and a piece of balsam and sat by the river where it emptied into the sea, and he whittled long shavings from the pieces of wood, and the shavings fell into the water, and the shavings from the yellow wood became salmon, and those from the white wood became whitefish and swam away. Their faith in these legends is very strong, and they are extremely opposed to any expressions of doubt or ridicule, and it is only by gaining their confidence and abstaining from any expressions of doubt in their presence that they can be induced to talk about their people or repeat their legends. We heard but one legend that referred in any way to the regions to the northward. It was said that many generations ago a man from Nuwiik was caught iu the moving pack that was setting to the northward so rapidly that he was unable to return to the land. After a great many days, more than he could count, he came to a land where dwelt a strange people ; they spoke a strange language, and dressed iu deer skins like the inyu. He remained with them a long time, but, wishing to return to his people, he left them one winter and started south over the ice, living upon the seal he caught by the way, and renewing his boots with their skins. The journey was so long that he wore out fifteen pairs of boots in returning to Nuwuk. Dr. Simpson reports a similar legend told him during his stay. They all have a natural craving for rum and tobacco; it is always the first thing tke\< ask for wdien they come to trade, and they are never satisfied unless they can get sufficient rum to make them dead drunk. The old men deprecate its use, and will tell how bad it is, and how certain men were hilled in drunken fights, and will be very strong in their denunciations of its use so long as they canuot get it, but generally fail to resist the temptation when it is offered to them, or an oppor- tunity occurs for them to get it. " Fortunately there is but little to tempt the trader to this region, and the little they get from the whale ships is consumed on the spot, so there is no drunkenness after the sea is closed. Their tobacco they hoard carefully, and it is used by old and young in quan- tities only limited by the supply ; they prefer a black-leaf Russian tobacco, but this is hard to get, as only small quantities of it reach this coast by the way of Behring Straits and the Diomede Islands. Next to this they prefer the black navy-plug of the commonest kind. Men and women both smoke and chew, and the children are given tobacco iu their earliest infancy. It is no uncommon sight to see a child not old enough to walk lying asleep with its cheek distended with a huge chew, or to see a woman with an old quid behind each ear which has been thoroughly masticated, and put up to dry, for the future use of her lord and master. Chewing does not seem to have tho slightest deleterious effect upon the children, while smoking affects the men very seriously. Their pipes are made of either stone, Avood, or ivory, and consist of a flanged bowl, from one and one-half to two inches in length, with a bore one-fourth of an inch in diameter, attached to a curved wooden stem made from two pieces of wood grooved and lashed together with seal thong; the bottom of the bowl they fill with deer hair and place on top of it a piece of tobacco about the size of a pea. It is all consumed at one whiff, and they hold the smoke in their lungs until they become nearly suffocated; a violent fit of coughing follows each smoke, and with the old men it frequently so prostrates them that they are quite unable to walk for some little time after each indulgence. From what the old men told us, and from some ancient stone pipes found in the ruins of aacient iglus, it would seem that they smoked before tobacco was known among them, and they 48 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. used a kilikmicJc made from the catkins and bark of the arctic willow, which they now use to adulterate their tobacco. They all seem to have a natural appetite for this weed in any form. Tbe men would often beg the privilege of cleaning tbe deposit from tbe stem and bowls of our pipes, which they ate with great relish, and, strange to say, without being nauseated in the slightest. That these people have not yet made the transition from the stone to the iron age is shown by the large number of stone and bone implements still in use among tlicm at the present time. Many of the old conservative men still cling to the habits of their fathers, and believe that stone arrow and lance heads possess virtues that makes them superior to those made of iron. They still teach the young men the art of chipping flint, and over their work tell them of the happy days before the white men came to drive away the whales and walrus, and when food was always plenty. An old man, when asked what he would do without the things the white men brought them, answered it would be very hard, and then to show us what he could do he showed a pair of boots he had on, and told us with great pride how, when his boots gave out while hunting, ho killed a deer, made a needle from a piece of his bone, thread from the sinew, and made himself a new pair of boots from the skin, and asked, Could a white man do that? In the spring of 1883, when they came to prepare their boats for whaling, they decided after many grave debates that the bad luck of the previous year was owing entirely to their having equipped their boats with white man's gear, of which they had abundance, obtained from wrecked whalers; so it was decided that they would go back to the implements of their fathers, and the old ivory and stone harpoon and lance heads were brought forth and repaired, and that they took one whale was attributed entirely to this change ; the fact that the whale was killed by a shot from a bomb gun wo loaned them to the contrary notwithstanding. Erom the head of Kotzebue to the mouth of the Mackenzie there is not found any timber of any size indigenous to that region, and the Colville, lkpik-pun, and Meade River bring down no drift of any size, only the arctic willow. The drift cast up by the sea consists chiefly of spruce, birch, and poplar; it often comes ashore with the bark and roots intact and but slightly water worn. That this drift comes principally from the Mackenzie is shown by the fact that it is found in great abundance to the eastward of Point Barrow, Avhile to the west of it not so abundant. Wc occa- sionally saw large trunks of trees, from two to three feet in diameter, stripped of roots and branches, generally of Cottonwood, which seemed to have been a very long time at sea. What little drift we saw coming from the westward was always old. The streams that have their source in Meade River Mountains bring down no drift larger than the arctic willow, and we saw no drift along the arctic shore that resembled that from the Yukon, found along the shore of Norton Sound. The natives in the vicinity of Point Barrow are always on the lookout for pieces of drift wood, and every piece that can be utilized in building hut or boat is at once marked and placed above high water. At leisure they work them down to the size re- quired, stick them up so as to show above the snow in winter, when they are hauled to the iglu and placed on the cache. It is often a work of from three to five years to accumulate enough timber to construct a boat or iglu. Every cache shows a store of neatly dressed sticks, that are highly prized, and that have a commercial value. In the small inlets along the coast drift wood was found from ten to fifteen feet above the high- water mark of the sea, and at first we were led to believe that such drift represented an unusually high tide, but we subsequently learned that it was caused by the heavy ice pack, which, in the winter, is forced in on the land by the violent gales, and makes a dam across the entrance to the inlets. The water from the melting snows in the spring fill up the inlets and finds no outlet until it overflows this barrier, when, running down rapidly, it leaves the drift high above the sea level. These openings, seen in the early summer, have often been mistaken for the mouths of rivers by people passing on snips. It is very doubtful if this vast stretch of country contains anything that will ever render it of any commercial value to the world. But on our voyage south wc were struck with the fertile appearance of the Aleutian Islands where we halted for a few days to repair our vessel. On the island we visited, though late in September, we found a luxuriant growth of grass still untouched by frost. All the islands we saw were high and rolling, intersected by beau- D ; EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA. 49 tiful valleys, watered by streams that abound in excellent trout. They were destitute of timber, but we could see no reason why they should not be valuable as grazing lands. The climate is similar to that of Ireland, and in about the same latitude ; the lowest recorded temperature in seven years is — G°F., and the annual mean is. The great Japan current gives to these islauds a climate peculiarly mild and equitable for so high a latitude, and I think a careful geological and geographical survey would develop valuiible resources. II. APPROXIMATE CENSUS OF ESKIMOS AT THE CAPE SMYTHE VILLAGE. [Each brace includes one household. A dash indicates that the person's name was not obtained.] ■1 Wan. Wife. 'Nik-a-wd-a-lu. O-we-i-na. Ptt-ka, A-ka-biiinii. . (l't-ii-ma-ln, deceased.) Xii-ga". Am-ai yii-na, Kai-yd-na. Tiiii-a-zu. | Ali-niVk-sii. ; A-ba'k-ta-na. I Ai'-bwuk. | Tau-yu'-a. ', I-ga-la. ! Kii-nia-sia. \ Ak-qlanii. ' A ii-o-ru. I Tii-ku. TcuS-afi-ra. U-.ia-lu. Yo'k-sa. ^I-ga-la-ti S. Ir-i ti-a-la. ' Mu'fi-I-a-lu. A-pai-dya-o. I Hu'bw'-ga. ! An-oai-jd. ; Nu/g-B-ru. * TiYk-a-lufi. TJ-ja-lu. C Yu-wai-a-Iu. \ Yu-wai-a-lii. | Ni-a-yn. < Ad-yu-Iu'-a. | Si-sa-nii. j Afi-o-a. < Ab-wCim-m. | Ad-yi-gi-ii. 5 Kug-rati-ta. (Kax-yo-H'na. ( (Naga-wavi-ia, deceased. < Ne't-una. < A-ba'k-ka-na. < A-miip-kana. J K5,'k-ak-pa. } Ad-ii-gaiid'-lo. < Pan-yu-na. (Ne-cii'g-a-lo, deceased.) At-kak-: Ne'f-u-lu. A-11-brnna. llunrfiii-i'n-a. Seak-a-hwuL-a. (la-k&g-i-ca, mother-in-law.' Siig-wa-dyii-a. Ak-sl-gu't-tii. Pu'-si-myft. Mu't-u-mi-a. Paii-seu-a. Aiinfi'bw'-gii. 1-dro. Al-a-li. Ni-ak-sd-rii. la-xo-xtvn-a. Aii-mg-il-la. Ka-ka-gu-nii. Kn-na-nii. A-ke'b-i'i-xfi. Suk-sa-na. Tuok-qlufl. Ala-li. A'l-a-ln. Ku-si bii'i-iia. Tai-pana. • mother-in-law.) tf-su. Hu't-u-mi-a (wife's sister). Anon. !Ni'p-pin. Kii-pi-dio. A-tun-u'n-a. Ni-yu-I-sfr'n-a. Tuok-qKvu. Nu-syoii-S'n-a. Malo children. A-li-brn-ra. Seak-a-bwn'n-a. f-gu-cu. Afl-uu'bw'-j Mun-I'k-sa. Kiit-ye". KS-pi'2-a-su. I-ta-qlu. I'n-yu-ti-a. Knna-lu. Kifl-ia. I'n-yu-ti-ii. I't-tft. K6k'-la. Ko-ko-16'nii. Piin-J-yvi-na-yn. Is-I-gai-u'. Female children. Net-tu-pun. Yu-ku'1-ya-lu. Mtil-i-gi-a-na. I'd-ii-gu ti-ii. 1'gnT-bin-a. Pe-ga+-lu. Ter-I'g'-lu. Pe-ga+-lu. Kil-ta. KITi-a-lu-kuna. Ad-wu'n-a (adult). Kud-Iit-lu. Kib-va. H. Ex. 44- Totals: 45 men, 52 women, 27 boys, 14 girls; in all, 137 souls. 50 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. MEASURES AND WEIGHTS OF THE ESKIMOS OF CAPE SMYTRE AND FOINT BAEEOW. [Collected by George Scott Oldniixou, acting assistant surgeon, United States Army.] No. Name. MALES. O-rc-i-na Afl-o-rii, ''Big" Afi-mYk-sa U-ja-la TT-'na-li-na A'ii-o-a Su-pin-ya-o Ta-ga", " Shadow " Yu'k-sifi-a Net-tu-na Sft'g 'i rn Antlers . . ... Tu-ku, " Walrus-harpoon head" . Yo'k-sa, ' ' cheek " Nag-a-wau-i;i, "Little Niig-a- Wtt'n-a" Ab-wCvm-iii A-ba'k-ka-ua. A-imip-ka-na. I-tft-ma-ln A-bti'k-ka-u ;i - TT-ja-ra Nu-cim-Vji-ii At-ka-n;i Nik-a-wa-a-lu, "Big Nag-a-wiVn-ii Mu'Ii-i-a-lu Si-na, "Beach" Na's-su-ii TT-.ja-lu Yii'k-sa, " Cheek'' I :t ."i la ti- 1 L'.ttlo Igala Am-ai-yii-na Nik i w.i a iu. J] i." TSl ag-a-wu'n -i Ax-lo, ' ' Grampus " Aii-na-ti-na .... Tiiu-a-zu Pu-kii At-kan;i TcuD-au-ra. "Beads" I-ga-hi, ""Window" Pau-yu-nii. "Sooty " Nag-a-wu'E-Ba A-pai-dyao Nau-ja-ii Age/ Height. Ft. In. 5 G 5 71 4 11 5 2 5 7£ 5 n 5 7i 5 01 5 2" 5 7 5 5 5 0J 5 3 5 31 5 0" 7 C 2 Hi 24 Si 4 61 34 Lbs. 101 182 126 142 171 180 146 145 147 156 150 146 143 149 135 159 165 137 136 154 170 137 161 148 149 144 101 174 138 103 173 204 147 155 131 132 1321 147" 169 151J 136 105 ■ a a O « Inch. 23 23J 22 221 23 231 221 22 23J- 22 20J 201 19" 23 22} 20| 2 Q i 22i 23 20i 22 22 22J 21 22 221 201 20j 22 22 814 19 I 191 19 191 221 21 92 211 22" No. Name. Age.* I-peak-si-na A-tim-au-ra A-pai-dya-o Nud'-luii A-ba/k-ka-na Ana Sag-a-bwaii-tya Yu/k-sm An-at-ka-nii FEMALES. Niak-sa-ra Pu'-si-iuyu Mu-Tnuii-i'n-a Tai-pa-nii A-sI-sau-na A-la-li U-nl-ri-ma A-no-u A-la-ri-a Sii'k-sa-na A-na-i I't-ti Ak-si-giVt-a" Nu-ta, "Young" Ni-y n-i-sft'n-ii Mu't-n-nii-a Tud-wi-a-lu Sur- we'n-a At-kak-sa Ne't-u-lu Ku-mi-ye'-na At-ka-na Se-mi-ya Ku-na-na Sag-wii-dyi'i-Li Kak-a-gu-nii Tai-pC-ru-nii A-tuii-u'n-a Tuok-qlfiji Pu'n-ik-puti Ak-pa-lu Height, Ft. In. 5 8£ 10 1* 1 2 3 10 01 8| 9" 2 3 9 101 0" 1J 2| 11 H % 3 is "3 2 Oh 11 HI 1 01 9" 3 Lbs. 1S8 139 100 150 147 144 137 100 149 148 124 131 139 128 172 130 100 120 124 152 156 144 142 127S 148 132 146 150 143 127 122 117 106 135 139 128 153 148 141 Inch. 23J 214 21J 21 21| 22 20| 21J 21 221 22i 21J 20i 20 '101 --4 21 1 18J 20 19 214 201 191 21" 214 20J 182 19 181 19 19i 20i 21 22 21 201 20i 20* 22 22 * Estimated. Average height •. 5 It. 2 J.J 3 in. Average weight : 14(§? lbs. Average height of males 5 ft. 3J-j-| in. Average height of females 4 ft. llfj- in. Average weight of males 153£" lbs. Average weight of females 135} 5- lbs. Tallest male 5 ft. 8J in. Tallest female 5 ft. 3 in. Shortest male 4 ft. 11 in. Shortest female 4 ft. 0J in. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 51 III. VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKIMOS OF rOINT BAEROW AND CAFE SMYTHE. [This vocabulary is arranged according to the schedules given in the second edition of the "Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages," by Maj. J. "W. Powell. The alphabet (which will be found on pago 87) used in writing the words is that given in the same work, with the addition of the charactor ti for the sound of the French eu. A sound indistinctly or occasionally heard is put in paren theses.] English. Eskimo. English. Eskimo. Tenons. Paris of the body— Continued. 1. Man. au-un. 39. Shoulder blade. ki-a-si-a. 2. Woman. afi-na. 40. Back. tu-mi-a. 3. Old man. aS-aid-yo-kwak-to, -sS. 41. Breast of a man. i-bi u'ii-ui-a, sfi't-ka. 4. Old woman. a-ko-ak-sa. 42. Breast of a woman (mam- mi'lu. 5. Young man. nu-ku't-pi-a. 1 ma). 6. Young woman. nivi u'k-sl-a. 43. Nipples. mudr'-ga. 7. Bov. nu-kut-pi-ft-ru. 2 44. Hip. 45. Belly. rouk-i-sa. 8. Girl. ni-vi-uk-sa-ru. 3 nad-dra. 9. Child, able to walk. miik-qlfl'k-to. 46. Navel. luil-a-si-a. 10. Child, creeping. pa-mOk-tu-a. 47. Arm. tud-li-a. 11. Infant, nursing. rnuk-qlftk-to-a-ya. 48. Armpits. vm-a. 12. Male infant. afi-u-ti'k-sa. 49. Arm above elbow. ak-sut-kwa. 13. Female infant. aii-nu'k-sa. 50. Elbow. i-ku-si-a. 14. Twins. nniitri ilfi, mad-re-ru si, a-no- 51. Wrist. I'u-ni-brun, nftb-gu-fi'B-a. ku't-i-ge. 52. Hand. a-dri-gai. 15. Married man. r'l-In-a. 53. Fight hand. tul-u'k-pi-a. 10. Married woman. null u'n-ii. 54. Left hand. saii-mi-a. 17 Widower. uu-li ii'k-so. 55. Palm of hand. J t-u-ma. 18 Widow. nu-li-u'k-sufi, n-i-di-ft/k-to. nu-li-ge't-to. 56. Back of hand. a-dri-gau-tu-nu-a. 19. Bachelor (old). 57. Fingers. i'n-vu-gai. 20. Maid (old). u-wi-gG't-to. 58. Thumb. kub'-lu. 21. A mother. ou-ni'a-ra. 59. First finger. tik-i-ra,-ti'k-a(l). 22 The yoang people. u-na-nu ti'-kun. GO. Second ringer. ka-tu'k-qluS. 23. A great talker. u-ka-lii-tu-ru. Gl. Third linger. rmk-I'lye-ra. ■ 24. A silent person. i-mtm-i-a/k-to, ma-kl-ma't-tu-a. G2. Small finger. yhi-kut-ko. 25. Thief. ticr-a-li-a-yu'k-tn-o. 63. Finger-nail. kit-kin. 2G. An active person. 27. A lazy person. yuk-i't-yu-ii. 64. Knuckle. nab-vu-dlu. yfik-ia-sn-ru-a. 65. Space between knuckles. mi-lik-kl. 28. A fair Eskimo. ini-su C't-yu-ii. GG. Finger-tips. nti-bu-a. 29. A name. at-ka. i G7. Hump. mid'l-u. j 68. Log. \ 69. Leg above knee. ni-uu-ii. kok-pa. j Parts of the body. 70. Knee. 71. Knee-pan. sit-kwnn-a. sit-kwa. 72. Los below kneo. i 73. Calf of tho log. na-ka-sun-nii. 1. nead. nia'k-o-a. 74. Shin. kiu-a. 4 2. Hair. nu't-ye, mi'tko. 75. Ankle. si-si'n-ne-riii, stfi-nl-u'D-ne-rlG. 3. Crown of the head. nu-yii'g-i-a. 76. Ankle-bone. kii'm-a. 4. Scalp. kis'i-a. 77. Instep. ko-ni. 5. Face. ki-na. 78. Foot. i's-i-gai. 0. Forehead. kau. 79. Solo of foot. al-ii-a, al-u-na. 7. Eye. i-din. 80. Heel. ki'O-uii-ii. 8. Pnpil of the eve. tu'k-u-vi-ii. 81. Too. pu-tu-gii-a. 5 9. Eyelash. klm-mC'r-id-ye'n. 82. Large toe. pu-tu-gu-a, tud-H-a. llk-i-ra. 6 10. Eyebrow. ka'b'-lun, ka/b'-lu T. 83. Second too. 11. Upper eyelid. kau-a, ir-rip-kod-la. 84. Third toe. nuk I'l-ye-ra." 12. Lower eyolid. lr-ri-bu't-a. 85. Fourth too. yiuk-ut-ko.'' ku-kin. 13. Ear-lobe. a-ki -a-go-a, pii-wa. • 86. Toe-nail. 14. Ear. si-u, p). si-u-tin. 1 87. Blood. au. 15. Perforation in ear. pu-tu-a. 88. Vein or artery. tu'k-kClu. 1G. External opening of ear. cub'-lii-a. i 89. Brain. kax-za. 17. Nose. ki'ii-a. 90. Bladder. nii'-ka-sufn). 18. Fidge of nose. ni'xu-a. | 91. Caul. ka-pis-i-yiin-ii. 19. Nostril. kiu-uu. : 92. Heart. u-ma-ta. 20. Septum of nose. pi-tu-ta, ku/k-i-vi-a. 93. Kidney. tak-tll. 21. Perforation of septum of pu-tu-ga. 94. Lung. pii-wi. nose. 95. Liver. ti'n-n. 22. Alae nose. at-kat-yu. 96. Stomach. a-ke-a-xo. 23. Cheek. yiok-sa. 97. Fib. tud-11-mud-rin. 24. Beard. ku-kug-lu-e-tin. 98. Vertebra. pl'k-kwin. 25. Moustache. uru-nyin. 99. Spine. ku-ya-pi'k-kuu. 2G. Mouth. kau-a. 100. Sternum. svt'k i(iii in. 27. Upper lip. u-mi-drri-in, \im-ni. 101. Clavicle. ku-tii-ii. 28. Lower lip. kak-qluii. 102. Humerus. ak-sat-ko-(a). 29. Tooth. ki'g-u, ki'g-u-tai. 103. Femur. kiik-tu-ii. 30. Tonguo. 6-ka. 104. Padius and fibula. a-im'1-ya-ruii. 31. Saliva. nii-wa, mi'-wuii. 105. Ulna. suk-i'b-ru-ta. 32. Palate. ki'l-ta, u-kau-ra. j 106. Poet-print. tii-miu.' pi. tii-mai. 33. Throat. tuftk qlu-ra. 107. Skin. a-mia. 34. Chin. tab'-lu-a. 108. Bone. sauna. 35. Neck. kuQ-a-si-na, kak-6a-lu. 109. Intestines. i-na-lu-uii-a. 3G. Adam's apple. tup-kii-ra. 110. Penis. u su, u-su-ii. 37. Bodv. ka-ti-gai. Ill, Vulva. ut-yu. 38. Shoulder. tu-in-ya, twi-twi'n-yli, niga- 112. Fist. ya-klt-kai. blii-ii. i "Youth." 'Dim. of "youth." s Dirn. of "young woman.' ♦Same as nose. M'n-yu-gai toes, = fingers. All natives do not givo names for tlieso toes, spond to tho names for lino fingers. These corro. 52 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKIMOS, Qc— Continued. English. Eskimo. Dress and ornaments. Cap attached to frock. Tunic. Outer tunic. Iimor tunic. Knee-breeches. Fur socks. Pair of moccasins, reach- ing to knee. Pair of moccasins, reach- ing to knee, water-proof. Shoes. Woman's moccasins. Girdle. Pain-frock, of walrus-gut. Mwitens, deerskin. Mittens ot bearskin. Gloves. Blanket. Robe of deerskin. Buckskin. Pringc of skin. Sinew. Thread (of sinew). Paint, black lead. Tattoo marks. Pouch. A ring. An earring. Labret. Barehead. Barefoot. Naked. ne's-u. a-ti-ge. 1 ka-lu-ru-a. i-lu-pa. ka'k-a-lix. a-luk-sm. kft'ni-mun. yu-kii'k-qim. 2 kl'b-lu-a-tyi-a. 3 ku'm-mufi.* tsip-se. si-lu'ii-a. 5 ait-kat-i. pii-a-lu 6 . ad-ri-gu-l-rl'n. li-lig-ru-a. "u-a-ga. yea-kl-vi'k-sa. ni-gra-ka. nii-km-a. i-val-u. rni'n-un. tab-lu-ru-tin. piik-sak. ka-tu'k-ql6-rufi. no-go-lu. tii-tu. nes-a-su. u-s6a-su, u-sl-lak-to. mut-;ak-to. Dwellings. 1. Village. 2. AVigwam (permanent dwelling). 3. Doorway. 4. Wooden trap-doorway. 5. Smoke-hole. 6. Fire-place. 7. Fire. 8. Fire-wood. 9. Blaze. 10. A light 11. Living coals. 1 2. Dead coals. 13. Ashes. 14. Smoke. 15. Soot 16. Poker. 17. Bench or bed-place. 18. A post. 19. Ridge-polo or joist. 20. Poof. 21. Wall. 22. Short beams below win- dow. 23. Opening for window. 24. Window-frame. 25. Window-stretchers. 26. Window-skin. 27. Floor. 28. Polo hung ur> for drying clothes. 29. Frame for same. 30. Lower frame for same. 31. Lodge (temporary dwell- ing) tent. 32. Bed. 33. Snow house. 34. Little house. 35. Little tent. 36. Sewing-tent 37. A ladder. 38. A stone. 39. Spring. 40. Water. 41. Passage-way. 42. Trail or path. 43. Seat, chair. I iu-yu-gi-u'k-to, I'g-a-lon. I'g-lu. pan, pa. klVt-tu. pn-yiYk-o-vi-a, i-gat-ik-la. i-ga, a-ga-run. I'g-ni-a. kun-na-ta-kln. ka-miin-i-su-a. mun-a-ru-a. ki-ruk-tu-ga. kirii-e-to. kam-nl-u'm-na-rin. i-suk. pari. i 'g-nia-kun. Ig-la-re, i'g-li-sin. it-kea-run. tu-run. kl'l-i-sIB. kut-ye. In it-kau-rtn. i-ea-la. ki'n-in. S't-kufi. l'n-a-lu. pun-5'k-sa, nat-kylil. i-mav-wlii. i-ni-tun. I-ni-sat-ya". tii-pek. si-ni'g-wi. a-pvi-ya. 7 J'g-lo-yu, lg-lii-ra. tu-pejk-o-yu, au-riik-tu, ka-Iox win. siid-li-Twin. tii-mai-kun. u-ja-ruB. im-eak-su-in. i-meak, i-muk. ap-ko-at-ta s kai-mt-tin. ap-ko-tin. it-sl-baa-tin. English. Eskimo. Implements and Utensils. Bow of wood. Bowstiing. Sinew on back of bow. Arrow. Notch in end of arrow for bowstring. Notch in end of arrow for arrow-head. Arrow-head of stone. Arrow-head chipper (made of horn, &c). Point of ariow-head. At row-shaft, of wood. Arrow-feathers. Quiver. Quiver strap. Wrist-guard. War club, small. Slnng-shot Fish spear. Bird dart. Deer lance. Bear lance. Seal harpoon (stabbing). Head of same. Line of same. "Loose-shaft" of same. Fore shaft, of same. Wooden shaft of same. Lino on tho same. Ivory ice-pick of same. Sral harpoon, darting. Head of same. Short "loose-shaft" of same. Heavy fore shaft of same. .Short line to "loose-shaft" of same. Long "wooden shaft of same. Lashing of same. Ivory iee-pick of same. Ivory finger-rest of same. Ivory peg for line of same. Bone seal-spear head. Plead of walrus harpoon. Whale harpoon. Head of same. "Poke" for same. Line or rope. Knife of stone. Knife-handle. Woman's round knife. Sling. Bird bolas. Canoe, single. Large skin-boat. Paddle. Mast Sail. Harpoon rest. Canteen made of seal skin. Fish-line. Fish or seal net. Fish-hook. Net for catching fish. Pipe. Pipe of stone, ripe-stem of wood. Sledge. Flat sledge. Dog-harness. Seal-dart. Snow-shovel. Walrus harpoon. pi-zi'k-sl. nu-ka'k-ta. ka'k-u-tai, kam-ni-gai. ka'k-a-ru. ag-glu-a. i't-er-o. ku-kin. ki'g-li(x). I'g-ni-a. i-pu-a. 8 su-lii-In. pi-zl'k-si-zaq. mu'n-nau-ta. mu'n-°Id-zin. ti'g-a-lun. tu'b-lu-kuB. kali-i-bu-a. nu-ya'k-pai. ka p-un. pu'n-nu. ii-mr. naii-lu. tn-kak-fln. i'-gi-mu. kittfi. i-pu-a. Sii-bro-mi-a. t.i-u. naii-li-gu. nau-lu. i'-gi-mu. u-ku-mai-lu-ta. ip-i'-u-ta. i-pu-a. nirn-xa. t'd-n. ti'-ka. ki'-ler-bwin. a'ic-:ili-guk. tfi-kii. a'i-yuu. ki'-a-^ron. a-no-tti'k-pufi. a'k-qlu-na. li-yum-i-ga. i-pufi-a, sa-vik-i-pii-a. n-hi-ra. I'd'-lu. kel-au-wi-taii-tln. kai'-a (k). li-mi-ii (k). aii-un. na-pdk-sa. tlfi-I-drau-ta. ku'n-mi. i'-mu-tln. ip-i'-u-ta. kii-bra. ni'k-sin, i'iik-qlun. sa'p-o-tin. 10 ku-i'n-ya. ni'-a, si-u-na. i-pii-a. ka'm-o-tin. ri-ni-a. a-nun. ku-ki-gu. pi'k-sun. li-nak-puk. Wooden-ware. 1. Cup or dipper. 2. Meat tray. 3. Bowl. 4. Fire-drill. 5. Bucket. i'-mo-syvi. i'-li-bi-a, nu'1-u-In. pI't-tuM-O. ni'-o-o-tin. kiit-au-a. 1 "parka," Russian territory. 2 Lit. " sealskins." 3 Deer, or sealskin. 4 Trousers and shoes in one piece. 6 f. sila, "weather." 6 Also of dogskin for children. 'apun = "snow." 8 "Shaft" in general. '"Weight." lc Set-DCt. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. 53 VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKIMOS, <,c— Continued. English. Eskimo. Wooden-ware— Continued. C. Tub (large). 7. Tub. 8. Tub. 9. Tub (urinal). 10. Oil tub. 11. Deep dish forcooked meat. ll-n-li'k-puu:; kad-11-vwin. kak-I-ta, ku-o-vwIH. il'k-si-TwiS. u-r6-nea-vwiu. Stone implements. 1. Adze. lid-li-mau. 2, Knife-point. i'g-ni-S. 3. Knife-edge. ki'-na. 4. Scraper. i'-kun. 5. Borer. i'-taun, i'-tug-et-sau G. Curved knife for wood. mi'd-lm. 7. Curved knife for ivory. sa-vix-r<5n. 8. "Whalebone tool. s;i-vix-u. 9. Lamp. kod-lii. 10. Bridge or partition in lamp. Blubber stick for lamp. sa-po-tlii. 11. i'-pPk-tun. 12. Kettle. " ut-ku-zln. Utensils of shell, horn, bone, die. 1. Horn cup. 2. Horn kidle. 3. Fossil-ivory dipper. 4. Ivory oil-cup. 5. Ivory needle case, fi. Bow-drill of bono. 7. Drill-bow. 8. Drill mouth-pieeo. i'-mo-syu. kil-i-yu-tu. kil-Ig-wu'g-a-ro. 3 6-ho-vwin. li-ya-mi. ni-a'k-tun. pi-zlk-su-a. ki'n-mi-a. 3 Food. 1. Tood, meat. 2. Son ii. 3. Milk. 4. Juice of meat. 5. Whale skill. G. Juice of meat cooked. 7. "Whale's gum. 8. Dish of dter-t allow. n'ia-ke. u-I't-vu-a n'ia-kS. i'-muB. uk-lS-ru. uaVk-tuk. ii-run. inu'm-a. a-ku'-to. Colors. 1. Black. 2. Blue. 3. Green. 4. Eed. 5. AVhite. G. Yellow. 7. Spotted. mfm-a'k-tu-a. n-mu-drak-tu-a, kaii-ina-ru-a. u-mu-drak-tu-a. ka-be'k-su-a, ka-na'k-tu-ii, i- pi-sa. ka-tu'k-tu-a. ka-ntin-ea-su-i't-yu-a. ag-lu'k-tu-a. Numerals — Cardinal numbers. 1. One. 2. Two. 3. Three. 4. Four. 5. Five. 6. Six. 7. Seven. 8. Eight, 9. Nine. 10. Ten. SUBSTANTIVE. a-taii-zi-a. ai'j-pa. pin-a-yu-ii. ee-sa-ma. tii'd-li-ma. a-tau-tcim-ifi a-ka-bln- i'd-i-gIn L thd-li-ma. 4 mnd-ro-nin, &c. pln-a-sun-Iii, &c. kod-lin-o-o-tai-la. 6 kod'-lin. ADJECTIVE. a-tau-zlk. mad-ro. pi'ii-a-sun. sP-sa-man. tu'd-li-man, tu'd- li-mut. English. Eskimo. Numerals — Cardinal numbers— Continued. 11. Fourteen. 12. Fifteen. 13. Twenty. 14. Twenty-fivo. 15. Thirty. 1G. Thirty-five 17. Forty. 18. One hundred. 19. One-half. 20. All. a-ki-miar-ot-ai't-5'uu-a. 6 a-ki-ini'-a. I'n-yu-i'n-a. I'n-yu-i'n-a tiid-li-mit'D-in a-ka- bin-1'd-i-gin. I'n-yu-i'n-a kod'-ll'n-lu, a-ka- bin-1'd-i-gln. i'n-yu-i'n-a ak-i-mia-min ai'- pi'i-liu. mad-ro in-yu-i'n-ii. tud-li-mu'b-i-pi-a. nu'b-va, mu'k-wii. Numerals (answering the question, " How many?") 1. One. 2. Two. 3. Three. 4. Four. 5. Five. 6. Ten. 7. Fifteen. 8. How many? 9. A great many. a-tautch-m-m. 7 road-io-nin. pin-a-si'm-in. se-sa-ma-nin. tud-li-mii'n-in. kod'-li'n-IS. a-ki-mia-min. kap-si-mn? a-ma-drak-tu(k). 1 Division of time. 1. A moon. 2. Fourth qnarter of moon. 3. Winter. 4. Summer. 5. One winter ago. G. Two winters ago. 7. Night. 8. Dawn. 9. Sunrise. 10. Dusk. 11. Day before day before yesterday. 12. Day before yesterday. 13. Yesterday. 14. To-day. 15. To-morrow. 1G. D iv after to-morrow. 17. Day after day after to- morrow. 18. Now (adverb). 19. Past timo (adverb). 20. Future timo (adverb). 21. Anciently. 22. When? (in past). 23. When? (in future). 24. f Autumn moons, when"! the women work on i deerskins in the sew- f ing-tent. ; 26. Dark winter moon. 27. Moon when sun roturns. 28. Moon to start deer-hunt- ing. 29. Nest moon. 30. Whaling moon. 31. Duck moon. 32. Egg moon. The rest of the year— tn' t-kim a-tau-zlk. nip-ta-kak-tu-a. u-ki-o. u-plii-ak-sa. u-ki-o. u-ki-o-si-bwii-a-ni. ta.<> ug'-lu. suk-un-yuk-paufi-a. ni'p-I-ru. i's-fa. 10 ik-pii'k-sa. u-nufi-mun, ufi-a-li-a-na. kuD-mu'm-I. u-bla-xo. ik-pfi'k-sa. i's-fa. 11 tu'tl-wa, ai-pa-ni. 12 na-na-ko. ]0 a-dra-ni. ku'n-ii ? ka-kn-go ? siid-li-vwln. siid-H-vwiu kIn-6-li-a, s.-ai'-pa. i-das-n-ga-rn. kai-bwi'd-a-wl. aud-lak-to-bwl. suk-fiu-ya-su-ga-wi. u-mi-su'r'-bwlu, suk-sl-la-bwi. kau-kcr'-bwin. yo'g-ni-a-bwln. No moon, sun only." Animals — Mammals. 1. Bear, polar. 2. Bear, cinnamon (barren ground). 3. Caribou (barren ground). 4. Caribou fawn. 5. Caribou young buck. G. Caribou,' old hornless doe. na'-nu. a'k-qlak. tu'k-tu. n6-xa. nu-ka."> ai-nufi. 'Stone or iron. 2 Kiligwii, fossil ivory. 3 "Heel." " 1 added to 5. 5 "10 reduced." (?) c "I don't get to fifteen." '"One in number," " to the number of ono." s The common reply for any number over five. "Lit. "darkness." 10 And preceding days. 11 And succeeding days. is More than four years ago. M Lit. "by and by." » Under five years. 54 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKLMOS, «fc— Continued. English. Eskimo. English. Eskimo. 1 A n Vmals — Mam metis — Continued. Birds — Continued. 7. Dos- ki'in-mer, ki'n-muk. 17. Goose (white). ku'fi-o. 8. Dou puppy which can kim-ml-a-ru. IS. Goose (brant). nug'-Jii'g-nu. walk. 19. Grouse (white), Ptarmi- a-ku'd-a-gin. 9. Bog puppy, blind. kl'ra-mi-yu. gan. 10. Ermine. tC'i'-i'-ii. 20. Gull. naii-yii. j 11. Fox. kai-a7k-tuk 21. Gull, Sabine's. yitk-kud-ri-gug-i'-a. ! 12. Fox (red). ka-na'k-tu-a. 22. Gull, Boss' Posy. ka'B-max-a-lu. 13. Pox (black). kai-au-a, kaiak-tnk nriin-a'k- 23. Ivory gull. nau-ya-hwufi. tu-a. 24. Gerfalcon. kl'd-ri-guin-iil. 14. Fox, Arctic. ter-i'g-iiu-i-ii. 25. Loon (white-hilled). lud'-Ufi. 15. Lemming. av-Tvifi-fi. 26. Loon (red or hlack throat- ka'k-sau. , 1C. Marmot (Parry's). si'k-siu. ed). IT. Moose. tu k-tu-wiifi. 27. Owl (white snowy). iik-pi(k). 18. Narwhal. tu-ga-liu. | 28. Phalarope, red. sa-bra n . i 19. Ox, musk. u-mui-mau. ■ 29. Phalarope, northern. sa-briin-na. I 20. Sable. kiVb-we-a-ti-a. 30. Pigeon (sea). seak-bwuk. 1 21. Seal, ringed. nfi't-yi. 31. Plover (blaek-hellied). ki-raion. 22. Seal, ringed, young. net-yi-a-ru. 32. Plover (golden). tiid'-liii. 23. Seal, harbor. ka-sl-gi-a. 33. Paven. tu-lu-a. 24. Seal, ribbon. kai-xo-liu. 34. Sandpiper (pectoral). ai-hwuk-i-a. > 2,"). Seal, bearded. lig'-ru. 35. Sandpiper (Bonaparte's). kain-i-a-lu. I 26. Sheep, mountain. i'm-nea. 36. Sandpiper (red-backed). 37. Sandpiper ( s e m i- m6aka-plu. i 27. Wolf. a-ma-xo. nl-wIM-wVl-uk. 28. Walrus. ai'-bwuk. palmated). 29. Whale. ak'-bwiik. 38. Sandpiper (buff-breasted.) nud-lu-a-yu. 30. Whale, killer. ax-lo. 39. Snipe, robin. tu-a-wi-a* 31. Whale, "white. kll-e'l-yu-ii. 40. Swan. kiig'-ru. 32. Wolverine. kab-wni. 41. Skua. i-srm-u. 33. Mammoth (fossil). kll-i'g'-wa. 42. Tern. ut-yu-ta-kiu. 34. Foetus. i'-hlan. 43. Turnstone. tul-i'g-u-a. Parts of the body, dc, of mammals. • i Parts of the body, dc, of birds. 1 1. Antlers. nu'g-e-ru. . 2. Bone. sau-nii. 1. Beak, or hill. si-go. 3. Brain. kax-za. 2. Mouth. kan-a. 4. Claw. kii-kin . 3. Eye. i'd-druB. 5. Dung. an-na. 4. Neck. ko-mo-zin. G. Entrails. i-na-lu-uii-a. 5. Feathers. tn-hi-ga. 7. Fat. lik-snk. G. Wings. i's-a-xo, l's-a-xu-In. 8. Hair. mi't-ko. 7. Wing-feathers. sii-lu. 9. Heart. u-ma-ta. 8. Tail. pup-kln-ea-ko-ko. 10. Meat. nia-kf. 9. Tail-feathers. pu'p-ki. 11. Milk. i'-muii . 10. Legs. mi'p-kwo. 12. Paw. is-i-gai'. 11. Toes. is-I-"gai. 13. Penis. u-su-a, u-su. 12. Claws. kii-kin. 14. Stomach. a-ke-a-xo. 13. Gizzard. a-ke-a-xo. 35. Skin. a-mia. 14. Vent. l't-ka. 16. Tail. puni-i-u-nii. 15. Egg. mii'n-ni. 17. Tendon or leader. i'-va-lu . 16. Shell (of egg). sau-naii-a. 18. Teeth. ki'g-u-tii. 17. Yolk (of esg). ka-nnn-ra. 19. Walrus-tusk or ivory. tii-ga. 18. White (of egg). ik-tl-a. 20. Tongue. oka. 19. Bird's nest. u-glu(n). 21. Testicles. i'g-gru. 20. He flies. tin-i-rn-a. 22. Whale-hone (a "slab"). 23. Seal's hreathing-hole (in cu-kiik. cii-kai (pi.). a(d)-lu. i ice). Fi sh. JBii ■ds. 1. A fish. 2. Burbot. 3. Cockle. TU-ka-lu. tl-ta-lS. si-ii-ti-go. 4 1. Bird. 5 kaii-we. 1 4. Crab. ki-naii-ra. 5 ti'n-mia. 2 5. Lycodcs. kiix-rau-na. 2. Auk. at-pa. G. Sculpiu. ku'1-ai-o, ku'n-ai-o. 3. Bunting (Lapland). nes-aud-li-gii, $ nes-aud-li-ga- 7. Smelt. it-bou-nifi. i bi-ii. 8. Whitehall. a-nak-qluii. I 4. Bunting (snow). : 5. Crane (little sandhill). a-mau-h-ga, y a-maii-li-ga-ln-a. tiit-I'd-ri-gu. ' C. Curlew (Eskimo). tu-ra-tu-ra. 7. Duck. kaii-we. 3 Parts of the bo dtj, dc, offish. S. Duck (pintail). 9. Duck (king). i'V-Wll-gll. cf ki'n-a-llli, $ aii-na-hi-a. 10. Duck (Pacific eider). c? a-maii-lin, $ eu-gii-lu'k-tun. 1. Mouth. kau-a. ■ 11. Duck (Steller's). lg-m-kaiik-to. 2. Eye. id-run. 12. Duck (Spectacled eider). ka-wa-so, cf tu-tu-lu, $? yu'k- 3. Gills. mas-si. qlu-lu. 4. Breast-fin. aii-u-tau." ■ 13. Duck (long-tailed I a-had-lin, ;'id-yi-gi-;t. 5. Back-fin. sit-ka. 14. Eagle (golden). tl'ii-miak-puk. 6. Tail-fin. pum-i-u-na. ka-p-1-si. 15. Finch or any little passe- su'k-sa-xi-a. 7. Scales. rine bird. 8. He swims. afi-o-ak-tu-a. 10. Goose (white-fronted). nu'g'-lug'-ru-ii. 9. Claw of a crab. pii-dju-tin. | 1,1 Fowl." 2 "Small bird.' 3 Lit. "fowl." 4 Sin-" ear." s Hyas latifrons. 6 Fromafiun "paddlo." EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 55 VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKIMOS, 2 1. Leaf. kiu-me-re. 20. Village, southwest of the Kll-aue-ta-wifi. 2. "Willow calkins. 3. Limb. 4. Body or trunk. 5. Boot. C. Tree, willow. 7. Wood. 8. Small wood. ki'm-mi-u-ru. 3 kwa-re. nuFi-a. ld'1-yen-B-ra. u'k-pi(k). kO'-ru. na-kl't-yu-a kS-ni. inlet.(?) 21. Point Hope. 22. Elsou Bay. Tik-8-ra. 13 Ta's-yiik." 23. Little pond at Pern-yii. Kik-yuk-tu'k-tu-ro. 16 24. First beach lagoon (salt). I-meak -pu'n-ig-lu. 10 25. Second beach lagoon (fresh). 20. Third boach lagoon I-meak-pufi." 9. Large wood (timber). na-pak-'tu. 4 Si'n-nyu. 13 I'k-pl-lffi." 10. A flower, yellow poppy or buttercup. tuk-a-lu'k-I-ca, &c. 5 (fresh). 27. Fourth beach lagoon 11. Flowers. nau-ru-un. (salt). 28. Fifth beach lagoon 1-mcrn-ya. (goose-pond). Geographic terms. 29. Sixth beach lagoon (at I-su't-kwa. station). 30. Little villoge-ponds. Tiis -e-ra-ru. 1. North. u-ua-ni. 31. Little sti cam east of Point Ku-a-ru ai-])a. 20 2. Northeast. a-kil-yvtn-ua-nri. Barrow. 3. East. ka-ba-ni. 32. First large river east of Ku-a-ru. 4. Southeast. ka-wa-ni-kii'nini. Point Barrow. 5. South. pii-ni. 33. Second largo river east of Ku lu-gru-a. (5. West. a-wa-ni. Point Barrow (Meade). 7. Southwest. a-wa-ni-ku'n-n:'i. 34. Thiid largo river east of I'k-plk-pufi. 21 8. Northwest. wal-uii-na-nn. Point Carrow. 0. Northward. u-nuO-a. 35. Great Lake connected Ta's-y iik-pufi. 22 10. Northeastward. a-kil-yuu-iui-niun. with this. 11. Eastward. ka-vu'n-a. 3G. Mackenzie Biver. Ku'-pufi. 23 12. Southeastward. ka-wu'fi-a-tu'n-na. 37. The Colvillo Biver was 13. Southward. pai'in-:i. always spoken of as 14. Westward. a-wu'n-. : i. "Nog-a-lefi-mT-ku," 15. South west ward. a-wii'n-ii-ku'n-na. "the river at Nega- 30. Northwestward. wal-i'ih-na-mun. lek,'' and we did not ob- 17. Here. m;i-ni. tain the name. IS. Hither. maun-a. 38. Biver at Wainwright's Ku." 1 10. Where. (?) ci'i-mi. (?) Inlet. 20. Whither? cu-mun. (?) 39. Biver of the Nunatan- Nu-(n)a-tok. 25 21. Sea. tax-ai-o. '.neun. 22. Bay. tu'fi iik-i|Iun. 40. Locality for gypsum, one Tu't-ye. 23. Strait. to'd -at-kori. day's journey east. 24. Lake. i-meak. 1 ' 41. ,: Fair-ground' ' at mouth Ne'g-a-lek. 20 25. Island. kik-yu'L-tu. of Colvillo Biver. 26. Point. 27. Biver, stream. nii-wuk. ku. 28. Itiver mouth. pan-a. [ The Finn a inent.— Meteorological and other physical l>henom- 29. Cape. u-Ek-to. ena and objects. 30. Saudspit. 31. Sandy island. ten -Hk-a-ru. tfi'p-kun. 32. lleneii, shore. si-na. 1. A cloud. a-no-wi-e'k-sa-xo. 33. Beninsula. i-su. 2. The clouds. nu-bu-ya. 34. Cliff. i'k-pik. 3. Clear sky. a-lu'k-tu-a. 4. Sky, weather, "all out- doors." si'-lii. Geographical names. 5. Sun. su'k-un-yu(k). (i. Moon, 7. Full-moon. tiYt-kun. Im-ighik-tu-a. 1 . Point Barrow and village. Nu-wiik. 7 -| 8. Half-moon. niix-ak-to. 2. Summer camp, Elsou Bay. Pern-yii. 9. Crescent-moon. a-mi't-yu-ii. 27 u-glu-ri-ii. u-glu-ri-a a-ua'k-tu-ii 3. U. S. signal station. I-su't-kwa. 8 10. Stars. 4. Village at Cape Smythe. Tjt-k(l)i-av-wi2. 9 11. Meteor. -. 'Cf.tuk-u-ya, 'flag." 2 "Little braider." 1 "Puppies."(?) 4 Cf. na-pak-sii, "mast.' 5 Same as "butterfly." <">" Water." 7 "The Point." 8 Also name of lagoon, a " The Cliffs." 10 Deserted village. "New village. 12 A few houses. 13 " The Forefinger." 11 " Enclosed water." 'Island Pond.' in "Big water, too." 17 "Big water." '» " Shoestring." (?) ""With high banks." 20 " The Second Kuaru." 21 "The Great Cliffs." 22 " Great enclosed water." 1 23 "The Great Kivor." 24 "Tho Eivor." «" Inland." 26 "Goosetown." I 27 Lit, "thin." 56 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. YOCABULABY COLLECTED FROM TEE ESKIMOS, $c— Continued. English. Eskimo. English. Eskimo. The Firmament -Continued. Social organization. 12. Aurora. ki-6(l).ya. 1. Eskimo. 1'n-yu. 9 13. Rainbow. ni'-fifi. 2. White man. ka-blii-na, tu'n-nyin. 14. Fog. tii'k-tu. 3. Negro. tak-si-prun. 15. Hoar-frost. 16. Snow. si'-ko nug-5-rti'k-to. a-pun. The following are local designations, signifying "men of and such a nlaee." such 17. Falling snow. ka-nin. 18. Drifting snow. pe'q-sn. 1. Point Barrow. -Nn-wu'11-me-un. 10. Hail. teg-mit-ko-sak-to. 2. Cape Smythe. Et-ki-av-wi'fi-mS-un. 20. Ice. si-ko. 3. "Wainwiight's Inlet. Si-da-rtin-mSun. 21. Icicle. ku-sii-gCi, ko-ko-lu-tin-ya. 4. River ''Ku." Kun-m5-nn. 22. Water. i'-meak, i'-mhk. 5. Kil-au-i-ta-wiS. K-il-au-I-ta-wi'fi-mg-un. 23. Deep water. i't-i-ra. 6. Point Hope. Tlk-C-rafl-me-un. 24. .Shallow water. i'-ka-to. 7. Hotham Inlet. Si-la- wl'fi-me-un. 25. Imago reflected by water. ta-ga". 8. Botham Inlet. Kn-wft'n-m5-un. 20. Foam. k;i-pak-qln. 9. Nu-a-tak and' Colvillo Nu-na-taS-mS-un. 10 27. "Wave. mul-lin, mu'1-lhk-so. Rivers. 28. Current. s6ak'-bwfi. 10. Mouth of Mackenzie Ku-pu'n-me-un. 29. Northeast current. kai-j;m-na. River. 30. Southwest current. pi-rb-fi'n-na. Tribal names. 31. North current. ait-tafi-nii. 32. Soath current. tuk-su'n-nc. 11. Between Colvillo and Kfin-mh'd'-lin. 11 33. Eddv. ld'd-la. i Mackenzie. 34. Whirlpool. i'-cftk-a-ru-a. 12. Inland beyond Colville. tt-fcu'd'-lin. 12 35. Overflow of river. cu-pi-rii-a. 13. Inland beyond Colville (?). En-a-ko-ti-na. 13 36. Flood tide. u-li'k-tu-a. 37. Ebb tide. kln-i'k-tu-a. 38. Rain. si'-la-lu. Government. 39. Thunder. kiYd-lu. 40. Liahtning. i'g-ni-a. 2 41. Wind. 42. Strong wind. a-no-8. a-nak-lii'k-so. 1. Captain of a boat. u-mi'a-llk. 43. Norlli~to east wind. ik-iVn-na. 44. Southeast wind. ni'-gyfi. 45. South wind. Ml-a-u'n-na. Religion. 46. Southwest wind. 47. Northwest wind. rin-a-lu. kiin-u'n-nii. 48. "Whirlwind. u-ya-lu-na. 1. A demon or hobgoblin. tti'uii-a. 49. The ground. nu-nii. 50. Dust or sand flying. pi-yu'k-so. 51. Mud. 52. Sand. . a-kutc-i-ni-a. si'na. Mortuary customs. 53. Salt. tax-ai-o. 3 54. Rock. 55. Stone (jadeito, pectolite). uj-ya-irm, a-Ii-go. kaud'-lo. 1. Dead body. Dead, he is. < i-ln-wun. tu-kii-ru-a. mi-na-im si-nl'k-to. 11 50. Coal. 57. Soapstone. al-lu-ii. tn-na'k-tu. 2. 58. Pitch. a'dn-gun. 59. Amber. aii-mii. 00. Eclipse of sun or moon. piid-la-ru. Medicine. 01. Earthquake. 02. Storm. i-bwa-rii-a. n-ma-13/k-puk. 63. Surf. i'n-i-u-lm. 1. Headache. a-n£m-naq-tu-a. 04. Rubbles. pub'-lun. 2. Toothache ki-o-su'k-I-ru-a. 05. Ursa major (tad). tu'k-tn-o-ru-In. 3] A cold. nu-wuk. 66. Pleiades. pa-tu'k-tu-rin. 4. Svphilis. Aboil. u-su-hVk-1-ro. 67. Arcturus. si-bwud'-li. 5. a-yu-a. 08. Altair. a-gru. 6. A cut. pi-luk-si. 69. Vega. a-giu-lu-bwfik. 7. A lame man, woman, or tu-si-C't-to. 70. Cassiopea. i'-brosi. girl. 71. Orion's belt. tii-at-san. 8. A lame boy. nu-pi-a-du. 72. Ice-hummock. mo-ni'1-ya. 9. A blind man. ad-iT-gaud'-lo. 10. 11. A blind woman. A deaf man. a-yafi-a-ru-a. tn-sil-ak-to. Kin ihip. 12. Breath. an-ea-sak-tu-ii. 13. 14. Sweat. Blood. uk-uak-tu-ii. au. 1. My child! a-pa!« pii'n-i-u, pu'n-i-gu. 6 afi-o-ta. a-da-ta. 35. Hrine. ku, ku-i-ru-3. 2. My daughter! 3. My father. 4. My father's father. 16. 17. 18. Dung. A medicine man. A medicine woman. k6k'-la, an-na. a-nflk-sa. pun-in-u-nii. 5. My mother's father. G. My grandfather ! a-na. a-ta'-ti-gu. 6 7. My elder brother. a-niii-a. Amusements. 8. My sister. 9. My younger brother. ni'-ya-ga. nu-ka. " 10. My uncle. ak-ka-ka. 1. Song. a-to'k-tu-ii. 15 11. My father's sister. afl.-na.ru-a. 2. Dance. \Va-mi. 12. My mother's sister. a-ta-ga. 3. Mask. ki-nau. 13. My mother's brother. afi-a-ga. 7 4. Gorget. su'k-I-mtin. 14. My mother's sister. an-na-ru-ii. 5. Dance-cap. Drum. ka'b-rft. 15. Mylathcr'sbrother'swife, a-sau-a. 6. lco'1-yau. male speaking. 7. Whizzing-stick. Im-ighik-tu-a. 16. My wife. nu-h-u'B-ii. 8. Teetotum or top. kaip-sa. 17. A step-brother. kut-fin-u-tii, » 9. "Bean-snapper." Playing-sticks. mi-ti'g-li-gaun. 18. Orphan. 51-1-a-ru. 10. ka-pu-ta. 'Lit. "hole." 2 "Fire." 3 "Sea." 4 Address ; also child to parent. '' Address. c l?u-ka-rin, "brothers." 7 Female speaking. 8 Of a different nation. 9 Lit. "a human being." 10 Come to Point Barrow every summer. "Eskimos. 12 Red Indians — " Tino6. ' 13 Red Indians. "Lit. "sleeps on the ground." 16 "He sings. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 57 VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKIMOS, $c— Continued. English. Eskimo. English. Eskimo. New words. Number and gender of nouns— pronouns— Continued. 1. Barrel. i-mo-si-d-ru. 14. One boy. nu-kut-pi-a-ru a-taii-zlk. 2. Large barrel, cask. 3. Small barrel. i-mo-si-a-ru-ru-a. 15. Two boys. nu-kht-pl-d-ru mad-ro. i-mo-si-a-ru-a-yu. 16. Three boys. nu-kut-pi-a-rii-In pi'fi-a-sun. 4. Whip. i-pi-rau-tii, a-nau-tii (without 17. Many boys and girls. muk-qlfik-tu-a-ru-ln. lash). 18. One clog. kl'm-mea a-tarl-zlk. 5. Axe. a-nau-ta, tu-kt'n-ga-ru-a. 19. Two dogs. kl'rn-imfi mad-ro. C. Iron-headed arrow. sav-id-lm. 20. Three dogs. kl'ni-mifi pl'n-a-sun. 7. Nails of metal. ki-ki-6n. 21. Few dogs. kim-mer-1-ruu-a. 8. Beads. tcuii-aii-ra. 22. Many dogs. klm-mi-u-ma-ru. 9. Broom. ti'1-ax-a-zi. 23. All the dogs. mu'k-wa kl'fi-miik. 10. Button. tu-tnu-ra. 1 24. One arrow. ka'k-a-ru a-taii-zlk. 11. Cloth. u-ki-tra, a-tik-qluB. 25. Two arrows. ka'k-a-ru mad-ro. 12. Cloth, sail. tIB-I-drau-ia. 26. Three arrows. pin -a-sun-kak-a-ru-lifi. kak-a-ru-ke't-tvtfi-a. 13. Comb. I(d)-Iai-u-tin. 27. Few airows. (I have?) 14. Clock. siik-un-yatl-ra. 2 28. Many arrows. kak-a-ru-rufi-a. 15. Knife, pocket. pin-a'k-tu. 29. One stone. uj-ja-rfm a-taii-zik. 16. Hammer. kau-tft. 30. Two stones. uj-yak-kuB. 17. Iron kettle. fit-ku-zln. 31. Three stones. pl'n-a-sun uj-ya-ruH. 18. Tin can or pannikin. iit-Sn-zi-au-rii. 3 32. Many stones. nj-ya-ga-rm. 10. Tin fish-horn. ni-pak-qtuk-taun. 33. All the stones. irj-ya-ga-Trn, uj-ya-ra-rln (rnu'k- 20. File. a-gi-rra. wa). 21. Saw. u-lu-a'k-tun. 34. Male dog. afi-n-sS'1-u. 22. Glover's needle. ko-ag-ra-liii. 35. Female dog. afi-na-se'1-u. 23. Sciosors. svi'd IT-sin, pi.; sing, one blade, 36. Male seal. ti'x-gun. 15 sft'd-lm. 37. Femalo seal. nu-nuq. 16 24. "Watch chain. ku'1-tm-nu. 38. Male bearded seal. kad-ii-gua. 23. Pistol. cu-pftB-au -ra. 4 39. Male reindeer. pu'n-rrufi. 26. Gun. cvt-puB. 6 40. Female reindeer. kii-lau-ufi. 27. Kiile, "Winchester. a-ki-mla-lifi. 6 41. This man. i'n-yn li-na. 28. iliflo, Sharps'. sa-vix-ro-liu. 42. I. wufi-a. 29. Bific, Spencer. kai'p-sna-lifl. 43. To inc. u-ii'm-nun. 30. Kifle cartridge. kai'p-si. 44. Thou. I'lu-It. 31. Cartridge shell. U-iYg-6-ru. 45. To thee. Sl-i'fi-nun. 32. Bullet. ka'k-a-ru. 7 46. He or sho. ri-na. 33. Cap, percussion. ka'b'-lii. 47. You two. il-ip-tik. 34. Powder. ax-6-ra.s 48. At your "place," house- Il-Ip-tlB-Inl. 13 35. Shot. kftk-a-rii-ra. 9 hold, &c. 30. Iron. sa-vik. 49. To your "place," &c. il-i'p-tiS-nmi. 37. Lead. d-xa. 50 We. u-u'g-un. 38. Bullet-mold. kak-a-ri'-bwiB. 51. At our "place," &e. n-a'p-tiu-ni. 39. Target. lit k-sa-ra. 52. To our "place," &c. u-a'p-tifl-nun. 40. Cap or hat. nes-a-ra. 53. Ye. I-li'p-sI. 41. Coat. a-ti'-ge. 54. At your "place," &c. I-11'p-siB-m. 17 42. Pants or drawers. ku'm-roufi. 55. To your "place." &c. i-lip-sin-nun. 43. Bread (hard). kak-o-la. 56. This, that. li-na, 6-kwa. 44. Flour. 'p\i-lau-;'i." 57. This here. u-na-he, mu'n-na, mtin-ria-h6. 45. Match, friction. kil-I-il'k-sa-gau. 58. All this. niu'k-wa-he. 40. Caudle or white man's ne'-ncx-ron 59. Who? ki-nii. ? lamp. 60. What, what is it? sii-na. 47. Sugar. 48. Molasses. "slft-ra." (ufi- ,'k-qln. 49. Soap. 50. Tobacco. i'a-kals-kun. taii-wak, tau-wak-o, "ti'-ba." Personal and article pronouns — transitive verbs. 51. Spirits. tfi'B ii. 52. Finger-ring. ka-tu'k-qle-rvifi. 53. Mirror. ki'-na-raun, ta-gak-tu-en. 1. I am striking him (now) ka-ka-ta-ru'E-a li-na. 54. House (our station). Ig-lii-kpuk.'o with closed hand. 55. Door. i-ka-ra, iip-kwa. 2. Ho is striking with closed tl'g-lu-ka. 56. Pencil. mifi-n a'k-tun. 11 hand. 57. Paper, book, newspaper. muk-pa-ra. 3. I am kicking (him). wu'E-a, a-ki-ga. 58. Steamboat. I'g-ni-lm. 1 - 2 4. He is kicking him. ak-suB-ear-ii-na. 59. Ship. u-mi-ii'k-puk 13 . 5. Ittfi killed one duck with Ittu atautciniifl kelaultaiitlni GO. Ship, "three-master." u-mi-a'k-puk piB-a-sun-IB-na- the sling. kauwuksimero. pak-sa-Hfi. 0. Ho kills deer. tfi'k-tu-tu-a. 7. He kills ducks. kau-wu'k-tu-ii. 8. He has killed no ducks. kau-wuB-ait-yo. Number and gender -if norms — pronouns. 9. Who killed tho crane? 10. Thev kill walruses. ki'-ii tut-Id-ri-gau-tii? ai'-bwiik-twun. 11. He kills seals. ne't-yl(l)-su-a. pa-tuk-tu-a. I'n-yu a-taii-zlk. 12. He divides into portions. 1. One person. 13. Are you making snow- tug-ii-lu'-li-bi ? 2. Two persons. In-yu mad-ro. shoes ? 3. Three persons. pi'fi-a-sun I'n-nu-in. 4. Few men. In-yu-ki-tu-Sn. 5. Many men. In-yu-gi-u/k-tu-an. 6. What a number of men ! in-yu-kak-pa-si'1-ya ! Posse *sion. 7. All the men. 8. Some men. mu'k-wa l'n-nu-it. In-yu-gi-u/k-tu-an. 9. Ko man. In-yu-ait-yo. 14 I'n-yu ad-la. 1. My hands. wu'fi-a a-di-gat-ka. 10. Another man. 2. I have no tobacco. ti-bax-ot-ait-yufi-ii. 11. One woman. afi-iia a-taii-zlk. 3. You have no tobacco. ti-bax-ot-ait-tu-iln. 12. Two women. afi-na-qi'fi-na. 4. Ho has no tobacco. ti-bax-ot-ait-yo. 13. Three women. an-na-qaifi-nam. 1 5. Yo have no tobacco. ti-bax-ot-ait-yu-s8. 1 "Little labret." 2 "Little sun." s "Little kettle." 4 "Little gun." 5 " Onomatopoeic. c "15-er." 7 Lit. "arrow." 8 "paii-ra." » "Little bullets." 10 "big iglu." n mi J fl-un=black lead. ,2 i'g-ni-a "fire." 13 "big canoe." 14 " There is nobody." 16 Phoca f oetida. 1G Where there are only two. 17 Whero there are more than two. H. Ex. 44- 58 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARBOW, ALASKA. VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG TEE ESKIMOS, $c— Ctutinued. English. Eskimo. Possession — Continued. 6. They have no tobacco. 7. I have plenty of tobacco. 8. Ton have plenty of to- bacco. 9. Whose dog is this? 10. Whose party is this ? il. This is Angoru's party. 12. Hero is Itt'u's dog. 13. Whose bow is this? . 14. "Whose knife is this ? 15. AN'hose are all these hands? l(i. Nftgeru's (possessions). 17. At Nftgera's. 18. To Kugern's. 19. A tern's bill. 20. A woman of soaps.tone. ti-bax-ot-ait-yn-au. ti-bax u-ti-ka'k-tun-a. ti-bax-u-ti-ka'k-tu-tin. ki'a-o-kwa-lii'm-niea ? kit-kun tu'd-wa. Afi-o-riii-kun tu'd-wii. l't-tub ki'm-mea tu'd-wa. ki'ii 6-kwa pi-zi'k-si ! ki-ii 6-kwa sa-vik ? kit-kun mft'k-wa ad-ii-gai? Kng t-riit-kun. 1 . N"ng-6-nit-kun-iri. Nug-C-nit-kun-nun. ut-yu-ta-kib si'-go. tu-nak-tu'p-ku-ni-a.* Intransitive verbs, <£e 1. I am hungry. 2. I become hungry. 3. I shall become hungry. 4. You arc hungry. 5. You become hungry. 0. You will become hungry. 7. Ye are hungry. 8. Ye become hungry. 9. Ye will become hungry. 10. He is hungry. 11. Ho becomes hungry. 12. Ho will become hungry. 13. They are hungry. 14. They become hungry. 1 5. They will become hungry. 16. I am making water (uri- nating). 17. I was makiug water. 18. I am going to make water. 19. Ittu is making water. 20. I am talking. 21. I was talking. 22. I will talk. 23. You were talking. 24. He is talking. 25. It-tft is talking. 26. I am singing. 27. I was singing. 28. I will sing. 29. You were singing. 30. He is singing. " 31. Ittu is singing. 32. I am laughing. 33. He is laughing. 34. He is smiling. 35. I am walking. 36. He is walking. 37. Ittu is running. 38. The bird is flying. 39. Jttu's knife is bad. 40. I am cold. 41. He will become cold. 42. I am getting warm. 43. He will become warm. 44. It is cold ! 45. It is hot! 46. It is dark! 47. It will become cold to- morrow. 48. If it is cold to-morrow I shall not go. 49. A stone sinks in the water. 50. Who is that (man) ? 51. Lie down (to a dog) ! 52. Lie low! pi. 53. Go away ! 54. Go home! pi. 55. Go home! (to tho tent). 58. Come! 57. Let him come! 58. You darken (the window). 59. ne went in, entered. CO. Did he enter? kak-tufl-a. kak-si-ruil-a. kak-si-nl-a/k-tun-a. kak-tu-tin. kak-sl-ru-lin. kak-sl-m-a'k-tu-tin. kak-tu-se. kak-si-ru-se. kak-sTn-i-a'k-tu-se. kak-to. kak-.-I-ro. kak-sin-I-a'k-to. kak-tu-an. kak-sl-ru-au. kak-si-ni-a'k-tu-an. ku-i-ja'k-tuii-a. ku-i-juk-tu'n-S-rftn-a. ku-i-jak-tu-nl-a'k-tun-a. kui-ja'k-to. ok-lia'k-tun-a. 6k-ha'k-tun-er-uh-a. ok-ha'k-tu-ni-a'k-tufi-a. ok-hak-tnfl-5-ru-tIn. ok-ka'k-to. I't-tu ok-ha'k-to. a-to'k-tun-ii. a-tok-t uii-e-rnii-a. a-tok : tu-ni-a'k-tuii-a. a-tok tufl-e-ru-tin. a-to'k-to. a-to'k to I't-tu. Ig-lii'k-tufi-3.. Ig-Ki'k-to. ku-mu-yuk-tu-ii. pi-so-a'k-tun-a. pi-so-a'k-to. I't-tu ak-pauk-tu-a. tlTi-mia Iz-i-ku'l-ye-ru-S. I't-tub sa-vik a-si-ru-a. a-la-pak-tuii-a'., ki-yln-S'k-tun-a, a-la-pak-si-ni-a'k-to. u-na'k-si-iuu-a. u-nak-si-m-S/k-to. ki-yln-ak-pa-si'l-ya ! u-nak-pa-si'1-ya !' ta-pa-sl'1-ya! u-bla-xo al-a-pak- sin-I-a'k-to. u-bla-xo al-a-pak-pfit, aud-lan- I-un-i't-yun-a. uj-ya-run ki'm-me-ro i-mft'-mi. kin-aii-na? 3 a-ko-wi'd'-li. 4 a-ko-wi't-yo ! a-wu'n-a-rin (S.), awufi-a-rl't- u ye (P.). Jg-lu-mun-i't-ye ! tu-pCTi-mun-I't-ye ! kai(n) (S.), kai't-ye (P.). kai-li. ta'k4u-tln. is-1'u-C-ro. is-I'2-a-ba? English. Eskimo. Intransitive verbs, <£c. — Continued. I did not enter. Shall I came in? Come in! Shall I come ? What shall I (do) ? What do you (want) ? Where are you going ? I am not going (any) where. 1 am going home. When will you go south ? To-morrow I will go cast. 2. Whither will ye go? 3. When it becomes good or gets well. 4. It will become good. • 5. - — will bo plenty. 6. If or when shall bo plenty. 7. When was plentv. 8. I forget. 9. Yon forget. 0. I forgot completely. 81. They will come, be here. 82. They will not come. 83. I am going to stay. 84. Ithasgoneout (pipe, &c). 85. They dive (ducks). 86. They come up (ducks). 87. There will be a dance. 88. Dance! 89. I am drunk. 90. I cut. 91. I sew. 92. I've hurt my shin. 93. I hit my nose, make it bleed. 94. I bump my head. 95. I bump ray forehead. 96. I hurt my'knee. 97. I crack my crazy-bone. 98. My foot's asleep. 99. He falls in tho snow. 100. Ho falls backwards. 101. He falls sidewavs. 102. He falls forward. 103. Ho falls into tho water. 104. Ho falls by slipping on his heels. 105. He falls by slipping on his toes. 106. He almost falls by slip- ping on his heels. 107. He shoots at a target, 108. He (the deer) has no | antlers. 109. What are you laughing at? 110. You strut with your el- bows out. 111. It is bad. 112. It is very bad. 113. It is done with , over. 114. I want. 115. 1 want my jacket. 116. I want some water. 117. Iwanta chew (of tobacco). 118. He puts on his boots. 119. He puts on his jacket. 120. Ho puts on his mittens. 121. Ho puts on his breeches. 122. Wakoup! 123. Give mo a light! I want to smoke. 124. Whero have you been to? 125. How long will yon be? (on a journey). 126. Is it far? ■ 127. Is it near? 128. It has sunk, fallen under (water). 129. no (tho bird) has flown. 130. Your shoe-string is broken. ls-iu-ai't-yuii-a. i's-uk-liin-a ! is-a-ii'n-(go)! kai'-ltin-a ! cu-hm-a ? cii-ru-tin ! su-nia'k-pin (3.), su-m-a'k-pl- s6 (P.)? su-ni-uii-i't-yiur-a. lg-lumun-ai-nia'k-tun-a. ka-ko-go paun-a-nia'k-pi? u-bhi-xnn-go ka-wuii-a-ni-a'k- ttm-a. cii-mun rl-ip-si al-uk-ta-ni-a'k- pi-si ? na-kuo-si'k-piit. na-kuo-slu-i-a'k-to. a-ma-d.a-ni-a'k-to. a-ma-drak-ptit. a-ma-dran-mut. wft'ii-a pu-i'-gu-a. i'1-u-it jm-i-gi. pu-i-gak-slm-er-u'u-a. pin-T-A'k-tun. pin-i-uii-i't-tuu. a-kiit-piu-ia'k-tuii-a. kam-iv-wau-na. a'g-luk-tu-an. kii'k-i myu-an. u-a mi-ni-a'k-to. u-o'-ndtin (S.),u-o'-mit-ye(P.). lun-a'k-tufi-a. wu'ii-ii pi-luk-a. wu'ii-ii ki-le-a. kiu-a-diak-tufi-ii. pu-si-kak-tnu-S. a-pi'ik-tnli a. ka-ti-run-a. sit-ko-uk-tun-a. It-kut-si-ak-tuii-a. ka-kil-i-sak-si-ruii-a. 5 na-kok-to. ni-weak-to. In-na'k-to. pu-tu-kl'tto, pa-sak-to. i-rmik-to. ko-ai-ja-ke't-yu-a, koai-jau-na'k-tu-a. ko-ai-ja-ket-kai-ak-to. nCk-sa-iak-tu-a. nug-e-ru-i't-yo. cu-bi Ig-lii'k-pi ? an-u-tau-kwak-tu-tiu. 6 pi-lu'k-tu-a. l>i-lu-pi'k-sua, pi-yu'k-so. Interrog. pi-yu'k- pa? wun-a pi-sii-kl-ga. a-ti'-gl-luii-a. i'-mfik-lfiu-a, wi'-lak-sum-nin. kflra-mik-ta'fc-to. a-ti-gl-ro. ait-kfit-l-rd. ka'k-a-lik-so. it-ug-S-ca! I'g-nyuh-min ! ku-kug-lufi-S. cu-mun kid-li-in-a-bwi ! kap-si-niksi-nik-ta-lu-tiu ! u-ma-si'k-]ia .' kai-ni't-pa ! ka-tuli-si-me-ro la-su'm-nili. tSil-ik-sI'm-er-o. sin-vu'k-su-tln. 1 Household, party, &c. 2 "Ku-ni-ii,' jargon for woman. Danish 3 =ki-na una ? * Third person siusular. r ' "I become niiinb." e Cf. Eli-u-ta-o, breast-tin. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. 59 VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKIMOS, $c— Continued. English. Eskimo. English. Eskimo. Intransitive verbs, die — Continued. Intrasitivc verbs <£c. — Continued. 131. Tie your shoe-strings ! siii-yer-i'n! 214. I have gone. a-luk-tuk-sl'-me-rvm-a, 132. I have no shoe-strings. sifi-jl'k-tufi-a. 215. I shall go. a-luk-ta-ni-a'k-tuii-a. 133. He weighs. u-ko-mai-si-lak-to. 216. I did not go. a-luk-tiin-ait-yuii-ii. 134. Take one ! (one of two). ai-pa pi'k-sa-rifi ! 217. I do not know. nel-u-ru'n-ii. 135. Got out of the way ! ka-ki-di-li-a'k-si-ga ' 218. I do not know it. wu'fi-a nel-u-ga-ga, 136. He sits down. ot-tu-ii. 219. You did not know. i'1-ult nel-u-gi, nf;l-u-i'. 137. Ho is angry. sa-perg-nii'k-to, sa-perg-sak-to. 220. I hear. tu-sa-run-a. 138. He is raving. u-nri-nak-to. Inter, u-ml-na'k- 221. I heard. wu'n-ii tu-srt-ga-ga. pa. 222. You heard. I'l-u-it tu-sa-gi. 139. They are copulating. ku-yu'k-tu-an. 223. I saw. wii'n-a tau-tu'k-ki-ga. 140. I come. kai'-ruii-a. 224. I do not see. tau-tun-ait-yiui-a. 141. Thou Gomeat. kal-ru-tln. 225. I did not see. tau-tiift-ai't-klt-ka. 142. Ho comes. kai'-ro. 226. Did you see ? tau-tii'k-pi-u? 143. We come. kai-ru-xim. 227. Did yo see? tau-tfi'k-pi-u-sS? 144. Yo come. kai-ru-se. 228. I killed. wu'n-ii tu-ku't-ki-ga. 145. They come. kai-ru-iin. 229. Thou killedst. I'l-u-it tu-kut-k-ki. 14G. I came. kai-me-run-ii. 230. He killed. tu-kii't-ka. 147. Thou earnest. kai-mS-ru-tiu. 231. 1 die, am dead. tu-ku-rii'ft-ii. 148. He came. kai-me-ro. 232. I am not dead. tu-kuftail-y uu-ii. 14!). We came. kai'-mf'-ru-xuu. 233. Kakaguna nearly died. nu-na-ml-si-nlk-kai-ak-to Ha- 150. Ye came. kai-me-ruso. ka-gu-na. 151. They came. kai-me-ru-iin. 234. It is spoiled. pi-luk-si'm-e-ro. 152. I shall come. kai-ni-a'k-tVuj-a. 153. Thou wilt come. kai-ni -a'k-tu-tin. 154. He will come. kai-m a'k-to. 155. We two will como. kai-ni-a/k-tu-xu. Adjectives and participles. 15G. You two will come. 157. They two will come. kai-nT-a'k-tu-xim. kai-ni-fi'k-tu-xu. 158. AVe shall come. kai-m-a'k-tu-xun. 1. Thick. si-li'k-tn-ii. 159. Ye will come. kai-ni-fi'k-tu-sc. 2. Thin, slender. a-mi't-yu-a. 100. They will come. kai-ni a'k-tun. 3. Square. St-kau-ra. 161. If, when, &c., ho shall kai'-put. 1 4. Kound. kai-u'k-su-ii . come. 5. New, young. nu-ta. 162. Whenorhecansehecame. kaiii-nrut. 2 6. Old. ii-tu-ka. 163. I came not. kain-ait-yuii-ii. 7. Near. kai-m't-yu-ri. 164. Thou earnest not. kaiti-ait-tu-tin. 8. Ear. u-ma-zi'k-su. 165. He came not. kaifi-ait-yo. 9. Good. na-kii-ruk. 166. Ye came not. kaifi-ait-yu-sG. 10. Bad. a-si'-riik. 167. I shall not come. kai-ni-uu-I't-yun-a. 11. Heavy. u-ko-mait-yua. 168. Wilt thou come? kai-ni-a'k-pi? 12. Light. o-t.-j- 1 j"u ; 169. Will he come 1 kai-m-iVk-pa ? 13. Clean. lp-ki't-yii. 170. Will yo come? kai-ni-a' k-pi-so 'I 14. Strong. sn'ii-i-ru-a, cu-.a'u-I-ru-ii. 171. I eat,' ne'x-S-riiii-ii, 15. Killed. tu-ku't-kii. 172. Thou eatest. n6'x-e-ru-tiu. 16. Landed, on top. ka-ki't-kii. 173. He eats. nc'x-F-ru-a. 17. Erozen. ki-kl't-kii. 174. Ye eat. ne'x-e-ru-so. 18. Lost. ta-mu'k-tii. 175. They eat. ne'x-e-m-an. 19. Big. aii-o-ru, -a. 176. I sleep. si-ni'k-tufl-a. 20. Little. mi'k-I-ru-a. 177. Thou sleepest. si-nl'k-tu-tiu. 21. Long. tu'k-i-ru-a. 178. He sleeps. si-nl'k-tu-a. 22. Short. nait-yu-a. 179. Wo two sleep. si-ni'k-tu-ii'n-ui. 23. Elongated in shape, hut tuk-i-tl'g-I-ru-a. ISO. They two sleep. si-nl'k-tu-iiD. short. 181. -Wo sleep. si-ni'k-tu-n'ti-ni. 24. Pretty long. tuk-t-f ;il-o-a'k-to. 1S2. Ye sleep. si-ni'k-tu-se. 25. Cold.' al-a-na, 183. They sleep. si-ni'k-tu-uu, si-ni'k-tun. 26. Hot. u-na'k-tu-a. 181. I shall sleep. si-nin-nia'k-tuii-a. 27. Eull. si-la-wl't-tu. 185. When, hecause, he slept. Si-ni'g-mftt. ' 28. Broken. na-wi't-kii. 186. I do not sleep. si-niu-i't-yhuii. 29. Returned, brought back. kai-li-wiii-i't-la. 187. I shall not sleep. si-nm-nl-uii-i't-yuii-a. 30. For sale. a-kl-tcu.(k), a-ki-ta. 188. Are you asleep '! si-ni'k-pi? 31. Netted. na-pi't-to. 189. Is he asleep? si-ni'k-pa ". 32. Blown away. tm-i't-ka. 190. I am scared. ku-ga-hik-tuii-a. 33. Inside-out. ud-li-lu-go. 191 . Thou art scared. ku-ga-luk-tu-tiu. 3). Fast. cu-kai-ro. 192. Ilo is scared. ku-ga-luk-tuii. 35. Hard. ait-yu-i't-yu-a, si's-i-ru-5. 193. Ye are scared. ku-ga-luk-tu-sc. 36. Slow. cn-kait-to. 194. I am not scared. ku-ga-lufi-ait-yufi-S. 37. Soft. a-kl't-yu-ii. 195. Art thou scared ' 190. Is he scared ? ku-ga-luk-pi '. ku-ga-luk-pa ! 1 97. Are yo scared ? ku-ga-liik-pi-se. 198. IIio'(tella— ). tciik-a-lu-ru'ii-a. Advt rbs. 199. Thouliest. 200. Holies. tcuk-a-lu-ru-tin. tcuk-a-lu-ru-a. 201. Ye lie. tciik-a-lu-ru-sc. 1. Not. pi'-djiik, pi'-crtk, pi-teo, pi l-la, 202. They lie. tcuk-a-lt'itu-ru-a, pi'la 203. When, hecause, he lied. tcu/k-a-lo-mut. 2 2. Up. pfm-ma. 204. I do not lie. tcuk-a-lo- wi' t-y fi fi-a. 3. Upwards. puii-ruiYii-ii. 205. I steal. tig-a-li'k-tmiii. 4. Down. su'rn-tna 200. Thou stealest. tig-a-li'k-tu-iin. 5. Downwards. suai-mu'n a, 207. He steals. tig-a-li'k-tu-ii. 6. Underneath. ta-su/m-mii. 208. Ye steal. tig-a-li'k-tu-se. 7. Yonder. Jta-ma (in sight), /rai'ii-a (ont of sight) . 209. Thev steal. tig-a-11'k-tu-iin. 210. I will not steal. tig-a-Hk-ni-ufi-Vk-tiiii-a, 8. Indoors. tat-ka-mii. 211. I go, a-) uk-tuk-tu' ft -a. 9. This way ! tamatiu-a-lu. 212. He soes. a-liik-tak-tri. 10. Thus. tai-ma-na. 213. I went, a-liik-ta-me-i una. 11. Here, in the house. ta-ina-nl ig-lu-ml. .:• , , ,_ 'Future subjunctive. 2 Past subjunctive. 60 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. VOCABULARY COLLECTED FROM THE ESKIMOS, #c— Continned. English. Eskimo. English. Eskimo. Interjections. Conjunctions. 1. Yes, here, take it, come (to a dog). 2. No. 3. Where's? 4. Come on ! 5. Get out ! Go on ! C. Stop! Stay! 7. Hark ! 8. Get on! 9. Come! 10. Encore! 11. Bless me! (surpriso, &c). . 12. Holloa ! 13. What? 14. Indeed, alas ! 15. Don't know ! 16. Don't know, perhaps ? 17. Make haste ! , 18. Oh! aii ! na-ga. nau, nau mi, nau I'm-na ? ke'-tai i 1 a-tai ! a-tai-ja. a-kun! a-ku-j;i. a-tu. ku! ku" tii'l-la" ki, ki! a'k-qla! kvvau ! ca! eii-a! nai't-mi. 3 ai-tcu. 4 a-ki-a! a-ka-n6. 4 kel-i'm-a ! a-na-na. 6 1. And, also (enclitic). 2. More, again (enclitic). 3. Thus, then, so. 4. Only. — lu, — lu ; — mi'g-lu, — mi'g-lu. — su-li. a-sl kI-si'm-5. Prepositions (enclitic.) 1. In, on, with. 2. To, for (motion, purpose.) — mi, -hi. 6 — mun, nun. 7 Intensivi, diminutive, die, terminations. 1. Big. 2. Very. 3. Little. 4. Bad. 5. Terminations of empha- C sis. ) — puk, — pun. 8 — pai-ya. 9 — pa-lu, — ka-lu. 10 — pi-lu. —go. 11 — a-mi. 11 1 Erench, "allons." 2 Driving and leading dogs. 3 With a negative idea frequently. 4 Exclamation of ignorance or possibility. 6 Cry of pain. 'Example, si-k6-mi, "on the ice." 'Example, ig-lu-mun, "to the house i" na-nu-rnun, "forbears. 1 "Example, u-im-ak-puk, "ship." Ku-puB, " Great river." 'Example, na-kur-pai-ya ! "It is very good." '"Caressing, example, " ki'm-mi-pa-lu ! " " Dear little puppy !" "One or both appended to a word for emphasis, "kapsin- goami?" "How many, pray? " " Amadraktungo," " Very many, indeed." IV. CATALOGUE OF ETHNOLOGICAL SPECIMENS COLLECTED BY THE POINT BARROW EXPEDITION. Prepared by JonN Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, V. S. Army. [Arranged according to the plan given in Prof. Otis T. Mason's "Ethnological Directions Relative to the Indian Tribes of the United States." The collection is in the United States National Maseum.] III.— CULTURE. (1) Food or aliment in general. 0. Narcotics. Tobacco (tan-wak, "U-bd"). — One specimen. Prepared for smoking — cut up and mixed with willow bark. Collectors' number. Museum number... 89803 E. Drugs, &c. Medicine. — One specimen. Apparently earth from the cemetery — administered internally.( Collectors' number. M"aseum number... 202 50723 (3) Vessels and other utensils oe household use. A. For holding and carrying icater^food,.&c. Meat bowl (pi't-tun-o). — Four specimens. Large round bowl, carved from one block. 408 73570 1321 89865 1322 | 1320 89804 | 89603 1 Wooden bucket (ku-tdu-a). — Three specimens. With ivory "ears" for attaching handle of wire, thong, &c. Used for water, &c. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers . . . 309 56703 370 1753 50704 89890 Bucket "ear." — One specimen. Made of ivory, for attaching the handle. Collectors' number. Museum number. . . 880 83448 Wooden tub (U-u-U'Jc-pim). — One specimen. Made of bent wood. Collectors' number Museum numher. . . 3735 89891 CI 62 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABKOW, ALASKA. B. For serving and eating food, &c. Stone vessel (nt-l-u zin). — Four specimens. Broken oblong vessels of soapstone, obsolete, and superseded by iron or tin pots, which are called by the same name. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers ... 680 8988G 1059 j 1C96 1097 89885 ! 89886 j 89883 Pottery. — Three specimens. Pieces of a pot said to be made of clay, feathers, and blood, and baked. Obsolete. Collectors' Dumber. Museum number.. - 1589 89697 c. Meat tray (i-li-M-a, im-o-si-a'ru). — Five specimens. Shallow tray, made of one piece of wood for carrying and holding food. Collectors' numbers ! 223 j 392 Museum numbers 73575 7357U 1323 I 1376 ! 1377 89867 I 89866 89868 WhalebOne cup. — Six specimens. Cups and dippers of various sizes, made by bending* a strip of whalebone round a wooden bottom. 1 1 Collectors' numbers 051 1199 Museum numbers , 56560- 89850 1 1300 1 1301 89851 ; 89852 1 1302 1303 89853 89S54 Ivory fork. — One specimen. Small and two-pronged. Collectors' number. Museum number... 325 56731 Stone maul, (kaii-tu). — Twenty eight specimens. Head, a cylinder of stone, generally massive pectolite ; when hafted, lashed to a wooden or bone handle with thong. Collectors' numbers - . . 83 56034 112 56651 118 56033 131 (?) 132 56667 161 56639 196 56637 Collectors' numbers ... Museum numbers 205 56058 200 50030 213 56653 217 56632 218 5G655 22 L 5665G 222 56631 Collectors' numbers ... 22 56030 243 50035 245 5G654 261 56629 809 89664 877 S9657 906 89654 Collectors' numbers 1003 89007 1103 89608 1126 S9065 1179 89669 1181 89656 1241 89655 1727 89666 Bone maul (Jcau-tu). — Five specimens. Head, oblong piece of hard bone, secured by lashings on the end of a short haft. Collectors' uumbors 1045 89848 1040 89847 1047 1 1048 ' 1049 89849 1 89846 ! 89845 Wooden spoon. — One specimen. Large spoon, or ladle, neatly carved from soft wood. Collectors' number. Museum number... 1352 89739 Bone dipper (Jcil-t-yu-tu). — Seven specimens. Ublong shallow dipper, or ladle, for water, &c. Collectors' uumbors 774] 934 Museum numbers I 89739 j 69413 I I 1013 89414 1070 I 1102 69415 I 89412 1294 1397 89111 69416 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. G3 Ivory dippers (i-mo-syu, M-lig-pti, kiltg-icu'g-a-ro). — Three specimens. Large dipper, with handle, made of erne piece of fossil ivory. One from each village, Nnwuk, Utkiavwifi, and Sidaru. Collectors' numbers. Museum numbers... 371 06535 933 89833 1259 69880 horn. Water dipper (im-o-syu). — Three specimens. Made of a single piece of mountain-sheep Collectors' numbers ! 28 Museum numbers ! 5'>534 1293 i 1577 £9831 89832 Pipe (ku-i'n-ya). — Eleven specimens. Wooden stem, with metal, bone, ivory, or stone howl, for smoking tobacco, sometimes mixed with willow bark. Collectors' numbers 10 50737 954 89285 '170 50G52 1129 89287 705 89288 1385 89284 834 89291 1582 89289 864 89290 1752 89292 1 915 I S928G \ 1 Collectors' numbers 1 Unfinsheu stone bowl. Pipe-case. — One specimen. Long pouch of white ermine skins for holding tobacco-pipe. Collectors' number. Museum number .. 55 50744 Tobacco-pouch. — Three specimens. Made of deer-skin trimmed with fur and worsted. 889 89S03 [ I 1341 1 1350 898U4 ' 89805 ! I Tobacco-box of antler. — One specimen. Carved into the shape of a sleeping reindeer. -! 50512 1. D. Ornamental and miscellaneous. Lamp {lc6-dlo). — Six specimens. Shallow dish of soapstone or sandstone, nearly half-moon shaped, for burning oil, with a wick of moss. Large for house use ; small for traveling. Collectors' numbers ' 133 872 | 1208 Museum numbers : 50673 i 89879 | 89SR4 1209 69881 1298 I 1731 89882 : 89880 Holder for lamp blubber-stick. — One specimen. Bade wooden effigy of a human head and body, made to fasten upon the wall over the lamp, with a hole in the middle, in which can bo stuck the pointed stick for holding the lump of blubber to feed the flame. 1 1 108 i 56492 ' 1 (4) Clothing. * A. Raw material. Hare-skins. — Five specimens. Native dressed skins — raw material for clothes. Collectors' uumbers Museum number 64 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 0. Suits of clothing. Toy clothes.— One specimen. Models of Eskimo garments. Collectors' number. Museum number. . . 907 Dolls. — Pour specimens. — Paces, heads, and whole men and women, made of wood and dressed. Collectors' numbers. Museum numbers. . . 1123 89724 1138 89727 1304 89728 1358 89726 D. Head clothing. Wooden mask (ki'-nau). — Fourteen specimens. Worn in ceremonial dances. Collectors' numbers. Museum numbers .. 6 56499 73 56498 235 56497 258 56496 702 89810 773 89809 856 89817 Collectors' numbers. Museum numbers . . 1037 89811 1050 89815 1056 89814 1057 £0819 1063 89812 1074 89813 1583 89816 Dancing cap (M'b-ru). — One specimen. Conical skin cap trimmed with rows of teeth of the mountain sheep. Worn in ceremonial dances. Collectors' number. Museum number . . . 863 89820 E. Body clothing. Man's jacket (a-U'-ge). — Three specimens. Hooded frock of fur, worn with the hair out (called "parka" in those parts of Alaska occupied by the Bussians). Specimens. Ermine skins Mountain- sheep skins . Deerskin Collectors' numbers. 11 87 184 Museum numbers. 56757 5675,3 56791 Man's cloak. — One specimen. "Circular" cloak of deer-skin, worn as an outside wrap. Collectors' number. Museum number. . . 94 56760 P. Arm clothing. Gloves (d-dri-gud-ri'ri). — Two specimens. Made of deer-skin — hair in. 128 56747 974 89829 Mittens (ai't-lctXt-i). — One specimen. Made of deer-skin. Collectors' number. Museum number. . . 973 89828 G. Leg and foot clothing. Man's fur boots (ku'm-inun). — Pour specimens. Boots reaching to the knee, made of some short-haired skin; hair out; soles of white-dressed seal-skin. 91 56759 110 56749 111 56750 770 89834 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAIIEOW, ALASKA. Toy boots — One specimen. Made of seal-skin, in miniature. 65 Collectors' Dumber. Museum uuinber. . . 1724 80555 Man's BREECHES (ka'Jc-a-hx). — One specimen. Knee breeches of fur, generally deer-skin ; worn fur out or in. Collectors' number. Museum number... 91 5C759 Woman's trousers (fm'm-mun). — One specimen. Tight-fitting trousers, ending in shoes with seal-skin soles; made of short-haired skin. Collectors' number. Museum number... 136 56748 H. Parts of dress. Eagles' feathers. — One specimen. Worn in bunches as ornaments to the fur jacket. Collectors' number. Museum number... 1150 89529 Belt-buckle. — One specimen. Oblong piece of ivory, perforated with a large hole. Collectors' number. Museum number. . . 1055 89718 Man's belt (tdp-si). — Two specimens. Neatly woven of feather-shafts, black and white, in a regular pattern, and bound with leather. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . . 1419 89544 1420 89543 Woman's belt (tdp-si). — One specimen. Made of pieces of skin of wolverines' toes, with claws, sewed together. Eashionable and highly prized. Collectors' number. Museum number. . . 1421 89542 • - (5) Personal adornments. A. SJtin ornamentation. Labret lancet — Two specimens. Little slate blade, shaped like a lance-head, for cutting the holes for the labrets ; sometimes put up in a little wooden case. 1153 8972 1 1200 89579 1 B. Head ornaments. Ear-rings (no-rjo-lo). — Two specimens. Ivory hooks to fit into the holes in the ears. Collectors' number- Museum numbers. . '1340 89386 89387 H. Ex. 44- 1 Two pairs. 66 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. Labrets (tii-tti). — Sixteen specimens. Stone, ivory, or bone studs, worn by men in the cor- ners of the mouth. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers '197 | 56716 866 89705 1169 89712 1031 89717 1187 89710 1042 89710 1207 89713 1142 89711 1210 89714 1163 89706 2 1215 ( 89707 < 89708 (89709 1166 89719 1713 1 1 1 Pair. 2 Three specimens. Labret plugs. — Two specimens. Small pings for enlarging and keeping open the labrct- holes when iirst made ; bone or ivory. Collectors' number . Museum number . - . '1211 89715 1 Two specimens. E. Ornaments of the limbs. Bracelets. — One specimen. Leather thong sewed into a ring and ornamented with a bead of soapstone. Collectors' number Museum number ... '1355 ' Pair. F. Toilet articles. Ivory hair-comb (id-lai-u-tm). — Ten specimens. Small, with a hole at the top for the fore- finger. 1 174 56568 '182 5C566 183 53567 '194 56569 210 56572 238 56576 1006 89785 1242 89385 . 1 Two specimens. O. Other personal ornaments. Amber beabs (aii-mu). One specimen. Made by natives. Collectors' number. Museum number. . . 1718 S<9700 , Dentalium shells (inVt-tu). — Five specimens. Used for ornaments. Collectors' number. Museum number... 1357 89530 (G) Implements of general use, of war anb the chase, anb of special crafts. (I) FOR GENERAL USE. Iron knife (sd-vlk). — Seven specimens. Straight knives, of various shapes and sizes, with wood, bone, or ivory hafts, used by the men. Collectors' numbers 810 Museum numbers 89295 901 89294 970 89296 1056 89821 1125 ! 1162 ! 1230 1 89297 89298 j 89293 ' ' 1 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEItOW, ALASKA. 67 Knife-blade.— Twenty-four specimens. Made of slate, ground, sometimes fastened by lash- ings to a wooden haft. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers . . Collectors' numbers Museum numbers .. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers.. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers.. 1C8 50693 220 56712 228 56684 36/ 56719 770 89601 874 89694 984 89590 1002 89592 1009 89603 1011 89581 1016 89584 1035 89G09 1052 89597 1053 89594 1054 89589 ioeo 89593 1061 S9597 1107 89591 1108 89588 1180 89582 1305 89583 1587 89587 1710 89585 1714 89G0S Whalebone-bladed knife. — One specimen. Ancient knife, made of a hit of antler, with a deep groove cut in it, into which a piece of whalebone is let for a blade, said to have been used for cutting fat. Collectors' number. Museum number. . . 1422 89477 Curved knife (sav-i-xr6n, ma'd-Uii). — Thirty specimens. Short curved steel or stone blade in bone or ivory handle — long, for working on wood (mi'd-lhl); short, for working on ivory, &c. (savixron). . Collectors' numbers j 145 Museum numbers j 56016 152 56618 Collectors' numbers I 882 Museum numbers I 89276 Collectors' numbers Museum numbers . 1062 89580 289 .-.055 1 883 80279 1076 89281 Collectors' numbers ! 1196 j 1198 Museum numbers ' 89633 j 89273 Collectors' numbers ! 1235 Museum numbers ! 89040 1248 S90.8 787 89278 j 907 j 89283 I 1083 j 89271 1212 89636 1251 89034 818 88274 982 89282 1159 89272 1218 89242 1255 89613 827 89632 1001 iZ S9780 1172 89277 1231 89035 1256 89041 802 89280 1061 89586 1183 1234 89639 1297 89644 Whalebone knife (sd-vi-xu). — Ten specimens. Like a little spokeshave, blade of steel or stone, handle of bone or ivory, used for scraping whalebone. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers . . Collectors' numbers Museum numbers .. 885 S930S 1225 89652 89305 1226 89647 1077 1213 89307 S9G49 1236 89648 1237 89615 1219 89650 1238 89040 ■Whalebone-scraper. bone, without a handle. -One specimen. Small oblong flint chipping, used for scraping wlinl Collectors' number. Museum number. . . 1170 89616 Woman's knife (u-hi-ra). — Twenty-six specimens. Half-moon-shaped blade, of iron, flint, or slate, rarely jade, mounted like a ehopping-knife, in a handle of wood, bone, or ivory; used by the women for cutting everything. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers . Collectors' numbers Museum numbers. - Collectors' numbers Museum numbers . Collectors.! numbers Museum numbers.. 12 56690 14 50646 129 56600 191 56672 '871 89693 886 89684 894 89681 957 89687 958 89682 971 S9679 985 89689 1057 89383 1078 89677 1093 89674 1094 89688 1106 89680 1121 89683 1122 S9686 1170 89675 1178 89692 1291 89384 1311 89690 1300 89691 1584 89678 1585 1586 89676 i Handle. 63 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA, Adze' (ud-U-mau). — Eighteen specimens. Head, made of iron (sometimes a hatchet-head), bono with an iron or stoue blade let io. When hafted, lashed with thong to a short handle. 244 50642 709 89839 964 89874 260 56640 785 89872 972 89873 286 73573 808 89870 1072 89653 309 56638 869 89871 1109 89838 696 89876 878 89869 1295 89651 752 89877 895 89878 1317 89810 Collectors' numbers Collectors 1 numbers Stone adze-blade green, partially ground. 'ud-U-mau). — Twenty-three specimens. Made of jadeite, black or dark Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . . . Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . - . Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . . . Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . . . 69 50675 214 50628 251 56670 1155 89661 70 56678 215 5C667 261 56696 1184 89660 71 50685 219 50609 792 89059 1362 89671 125 56664 246 5G670 900 89602 1363 89072 130 56666 247 56688 931 89603 1423 89673 185 248 56074 1092 8CG70 Bone adze-handle. — One specimen. Collectors' number- Museum number. . . 3 56641 Chisel (MFi-mi-sd). — Nine specimens. on antler. Short square blade wedged in ivory handle for working Collectors' numbers Museum numbers. .. Collectors' numbers. Museum numbers. .. 884 89302 1115 89303 1000 89301 1257 89637 1028 89300 1290 89653 1039 89299 1292 89308 1040 89304 Saw (u-lu-a'Tc-turi). — One specimen. Made by filing teeth on the edge of a common case-knife. Collectors' number. Museum number... 15 5G559 Bone saw (u-lu-a'lc-tun).— One specimen. Made of a reindeer's scapula (Ici'asia). Newly made on the ancient pattern. Collectors' number . Museum number . . . 1200 89470 Hammer. — One specimen. An oblong green pebble (kau'-d'lo) has been used as a hammer without a handle. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 274 56661 Flint hand-drill (i'-taun, i-tug-cl-sail). — Four specimens. Long chipped flint mounted in a wooden shaft, for boring out whale-harpoon heads. Collectors' numbers 870 89020 912 89628 937 89627 1068 89630 i Museum numbers EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 69 Bow-drill (ni-fflJc-ttm).— Fifteen specimens. Drill of steel or bone, mounted in a wooden shaft. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers 819 89497 968 89499 '836 C 89501 < 89493 ( 89194 2 1004a < 89779 I 89778 853 { 8949C 1174 | 8951G 875 89495 1182 89520 950 89498 1258 89519 960 89G29 3 1217 89625 Collectors' numbers 1 Three specimens. 2 Tv.'o specimens. s "Without shaft. Drill-bow (pi-zVk-su-a).— Sixteen specimens. Flat bow of ivory or bone, often carved or engraved, with a string of rawhide. Collectors' numbers. Museum numbers . . . Collectors' numbers. Museum numbers . .. 72 298 '836 '861 914 920 56518 56500 f 89512 89514 89513 89515 I 89509 89516 941 950 '901 ioo4d 1260 '1732 89517 89508 \ 89510 89511 I 89777 89421 ! f 89422 ayiil \\ 89425 1 1 Two specimens. Drill-mouthpiece (M'n-mi-a).— Seven specimens. Made of wood, to be held in the teeth with a socket of stone or metal let into it for the drill to work in. Collectors' numbers 800 69500 870 89504 f91 89503 892 89505 908 89507 956 8950G 1001c 89787 Sheath for drill. — One specimen. Ivory scabbard with a loop on one side for fastening it by a thong to the handle of the drill. Collectors' number Museum number... 1112 89447 Drill-cord handles.— One specimen. Small bones, used for handles to the drill-cord instead of a bow. Collectors' number Museum number. . . 1022 73571 Whetstone (i'-pik-saun). — Ten specimens. Slender tapering rod of jadeite. Collector's numbers . Museum number 186 229 393 757 801 !837 865 951 1262 56682 56663 56602 89621 89G18 5" 89019 I 89624 I 89620 89022 89617 J Two specimens. Small whetstone. — Two specimens. Small oblong bit of stone (slate). '1004/ 89786 Three specimens. 1 Two specimens. Broken. U728 73572 1 Three, specimens. Marlinspike (?) . — One specimu.e Slender rod of hard bone, with a point like a graver Perhaps a marlinspike for working lashings. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 1282 89459 70 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Tool-box. — Six specimens. Long narrow box hollowed ovtt of a single block, with cover fastened on by studs and strings. Collectors' numbers 1 1144 Museum numbers 89858 1151 89SC1 1152 1 1318 898C0 89859 1319 S9858 1593 89862 Tool-bag (t'k-citg'-bwvii). — Four specimens. Made of wolverine-skin or the heads of wolves and foxes, with an ivory handle [nix-o-mi'-a-btci). Collectors' numbers . 1004 ' 1018 1118 89796 1309 89795 Museum numbers j 89776 1 89794 1 Bucket or bag handle (nix-o-mi'-a-bioi). — Three specimens. Arched bar of antler or ivory for carrying bucket or bag. 43 5C513 996 89423 1111 89420 specimen. Made of leather. 1075 89798 Bag (i-pi-d-ru). — One specimen. Made of a bear's stomach. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 1329 89799 (2.) WEAPONS OE WAR AND THE CHASE. A. Striking. Hand-club (tl'g-a-lun). — One specimen. Short blunt-pointed piece of bone .'held in clenched hand for striking a blow. i 1310 i ftiMn*? Slungshot (tu'b-lu-Jmn). — One specimen. Lamp of bone, with a loop of thong through it. Weapon (!). Collectors' number. Museum number . . 905 : 89472 B. Tli row i uf/ iv capons. Handboard. — Three specimens. Narrow grooved board with hole for forefinger, for throwing javelins. 528 1325 S9906 1320 S92-J4 89902 Knob of bird-sling (M-lau-i-taii-tm). — Five specimens. Oval or round knobs of ivory or deer's ankle bones, to be tied together with strings and make a "bolas'" for catching ducks. ! 1'51 'KM 2 S9491 •1.".18 sntoo ■ 'Two specimens. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAIJEOW, ALASKA, 71 D. Thrusting. WHALE lance. — One specimen. Long shaft and large Hint Lead. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 537 56765 Beak lance (pu'n-nu). — One specimen. Stout lance, larger than deer lance (Jcu'-pun), with ctipped flint head. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 1230 89895 Deer spear (M'p-un).— Six specimens. Spear about (J feet long, with metal or stone head for stabbing deer from the kaiak. 524 73183 525 89247 { '1157 89898 89S99 '1324 89896 89897 1 Two specimens. Head of whale lance (Ml-u-i'-a).— Eleven specimens. Chipped black flint, used for kill- in"' whales. Collectors' numbers Collector*' numbers 5 56C81 M032 S9596 49 56667 1034 89597 209 56095 239 56679 1069 89600 394 56680 1361 89598 913 56597 1373 89599 ■ 1 1 And part of shaft. Polished stone lance-head (i's-hl-nu). — One specimen. Beautiful head of polished jade for a deer lance. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 1154 89610 Stone lance-head (dn-ma). — Seven specimens. Chipped flint, of two sizes, for deer and bear lances. Collectors' numbers. Museum numbers . . '114 56708 648 5S711 1034 89611 1 Fire specimens. Bronze lance-head (M'p-un). — Two specimens. For deer lance. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 166 56699 Bird trident (nu-ya'k-pai). — Nine specimens. Light wooden shaft, with one, two, or three ivory prongs on the end, and usually three in the middle, darted at ducks, &c, with a hand board. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers 63 72794 H06 56587 526 89242 527 72830 529 1 530 72832 1 89243 2 793 89380 1325 89244 1326 89905 1 Prongs only. 2 Fragment of 1 ead. Spear-head (nu-yd'k-puk, nut-kail).— Nine specimens. Long, barbed, ivory point for bird or fish javelin. Collectors' numbers 13 50588 35 56589 103 56586 107 56591 122 56590 284 5C592 948 89373 1041 89375 1281 89374 72 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. "Whale habpoon [dj-yun). — One specimen. Eeduced model (size of a walrus harpoon) of a whale harpoon, complete, with pole, head, and short line for attaching floats. Made for sale. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 1023 89309 Walbus habpoon, complete (il-naJc-pitlc). — Six specimens. Heavy harpoon, with short " loose-shaft" and detachable "toggle-head," for harpooning walrus from the boat. 531 5G7C7 532 533 5G768 58769 534 56770 535 56771 536 56772 Thbowingspeab (nau-li-gu). — Two specimens. — Long shaft, with ivory ice-pick on one end and heavy knob on the other, fitted with a short "loose-shaft," head and line, for securing seals which have been shot in the water. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers . . . 1058 ! 1G93 89908 ! 89907 Seal speab {u-nu). — Two specimens. For stabbing seals at their breathing-holes. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . . . 1 I 1694 72833 89910 Seal daets and thbowing-boabd (M-M-gtl). — Three specimens. Light ivory-headed darts, head detachable, and attached to shaft by short line so that shaft acts as a float. In sets of three, with a grooved hand-board for throwing them. 60 f 72792 \ '89235 322 89248 72793 523 ( 72790 < 89249 ( '89233 Museum numbers ' Board. Fobe-shaft of WHALE habpoon. — One specimen. Ivory, for connecting head with pole. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 97 56537 J ' Habpoon fobe-shaft (tilcu-mdi-hi-ta). — Two specimens. Bone or ivory cap for end of pcle, with socket for "loose-shaft." 1 1 98 '105 I 56538 56516 1 1 1 ' For seal spear. "Loose-shaft" of seal speab (i'-gi-mu).— One specimen. Bone. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 802 S9489 Narwhal ivoby seal-spear shaft. — Three specimens. Three long "loose-shafts" {i'-gi-mu) for the stabbing seal spear (il-nu), made of twisted narwhal ivory. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 93 73577 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW. ALASKA. 73 Head of whale harpoon (M-a-drwn) — Eleven specimens. Detachable head, with barb of ivory, and blade of metal, slate, or chipped flint. Collectors' numbers. Museum numbers .. Collectors' numbers. Musenm numbers . . 137 50601 92S 89748 157 56602 '867 ( 89751 I 89752 (89755 969 3993 89744 89754 { 89753 •"1014 C 89745 \ 89747 927 S974G 1065 89749 ' Tbree barbs only. - One barb. 1 Barb. '■ IVo specimens. Walrus-harpoon head (tu-lat). — Forty-four specimens. Detachable harpoon head, made of ivory and iron or brass, like seal harpoon but larger. Collectors' numbers. . . 53 '123 2 192 193 199 2 2U 283 Museum numbers 56613 5CG1C 5G517 56023 56020 50018 50621 Collectors' numbers. . . 2 S73 f 89771 89774 '940 1 943 "947 103S 1149 Museum numbers 1 897S8 ) 89789 | 89791 I 89793 1 89760 f 89769 j 89790 ( 89750 } 89759 \ 89750 89770 'Ten specimens. 2 Two specimens. 3 Nine specimens. 4 Four specimens. Seal-spear head (nau-Jn). — Six specimens. Detachable harpoon head, made of ivory and steel. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . .. 39 56014 56611 '216 56012 1008 89784 1 Two specimens. Ivory seal-harpoon head (a'lc-qli- gulc). —Six specimens. Detachable barbed harpoon head, ■wholly of ivory or bone. Ancient. 1 1 i 1 Collectors' numbers 760 766 ! 795 j 932 Museum numbers 89372 1 S9377 ! 89379! 89381 1 1 i 1261 89378 1383 89382 Harpoon blades. — Twenty-five specimens. Triangular blades of ground slate, jadeite, or brass to be wedged into ivory barb. Different sizes for whales, &c. '139 50709 316 56718 '141 50089 775 89607 2 144 | 2 169 56706 ! 56098 '981 | 2 995 89730 ' $ S%0i njiau j ^ S9605 1 2 188 56097 1418 j 89023 265 56722 1729 89006 Museum number 1 Four specimens. 2 Two specimens. Brass harpoon blade. — Two specimens. Triangular blade of brass for wedging into ivory barb. Collectors' number. Museum number .- '1146 89740 1 Two unfinished. Box for harpoon blades (ud-lun). — Twelve specimens. Wooden bos, with cover attached by strings, for holding spare slate blades for harpoons. Made in shape of whale, walrus, or large seal. Collectors' number i 124 1 127 '138 Museum number I 56503 56489 50505 Collectors' number I 777 ] 859 Museum number I 89720 89731 860 89732 142 56501 981 89730 189 198 56500 56502 1101 89733 H. Ex. 44- -10 1 Two specimens. 74 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Bone dagger. — Six specimens. Made of split leg-bone of a bear. Ancient. Said to Lave been a weapon. Collectors' numbers 767 89484 965 89485 988 89475 1141 I 1175 89480 89481 1709 89482 E. Projectile iceapons. Bow (pi-zi'le-sl) AND ARROWS (kiC'Jc-a-ru). — Fifty-five specimens. Bow of spruce reinforced with sinew. Arrows, shafts of (generally) soft wood; heads of iron, flint, bone, -or ivory, sharp pointed for killing large game, blunt for birds. ; Collect ors'nnmbws .. '25 f "89245 | '89238 1 "892 H -68 374 »119 5162 3 1C3 "164 I *105 i 6 23i : '241 '786 I "72754 1 | Museum numbers ! "72755 S "72757 C 89236 ( 89240 72768 f 89239 > 89241 ( 89238 \ 89241 89236 \ 89237 1 ( 72760 72763 t { 72764 C 72771 \ 72787 C 89236 \ 72770 89904 "72758 =72760 "72765 j [ "72767 ■ 1 Bow and twelve arrows. 4 T wo airows. 1 Bow and two arrows. 2 Three arrows. s Nine arrows. * Bow. 3 One aiTow. c Bow and sixteen arrows. "Arrows. Stone arrow-head (ku-Tcin). — Twenty-four specimens. Chipped flint and jasper of various colors and patterns, some ancient and some newly made for trade; used for bears or any dangerous game. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers 26 62 ' '64 50686 ! 56694 j 5C691 ? 67 56717 U13 | 143 5C702 > 56692 230 I 232 ! 3 240 «2CG :i ,-<17 ; 56761 56762 1 Five specimens. "Tliree specimens. 8 Two specimens. Bone arrow-head (nu't-Mu). — Three specimens. Detachable head for deer-arrow, 1147 89376 1263 Museum numbers 56599 89460 | Quiver and bow-case {pi si'k-si-sax). — One specimen. Made of black-dressed sealskin; sometimes together, sometimes separate. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers ... 25 89245 234 72788 Quiver rod. — One specimen. Rod of wood or antler, sometimes carved; fastened into the .quiver or bow-case to keep it stiff after the bow or arrows are withdrawn. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 231 56505 "Braces" (mii/n-fjfd-zhl). — Three specimens. Small curved oval disks of bone or horn, with holes for strapping on the left forearm or wrist to protect it from being hurt by the string in shooting the bow. 1 >12gi j 1 1 13M 89550 1 Two specimens. .EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 75 (3) IMPLEMENTS OF SPECIAL USE. A. Flint and other stone-working. Elint-flaker (7>-?7/-?u).— Nine specimens. Short rod of metal, bone or stone, in ivory handle, for chipping- flints. 56551 794 89200 1C04« 89265 796 89263 1216 897S2 '979 89265 1223 89262 1001 89264 '1380 89259 'Handle. B. Fire-making and utilizing. Eire-drill (ni-o-o-ttn). — One specimen. A stick like a drill-shaft, made to revolve on the flat surface of a cleft soft wood stick, by means of a thong'. A deer's ankle-bone held in the teeth serves to steady the drill. Newly made, but of the pattern with which 'fire used to be obtained. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 1080 Willow catkins (kim-mi-n-rn). — Two specimens. Used for tinder. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers.. 1133 89825 1722- 1 89825 ! Willow-twigs (ie'le-pile). — One specimen. Used for kindlings. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 1725 89824 C. Bow- and arrow-making. Sinew tools. — Two specimens. Flat ivory pins for working the sinew reinforcements on a bow. Collectors' number. Museum number .. '1021 89466 1 Two specimens. Arrow-tool (Vg-u-gwau). — One specimen. Slender, flat rod of ivory, with wedge-point, for fixing feathers on arrows. Collectors' number. Museum number .. 1285 89486 D. Fishing implements other than weapons. Fish-hook (ial-qhul). — Seven specimens. Oblong, narrow, flat piece of ivory, with a metal hook (either a regular barbed white man's fish-hook, or a barbless hook of iron or copper, native made) at broader end; used for catching burbot in rivers. Collectors' numbers ... 02 149 I 107 7C4 j 780 Museum numbers 56594 1 56594 1 56594; 89553 89050 841 89552 887 89549 Small fish-hooks (ni'lc-shi). — Thirteen specimens. Small piece of ivory, generally discolored, with a barbless hook, forming a rough imitation of a shrimp or minnow; sometimes inlaid with beads. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers ... U50 56705 »153 56009 158 i 2 160 950 ■■ 1007 56700 ! 56010 89554 S9783 1 Three specimens. 2 Four specimens. 76 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Fish "jiggers" (nl'k-sin). — Two specimens. Little pear-shaped piece of white ivory, with fonr barbless, generally copper, hooks at large end, for "jigging" polar cod without bait. Collectors' number. Museum number... 154 50607 Fish-line complete. — Ten specimens. Lines of whalebone strips, knotted together, of dif- ferent lengths, provided with hooks and jigs of different sorts, for large or small fish. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . . . Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers ... 33 50543 156 57 56608 187 5G544 151 '040 C 83545 i E8546 155 5G701 2 1733 C 87547 \ S9548 1 Two specimens, baited. ■ Two specimens. Hair-line (a'k-qlu-nd). — One specimen. Long fish-line of braided human hair. Collectors' number. Museum number. . . 410 5C545 Flipper "toggles" (M'g-o-tm). — Tavo specimens. Two ivory whales, perforated so as to be fastened together by a stout thong. Said to be buttoned through holes in a whale's flippers to keep them in place while towing. Collectors' numbers. Museum numbers . . . 227 | 407 50580 i 50598 Ivory sinker (Ma-M-ca). — Five specimens. For burbot-lines. 1 i ' 149 2^0 1 887 1 Museum numbers 1 56594 50594 5G577 ! 89549 1 1 1 Two specimens. Net-sinker. — One specimen. An ancient black stone a 56739 Snowshovel, bone (pi'hsun). — One specimen. Made of a whale's scapula, painted and soiled to look old. Collectors' number Museum number. . . 1250 89775 Ice-pick (tu-u). — One specimen. Bayonet-shaped blade of bone or ivory, to be attached to seal harpoon or to a pole. Collectors' number Museum number. .. 1313 49483 Ioe-dkill (Ixiik-ai-ya-xi-on). — One specimen. Of antler, to be mounted on a long pole. Collectors' number Museum number. . . 1064 .-9479 Ice-scoop. — One specimen. Made of antler netted with whalebone mounted on long pole, for dipping up fragments of ice in cutting a hole. Collectors' number Museum number 1696 S9903 K. Procuring and manufacturing food. Slate whale-spade [u-ynm-i-gd).— Two specimens. Broad blade of slate, to be attached to bone haft, which is fastened to a long pole, for "cutting in" a whale. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . . . 393 1081 89602 89631 Fish-scalee. — One specimen. Little ivory knife. Collectors' number- Museum number — 1279 S9401 Slate blubber-knife. — One specimen. Long, broad blade, double-edged. Collectors' number Museum number... 204 56670 80 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. Blubber-hook (ni'lcsi-gu). — Three specimens. Wooden handle with bone or ivory barb at end, for pulling around pieces of blubber, &c, long-handled to use from a boat in "cutting in" a ■whale, and short-handled to use in the storehouses ashore. 126 567G0 1203 89836 1353 89837 N. Making and working fiber. Netting-needle (i'n-mn-vwing). — Twelve specimens. Of ivory or autler. Different sizes, for making fish and seal nets. » Collectors' numbers la 56575 942 89433 _ 8 5G573 ! 939 (, 89426 ) 89432 24 56574 1283 1 89127 42 56571 1286 89430 101 5G670 1333 S9429 102 56581 1381 89428 Collectors' numbers Museum numbers 1 Two specimens. Mesh-stick (leu-brm). — Five specimens. Of ivory or antler. Various sizes, for fish or seal nets. Collectors' numbers 102 | 942 Museum numbers 56581 i 89437 983 1019 1284 89439 ! 83435 ! S913G 1 Netting-weights (nep-i-taii-ra). — Eleven specimens. Little ivory fish hung on to meshes of net to make it hang properly while netting. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . . - '202 56597 ] 207 I '778 '899 [89443 89440 89445 ! 89441 5G30C '854 1020 89442 I ? on( .,. 89444! I 80446 1 Pair. Sinew shuttle. — One specimen. Short shuttle of bone or ivory for twisting and holding sinew-thread. Collectors' number . Museum number... 1332 89431 Weaving-tools. — One specimen. Bone shuttle, spatula, and mesh-stick for weaving feather belts. Collectors' number . Museum numbers... 1338 ! 89434 ' 89438 89462 ! Bone-needles {ml'lc-snn). — Fifty-one specimens. Made of reindeer's fibula (a-mi'l-ya-run). Obsolete. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers j Collectors' numbers Museum numbers 1 Museum numbers 1 ■1191 89389 s 1205 89398 "1228 89401 1195 89392 -1214 89399 1239 89301 1201 89309 31220 89400 5 1240 89394 1202 89391 1221 89390 6 1245 89395 -1204 89397 1222 89360 f 1246 89396 1 Two specimens. 4 Five specimens. 2 Three specimens. c Six specimens. 3 Four specimens. "Thirteen specimens. 'Seven specimens. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 81 Needle-case (n-yami).— Thirteen specimens. Hollow cylinder of ivory or bone, with a strip of raw-hide in which the needles are stuck, run through it, and held by an ivory kuob at the end. Fastened to the belt by an ivory hook. Collectors' numbers . Musinra numbers ... Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . . . 7 5G575 1222 89300 1033 1089 89370 i 89308 1105 1137 1201 89303 I 89366 S93G9 1239 I 1243 127G I 1277 | 1339 89361 89301 89371 I 8'..'::C5 ■ I-.03G7 Thimble (ti'kM(l). — Ten specimens. Of three patterns, viz: a simple rather broad band of walrus-hide sewed into a ring to fit the tip of the finger; a ring and lappet cut out of one piece of sealskin ; and a ring of antler with a broad piece on one side. Collectors' numbers 1191 89389 '1194 89393 1195 89392 1202 89391 1240 89391 =1245 89395 1246 89390 1 Three specimens. 2 Two specimens. THREAD-CASE. — Nine specimens. Tube of antler with wooden ends for holding thread, &c, Eometimes engraved with pictures or patterns. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers Collectors' numbers Museum numbers 41 56615 1158 89407 47 5C60G 1335 89405 59 £6605 1359 89402 1128 89404 1.371 8940S 1136 89406 Ivory box. — Three specimens. Used for holding beads, needles, and trinkets. Collectors' numbers. Museum numbers . . 37 56383 1372 1423 89109 89403 Wicker-box (i-jn-d-t u).— Four specimens. Little round basket of woven osier, with bag-top of black-dressed seal-skin (yiiJea'lxqltn) and a draw-string, for holding tobacco or trinkets. Collectors' numbers 88 56564 135 56565 1366 89801 1427 89802 (7) Means -of locomotion and transportation. A. Traveling by water . Canoe and taddle (l-ai'-alc). — One specimen. Full-sized single canoe and doublc-bladed paddle. Collectors' number . Museum numbers . 539 (, '89246 } 257773 1 Paddle. - Canoe. Model canoe (kai'-aJc). — One specimen. Small model of man's single canoe with paddle* Collectors' number Museum number... 2"4 5056! Model skin boat (u-mi'-a(7c). — One specimen. Small model of the large traveling and whaling boat, with paddles. Collectors' number Museum number... 2.5 5G5G3 XI. Ex. 44 11 82 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. Bowlock foe umiak. — One specimen. Along straight piece of antler lashed on the gun- wale of tbe boat. The oar plays on it in a loop of thong. Collectors' number Museum number... 1197 8i)506 Bailing dipper fob umiak {sd-nai-unf). — Two specimens. Long, slender, curved dipper of ivory or antler. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . . . 40 56536 1010 Crotch for "whaling harpoon (leu'n-nd). — Five specimens. Made of ivory or walrus lower jaw ? in shape of a large row-lock, usually carved and engraved. Fastened in tbe bow of tbe whal- ing umiak to rest the harpoon in. 116 56511 117 56510 926 S9419 1104 89417 | 1224 89418 | D. Land conveyances and other means of locomotion. Meat-sled. — One specimen. Little flat sled of wood, witb ivory runners, for dragging pro- visions. Collectors' number. Museum number. . 1140 Whalebone sled. — One specimen. Little sled made of strips of whalebone placed side by side lengthwise, and sewed together with whalebone withes. 1 1 772 1 • i K9K75 ■ C. Traveling on foot. Snowshoes (tiuf-lu). — Three specimens. Wooden frame netted with raw hide. Collectors' numbers. Museum numbers . . 1736 , 1737 i i:::8 89912 89913 ! 89914 (10) Games and pastimes. A. Gambling implements. Playing-sticks (lea-pu-ta). — Nine specimens. Two ivory pegs and a bundle of ivory sticks for playing a game. >249 56521 2842 894G4 -962 5G532 891U.-> 'Two sticks. s Two sticks and peg. 3 Four sticks. Ivory carvings. — Twenty five specimens. Twenty-five little ivory earrings, representing a fox and twenty-four geese, made by the Asiatic Eskimos ("Tnski," "Sedentary Chukehesf) of Plover Bay, Eastern Siberia. Said to be a game. like "jack-straws." Collectors' number. Museum number .. 21 56531 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 83 B. Games and pastimes. Wooden gorget (su'lc-i-mitn). — Three specimens. Half-moon shaped piece of flat board, ser- rated on the curved edge, and painted with figures of men, whales, &c. Suspended round the neck with strings in ceremonial dances. Collectors' numbers ' 2G5 85.3 1132 Museum numbers j 50403 89817] S9S18 Mounted fox-skin. — One specimen. Skin of an Arctic fox stuffed and mounted on a- board, with a whalebone spring in him, and worked by strings so that he darts his head at a bunch of fur made to represent a lemming; and made, by means of strings, to run in and out of two holes in the board. For theatrical performances. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 1378 Sfisu:: 0. Sports and toys for children. "Snapper" (mt-t/ Collectors' number. Museum number . . 1280 89595 Model wpiale harpoon (a'j-yuu). — One specimen. Small model made of wood and ivory of a complete whaling harpoon, rigged, with line and two floats, or "pokes" (a'-po-tu'lcpun). Collectors' number. Museum number .. 233 56562 Toy seear (u-na-ra?). — One specimen. Miniature model of seal-harpoon, made of wood and ivory. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 1082 89551 (11) Music. A. Instruments for beating. Detjm (ke'l-yau). — Four specimens. A large hoop of wood, with a short ivory handle, and parchment (walrus intestine) stretched over it. Held by handle in left hand and struck on rim with a stick held in right hand. 514- 1 56742 1 Deem handle. — Seven specimens. Carved from walrus ivory. Collectors' numbers. . . 65 Museum numbers 56514 76 56515 784 881 89266 89270 ' 898 89267 911 89268 975 S9269 | ! (12) Art. A. Art materials. Fossil ivory (kU-i'gwci). — One specimen. Section of a large tusk from interior. Collectors' number. Museum number . . 1779 89892 B. Worlcs of art. Ivory carvings. — Thirty-seven specimens. Small images, human figures, seals. &c. Works of art or amulets. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers. .. 78 5651 9 Collectors' numbers : 220 Museum numbers 56530 Collectors' numbers Museum numbers ; '990 8934G< 89347J Collectors' numbers j 1084 Museum numbers 89723 Collectors' mimbors 1113 Museum numbers ; 89451 85 565^0 254 56529 92 120 56524 56522 444 756 56732 89720 991 S92 89327 ! 89341 994 S9332 1085 89351 1080 ; 1098 S932G ' 89338 1124 1273 | 1274 89343 89345 ; 89337 ] 140 56584 953 89340 '173 56582 980 89349 999 1 1024 201 989 89342 1067 S|||| 89334 1099 89339 1384 89333 1100 ! 1101 89352 ' 89329 'Two specimens. [vory buttons. — Two specimens. Carved in shape of "bowhead" whale. Collectors' number. Museum number .. '66 50619 1 Two specimens. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 85 Ivory carvings.— Four specimens. Walrus teeth carved into human faces, seal and bear heads, £ic. '52 56523 '50 5G528 1 Two specimens. Crucifix (1). — Two specimens. Slender crux ansata of ivory surmounted by a human head of soapstonc or bone, neatly secured by lashings. Made for sale, probably a mere "curio," perhaps suggested by a crucifix which the maker may have seen. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . . . 1012 89741 1091 89742 Engravings on ivory.— Six specimens. Pieces of fiat walrus ivory. oM shovel edges, &c, on which are scratched various pictures, hunting records, &c, colored with soot or red ochre. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers... 99 r.o.jiii) 121 890 | 1026 ' 1334 : 1319 56517 ! 89424 i 89437 89474 | 89473 Bone carvings (saii-na=bone). — Eleven specimens. Small images, seals, human figures, &c. Works of art or amulets. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers ... 75 | 997 50579 89471 1025 S9353 Collectors' numbers : 1160 j 1167 1272 Museum numbers i 89325: 89328 1 89344 1066 1127 89449 89348 1275 : 1369 89335 89'J36 1143 89331 Wooden whales, &c. — Five specimens. Seals, whales, and walruses carved in soft wood. Old and probably for good luck. Collectors' numbers . Museum numbers . .. 1857 89736? 89737 ( 89734 1036 89735 1299 89524 'Two specimens. Wooden images. — Six specimens. Men or women, more or less roughly whittled out of wood. Work of art or toys. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers '203 5G495 655 56490 1185 : 1192 | 1193 89725 1 89726 ! S9727 ! ! 1 Two specimens. Gypsum carvings. — Three specimens. Man, beluga, and bear. Made for sale. Collectors' numbers Museum numbers-.. 1014 89575 1015 89573 1027 89574 SoArsiONE carvings. — Seventeen specimens. Little images, men, beasts, and monsters, carved in soapstone (tu-neX'k-tu). Collectors' numbers Museum numbers 904 89567 966 89576 986 89563 1095 89569 1108 89568 Collectors' numbers Museum numbers 5 | * '1116 89571 89572 '1188 89559? 895603 1252 89566 1251 89561 1266 89538 i Collectors' numbers Museum numbers 1267 89557 12C8 89562 1269 89564 1270 89565 1271 89570 ' Two s pecimens. 86 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEQW, ALASKA. Beau's jaws. — One specimen. Mounted in seal-skin for sale by a native taxidermist. Collectors' number 1130 Museum number ' S9823 Fresh-watee sculi'in.— Oiio specimen. Carefully put up dry in a little wooden case by a native and brought in for .sale. i | Collectors number 1145 : Museum number i 8953G (17.) EELIGIOjST. Stone amulets. — Seven specimens. Flint, jasper, crystal, or thick glass, flaked into a rudo image of a whale or bear. Collectors' numbers 01 1.39 20S 771 9::9 10J1 1247 Museum numbers 5CG83 50707 5G713 S9013 89577 £9578 ' S9533 Ohaiims. — Thirteen specimens. Dried birds, bits of antler, fawns' feet, bits of earth, pebbles, feathers, teeth, &c, worn or carried in the boat, &c, for good luck, each generally with some specific purpose. Collectors' numbers ' 050 779, 1110 IMS 1173 1244 130G Museum numbers 50547 89099 69743 89452 89522 S9535 89534 Collectors' numbers 1307 130S I 1314 | 1327 1328 1580 Museum numbers '. 89532 S9525 89523 5foSai 89 J- G ' ?0C9S "Ice-medicine." — One specimen'. Indurated sand, probably from some special (sacred?) place. Small particles thrown, with ceremony, from the village bank will make the ice go away. Collectors' number , 273 Museum number 50725 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 87 ALPHABET. a, as iu far, farther; Gin, lidben; Sp. ramo. a, nearly as in what, not; Gm. man : as oi in Fr. loi. a, as in 7tat, ntan. «, as ia 7r»r, «77, lord; Fr. or. <7i, as in di'sZe, as i \\\ pine, find; Gm. Hain. dl, as oi in fro/7, soil; Sp. oyendo, coyote. an, as o« in out, as oir iu 7ioic; Gm. Hans; Sp. auto. 0, as in blab; Gin. beben; Fr. 6e77e; Sp. &o/ar. c, as sh in shall; Gm. sclicllen; Fr. charmer. c, as 77i in 77wh, forth. ((i, as 77t in tfien, though. (I, as in dread; Gm. das; Fr. r7e ; Sp. d!ec7o. e, as in *7ie#; Gm. Dchnung; Fr. c7e; Sp. gue'. e, as iu 77ie»; Gm. c7chh; Fr. sienne; Sp. comen. f, nam fife; Gm.Fcuer; Fr. /cm; Sp. /«»!<♦ jr, as in 3/(7; Gm.gelen; Fv. gout; Sp. gosar. h, as in 7;opa. q, as c7i in Gm. ich, or c7t in ach, if the former is not found. r, as in roaring; Gm. riihreu ; Fr. rare; Sp. rasgar. s, as in sauce; Gm. Sacifc; Fr. sauce; Sp. sorrfo. /, asinrowcZi; Gm. 2V<#; Fr. idter; Sp. fomrtr. w, as in ra7c; Gm. du; Fr. donx ; Sp. h«o. 17, as in pull , full ; Gm. und. ii, as iu Gm. iWiZtZ; Fr. 1u. u, as in but; Fr. pleuvoir. vj as in valve; Fr. teiix; Sp. volver; and as w in Gm. iron;. «, as in irisZi; nearly as ou in Fr. oui. x, nearly as the Arabic ghain (the sonant of q). y, as in you; Sn.ya; as j in Gm. ja . z, as z and s in roues: Gm. Ease; Fr. zvle; Sp. rasra. f7/, as j in judge. Tiic, as whin when; Sp. hueria. hy, as in 7»ie. ?i/, as IU in million; as 77 in Fr. brilliant: Sp. 7/cnio; and as #7 iu It. moglie'. vg, as in finger, linger. ny, as iu in onion; as » iu canon ; Fr. agncau ; Sp. maraud. tc, as c7i in church, and -w ..i : ■ . . . ■.. . ■ , ■ ■■ ,.■■ ■ «»tl«»i« PLATE II. TOOLS. POINT BARROW ESKIMOS. 1. Steel-pointed bow-drill, with ivory sheath. ^. Nos. 89502 and 89447. 2. Ivory drill-how. ^. No. 89515. 3. Wooden mouth-piece, with stone socket for drill. -J-. No. 89500. 4. Flint-pointed hand-drill. £. No. 89626. 5. Ground adze-head of jade. ^. No. 56667. 6. Stone maul, with wooden haft. Head of light greenish, massive pectolite. -J. No. 56685. (Drawn by C. F. Trill.) Et.lmology. PLATE II. ill .I'll ,!' I fm& PLATE HI. TOOLS. POINT BAEEOW ESKIMOS. 1. Large "crooked knife" for wood-working. Steel blade, antler handle. Left-handed. £. No. 89283. 2. Small "crooked knife" for cutting bone or ivory. -J-. No. 891532. 3. Man's knife of slate, with -wooden handle. Antique. ^. No. 89584. 4. Woman's knife of black slate, handle of antler, £. No. 89682. 5. Blade of a similar knife of polished light green jade. •£. No. 56660. 6. " Shave" for scraping whalebone, with steel blade and ivory handle. Natural size. No. 89306. 7. Tool for flaking flints. A rod of hard bone, mounted in an ivory handle. -J. No. 89262. (Drawn by C. F. Trill.) Ethnology. PLATE III. I'- PLATE IV. SPEAE-HEADS, ETC. POINT BAREOW ESKIMOS. 1. Black flint whale-lance head. |. No. 56679. 2. Similar head with part of shaft. $. No. 89596. 3. Head for deer-lance, of polished olive-green jade. ^. No. 89610. 4. Ground slate blade for whaling harpoon, i. No. 89606. 5. Antique bone toggle-head for seal harpoon. Back and side view. -J. No. 89378. 6. Drinking-cup of fossil ivory. £. No. 89830. (Drawn by C. F. Trill.) Ethnology. PLATE IV. PLATE V. LABRETS AND WORKS OF ART, POINT BARROW ESKIMOS. * 1. Antique single labret of polished light green jade. Back and side view. Natural size. No. 89705. 2. Sienite lahret, one of a pair. Back and side view. Natural size. No. 56716. 3. Plug lahret of hright green stone (jade?). Front and side view. Natural size. No. 89706. 4. Slate lancet for cutting labret-holes, with wooden case. Natural size. No. 89721. 5. Polar bear carved in soapstone. ■£. No. 89566. 6. Ivory carving, dead seal with drag-line. -J. No. 89330. 7. Ivory carving, grotesque figure, " walrus-man." i. No. 89332. (Drawn by C. F. Trill.) Ethnology. PLATE V. €11 iill I PAET IV. NATURAL HISTORY. By JOHN MURDOCH, A. M\, Sergeant Signal Corps, U. S. Army. H. Ex. 44 12 NATURAL HISTORY. By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. INTRODUCTORY. The following report on the Natural History of the Point Barrow Expedition is presented by the writer, to whose charge the collections and notes were intrusted. Part of the material has been turned over to specialists for study, aud part has been worked up by the writer himself. The writer desires to express his thanks to Prof. S. F. Baird, director of the United States National Museum, for affording him every possible convenience in the way of laboratory accom- modation at the Smithsonian Institution, and access to the libraries of the Institution, as well as for much valuable assistance and advice. He is indebted to the curators and assistants of the Museum, especially to Messrs. Eobert Bidgway, Richard Rathbun, W. H. Ball ,and T. H. Bean, for much willing and valuable assistance and advice. To Mr. Dall he is also particularly indebted for access to his valuable library. He desire's especially to acknowledge the assistance rendered him by Mr. James E. Benedict, naturalist of the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, who placed his books and his time at the writer's disposal, for the identification of the collection of Worms. Prof. Asa Gray, of Cambridge, Prof. C. V. Riley, of the Department of Agriculture, Mr. W. H. Dall, of Washington, and Mr. J. W. Fewkes, of Cambridge (the last as a personal favor to the writer), have kindly prepared special reports on the Plants, Insects, Mollusks and Acalephs, respectively. Professors A. E. Verrill and O. Harger, of Yale College, and A. S. Packard, jr., of Brown University, and the Hon. Theodore Lyman, of Massachusetts, have kindly furnished the writer with valuable assistance and many suggestions. The Eskimo name of each animal has been appended wherever it was possible to obtain it. The report consists of the following divisions : I. — Mammals. II.— Birds. III.— Fishes. IV. — Insects. Y. — Maiinc Invertebrates, exclusive of Mollusks. VI.— Mollusks. VII. — Collecting-localities and dr edging-stations. VIII. -Plants. jUTENDIX. A. — Notes on Surface Life under the Sea-ice. B.— Notes on Surface Life, observed during the voyage from San Francisco to Point Barrow, ami durius tbo season of open water at Point Barrow. C — List of Birds noticed at Plover Bav, Eastern Siberia. 'Jl I.-MAMMALS. By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. The following report contains all the information we were able to gather concerning the mam- mals inhabiting that portion of Northwestern Alaska traveled over by the Eskimos of Point Barrow in their hunting and trading expeditions. From the character of the country and the necessarily confining nature of our duties at the station, ranch of it was obtained by hearsay from the natives, though the exploring and hunting expeditions made by Lieutenant Bay and Captain Herendeen added considerably to our knowledge of some species. Marine mammals, of course, predominated in the immediate vicinity of the station, the Arctic* Box and the two species of Lemming being the only land mammals that were at all abundant. Of the larger mammals the most abundant are the Beiudeer and the Binged Seal, which form the staple food of the natives. LIST OF MAMMALS. 1. Canis occidentalis griseo-albxis Bd. Wolf (Aincixo). 2. Vulpes fulvus (Desm.) DeKay. Red Fox (Kaia'kiuk, Kana'kiua). 2b. Vulpes fulvus argentatus And. & Bach. Black Fox (Eaiu'ktuk). 3. Vulpes lagopus (Linn.) Aud. & Bacli. Arctic Fox (Tcrl'gtinia). 4. Gulo luscus (Linn.) J. Sab. Wolverine (Ka'bivin). 5. Putorius erininea (Linn.) Griff. Ermine (Tcri'a). G. Ur'sus arctos ? Barren- ground Bear (A'kqlak). 7. Ursus maritimus Linn. Polar Bear '{NWnu). 8. Phoca vitulina Linn. Harbor Seal (Easigi'a). 9. Phcca fectida Fabricins. Ringed Seal (Ne'tyl). 10. Erignathus barbatus (Fabricius) Gill. Bearded Seal (U'g'ru). 11. Histriophoca fasciata (Ziinm.) Gill. Ribbon Seal {Kaix6lin). 12. Odobsenus obesus (111.) Allen. Pacific Walrus (A'ibiciU). 13. Ovibos moschatus (Gmel.) Blainv. Musk Ox ( Cminmau). 14. Ovis montana (?) Cuv. Mountain Sheep; Bighokn {I'mnea). 15. Raiigifer tarandus grcenlandicus (Kerr.) Reindeer (Tu'ktu). 16. Elephas ? sp. Mammoth. (KiU'gwa). 17. Beluga sp. White Whale (KiWlyua). 18. Orca sp. Killer (A'xlo). 19. Monodon monoceros Linn. Narwhal (Tuga'Kn). 20. Baicena mysticetus Linn. Polar Whale; Bowiiead (A'k'bxcuk). 21. Sorex forstcri Rich. Forster's Shrew Mouse {Ug'ru'nii'). 22. Myodes obensis Brants. Tawny Lemming (A'ricititi). 23. Cuniculus torquatus (Pall.) Coues. Hudson's Bay Lemming. 24. Spermophilus empetra (Pall.) Allen. Parry's Spermophile (Sl'ksm). 25. Lepus timidus arcticus Allen. Polar Hare. 92 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 93 1. CANIS OCCEOENTALIS GRISEO-ALBUS Bd. Wolf (Amdxo). The Wolf never appears to come near the coast in the vicinity of Point Barrow. The natives, however, have a good many of their shins and prize them very highly for trimming their deer-skin clothes, especially for making the frill round the hood of the jacket. The skulls also are highly valued as amulets or fetishes, aud no whaling umiak is regarded as properly fitted out unless provided with one or more wolf-skulls. The natives speak of them as rather plenty inland along the rivers where the reindeer abound, and say they chase the deer in packs. Our hunting and exploring parties which went inland in the spring of 1882 and 1SS3 saw wolves several times but were unable to secure any specimens. The only skin we obtained, a very large male, was shot by a native hunter near Meade River in the spring of 18S3. One of the Eskimo trading parties which went east in the summer of 18S2 succeeded in catch- ing a couple of male cubs alive. These were brought home early in September, and carefully fed till hue in December, at which time their fur was supposed to be fit for use. They were then killed with much ceremony, with a stone-headed arrow. The natives appear to regard the Wolf with a certain amount of superstitious reverence. A man who lias killed a Wolf must sleep out of doors in a tent or snow iglu, for one "moon" from that time. We obtained one skin and six skulls. 2. VULPES FULVUS (Desm.) DeKay. Red Fox (KaiulctuJc, Kana'Jctua). 21). VULPES FULVUS ARGENTATUS Aud. & Bach. Black or Silver Fox (Kaia'Jctulc). A few skins of Black and Red Foxes came in among the furs obtained by the trader at the station. They were all, however, said to have been obtained by trade from the tribes further to the east. One of our native deer-hunters last spring (1883), however, came in with a report that he had seen and wounded a Black Fox near the hill Nuasu/knan, which is close to the upper Meade River. No skins of the cross fox (V.fulvus decussatus) were found among the trade fox-skins. 3. VULPES LAGOPUS (Linn.) Aud. & Bach. Arctic Fox (Teri'gunia.) The White Fox is quite abundant near the station, especially in winter, when their tracks are to be seen in the snow all over the tundra. They are, however, so exceedingly shy, and so well protected by their white covering that the animals themselves are seldom seen at this season. During the egg season, that is, through June, they may be frequently seen "quartering" the tundra in search of eggs and sitting birds, particularly at night, aud are occasionally found run- ning along the beach. Their speed when alarmed is very great. They seem almost to fly over the ground instead of running. Though usually very wild, hunger sometimes renders them quite bold and familiar. In the spring of 1882, one of the women at the hunting camp on Meade River found one in the meat house aud easily killed him with a stick. They are, in general, pretty widely scattered over the country, but sometimes gather in large numbers where there is any particular supply of food. The Eskimos reported in February 1882, that there were great numbers of them one day's journey to the east feeding on the carcass of a whale that had been washed ashore. Any game 94 EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. that is left out over night must he carefully covered up with slahs of snow or it will he soon eaten by the foxes. A good many of them are caught by the Eskimos, either with steel traps or "figurc-of-four 5 * traps of their own construction. In using a steel trap they do not bait the trap itself, but place the bait in a little house made of slabs of snow. The trap is set and carefully buried in the snow at the doorway of the house so that the fox must step on it in his endeavors to reach the bait. They build a similar house for their "deadfall" or " figureof-four" trap, and arrange the log above the door of the house so the fox brings it down across his back when he reaches in for the meat. The trader obtained a large number of White Eox skins, mostly in fine condition with very heavy thick fur. Out of the number there were two or three in the "blue" condition, also heavy winter skins. The summer pelage seems to be completely assumed by the middle of July. A female shot close to the station, July 8, 1882, had the browu summer coat very short and thin, with bunches of white fur still adhering to it, and a few scattered white hairs still remaining. She was very thin and dirty, and about as miserable a looking creature as could well be imagined. In 1883, a female in nearly the same pelage was taken at Woody Inlet with her two blind cubs, about the size of new-born kittens. They were the color of a Maltese cat. They were very rarely seen after the middle of July until well into October, when they became quite plenty and by that time had again become completely white. Their tracks were occasionally seen out on the sea-ice, w r here they had wandered, perhaps iu the hopes of pickings of seal offal, after some bear, or perhaps in pursuit of stray lemmings or ptarmigans, that every now and then get out upon the ice. 4. GTJLO LUSCUS (Linn.) J. Sab. Wolverine (Ka'bmn). The Wolverine was never seen by any of our parties nor reported by the natives. Wolverine- skins, however, are very plenty among the Eskimos, and highly valued for trimmings. The tail is especially sought for as an ornament to be worn at the back of the belt. All these skins are brought from the interior, and are generally obtained by trading. 5. PUTORIUS BRMINEA (Linn.) Griff' Ermine {Teria). Skins of Ermines, both in summer and winter pelage, are common among the natives, and are occasionally worn as trimmings or amulets. During the winter their tracks and droppings were occasionally to be seen on the tundra. An adult male in full summer pelage was shot close to the station early on the morning of July 1G, 18S3. 6. TJRSUS ARCTOS ? Barren-Ground Bear '? (A'lcqlalc). There is a brown bear in the interior, of which we were unable to secure a specimen, and which is probably Richardson's "Barren-Ground Bear". The natives had several more or less mutilated skins, which in color closely resembled the cinnamon bear. The Eskimos say that the "land bear" is abundant during the summer iu the neighborhood of Meade River. 7. URSUS MARITIMUS Linn Polar Bear (Na'nu). Polar Bears are by no means so abundant about Point Harrow as might be expected, and they appear to confine themselves almost entirely to the ice-field at some distance from the shore, only coming in to the land when driven by hunger. During the whole of our stay at the station EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 95 we know of not more than eleven or twelve being taken, and they wore killed by the Eskimos. Onr party frequently saw bear-tracks on the ice, but nobody as much as saw a living bear except Lieutenant Bay, who had the good fortune to catch a glimpse of one as he made his escape into the moving ice pursued by all the dogs and half the men and women of the village. The bears seemed generally anxious to escape when they encountered men and dogs. Only one or two showed light or came to bay. Bears were wandering about the ice all the year round, as the natives occasionally reported them, and twice during the winter of 1882-'S3, impelled by hunger, they came boldly into the vil- lage, once at night and once in broad daylight, and made an attack on somebody's storehouse of seal-meat. Of course the natives immediately turned out and killed the bear. Towards the end of April, 1SS3, a native who belonged at the Point Barrow village, when returning from the spring deer-hunt, met a she-bear and her cub, some 20 miles inland, at the point where the Eskimo trail crosses the river Kuaru, and killed them both. We obtained their skins by purchase. The bears killed in winter were beautifully clean and white, but in summer they become exceedingly brown and dirty. One killed in August, 1883, was so dirty as to be almost black about the legs. 8. PHOCA VITULINA Linn. Harbor Seal. {Kasigia). The Harbor Seal is well known to the Eskimos, who have several skins of this species, among their " pokes" or floats for whaling. They said that they. occasionally captured it at Perguiak in •Elson Bay, and clown the coast at Waiuwright's Inlet, where it is said to "haul out" on land. This species is represented in our collection by a single skull brought in for sale by a native, who did not know where it came from. 9. PHOCA FCBTIDA Fabricius. Ringed Seal {Netyl). Ti'rgun, old stixkixg mali:; Xiiiiiiq, female; Ketyia'rv, young of the year. This is the only seal that is at all common at Point Barrow, and is the main staple of food of the Eskimos. It remains the whole year through, and is to be found anywhere in the icefield that there are sufficient cracks for it to find a breathing place. They especially affect the ice, and consequently are rarely to be seen in summer, when the sea is clear of ice. When, however, there is much loose ice running, seals are always to be found in plenty, and are captured by the Eskimos from their umiaks with rifle and harpoon. They occa- sionally come into the shoal water of Elson Bay in the summer, and are taken in nets set along the shore. When the ice comes in and the sea begins to freeze over in October they become quite abun- dant, haunting the open pools in the pack and making breathing-holes (adlu) in the "young ice." At this season the natives take thein entirely with the rifle and harpoon, either shooting them as they swim in the open pools, and darting a harpoon into them before they sink, or else watching at the breathing-hole with the rifle and stabbing-harpoou. As the season advances into November and December and the sun disappears, so that there are only a few hours of daylight, the- seal-netting begins. This can only be carried on in the darkest nights when there is no moon. The natives say that even a bright aurora interferes with their success. At this season of the year there are very often large temporary cracks in the ice-field a mile or two from the shore, which remain open for several days at a time, and are a great haunt of the seals. When such a crack is discovered the hunters from the village turn out in force, and skirt along the edge of the crack till they liud a suitable place for setting their nets. 96 EXPEDITION TO POlKT BARROW, ALASKA. They select a place where the ice is level and not too thick for about a hundred yards from the edge of the crack and then proceed with their ice-picks to cut three holes parallel to the crack. The middle hole is large enough to admit the passage of a seal, and the other two are smaller and serve to allow the stretching Hues of the net to pass through. They are about five yards, the length of the net, apart. The stretching lines are let down through these holes, and grappled and drawn up through the center hole with a long slender hooked pole. They are then attached to the upper corners of the net, which is thus drawn dowu through the middle hole and hangs like a curtain underneath the ice. The end-lines are loosely fastened to lumps of ice, and the hunter sitting down near the net begins to rattle on the ice with the butt of his pick, scratch with a little tool made of seals' claws mounted on a wooden handle, whistle softly, or make some continuous gentle noise which excites the curiosity of the seals, who are swimming round in the open water. These come swimming in under the ice in the direction of the sound and of course come in contact with the net, which, hanging loosely, soon completely entangles them. The running out of the end-lines warns the hunter that there is a seal in the net, and when he thinks it is sufficiently entangled, he hauls it up through the middle hole by means of a line attached to the middle of the net. The seal is frequently drowned by the time it is hauled up, but sometimes has to be killed by bending the head back sharply so as to break the neck. After disentangling his catch, the hunter sets his net again and waits for another seal. I have known a single hunter to catch as many as thirty seals in the course of one night. The dead seals of course freeze stiff very rapidly, and if there is snow enough on the surface of the ice, they are stacked up, by sticking them up on their tails in the snow to prevent their being snowed over, until they can be brought in by the dog-sleds. When there is no suitable water forgetting on a large scale, the natives are constantly on the watch for small cracks and breathing-holes, where the seals come regularly. Two or three men will surround such a place with four or five nets, so that every seal that comes to the hole is sure to be caught. These nets are kept permanently set and are visited every day or two. Later in the season when the sun has returned, and the hunters find regularly established breathing-holes in the ice-field, the nets are stretched flat across the holes by cutting four holes round the adlu, and stretching the corners of the net out to these. Each hunter will have several nets set in this way and will visit them every day or two. When the " leads" of water opeu off shore in April, seals are always quite abundant there and the whaling umiaks usually catch a good many. They continue abundant all through the whaling season. Towards the end of June and through the month of July, when the ice, especially the level ice inshore, is growing rotten and wearing into holes, they begin to come up through these holes to sleep on the ice. They sleep however with extreme caution, waking up and raising their heads to see if all is safe every four or five minutes. They are so exceedingly shy at this season of the year that none of us ever succeeded in getting within decent rifle shot of one of them. There is considerable variation in the color of this species. Individuals were seen which were almost white, being quite unspotted on the belly, and there was a complete gradation from these to specimens like one noted on January 7, 1883, of which the following is a description : Ground color, blade, belly no lighter than the back. Marked all over with ring-like, sometimes 8-shaped spots, white, numerous on the back, large and scattered on the belh~, small and thickly crowded on the upper breast and throat. Flippers and claws very black. 10. ERIGNATHUS BARBATUa (Fabricius) Gil!. Bearded Seal {TJ'g'ru.) This species is far less common than the preceding (P.fcetkla), but is by no means rare, occur- ring even during the winter when the ice is broken. They are also occasionally killed at the " leads" of open water during the spring whaling, but are most abundant during the summer and autumn when the loose ice is running with the current, swimmiug around among the broken floes, and occasionally crawling out upon a cake to sleep. They almost invariably sink when shot at this season. Early in the season they are frequently EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 97 seen closo inshore, especially where there is open water between the shore and the "land floe" or " barrier." The Eskimos pursue them in their umiaks with the rifle and walrus-harpoon provided with a shoreline and seal-skin floats, but did not capture many during our stay at the station. The skins are very highly prized for making umiak- covers, as they make a very fine and durable hide which is beautifully white. It takes six good-sized ug'ru-skins to cover one umialc. The hide is also used for making walrus-lines and also for boot-soles when whitewhale skin cannot be obtained. 11. HISTRIOPHOCA FASCIATA (Zimm.) Gill. Ribbon Seal (Kaixo'lin). This is the first record of this species north of Bering Strait, but it can hardly be con- sidered as anything more than a straggler of somewhat regular occurrence at Point Barrow. It is, however, well known to the natives, who call it by a name which bears a striking resem- blance to the names " Karoluk " and " Kioluk," which the natives of Pond's Bay and Cumberland Inlet apply to Phoca grcenlandica, which animal would hardly be distinguished from this species by the Eskimos. The only individual we saw was a finely marked male, taken in a seal-net close to the village at Cape Smythe, November 21, 1881. Unfortunately, we knew nothing of the capture until sev- eral days afterward, when the hunter brought the skin over for sale. He had mutilated it by cut- ting off the nose and flippers, and we were unable to procure the skull. We heard of no more till the end of November, 18S2, when a native reported that he had killed one at a breathing hole, but that it was carried away by the current. None were seen at any of the great catches of Phoca fcetida during the winter of 1882, although all the natives, both at Cape Smythe and Point Barrow, were especially on the lookout for them. This species must be more abundant than is generally supposed on the Siberian coast of Bering Sea. Their skins are frequently to be seen among the seal-skin clothing worn by the American whalemen, which is procured at Plover Bay, Indian Point, and other places on the Siberian coast. 12. ODOBiENUS OBESXJS (111.) Allen. Pacific Walrus (Aibiouk). Walruses are of rather frequent occurrence off Point Barrow during the season of open or partially open water, but are never very abundant. In the spring of 1882, one or two were reported by the natives as early as the end of May, out at the " lead " of open water, but in 1883 they were very much later. We heard of none until July 3, when many old bulls were reported to be traveling up to the northeast at the " lead." During the summer herds are occasionally seen swimming among the broken ice outside of the barrier, or asleep on a large cake. They were quite plenty during the month of September, 1882, when there was much heavy loose ice from one to three miles off shore, moving rapidly with the current to the northeast. Many herds and solitary walruses floated up past the station on cakes of ice. We saw none returning, and none were seen or reported after September 28. They were rather more plenty outside the land-floe in 1S83 than they had been the preceding season, and the Eskimos had taken about a dozen up to the middle of August, pursuing them with the rifle and harpoon in their umiaks. During the autumn of 1881 the ice was a very long distance off from the shore, and conse- quently there were no walruses. On October 17, while the sea was still open, three walruses came swimming in towards the land close to the station. They appeared fatigued, as if they had come a long distance, and evidently wished to land on the beach, but were frightened away by the natives. The whalemen complain very much of the increasing scarcity of walrus on their usual walrus- hunting grounds, the ice-field just north of Bering Strait. Where they were formerly accustomed to get a hundred walrus a day by shooting on the ice, they now consider eighteen a good day's H. Ex. 41 13 mm 98 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. work. Not only Lave the walruses been killed off' by the indiscriminate slaughter which has been the custom, but they have grown cautious, aud have learned to withdraw to inaccessible parts of the ice holds, where they cannot be reached with a boat. This habit will go a good way towards preserving the species from utter extinction. There seems to be some diversity of opinion as to the ferocity of the Pacific Walrus. Capt. E. P. Herendeen, who has killed a great many walruses, especially when "hauled out" on the land, insists that he never saw one show fight, that they are only anxious to escape from their pursuers, and that the chase is attended with no danger, except sometimes from the blundering efforts of the animals to escape. Capt. L. C. Owen, on the other hand, one of the veterans of the whaling fleet, who commanded the first steam whaler in the Arctic, and who has probably had as much experience as any one iu shooting walruses on the ice, asserts that he has frequently been attacked by wounded walruses, and that his "dinghy" or walrus-boat has often been in great danger from their "pecking" at it, as he expressed it, with their tusks. 13/OVIBOS MOSCHATUS (Gmel.) Blainv. Musk Ox (U'min mau). A skull of this animal was brought in by one of the trading parties from the eastward, just an we were gettiug ready to abandon the station. In the hurry and excitement of the time, we neg- lected to find out more accurately the locality from which it came. The party had been as far east as the mouth of the Colville, and the skull may have been brought from there. The natives knew the animal well, and called it by nearly the same name as the eastern Eskimos, but none had ever seen it alive. The skull obtained appeared very old and much weathered. 14. OVIS MONTANA (?) Cuv. Mountain Sheep; Bighorn (I'mnea). The Eskimos had many implements, especially water dippers, made of Mountain Sheep horn, and there were a good many garments made of the skin which is especially used for trimming deer- skin clothes. Most of the horns and the skins were obtained by trade from the natives to the east and south. The Point Barrow natives were, however, well acquainted with the animal, and several of them said that they had killed them, a great way off to the eastward, in very high broken land (Romanzoff Mountains"?). I have called the species Ovis montana (?), because there is a question as to the species of Mountain Sheep inhabiting Alaska, and we obtained no specimen that could be identified. 15. RANGIFER TARANDUS G-RCENLANDICTTS (Kerr). Reindeer (Tii'Mu). Pu'vniin, DUCK with large antlers; Kwlca, yeam-ixg cucic; Ku'Jauun, doe; Ainiin, old, hornless doe; No'xa, FAWN. Reindeer do not come down to the coast near Point Barrow in any large numbers. Straggling individuals and small parties are occasionally to be seen during the summer, wandering around the tundra and sometimes come down to the beach and the lagoons, especially on calm, sunny days when the flies are troublesome. Large herds have been seen down the coast, 25 or 30 miles from the station, and near the mouths of the rivers at the east, but only stragglers reach the Point. During the rutting season, in the latter part of October, a good many are to be seen roaming round a few miles inland, though they are very wild. The rutting bucks, however, are rather inclined to be curious and to come towards a man if he keeps perfectly still. Later in the winter, EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 99 from January on, they were "continually seen and reported, and their tracks and the places where they had scraped away the snow to get at the moss were frequently seen. The natives from the village go out on snow-shoes to hunt them, and when a herd of. deer is seen the hunter moves straight towards them at a rapid pace. When the deer begin to run the hunter runs after them as fast as he can, trying to keep them in sight. His pertinacity is gener- ally too much for the curiosity of the deer, and in a short time one or more of them will usually swerve from the line of flight and gradually circle back to sec what this is that is following them so closely. The hunter generally opens fire as soon as the deer gets within five or six hundred yards and keeps it up till he either kills the deer or frightens it out of range. Strange as it may seem, a good many deer are obtained in this way. The natives are very lavish of their ammunition, and by their reckless shooting have rendered the deer very wild. Most of the deer obtained by the natives, however, are killed along the valleys of the large rivers, Kuaru, Meade River, and Ikpikpung, which empty into the Arctic Ocean east of Point Barrow. Many of the natives go in to these rivers, 50 to 100 miles to the south and southeast, as soon as enough snow has fallen to make sledging practicable, and there remain camped in snow huts until the days grow too short for hunting. At this season the deer are quite plenty in this region, and go in large herds. Captain Herendeen describes the alluvial flats of Meade River as "looking like a cattle-yard" from their tracks. The Eskimos seem to be of the opinion that most of the deer leave this region and go further inland when the winter night sets in, returning about the first of February. The great season for deer hunting is in the months of February and March. With the return of the suu, about the last week in January, most of the natives of both villages start off for the rivers, and are to be found camped in small parties, consisting of two or three families, over a large extent of country. They stay until the end of March, or sometimes as late as the middle of April, and secure a good many deer. Two men who were hunting for the station in the spring of 18S3 killed upwards of ninety, while they were out. Most of these deer are shot with the rifle, but a few are still taken in pitfalls dug in the snow-drifts, as described by Captain Maguire, of the English depot-ship Plover, in his report of his first winter at Point Barrow, lS52-'53. A female killed January 30, 1883, contained a foetus about six inches long. Large numbers of well-developed embryos are brought in from the spring deer-hunt by the natives, who consider them a great delicacy. They are also very fond of the contents of the rectum. 16. ELEPHAS ? sp. Mammoth (XiU'ghca), Much fossil ivory in a badly decayed condition is found on the sandbars of Meade River, and the natives have a good many implements of a much better quality of ivory. This, however, was probably obtained from the Nunatangmeun. The natives had many stories about bones of the Kiligwa, "the great dead reindeer"; "there are no longer any more on earth, only their bones remain." We endeavored to get some of the hunting parties to bring us in some of these bones, but we did not succeed in obtaining any. 17. BELUGA sp. White Whale (Kile'lyua). White Whales were never very plenty near the station, but large schools occasionally passed up within sight of the shore during the season of open water. A school of a hundred or more passed up within 200 yards of the beach September 28, 1881, and then turned and went back again. There were many gray individuals in this school. The whaling umiaks captured one or two each season we were at the station, and each year as soon as there was open water between the land-floe and the beach a large herd passed up to the northeast. MMM 100 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. About a week or ten days later another large herd of several hundred passed up each season, and these were all that were seen. The last herd in 1882 came close to the beach, and one was killed with a rifle. There was no opportunity to make a careful study of it or to obtain its complete skeleton, as it was immediately cut up for meat. The skull was unfortunately destroyed by the ice while being cleaned in the water by the sand-fleas. The following are the measurements of this specimen: ADUI.T FEMALE. Feot. Inches. From fork of tail to tip of lower jaw 12 8£ Girth behind flippers 7 4 Breadth of tail , 2 6J Breadth between angle of lower jaw 1 Length of head from ear 1 4 Length of vulva 1 10 Length of flipper 1 3 Color, white, grayish on flukes and flippers, with a yellowish tinge on the back ; mammae opposite the lower third of the genital sulcus, which includes the anus ; mammary sulcus about two inches long; blubber thick. These animals are much prized by the natives, who value the skin very highly for making the finest quality of water-proof soles for their seal-skin boots. They are also sometimes used for mak- ing very fine walrus or whale lines. The flesh is quite palatable, though rather tasteless. 18. MONODON MOKTOCBROS Linn. N AK ■ WH AL ( TlHJU liU ) . No living Narwhals were seen during our stay at Point Barrow, but we found the ivory in the possession of the natives. They recognized drawings of the animals, and said that they were occa- sionally seen and killed. The name is essentially the same as one of those applied by the Green- landers and eastern Eskimos to this animal. 19. ORCA sp. Killer (A'xlo). The natives described a whale which they sometimes saw, and which was "bad" and had largo teeth. From the resemblance of the name to the ordinary Eskimo word for " Killer" I am inclined to believe that a species of Orca was meant. None were seen during our stay at the station. 20. BALJBNA MYSTICETUS Linn. Polar Whale, "Bowhead" (A'W bwulc). AVhales' jawbones, skulls, and vertebrae are plenty— scattered along the shore and in the villages, where jawbones and ribs are used for staging timbers, and they are also sometimes found buried in the turf, indicating considerable age. There is also much decaying whalebone in the ruined iglus which have been laid open by the sea at Cape Smythe, pointing to the time when whalebone had no commercial value, and more was obtained than could be used for ordinary purpases in the village. About the middle of April, when the "leads " of open water begin to form off shore, the whales appear— a few stragglers at first, but gradually increasing in numbers— all traveling to the north- east even when the lead is much clogged with loose ice. Indeed, the whales seem to have learned that they arc much safer in the ice than in the open water, and may be heard "blowing" in the loose pack when there is plenty of open water for them to travel in. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 101 The "run" lasts until about the 1st of July, after which, during the season of open water, there are no whales until about the middle or end of August, when they begin to "come cut," as the whalemen say, generally moving back at some distance from the shore. The whaling fleet generally catch a few whales in Bering Strait and outside of the ice early in the season, when they first come into the Arctic. They then endeavor to reach Point Barrow by the middle or end of July so as to meet the whales when they come out. Some ships work as far to the eastward of the point as the ice will permit and follow the ■whales out. Many whales were taken in 1882 between Point Barrow and Return Beef. Other ships, if the whales do not appear soon after their reaching the point, turn back and go off to the western whaling in the neighborhood of Herald Island. The fall whaling is carried on as late as the ice will permit. In 1882 some of the ships staid in the neighborhood of Point Barrow until nearly the end of September. The season of 18S3 was very unfavorable for the whaling fleet. The ships were unable to get any distance east of the point, and although whales had been plenty in the spring migrations they did not begin to come out till the end of August, and then in comparatively small numbers. None of the ships accomplished much. The natives pursue the whales during the spring migrations, hauling their boats on sleds across the rough ice to the open water. About twenty umiaks, carrying each a crew of from eight to ten men, are fitted out for whaling from the two villages, and when there is open w r ater and any prospect of whales they spend all the time out at the edge of the " lead" on the lookout for whales while the women travel backwards and forwards with their food. Each boat is supplied with several harpoons,- to each of which is attached a short line and a pair of floats made of inflated seal-skins, and they endeavor to get so many of these floats fastened to the whale that he can no longer sink, when they paddle up and dispatch him. They formerly used stone-headed lances for this purpose, but are all now provided with regular steel whale lances, and many of them also have bomb-guns which they have bought of the whalemen or obtained from wrecks. They have also plenty of iron harpoons of the best pattern, but it was decided in 1883 that they would have no luck in whaling uuless the first harpoon darted at the whales was of the old- fashioned stone-headed kind, such as their grandfathers killed so many whales with. When the "lead" of water is narrow the whales are sometimes shot with a bomb-gun from the edge of the ice. As soon as a whale is killed it is towed to the edge of the solid icefloe, and there all hands — men, women, and children — go to work at once with "spades" and knives to cut off all the blubber and meat they can get at. The whale frequently sinks or is carried off by the current under the ice before they have succeeded in saving more than a portion of the blubber. Every one is enti- tled to all he can get of the blubber and " blackskiu," but the whalebone -(sJiukuk), which is the great staple of trade with the white men, is portioned out according to a regular rule. The crews of all the umiaks that were in sight at the time the whale was struck have an equal share of the whalebone. The "blackskin" mentioned above, which is the epidermis of the whale, and has been very often described, is considered as great a delicacy by these natives as it is by the eastern Eskimos. They would go anywhere or do anything to secure a feast of "muktuk," as they call it. It is the custom on most whaleships, when "boiling out" near shore, to allow the natives to come on board and cut off the blackskin, provided they do not take off too much blubber with it, and I have seen boat-loads carried off from one ship. They are also very fond of the tough, white gum round the roots of the whalebone, which goes by the name of " mum-ma." These are almost invariably eaten raw, for very few Eskimos would be able to wait for their muktulc to be cooked. They are not very expert or very bold in their whaling, and consequently do not capture many whales. Only three were killed in the two seasons we were there. Capt. L. 0. Owen, however, informs me that one season ten whales were taken by the boats of the two villages. In speaking of whales to the white men the Eskimos call them Pu'ahl, which is an attempt to pronounce the word "Bowhead." 102 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. The stripped carcase of a female which drifted ashore September 1, 1882, was found to contain- a foetus about three feet long. 21. SOREX FOR3TERI Rich. Foester's Shrew Mouse {Ug'ru'nu). A little Shrew which was brought home in alcohol and identified as this species was brought in by a native who had been off to Meade Paver on the spring deer hunt. This was the only one observed. 22. MYODES OBENSIS Brant3. Tawny Lemming- (A'vwinu). This species, like the succeeding, though abundant around Point Barrow, is not equally plenty every season. We saw none in 1882, and none were brought in by the natives, who were in the habit of bringing in all sorts of birds and animals for sale. None were obtained until June 11, 1S83, when a good sized young one, probably born the year before, in full summer pelage, was picked up dead on the tundra. During the rest of June and in July they were often seen, and many were caught. Early in the season they were often found running in tunnels under snow-banks. This species and the next make shallow burrows and galleries in the tussocks of turf on the tundra, and spend a good deal of time under ground. A mother and seven blind young were taken June 27. 23. CUNICXJLUS TORQUATUS (Pall.) Cones. Hudson's Bay Lemming- '{A 1 viomu). Like the last, this Lemming, though abundant, is not equally plenty every season. During the whole year of 1882 we did not see a single Lemming, although signs of them w T ere very plenty. The tundra was completely riddled with their galleries and burrows, and we occasionally saw tracks on the snow or mud. Their droppings, besides, were very thick in many places on the tundra, and the numerous owl's castings scattered over the tundra were made up almost wholly of Lemmings' skulls, bones, and hair. In 1883, the natives began to bring them in early in January, and all the rest of that season they were quite abundant. Their habits are quite the same as those of the Tawny Lemmings. In summer they are only to be seen when running from one gallery to another, and in winter their tracks generally lead to a burrow in the snow-bank. They are seldom seen in winter, except during drifting snowstorms, when the snow over their tunnels is probably blown away. This has given rise to a curious fancy among the Eskimos, who say that in stormy weather they come down from the sky, whirling around and running around in spirals as soon as they touch the ground. The first one we obtained was brought in, during a violent snowstorm, by a native, who informed us, " There are none here on the land. As it was bad weather he fell down from above." This superstition is interesting in connection with the notion of the Norwegians that the great hordes of Norway Lemmings come down from the clouds. They appeared to be spread over a pretty wide extent of country in 18S3, as we obtained specimens from near the station and from various deer-hunters' camps in the interior. . Up to April all the specimens taken were in winter pelage, but none of them were completely white, all showing faint rufous spots indicating the position of the ears, and usually more or less rufous suffusion on the back. The white, moreover, has a grayish cast, due to the fact, probably, that the tips of the hairs only are white, while the rest is a slaty gray. One specimen, taken in February, and, from its size, probably a young one of the preceding year, is much marked with gray and brownish on the back of the head and nape and between the shoulders. It has well- marked rufous ear-spots. A specimen taken in April can hardly be distinguished from this, though a little larger. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 103 Specimens taken towards the end of April and in May show considerable darkening on the back and muck rufous on tbe sides, but we obtained none like those in the National Museum, which show the winter-coat partly shed, exposing the shorter bright-colored summer dress. All June specimens were in full summer pelage. 24. SPERMOPHILUS 3MPETRA (Pall.) Allen. PARRY'S SPERMOPHILE (Sl'JiStu). This is only a straggler anywhere near the station, though the whalemen, who are in tbe habit of landing at Woody Inlet for wood and water, report it abundant in the neighborhood. The natives are well acquainted with it. We first noticed its tracks in the snow in May, 1883, and a single rutting male was killed running about on the high banks below Cape Smythe. 25. LEPUS TIMIDUS ARCTICUS Allen. Polar Hare. There were absolutely none near the station, and the natives were unacquainted with the animals. Oapt. E. P. Herendeen, however, reports seeing traces of hares among the willows on Meade Eiver in March, 18S2. Just as we were on the point of abandoning the station in August, 1883, a party of Nunatang* menu Eskimos brought in half a dozen roughly-prepared skins of this species, showing the occur- rence of the animals somewhere in the Colville region. II.-BIRDS. By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. The birds and eggs brought home by the expedition were collected, "with a few exceptions, within a circle of fifteen miles from the station, and, it is believed, give a tolerably complete rep- resentation of the bird-fauna of this limited region. This it will be seen is arctic in its character, with the addition of a few species like Somateria v-nigra, peculiar to the western parts of the con- tinent. The range of a few species heretofore recorded only from the eastern part of the continent has been found to extend to this point. The country in this region is a low slightly rolling tundra, interspersed with higher and drier patches, and covered with lakes and ponds of all sizes, sometimes connected by insignificant streams. The lower portions of the tundra are wet and marshy, and thickly covered with grass. On the higher portions the covering of grass is more scanty and the ground often bare, muddy, and black, partly covered with black and white mosses and lichens. This we were in the habit of calling the " black tundra," and it was the special breeding-ground of certain species of birds, for example the Golden Plover, while others were to be sought for in the marshy lowlands, and others again on tho dry grassy banks. The birds breeding in this region are two or three species of land-birds and most of the waders. The great majority of the water-birds, the ducks, gulls, &c, pass on to more favorable breeding- sites on the sandy islands fringing the northern shore of the continent, and on the banks of the great rivers running into the Arctic Ocean east of Point Barrow. Most of the birds and eggs were collected by the writer and Sergeant Middleton Smith, though valuable additions to the collections were made by Lieutenant Bay, Captain Herendeen, and other members of the party. The nomenclature employed is that of Bidgway's Catalogue (Bull. U. S. Nat. Museum, No. 21, 1881), to which the numbers refer, and the Eskimo names have been appended wherever possible. [21.] SASICOLA CENANTHE (Linn.) Eechst. Stonechat (Sil'ksaxia), As Mr. Nelson remarks, this species appears to be very erratic in its occurrence in Northern Alaska, being quite common some seasons and wholly absent the next. Early in the spring migrations of 1882 we had these birds in comparative abundance near the station for a few days, but none remained to breed, and in the season of 18S3, though a careful lookout was kept for them, not a single one was noticed. Curiously enough, this alternation of seasons appears to have held good for the two preceding years. In 1880 Dr. Bean found them not uncommon from Kotzebue Sound to Cape Lisburne, while Mr. Nelson, visiting the same region the following season, failed to find a single individual. The first one seen was taken May 19, 1882, when very little of the snow had melted and there were but a few patches of bare ground near the coast. It was a male, and feeding on the bare grassy spots uear the house, and was very shy. The stomach contained much digested material. 104 EXPEDITION TO POEST BARROW, ALASKA. 105 For three days they were with us in considerable numbers, scattered along the edge of tlie tundra, not going' far inland, and exceedingly sliy. They appeared to be traveling towards the northeast. The sexual organs of the only female taken showed no signs of development, but a male was shot on the 22d with testes well enlarged. After this date they disappeared completely, and were not seen again during the season, or in the return migrations. The natives appeared unfamiliar with the bird, and gave it the name which we afterward found them to apply to the Redpolls, and, in fact, to all the little passerine birds, except the Snow-bunt- ings and Lapland Longspurs. 157. COTILE RIP ARIA (Linn.) Boie. Bank Swallow. On the evening of July 29, 1S82, we were surprised to see a swallow flying round the station, but unfortunately failed to secure it, and it went off up the beach. Swallows were seen again on the 31st and on August 10 flying round the station and going off up the beach. The last time they were pretty well recognized as this species. No more were seen alive, but earty in September one was picked up on the beach dead and frozen, but unfortunately too much dried up for skinning. It was, however, preserved in alcohol and is the only representative of the species in our collection. A party of natives, who were with us when the bird was picked up, failed to recognize it as anything they had ever seen before. These birds were undoubtedly stragglers from the Yukon region, where they breed in great numbers, which, after the cares of raising their brood were over, had drifted carelessly further and further north, following the flies and the sunshine till they reached this extreme point. 178a. iSGIOTHUS CANESCENS EXILIPES (Coues) Ridgw. White-bumped Redpoll (Su'ltsaxia). This species appears to be not common, and rather irregular in its occurrence at Point Barrow. Early in June, 18S2, the natives spoke of seeing Sulcsaxia and promised to secure them for us. Accordingly on the 13th a lad brought in three eggs with the female, snared on the nest. These were the only eggs secured, and we obtained or saw very few birds. Those that were seen appeared to have a preference for the muddy banks and gullies of the " black tundra," and the neighborhood of the village. None were noticed after July 3, and none were seen or reported in the season of 1883. The season of 1881 must have been one of unusual abundance for this bird, as Mr. Nelson (Arctic Cruise of the Revenue Steamer Cor win, 1881) speaks of finding it one of the commonest birds at Point Barrow. It certainly was not common in 1882. Nor did JElgiothus linaria, which he speaks of finding in the same localities, occur at all in either of the two seasons that our station was occupied. 186. PLECTROPHANES NIVALIS (Linn.) Meyer. Snow-bunting- (Amau'Uga). This and the next species Avere our commonest passerine birds; in fact, the only ones which coidd be said to be at all common. Our first warning of spring, before the snow had fairly begun to show sigr* of melting, was always the appearance of the little Amauliga hopping and twittering around the wind-blown spots and the cook's refuse heap, a little explorer, come on to spy out the land far ahead of the main body of the migration. In 1882 the first Snow-bunting and the first bird of the year, a male in full breeding plumage, appeared on Easter Sunday, April 9, a pleasant and warm day for the season. The snow had not really begun to melt, but the ground had blown bare near the house and there had perhaps been a little melting on the sunny side of the hillocks, where the little fellow was running and picking. H. Ex. 44 14 10(3 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARBOW, ALASKA. They were a little later the next season. The natives reported seeing one or two at Point Barrow April 1G, hut we saw none near the station till the 19th. Stragglers continued to arrive through April and May, but they were not really plenty either season till about May 20. They began to sing about the middle of May, and by the 23d or 24th were well established and in full song. Three or four pairs made their home near .the station, and several more in the village, while the rest were scattered along the edge of the tundra, but few going any distance inland. They especially affected the broken muddy banks and gullies below the village and along the shore of the lagoons, and the cook's refuse heap was from the first a great attraction. The males spend a great deal of time singing perched on the highest point they can find. The ridge-poles of our buildings and the wind-vane were favorite resorts for these jolly little singers. They continued singing until about the first week in July. Early in June they begin to build in holes and crevices in the banks, where the nest is always completely concealed, raising occasionally, at any rate, two broods in the season. The full coinple- rueut of eggs appears to be six, though I found one nest containing seven eggs in 1883. In 1882 one pair established themselves in a hogshead of bricks close to the station, unfortu- nately too much exposed to the curiosity of the Eskimo children, who caught and killed the male bird just as the female had completed her full set of eggs. ' Of course under the circumstances the nest and eggs were added to our collection. Nothing daunted, the female immediately secured another mate and went to -work on a new nest, but was again doomed to disappointment, for when she had finished her second nest and laid two eggs she was again robbed by the natives. We succeeded, however, in protecting the third nest, and the young hatched and were beginning to fly by the end of July, by which time earlier broods were already pretty well grown. During the early part of July, after the males have ceased singing, they keep together in broods, and keep pretty well out of sight, as they are beginning to moult and take on the fall plumage. About July 25, however, they appear in considerable numbers, mostly young of the year in the gray plumage, associating with the young Lougspurs around the empty village and about the native camps. They continue quite abundant in large loose flocks, generally through August, gradually becom- iug scarcer in September. The last one was seen in 1882, on September 20. We left them still comparatively plenty when we abandoned the station in 1883. 187. CENTROPHANES LAPPONICUS (Linn.) Caban. Lapland Long-spur (Nessaiidliga). The Lougspurs, though, if anything, more abundant than the last species, arrive later and depart earlier. They arrived both seasons at very nearly the same date, and were equally abundant. Ou May 20, 1S82, which was a comparatively warm day with a fresh southwest wind, they suddenly appeared in considerable numbers, having probably arrived during the night, apparently all males, in full song. They were to be found on all the bare spots on the tundra, near the station, along the coast, and near the cemetery at the head of the lagoon. Several were secured, and their stomachs were found to containbeetles. The sexual organs were fully developed. They were rather less abundant early in the season of 18S3, as there was much less bare grouud than the year before at the time of their arrival, May 21. Though abundant a short distance inland, these birds were seldom seen around the station or along the edges of the beach and the lagoons, like the Snow-buntings. In accordance with what appears to be their general habit elsewhere, they are specially to be looked for on the higher and drier parts of the tundra, where the nest is built in the grass, and not concealed in holes or crevices, like those of the snow-buntings. During the breeding season, that is, from the time of their arrival till July 1, the males keep up a continual song, frequently soaring up and singing in the air like a bobolink. Their note at other times is a metallic chirp, not unlike that of the Titlark. Notwithstanding the lateness of the season in 1883, a complete set of six eggs, already showing signs of incubation, was found on June 6, a week earlier than in 18S2. This nest was the only one EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 107 found on a mud-bank, and partially concealed by a clod, though not so completely as a Snow-bunt- ing's nest would have been. They appear to raise sometimes two broods in a season, as a nest has been found as late as June 21 containing only two eggs. We never found more than six eggs in any nest of this species, and sets of five were frequently found far advanced in incubation. The first newly-hatched young were noticed about the middle of June. Like the Snow-buntings they keep themselves pretty well out of sight during the first half of July, but from then through August appear in considerable numbers, congregating with the Snow-buntings round the village and native camps. The young, some of which are fully fledged by the middle of July, gather in large loose flocks, and appear to remain later than the adults. They go off gradually near the latter part of August, and were last seen in 1882 on the 4th of September. We left them still quite abundant in 18S3, when we abandoned the station. 207a. ZONOTRICHIA G-AMBELI INTERMEDIA Ridgw. Intermediate White-crowned Sparrow. This bird, which is common in the Yukon region and on the lower Mackenzie, occurs at Point Barrow only as a straggler. A single individual, which Mr. Eidgway has identified as the young of the year of this species, was caught in one of the tents at the station September 14, 1883, a solitary instance to be compared with the northward autumnal wanderings of the Bank-swallows. 217. JUNCO HYBMALIS (Linn.) Scl. Black Snowbird (SiVksaxia). This is another straggler from the Yukon region and the wooded interior of Alaska, where Mr. Ball found it not uncommon during his stay at Nulato. The solitary instance of its occurrence near Point Barrow was on May 24, 1883, when a male, apparently ready to breed, was taken not far from our station. 406. NYCTEA SCANDIACA (Linn.) Newt. Snowy Owl (ffkpik). This bird may be fairly considered a resident of these regions, although in the depths of the winter it retreats with the ptarmigan back to the " deer country," that is, the valleys of the large rivers running into the Arctic Ocean east of Point Barrow. Its abundance in the spring and summer near the coast appears to depend on the presence or absence of its favorite food, the Lemming, as has been noted elsewhere by Mr. Nelson. During the season of 1882 we saw no Lemmings, though signs of their presence in the shape of droppings, and their skulls and skeletons in owl's castings, were numerous all over the tundra. During that season we saw but very few owls. On the other hand, in 1883, Lemmings were exceed- ingly plenty all round the station, and owls were proportionately abundant; scarcely a day passed without one or more being seen sitting on the tundra, generally on the top of a bank or small knoll, on the lookout for Lemmings. They were exceedingly shy and watchful, and, though seen and pursued nearly every day, only two were taken. One of these made a regular habit of coming every afternoon at about the same time and set- tling himself in plain sight of the station on the opposite bank of the lagoon. For nine days ho came regularly, and afforded much sport to several members of our party, who would go out regu- larly to capture him with rifle or shotgun, and as regularly return baffled. He was at last secured by two men, one of whom attracted his attention while the other managed to creep up within gun- shot under cover of a bank. These birds showed no signs of breeding while in our neighborhood. Some of the Eskimos said they 'could get the eggs from a camping-ground towards the southwest, but they failed to do so. 108 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 412b. HIEROFALCO GYRFALCO SACER (Forst.) Ridgw. McFarlane's Gyrfalcon (Ki'driffumtfi). The only hawk, obtained by the expedition has been identified by Mr. Bidgway as this form, and was taken at the station, where he had alighted on the flagstaff', iu the autumn of 1S82. Hawks were occasionally seen during both seasons, 18S2 and 1S83, but were always very wild and difficult to approach. Occasionally they were seen close enough to be recognized as Gyrfalcon?, probably of the same form as the one captured. The natives say that they are abundant on the rivers flowing into the Arctic Oceau, where they feed on young wild-fowl and ptarmigan. They say they breed " umasiJcsu, n "a long way off." One man said that he had seen the nest and eggs. 449. AQUILA CHRYSiETUS CANADENSIS (Linn.) Ridgw. Golden Eagle {Tinmiukpulc). We never saw this bird alive during our stay at Point Barrow, and it is only included iu this list because we obtained a native-made skin from some natives who went last summer to the east- ward of the Colville Eiver, where they secured the bird. There were one or two other skins in the two villages, where they were in great repute as talis- mans or charms for securing good luck in whaling. There were also many wing and tail feathers among the natives, who use them as ornaments to their fur jackets. 474. LAGOPUS ALBUS (Gm.) And, Willow Ptarmigan (Alcu'dagm). This species is resident but never very plentiful. Tracks were always to be seen on the snow during the winter, but the birds themselves were less often seen, while they were frequently seen in pairs during £he breeding season, though the nest was never found. They were always wild and difficult of approach, so that comparatively few were obtaiued. They were found to be quite abundant among the willow shrubs inland along the rivers, and Lieu- tenant Eay found them numerous at the mouth of Meade Eiver, May 1. An occasional male begins to show traces of brown feathers about the head and neck as early as the first week in April, and the change is very gradual. The last that was seen (July 10) still showed a considerable amount of white in the plumage, and it is possible that the change is never complete. The females taken all appeared more com- pletely changed than the males. We found the meat as tasteless and insipid as other observers have found it. These birds in the fall were occasionally seen sitting on the broken ice along the beach. 475. LAGOPUS RUPESTRIS (Gm.) Leach. Eock Ptarmigan (AkxVdagin). The Eock Ptarmigan is a much less plentiful resident than the foregoing, from which the natives do not distinguish it. As far as we could judge its habits are the same. One or two were obtained, one a female, which had evidently bred not far from the station, though the nest was not found. 509. STREPSILAS INTERPRES (Linn.) Illig. Turnstone (TuU'gua). This species was found to be decidedly scarce, both years, during the spring migrations aud the breeding season. We occasionally saw one or two inland, but were unable to secure any till about the 10th or 11th of July, at which time they appeared at Perguiak, straggling adults, who had fin- ished breeding and were beginning to molt. Early in August, the youug appeared in considerable EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 109 numbers along the coast, near the station and round the muddy puddles in the village, and were quite abundant for two or three weeks. They were exceedingly tame, and for several nights in the middle of August, 1882, three or four came round the hack door and the cook's refuse heap, making themselves perfectly at home, and allowing one to approach within a few feet of them before they took flight. Towards the end of August they grew scarcer, and finally disappeared, in 1882, about the 30th. As the Black Turnstone (8. melanoccphala) is such a common bird in the Yukon region and south of Bering Strait generally, one would naturally expect to find it at Point Barrow, particularly as Mr. Nelson reports it from Wrangel Island. Nevertheless, during the two seasons of our stay at Point Barrow, we did not obtain the slightest evidence of its occurrence in the region. 513. SQUATAROLA HELVETICA (Linn.) Cuv. Blaok-bellied Plover (Ki-raion). This plover is quite rare. It was occasionally seen and heard in the season of 1882, but none were noticed the next summer, and none were secured. The natives are perfectly familiar with the bird, and use the dried skins as amulets or talismans to secure good luck in deer-hunting. Two such skins tied to a stick represent the species in our collection. The natives told us this bird would arrive later than the Golden Plovers, and this appeared to be the case. 515. CHARADRIUS DOMINICUS Mull. American Golden Plover (Tu'dlin.) A large series of Golden Plovers collected at Point Barrow, where they are among the com- monest waders, all proved upon careful examination, to belong to this species. It is probable that C. dominions fulvus does not range so far north on the American coast. Indeed, Mr. Nelson's note of the occurrence of this form on Wrangel Island seems to me to bo rather doubtful, as from his account the bird was only seen and not captured, rendering identifi- cation amost impossible. They are among the earlier waders to arrive, as stragglers generally appear about the 20th to the 25th of May, before there is much bare ground. In 1882 a small party in full breeding plu- mage, and apparently all males, arrived May 21, but no more arrived until June 11. The tundra, was at this time bare only along the edge of the beach, and the ice and snow was not yet gone from the lagoons. This party remained in nearly the same place for a couple of weeks, feeding on small red worms which they found in marshy spots, and all but two of them were taken, although they were very wild. Along through the first and second week in June they continue to arrive in small parties, and from that time on are quite plenty scattered in pairs and threes all over the tundra. They are very wild and difficult to approach, and very noisy. In addition to their ordinary well-known call- note, they have in the breeding season a loud but very melodious crv of " Tud'ling !" many times repeated, uttered as the bird flies along rather high, with long slow strokes of the wings. They were evidently nesting both seasons before June 20, but neither season were we able to find the nest before the 22d or 23d. The nest is exceedingly hard to find, although it is not con- cealed at all, but is simply a depression in the bare black clayey tundra lined with a little dry moss. The only vegetation on this part of the tundra is white and grayish moss, which harmonizes so extraordinarily with the peculiar blotching of the eggs that it is almost impossible to see them unless one knows exactly where to look. A favorite nesting site is on the high banks of the gul- lies or small streams. No nests were ever found in the grass or in swampy ground. The sitting birds show great solicitude when disturbed, feigning lameness, and trying to attract one away from the nest. They are shrewd enough always to keep quite a distance from the nest, as long as the collector is anywhere in the vicinity of it, and it is simply time wasted to attempt to find the nest by looking for it, as I know by hard experience. The only way to make sure of the 110 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. eggs is to withdraw some distance, and sifc down patiently and wait for tbe bird to go back to ber eggs, watching ber if necessary with a field-glass. Having marked her on to the nest, one must walk towards it in a straight line, looking neither to the right nor the left and keeping his eyes fixed upon the spot she rises from. He is then pretty sure of the eggs. However, the surface of the tundra is so uniform that a careless glance to one side or the other after the bird is flushed may throw the collector wholly off the track, and then he has to go back and wait for the bird to return again. Both males and females take a share in the incubation. In 1882 the sitting bird was fre- quently secured with the eggs, and in every case turned out to be a male; but in 1883 a number of sitting females were taken, and finally, in one or two cases, both parents were taken with the eggs, and both males and females had their breasts bare, as if incubating. The nesting season continues till the first or middle of July, about which time the adults begin to collect in flocks, feeding together around the ponds on the higher tundra, associated sometimes with a few Knots or a straggling Curlew. The old birds leave for the south about the end of July, and no more Plovers are to be seen till about the middle of August, when the young, who heretofore have been keeping out of sight, scattered over the tundra, gather into flocks, and for several days are quite plenty on the dryer hills and banks, after which they depart. Stragglers may he seen up to the end of August. 528a. MACRORHAMPHTJS GRISETJS SCOLOPACEUS (Say) Coues. Red-bellied Snipe; Geeatek Geay-back. A few of these birds bred near the station, but they are decidedly rare during the breeding season. The young of the year, however, appear in large flocks about the middle of August and stay for a few days about the small ponds on the tundra, especially on the high land below Cape Sin v the. At this season they are rather plenty, and when feeding associate with the young Dunlins and Grass-birds. They were much less abundant in 18S3 than they were the previous season. The nest was never found, although a pair were taken June 28, 1883, that were evidently nest- ing, as both had their breasts plucked and bare, showing that, as in the case of the Golden Plover, the male does his share of the work of incubation. In the spring of 1882 a native boy brought in a female of this species, and what, he said, were the eggs. This was accepted without question at the time, although the eggs seemed rather small for the size of the bird. A further acquaintance with the eggs of some of the smaller waders led to considerable doubt, which was justified by comparison of the set with authentic eggs of this species in the National Museum. The eggs are certainly not those of this species, but closely resemble those of the Dunlin. The bird appears but little known to the natives, and as usual in such cases we had various names applied to it. Many thought it was a Northern Phalarope (Sabraiina). 529. TRING-A CANUTUS Linn. Knot; Robin Snipe (Tiia-icia). The Knot appears to be quite rare about Point Barrow. Only a few of the natives to whom one was shown recognized it and had a name for it. In the season of 1883 only one was seen, appearing with a rather large flight of small waders. They were rather more abundant during the preceding season, and evidently bred somewhere in the vicinity, as a female was taken on July 11, with full-sized yolks in her ovaries. The nest, however, was never found. The adults were not seen after July 5, and not one of the young appeared in the flocks of young waders in the fall. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Ill 534. ACTODROMAS MACULATA (Vieill.) Coues. Pectoral Sandpiper (Aibvmkia = Walrus-bird). Though, this species is very common over the whoie continent, and in fact over the greater part of the world, its eggs and breeding habits have hitherto been undescribed.* Wo had the good fortuue to find them breeding in considerable abundance in the neighborhood of the station, and were able to bring home a good series of authentic eggs. It is one of the commonest of our waders, occurring all over the tundra in all sorts of situa- tions, though never found on the beach. There is frequently a great disparity of size between the two sexes. A comparison of the large series we collected shows that the average length of the female is about three-quarters of an inch less than that of the male, but that the smallest adult female was fully an inch and a half shorter than the largest male. The difference in size is so marked that the natives noticed it and insisted that the small females were not Aibwukia, but Niwiliwilulc {Ereunetes xmsilhis). They arrive about the end of May or early in June, and frequent the small ponds and marshy portions of the tundra along the shore, sometimes associated with other small waders, especially with the Burl-breasted Sandpipers on the high banks of Nuuava. Early in the season they are frequently in large-sized flocks feeding together around and in the Eskimo village at Cape Smythe, but later become thoroughly scattered all over the tundra. They begin pairing soon after their arrival, and are frequently to be seen chasing each other in the air with a loud chatter. The male has a curious habit at this season of the year. The skin of the throat is much distended and loaded with slimy fat, and can be puffed out like the throat of a pouter pigeon. During the breeding season, that is from the first of June to the first of July, the male may frequently be seen taking short, low flights, with the wings held high and beaten stiffly, while the throat is puffed out to its fullest extent, and the bird utters a most peculiar muffled hoot <'hoo, hoo, hoo, hoo, 1 ' many times repeated. There is something ventriloquial about the sound, which makes it seem as if uttered by some creature a long distance off, and it was some time before we could be certain that it was the Pectoral Sandpipers that were making the noise. This hoot is only uttered on the wing as far as I was able to observe, though the males may be often seen to puff out their throats as they sit on the little knolls. They get their native name "Aibicukia," the " walrus bird," from this habit of swelling out their throats, like u AibwiVc, v the walrus. After the breeding season, they keep very quiet and retired, like the rest of the waders, and the adults appear to slip quietly away without collecting into flocks, as soon as the young arc able to take care of themselves. As soon as the young have assumed the complete fail plumage, that is about the 10th of August, they gather in large flocks with the other young waders, especially about the small ponds on the high land below Cape Smythe, and stay for several days before they take their departure for the south. Stray birds remain as late as the first week of September. The nest is always built in the grass, with a decided preference for high and dry localities like the banks of gulleys and streams. It was sometimes placed at the edge of a small pool, but always in grass and in a dry place, never in the black clay and moss, like the Plover and Buff-breasted Sandpipers, or in the marsh, like the Phalaropes. The nest- was like that of the other waders, a depression in the ground lined with a little dry grass. All the complete sets of eggs we found contained four. The following is a description of the eggs, obtained from the examination of eighteen sets. They are pointedly pyriform like those of the other small waders. *Since the above was written, Mr. E.W. Nelson, formerly United States Signal Service observer at Saint Michael's, Alaska, has published (Auk, Vol. I, No. 3, pp. 218-224) an excellent detailed account of the breeding habits of this species, as observed by him in the delta of the Yukon. His observations agree very closely with ours, except that he observed the male bird "hooting" while on the ground. The observations of Dr. Adams, quoted by Mr. Nelson, had escaped my notice as well as his. The note, however, merely states that drawings made by Dr. Adams, and representing the rualo bird with his throat puffed out, were exhibited at a meeting of the Zoological Society, so that to Mr. Nelson belongs the credit of first making and publishing complete observations on the subject. 112 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. The following measurements, in inches, indicate the size, shape, and limits of variation : 1.58 by 1.06 ; 1.44 by 1.11 ; 1.42 by 1.08 ; 1.54 by 1.02. In color and markings tbey closely resemble the eggs of the other small waders. The ground color is drab, sometimes with a greenish tinge, though never so green as in the egg of P. alpina nmericana and sometimes a pale bistre-brown. The markings are blotchings of clear umber brown, varying in intensity, thickest and sometimes confluent around the larger end, smaller and more scattered at the smaller end. Some of the eggs with brown ground are thickly blotched all over. A single egg in one set of four has the markings almost as tine as in A. bairdi, but the egg is larger and has not the characteristic ruddy hue. All the eggs have the usual shell markings of pale purplish gray and light neutral tint. The eggs may be distinguished from those of the Buff-breasted Sandpiper, which they closely resemble, by their warmer color. Most of the eggs obtained were collected in 1883. The first nest was taken on June 20, a full set of eggs slightly incubated. Although eggs were found to contain large embryos as early as June 28, perfectly fresh eggs were found July 6, and the last eggs brought in, July 12, contained only small embryos. 536. ACTODHOMAS FUSCICOLLIS (Vieill.) Ridgw. Bonaparte's Sandpiper (Kai'nialu). This is the first record of the occurrence of this species west of the Mackenzie Bivcr region, where McFarlane found it breeding, and it appears to be hardly more than a straggler at Point Barrow. It was not observed in the spring of 1882, and an accident revealed its presence in 1883. A shot fired June G into a flock of Pectoral Sandpipers brought down one of these birds along with four or five of the other species, After this, of course, a careful lookout was kept for this species, but only one other was seen, just a month later, alone on the tundra. The bird was also secured. Both were males and appar- ently breeding birds. 537. ACTODROMAS BAIRDI Coues. Baird's Sandpiper (Ai'bw4Ma). Though this little sandpiper is by no means uncommon, the natives seem to make no dis- tinction between it and A. maculata, calling both by the same name. They arrive about May 30, while there is still a good deal of snow remaining on the tundra, and are usually to be found along the edgesof the pools at the top of the beach. After the tundra becomes clear of snow, they retreat back from the beach and are especially to be looked for on dry grassy portions of the tundra, particularly along the shores of our lagoon. They are never very common and always solitary or in pairs, a quiet retiring little bird that never indulges in any of the conspicuous breeding antics noticed among the other waders. The nest was always well hidden in the grass, and never placed in marshy ground or on the bare black parts of tundra, and consists merely of a slight depression in the ground thinly lined with dried grass. All the eggs we found were obtained from the last week in June to the first week of July, a trifle later than the other waders. The sitting female when disturbed exhibits the greatest solicitude, running about with droop- ing outspread wings, and loud outcry, and uses every possible wile to attract the intruder from the eggs. The nest is so well concealed, and forms so inconspicuous an object that the only practical way to secure the eggs is to withdraw to one side and allow the sitting bird to return, carefully marking where she alights. Having done this on one occasion and failing to find the eggs, after flushing the bird two or three times, I discovered that I had walked on the eggs, though I had been look- ing for them most carefully. They leave after the breeding season in the same unobtrusive way that they have conducted themselves during all their stay, never collecting into flocks. We saw them occasionally during July. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 113 539a. PELIDNA ALFINA AMERICANA Cass. Eedbacked Sandpiper (Mc'a-lmpin.). This species is common and breeds abundantly, although the nest is exceedingly hard to find, as the nesting birds are very wary and use every possible strategem to mislead one while looking for the eggs. They arrive about the end of May. In 18S2 they first appeared above tlie station in small flocks associating with the Golden Plovers, but the next spring the snow was slow in going off from tbis part of the tundra, and they were first noted below the village. Some of them, perhaps, arrive paired, but the majority are pairing soon after their arrival, to judge by their actions. They scatter in pairs and threes all over the tundra, where there is still at ' this time a good deal of snow, and chase each other with much noise, taking wing suddenly without cause for alarm. One will occasionally "set" his wings while in the air and soar for some distance, uttering a note quite different from the usual hoarse, rolling call. As the tundra gradually clears of snow, they become more scattered and spread farther inland, deserting the shores of the beach lagoons, although they hardly confine themselves as much to the dry portions of the tundra as the Baird's Sandpipers are in the habit of doing. Their rolling call through June is to be heard all day and every day, and reminds one of the notes of the frogs in New England in spring. In fact, some members of the party came home the first spring convinced that they had heard the frogs piping. The nest, which is like that of all the rest of the waders, is always placed in the grass, some- times in dry and sometimes in rather swampy places, but never on the black tundra or on the isthmuses between the ponds like the Phalaropes. The eggs were first described from the Mackenzie region, by Eichardson (Fauna Boreali- Americana, II, 3S3), but appear to be still little known in collections. Both parents share in the work of incubation, though we happened to obtain more males than females with the eggs. The young are pretty generally hatched by the first week in July, and both adults and young keep pretty well out of sight till the first of August, when they begin to show about the lagoons and occasionally about the beach, many of the young birds still downy about the head. The autumn flight of young birds appears about the middle of August, associating with the young A. maculata and M. griseus scolopaccus, in good- sized flocks, particularly about the pools on the high tundra below Cape Smythe. They continue plenty in these localities, sometimes appearing along the beach, for about a week, when the greater part of them depart, leaving only a few stragglers that stay till the first few days of September. 540. PELIDNA SUBARQUATA (Guld.) Cut. Curlew Sandpiper. The Curlew Sandpiper has never been before noted as occurring anywhere in America except upon the Atlantic coast, where it is a rare straggler. I had the good fortune to capture a male in full breeding plumage, the only one seen, on June 0, 1883. It was in company with a good-sized flock of Actodromas maculata. 541. EREUNETES PUSILLUS (Linn.) Cass. Semipalxated Sandpiper (Niwilucilak). This species is a regular and fairly abundant fall visitor at Point Barrow, coming apparently from the east in large flocks. None were seen either season during the spring migrations or the breeding season, but about the end of July they appeared in large numbers, arriving at Pergniak first and spreading down the coast. H, Ex. 44 15 114 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. They were then quite abundant for two or three clays about the village ponds and in the village itself, and a few stragglers staid on until the middle of August. Though a great many of them were shot, no adults were found either season. 544. LXMOSA LAPPONICA NOV-ffi-ZEALANDLSJ Gray, Pacific Godwit. This species, which is an abundant summer resident at the Yukon mouth and Saint Michael's, where it breeds, only occurs at Point Barrow as a straggler after the breeding season, appearing in August with the flocks of young MacrorJiamplius, Pelidna, &c. It is probably a quite regular though rare visitor, as we saw a few both in 1882 and 1883. Nevertheless, the natives appeared not well acquainted with the bird. Some called it "Tura- tura" (Nutnenim borealis), while others thought it was "Sabramua" (Lobipes liyperboreus). The two that were obtained were both young of the year. This bird has not been previously recorded from the American coast north of Bering Strait. 556. TRY2TGHTES RUPESCENS (Vieill.) Caban. BTJFP-BEEASTED SANDPIPER (NudlllCiyu). This is an abundant summer resident, and was more plenty in the season of 1883 than it was the year before. They arrived both seasous in a body at about the same date (June 6 to 8), and were first seen on the dry banks below the village feeding greedily on the flies and beetles which were out sun- ning themselves. By the middle of June they had spread pretty well over the dryer parts of the tundra, both above and below the station. They were never seen on the lower marshy portions of the tundra, but always confined themselves to the high and dry banks, or what we called the black tundra. The eggs, as might be inferred from their colors, are laid in the latter locality, as a rule, where they harmonize very well with the black and white of the ground and moss. We were unable to find the nest in 1S82, but the nest spring we collected the eggs in considerable abundance. Like the rest of the waders they build no nest, but deposit the four eggs, small end down, in a shallow depression in the ground lined with a little moss. Pour is the usual number of eggs in a complete set, though we collected one set of five. During the greater part of the breeding season, that is, from the time they arrive till the end of June, the males indulge in curious antics, which we had frequent opportunity of observing. A favorite trick is to walk along with one wing stretched to its fullest extent and held high in the air. I have frequently seen solitary birds doing this apparently for their own amusement, when they had no spectators of their own kind. Two will occasionally meet and "spar" like fightiug cocks for a few minutes and then rise together like "towering" birds, with legs hanging loose, for about thirty feet, then drifting off to leeward. A single bird will sometimes stretch himself up to his full height, spread his wings forward, and puff out his throat, making a sort of clucking noise, while one or two others stand by and apparently admire him. They are very silent, even during the breeding season. When they first arrive they are to be found associating with Aetodromas niaculata for a few days. After the breeding season they disappear gradually, never gathering into flocks, but quietly slipping away, and none are to be seen after the first week iu August. 060. NU3MEMIUS BOREALIS (Porst.) Lath Eskimo Curlew {Turd-turd). This is a rather irregular summer visitor and by no means common, although well known to the natives. In the spring of 1SS2 it was the first wader to arrive, but in 1883 we saw none at all. Two flocks of about twelve each arrived on May 20, when there was still much snow on tho tundra and in the lagoons, moving up the beach towards the northeast. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARBOW, ALASKA. 115 No others were seen till the first week in July, when two were noticed, one associating with a flock of Golden Plovers and Knots. One taken at the time was already molting. 563. PHALAROPUS FULICARIUS (Linn.) Bp. Bed Piialarope (>Sdbra n ). One of the commonest birds, remaining till late in October, when the sea begins to close. They arrive early in. June in considerable numbers, and already paired, in full breeding plumage. •As with Phalaropes generally, the female is the larger and brighter bird of the pair. We found it hard to make the natives believe that she was not the male. Dissection, actually showing the eggs in the ovary, was necessary before they would admit the fact. The whole duty of raising and taking care of the brood after the eggs are laid, falls upon the males, who hatch the eggs and take care of the young brood, while the female spends her time away feeding. We never found a female sitting on eggs, or took one with her breast plucked. It was invariably the male bird that was started off the eggs. When these birds first arrive the sea is still closed, and the birds make themselves at home especially round the small ponds. As the snow melts away, they spread out over a greater extent of country, but never go far from the sea, and are always to be found in the wetter grassy portions of the tundra, particularly back of the beach lagoons, where they nest in large numbers. The nest is always in the grass, never in the black or mossy portions of the tundra, and usually in a pretty wet situation, though a nest was occasionally found high and dry, in a place where the nest of the Pectoral Sandpiper would be looked for. A favorite nesting site was a nar- row grassy isthmus between two of the shallow ponds. The nest is a very slight affair of dried grass and always well concealed. Some of the pairs have their full complement of eggs laid by the middle of June, but others are much later, as fresh eggs were obtained as late as June 29, in 1S82. Four is the usual num- ber of eggs in a complete set, although sets of three incubated eggs are to be found. They are exceedingly tame and attractive little birds during the breeding season, paddliug about the little ponds on the tundra in their peculiarly graceful manner, having apparently no fear of man or beast, and keeping up a continual twittering, as if of conversation among themselves. They are at all times a noisy bird, especially when gathered into flocks. They begin to collect in flocks, flying and lighting round the ponds, about the end of June, and continue in flocks through July, though as the sea opens they grow scarce, apparently roam- ing off inland, and out to sea. Late in July, when there were "hardly any to be seen near the shore, I have found rlrjm 7 or 8 miles inland around the lakes in very large flecks, which were gradually assuming the gray winter plumage. The natives said that the Phalaropes went "south," which means " inland," and they would be plenty by and by. The adults appear to leave about the end of July, as the great flocks which stay so late in the fall seem to be all the young of the year. These flocks come off the land about the first week in August, and are to be found along the shore and beach, occasionally feeding and swimming in the ponds back of the beach. Their abun- dance varies a great deal on different days, as they are apparently wandering back and forth a good deal from one feeding ground to another. They are apt to be specially abundant on days when there is much loose ice on and near the shore. When in the fall plumage and collected into flocks, they spend most of the time floating and feeding with their peculiarly graceful dipping motion a few yards from the beach, while a flock will occasionally rise with a sharp twitter and move a few hundred yards to a new feeding ground. They are exceedingly tame and unsuspicious at all seasons, and the Eskimo boys, although their archery is none of the best, succeed in killing a good many of them with their bows and arrows. 5G4. LQ3IFES HYPERBOREUS (Linn.) Cuv. Northern Phalarope (Sabra'iina). Mr. Nelson has already noted the increasing rarity of this species as we proceed towards the north in the Arctic Ocean, although it is the more abundant of the two Phalaropes on the shores 116 EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. of Bering Sea. When we reach Point Barrow it has become merely a rare straggler, although the natives know it well, having become familiar with it during their summer wanderings to the Colville. It was only seen alive on one occasion, June 11, 1883, when a single pair was taken in one of the small tundra pools, such as are frequented by the Bed Phalaropes. As usual the female was the larger and more brightly colored bird. We also secured a native skin from a man who said he had shot the bird in the country of iho Kvmgmudliug people, east of the Colville River, where they arc very plenty. 584. GRUS CANADENSIS (Linn.) Temm. Little Crane (Tut-ti'd-ri-gu). Though abundant about Norton Sound and even as far north as Kotzebue Sound, the Little Crane reaches Point Barrow only as a rare straggler. It was not observed at all during the season of 1882, but two pairs were seen in 18S3 and one of each pair secured. Both of these occurrences were between the middle and end of June, and none were seen in the autumn. The bird was well known to the natives, who say they find them very abundant at the mouth of the Colville. 588. OLOR AMEBICANUS (Sharpless) Bp. Whistling Swan (Ku'g'ru). The swans occasionally seen and frequently spoken of by the natives are probably of this species, as the large Trumpeter Swan is not known west of Fort Yukon (teste Nelson, "Arctic Cruise of the Revenue Steamer Corwin, 1SS1"). They were only noticed once or twice each spring, and the natives say they are uncommon at the sea-coast. They say, however, that they are very plenty u pani" "south," by which they mean 75 or 100 miles inland on the rivers, where, they say, they catch a great many when they have molted their wing feathers. 591a. CHEN HYFERBOREUS ALBATUS (Cass.) Ridgw. Lesser Snow Goose (KuTi-o). All the snow geese taken were of this smaller form. They are not at all common, but are occasionally seen during the spring migrations, that is, from the middle of May to the end of June. They are usually in pairs and small flocks, and generally come off the lantl from the south and go out to sea, as if going out to feed. Once or twice larger flocks came up in the morning and went back again in the afternoon, and occasionally stragglers were found alighting round the pools on the tundra. None of them bred in the neighborhood of the station. 593a. ANSER ALBIFRONS GAMBELI (Hartl.) Coues. American White-peonted Goose (Nu'g> lug' rua). This was our most abundant goose. They are fairly plenty during the spring migrations and ttfew breed. Like the swans they are said to be extremely abundant " south," near Meade River, where many eggs are secured and many geese taken while molting and unable to fly. They arrive about the middle to the end of May (May 10, 1882, and May 25, 1883), and for a couple of weeks are generally to be found in small parties along the lagoons and the small pools which have opened along the crown of the beach. We could be sure to find a few geese every day in a small marshy lagoon above the station, which we got into the habit of calling the " goose pond " from this fact. As the snow cleared off— early in June — they scattered in pairs over the tundra, occasionally feeding together in small parties of half a dozen or so. EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 117 The eggs are always laid iu the black, muddy tundra, often on top of a slight knoll. The nest is lined with tundra moss and down. The number of eggs in a brood appears subject to con- siderable variation, as we found sets of four, six, and seven, all well advanced in incubation. The last laid egg is generally in the middle of the nest, and may be recognized by its white shell unless incubation is far advanced, the other eggs being stained and soiled by the birds coming on and off the nest. We never saw any young birds, and the adults disappeared early iu July, Perhaps tliey go inland to the rivers to molt their flight-feathers. In the fall migrations they were exceedingly rare, a flock or two being seen each season in August. These birds are familiar objects, during the breeding season stalking around the level tundra, where the mirage makes them loom up as big as a man, and their peculiar laughing cry is fre- quently to be heard. At this time they are exceedingly shy and difficult of approach, but when they first arrive can easily be called within gunshot by the rudest imitation of their cry. 596. BBRNICLA NIGRICANS (Lawr.) Cass. Black Brant (Nug'lu'g'nu). The Black Brant appear at the end of the main spring migrations of the water-fowl, but in no very considerable numbers, following the same track as the eiders. A few remain to breed and are to be seen flying about the tundra during June. The nest is placed in rather marshy ground and is a simple depression lined with down, with which the eggs are completely covered when the birds leave the nest. The birds sometimes begin to sit on four eggs and sometimes lay as many as six. After the middle of August they begin to fly across the isthmus at Pergniak, coming west along the shore of Elson Bay, crossing to the ocean and turning southwest along the coast. Whenever during August the wind is favorable for a flight of eiders at Pergniak the brant appear also. They, however, frequently turn before reaching the beach at Pergniak, follow down the line of lagoons and cross to the sea lower down the coast. The adults return first. No young of the year were taken till the end of August. During the first half of September, a good many flocks cross the land at the inlets as 'well as at Pergniak, and are to be seen resting and feeding along the lagoons and pond-holes. At this season they are very shy and hard to approach, and all are gone by the end of Sep- tember. 598. PHILACTE CANAGICA (Sevast.) Bamiist. Emperor Goose. This bird did not occur at Point Barrow, and its name is only inserted here because the expedition received the gift of a skin at Saint Michael's from Lieut. Frederick Schwatka, TJ. S. A. 605. DAFILA ACUTA (Linn.) Bonap. Pintail {Ivwugu). The Pintail does not come to the coast iu anything but small numbers, and probably none breed in the vicinity of the station. One or two small flocks were occasionally seen during the spring migrations in 1882, but none in 1883, until the fall. During the fall migrations, that is through August and early in September, several small parties came down into the little ponds near the village and several were taken. These returning birds were mostly young of the year, and very fat. The natives say that they are very plenty in summer on the larger rivers running into the Arctic Ocean east of Point Barrow, and are very keen of sight and heariug. 118 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 623. HARELDA GLACIALIS (Linn.) Leach. Long-tailed Duck; Old Squaw [A'hadlm, A'dyigia). This was one of our commonest ducks, though never appearing in great flights like the eiders. They are first seen about the middle or end of May, and remain as long as there is any open water in the fall. The seal hunters in 1882 reported seeing these birds as late as December 9, in open holes in the ice-field. Though the first ones arrive-froni the 15th to the 20th of May, they are not plenty till the first week in June, about which time there is a considerable flight, larger flocks passing up to the north- east in the afternoon or evening. The flight-Hocks are never so large as the flocks of eiders, and always go very high, making a great clamor. They are exceedingly noisy all through the spring migrations and the breeding- season. The native name "Ahadlih" is a capital imitation of their ordinary cry. Alter this flight they are to be found in tolerable abundance in all the ponds and pools on the tundra which are free from ice. They appear to have paired before their arrival, and only seldom collect in small parties at some favorite feeding ground like the " goose pond." During the breeding season each pair seems to adopt a pool for its own, and drive out all intruders. At this season they feed almost exclusively on vegetable food, and are fat and in excellent condition for food, with no fishy flavor. They breed in considerable numbers all over the tundra, but the nests are scattered and not easy to find. The nest is always lined with down and generally near a pool. As the open holes begin gradually to form at the outlets of the lagoons, and along the beach, the Old Squaws resort to them in increasing numbers, frequently sitting on the ice. By the first week in July they begin to abandon the tundra and collect in large flocks along the shore. After the ice has broken up and gone away they are to be looked for especially along the shore, although a small party is generally to be found in each of the large lagoons. Through July and August they vary in abundance, some days being very plenty, while for two or three days at a time none at all are to be seen. At this season they fly up and down not far from the shore and light in tbe sea. Towards the end of August they are apt to form large " beds " near the station, and this habit continues in September whenever there is sufficient open water. Many come from the east in September and cross the isthmus at Pergniak, and continue on down the coast to the southwest. We noticed them going southwest past Point Franklin, August 31, 1SS3, in very large flocks. After October 1 they grow scarcer, but some are always to be seen as late as there is any open water. They begin to lay about the middle of June, and downy young were found July 20. 625. POLYSTICTA STELLBRI (Pall.) Brandt. Steller's Duck (Ignilcau'Jcto). Though not common in the sense that the King-ducks and Pacific Eiders are common, this beautiful little duck is far from a rare bird during the late spring and summer at Point Barrow and in the vicinity. The breeding-ground, however, appears to be some distance off. Early in June they are to be found at the " leads" of open water at some distance from the shore, and perhaps the majority of them pass on in this way to their breeding-grounds. From the middle to the end of June they appear on land in small parties scattered over the tundra. At tins time they are in full breeding plumage, and the males arc generally in excess in the flocks. They arc generally to be found in small " pond-holes," frequently sitting on the bank asleep, and are very tame, easily approached within gunshot, and generally swimming together when alarmed, before taking wing, so tbat several can be secured at one discharge. I have stopped a whole flock of five with a single shot. They appear to go off to breed about the end of June, although it is possible that the birds we have on the tundra are non-breeding birds. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 119 Birds, however, that have bred, judging from the looks of the ovaries, begin to come back from the first to the middle of July, appearing especially at Pergniak and flying m small parties up and down the coast. They generally keep to themselves, but are sometimes found associating with small parties of King-ducks. When the open water forms along shore, that is, in the latter part of July and early part ot August, they arc to be found in large flocks along the beach, collecting in "beds" at a safe dis- tance from the shore, feeding on marine invertebrates, especially gephryean worms. These flocks consist almost exclusively of molting females, whose ovaries show that they have bred. The males appear to undergo a fall change of plumage like the other eiders, gradually putting on the brown dress of the females. We were, however, unable to secure any specimens to illustrate tins change. They disappear from the first to the middle of August, and when gathered in large flocks arc exceedingly wild and hard to approach. Though less abundant in the early part of the season of 1S83 than they had been in 1882, they were, on the other hand, much more plenty after the sea opened, and staid considerably later. G26. LAMPHONETTA FISCHERI Brandt. Spectacled Eider. (Ka'tcaso ; $ Tutulu; 5 Yu'lcqhdu). This species has not been ineviously noted north of Bering Straits, but we found it to be a regular though rather rare summer visitor in the vicinity of Point Barrow. They evidently breed not far from the station, as a female was taken June 19, 1883, with an egg in the oviduct just ready for laying. They arrive towards the end of the great spring migrations of eiders, as has been observed at Saint Michael's, in company with the King-ducks and Pacific Eiders, and are occasionally to be seen in pairs and small parties on the tundra, especially on the wetter portions back of the beach lagoons. They were not observed either season in the fall migrations. The young, about three-fourths grown, were taken August 24, 1883, and had the eye-patches even then distinctly indicated. The male in the breeding season has the green feathers of the back of the head developed into a decided nuchal crest, which I do not find mentioned in any of the published descriptions of the species'. I found the iris of the female white, and not hazel or blue as has been stated by other observers. This character is possibly variable. 628. SOMATERIA V-NIGRA Gray. Pacific Eider ( 8 Amau'lm; $ Tcu (jalu'Uun). This species appears to be decidedly less plenty than the succeeding, although it is often diffi- cult to distinguish them, as during the great migrations they frequently associate in large mixed flocks, so that one shot may bring down birds of both species. They arrive later than the King Eiders, not appearing before the middle of May, after which time they are to be taken in every flight, gradually increasing in numbers. Towards the end of the migrations there are occasional days when the flocks seem to be made up almost exclusively of this species. A few small parties are also to be seen loitering around the lagoons, and open pools in the shore ice towards the end of June. During the migrations, they are exceedingly fat and excellent eating. In the autumn they associate with the King Eiders, following the same course at Elson Bay, and frequently sitting in good-sized parties close to the shore. Towards the end of the fall migrations, the change to the fall plumage in the males is pretty well marked. This change of plumage has been noted in this species by Mr. Dall, but beyond his short note, I can find no reference to the change in any history of the species. Unfortunately, no specimens were secured to illustrate this. 120 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. This species does not breed anywhere near the station. The natives say they all go a long distance to the eastward, and there breed in large numbers. As well as we could make out, one extensive breeding-ground is on some sand island, rather more than half-way between Point Barrow and the mouth of the Oolville River. By a curious misnomer, these ducks are known to the whalemen as " canvas-backs"! 629. SOMATERIA SFECTABILIS (Linn.) Boic. King Eider ( 2 Ki'nalin; 2 Annabia). This is by all means the most abundant bird at Point Barrow. Thousands hardly describes the multitudes which passed up during the great migrations, within sight of the station, and yet equally great numbers passed up along the "lead" of open water several miles off shore. They appear in the spring before there is any open water except the shifting "leads" at a dis- tance from the shore, and travel steadily and swiftly past Cape Smythe to the northeast, following the coast. Some flocks cross to the eastward below Point Barrow, but the majority follow the barrier of grounded ice past the point. It is probable, however, that they turn to the east after passing Point Barrow, because all the returning flocks in the autumn come from the east, hugging the shore of the mainland. The first ducks in the spring of 1882 were seen on April 27, a comparatively warm day, with a light southerly wind blowing. They were flying parallel to the coast over the barrier of grounded ice. The natives said they were all "kingaling" "nosy birds" or males (referring to the protuber- ance at the base of the bill), and the first flocks of the migration appear to be composed exclu- sively of males. During the first half of May, 1882, several males came from the south off the land, and gained the ice in a very exhausted condition, frequently so utterly worn out that the natives caught them and killed them Avith sticks. They were all found to be very much emaciated, and their stomachs were einpty of food. The season was later in 1883, and no ducks were seen till May 5. There were six great flights in 1882, the first on May 12 and the last on June 11, and five in 1SS3, the first on Maj' 17 and the last on June 4. As a rule, these flights took place on comparatively warm days, with light westerly or southwesterly winds. On one day each year, however, there was a large flight with a light breeze from the east. A warm southwest wind is pretty sure to bring a large flight of eiders. The flight seldom lasts more than two or three hours, beginning about eight or nine in the morning, or between three and four in the afternoon. More rarely a flight begins about ten in the morning and lasts till afternoon. During the flights, the great flocks in quick succession appear to strike the coast a few miles from the station, probably coming straight across from the Seahorse Islands, and then follow up the belt of level ice parallel to the coast towards Point Barrow, going pretty steadily on their course, but swerving a little and rising rather high when alarmed. Their order of flight was generally in long diagonal lines, occasionally huddling together so that several could be killed at one discharge. A few flocks in a great flight usualy followed up the line of broken ice a mile or two from the shore, and a flock occasionally turned in at the mouth of the lagoon and proceeded up over the land. On the days between the flights and when the wind was east, a few flocks would struggle up against the wind either going up far off the shore or overland ; but most of the birds on " off days" came off the land from the south, and either continued on towards the open water or turned to the northeast along the broken ice. These flocks were never so large as the great flight flocks, and generally flew in more compact order. A few were occasionally seen early in the migrations going back towards the southwest. On many days when tliere were no ducks in shore they flew abund- antly at the "lead" of open water. The majority of them are paired by the middle of May, and the flocks are made up of pairs flying alternately, ducks and drakes. If a duck is shot down, the drake almost invariably follows her to the ice, apparently supposing that she has alighted. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 121 Early in June straggling pairs and small parties nettle about the tundra pools and breed sparingly in the neighborhood of the station. A few nests were found. After the main flight and during the latter part of June a few stragglers and small flocks are to be seen almost daily. Captain Owen, of the steam whaler North Star, who got up to the station June 25, 1S82, reported that the day before there were myriads of eiders of both sexes in the open water off Point Belcher. By the second week in July, before the ice is gone from the sea or from Elson Bay, the males begin to come back in flocks from the east, and from that time to the middle of September there is a flight of eiders whenever the wind blows from the east. The flocks are all males at first, but mixed flocks gradually appear, and the young of the year were first observed in these flocks on August 30, 18S2. Most of the flight birds make no stay but continue on to the southwest, generally a couple of miles out at sea, though they occasionally stop to rest, especially when there is much drifting ice. Between the regular flights they continue to straggle along, coming off the land, and occasionally sitting apparently asleep on the beach. Small flocks and single birds are to be seen till the sea closes, about the end of October, and in 1882 many were seen as late as December 2, when there were many holes of open water. When the birds are flying at Pergniak, it is quite a lively scene, as there is a large summer camp of Eskimos close to the point where the ducks cross when the conditions are fa\-orable. When the wind is east or northeast, and not blowing too hard, the birds come from the east and strike the land at a point which runs out on the shore of the bay about half a mile from Pergniak, close to where the lagoons begin. They would be apt to turn and fly down these lagoons were it not for a row of stakes, set up by the natives, running round the semicircle of the bay to the camp. As soon as the flock reaches this critical point, all the natives, and there may be fifty of them on the watch with guns and slings, just at the narrowest part of the beach above the tents, immediately set up a shrill yell. Nine times out of ten the flock will waver, turn, follow round the row of stakes, and naturally whirl out to sea at the first open place, where of course the gunners are stationed. With a strong wind, however, the ducks do not follow the land, but come straight on from the east and cross wherever they happen to strike the beach, so that the shooting cannot be depended on. The flocks during the fall flight are not so large and do not follow one another in such rapid succession as in the spring, and though they arrive from the east in the same stringing order, they huddle into a compact body as they whirl along the line of stakes and out over the beach. The natives, although as a rule they are far from good shots, are provided with poor guns, and appear particularly averse to putting in enough powder and shot to kill a strong eider duck, nevertheless succeed in capturing a good many with guns and slings. They reap a plentiful harvest of them in the spring, when they are all at home, and the crews of the whaling umiaks out at the open water spend their leisure time while they are waiting for whales in shooting ducks, which form au important article of food. They of course always boil their ducks, as they do all the rest of their food, and usually skin instead of plucking them. They are very fond of the fat which adheres to the skin, scraping it off with their knives industriously till not a particle remains, licking their knives with great relish. The intestines, boiled by themselves, are also considered a great delicacy. The males that appear at Pergniak at the beginning of the autumn migrations are at first in full breeding dress, perhaps a little faded, especially about the bill. As the season advances they show more and more extensive patches of brown feathers, until at the end of the migrations they cannot be distinguished from the females except by the white wing and back patches. I do not find this autumnal change of plumage mentioned in any published account of the species, and it has been questioned on general principles by experienced ornithologists. I accord- ingly give a detailed description of three specimens brought home by our party, which illustrates this process very well. They were all taken on July 26, 1S83, and exhibit three different stages of the change. 1. Museum No. 93,290. Compared with a drake in full breeding dress, all the colors are more dingy. The black of the back has lost its rich velvety gloss, and the remiges and tail-feathers are H. Ex. 44 10 122 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. faded and worn. The cream color of tlie throat and shoulders is much paler, fading almost to white on the bach, and beginning to become mottled with darker patches between the shoulders. The white leathers on the neck are thin and sparse, and drop out very easily, while very young brown feathers are making their appearance among them. The black V on the throat has assumed a " spotty" appearance, caused by the dropping out of some of the black-tipped feathers, so as to expose their white roots. The green feathers of the cheeks are faded, thin, and hairy. The blue- gray of the crown and back of the head appears at first sight to be merely faded, but drawing aside the feathers discloses at their roots a crop of brown feathers rather more advanced than those on the neck. All the feathers of the head and neck except the brown ones fall out A-cry easily and appear faded and worn. The bill has grown dark, the protuberance at its base much shrunken, and the epidermis is coming off the frontal processes, patches only remaining. 2. Museum No. 93,297. The head and neck now show about equal proportions of the new brown feathers and the old light-colored ones. The back between the shoulders and the front part of the throat shows a large proportion of new brown feathers (still growing from the capsule, as may be easily seen by pulling out one or two), and many of the white or cream-colored feathers of the throat have been lost. A few new brown feathers have also appeared at the flanks. 3. Museum No. 93,29S. The white and light-colored feathers are nearly gone from the head and neck, remaining only in a few patches on the cheeks and forehead, while the brown feathers are fairly well developed, so that the fore part of the throat and back is nearly as in the female. The breast is still cream-colored. The drakes grow almost entirely dark before the migrations are ovar, the wing-patches remaining white the longest. The Pacific eider and Steller's duck both undergo a similar change, but wo were unable to secure any specimens to illustrate this. None of the eiders of any species molt their wing- feathers so as to be incapable of flight until after leaving the neighborhood of Point Barrow. 657. PAGOPHILA EBTJRNEA (Phipps) Kaup. Ivory Gull (Nau'yabwun). The Ivory Gull is at best a rare visitor at Point Barrow. Early in the spriug of 1882, Lieu- tenant Eay reported seeing two in full plumage out at the lead of open water, some six miles from the shore. No others, however, were seen or reported until late in the fall, when large numbers of Eosy Gulls were flying up the coast and among them a few of this species, of which one was taken. The bird was not observed in the season of 1883. 660. LARUS GLAUCUS Briinn. Glaucous Gull ; Burgomaster (Nauya). Large gulls, mostly in the immature plumage of this species, were plenty round the statiou from the time we landed up to the middle of October, flying up and down the beach, siltiug on the water, or feeding at the edge of the beach. The first two of the large lagoons were always favorite resorts for the gulls at all seasons when they were open, and even after they were partially frozen gulls were to be seen sitting on the ice. After the middle of October, they became scarcer, sometimes disappearing for days, but a few stragglers remained as long as the sea was open, up to the middle of November. In the autumn of 1882 none were seen after October 18, except one solitary straggler reported November 1. They arrive in the spring, about the first week in May, and during May and June a few are to be seen nearly every day, though they sometimes disappear altogether for a day or two, and occasionally are rather numerous specially round the lagoons and near Pergniak. They always turn out in full force when there is a flight of eiders, and make themselves troublesome by picking up dead and wounded ducks. EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 123 If a duck be shot so that be fall in the water or any not easily accessible place, an hour is generally time enough for him to be reduced to a skeleton by the gulls. They are occasionally to be seen inland, but usually crossing to some particular point, sometimes lighting on the tundra. None breed anywhere near the station, though they are to be seen every day during the breed- ing season. They are rather abundant after the sea opens, and continue so during August and September. The young appear in August. Towards the end of September, when numerous, they have a regular track near the station, flying in over the beach and out over the magnetic observatory. The natives say they find them plenty at the rivers inland when they are killing deer in the summer. They are a favorite bird with the natives, and many are shot in the autumn as they fly up and down the shore. They are also occasionally caught with a baited line in the autumn when there is a light snow on the beach. A little stick of hard-w T ood, about 4 inches long and sharpened at both ends, has attached to its middle a strong line of deer sinew. The stick is carefully wrapped in blubber or meat and exposed on the beach, while the short line is securely fastened to a stake driven into the sand and carefully concealed in the snow. The gull picks up the tempting morsel and swallows it and of course is caught by the stick, which turns sidewise across his gullet, and his struggles to escape fix it more firmly. It was at first supposed that Larus Icucoptenis occurred at Point Barrow, and several gulls iu the collection were identified as belonging to this species. Mr. Howard Saunders, however, the great English authority on the Larida; while in Washington last summer, carefully examined our series, and is of the opinion that they are all referable to L. glaucus, with the exception of one small and very brown immature bird, which he was unable to identify. 661a. LARUS KUMLIEITI Brewster. Lessee Glaucous-winged Gtjll [Nau-ya). The above-mentioned. dark and small immature bird (Museum No. 9330C), which Mr. Saunders was unable to identify, is considered by Mr. Bidgway as probably referable to Brewster's species L. Jcumlieni,* which has hitherto been obtained only from the eastern coast of America. It is not at all unlikely that the species should straggle westward along the northern coast of the con- tinent as Pelidna subarqitata and Actodromas fuscicollis were found to do. Small and dark young gulls were observed quite often with the young Burgomasters iu the autumn, but the above was the only one obtained in a state fit for preservation. 676. RHODOSTETHIA ROSEA (MacGill) Bruch. Boss's Gull {Ka'.nmaxHu). (Plates I and II.) Our expedition succeeded in obtaining a large series of this rare and beautiful bird — more, in fact, than there were before in all the museums of the world. put together — and a still larger series might have been obtained had the weather and other conditions been favorable. Unfortunately, we were able to add very little to the biography of the species, as the birds are simply autumn visitors at Point Barrow, making no stry, but passing rapidly to the northeast. This, however, is the only locality where the birds have been observed in abundance even for a short time, all previous records referring to the capture of sporadic individuals. Iu 1881, from September 28 to October 22, there were days when they were exceedingly abun- dant in small flocks — generally moving towards the northeast — either flying over the sea or making short excursions inshore. Not a single one was seen during the spring migrations or in the summer, but two or three stragglers were noticed early in September — a few out among the loose pack-ice — and on Sep- tember 21, 188.0, they were again abundant, apparently almost all young birds. * See Bull. Nuttall Ornithological Club, viii, No. 4, pp. 214-219, October, 1883. L 124 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. They appeared in large, loose flocks, coming in from the sea and from the southwest, all appar- ently traveling to the northeast. Most of the flocks whirled in at the mouth of our lagoon and circled round the station with a peculiarly graceful, wavering flight, and many were shot close to the house. A cold easterly wind was blowing at the time. They continued plenty for several days — while the east wind blew — all following the same track, moving up the shore, and making short excursions inland at each of the beach lagoons. After September 28 they disappeared until October C, when for several days there was a large flight. On October 9, in particular, there was a continuous stream of them all day long moving up the shore a short distance from the beach and occasionally swinging in over the land. Xone iccre seen to return. The nature of our duties at the station prevented any investigation as to where they came from or whither they went. They appeared to come in from the sea, to the west or northwest, and traveled along the coast to the northeast. They were not observed on Wrangel Island by either the Jeaunette, the Corwin, or the Eodgers, and yet the direction from which they come to Point Barrow iu the fall points to a breeding-ground somewhere in that part of the world. May it not be that some land yet to be discovered, and north of Wrangel Island, will one day yield a glorious harvest of the eggs of this splendid species ? It is difficult to form any idea of what becomes of the thousands that pass Point Barrow to the northeast in the autumn. It is certain that they do not return along the shore as they went. Nevertheless, at that season of the year they must of necessity soon seek lower latitudes. Perhaps the most plausible supposition is that soon after leaving Point Barrow, perhaps when they first encounter the main ice-pack, they turn and retrace their steps so far out at sea as to be unnoticed from the land, and pass the winter at the edge of the ice-field, proceeding north to their breeding-ground as the pack travels north in the spring. Oapt. Everett Smith, of the steam whaler Bowhead, who is a trustworthy witness, reports that when he was in the loose ice, 70 miles northwest of Point Hope, on June 10, 1883, he saw large numbers of these birds. The greater number of the birds we obtained were immature, and probably the young of the year, though in a stage slightly more advanced than the young bird taken by Mr. Nelson at St. Michael's. The few adults that we captured were in a plumage hitherto undescribed, and one in particular was especially beautiful. The following is a description of this specimen : Museum No. 93321, RliodostetMa rosea $ . — White parts everywhere tinged with rose color, except the tail feathers ; rose color somewhat blotchy and approaching salmon color, especially on the crissum. Mantle pearly blue, extending as mottled markings to the back of the head. No traces of the black collar ; a few black marks round the eye. Edge of wing from shoulder to wrist bright rose. Eirst four primaries rose-shafted beneath, third the brightest ; outer web of first primary black nearly to the tip ; fifth to last primary and first secondary, white-tipped ; remaining secon- daries rose-tipped. A few small obscure black markings on the breast. Feet, '-'terra-cotta" red, with brown knuckles and webs. Bill, black. The above description was taken from the freshly-killed bird. The beautiful blush-rose tinge had not, however, faded perceptibly, when the skin was examined a year later. The other adults were in almost the same plumage, but the rose color was much paler and confined to the under parts from the throat to the under tail-coverts. The only adult female secured was the least pink of any of the adults. One specimen. No. 93364, shows a few dark feathers among the upper wing- coverts. Mr. Eidgway makes the rather reasonable suggestion that this is a bird in its second year. Mr. Howard Saunders, in " Ibis " for 1875, has given an excellent description of the immature plumage from two young birds in the Vienna Museum. As, however, these birds differ in some respects from those we collected, I will venture to give a detailed description of our large series. Three specimens (Museum Nos. 93328 S , 93353 o CO H > A. > 2 H c X >. Q D E- E-i > r p Ox < W en o < s H W H cn O Q o EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 125 Below, including lower tail-coverts, white, or slightly tinged with rose-color ; mantle pale pearly blue, extending on. to the sides of the neck and back of the head, which is faintly mottled with dark markings in one specimen ; black and white mottled markings round the eye, extending to the corner of the mouth in one specimen ; small black spot on each side of the neck, while in one case the dark collar of the adult is faintly indicated; forehead in every case white; ruinp more or less mottled with black feathers, occasionally edged with white or pale brown. Upper tail-coverts white, sometimes showing indistinct dark marks towards the tips of the feathers. Tail with a broad black tip about one-fourth of its length. Middle rectrices black-shafted, with this color extending more or less on the webs, continuous with the black of the tip. First, second, third, and fourth primary above, shaft, outer web, and about half of inner web including tip, black, the rest white; one specimen has a large white subapical spot on the fourth primary. Remaining primaries gray at the base, fading into white towards the tip, where there is an oblique black bar across the feather. This bar grows smaller on the successive primaries till the last is wholly white. Secondaries, white. Tertiaries and scapulars dusky black, with white or light-brown edges. Upper wing-coverts, alula, and lower primary coverts black, with white or light brown edges, lower secondary coverts like the mantle. Under surface of the wing nearly uniform, like the mantle. The majority of those taken were in a very similar plumage, but always without the black shafts to the middle rectrices, though the tail is always black-tipped, and one or two show slight black markings on the upper tail-coverts. In two or three specimens the blue of the mantle extends completely around the neck, and two or three have the dark collar faintly indicated, especially on the back of the neck. Two have a few scattered dark feathers in the blue of the mantle, and two have a few on the sides of the neck where the black spots are invariably present. A few speci- mens have the upper wing -coverts indicating a change to the adult plumage. One has a few " mantle-blue" feathers mixed with the mottled ones, and three or four others have about the upper half of the coverts like the mantle. The white markings on the first four primaries are rather variable. One specimen has a small subapical spot on the outer web of the second, a large one on the third, and about half the outer web of the fourth, white. The fourth primary is frequently in this condition when the others are unspotted, and the spot appears occasionally on the third. The outer web of the first appears always to be black. About a third of the birds examined in this stage were more or less tinged with pink, and four-fifths of these were males, so that this may be more or less of a sexual character. Both the specimens examined by Mr. Saunders lack the black tip to the tail so characteristic to this stage of plumage in the autumn. The date of capture of his specimens is unknown, but it is quite possible that they are the young of the previous year after the spring molt. 677. XEMA SABIITBI (J. Sabine) Leach. Sabine's Gull, (Yuku'drigugia). Though by no means uncommon, this bird is somewhat irregular in its occurrence at Point Barrow. In 1881 the young birds of the year, easily recognized by the broad, black band from the shoulder to the tip of the wing, were quite abundant from the time we landed till the end of October. In 1882, however, none were seen after August 3, and they were scarce during the breeding season. On the other hand, though equally scarce in the breeding season of 1883, they appeared in considerable numbers late in July and during the month of August, and were frequently seen in considerable flocks, young and adults together, about the lagoons, and with the other gulls collected round the whale-ships anchored at the Point. They evidently breed somewhere in the neighborhood, probably on the sandy islands east ot Point Barrow, for one was taken June 28, 1882, with the breast bare of feathers, as if incubating, but the eggs were never found. They are usually to be seen flying singly up and down the shore with a peculiarly slow, wavering flight, zigzagging to right and left, and occasionally light upon the water close to the beach. Early in the season they are occasionally found flying some distance inland, and lighting among the tundra pools. 126 EXPEDITION TO POI2ST BARROW, ALASKA. The first stragglers appear in the spring, about tbe first of June. An adult male, in full breeding plumage, taken in June, 18S2, had tbe under parts as rosy as in the Roseate Tern. 687. STERNA MACRURA Naum. Arctic Tern (UtyntdJcin). Tbe Terns appear about the 10th of June, but are never plenty about the station till the month of August, when they appear in good-sized flocks, fishing about the lagoons and among the broken ice, especially in the neighborhood of the sandspit at Point Barrow. During the breeding season we only saw stragglers from the breeding grounds, which are probably the same as those of Sabine's gull, the sandy islands east of Point Barrow, None of our party succeeded in finding the nest, as we were unable to reach these islands, but eggs were brought us by the natives, who said they got them there. The Terns leave early. None were seen after the end of August. 697. STBRCORARIUS POMATORHINUS (Temm.) Vieill. Pomarine Jaeger (Psunu). This is perhaps the least common of the three species of Skuas, although a regular summer visitor. They are to be seen flying about the tundra and occasionally lighting during the months of June, July, and August. None of them breed anywhere near the station. The natives make no distinction between this and the two following species. 698. STBRCORARIUS CREFIDATUS (Banks) Vieill. Richardson's Jaeger (Psunu). This appears to be rather more plentiful than the last species, but is nowhere to be compared in abundance to the following. Tbey are occasionally to be seen during the summer, both before and after the sea opens, flying about with the other Skuas. None breed anywhere near the station, and from the looks of the sexual organs of some taken early in July, they are late breeders. 699. STERCORARITJS PARASITICUS (Linn.) Saunders. Long-tailed Jaeger (Psunu). This is by all means the commonest of the Skuas at Point Barrow and is rather abundant, though none breed. They arrive in the spring, about the end of May, and are tolerably plenty from that time till the end of August. Before the sea opens tbey are to be found on the tundra, where they have a habit of walking about in small parties, feeding on flies. At such times they are not at all shy, and if one be shot down the others are apt to fly back within gunshot, sometimes coming straight at the shooter. They are sometimes to be seen traveling about in large, straggling parties, fifty or more to- gether, moving slowly up or down the coast, occasionally alighting and then taking wing again. The natives say they are " bad " and eat birds' eggs, and they noint out the broken egg-shells which are to be found scattered over tbe tundra as the work of this bird. We never happened to see tbem eating any eggs, but they certainly act as if they were searching for nests, and tbey have been seen in suspiciously close proximity to ducks' nests which were found broken up. Tbeir bad reputation is probably well deserved, as the natives of the Norton Sound region are said to tell the same story. After the sea opens they are rather less abundant, but are still seen occasionally both on land and at sea. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 127 737. COLYMBUS ADAMSI Gray. Gee at White-Billed Loon (Tu'd'Un). The Groat Loon, which, is curiously enough called by the same Eskimo name as the Golden Plover, is a regular summer visitor and probably breeds, though the eggs were never found. They were not often noticed in the season of 1S82, but were quite abundant in 18S3. They are first to be seen about the end of May, or early in June, at the "lead" of open water and flying inland to their breeding grounds. As the sea opens along the shore and open holes are found in the lagoons they are to be looked for in such places, gradually going out to sea as the season advances. They are generally to be seen alone or in pairs, seldom more than three or four together, and are silent birds compared with C. torqiiatas. I only heard this bird " laugh " once during the whole of my stay. The " laugh " appeared to be harsher than that of torquatus. Eully fledged young were seen August 7, 1883. The breeding-grounds are probably around the swamps and lakes some distance inland. C. torquatus, although reported by Mr. Nelson from the shores of the Arctic, was not observed at Point Barrow during our stay there. 739. COLYMBUS PACIFICUS Lawr, • Pacific Diver (Ka'ksau). All the black-throated loons we obtained proved upon examination to be this species, so that this is probably the only one that occurs. The natives make no distinction between this and the next species, and they are both very common birds. Their peculiar harsh cry, "kok, kok, kok," from which they get their name, "Kak- sau," is to be heard all summer, and the birds were seen nearly every day, flying backwards and forwards and inland from the sea. During the breeding season these smaller loons have a habit of getting off alone in some small pond and howling like a fiend for upwards of half an hour at a time. It is a most blood-curdling, weird, aud uncanny sort of a scream, and the amount of noise they make is something wonderful. They can be heard for miles. They arrive early in June, and before the ponds are open are generally flying eastward as if they had come up along the open water at sea and were striking across to the mouths of the rivers at the east. As the ponds open they make themselves at home there, and evidently breed in abundance, though we were unable to find the nest. One of their breeding grounds was evidently a swampy lagoon some five or six miles inland, but the nests were inaccessible. After the breeding season they are frequently to be seen in the open pools along the shore, especially when the lagoons have broken out. They are always very wild and difficult to secure. They are plenty through August and the greater part of September along the shore, and occa- sional stragglers remain round open holes well into October. Some appeared to be feeding young as late as the middle of September, 1882, as they were seen going inland from the sea carrying small fish. 740. COLYMBUS SEFTENTRIONALIS Linn. Red -throated Diver (Kd'Jcsau). This species is quite as common as the foregoing, and appears to have precisely the samo habits. The only identified loons' eggs we obtained were of this species, and were brought in with the parent bird from a sfream some miles east of the point. The natives also brought in from time to time both seasons a number of eggs of the Kaksau, and these all appeared to be this species. 128 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 760. URIA GRYLLE (Linn.) Briinn. Black Guillemot (Su'laibicu). During the seasou of open water we only saw one or two of these birds, always in full black plumage, and at some distance from the shore. In November and December, however, in fact as long as there are any pools and "leads" of open water, these birds in winter plumage are to be found in considerable numbers, usually in small flocks. They only leave us when the ice becomes solidly packed by the winter gales, and curiously enough are not to be found during the spring migra- tions. A number were taken in the winter of 1882, and with one exception were all the young of the year. 764. LOMVIA ARRA (Pall.) Bp. Thick-billed Guillemot {A'tpa). This species, the "Crowbill" of the whalemen, reaches Point Barrow only as a rather rare straggler. They were sometimes seen at the lead of open water in the early spring and during the summer at some distance from the shore. One Avas taken as late as December 9, 1882, out among the broken ice by one of the seal hunters. We found them quite plenty at the Seahorse Islands on our return voyage, and of course extremely abundant about Cape Lisburne. III.-FISHES. By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. Fishes were scarce in the neighborhood of the station, and the shortness of the open season rendered collecting exceedingly difficult. Tbe marine species were almost all obtained from the natives, who caught them while fishiug for food through the ice. The fresh- water ponds and small streams around Point Barrow are quite barren of fish life, and the fresh-water species in the collection ccme from the great rivers east of Point Barrow, whence they were brought in frozen in the fall and early spring. Dr. Tarleton H. Bean has kindly identified the species of tbe difficult genera Gymnelis, Lycodes, Liparis, and Coitus, and has verified the writer's identification of the other species. GASTEKOSTEIDJG. 1. GASTEROSTEUS PUNGITIUS L. subsp. BEACHYPODA Bean. On December 1, 18S2, Capt. E. P. Hereudeen brought in a number of large burbot (Lota) from Meade River and Kuaru, both streams flowing into the Arctic Ocean east of Point Barrow. On preparing these for the table, one or two were found to have their stomachs literally crammed full of sticklebacks, which on examination proved to belong to this species. They were most of them fresh enough for preservation. GADIDJE. 2. BOREOGADUS SAIDA (Lepech.) Bean. This species was found to be quite plenty close to the station at most seasons of the year. We first saw them early in October, 1881, when the natives brought down large numbers from Point Barrow, where they had been washed up on the beach. Usually during the latter part of October and early in November, after the sea has closed, and when tide-cracks form along the shore, the natives generally catch a good many of them at the very edge of the beach in about a foot of water. They use a short line of whalebone to which is attached a small lure made of blackened ivory, which roughly represents an amphipod crustacean, and is armed with a barbless hook. After this, no more are caught till after the return of the sun, early in February. The natives say that they go away, and it is quite probable that they leave the shore and go off into deeper water. If there were any fish to be caught, the natives would undoubtedly fish for them during the winter months, as at this season they are frequently hard pressed for food. Early in February, they become exceedingly abundant in about 15 fathoms of water, wherever there is a level field of the season's ice not over 4 feet in thickness, inclosed between rows of hum- mocks of broken ice. Such a field as this was formed in the winter of 1882, and remained unchanged from February till about the middle of May, when the ice began to soften and melt on the surface. Large numbers of the natives from the Cape Smythe village, especially women and children, resorted 12!) H. Ex. U 17 130 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA, to this field nearly every day and caught these fish literally by the bushel. The method of winter fishing is as follows: A hole about IS inches square is cut through the ice, and through this is let down a long line made of strips of whalebone, and provided with a sinker of lead or copper and two small pear-shaped "jigs" of bright copper or walrus-ivory, armed with four barbless copper hooks. The reel on which the line was wound and which is a stick about 18 inches loug serves as a rod, being held in one hand, while a long-handled scoop is held in the other hand and is used to keep the hole clear of ice. The jigs are kept close to the bottom and the line is continually jerked up a short distance and allowed to sink again. The fish are attracted by the bright "jig," and "nosing" round it are caught by the upward jerk. The line is reeled up on the two sticks, held one in each hand, so that it never has to be touched with the fingers, and the fish is adroitly jerked off the hook on to the ice. No such field, or "fishing ground," as we were in the habit, of calling it, was formed in 1883, and only comparatively few fish were caught. Early in July, when open holes of water form along the shore at the outlets of the lagoons, the fish are again to be found in considerable abundance. The young fry were first noticed about the middle of July, and were quite plenty in the shallow water at the edge of the beach. Young fish, two to three inches long, were taken at the head of our lagoon, which is brackish, about the first of September, aud at about the same time the full-grown fish were plenty along the beach in about 3 fathoms of water, swimming about in large, loose schools. 3. TILESIA GRACILIS (Tiles.) Swainson. We found this species abundant along the shore at St. Michael's, and caught a good many with hook and line. 4. LOTA MACULOSA (Le S.) Ricb (Tttdle.) This species was abundant in Meade River and Kuaru. The natives catch many large ones through the ice with hook and line. They are exceedingly voracious, and Captain Herendeen caught one in his net which had swallowed a white fish already caught in the net and then managed to entangle himself. The season for catching them is in October and November, and again in February, March, and April. They are generally considered rather a refuse fish, and worthless for food, but we found that they made a very palatable chowder. LYCODID.ZE. 5. G-YMNELIS VIRIDIS (Pabr.) Reinhardt. A small specimen was found washed up. on the beach September 13, 1882. Its colors when fresh were two shades of orange, with the spot at the beginning of the dorsal fin black, edged with white. 6. LYCODE8 TURNERII Bean. {Kuxrauna.) Two specimens were obtained, having been caught by the natives while "jigging" Polar cod through the ice. The following color-notes were made while the fish were fresh. Collector's No. (metal tag) 6; Museum No. 33,922 $ : Ground-color a rather light-reddish chocolate, shading into a reddish brown on the belly. Head, underneath, white. Lower edges of pectorals and ventrals, rufous red. In- terrupted band from eye to edge of operculum, brownish cream-color edged with chocolate. Cres- cent-shaped band on top of head, same color. Ten lateral bands of the same color with dark edges, broken on the side of the body and appearing as spots. IndJstiuot tip to caudal. Creamy spot on pectoral, near root. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 131 Collector's No. 26, Museum No. 33924 S ; Large. Marked ou the same general pattern as the female, but with, only seven lateral bauds. All the markings smaller and obscured. General color a brighter red, approaching scarlet. 7. LYCODES COCCINEUS Bean. (Kuxrauna.) This species was obtained with the preceding, and one large specimen was washed up on the beach. A small specimen had the following colors when fresh: Collector's No. 7, Museum No. 33,923 . 402. Proc. Acad. Nat, Soi., Phila., xii, p. 25. Proceedings Royal Irish Acad., viii, p. 68. Zwcito Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt, ii, p. 271. ( Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 146. Annals and Magazino of Natural History, scr. 4, xix, p. 133. Anuals and Magazine of Natural History, xx, p. 60. Deukschrifton der kaiserliche Akadciu. der Wissenschaften, Wien, xxxv. p. 26. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., v, p. 56. Anuals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vii, p. 46. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 695, 713. Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vi, pp. 219, 224. Crangon boreas. Bell Gheraphilus boreas, Kinahan Cra ngon boreas, Liitken Crangon (Chcraphilus) boreas, Miers Ceraphilus boreas, Smith One good-sized specimen was picked up on the beach near the station. The species was dredged in considerable numbers, both large and small, in 13 1 fathoms, off Point Franklin, aud a few large ones were the only Crustacea taken off Port Clarence. It is well known from Arctic and northern seas generally. 7. NECTOCRANGON LAR (Owen) Brandt. Tear. Name. Citations. 1839 1842 1851 1860 1867 1874 Argis lar, Kroyer Nectocrangon lar, Stimpson Argis lar, Packard Zoology of Beechey's Voyage, p. 88, pi. xxxviii, fig. 1. Nat. Tids., i K., iv.'p. 255, figs. 45-62.. Sibirische Reise, Zoiil., 115 (teste Stimpson). Proc. Acad. !Nat. Sci., Phila., xii, p. 25. Mem. Lost. Soc, Nat. Hist., 1, p. 302. On recent deep-sea dredging in tho Gulf of St. Lawrence, from Amer. Journ. of Science and Arts, vii, p. 215 (5). (Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 146. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., v, p. 61. Voga-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, p. 713. Proc. TJ". S. Nat. Mus., vi, pp. 219, 225. 1875 1879 1882 Argis lar, Liitken Nectocrangon la r, Smith 1S83 One single specimen was picked up on the beach near the station. This species has been quoted from Greenland, along the eastern coast of America as far as Cape Sable, Nova Scotia; also, from the Arctic Ocean, north of Bering Strait, and in Bering Sea. 8. HIPFOLYTE FABRICII Kr. Tear. Name. Citations. 1841 1860 1863( 1867 s 1871 1875 1879i 187S> 1S83S Nat. Tids., i B., iii, p. 571; Det Kongolige Danske Videnska- bernes Selskabs Afhandlingaf, ix, p. 277, tab. I, figs. 12-20. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci , Phila., xii, p. 35. Can. Nat. and Geol., viii, p. 421 (24). Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 302. Annals Lye, of Nat, Hist, of New Vork, x, p. 120. (Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 147. Traus. Conn. Aeacl. Arts mid Sci., v, p. 63. Bulletin TJ. S. Nat. Mus., No. 15, p. 139. Proe. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vi, p. 225. Hippolytefabricii, Packard { { A single individual of thi:: species was dredged among the other Hippolytcs off Point Franklin, August 31, 1SS3. It has been found on the Atlantic coast of America from Massachusetts Bay to Greenland, and also in Avatscha Bay, Kamschatka. L „ 140 EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 9. HIPPOLYTE GAIMARDII M. Edw. Tear. Name. Citations. 1837 1841 1842 1842 1853 1855 1860 1803 18C3 1867 1871 1875 1877 1879 1882 1883 Hippolyte gaimardii, Milne Edwards Hippolyte gaimardii et gibba, Kroyer Histoire Natnrelle des Crustaeees, ii, p. 378. Nat. Tids., i P., iii, p. 572. Kong. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Afhand., ix, p. 282, pi. 1, figs. 21-29. Op. cit., p. 288, pi. i, fig. 30 ; pi. ii, fi£!>. 31-37. British Stalkeyed Crustacea, p. 294. In Belcher's "Last of tho Arctic Voyages," ii, p. 402, pi. 34, fig. 1. Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., xii, p. 35. Ofversigt Vetenskaps-Akadcmiens Porhandlingar, xx, p. 168. Canad. Sat. and Geol., viii, p. 424. Mem. Bost. Soc. Sat. Hist, i, p. 302. Annals Lye. Sat. Hist, of Sew York, x, p. 126. (Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 147. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 4, xix, p. 134. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., v, p. 67, pi. x, figs. 8 and 9. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 698 et sen:, (passim.) Proc. TJ. S. Sat. Mus., vi, pp. 219 and 225. Hippolyte gibba, Krijver. .' Hippolyte gibba, StimpsoD Hippolyte gaimardii, Packard One specimen was picked up on the beach near the station in the autumn of 18S2. We found this species very plentiful oft' Point Franklin in 13£ fathoms of water, August 31, 1883. Of ninety-one individuals taken in a single haul of the dredge, one only was a female bearing eggs. The species is known from G-rinnell Land south to Massachusetts, from Spitzbergen, Norway, the southern Baltic, and Scotland; also from Bering Strait and the Arctic Ocean north of the strait. 10. HIPPOLYTE SPINUS "White. Year. Same. Citations. 1805 1813? 1814 S 1817 1835 1841! 18425 1847 1853 1860 1863 1871 1874 1875 1879 1883 British Miscellany, p. 47, pi. 23. Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, Tii, p. 431 ; Amer. ed., Tii, p. 271 ; Trans. Linnsean Soc. of London, xi, p. 347. Malacostraca Podolphthalmata Brittannia?, pi. 39. App. Ross' Voyage, p. 83, t, B, fig. 2. Sat. Tids., i P., iii, p. 573 (1841); Kong. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Af- hand., xx, p. 298 (1842). List of Crustacea in the British Museum, p. 76. Biitish Stalkeyed Crustacea, p. 284. Proc. Acad. Sat. Sci. Phil., xii, p. 34. OfVers. Vetensk. Akad. Portland., xx, p. 169. Annals Lye. of Nat. Hist, of Sew York, x, p. 126. Pecent deep-sea dredging operations in the Gulf of St- Lawrence, p. 5 — from Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, Tii. (Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 147. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., v, p. 68. Proc. TJ. S. Sat. Mus., vi, pp. 219, 225. Two small specimens which have the spine of the third pleonal segment less strongly devel- oped than it is in the typical specimens of H. spintis in the National Museum, were dredged among the other Hippolytes off Point Franklin in 13 1 fathoms, August 31, 1883. It is known from the Atlantic coast of North America from Massachusetts to Greenland; from Spitzbergen, Norway, and Scotland, and Stimpson found it in Bering Strait. 11. HIPPOLYTE PHIPPSII Kr. Year. Same. Citations. 'l841 1841 1842 1842 1860 1863 1867 1871 1874 1877 1879 1883 Sat. Tids.,i P., iii, p. 575 (cT). Sat. Tids., i R., iii, p. 575 ( $ ). Kong. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Afh., ix,p. 308, pi. ii, figs. 57-58, and pi. iii, 59-63. Op. cit., p. 314, pi. iii, figs. 64-68. Proc. Acad. Sat. Sci. Phila., xii, p. 34. Hippolyte phippsii, Kroyer OfV. Vetensk. Akad. Porhand., xx, p. 169. Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 301. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, x, p. 125 ( with the inner lamina as long as the telson, and the outer more than twice as long. Transparent, with a few arborescent black pigment spots. Length between 60 and 65 mm . The species is respectfully dedicated to the commanding officer of the expedition, Lieut. P. H. Ray, Eighth Infantry, U. S. A., who was superintending the dredging. at the (time 4t was taken. Museum Nos., 7880 and 7892. 142 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. CUMACEA. 14. DIASTYLIS RATHKII var. Two individuals of a large species of Diastylis were obtained, one on the beaclinear the station and one in the rich haul of tbe dredge off Point Franklin. Both specimens were more or less bat- tered, but as far as can be made out agree very closely with the published descriptions and National Museum specimens of D. ratlikii, except in having the dorsal keel smooth anteriorly instead of serrated. I have ventured to record these as possibly a variety of J). rathJcii. which, as is well known, is circumpolar in its distribution, but dare not hazard any further conclusions on account of insuffi- ciency of material. 15. DIASTYLIS sp. 16. DIASTYLIS sp. Two other small species of Diastylis were also obtained by the expedition, one close to the station, in 2£ fathoms of water, and the other off Point Franklin. I have been unable to identify them with any of the means within my reach, and am inclined to believe that they are undescribed. In view, however, of the difficulty of the group and the insufficiency of the literature at my command, I have concluded to record them simply as above. ISOPODA. ' 17. ARCTURITS HYSTRIX G. O. Sars. Tear. 1876 Name. Arcturus hystrix, G. O. Sars . . Citations. Arcbir for Mathematik og Natnrvidenskab, ii, p. 350 (250). Three small individuals were dredged on the rich bottom off Point Franklin, in 13i fathoms. I am indebted to Mr. Oscar Harger, of New Haven, Conn., for the identification of this species. 18. CHIRIDOTEA ENTOMON (Lin.), Harger. Tear. Name. Citations. 1774 3774 1839 1882 Spicilegia Zoologica, fasc. 9, t. 14, pp. 64-66. Mem. do 1'Acad. de St. Petersbourg, v, 93. Zoology of tbe Blossom, p. 91. Vesa-Exped., Vetensk, Iakt. i, pp. 693 et seq. (passim), fig. on p. 719. Idothea entomon, Stuxberg Only three specimens were obtained, and these were washed up on the beach. Stuxberg (loc. cit.) gives the distribution as confined to the northern coast of the Old World, from the Varauger Fjord in the west to Bering Strait in the east, thence extending down into Bering Sea to Kamt- schatka and the Sea of Okhotsk; also in the Baltic, the lakes of Sweden and Russia, the Caspian Sea, the Sea of Aral, and Lake Baikal. There are, however, many specimens in the National Museum (No. 2430) sent by Macfarlane, from the Anderson River region, thus extending the range much farther to the east. It was also collected by Nelson at Saint Michael's, Alaska. 19. CHIRIDOTEA SABINEI (Kr.) Harger. Year. Name. Citations. 1824 Suppl. App. Parry's Voy., p. 227. Naturbistorisk Tidsskrift, ii Ii.. ii, p. 395; Voyage, tab. 27, fig. 1. In Sutberland's Journal of a Yoyago in Baffin's Bay and Barrow- Strait, ii, app., p. ccvii. Belcber's Last of tbo Arctic Voyages, p. 40S. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual. )>. 149. Denkscbr. d. K. Akad. d. AViss , xxxv, p. 22. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., p. 697 et seq. (passim), fig. on p. 716. 1847 1852 1855 1875 1878 1862 Idothea entomon, Liitkeu Idothea sabini, Heller Idothea sabini, Stuxberg EXPEDITION TO POINT BAItliOW, ALASKA. 143 This species was rather abundant and of large size on the muddy bottom along the shore in 2£ to 15 fathoms. Only a few females were obtained. It was very often found washed up on the beach during the season of open water, and occurred in especially large numbers after the great gales of October, 1881. It is circumpolar in its distribution. 20. STNIDOTBA BICUSPIDA (Owen) Harger. Tear. 1839 Name. Citations. Zoology of the Blossom, p. 92, pi. xxvii, fig. 6. Mem. Boston Sos. Nat. Hist., i, p. 290, d1. viii, fig. 6. " 1867 Idothea marmorata, Packard 1874 1 dothea marmorata, VV liiteaves Further Deep-Sea Drcdtjiug in the Gulf of Saint Law rence p. 15. 1877 Idothea bicuspida, Streets and Kingsley . . Proo. Essex Institute, ix, p. 108. 1877 Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., yii, p. 45. 1879 Synidotea bicuspida, Harger Proo. TJ. S. Nat. Mils., ii. p. 100. 1880 Report TJ. S. Fish Commission for 1878, p. 352. 1882 Idothea bicuspida, Stuxberg Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., 1, pp. 095 ct scq. (passim). Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vi, p. 231. 1883 This species occurred in very great abundance on the rich bottom 10 miles west of Point Franklin, in 13J fathoms, and was rather plenty also at the head of Norton Sound, on a pebbly bottom, in about 5 fathoms. The color when alive is a whitey-brown, clouded with bright crimson, generally forming crimson patches on the terga of the segments and on the edges of the epimera, which sometimes coalesce, forming bars across the head, the middle, and the end of the thorax. The peduncles of the antennae and the middle third of the flagella are bright crimson. The species was originally described by Owen (loc. cit.) from the "Arctic seas." Packard secured one specimen at Sloop Harbor, Labrador, and it has also been recorded from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Two specimens (Lockington's Idothea pulchra) were brought by W. J. Fisher from the " west coast of Alaska, north of Bering Strait," and two specimens have been obtained on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. The Swedish expeditions obtained this species at various points along the northern coast of Siberia from Nova Zembla nearly to Bering Strait. Amphipoda. 21. HYPERIA MEDUSARUM (Mull.) Brack. Year. N*me. Citations. 1770 Zoiilogiaj Danicse Prodromus, No. 2335, p. 198. Keise nach Norwegen, p. 326. Linnasan Transactions, xi, p. 4, pi. 2, fig. 2. Mem. du Museum, t. xviii, pi. 4. Ann ales des Sciences Naturelles, xx, p. 3S8, pi. xi, figs. 1-7. Gronlands Amphip. D. Vidensk. Selsk. Afhandl., vii, p. 298, pi. iv, fig. 19 (9). Op. cit., p. 296, pi. iy, fig. 13. Catalogue of Ampkipodous Crustacea in the British Museum, p. 289, pi. xlviii, fig. 4. Crustacea amphipoda Maris Spetsbergiam alluentie, &c, Oefv. af K. Vetcnsk-Akad. Forhandl., xxii, p. 534. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 158. Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vii, pp. 221, 226. Gammarus medusarum, J. C. Fabricius . . . Cancer (Gammarus) galba, Montague Miella orbignii, Strauss 1815 1830 1838 1838 1862 1865 1875 1883 Leitrigonius Kinahani, Spence Bate Hyperia medusarum, Smith Several were found under the disk of large medusae (Chrysaora) in the summer of 1883. It has been recorded from Greenland, Spitzbergen, Norway, and Great Britain. 144: EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 22. THBMISTO LIBELLULA (Mandt) Goes. Year. Name. Citations. 1822 1835 1838 1838 1863 18C5 1870 1874 1875 1877 1878 1881 Observationes iD historia natnrale in itinero grosnlandico facta?, Diss., p. 32. Appendix to Ross' Voyage, p. lxxxvi. Gronl. Amphip. D. Vid'. Selsk. Afhaudl., vii, p. 291, pi. 4, fig. 16. Op. cit., p. 295, pi. iv, fig. 17. Proc. Pliila. Acad, of Nat. Sci., p. 139. Oefv. af K. Vetensk-Akad. Foikandl., xxii, p. 533, pi. 44, fig. 33. Crustacea Arophipoda borealia et arctica, p. 8 ; Skand. og Arkt. Ampuip., p. 88, pi. l.fig. 5. 2te Deutsche Nordpolarf, ii, p. 385, pi. 15, fig. 1. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 158. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xix, p. 138. Denkschr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss., xxxv, p. 29. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vii, p. 51. Themisto arctica, Kroycr Thcmisto libellvla, Miers Themiisto libellula, Miers A single individual was picked up on the beach near the station September 12, 1883. The species has been found in Greenland, Spitzbergen, Finmark, Kennedy Harbor (Arctic America), and north of Nova Zembla during the voyage of the Tegethoff. 23. EURYTENES GRYLLUS (Mandt) Goes. 1 Year. Name. Citations. 1822 1848 1862 1865 1865 1870 1875 ■ Observ., &c.,p. 34. Ann. dcs Sci. Nat. Ser. 3, ix, p. 398. Cat. Amph. Crust., p. 66, pi. x, fig. 5. Acta Upsal., ser. 3, p. 11, pis. 1-3, figs. 1-22. Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxii, p. 517, pi. 36, fig. 1. Crust. Ampbip., p. 25 ; Skand. og Arkt. Amphip., p. 144. (Nominal li st. ) Arctic Manual , p. 151 . Lysianassa magellanica, H. Milne-Ed- wards. Lysianassa magellanica, Sp. Bate Lurytenes magellanicus, Lilljeborg This sj)ecies occurred washed up on the beach near the station in considerable numbers in the early part of September, 1882. Two were dredged just outside the grounded ice in 15 fathoms, August 8, 1883. A few large specimens were also obtained off Point Franklin in 13J fathoms. It has been observed in Greenland, Spitzbergen, and Finmark. 24. ONISIMUS LITORALIS (Kr.) Bosck. Year. Name. Citations. 1845 1846 1859 ( 18605 1862 1865 1870 1874 1875 1878 1881 1882 Nat.Tids.,2K.,i,p.621. Nat. Tids., 2 R., ii, p. 36 ; Voyage, pi. 13, fig. 1. K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., new series, iii, p. 46. Cat. Amph. Crust., p. 86. Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxii, p. 521. Crust. Amphip., p. 32. 2te Deutsche Nordpolarf., ii, p. 302. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 152. Denkschr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss., xxxv, p. 31, pi. ii, figs. 9-16. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vii, p. 51. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, p. 711. . Alibrotuslitoralis, Sp. Bate This was always rather abundant in the shoal water along the beach. The specimens pre- served in the collection floated up in the tide hole with a small dead fish on which they were feed- ing, March 30, 1883. This species has been recorded from Greenland, Spitzbergen, Finmark, and the neighborhood of Franz Josef Land. " Rather plenty on the surface of the sea at the edge of the ice, as well as between the pack-ice" (Heller, loc. cit. tr.). The Vega Expedition obtained it on the northeast coast of Siberia, in longitude 177° 28' E. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 145 25. STEGOCEPHALUS AMPULLA (Phipps) Goes. (Xcc auct. =S. inflatus Kr.) Year. Name. Citations. 1774 1840 1865 1870 1877 1882 A Voyage, &c, App., p. 191, pi. xii, fig. 3. Histo'ire Natmclle des Crustaeees, iii, p. 22. OetV. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxii. p. 521, pi. xxxviii, fig. 9. (Fait.) Forhandl. Vidensk. Selsk.. p.128. (Crust. Ampbip.) Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xix, p. 134. Vega-Exp. Ycteusk. Iakt., p. 713. Lygianassa (?) ampulla, Milne-Edwards .. Stegocephalus kcssleri. n. s., Stuxberg In the synonymy above given I have only quoted such descriptions as can be undoubtedly referred to this species by good figures or otherwise, as two species have been confused under this name. Phipps first obtained it in the neighborhood of Spitzbergen and gave an excellent figure and description. This form does not appear to have been observed again till the Eev. E. A. Eaton brought it from Spitzbergen, in the summer of 1S73, except by Goes, who collected both species at Spitz- bergen, but considered the difference as perhaps sexual. In 1842 and 1844 Kroyer (Nat, Tids., 1 E., iv, p. 150, and 2 E., i, p. 522, pi. 7, fig. 3) established tbe genus Stegocephalus for an amphipod brought from Greenland, which he called 8. inflatus. Most subsequent writers have considered this a synonym of Cancer ampulla Phipps, and Bell (in Belcher's "Last of the Arctic Voyages," ii, p. 406), under the name of 8. ampulla, gives an excel- lent figure of 8. inflatus, criticising Pkipps's really very accurate figure as a bad one. Miers (loc. cit.), having obtained the two species from Mr. Eaton, was the first to recognize the difference and to point out the fact that Kroyer's species was distinct from the one described by Phipps. Stegocephalus ampulla was obtained at many places on the Arctic shore of Siberia by the Vega Expedition, and Stuxberg, overlooking Miers's paper, considered it a new species which he proposed to call & liessleri though he gave no description but only an excellent figure. It is quite unlikely that the difference is a sexual one, as suggested by Goes (loc. cit.), because Phipps figures both male and female of 8. ampulla, and there are besides well marked differences in color between the two species. Moreover, S. ampulla has never been obtained in Greenland, or on the eastern coast of North America, where 8. inflatus is of comparatively frequent occurrence. 26. EUSIRUS CUSFIDATUS Kr. Year. Name. Citations. 1845 1859(> 1860$ 1865 1870 1875 1875 1877 18S1 Nat Tids. ii E., i, p. 501, pi. 7, fig. 1 ; Voyage, &c, pi. 19, fig. 2. K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handlingar, New Series, iii, p. 63. Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl. xxii, p. 529. Crust. Amphip., p. 76. 2te Deutsche Nordpolarf., ii, p. 313, pi. 3, fig. 2. (Xominallist.) Arctic Manual, p. 156. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xix, p. 137. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vii, p. 49. Eusirus cuspidatus, Bcoek Eusirus cuspidatus. Miers Eusirus cuspidatus, Miers A single specimen was picked up on the beach near the station, September 12, 1882. It has been observed in Greenland, Spitzbergen, Finmark, and Franz Josef Land. 27. RHACHOTROPIS ACULE ATA (Lepech.) Smith. Year. Name. Citations. 1778 1824 1835 184C 1852 1SC2 1865 1S70 .1874 1875 1877 1878 1881 1882 1B83 Ampldlhoe Edwardsii, Owen Acta Eetropolitana, 1778, i, p. 247. pi. 8, fig. 1. Suppl. App. Parry's Voy., p. 233, pL 2, figs. 1-4. App. Boss' Vovace, ii, p. xc. Nat. Tids., ii B., ii, p. 76; Voy. pi. 10, fig. 1. In Sutherland's "Journal of a Voyage, &c," ii, app. p. Cat. Amph: Crust., p. 151, pi. xxviii, fig. 5. Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl. xxii, p. 520. Crust. Amph., p. 78. 2te Deutsche Nordpolarf., ii, p. 310, pi. iv. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 154. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xix, p. 137. Denkschr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss. xxxv, p. 32. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vii, p. 49. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., pp. 704, 713, 779. Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vi, pp. 222, 229. ccvi. Amphithoe Edwardsii, Adams Amphilhonotus Edwardsii, Sp. Bate Amphilhonotus aculeatus, Buchholz H, Ex. 44- -19 146 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABROW, ALASKA. Two individuals were dredged off Point Franklin in 13J fathoms. The species has been recorded from Labrador, Greenland, the Parry Archipelago, Spitzbergen, Franz Josef Land, and the Kara Sea. 28. ACANTHOSTEPHEIA MALMGRENI (Goes) Brack. Year. Name. Citations. 1865 1870 1874 1878 1882 Of-f v. af K. Vetensk.- Akad. Eorkandl., xxii, p. 526, pi. xxxix, fig. 17. Crust. Amphip., p. 83. "On Recent Deep-Sea Dredging Operations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence," p. 4, from Am. Jotirn. of Sci. and Arts, vii. Denkschr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss. xxxv, p. 32. Yega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., pp. 698 et seq. (passim-). Fig. on p. 724. Acanthosteplieia malmgreni, Brack Acantliostcpiheia malmgreni, Whiteaves... Acanthosteplieia malmgreni. Holler Acanthostepftia malmgreni, Stuxherg Four or five specimens vrcre dredged on the muddy bottom close to the station in about 2J fathoms. The species has been found in Spitsbergen, north of Nova Zembla, towards Franz Josef Land, and at several localities during the voyage of the Yega. Stuxberg (loc. cit.) gives the range of this species as confined to the Old World from Franz Josef Land, Nova Zembla, and Spitzbergen, along the Siberian coast east to Bering Strait. White- aves records it from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. 29. PARAMPHITHOE PANOPLA (Kr.) Bruz. Year. Name. Citations. 1838 1853 1859 1862 1862 1865 1867 1867 3870 1874 1875 1882 1883 Kong. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Afliand., vii, p. 270, pi. ii, fig. 9; Voyage, pi. ii, fig. 2. Marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan, p. 52. Skand. Ampbip., Vctensk.-Akad. Handl., n. s. iii. p. 69. Cat. Amph. Crust., p. 62, pi. ix, fig. 8. Cat. Ampk. Crust., p. C3, pi. ix, fig. 9. Oefr. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxii, p. 523. Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 298. Op. cit., p. 297. Crust. Amph., p. 96. 2te Deutsche Nordpolarf., ii, p. 33-1, pi. vi. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 153. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, p. 704, 779. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns., vi, pp. 222, 228. 1 Amphithonotus cataphractus, Stimpson . . . Pleustes panoplus, Sp. Bates Paramphitlioe panopla, Goes Amphithonotus cataphractus, Packard A few were dredged off Point Franklin in 13J- fathoms on the rich bottom. The species has been obtained in Greenland, Labrador, Grand Manan, Spitzbergen, and the Kara Sea. 30. ACANTHOZONE POLYACANTHA Murdoch. (Plate I, fig. 4.) Year. Name. Citations. 1884 Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vii, p. 520. Description. — Head rounded, with a very short, sharp rostrum and a small lateral spine at the base of the lower antennae. Eyes round and prominent. Posterior edge of first live segments of pereion raised into a rounded ridge, developing into a median tooth on the fifth segment. Ante- rior, edge of first segment also raised into a similar ridge, curving forward over the head. Last two segments of pereion and first four of pleon armed on the posterior edge with a large broad median tootli pointing backwards, largest on the third segment of the pleon, and very small, almost obsolete on the fourth. The last two segments of the pereion and the first two of the pleon also carry a small accessory tooth midway between the median tooth and the epimeral suture. The epimeral suture bears a deep lateral keel which becomes a sharp, posterior, backward-pointing tooth on the last two segments of the pereion and the first four of the pleon. The infero-posterior EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 147 angle of tlie epiineron bears a spine (there are two on the second segment of the pleon). Upper antennae about two-thirds the length of the lower. Gnathopods slender, subchelate. Telson rather long, entire. A few specimens were dredged off Point Franklin, in 13i fathoms, August 31, 1883. Museum No. 7898. 31. ATYLUS SWAMMERDAMII (M. Edw.) Sp. Bate. Tear. Name. Citations. 1830 1852 1857 1859 1860 18G2 1862 18G2 1870 Amphithoe Swammerdamii, Milne-Ed- wards. Ann. des Sci. Nat., xx, p. 378. Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forbandl., p. 8. Ann. and Ma?. Nat. Hist., p. 142. K. Vetensk.-Akad. Hand!., p. 72. Forbandl. red de Skand. Naturf., Sde Mode. p. 659. Cat. Atop]). Crnst., p. 130, pi. xxiy, fig. 3. Op. cit., p. 130, pi. xxvi, fig. 2. Op. cit.,p.H2. Crust. Araphip., p. 111. Dcxaminc Gordoniana, SpenceBate Paramphithoe comprcssa, Bruzelius JDexamine Loughrvni, Sp. Bate Alylus Swammerdamii, Sp. Bate Atylus compressus, Sp.Bate " The species of Atylus dredged in 13 i fathoms off Point Franklin, where it was decidedly plenty, appears undistinguishablo from A. Swammerdamii, although this species has hitherto been recorded only from the western coast of Norway and from the coast of England. 32. GAMMARUS LOCUSTA (Lin.) J. C. Fabr. Year. Name. Citations. 1767 Systema Natura, ed. 12ma, p. 1055. 1767 1 Ibidem. 1774 Cancer p ulex, Phipps Voyage, &c, App., p. 193. 1775 Gammarus locusta, J. C. Fabricius Systema entomologise. 1780 Oniscus pulex, O. Fabricius 1 Farm. Grcenl.. p. 254, sp.231. 1820 Gammarus arcticus, Scores!) y 'An Account of the Arctic Regions," i. p. 541, ii, pi. 16, fig. 14. 1824 Gammarus boreus, Sabine i Suppl. App. Parry's Toy., p. ccxxix. 183S Gammarus locusta, Kroyer 1 D. Yidensk. Selsk. Af handl., vii, p. 27. 1843 Gammarus locus'.a, Ilathke ! Beitrage znr Fauna Nonyegens, Nov. Act. Nat. Cnr. xx, p. 67, 1851 Sibirischo Beiso, ii. pt. i, p. 133. 1853 Gammarus mutatus. Lilljeborg . . . . K. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., p. 447. 1853 Gammarus pulcx, Stimpson ... Mar. Inv. Grand Manan. p. 55. 1855 Gammarus boreus, Bell Belcher's '• Last of the Arctic Voyages." ii. p. 405. 1859 1862 K. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. p. 52. Gammarus locusta, Sp. Bate Cat. Anvph. Crust., p. 206. 1865 Gammarus locusta. Goes : OeiV.afK. Vetensk.-Akad. Forbandl.. xxii. p. 531. 1870 Gammarus locusta, Bceck Crust. Amphip., p. 124. 1874 Gammarus locusta, Buchholz 2te Deutsche Nordpolarf., ii, p. 343. 1875 Gammarus locusta, Liitken (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 156. 1877 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xix, p. 138. 1878 Ga m marus locusta. Heller Denkschr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss.. xxxv, p. 35. 1881 Ann. and Mae. Nat. Hist., ser. 5. rii, p. 51. J882 Gammarus locusta, Stnxberg Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt.,pp.7il. 712, 715. 1883 Gammarus locusta, Smith Proc. H. S. Nat. Mus , vi, pp. 222, 229. Considerable numbers of this species were dragged up in the seaweed by a seine in the shcal water along shore at Pergniak, Elson Bay, along with Gammar acanthus loricatus. A few were also dredged just above the station in about 3 fathoms, on a bottom of mud and sand mixed. The species is recorded from Arctic seas generally, as well as from the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. 33. MELITA FORMOSA Murdoch. (Plate II. figs. 1,16.) Year. Name. Citations. 1884 Melita fcrmosa, Murdoch ( Proc. F. S. Nat. Mus., Tii, p. 520. ! This species is very close to M. obtusata, but may be distinguished by the shape of the nail of the second gnathopods. Description. — Autenimles with the first joint of the peduncle not quite as long as the second. 148 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARKOW, ALASKA. Two anterior segments of pleon with infero-posterior angle acute; third segment with this angle acute and produced upwards. Second and third segments of pleon armed with a single tooth each on posterior margin, fourth with three, fifth with four teeth, all very small. Hand of first gnatho- pod oval and fringed with long hairs on the posterior margin. Hand of second gnathopod in male broadly oval, and armed on the edge with 3-4 blunt teeth and running out into a broad, blunt tooth; claw large, curved, and acute, shutting on the inside of the palm. Inner ramus of the last pair of saltatory feet ovate. Color purple with a lighter streak down the middle of the dorsal surface. Picked up on the beach near the station in considerable numbers, late in the summer of 18S2. Museum numbers, 7893, 7894, 7895. 34. MBLITA LEONIS Murdoch. (Plate II, figs. 2, 25.) Year. Name. Citations. 1884 Proo. TJ. S. Nat. Mas., vii, p. 521. This species is closely allied to 31. dentata, but differs in the dentition of the segments of the pleon, and iu the length of the antennules. Description. — Eyes small, oval, black. Antennules reaching to the first segment of the pleon, with the first joint of the peduncle a little shorter than the second. Third segment of the pleon with the infero-posterior angle acute and produced upwards. First and second segments of the pleou with one large median tooth on the posterior edge and eight fine denticulations, the lat- ter larger on the second segment; third with nine teeth, of which the median one is the largest; fourth with five; fifth with six, lacking the median tooth; sixth with two small, blunt teeth. Hand of first gnathopod with infero-posterior angle of third joint not produced into a tooth; hand elongate-oval, edge not toothed. Color purple, with two lighter streaks along the dorsal surface. I have named this species from the schooner Leo of San Francisco, from which A'essel the specimens were obtained, by dredging in about five fathoms of water at the head of Norton Sound, September 12, 1883. Museum numbers, 7896, 7897. 35. GAMMARACANTHUS LORICATUS (Sab.) Sp. Bate. Tear. Name. Citations. 1824 1835 1?38 1839? 1855 18G1 1862 1865 1870 1875 1882 Suppl. A pp.- Parry's Voy., p. 23, pi. 1, fig. 7. App. PvOss' Voy., ii, p. xxxix. Vider.sk. Selsk. Skr., vii, p. 250, pi. 1, fig. 4. Nat. Tids., i P., ii, p. 258. Belcher's "Last of the Arctic Voy.," p. 405. OefY. af k. Vetensk.-Akad. Eb'rhandl., p. 287. Cat. Crust. Ampk., p. 202, pi. xxxvi. fig. 2. Oefv. af k. Vetensk.-Akad. Eorhandl., xxii, p. 531. Crust. Ampk., p. 135. Arctic Manual, p. 157 (nominal list). Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 700 et seq. (passim). Gammaracanthus loricatus, Sp. Bate Gammaracanthus loricatus, Bceck Gammaracanthus loricatus, Liitken Gammaracanthus loricatus, Stuxberg A few were taken at Pergniak (in Elson Bay) among seaweed dragged up by the seine, Au- gust 11, 1883, and some were also picked up on the beach late in the summer of 1S82. It has been observed at Prince Eegent's Inlet, Arctic America, abundant (Sir J. C. Eoss) in the "Arctic Seas" (Sir Edward Parry and Sir Edward Belcher) and Greenland (Kroyer, quoted by Spence Bate). Boeck (loc. cit.) gives as its habitat "Grcenlandia, Spitsbergia, in laeubus Finlandire, et Svecire et Norvegite." The Yega expedition obtained it at various points along the Arctic coast of Siberia from Nova Zembla nearly to Bering Strait. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 149 36. DULICHIA ARCTICA Murdoch. (Plato II, fig. 3.) Tear. Name. Citations. 1884 Proc. XJ. S. Nat. Mus., vii, p. 521. Description. — Head slightly produced, forming an obtuse angle. First epiineron produced into a sharp spine projecting forward, the rest unarmed. Body smooth. Basa of second gnatho- pods dilated and armed with two teeth; hand large, subtriangular, and armed on the edge with two long, stout teeth. Last three pairs of pereiopods not specially long; third joint as long as the fourth and fifth together. Second pair of saltatory feet with outer ramus nearly twice as long as the peduncle; inner a little longer. Eyes small, round, and black. Color grayish. Dredged in rather small numbers off the station in 5 fathoms on a muddy bottom. Museum numbers, 7899, 7900. Phyllopoda. 37. LEPIDURU3 GLACIALIS (Kr.) Baird. Tear. Name. Citations. 18+7 1852 1878 Apus glacial! s, Kroyer Nat. Tids., ii R.. ii, p. 431 ; Voy., pi. 40, fig. 1. Monograph of the family Apodida?. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Bond., pt. xx, p. 6; Annulosa, pi. xxii, fig. 2. Phyllopods of N. America. "Report of T7. S. Geological and Geo- graphical Survey of the Territories, pt. i, p. 310. This species has been kindly identified by Dr. A. S. Packard, jr., of Brown University, who examined our specimens and compared them with a specimen from Greenland. It was abundant on the pools on the tundra, where it lurked in the mud and alga 3 , but appeared slightly capricious in its distribution, as it was not found in every pool. They lived until the pools froze up in the autumn. They were especially abundant in the pool near the station from which we obtained our drink- ing water. In 1882 they were observed for the first time on July S, but the next year they were ten days later in appearing, and seemed scarce and sluggish. The species has been obtained in Greenland and also near Cape Krusenstern, Alaska. 38. BRANCHINBCTA PALUDOSA (Mull.) Verrill. Year. Name. 1 Citations. 1780 Cancer stagnalis, O. Pabricus : Pauna Grcenl., p. 247, sp. 224. 1788 Branchipus paludosus, Muller Zoologia B/anica, ii, p. 10, pi. 48, figs. 1-8. 1851 Branch;pus middendorffianus, Pischer Sibirische Reise, ii, p. 153. 1852 Branchipus (?), Baird Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., xx, p. 29. 1857 Branchipus paludosus, Beinhardt Bidrag til en Beskrivelse af Groenland. 1869 Branchipus paludosus, Packard Alem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 295. 1869 Branchipus (Branchinecta) arctica, Verrill. Amer. Jour, of Sci. and Arts, ser. ii, xlviii. p. 253. 1869 Branchipus (Branchinecta) groznlandica . - Ibid. 1869 Branchinecta arctica, Verrill Proc. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci., xviii, i>. 244. 1869 Branchinecta groenlandica, Verrill Op. cit.,p. 245. 1878 Branchinecta paludosa, Packard Phvllopods of N. A. Report Xf. H. Geolog ical aDd Geographical Survey of the Territories, pt. i, p. 336. pi 1-5. ix, figs. 1-0, pi. x, figs. This species was very abundant in the fresh-water pools all over the tundra, first appearing about the middle of June in the small pools made by the melting snow along the edge of the tun- dra at the crown of the beach. 150 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. It lias been found in Greenland and Labrador and at Cape Krusenstern, Alaska. (See Baircl, loc. cit.) Dr. Packard lias kindlj- examined these specimens, and says that they do not differ from those brought by Dr. Bessels from Polaris Bay. 39. POLYARTEMIA HAZENI Murdoch. (Plate II, figs, ',4b.) Tear. Name. i Citations. Proc. Tj. S. Nat. Mus., Tii, p. 522. Specimens of a species of Phyllopod, found in abundance near the station, were examined by Dr. Packard, who declared that they belonged to the genus Pohjartemia, but were different from the s.ingle species (P. forcipata) of this genus, described by Eischer in Middendorff's Sibirische Eeise, ii, pt. i, p. 154, pi. vii, figs. 24-28 (1851). I therefore decided to describe this as a new species under the name of Pohjartemi hazeni, after General W. B. Hazen. Chief Signal Officer, IT. S. A., to whom the species is respectfully dedi- cated . Description. — Body long (twice the length of the abdomen) and stout. Legs generally sev- enteen pairs, males usually with one pair more than the females. Head in the male prolonged anteriorly into a short, thin, lamellar process. Male "claspers" large, stout, broad, and palmate, strongly incurved. Erom the middle of the lower edge projects a large curved process armed on the tip and inner surface with numerous fine teeth. The extremity of the "clasper" is bifurcated into two short, blunt branches, also armed- on the inner side with fine teeth. Eeet short and broad- Caudal appendages small and slender, a little longer than the last abdominal segment. Ovisac voluminous, nearly as long as the abdomen; end rounded, with a short, tooth-like process on each side. Color, when living, a pale, iridescent green. Museum numbers, 7929, 7930, 7931. The species was first observed July 13, 1882, in large numbers, copulating, in the pools on the black tundra. It is not so widely distributed as BrancMnecta paludosd, which occurs in the same pools. It swims very swiftly and is very hard to catch. ClRRIPEDIA. • 40. BALANUS sp. Small barnacles were quite plenty on gastropod shells near the station, and a single large cno which I cannot identify was dredged off Point Franklin. (This is probably B. porcatus). E.HIZOCEPHALA. 41. PELTOGASTER PAGURI Rathke. Year Name. Citations. 1841 1843 1859 1867 1875 1883 1 ! Peltogaster paguri, H. Itatbko Peltogaster paguri, H. Rathke i lieisebemerku^gen, Neuesto Schriften tier Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig, ii, p. 105, pi. vi, tig. 12. Nov. Act. Acad. Crcs.-Le'op. Car. Nat. Cur.. xx,p. 245, pi. xii, fis.17. Peltogaster paguri, Packard Peltogaster paguri, Liitkcn Peltogaster paguri, Smith Act. Peg. Soc. Sci. Upsala. ser. .'!. iii), p. 25, figs. 1, 2, 30-35. Mom. Post. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 290. Arctic Manual, p. 103 (nominal list). Proc. U. S. Nat, Mus., vi, 222, 232. ' 1 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 151 Three specimens of this parasite were found on Eupagurus trigonochcirus picked up on tho beach near the station. It appears to be quite rare. The species has been obtained in Norway and Sweden, Greenland, Labrador, and Maine, on species of Eupagurus allied to the E. trigonochcirus. Cladoceea, 42. DAPHNIAsp. A species of DapJiuia, or some closely allied genus, was very abundant in all the fresh-water pools on the tundra. Pycnogonida. NYMPHONID^. 1. NYMPHON LONG-ITARSE Kr. Year. Jfame. Citations. 1844 1875 1877 1878 1880 Nat. Ticls., ii E., i, p. 112, Toy., &c, pi. 36, figs. 2a-b. Arctic Manual, p. 164 (nominal list). Archir for Mathematik og Xatnrridenskab, ii, pt. iii, p. 366. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., v, p. 19, pi. vii, figs. 2a-li. Report V. S. Commissioner Fish and Fisheries, pt. vi, p. 489. Three specimens were dredged on the muddy bottom close to the station in 5 fathoms, August 14, 18S2. It has been recorded from Greenland, Norway, and the eastern coast of America as far south as George's Bank. 2. NYMPHON GROSSIPES (Lin.) J. C. Fabr. Year. Same. Citations. 1762 1767 1784 1794 1824 1838 1844 1844 1844 1846 1853 1857 1867 1874 1874 1875 1877 1878 1880 Phala/ngium marinum (?), Strom '.. Fhalangium grossipes ('!), Linne Pycnogonum grossipes, O. Fabricius Nymphon grossipes, J. C. Fabricius Nymphon grossipes (!) Sabine Nymphon grossipes, Kroyer Nymphon grossipes, Kroyer Nymphon mixtum, Kroyer Nymphon brcvitarse, Kroyer Nymphon grossipes, Kroyer Nymphon grossipes, Stimpson Nymphon brevitarse, Bernhardt Nymphon grossipes, Packard Nymphon grossipes et mixtum, Buchholz. Nymplion grossipes, Yerrill Nymphon grossipes, mixtum, et brcvitarse, JLiitken. Nymphon mixtum, G-. 0. Sars Nymphon grossipes, Wilson Nymphon grossipes, Wilson l Sondmijr, p. 208. Syst. Nat. ed. xii, p. 1027. Faun. Grcenl., p. 229. Syst. Ent., ir, p. 217. Suppl. App. Ua.pt. Parry's Voy., p. 225. Gronl. Amfip., p. 92 (teste Kroyer). Nat. Tids., ii E., i, p. 108. Nat, Tids.. ii E., i, p. 110 : Toy., pi. 35, figs. 2a-f. Nat, Tids., ii It., i, p. 115 ; Toy., pi. 36, figs. 4a-f. Oken's Isis, Jalirg. 1840, pt, vi, p. 442 ; Toy., pi. 36, figs. la-h. Mar. Inv. Grand iUanan. p. 38. Nat. Bidrag til en Beskr. af Gronland, p. 38. Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat, Hist., i, p. 295. 2te Deutsche. Nonlpolarf., ii, pp. 396, 397. Am. Jour. Sci.. vii, p. 502. Arctic Manual, pp. 163, 161 (nominal list). Arehiv for Mathem. og Naturvid., i ir, iii, p. 366. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, p. 20, pi. vii, figs', la-q. Rep. C S. Commissoner Fish and Fisheries for 1878, pt. vi, p. 491. We found this species rather plenty but small off Point Franklin in 13J fathoms. A few good- sized ones, among them one egg-bearing female, were also dredged in about 5 fathoms on a pebbly bottom near the head of Norton Sound. It has been recorded from Greenland, Norway, and the eastern coast of North America as far south as George's Bank. 152 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. VERMES. CHjETOPODA. POLYNOID.E. 1. POLYNOE SCABRA (Pabr.) Sav. Year. Xame. Citations. 1780 1820 1843 1860 1805 1875 1879 1883 Fauna Groeulandica, p. 311. Systeme des Annelides, p. 26. Grciulands Annulata Dorsibrancliiata, p. 12, figs. 2, 7, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18. Fork, i Videnskal)S-Selsk. i Christiania, p. 53. Nordiska 1 laf's-Annulater, p. 61, pi. viii, tigs. 3 and 4. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 168. K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. xvi, No. 3, p. 7. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., ii, p. 387, pi. 23, figs. 1 and 2 ; pi. 20, fig. 1. Eunoe Oerstedii et nodosa, Mnlmgren Eunoa Oerstedii et nodosa, Liitken Three specimens of this species were dredged off Point Franklin, in 13£ fathoms, August 31, 1883. The species has been recorded from Spitzbergen, Finland, Iceland, Greenland, and from the North American coast as far south as Grand Manan. The Vega Expedition obtained it at various points on the northeast coast of Siberia from the mouth of the Taimyr River to Bering Sea. 2. POLYNOE ISLANDICA Hansen. Tear. Kama. Citations. 1882 ! Den Norske Nordkavs Expedition, vii, Zoologi. Annelida, p. 24. Two specimens were dredged with the other Polynoes off Point Franklin, in 13£ fathoms, August 31, 1883. This species has been united with P. scabra by Wiren (loc. cit.), but the specimens we obtained agreed so closely with Hansen's description, and differed so much from our specimens of scabra, that 1 have concluded it best to record it as a distinct species. It was originally described by Hansen from specimens taken in the North Atlantic. 3. POLYNOE SARSI (Kinberg) Theel. Tear. Name. Citations. 1862 1865 1867 1871 1872 1875 1878 1879 1883 MS. Nordisk. Hafs-Ann., p. 75, pi. ix, fig. 6. Annulata Polycbasta, p. 13. Sitzungsberic'kte Pkys. Med. Soc. Erlangen, iii, p. 77-79. Nyt Magazin f. Naturvidensk., xix, p. 202. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 168. Denksckr. d. K. Akad. d. Wissen, xxxv, p. 395. K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., xvi, No. 3, p. 16, pi. i, fig. 8. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., ii, p. 390. Polynoc sarsi, Theel Four small specimens of this species were obtained August 9, 1883, on one of the sandy patches near the station, in about 3 fathoms of water. It has been recorded from the sea near England, the Baltic, Norway, Greenland, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and New England. The Swedish Expedition obtained it at various points along the northern coast of Siberia from the Kara Sea to the Yega's winter quarters. 4. MELiENIS LOVENI Malmgr. Tear. Name. Citations. 1865 1867 1883 Nordiska Hafs-Annulater, p. 78, pi. x, fig. 10. Annulata Polychseta, p. 14. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., ii, p. 391, pi. 28, fig. 4 ; pi. 29, fig. 3. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 153 A single specimen was dredged just outside the grounded ice, about 4 miles above the station, in about 15 fathoms of water. The bottom was an exceedingly tenacious and fetid black mud. The species has been recorded from Spitzbergen and the neighborhood of Nova Zembla, and as far east as Bering Strait. 5. MELiENIS LOVENI, var. GIGANTEA (Malm.) When. Tear. 'Same. Citations. 1883 Melcenis loveni, var. gigantea, Wirfin Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt, ii, p. 391, pi. 28, fig. 3 ; pi. 29, fig. i. This variety of the preceding species, which was described by Wiren from two specimens obtained by the Vega Expedition near Bering Strait, was found in considerable numbers on the beach near the station. NEPHTHYID^l. 6. NBPHTHYS CCBCA (Pabr.) Oerst. Year. Name. Citations. 1780 1789 1843 1843 1863 1868 1875 1877 1S78 1879 1883 Faun. Groenl., p. 304. Zool. Dan., iii, p. 14, pi. Ixxxix, figs. 1-4. Gronl. Ann. Dorsib., p. 193, figs. 73, 74, 77-86. Op. cit., p. 195, figs. 75, 76. isord. Hat's- Ann., p. 10J, pi. xil, figs. 17 and 18. Die Borstenwiirmer, i, p. 588, pi. xxiii, figs. 10-31, 6, 36, 37, 38. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 169. Trans. Linnean Soc. London, series 2, i, p. 501. Denksciir. d. K. Akad. d. "Wiss., xxxv, p. 395. K. Svensk. Vetensk.- Akad. Handl., xvi, No. 3, p. 24. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., ii, p. 392, pi. 30, figs. 1-3 ; pi. 31, figs. 1-3. Ncphthys longisetosa, ciliata etcceca, Malm- gren. Ncphthys cceca, cirrosa ct ciliata, Ehlers ... Nephthyscceca, cilialaetlongosetosa, Liitken Two good-sized specimens and four smaller ones of the ciliata type and two medium individ- uals of the longisetosa type were dredged near the station, in about 3 fathoms, ou the muddy bottom. One smaller specimen of the longisetosa type was also obtained near the head of Norton Sound, in 5 fathoms, on a pebbly bottom. It has been recorded from Labrador, Greenland, Norway, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla (and northward toward Franz Josef Land, where it was obtained by the Austrian Expedition), and the Arctic coast of Siberia as far round as Saint Lawrence Bay. It also occurs on the British coast. PHYLLODOOEID^!. 7. ETEONE sp. A single specimen of a species of Uleoiye, in such bad condition as to render the specific determination impossible, was obtained near the station in 2J fathoms. 8. PHYLLODOCE GROENL ANDIC A Oersted. Tear. Name. Citations. 1843 1865 1867 1875 1877 1878 1882 1883 1 Phyllodoce grcenlandica, Oersted ^ . . . Phyllodoce grcenlandica, Malmgren Phyllodoce grcenlandica, Malmgren Phyllodoce grcenlandica, Liitken Phyllodoce grosnlandica, Mcintosh Phyllodoce grcenlandica, v. Marenzeller ? Phyllodoce arctica, Hansen Phyllodoce grcenlandica, Wiren Gronl. Ann. Dorsib., p. 192, figs. 19, 21, 22, 29, 32. Nord. Hafs-Ann., p. 90. Ann. Polycb., p. 21, pi. ii, fig. 9. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 169. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, i, p. 502. Denkschr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss., xxxv, p. 395. Den Norsk. Nordhafs-Exp., p. 31, pi. iii, figs. 21-23. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., ii, p. 400. A bait set at the bottom of the tide-hole, in about 3 fathoms of water, on May 2G, 1883, brought up a large number of these worms. They varied a good deal in color when alive, some being red- H. Ex. 44 20 154 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. dish and some dark green. They were also dredged on the muddy bottom near the station August 9, 1883, in about 3 fathoms. It is quite possible that P. arctiea, described by Hansen (loc. cit.), from the neighborhood of Spitzbergen, is only a variety of this species, as the distinction is based on the number of papillae on the evaginated proboscis, which appears to be subject to great variation. Among our specimens the same animal has been found to have twelve papillae (characteristic of groenlandka) in one row, and fifteen (characteristic of arctiea) in another. The species has been recorded from New England, Labrador, Greenland, Norway, Spitzbergen, between Nova Zembla and Franz Josef Land, and the Kara Sea. 9. PHYLLODOCE sp. A single specimen of a species of Phyllodoce, evidently not P. grcenlandica, but too much mutilated for specific determination, was dredged near the station in about 3 fathoms. HESIONID.E. 10. CASTALIA MULTIPAPILLATA Theel. Tear. Name. Citations. 1S79 | Castalia multipapillata, Theel K. Svenska Vetensk. A tad. Handl., xvi, No. 3, p. 38, pi. iii, fig. 38. A few very small specimens of this species were caught in the towing net set under the sea-ice about the end of March, 1S83. Theel described the species from specimens- obtained at Nova Zembla. SYLLIDJE. 11. AUTOLYTUS sp. We obtained males and egg-bearing females of a small species of Autolytus, which cannot be more accurately identified, swimming free under the ice about the end of March and the first of April, 1883. The "stem-form" was not obtained. AEICIID^. 12. ? ARICIA ARCTICA Hansen. Year. Name. Citations. 1882 i A fragment of a worm of this family, lacking both head and anal end 2 was obtained off the station, in about 3 fathoms, August 7, 1SS3. The«body segments agree very well in the shape of the feet, gills, &c, with Hansen's figures, but as we were unable to obtain the characteristic hooked ventral seta? of the anterior region of the body, the species cannot be positively identified. It was originally described from near the island of Jan May en. OPHELIID.E. 13. TRAVISIA FORBESI Johnst. YeaT. Kame. Citations. 1840 1843 186."> 1807 1874 1875 1879 1883 Ann. Nat. Hist., iv, p. 373, pi. xi, figs. 11-18. Gronl. Ann. Dorsib., p. 53. pl.viii, rigs. 103, 112, Cat. Brit, llns., p. 220, pi. xix, figs. 11-18. Ann. Polych., p. 7o. 2te Deutsche Norclpolarl'., p. 225. (Nominal list.) Aictic Mauual, p. 1,2. Kongl. Svensk. Vetensk. -Akad. Hand]., xvi, p Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt, p. 406. 114,119,120. 49. 1 Ophelia, mammillata, Oersted Travisiaforbesi, Jolinstorj EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 155 A single specimen of this species was obtained close to the station in about 'A fathoms on a muddy bottom. It has been observed in Greenland, Iceland, Scotland, Western Scandinavia, Spilzbergen, Nova Zembla, and near the winter quarters of tlic Vega. TELETHUSE^E. 14. ARENICOLA GLACIALIS Murdoch. Year. Name. Citations. 1884 Arenieola glacialis, Murdoch ' Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus.,vii,p. D22. This species is closely allied to Arenieola marina, but has only G setigerous segments anterior to the gills, and 11 gill-bearing segments instead of 7 and 13, as in A. marina. These numbers are constant in the five specimens obtained. The C abranchiate segments are each composed of 5 distinct annulations, and each bear a pair of simple tubercular feet. The dorsal seta? are all of one kind, about IS in number ; slender and slightly serrulate, the longest longer than the foot. The ventral seta? are 35 to 40 in uumber, and form a single row on each side of the ventral surface of the ring. They are short, slender, and simple, and barely project above the surface of the skin. The branchiate segments are each composed of G annulations. Each brarichia consists of one cluster of about 15 simple cirri annulated in contraction. The branchiae increase in size from the first to the ninth pair: the tenth and eleventh pairs are slightly smaller. The feet are small and tubercular; the dorsal seta?, 7, similar to those of the abranchiate segments, but only about two- thirds of their length. The ventral seta? are the same as in the abranchiate segments. The caudal portion is about one-third of the length of the animal, without tubercles or other appendages. Color, in alcohol, blackish gray, lighter on the ventral surface. Five specimens were picked up on the beach, after a fresh westerly wind, September 12 and 13, 18S2. A couple of mutilated specimens were also obtained from the gullet of an eider-duck which had been diving on one of the sandy patches in about 3 fathoms just above the station. Museum Nos., 851, 854. CKLORiEMIDiE. 15. BRADA GRANTJLATA Malm. i Year, i Name. I Citations. Ann. Polych., p. 85, p]. xii, fig. 7. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 172. Vega-Esp. Vetensk. Iakt., ii, p. 408. 1 1 This species was dredged in considerable numbers near the station, in about 3 fathoms, in August, 1883. It has been recorded from Greenland, Spitzbergen, and the northern coast of Siberia near the mouth of the Taimyr River (Yega Expedition). MALDANIDyE. 16. A long Maldauid worm, of a bright orange-scarlet color when living, was dredged on one of the patches of mud and sand close to the station, 'in about 2J or 3 fathoms of water, August 7, 1883. The only specimen preserved is a fragment of the body without either head or tail, and cannot be identified. 156 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. AMPHICTENID^]. 17. PBCTINARIA sp. A good many empty tubes of a species of Pectinaria were dredged on the muddy bottom jnst outside tlie grounded ice, in about 15 fathoms, and near the station on the sandy patches in about 3 fathoms. No living specimens were taken. This is perhaps P. granulata, as this species was obtained by the Vega Expedition as far east as Saint Lawrence Bay. Gephyrea. ECHIUBID^. 18. ECHIURUS VULGARIS (Savigny) Forbes. Tear. Name. Citations. 1820 3835 1841 1859 18G5 Syst. des Ann., p. 102. Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium ab H. Mertensio ot>s., p. 202. History of British Star-fishes, p. 263. xxxvii, p. 775. Histoire des Armeies, ii, p. 592. The specimens of Ecldurus brought home by the expedition cannot be distinguished from tho description of E. pallasii (=E. vulgaris) given by Quatrefages (loc. cit.). This species has heretofore been recorded from Great Britain and France. Brandt's description of E. sitclucnsis (loc. cit.) is not sufficiently detailed to enable me to tell whether it is the same species or not. This worm was quite abundant on the beach, near the station, after the great gales of September and October, 1881, and two specimens were dredged on the muddy bottom, in about 3 fathoms of water, August 9, 1883. SIPUNCULIDyE. 19. PHASCOLOSOMA sp. A good many specimens of a species of PhascoJosoma were dredged near the station in about 3 fathoms of water. They are so badly contracted in alcohol as to entirely disguise the specific characters. I was able to determine by dissection that they belong probably to the genus Phasco- lo3oma, but could make out nothing further. Nematoda. CH^TOGNATHA. 20. SAGITTA sp. A species of Sagitta occurred very rarely in the neighborhood of the station. One or two specimens were caught in the towing-net set under tlfe sea-ice March 1, 1883. A few were also observed after the sea opened in August, 1883. ECHINODERMATA. HOLOTIIUEIOIDEA. 1. PENTACTA FRONDOSA Jasg. Tear. ! Kame. Citations. 1780 1857 1801 1871 1875 Fauna Gnpnlnndiea, pp. 343, 344. Videnskabelige Mcddolclsor fraden Xaturhist. Foren. i Kjiiben.. p. 2. Oversisrt at Norses Eehiuodormcr, p. 100. Vidcnsk. Mccldel., 23, p. 30C. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 184. Cucumaria frondosa, Liitken EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 157 One small Pentacta was dredged in the rich haul off Point Franklin, August 31, 1883, and, as ■well as can be made out in its present condition, it belongs to this species. The species has been recorded from Massachusetts Bay to Labrador and Greenland, from Spitzbergen, and on the European coast as far south as Denmark and Great Britain. 2. LOPHOTHXJRIA PABRICII (D. & K.) Verrill. Year. Name. Citations. 1780 1788 1834 1851 1857 1857 1875 1878 18S2 Eolothuria squamata, 0. Fabricius Faun. Greenland., 348. Nova Acta Pe.tropolitana, ii, p. 244, tab. vii, tigs. 34-37. ProclroimiH descriptionis animaliuni ab H. Mertcnsio observa- torurn. Recucil des actos do la seanco pnbliquo de l'academie imperialo des sciences de St. Petersbourg, p. 247. Sibirischo Eeise, ii, p. 450. Crustacea and Eebiuodermata of the Pacific Coast of North Amer- ica, from Jour, of Bost. Soc. of Nat. Hist., vi, p. 85. Vidensk. Meddel., p. 13. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 184. Denksokr. d. it. Akad. d. Wisseuchaften, xxxv, pp. 350, 388. Vega-Expeditionens "VetenskapligalaUttagelscr, i, p. 713. Dredged in great abundance off Poiut Franklin in 13£ fathoms, and also dragged up on cod- lines in about 18 or 20 fathoms off the mouth of Plover Bay, Eastern Siberia. This species has been recorded from Greenland, south to Massachusetts Bay, from Bering Sea (St. Paul's Island, Brandt teste Liitken), Sitka (Brandt), and the Arctic Ocean north of BeriBg Strait (Stuxberg). 3. MYRIOTROCHUS RINKII Steenst. Tear. Name. Citations. 1851 1852 1857 1867 1871 1874 1875 1878 1882 1882 Vidensk. Meddel., p. 55, pi. iii, figs. 7-10. Appendix to Sutherland's "Journal of a Voyage to Baffin's Bay and Barrow Strait," ii, p. ccxi. Vidensk. Meddel., p. 22. Memoirs Bost. Societ. Nat. Hist., i, p. 269. Vidensk. Meddel., 23, p. 306. 2te Deutsche Nbrdpolarfahrt, ii, p. 258. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 184. Oefversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forkandlingar, 35, p. 28. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 695, et seq. Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition, vi, Zoologi, p. 28, pi. v, figs. 1-4. Myriotrochus rinkii, Packard Myriotrochus rinkii, Danielssen and Koren. This species was dredged in abundance off the station, on the muddy bottom, interspersed with patches of mud and sand mixed, in 2£ to 15 fathoms. It has heretofore been reported from Greenland (Steenstrup, Liitken), Labrador (Packard), and Nova Zembla (Stuxberg). [? Wellington Channel (Sutherland).] Liitken considers the Chirodota brevis of Huxley to be this species, but Danielssen and Keren consider that as Huxley in his description says nothing of the calcareous wheels being peduncu- lated it must be considered as a distinct species (= Oligotroclms vitreus M. Sars), for which they propose the name Myriotrochus brevis. 4. ? TROCHOSTOMA BORBALE (M. Sars) Dan. and Ko. Tear. Name. Citations. 1858 1861 1882 Molpadia borealis, M. Sars Molpadia borealis, M. Sars Trochostoma (Molpadia) boreale, Daniels- sen and Koren. Forhandl. i Vidensk. Selsk. i Christiania, p. 173. Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer, p. 116, pis. 12, 13. Den Norsko Nordhavs-Expedition, vi, Zoologi. p. 64, pi. x, figs. 7-11. A single specimen was picked up on the beach near the station, in July, 18S2. The perforated calcareous plates appear to have the perforations smaller in proportion than those figured by Sars and Danielssen and Koren, but in the absence of more specimens, and especially of identified material for comparison, I cannot venture to pronounce it different. 158 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. The species has been recorded from the Norwegian coast and the North Atlantic. Molpadia violacea, which occurs in large numbers off Kerguelen Island, is considered by Dan- lelssen and Koren (op. cit., p. 65) to be identical with this species. ECHINOIDEA. 5. STRONGYLOCENTROTUS DROBACHIENSIS (Mull. ) A. Ag. Year. Name. Citations. 1780 1834 1851 1852 1857 1861 1871 1874 1S75 1878 1878 1882 Fauna Grcenlandica, Ho. 368. Prodromus dcscriptionis, &c, p. 264. Sibirische Beise, ii, p. 34. In Sutherland's "Journal oi'a Voyage, &c.,'' ii, App. Vidensk. Meddel., p. 24. Oversigt at' Norgcs Eebinodermer, p. 95. Vidensk. Meddel., 23, p. 306. 2te Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt, ii, p. 259. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 184. Denksehr. <1. K. Akad. der Wissen., hit, pp. 359, 385. OefY. afK. Vetensk. Akad.Forhandl., 35, p. 29. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. lakt,, i, pp. 705, 706, 708. p. ccxiv. Toxopneusies drbbachiensis, Liitken Toxopneustes drobachunsis, Liitken Strongylocenlvotus drobachiensis, v. Maren- zeller. A few dry tests were picked up on the beach near the station, during the summer of 18S2. The living animals were dredged in very great abundance off Point Eranklin in 13i fathoms, and were also quite abundant off Port Clarence, in 7£ fathoms, on a pebbly bottom. A few were also taken in about 5 fathoms, on a similar bottom, at the head of Norton Sound. This species is abundant all round the northern parts of both hemispheres. ASTERIOIDEA. 6. ASTERIAS ACERVATA Stimpson. Tear. Name. Citations. 1861) 18625 Proceed. Boston Society of Natural History, viii, p. 271. Bather small specimens of this species, 3 or 4 inches in diameter, were washed up on the beach in considerable numbers after the great gale of October 4, 1881, but none were afterwards found in any of our dredging near the station. One large individual, however, was dredged at ths head of Norton Sound, in 5£ fathoms, on a pebbly bottom. This species was described by Stimpson from specimens brought by the North Pacific Explor- ing Expedition from Bering Strait and the Arctic Ocean north of the Strait! My specimens have been compared with one of Stimpson's own identification in the National Museum. 7. ? ASTERIAS VIOLACEA O. F. Miiller. Tear. Name. Citations. 1789 1841 1842 Axterias violacea, 0. F. Miiller Zooloaia Danica, pi. 46, figs. 4-5. British Starfishes, p. 91. System der Asteriden, p. 16. 1 A&teracanthion violaceus, Miiller and Xro- schel. Numbers of a large purple Asterias were dredged in about 5 fathoms, on a pebbly bottom, at the head of Norton Sound. I refer it with extreme doubt to this species as I have been unable to see auy identified speci- mens of violacea or rubens and the literature at my command is exceedingly unsatisfactory. The species will probably turn out to be undescribed, but I do not feel sufficiently familiar with the group to venture on a description. It is undoubtedly closely allied to the common European forms rubens and violacea, if, indeed, the latter be a distinct species. EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 159 8. ASTERIAS sp. A few specimens of a small Asterias with five arms were dredged in about 7 fathoms, ou a pebbly bottom, off Port Clarence. They undoubtedly belong to the genus Asterias, but the species is not determinable with any means at my command. 9. LEFTASTERIAS ARCTICA (Stimpson). Off Point Franklin, in 13J fathoms, we dredged large numbers of a small starfish which cannot bo distinguished from a dried specimen in the National Museum, brought from Bering Strait by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition and labeled in Dr.'Sthnpson's handwriting Asterias arc- tica var. a. I have been unable to find a published description of this species. The size and position of the papulae on the back and sides of the arms show that it belongs to Verrill's genus Leptasterias. The following is a description of the species : Bays five, rounded above, elongated, tapering regularly to the tips. Eadii as 1:3.5. Disk small, its radius about equal to width of ray at base. Interambulacral spines round and slender with rounded tips, usually two to each plate. No small spines between these and the ventral spines. Yentral spines form a double row of alternating spines, of which the upper are the smaller and the lower are larger and stouter than the interam- bulacrals. Lateral spines rather slender, forming a single row. No well-marked dorsal row, though the spines in the middle of the arm are rather the larger. The dorsal spines are short and stont, with rounded, almost capitate, tips. The spines of the disk are rather smaller than those of the arms and are arranged irregularly. The major pedicellarise could not be well made out, but appeared to be lanceolate and not numerous. The minor pedicellarise form close wreaths around the spines. Diameter of the largest specimen about 75 mm . 10. CRIBRELLA SANGUINOLENTA (Mull.) Ltk. Tear. Name. Citations. 1776 1780 1851 1857 18G1 1871 1875 1878 1882 Asterias sanguinolenta, 0. 1?. Miiller Zoologi® Danicae Prodroruus, 234. Favma Grcenlandica, 363. Sibirische Reise, ii, p. 32. Vldensk. Meddel., p. 31. Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer, p. 84. Vidensk. Meddel, 23, p. 307. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 185. Oefv.afK.Vetensk.-Akad. ForhandL, 35. p. 32. Vega Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 707, 708, 713. " Cribrella sanguinolenta, Liitken JCchina-stcr sanauinolentus, Stuxberg Echinaster sanguinolenlus, Stuxberg One large specimen and a number of very small ones were dredged off Point Franklin, but none were obtained elsewhere. The species has been recorded from the eastern coast of North America, from Nantucket Shoals to Labrador and Greenland, and southward on the European coast to Norway and Great Britain, also from Nova Zembla, Spitzbergen, the Arctic Ocean north of Bering Strait, and the Sea of Ochotsk (Brandt teste Lutken, op. cit., p. G2). 11. CROSSASTER PAPPOSUS (Phipps) Mull, and Tr. Tear. Name. Citations. 1774 1780 1824 1834 1840 1842 •1852 Voyage to-rard the North Pole, p. 396. Fauna Grcenlandica, p. 369. Supplementary Appendix to Capt. Parry's Voyage, p. cexxii. Prodr. Descrip., p. 271. Wiegman's Archiv, ,Tabrg., ri, i, p. 321. System der Asteriden, p. 26. In Sutherland's " Journal of a Voyage, &c," ii, App., p. ccxiv. Vidensk. Meddel., p. 40. • Oversint af Norges Echinodermer, p. 76. Virlen3k. Meddel., 23. p. 307. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manna], p. 185. Oefv. af K. Veteusk.-Akad. Forliandl.. 35, p. 31. Voga-Exp. Veteusk. Iakt., i, pp. 637, 700, 705. Asterias papp osa, Sabine Asterias affinis et alboverrucosa, Brandt . .. Orossaster papposvs, Miiller and Troschel. Solaster papposus, Miiller and Troschel 1857 1861 1871 Solaster papposus, Liitken 1875 1878 Solaster papposus, Liitken 1882 160 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. A good many were found washed up on the beach after the great gales in the autumn of 1881, and a few were afterwards picked up during the season of open water of 1882. Three small speci- mens were dredged in 13J fathoms off Point Franklin. The species has been recorded from the eastern coast of North America (Massachusetts Bay to Greenland), Iceland and the Faroes, Scandinavia to the English Channel, Nova Zenibla, Spitz- bergen (Phipps and Liitken), and Bering Strait (Brandt). 12. SOL ASTER ENDBCA (Lin.) Forbes. Tear. Name. Citations. 1875 1834 1839 1853 1857 1861 1875 Asterias endeca var. decemradiata, Brandt. Solastcr endccx, Forbes Prodromus Descr., &c, p. 271. Memoirs Wernerian Society, viii, p. 121. Marino Invertebrata of Grand Manan, p. 14. Vidensk. Meddel-, p. 35. Oversigt af Norges Eehinodermcr, p. 75. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 185. Solaster endeca, M. Sars A few were washed up on the beach, after the gales in the autumn of 1881. No more were seen till the rich haul off Point Franklin, August 31, 1883, when three good-sized specimens were taken. The species has been recorded from Greenland south to the Gulf of Maine, and from Iceland, the Faroes, Finland, Norway, and on the British coast to the south of Ireland; also from Sitka (8. endeca var. decemradiata Brandt). Ophiuroidea. 13. OPHIOGLYPHA SARSII (Liitk.) Lyman. Tear. Name. Citations. 1854 1857 1858 1861 1865 1866 1871 1875 1878 1878 1882 Ophiura sarsii et coriacca, Liitken Vidensk. Meddel., p. 101. Vidensk. Meddel., p. 49. Additamenta ad Historiam Opliiuridarura, p. 42. Oversigt af Norges Echiuodermer, p. 23. Illust, Cat. Mus. Corop. Zool., i, p. 41, figs. 2 and 3. Ophiuroidea viventia hncusque cognita. Oefv. af K. Vetensk. - Akad. Fcirhandl. xxxiii, p. 307. Vidensk. Meddel., xxiii. p. 307. (Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 185. Denkscbr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss., xxxv, pp. 359, 382. Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forbandl., xxxv, p. 34. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 697 ct seq. Ophiura sarsii, M. Sars Ophioglypha sarsii, v. Maienzeller Ophioglypha sarsi, Stuxberg A large and dark-colored form of this species was found very abundaut off Point Franklin in 13J fathoms. The species has been recorded from New England, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Labrador, Greenland, England, Norway, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla (and between Nova Zembla and Franz Josef Land during the drift of the Tegethoff), and as far east as longitude 65° 20' east (Kara Sea), also from the sea of Ochotsk (teste Ljungman). 14. OFHIOGLYPH ft. ROBUSTA (Ayres) Lyman. Tear. Name. Citations. 1851 1852 1854 1857 1858 186 L 1865 I860 1871 1874 Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iv, p. 134. Sutherland's Journal of a Voyage, &c, ii, app.,p. cciv. Vidensk. Meddel., p. 100. Vidensk. Meddel., p. 53. Addit. ad Hist. Op., p. 46. Oversigt af Norges Ecbinodermer, p. 22. Illust. Oat. Mus. Comp. Zool., i. p. 45. • Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxxiii, p. 308. Vidensk. Meddel., xxiii, p. 307. 2te Deutsche Nordpolari'., ii. p. 259. (Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 185. Denskchr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss.. xxxv, pp. 359, 382. Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Fib handl., xxxv, p. 34. Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, p. 706. Oph iura squamosa, Liitken Ophiura squamosa, M. Sars Ophioglypha robusta, Lyman Ophioglypha robusta, Ljnngruau Oph iogb/pha squamosa, Liitken 1875 1878 1878 Ophioglypha robusta, v. Marenzellcr 18S2 Ophioglypha robusta, Stuxberg EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 161 This species was dredged in very great abundance off Point Franklin in 13£ fathoms. Some individuals have the papillae of the arm-comb obsolete. The species has been recorded from New England, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Labrador, Well- ington Channel, Greenland, the Faroes, the Shetland Islands, England, Denmark, Norway, Spitz- bergen, Nova Zembla (and to the northward during the drift of the Tegethoff), and the Kara Sea as far east as longitude G5° 20' east. 15. OPHIOGLYPHA NODOSA (Ltk.) Lyman. Year. Name. Citations. 1854 1S57 1858 1865 1866 1871 1875 1878 1882 Vidensk. Meddel., p. 100. Vidensk. Meddel., p. 51. Addit. ad Hist. Oph., p. 48. Illust. Cat. Mua. Comp. Zoiil., i, p. 49. Oci'v. at' K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxxiii Vidensk. Meddel., xxiii, p. 307. (Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 185. Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Fiirhandl., xxxt, Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 095-713. , p. 308. p. 34. Ophioglypha nodosa, Ljunginan One good-sized specimen was obtained on the muddy bottom just outside the grounded ice in 15 fathoms, August 8, 1883, and one or two small ones near the station in 2i-3 fathoms. Twenty- five small specimens were obtained in the rich haul off Point Franklin August 31, 1883. The color of this species when alive is a bright crimson above and white underneath. It has been recorded from Newfoundland, Greenland, and Spitzbergen, and the Swedish expe- ditions obtained it at various points along the northern coast of Siberia from Nova Zembla to the Vega's winter quarters. 16. OPHIOPHOLIS ACULEATA (Retz.) Gray. Tear. Name. Citations. 1733 1780 17S0 1840 1842 1848 1854 1857 1858 1861 18G6 1871 1875 1878 1878 1882 De Stellis Marinis, p. 52. pi. xi, fig. 71. Fauna Grosnlandica, p. 371. Asterise Genera, p. 240. Wiegman's Archiv, Jalirir. 0, i, p. 328. Sjstem der Asteriden, p. 96. Eadiated Animals of the British Museum, p. 25. Vidensk. Meddel., p. 103. Vidensk. Meddel., p. 52. Addit. ad Hist. Oph., pt. i, p. 00, pi. ii, figs. 15, 10. Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer, p. 14. Oefv. at' K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxxiii, p. 325. Vidensk. Meddel., xxiii, p. 307. (Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 185. Denkschr. d. K. ATjad. d. Wiss., xxxv, pp. 359, 383. Oefv. af K. Vetensk. -Akad. Forhandl.. xxxv, p. 36. Vega-Exp. Vetenksk. Iakt., i, p. 706. Ophiolepis acvleata, Miiller and Troschel. Ophiolepis ( Ophiopholis ) scolopendrica, Miiller and Troschel. Ophiopholis aculeata, v. Marenzeller We found this species very abundant and of large size off Point Franklin in 13i fathoms. The specimens brought home are indistinguishable from O. aculeata from the New England coast, except for the fact that the small deciduous spines on the dorsal surface of the disk are a trifle larger and more numerous, and the skin round the mouth and on the under surface of the arms appears a little thicker. This occurrence indicates a circumpolar distribution for the species. It would have been natural to suppose that the allied Pacific-coast species, O. Kennerlyi Lyman, would be found extending up from the temperate regions into the Arctic Ocean, as O. aculeata does on the Atlantic side. The occurrence of this Atlantic form in this part of the Arctic Ocean may be compared with the occurrence at Point Barrow of two species of birds (Pelidna subarquata, and Actodromas fusci- collis) heretofore supposed to be confined to the eastern coast of the continent. O. aculeata occurs abundantly on the coast of New England, Newfoundland, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Labrador, Greenland, Iceland, the Faroes, Norway, the Baltic, the British Islands, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla (and north towards Franz Josef Land), and the Kara Sea as far east as longitude 65° 35' east. (Swedish Expeditions.) H. Ex. 44 21 162 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 17. ASTROPHYTON sp. While we were fishing for cod in about 18 or 20 fathoms off the East Head of Plover Bay, East- ern Siberia, on the voyage up in 1881, the hooks brought up several fragments of arms and two small, complete individuals of a species of Astrophyton of a bright orange red. As the alcohol was out of reach in the hold, I endeavored to preserve these specimens dry, but they were unfortunately lost in the confusion of landing and building our house in unfavorable weather. ANTHOZOA. Alcyonaria. ALCYONID^E. 1. ALCYONIUM RUBIFORME Dana. Year. Name. Citations. 1834 1SS5 184G 1863 1865 1869/ 1870) Corallen des Botben Meeros, p. 158. Prodr. Descrip., &c, p. 7 (207). Zoophytes, TJ. S. Exploring Expedition, p. C25. Mem. Bost. Society Nat. Hist., i, p. 4. Proc. Essex Inst., iv, p. 190. Notes on Radiata, from Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., i, p. 459 (reprint 1869-70). Alcijonium rubiforme, Dana Alcyonium rubiforme, Verrill < This species was found washed up on the beach in considerable numbers after gales of wind, while the sea remained open. It was dredged in great abundance on the rich ground west of Point Eranklin, in 13J fathoms. Two small specimens were obtained on a pebbly bottom off Port Clar- ence, in 7£ fathoms, September 4, 1883, and one large and very pale specimen came from a similar bottom at the head of Norton Sound, in 5 fathoms. We also obtained this species on our fishing- lines when catching codfish in about 25 fathoms of water off the entrance to Plover Bay, Siberia. Its color when fresh is a bright strawberry red. The species has been recorded as occurring in the Arctic Ocean north of Bering Strait, and on the west coast of the strait (North Pacific Exploring Expedition), also Seniavin Strait (Brandt). It also occurs on the banks of Newfoundland, where it is known to the American fishermen as "sea strawberries," according to Capt. J. W. Collins, of the U. S. Eish Commission, and in the Northern seas of Europe. Alcyonium sp., mentioned in the Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser, i, as occurring in the Siberian Arctic Ocean, probably refers to this species. ACTINARIA. ACTINLD^E. 2. URTICINA CRASSICORNIS Enr. Year. 177G 1780 180G 1834- 1847 1853 1864 1869 1869? 1870$ 1875 | 1878 Name. Citations. Actinia crassicomis, Mtiller : Prodr. Zool. Danic, p. 231. Actinia spectabilis, O. Fabricius j Fauna Grcenlandica, 351. 1 Actinia holsatica, Miiller ! Zool. Danica, iv, p. 23. pi. 139. Ieacmcea ( Vrticina) crassicomis, Ehrenberg' Corallen des Eothcn Mceres, p. 33. t Actinia clegantissima, Brandt j Prodromna Descr. Anim., &c.,p. 13. ? Actinia Lav.rr.ntii, Brandt ! Op. cit.,p.i::.' lihodactinia Dauisii, Agassiz j Comptes-rendus, xxxv, p. G77. Actinia obtruncataand. carneola, Stimpson. ! Invert. Grand lianan, p. 7. Wwdaclinia Davisii, Verrill ' Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. hist., i, p. 13, pi. i, fig. 9. Vrticina crassicomis, Verrill I Synopsis of the Polyps and Corals of the North Pacific Expl. Exp., Part, iv, p. 28 (from Proc. Essex Inst., vi). Vrticina crassicomis, Verrill { j ^1^8%%?°™ Trans - CoaD - Al ' ad - Arts an(1 Sci ' i ' P' 40y Actinia (Vrticina) crassicomis, LUtken.-.l (Nominal List.) Arctic Manual, p. 18G. Vrticina felina, v. Marenzeller j Denkschr. der K. Akadeni. der Wisseu., xxxv, pp. 35S and 379. EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 163 The largo sea anemones brought home by the expedition belong, in all probability, to this species, as well as can be made out from alcoholic specimens. The color, when living, varied from bright orange-red to crimson, frequently in splashy stripes on a paler ground. Large numbers were washed ashore during the great gales iu the autumn of 1881, and they were occasionally picked up on the beach during the season of open water of 1SS2. They appeared to be rather plenty on what was called the "fishing-ground," a place about two miles from the shove, where the natives were catching polar cod through the ice in 10 to 15 fathoms of water. A few large ones were dredged off Point Franklin, in 13 J fathoms. This species is circumpolar in its distribution, and is recorded from Greenland, Norway, Ice- land, England, the east coast of North America as far south as Cape Cod, Bering Strait, Sitka, Paget Sound, and the Arctic Ocean between Nova Zembla and Franz Josef Land. Subfamily PHELLINZE. 3. ? PHELLIA ARCTICA Verrill. Tear. Namo. Citations. 1868 1809? 18705 Proc. Essex Inst., vol. v, p. 328. Notes on Eadiata, p. 490 [from Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., . i], (reprint 1869-70). Several specimens of a rather small polyp, with a rough thickened epidermis and covered with grains of sand, were dredged off the station, in from 2J to 5 fathoms, especially on the patches of mud and sand mixed. All the specimens have the disk and tentacles retracted, and are much shrunk in the alcohol, so that identification is practically impossible. They are very likely to belong to this species, which was described by Verrill from a single specimen brought home by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition from the Arctic Ocean north of Bering Strait, in 30 fathoms of water. A species of Phellia, which is probably the same as this, was obtained by the Austro- Hungarian Expedition, in 1873, during their drift between Nova Zembla and Franz Josef Land. A third species of Actinoid polyp also occurred on the beach in large numbers among the large sea anemones. Specimens were obtained, but were spoiled in the attempt at preservation. In contraction, it appears to be devoid of a sucking disk at the base, and takes a spherical form. The color is white and translucent like pure paraffine, and the radiating septa are visible through the walls, giving it the appearance of a large gooseberry. HYDROZOA. My drawings of Medusae observed near Point Barrow, with the notes I made concerning them have been referred to Mr. J. W. Fewkes, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., who has kindly examined them, and presents the following report: LIST OF THE MEDUSJE FEOM NEAR POINT BARROW, ARCTIC OCEAN. By J. Walter Fewkes, Ph. D. CTENOPHOEA. Beroe roseola (sp. Ag.). Mertensia ovum Morch. PleurobracJiia rJiododactyla Ag. DISCOPHOEA. Aurelia labiata ? Cham, et Eyren. Cyanea Postelsii ? Br. Chrysaora melanaster Br. Large Discophore, "rich blue violet" in color. 164 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. TRACHYMEDUSA. JEgina citrea Esch. Aglaniha Camtschatica Haeck. (sp. A. Ag\). HYDEOIDA (GONOPHORES). Gemmaria f Mellccrtum sp. '? Sarsia rosaria Haeck. Staitrophora Mertensii f Br. Medusa resembling Turris. Chrysaora melanaster Bkandt. Umbrella flat, disk-shaped; radius, a little more than height; diameter, 1 foot. Aboral sur- face marked with 16 radial stripes of brownish color; 32 marginal lobes, each rounded and destitute of margiual teetb. Sense lappets slightly broader than the tentacular. Oral arms 4 in number; length, 3°; stout at common origin, tapering to pointed extremity, and abundantly fringed with folds on inner margin. Sense bodies, 8. Tentacles, 24; length, 3'. There are 3 ten- tacles between each pair of sense bodies. Color, bell, mouth-arms, light brown; radial stripes of the umbrella darker; tentacles, dark brown; frills on the oral arms, reddish. Locality, Point Barrow. Taken iu August, 1883. From the colored sketches it is not difficult to distinguish this species as C. melanaster. Of other species which the drawings resemble might be mentioned the closely-allied C. helvola Brandt. They differ from the latter in not having teethed marginal lappets, in the tentacles being shorter (in helvola they are as long as the mouth-arms), and in the colors. The colors agree more closely with those of G. melanaster than of helvola. There are, however, several differences. The varieties of color in C. meditcrranea from different localities have been described by Haeckel, and, consider- ing the great variation which he has shown to exist in the same species, we must not lay any great stress on differences of color as a distinguishing feature of different species of Chrysaora. The species (C. melanaster), according to Brandt, is never "less than a foot in diameter" (meaning, of course, the adult). Mr. Murdoch's drawings, therefore, represent small, perhaps young, specimens. The sixteen accessory, small, marginal lappets, which in older forms differen- tiate themselves from the sixteen ocular lappets, are not represented in the drawings. We may account for their absence from the youth of the specimens drawn. iBgina citrea Escn. Since the original description of this species by Esckscholtz in 1S29 it has never been reob- served. The locality from which the specimen which he described was taken is 34° N. lat, 201° W. long., North Pacific. Eschscholtz described two species of JEgina, A. rosea and A. citrea. The JEgina collected by Mr. Murdoch resembles more closely the descriptions of the latter. Alexander Agassiz, in "North American Acaleplne," described from Nahant, Mass., a new genus of hydroid jelly-fishes, which he called Campanella (sp. pachyderma) ; this genus is referred by Haeckel to JEgina, under the name of A. pachyderma. The anatomy of Campanella is very different from that of JEgina, and unless, with Haeckel, we regard these differences, following Alexander Agassiz's descriptions, as "Beobachtungs fehlern," we can hardly look upon the two as belonging to the same genus. If Campanella is generically different from JEgina, it is necessary to substitute the name JBginaria Haeckel for it, since, as Haeckel has well observed, Campanella was applied in 1820 to an Infusorian. A new description is necessary before we can certainly know that JEginaria is generically different from JEgina. Of other species of JEgina, A. rhodina Haeck. and A. Canetricnsis Haeck. were found in the Canaries, and A. Esohscholtmii Haeck. in the Azores. The six known .species, according to Haeckel, "gehoven sainmtlick der warmeren Zone der nordlichen Erdluilfte." Mr. Murdoch's observation of A. citrea in the Arctic Ocean shows, however, that the genus has a wider distribution as far as EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 165 temperature is concerned. Considering, as Haeekel does, that u Camp0MeUa n is a species of JEgina, hi* remarks on its limitations in distribution do not hold, for the distribution as known when " Das System der Medusen" was written. The only locality where "Campanclla" has been taken is Nahaut, Mass., which certainly is washed by cold waters and belongs to the colder zone. It is a significant fact that "Campanella" has never been taken in the bays south of Cape Cod, where the water is much warmer. The medusae of Massachusetts Bay are those characteristic of colder waters, while those of Narragansett Bay, which is south of Cape Cod, belong to the warmer zone of the North Atlantic. "Campanella" is found in the colder waters, and systematic fishing for a number of years in the latter locality has never brought it to light. Locality. — Cape Smythe, Alaska. Aglantha camtschatica Haeck. The figures add a little to our knowledge of this species. Alexander Agassiz, in his descrip- tion (North American Acalephse) of the same from Galiano Island, Gulf of Georgia, says there are from 40 to 48 tentacles. Mr. Murdoch's notes record "96 tentacles." The " three-lobed manubrium," mentioned in the same notes, must have been observed in an abnormal specimen (normally there are never less than four lobes). TIME OF YEAR WHEN JELLY-FISHES MENTIONED IN THE LIST ABOVE WERE TAKEN. B. roseola, March 7, July 18. M. ovxim, August 2. P. rliododactyla, July 18 (in all stages of growth). A. labiata, August and September. C. Postelsii, August to September 15, January 7, February C. Ch. melanaster, August 11 to October 13. A. citrea, February 27 to May 31. Ag. Camtschatica, July 18. Gemmaria, August 2. Melicertum, May 24. 8. rosaria, March 9, April 26. St. Mcrtensii, August and September. TurrisUJce Medusa, March 13. HYDROZOA. HYDROIDA {Trophosomes). The Hydroid Medusae observed by the expedition have been described above by Mr. Fewkes. The following species of Hydroids are represented in the collection by their Irophosomes. 1. SERTULARIA VARIABILIS S. F. Clark. .Year.' Same. Citations. ', 1870 ' Seriularia variabilis. S. F. Clark : Scientific Results of the Exploration of Alaska, i. p. 17. pi. -viii, figs. 40-48. pi. ix. tigs. 49, 50. One large cluster and some fragments were dredged on a pebbly bottom in 5 fathoms near the head of Norton Sound. Clark has described the species from various points on the coast of Alaska, both i'roin among the Aleutian Islands and from Bering Sea. 166 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 2. SERTULARELLA TRICUSPIDATA Hincks. Tear. Nunc. Citations. ]86S 1874 1875 3870 British Hydroid Zoophytes, p. 239, pi. 47, fig. 1. 2to Deutsche Nordpolarf., ii, p. 416. (Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 190. Sclent. Ees. of ExpL of Alaska, i, p. 20. Sertidarclla tricuspidata, Kirclicnpauer... Sertularclla tricuspidata, S. F. Clark This was dredged in very great abundance off Point Franklin, in 13J fathoms. It has been recorded from the Aleutian Islands and the Shumagins, and also from Greenland. 3. THUIARIA CYUNDRICA S. F. Clark. Year. Namo. Citations. 1876 Thuiaria cyllndrica, S. IT. Clark Sclent. Res. of Expl. of Alaska, i, p. 22, pl. x, fig. 57. i Several specimens of a Thuiaria were dredged off Point Franklin in 13J fathoms, which I refer with some doubt to this species. It differs from Clark's types in the National Museum in having the longitudinal rows of hydro- theere less obvious, and the apertures of the hydrothecae directed alternately in opposite directions. This species was originally described from the eastern shores of Bering Sea. 4. TTJBULARIA sp. A good-sized species of Tubularia, closely resembling T. indivisa, but apparently having more numerous oral tentacles, and of a bright crimson color, both stem and head, was quite abundant on the patches of mud and sand mixed, close to the station, in 2J to 3 fathoms of water. TUNICATA. ASCIDIACEA. ASCIDEE SIMPL1CES. 1. ? BOLTENIA sp. Several large Boltenias, in form closely resembling the ordinary B. bolteni of the Atlantic coast, were found washed up on the beach October 13, 1881, after a heavy westerly gale. They were a brilliant red in color. The same (?) species was also dragged up by the cod-lines in about 18 or 20 fathoms of water off the mouth of Plover Bay, Eastern Siberia. 2. ? MOLGULA sp. A small round Ascidian, always covered with sand, and probably a species of Molguld, was dredged in considerable numbers on the patches of mud and sand mixed, in about 2A- fathoms, close to the station. 3. HALO CYNTHIA PYRIFORMIS (Rathke) Veil. Year. Same. Citations. 1780 1788 1842 1871 1875 Zool. Danica, ir, p. 41, pl. clvi, figs. 1, 2. Faun. Greenl., 322 (teste Mtken). Nova Acta Petropolitana, ii, p. 246, pl. vii, fig. 3S. Nat. Tids., i E., iv, p. 95. American Journal of Conckology, vii, pt. 2, p. 157. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 138. A single rather small specimen of this species was picked up on the beach near the station. Mr. Dall found it of large size and brilliant coloring at Plover Bay, Eastern Siberia, and at Petro- paulo vsk, Ka mtschatka. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 167 It is recorded on the eastern coast of North America from Massachusetts Bay to Greenland, and also from Norway. Pallas (loc. cit.) records it from the Knrile Islands, but the specimens of Lophotlturiafabricii, in association with which this species was brought to him, arc believed to have come from St. Paul's Island, Bering Sea. Thaliacea. 4. ? SALPA HERCULBA Dall. 1 lYear. Name. Citations. i~1871 Amciican Journal of Concliolojty, vii, pt. 2, p. 158. As we approached the Aleutian Islands in August, 1881, we observed many enormous solitary Sctljpa', 4 or 5 inches in length. Judging by their size and the red color of the viscera, they probably belong to the species provisionally described by Mr. Dall as above. Larvacea. 5. APPENDICULARIA ap. From August 8 to 15, 1S83, the water swarmed with myriads of a large Appendicularia floating backwards and forwards with the tide. The animals were extricating themselves from their "houses" and swimming free. The discarded "houses" continued to drift about for days, and were washed up on the beach in windrows. POLYZOA. The study of the Polyzoa brought home by the expedition has been attended with great diffi- culty on account of the absence of identified material in the National Museum for comparison. I have been able to make out three species, which were preserved in alcohol. They are as follows : GHILOSTOMATA. 1. GEMELLARIA LORICATA (Lin.) Busk Tear. Name. Citations. 1758 18G7 1875 1878 1878 1882 Syst. Naturae edit, x, p. S15. Oef v. af K. Vetensk-Akad. ForLandl., xxiv, p. 286, pi. xvii, fig. 54. (Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 140. Denksclvr. d. K. Akad. d. Wisa., xxxv, p. 389. OelV. af K. Vetensk-Akad. ForLandl., xxxv, p. 18. Yega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 097-705 (passim). Gcmelluria loricata, v. Mareuzeller One large cluster was found washed up on the beach near the station. It has been recorded from the Baltic, Norway, Spitzbergen, Greenland, England, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, New England, Nova Zembla, and northwards towards Franz Josef Land during the drift of the Tegethoff. 2. FLUSTRA FAPYREA (Pall.) Siritt. Year. Name. Citations. X8G7 1875 1878 ElencLus ZoopLvt.,p. 5G. Oefv. af K. Veteiisk-Akad. Fuiliandl., xxir, p. 350, pi. xx, fifrs. 9-11. (Nominal list). Arctic Manual, p. 140. Oefv. af Vetensk-Akad. Fiirhandl., xxxt, No. 3, p. 10. . Fk'stra popi/racea, Liitkeu Fii'.stra fmpyrca, Smitt This species occurred in very great abundance oft' Point Franklin, in 13k fathoms. 168 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. It lias been found on tbe eastern coast of North America north of Cape God, in Greenland, the Mediterranean (teste Smitt), and the Atlantic from the British islands to Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla. 3. LEIESCHARA SUBGRACILIS (D'Orb.) Smitt. L 1 Year, i Name. ! Citations. 1780 1863 1867 1875 1878 1878 1882 Millcpora truneata, 0. Fabricius Myriozoum subgracile, Packard Fauna Groenl., p. 433. Can. Kativr. & lieol., viii, p. 411, pi. ii, fig. 5. Oefv. at' K. VetenskAkad. Fbibandl., xxiv, Bibang, p. IS. (Nominal list). Arctic Manual, p. 140. Denksehr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss., jxxv, p. 389. Oefv. af K. Yetensk-Akad. Forhandl., xxxv, No. 3, p. 20. Vega-Exp. Yctensk. Iakt., i,pp. 697-700 (passim). Ulyriozoon subyracile, Liitken Myriozoum subgracile, v. Harenzeller Leieschara subgracilis, Smitt. This was very abundant off Point Franklin. It lias been previously obtained in Labrador, (Packard), Greenland (Fabricius and Liitken), Spitzbergen, and Nova Zembla (Swedish expeditions), and north of Nova Zembla towards Franz Josef Laud (Austro-Hungarian Expedition). Membra nipora sp. and Discojpora t sp. were found incrusting tbe dead gastropod shells that washed up on the beacb. At least two other other species of Polyzoa, which at present cannot be determined, were dredged off Point Franklin. POEIFERA. At least three large species of sponges, one (probably) keratose and two (or three ?) silicious w-ere dredged off Point Franklin. They were all obtained inconsiderable abundance, and are in a good state of preservation, but are quite indeterminable with the resources at my command. They will have to be reserved for future special study. SUMMARY OF CRUSTACEA AND PYCNOGONIDA. Specie3. CRUSTACEA. Chioncecetes opilio Hyas latifrons Eupagurus trigonoclieivus. Eupagurus splendescens . . Cheraphilus boreas Nectocrangon lar Crangon vulgaris Hippoly to fabricii Hippolyte gaimardii Hippolyte spinus Hippolyte phippsii Pandalus dapifer Mysis rayii 1 Diastylis lathkii var Diastylis sp Diastylis sp Arcturns hystrix Chiridotea cntomon Chiridotea sabinei Synidotea bicuspida Hyperia medusarum Theroisto libellula Enry tenes gryllus Onisimus litoralis Stegocephalus ampulla Easirns enspidatus o M F-i CJ 3 a a t-t o a s o xn W fH O a o a u M o o o F4 Ph Ph te * * * * * * * + * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A Species. Crustacea — continued. Kliachotropis aculeata Acantbostepbeia malmgreni- Paramphithoe panopla Acantbozone pelyacantba . .. Atylus swaminerdamii Gammarus locusta Melita t'ormosa Melita lconis Ganimaracanthus loricatus .. Dulichia arc tica Lepidurus glacialis Branchinecta paludosa Polyartemia bazeni Balanus ? porcat us Peltogaster paguri Daphnia ? sp Cyclops ? sp ryc.NOcoxiDA. Nympbon crossipes.. Nympbon longitarse. Total, Crustacea, 44. Pycnogonida, 2 29 21 Note. tundra. -The locality (Point Barrow) includes the beach and sea near the station, Elson Bay, and the fresh-water ponds of the EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKEOW, ALASKA. 1<59 SUMMARY OF WORMS. Species. Polyuoo scabra Polynoe islaudica Polynoo sarsi Mela?nis loveui Mela;uis loveui var. gigantea STei)litliys cceca Eteone sp Phyllodoce gmenlaudica PLy llodoce sp Castalia multipapillata Autoly tus sp I* a (0 TS o M ca ca a H O in « Ph O o a "S ■*=• u o Ph Ph to ^ * * * * * * * * X . * * Species. ? Alicia aretica... Travisia forbesi . . Arenicola glacialis Brada granulata . . Maldane '! sp Pectinaria sp Echiurus vulgaris Phascolosoma sp. . Sagitta sp Total, 20 SUMMARY OF ECHIJTODERMS. Species. o PQ -*a . H 'o a s *=> "3 Ph w a ca 5 *a- 5 3 03 B o H O tH © ».= o s Species. o re p? g '3 Ph g 1 M .g '3 Ph o CJ 5 M O Ph •a a 3 o o t£~ Ph-2 8.8 > o Ph * * * * Cribrella sanguinolenta 4 * ? * * * * ? Trocbostonia borealc StroDgylocentrotus drobaehi- * * Ophioglypha nodosa * * A»n«pujraii»p Total, 17 7 2 3 2 ? 1 Dragged up on cod-lines. SUMMARY OF ANTHOZOA. Species. o M « S3 fh ft 6 o CO r3 3 o m a h-3 Species. O ca Ph % u O a o ca 3 t3 o a o m a Ph| •+3 o 0P.O -w o .s '3 o o o _g '3 _g "3 h tH o > o Ph Ph Ph £ Ph Ph Ph Ph & Ph A ^ t ^ „ ? j. Urticina crassicornis * * * Total, 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 Dragged up on eod-lines. SUMMARY OF HYDROZOA. Species. Beroij roseola Mertensia ovnm Pleurobracbia rhododactyla Aurelia labiata ? Cyanca postclsii ? Cii ry saora luelanaster ^2gina citrea Aglantha camtschatica Gemraaria ? sp Tubalaria sp H. Ex. 44- -22 Species. Melicertuvn ? sp Sarsia rosaria Staurophoramertensii ? - Turris 1 sp Sertularia variabilis Sertularella tricuspidata Thuiaria cylindrica Total,17 14 170 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. SUMMARY OF TUXICATJES. Species. o u M 5 ft a S a C3 ft a '8 ft a 5 o Pi r3 a a o a o o o 2 « +-» M O Species. o u u a ft -+J a o ft e ft _g 'o ft o a o .3 a -»3 o O o £h ft ft fc ft Ph ft ft . fc ft ^ ft * * * Total, 5 3 " 2 1 * 1 Dragged up on cod-lines. In the foregoing report I Lave endeavored to make the synonymy of the species as complete as possible for references to works on arctic and boreal zoology, and have generally confined myself to snch references. The following list does not undertake to be a complete bibliography of the subject, bat contains the most important works, chiefly on arctic or boreal zoology, which I have been able to examine myself. They are arranged chronologically. LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED IX THE PREPARATION OP THIS REPORT. 1774. Pallas, P. S. Petri S. Pallas, M. D., Profess. Hist. Nat. ct Acad. Scient. Iinper. Petropol. membr, ordin. Acad. Cres. Nat. Cur. et Soc. Reg. Anglic. Sodalis Spicilegia Zoologiea Tomns I, continens Quadrupedium, Avium, Ampliibiorum, Piscium, Iuscctormn, Molluscorum, Aliorurnque marinornm fascicules decern. 2 vols. 4to. Berlin. 1774. Piiipps, Coxstaxtixk Joiix. A Voyage towards the North Pole undertaken by his Majesty's command. 1773. By Constantino JohnPhipps, London. 177C. Muller, O. F. Zoologiro Danicie Prodromrts, sen Aniinaliuin Dauias ct Nortvegira indigenarum characteres, noinina et synonyma imprimis popularhrm, Auctore Othone Friderico Miiller, Pegi Daniors a Consiliis Status, Acad. Scient. N. Cnrios. Holmens. et Boicrc, Havniens, Norv. Berolinens. aliarnmquc Societ. Liter. Sodali, Acad. Paris Corresp. Copenhagen. 1780. Fabricius, Otiio. Fauna Grcenlandica, systematice sistens Animalia Groenlandise occidentalis hactcmis inda- gata, quoad nomen specificum, triviale, vernaculumquo; synonyma auctorum plurium, descriptionem, locum, victum, generationem, mores, usum; capturanrque singuli, prout detegendi oceasio fuit maximaque parte secundum proprias ohscrvationes Othonis Fahricii ministri evangelii, quondam Groeniandis ad coloniam Frider- ichshaah, posthac norvagis Drangedaliffi, nunc vcro Danis Hophnti Iutia-, membri societate scicntiarum quro est Hafrdse. pp. xvi, 452, pi. 1. Hafnirc ct Lipsise. 1788. FABRICIUS, Otiio. Bcskrivolse over den store Gionlandskc Krabbc, ved Otho Fabricius. Nye Sanding af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrivter. Tredie Dcel. Kjobenhavn. 1788-180G. Mtoler, O. F. Zoiilogia Danica sen Animalium Dauhe et Norwegia?, rariorum ac minus notonim Descrip- tiones et Historia. Auctore Othone Friderico Muller, Eegi Danise a consiliis confer. Acad. Scient. et Cur. Bouon. Holm, ct Boica 1 , Havn. Norv. Berol. Bern. Dantise. ct Loncl. sc. Societ. Lit. Sodali Acad. Paris. Corresp. Folio: Vols, i and ii, 1788; iii, 1789: iv, 180C. Copenhagen. 1788. Pallas, P. S. Marina varia nova et rariora; descripsit P. S. Pallas. Nova Acta Academic Scicntiarum Impe- rials Petropolitaiur. Tomns ii, pp. 229-240, pis. v-vii. St. Petersburg. 1820, Savigxy, J. C. Systomc des Annclkles principalemcnt de colics des cotes d-e 1'lSgjpte et de la Syria, offraut les Characteres taut distinctifs que naturels des Orel res, Families ct Genres, avec la description des Espfecesj par Jules C6sar Saviguy, Membre do l'lustitut de l'Kgyptc. pp. 128, pis. i-v. Paris. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARliOW, ALASKA. 171 1820. Scoresby, W., jr. An Account of tlic Arctic Regions, with a History aud Description of the Northern Whalo Fishery. By W. Scoresby, jr., P. E. S. E. Illustrated by 24 engravings. In 2 vols, 8vo. Edinburgh: printed for Archibald Constable & Co. 1824. Sabine, EpWABD. (Marine) Invertebrate Animals, by Captain Edward .Sabine. A supplement to the Appendix of Captain Parry's Voyage for the Discovery of the Northwest Passage, in the years 1819-'20, containing an account of the subjects of Natural History, pp. ccxix-ccxxxix, pla. L-ii. London. 1830. EDWARDS, II. Milne. Extrait de Eeckerch.es pour servir a lTIistoirc Naturelle des Crustacea amphipodes. Par M. H. Milne-Edwards. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, par MM. Audouin, Ad. Bronguiai t et Dumas, torn- prcnant la physiologic animale ct vegctale, l'anatoniie. compared des deux regncs, la zoologie, la botauiqnc, la niincralogie ct la geologic. Tome vingticme, accompagno de planches, pp. 353-390, pis. 10-11. Paris. 1835. Brandt, Johannes Fridericus. Prodromns descriptionis Auinialium ab II. Mertensio observaiorum anctoro Johanno Friderico Brandt. Fascic. i. Polypos, Acalephas Discophoras et Siphonophoras, necnou Eehinodcr- niata continens. Bccueil des Actes de la seance publique de l'Academic Imperiale des Sciences dc St. Peters- bourg, tenuo la 29 Decembre, 1834. pp. 201-275. St. Petersburg. 1835. Eoss, James Clark. Account of the Objects in the several departments of Natural History, seen and discov- ered during tho present expedition. By Capt. James Clark Eoss, E. N., F. R. S., F. E. A. S., F. L. S., &c. Marino Invertebrate Animals, pp. lxxxiv-c, pis. B and C. Appendix to tho narrative of the Second Voyage in Search of a Northwest Passage, and of a residence in tho Arctic Regions during the years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833. By Sir John Eoss, C. B., K. S. A., K. C. S., &c, Lcopoldino-Carolime Naturrc curiosornm Toinus vicesimus sen decadis tertifc primus, pp. l-264c, pis. i-xii. Breslau and Bonn. 1344. Kroyer, Henrik. Bidrag til Kundskab om Pycuogoniderue eller Sospindlerne. Ved Henrik Kroyer. Natur- historisk Tidsskrift. Udgivet af Henrik Kroyer. Andet Rcekke. i, pp. 90-139, pi. i. Kjobenhavn. 1845. Kroyer, Hexrik. Karcinologiske Bidrag af Henrik Kroyer. (Fortsrettelse) Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift. Udgivet af Henrik Kroyer. Andet Rcekke. i, pp. 453-638, pis. vi, vii. Kjobenhavn. 1846. Kroyer, Hexrik. Karcinologiske Bidrag af Henrik Kroyer. (Fortsajttelse) Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift. Udgivet af Henrik Kroycr. Andet Rcekke. ii, pp. 1-211. Kjobenhavn. 1847. Kroyer, Henrik. Karcinologiske Bidrag af Henrik Kroyer. (Fortsajttelse) Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift. Udgivct af Henrik Kroyer. Andet Rcekke. ii, pp. 366-446. Kjobenhavn. 1851. Brandt, F. Echinodermcn, Bearbeitet von den Herren Akademiker F. Brandt, und Professor Dr. E. Grube. pp. 27-42, pi. iv. Krebse. Bearbeitet voin Akademiker Dr. F. Brandt, pp. 79-143, pis. v, vi. (First title page.) Rcise in den Anssersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens wiihrend der Jahre 1843 und 1844' mit allerhochster geuchmigung auf Ycranstaltung der kaiserlichen Akademie der Visscnchaften zu St. Petersburg ausgefiihrt und in Verbiuduug mitvielen Gelchrter herausgegeben von Dr. A. Th. v. Middcu- dorff. ZweiterBaud. Theil 1. (Second title page. ) Dr.- A. Th. v. Middeudorff's Reise in den Ausscrsten Norden und osten Sibiriens. Band ii Zoologie Theil 1. Wirbellosc Thiere: Annulaten. Echinodermcn. Insectcu. Krebse. Mollusken. Para- .siten. Bearbeitet von F. Brandt, W F. Erichson, Seb. Fischer, E. Grube, E. Menotrics. A. Th. v. Middcudorff (mit 32 iithographirten Tafeln). St. Petersburg. 1351. FISCHER, Seis. Braaeliip'odou und Entomostracen. Bearbeitet von Dr. Seb. Fischer. MiddcndoilFs "Eeise, &c," ii, Tli. 1, pp. 149-162, pi. vii. St. Petersburg. 172 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 1851. Steenstrup, J. Myriotrochus Biukii Sip., en ny Form af de lungelose og fodlose Sopolsers (Holothuiiors) Gruppe. Af Professor J. Steenstrup (Meddclt i Modet do 26de Marts 1851). (Hertil Tab. iii, figg. 7-10) Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistorisk Forening i Kjobenhavn, for Aaret 1851. pp. 55-60. Kjobenhavn, 1852. 1852. Adams, Arthur. (List of Crustacea.) "For the following list I am indebted to Arthur Adams, esq., surgeon, E. N." Journal of a Voyage iu Baffin's Bay and Barrow Straits in tbe years 1S50-'51, performed by H. M. sbips "Lady Franklin" and "Sophia," under the command of Mr. William Penny, in search of the missing crews of IT. M. ships Erebus and Terror; with a narrative of sledge excursions on the ice of Wellington C'bannel; and observations on the natural history and physical features of the countries and frozen seas visited. By Fetcr C. Sutherland, M. D., M. E. C. S. E., surgeon to the expedition, ii, appendix, pp. ccv-ccvii. London. 1852. Baird, Wm. Monograph of the family Apodida?, a family of Crustaceans belonging to the division Entomostraca; with a description of a new species of Apus, and two species of Ostracoda belonging to the genus Cypris. By W. Baird, M. D., F. L. S., etc. (Annulosa, pi. xxii, xxiii.) Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pt. xx, 1852, pp. 1-8. London. 1852. Baird, Wm. Monograph of the family Branchipodidic, a family of Crustaceans belonging to the division Ento- mostraca, with a description of a new genus and species of the family, aud two new species belonging to the family Limuadiadaj. By W. Baird, M. D., F. L. S., &c. (Annulosa, pi. xxii, xxiii.) Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pt.xx, 1852, pp. 18-31. London. 1852. Forbes Edward. Notes on animals of the class Echinodermata collected by Dr. Sutherland iu Assistance Bay, by Professor Edward Forbes, F. E. S. Sutherland's "Journal of a Voyage, &c," ii, appendix, pp. ccxiv-ccxvi. London. 1852. Huxley, Thomas II. Ascidians aud Echiuoderms. Eemarks upon some specimens collected and preserved in spirits by Dr. Sutherland. By Thomas H. Huxley,' esq., F. E. S., assistant surgeon R. N. Sutherland's "Journal of a Voyage, &c." ii, appendix, pj>. ccxi-ccxiii. London. 1853. Bell, Thomas. A History of the British Stalk-eyed Crustacea. By Thomas Bell, See. E. S., F. G. S., F. Z.S., &c. Illustrated by 174 wood engravings, pp.336. 8vo. London. 1853. Stimpsox, William. Synopsis of the Marine Iuvertebrata of Grand Manau : or the region about tbe mouth of the Bay of Fuudy, New Brunswick. By William Stimpson. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, pp. 67, pis. iii. 4 to. Washington and New York. 1855. Bell, Thomas. Account of the Crustacea. By Thomas Bell, Esq., V. P. K. S., President of the Linueau Society. The Last of the Arctic Voyages ; being a narrative of the Expedition in H. M. S. Assistance, under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, C. B., iu search of Sir John Franklin, during tbe years 1852-'53-'54, with notes on the Natural History by Sir John Richardson, Professor Owen, Thomas Bell, J. W. Salter, and Lovell Reeves, ii, pp. 400-411, pis. xxxiv, xxxv. London. 1855. Lutkex, Che. Bidrag til Kundskab ora Slangestjerne, 1. Forelobig Oversigt over Gronlaudshavets Ophiurer af Chr. Liitkeu. (Meddelt den 8de Novbr. 1854). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn, for Aaret 1854, med 5 Steeutrykstabler. Udgivne af Selskabets Bestyrelse. pp. 95-104. Kjobenhavn. 1857. Lutkex, Chr. Oversigt over Gronlands Echinodermer. Af Docent Chr. Liitkeu, Assistant ved Universitets Zoologiske Museum. (Meddelt i Modet d. 15de April 1857.) Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhis- toriske Forening i Kjobenhavn, for Aaret 1857. Udgivne af Selskabets Bestyrelse. Med tre litkographeredo Tavler og et Kort. pp. 1-55. Kjobenhavn. 1857. Stimpsox, William. The Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Shores of North America. By William Stimpson. pp. 92, pis. xviii-xxiii. (Extracted from the Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. vi 1 .) Eiverside, Cambridge. 1857. Stimpsox, William. Notices of new species of Crustacea of Western North America; being an abstract from a paper to be published in the Journal of the Society. By William Stimjjson. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vi, pp. 84-89. Boston, 1859. 1857. Stimpsox, William. Prodromus Descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quaj in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Eepublica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Einggold et Johanne Eogers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit W. Stimpson, pt. iii. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia, 1857, pp. 216-221. Philadelphia, 1S58. Lutkex, Chr. Fr. Additamenta ad historiam Ophiuridarum. Beskrivende og kritiske Bidrag til Kundskab om Slangestjernerne. Af Chr. Fr. Liitken, Dr. Philos., Assistant ved Universitctets Zoologiske Museum. Co- penhagen. 1858. Stimpsox, William. Prodromus Descriptionis, &c, part vii. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sci- ences of Philadelphia, 1858, pp. 225-252. Philadelphia, 1859. Lii.ljeborg, W. Les Genres Liriope et Peltogaster, H. Rathke. Par W. Lilljeborg, Professeur de Zoologie a Upsala en Suede. (Extr. des Nova Acta Eeg. Socict. Scient. Upsah, Ser. 3;tise, vol. iii.) Upsala, 1859. 1859~'0O. Bruzelius, Ragxar M. Bidrag till Kannedomen om Skandinaviens Amphipoda Gammaridea af Ragnar M. Bruzelius. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Haudlingar. Ny Foljd. Tredje Bandet. 1859, 1860. pp. 1-104, pis. i-iv. Stockholm, 1862. 1860. Stimpsox, William. Prodromus Descriptionis, &c, pt. viii. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1860, pp. 22-47. Philadelphia. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARKOW, ALASKA. 173 1861. Sars, Michael. Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer Ted Dr. Michael Sara, Professor ved Clirislianias Universitet. Udgivcn af Videnskabselskabet i Christiania. Med 16 lithograpberede Plancher. pp. 160. Christiania. 1862. Bate, C. Sfexce. Catalogue of tlie specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in the collection of (he British Museum.' By C. Spence Bate, F. R. S., F. L. S., etc. pp. 389, pis. lviii. 8vo. LoudoD. 1863. Goes, A. Crustacea decapoda podophthalma mariua Suecioc., interpositis speciebus norvegiis aliisque vicinis, enumerat A. Goes. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. xs, pp. 161-180. Stockholm. 1863. Packard, A. S., jr. A list of Animals dredged near Caribou Island, Southern Labrador, during July and August, 1860. By A. S. Packard, jr. The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, and proceedings of the Natural History Society of Montreal, conducted by a Committee of the Natural History Society, viii, pp. 401-429, pis. i and ii. Montreal. 1863. SxiMrsox, William. Synopsis of the Marine Iuvertcbrata collected by the late Arctic Expedition under Dr. I. I. Hayes. By William Stimpsou, M. D. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1863. pp. 133-142. Philadelphia, 1864. 1863. Verrill, A. E. Jiccisiou of tlie Polypi of the Eastern Coast of the United Stales. By A. E. Verrill. Memoirs read before the Boston Society of Natural History ; being a new series of the Boston Journal of Natural His- tory, i, pp. 1-45. Boston. 1864. Kinahax. Synopsis of the species of the Families Crangonidye and Galatheid;8 which inhabit the seas around the British Isles. (Plates iii-xv.) Proceedings of the Eoyal Irish Academy. Vol. viii, pp. 67-80. Dublin. . 1865. Goes, A. Crustacea amphipoda maris Spetsbergiam alluentis cum speciebus aliis arcticis enumerat A. Goes. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. xxii, pp. 517-536, pis. xxxvi-xli. Stockholm. 1865. Johnston, George. A Catalogue of the British non-parasitical Worms in the collection of the British Museum, by George Johnston, M. D., Edin., Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh; and LL.D. Maris- chal College, Aberdeen, etc. London, pp. 365, pis. xx. 8vo. 1865. Lyman, Theodore. OphiuridasandAstrophytida?, by Theodore Lyman. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Published by order of the Legislature of Massachusetts. No. I. pp. viii, 280, pis. ii. Cambridge. 1865. Malmgrex, A. J. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater af A. J. Malmgren. (Aftryck ur Ofversigt afK. Vet.- Akad. For- handlingar, 1865.) Stockholm. 1865. Quatrefages, A. de. Histoire Naturelle des Annele's Marins et d'eau douce. Annelides et Gephyriens par M. A. de Quatrefages. Membre de 1'Institut. Professeur au Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. 2 vols, text, 1 vol. pis. Paris. 1865. Verrill, A. E. Synopsis of the Polyps and Corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commo- dore C. Ringgold and Captain John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. William Stimpson, Naturalist to the Expedition. With descriptions of some additional species from the West Coast of North. America. By A. E. Verrill. Part II, Alcyonaria, with two plates. Proceedings of the Essex Institute. Vol. iv, 1864-'65, pp. 181-196. Salem, 1866. 1866. Ljtjxgmax, Axel. Ophiuroidea viventia hue usque cognita enumerat Axel Ljungman. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. xxxiii, pp. 303-336. Stockholm. 1866. Verrill, A. E. On the Polyps and Echinoderms of New England, with descriptions of New Species. By A. E. Verrill. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, x, pp. 333-357. Boston. 1867. Malmgren, A. J. Annulata Polychaeta Spetsbergise, Grcenlandiae Islandise et Scandinavia? haetenus cognita. Auctore Dr. A. J. Malmgren. cum xiv tabulis. Helsingfors. 1867. Packard, A. S., jr. Observations on the Glacial Phenomena of Labrador and Maine, with a view of the recent invertebrate fauna of Labrador. By A. S. Packard, jr., M. D. Read October 4, 1865. Memoirs read before* the Boston Society of Natural History ; being a new series of the Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. i, pp. 210-303, pis. 7, 8. Boston. 1867. Smitt, F. A. Kritisk forteckuing iifver Skaudmaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Af F. A. Sinitt. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. xxiv, pp. 279-429, pis. xvi-xx; and Appendix, pp. 1-230, pis. xxiv— xxviii. Stockholm, 1868. 1868. Hixcks, Thomas. A History of the British Hydroid Zoophytes. By Thomas Hincks, B. A. In two volumes. 8vo. Loudon. 1868-'69. Verrill, A. E. Synopsis of the Polyps and Corals of tbc North Pacific Exploring Expedition, tinder Commo- dore C. Ringgold and Captain John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856, collected by Dr. William Stimpson, Naturalist to the Expedition. Part IV. Actinaria, with Supplement and Geographical Lists, with three plates. By A. E. Verrill, Professor of Zoology in Yale College, New Haven, Conn . pp. 70. (From the Communications of the Essex Institute, vols, v and vi, Dec, 1863, to Nov.. 1869.) 1869. Verrill, A. E. Observations on Phyllopod Crustacea cf the Family Branchipidse, with descriptions of some New Genera and Species from America. By A. E. Verrill, of New Haven, Conn. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; Eighteenth Meeting, held at Salem, Massachusetts, August, 1869. pp. 230-247. Cambridge. 1869. Verrill, A. E. Descriptions of some new American Phyllopod Crustacea; By A. E. Verrill; Contributions to Zoology from the Museum of Yale College, No. III. The American Journal of Science and Arts. Conducted by Professors B. Silliman and James D. Dana, in connection with Professors Asa Gray and Wolcott Gibbs, of Cambridge, and Professors H. A. Newton, S. W. Johnson, George J. Brush, and A. E. Verrill, of New Haven. Second Series, vol. xlviii. [Whole number, xcviii] Nos. 142, 143, 144. pp. 244-254. New Haven. 174 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 1869-'70. Verrill, A. E. Notes on Eadiata in the Museum of Yale College. By A. E. Veirill, Professor of Zoology, Yale Col 1 . New Haven, Conn. pp. 247-567, pis. iv-x. (From the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts ai... sciences, vol. i ; reprinted 1869-70.) New Haven. 1870. Boeck, Axel. Crustacea aniphipoda borealia et arctica auctore Axel Boeck (Sterskilt aftrykt afVidensk-Sel.sk. Forkandlingar for 1870). pp. 200, ii-viii. 1871. Dall, W. II. Descriptions of sixty new forms of Mollusks from the west coast of North America and the North Pacific Oceau, with notes on others already described. By W. H. Dall. (From American Journal of Con- chology, vii, pt. 2.) pp. 93-160, pis. 13-16. 1871. LiJTKEX, Cur.. Et Bidrag til Kundskah om Spitshergens Echiuoderm-Fauna. Af Dr. phil. Chr. Liitken. (Meddeit den 9de Juni, 1871. ) Videuskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Foreniug i Kjobenhavn, for Aaret 1871. Udgivno af Selskabets Bestyrelse. Med 9 Tavler og nogle i Tcxten indtrykte Tnesnit. Tredie Aartis tredie Aargang 23, pp. 305-308. 1871. Stimpsox, William. Notes on North American Crustacea in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, No. III. By William Stimpson, M. D., corresponding member. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, vol. x, Nos. 4-5, pp. 92-136. New York. 1872. Boeck, Axel. D'e Skandiuaviske og Arktiske Amtipoder, Beskrivne af Axel Boeck. Christiauia. 1874. Buchholz, R. Crustaceen. Bearheitet von E. Buchholz in Greifswald. Mit 15 Lithographirten Tafeln. Die ZweLto Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt in den Jahren 1869 unci 1870 vmter fiihrung des Kapitiin Karl Koldewcy. Hcrausgegeben von dem Verein fiir die Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt in Bremen. Zweite Band. Wisscnsckaft- liche Ergebnissc, mit 31 Tafeln in Lithographie unci Kupferstich und 3 lithographirten Karten. Svo. pp. 262-399, pis. i-xv. Leipzig. 1874. Kirciif.xpatjee. Hydroiden und Bryozoen. Bearbeitet von Kirchenpauer in Hamburg. Die Zweite Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt, &c. ii, pp. 411-428. 1874. MObius, Kahl. Mollusken, Wiirmer, Echinodermen und Coelenteraten. Bearbeitet von Karl Mobius in Kiel. Mit eiuer Tafel in Kupferstich. Die Zweite Deutsche Norpolarfahrt, &c, ii, pp. 246-261, pi. 1. 1874. Wiiiteayes, J. F. On recent Deep-sea Dredging operations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. By J. F. Whiteaves. The American Journal of Science and Arts. Third Series, vol. vii (whole number, cvii), pp. 210-219. New Haven. 1875. LOtkex, Chr. Fr. The Crustacea of Greenland. By Dr. Chr. Liitken, University Museum, Copenhagen, 1375 (nominal list, with references). Manual of the Natural History, Geology, and Physics of Greenland and the neighboring regions: prepared for the use of the Arctic Expedition of 1875, under the direction of the arctic committee of the Royal Society, and edited by Professor T. Rupert Jones, F. R. S., F. G. S., &c, together with Instructions suggested by the Arctic committee of the Royal Society for the use of the Expedition. Pub- lished by the authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, pp. 146-165. London. 1875. LiiTKEN, Chr. Fr. A Revised Catalogue of the Annelida and other, not Entozoic, Worms of Greenland. By Dr. Chr. Liitken, University Museum, Copenhagen, 1875. (Arctic) Manual, &c. pp. 167-179. London. 1875. LiJTKEX, Chr. Fr. A Revised Catalogue of the Echinoclermata of Greenland. By Dr. Chr. Liitken, University Museum, Copenhagen, 1875. (Arctic) Manual, &c. pp. 184-185. London. 1875. LiJTKEX, Chr. Fr. A Revised Catalogue of the Anthozoa and Calycozoa of Greenland. By Dr. Chr. Liitken, University Museum, Copenhagen, 1875. (Arctic) Manual, &c. pp. 186-7. 1875. Lutkex, Chr. Fr. A Revised List of the Acalepha) and Hydrozoa of Greenland. By Dr. Chr. Liitken, University Museum, Copenhagen, 1875. (Arctic) Manual, &c. pp. 187-190. 1876. Clark, S. F. Report on the Hydroids collected on the coast of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, by W. H. Dall, U. S. Coast Survey, and party, from 1871 to 1874, inclusive. By S. F. Clark, Yale College, New Haven. Scientific Results of the Exploration of Alaska, by parties under the charge W. H. Dall, during the years 1865-1874. i, No. 1, Article I, pp. 5-34, pis. i-x. Washington. 1876. Lockixgtox, W. N. Description of Seventeen New Species of Crustacea. By W. N. Lockington. pp. 8. From the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, March 20, 1876. 1877. McIntosh, W. C. On the Annelida obtained during the Cruise of H. M. S. Valorous to Davis Strait in 1875. By W. C. Mcintosh, M. D., LL. D.,F. R. SS. L. &, E.,F. L. S., &c. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology, vol. i, pp. 499-511, pi. lxv. 1877. Miees, Edward Johx. List of the Species of Crustacea collected by the Rev. A. E. Eaton at Spitzbergen in the summer of 1873, "with their Localities and Notes. By Edward J. Miers, F. L. S., F. Z. S., Assistant in the Zo- ological Department, British Museum. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology. Series 4, six, pp. 131-140. London. 1877. Miers, Edward John. Report on the- Crustacea collected by the naturalists of the Arctic Expedition in 1875- 1876. By Edward J. Miers, F.L. S.,F.Z. S., Assistant in the Zoologi»al Department, British Museum. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, &c. Series 4, xx, pp. 52-66 & 96-110, pis. iii, iv. London. 1877. Sars, G. O. Prodromus descriptionis Crustaceorum etPycnogonidarum, qua? in expeditione Norwegica anno 1876, observavit G. O. Sars Archiv for Mathcmatik og Naturvidenskab. Udgivct af Sophus Lie, Worm Miiller og G. O. Sars. Andet Bind. pp. 237-271 (pp. 200-268 are misprinted 300-368). Kriatiama. 1877. Streets, T. H., and Kixgsley, J. S. An Examination of Types of some recently described Crustacea. By T. Hale Streets, M. D., and J. S. Kiugsley. Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Volume ix, 1877; pp. 103-108. Salem, Mass. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA, 175 1878. Heller, Camil. Die Crustaccen, Pycnogoniden und Tunicaten dor K. K. Osterr.-Uugar. Nordpol-Expeditiou Bearbeitet von Prof. Camil Heller in Innspruck (mifc 5 Tafeln). Deukschriften der Kaiserliclien Akademie der Wissensehaftcn. Mathematisch-natarwisscuschaftliche Classe. xxxv, pp. 25-44, pis. i-v. Wien. 1878. v. Makenzelleb, Emil. Die Coclenterateu, Echinodermen und Wiirmer der K. K. Ostcrreichisch-Ungarischcn Nordpol-Expcdition. Bearbeitet von Dr. Emil v. Marenzeller mit 4 Tafeln. Denksckriftcn der Kaiserliclien Akademie der Wissensehaftcn.^ Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlicho Classe. xxxv, pp. 357-308, pis. i-iv. Wien. 1878. Smitt, F. A. Eecensio systematica animalium Bryozoorum, quia? in itineribns, annis 1875 ct 1876, ad insulas Novaja Semlja et ad ostium flumiuis Jenisei, duce Professore A. E.Nordenskiold, invenerunt Doctores A.. Stux- berg et H. Th6el. Auctore F. A. Smitt. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forbandlingar, xxxv, pp. 11-26. Stockholm, 1878-'79. 1878. Stcxberg, Anton. Ecbiuodermer fran Novaja Semljas haf samlade under Nordenskioldska expeditionerua 1875 ocbl876. Af AntonStuxberg. Tafl.vi. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forbandlingar, xxxv, pp. 27-40. Stockholm, 1878-79. 1878. Wilson, Edmund B. Synopsis of the Pycnogonida of New England. By Edmund B. Wilson, pp. 26, pis. vi. 8vo. (From the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. v.) New Haven. 1879, Kumlien, Ludwig. Contributions to the Natural History of Arctic America, made in connection with the Howgate Polar Expedition, 1877-'78. By Ludwig Kumlien, 1879, 8 vo, pp. 179. (M. C.xxiii.) Bulletin of tbo National Museum, No. 15. Washington. CONTENTS. Kumlien, L. : Ethnology, mammals, and birds. Bean,T.H. : Fishes. Verrill, A. E. : Aunelides, molluscoids, and radiates. Dall, W. H. : Mollusks. Insects : Edwards, W. H. : Diurnal lepidoptera. Scudder, S. H., and others: Hymenoptera, nocturnal lepidoptera, diptera, neuroptera, and arachuida. Gray, A. : Plants. Tuckerman, E.: Lichens. Farlow, W. G. : Alga?. 1879. Smith, S. I. The Stalk-eyed Crustaceans of the Atlantic Coast of North America north of Cape Cod. By S. I. Smith. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. v, part 1, pp. 27-136, pis. viii-xii. New Haven. 1379. Tiieel,Hj. Les Annelides Polycbetes Des mers de la Nouvelle-Zemble, par Hj.The'el, avec quatre planches. Memoire present6 a lAcadci.lo Eoyale des Sciences de Stockholm, le 10 Avril, 1878. pp. 75. 4to. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, xvi, No. 3. Stockholm. 1880. Harger, Oscar. Report on the Marine Isopoda of New England and the Adjacent Waters. By Oscar Harger. United Stales Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Part vi. Report of the Commissioner for 1878. pp. 297- 462, pis. i-xiii. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1880. Wilson, Edmund B. Report on the Pycnogonida of New England and the adjacent waters. By Edmund B. Wilson. United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Part vi. Report of the Commissioner for 1S78. pp. 463-505, pis. i-vii. Washington: Government Priuting Office. 1881. Miers, Edward J. On a small collection of Crustacea and Pycnogonida from Franz-Josef Land, collected by B. Leigb Smith, esq. By Edward J. Miers, F. L. S., F. Z. S., Assistant in the Zoological Department, British Museum. Tho Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology. Series 5, vii, No. 37, pp. 45-51. London. 1832. Danielssen, D. C, and Koren, Johan. Holotkurioidea, ved D. C. Danielssen og Joban Koren. Med 13 plan- cher og 1 Kart. Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition 1876-1878. vi., Zoologi. pp. 94, small folio. Christiania. 1882. Elliott, Henry W. 28. Notes on the Invertebrates. U. S. Commission of Fisb and Fisheries. Spencer F. Baird, Commissioner. 176. Special Bulletin. A monograph of the Seal Islands of Alaska. By Henry W. Elliott. Reprinted, with additions, from the report on the Fishery Industries of the Tenth Census. Wash- ington: Government Printing Office, 1882. 1882. Hansen, G. Armauer. Annelida ved G. Armauer Hansen. Med 7 Plancber og 1 Kart. pp. 54, small folio. Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition, 1876-1878. vii. Zoologi. Christiania. 1882. STUxr.EriG, Anton. Evertebratfaunan i Siberiens Ishaf. Forolopande meddelanden af AntonStuxberg. (Har- till en Tafia,) Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser bearbetade af deltagare i resan ocb andra forskare, utgifna af A. E. Nordenskiold. i, pp. 677-812, pi. 1. Stockholm. 1883. Packard, A. S. ; jr. A Monograph of the Phyllopod Crustacea of North America, with remarks on the order Phyllocarida. By A. S. Packard, jr. Plates i-xxxix. Twelfth Annual Report of tbo United States Geologi- cal and Geographical Survey of the Territories : a report of progress of the exploration in Wyoming and Idaho for tho year 1878. In two parts. Part I. By F. V. Hayden, United States Geologist. Conducted under the authority of the Secretary of the Interior, pp. 295-592. Washington: Government Printing Office. 176 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 1883. Smith, Sidney I. , List of the Crustacea dredged on the coast of Labrador by the expedition under tbo direction of W. A. Stearns in 1882. By Sidney I. Smith. Department of the Interior. U. S. National Museum. Pro* ceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. vi, 1883, pp. 218-222. Published under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington : Government Printing Office. 1883. Smith, Sidney I. Review of the Marine Crustacea of Labrador. By Sidney I. Smith. Department of the- Interior. U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Vol. vi, 1883, pp. 223- 232. Published under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution. Wasbington : Government Printing Office. . 1883, Wiren, A. Chastopoder fran Sibiriska Ishavct och Bevings Haf. Insamlada under Vega-Expeditionen, 1878- 1879. Bestamda af A. WirCn. Vega-Expeditioneus Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser, Bearbetade af Deltagare i resan och andra Forskare utgifna af A. E. Nordeuskiold. ii, pp. 381-428, pis. 27-32. Stockholm. 1884. Mtjrdock, John. Description of seven new species of Crustacea and one Worm from Arctic Alaska. By John Murdoch. (Published by permission of the Chief Signal Officer, U. S. Army.) Department of the Interior. U. S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Vol. vii, 1884, pp. 518-522 Published under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington : Government Printing Offlto. MARINE INVERTEBRATES. PLATE I. CRUSTACEA. 1. Eupagurus trigonoclieirus Stiinpson. {-. la. Same. Right hand. f. IB. Same. Left hand, f . 2. Pandalus dapifer, n. s. 9 • f- 2a. Same. Third pleonal segment of $ . \. 2b. Same. Telson and uropods. f . 2c. Same. First and second thoracic legs. £. 3. My sis rayii, n. s. f . 4. Acanthozone poly acantha, n. s. f. (Drawn from nature by J. Henry Blake.) Marino Invertebrates. PLATE I. 16. PLATE II. CRUSTACEA. 1. Melita formosa, n. s. T . la. Same. Pleon from above, f. 16. Same. Hand of second gnathopod. f . 2. Melita Jeonis, n. s. f . 2«. Same. Pleon from above, f. 26. Same. Hand of second gnathopod. f . 3. Dulichia arciica,u.s. f. 4. Polyarlemia hazeni, n. 8. f. 2 • 4a. Same. Abdomen and ovisac of $ from below. 1 j a . 46. Same. Head and "claspers" of J 1 . r . (Drawn from nature by J. Henry Blake.) Marine Invertebrates. PLATE II. 4b. VI.-REPORT ON THE MOLLTJSKS. By W. H. Dall. Opportunities for collecting mollusks are not very good at this northernmost point of the United States. The shores are covered with snow during a large part of the year, and the waters with ice. The latter is frequently grounded and driven upon the beach or over the shoal water adjacent to the beach, so that mollusks must find it a rather disagree'able station to inhabit, pro- vided they can secure themselves against freezing or crushing. There are no fresh-water shells, though it is probable that a few species occur at a not very great distance inland. The shore is composed of sand and gravel, which is constantly undergoing minor changes. There are few sea- weeds, and the phytophagous littoral mollusks, so abundant at most stations more favorably situ- ated, are altogether absent. There are some places along this stretch of coast where strong currents meet and ice seldom grounds ; where eddies permit the deposition of a moderate amount of mud and occasional small seaweeds manage to exist, anchored on little pebbles or riding on the backs of crabs. In such places mollusks abound, individuals,- if not species, being numerous. One such locality is well known as a good dredging ground, namely the vicinity of the Seahorse Islands or Cape Franklin, from a couple of hauls near which the best part of the present collection was obtained. A few additions were made to the list in Norton Sound, Unalashka Harbor, &c, but the opportuni- ties for dredging or surface-collecting were not abundant. Considering the disadvantageous cir- cumstances, the naturalists of the party must be commended for their energy and success. SPECIES COLLECTED. CEPHALOPODA. Octopus grcenlaudicus (Dew.) Morch. A fine specimen on the beach near the station. This has been examined by Professor Verrill, who agrees with the writer as to its distinctness from the 0. punctatus Gabb, so common further south. Museum number, 40953. PTEEOPODA. Limacina Pacifica Dall. On the surface of the water off the station in July, 1882. Collectors' number, 650 ; museum number, 40954. This pretty species, which is very much larger than the Atlantic form, was origi- nally described from the North Pacific. GASTEOPODA. PULMONATA. Cochlicopa lubrica Miiller. CioneUa subcylindrica Lelmert, Science Record, vol. ii, No. 8, p. 172, Boston, June 16, 1884. Two specimens in moss from the tundra near Uglaami. Zonites (Conulus) Stearnsii Bland. Hyalina arctica Lelmert, 1. e.,p. 172. Ten or twelve specimens from the tundra moss. This has been erroneously referred to the genus or section Microphysa. 177 H. Ex. 44 23 178 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Zonites (Hyalina) radiatula Alder. Htjalina jK-llucida Lclmert, 1. c. Three or four specimens with the preceding. The above were obtained from moss used in packing and rejected as rubbish, which was exam- ined by the Per. E. Lehnert, of Washington, who published in Science Eecord an interesting list of plants obtained from it, together with a spider, a minute beetle, and the above-mentioned shells. By the kindness of Mr. Lehnert they have been carefully compared with authoritative specimens, and he joins in the identification above made. Bela (exarata Moller?). This specimen is too dead and worn to be determined with certainty. It was obtained by dredging 10 miles west from Point Franklin August 31, 1883, in 13J fathoms. Museum number, 40955. Bela (scalaris Moller?). This specimen was in much the same state as the preceding. It was dredged in Norton Sound in 5 fathoms mud. Museum number, 40956. Bela simplex Middendorff. B. arciica A. Adams. B. gigas Verkrnzcn. One dead but perfect specimen from 5 fathoms mud and sand at Cape Smythe. This species has been confounded with B. Icevigata Dall, which is about one-eighth as large when adult, and altogether different in color and form. B. Icevigata has hitherto only been found in Norton Sound, Avhere it is abundant. B. simplex has not yet been found in Norton Sound, but has a wide distribu- tion in the boreal and Arctic region, reaching as far south as Chirikoff Island in the North Pacific. It has been obtained on the northern shores of Norway, and is not rare in Bering Sea. The present specimen is uni-colored, but it is usually prettily contrasted with white on the spire and plum-color anteriorly. Museum number, 40957. Bela tenuilirata Dall. Bela var. tenuilirata, Dall, Am. Journ. Conch., vii, p. 98, November, 1871. ?B. simjilex, G. O. Sars, Moll. Eeg. Arct. Nov., 1. 17, f. 4, 1878, not of Midden dorff. This species, distinguished from the preceding by its spiral stride and thinner shell, was origi- nally described from a young specimen obtained in Norton Sound. Since then the writer has obtained it of much larger size from the Arctic, reaching nearly an inch in length. It was collected by Murdoch on the beach near the station, and also at Cape Smythe in 5 fathoms. Museum number, 40958. Bela harpa Dall. Bela harpa Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, p. 523. Shell fusiform, moderately thin, six-whorled ; whorls rounded, suture distinct ; sculpture con- sisting of (on the last whorl) 23 stout, uniform, slightly flexuous, rounded ribs, extending from the suture to the canal, with slightly narrower interspaces ; lines of increase distinct, sometimes thread- like; these are crossed by numerous close-set spiral threads separated by narrower grooves, both faint near the suture ; threads growing gradually stronger, regularly wider, and coarser toward the canal, near which they are stronger than the obsolete endsof the transverse ribs; anal fasciole indis- tinct, aperture narrow, elongated, with an acute posterior angle : outer lip thin, columella simple, canal rather wide ; color of shell whitish, with a reddish tinge anteriorly, especially on the last whorl ; interior of aperture reddish, of the canal pure white. Longitude of shell 17, of last whorl 12.5, of aperture, 10; latitude of shell S, of aperture 3.5 mm . First found by the writer at Nunivak Islaud in 1S74. One specimen, dredged by the Point Barrow Expedition in KU fathoms, 10 miles west of Point Franklin, Arctic Ocean. Museum number, 40959. This species has been compared with the Belas in the chief museum and private collections of Northern Europe, and seems amply distinct from any of the species contained in them. EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 179 Bela nuirdochiana Dall. .Bela murdochiana Dall, 1. c, p., 524, plate 2, fig. 8. Shell whitish, stout, short, with rather coarse sculpture and very short spire ; whorls about five, last much the largest ; inflated, suture deep, almost channeled ; sculpture of numerous (on the last whorl about two to the millimeter) narrow, backwardly convex, flexuous riblets, with about equal interspaces, strongest near the suture, not crossing the fasciole, and obsolete near the periphery; lines of growth distinct, crossed by numer- ous (about six to the millimeter) rather coarse threads, of which each alternate one tends to be smaller, separated by narrow grooves, and about uniformly distributed over the Surface, with a tendency to a faint carina in front of the fasciole; fasciole indistinct, outer lip sharp, columella simple, white; aperture pinkish, canal short, wide; nuclear whorls eroded in the specimens; operculum light horn color, rather broad and short; soft parts pink. Longitude of shell 11.5, of last whor. 10; maximum latitude of shell S.5 mm . Museum number, 40960. Specimens from Cape Smythe in 2 to 5 fathoms mud and sand, with young B. tenuilirata, from which they differ in lighter color of shell, coarser sculpture, and stouter proportions. The opercu- lum of B. tenuilirata is almost black, narrow, and claw-shaped. It is dedicated to Mr. Murdoch, naturalist of the Point Barrow part}". Admete MiddendorfSana Dall. Admcte viridula Midd. Mai. Koss., ii, pi. ix, figs. 13-14, 1849 ; not of Fabricius. This form is perfectly distinct from A. viridula, and may prove to be a Cancellaria. It is one of the characteristic forms of the Pacific Arctic, and ranges north from Nunivak Island. The present specimen was obtained in Norton Sound in 5 fathoms mud. Museum number, 4.0961. Buccinum tenue Gray. Beach near the station ; also at the dredging spot 10 miles west of Point Franklin in 13£ fathoms. Museum number, 40962. The specimens from the last station included some in which the characteristic broken ribbing was only represented by a few puckerings near the suture, the remainder of the shell being inflated and smooth, except for the fine spiral striatum. At first sight these were very puzzling, and might readily have been taken as new without careful study. Buccinum Baeri Middendorff. One specimen from 10 miles off Point Franklin in 13i fathoms, dead, and inhabited by a Pagnrus, This is a very constant form, but probably only an extreme form of B. cyanetnn. Museum number, 40963. Buccinum ciliatum Fabricius. One dead and two living specimens from 10 miles west from Point Franklin in 13i fathoms. Museum number, 40964. This is always a very recognizable species, but rare in individuals. It extends in Bering Sea, south to Nunivak Island. Buccinum glaciale Linn^. Plate — , figs. 7-8. Beach near station ; also with Pagvri in various dredgings. Museum number, 40965. Com- mon to the whole of the Arctic basin north of St. Laurence Island, as well as on the Atlantic side. Further south it assumes other forms, some of which, without the connecting links, appear very distinct, and have been described as species by Morch and others. The strictly Arctic varie- ties are B. carinatim Phipps, and a form which in its coarser features so closely simulates B. angu- losum var. angulosum Gray that it has been taken for it, and the consolidation with B. glaciale of B. angulosum suggested in consequence. The fine sculpture in perfect specimens will always serve to distinguish them. Normal specimens would never be confounded with each other. Buccinum angulosum Gray. Plate — , figs. 1-4. A. Var. angulosum Gray, Beecliey's Voyage. Zool. , p. 127, t. 36, f. C, 1828. B. Var. riormalls Dall. C. Var. siihcostata Dall. The normal form was obtained by the expedition on the beaches near the station and at Cape Smythe ; thence to 5 fathoms. Museum numbers, 40966-7. The writer has also obtained it at 180 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. numerous poiuts in this part of the Arctic basin. The angulated form is less common, and every grade exists between them. The fine sculpture, and especially the sharp transverse strife, always distinguish it from other species, especially the angulated varieties of glaciate. Buccinum plectrum Stimpson. Plate III, fige. 9, 10. Beaches near the station . Museum number, 40968. The variety collected by the expedition is a rather dwarfed form, with intensified sculpture. The metropolis of the species is further south, and I have seen fine specimens from the Shumagins. This is an excellent species and easily dis- tinguished when in good order. It has been mistaken for a variety of B. undatum, which is not found in any shape on the Pacific side. A few fraudulent specimens were sent out as from this region by a recently deceased conchologist, but they bore all the marks of having pome from London dealers. It is possible that the whalers, who carry and mix shells from all parts of the world, may have been the unintentional means of having distributed a few specimens with erroneous locality labels. Buccimun polare Gray. Plate III, figs. 5, 6. Beaches near station ; also dredged in 13 J fathoms off Point Franklin. Museum numbers, 40969-70. This species, which is also well characterized, varies from inflated, large, with fine, sharp carinas to small, elongated, with obsolete carinas, and is sometimes rather puzzling; but a good series makes the relations clear. It is frequently of a bright, clear orange color, and is generally quite thin. I have seen two specimens of a singularly thick and short variety percrassum from the Arctic north of Bering Strait. It must be exceedingly rare; the upper whorls are smaller, less inflated and less turreted than in the normal form. The operculum is also proportionally larger and more oval. It may prove distinct from polare. Chrysodomus Kroyeri Moller. C. Kroyeri, var. Bay ana Dall, 1. c, p. 525. One small one in the state called cretaceum by Eeeve, at Cape Sinythe, on the beach; a very large living specimen of the normal form, in 5 fathoms, from the same locality, some with few ribs from 2 ; } fathoms at the same place. Museum numbers, 40971-2. This shell, when fresh and perfect, is of a plum color or dull purple, with fine, spiral stripe, recalling B. tenue, and strong trans- verse ribs. When dead and weathered, it turns nearly white — this is Beeve's form ; an extraor- dinary variety Ray ana has no ribs but is perfectly smooth, except for the fine sculpture which enables its true relations to be determined. This last, named in honor of Lieut. P. H. Bay, United States Army, who commanded the Point Barrow expedition, would be taken as distinct at first sight. The specimens were all rather young, which made their recognition still more difficult. It was also dredged at Cape Smythe. Chrysodomus liratus Martyn. C. tornatus Gould. One specimen from the beach near the station. Museum number, 40973. The metropolis of this species is much further south. Chrysodomus fornicatus (Gmel.) Gray. Bare on the beach near the station; abundant near the Mackenzie Eiver mouth, and at Nunivak Island, with innumerable varieties. Museum number, 40974. Chrysodomus spitzbergensis Eeeve. C. Icrcbralis Gould. One young living specimen, Norton Sound, in 5 fathoms. Museum number, 40975. Chrysodomus martensi Krause. One specimen on beach near station. Museum number, 40976. This species was obtained by the writer in Bering Strait in 1880, in 30 fathoms; subsequently by Dr. A. Krause in the same region, in whose report it is about to be described. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 181 Heliotropis harpa (Mcircli) Dall. Fusus di'formo Midd. Mai. Ross, ii, p. 140, 1849, not of Keevo. One young, living specimen in 13J fathoms, 10 miles west of Point Franklin. Museum number 40977. This species is distinguished from F. deformc by its coarser spiral striae and brighter colors. It extends south to the Aleutians, where it reaches a very large size. The undefined name Pyru- lofusus was applied to the Atlantic species by Morch. Strombella Beringii (Midd.) Dall. Tritonium Beringii Midd. Mai. Ross, ii, p. 147, pi. 3, figs. 5-6, 1849. A dead specimen on the beach near the station. Museum number, 40978. The genus Strombella Gray is slightly anterior to Volutopsis of Morch, and has the advantage of a diagnosis. The SlromlicUa of Schleuter, which has been unnecessarily assumed to exclude Gray's name, has no standing whatever, beiug a mere word in a catalogue without diagnosis or identified type or description of any kind. This species has fewer transverse ribs than Chrysodoimts Kennicottii Dall, with which it has been confounded, and wants the fine characteristic sculpture of the latter. From the following species it differs in its light color; rude, short spire, absence of carina 3 , more rapidly increasing whorls, rounded concavities between more numerous ribs, and few coarse spine or threads. Strombella malleata Dall. Stronibella malleata Dall, 1. c, p. 525. One specimen from the beach near the station. Museum number, 40979. The writer has col- lected this species at Icy Cape, Cape Lisburne, Point Lay, Kotzebue Sound, Point Spencer, at Port Clarence, and other localities within the Arctic basin. It is long and slender, the young shell forming several whorls in an almost cylindrical coil before they begin, to enlarge; the adult may reach six inches in length. The surface is covered with fine spiral stria? and a thin brown epidermis. It differs from the preceding in its dark purple color, its few (generally five) transverse ribs, between which the space is nearly flat rather than concave, and a sharp carina on the anterior periphery of the last whorl on which the suture is laid. The nucleus is large and blunt, the canal short, the form of the mouth variable in different stages and specimens; the outer lip thin, the aperture dark purple within the last whorl, less than half the length of the shell in nearly all cases. It is usually rude and more or less worn, even when living; the cylindrical tip is usually broken off, but the polygonal section of the whorl is very char- acteristic. Trophon clathratus L. A dead specimen at Cape Smythe, and another, rather stouter, at 10 miles west from Point Franklin, in 13i fathoms, mud and sand. Museum number, 40980. This species is very variable in relative proportions and closeness of varices. Turritella (Tackyrhynchus) polaris Beck. T. erosa Coutkouy. One specimen, ten miles west of Point Franklin, in 13* fathoms mud. Museum number, 40981. Trichotropis borealis Broderip & Sowerby. One specimen in 5 fathoms; Norton Sound ; dead. Museum number, 40982. Trichotropis (Ipkinoe) arctica (Midd.) Dall. Cancellaria arctica Midd. Mai. Ross, ii, p. 112, pi. ix, figs. 11, 12, 15, 1849. Beach near station, also Norton Sound, in 5 fathoms. Museum number, 40933. It was origi- nally brought by Wossnessenski from Bering Strait. Crepidula grandis Middendorff. One young specimen from 13J fathoms, 10 miles west from Point Franklin. Museum num- ber, 40984. 182 • EXPEDITION TO POINT BA1MIOW, ALASKA. Natica clausa Brodcrip «fc Sowerhy. Common on the beach near the station: also at Cape Smythe, 2£ to 5 fathoms; also off Point Franklin in 13| fathoms. Museum numbers, 409So-(». The specimens have the fine brown color which seems characteristic of those from more northern stations; a few show the white basal area characteristic of A. rusm, but do not otherwise approach that species; all are of moderate size and rather thin. The identification of Gnielin's affinis with this species does not seem sufficiently certain to render its adoption in place of clausa desirable. Lunatia pallida Broderip & Sovreruy. Abundant in the same localities as the preceding. Museum numbers, 409S7-S. Lunatia (Bulbus) flavus Gould. Xatic« flava Gould, Sill. Jo urn., xxxviii, p. 196. Rep. Inv. Mass., p. 239, fig. 162, 1842. A few fine dark brown specimens from the beach near the statiou. Museum number, 40989. This elegant species is quite distinct from the Natica {Bulbus) Smithii of the north of Europe. Lunatia (Mamma) nana Moller. One specimen from Norton Sound in 5 fathoms. Museum number, 40990. Amauropsis purpurea Dull. A. helkoides Middeudorff, not Johnstone. With A. clausa, but less common. Museum number, 40991. Velutina coriacea (Pall.) Middeudorff. One specimen on beach near the station. Museum number, 40992. Scala groenlandica Chemnitz. One specimen with the preceding. Museum number, 40993. Margarita striata Brod. & Sow. One or two specimens from the beach near the station. Museum number, 40994. Margarita vorticifera Dall. One specimen with the preceding. Museum number, 40995. This is much further north than the species was previously known to range. Margarita obscura Coutliouy. Several specimens from 5 fathoms mud in Norton Sound. Museum number, 4099G. Patella (Helcioniscus) exarata Ueeve. A single specimen of this well-known Hawaiian species was collected dead on the beach. It was undoubtedly thrown overboard with ballast from some whaler which had refitted at Honolulu, and is interesting as showing an accident of distribution, like Mr. Lord's living Orthalicas undatm from Vancouver Island. Museum number, 40997. Amicula vestita (Sby.) Dall. Chiton JEmersonii Coutliouy. Abundant 10 miles west of Point Franklin in 13J- fathoms. Museum number, 40998. Cylichna alba Brown. A few specimens from 5 fathoms mud and sand off Cape Smythe. Museum number, 40999. Cylichna propinqua M. Sars. Pather abundant in 2 A to 5 fathoms off Cape Smythe. Museum numbers, 41000-41001. ?Dendronotus Dalli Bergh. One specimen of a species of Denclronotits was taken in the act of spawning, off Cape Smythe, in 5 fathoms, August 14. As the above species is the only one described from north of Bering Strait it is probable that it should be so identified. Museum number, 41002. EXPEDITION TO POINT B'AKBDW, ALASKA. 183 Aeolidia papillosa (Linnd) Borgli. With the last, and also crawling on the stones, at low-water near the station. Museum num- ber, 4100;;. Note. — This completes the list of gastropods, but it may be mentioned that a specimen of Priene oregonense Kedf. was brought by the expedition from Unalashka, but, belonging to a differ- ent fauna, it has not been formally included in the list. ACEPHALA. Mya truncata Linne". Living on the beach near the station of Uglaiimi. Museum number, 41004. Macoma sabulosa Spengler. Beach near the station and at Cape Smythe in 2£ to 5 fathoms. Museum number, 41005. Liocyma fluctuosa (Gld.) Dall. Cape Smythe, 2£ to 5 fathoms ; also 10 miles west of Point Franklin, in 13 l fathoms mud and sand. Museum number, 4100G. Cardium (Serripes) grcenlandicum Chemnitz. Living near low-water mark to 2J- fathoms at the station; also Norton Sound at 5 fathoms, and at Cape Smythe in lU- to 5 fathoms. Collector's numbers, 195 and 17G1. Museum numbers, 41007-S. Cardium islandicum Gmcliu. Norton Sound, in 5 fathoms mud. Museum number, 41009. Cryptodon sericatus Carpenter. At Cape Smythe in 5 fathoms ; also off Point Franklin in 13£ fathoms, mud and sand. Mu- seum number, 41010. Astarte (Rictocyma) Esquimau! (Baird) Dall. Crassatella Esquimalti Baird. Rictocyma mirabilis Dall (young). Two specimens, 10 miles off Toint Frankliu, in 13J fathoms. Museum number, 41011. Astarte fabula Reeve. Norton Sound in 5 fathoms. Museum number, 41012. Venericardia borealis Conrad. One specimen of the variety V. novanglke Morse was found on the beach near the station. Museum number, 41013. Yoldia limatula Say. One specimen from 15 fathoms, mud, off Point Barrow. Museum number, 41014. Yoldia myalis Coutliouy. Off Cape Smythe in 2£ to 5 fathoms. Museum number, 41015. Yoldia lanceolata Sowerby. With the last. Museum number, 41015«. Pecten islandicus Gmelin. Living, off Point Frankliu in 13J fathoms; dead, on the beach near the station. The color of these northern specimens is apt to be of a peculiarly deep rich tint of red in various shades. The living specimen carried on its upper valve a fine specimen of Chelysoma macleaycmum, an Actinia, numerous Sertularian hydroids, and several species of Polyzoa. Museum number, 41010. BKACHIOPODA. Hhynchonella (Hemithyris) psittacea (Cb.) D'Orbigny. Attached to dead shells from 13 J- fathoms off Point Franklin. Museum number, 4101 7. 184 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. SUMMARY. Species. Cochlicopa lubrica Zonites stearnsu radiatula Octopus gronlandicus Limaeiua pacifica Bela .' exarata ? scalaris simplex temiilirata liarpa murdoobiana Adniete middendoiftiaiia Buccimmi tenue var. baeri ciliatura glaeialo augulosuiu var. normalU plectrum polare Chrysodonms kroyeri var. rayana llratus fornicatus spitzbergeusis martens! Heliotropis liarpa Stronibella Bertngii , malleata Troplion clatbratus Turritella polaris Trichotropis borealis Jpbinoij arctica Crepidula grandis iSTaticaelausa Species. (*) (*) Lunatia pallida Bulbus tlavus Maumia nana Amauropsis purpurea Velutina coiiaeea Scala gronlandica Margarita striata vorticifera obscura Amiculii vestita Cyliclma alba propinqua Dendrouotus !dalli Aeolida papillosa Mya truncata Macoma sabulosa Liocyma lluctuosa Cardinal gronlandicuur... islandicum Cryptodon sericatus Astarte esquimalti fabula Veiiericardia borealis Yoldia limatnla myalis lanceolata Pecten islandicus Heniithyris psittacea Cbelysoma macleayanura. Appendicularia sp (*) (*) (*) Total mollusts, 61 44 21 Total Brachiopods, 1 1 Total Ascidians, 2 i 11' 12 It is apparent from this list* that four families greatly preponderate, namely the Plev.rotomid.ee, Buccinidee, 2faticid.ee, and Trochidcv, as represented by Margarita. While the party doubtless obtained a full representation of species resident at or near the station itself, it should be added that the mollusk fauna of the Arctic basin adjacent is considerably larger than the number of species included in the preceding list. There is practically but one fauna from Nunivak Island northward to the Polar region, though there are a number of species which do not occupy the whole area, especially littoral forms. The writer has been gathering material for twenty years toward a faunal description of this region and hopes before long to be able to prepare it for publication, a task which, from the press- ure of other duties, has hitherto been unavoidably deferred. Towards such a complete description such contributions as this, made by the party under the command of Lieut. P. H. Ray, are particularly valuable, and to Mr. Murdoch and his companions, who went into practical exile for two years for the benefit of science, the sincere recognition and hearty thanks of all naturalists are unquestionably due. * In the list, species obtained at Cape Sniythe, Point Barrow, and near the station Uglaami, all within a short distance of one another, are included nutter the heading "Point Barrow." REPORT ON POXJSTT BARROW MOLLUSCA. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1. Buccinum angulosum, Gray, forma normalis. Fig. 2. Buccinum angulosum, Gray, forma subcostat'i. Fig. 3. Buccinum angulosum, Gray, forma angulata, ti/pica. Fig. 4. Buccinum angulosum, Gray, superficies, x 10 magnif. Fig. 5. Buccinum polare, Gray, forma normalis. Fig. 6. Buccinum polare, Gray, superficies, x 10 magnif. Fig. 7. Buccinum glaciale, Linue, forma normalis. Fig. 8. Buccinum glaciale, Linne, superficies, X 10 magnif. Fig. 9. Buccinum plectrum, Stm., forma iiercrassa, minor. Fig. 10. Buccinum plectrum, Stm., superficies, X 10 magnif. Note. — The figures of shells are all natural size. s 4 ! 3 6 VII-COLLECTING LOCALITIES AND DREDGING STATIONS. By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. 1. BEACH, CAPE SMYTHE. This locality comprises tlie steep pebbly beach and the inlets of the lagoons from abont a mile and a half above the station of Ooglaamie to about 3 miles below it. This stretch of shore was pretty thoroughly patrolled nearly every day during the season of open water. The daily tide is so small that few animals were washed up by its means, and the occasional periods of low water, caused by long-continued off-shore winds, exposed no shore-dwelling animals. The sea was never low enough to uncover the mud flats which are close to the shore. Most of the animals obtained on the beach were washed up whenever there happened to be a strong- breeze and heavy sea on-shore. Soon after we landed in 1831 there occurred several heavy gales from the west and northwest, and, as the ice-pack was a remarkable distance from the land, an exceedingly heavy sea rolled in upon the beach, bringing vast quantities of material. We were unfortunately so busy providing- ourselves with shelter against the rapidly approaching winter that we were unable to preserve any specimens, and so favorable an opportunity never recurred. Most of the material showed signs of having been transported a considerable distance. The lamellibranch shells especially were crushed and ground into small fragments. The following species were obtained at this locality : CRUSTACEA. 1. Hyas laMfrons. 2. Eupagurus trigonocheirm. 3. CJierapMlus boreas. 4. JSFectocrangen lar. 5. Hippolyte gaimardii. 6. *? Diastylis ratlikii var. 7. Chiridotea entomon. 8. Chiridotea sabinei. VERMES. 17. Melcenis lov&ni var. gigantea. 18. Arenicola glacialis. 9. Myperia medusarum. 10. Themisto Ubellula. 11. Eurytenes gryllus. 12. Onisimus littoralis. 13. Eusirus cuspidatus. 14. Melita formosa. 15. Gammaracanthits loricatus. 16. Peltogaster paguri. 19. Echiurus vulgaris. ECHINODERMATA. 20. ? Trochostoma boreale. 23. Crossaster papposus. 21. StrongyloccntroUis drobachiensis. 24. Solaster endecea. 22. Asterias acervata. ANTHOZOA. 25. Alcyonium rubiforme. 26. TJrticina crassicornis. 27. ? ? H. Ex. 44 24 185 - 186 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. ACALEPHyE. 28. Beroe roseola. 29. Aurelia lab lata f 30. Cyanea postelsii f 31. Ghrysaora melanaster. 32. Staxtropliora mertensii. MOLLUSCA. 33. Octopus gra-nlandicus. 34. Bimacina pacifica. 35. Bela tenuilirata. 3t>. Buccinum tenue. 37. Buccinum glaciale. 3S. Buccinum angulosftm } var. nor- rnalis. 39. Buccinum plectrum . 40. Buccinum polarc. 41. Chrysodomus Jcroyeri. 42. Chrysodomus liratus. 43. 67/ rysodo m us forn icatus. 44. Chrysodomus martensi. 45. Strombella beringii. 46. Strombella malleata. 47. Trophon clathratus. 48. Trichotropis (Ipkinoe) arctica, 49. Watica clausa. 50. Lunatia pallida. 51. Bunatia (Bulbus) Jlavus. 52. Amauropsis purpurea. 53. Yelutina coriacea. 54. >S'crt?<( grcenlandica. oo. Margarita striata. 5G. Margarita vorticifera. 57. Patella (Hclcioniscus) c.rarata. 55. u'Eolidia papillosa. 59. ilfjfa truncata. GO. Macoma sabulosa. Gl. Cardium (Serripes) groenlandieum. 62. Ycnericardia borealis. G3. Becten islandicus. XTJNICATA. 64. Boltenia sp. 66. Crcmellaria loricata. 67. Membranipora sp. POLYZOA. 65. Halocynthia pyriformis. 6S. Biscopora sp. PORIFEEA. 69. One or two species of sponges, undetermined. 2. SHOAL WATER ALONG- SHORE, PERGNIAK, ELSON BAY. The large fish-seine was hauled three times from the shore, in the southwest bend of Elson Bay, close to the Eskimo summer camp of Pergniak, August 11, 1SS3. A few small whitelish and sculpins were caught, and the lead-line of the seine brought up a quantity of seaweed containing many amphipods of the following two species : Gammarus locusta. < kunmaracantli us lor icatus. 3. OPE CAPE SMYTHE. Opportunities for dredging near the station were seldom offered on account of ice and bad weather. Most of the work was confined to a small area extending about a mile above and below the station, and from a depth of about 2S- fathoms, close to the shore, to 12 fathoms about a mile from the land. The bottom for the most part was an exceedingly tenacious and fetid black mud containing very little life except Worms and the large Isopods Chiridotca entomon and sabinci. Interspersed with this, however, were occasional patches of sand and mud mixed, which contained more life. Daring the season of open water these patches were generally pretty well indicated by the flocks of ducks swimming over them, attracted by the comparatively rich food. Dredgings were obtained August 14, 1SS2, and August 7 and 9, 1S83. On August 8, 1883, an opportunity occurred to dredge in 15 fathoms, about three miles above the station and about two miles from shore, just outside the barrier of grounded ice. Two hauls of the dredge were obtained EXPEDITION TO POINT EAEROW, ALASKA. 187 with great difficulty as the curreut was too feeble to make our wlialeboat drag the dredge. One haul was made by making the boat fast to a large cake of floating ice. The bottom was the same black mud and contained animals similar to those obtained at the inshore stations. The following species were obtained in this locality: PYCNOGONIDA. 1. Nymphon longitarse. 2. Eupagurus splendescens. 3. Mysis rayii. 4. Diastylis sp. 5. Chiridotca sabinci. CRUSTACEA. G. Eurytenes gryllus: 7. Acanthostepheia malmgreni. 8. Gammarus locusta. 9. DulicJiia arctha. VERMES. 10. Polynoe sarsi. 11. Mehcnis loveni. 12. Neplilhys coeca. 13. Eteone sp. 14. Phyllodoce grcenkmdica. 15. Phyllodoce sp. 10. Castalia multvpapillaia (surface). 17. Autolytus sp. (surface). 18. ? Aricia arctica. 19. Tracisiaforbesi. 20. Arenieola glaeialis., Brada granulata. "I Maldanc sp. Pectinaria sp. (tubes). Phascolosoma sp. Sagitta sp. (surface). 21 22 23. 24. 9K ECHEXODERMATA. 2G. Myrioiroehus rinlcii. 27. Ophioglypha nodosa. ANTIIOZOA. 28. Urticina crassicomis. 29. Pkcllia sp. 30. Beroe roseola. 31. Mertensia ovum. 32. Pleurobrachia rliododactyla. 33. Aurelia labiata. ? 34. Cyanea postelsii. % 35. Chrysaora melanaster. 3G. JEgina citrea. ACALEPH/E (SURFACE). 37. Aglantha camtschatica. 38. Gemmaria. f 39. Tubularia sp. (dredged). 40. Mel i cerium sp. 41. Sarsia rosaria. 42. Staurophora mertensii. 43. Medusa resembling Turris. 44. 45. 40. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52, 53. MOLLUHCA. jBeZrt simplex. 54. i>e?« tenuilirata. 55. i?e/rt murdocMana. 5G. Buccinum glaclale. 57. Buccinum angulosum var. »or- 58. mails. 59. Chrysodomus Icroyeri. 00. C 7/ rysodomus Icroyeri var. ray ana. Gl. JSTatica clausa. G2. Lunatia pallida. 03, Amauropsis purpurea. 04. Cyliclina alba. Cyliclma propimpia. Pendronotus ? Palli. JEolidia papulosa. Macoma sdbulosa. Liocyma fluctuosa. Cardium (Serripes) grcenlandicum. Cryptodo n sericatus. Yoldia limaiula. Yoldia myalls. Yoldia lanecolata TUNICATA, G5. Molgula sp 188 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 4. OFF POINT FEANKLIN. One haul of tlie dredge was made August 31, 1883, as the schooner drifted with the current about 10 miles west of Point Franklin, in 13£ fathoms of water. The bottom consisted of small pebbles, sand, and dead shells, and the dredge came up filled with animals of the following species: 1. Nymphon grossipes. 2. Chioncecetes opilio. 3. Hyas latifrons. 4. Eupagurus trigonocheirus. 5. Eupagurus splendescens. 6. Cheraphilus boreas. 7. Hippolyte fabricii. 8. Hippolyte spinus. 9. Hippolyte gaimardii. 10. Hippolyte phippsii. 11. Pandalus dapifer. 22. Polynoc scabra. PYCNOGONJDA. CRUSTACEA. 12. % Diastylis ratlikii var. 13. Diastylis sp. 14. Synidotea Mcuspida. 15. Arcturus hystrix. 10. Eurytenes gryllus. 17. Stegocepha his amp ulla. 18. Bhacliotrqpis acnleata. 19. ParampMtlioepanopla. 20. Acantliozone polyacantha, 21. Atylus swammerdamii. VERMES. 23. Polynoe islandica. 24. Pentacta frondosa. 25. Loplwtliuria fabricii. 26. Strongyloccntrotus drdbachiensis 27. Leptasterias arctica. 28. Cribrella sanguinolenta. 29. Crossaster papposus. ECHINODERMATA. 30. tiolaster endeca. 31. Opliioglyplia sarsii. 32. Opliioglyplia robusta. 33. Opliioglyplia nodosa. 34. Opliioplwlis aculeata. ANTHOZOA. 35. Alcyonium rubiforme. 37. Bertularella tricuspidata. 36. TJrticina crassicomis. ACALEPILaS. MOLLUSCA. 3&. Bela % exarata. 48, 40. Bela harpa. 49. 41. Buccinum tenue. 50. 42. Buccinum baeri. 51. 43. Buccinum cilialum. 52. 44. Buccinum glaciale. 53. 45. Buccinum polare. 54. 46. He I io t rop is ha rpa. 55. 47. Trophon clathratus. 56. 38. Tlmiaria cylindrica. Turritella polaris. Crcpidula grand is. Xatica clausa. Lunatia pallida. Amauropsis p u rp urea. Amicula restita. 54. Cryptodon sericatus. 55. Astatic esquimalti. Pecten islandicus. TUNICATA. 57. Ohclysoma macleayanum. P.RACHIOPODA. 58. Hcmitltyris psittacea. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. I8 C J POLYZOA.. 59. Leiescliara subgracilis. 60. Flustra papyrea. TORIFERA. Two or three species of sponges, undetermined.. 5. OFF PORT CLARENCE. Three hauls of the dredge were made while drifting off the entrance to Port Clarence. Sep- tember 4, 1883, in a depth of about 7£ fathoms. The bottom was pebbly and life scanty. The following species were obtained : CRUSTACEA. 1. Cheraphilus borcas. ECHINODERMATA. 2. Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis. 3. Asterias sp. ANTHOZOA. 4. Alcyonium rubiforme. G. HEAD OF NORTON SOUND. The dredge was hauled from the vessel near the head of Norton Sound, not far from St. Michael's, September 12, 1883, in about 5 fathoms. The bottom was pebbly and life rather scanty, comprising the following species: PYCNOGONIDA. 1. Nymphon grossipes. CRUSTACEA. 2. Eupagurus trigonoclieirus. 5. Synidotea bienspida. 3. Eupagurus splendescens. 6. Melita leonis. 4. Crangon vulgaris. VERMES. 7. Neplitliys caeca. ECHINODERMATA. 8. Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis. 10. ? Asterias violacea. 9. Asterias acervata. 11. Alcyonium rubiforme. 1.2. Sertularia variabilis. ANTHOZOA. ACALEPHJE. MOLLUSCA. 13. BeJa % scalaris. 19. Mamma nana. 14. Admete middendorffiana. 20. Margarita obscura. 15. Buccinum glacialc. 21. Cardium grcsnlandicmn. 16. Chrysodomus spitzbergensis. 22. Cardium islandicum. 17. Trichotropis borealis. 23. Astarte fabxila. 18. Iphinoe arctica. 190 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. It will be seen from the above lists that the region immediately about Point Barrow ( Stations 1, 2, and 3) though comparatively poor in individuals, is quite rich in number of species, at least 115 having been collected. Of these the most abundant are Mollusks (11 species exclusive of land shells), Crustacea (22 species, not counting fresh-water forms), and Worms (19 species). At Point Franklin (Station 4), on the other hand, although fewer species were obtained (62 in all) the number of individuals was simply enormous. The Mollusks were most numerous in species (21 species) but comparatively few in individuals. Crustacea were plentiful, both species and indi- viduals. The Echinoderms were most abundant in individuals, though only 11 species were obtained. Great quantities of the two species of Polyozoa also were collected. At Stations 5 and G animal life was poor both in species and individuals, though 12 species of Mollusks were obtained at Station 0. VIII. -PLANTS. By Prof. Asa Gray, Cambridge, Mass. This collection probably comprises most of the Phanerogamous plants growing at that Arctic station ; some of them not before received by us from that region, rich as our herbarium is in Arctic American plants. One of these is Ranunculus Pallasii, a most peculiar white -flowered species, which we now for the first time possess in copious specimens. With it comes a very depauperate B. multifidus, B. Pygmceus and B. nivalis, and a radicant form of Caltha palnstris, with leaves hardly a half inch long at flowering-time. Pa/paver nudicaulc appears to be the most abundant, and perhaps the most showy, plant of that Arctic flora. Parry a nudicaulis is not in the collection, but Miss Heppingstone found it on Cape Lisburne. The other Crueiferae are Cochlear ia officinalis, or some other of the ill-defined species, Draba alpina, and some related white-flowered species which are not determined for want of fruit. Stellaria longipes, var. Edicardsii, 8. humifusa, and a condensed form of Cerastium alpinnm are the only Caryophyllacea, and Astragalus alpinus and A.frigidus are the only Leguminoscv. The Bosacece are Dryas octopetala, var. integri/olia, and Potentilla emarginata Pursh., the latter in numerous and fine specimens. A very dwarf form of this species from Wrangel Island was inadvertently named P.frigida in the list of Muir's collection. The Saxifrages are 8. oppositifolia, 8. Mrculus, 8. flagellars, 8. silcniflora, 8. Meraci folia, 8. punctata, in a most reduced form, with some stems only a span high, a compact inflorescence, and small leaves which are crenately 7-9-lobed rather than dentate, which is here called var. nana, also 8. stellaris, var. convexa, 8. rivularis, var. hyperborea, and 8. cernua. ' Valeriana capitata of Pallas was sparingly collected. The Composites are only three, Petasites frigida, Senecio frigidus, and Arctic forms of Taraxacum officinale, var. lividum. The Pricacecc are even fewer, being only Vaccinium vitis-ideca and Cassiope tetragona. The remaining Gamopetahc are only Mertensia maritima in a condensed form, Pedicularh Sudetica, and P. Langsdorffii. The Apetahc, Polygonum viviparum, Oxyria digyna, Bumex salicifolius, and the following wil- lows, which have been examined and named by Mr. Bebb. An abstract of his notes upon them is here given : Salix ovalifolia, Trautv., in both sexes, and with well-formed fruit. Clearly an Arctic modifi- cation of 8. myrtilloides, with subsessile capsules. Salix glacialis, Anderss., with female flowers, and young foliage, agreeing with the character in the want of a style. Salix buxifolia, Trev. (8. phlebophylla Anderss.), withnervose lineate leaves and a manifest style. Salix rotundifolia Trautv., which is probably only 8. polaris with glabrous capsules. Salix fulcrata Anderss., in both sexes. Distinguished from 8. chlorophylla mainly by its stipules, which in these specimens answer to Siemann's plant, but not to Andersson's figure. Xo petaloideous Monocotyledon was collected except Luzula arcuata ; of Glumaccw, only Erio- pliorum Chamissonis and an immature Carex, which maybe C. vulgaris ; and of grasses a fine stock 191 192 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. of Phippsia algida, Arctagrostis (Colpodium) latifolia, Alopecurus alpinus, Grapliephorum (Ditpontia) Fisclieri; and G.fulvum, Poa benisia, and P. arctica, also a true Colpodium, the species undetermined. Dr. Farlow adds the following report upon the Lower Cryptoganiia of the Point Barrow col- lections : 1 would make the following report on the cryptogams collected at Point Barrow and submitted to me for examination. The lichens consisted of three packages, each containing a single tuft of impressed material. Two of the tufts were composed of Cetraria islandica Ach., var. Deliscci Bor., and the third of Alecioria divergens (Ach.) Nyl., mixed with which were fragments of Cetraria arctica (Hook.) and Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer. There was a quantity of fungi preserved in ajar of alcohol, but without notes of color, habit, &c, so that the specific determina- tion is in their present condition impossible. The specimens, as far as could be told, seemed to include two species of Agaricus and one of Bussttla. The Algw collected were in part marine and in part from fresh water, some of them rough- dried, and others prepared on mica. The marine species were as follows : Phyllophora interrwpta (G-rev.) J. Ag., in excellent condition, with fully-developed nemathecia ; Odonthalia dentata Lyngb., rather a broad form, with slender supra- axillary tetrasporic branchlets; fragments of a sterile species which possibly belonged to RUodymenia pertusa (Bail, and Harv.) J. Ag. ; and fragments of an Ulva which could not be determined. The fresh-water species included several specimens of a Prasiola, which may be referred with some doubt to P. crispa (Lightf.) Kg. The specimens were considerably larger than the type, some being nearly three inches long, but the habit Avas prostrate and buliate, and there was no distinct stipe as in P. stipitata Suhr., a species previously reported from the Arctic regions of America. It is possible that the species may prove to be new, but, as the specimens agree in microscopic structure with P. crispa, it would not be well without further information to separate them as a distinct species. Besides the Prasiola mentioned, the material on mica contained Pcdiastrum Bory- anum Menegh, and two Cyanophycew, Aphanothece stagnina A. Br,, and Aplianacapsa Castagnei (Breh.). APPENDIX. By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. A.— NOTES ON SURFACE LIFE UNDER THE SEA-ICE, FROM FEBRUARY 27 TO JUNE 8, 1883. At tlie suggestion of Lieutenant Ray, a towmg-net was arranged so that it could be attached to the line of the tide-gauge and set at different depths under the ice (see diagram). The water was about 17 feet deep. When a strong current was running in either direction the net was dis- tended and many animals captured. 3 The net was visited generally every day, unless the weather was too severe to handle it, Early in the season the bucket of Avater containing the washings of the net was so full of k-e- crystals that it had to be thawed beforo the stove before it could be examined. February 27.— Current NE. Temperature of the water, 29°.l F., net set near the bottom. Small copepods resembling Cyclops, a few. JEgina cifrca, 2 small ones. Turris f sp., a few small. February 2S.— Conditions as above. Copepods; rather plenty. Biastylis sp., 1, small. Beroe roseola, 1, about 0.2 inch long. JEgina citrca, 1 or 2, very small. March 4.— Current and temperature as before, net set near surface. Diastylis sp., 1, small. Copepods ; a few. Beroe roseola, very abundant, from size of pin-head to about 0.3 inch in diameter. ' 1!)3 H. Ex. 44 25 194 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. March 5. — Conditions as above. Copepods ; plenty. Beroe roseola ; abundant and small. JEgina citrea, 1, rather larger than before. March G.— Current SW. -:; Copepods; plenty. Bero'e roseola, plenty, same young brood. March 7. — Conditions as above. Copepods ; rather fewer. Sagitta sp,, 1, adult. Beroe roseola ; plenty, no larger. Sarsia rosaria, 1, small. March 8. — Conditions as above. Copepods; a few. Beroe roseola ; a few. March 9. — Conditions as above, more life. Copepods; a few. Sagitta sp., 1, adult. Beroe roseola ; abundant, same brood. Sarsia rosaria, 1, small. March 10. — SW. current strong. Copepods; a few. Beroe roseola ; plenty, same brood. March 11. — SW. current very strong. Water very muddy. Autolytus sp.; a few, very small. Castalia inultipapillata ; a few, very small. Copepods; a few. Beroe roseola; a few. March 12. — Conditions as above. Water still muddier. Copepods; a few. Autolytus sp., 1, small. Beroe roseola, 1 or 2 apparently dead. Noticed a Beroe in the tide-hole at least one inch long, and uiir.i March 13. — Current NE. Water still muddy. Copepods ; rather abundant. Atitolytus sp., 1, rather larger than before. Beroe roseola ; increasing in numbers, small. f JEgina citrea, 1, § inch in diameter. 1 very small. Sarsia rosaria ; several small. Ticrris ? sp.; several small. March 14. — Conditions as above. Water less muddy. Copepods ; a few. Beroe roseola ; a few. Turris ? sp., 1, about 0.4 inch in length. March 15. — Strong SW. current. Water clear, very little life. March 18.— Slack NE. current. Copepods ; a few. Beroe roseola, 1 or 2 small. JEgina citrea, 3. March 19. — Strong SW. current. Copepods ; a few. ? CUonc borealis, larva, 1. Sarsia rosaria, 1 or 2. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 195 March 21. — Current slack. C&pepods ; plenty. Beroii roseola ; plenty (one or two .1 little larger than before). March 23.— Current NE. Copepods ; plenty. Autolytus sp. ; 2 egg-bearing females. Beroe roseola ; plenty; rather larger. JEgina citrea ; 1 or 2. Sarsia rosaria; 1. March 24. — Conditions as above. Water muddy. Copepods ; very plenty. Autolytus sp. ; 2 egg-bearing females. Beroe roseola ; a few. Sarsia rosaria ; 1. March 25. — Conditions as above. Life scanty. March 28. — Conditions as above, but water high. Copepods ; a few. Beroe roseola; a few. Sarsia rosaria; 1, small. March 29. — Conditions as above. Copepods ; a few. Autolytus sp.; 1 egg-bearing female. JEgina citrea ; 3 or 4. April 4. — Net loaded witb ice-crystals. April 5.— Current SW. Temperature of water 29°.l F. Water muddy. Net elear of ice. Life scanty. Beroe roseola ; a few; small. Sarsia rosaria; a few. April 7. — Conditions as above. Life very scanty. April 10.— Conditions as above. Water muddy. Life scanty. Copepods ; a few. Beroe roseola ; a few and small. JEcjina citrea ; 2 or 3; very small. Sarsia rosaria; 1, small. April 11. — Conditions as above. Life scanty. JEgina citrea : 2, small. Sarsia rosaria; 2 or 3 (one larger than usual, about 0.4 inch). April 12".— Current NE., almost slack. Water muddy. Life very scanty. April 14.— Current slack. Water and net very muddy. Life very scanty. April 1G.— Current slack. Water and net less muddy. Practically no life. Until April 24 the current continued slack, and no life was observed. On that date there was a slight SW. current, but practically no life. April 26.— Current NE., rather strong. Temperature continued the same. Beroe roseola ; 1; small. Mgina citrea ; 1; medium-sized. Sarsia rosaria ; rather plenty. April 27.— Current NE., slight. Water decidedly milky. Copepods ; a few. Beroii roseola ; a few; small. Conditions unfavorable for tending the net until May G. May 6.— Slight NE. current. Temperature unchanged. Water muddy, Life scanty. Copepods; 1 or 2. Sarsia rosaria ; rather numerous. 196 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABHOW, ALASKA. May 8. — NE. current, rather strong. Water muddy. ? Clionc borealis. larva; 1. Sarsia rosaria ; rather plenty ; very small. May 10. — Moderate NE. current. Water muddy. No life. May 11. — Current slack. May 14.— Current SW. in morning, slack at night. Nothing in net. (Found a large Beroe roseola 4 inches long in tide hole, dead and much dilapidated.) May 15. — Weak NE. current. Water very clear. No life. May 18. — Strong NE. current. Water muddy. Life scanty. Copepods ; a few. Beroe roseola ; a few: small. JEgina citrea ; 1 or 2. Sarsia rosaria; a few. May 19. — Strong NE. current. ? Clione borealis, larva; a good many; no farther developed. Beroe roseola ; plenty; very small. Sarsia rosaria; 1 or 2. May 21. — Strong NE. current. Water muddy. ? Clione borealis, larva; a few. Beroe roseola; 2; about i inch long. Sarsia rosaria; 1. May 22. — No current. May 23. — Strong NE. current. Life scanty. f Clione borealis, larva; a few. A few very small acalephs. May 24. — Strong NE. current. ? Clione borealis, larva; plenty (some have grown larger). Beroe roseola ; very abundant, from very small to size of filbert. (Saw one very large one, 6 or 7 inches long, dead, and somewhat broken.) JEgina citrea ; 1 ; large. Meliccrtum sp.; 1. Sarsia rosaria; plenty and large (about .75 inch). May 20.— Strong NE. current. ? Clione borealis, larva ; a few. ^Egina citrea; 2 good-sized ones. Sarsia rosaria ; a few. May 27. — Strong NE. current. Water muddy. Life scanty. Beroe roseola ; 1 or 2. Sarsia rosaria; 1 or 2. May 30. — Current slack. f Clione borealis, larva; a few. May 31. — Current slack. JEgina citrea; 1; large. June 2. — Rather strong NE. current. Life scanty. ? Clione borealis, larva; a few. June 5. — Current slack. No life. June 7. — Strong NE. current. Life scanty. ? Clione borealis, larva; a few. June 8. — Current NE. Life scanty. ? Clione borealis, larva; a few. Net taken up. During the whole period in which the net was set the surface temperature of t he water remained very nearly constant at 29°.l F. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 197 The foregoing notes are presented as the first continuous series of observations on surface life during winter in (lit- Arctic regions. The only reference to any observation of the kind that 1 have been able to find in any of the accounts of Arctic exploration will be found in Dr. Sutherland's "Journal of a Voyage in Baffin's Bay and Barrow Strait,*' vol. J, pp. 440-441. On December 3, 1850, the sea- water in the firehole was observed to be luminous, especially when agitated by the tide-line. "'* * * A minute acaleph was discovered which seemed to possess cilia. * * * The shape was perfectly globular, except when in a state of motion, and then it was rudely pyramidal.'' This was probably the young Bero'ti roseola which we found so abundant under the ice. B.— NOTES ON SURFACE LIFE OBSERVED DURING- THE VOYAGE FROM SAN FRANCISCO TO POINT BARROW, AND DURING THE SEASON OF OPEN WATER AT POINT BARROW. PACIFIC OCEAN. I§81. July 19.— Latitude 37° 6' N.; longitude 124= 33' W. (at noon). Large numbers of Yelella sp. floated past the vessel. July 20.— Latitude 30° 51' N.: longitude 120° 33' W. Yelella sp.; less plenty. July 21.— Latitude 37° 09' N.: longitude 128° 44' W. A few Yelella sp. July 23.— Latitude 38° 11' N.; longitude 134 D 17' W. Large numbers of Lepas sp. floating in bunches. July 21,— Latitude 39° 10' N.; longitude 134° 54' W. Lepas sp.; plenty. July 25.— Latitude 41? 17' N.; longitude 135° 40' W. Lcpas sp.; plenty. July 20.— Latitude 42° 44' N.; longitude 130° IS' W. Lcpas sp. in unusually large numbers. July 28.— Latitude -15° IS' N.; longitude 130° 45' W. Water idled with the shells of dead Yelella^ to some of which were attached a single large blue barnacle (? Lcpas sp.): Lepas sp. plenty. July 29. - Latitude 45° 02' N.; longitude 139° 37' 45" W. Large numbers of Yelella sp. dead or dying. July '30.— Latitude 45° 30' N.; longitude 141° 40' W. Dead or dying Yelella sp.; still very plenty. ' August 4. — Latitude 42° 29' N.; longitude, no observation. Sal pa herculea; saw several. August 11.— Latitude 54° 15' N.: longitude 15S° 58' W. Temperature of water at noon 52°.2 F. Water full of Medusa'. ? Mertensia ovum; saw one. '? Aurclia labiata; plenty and small. '? Cyanea postclsii ; plenty. 1 Pelagia sp. Staurophora mertensn ; very plenty and large. In crossing Bering Sea Ave had rough weather and observed no surface life. Aitrelm labiata "was observed in Plover Bay. Eastern Siberia. ARCTIC OCEAN. August 31.— Latitude 09° 01' N.; longitude 1GG C 25' W\ Temperature of water. 47 c F. Cyanea postelsii : rather plenty. 193 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. September 4.— Latitude 7(P 21' N.; longitude 105° 10' W. (80 miles west of Icy Cape). Tem- perature of water, 43°.8 F. Water full of Beroe roseola. September 5.— Latitude 70° 21' BT.j longitude 163° 43' W. Temperature of water, 443.5 P. Water full of Accdephs; large aud healthy. Beroe roseola ; plenty. Mertensia ovum ; 1. Pleurobrachia rhododactyla; very plenty. Aurelia labiata; plenty. Cyanea postelsii; plenty. Staurophora mertensii; plenty. Noticed a few Pteropods. STATION, OOGLAAMIE, CAPE SMYTHE, September 10. — Water full of Cyanea postelsii of large size and varying color. October 13. — Chrysaora melanaster washed up on the beach. November 10.— Water at noon filled with large medusas, Aurelia labiata and Cyanea postelsii. Temperature of water, 29° P. November 11. — At noon observed one small living Cyanea postelsii. Temperature of water, 30°.0 P. . ' November 28. — Cyanea postelsii and Aurelia labiata observed through a crack in the ice. Sea closed. 1882. January 17. — Cyanea postelsii of large size observed in the hole cut for taking the temperature of the sea- water, which was 28°.7 P. February G. — Cyanea postelsii of large size taken in the temperature-hole. Temperature of water, 29° P. April 29. — Three living and healthy specimens of Bcroe roseola about two inches long were taken in the temperature-hole. Temperature of water, 29 p P. July 18. — Sea open between shore and grounded ice. Temperature of water, 39° P. Water swarming with a small nauplius (Balanus sp.). Observed a few pteropods (Limacina pacifica). Beroe roseola ; very abundant] mostly small. Pleurobrachia rhododactyla ; very abundant, of all sizes. Aglantha camtscliatica ; very plenty. Jxdy 19. — Temperature of water, 40°.2 P. Limacina pacifica ; more abundant. Beroe roseola ; very abundant; mostly small. Pleurobrachia rhododactyla ; very abundant, of all sizes. Chrysaora melanaster ; two cv three on bottom. Aglantha camtscliatica ; quite plenty. July 24.— Limacina pacifica ; rather plenty. Observed only one or two acalephs. July 31. — Temperature of water, 49° P. Observed comparatively few medusa?. August 19. — Large Chrysaora melanaster, 18 inches across umbrella, washed up on beach. August 29. — Picked up a L.rge Aurelia labiata ou the beach. Ovaries discharged. August 31. — Saw another large Aurelia on the beach. September 11. — Observed one red Cyanea. September 15. — Observed two Aurelia labiate. Cyanea postelsii very abundant; mostly de^d .or dying. Observed one or two very largo ones. Two or three Staur.ophora, mertensii washed up on the beach, rather mutilated. September 17. — Beroe roseola very plenty out araou? the loose ice, three or tour miles from tho shore. EXPEDITION TO POINT HARROW, ALASKA. 199 September 20. — Observed a very large Bcroe roseola, five inches long, and one Amelia lablata, in the shoal water elose to the shore. September 28. — Much loose ice. Bcroe roseola and Cyanea po&telsii abundant and large. 1883. August G. — Water open inside "barrier." Beroe roseola ; about three inches long; very plenty in the pools along the shore. August S. — Water outside the "barrier" fall of acalephs. Strong NE. current. Beroe roseola ; large and very abundant. Mertensia ovum; large and very abundant. Pleurobrachia rhododactyla ; large and very abundant. Sarsia* rosaria; plenty and large. Turris? sp. ; plenty and large. Appendicular ia sp. ; in enormous numbers of largo size. ISTo acalephs were observed inside the grounded ice. August 9. — Temperature of water, 34° to 3C° F. Inside of grounded ice found surface life abundant. Sagitta sp.;.one taken. Appendicularia sp. j in myriads. Beroe roseola ; large and small, abundant. Plcurobracltia rhododactyla ; abundant. Cyanea postclsii ; not plenty. Sarsia rosaria ; plenty and large. Turris ? sp. ; plenty and large. August 10. — Strong NE. current. Temperature of water, 37° F. Water filled with Appendicularia sp.; both animals and "houses." Bcroe roseola ; large and small; very plenty. Mertensia ovum; not plenty. Gemmaria f sp. ; not. plenty. Sarsia rosaria ; plenty, large, and flourishing. August 11. — Beroe roseola ; in myriads. Chrysaora melanastcr ; abundant in all stages, from Epliyra, about .75 inches in diaiu eter, to adult. Turris ? sp. ; very plenty. August 12. — Beroe roseola; plenty. Water full of small white grains, apparently larvae of some description, though their structure could not be made out under the microscope. August 15. — Very strong NE. current. Many "houses" of Appendicularia sp. drifting about and a good many of the animals free or partially extricated. Beroe roseola ; plenty. Pleurobrachia rhododactyla; a few. Bolina sp. ; a few. Cyanea postelsii ; one or two small yellow ones. Chrysaora melanaster ; a few dead or dying at the bottom. Gemmaria ? sp. ; plenty. Sarsia rosaria; plenty. Turris ? sp.; plenty. Sagitta sp. ; a few specimens. August 16. — Life in water as yesterday, but less plenty. Until August 28, the time of the party was so occupied with the work of closing the station that no zoological observations could be made. August 28. — Limacina pacifica ; abundant, and myriads of the "white grains" above noted. 200 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. August 29. — Crossing the mouth of Peard Bay. Temp, of -water 42° F. Observed a few Limacina pacijicct ; " white grains" very plenty. Berce roseola and other acalepbs rather abundant at night. BEEIXG SEA. September 4.— Latitude G5° 1C 2s., longitude 101° 30' TV. Aurelia labiata; not plenty. Cyanea po&telsii ; not plenty. Staurophora mertensii ; not plenty. September 8. — Anchored off St. Michaefs. Aurelia labiata; not plenty. Cyanea postelsii; not plenty. September 0. — Anchored off St. Michael's. Aurelia labiata; not plenty. Cyanea postelsii; not plenty (one red one). September 12. — In Norton Sound. Water at noon full of Aurelia labiata of large size and apparently spawning. A. lew Cyanea postelsii observed. September 13, — In Norton Sound, A lew acalepbs only observed. We had very rough weather from Norton Sound to EJnalaska and observed no surface life. September 21. — Unalaska. Observed iu sboal water close to the beach a peculiar large aealeph about a foot across the umbrella. Closely allied to Aurelia, with very short marginal tentacles, and rather short labial lappets. Color, a rich violet blue. The weather in crossing the Pacific Ocean from Unalaska to San Francisco was generally rough and no observations of any importance could be made. O— LIST OF BIRDS NOTICED AT PLOVEB BAY, EASTERN SIBERIA, AUGUST 21 TO 25, 1881. Anthus sp.;* rather common round the Eskimo village. C'orcus corax; abundant and remarkably tame round the houses. Strepsilas interpret; fairly abundant. Aetodromas metadata ; one taken. Aetodromas bairdi ; one taken badly mutilated. Pelidna alpina amcricana ?; one immature male taken. Ereune/es pusillus; fairly abundant in small flocks. Phedaropus fulicarius ; one small flock seen. Somaterict, v-nigra; quite plenty; mostly females and young two-thirds grown. Phedacrocorax dilophus F ;* very plenty. Eissa tridactyla ; plenty. Larus cachinnans ? ;* plenty and very tame. Stereorariits parasiticus ; several seen flying around the bay in clear weather. Fraterculei corniculeita ; plenty; one taken. Lunda cirrhata; plenty. Ciceroniet pusillaf ;* very numerous in good-sized flocks. Uriel grylle ; very numerous. Lomvia arra f ;* plenty. These observations were confined to the immediate neighborhood of the " sandspit," where we lay waiting for clear weather to make time-observations at the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey station. " Not titkeu. PABT "V. METEOROLOGY H. Ex. 44 2G 201 METEOROLOGY, INTRODUCTORY. I. Meteorological observations were begun on October 18, 1S81, and continued without inter- ruption until tbe station was closed on August 27, 1883. They were then renewed on board of the schooner Leo, and continued till 1 a. m. } October 7, 1SS3, when the vessel was inside the Golden Gate. From tbe opening of the station until June 5, 1SS2, tbe thermometers and hygrometers were exposed in a shelter placed on the north side of the back storm-porch (see plan of station, pi. 2). This consisted of a box of galvanized iron louvre-work, with a flat roof of the same material, 5 feet long and 4 feet broad, mounted on posts 3 feet above the ground. Tins was inclosed by wooden louvre-work blinds on the three exposed sides, reaching to the ground, and bad a wooden floor. On June 5, 1SS2, the instruments were removed to a larger and more convenient shelter, farther away from the quarters, extending along the northern side of the building from the northwest corner, and entered by a door at this corner (see plan, as above). This was made of wooden louvre- work blinds, fastened to studding, with sealskin deprived of the hair fastened up inside, so as to inclose an air-space of 4 inches open above and below. The roof was of walrus-hide. Tbe shelter was 10 feet long by 4 feet broad, and reached up to the eaves of tbe building. The thermometers, &c, used in the observations on the voyage home, were mounted in a shelter of galvanized iron louvre-work, lashed on the starboard side of the quarter-deck. The barometers were hung in the southeast corner of the quarters, near the window. The wind-vane was placed on tbe roof, north of the ridge-pole, so that the rod passed down through the ceiling of the wash-room. The anemometer was first mounted on tbe ridge-pole, at the west end of the building, but on the completion of the bastion, June 15, 18S2, was removed to the top of this. The self-register of tbe anemometer was on the mantel-shelf in the quarters, and the bat- teries on the shelf in the wash-room. The rain-gauge occupied the place of the anemometer when this was removed. During the extremely low temperatures it was found impossible to get satisfactory results with the wet- and dry-bulb hygrometer, and the relative humidity was accordingly observed with the hair hygrometer. The highest temperature observed during the occupation of the station was G0°.5, the lowest — 52°.G, giving a range of 113°.l. 203 204 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAIJEOW, ALASKA. Tablcti shoioing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883. [Barometer aljovc sea. 17 feet. Washington mean time. Con cction J'or mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. i a. in. 2 a. in. :s a. ni. i a. in. 5 a, m. a. m. 7 a. in. S a. in. i) a. in. 10 a. in. 11 a. in. 12 m. J p. in. 2 p. m. 1881. Oct. 18.... 20.815 m. 826 29. 810 29. 717 29. 722 29. 713 29. 783 29. 770 29. 735 29.719 29. 709 29. 700 29. 812 29. 694 Oct. in.... 29. 662 29. 089 29. 739 29. 757 29. 805 29. 825 29. 828 29. 831 29. 838 29. 858 29. 873 29. 857 29. 901 30. 038 Oct. 20.... 20. 952 I'!). 953 29. 963 29. 903 29. 954 29. 949 29. 930 29. 930 29. 938 29. 922 29.910 29. 890 29. S97 29. 894 Oct. 21.... 29. 828 29. S17 29. 833 29. S38 29. 845 29. 850 29. 828 29. 822 29. 838 29. 838 29. 853 . 29. 853 29.861 29. 857 Oct, 22.... 29. 898 29. S98 29. 908 29. 920 29. 921 29. 915 29. 860 29. 857 29. 835 29. 830 29. 825 29. 823 29.841 29. 811 Oct, 23.... 29. 763 29. 749 29. 730 29. 739 29. 740 29. 763 29. 71S 29. 720 29. 720 29. 720 29. 710 29. 72:) 29. 738 29.710 Oct. 24.... 29.711 29. 707 29. 703 29. 090 29. 729 29. 709 29. 089 29. 655 29.618 29. 596 29. 597 29. 628 29. 015 29. 639 Oct. 25.... 29. 517 29. 512 29.510 29. 518 29. 511 29.499 29. 494 29. 4.80 29. 406 29.405 29. 486 29. 472 29. 472 29. 475 Oct. 26.... 29. 453 29.450 29.471 29. 470 29.473 29. 460 29. 428 29. 423 29. 408 29. 402 29.397 29. 427 29. 432 29. 426 Oct. 27.... 29. 060 29. 070 29. 080 29. 081 29. 095 29.741 29. 723 29. 727 29. 734 29. 742 29. 701 29. 771 29. 772 2-9. 775 Oet. 28.... 29. 752 29. 751 29. 772 29. 759 29. 701 29. 745 29. 740 29. 740 29. 739 29. 722 29.717 29. 707 29. 698 29. 673 Oct 29. . . . 29. 712 29. 714 29. 099 29. 037 29. 695 29. 085 29. 701 29. 097 29. 694 29. 094 29. 701 29. 702 29. 707 29. 700 Oct, 30.... 29. 746 29. 762 29. 730 29. 773 29. 823 29. 834 29. 828 29. 835 • 29. 828 29. 843 29. 828 29. 840 29. 870 29. 856 Oct. 31.... 29. 985 30. 002 30. COS 30. 019 30. 028 30. 024 30. 034 30 049 30. 053 30. 057 30. 071 30. 083 30. 089 30. 095 Means . . 29. 747 29.750 29.755 29. 750 29. 705 29. 760 29. 750 29. 753 29. 747 29.743 29.745 29. 754 •>».7t;« 29. 761 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. ni. 6 p. m. i p. m. 8 p. m. it p. ni. 10 p. m . 11 p. m. 12 ii.m. Daily means. Max. Mm. Range. 1881. Oct 18.... 29. 689 29. 089 29. 081 29. 060 29. 051 29. 061 29. 045 29. 040 29. 049 29. 047 29. 723 29. 820 29 040 .180 Oct. 19.... 29. 933 29. 943 29. 954 29. 901 29. 949 29. 950 29. 978 29. 940 29. 902 2.9. 95G 29. 879 30. 038 29. 662 .376 Oct, 20.... 29. 875 29. 879 29. 802 29.851 29. 841 29. 853 29. 85:! 29. 844 29. 850 29. 832 29. 900 29. 963 29. 832 .131 Oct. 21.... 29. 860 2!). 807 29. 871 29. 809 29. S77 29. 864 29. 887 29. 897 29. 898 29. 895 29. 850 29. 898 29. 817 .081 Oct. 22.... 29. 793 29. 787 29. 785 29. 7S0 29. 789 29. 782 29. 7S3 29. 775 29. 761 29. 756 29. 831 29. 926 29. 756 .1.70 Oct. 23.... 29. 741 29. 727 29. 725 29. 735 29. 733 29. 728 29.721 29. 720 29. 709 29. 709 29. 730 29. 703 29. 709 .054 Oet 24.... 29. 589 29. 594 29. 589 29. 581 29. 509 29. 578 29. 571 29. 564 29. 533 29. 539 29. 625 29. 729 29. 533 .196 Oct 25.... 29. 450 29. 457 29. 419 29. 441 29.442 29. 447 29. 451 29.442 29.450 29. 453 29.474 29. 518 29.441 .077 Oct, 26.... 29. 450 29. 471 29. 498 29.523 29. 548 29. 559 29. 570 29. 593 29. 033 29. 642 29. 484 29. 042 29.397 .245 Oct, 27.... 29. 793 29. 785 29. 779 29. 767 29. 7G7 29. 755 29. 755 29.753 29. 762 29. 756 29. 74 1 29. 793 29. 660 . 133 Oct. 28.... 29. 087 29. 674 29. 078 29. 669 29. 666 29. 070 29. 674 29. 695 29. 694 29. 711 29. 712 29. 772 29. 006 .100 Oct. 29.... 29. 719 29. 717 29. 720 29.721 29. 717 29. 720 29. 737 29. 728 29. 735 29.743 29. 711 29. 743 29. 685 .058 Oct 30.... 29. 890 29. 901 29. 908 29. 920 29. 932 29. 935 29. 954 29. 973 29. 972 29. 981 29. 866 29. 981 29. 736 .245 Oet. 31.... 30. 100 30. 100 30. 108 30. 121 30. 117 30. 106 30. 122 30. 125 30. 138 30.149 30.074 30.149 29. 985 .164 Means .. 29. 755 29. 758 29. 758 29. 757 29. 757 29. 759 29. 764 29. 764 29. 70S 29.789 29. 758 29. 839 29. 080 | .159 6. Gravity | correction. ; I ! 28 i 29 ; 30- 31 -fO. 058 -4-0. 060 +0. 062 -}-0. 064 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKItOW. ALASKA. 205 Tahiti showing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Baromotcr above sea, L7 feet. 'Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Da to. 1 a. m. 2 ;i. m. 'A a. iu. 1 a. in. 5 a. ni. (J a. in. 7 a. m. S a. m. i) a. in. 10 a. in. 11 a. m. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p.m. 1881. Nov. 1... 30. 150 30.153 30.157 30. 155 30. 150 30. 173 30.115 30. 133 30. 113 30. 105 30. 07S 30. 077 30. H73 30. 031 2s ov. 2... 29. 800 29. 815 29. 835 20. 817 29. 80G 29. 790 29. 751 29. 722 29. 70G 29. 080 29. G74 29. C04 29. 070 29. 003 Nov. 3... 29. 000 29. 003 29. 032 29. 030 29. 054 29. 048 29.600 29. 597 29. 597 29. 610 29. 022 29. GOO 29. 017 29. 010 Nov. 4... 29.018 29. 008 29.014 29. 001 29. 583 29.571 29. 578 29. 579 29. 572 29. 551 29. 549 29. 540 29. 543 29. 551' X(ir. 5... 29. 487 20. 473 29. 170 29. 477 29. 47G 29. 480 29. 480 29. 483 29. 479 29. 470 29. 478 29. 481 29.493 29. 497. Nov. 6... 29. 077 29 094 29. 708 29. 72:; 29. 740 29. 777 29. 793 29. 803 29. 821 29. 830 29. 875" 29. 870 29. 800 29. 898 TffOT. 7... 30. 0S5 30. 085 30. 083 30. 0S5 30. 089 30. 131 30. 145 30.158 30. 170 30. 105 39. 1S3 .';o. 142 30.178 30. 180 Nov. 8... 30. 175 30. 170 30. 157 30. 149 30. 141 30.131 30. 116 30. 108 30. 098 30. 083 39. 080 30.080 30. 082 30. 078 Nov. 9... 29. 948 29. 937 29. 953 29. 95G 29. 947 29. 932 29. 891 29. 873 29. SS9 29. 875 29. 807 29. 868 29. 877 29.873 Nov. 10... 29. 942 29. 955 29. 9G0 20. 90S 29. 981 29. 9S7 30. 014 30. 028 30. 042 30.041 30. 078 30. 079 30. 081 30.113 Nov. 11... 30. 254 30. 277 30. 292 30.313 30.310 30. 325 30. 325 30. 335 30.340 30. 359 30. 37S 30.390 30. 3S3 30. 405 Nov. 12... 31 539 30. 551 30. 501 30. 504 30. 555 30. 500 30. 589 30. 591 30. 592 30. 5S5 30. 596 30. 597 30. GOO 30. 619 Nov. 13... 30.6S6 30. cs: 30. 072 30. 075 30. 070 ao.esti 30. 60S 30. GG4 30. 643 30. 049 30. 002 30. 642 30.612 30. 580 Nov. 14... 30.431 30. 404 30. 3S:' 30. 309 30. 300 30. 337 30. SOS 30. 284 30. 245 30.215 30. 197 30. 191 30.143 30. 120 Nov. 15.. -> 29. 954 29. 949 29. 909 29. 958 29. 9G4 29. 955 29. 939 29.941 29. 928 29. 922 29. 910 29.907 29. 807 29. 880 Nov. 1G... 29. 980 20. 993 29..9S0 29. 992 30. 003 30. 011 30. 029 30.013 30. 063 30. 073 30. 073 30. 095 30. 109 3». 131 Nov. 17... 30. 290 3'). 301 30. 317 30.317 30. 327 30. 321 30. 319 SO. 304 30. 328 30. :j07 30. 334 30.314 30. 284 30. 291 Nov. IS... 30. 133 30. 122 30. 081 30. 045 30. 048 30. 048 30. 020 29. 993 29. 979 29. 96S 29. 952 20. 945 29.941 29. 920 Nov. 19... 29. 031 29. 023 29. 030 29. C17 29. 007 29. 590 29. 5S2 29. 577 29. 563 20. 532 29. 530 29. 510 29.400 29. 484 Nov. 20... 29. 427 29. 414 29. 398 29. 385 29. 374 29. 3G5 29. 390 29. 380 29. 372 29. 372 29. 374 29. 374 29. 377 29. 389 Nov. 21... 2:'. 5:;o 29. 540 29. 509 29. 588 29.G14 29. 017 29. 714 29. 749 29. 782 29. 840 20. 874 29. 905 29. 937 29. 9G9 Nov. "2... 30. 30G 30. 318 30. 321 30. 33G 30. 325 30. 350 30. 385 30. 394 SO. 39G 30. 404 30. 400 30.411 30. 418 30. 410 Nov. 23... 30. 301 30. 280 30. 279 30. 27G 30. 203 30. 259 30. 227 30. 19G 30. 204 30.195 30. 100 30.150 30.140 30. 122 Nov. 24... 29. 989 29. 989 29. 992 29. 907 29. 917 29. 880 29. 888 20. 893 29. 871 29. 860 29. 881 29. 851 29. 831 29. 822 Nov. 25... 29. 703 29. 7G0 29. 748 29. 740 29. 728 29. 722 29. 098 29. 086 29. 691 29. 074 29. 436 29. 631 29. 015 29.015 Nov. 20... 29. COS 29. 011 29. 597 29. 598 29. 007 29. 000 29. 610 29. 019 29. 005 29. 602 29. 598 29. 590 29. 587 29. 592 Nov. 27... 29. 40G 29.457 29. 444 29. 437 29. 413 29. 378 29. 350 29. 329 29. 29S 29. 271 29. 225 29. 207 29. 210 29. 192 Nov. 28... 29. 230 29. 230 29.219 29. 212 29. 201 29. 200 29. 200 29. 191 29. 183 29. 171 29. 1G7 29. 154 29. 143 29. 140 Nov. 29... 29. 112 29.114 29. US 29. US 29. 114 29. 112 29. 124 29.110 20.091 29. 100 29. 125 29. 180 29. 253 29. 309 Nov. 30... 29. 441 29.SS7 29. 429 29.424 29. 423 29. 430 29. 444 29. 459 29. 470 29. 409 29. 477 29.496 29. 505 29. 525 29. 547 Means .. 29. 880 29. 880 29. 883 29. 880 29. 881 29. S7S 29. 874 29. 871 29. 867 29.862 29. SOG 29. 807 29. 80S Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. ro. 6 p. m. 7 p. m. S p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max. Min. Range: 1881. Nov. 1... 30. 027 30. 024 30. 003 29. 990 29. 982 29. 979 29. 903 29.940 29. 878 29. 857 30. 050 30. 173 29. 857 .315 Nov. 2... 29. 637 29. G20 29. 609 29. 608 29. 007 29. 597 29. 002 29. 587 29. 594 29. 597 29. 690 29. 860 29.587 .273: Nov. 3... 29.G21 29. 031 29. 624 29. G30 29. 632 29. 634 29. 633 29. 033 29. 626 29. GIG 29.622 29. 654 29. 597 • 05x; Nov. 4... 29. 534 29. 523 29. 518 29. 507 29. 510 29. 501 29. 488 29. 478 29.492 29. 483 29. 546 29. 618 29. 483 -.135? Nov. 5 . . . 29. 509 29. 528 29. 532 29. 550 29. 564 29. 577 29. 571 29. 574 29. 640 29. 649 29. 518 29. 049 29. 470 .179 Nov. G... 29. 919 29. 935 29. 948 29. 960 29. 976 29. 997 30. 013 30. 015 30. 037 30. 056 29. 874 30. 056 29. 677 ..379. Nov. 7... 30. 20S 30.210 30. 220 30. 223 30. 218 30. 221 30. 218 30. 225 30. 19S 30. 177 30.167 30.225 30. 083 .1425 Nov. 8... 30. 041 30. 005 30. 025 29. 994 29. 989 29. 957 29. 958 • 29. 955 29. 948 29 949 30. 061 30. 175 29. 948 .2221 Nov. 9... 29. 893 29. 891 29. 901 29. 894 29. 898 29. 911 29. 912 29. 919 29. 930 29. 936 29.909 29. 956 29. 867 ;.089 Nov. 10... 30. 128 30. 153 30. 158 30. 1G3 30. 167 30. 187 30. 189 30. 201 30. 230 30. 242 30. 0S7 30. 242 29. 942 ;,300 Nov. 11... 30. 443 30. 444 30. 403 30. 470 30. 488 30. 487 30. 490 30. 504 30. 523 30. 533 30. 398 30. 533 30.254 * 27 3' Nov. 12 .. 30. 037 30. 042 30. G41 30. 037 30. 648 30. 050 30. 050 30. 659 30. 676 30. 675 30.609 30. 676 30.539 . ui Nov. 13... 30. 591 30. 5G7 30. 567 30. 538 30. 535 30. 533 30. 520 30. 509 30. 4S0 30. 459 30. 604 30.6S0 30. 459 .227, Nov. 14... 30. 095 30. 050 30. 054 30. 043 30.008 29. 999 29. 9S5 29. 972 29. 973 29. 961 30. 172 30.431 29. 961 .470 Nor. 15... 29. 898 29. 903 29. 921 29. 941 29. 981 29. 975 29. 967 29. 983 29. 985 29. 978 29. 942 29. 985 29.880 .105 Nov. 1G... 30. 159 30. 151 30.175 30. 170 30. 182 30. 200 30. 212 30. 230 30. 255 30. 276 30. 108 30. 276 29. 980 .29G Nov. 17... 30. 275 30. 272 30. 251 30. 24G 30. 249 30. 200 30. 205 30. 195 30. 172 30. 154 30.274 30. 328 30.154 .174 Nov. 18... 29. 870 29. 849 29. 814 29. 774 29. 754 29. 735 29. 712 29. G78 29. 008 29. 639 29. 904 30.133 29. 639 . 494 Nov. 19... 29. 49S 29. 490 29. 487 29. 480 29. 487 29. 485 29. 473 29.453 29. 432 29. 423 29. 529 29. 631 29.423 .298 Nov. 20... 29. 399 29.410 29. 424 29. 425 29. 427 29. 439 29. 452 29. 470 29. 499 29. 509 29. 410 29. 509 29.365 .144' Nov. 21... 30. 045 30. 091 30. 10S 30. 129 30. 140 30. 170 30. 17G 30.214 30. 247 30. 203 29. 909 30. 263 29.530 ■*m: 30.411 30. 102 30. 38G 30. 387 30. 3GG 30. 334 30. 320 30. 304 30. 314 30. 302 30. 363 30.418 80. 302 -..IKS Nov. 23... 30. 137 30. 120 30. 094 30. 08G 30. 078 30. 067 30. 055 30. 036 29. 995 29. 996 30. 155 30. 301 29. 995 .'. 305; <.240j Nov. 24... 29. 817 29. 800 29. 818 29. S12 29. 77G 29. 765 29.754 29. 752 29. 762 29. 767 29. 852 29. 993 29.752 Nov. 23... 29. 019 29. 023 29. Gil 29.010 29. G20 29. 603 29. 007 29. 614 29. 616 29. 611 29. G52 29.763 29.607 ■41561 >.'ov. 26... 29. 583 29. GOO 29. 581 29. 575 29. 551 29. 551 29. 541 29. 521 29. 510 29. 490 29. 581 29. 619 29.496 .< 12$ Nov. 27... 29. 188 29. 180 29. 179 29. 181 29. 182 29. 186 29. 18G 29. 188 29. 200 29. 209 29.274 29. 468 29.179 .287, Nov. 28... 29. 141 29. 138 29. 135 29. 130 29. 113 29. 110 29. 105 29. 103 29. 105 29. 106 29.160 29. 230 29. 103 ;• 127. Nov. 29... 29. 347 29. 407 29. 435 29. 438 29. 454 29. 460 29. 470 29. 465 29. 4.54 29. 437 29. 264 29. 470 29.091 ,-. 379, Nov. 30... 29. 591 29. 020 29. 656 29. 052 29.71G 29.754 29. 785 29. 835 29. 853 29. 899 29.581 29. 899 29.423 .475 Means . . 29. 875 59. 877 29. S78 29. 877 29. 877 29. 870 29. 874 29. 874 29. 877 29. 876 29.876 30.007 29.755 .252 206 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Tables shoioing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October. 1SS1, to August, 1S83 — Continued. [Tioxometer ahovo sea, 17 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction i'or mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minute?.] Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. in. p. in. T p. m. 8 p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p. m. 11 p. in. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max. Min. Range. 1881. Dec. 1.... 30. 123 30. 159 30. 155 30. 155 30. 138 30. 130 30. 101 30. 120 30. 098 30. 090 30. 0S9 30. 159 29. 929 .230 Dec. 2.... 29. 60G 29. E6G 29. 514 29. 477 29.400 29. 309 29. 349 29. 324 29. 307 29. 270 29. 084 30. 039 29. 276 .763 Deo. 3.... 29. 654 29. 700 29. 706 29. 793 29. 803 29. 842 29. 839 29. 877 29. 900 29. 880 29. 538 29. 900 29. 251 .649 Dec. 4.... 29. 723 29. 729 29. 709 29. 714 29. 710 29. 693 29. 678 29. 678 29. 083 29. 076 29. 706 29. 890 29 070 .214 Dec. 5.... 29. 794 29. 798 29. 81G 29 823 29. 823 29. 849 29. 863 29. 863 29. 877 29. 896 29. 770 29. 890 29. 690 .206 Dec. 0.... 30. 020 30. 020 30. 019 30. 019 30. 001 30. 000 30. 000 29. 995 30. 012 30. 000 29. 9S0 30. 020 29. 902 .124 Dec. 7 30. 063 30. 079 30. 083 30. 089 30. 086 30. 088 30. 098 30. 114 30. 117 30. 124 30. 052 30. 124 29. 999 .125 Dec. 8.... 30. 175 30. 177 30.185 30. 108 30. 163 30. 108 30. 167 30.175 30. 157 30. 160 30.159 30. 185 30. 127 .058 Dec. 9.... 30. 130 30. 135 30. 133 30. 135 30. 132 30. 083 30. 078 30. 091 30. 090 30. 083 30. 136 30. 178 30. 078 .100 Dec. 10.... 30. 064 30.004 30. 058 30. 071 30. 071 30.001 30. 081 30. 0S5 30. 090 30. 099 30. 062 30. 099 30. 042 .057 Dee. 11.... 29. 998 29. 974 29. 948 29. 939 29. 907 29. 878 29. 852 29. 810 29. 819 29. 791 30. 003 30. 117 29. 791 .320 Dec. 12 ... 29. 785 29. 782 29. 762 29. 706 29. 753 29, 751 29. 744 29. 719 29. 711 29. 708 29. 706 29.791 29. 708 .083 Dec. 111.... 29. 809 29. 820 29. 830 29. 847 29. 853 29.804 29. 806 29. 880 29. 883 29. 80S 29. 778 29. 883 29. 6S6 .197 Dec. 14.... 29. 799 29. 7S9 29. 792 29. 787 29. 781 29. 707 29. 705 29. 754 29. 750 29. 751 29. 814 29. 887 29. 751 .136 Dec. 15.... 29. 781 29. 775 29. 783 29. 707 29. 767 29. 708 29. 750 29. 749 29. 744 29. 735 29 764 29. 7S3 29. 735 .048 Dec. 10.... 29. 029 29. 019 29. G22 29.614 29. 610 29. 600 29. 598 29. 591 29. 588 29. 580 29. 644 29. 739 29.586 .153 Dec.17.... 29. 053 29. 005 29. 673 29. 686 29. 708 29.719 29. 739 29. 701 29. 776 29. 800 29. 648 29. S06 29. 582 .224 Dec. 18.... 30. O.iO 30. 046 30. 052 30. 059 30. 060 30. 068 30. 085 30. 089 30.102 30. 120 29. 977 30. 120 29.816 .304 Deo. 19.... 30.073 30. 050 30. 057 30. 057 30. 048 30. 040 30. 024 30. 014 30. 028 30.01G 30. 0S3 30. 139 30.010 .123 Dec. 20.... 30. 037 30. 053 30.003 30. 057 30. 052 30. 050 30. 051 30. 008 30. 082 30. 087 30.018 30. 087 29. 959 .148 Dec. 21.... 30. 068 30. 004 30. 049 30. 023 29.999 29.981 29. 903 29. 952 29. 941 29. 928 30. 052 30. 110 29. 928 .188 Dec. 22 29. 645 29. 638 29. G15 29. 590 29. 577 29. 560 29. 531 29. 508 29. 505 29. 485 29. 679 29. 898 29.485 .413 Dec. 23.... 29. 353 29. 359 29. 35G 29. 359 29. 353 29. 350 29. 301 29. 369 29.377 29. 392 29. 378 29. 475 29. 329 .140 Dec. 24.... 29. 452 29. 457 29. 402 29:451 29. 430 29. 420 29. 435 29.415 29. 403 29. 395 29.435 29. 462 29. 395 .007 Deo. 25 ... 29. 278 29. 264 29. 250 29. 24 1 29. 229 29. 222 29. 219 29. 215 29. 220 29. 218 29. 280 29. 389 29. 215 .174' Dec. 20... . 29. 271 29. 28G 29. 291 29. 301 29. 312 29. 325 29. 332 29. 357 29. 39S 29.415 29.270 29.415 29.20S .207 Dec. 27.... 29. 750 29. 770 29. 799 29. 813 29. 851 29. 877 29. 911 29. 950 29. 993 30. 005 29.691 30. 005 29. 415 . 590 Dec. 28 30. 350 30. 348 30. 348 30.372 30. 360 30. 349 30. 344 30. 347 30. 359 30.340 30.258 30.372 30. 023 .349 Dec. 29.... 30. 145 30.127 30. 107 30. 080 30. 004 30. 019 30. 000 29. 974 29. 966 29. 941 30. 155 30. 324 29. 941 . 383 Dec. 30.... 29.981 29. 993 30. 002 30. 017 30.014 30.015 30. 025 30. 027 30. 031 30. 048 29. 971 30. 048 29. 898 .150 Dec. 31.... 30. 043 30. 027 30. 025 30. 021 30. 015 29. 994 29. 988 29. 975 29. 9S0 29. 905 3d. 027 30. 057 29. 965 .092 Means . . 29.818 20.850 29. 849 29. 849 29. 841 29. 836 29. 834 29.831 29. 839 2D. 835 29. 837 29. 919 29. 723 .226 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 207 Tables showing pressure of air at I'ghiamie from October, 1SS1, to August, 1883 — Continued. [BaToraetei above sea, 17 iVet. 'Washington meau time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 miuutes.J Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. in. 3 a. m. 1 a. in. 5 a. in. ti a. in. 7 a. m. 8 «. m. 9 a. in. 10 a. m. 11 a. in. 12 m. i p. m. 2 p. m. 16S2. Jan. 1 29. 96S 29. 957 29. 953 29. D35 29. 952 29. 920 29. 920 29. 909 2.1. 909 29. 895 29. 023 29. 897 29. 918 29. 887 JaD. 2 29. 900 29. 904 29 907 29. 907 29. 909 29. 912 29.912 29. 892 29. 897 29. 888 29. S57 29. 845 29. 869 29. 875 Jan. ::.... 29.791 29. 792 29. 703 29. 749 29. 701 29. 707 29. 704 20. 751 29. 750 29. 753 29.749 29. 749 29. 747 29. 733 Jan. 4 29. 754 29. 761 29. 759 29. 770 29. 709 29. 708 29. 759 29. 773 29. 704 29. 753 29. 767 29. 754 29. 758 29. 703 Jan. 5 29. 791 29. 792 29. 7S4 29. 785 29. 789 29. 801 29. 810 29. 813 29. 814 29. 818 29. 814 29. 820 29. 832 29. 828 Jan. 6.... 29. 759 29. 755 29. 774 29. 795 29. 822 29. 842 29. 861 23. 851 29.838 29. 834 29. 829 29. 820 29. 825 29.833 Jan. 7 29. 85S 29. 871 29. 873 29. tOl 29. 870 29. 671 29. 888 29. 892 29. 887 29. 893 29. 943 29. 948 29. 949 29. 934 Jan. 8 29. 978 29. 987 29. 993 9. ■ 99 29. 995 30. 007 30. 027 30. 010 30.015 30. 022 30. 020 30. 028 30. 033 30. 032 Jan. 9 30. 0S1 30. 083 30. 085 10 ' 30. 093 30. 093 30. 108 30. 109 30. 100 30.115 30.108 30. 100 30. 112 30.121 Jan. 10.... 30. 1C9 30.167 30. 170 30. 180 30. 184 30. 184 30. 185 30. 171 30. 153 30. 139 30. 138 30. 145 30. 101 30. 145 Jan.31.... 30. 068 30. 003 30. C4G 30. 017 29. 978 29. 950 29. 892 29. 848 29. 801 29. 720 29. GG5 23. 590 29.540 r '9. 479 Jan. 12.... 28.821 28. 770 28. 721 28. 002 28. 597 28 548 28.413 28. 364 28. 334 28. 270 28.266 28. 298 28. 32.3 Jan. 13.... 28. 750 28. 797 28. 837 28. 87 1 28. 918 28. 970 28. 999 29. 040 29. 094 29.131 29. 109 29. 209 29. 240 29. 285 Jan. 14.... 29. 890 29. 930 29. 007 30. 050 30. 102 30. 151 30. ICG .'.." 30. 271 30. 280 30. 326 30. 370 30. 402 30. 421 Jan. 15 30. 475 30. 482 30. 440 30. 430 30. 425 30. 412 30. 390 : 0.374 30. 353 30. 344 30. 316 30. 295 30. 281 30.241 Jan. 1G.... 30. 005 29. 981 29. 905 i 29. 927 29.919 29. 830 29. 880 29. 874 29.830 29. 834 29.822 29.819 29.817 Jan. 17.... 29. 780 29. 787 29. 780 29. 780 29. 708 29. 704 29. 750 29. 731 29. 724 29. 717 29. 717 29. 723 21.713 29. 730 Jan. Id 29. 777 29. 779 29.770 29.777 29. 700 29.747 29. 744 29. 689 29. 052 29. 620 29. G05 29. 602 29. 584 Jan. 10.... 29. 529 2:1. 523 29. 513 29. 515 29. 523 29. 032 29. 524 29. 532 29. 535 29. 542 29.548 29. 555 29. 070 29. 579 Jan. 20.... 29. 775 29.794 29. 809 29. 850 29. 801 29. 8S0 29. 888 29. 905 29. 911 29. 931 29. 951 29. 968 29. 983 30. 003 Jan. 21.... 30. 171 30. 171 30. 171 30.107 30. 130 30. 130 30. 033 30. 059 30. 029 29. 984 29. 938 20. 891 29. 849 29. 803 Jan. 22 29. 382 29. 314 29. 302 29. 264 29. 232 29.191 29. 136 29. 080 29. 074 .29.031 29. 034 23. 997 29. 034 28. 980 Jan. 23 29.717 29.718 29. 5 23 29.748 29. 709 29. 790 29. 800 29. 823 29. 813 23. 809 29. 910 29. 93G 29. 905 29. 975 Jan. 24 30. 115 30. 156 30. 177 30. 224 30. 251 30. 273 30. 280 30. 301 30. 312 30.321 30. 352 30. 351 30. 351 30. 305 Jan. 25 30. 332 30. 307 30. 295 30.268 30. 253 30. 197 30. 150 30. 1C0 30. 003 30. 007 29. 90S 2D. 90S 29. 869 29. 830 Jan. 26.... 29. 030 29. 033 29. 028 29. 633 29. 641 29. G50 29. 050 29. 0G6 29. 681 29. G97 29.719 29. 724 29. 741 29.741 •Jan. 27 29. 730 29. 728 29. 734 29. 744 29. 750 29. 757 29. 754 29. 753 29. 753 29. 759 29. 774 29. 783 29. 799 29. 809 Jan. 28.... 29. 9SG 29. 9S4 29. 9S9 29. 990 30. 000 30. 017 30. 009 30. 009 30. 004 30. 004 29. 983 29. 989 29. 983 29. 977 Jan. 'JO.... 29. 993 29. 084 29. 978 29.970 29. 985 29. 995 29. 985 29. 972 29. 980 29. 980 29. 981 . 29.981 29 998 30.001 Jan. 30.... 30. 113 30. 125 30. 134 30. 133 30. 149 30.101 30. 101 30. 158 30. 158 30. 159 30. 155 30. 144 30.131 30. 123 Jan. 31.... 29. 873 29. 837 29. 797 29. 750 29.722 29. 093 29. G2S 29.50G 29. 539 29. 501 29. 472 29. 438 29. 408 29. 304 Means. . 29.838 29. S37 29. 835 29. 835 29. 835 29. 835 29. 828 29. 817 29. 812 29. 804 29. 802 29. 795 29.800 29.793 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. 7 p. m. 8 p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max. Min. Hange. 18S2. Jan. 1.... 29. 900 29. 8R2 29. 900 29. 905 29. 899 29. 894 29. 839 29. 904 29. 911 29. 915 29. 915 29. 90S 29. 882 .086 Jan. 2.... 29. 809 29. 854 29. 857 29. 859 29. 8 iS 29. 830 29. 819 29. 823 29. 809 29.817 29. 809 29. 912 29. 809 .103 Jan. 3.... 29. 726 29. 734 29. 745 29. 755 29. 744 29. 740 29. 743 29. 743 29. 751 29. 753 29. 752 29. 797 29. 726 .071 Jan. 4 29. 775 29. 770 29. 780 29. 788 29. 774 29. 779 29. 730 29. 803 29. 799 29.799 29. 770 29. 803 29. 753 .050 Jan. 5 29. 844 29. 854 29. 854 29. 840 29. 845 23. 843 29. 841 29. 840 29. 851 29. 859 29. S24 29. 839 29. 784 .075 Jan. 0... 29. 850 29. 853 29. 854 29. 851 29. 850 29. 850 29. 850 29. 847 29. 856 29. 863 29. 831 29. S63 29. 755 .303 Jan. 7.... 29. 933 29. 924 29. 935 29. 936 29. 934 29. 940 29. 949 29. 942 29. 958 29. 970 29.915 29. 970 29. 853 .112 JaD. 8.... 30. 057 30. 003 30.071 30. 069 30. 0G4 30. 003 30. 063 39. 074 30. 009 30. 072 30. 034 30. 072 29. 978 .094 Jan. 9.... 30. 125 30. 140 30. 142 30.143 30. 145 30. 139 30. 147 30. 165 30. 158 30. 162 30.119 30. 102 30. 081 .081 Jan. 10.... 30.143 30. 131 30. 133 30.128 30. 120 30. 113 30.100 30. 095 30. 082 30. 075 30. 142 30. 185 30. 075 .110 Jan 1U... 29.431 29. 374 29. 332 29. 202 29. 205 29.151 29. 084 29. 013 23. 959 28. 905 29. 558 30. 008 28. 905 .103 Jan) 12 28. 353 28. 393 23.447 28.485 28. 517 28. 536 28 590 28. C42 28. 090 28. 716 25.51! 28. 821 28.266 .555 Jan. M ... 29. 348 29. 399 29. 441 29. 501 29. 551 29. 610 29 600 29. 72G 29. 792 23. 837 29. 258 29. 837 2S. 750 .081 Jan. 14... 30. 402 30. 4S5 30. 488 30. 489 30. 518 30.510 30. 533 30.519 30.543 30.510 30.325 30.543 29. 800 . 053 Jan. 15 30. 222 30. 212 30. 182 30. 145 30. 140 30. Ill 30. 100 30. 100 30. 055 30. 027 20. 274 30. 482 30. 027 . 455 Jan. 16 29. 828 29. 824 29. 818 29. 827 29. 816 29. 837 29. 828 29. 839 29. 797 29. 802 29. 804 30. 005 29. 797 .£08 Jan. 17.... 29.750 29. 751 29. 750 29. 752 29. 762 29 765 29. 770 29. 708 29. 773 29. 77G 29. 754 29. 787 29.713 .074 Jan. 18 29. 599 23. 5S4 29. 570 29. 560 29. 558 29. 535 29. 540 29. 522 29 522 29.519 29. 039 29. 779 29.519 .260 Jan. 19.... 29. 627 29. 035 29. 040 29. 663 29. 680 29. G88 29.712 29. 720 29.746 29 753 29. 000 29. 750 29.513 .243 Jan. 20.... 30. 027 30. 040 30. 000 30. 071 30. 108 30. 117 30. 134 30. 141 30. 171 30.161 29. 981 30. 171 29. 775 .390 Jan. 21 29. 780 29.754 29. 742 29. 732 29. G95 29. 646 29. 014 29. 536 29. 487 29.427 29. 875 30.171 29. 427 .744 Jan. 22.... 23. 084 29. 1S4 29. 313 29. 412 29. 477 29. 560 29. 004 29. 649 29. 070 29. 099 29. 281 29. 090 28. 980 .704 Jan. 23 29. 995 30.016 30. 020 30. 027 30. 028 30. 030 30. 042 30. 063 30. 0S5 29. 913 30. 085 29.717 . 308 Jan. 24.... 30. 370 30. 381 .30. 38G 30. 395 30. 392 30. 389 30. 374 30. 307 30. 300 30.344 30. 317 30. 3! '5 30. 115 . 280 Jan. 25.... 29. 810 29. 792 29. 751 29. 733 29. 703 29. 681 29. 0G7 29. 056 29.041 29. 027 29. 942 30. 332 29. 027 . 705 Jan 26.... 29. 750 29. 759 29. 752 29. 749 29. 751 29. 750 29. 750 29. 739 29. 741 29. 734 29. 705 29.759 29. 630 .129 Jan. 27.... 29.855 29.870 29. 888 29. 80S 29. 914 29. 929 29. 951 29. 945 29. 969 29. 979 29. 820 29. 979 29. 728 .251 ran. 28.... 29. 994 30. 005 29. 994 29. 984 29. 984 29. 980 29. 979 29. 9S9 29. 998 29. 990 29. 993 30. 017 29. 977 . 040 Jan. 29.... 30. 023 30. 020 30.047 30. 040 30. 053 30. 001 30. 073 30. 079 30. 104 30. 113 30.017 30.113 29. 972 .141 Jan. 30 30. 00G 30. 110 30. 099 30. 071 30. 048 30. 023 30. 004 29. 980 29. 355 29. 923 30. 098 30. 161 29. 923 .238 ■ lau. 31.... 29. 367 29. 371 29. 301 29. 322 29. 338 29. 337 29. 351 29. 347 29. 350 29. 374 29. 505 29. 873 29. 332 .541 Means.. 29. 807 29.812 29. 81 S 29. 820 29. 821 29. 821 29. 824 29. 825 29. 827 29. 82G 29. 820 29. 981 29. 655 .320 208 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Tables showing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 18S3— Continued. [Barometer above sea, 17 1'ect. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, —5 hours 17 minntcs.J Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. 6 a. m. 7 a. m. 8 a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a.m. 11 a. m. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 n. m. 1882. Feb. 1-... 29. 379 29. 389 29. 397 29. 410 29. 428 29. 433 29. 452 29. 450 29. 450 29. 458 29. 408 29. 465 29. 475 if. 470 Feb. 2.... 20.432 29. 417 29. 414 29. 407 29. 418 29. 418 29.411 29. 393 29. 383 29. 370 29. 355 29. 340 29. 330 29. 327 Feb. 'A.... 29. 313 29. 309 29. 310 29. 310 29. 316 29. 328 29. 323 29. 325 29. 325 29. 332 29. 335 29. 344 29. 345 ''9. 355 Fob. 4.... 29. 413 29. 415 29. 427 29. 442 29. 452 29. 470 29. 470 29. 479 29. 501 20. 532 29. 532 29. 549 29. 574 29. eoo Feb. 5.... 29.836 29.834 29. 837 29.829 29. 820 29. 811 29. 793 29. 794 29. 769 29. 751 29. 714 29. 704 29. 689 29. 607 Feb. 6.... 29. 522 29. 520 29. 520 29. 510 29. 531 20.530 29. 523 29. 515 29. 515 29. 510 29. 501 29. 500 29. 501 29. 514 Feb. 7.... 29. 577 29. 582 29. 574 29. 569 29. 576 20. 589 29. 589 29. 584 29. 587 29. 593 29. 576 29. 571 29. 583 29. 584 Feb. %.... 29. C50 29. C41 29. 641 29. 622 29. 636 29. 632 29. 621 29. 624 29. 631 29. 635 29. 635 29. 035 29. 051 29.654 Feb. 9.... 29. 641 29. 635 29. 620 29. 624 29. 625 29. 629 29. 619 29. 614 29. 617 29. 022 29. 617 29. C21 29,630 -9.041 Feb. 10.... 29. 656 29 631 29 024 29. 602 29. 58S 29. 577 29. 563 29. 554 29. 548 29. 544 29. 542 29. 528 29. 540 29. 554 Feb. 11.-.. 29. 819 29. 833 29. 849 29. 869 29. 880 29. 904 29. 915 29. 925 29. 927 29. 949 29. 950 29. 953 29. 981 29. 992 Feb. 12.... 30. 0S3 30. 071 30. 076 30. 073 30. 074 30. 065 30. 049 30. 040 30. 029 30. 016 29. 993 29. 969 29. 9G9 29. 948 Feb. 13.... 29. 830 29. 820 29. 814 29. 807 29. 807 29. 803 29. 796 29. 796 29. 804 29.812 29. 812 29.821 29. 833 29. 829 Feb. 14.... 29. 962 29. 976 29. 991 30. 010 30. 051 30.080 30. 084 30. 100 30. 119 30. 125 30. 121 30.130 30. 132 30. 149 Feb. 15.... 30. 237 30. 236 30. 249 30. 250 30. 237 30. 219 30.194 30. 179 30. 142 30. 099 30. 078 30. 084 30. 0C4 30. 048 Feb. 16.... 29. 973 29. 990 29. 956 29. 928 29. 914 29. 875 29. 839 29. 777 29. 739 29. C85 29. 624 29. 614 29. 589 29. 539 Feb. 17.... 29.476 29. 477 29. 459 29. 470 29. 490 29. 485 29. 512 29. 538 29. 577 29. 013 29. 620 29. 050 29. 673 29. 690 Feb. 18.... 29. 482 29. 450 29. 420 29. 370 29. 361 29. 324 29. 300 29. 266 29. 224 29. 209 29. 171 29. 153 29. 145 29. 142 Feb. 19.... 29. 269 29. 271 29. 298 29. 311 29. 350 29. 358 29. 385 29. 402 29. 426 29. 442 29. 464 29. 479 29. 513 29. 522 Feb. 20.... 29. 658 29. 060 29. CG4 29. 076 29. 703 29. 712 29. 717 29. 725 29. 727 29. 741 29. 741 29. 730 29. 75S 29. 759 Feb. 21.... 29. 885 29. 894 29. 902 29. 915 29. 921 29. 941 29. 946 29. 905 29. 982 29. 984 29. 989 29.994 29. 991 29. 998 Feb. 22.... 30. 113 30. 107 30. 101 30. 101 30. 108 30.119 30. 12G 30. 126 30. 134 30. 142 30. 149 30.155 30. 158 30. 161 30.254 30. 203 30. 203 30. 257 30. 257 30. 202 30. 268 30.269 30. 259 30. 250 30. 232 30.211 30. 199 30. 175 Feb. 24.... 30. 053 30. 04G 30. 034 30. 030 30. 021 30. 013 30. 003 30. 004 29. 987 29. 988 29. 988 2! 1.979 29. 963 29. 903 Feb. 25.... 29. 935 29. 933 29. 932 29. 923 29. 926 29. 919 29. 901 29. 887 29. 878 29. S56 29. 820 29. 802 29. 785 29. 772 Feb. 26.... 29. 677 29. 668 29. 670 29. 665 29. 665 29. G07 29. 662 29. 662 29. 654 29. 637 29. 621 29. 608 29. 581 29. 549 Feb. 27.... 29. 348 29. 333 29. 339 29. 333 29. 330 29. 324 29. 332 29. 353 29. 387 29. 429 29. 451 29. 494 -9. 529 29, 562 Feb. 28.... 29. 604 29. 591 29. 551 29. 513 29. 489 29. 431 29. 389 29. 337 29. 2S9 29. 237 29. 168 29. 109 29. 032 29. 051 Mean s.- 29. 712 29. 714 29.712 29. 708 29. 714 29. 712 29. 706 29. 703 29. 701 29. 699 29. CS8 29.0S(i 29.6'>G 29. 687 Date. 3 p. m. -1 p. m. 5 p. m. - (i p. ni. 7 p. m. Sp. m. 9 p. m. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max. 11 in. Range. 1882. Feb. 1.... 29. 443 29. 470 29. 470 29. 483 29. 476 29. 478 29. 476 29. 407 29. 437 29. 439 29. 449 29.483 29. 379 .104 Feb. 2.... 29. 332 29. 346 29. 350 29. 353 29. 354 29. 345 29. 341 29. 332 29.316 29. 310 29. 307 29. 432 29. 316 .130 Feb. 3.... 29. 358 29. 367 29. 374 29. 390 29. 394 29. 395 29. 402 29. 403 29. 412 29. 402 29. 353 29. 412 29. 309 . 103 Feb. 4.... 29. 630 29. 616 29. 091 29. 721 24. 748 29. 760 29. 788 29. 806 29. 812 29. 831 29. 590 29. 831 29.413 . 418 Feb. 5.... 29. G42 29. 027 29. 014 29. 602 29. 587 29. 579 29. 570 29. 563 29. 535 29. 537 29. 096 29. 837 29. 535 .302 Feb. 6.... 29. 526 29. 538 29. 555 29. 562 29. 568 29. 572 29. 575 29. 580 29. 569 29. 507 29. 535 29. 580 29. 500 .080 Feb. 7.... 29. 593 29. 594 29. 606 29. 612 29. 621 29. 628 29. 683 29. 647 29. 028 29. 654 29. 598 29. 054 29. 569 .085 Feb. 8.... 29. 657 29. 669 29. 701 29. 704 29. 693 29. 689 29. G85 29. 670 29. 656 29. 641 29. 653 29. 704 29. 021 .083 Feb. 9..-. 29. 656 29. 071 29. 090 29. 099 29. 712 29. 713 29. 694 29. 704 29. 681 29. 670 29. 652 29. 713 29. 614 .099 Feb. 10.... 29. 591 29. 617 29. 659 29. 687 29. 707 29. 728 29. 750 29. 702 29. 706 29. 781 29 029 29. 781 20.52? .253 Feb. 11.... 30. 001 30. 003 30. 030 30. 043 30. 063 30. 061 30. 068 30. 083 30. 073 30. 073 29. 969 30. 083 29. 819 .264 Feb. 12.... 29. 946 29. 909 29. 935 29. 929 29. 923 29. 898 29. S95 29. 884 29. 852 29. 853 29. 97S 30. 083 29. S52 .231 Feb. 13.... 29. 851 29. 845 29. 86S 29. 884 29. 904 29. 924 29. 939 29. 940 29. 930 29. 957 29. 851 29. 957 29. 790 .161 Feb. 14.... 30. 166 30. 156 30. 190 30. 218 30. 219 30. 227 30. 224 30. 233 30. 221 30. 211 30. 131 30. 241 29. 362 .279 Feb. 15.... 30. 041 30. 067 30. 015 30. 071 30. 066 30. 009 30. 070 30. 008 30. 031 30. 029 30. 119 30. 250 DO. 009 .241 Feb. 16... . 29. 514 29. 520 29. 523 29. 533 29. 534 29. 534 29. 527 29.512 29. 507 29. 490 29. 677 29. 990 29. 490 .494 Feb. 17.... 29. 684 29. 659 29. 662 29. 666 29. 661 29. 637 29. GOO 29. 573 29. 537 29. 517 29. 581 29. 090 29. 459 .231 Feb. 18.... 29. 146 29.349 29. 1G1 29. 165 29. 181 29. 193 29. 196 29. 211 29. 224 29. 244 29. 246 29.482 29. 142 .340 Feb. 19.... 29. 538 29. 542 29. £65 29. 582 29. 592 29. 594 29. 602 29. 627 29. 035 29. 041 29. 475 29. 641 29. 203 .372 Feb. 20.... 29. 757 29. 779 29. 793 29. 800 29. 817 29. 821 29. 841 29. S60 29. 854 29. 869 29. 757 29. S09 29. 058 .211 Feb. 21.... 30. 021 30. 059 30.064 30. 066 30. 009 30. 070 30. 009 30. 081 30. 098 30. 094 30. 000 30. 098 29. 885 . 213 Feb. 22.... 30. 175 30. 189 30. 187 30. 183 30.191 30. 202 30. 230 30. 248 30. 255 30. 257 30. 163 30. 257 30. 101 .150 Feb. 23.... 30. 175 30.104 30. 160 30. 147 30. 144 30. 128 30. 109 30. 107 30. 082 30. 067 30.19« 30.209 30. 067 .202 Feb. 24.... 29. 959 29. 959 29. 956 29. 956 29. 971 29. 971 29. 959 29. 956 29. 956 29. 903 29. 9S7 o». 053 29. 956 .097 Feb. 25.... 29. 702 29. 738 29. 731 29. 733 29. 734 29. 732 29. 720 29. 710 29. 383 29. 682 2n. m 29. 935 29. D82 .253 Feb. 26.... 29. 538 29. 508 29.502 29.480 29. 455 29. 429 29.408 29. 392 29. 360 29. 34S 29. 559 29. 677 20. 348 .329 Feb. 27.... 29. 595 29. 6S0 29.640 29. 662 29. 674 25. 686 29. 679 29. 679 29. 002 29. 651 29. 504 29. 680 29. 324 .3CJ Feb. 28.... 29. 033 28.999 28.997 28. 999 29. 007 29. 014 29. 032 29. 041 29. 047 29. 051 29.209 29. 004 28.997 .607 Means . . 29. 090 29.693 29. 703 29. 712 29. 717 29. 717 29. 718 29.719 29. 708 29. 710 29. 705 29. 832 29. 593 .239 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW. ALASKA. 209 Talks slio wing pressure of air at Uglaamiefrom October, 1881, to August^lS&S — Continued. ! Barometer aboi c sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 Lours 17 minutes.] Bate. 1 a. m. 2 a. a. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. a. m. 7 a. m. S a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a.m. 11 a. m. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p. m. 1882. Mar. 1... 29.072 29. 091 29. Ill 29. 137 29. 15G 29. 182 29. 220 29. 22G 29. 257 29. 285 29. 299 29. 316 29. 331 29. 357 Mar. 2 ... 29. 394 29. 410 29.414 29. 4G1 29. 505 29. 544 29. 574 29. GOO 29. 028 29. G53 29. G55 29. GG7 29. 084 29. 707 Mar. 3 . . . 29. 762 29. 74G 29. 735 20. 729 29. 731 29.721 29. 716 29. 711 29. 709 29. 725 29. 721 29. 723 29. 744 29. 751 Mar. 4... 29. 951 29. 9S0 29. 973 29. 983 29. 981 29. 991 29. 999 30. 002 30. 007 30. 001 20. 993 29. 990 29. 990 29. 999 Mar. 5 . .. 29. 902 29. 900 29. 886 29. S87 29. 901 29. 881 29. 877 29. 807 29. 865 29. 846 29. 841 29. 851 29. 840 29. 841 Mar. 0... 29. 945 29. 950 29. 962 29. 9G8 29. 9S3 29. 999 30. 005 30. 006 30. 011 30. 011 30. 005 29. 988 29. 988 29. 987 Mar. 7 ... 29. 992 30. 005 30. 013 30. 030 30. 045 30. 054 30. 007 30. 088 30. 088 30. 09G 30. 09G 30. 071 30. 070 30. 0GG Mar. 8... 29. 980 29. 9G3 29. 954 29. 934 29. 919 29. S01 29. 878 29. 851 29. 834 29. 813 29. 780 29. 77G 29.751 29.710 Mar. 9 . . . 29. 777 29. 785 29. 707 29. 775 29. 785 29. 785 29. 759 29. 743 29. 734 29. 724 29. 702 29. GS9 29. 693 29. 721 Mar. 10 . .. 29. 770 29. 782 29. 773 29. 773 29. 782 29.784 29. 777 29. 780 29. 7SG 29. 7S9 29.781 29. 770 29. 770 24. 779 Mar. 11... 29. 7SG 29. S00 29. 827 29. 852 29. 875 29. 90S 29. 925 29. 943 29. 967 29. 992 30. 026 30. 051 30. 084 30.113 Mar. 12 . . . 30. 320 30. 320 30. 328 30. 321 30. 323 30. 314 30. 285 30. 255 30.215 30. 189 30. 143 30. 121 30. 08G 30. 055 Mar. 13 ... 30. 201 30. 28G 30. 351 30. 411 30. 459 30. 508 30. 542 30. 583 30. 597 30. 601 30. 5S9 30. 574 30. 563 30. 536 Mar. 14... 30.188 30. 107 30. 1G0 30. 148 30.155 30. 151 30. 141 30. 131 30.122 30.113 30. 097 30. 079 30. 071 30. 051 Mar. 15... 30. 346 30. 3S0 30. 415 30. 45G 30. 50G 30. 534 20. 552 30. 586 30. 618 30. 017 30. 643 30. 649 30. 073 30. GSO Mar. 10... 30. OSS 30 090 30. 683 30,G80 30. 680 30. 664 30. 0G0 30. 642 30. 631 30. 632 30. 033 30. GIG 30. 009 30. 590 Mar. 17... 30. 517 30. 510 30. 4?9 30. 472 30. 496 30. 502 30. 479 30. 403 30. 403 30. 447 30. 453 30.413 30.424 30. 398 Mar. 18... SO. 2S6 30. 257 30. 243 30. 229 30. 208 30. 187 30.152 30. 135 30. 117 30. 092 30. 068 30. 05G 30. 029 30. 01'J Mar. 19 . . . 29. 998 30. 027 30. 032 30. 055 30. 0S7 30.112 30. 135 30. 162 30. 184 30. 224 30. 242 30. 207 " 30.281 30. 293 Mar. 20 . . . 30. 3M. 30. 3GG 30. 373 30. 408 30. 424 30. 438 30.470 30. 489 30. 513 30. 525 30. 525 30. 529 30. 542 30. 542 Mar. 21 . . . 30. 470 30. 451 30. 445 30. 43S 30. 435 30. 143 30.431 30. 42G 30. 406 30. 386 30. 374 30. 373 30. 304 30. 3GS 30. 032 30. 017 29. 997 29. 900 29. 934 29. 914 29. 879 29. 807 29. 853 29. 842 29. S32 29. 811 29. 79G 29. 783 Mar. 23... 29. 734 29. 728 29.709 29. G92 29. C82 29. 062 29. G48 29. 045 29. 036 29. 627 29. 025 29. 017 29. G07 29. 599 Mar. 24... 29. 710 29.715 29. 742 29. 740 29. 752 29. 785 29. 803 29. SIS 29. 823 29. 827 29. 834 29. 839 29. 84G 29. 853 Mar. 23 . . . 29. 950 29. 9G0 29. 966 29. 974 29. 992 29. 997 29. 993 29. 997 30. 005 30. 012 30. 009 30. 008 30. 031 30. 034 Mar.SG... 30. 053 30. 010 30. 030 30. 032 30. 039 30. 037 30. 027 30.015 29. 994 29. 988 29. 988 29. 994 29. 994 30. 001 Mar. 27... 29. 943 29. 973 29. 988 30. 002 30. 034 30. 045 30. 053 30. 0G3 30. 085 30. 101 30. 115 30. 133 30. 149 30. 105 Mar. 28... 30. 319 30. 335 30.358. 30. 361 30. 380 30. 381 30. 372 30. 384 30. 386 30. 380 30. 309 30. 35G 30. 340 30. 335 Mar. 29 . . . 30.139 30. 120 30. 115 30. 108 30. 089 30. 082 30. 069 30. 057 30. 029 30. 014 29. 979 29. 957 29. 935 29.925 Mar. 30 . . . 29. 877 29. 911 29. 924 29. 941 29. 907 30. 000 30. 014 30. 032 39. 0G2 30. 075 30. 089 30. 089 30. 121 30. 14G Mar. 31 . . . 30. 300 30. 317 30. 323 30. 320 30. 323 30. 324 30. 317 30. 312 30. 313 30. 290 30. 285 30. 277 30. 270 SO. 202 : Means . . 30.026 30. 032 30. 035 30. 041 30. 053 30. 059 30. 059 30. 001 30. 063 30. 002 30. 058 30. 053 30. 051 30. 055 Date. 3 p. ru. 4 p. in. 5 p. m. (J j>- m. 7 p. m. 8 p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. 12 p. m. Daily mean's. Max. Min. Hangc. 1882. Mar. 1... 29. 373 29. 375 29. 402 29. 402 29. 399 29. 409 29. 402 29. 400 29. 383 29. 393 29.291 29. 409 29.072 .337 Mar. 2... 29. 737 29. 744 29. 756 29. 709 29.771 29. 777 29. 786 29. 793 29. 788 29. 767 29. 649 29. 793 29. 394 .399 Mar. 3 . . . 29. 788 29. 795 29. 821 29. 842 29. S62 29. 885 29. 903 29. 921 29. 914 29. 937 29. 787 29. 937 29. 709 .228 Mar. i ... 29. 997 29. 9S8 29. 980 29. 97G 29. 973 29. 969 29. 954 29. 940 29. 912 29. 923 29. 977 30. 007 29. 912 .095 Mar. 5... 29. 85G 29. 835 29. 857 29. 859 29. 8G8 29. 892 29. 905 29. 914 29. 915 29. 905 29. 876 29. 915 29. 840 .075 Mar. 6... 29. 983 29. 956 29. 901 29. 971 29. 079 29. 979 29. 979 29. 985 29. 967 29. 971 20. 981 30. 00G 29. 945 .001 Mar. 7 ... •30. 068 30. 000 30. 080 30. 074 30. 061 30. 055 30. 046 30. 039 30. 010 29. 995 30. 053 30. 09G 29. 992 .104 Mar. 8... 29. 749 29. 754 29. 764 29. 703 29. 773 29. 776 29. 776 29. 781 29. 796 29. 801 29. 820 29. 9S0 29. 740 .234 Mar. 9... 29. 744 29. 762 29. 804 29.810 29.812 29. 832 29. 826 29. 810 29. 796 29. 779 29. 7G8 29. 832 29. G89 .143 Mar. 10... 29. 795 29. 791 29. 796 29. 795 29. 793 29. 793 29. 793 29. 792 29. 790 29. 787 29. 785 29. 790 29. 770 . 026 Mar. 11... 30. 138 30. 175 30. 200 30. 235 30. 259 30. 276 30. 2S5 30. 302 30. 307 30. 325 30. 069 30. 325 29. 78G .539 Mar. 12... 30. 030 30. 005 29. 969 29. 922 29. 904 29. 877 29. 89G 29. 954 30. 054 30.131 30. 126 30. 32S 29. 877 .151 Mar. 13 . . . 30. 516 30. 474 30. 422 30. 371 30. 303 30. 283 30. 248 30. 227 30. 189 30. 175 30. 417 30. 001 30. 175 .42G Mar. 14 ... 30. 067 30. 059 30. 070 30. 091 30. 100 30.138 30. 177 30. 216 30. 251 30. 30G 30.130 30. 306 30. 051 . 255 Mar. 15 . . . 30. 696 30. 704 30.715 30. 718 30. 723 30. 71G 30. 713 30. 703 30. 701 30. G97 30. G14 30. 723 30. 346 . 377 Mar. 16 . . . 30. 587 30. 582 30. 580 30. 573 30. 570 30. 553 30. 541 30. 538 30. 524 30. 519 30. G12 30. 090 30. 519 .171 Mar. 17 ... 30. 388 30. 387 30. 405 30. 407 30. 403 30. 383 30. 349 30. 337 30.310 30. 208 30.425 30. 517 30. 298 .219 Mar. 18 . . . 30. 009 29. 993 29. 999 29. 987 29. 978 29. 978 29. 981 29. 98G 29. 991 30. 000 30. 082 30. 286 29. 978 .308 Mar. 19 . . . 30. 309 30. 313 30. 332 30. 340 30. 343 30. 347 30. 34G 30.343 30. 332 30. 339 30. 227 30. 347 29. 998 .349 Mar. 20 . . . 30.543 30. 530 30. 535 30. 534 30. 534 30. 531 30. 522 30. 504 30.482 30. 4C9 30.4S7 30.543 30. 351 .192 Mar. 21... 30. 358 30. 345 30. 335 30. 31G 30. 307 30. 278 30. 244 30. 203 30. 127 30. 102 30. 351 30. 470 . 30. 102 .368 Mar. 22... 29. 779 29. 773 . 29.766 29. 764 29. 759 29. 757 29. 756 29. 751 29. 749 29. 734 29. 839 30. 052 29. 734 .318 Mar. 23... 29. 584 29. 594 29. 009 29. 609 29. 014 29. C30 29. G45 29. 665 29. GSO 29. 697 29. 047 29. 734 29. 5S4 .150 Mar.24... 29. 868 29. 871 29. 87G 29. 882 29. 883 29. 899 29. S09 29. 937 29. 932 29. 956 29. 838 29. 95G 29. 710 .246 Mar. 25 . . . 30. 045 30. 057 30. CG4 30. 007 30. 003 30. 061 30. 001 30. 002 30. 050 30. 050 30. 022 30. 067 29. 950 .117 Mar. 20 . . . 29. 983 29. 981 29. 977 29. 972 29. 971 29. 969 29. 972 29. 977 29. 958 29. 959 29. 997 30. 053 29. 959 .094 Mar. 27 . . . 30. 189 30. 207 30. 228 30. 258 30. 200 30. 268 30. 282 30. 294 30. 293 30. 323 30. 144 30. 323 29. 942 .351 •Mar. 28... 30. 325 30. 312 30. 309 30. 293 30. 270 30. 219 30. 229 30.213 30.171 30. 145 30.310 30. 38G 30. 145 .241 Mar. 29 . . . 29. 925 29. 913 29. 905 29. 902 29. 905 29. 899 29. 901 29. 891 29. 807 29. 865 29. 983 30.139 29. 805 .274 Mar. 30... 30.170 30. 201 30. 22G 30.248 30. 205 30. 275 30. 280 30. 295 30. 293 30. 295 30. 117 30. 205 29. 877 .418 Mar. 31... 30. 2G1 30. 257 30. 205 30. 2G1 30. 252 30.244 30. 235 30. 229 30. 225 30. 234 30. 280 30. 325 30. 225 .100 Means.. 30. OS0 30. 059 30. 005 30.097 30. 0G3 30. 004 30. 0G3 30.097 30. 057 30. 001 30. 050 30. 103 2 J. 921 . 243 H. Ex. 44 27 210 EXPEDITION TO TOINT BARROW, ALASKA. Tables shotting pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 18S1, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Barometer above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 lioura 17 minutes.] Hate. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a.m. 5 a.m. a. m. 1 a. m. S a. m. 9 a.m. 10 a.m. 11 a. m. 12 m. 1 p. in. 2 p. m. 1882. Apr. 1.... 30. 235 30.240 30. 232 30. 229 30. 234 30. 237 30. 227 30. 224 30. 209 30. 197 30. 190 30. 174 30.177 30. 184 Apr. 2.... 30. 020 29. 990 30. 004 29. 977 29. 977 29. 867 29. 955 29. 935 29.913 29. 90G 29. 898 29. 879 29. 877 29. 872 Apr. :s 20. 831 29. 820 29. 823 29. 821 29. 834 29. S34 29. 827 29. S20 29. 829 29. 82G 29. 815 29. 818 29. 808 29. 808 Apr. 4 29. 807 29. S04 29. 815 29.819 29. 829 29. 832 29. 828 29. 829 ■ 29.830 29. 833 29. 833 29. 833 29. 8:::; 29. 840 Apr. 5 20. 870 29. S70 29. 879 29. 895 29. 917 29. 919 29. 931 29. 930 29. 944 29. 948 29. 955 29. 967 29. 984 29. 991 Apr. fi — 20. SOS 30.C21 30. 020 30.010 30. 028 30. 028 30. 019 30. OOG ' 30.001 29. 997 29. 980 29. 962 29. 962 29. 959 Apr. 7.... 20. 774 20. 764 29. 754 29. 735 29. 725 29. 701 29. 681 29. 071 29. 003 29. 031 29. 011 29. 589 29. 571 29.661 Apr. 8.... 29. 458 29.453 29. 457 29. 444 29. 445 29.441 29. 439 29. 442 29. 439 29. 437 29. 420 29.406 29.419 29 422 Apr. 9 20.430 29. 431 20.43!) 29. 440 29. 458 29.407 29. 470 29.492 29.490 29.483 29. 482 29. 490 29.494 29. 494 Apr. 11).... 29.013 29. 020 29.045 29. G57 29. 0S7 29. 702 29.71G 29. 729 29. 743 29. 771 29. 793 29. 809 29. 829 29. 858 Apr. 11.... 30. 073 30. 091 30.325 30.139 30. 103 30. 175 30. 180 30. 104 30. 220 30. 222 30. 230 30. 231 30. 232 30. 205 Apr. 12.... 30. 189 30. 185 30. 178 30.170 30.179 30. 108 30. 150 30. 142 30. 139 30. 131 30. 117 30.110 30. C92 30. 0S4 Apr. 13 29.921 29. 900 29. 901 29. 895 29. 892 29. 882 29. 861 29. 843 29. 823 29. 811 29. 810 29. SU 29. 817 29. 839 29. 947 29. 954 29. 302 29. 907 29. 990 29. 991 29. 988 29. 997 29. 994 30. 000 30. 000 30. 005 29. 989 30. 000 Apr. 15 29. 972 29. 983 29. 971 29. 907 29. 954 29. 947 29. 928 29. 931 29. 913 29. 900 29. 901 29. 883 29. 881 29. 870 Apr. 10.... 29. 805 29. S1G 29. 815 29. 802 29. 808 29. 803 29. 801 29. 788 29. 791 29. 783 29. 774 29. 709 29. 773 29. 765 Apr. 17.... 29. 801 20. 804 29. 831 29. 833 29. 841 29. 851 29. 859 29. see 29. 877 29. 899 29. 915 29.919 29. 92S 29. 945 Apr. 18.... 30.011 30. 020 30. 038 30. 043 30. 050 30. 057 30. 041 30. 027 30. 033 30. 025 30. 029 30. 008 29. 99G 29. 994 Apr. If).... 29. 901 29. 905 29. 897 29. 902 29. 907 29. 912 29. 900 29. 893 29. 888 29. 88G 29. 877 29. 8G7 29. 8G0 29. 853 Apr. 20.... 29. 799 20. 795 29. 803 29.800 29. 800 29. 798 29. 7S9 29. 787 29. 784 29. 771 29. 7GG 29. 759 29. 755 29. 753 Apr. 21.... 29. 722 29. 722 29. 738 29. 730 29. 741 29. 738 29. 737 29. 735 29. 732 29. 734 29. 724 29. 714 29. 715 29.711 Apr. 22.... 29. 047 23. G51 29. 001 29. 050 29. 070 29. 081 29. G78 29. G79 29. 082 29. 088 29. 704 29.7)4 29. 71G 29. 720 Apr. 23.... 30. 003 30. 020 30. 000 30. 0S1 30. 100 30. 127 30.134 30. 145 30. 157 30. 155 30.156 30.157 30. 15G 30. 145 Apr. 24.... 29. 909 20. 965 29. 953 29. 950 29. BG5 29. 958 29. 944 29. 921 29. 893 29. 879 29. 87G 29. 850 29. 844 29.840 Apr. 25 29. 88G 29. 903 29. 924 29. 932 29. 948 29. 959 29. 971 29. 976 29. 993 29. 999 30. 011 30. 015 30. 022 30. 032 Apr. 20.... 30. 003 30. 005 30. 083 30. 085 30. 095 30. 103 30. 100 30. 109 30. 128 30. 140 30. 147 30. 149 30. 158 30. 108 Apr. 27.... 30. 231 30. 250 30. 204 30. 271 30. 299 30. 313 30.313 30. 319 30. 328 30. 339 30. 330 30. 334 30. 342 30. 343 Apr. 28.... 30. 370 30. 378 30. 392 30.411 30. 443 30. 44G 30.455 30. 402 30. 485 30. 505 30. 520 30. 530 30. 532 30. 531 Apr. 29 30. 518 30. 530 30. 530 30. 539 30. 530 30. 543 30. 537 30. 524 30. 521 30. 512 30. 502 30. 502 30. 490 30. 482 Apr. 30.... 30. 293 30. 305 30. 328 30. 300 30. 39G 30. 42S 30. 450 30. 480 30. 500 30. 520 30. 52G 30. 530 30. 538 30. 540 Means .. 29.930 29. 943 29. 951 29. 953 29. 964 29. 9C7 29. 9G4 29. 963 20. 965 29. 904 29. 904 29. 360 20. 960 29. CG2 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p.m. p. m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p. m. 10 p. m. 11 J), m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max. Min. Eango. 18S2. Apr. 1.... 30. 169 30. 175 30. 148 30. 144 30. 135 30. 117 30. 101 30. 087 30.017 3C. 037 30. 173 30.210 30. 037 . 203 Apr. 2 29. 862 29. 854 29. 857 29. 807 29. 806 29. 805 29. 842 29. 845 29. 827 29. 824 29. 904 30. 029 29. 824 .205 Apr. 3 29.813 29. 814 29.819 29. S19 29. 809 29. 800 29. 808 29. 809 29. 800 29. 802 29. 817 29. 834 29. 800 .034 Apr. 4 29. 851 29. 848 20. S53 29. 803 29. 8G3 29. 804 29. 869 29. 869 29. 847 29. 803 29. 840 29. 809 29. 804 .065 Apr. 5 ... 29. 998 30.011 30. 010 30. 024 30. 031 30. 037 30. 029 30. 035 30. 001 30. 008 29. 9G7 30. 037 29. 870 .1G1 Apr. 29. 933 29. 937 29. 939 29. 931 29. 922 29. 909 29. 887 29. 877 29. S01 29. 800 29. 95G 30. 028 29. 800 .228 Apr. 7.... 29. 540 29. 530 29. 530 29. 530 29. 518 29. 500 29.480 29. 473 29. 459 29. 452 29. 003 29. 774 29. 452 . 322 Apr. 8 29. 430 29. 43G 29.438 29. 429 29. 425 29. 424 29. 430 29. 442 29. 429 29. 424 29.4.!5 29. 458 29.400 .052 Apr. 9.... 29. 506 29.518 29. 540 29. 563 29. 582 29. 582 29. 570 29. 584 29. 580 29. 005 29. 508 29. 605 29.430 .175 Apr. 10 29. 881 2!). 905 29. 928 1 29.919 29. 973 29. 991 30. 018 30. 02G 30. 040 30. 0G0 29. 83) 30. 000 29. 613 .447 Apr. 1) 30. 244 30. 244 30. 251 30. 255 30. 245 30. 233 30. 223 30. 222 3C. 204 30. 200 30. 202 30. 255 30. 073 .1S2 Apr. 12.... 30. 082 30. 072 30. 057 30. 039 30.014 30. 005 29. 998 29. 979 29. 942 29. 936 30. 090 30. 189 29. 930 . 253 Apr. 13 29. 852 29. 858 29. 884 2!). 890 29. 916 29. 927 29. 929 29. 935 29. 934 29. 942 29. 879 29. 942 29.810 . 132 Apr. 14.... 30.0)3 30.019 30. 017 30. 011 30. 009 29. 996 29. 981 29. 9S3 29. 9G5 29. 970 29. 891 30. 019 29. 947 .072 Apr. 15 29. S81 29. 860 29. 879 29. 884 29. 873 29. 867 29. 850 29. S49 29. 828 29. S13 29. 900 29. 983 29. 813 .170 Apr.lG 29. 770 29.778 29. 785 29. 78S 29. 776 29. 777 29. 790 29.790 29. 785 29. 790 29. 789 29. 81G 29. 705 . 051 Apr. 17.... 29. 957 29. 908 29. 9S3 29. 994 29. 99S 30. 000 30. 003 30. 01G 30. 027 30. 005 29. 922 30. 027 29. 801 .220 Apr. IS.... 29. 984 29. 982 29. 980 29. 97 L 29. 970 29. 905 29. 955 29. 951 29. 918 29. 915 29. 999 30. 057 29.915 .142 Apr. 19 29. 855 29. 854 29. 840 29. S39 29. 839 29. 839 29. 834 29. 814 29. 809 29. 801 29. 86G 29. 912 29. 801 .111 Apr. 20 29. 754 29. 753 29. 701 29. 701 29. 751 29.751 29. 741 29.751 29. 734 29. 733 29. 709 29. 803 29. 733 .070 Apr.21.... 29. 715 29. 707 29.712 29. 715 29. 702 29. 087 29. 674 29. 069 29. G39 29. 051 23. 712 29. 741 29. G51 .090 Apr. 22 29.741 29. 757 29. 797 29.810 29. 848 29. S78 29. 909 29. 939 29. 951 29. 980 29. 757 29. 980 29.017 .333 Apr. 23 30. 144 30. 140 30. 130 30. 099 30. 091 30. 078 30. 003 30.041 30. OOG 29. 989 30. 100 30. 157 29. 989 .168 Apr. 24 29. 854 29. 862 29. 870 23. 807 29. 862 29. 805 29. 858 29. 875 29. 80G 29. S81 29. 895 29. 969 29. 840 .129 Apr. 25 30. 045 30. 045 30. 050 30. 005 30. 0G4 30. 059 30. 003 30. 081 30. 0S1 30. 008 30. O0S 30.081 29. 88G .195 Apr. 20 30. 1S1 30. 194 30.210 30. 205 30. 201 30.221 30. 211 30. 220 30.221 30. 231 30. 154 30. 231 30. 0G3 .108 Apr. 27.... 30. 345 30. 352 30. 359 30. 300 30. 370 30. 302 30. 302 30. 360 30. 357 30. 339 30. 328 30. 370 30.231 .139 Apr. 28 30. 541 3D. 545 30.554 30. 541 30. 539 30. 537 30.53t 30.541 30. 520 30. 510 30.193 30.554 30. 370 .178 Apr. 29 30. 478 30. 460 30.451. 30. 428 30.413 30. 388 30. 307 30.351 30.321 30.301 30.4G8 30. 543 30. 304 .239 Apr. 30 30. 553 30. 550 30.548 30. 534 30. 523 30. 510 30. 500 30.481 30. 432 30. 430 30. 409 30. 553 30. 293 .260 Means . . 29.96G 29. 90S 29.974 29.973 29. 971 29. 968 29. 903 29. 964 29. 947 29. 947 29. 961 30. 037 29. 804 .173 ALASKA. 211 Tallies showing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Barometer aljove sea, 17 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. ■1 a. m. 5 a. m. a. m. 7 a.m. S a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a.m. 11 a. m. 12 m. 1 p.m. 2 p.m. 1S82. May 1... 30. 398 30. 398 30. 361 30. 352 30.321 30. 292 30. 262 30. 223 30. 175 30.152 30.141 30. 093 30. 075 30. 052 May 2... 30. 013 29. 90S 29. 979 29. 974 29. 953 29. 934 29. 919 29. 904 29. 900 29. 896 29. 884 29. 872 29. 802 29. 854 May ii 29. 832 29. S29 29. 832 29. 837 29. S47 29. 848 29. 844 29. 853 29. 818 29. 838 29. 829 29. 807 29. 827 20. 828 ■May 4... 29. 799 29.791 29. 800 29. 799 29.810 29. S15 29. 820 29.817 29. 824 29 823 29. 833 29. 831 29. 829 29. 831 May 5... 29. 834 29. 821 29. 826 29. 829 29. 827 29. 825 29. 825 29. 820 29. 825 29. 823 29. 810 29. 810 29. 801 29. 807 Mi y G... 29. S24 29. 828 29. S2S 29. S31 29. 840 29. 851 29. 862 29. 864 29. 874 29. 879 29. 889 29. 885 20. 8S5 29. 895 May 7... 29.9i5 29. 947 29. 947 29. 947 29. 970 29. 985 29. 980 29. 976 29. 977 29. 979 29. 983 29. 987 29. 987 29. 987 May S... 30. 033 30. 031 30. 034 30. 042- 30. 053 30. 061 30. 067 30. 074 30. 081 30. 085 30. 090 30. 091 30. 104 30. 117 MaV U... 30. 1G4 30. 10'.) 30. 174 30. 170 30. 191 30. 197 30.200 30. 215 30. 217 30.214 30. 222 30. 235 30.250 30. 254 May 10... 30. 357 30. 355 30. 307 30. 374 30. 395 20. 398 30. 401 30. 401 30.402 30. 399 30] 385 30. 373 30. 3G3 30. 343 May 11.... 30. 18S 30. ISO 30. 173 30. 167 30. 168 30. 173 30. 168 30.166 30. 163 30. 162 30. 156 30. 149 30. 149 30.151 May 12.... 30. 115 30. 112 30.118 30. 103 30.115 30. 107 30. 100 30. 098 30. 079 30. 009 30. 000 30. 053 30. 040 30. 010 May 13.... 30. 022 30. 022 30. 030 30. 037 30. 941 30. 043 30. 04G 30. 052 30. 050 30. 059 30. 001 30. 065 30. 005 30. 065 May 11.... 30. 130 30. 147 30.156 30. 1G0 30.183 30. 185 30.201 30. 206 30.214 30. 225 30. 236 30. 24S 30. 258 30. 265 May 15 30. 300 30.310 30. 303 30. 310 30. 299 30. 291 30. 290 30. 287 30. 280 30. 282 30. 277 30. 261 30. 267 30. 255 Ma ylC... 30. 195 30. 194 30. 185 30.181 30. 185 30. 171 30. 154 30. 147 30. 148 30. 142 30. 134 30. 130 30. 128 30. 120 May 17.... 30. 053 30. 053 30. 049 30. 054 30. 071 30. 070 30. 079 30. 084 30. 093 30. 092 30. 108 30. 113 30. 122 30. 130 May 13.-.. 30. 188 30. 192 30.192 30.190 30. 211 30. 216 30. 221 30. 226 30. 221 30. 217 30. 228 30. 229 30. 233 30. 235 May 10 30. 257 30. 2U7 30. 275 30. 280 30. 297 30. 292 30. 294 30. 298 30. 302 30. 291 30. 282 30. 280 30. 280 30. 280 May 2 'J... . 30. 210 30. 209 30. 203 30. 204 30. 210 30. 197 30.187 30. 178 30. 160 30. 155 30. 132 30. 132 30. 132 30. 124 May21.... 30. 097 30. 094 30. 100 30. 124 30. 143 30. 140 30.165 30. 178 30. 178 30.181 30. 191 30. 203 30. 208 30.214 May2 : > 30. 24G 30. 2G4 30. 262 30. 277 30. 300 30. 310 30. 306 30.318 30. 320 30. 327 30. 337 30. 345 30. 340 30. 355 May23.... 30. 324 30.317 30.318 30. 309 30. 304 30. 299 30. 291 30. 285 30. 271 30. 202 30. 258 30.241 30. 234 30. 221 May 24.... 30. C98 30. 096 30. (193 39. 09G 30. 090 30. 088 30. 082 30. 075 30. 075 30. 072 30. 072 30. 071 SO. 061 30. 067 May 25.... 30. 035 30. 038 30. 038 30. 031 30. 042 30. 036 30. 031 30. 031 30.025 30. 025 30. 025 39. 025 30. 023 30. 030 May 26. . . . 30. 009 30. 013 30.012 30.012 30. 010 30. 004 29. 998 29. 993 20. 998 29. 993 29. 989 29. 980 29. 984 29. 979 May 27 29. 953 29. 951 29. 951 29. 954 29. 953 29. 949 29. 952 29. 956 29. 957 29. 945 29. 939 29. 937 29. 945 29. 913 May 28 29. 883 29. 890 29. 880 29. 884 29. 894 29. 887 29. 886 29. 880 29. 8S2 29. 881 29. 879 29. 879 29. 873 29. 870 Mav29.... 29. 842 29. 841 29. 839 29. 839 29. 849 29. 838 29. 838 29. 838 29. 834 29. 824 29. 814 29. 813 29. 805 29. 798 May 30.... 29. 7G4 29. 774 29. 777 29. 775 29. 795 29. 792 29. 793 29. 798 29. 793 29. 793 29. 793 29.798 20. 801 29. 801 May 31.... 29. 809 29. 809 29. S27 29. S22 29. 837 29. 840 29. 847 29. 848 29. 848 29. 844 29. 843 29. 843 29. 847 29. 849 Means - . * 30.002 30. 003 30. 0G2 30. 064 30.071 30. 069 30. 06S 39. 067 30. 005 30. 062 30. 001 30. 058 30. OSS 30. 057 Date. 3 p.m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p. m. 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11p.m. 12 p.m. Daily means. Max. Min. Eange. 1882. May 1.... 30. 039 30. 020 30. 020 30. 008 30. 018 30. 023 30. 041 30. 051 30. 025 30. 015 30. 148 30. 398 30. CCS .390 May ". 29. 845 29. 850 29. 860 29. 863 29. 853 29. 853 29. 853 29. 853 29. 838 29.831 29. 893 30. 013 29. 831 .182 May 3.... 29. 823 29.821 29.818 29. 817 29.811 29. 80G 29. 801 29. 799 29. 7S9 29. 786 29. 824 29. 853 29. 786 .067 May 4 29. 845 29. 847 29. 856 29.861 29. 863 29. 866 29. 865 29. 855 29. 829 29. 830 29. 831 29. 866 29.794 .072 May 5 29. 805 29. S13 29. 818 29. 818 29. 815 29. 811 29. 808 29. 807 29. 814 29. 828 29. 818 29. 834 29. 801 .033 May C 29. 902 29. 915 29. 937 29.910 29. 938 29. 933 29. 933 29.341 29. 925 29. 934 29. 889 29. 941 29. 824 .117 May 7 29. 990 29. 9f)2 29. 998 30. 003 30. 003 30. 004 30. 007 30. 007 30. 00 n 30. 011 29. 984 30. 011 29. 945 .000 May 8 30. 130 30. 133 30.133 30. 143 30.152 30. 155 30. 162 30. 165 30. 150 30. 156 30. 102 30.165 30. 031 .134 30. 270 30. 274 30. 286 30. 309 30. 321 30. 334 30. 341 30. 34S 30. 338 30. 349 30. 252 30. 349 30. 164 . 185 May 10.... 30. 340 30. 32S 30.326 30. 316 30. 305 30. 280 30. 258 30. 248 30. 203 30. 103 30.338 30.402 30. 199 .203 May 11.... 30. 154 30. 153 30. 156 30. 160 30.156 30. 152 30. 150 30. 129 30. 131 30. 124 30.158 80.188 30, 124 .064 May 12 30. 032 30. 040 30. 036 30. 033 30. 037 30. 037 30. 045 30. 045 30. 025 30. 019 30. 065 30. 118 30. 019 .099 May 13.... 30. 073 30. 073 30. 07G 30. 084 30. 096 30. 103 30. Ill 30. 119 30. 11G 30.121 30. 068 30. 121 30. 022 .099 May 14 30. 275 30. 2S5 30.301 30. 300 30. 295 30. 300 30. 303 .30. 293 30. 299 30. 297 30. 247 30. 303 30. 136 .167 May 15.... 30. 255 30. 243 30.246 30. 239 30. 243 30. 244 30. 241 30. 222 30. 207 30. 201 30. 265 30. 310 30. 201 .109 May 16.... 30. 118 30. 115 30.120 30. 119 30. Ill 30. 095 30. 089 30. 083 30. 054 30. C50 30. 132 30. 195 30. C50 .145 Ma'yl7 30. 138 30. 148 30. 166 30. 178 30. 185 30. 186 30. 190 30. 198 30. 186 30.193 30. 123 30. 198 30. 049 .149 May 18.... 30. 245 30. 252 30. 249 30. 255 30. 260 30. 265 30. 267 30. 265 30. 244 30. 257 30. 232 30. 287 30.188 .079 May 10 30. 277 30. 27C 30. 282 30. 264 30. 281 30. 257 30. 257 30. 250 30. 224 30. 225 30.273 30. 302 30. 225 .077 May20.... 30. 118 30. 110 30. 131 30. 127 30.115 30. 100 30. 103 30. 1C6 30. OS-i 30. 086 30. 146 30. 210 30. 084 .125 May 21.... 30. 224 30. 226 30. 229 30.244 30. 251 30. 246 30.249 30. 254 30. 238 30.246 30. 192 30.254 3C. 094 .160 May 22.... 30. 360 30. 367 30. 380 30.370 ! 30. 365 30. 359 30. 355 30. 353 30. 330 30. 319 30. 328 30. 380 30. 246 .134 May 23.... 30. 208 30. 201 30. 194 30.186 30. 176 30. 164 30.150 30. 142 30. 125 SO. 1 14 30. 233 30. 324 30. 114 .210 May 24 30. 059 30. 059 30. 073 30.070 30. 056 30. 051 30. 041 30. 044 30. 037 30. 029 30. 069 30. 098 30. 029 .069 Ma'y25 30. 042 30. 040 30. 047 30.050 30. 010 30. 033 30. 020 30. 026 30. 019 30. 009 30. 032 30. 050 30. 009 .041 May 20.... 29. 9S5 29. 983 29.991 ! 29.983 29. 968 29. 971 29. 9G8 29. 961 29. 946 29. 9G0 29. 987 30. 013 29. 94G .067 May 27. . . . 29. 942 29. 940 29. 934 29. 935 29. 927 29. 917 29. 912 29.910 29. 902 29. 898 29. 938 29. 957 29. 898 .059 May 28.... 29. 871 29. 869 29. 873 29. 871 29. 865 29. 863 29. 850 29. 858 29. 833 29. 837 29. 873 29. 894 29. 833 .061 MaV 29 29. 798 29. 797 29. 706 29. 793 29.783 29. 786 29. 783 29. 777 29.755 29. 761 29. RIO 29. 849 29.755 . 094 MaySO... 29. 806 29. 807 29. 809 29. 809 29. 819 29. 821 29. 819 29.S17 29. 800 29. 811 29.799 29. 821 29. 764 .057 May 31.... 29. 842 29. 851 29. S50 29. 853 29. 842 • 29.836 29. 842 30. 059 29. 830 30. 057 29. 838 29. 634 29. 839 29. 853 29. 809 .044 Means . . 30. 053 30. 059 30.0G4 30. 065 1 30. 062 30. 060 30.042 30. 043 30.C6L 30. 114 29. 999 .115 212 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Tables showing pressure of air at TJglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883— Continued. [Barometer above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutcs.J Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. 6 a. in. 7 a. m. 8 a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p. in. 1882. Juno 1... 29. 837 29.811 29. 840 29. 845 29. 848 29. 830 29. 845 29. 845 29. 842 29. 837 29. 835 29. 833 29. 833 29. 820 June 2... 29. 758 29. 750 29. 753 29. 749 29. 750 29. 743 29. 731 29. 725 29. 722 29. 708 29. 698 29. GS8 29. 686 29. 677 Juno 3... 21021 29. 622 29. 619 29. 023 29. 629 29. 627 29. 623 29. 630 29. 637 29. 638 29. 639 29. 647 29. 660 29. 663 Juue 4... 29. 7::o 29. 730 29. 733 29. 734 29. 751 29. 75G 29. 757 29. 761 29. 738 29. 749 29. 751 29. 75S 29. 750 29. 738 Juno 5... 29.837 29. 845 29. 860 29. 870 29. 890 29.913 29.918 29. 924 29. 935 29. 941 29. 944 29. 950 29.918 29. 960 June 6 .. 20.917 29. 942 29. 948 29. 937 29. 944 29. 947 29. 947 29. 943 29. 945 29. 947 29. 953 29. 956 29. 969 29. 959 June 7... 29.991 29. 985 29. 997 29. 999 30. 022 30. 030 30. 042 30. 037 30. 041 30. 043 30. 053 30. 053 30. 053 30. 002 June 8... 30. 1195 30. 095 30.104 30. 102 30. 117 30. 128 30..123 30. 123 30. 124 30. 121 30. 121 30. 133 30. 129 30.128 Jnnp 9... 30. C80 30. 078 30. 080 30. 068 30. 075 30. 007 30. 006 30. 059 30. 057 30. 048 30. 048 30. 037 30. 032 30. 026 June 10... 29. 852 29. 847 29. 836 29.816 29. 808 29. 789 29. 765 29. 757 29. 751 29. 740 29. 723 29. 712 29. 690 29. 086 June 11 29. 506 29. 803 29. 559 29. 556 29. 552 29. 550 29. 555 29. 556 29. 545 29. 546 29. 545 29. 545 29.541 29. 549 June 12. .. 29. 002 29. 009 29. 689 29. 706 29. 713 29. 721 29. 722 29. 733 29. 735 29.734 29. 735 29. 747 29. 750 29. 759 June 13... 29. 743 29. 747 29. 739 29. 741 29. 752 29. 752 29. 749 29. 752 29. 756 29. 754 29. 754 29. 751 29. 75.1 29. 759 Juno 14. . 29. 691 29. 080 29. 076 29. 070 29. 681 29. 070 29. 659 29. 651 29. 642 29. 637 29. 637 29. 03S 29. 636 29. 635 June 15... 29. 043 29. GGO 29. 634 29. 05S 29. 665 29. 662 29. 605 29. 665 29. 670 29.674. 29. 672 29. 679 29.684 29. 683 June 10... 29. 707 •J9. 717 29. 727 29. 729 29. 744 29.751 29. 765 29. 767 29. 775 29. 782 29.788 29. 791 29. 793 29. 823 June 17... 29. 938 29. 9 JO 29.'955 29. 973 29. 990 30. 001 30.012 30. 024 30. 027 30. 041 30. 050 30. 060 30. 009 30. 079 Juno IS... 30.133 30. 120 30. 120 30. 141 30. 138 30. 135 30. 129 30. 126 30. 122 30. 112 30. 097 30. 095 30. 101 30. 100 Juno 1!). .. 30. 055 30. 073 30. 014 30. 056 30. 059 30. 003 30. 057 30. 051 30. 051 30. 053 30. 033 30. 051 30. 050 30.047 June 20 .. 30. 076 30. 081 30. 085 30. 080 30. 107 30. 110 30. 107 30. 115 30. 113 30. 110 30. 110 30.119 30. 109 30. 109 Juno 21.. . 30. 082 30. (ISO 30. 086 30. 091 30. 096 30. 098 30. 097 30. 090 30. 101 30. 114 30. 116 30. 134 30.154 30. 164 Juno 22 . . . 30. 191 30.170 30. 176 30.158 30.108 30. 166 30.156 30. 141 30. 131 30. 129 30. 121 30. 121 30.115 30. 109 June 2 i . 30. 097 £0. 102 30. 108 30.110 30. 133 30. 133 30.137 30. 143 30. 146 30.149 30. 150 30. 148 30. 147 30. 158 J one 24... 30. 096 30. 089 30. 090 30. 085 30. 084 30. 076 30. 066 30. 052 30. 042 30. 030 30. 020 30. 015 30. 006 30. 019 I Juno 2"> .. 29. 926 29. 923 29.918 29.911 29.911 29. 899 29. 880 29. 866 29. S35 29. 842 29. 833 29. S18 29. S13 29. 795 June 20 ... 29. 032 29. 031 29. 644 29. 635 29. 648 29. 639 29. 641 29. 647 29. 637 29. 638 29. 833 29. 031 29. 639 29. G45 June 27. .. 29. G36 29. 029 29. 015 29 006 29. 609 29. 599 29. 003 29. 610 29. 616 29. 018 29. 618 29. 033 29. 63S 29. 641 June 28 .. 29. 636 29. 647 29. 017 29. 6.50 29. 046 29. 651 29. 649 29. 640 29. 631 29. 622 29. 619 29. 616 29.016 29. 616 June 23. .- 29. 628 29. 624 29. 642 29.042 29. 601 29. 672 29. 678 29. 0S0 29. 694 29. 704 29. 704 29. 717 29. 727 29. 726 June 30 '.. 29. 740 29.701 29. 702 29. 770 29. 775 29. 775 29. 778 29. 782 29. 787 29. 796 29. 803 29. 805 29. 807 29. 813 Means .. 20.855 29. 850 29. 857 29. 858 29. S66 29. 866 23. 864 29. 863 29. 863 29. S62 29. S01 29. 863 29. SG4 29. 806 Pale. " p. m. -1 p. m. 5 p. m. (! p. m. 7 p. m. S p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 m. Daily means. Mas. Min. r.ange.' 1 882. June 1 . . . 29. 830 29.811 29. 815 .29. 807 29. 805 29. 700 29. 780 29. 775 29. 758 29. 752 29. 820 29. 850 29. 752 .098 June 2 .- 29. 670 29. 660 29. 051 29. 652 29. 658 29. 648 29. 646 29. 643 29. 620 29.631 29. 093 29. 753 29. 620 .138 Juno 3... 29. 000 29. 685 29. 688 29. 695 29 700 29. 715 29. 715 29. 720 29. 710 29. 722 29. 662 29. 722 29. 619 .103 June 4... 29. 761 29. 768 29. 773 29. 781 29. 785 29. 793 29. S00 29. 795 29. 805 29. 820 29. 765 29. 820 29. 730 .090 June 3... 29. 965 29. 976 29. 976 29. 970 29. 9G0 29. 958 29. 935 29. 955 29. 934 29.933 I. 29. 976 29. :"37 .139 June 0... 29. 907 29. 965 29. 966 29. 960 29. 965 29. 979 29. 980 29. 989 29. 969 29. 973 29. 95S 29. 989 29. 937 .052 June 7... 30. 0S1 30. 080 30. 079 30.081' 30. 0S7 30. 080 30. 081 30. OSS 30. 091 30. 087 30. 052 30. 091 29.985 . 100 Juno 8... 30.131 30. 134 30. 130 30.133 30.142 30. 131 30.111 30. 109 30. 090 30. 079 30. 118 30 142 30. 079 .003 Juno 9 .. 30. 023 30. 014 29. 997 29. 980 29. 970 29. 947 29. 928 29. 906 29. S85 29. 860 30. 014 30. 080 29. SGG .214 Juno 10... 29. 074 29. 659 29. 639 29. 628 29. 023 29. 608 29. GOO 29. 588 29. 571 29. 563 29. 705 29. 852 29 57 .281 Juno 11.. 29. 5G1 29. 565 29. 573 29. 585 29. 003 29. GIG 2 J. 028 29. G30 29. 647 29. 641 29.574 29. 047 .100 June 12 . . . 29. 704 29 768 29. 762 29. 768 29. 701 29. 747 29. 753 29. 744 29. 735 29. 744 29. 731 29. 708 29. 002 .106 Juno 13... 29. 759 29. 757 29. 752 29. 752 29. 739 29. 739 29. 720 29. 717 29. 695 29. 709 29. 744 29. 759 29. G95 .064 Juno 14... 29. 032 29. G32 29. 039 29. 643 29. 648 29. 654 29. 053 29. 656 29.644 29. 651 29. 653 29. 691 29. 032 .059 June 13. .. 29. GOG 29.G99 29. 702 29. 703 29. 708 29. 706 29. 709 29. 714 29. 713 29. 706 29. 683 29. 714 29. 043 .071 Juno 10... 29. 836 29. 848 29. 800 29. 807 29. 891 29. 885 29. 889 29. 897 29. 905 29. 920 29.811 29. 920 29. 707 .213 June 17... 30.101 30.110 30. 112 30. 117 30. 122 30. 127 30. 127 30. 120 30. 133 30. 149 30. 058 30. 149 29. 9^8 .211 June. 18... 30. 096 30. 074 30. 074 30. 079 30. 074 30. 079 30. 076 30. 066 30. 065 30. 051 30. 100 30. 141 30. 051 .090 Juno 19... . 30. 047 30. 053 30. 059 30. 059 30. 007 30. 070 30. 074 30. 074 30. 086 30. 078 30. 000 30. 0SG 30. 044 .042 i June 20... 30. 119 30. 119 30. 125 30. 133 30. 125 30.121 30. 109 30. 104 30. 091 30. 090 30. 108 30. 133 30. 070 .057 Juno 21... 30. 172 30. 192 30. 190 30. 192 30. 200 30.204 30. 200 30. 197 30. 194 30. 182 30.113 30.204 30. 082 . 122 June 22... 30. 102 30. 101 30. 109 30. 107 30.102 30 097 30. 090 30. 089 30. 084 30. 097 30.120 30. 191 30. 084 .107 Juno 23... 30. 165 30. 174 30. 108 30.103 30.155 30. 148 30. 138 30.137 30.115 30. 125 30. 140 30. 174 30. 097 .077 June 24... 30.012 30. 015 30. 012 30. 002 29. 984 29. 961 2!). 950 29. 948 29. 940 29. 948 30. 023 30. 096 29. 940 .150 June 25... 29. 782 29. 767 29. 755 29. 735 29. 710 29. 688 29. 078 29 0GG 29. 644 29. 640 29. 802 29. 926 29. G!0 .286 Juue 26... 29. 657 29. 607 29. 002 29. 677 29. G79 29. 675 29. 675 29. 675 29. 672 29. 662 29. G52 29. 679 29. 631 .04S June 27... 29. 656 29. 000 29. 054 29. 654 29. 666 29. 66S 29. GGG 29. G59 29. GGG 29. 656 29. 630 29. 6G8 29. 599 -.069 Juno 28... 29. 609 29. 009 29. 611 29. 008 29. 613 29. 614 29. GIG 29. 020 29. G22 29. 606 29. o:g 29. 65G 29. 606 .050 June 29... 29.744 29. 750 29. 749 29. 746 29. 744 29. 743 29. 751 29. 753 29. 749 29. 747 29. 707 29. 753 29. 624 . 129 June 30... 29. 819 29. 823 29. 825 29. 822 29. 827 29. 825 29. 823 29. 814 29. 8C2 29. 817 29. 821 29. 799 29. 827 29. 749 .07S Means . . 29. 870 29.871 29. 870 29. 870 29. 870 29. 867 29. SC3 29.S55 29.S55 29. 863 29. 915 29. 801 .114 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 213 Talks slowing pressure of air at TJglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Baromol or aboi <• sea, IT feet. Washington mean time. Correction for moan local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. in. 2 a. m. :{ a. in. 1 a. m. "> a. m. G a. m. 7 a. 111. S a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a.m. 11 a. 111. 12 m. 1 p. m. .. 7 2 p. m. 1 SS2. July 1.... 29, S23 29. 831 29.831 20. 833 20. 833 20. 832 29. 825 29. SI 9 29. SI 9 29. S10 20. S13 29. SU 29. 807 29. SOfi July 'J.-.. 29. 810 20. 810 20. S17 29.821 20. 828 2:1. 340 20.811 20. 840 20. 843 29. 845 29. 845 20.843 29. 830 29.850 July ::.... 29. 874 !9 876 39 : 20. 000 20. 003 20. 003 20. 906 20. 005 20.013 20.015 29. 927 20.041 20.947 29.940 July 1.-.. 30.027 30.030 30.042 3D. 040 30.044 30. 040 30. 04 G 30. 054 30. 056 30. 003 30. 005 30. 007 30. 070 30.079 July 5.... 30. 047 30.04.1 30.058 30.037 30. 042 30. 032 30. 018 30. 000 29.984 20. 058 29. 934 20.01G 20. 920 29.308 Jnh '■■...- 29. 822 29.814 20.801. 29. 79G 20. 701 20. 787 20. 778 20.70.-; 20. 705 29.766 29. 766 20. 702 July 7.... 21). 702 20. 705 29. 739 20. 708 20. 775 20. 707 20. 750 20. 730 20. 722 20.721 20.710 20. 71 L 20.o:i; 29.704 July 8.... 29.612 29.C07 29. 597 29. 574 20. 584 20. 571 20. 550 20. 530 20. 527 29. 521 29.519 20.511 20. 506 29. 404 July 9.... 29. 409 . > 20. 103 20. 402 20. 400 29. 300 29. 500 29. 510 20. 510 29. 522 20. 525 20. 530 20. 558 20. 5Jo July 10.... 20. 558 29. "l . 1 ' 29'. 551 20. 555 20. 370 29.573 20. 578 20. 503 20. 500 20. 004 20.017 20.019 29. 624 ,TulvU 20.710 29.711 20.712 20. 775 29. 8112 20.S27 20.857 29. 851 29. S57 20. S67 2:.. 887 29 897 20. 002 July 12.... 29. 9G4 29*960 20. 977 2:1. 987 20. 989 20. 082 29. 967 29. 957 29. 952 20. 01s 20.03 4 2:1.011;; 20. 90.5 July 13.... 29.69S 20 ; f 37 20. 880 20. 861 20. 852 20.; 851 20. S56 20. 855 20. 860 29. S73 29. S76 29.880 July 11.... 29.739 20.717 2:'. 702 29. 689 29.68G 29. 681 20. 06G 20. 045 29. 020 20.021 29. 016 20. 609 29. 502 2.'.:-'' July 15 20. 581 29. 507 29. 619 29. 027 20. 023 20. 034 20. 634 29. 012 29. 640 20. 030 29.632 29. 644 29. 651 20. 054 July 18.... 29.595 29.591 29.591 29. 570 20. 581 20. 570 20. 504 20.515 29. 534 29.518 20.515 20. 509 20. 100 20. 4S9 July 17.... 20.433 29.140 29.441 29.1211 2ii. 433 20. 420 20.432 29.439 29.444 29. 4 12 20.445 20. 445 20. 445 20. 452 July IS.... 29. 572 29.r 29.595 20. 021 22'. 035 20.612 2:1.'- 4 29. 007 29. 071 20. 075 29.081 29.C91 20. 701 20.711 July 10.... 20. 756 29.704 2*782 29.783 20. 705 2'J.7:'0 20. 805 29. 801 29. 707 29. 796 29. 796 29. 799 20. 700 20. 700 July 20.... 29. 820 29, ■' 5 20. 830 29.845 20. 854 20. 850 29.853 20. 846 20. 845 20. 848 20. 8.53 20. 853 29. 847 29. S41 July 21.... 20. 705 29. £ - i 29.820 20. 820 20.831 29. 831 20. 828 29. 828 20. .-3 4 20. 834 2 1 '. '.! 20.817 20. 850 July 22.... 29.905 29. !)0S 29. 020 29. 021 20. 031 20. 024 20.916 20.911 29. 006 20. 808 20. 00.5 29.913 20. 620 20. 930 July 2:).... 29.918 20. 959 29. 081 29. 978 20. 003 20. 007 20. 966 29. 005 20. 050 20. 002 20. 003 29.943 20.015 20. 025 July 24.... 29, 787 20.785 20. 783 20. 775 29. 783 20. 773 29. 750 29. 754 20. 730 20.741 20. 736 29. 726 20. 720 29.715 July 2.",... 29. 673 20. 603 20. 074 20. 07G 20. 084 29. 669 29. 6G0 29. 657 29. 645 29.613 29. 647 29. 657 20. 672 29. 604 July 20.... 29. 70S 20. 77:'. 20. 776 29. 777 20. 777 20. 774 20. 77 4 20. 707 20. 750 20. 753 20.745 20. 742 20. 730 29. 73G July 27.... 20.717 29. 726 29. 738 29. 731 20.741 20. 743 29.738 29. 742 29. 746 20. 740 29. 74S 20. 703 20. 773 29. 777 July 28.... 20. S55 20. 805 29. SSO 29. 895 20. 922 29. 022 29. 929 29. 052 29. 967 29. 080 30. 003 30. 013 30. 032 30. 037 July 29.... 30. 091 30. 002 30. 093 39.09S 30. 095 30. 005 30. 091 30. 080 30. 071 30. OUS 30. 065 30. 039 30. 053 50. 036 July 30.... 20. 064 29. 944 29. 945 29. 949 20. 958 29.960 29. 953 29. 930 29. 941 29. 933 29. 92S 29. 923 29.011 29. 903 July 31.... 29. 847 29. 816 29. 643 29. 837 29. 847 29. S10 29. S43 29. S37 29. 830 20. 810 20. 815 29. 603 29. S03 29. 795 Means . . 29. 7S2 21). 78 4 29. 780 29.789 29.795 20. 704 29. 792 20. 788 20. 780 20. 784 29. 783 20. 783 29. 786 29.7S5 ■1 Date 1S82. July 1... July 2... July "... July 4... July 5... July 0... July 7... July .8... July 9... July 10... July 11... July 12... July 15... July 14... July 15... July 10... July 17... July is... July 10... July 20... Jul v 21... July 22... July 23... July 24... July 25... July 26... July 27... July 28... J uly 20... July 30... July 31... Munns . . 8 X'- m. 4 p. m. 20. 806 29. 855 29. 965 30. 079 29. 906 20. 772 20. 688 29. 480 20. 547 2S. 649 20. 907 20. 003 20. 881 29.5S2 20. 644 20.487 20.457 20.720 i 20. 805 29. 840 29. 658 29. 038 29. 920 20. 710 20. 720 20. 737 20. 788 50. 046 30. 036 20. 804 29. S00 29. 810 20. 805 20. 970 30. 082 29.899 29.787 29. 076 211. 4 85 20.548 20. 1151 20.011) 29.896 2S. 808 20. 580 20. 050 20. 4S0 20.400 20. 744 29. 815 29. 837 20.801 29.940 29. 920 29. 70S 29. 737 29. 732 29. 700 50. 053 50. 032 29. 889 29. 790' 5 p. m. (1 p. m. 29.816 ; 29.820 20.801 29.858 29.973 ' 29.991 30. 073 ; 30. 072 20. 791 29. S94 I 29. 784 20. 668 20. 100 29. 549 29.018 20. 912 20. 8,-7 20. 878 29. 570 29. G4S 29. 475 29.465 20. 746 29. 811 29. S20 29. 803 20. 94S 29. SOS 29. 700 29.744 29. 732 20. 707 30. 003 30. 014 20. 870 20. 7S7 29. 801 29. 782 29. 0.38 20. 481 20. 547 20. C50 20. 025 20. 802 29. 870 29. 562 29.641 29. 467 29.466 29. 731- 20.810 29. 823 29.881 20. 951 29. 892 29. 698 29. 742 29. 735 29. 708 50. 071 29. 999 29. 803 29. 783 1 p. m. S p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 29. 817 29. 836 29.999 30. 071 20. 885 20. 779 29. 650 20. 471 20. 545 29. 689 29. 933 29. 885 29. 867 29. 570 29. 641 29. 455 ■29.472 29. 759 29. 815 29. 825 29. 890 29. 052 29. 885 29. 093 29. 746 29. 735 29. 805 30. 082 29. 903 29. 877 29. 780 29.816 29. S03 30. 001 30.066 29. 869 29. 776 20. 63S 23. 450 29. 542 29. 601 29.943 29. 683 29. 862 29. 572 29. 641 29. 455 29. 488 20. 702 29. 823 29. 826 29. 906 29. 950 29. 837 29. 605 20. 752 2.1.722 20.813 50. 080 29. 9S7 29. 876 29. 773 29.814 29. 803 30. 001 30. 062 29. 839 29. 777 29. 631 29. 462 29. 537 29. 693 29. 053 29. 695 29. 844 29. 575 29. 634 29. 448 29. 491 29. 762 29. 825 29. 826 29. 911 29. 946 29. 835 29. 691 29. 761 29. 729 29. SI 8 30. 087 29. 974 29. S74 29. 757 11 p. m. 29.811 29. 865 29. 999 30. 057 29. 842 29. 769 29. 626 29. 457 29. 552 29. 669 29. 963 29. 905 29. 821 29. 574 29. 631 29.443 29. 516 29. 701 29. 823 29. 821 29.011 20. 945 29. 857 29. 690 29. 762 29. 720 29. 825 30. 001 29. 909 29. 863 29. 730 29.814 29. 666 30.019 30. 050 29. S43 20. 707 29. 032 29. 47S 29. 543 29. 609 29. SCO 29. 892 20. 701 29. 577 29. 616 29.438 29. 531 29. 759 29. 822 29. 802 29.911 29. 937 29. S3 7 29. 690 29. 759 29. 720 29. S28 30. 073 29. 966 29. .855 29. 724 12 m. 29. 821 29.876 30. 023 30. 059 29. S24 29. 700 29. 621 20.475 29. 549 29. 704 29.961 29. 905 29. 763 29. 577 29. 611 29. 437 29. 547 29. 760 29. 821 29. 823 20. OOG 29. 943 29. 805 29. 688 29. 765 29.710 29. 850 30. 084 29. 901 29.S34 29. 606 ; Daily means. 29. 81 S 29. 847 29. 946 30.059 29. 942 29. 7S2 29. 702 29. 319 29. 325 29. 622 29. £66 29. 930 29. 80S 29. 022 29. 632 29. 511 29.460 29. 093 29. 802 20. S57 29. 853 29. 928 29. 922 29. 731 20.701 29. 748 29. 773 30. 00O 30.042 29.011 29. 801 ilax. 29. 833 29. 876 30. 023 30. 082 30. 058 29. 822 20. 775 20.012 29. 552 29. 704 29. 906 29. 9S9 29. 898 29.739 29. 656 29. 593 29. 047 29. 762 29. S23 29. S54 29.011 29. 952 29. 981 20. 787 20.705 20.777 ! 29. 830 i 30.001 30.09$ 29. 904 39. 647 Min. 29. 806 29.817 29. S74 30. 027 29. 824 29. 760 29. 621 29. 457 29. 469 20. 551 20. 71.1 29. 883 29. 703 29. 562 29. 581 29. 437 29.429 29. 572 29. 756 29. 802 29. 795 20. 808 20. 805 29. 688 29. 643 29.710 29. 717 20. 855 29. 961 20. 851 29. 696 I Range. .027 .059 .149 .055 .234 .002 .154 .155 .083 .106 .135 .177 .075 .158 .US .190 .089 .052 .116 . 054 .176 .099 .122 . 007 .133 .230 .137 .110 .151 29. 788 1 29. 7S7 29. 7S.3 29.7.87! 29.786: 29. 783 ' : 29.7SO ! 29.7*0 ' 29.767' 29.845; 29.720 214 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAPKOW, ALASKA. Tables showing pressure of air at TJglaamie from October, 1881, to Aiigust, 1883 — Continued. [Barometer above sea, 17 l'eet. "Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. (5 a. m. 7 a. m. 8 a.m. 9 a. ni. 10 a. m. 11 a. ni. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p. in. 1S82. Aug. 1... 29. GS0 29. G7G 29. 6G2 29. G44 29. 054 29. GCG 29. 074 29. G69 29. 009 29. G7G 29. 600 29. 070 29. 066 29. 069 Aug. 2... 29. 0S4 29. G79 29. 684 29. 079 29. 67G 29. 009 29. 059 29. 64 S 20. 035 29. 614 29. 601 29. 581 29. 557 29. 536 Aug. 3... 29. 372 29. 377 29. 404 29.424 29. 417 29. 466 29.487 29. 503 29. 523 29. 540 29. 552 29. 578 29. 591 29. C21 Aug. 4... 29. 75G 29. 7G0 29. 7G2 29. 759 29. 701 29. 747 29. 739 29. 721 29. 709 29. 69S 29. 694 29. 706 29. 729 29. 751 Aug. 5-.. 29. 980 29. 990 29. 987 30. 005 30.018 30. 024 30. 042 30. 043 30. 052 30.055 30. 055 30. 039 30. 025 30. 025 Aug. G... 29. 703 29. 720 29. G97 29. 6S7 29. GS4 29. 657 29. 052 29. 055 29. 051 29. 651 29.049 29. 641 29. 038 29. 020 Aug. 7... 29. 545 29. 541 29. 535 29. 545 29. 593 29. 627 29. 630 29. 655 29. 60S 39. 6S2 29. 092 29.713 29. 738 29. 7G3 Aug. 8... 29. 815 29. 815 29. S13 29. 815 29. S20 29. 812 29. 801 29. 791 29. 774 29. 748 29. 734 29. 690 29. 049 29. G21 Aug. 0... 29. 417 29. 397 29. 402 29. 405 29. 410 29. 408 29. 409 29. 400 29. 390 29. 387 29. 372 29. 372 29. 306 29. 363 Aug. 10... 20. 65S 29. GG2 29. 075 29. 0S3 29. 690 29. 677 29. 666 29. 051 29. 620 29. 601 29. 576 2ft 554 29. 528 29. 506 Aug. 11... 29. 320 29. 30G 29. 300 29. 2S2 29. 272 29. 209 29. 259 29. 244 29. 235 29. 221 29. 205 29. 195 29. 190 29. 204 Aug. 12... 29. 194 29.193 20. 206 29.213 29. 230 29. 241 29. 253 29. 2G7 29. 282 29. 2f 3 29. 300 29. 325 29. 349 29. 384 Aug. 13... 29. G84 29. 099 29. 722 29. 74 G 29. 776 29. 787 29. 804 29. 814 29. S17 29.820 29. 830 29. S3S 29. 845 29. 805 Aug. 14... 29. 900 29. 901 29. 90S 29. 910 29. 91S 29. 925 29.914 29. 915 29. 913 29. 907 29. 900 29. 896 29. S90 29. 888 Aug. 15... 29. 855 29. 803 29.801 29. 835 29. 865 29. 865 29. 855 29. 850 29. 845 29. 835 29. 833 29. 824 29. 826 29. 818 Aug. 10... 29. 790 29. 79G 29. 802 29. 80G 29. 821 29. S30 29. 830 29.831 29.840 29. S4G 29. 85G 29. SGI 29. SG7 29. 879 Aug. 17... 29. 921 £9. 931 29. 933 29. 954 29. 955 29. 950 29. 955 29. 949 29. 952 29. 952 29. 913 29. 940 29. 934 29. 934 Aug. 18... 29. SG3 29. SG3 29. SC6 29. 866 29. 860 29. 869 29. S70 29. S61 29. S54 29. S53 29. 84S 29. 848 29.851 29. 855 Aug. 19... 29. 827 20. 828 29. S25 29. 821 29. 831 29. 831 29. 831 29. 825 29. S20 29. 828 29. 835 29. 837 29. S37 29. 833 Aug. 20... 29. 780 29. 778 29. 770 29. 772 29. 780 29. 770 29. 762 29. 700 29. 757 29. 753 29. 753 29. 757 29. 772 29. 757 Aug. 21... 29. 793 29. S05 29.810 29.810 29. 831 29. S32 29. 836 29. 828 29. 830 29. 830 29. 833 29. 833 29.834 29. 827 Aug. 22... 29. 845 29. 847 29.804 29. 859 29. 871 2<)! 871 29. 876 29. 873 29. S73 29. 872 29. S72 29. 880 29. 887 29. 890 Aug. 23... 29. S3C 29. 831 29. 831 29. 831 29.833 29. 830 29. 824 29. 832 29. S40 29. 848 29. S55 29. 850 29. 861 29. 871 Aug. 24... 29. 898 29. S9S 29. 900 20. 900 29. 907 29. 906 29. 906 29. 900 29. 899 29. 892 29. 880 29. 875 29. 867 29.S64 Aug. 25... 29. 828 29. 830 29. 828 29. S28 29. 834 29. 833 29. 837 29. 807 29. 795 29. 785 29. 780 29. 780 29. 780 29. 780 Aug. 26... 29. 805 29. S15 29. 827 29. 840 29. 855 29. S63 29. 863 29. S73 29. 883 29. 898 29. 900 29. 90S 29. 927 29. 93G Aug. 27... 30. 036 ?0. 050 30. 059 30. 060 30. 0G7 30. 0S0 30. 079 30. 074 30. 073 30. 077 30. 077 30. 07S 30. 089 30. 092 Aug. 28... 39. 102 30. 110 30. 131 30. 134 30. 139 30. 139 30. 13S 30. 136 30.135 30.134 30. 12S 30. 12S 30. 126 39. 123 Aug. 29... 30. 023 30. 03G 30. 041 30. 029 30. 032 30.022 30. 016 30. 009 30. 011 30. 010 29. 991 29. 988 29. 97S 29. 978 Aug. 30... 29. 935 29. 946 29. 901 29. 903 29. 980 29. 990 29. 996 30. 004 30. 017 30. 023 30. 034 30. 042 30. 041 30. 063 Aug. 31... 30. 171 30. 186 30. 204 30. 20S 30. 22S 30. 243 30. 247 30. 257 30. 26S 30. 282 30. 293 30. 30G 30. 30S 30. 313 Means .. 29.775 29. 778 29. 7S3 29. 7S5 29. 795 29. 797 29. 797 29. 795 29. 795 29. 794 29. 792 29. 792 29. 792 29. 795 Date. 3 p. m. i p. m. o p. m. p. ni. 1 p. m. S p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max. Min. Eange. 1882. Aug. 1.. Aug. 2. . Aug. 3.. Aug. 4.. Aug. 5 . . Aug. 0.. Aug. 7 . . Aug. 8.. Aug. 9.. Aug. 10. . Aug. 11.. Aug. 12.. Aug. 13.. Aug. 14.. Aug. 15.. Aug. 16.. Aug. 17.. Aug. IS.. Aug. 19.. Aug. 20.. Aug. 21.. Aug. 22. . Aug. 23.. Aug. 24.. Aug. 25. . Aug. 26.. Aug. 27.. Aug. 28. . Aug. 29.. Aug. 30.. Aug. 31.. Moans . . 29. 6G9 29. 522 29. 63S 29. 769 30. 017 29. 629 29. 795 29. 589 29. 355 29. 480 29. 190 29.414 29. S73 29. S91 29. 821 29. 882 29. 931 29. 859 29. 828 29. 759 29.831 29. 875 29. 87S 29. S67 29. 7S3 29. 944 30. 101 30. Ill 29. 904 30. 07G 30. 327 29. G64 29. 502 29. 656 29. 793 29. 992 29. 615 29. 782 29. 504 29. 355 29. 405 29. 193 29. 439 29. 87S 29. 891 29. 800 29. 884 29.931 29. 851 29. 836 29. 759 29.836 29. 872 29. SS7 29. S65 29. 776 29. 958 30. 104 30. 107 29. 907 30. 089 30. 341 29. 607 29. 493 29. 074 29. 813 29. 9G4 29. 602 29. 779 29. 547 29. 3S7 29.455 29. 198 29. 474 29. 879 29. S8C 29. 794 29. 8S2 29. 924 29. 84S 29. 821 29. 759 29. 83S 29. 872 29. 8S9 29. 862 29. 770 29. 968 30. 100 30. 100 29. 9G9 30. 107 30. 350 29. 601 29. 463 29. 691 29. 843 29. 932 29. 594 29. 772 29. 524 25.435 29. 449 29. 195 29. 497 29. 883 29. 884 29. 786 29. 884 29. 911 29. 814 29. 809 29. 763 29. 843 29. 874 29. 885 29. 857 29. 774 29. 974 30. 10S 30. 096 29. 952 30. 117 30.355 29. 071 29. 445 29. 711 29. S62 29. 914 29. 593 29. 770 29. 512 29. 481 29. 425 29. 193 29. 530 29. 893 29. 889 29. 791 29. 894 29. 89G 29. 846 29.812 29. 701 29. 839 29. 872 29. S93 29. 853 29.777 29. 975 30. 101 30. OSS 29. 917 30.119 30. 354 29. 077 29. 432 24. 732 29. 890 29. 974 29. 592 29. 793 29. 499 29. 539 29. 407 29. 185 29. 577 29. 900 29. 8S9 29. 786 29. 900 29. S99 29. S42 29. 802 29. 7GG 29. S31 29. S07 29. 890 29. 850 29. 783 29. 985 30. 102 30. 077 29.911 30. 12G 30. 347 29. 07S 29. 412 29. 739 29. 908 29. 842 29. 582 29. 813 29.492 29. 5S4 29. 373 29. 188 29. 599 29. 899 29. SS0 29. 801 29. 905 29. 886 29. 839 29. 802 29. 776 29. 829 29. 865 29. S96 29. S49 29. 780 29. 994 30. 100 30. 066 29. 942 3D. 133 30. 34 G 29. G79 29. 390 29. 750 29. 920 29. 806 29. 575 29. 823 29. 464 29. 619 29. 303 29. 193 29 621 29. 897 29. 8G7 29. 799 29. 905 29. 88G 29. 837 29. 792 29. 779 29. 841 29. 850 29. 895 29.844 29. 783 29. 99S 30. 10G 30. 009 29. 940 30.154 30. 320 29. 080 29. 376 29. 752 29. 940 29. 769 29. 572 29. 821 29. 446 29. 027 29. 335 29.181 29. 651 29. 903 29. 801 29. 779 29. 90S 29. 873 29. 827 29. 788 29. 788 29. 830 29. 84 S 29. 902 29. S3G 29. 785 30. 018 30.118 30. 061 29. 945 30.172 30. 327 29. 684 29. 359 29. 754 29. 957 29. 737 2ft 559 29. 823 29. 432 29. 046 29. 320 29. 18S 29. 063 29. S95 29. 852 29. 781 29. 911 29. SGG 29. 820 29. 775 29. 787 29. 837 29. 845 29. 887 29. 82S 29. 794 30. 028 30. 115 30. 04S 29. 943 30. 188 30. 332 29. 070 29.551 29. 583 29. 791 29. 970 29. 634 29. 705 29. 657 29. 439 29. 535 29.22H 29.383 29. S31 29. 895 29. 824 29. 859 29. 926 29. 852 29. S20 29. 707 29. 829 29. 868 29.862 29. 870 29. 797 29.918 30. 086 30. 1 10 29. 98C 30. 053 30.28S 29. 084 29. 684 29. 754 29. 957 30. 055 29. 720 29. 823 29. 820 29. 040 29. 090 29. 320 29. 603 29. 903 29. 927 29. 865 29.911 29. 956 29. S70 29. 837 29. 788 29. S43 29.890 29. 902 29. 907 29. 837 30. 028 30.118 30. 139 30.041 30. 188 30.355 29. 044 29.359 29. 372 29. 694 29. 737 29. 559 29. 535 29. 432 29. 355 29. 320 29.181 29. 193 29. 0S4 29. 852 29. 779 29. 790 '.'9. 866 29. S20 29. 775 29. 753 29.793 29 845 29. S24 29. 828 29. 77 1 29.803 30.030 30. 04S •J!) 910 29. <:■:::, 3.1.171 .040 .325 .382 .263 .318 .161 .288 . 388 .291 .370 .139 .470 . 219 .075 . 0S6 . 121 . 090 . 050 . 102 . 035 .050 . 045 . 078 .079 .003 . 223 . 082 .091 . Iftt l-:4 29. 790 29. 795 29. 790 29. 795 29. 797 29.803 29. 800 29. 799 29. 798 29.795 ! 29.793 !9. 875 29. 700 EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 215 Tables shoioing pressure of air at Uglaamic from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Barometer ahovo sen. 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local lime, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. in. 2 a. in. 3 a. in. 4 a. in. .3 a. in. (1 a. in. i a. in. S a. in. i) a. in. 10 a. in. 11 a. m. j 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p. in. 1SS2. Sept. 1... Sept. 2... 30. 321 30. 322 30.314 30.313 30.315 30.313 30. 322 30.336 30.340 30.301 30. 300 30. 300 30. 386 30. 406 30.430 30. 42S 30. 42G 30. 420 30. 44G 30.441 30. 440 30. 432 30.430 30. 424 30.412 30. 304 30. 378 30. 307 Sept. 3... Sept, 4... Sept. 5... Sept. C... 30. 200 30. 200 30. 183 30.177 30.170 30.171 30. 102 30. 158 30. 147 Oil. 140 30.149 30.140 30. 127 30. 122 30.040 30. 048 30. 030 30.051 30. 04S 30. 044 30. 040 30. 031 30. 027 30. 027 20.1)30 30. 024 30. 025 30. 025 20. 023 20. 034 20. 024 20.012 20.010 20. 805 20. S87 20. 875 20. S50 20. 820 20. 830 20. SI 8 29. 804 29. 789 20. 049 20. G47 20. 044 20. 027 20. 023 29.611 24.010 20. C09 20. 501 29. 5SG 20. 587 29. 581 29. 5G3 29. 568 Sept. 7... 20. 57S 20. GOG 20. COO 20.011 29. 634 20. 030 20. G42 20. 047 20. 050 20. G04 20. COO 29. 672 29. 677 20. 679 Sept. 8... 20. 78.3 29. 703 29 807 20. SIS 29.830 20. 835 2,1.827 20. 825 20. 842 29. 84G 20. 854 20. 8G1 20. 801 29. 863 Sept, !)... 29. 878 29. 888 20. S82 20. 80S 20. 002 20. 007 20. 913 20. 010 20.012 20. 015 20. 007 20. 905 27. 807 29. 893 Sept. 10... 29.818 29. 807 20. 794 29. 787 20. 782 29. 772 20. 7G0 20.740 20. 720 20,717 20. 705 29. G87 29. G6S 29. 652 Sept. 11... 20. . St, -j 20. 540 20. 5 a 20. 552 20. 518 20. 54G 20. 543 20. 541 20.545 20. 549 29.553 29. 549 29. 543 29. 543 Sept. 12... 20. GOG 20. Gil 20. 012 20.021 20. 03G 29.644 29. G44 20. 010 20. 004 29. 6G7 20. 674 29. GS1 29. 681 29. 684 Sept. 13... 29.699 20. 004 20. GOG 20. 702 20.712 20. 714 29.719 20. 722 20.721 20.720 20. 722 20. 725 29.718 29.714 Sept. 14... 20. 704 20. 7H7 20. 707 20. 703 29.714 29.714 20. 71G 20.718 20. 725 20. 722 20. 710 20. 731 29. 736 29. 741 Sept. 15... 20. 812 20.817 20. 830 29.834 29.837 20. 829 20. 829 20. 827 20. 830 2!). 827 29.815 20. 823 29.817 20. 823 Sept. 16... 20. GOO 29. 005 20. 070 20.810 29. 041 20. 031 29. GOO 20.581 29. 500 29. 543 29. 521 20. 401 20. 478 29. 385 Sept. 17... 29.213 20.214 20. 180 20. 174 20.151 29. 130 20. 125 20. 095 20. OSG 20. 072 20. 005 20. 048 29.030 29.030 Sept. 18... 20.].':;; 29. 100 20. 150 20. 1 50 20. 185 20. 105 20. 2115 20. 210 20. 227 20. 230 20. 230 20.241 29. 241 29. 248 Sept. 1!)... 29.300 20. 301 29.320 29.334 29. 352 29. 3S0 29:399 20. 414 29. 434 20. 450 29. 4G4 29. 486 29. 50G 29.518 Sept. 20... 20. 702 20. 808 20. 833 29.860 20.010 29. 940 29. 955 20. 980 29. 99G 30.012 30. 030 30. 052 30. OCG 30. 081 Sept, 21 . . . 30. 004 30. 053, 30. 036 30. 036 RO. 025 30.010 30. Oil 30. 004 20. 002 29. 001 20. 982 29. 980 20. 957 29. 945 Sept. 22... 29.913 29. 91S 20. 020 20. 023 20, 929 20. 030 29. 939 20. 030 29. 946 20. 952 29. 048 29. 956 29. 952 29. 952 Sept. 23... 20. 040 21). 939 29. 945 29.943 20. 053 29. 030 29. 915 29. 001 29. 892 20. SSO 20. SCO 20. S02 29. 835 29. 813 Sept. 24... 20. 021 29. G37 29.631 29.606 20. 500 20. 570 20. 502 29. 543 29. 541 29. 528 29. 521 20. 514 29. 494 20. 489 Sept. 25... 20. G2t 20. 657 20. GTS 29.701 20. 743 20. 773 29. 793 29. 820 20. 83G 29. 85S 20. 880 29. 804 20. 900 20. 905 Sept. 20... 2!'. 955 20. 057 20. 050 20.052 20. 053 29. 050 29. 037 29. 923 20.012 29. 897 29. 808 20. 847 29. 821 20. 809 Sept, 27... 20.018 20. 953 20.013 29. 945 20. 9GG 20. 005 29. 94S 20. 048 20. 035 20. 01S 20. 013 29. 901 20. SSO 20. 876 Sept. 28.. . 20. 777 20. 773 29. 7G7 29.767 20. 775 20.782 29. 783 20. 777 20. 789 20. 70S 29. 801 29. 820 20. 829 29. 841 Sept. 29... 20. 851 20. 8S0 211.015 20. 030 20. 070 20. 002 29. 985 20. 088 29. 988 29. 993 30. 000 30. 000 20. 008 30. 000 Sept. 30... 30. 0G2 30. 0GG 30. 057 30. 007 30. 052 30, 032 30. 007 29. 984 20. 072 29. 940 29. 918 29. 895 29. 864 29. 830 Means.. 20. 705 29. 802 20. 801 29.N10 29.810 29. MO 20. 808 29. 805 29. 805 20. S02 29. 700 29. 79S 29. 791 29. 780 Date. 3 p. in. 4 p. in. 5 p. m. ti ]). in. 7 p. m. S p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m Daily means. Max. Min. Eanire. 1SS2. Sept. 1.. Sept. 2.. Sept. 3 . . Sept. 4.. Sept. 5.. Sept. . Sept. 7.. Sept. 8.. Sept. 9.. Sept. 10.. Sept. 11.. Sept. 12.. Sept. 13.. Sept, 14.. Sept, 15.. Sept. 1G.. Sept. 17.. Sept. 18.. Sept. 10.. Sept. 20.. Sept. 21.. Sept. 22.. Sept. 23 . . Sept. 24.. Sept. 25, Sept. 26.. Sept, 27.. Sept. 28 . Sept. 29.. Sept. 30.. Means . 30. 412 30. 057 30.110 30. 02G 29. 779 29. 574 20. 004 20. S73 29. S8S 29. G41 29. 044 29. 690 29.719 29. 74 S 29. 815 29. 372 29. 035 20. 250 29. 557 30. 088 20. 034 29. 05G 20. S04 29. 477 20.017 29. 770 29. S6S 29. SU 30.015 29. 7SG 20. 785 30. 420 30. 344 30.110 30. 030 29. 701 29. 503 29. 702 29. S70 29. 883 20. 020 29. 540 29. 697 20.721 29. 765 29.810 20. 377 29. 043 29.259 20.581 30. 105 29. 030 29. 951 29.701 20. 477 29. 933 29. 768 29. 802 29. 834 30. 028 29. 704 20. 780 30. 429 30.334 30. 110 30. 024 29. 755 20. 57 L 20.714 20. SSO 20. SSI 29. 019 29. 5G4 29. 702 20. 720 20. 782 20. 805 20.401 20. 053 20.810 30. 040 29. 748 30. 430 30.319 30. 104 30.017 20. 740 20.571 20. 721 20. 880 20.803 20. OKI 29. 567 29. 702 29.729 20. 780 20. 708 20. 374 29. 070 20. 275 20. 034 30.110 20.021 29.054 29. 755 29. 500 20. 947 20.777 20.841 29. 807 30.000 20.731 20.7S9 i 29.787 30. 438 30. 298 30. 100 30.006 29. 72S 29. 571 29. 734 29. 882 29. 855 29. 600 20. 577 20. 697 29. 729 29. 792 29. 702 29.352 29. 078 2:i. 271 29. C50 30. 100 20.021 29. 959 20. 740 20. 510 29. 950 29. 805 20. S24 20. 703 30. 06S 20. G97 29. 784 30.430 30. 272 30. 002 20. 996 29. 710 29. 571 29. 752 29. SSO 29. S49 29. 580 29. 584 29. 695 29. 724 29. 7SS 20. 777 29. 319 29. 070 29. 208 20. 681 30. 003 20. 020 29. 959 20.720 20. 528 29. 954 20. 838 20. 814 30.452 30. 250 30. 090 20. 973 29. GS8 29. 582 29. 757 29. S83 29. 819 29. 572 29. 5S4 20. 710 29. 710 29. S00 29. 773 29. 292 29. 078 29. 2G4 29. 705 30. 082 20. 027 2!). 057 29. 700 20. 550 20 959 20. 801 2!). SCO 20.703 ; 20.700 30.064 30.065 20.009 i 29.644 30. 450 30. 241 30. 082 20. 961 29. 683 29. 582 29. 763 29. 879 29. 834 29. 564 29. 59S 29. 699 29. 712 29. 791 29. 747 29. 2S0 29. 089 20. 2GG 29. 730 30. 0S6 20.010 29. 056 29. 090 29. 558 29. 050 29. 880 20.703 29. 809 30. 071 29. 007 30.443 30. 224 30. 077 20. 055 29. 666 29. 582 29. 770 29. 890 29. 820 29. 555 29. 60G 29. 704 29. 711 29. SOO 29. 737 20. 255 20. 008 20. 283 20. 744 30. 07S 29.911 29. 955 29. 0S1 29. 588 20. 058 20.001 20. 7S4 29.831 30. 081 20. 504 30. 448 30.210 30. 070 29. 945 29. 650 29. 592 29. 784 29. 892 29. 827 29. 549 20. GOS 29. 707 20. 710 20.709 29. 720 29. 245 29. 117 29. 291 29. 700 30. COG 20. 904 29. 953 20. 665 29.021 29. 9G3 29.918 20. 775 29. 843 30. OSS 29. 594 30.381 30. 364 30.134 30.018 29. 806 20.501 29. 081 29. S53 29. S82 29. 681 29. 559 29. 669 29. 716 29. 746 29. 805 29. 484 29.099 29. 230 29.514 30. 010 29. 972 20! 940 29. 830 29. 54 S 29. 850 20. 876 20. 884 20. 802 30.004 20. 859 30.152 30.440 30. 200 30. 051 29. 934 29.G49 29. 784 29. 892 29. 915 29. 818 20. GOS 29. 710 29. 729 29. 800 20. 837 20. GOO 20. 214 29. 291 20. 7GG 30. 110 30. 064 20. 059 29. 949 29. 637 29. 903 20. 057 29. 960 20. 843 20. 085 30. 006 30. 313 30. 210 30. 070 20. 045 20. 650 20. 503 20. 578 29. 785 29. 82G 29.549 29. 541 20. 506 29. 694 29. 703 29. 720 20. 245 29.030 29. 133 29. 300 29. 792 29. 904 29. 913 29. 063 29. 477 29. 624 29. 768 20. 775 20. 767 29.851 29. 594 .139 .236 .130 .100 .284 .086 .200 .107 .089 .209 .067 .114 .035 .097 .117 .454 .184 .158 .466 .318 .160 .040 .2S4 .160 . 339 .189 .101 . 076 .234 .472 2! 1. 782 29.77<> 29.776 ! 29.777 ! 29.793 29. 086 216 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW. ALASKA. Tables showing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1831, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Barometer above sea, 17 i'eet. "Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. in, 3 a. in. i a. m. 5 a. m. 6 a. m. 7 a. m. S a. m. a. in. 10 a.m. 11 a. m. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p. in. 1SS2. Oct. 1.... 29. 021 29.590 29. 5S1 29. 570 29. 583 39. 571 29.561 29. 568 29. 578 29. 5S3 29. 59S 29. 593 29. 600 29. 024 Oct. ,%.... 29. 071 29. 070 29. 093 29. 091 29. 710 29. 729 29. 730 29. 73 1 29. 733 29. 734 29. 74S 29. 754 29. 762 29.774 Oct. 3.... 29. 904 29. 907 29. 940 29. 950 29. 973 29. 980 29. 994 30. 001 30. 005 30. 014 30. 021 30. 023 30.029 30.034 Oct. 4.... 30. 012 30. 000 30. 007 30. 006 30. 010 30. 005 29. 995 29. 994 29. 987 29. 9S1 20. 988 'jo. 980 29. '175 29. 972 Oct. 5.-.. 29. 8S2 29. 878 29. 880 29. 871 29. S5S 29. 843 29. 829 29. 804 29. 780 29. 702 29. 743 29. 724 29. 709 29. 09.8 Oct. 0.... 29. 049 29. 003 29. 070 29. 076 29. 093 29. 098 29. 704 29. 710 29. 7 i 5 29. 720 29. 743 29. 74S 29. 749 29. 700 Oct, 7.... 29. 997 29. 923 ■J.). 920 29. 933 29. 950 29. 970 29. 970 29. 9G7 29. 971 29. 970 29. 974 29. 97S 29. 973 29. 977 Oct. 8.... £9. 900 29. 969 29.909 29. 971 29. 980 29. 981 29. 978 29. 96S 29. 970 29. 907 29. 974 29. 970 29. 973 29. 978 Oct. 9.... 29. 988 29. 995 29. 9S5 29. 990 29. 997 29. 990 29. 994 29. 9S3 29. 975 29. 971 29. 975 29. 972 29. 971 29. 963 Oct. 10.... 29. 903 29. 903 29. 900 29. 966 29. 978 29. 985 29. 985 29. 985 29. 9S2 29. 985 29. 985 29. 979 29. 974 29. 9S0 Oct. 11.... 30. 001 30.011 30. 000 30. 019 30. 02S 30. 035 30. 033 30. 033 30. 036 30. 038 30. 03G 30. 034 30. 033 30. 031 Oct. 12 ... . 30. 131 30. 130 30. 141 30. 150 30. 172 30. 177 30. 180 30. 187 30. 196 30. 205 30. 217 30. 213 30. 212 30. 212 Oct. 13.... 30. 152 30. 145 30. 1-17 30. 123 30. 127 30.117 30.103 30. 090 30. 078 30. 065 30. 04S 30. 031 30.018 30. 006 Oct. 14.... 29. 830 29. 846 29. 826 29. 811 29.816 29. 813 29. 809 29. S00 29. 79S 29. 794 29. 791 29. 777 29. 773 29. 708 Oct. 15.... 29. 783 29. 793 29. S04 29. S04 29. S04 29. 809 29. 825 29. 828 29. 839 29. 841 29. 845 29. 855 29. 805 29. 873 Oct, 16.... 29. 964 29. 973 29. 972 29.979 29. 993 30. 001 30. 000 30. OOG 30. 009 30. 009 30. 017 30.014 30.043 30. 004 Oct. 17..-. 29. 947 29. 953 29. 944 29. 932 29. 939 29. 931 29. 918 ' 29. 90S 29. 897 29. 882 29. 8G9 29. 865 29. 858 •JO. 844 Oct, IS.... 29. 739 29. 744 29.7-19 29. 719 29.712 29. 742 29. 737 29. 730 29. 742 29. 745 29. 745 29. 7 15 29.742 29. 738 Oct, 19.... 29. 750 29. 773 29. 703 29. 771 29. 781 29. 783 29.784 29. 7S1 29. 780 29. 781 29. 790 29.781 29. 770 29. 773 Oct. 21).... 29. 734 29. 730 29. 722 29. 722 29. 721 29.721 29.721 29.719 29. 720 29. 716 29.710 29. 711 29. 71 2 29. 714 Oct, 21.... 29. 745 29. 755 29. 707 29. 759 29. 709 29. 773 29. 77S 29. 773 29. 775 29. 775 29. 770 29. 707 29.701 29. 750 Oct. 22.... 29. 733 29. 741 29.731! 29. 741 29. 755 29. 745 29. 743 29. 733 29. 737 29. 732 29. 733 29. 736 29. 730 29. 720 Oct, 23 ... . 29. 077 29. 680 29. 674 29. 071 29. GS9 29. 086 29. G77 29.669 29. 667 29. 6GS 29. 667 29. 007 29. 009 29. 674 Oct, 24.... 29. 708 29. 707 29. 709 29. 720 29. 729 29. 729 29. 729 29. 734 29. 741 29.748 29. 754 29. 754 27. 757 29. 760 Oct. 25.... 29. 707 £9. 784 £9. 7.-13 29. 788 29. 799 29. SOS 29. 79S 29. SOS 29. SOS 29. SOS 29. S10 29. 814 29. S12 29. 811 Oct. 20.... 29. S49 29. 842 29. 849 29. 862 29. 879 29. 883 29. SS3 29. 8S4 29. 893 29. 895 29. 895 29. 893 29. S97 29. 894 Oct, 27.... 29. S46 29/852 29. S52 29. 859 29. 805 29. 802 29. S59 29. 853 29. 856 29. 850 29. SSI 29. S52 29. 853 29. 859 Oct. 28.... 29. .-.61 29. 871 29. SSI 29. S83 29. S94 29. S99 29. 904 29. 914 29. 925 29. 92G 29. 933 29. 937 29. 941 29. 943 Oct. 29.... 30. 028 30. 035 30. 02S 30. 030 30. 048 30. 05G 30. 058 30. 071 30. 073 30. 086 30. 080 30. 095 30. 097 30. 098 Oct, 30 30. 077 30. 100 30. 092 30. 092 30. 105 30. 096 30. 092 30. 073 30. 055 30. 028 29. 994 29. 955 29. S9S 29. 802 Oct. 31.... 29. S24 29. 826 29. 821 29.836 29. 827 29. 811 20.87S 29. 794 29. 773 29. 757 29. 753 29. 744 29. 735 29. 732 29. 728 Sloans .. 29. 862 29. S07 4 p. m. 29. S07 29. S69 29.S78 29. 877 29. 874 29. 874 29. S72 29. S73 29. 869 29. SG7 29. 865 Date. 3 ii. m. 3 p. m. 6 p.m. 7 p. m. S p. m. !) p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p. in. Daily means. Max. Min. Eange. 1S82. Oct. 1.... 29. 031 29. 051 29. 006 29. 672 29. GG1 29. GG1 29. 077 29. 072 29. 068 29. G68 29.620 29. 077 2!U64 .113 Oct. 2.... 29. 791 29. 806 29. 823 29. 82S 29. S47 29. S50 29. 864 29. S74 29. SS9 29. 904 29. 770 29. 904 29. 070 .234 Oct. 3.... 30. 045 30. 04G 30. 047 30. 037 30. 037 30. 028 30. 029 30. 020 30. 020 30. 020 30. 004 30. 047 29. 904 . 143 Oct. 4.... 29. 973 29. 974 29. 977 29. 969 29. 951 29. 939 29. 931 29. 923 29. 909 29. 904 29. 974 30.016 29. 904 .112 Oct. 5.... 29. 082 29. 077 29. 632 29. 652 29. 639 29. 629 29. 645 29. 641 29. G45 29. 052 29. 741 29. 852 29. 029 .253 Oct, G.... 29. 7S1 29. 796 29. 809 29. 814 29.S39 29. 841 29. 800 29. S76 29. S94 29. 913 29. 7G4 29.913 29. 049 . 204 Oct. 7.... 29. 974 29. 975 29. 977 29. 979 29. 9S0 29. 969 29. 970 29. 969 29. 973 29. 972 29. 963 29. 980 29. 907 .1173 Oct. 8.... 20. 983 29. 985 29. 98S 29. 988 29. 9SS 29. 973 29. 982 29. 982 29. 994 • 29.999 29. 978 29. 999 29. 900 .033 Oct, 9... 29. 900 29. 959 29. 939 29. 95S 29. 955 29. 962 29. 959 29. 959 29. 971 29. 971 29. 974 29. 997 .042 Oct, 10.... 29. 98S 29. 997 30. 002 29. 994 29. 995 29. 999 30. 000 30. 001 30. 011 30. 013 29. 9S6 30. 013 29. 903 .050 Oct. 11.... 30. 043 30. 050 30. 060 30. 069 30. 074 30. 080 30.089 30. 107 30.115 30. 12G 30. 049 30. 126 30.001 .125 Oct. 12.... 30. 215 30.216 30. 212 30.217 30.211 30. 195 30. 18S 30. 177 30. 17S 30. 173 30.1SS 30.217 30.131 .086 Oct. 13.... 29. 99G 29. 974 29. 95S 29. 948 29. 928 29. 90G 29. 903 29. 877 29. 85G 29. 857 30.019 30.152 29. 850 . 290 Oct. 14.... 29. 764 29. 763 29. 747 29. 747 29. 747 29. 751 29. 745 29. 756 29. 766 29. 765 29. 783 29. 840 29. 745 .101 Oct. 15.... 29. SS6 . 29. S92 29. 895 29. 907 29. 920 29. 923 29. 928 29. 940 29. 953 29. 90S 29. 860 29. 90S 29. 78:: .185 Oct, 10... . 30. 005 30. 021 30. 010 29. 999 29. 991 29. 981 29. 982 29. 974 29. 973 29. 968 29. 904 30. 021 29. 964 .057 Oct. 17.... 29. 834 29. S21 29. 813 29. 809 29. 804 29. 785 29. 773 29. 772 29. 768 29. 760 29. 859 29. 953 29. 760 .193 Oct. IS.... 29. 737 29. 735 29. 730 29. 742 29. 750 29. 757 29. 751 29. 75G 29. 764 29. 770 29. 745 29. 770 29. 730 .040 Oct. 19.... 29. 771 29. 7G9 29. 709 29. 762 29. 751 29. 745 29. 741 29. 741 29. 743 29. 73S 29. 707 29. 7P0 29. 73S .052 Oct. 20.... 29.719 29. 726 29. 732 29. 732 29. 732 29. 732 29. 732 29. 738 29. 740 29. 754 29. 720 29. 75 1 29.711 . 043 Oct. 21.... 29. 702 29. 760 29. 75S 29. 758 29. 758 29. 758 29. 751 29. 749 29. 747 29. 740 29. 7G2 29. 778 29.715 . 033 Oct. 22.... 29. 715 29. 710 29.716 29. 710 29. 717 29. 715 29. 711 29. 712 29. 702 29. 701 29. 720 29. 755 29. 702 . 053 Oct. 23.... 29. 687 29. 692 29. 694 29. 701 29. 706 29. 706 29. 709 29. 709 29. 709 29. 711 29. 086 29. 7.1 1 29. G67 .044 Oct. 24.... 29. 709 29. 774 29. 778 29. 780 29. 778 29. 774 29. 779 29. 779 29. 774 29. 778 29. 752 29. 780 29. 707 .073 Oct, 25.... 29.819 29. 820 29. 822 29. 827 29. 832 29. 836 29. 836 29. S55 29. 850 29. 854 29. 814 29.856 29. 707 . ii89 Oct. 20.... 29.891 29. 882 29. 892 29. 892 29. 882 29. 882 2!). 883 29. 87S 29. 875 29. 871 29. 880 29. 897 29. 812 . 055 Oct, 27.... 29. 854 29. 853 29. 851 29. 851 29. 853 29. S53 29. 866 29. 808 29. 808 29.869 29. 850 29. 809 29.846 . 023 Oct. 2S.... 29. 950 29. 970 29. 985 29. 990 29. 996 29. 999 30. 014 30. 015 30. 027 30. 038 29. 946 30. 038 29.861 .177 Oct, 29.... 30. 079 30. 078 30. 078 30.004 30. 003 30. 076 30. 083 30. OSS 30. 095 30.114 30. 071 30. 114 30. 028 .086 Oct, 30.... 29. S30 29. 795 29. 772 29. 763 29. 703 29. 772 2!). 790 29. 797 29. 805 29.816 29. 934 30. 10G 29. 763 . 343 Oct. 31.... 29. 732 29. 807 29. 751 29. 787 29. 799 29. 804 29. 795 29. 790 29. 709 29. 764 29. 739 29. 779 29. 836 29. 72S .108 Means .. 29. 869 ! 29. 870 29.870 29. 809 29. S67 1 29. 870 i 29. 870 1 29. 873 29. 875 29. 870 29. 92S 29.812 .116 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABTJOW, ALASKA, 217 Tables sltoioing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Barometer above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction I'or mean local time. —5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. ni. 2 :i. ui. 3 a, in . 4 a. m. 5 a. m. (J a. in. 7 a. in. S a. m. 9 a, m, 10 a. in. 11 a.m. 12 in. 1 p. m. * 2 p. m. 18S2. Nov. 1... 29. 721 29. 701 29. 070 29. G51 29. 031 29. 597 29. 5G5 29. 52.7 20.511 20. 487 20. 470 29. 457 29. 440 29. 431 29. 011 Nov. 2 29. 170 20. 4 no 20. 402 20. :,1() 29. 497 29, 505 29. 300 20.402 29. 407 20.4S9 29.491 29. 531 29. 571 :;... 29.031 30. 010 30.041 30. 004 30.088 30. 09G 30.088 30. 098 30. 100 30. 1 1 2 30, 108 30. 103 30. 090 30. 093 4... 30.119 30.113 30.119 30.1 18 30.127 30.132 30. 122 30.104 30. 000 30, ooo 30.083 30. 074 30. 071 30. 0G3 Nov. 29.950 29. 914 29. 951 29.954 29. 1U9 29.011 •JO. Oil 29. 02S 29. 922 20. 927 20.025 20. 029 29. 020 29. 921 Nov. u... 29.904 29. 899 29. 912 20. 920 29. 024 29. 931 20. 943 20. 94 8 29. 957 20. 003 20. 070 29. 991 30. 000 30. 008 Nov 7 30.111 30.110 30. 121 30. 117 30. US 30. 123 30.123 30.103 30.097 30. 089 30.071 30. 050 30. 044 30. 025 Nov. 8... 29. 7(17 29. 744 29. 738 29. 733 20.714 29. 704 29.696 20. G83 20. 083 29. 680 29. 689 20. 090 29. 700 2,0. 710 Nov. 0... 29. 760 29. 775 29. 755 20. 739 29. 724 29. 706 29. 003 29. GOO 29.013 20. 621 29. 589 29.562 29. 342 29. 519 Nov. 10... 29.294 29.305 •20. 30 1 2!'. 308 29.316 20. 324 20. 334 29. 354 29. 374 20. 406 20.43!) 20. 1.37 29. 470 29. 506 Nov. 1L... 2H.410 29. 439 29. 430 29.437 29. 428 29.429 20.420 29. 432 29. 430 29. 441 20.413 20. 453 20. 450 29. 473 Nov. 12... •20. 002 29. G83 20. 700 20. 739 29. 757 20. 7G1 20.777 29. 783 20. 788 20. 700 29. 70 ! 29. 703 20. 707 29. 798 Nov. 13... 29. 781 20, 781 29.797 29. 787 29. 805 29. 303 29. 806 29. 80G 20. -i„: 20. 807 29.812 20. 814 30. 822 29. 825 Nov. 14... 29.831 29, 843 29. 842 20. 847 29. 863 29. 855 29. 801 20. SGI 20. 8G3 29. 862 20. 860 20. 873 20. .,73 29. 8GG Nov. ].->... 29. *79 29. 880 29.876 29. 875 20. BG1 20. 8.74 29. 837 29. 820 29.81! 29. 795 20.777 20. 770 29. 70,3 29. 738 Nov. 16... •20. 00G 29. G07 29. 591 29. G01 29. 588 29.581 29. 371 29. 360 29. 5G4 20. 507 29. 53 1 20. 550 29. 502 29. 551 Nov. 17... 29. 551 20. 559 29. 554 20. 541 20. :,10 29. 513 29. .334 9.51 29. 402 20. 493 20. 481 20. 181 29. 409 20. 437 No v. IS... 29. 302 29. 395 29. 302 2p 3S4 29. 3S4 29. 302 20. 40.3 29. 400 20. 308 29. 397 29. 40S 20. 420 29.424 29. 42G Nov. 19... 29. 509 20. :.2 1 29.519 29. 538 20. 554 20. 563 29. 578 29. 599 29. G01 29. 009 20. 010 20. 030 331.03-1 29. 053 Nov. 20... ■20. 709 29.718 20.721 29. 720 29. 747 29, 745 29. 731 29. 702 20. 703 29. 771 29. 7.38 29. 764 20. 700 20. 770 Nov. 21... 29. 074 29. GOG 29. 034 29. 658 29. 628 29. GIG 29. 304 20. 584 20. 553 29. 544 20. .321 20. 403 29. ISO 20. 45S Nov. 22 29. 318 20. 309 20.315 20. 332 29.322 29. 332 20. 340 29. 353 29. 302 29. 378 20. 394 29.411 29.430 29.T125 20. 45 1 Nov. y> 29. 098 20.714 20. 739 29. 703 20. 791 20.700 29.S13 29. 835 29. 864 29. 875 29. 892 29. 912 29. 030 Nov. 24... 30.101 30.105 30.123 30.148 30. 162 30. 174 30. 18G 30. 104 30. 200 30.209 30.218 30. 228 30.320 30. 230 Nov. 25... 30.291 30.33G 30. 358 30. 304 30. 422 30. 445 30. 451 30.4SI 30. 491 30.493 30.498 DO. 498 30. 502 30. 500 Nov. 2G... 30. 440 30.440 30.442 30. 428 30.421 30. 400 30.377 30. 374 30. 33S 30. 340 30. 303 30. 293 30.260 30. 238 Nov. 27... 30.043 30. (140 30.014 . 30.017 30. 099 20. 07.3 29. 95S 29. 940 29. 911 20. 895 29. SG8 29. 856 29. S10 29. 838 Nov. 28... 29. 774 29. 790 29. 795 29. 799 29. 804 29. S14 20.S1G 29. S15 29. 818 29. 828 20. 8+7 29. 872 29. 886 29.801 Nov. 29... 30. 074 30. 000 20. 100 30.150 30.188 20.204 30. 212 30.219 30. 224 30. 230 30.224 30. 223 30. 220 20.221 Nov. ;;o . . . ans -- 30. 170 29.799 30. 144 30. 140 30. 124 30. 104 30. 087 30. 0G2 30.043 30. 024 30. 018 20. 90G 29. 979 20. 000 29. 9G4 Mi 29. 805 29. 808 29. 814 29.816 29. 814 29. 812 29. 810 29. 800 20. 807 20. S03 29. 800 20. S0G 29. 806 Date. 1882. Nov. 1. Nov. 2. Nov. '3. Nov. 4. Nov. 5. Nov. 6. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov Nov. 11... Nov. 12.. Nov. 13".. Nov. 14.. Nov. 15.. Nov. 16.. Nov. 17.. Nov. IS-. Nov. 19.. Nov. 20.. Nov. 21. . Nov. 22.. Nov. 23.. Nov. 24.. Nov. 25. . Nov. 26.. Nov. 27.. Nov. 28.. Nov. 29.. Nov. 30.. Means . .) p. in. 20. 430 20. 642 30. 100 30. 043 20.013 30. 021 30. 005 20. 729 29.484 20. 508 29. 430 29. 793 29. 837 20. 875 29. 728 29. 504 29. 424 29. 429 20.003 20. 77G 29.441 20.481 20. 900 30.244 30.503 30. 215 29. 829 29.014 30. 237 20. 936 20. 808 4 p. m. .) p. in. 29.443 29. G90 30.111 30. 022 20. S09 30. 033 20. 9SG 20. 74G 20. 465 29. 505 29. 500 29. 7SG 29. 834 20. SS4 ai.7io 20. 420 20.435 29. G74 29. 7.36 29. 427 29. 500 20. 975 30. 237 30. 500 30. 200 29. 821 20. 933 30. 2.55 29. 0.30 29. 800 20. 433 20. 722 30.114 30.014 29. 900 30. 052 29. 981 29. 750 20. 445 29. 502 29. 527 29. 793 29.841 29. 803 20. 700 20.512 29. 434 20. 113 29. 074 20.740 20. 4u7 29. 52G 29.001 30. 252 30.403 30.178 29. 807 29. 914 30.2(3 29. 042 (5 p. m. 29.438 29. 773 30.109 30. 007 20.003 30. 005 20. 951 20. 705 20.417 29. 479 29. 542 29. 7S3 29. S43 29. 806 29. 6S7 30.512 20. 402 29. 448 20. 083 20. 74G 20. 303 29. 539 20. 004 30. 2.32 30. 401 30. 154 29. 787 29. 959 00. 230 29. 910 H. Ex. 44- 29.810 20 800 -28 I p. 20. 43G 29. 809 30.104 29. 802 29. S96 30. 075 29. 924 20. 770 29. 397 20. 470 29. 560 20. 78S 20.830 29. 890 29. 604 20. 3.30 20. 302 20.452 29. 687 29. 751 29. 379 29. 502 30. 008 30. 223 30. 484 30.119 20. 787 20. 981 30. 230 20. 903 S p. m. 20. 435 9 p. m. 10 p. m 29. 435 29. 835 29. 876 30. 104 30.105 29. 979 29. 981 29. 896 20. 897 30. OSO 30. 097 29. 801 29. 77G 20. 372 20. 40,7 20. 572 29. 78S 20. 834 29.881 20.040 29. 555 20. 383 20. 457 29. 080 29.745 29. 370 20. 585 30. 030 30. 237 30. 473 30. 10G 29. 775 29. 9S5 30. 230 29. 895 29. 805 I 29. 803 20.800 29. 7S0 29. 355 20.417 20. G01 20. 774 20. 837 29. 882 29. G27 29. 502 29. 380 29. 470 29. 69 1 20. 737 29. 3C0 29. 006 30. 047 30.241 20.473 20.101 20. 779 30.011 30. 213 29. S83 29. 805 29. 475 29. 903 SO. 105 29. 977 29. 899 30.102 29. 833 29. 792 29.330 29. 440 20. 611 29. 770 20. 830 20. S77 20. 022 29. 55S 29. 390 29. 4S7 20. 700 20. 729 29. 341 29. 035 30. 058 20.243 30.400 30. 001 29. 770 30. 024 30. 200 20. 8.3G 29. S05 11 p.m. 12 p. m. Daily means. 20. 492 29. 945 30.112 29. 972 29. 908 30. 112 29. 819 29. 79S 25.313 25. 448 29. 030 29. 7S2 29. 833 29. 872 29. 624 29. 502 29. 302 29. 491 29. 097 29. 720 29. 343 29. 648 30.081 30.251 30. 459 30 077 29. 778 30. 038 30. 200 29. S0.3 29. 809 29. 497 29. 982 30. 128 29. 9G2 29. 903 30. US 29. 791 29. 792 29. 299 29. 433 29. 656 29. 783 29. 838 29. 877 29. 632 29. 5G8 29. 391 29. 502 29. 700 29. 708 29. 342 29. 517 29. G39 30.091 30. 057 29. 023 30. 002 30. 015 29. 735 29.510 29.413 29.493 29. 770 29. 817 29. 8G8 29. 758 29. 508 29. 407 20. 125 20. 024 20. 746 29. 497 29. 450 20. 90S 30. 207 30.457 30. 2G7 29. S?l 20. 831 30.201 29. 003 Mas. 29.. 80S Min. IJanjjo. 29. 724 20. 982 30.128 30.133 29. 956 30. US 30.123 20. 70S 29. 77.3 29. 508 29. 056 29. 79S 29. S43 29. 809 29. S80 29. 007 29. 559 29. 502 20. 700 20. 770 29. 074 29. G70 30. 004 30. 2S7 30.503 30. 412 30. 040 30. 052 30. 255 30. 170 20. 02 29. 430 20. 47G 29. 981 20. 902 29. 89G 29. 899 20. 701 29. 680 20. 209 29.294 20.410 20.002 29. 7S1 20.831 20. G24 29. 312 29. 390 29. 302 20. 509 29. 708 29.341 29. 309 29. 698 30.101 30.201 30. 067 20. 775 29. 774 30. 074 29. S49 29. 004 . 500 .147 .170 .000 .219 .332 .118 .470 .214 .216 . 136 .002 .008 . 100 . 140 .101 .071 .333 . 361 . 30G .180 .212 ,181 . 321 228 218 EXPEDITION.TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Tables showing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1SS3 — Continued. [Barometer above sen, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a, m. 3 a. ni. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. G a. m. 7 a. m. S a.m. 9 a. m. 10 a.m. 11 a. m. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p. m. 1882. Dec. 1 ... 20. 850 29. 847 29. 850 29. 853 29. 850 29. S53 29. 852 29. S45 29. 852 29. 802 29. 880 29. SS9 29. 8S9 29. 901 Dec. 2.... 29. 90S 29. 969 29. 9G8 29. 9S5 29. OSS 29. 984 29. 980 29. 982 29. 985 29. 979 29. 988 29. 995 30. 005 30. 003 Dec. :;.... 30. 015 30.031 30. 047 30. 030 30. 026 30. 024 30. 028 30. 031 30. 029 30. 022 30. 027 30. 030 30. 034 30. 030 Dec. 4.... 30.114 30. 117 30. 127 30. 137 30. 152 30. 167 30. 169 30. 176 30. 17G 30.182 30. 190 30. 202 30.214 30. 222 Dec. 5.... 30. 230 30. 23S 30. 240 30. 228 30. 231 30. 224 30.211 30. 198 30. 189 30. 169 30. 161 30. 154 30. 145 30. 139 Dec. 6.... 29. 955 29. 953 29. 918 29. 924 29. 922 29. 905 29. 905 29. 887 29. 8S1 29. 874 29. 877 29 801 29. 852 29. 851 Dec. 7.... 29. 902 29.909 29. 914 29. 927 29. 950 29. 975 29. 985 30. 001 30. 007 30.021 30. 035 30. 054 30. 070 30. 080 Dec. S.... 30. 2G5 30. 275 30. 290 30. 287 30. 29S 30. 306 30. 309 30. 294 30. 290 30. 291 30. 276 30. 265 30. 203 30. 258 Dec. 9.... 30. 221 30. 239 30. 25S 30. 275 30. 306 30. 325 30. 347 30. 363 30. 385 30. 404 30.419 30. 433 30. 465 30. 477 Dec. 10.... 30. 072 30. C82 30. 703 30.711 30. 733 30. 747 30. 759 30. 761 30. 771 30. 7S0 30. 792 30. 794 30. SOS 30. 811 Dec. 11.... 30. 877 30. S80 30. SSO 30. S94 30. 905 30. 90S 30. 919 30. 939 30. 935 30. 944 30. 944 30. 949 30. 945 30. 957 Dec. 12.... 30. 940 30. 920 30. 917 30. 934 30. 917 30. 8S7 30. 882 30. 891 30. 882 30. 850 30. 860 30.854 30. 847 30. 845 Dec.i:;.... 30. 080 30. 059 30. 647 30. 624 30. 609 30. 002 30. 573 30. 550 30. 542 30. 517 30. 489 30. 462 30. 435 30.413 Dec.14.... 30.215 30. 19S 30. 178 30. 177 30. 182 30. 1S5 30. 195 30. 203 30. 211 30. 222 30. 230 30. 233 30. 252 30. 254 Dee. 15 30. 222 30.212 30. 192 30.175 30. 167 30. 151 30. 133 30. 129 30.110 30. 117 30. 105 30. 092 30. 080 30. 0S4 Dec. 10... . 23. 993 29. 998 29. 978 29. 973 29. 961 29. 929 29. 918 29. 901 29. 874 29. 860 29. 835 29. 829 29. 821 29. 809 Dec. 17.... 29. 714 29.714 29.719 29. 716 29. 739 29. 740 29. 741 29. 743 29. 750 29. 749 29. 750 29. 750 29. 750 29. 753 Dec. 13.... 29. 757 29. 754 29. 75G 29. 751 29. 754 29. 754 29. 751 29. 740 29.740 29. 747 29. 741 29. 732 29. 731 29. 722 Dec.]!'.... 29. 050 29. 641- 29. C49 29. 027 29. 024 29. 014 29. 000 29. 595 29. 5S3 29. 570 29. 500 29. 55S 29. 552 29. 543 Dec. 20.... 29. 402 29.451 29. 434 29. 44S 29. 445 29. 443 29. 435 29. 430 29. 431 29. 42S 29. 428 29. 427 29. 42S 29.426 Dec. 21... 29.404 29. 401 29. 400 29. 405 29. 4S9 29. 497 29. 502 29.499 29. 511 29. 512 29. 523 29. 532 29.541 29. 551 Doc. 22 ... . 29. 592 29. 004 29. 014 29. 599 29.012 29. 621 20. 024 29. 626 29. 032 29. 634 29. 033 29. 037 29. 040 29. 001 Doc, 2:;.... 29. 702 29. 793 29. 795 29. 818 29. 827 29. 848 29. 851 29. S65 29. 880 29. 887 29.904 29.913 29. 925 29. 927 Dec. 21.... 29.911 29. 905 29. 90S 29. 913 29. 923 29. 933 29. 93 1 29. 924 29. 922 29. 921 29. 920 29. 923 29. 936 29. 940 Dec. 25.... 30.001 30. O0S 30.017 30. 014 30. 030 30. 021 30. 012 30. 000 29. 990 29. 982 29. 952 29. 938 29. 932 29. 921 Dec. 20.... 29. 718 29. 714 29. 704 29. 080 29. 679 29. 059 29. 642 29. 628 29. 011 29. 594 29. SSO 29. 592 29. 589 29. 5S5 Dec. 27.... 29. 05G 29. 073 29. 694 29. 713 29. 741 29. 769 29. 792 29. S19 29. 839 29. 858 29. SSI 29. 901 29.911 29. 927 Dec. 28.... 30. 159 30.181 30.212 30. 244 30. 275 30.292 30.302 30. 305 30. 280 30. 2S3 30. 271 30. 240 30. 220 30. 197 Dec. 28 .... 29. 955 29. 940 29. 942 29.915 29. 919 30.021 30.149 30. 247 30. 341 30. 420 30. 467 30. 523 30. 569 30. 61S Dec. :)U 30. S24 30. 833 30. 843 30. 830 30. 830 30. S20 30. SOS 30. 810 30. 808 30. 791 30. 774 30. 757 30. 755 30. 748 Dec. 31.... 30. 059 30. 653 30. 606 30. 054 30. 05S 30. 039 30. 639 30. 029 30. 606 30. 001 30. 573 30. 561 30. 55S 30. 515 Means .- 30.078 30. 079 30. 081 30. 082 30. 0S9 30. 092 30. 095 30. 097 30. 099 30. 099 30. 099 30. 100 30. loj 30. 10-1 v Date. 3 p. HO. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. C p. m. 7 p. m. S p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily menns. ilex. Min. Range. 1882. Dec 1.... 29. 917 29. 927 29. 925 29. 925 29. 940 29. 945 29. 951 29. £04 29. 966 29. 962 29. 89G 29. 9GG 29. 845 .121 Dec. 2... 29. 99S 30. 003 30. 005 30. 013 30. 018 30. 01S 30. 015 30. 015 30. 024 30. 038 29. 997 30. 038 29. 968 .070 Dec. 3... 30.010 30. 060 30.004 30. 002 30. 063 30. 072 30. 0S2 30. 093 30. 095 30. 098 30. 084 30. 098 30.015 .0S3 Dec. 4.... 30. 241 30. 247 30. 245 30.231- 30. 234 30. 240 30.241 30. 250 30. 251 30. 247 30. 199 30. 251 30. 114 .137 Dec. 5 30. 121 30. 105 30. 093 30. 007 30. 057 30. 025 30.017 30. 012 29. 995 29. 986 30.135 30. 240 29. 98G .254 Dec. 6.... 29. SOS 29. 874 29. 87G 29. S78 29. S73 29. 809 29. 862 29. 871 29. 890 29. 89S 29. 889 29. 955 29. 851 .104 Dec. 7.... 30.102 30. 123 30. 152 30, 172 30. 189 30. 204 30. 22S 30. 243 30. 255 30. 257 30. 073 30. 257 29. 902 .355 Dec. 8 30. 245 30. 226 30.217 30.181 30. 170 30.109 30. 172 30. 17S 30. 183 30. 213 30. 247 30. 309 30. 176 .133 Dec. 9.... 30. 500 30. 520 30. 550 30. 505 30. 570 20. SOS 30. 621 30. 634 30. 654 30. 673 30. 450 30. G73 30. 221 .452 Dec. 10 30. 821 30. 827 30. 826 30. S33 30. 840 30. 842 2,0. S55 30. 805 30. S82 30. 895 30. 792 30. 895 30. 072 .223 Dec. 11.... 30. 950 30. 950 30. 9G4 30.905 30.96j 30. 95S 30. 940 30.940 30. 950 30. 938 30.934 30.905 30. 877 .088 Doc. 12... 30. 847 30. 830 30. 811 30. 797 30. 780 30. 75S 30. 754 30. 751 30. 740 30. 722 30. 843 30. 940 30. 722 .218 Dec. 13.... 30. 397 30. 390 30. 380 30. 341 30.311 30. 277 30. 264 30. 254 30.240 30. 232 30. 454 30. 686 30. 232 .454 Dec. 14.... 30. 253 30. 205 30. 200 30. 200 30. 200 3li. 200 30. 256 30.234 30. 224 30.222 30. 227 30. 266 30. 177 .089 Dec. 15.... 30. 077 30. 079 30. 081 30. 080 30.059 30. 050 30. 038 30. 029 30.016 30. Oil 30. 104 30. 222 30.011 .211 Dee. 10.... 29. 803 29. 785 29. 779 29. 769 29. 739 29. 731 29. 72S 29. 731 29. 733 29. 727 29. 842 29. 998 29. 727 .271 Dec.17.... 29. 755 29. 703 29. 705 29. 768 29. 701 29. 752 29. 753 29. 760 29. 7G2 29. 756 29. 747 29. 76S 29. 714 . 054 Dec. is... 29. 722 29. 717 29. 715 29. 705 29. 690 29. 680 29. 072 29. 664 29. COS 29. 604 29. 723 29. 757 29. 664 .093 Dec.19... 29. 534 29. 535 29. 528 29. 523 29. SOS 29. 498 29.409 29.487 29. 4S4 29. 473 29. 560 29. 656 29. 473 .183 Dec. 2ii 29. 427 29.433 29. 44S 29.448 29. 452 29. 400 29. 450 29. 456 29.461 29. 472 29.443 29. 472 29.426 .040 Dec. 21.... 29. SOS 29. 572 29. 579 29. 586 29. 588 29. 594 29. 593 29. 597 29. 605 29. 601 29. 537 29. 005 29. 460 .145 Dec. 22.... 29. G72 29. 684 29. GS9 29. 094 29. 703 29. 709 29. 72-1 29. 730 29. 747 29. 760 29. 001 29. 700 29. 592 .168 Dec. 23 ... 29. 926 29. 924 29. 924 29. 924 29. 924 29. 916 29. 924 29. 927 29. 925 29. 91G 29. 8S4 29. 927 29. 762 . 105 Dec. 24... 29. 949 29. 949 29. 90S 29. 982 29. 9S5 29. 994 29. 993 29. 999 29. 90S 30. 011 29. 948 So! oil 29. 905 .10G Dec. 25.... 29. 921 29. 902 29. SS5 29. 850 29. S3S 29. S23 29. 802 29. 795 29. 770 29. 754 29. 923 30. 030 29. 754 .276 Dec. 20.... 29.573 29. 570 29. 5S2 29. 584 29. 570 29. 584 29. 007 29. 022 29. 626 29. 045 29. 624 29.718 29. 573 145 Dec.27... 29. 935 29.948 29. 903 29.904 29. 977 29. 989 30.013 20. 039 20. 082 30. 121 29. SS4 30.122 29. 050 . 4iifl Dec. 28.... 30.185 30. 158 30. 130 30.109 30. 073 30.051 30.031 30.015 29. 998 29. 97S 30. 175 29. 978 .327 Dec. 29 ... 20. 650 5'0. 690 30. 730 30.759 30. 780 30. 792 30. 829 30. 822 30. S2G 30. 837 30. 451 30. 837 29. 942 . S95 Dec. 30.... 30. 749 30. 750 30. 7-10 30. 733 ! .".0. 733 30. 714 30. 707 30. 700 30. 09S 30. 691 3(i. 700 30. 843 30. 694 .149 Dec. 31.... 30. 534 30. 530 30. 531 30.511 | 30. 486 30. 401 30. 463 30. 454 30. 439 30. 425 30. 502 30.666 30. 425 . 241 Menus .. 30. 106 30. 109 S0.110 30.100 30.1J>2 30. 09S 30.1011 30. 101 30.102 30. 104 30. 097 30. 201 ! 29.984 . 217 EXPEDITION TO 'POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 219 Tables slowing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883— Continued. [Barinometer abovo sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. in. 2 a. m. 3 a. ni. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. (5 a. m. 7 a. m.' ' r 8"a. m. !) a. m. 10 a. m. 11a. in. 12 m. 1 ii. m. 2 p. m. 1883. Jan. 1-... 30. 391 30. 372 30. 344 30. 325 30. 321 30.311 30. 272 30. 237 30. 223 30. 199 30. 170 30. 147 30.110 30. 088 Jan . 2 29. 720 29. 709 29. 003 29. C43 29. 635 29. 604 29. 567 29. 537 29. 517 29.537 29. 527 29. 488 29. 474 29.403 Jan. 3 29. 420 29. 427 29. 429 29. 419 29. 429 29. 439 29. 420 29. 407 29.403 29. 401 29. 385 29. 380 29. 388 29. 387 Jan. 4 29. 311 29.311 29. 297 29. 300 29. 287 29. 272 29. 250 29. 233 29. 218 29. 208 29. 198 29. 180 29. 173 29. 1G5 Jan. 5 — 29. OGG 29. 009 29. 001 29. 050 29. 054 29. 048 29. 040 29. 036 29. 028 29. 030 29. 030 29. 017 29. 013 29. 013 «I:i!i- G..„. 29. 030 29. 032 29. 038 29. 055 29. 058 29. 073 29. 0S5 29. 098 29.100 29. 091 29. 098 29.112 29. 113 29. 125 Jan. 7 29. 208 29. 21G 29.213 29. 224 29. 245 29. 253 29. 208 29. 255 29. 264 •J9. 27(1 29. 278 29. 283 29. 297 211. 300 Jan. 8 29. 347 29. 352 29. 352 29. 357 29. 371 29. 372 29. 3G2 29. 357 29. 360 29. 350 29. 319 29. 348 29. 354 2D. 302 Jan. 9.... 29. 480 29. 507 29. 542 29. 565 29. 57G 29. 5SS 29. 604' 29. 623 29. 637 29. 602 29. GSl 29. 700 29.731 29. 751 Jan. 10.... 29. 932 29. 945 29. 951 29. 913 29. 957 29. 972 29. 977 29. 972 29. 977 29. 982 29. 975 29. 970 29, 975 29. 975 Jan. 11.... 29. 909 29. 978 29. 970 29. 9G5 29. 975 29. 980 29. 978 29. 981 29. 972 29. 979 29. 978 29. 980 30. 004 30. 006 Jan. 12.... 29. 907 29. 950 29. 947 29. 943 29.945 29. 945 29. 928 29. 918 29. 914 29. 910 29.915 29. 920 29. 930 29. 929 Jan. 13 29.941 29. 95G 29. 958 29. 951 29. 963 29. 900 29. 968 29. 903 29. 95S 29. 958 29. 957 29. 958 29. 930 29. 973 Jan. 14.... 30.115 30. 137 30. 108 30.192 30. 237 30. 24G 30. 277 30. 292 30. 317 30. 332 30.340 30. 302 30. 378 30. 40G Jan. 15 30. 70G 30. 734 30. 701 30. 774 30. 797 30. 835 30. 851 30. 803 30. 866 30. 89S 30. 891 30. 897 30. 900 30. 923 Jan. 10.... 30. 84 1 30. S19 30.790 30. 780 30.718 30. 093 30. G32 30. G03 30. 549 30. 495 30. 435 30. 372 30. 320 30. 2G0 Jan. 17.... 29. 741 29. 751 29.77G 29. 7SS 29. 797 29. 807 29. 840 29. S01 29. 879 29. 884 29. 890 29. 901 29. 909 29. 925 Jan. 18.... 3H.017 30. 050 3(1. 004 30. 083 30.115 30.131 30. 141 30. 158 30. 179 30. 183 30. 203 30. 224 30. 250 30. 279 Jan. 19.... 30. 409 30.493 30. 509 30. 523 30.549 30. 553 30. 577 30. 605 30. 015 30. 029 30. 029 30. 631 30. 040 30. GOG Jan. 20.... 30. G28 30. 004 30. 587 30. 505 30. 570 30. 500 30. 531 30. 505 30. 501 30. 505 30. 408 30. 44S 30. 430 30.419 Jan. 21.... 30. 333 30. 34G 30. 300 30. 357 30. 307 30. 305 30. 35G 30.351 30. 340 30. 338 30. 329 30. 320 30. 310 30. 303 Jan. 22.... 30. 133 30. 121 30.112 30. 078 30. 086 30. 081 30. 050 30. 039 30. 017 30.004 29. 970 29. 943 29. 910 29. 897 Jan. 23 29. 540 29. 543 29. 518 29. 503 29. 400 29. 440 29. 403 29. 380 29.374 29. 353 29. 3-10 29. 349 29. 340 29. 3 15 Jan. 24.... 29. 330 29. 337 29. 357 29. 372 29. 392 29. 394 29.410 29. 420 29. 420 29. 438 29. 438 29. 455 29. 401 29.48G Jan. 25.... 29. G81 29.711 29. 721 29. 731 29. 754 29. 77G 29. 7S1 29. 794 29. 792 29. 79S 29. 810 29. 820 29. S38 29. 848 Jan. 2G 29. 949 29. 956 29. 959 29. 90G 29. 093 29. 90S 30. 001 30. 003 29. 99G 29. 990 29. 999 30. 007 .30. 015 30. 018 Jan. 27 30. 027 30. 031 30. 040 30.045 30. 069 30. 078 30. 083 30. 085 30. 090 30. 085 30. 097 30.104 30.110 30. 114 Jan. 28.... 30. 142 . 30. 154 30. 104 30. 162 30. 171 30. 174 30. 179 30. 179 30. 17G 30. 177 30. 190 30. 182 30.191' 30. 207 Jan. 29.... 30. 202 30. 270 30. 302 30. 310 30. 343 30. 351 30. 368 30. 391 ' 30. 409 30. 420 30. 440 30. 403 30. 479 30. 495 Jan. 30.... 30. G41 30. G51 30. 655 SO. 670 30. G88 30. 703 30. 703 30.708 ■ 30.711 30.710 30. 707 30. 713 30. 728 30. 732 Jan. 31.... j 30. 053 30.078 30. CU SO. 609 30. 632 30. 019 30. G17 30. 579 30. 539 30. 52S 30. 499 30. 458 30. 435 30. 383 Means .. 29.937 29. 942 29. 944 29. 044 29. 933 29.950 29. 953 29. 949 29. 940 29. 947 29. 943 29. 941 29. 942 29. 944 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. (i p. in. Tp. m. 8 p. ni. 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max-. Min. Range 1883. Jan. 1 30. 059 30. 037 30. 01G 29. 970 29. 939 29. 890 29. 866 29. 832 29. 787 29. 755 30. 112 30. 391 29. 758 .033 iJan. 2.... 29. 453 29. 450 29. 443 29. 438 29. 427 29. 429 29. 424 29.410 29. 421 29. 429 29. 517 29. 720 29. 410 .310 'Jan. 3 • 29. 387 29. 380 29. 387 29. 3S1 29. 379 29. 367 29.349 29. 344 29. 339 29. 329 29. 391 29. 429 29. 329 .100 Jan. 4 29. 100 29. 150 29. 133 29. 133 29. 131 29. 113 29. 101 29. 086 29. 074 29. 009 29. 190 29. 311 29. 009 .242 Jan. 5 29.00ti - 29. 008 29. 02G 29. 020 29. 021 29. 013 29. 011 29. 014 29. 021 29. 034 29.031 29. 009 29.000 .003 ! Jan. G 29.134 29. 153 29. 158 29. 104 29. 104 29. 170 29. 184 29. 207 29. 209 29. 222 29.120 29. 204 29. 030 .174 'Jan. 7.... 29.311 29. 317 29. 327 29. 339 29. 340 29. 337 29. 340 29. 343 29. 347 29. 352 29. 289 29. 352 29. 208 .141 'Jan. 8 29. 372 29. 371 29. 382 29. 385 29. 394 29. 409 29. 436 29.448 29. 458 29. 475 29. 380 29. 475 29. 347 .128 'Jan. 9.... 29. 771 29. 801 29. 823 29. 843 29. S4S 29. 857 29. 8S0 29. 902 29.911 29. 918 29.717 •J9. 018 29. 430 .438 'Jan. 10.... 29. 978 29. 9S1 29. 993 29. 980 29. 991 29. 991 29. 987 29. 985 29. 982 29. 983 29. 974 29. 993 29. 932 .001 [Jan. 11.... Jan. 12.... 30. 01G 30. 011 30. 003 30. OOG 30. 003 30.001 29. 997 29. 993 29. 993 29. 990 29. 9S9 30.010 29. 9G5 . 051 29. 929 29. 933 29. 94G 29. 945 29. 940 29. 948 29. 953 29. 954 29. 957 29. 955 29. 939 29. 907 29. 914 . 053 'Jan. 13.... 29.934 29. 993 29. 995 29. 997 30. 015 30. 034 30. 030 30. 001 30.081 30. 103 29. 9S8 30. 103 : 9. 941 .102 'Jan. 14.... - 30. 445 30.485 30. 522 30. 533 30. 558 30. 507 30. 008 30. 021 30. 609 30. G74 30. 393 30. 074 30.115 . 559 Jan. 15.... 30.939 30. 937 30. 934 30. 938 30.939 30. 929 30. 914 30. 902 30. 873 30. 808 30.S70 30.939 30. 700 .233 IJan. 10.... Jan. 17.... 30. 170 30. 123 30. 050 29. 973 29. 934 29,873 29. 858 29. S10 29. 785 29. 758 30.320 30. 841 29. 758 1. 0S3 29. 933 29. 947 29. 964 29. 97G 29. 990 30. 003 30. 012 30. 023 30. 034 30. 044 29. 903 30. 044 29.741 .303 Jan. IS.... ,'J0. 311 30. 339 30. 363 30. 39G 30.409 30.411 30. 439 30. 452 30. 403 30. 470 •30.257 30. 470 30. 047 . 423 (Jan. 19.... . 30. 087 30. 095 30. 696 30. 688 30. G82 30. 0S8 30. 088 30. 07G 30. 001 30. G49 30. 021 30. 090 30. 409 . 227 : Jan. 20 30. 425 30. 414 30. 381 30. 375 30. 367 30. 301 30. 349 30. 340 30. 34S 30. 354 30. 400 30. 028 30. 310 .282 Jan. 21.... 30. 298 30. 298 30. 292 30. 271 30. 254 30. 240 30. 207 30. 171 30. 109 30.101 30. 29S 30. 3G7 30. 101 .206 Jan. 22... 29. 877 29. 832 29. 792 29. 7S0 29. 749 29. 702 29. 071 29. 042 29. G12 29. 582 29. 904 30. 133 29. 582 . 551 Jan. 23.... 29. 347 29. 355 29. 355 29. 355 29. 357 29. 357 29. 344 29. 335 29. 332 29. 330 29. 391 29. 540 29. 330 .210 Jan. 24 29. 509 29. 530 29. 548 29. 557 29. 582 29. 002 29. 009 29. 030 29. 654 29. G74 29. 484 29. 074 29. 330 .314 Jan. 25.... 29. 859 29. 877 29. 880 29. 895 29. 901 29. 903 29. 912 29. 924 29. 933 29. 943 29. 828 29. 913 29. GSl . 202 Jan. 20.... 30. C1G 30. 020 30. 025 30. 015 30. 023 30. 021 30. 029 30. 032 30. 036 30. 038 30. 005 30. 03S 29. 919 . Of 9 Jan. 27 30. 117 30. 126 30. 127 30.129 30.131 30.131 30.337 30. 142 30.140 30.151 3(1. 100 30. 151 30. 027 . 124 Jan. 28 30. 202 30. 202 30. 207 30. 220 30. 225 30. 222 30. 230 30. 251 30. 259 30. 270 30. 198 30. 270 30. 142 .124 Jan. 29 30. 527 30. 544 30. 500 30. 507 30. 580 30. 597 30. 013 30. G28 30. 037 30. 037 30. 407 30. 037 30. 202 .375 Jan. 30 30. 731 30. 727 30. 722 30. 722 30.710 30. 722 30. 695 30. 687 30. G93 30. 084 30. 701 30. 732 30.641 .091 Jan. 31.... 30. 303 30. 358 30. 32S 30. 293 30. 26S 30. 249 30. 225 30. 209 30. 207 30. 191 30. 440 30. 078 30. 191 . 487 Means .. 29. 940 29. 949 29. 947 29. 945 29. 944 29. 940 29. 939 29. 938 29. 938 29. 939 29. 94 1 30. 078 29. 802 . 270 220 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREITW, ALASKA. Tables slioicing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 18S3 — Continued. [Barometer above sea, 17 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction for mean local lime, — 5 limns. 17 minutes.] Date. i a. m. 2 a. m. i a. m. 4 a. m. o a. m. a. 111. 7 a. 111. S a.m. !)a.m. 10 a.m. . m. 12 m. 1 p.m. 2 p. m. 18S3. Feb. 1... 30. 191 30.200 30. 200 30. 199 30. 202 30. 234 30. 212 30. 268 30. 2S3 30. 300 30. 339 30. 367 1 382 30. 102 Feb. 2.... 30. 577 30. 5711 30. 502 30. 510 30. 500 30. 517 30. 513 30. 524 30. 329 30, 531 30. 195 30.400 30. !5U 30.435 Feb. 3.... 30.271 30. 2.3S 30. 2.30 30. 209 30.189 30. 168 30. 132 30. 089 30. 010 30.007 29.961 29. 917 29.873 29. 820 Feb. 4.... 29.774 29. 837 29. 918 29. 995 30. 091 30. 179 30.214 30. 298 30. 335 30. 379 30.401 30.397 30.390 30. 39S Feb. ">_-.. 30. 283 30. 282 30. 2SS 30. 200 30. 300 30. 291 30. 2S4 30. 25S 30. 258 •30.229 30. 183 30.111 30.113 30.074 Feb. 0..-. 29. 788 29.797 29. 790 29. 812 29. S41 29. 805 29. 8S5 29. 925 29. 970 30. 028 30. 073 30.124 30. 178 30.231 Feb. 7.... 30. 2SG 30.232 30.194 30.130 30.098 30. 048 29. 995 29. 92G 29. 803 29. 790 20. 750 29: 724 29. G95 "9. 689 Fel». 8.... 29. 988 30.044 30.103 30. 1 64 30.21; 30.201 30.299 30. 335 ;:n :;oo 30. 381 30.410 30.410 30. 100 1 Feb. 9.... 29. 931 29. 850 29. 707 • 29. 704 29. 651 29. 000 29. 551 29. 492 29. 431 29. 373 29. 308 29. 233 20.180 29. 115 Feb. Hi.... 29.135 29. 2.38 29. 4flo 20. 330 29. G77 29.777 29. 875 29. 932 30. 038 30. 110 30.184 30.211 50. 309 30. 380 Feb. 11.--. 30. 732 30. 770 30. 804 30. S37 30. S59 30. 8G1 30.873 30. 879 30. 87.5 30. 883 30. S90 30.5)04 30. 899 Feb. 12.... 30.618 30. 509 30. oilS 30. 500 30. 4.38 30. 389 30. 330 30. 297 30. 233 30.177 30. 12S 30. 077 30. 022 29. 981 Feb.]:',..-. 29.746 29.761 20. 79!) 20. 815 29.840 29. SOS 29. S72 29. 879 29. 873 29. 880 29. S90 29. 890 29. 898 29.894 1\1). 11..-- 29. 89.3 29. 897 20. 906 29. 920 29. 930 29. 954 29. 905 20. 970 29.970 29. 979 29. 993 29. 993 30.011 39. 022 Feb. 15.... 30.115 30. 1C0 30. 17.3 30. 191 30. 213 30. 230 30. 235 30. 270 30. 29.3 30.307 30. 32S 30.331 30.315 Ml. 333 Feb. 10.... 30. 425 30. 427 30. 430 30. 428 30. 439 30. 436 30. 455 30. 435 30.433 30.413 30. 408 30.385 30. 386 30. 503 Feb. 17.... 30. 200 30.201 30. 207 30. 2! 2 30.218 30. 231 30. 2.31 30. 250 30. 202 30. 270 30. 2 90 30. 290 30. 322 30. 31.3 Fel).18 ... 30.400 30. 407 30. 3S4 30.374 30. 37S 30.301 30. 320 30. 300 30. 292 30.275 30. 205 30.237 30.226 30.214 Feb. 19.... 30. 090 30. 0S9 30. 000 30. 092 30. 083 30. 073 30. 0.57 30.013 30. 022 30. 022 30. 025 30.013 30.007 30. 010 Feb. 20.... 30.134 30.144 30. 147 30. 15.3 30. 174 30. ISO 30. 1 05 30. 105 30.103 30. 170 30. 1G2 30. 152 30. 138 30.137 Feb.2L... 30.150 30.156 30.109 30. 109 30. 180 30. 191 30.195 30.104 30. 199 30. 203 30. 213 30. 214 30. 228 30. °3S Feb. 22.... 30.333 30. 34S 30. 303 30. 375 30. 398 30. 403 30. 409 30. 412 30. 422 30. 424 30. 435 30. 433 30. 439 30. 43!) Fel).23.--. 30.331 30. 332 30. 325 30.310 30. 298 30. 304 30. 200 30. -94 30. 292 30. 282 30. 282 30. 289 20. 'JO:; 30. 2SG Feb. 24.... 3H.419 30.435 30. 400 30. 408 30. 497 30. .305 30. 505 30. 513 30. 517 30. 519 . 30. 327 30. 527 30. 530 30. 524 Feb. 25.... 30. 488 30.491 30. 485 30.487 30. 301 30. 494 30. 477 30. 408 30.444 30.450 30. 437 30.434 30. 442 :;o. 4::7 Feb. 21).... 30.419 30. 402 30.122 30. 427 30. 428 30. 425 30. 419 30. 42.3 30.414 30.417 30.413 30. 408 30.421 30. 42" Feb. 27..., 30.252 30.211 30. 239 30. 210 30. 219 30. 205 30. 204 30. 197 30. 195 30.182 30. 175 30. 172 30. 104 30. 141 Feb. 23.... 30. 074 30. 070 30. 074 30. 079 30. 080 30. 087 30. 0S7 30.221 30. 078 30. 078 30. 070 30. 073 30. 072 30. 079 30. 080 Means .. SO.lSl 30. 1S7 30. 19.3 30. 201 30. 21.3 30.221 30.219 30.218 30.21G 30. 210 30. 209 30. 209 30. 205 Date. 3 p.m. i p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p. 111. 7 p. m. S p. 111. 5) p. 111. 10 p. m. 11p.m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max. Min. Range. 1883. Feb. 1..-. 30. 423 30. 408 30.483 30. 530 30. 547 50. 5.30 30. 564 30. 579 30. 585 30. 590 30. 380 30. 590 30. 191 .359 Feb. 2.... 30. 433 30. 422 30.419 30. 409 30. 402 30. 584 30. 3G3 50. 345 30. 322 30. 302 30. 405 30. 577 50. 302 . 275 Feb. 5 ... 29. 790 29. 7G8 29. 749 29. 709 29. 097 29. 071 29. 643 29. 623 29. 650 29. 710 29. 925 30. 271 29. 025 . 04.8 Feb. 4.... 30. 386 30. 376 30. 308 30. 307 50. 50.5 50. 510 30. 334 30. 315 30. 297 30. 289 30. 253 30. 401 29. 774 .027 Feb. 5.... 30. 027 29. 999 29. 950, 29. 9 IS 29. 880 29. 8G3 29. 342 29. 820 29.S18 2!). 803 50. 092 30. 300 29.80- .49S Feb. 0.... 30. 273 30. 304 50. 534 30. 3.57 50. 371 30. 375 30. 376 30. 3G2 30. 34S 30.312 30. 114 30. 370 29. 7-8 . 588 Feb. 7.... 29. 6SS 29. 700 29. 707 29. 705 29. 098 29. C9S 29. 745 29. 803 29. 872 29. 910 29. 875 30. 280 29. 088 . 598 Fell. 8.... 30. 410 30. 399 50.381 50. 3G3 50. 325 30. 282 30. 224 30.152 ■30. 004 30. 00.3 50. 26S 50.410 29. 90S .418 Feb. 9.... 29. 001 29. 005 28. 997 ' 28.5)75 29.019 29.041 29. 044 29. 021 29. 010 29.014 29.30!) 29. 931 28.073 .950 Feb. 10.... 30. 435 30. 477 30. 493 30.541 30. 509 30. 60S 30. 642 30. 600 30. 6SG 30. 71S 50. 13.3 30.71S 29.155 . 5S3 Feb. 11.... 50. 890 30.884 30. SGI 30. S29 30. 805 30. 792 30. 700 :). ir.o .185 Feb. 22.... 30.410 30.438 30. 427 30.421 30.410 30. 388 30.3 -0 30. 383 30. 375 30. 304 30.403 50.410 30.333 .107 Feb. 23... 30. 292 30. 300 30. 300 50. 312 30.310 30.332 30.300 50. 382 30.401 50. 422 50.517 30. 422 30. 288 .134 Feb. 24... 30. 517 30. 514 30. 514 50.511 30. 512 30. 497 30.505 50. 501 30. 499 50. 510 50. 501 30, 530 30.419 .111 Feb. 2.5.... 30. 425 30.415 50.407 30. 404 30. 404 30. 410 30.410 30.400 30.418 30. 414 50.-114 50. 501 50. 404 .097 Feb. 20... 30. 408 30. 380 30. 357 30. 318 30. 331 30.311 30.293 50. 285 :;o. 269 30. 201 50. 380 30. 428 30. 204 .164 Feb. 27.... 30.141 30. 133 50. 123 50. 123 30. Ill 30. 093 30. 093 50. 090 50. 094 50. 090 50. 103 30.093 .159 Feb.2S.... 30.102 30. 104 3d. 109 30.118 30. 133 30. 138 30. 1G2 30. 1SI 30. 210 30. 220 30. 103 30.226 50. 072 . 1.34 Means . . 30. 203 30.201 30. 190 30. 194 :)0. 192 30.188 30. 187 30. 1S3 30.186 30. 187 50.201 30. 37S 50. 005 .373 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 221 Tables shouting pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Barometer above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes.] Dale. 1 a. in. 2 a. m. 3 a. in. 4 a. m. 5 a. in. a, m. 7 a. in. 8 a. m. 9 a.m. 10 a. m. U a.m. 12 m. i p. m. 2 p. ru. 188.'!. liar. 1 - - . 30. 262 SO. 286 30. 305 30. 340 30. 373 30. 398 30. 430 30. 470 30. 485 30. 521 30. 539 30. 573 30. 005 30. 61G War. 2... 30. 803 30. 707 30. 807 30. 808 30. 825 30.819 80.S20 30. 807 30. 807 30. 807 30. 790 30. 773 30. 7G3 30. 753 liar. 3... 30. 509 30, 554 30.511 30.512 30.512 30. 496 30. 479 30. 470 30. 440 30. 422 30. 398 30. 379 30.301 30. 334 Mar. 4... 30.017 29. 998 29. 003 29. 938 29. 908 29.875 29. 82 1 29. 790 29. 705 29. 746 29. 728 29. 084 29. 074 29. 652 Mar. :>... 29. 094 29. 606 29.706 29.718 29. 703 29. 780 29. 802 29. 832 29. SGI 29. 893 29.911 29. 927 29. 942 23. SG7 Mar. G... 30. 128 30. 128 30. 133 30. 133 30. 151 30. 139 30. 142 30. 134 30. 123 30. Ill 30. 103 30. 082 30. 075 30. 060 Mar. 7... 29. 888 29. 800 29. 850 29. 839 29. 830 29. 822 29.815 29. 807 29. 788 29. 777 29. 759 29. 734 29. 709 29. 083 Mar. 8... 29. 519 29.512 29. 497 29.487 29.489 29. 487 23.400 29.480 29. 483 29. 485 29.488 29. 495 29. 51G 20. 537 Mar. !)-.. 29. 755 29. 795 29.812 29.818 29. 853 29. 865 29. £81 29. 887 29.312 29. 920 29. 926 29. 931 29. 939 29. 912 Mar. 10... 30. 082 30. 0S7 30.108 30. 122 30.145 30. 150 30. 112 30. 149 30.149 30.158 30. 108 30. 172 30.183 30.189 Mar. 11... 30. 2S6 30. 286 30. 277 30.279 30. 294 30. 276 30. 278 30. 249 30. 249 30.255 30. 234 30.216 30. 214 30. ISO Mar. 12... 29. 991 29. 086 23. OSG 29. 981 29. 976 29. 970 29. 906 29. 068 29. 972 29. 977 29. 990 29. 989 29. 990 30. 002 Mar. 13 ... 30. 142 30.149 30. 159 30. 173 30. 201 30.215 30. 226 30. 237 30. 251 30. 258 30. 2C0 30. 269 30. 289 30. 295 Mar. 14... 30. 378 30. 378 30. 375 30. 378 30. 394 30. 399 30.4#7 30.407 30. 400 30. 401 30.403 30. 403 30.404 30.408 Mar. 15 ... 30.415 30. 400 30. 412 30.418 30. 410 30.410 30.414 30. 399 30. 387 30. 390 30. 385 30. 375 30 366 30. 359 Mar. 10... 30. 249 30. 242 30. 247 30. 230 30. 230 30. 222 30. 216 30. 220 30. 211 30.196 30. 188 30. 174 30. 108 30. 149 Mar. 17... 30.137 30.152 30. 104 30.159 30. 184 30.194 30. 204 30. 195 30.100 30. 194 30. 187 30. 184 30. 182 30. 178 Mar. 18... 30.032 30. 022 30. 022 30. 020 30. 008 29. 992 29. 987 29. 985 29. 966 29. 952 29. 93S 29. 022 29. 921 29. 916 Mar. 1!) .. 29. 800 29. 860 !9.872 29. 870 29. 893 29. 890 29. 895 29. 896 29. 897 29. 889 29. 889 29. 887 29. 887 29. 894 Mar. 20... 29. 875 29. 876 29. 885 29. 890 29. 903 29. 915 29. 933 29. 911 29. 955 29. 908 29. 970 29. 957 30. 002 30. 013 Mar. 21... 30. 004 30.C56 . 50 30. 054 30. 067 30. 052 30. 037 30. 025 30. 019 30. 001 29. 979 29. 957 29. 948 29. 939 Mar. 22... 29. 757 29. 739 29. 730 29.721 29. 713 29. 099 29. 697 29. 681 29. 606 29. 056 20. 654 29.016 29. 049 29. 643 Mar. 23 . . . 19, i ' i 29.794 29. 825 20. 844 29. 908 29. 930 29. 937 29. 988 30. 003 30. OiS 30. 035 30. 000 30. 077 30. 091 Mar. 24 ... 29. 9S6 29. 960 29. 936 23. 905 29. 890 29. 875 29. 860 29. 845 29. 830 29. 822 29. 809 29. 793 29. 779 29. 773 Mar. 25 ... 29, 032 29. 029 29. 029 29. 021 29. 009 29. 000 29. 588 29. 576 29. 572 29. 573 29. 573 29. 568 29. 563 20. 569 Mar. 26... 29. 810 29. 820 29. ! 120 29. 826 29. 828 29. S36 29. 830 29. 803 29. 772 29. 751 29. 735 29. 709 29. 69G 29. 60S Mar. 27 ... 29. 541 29. 551 29. 509 29. 578 29. 605 29. 026 29. 651 29. 651 29. 646 29. 041 29. 642 29. 040 29. 660 29. 004 Mar. 28... 29. 873 29. 899 29. 929 29. 927 29. 042 29. 945 29. 945 29. 935 29. 928 29. 910 29. 898 29. 881 29. 855 29. 836 Mar. 29... 29. 727 29. 727 29. 738 29. 737 29. 741 29. 746 29. 739 29. 744 29. 749 29. 751 29. 701 29. 703 29. 767 29.77/ Mar. 30... 29. 920 29. 930 29. 933 29. 036 29. 952 29. 953 29. 948 29. 951 29. 946 29. 943 29. 948 29.951, 29. 953 29. 963 Mar. 31... 29. 987 29. 993 29. 991 29. 991 29. 078 29. 978 29. 981 29. 983 29. 981 29. 978 29. 983 29. 988 29. 986 30.001 Means .. 30. 005 30. 006 30. 009 30. 008 30.019 30. 018 30.019 30. 016 30. 013 30. 012 30. 009 30. 004 30. 004 SO. C02 Date. 8 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p. m. 10 p. m. 11p.m. 12 p. m. Daily mean's. Max. Min. Eange. 1883. Mar. 1... 30. C47 30. 668 30. 703 30. 717 30. 723 30. 738 30. 761 30. 782 30. 785 30. 801 30.564 30. S01 30. 262 .539 Mar. 2... 30. 715 30. 735 30. 728 30. 696 30. 079 30. 652 30. 036 30 616 30. 596 30. 587 30.744 30.820 30. 587 .239 Mar. 3 . . . 30. 293 30. 270 30. 244 30. 222 30. 195 30. 150 30.135 30. 100 30. 083 30. 055 30. 342 30. 569 30. 053 .514 Mar. i ... 29. 042 29. 621 29.018 29. 628 29. 632 29. 645 29. 652 29. 647 29. 606 29. 691 29. 750 30. 017 29. 618 .399 Mar. 5... 30. 000 30. 014 30. 030 30. 053 30. 069 30. 082 30. 102 30. 105 30. 122- 30. 135 29. 926 30. 135 29. 694 . 441 Mar. . . . 30. 053 30. 031 30. 016 29. 998 29. 980 29. 966 29. 961 29. 946 29. 923 29. 911 30. 060 30. 142 29. 911 .231 Mar. 1 ... 29. 641 29. 626 29. 607 29. 585 29. 500 29. 548 29. 546 29. 531 29. 533 29. 530 29. 703 29. S88 29. 530 .353 Mar. 8... 29. 558 29. 587 29. 615 29. 039 29. 654 29. 673 29. 699 29. 719 29. 737 29. 704 29.5(57 29. 764 29.480 .284 Mar. 9... 29. 956 29. 967 29. 973 29. 983 29. 095 29. 995 30. 028 30. 044 30. 008 30. 087 29. 930 30. 087 29. 755 .332 Mar. 10 . . . 30.-202- 30. 214 30. 232 30. 244 30. 252 30. 254 30.260 30. 266 30. 272 30. 286 30. 187 30. 286 30. 082 .204 Mar. 11 . . . 30. 1S1 30. 152 30. 150 30. 125 30. 100 30. 0S7 30. 067 30. 038 30. 024 30. 016 30. 188 30. 294 30. 016 .27S Mar. 12... 30. 013 30. 023 30. 045 30. 055 30. 069 30. 082 30. 105 30. Ill 30. 129 30. 139 30. 021 30. 139 29. 9G6 .173 Mar. 13 ... 30. 312 30.331 30. 330 30.351 30. 354 30.361 30. 304 30. 370 30. 377 30. 382 30. 278 30. 382 30. 142 .240 Mar. 14... 30. 421 30. 427 30. 423 30. 423 30.413 30. 405 30. 402 30. 405 30. 400 30. 395 30.402 30. 427 30. 375 .052 Mar. 15... 30. 360 30. 349 30. 331 30.310 30. 297 30. 285 30. 269 30. 266 30. 272 30. 262 30. 336 30. 418 30. 262 .156 Mar. 16 . . . 30. 142 30. 132 30. 137 30. 133 30. US 30. 118 30. 134 30. 141 30. 154 30. 153 30. 179 30.249 30. 132 .117 Mar. 17 . . . 30. 107 30. 102 30.110 30. 138 30. 125 30. 105 30. 096 30. 031 30. 068 30. 052 30. 152 30. 204 30. 052 .152 Mar. 18... 29.915 29. 914 29. 900 29. 888 29. 883 29. 870 29. 877 29. 866 29. 860 29. 860 29. 939 30. 032 29. 860 .172 Mar. 19... 29. 889 29. 885 29. 885 29. 881 29. 881 29. 875 29. 876 29. 872 29. 877 29. 884 29. 883 29. 897 29. 860 .037 Mar. 20 . . . 30. 039 30. 014 30. 048 30. 056 30. 060 30. 063 30. 073 30. 079 30. 074 30. 075 29. 989 30. 079 29. 875 .204 Mar. 21 . . . 29. 925 29. 909 29. 887 29. 861 29. 815 29. 836 29. 817 29. 796 29. 788 29.772 29. 945 30. 067 29. 772 .295 Mar. 22 . . . 29. 059 29. 658 29. 654 29. 653 29. 067 29. 675 29. 690 29. 715 29. 732 29. 760 29. 089 29. 700 29. 646 .114 Mar. 23... 30. 116 30. 115 30. 106 30. 104 30. 101 30. 101 30. 087 30. 057 30. 041 30. 019 30. 007 30.116 29. 776 .340 Mar. 24... 29. 758 29. 748 29. 701 29. 700 29. 697 29. 666 29. 658 29. 653 29. 610 29. 625 29. 788 29. 986 29. 625 .361 Mar. 25 ... 29. 593 29. 005 29. 624 29. 659 29. 687 29.717 29. 746 29. 772 29. 785 29. 807 29. 639 29. 807 29. 563 .244 Mar. 26 . . . 29. 639 29. 624 29. 602 29. 580 29. 562 29. 518 29. 554 29. 545 29. 546 29. 552 29. 694 29. 836 29. 545 .291 Mar. 27... 29. 681 29. 714 29. 740 29. 706 29. 786 29. 795 29. 819 29. 830 29. 843 29. 862 29. 688 29. 802 29.541 .321 Mar. 28... 29. 823 29. 800 29. 801 29. 794 29. 780 29. 766 29. 761 29. 754 29. 746 29. 741 29. 853 29. 945 29. 741 .204 Mar. 29... 29. 795 29. 811 29.818 29. 847 29. 809 29. 879 29. 888 29. 900 29. 905 29. 920 29. 796 29. 920 29. 727 .193 Mar. 30... 29. 966 29. 973 20. 977 29. 970 29. 975 29. 961 29. 968 29. 974 29. 970 29. 985 29. 957 29. 985 29. 920 .065 Mar. 31... 30. 004 30. 027 30. 047 30. 057 30. 076 30. 088 30. 108 30. 130 30. 154 30. 170 30. 028 30. 170 29. 97S .192 Means .. 30. C04 30. 005 30. 004 30. 004 30. 003 30.000 30. 004 30. 004 30. 006 1 30. 009 i 30. 008 30. 132 29. 882 .230 222 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Tables slioicing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Barometer above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a.m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. a. m. 7 a. m. S a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a.m. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p.m. 1S83. Apr. 1 . . . 30.197 30.214 30. 240 30. 2G1 30. 280 30. 285 3-0. 205 30. 300 30. 326 30. 331 30. 346 30. 352 30. 365 30. 368 Apr. 2... 30. 374 30. 384 30. 3S3 30. 379 30. 379 30. 372 30. 370 30. 361 30. 356 30. 348 30. 332 30. 325 30. 323 30.315 Apr. .'!... 30. 240 : ;o.24:i 30. 240 30. 249 30. 252 30. 254 30. 255 30. 252 '30. 256 30. 258 30. 255 30. 257 30. 202 30. 276 Apr. 4 . . . 30. 252 30. 250 30. 245 30.210 30. 235 30. 227 30. 222 30. 210 30. 195 30. 183 30. 180 30. 100 30.15G 30.139 Apr. 5 . . . 30. 013 30. 009 30. 013 30. 003 29. 999 29. 984 29. 979 29. 977 29. 9GG 20. 963 29. 964 29. 957 23. 953 29. 956 Apr. 6 . . . 29. 849 20. 8G3 29. 848 20. 846 29. 839 29. 636 29. 823 29. 807 29. 79G 29. 787 29. 7G9 20. 7C3 29. 7G1 29. 752 Apr. 7 ... 29. 0S0 29. GS2 20. 676 29. 67G 29. 673 29. 675 29. 677 29. 0S4 29. 680 29. 670 29. 6S8 29. 0S1 29. 683 29. 086 Apr. 8... 29. COO 20. COO 29. 700 20. C07 29. 699 29. 694 29. 602 29. 685 29. 678 29. 6G5 29. 649 20. 053 29. 654 29. 634 Apr. . . . 29. 577 29. 582 29. 582 29. 579 29. 594 29. 57G 29. 573 29. 504 29. 549 29. 543 29. 531 29. 522 29. 508 20. 405 Apr. 10... 29. 347 29.332 20. 333 20.332 29. 343 29. 342 29. 34G 29. 357 29. 302 29. 309 29. 37G 29. 380 29. 380 29. 404 Apr. 11 ... 20. 529 io 5'9 20. 54 G 29. 557 29. 576 29. 594 20. 613 29. 020 29. 629 29. 642 29. 657 29. GG3 29. G71 29. 788 Apr. 12... 20. 785 29. 792 20. 800 29. 807 29. 823 29. 828 29. 838 29. 840 29. 847 29. 847 29. 857 29. 850 29. 853 29. 854 Apr. 13 ... 29. 803 29. S95 20. S97 29. 902 29.917 29. 933 29. 937 29. 940 29. 946 29. 951 29. 964 29.970 29. 983 29. 995 Apr. 14 . . . 30. 098 30. 102 30.116 30. 115 30. 128 30.131 30. 132 30.137 30. 136 30. 143 30. 143 30. 141 30. 142 30. 141 Apr. 13... 30. 10G 30. 120 30. 100 30. 115 30. 113 3 . 107 # 30. 101 30. 094 30. 097 30. 095 30. 092 30. 095 30. 091 30. 094 Apr. 10 ... 30. 002 30. 102 30. 102 30. 106 30. 120 30. 127 30.134 30. 142 30. 147 30. 153 30. 152 30. 102 30. 103 30. 162 Apr. 17... 30. 1C4 30. 174 30.161 30.1G3 30. 170 30. 171 30. 170 30. 163 30. 159 30.157 30.158 30. 151 30.145 .'ID. 139 Apr. 18... 30. 077 30. 072 30. 009 30. 059 30, 063 30. 064 30. 049 30. 041 30. 028 30. 020 30. 008 29. 900 29. 976 20. OiiO Apr. 10..: 20. 792 20. 775 29. 764 29. 7C8 29. 703 29. 743 29. 730 29. 734 29. 716 29. 700 29. 695 29. 087 29. 691 20. 074 Apr. 20 . . . 20. C10 20. G12 29. C09 29. 607 29. G01 29. 602 29. 598 29. 594 29. 589 29. 58G 20. 589 29. 59G 29. GOO 20. 509 Apr. 21 . . . 20. 732 20. 734 29. 753 20. 774 29. 797 29. 813 29. 827 29. 838 20. 834 29. 87G 29. 903 29.917 29. 913 20. 005 Apr. 22 . . . 30.182 30. 202 30.219 30. 224 30. 250 30. 2C2 30. 203 30. 270 30. 282 30. 304 30. 310 30.310 30. 309 30. 303 Apr. 23... 30. 300 30. 300 30. 298 30. 280 30. 285 30. 288 30. 278 30. 272 30. 272 30. 2G5 30. 242 30. 229 30. 217 30.211 Apr. 24... 30. 087 30. 0G2 30. 044 30. 039 30. 030 30. 020 30. 000 29. 907 29. 919 29. 032 29. 929 29. 900 29. 89S 20. 889 Apr. 25 ... 20. 793 29. S00 29. 7S8 29. 737 29. 783 29. 785 29. 7&5 29. 786 29. 783 29. 789 29. 793 29. 799 29. 810 2!). 823 Apr. 20 . . . 29. 972 29. 981 29. 983 29. 9S5 30. 008 30. 011 30. 027 30. 034 30. 038 30. 041 30. 051 30. 055 30. 063 " 30. 008 Apr. 27 ... 30. 144 30. 1.1G 30. 1C0 30. 1G7 SO. 1G3 30. 172 30. 174 30.180 30. 188 30.191 30. 197 30. 201 30.214 30.213 Apr. 28... 30. 270 30. 288 30. 303 30. 310 30. 333 30. 336 30. 343 30. 346 30. 356 30. 300 30. 370 30. 385 30. 390 3D. 400 Apr. 29... 30. 473 30. 4S4 30. 488 30.409 30. 511 30.514 30. 512 30. 517 30. 526 30. 523 30.531 30. 537 30. 530 30. 533 Apr. 30 . . . 30. 530 30. 520 30. 529 30. 527 30. 537 30. 532 30. 531 30. 529 30. 522 30. 52G 30. 529 30. 532 30. 528 30. 536 Means 29.996 29. 999 30. 001 30. 002 30. 009 30. 000 30. 010 30. 009 30. 008 30. 008 30. 009 30. 008 30. 009 30.013 Date. 3 p. m. £ p. m. o p. ni. 6 p.m. 7 p. m. S p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p. m. 11 p.m. 12 p.m. Daily means. Max. Min. Eange. 1883. Apr. 1 ... 30. 370 30. 376 30. 390 30. 384 30. 385 30. 302 30. 392 30. 388 30. 386 30. 382 30. 334 30. 392 30.197 .105 Apr. 2 . . . 30. 314 30.310 30. 305 30. 305 30. 29G 30. 275 30. 207 30. 259 30. 253 30. 253 30. 327 30. 3S8 30. 253 .135 Apr. 3... 30. 277 30. 28G 30. 287 30. 281 30. 273 30. 270 30. 204 30. 2G0 30. 250 30. 262 30. 262 30. 287 30. 249 .03S Apr. 4 . . . 30. 13S 30. 123 30. 108 30. 00S 30. 0S4 30. 003 30. 045 30. 038 30. 032 30. 024 30.132 30. 252 30. 024 . 228 Apr. 5 . . . 20.015 29. 942 29. 941 29. 036 29. 025 29. 911 29. 904 29. 901 29. 800 29. SS3 29. 953 30. 013 29. 883 .130 Apr. C... 20. 748 29. 737 29. 727 29. 720 29.711 29. 703 29. 694 29. 691 29. 089 29. 679 29. 7G8 29. 863 29. 679 .181 Apr. 7 ... 20. CS9 20. 603 29. C95 29. 704 20. 702 29. 702 29. 69G 29. 702 29. 701 29. 716 29. GS8 29. 710 29. 670 . 040 Apr. 8 . . . 29. C32 29. 629 29.617 29. 593 20.501 29. 592 29. 591 29. 586 29. 587 29. 585 29. 616 20. 700 29. 585 .121 Apr. 9 . . . 29. 470 29. 4G7 29. 445 29. 427 20. 419 29. 302 29. 385 29. 374 29. 303 29. 340 29.495 29. 582 29. 316 .236 Apr. 10 ... 29.419 29. 419 29. 43G 29. 442 29. 450 20. 4G3 29. 475 29. 479 29. 505 29. 520 29.401 20. 520 20.332 .188 Apr. 11 ... 29. 702 29. 711 29.711 29. 731 20.715 29. 755 29. 7G5 29. 775 29. 783 29. 701 29. G70 29. 701 29. 529 .202 Apr. 12 29. 8G4 29. SG3 29. 860 29. 862 29. S02 29. 805 29. 881 29. 883 29. 889 29. 894 29. 848 29. 804 29. 785 .109 Apr. 13... 30.013 30. 01S 30. 01G 30. 025 30.031 30. 045 30. 000 30. 070 30. 083 30. 094 29. 983 30. 094 29. 893 .201 Apr. 14... 30. 140 30.138 30. 13G 30. 135 30.135 30. 122 30.112 30.113 30.112 30.100 30.127 30.143 30. 098 . 045 Apr. 15... 30. 00G 30. 090 30. 100 30. 094 30. 0S9 30. 087 30. 0S9 30. 092 30. 095 30. 102 30. 099 30. 120 30. 087 .033 Apr. 10... 30. 1G2 30. 103 30. 1G7 30. 1G2 30. 102 30. 100 30.161 30.161 30. 103 30. 105 30. 140 30. 103 30. 092 . 073 Apr. 17 ... 30.143 30. 138 30. 12G 30. 126 30. 115 30.115 30. 1 10 ' 30.104 30. 093 30. 090 30.142 30.174 30. 090 .084 Apr. 18... 20. 955 29. 943 29. 921 29. 901 20. 802 29. 804 29. 855 29. 840 29. 823 29.813 29. 970 30. 077 29. 813 .264 Apr. 10 ... 29. C73 29. 072 29. 054 29. 647 29. 637 29. 030 29. G35 29. 628 20. 028 29. 025 29. 695 20. 702 29. 625 .167 Apr. 20 . . . 29. 605 20. G14 29. 622 29. G2G 29. 627 29. 049 29. GG1 29. 676 29. 094 29. 709 29. 620 29. 709 29. 586 .123 Apr. 21 ... 20. 992 30. 007 30. 031 30. 049 30. 004 30. 079 30. 110 30.131 30. 153 30.172 29. 939 30. 172 29. 732 .410 Apr. 22 ... 30. 321 30. 325 30. 320 30.314 30.321 30. 324 30.321 30. 322 30. 318 30.313 30. 288 30. 325 30. 1 82 . 143 Apr. 23... 30. 203 30. 200 30. 175 30.150 30.155 30.143 30. 140 30. 124 39.111 30.104 30. 210 30. 300 30.101 .196 Apr. 24... 29. 874 20. 870 29. 855 29. 827 29. 825 29. 833 29. 828 29.816 29. 807 29. 799 20. 920 30. 087 29. 799 .28S Apr. 25 ... 29. 81G 20. SCI 29. 8GS 29. 872 29. 891 29. S93 29. 923 29. 923 29. 93S 29. 94G 20. 836 20: 940 29. 783 .163 Apr. 2G . . . 30. 074 30. 003 30. 090 30.102 30. Ill 30. 120 30. 133 30.110 30.135 30. 133 30. 060 30. 135 29. 972 . 103 Apr. 27... 30.214 30. 221 30. 225 30. 220 30. 234 30. 244 30. 258 30. 202 30. 209 30. 278 30. 200 30. 27S 30.144 . 134 Aw. 28... 30.410 30. 41 G 30. 424 30. 426 30. 430 30. 430 30. 414 30. 454 30. 400 30. 454 30. 381 30. 400 30. 279 181 Apr. 29... 30. 541 30.552 30.541 30. 53G 30. 535 30. 530 30. 533 30. 535 30. 541 30. 541 30.525 30.552 30. 478 .074 Apr. 30... 30. 531 30.0 I3~ 30. 516 30. 508 30. 502 30. 502 30. 513 30. 510 30. 509 30. 507 30. 001 30. 522 30. 537 30. 301 29. 026 .036 Means 30.013 30. 010 30. 007 30. 007 30. 000 30. 008 30. 007 30. 009 30. 009 30. 007 30. 082 "Tl5G EXPEDITION TO POINT BAPROW, ALASKA. 223 Tables allowing pressure of air at Uglaamiefrom October, 1881, to August, 18S3 — Continued. [Barometer above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. in. 3 a. ii!. 4 a. in. 5 a. m. a. in. 7 a. m. S a. in. !l a. in. 1(1 a, in. 11 a. in. 12 in. 1 p. in. 2 p. m, 1SS3. May ] 30. 525 30. 522 30.535 3U.5IO 30. 543 30.541 3.1.5)4 30. 541 30.552 30. 563 30. 566 30. 57S 50, 576 30.582 May 2.... 30.548 30.513 30, 535 30. 546 30. 538 30.530 30. 532 30. 520 30.506 30. 505 30.498 30.480 30.465 30. -Hill 31 av 3 30.271 30. 2G2 30. 255 30.253 3d. 235 30.240 39.232 30. 222 30.205 30. 205 30, 203 30. 205 30. 20!) 30. 185 May 4.... 30.033 30.011 29.987 29. 975 29. 965 20.953 29.941 29, 925 29.910 29. 905 29. 876 29.858 9 852 29. 830 May 5 29.056 29.629 29. 013 29. 590 29. 570 29.564 29. 557 29. 548 29. 531 29. 509 29, 508 29.515 29.517 29 532 Hay 6.... 29. B73 29. G90 29.691 29. 60S 29. 7(17 20.718 29. 733 '_'!). 73S 29. 744 20. 758 29.784 29. 780 2!). 815 29.819 Mav 7... 29. 793 29. 791 29. 768 20. 758 29. 751 29.728 29. 719 29. 700 29. 690 29.084 29. 670 29. 655 29. 635 29 623 May 8.... 29. 001 29.649 29. 664 29. 078 29. 707 29. 722 29. 740 3:'. 753 29. 767 29. 788 29. 802 29.812 29.815 29. 828 Mav 'J.... 29. 820 29. 800 29 806 2!'. 785 2D. 772 21.751 29. 741 29.717 29. 695 29.701 29. 085 29. 670 29. 61!) 20. G18 May 10.... 29.018 _ 29.062 29. 000 29. 003 29. G70 29. 071 29. 069 29. 676 29. 673 29. 692 29. 695 29. 094 29. 698 29. 709 Mav 11..-. 29. 865 29. S82 29. 891 29. 900 29. 915 29. 925 2' 933 29. 933 29. 925 29. 931 29. 946 29. 035 29. 930 29. 930 Mav 12.... " .' 29. 885 29.893 29. 897 29. 903 29. 909 29. 623 29. 929 29. 932 29. 934 29. 940 29. 952 29. 975 29. 987 May 13.... 29. 985 29. 997 29. 989 29. 999 29.999 30. 001 29. 997 29. 993 29. 977 29. 970 29. 959 29. 955 29. 948 29. 941 May 14.... 29.832 29. 815 23.785 29. 777 29. 705 29. 72!) 29. 709 29. 6S1 29. 655 29. 024 29.021 29. 597 2!). 5S4 29. 585 May 15 29. 522 29. 506 29. 500 29. 494 29. 480 20. 400 29. 451 29. 437 29. 421 29. 404 29. 378 29.365 29. 357 29. 335 May lb' 29. 181 29. 176 29. 160 29. 171 29.160 29. 157 29. 158 29. 153 29. 140 29. 133 09. 135 29.130 29.1,36 29. 132 May 17.... 29. 234 29. 253 29. 272 29. 271 29. 299 29.317 29. 332 29. 347 29. 361 29. 378 29. 392 29.407 29. 432 29.450 May 18.... 29.610 29. 021 29. 638 29. 052 29. 677 29. 088 29. 700 29. 712 29. 720 29. 731 29. 749 29. 762 29. 774 29. 782 May 19.... 29. 833 29. S13 29. 849 29. 84!) 29. 803 29. 871 29. 875 29. 880 29. 879 29. 897 29. 892 29. 897 29. 902 29. 005 May 20.... 29. 953 29. 952 29. 953 29, 968 29. 978 20. 983 29. 993 30. 003 30. 005 30. 013 30. 013 30. 018 30. 026 30. 03S Mav 21.... 1.039 30. 039 30. 041 30. 041 30. 040 3H.04!) 30. 053 30. 054 30. 040 30. 040 30. 047 30. 041 30. 037 30. 034 May 22.... 29. 900 29. 953 29. 94C 29.945 29.941 29.928 29. 928 29. 920 29. 900 29. 890 29. 893 29. 891 29. 890 29. 889 Mar 23.... 29.814 29. S09 29. 803 29. 803 . 29. 801 29. 795 29. 795 29. 789 29. 780 29. 782 29. 772 29. 772 29.771 23. 774 May24.... 29. 759 29.710 29. 710 29. 74S 29. 737 29.743 29. 741 29. 741 29. 743 29. 752 29. 760 29. 772 29. 779 29. 781 May 25.... 29. 855 29. 867 29. 872 29. 8S0 29. 895 29. 901 29. 907 29.910 29. 910 29. 925 29. 934 29. 930 29. 941 29. 947 May 20.... 29. 99S 29. 99.9 29. 990 39.997 30. 017 30. 022 30. 022 30. 02S 30. 030 30. 036 30. 043 30. 039 30. 042 30. 050 May 27 30. 007 30. 058 30. 05!) 30. 060 30. 076 30. 084 30. 090 30. 097 30. 094 30. 100 30. 107 30. 107 30. 119 30. 138 Mav 28.... 30.100 30. 101 30. 172 30. 159 30. 70S 30.103 30. 170 30. 104 30. 159 30. 152 30. 161 30. 149 30. 151 30. 150 May 29.... 30. 035 30. 017 30. 015 30. 000 30. 000 29. 987 29. 909 29. 958 29. 946 29. 933 29. 921 29. 901 29. 895 29. 890 May 30.... 29. 872 29. S90 29. 895 29. 903 29. 920 'J!). 920 29. 933 29. 929 29. 940 29.942 29. 945 29. 945 29. 944 29. 947 May 31.... 29. 804 29. S53 29. 850 29. 849 29. 855 29. 832 29.817 29. 811 29. 793 29. 794 29. 790 29. 780 29. 7S6 29. 785 Means — 29. 869 29. 864 29. 860 29. 807 29.870 29. 808 29. SOS 29. 865 29. 859 29. 801 29. 861 29. S58 29. SCO 29.801 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. ui. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. 7 p. m. S p. m. 9 p. in. 10 p. m. 11 p.m. 12 p. m. Daily mcaris. Max. Min. Range. 1833. Mav 1.--. 30. 579 30. 585 30. 584 30.587 30. 570 30. 566 30. 575 30. 575 30. 576 30. 569 30.501 30.587 30. 522 .005 May 2.... 30. 447 30. 434 30.413 30. 380 30. 366 30. 344 30. 334 30. 322 30. 303 30. 285 30. 452 30. 548 30. 285 .203 30. 173 30. 100 30. 148 30. 140 30. 118 50.100 30. 090 30. 07S 30. 061 30. 044 30. 179 30. 271 30. 044 .277 May 4.... 29. 821 29. 809 29. 788 29. 775 29. 759 29. 732 29. 729 29. 706 29. 700 29. 677 29. 855 30. 033 29. 077 .356 May ->.... 29. 553 29. 567 °9 57° 29. 5S9 29. 001 29. 624 29. 030 29. 653 29. 660 29. 679 29. 583 29. 679 29. 515 .104 May 0.... 29. 825 29. S35 29. 820 29. 817 29. 815 29. 813 29. S17 29.816 29. 798 29. 787 29. 770 29. 835 29. G73 . 102 May 7.... 29.631 29. 037 29. 020 29.621 29. 621 29. 032 29. 636 29. 638 29. 649 29. 654 29. 680 29. 793 29. 021 .172 Mav 8 29. 835 29. 855 29. 853 29. 853 29. 848 29. 844 29. 850 29. 844 29. 838 29. 827 29. 785 29. 855 29. 061 .194 May 9 29. 021 29. 626 29. 602 29. 605 29. 604 29. 602 29. 015 29. 012 29. 630 29. 642 29. 683 29. 820 29. 602 .218 Mav 10.... 29. 736 29. 753 29. 763 29. 791 29. S12 29. 823 29. 833 29. 845 29. 850 29. 853 29. 731 29. 853 29. 648 .205 May 11.... 29. 932 29. 916 29. 907 29. 907 29. 909 29. 897 29. 900 29. 893 29. 885 29. 887 29. 912 29. 946 29. 865 .081 May 12.... 29. 995 29. 999 29. 990 29. 9S2 29. 989 29. 987 29. 991 29. 989 30. 001 29. 999 29. 953 30. 00.1 29. 872 .123 MaylS.... 29. 937 29. 940 29. 927 29. 911 29. 897 29. 890 29. 879 29. 867 29. 858 29. 847 29.944 30. 001 29. 847 .154 May 14.... 29. 589 29. 582 29. 573 29.574 29. 564 29. 546 29. 540 29. 540 29. 538 29. 523 29. 639 29. 785 29. 523 .262 May 15 29. 314 29. 291 29. 273 29. 255 29. 233 29. 229 29. 225 29. 213 29. 197 29. 193 29. 356 29. 522 29. 193 .329 May 16 29. 133 29.142. 29. 146 29.151 29. 160 29. 170 29. 18S 29. 200 29. 209 29. 221 29.100 29. 221 29.130 .091 May 17 29. 472 29. 492 29. 505 29.521 29. 528 29. 549 29. 568 29. 585 29. 593 29. 006 29. 424 29. 000 29. 234 .372 MaylS.... 29. 791 29. 798 29. 803 29. S03 29. 818 29. 823 29. 828 29. 832 29. 840 29. 843 29. 750 29. 843 29. 610 .233 May 19 29. 912 29. 913 29.914 29. 923 29. 928 29. 934 29. 937 29. 937 29. 941 29. 948 29. 896 29. 948 29. 833 . 115 May 20.... 30. 045 30. 044 30. 030 30. 036 30. 030 30. 034 30.012 30. 041 30. 047 30. 041 30. 012 30. 047 29. 952 .095 May 21.... 30. 032 30. 029 30. 013 30. 015 30. 007 30. 002 29. 990 29. 9S0 29. 971 29. 959 30. 026 30. 054 29. 959 .095 May 22 29. 883 29. 875 29. 861 29. 852 29, 847 29. 838 29. 831 29. 824 29. 819 29. 807 29. 888 29. 960 29. 807 .153 May23.._. 29. 772 29. 770 29. 707 29. 765 29. 759 29. 759 23. 762 29. 762 29. 759 29. 759 29. 779 23. S14 29. 759 .055 Mav 24.... 29. 797 29. 821 29. 826 29. 837 29. 843 29. 850 29. 852 29. 855 29. 856 29. 866 29. 790 29. 860 29. 737 .129 May 25 29. 958 29. 963 29. 973 29. 978 29. 979 29. 977 29. 996 29. 997 29,995 30. 000 29. 937 30. 000 29. 855 .145 May 26.... 30. 003 30. 068 30. 063 30. 060 30. 000 30. 065 30. 007 30. 060 30. 070 30. 074 30. 041 30. 074 29. 990 .078 May 27 30. 147 30. 151 30. 153 30.150 30. 153 30. 101 30. 105 30. 171 30. 170 30.170 30. 119 30. 176 30. 058 .118 May 28 30. 149 30. 148 30. 137 30. 133 30. 121 30. 099 30. 095 30. 085 30. 081 30. 058 30. 139 30. 172 30. 058 .114 May 29.... 29. 897 29. 891 29. 838 29. 885 29. 885 29. 883 29. 832 29. 880 29. 885 29. 883 29. 931 30. 035 29. 882 .153 May 30 29. 952 29. 947 29. 945 29.951 29. 925 29. 924 29. 910 29. 898 29. 888 29. 877 29. 922 29. 952 29. 872 .080 May 31.... 29. 783 29. 778 29. 773 29. 759 29. 759 29. 756 29. 757 29. 760 29. 760 29. 761 29. 790 29. 864 29.75G .108 Means ... 29. 804 29. 865 29. 360 29. 858 29. 855 29. 853 29. 856 29. 854 29. 853 29.850 29. 861 29.941 29. 776 .105 224 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Tables showing pressure of air at Uglaamic from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Barometer above sea, 17 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, 5 hours, 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. in. 5 a. m. 6 a. in. 7 a. m. 8 a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a.m. 11 a.m. 12 m. 1p.m. 2 p.m. 1S83. June 1 29. 7G8 29. 775 29. 779 29. 778 29. 785 29. 789 29. 792 29. 789 29. 793 29. 798 29. 800 29. 799 29.798 ; 29. 802 Juno 2.... 29. 743 29. 751 29. 754 29. 764 29. 765 29. 770 29. 775 29. 779 29. 776 29. 786 29. 794 29. 794 29.801 : 29. 796 Juno 3 29. 759 29. 75G 29. 758 29. 774 29. 786 29. 791 29. 806 29. 818 29. 818 29. 826 29. 839 20. 855 £9. 865 "9.879 June 4 29. 941 29. 958 29. 9GG 29. 969 29. 975 29. 991 29. 993 29. 998 30. 004 30. 006 30. 021 30. 027 30.030 • 30. 034 Juno 5 30. 085 30. 087 30. 089 30. 093 30. 009 30. 106 30. 110 30.103 30. 112 30. 104 30. 105 30. 105 30.108 30. Ill June G 30. 129 30.137 30.140 30. 146 30.147 30. 147 30. 146 30. 135 30. 134 30. 124 30. 114 30. 108 30.101 30. 097 Juno 7 30. 108 30. 123 30. 121 30. 123 30. 133 30. 137 30. 135 30. 134 30. 132 30. 122 30. 121 30. 124 30.121 , 30. 119 June 8 30. 013 30. 022 30. 020 30. 010 30. 026 30. 019 30. 019 30. 024 30. 019 30. 009 30. Oil 30. 017 30.013 J 30. 012 June 9 29. 9SS 29. 982 29.990 29. 990 29. 995 29. 991 30. 002 30. 006 30. 000 30. 006 30. 003 30. 018 30.022 30. 030 June 10... 30. 145 30. 150 SO. 173 30. 173 30. 191 30. 197 30. 205 30. 205 30. 200 30. 200 30. 200 30.194 30.1S8 30.188 Juno 11... 30. 048 30. 042 30. 030 30. 020 30. 025 30. 021 30. 013 29. 995 29. 981 29. 970 29. 960 29. 939 29. 935 1 29. 933 June 12... 29. 798 29. 793 29. 780 29. 782 29. 777 29. 754 29. 751 29. 740 29. 725 29. 719 29. 718 29. 708 29.697 | 29. 691 June 13... 29. 578 29. 575 29. 567 29. 570 29. 564 29. 556 29. 557 29. 558 29.544 29.547 29. 551 29. 565 29. 571 29.584 Juno 14... 29. 59G 29. 583 29. 591 29. 586 29. 603 29. 606 29. 609 29. 604 29.612 29. 614 29. 613 29. 615 29.621 29. 035 June 13... 29. 7G6 29. 785 29. 800 29. 818 29. 830 29. 846 29. 852 29. 868 29. 879 29. 886 29. 890 29. 901 29.920 : 29. 927 June 1C... 30. 001 30. 003 30. 008 30. 018 30. 035 30. 043 30. 043 30. 044 30. 047 30. 048 30. 050 30. 058 30.067 30. 071 June 17... 30. 124 30. 129 30. 337 30. 143 30.152 30. 155 30. 1G0 30. 1G0 30. 157 30. 157 30. 105 30. 166 30.103 30. 164 June 18... 30. 135 30.3 34 30. 140 30. 136 30. 148 30. 161 30.161 30.158 30. 1G1 30. 102 30. 166 30. 160 30.105 30. 107 June 19... 30. 192 30. 194 30. 200 30. 202 30. 206 30. 209 30.214 30. 210 30. 210 30.210 30. 209 30. 197 30. 195 J0.2 1 Juno 20... 30. 159 30.155 30.151 30. 141 30. 148 30. 151 30. 154 30. 151 30. 143 30. 133 30. 127 30.127 30.123 . 30.110 June 21... 30. 02G 30. 019 30. 021 30. 021 30. 023 30. 026 30. 023 30. 022 30. 014 30. 008 30. 069 30. 000 29. 994 29. 999 Juno 22... 29. 909 29. 901 29. 903 . 29. 895 29. S95 29. 892 29. 883 29. 883 29. 876 29. 876 29. 869 29. 8C7 29. 859 • 29. 858 Juno 23... 29. 793 29. 805 29.812 29. 803 29. 809 29. 804 29. 800 29. 78S 29 790 29. 793 "29.786 29. 7S0 29. 773 29. 767 June 24... 29. 740 29. 749 29. 746 29. 756 29. 765 29. 7G6 29. 760 29. 763 29. 764 29. 7G7 29. 769 29. 766 29. 760 29. 701 June 25... 29. 825 29. 841 20. 847 29. 855 ' 29.871 29. 882 29. 885 29. S9S 29. 903 29. 905 29. 902 29.9U2 29. 912 29. 916 June 2G... 29. 940 29. 945 29. 958 29. 955 29. 965 29. S08 29. 970 29. 973 29. 970 29. 968 29. 970 29. 972 29. 977 29. 984 June 27... 29. 955 29. 957 29. 9G0 29. 955 29. 963 29. S68 29. 959 29. 956 29. 948 29. 941 29. 932 29. £99 29. 884 29. 864 Juno 28... 29. 637 29. C22 29. 607 29. C02 29. 599 29. 5S6 29. 582 29. 584 29. 573 29. 559 29. 566 29. 559 29. 563 29. 571 Juno 29... 29.653 29. 059 29. 667 29. 683 29. 693 29. G90 29. 691 29. 689 29. 697 29. 707 29. 722 29. 731 29. 735 29. 747 June 30... 29. 726 29. 740 29. 730 29. 739 29. 754 29. 755 29. 753 29. 747 29. 740 29. 744 29. 745 29. 755 29. 702 29. 767 Means .. 29.909 29. 912 29. 915 29. 917 29. 924 29. 926 29. 927 29. 926 29. 924 29. 923 29. 924 29. 924 29. 924 29. 913 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p.m. 5 p. m. (5 p. m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p.m. Daily means. Max. Mm. Range. 1883. June 1 29. 801 29. 795 29. 792 29. 784 29. 775 29. 702 29. 757 29. 758 29. 751 29. 747 29. 782 29. 802 29.747 .035 June 2 29. 795 29. 796 29. 794 29. 790 29. 780 29. 777 29. 773 29. 709 29. 707 29. 763 29. 777 29. 801 29. 743 .058 June 3 29. 880 29. 883 29. S93 29. 893 29. 900 29. 908 29. 910 29. 923 29. 932 29. 940 29. S50 29. 940 29. 756 .184 June 4 30. 044 30. C48 30. CGI 30. 001 30. 063 30. 005 30. 069 30. 074 30. 077 30. 078 30. 023 30. 07S 29. 941 .137 June 5 30. 114 30. 123 30. 124 30. 132 30. 131 30. 129 30. 120 30. 131 30. 334 30.135 30. 112 30. 135 30. 085 .040 June G 30. 103 30.108 30.115 30. 122 30. 122 30. 117 30.118 30. 115 30.116 30.118 30. 127 30. 147 30. 097 .050 June 7 30. 123 30. 110 30. 097 30. 087 30. 076 30. 0G3 30. 054 30. 045 30. 030 30. 024 30. 103 30. 137 30. 024 .113 June 8 30. 013 30. 029 30. 026 30. 020 30. 020 30. 018 30.010 30. 005 29.D99 29. 991 30.015 30. 029 29. 991 .038 June 9 30. 045 30. C53 30. 058 30. 071 30. 079 30. 093 30. 100 30.123 30. 131 30. 143 30. 039 30. 143 29. 9S2 .161 June 10. .. 30. 185 30. 378 30. 104 30. 148 30. 150 30.131 30. 117 30.300 30. 0S4 30. 073 33.164 30. 205 30. 073 .132 June 11... 29. 930 29.919 29. 900 29. 895 29. 881 29. 850 29. 852 29. 840 29. 810 29. 801 ; 30. 048 29. 801 .247 June 12... 29. 08S 29. CS4 29. 671 29. 003 29. 653 29. 634 29. 625 29.1110 29. GOO 29. 591 2! . 702 29. 798 29. 591 .207 Juno 13... 29. 590 29. 602 29. 597 29. 599 29. 599 29. 599 29. 604 29. 599 29. 599 29. 59S 2! .578 29. C04 29.544 .060 June 14... 29. 644 29. 659 29. 672 29. 679 29. 691 29. 704 29. 715 29. 711 29. 728 29. 741 2 I C43 29.741 29. 583 . 158 June 15... 29. 937 29. 948 29. 953 29. 968 29. 973 29. 977 29. 981 29. 987 29. 997 30. 007 29. 904 30. 007 29. 700 .241 June 16... 30. 083 30. 087 30. 095 30. 099 30.103 30. 10S 30. 118 30. 120 30. 120 30. 127 30. 066 30. 127 30.001 .120 June 17... 30. 172 30. 173 30. 170 30.166 30. 10G 30. 165 30. 153 30. 154 30.152 30. 147 30.150 30. 17G 30.124 . 052 Juno IS... 30. 177 30. 179 30. ISO 30. 180 30. 180 SO. 189 30.189 30. 188 30. 192 30. 194 30. 107 30. 194 30. 1S4 .060 Juno 19... 30. 207 30.198 30. 186 30.184 30. 179 30. 172 30. 173 30. 167 30. 1GG 30. 159 30.193 30.214 30. 159 .055 June 20... 30. 118 30. 120 30. 100 30. 094 30. 082 30. 070 30. 058 30. 054 30. 052 30. 047 30.110 30. 155 SO. 047 .108 Juno 21... 30. 003 29. 995 29. 983 29. 975 29. 967 20. 952 29. 947 29. 945 29. 934 29. 922 29. 993 30. 02G 29.922 .104 Juno 22 . . . 29. 851 29. 853 29. 851 29. S35 29. 828 29. 825 29. 818 29.810 29. 817 29. 81J 29. SGI 29. 909 29.811 .098 Juno 23... 29. 703 29. 754 29. 744 29. 744 29. 739 29. 739 29. 748 29. 752 29. 753 29. 752 29. 775 29.812 29. 739 .073 June 24. .. 29. 770 29. 788 29. 796 29. 80G 29. 806 29. £07 29. 812 29.819 29. 824 29. 829 29. 779 29. 82!) 29. 740 .089 June 25... 29. 919 29. 923 29. 923 29. 923 29. 928 29. 928 29. 941 29. 943 29. 948 29. 945 29. 903 29. 948 29. 825 .123 June 26 .. 29. 983 29. 986 29. 987 29. 988 29. 988 29. 988 29. 989 29. 983 29. 975 29. 972 29. 973 29. 989 29. 940 .049 Juno 27... 29. 842 29. 834 29. 803 29. 795 29. 771 29. 752 29. 717 29. G97 29. 670 29. 058 29. 862 29. 968 29. 658 .310 Juno 28... 29. 578 29. G03 29. 611 29. G25 29. 627 29. 640 29. 635 29. 646 29. 652 29. 60 1 29. G04 29. 601 29. 559 .102 Juno 29... 29. 756 29. 762 29. 703 29. 763 29. 775 29. 787 29. 790 29. 793 29. 771 29. 757 29. 72S 29. 793 29. C53 .140 Juno 30... 29. 779 29. 793 29. 801 29. 805 29. 810 29. 808 29.815 29. 808 29. 807 29. 800 29. 770 29. S15 29. 720 .089 Means .. 29. 930 29.933 29. 931 29. 930 29. 928 29. 926 29. 924 29. 922 29. 920 29.918 29. 924 29. 974 29. S59 .115 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 225 Tables showing pressure of air at Uglaamic from October •, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Barometer above sea, 17 feet. AVashington mean time. Correction for mean local time — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1883. July 1 .- July 2 .. July 3 . . July 4 .. July 5 . - July . . Julv i . . July8 .. July 9 . . July 10 . July 11 . July 12 . July 13 . July 14 . July 15 . July 1C . July 17 . July 18 . July 10 . July 20 . July 21 . July 22 . July 2;i July 24 . July 25 . July 20 . July 27 . July 28 . July 29 . July 30 . July 31 . Means . I a. in. 29. 803 29 (173 29. 777 29. 772 29. 741 29. 001 29.041 29. 582 29. 893 29. 862 29. 791 29. 790 29. 842 29. 878 29. 972 30. 098 30. 027 29. 718 29. 590 20.521 29. 047 29. S55 29. 998 30. 157 30. 000 30. 035 29.S52 29. 803 29. COO 29. 780 29. 704 29. 741 29. 051 29. 635 29. 570 29. 604 29. 855 29. 788 29. 793 29. 844 29. 891 29. 985 30. 101 30. 015 29.717 29. 605 29. 534 29. 604 29. 867 30. 006 30. 1G0 30. 244 30. 258 30.195 30. 203 30. 023 30. 017 29.848 29. 830 29. 760 29. 770 30. 020 30. 023 29. 854 29. 808 29. (.72 29. 777 29. 754 29. 744 29. 654 29. 029 29. 570 29. 908 29. 854 29. 788 29. 800 29. 840 29. 890 29. 991 30. 112 30. 015 29. 714 29. 004 29. 541 29. 670 29. 879 30. 017 30. 169 30. 254 30. 192 30. 017 29. 838 29. 786 30. 035 30. 019 4 a. m. 29. 79S 29. 072 29. 785 29. 754 29. 753 29. 642 29. 634 29. 584 29.915 29. S54 29. 788 29. 804 29. 845 29. 895 30. 005 30.113 30. 016 29. 686 29. 599 29. 542 29. 681 29. 888 30. 021 30. 185 30. 256 30. 194 30. 017 29. 831 29. 801 30. 031 30. 011 29. 857 29. 858 5 a. i)i. a. in. 7 n. m. 8 a. m. I 1 29. 788 29. 777 29.774 29. 768 29. 694 29. 698 29. 715 29. 724 29. 790 29. 799 29. 796 29. 791 29. 763 29. 768 29. 759 29.754 29. 758 29. 700 29. 763 29. 702 29. 644 29. 631 29.619 29. 609 29. 653 29. 051 29. 630 29. 632 29. 594 29. 59S 29.615 29. 642 29. 928 29. 923 29. 923 29. 923 29. 858 29. 845 29. 836 29. 823 29. 801 29. 807 29. 803 29. 805 29. 821 29. 823 29. 823 29. 826 29. 863 29. 867 29. 865 29. 870 29. 905 29. 908 29.913 29. 918 30. 007 30. 012 30. 019 30. 02S 30. 119 30. 124 30.121 30. 117 30. 011 29. 995 29. 980 29. 908 29. 081 29. 670 29. 671 29. 648 29. 613 29. 610 29. 600 29. 007 29. 544 29. 546 29. 542 29. 544 29. 701 29. 704 29. 709 29. 722 29. 891 29. 893 29. 895 29."903 30. 039 30. 043 30. 047 30. 051 30. 205 30. 210 30. 211 30. 220 30.2C9 30. 203 30. 204 30. 264 30. 192 30. 181 30. 177 30. 170 30. 019 30. 013 30. 001 29. 999 29. 838 29. 833 29. 811 29. 803 29. 818 29. 831 29. 840 29. 850 30. 050 30. 061 30. COO 30. 073 30. 010 30. 015 30. 009 30. 003 29. 867 29. 860 29. 865 29. 865 i 1 !) a. m. 10 a.m. 11 a. m. __ 29. 708 i 29. 765 29. 718 I 29. 719 29. 773 29. 778 29. 747 29. 740 29. 758 29. 591 29. 619 29. 069 29. 911 29.810 29. 805 29. 829 29. 870 29. 924 30. 029 30. 114 29. 954 29. 038 29. 605 29. 543 29: 725 29. 905 30. 053 30. 228 30. 205 30. 107 29. 994 29. 791 29. S01 30. 073 29. 993 29. 755 29. 583 29. 614 29. 690 29. 914 29. 805 29. 805 29. 831 29. 800 29. 927 30. 034 30. 109 29. 942 29. 024 29. 000 29. 541 29. 731 29. 915 30. 064 30. 230 30. 263 30.161 29. 0S6 29. 789 29. 871 30. 074 29. 985 29.761 29. 724 29. 787 29.731 29. 753 29. 583 29. 609 29. 722 29. 912 29. 798 29. f 05 29. 839 29. 865 29. 929 30. 039 30. 113 29. 930 29. 621 29. 604 29. 542 29. 741 29. 923 io! 064 30. 238 30. 261 30.156 29. 980 29. 785 29. 880 30. 080 29. 978 29. 862 ! 29. 803 12 m. 29. 757 29. 726 29. 789 29. 730 29. 760 29. 582 29. 611 29. 742 29. 909 29. 795 29. 810 29. 834 29. 874 29. 933 30. 034 30. 101 29. 915 29.611 29. 598 29. 553 29. 744 29. 925 30. 070 30. 243 30. 260 30.14G 29. 909 29. 773 29. 896 30. 081 29. 975 1 p. m, 2 p. m. 29. 754 29. 719 29.794 29. I 29. 733 29. 578 29. 614 29. 758 29.911 29. 790 29. 817 29. 839 29. 863 29. 940 30. 054 30. 098 29. 905 29. G08 29. 001 29. 550 29. 753 29. 933 30. 083 30. 244 30. 208 30. 143 29. S50 29. 759 29. 922 30. 08G 29. 973 29. 804 29. 741 29. 733 29. 805 29. 719 29. 751 29. 576 29. 016 29. 779 29. 917 29. 791 29. 823 29. 841 29. 864 29. 947 30. C03 30. 102 29. 896 29. 602 29. 598 29. 5GG 29. 775 29. 942 30. 095 30.241 30. 264 30. 134 29. 952 29. 757 29. 938 30. 095 29. 971 29. 864 i 29. 80S Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. t> p. m. 7 p. in. 8 p. in. 9 p.m. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p.m. Daily means. Max. Min. Eange. 1883. Jnlyl .... 29. 738 29. 734 29. 730 29. 710 29. 709 29. 703 29. 701 29. 095 29. 690 29. 088 29. 749 29. 808 29. OSS .120 July 2 .... 29. 747 29. 756 29. 771 29. 789 29. 803 29. 797 29. 810 29. 804 29. 797 29. 792 29. 738 29.810 29. GOG .144 July 3 . . . . 29. 813 29. 820 29. 826 29. 831 29. 825 29. 816 29. 807 29. 801 29. 793 29. 785 29. 798 29. 831 29. 773 .058 July 4 29. 725 29. 734 29. 734 29. 739 29. 734 29. 737 29. 740 29. 730 29. 742 29. 743 29. 744 29. 772 29. 719 .053 July 5 .... 29. 752 29. 748 29. 744 29. 739 29. 731 29. 721 29. 714 29. 699 29. 687 29. 082 29. 740 29. 763 29. 682 .081 July 6 . . . . 29. 582 29. 596 29. 604 29. 607 29. 611 29. 618 29. 636 29. 642 29. 037 29. 647 29.610 29. 661 29. 576 .085 July 7 29. 019 29. 620 29. 624 29. 619 29. 619 29. 609 29. 609 29. 603 29. 596 29. 593 29. 621 29. 653 29. 593 .060 July 8 .... 29. 810 29. S28 29. 841 29. 851 29. 863 29. 871 29. 890 29. 894 29. 897 29. 890 29. 741 29. 897 29. 576 .321 July 9 .... 29. 923 29. 921 29. 899 29. 896 29. 895 29. 890 29. 889 29. 885 29. 882 29. 876 29. 906 29. 928 29. 876 .052 July 10 ... 29. 793 29. 794 29. 790 29. 785 29. 792 29. 791 29. 799 29. 799 29. 803 29. 803 29.814 29. 862 29. 785 .077 July 11 --. 29.821 29. 820 29. 808 29. 808 29. 808 29. 805 29. 813 29. 810 29.810 29. 805 29. 800 29. 823 29. 7eS .035 July 12 ... 29. 851 29. 851 29. 851 29. 848 29. 848 29.848 29. 850 29. 852 29. 858 29. 853 29. 834 29. 858 29. 793 .065 July 13 ... 29. 808 29. 870 29. 883 29. 888 29. 891 29. 885 29. 899 29. 897 29. 902 29. 901 29. 872 29. 902 29. 842 .060 July 14 ... 29. 953 29. 950 29. 960 29. 965 29. 972 29. 959 29. 979 29. 909 29. 976 29. 952 29. 935 29. 979 29. 878 .101 July 15... 30. 081 30. 087 30. 093 30. 091 30. 088 30. 086 30. 095 30.104 30. 107 30. Ill 30. 051 30. Ill 29. 972 .139 July 16 . . . 30. 105 30. 107 30. 098 30. 088 30. OSS 30. 075 30. 071 30. 003 30. 047 30. 010 30. 097 30. 124 30. 040 .084 July 17... 29. 889 29. 87C 29. 855 29. 845 29. 828 29. 811 29. 800 29. 779 29.764 29. 745 29. 907 30. 027 29. 745 .252 July 18 . . . 29. 599 29. 600 29. 005 29. 594 29.594 29. 592 29. 595 29. 598 29. 594 29. 593 29. 632 29. 718 29. 594 .12G July 19 . . . 29. 009 29. 003 29. 591 29. 58G 29. 581 29. 566 29. 566 29. 559 29. 559 29. 54G 29. 592 29.613 29. 546 .067 July 20 . . . 29. 574 29. 583 29. 592 29. 592 29. 603 29. 604 29. 618 29. 628 29. 638 29. 647 29.571 29. 647 29.52! .126 July 21 ... 29. 781 29. 794 29. 801 29. 803 29. 815 29. 818 29. 817 29. 823 29. 827 29.840 29. 754 29. 840 29. 647 .193 July 22 . . . 29. 949 29. 939 29. 907 29. 970 29. 975 29. 977 29. 988 30. 002 30. 010 30. 006 29. 934 30. 010 29. 855 .155 July 23 ... 30. 104 30. 113 30. 120 30. 115 30. 115 30. 118 30. 130 30. 133 30. 142 30. 153 30. 079 30. 153 29. 998 .155 July 24 . . . 30. 250 30. 259 30. 259 30. 202 30. 263 30. 260 30. 257 30. 256 30. 257 30. 257 30. 230 30. 263 30. 157 .106 July 25 . . . 30. 258 30. 259 30. 252 30. 247 30. 240 30. 232 30. 231 30. 224 30. 222 30. 214 30.251 30.269 30. 214 .055 July 26 . . . 30. 126 30. 114 30. 107 30. 098 30. 082 30. 070 30. 067 30. 001 30. 056 30. 049 30. 135 30. 203 30. 049 .154 July 27 ... 29. 953 29. 939 29. 925 29. 923 29.918 29. 900 29. 894 29. 894 29. 877 29. 868 29. 960 30. 023 29. 808 .155 July 28 . . . 29. 759 29. 750 29. 739 29. 739 29. 738 29. 738 29. 750 29. 755 29. 759 29. 766 29. 783 29.848 29. 738 .110 July 29 ... 29. 914 29. 950 29. 961 29. 907 29. 972 29. 982 29. 991 29. 999 30. 005 30. 014 29. 901 30. 014 29. 760 .254 July 30 . . . 30. 100 30. 100 30. 092 30. 089 30. 080 30. 067 30. 070 30. 071 30. 056 30. 054 30. 067 30. 100 30. 000 .094 July 31 ... 29. 901 29. 951 29. 944 29. 939 29. 938 29. 923 29. 923 29. 916 29. 927 29. 913 29. 973 30. 035 29. 913 .122 Means . . 29. 872 29.874 29. 873 29. 872 29. 872 29. 867 29. 871 29. 869 29. 808 29. 866 29. 866 29. 921 29. 602 .119 H. Ex. 44 29 22G EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Tables showing pressure of air at UgJaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1S83 — Continued. [Uaroitietcr above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. in. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. 6 a. m. 7 a. m. 8 a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a.m. 11 a. m. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p. m. 3883. Aug. !■--- 29. 920 29.018 20. 91 5 20.010 20. 007 29. 002 29. 897 29. 894 29. 896 29. 889 29. 880 29. 880 29. 878 29. 8G8 Aug. 29. 620 29. 820 29. 82:; 20.821 20. 820 20. 825 29. 829 29.821 29. 810 20.818 20. S1G 29. 809 29. 804 29. 806 Aug. 3 . . . 20, 822 29. 820 20. 827 20. S31 20. 843 29. 841 29. 839 29. 847 20. 810 20. 852 29.848 29. 847 29. 851 29. 852 Auk. A... 29. S55 29. 855 20. 858 20. 86(1 20. 803 29. 860 29. 860 29. 800 29. 8G3 29. 860 29. 800 29. 860 29. 860 29. 858 Auk. 5 . . . 29. 825 29. 820 20. 820 29 S2:s 20. 824 20. 830 29.823 29. 820 29.818 20 817 20. 818 20. 820 29. 82G 29. 830 Auk- a... 29 857 20, 855 29. 807 20. S75 20. 878 20. 870 29. 879 29. 885 29. 887 20. 801 29. 904 29.911 29. 918 29. 92G Auk- 7... 2D. 930 29. 958 29. 063 20. 003 20. 005 20. 070 29. 978 29. 978 29. 972 20. 973 20. 980 20. 072 20. 000 29. 9G7 Aug. S... 29. 970 20. 081 20. 084 20. 988 20. 993 20. 999 30. 001 30. 000 30. 004 30. 005 30. 00G 30. 000 30. 005 30.015 Auk. !)... 29. 998 20. 990 20. 003 20. 070 20. 977 29. 970 29. 965 29. 947 29. 938 20. 031 29. 922 29. 908 29. 809 29. 889 Auk. 10...' 29. 790 20. 700 20. 787 20. 779 29. 773 29. 749 29. 746 29. 734 29. 723 20.710 29. 705 29. 700 29. 094 29. 095 Auk. 11... 29, 098 29. 087 20. 004 20. 004 20. 688 29. 096 29. 691 20. 070 29. G79 29. 071 20. 6GG 20. 0G8 20. 052 29. GOO Aug. 12... 29. 505 20. 500 20. 050 20. 551 29. 54G 29. 549 29. 532 20. 524 29. 51G 29.514 20. 500 29. 505 39.503 29. 501 Auk- i:j... 29. 512 20. 512 20. 515 29. 520 29. 532 29. 534 29. 534 20. 544 29. 551 29. 552 20. 501 . 20.560 29. 571 29. 577 Auk. 14... 29.022 20. 029 20. 634 20. 030 29. 05G 29. 656 29.061 20. G61 29. 650 29. 659 20. GC0 20.GG4 29. 072 29.G84 Aug. 15. . . 29. 705 29. 775 29. 787 29. 787 29. 784 29. 802 29. 797 29. 793 29. 78G 29. 786 29. 708 20. 762 29. 750 29. 742 Aug. in... 29.G31 29. 022 20. 015 29. 611 29. G10 29.612 29. GOO 29. 596 29. 580 29. 578 29. 570 29. 560 29. 548 29. 543 Alls 17... 29. OT2 29 357 20. 339 29. 325 29. 319 29. 307 29. 302 29 297 29. 305 29.313 29. 328 29. 329 29. 348 29. 345 Aug. is... 29. 314 29. 320 29. 313 29. 319 29. 325 29. 335 29. 350 29. 358 29. 375 29. 393 29. 405 29. 422 29. 437 29. 461 Auk. 19. . . 29. C42 20. 000 29. 075 29. 691 29. 700 29.713 29. 728 29. 741 29. 751 29. 766 29. 772 29. 808 29. S21 29. 850 Aug. 20... 29. 9L5 29.885 29. 872 20. 840 29.810 29. 795 29. 755 29. 713 20. 681 29. 655 29. G23 20.502 29. 508 29. 542 Aug'. 21... 29. 011 29. 527 29. 545 29. 571 29. 090 29. Gil 29. 629 29. G58 20. 680 20. 701 29. 720 20. 753 29. 780 29. 800 Auk 22 30.058 30. 068 30. 084 30. 000 30. 100 .to. Ill 30.118 30. 120 30.118 30.115 30.122 30. 121 30 120 30.121 Aug. 23... 30. 022 30. 00G 29. 983. 20. 970 29. 950 29. 934 20. 922 29. 90G 29. 896 29. 882 29. 878 20. 872 29. EG3 29. 857 Auk- 21... 29. 722 20. 701 29. 085 20. G67- 29. 027 29. 608 29. 572 20. 542 29. 505 29. 490 29. 483 29. 482 29. 404 29. 524 Auk- 25. . 29. 995 30. 014 30. 022 30. 0:50 30. 0C5 30. 005 30. 005 30. OGJ 30. 052 30. 050 30. 025 30. 013 30. 003 29.084 Aug. 20... 29. 045 29. 025 29. 590 20. 563 20. 540 29. 523 29. 518 20. 490 20. 487 20. 512 29. 530 20.5G1 20. 570 20. 002 Auk- 27*.. ans . . 29. 877 29. 912 29. 933 29. 940 20.945 29. 939 29. 940 29. 800 20.013 20. 905 29. 913 29. 002 29. 883 29. 870 Mf 29.700 29.707 20. 700 29.7G6 20. 705 29. 7G4 29.701 29. 755 20. 752 29. 752 29.751 29.751 29.751 29. 754 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p. m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. 12 p.m. Daily means. Max. Min. Eange. 1883. Aug. 1... 29. S69 20. 860 20. 865 29. 800 29. 858 29. 850 29. 845 29. 840 29. S39 29. 8-fG 29. 879 20. 920 29. S30 .081 Aug. 2... 29. 815 29. 823 29. 825 20.82G 29. 82G 29. 833 29.830 29. 831 29. 829 29. 820 29. 822 29. 833 29. 804 .029 Aug. 3... 29. S57 29. S59 29. 850 29. 853 29. 857 29. 855 29. 858 29. 850 29. 830 20. 850 29. 840 29. 858 29. 822 .036 Aug. 4... 29. 857 20. 840 29. 814 29.850 29. 848 20. 841 29. 843 29.844 20. 839 20. 820 20. 854 29. 800 29. 829 .037 Aug. 5... 29. S:i4 29.837 29. 841 29.841 29.845 29. 849 29.851 29. 857 29. 853 20. 850 29. 832 20. 857 20.817 .040 Aug. 0... 29.928 29. 937 29. 938 29. 943 29. 940 29. 949 29. 952 29. 954 20. 035 20. 952 29.911 29. 955 20. 855 .100 Aug. 7 .. 29. 970 29.968 29.977 29. 975 29.981 29. 980 29.978 29. 977 20. 976 29. 973 29. 972 29. 981 29. 95G .025 Aug. 8... SO. 021 30. 028 30. 031 30. 031 30. 027 30. 027 30. 020 30. 013 30. 008 30. 000 30. 007 30. 031 29. 970 .055 Aug. 9... 29. 879 29. 807 29. 807 29. 852 29. 835 29. 829 29. 823 20. 813 20. 804 20. 798 29. 903 29. 008 20. 798 .200 Aug. 30... 29. G93 29. C83 29. G81 29.0S9 29. 080 29. 080 29. 691 29.692 29. 608 20. G98 29. 720 20. 70(1 29 G81 .109 Aug. 11... 29.042 29. 042 29. 032 29. 025 29. 6o9 29. 008 29. 592 29.591 29. 574 29. 5G0 29. 650 29. 008 20. 569 .329 Aug. 12... 29. 500 29.491 29. 491 . 29. 490 29. 498 29. 497 20. 503 29. 499 20. 502 29. 508 29.517 20. 505 29. 191 .074 Aug. IS... 29. 577 29. 591 29. 589 29. 594 29.594 29.594 29. 003 29. 009 20. 610 29. 017 29. 503 29.017 29. 512 .105 Aug. 14... 29, G92 29. 709 29.719 29. 721 29. 729 29. 735 29. 737 29. 734 20. 749 29. 753 29. 635 29. 753 20. 622 .131 Aug. J3...1 29. 721 29. 714 29. 703 29.099 29. 092 20. 078 29.675 20. GG2 20. 649 29. 037 29. 738 29. 802 20. 037 .105 Aug. 10. . . 29. 532 29. 522 29. 502 29.485 29.470 29. 450 29. 432 29. 414 29. 404 29. 391 29. 537 20. 631 20. 391 .240 Aug. 17... Aug. 18.. j 29. 352 29. 355 29. 355 29. 360 29. 352 29. 349 29. 337 29. 323 29. 314 29.306 29.333 29. 372 29.306 .060 26. 495 29. 513 29. 539 29. 550 29. 072 29. 58G 29. 590 29. 606 29. 620 29. 030 29. 452 29. 030 29.313 .323 Aug. 19... 29. 868 29. 898 20. 900 29.917 29. 933 29. 918 29. 933 29. 935 29.923 29. 923 29. Sll 29. 033 29. 042 . 293 Aug. 20. . . 29. 527 29. 508 29. 494 29.479 29.470 29.469 29. 470 29. 4S2 29.489 29. 492 29. 630 29. 915 29.469 .446 Aug. 21..., 29. 843 29. 870 29 899 29. 913 29. 935 29. 960 29. 985 30. 004 30. 017 30.045 29. 773 30. 045 29.511 .531 Aug. 22..; 89. 118 30. 113 30. 107 30.099 30. 094 30. 078 30. 007 30. 003 30.044 30. 030 30.095 30.122 3P.030 .092 Aug. 23...- Aug. 24... i Aug. 25,.. Ang. 20... 29.850 £9. 838 29. 840 29. 840 29. 817 29.804 29. 783 29.760 29. 750 29. 735 29. 874 30. 022 29. 735 .287 28. 509 29. 014 20. GS3 29. 73G 29. 782 29. 823 29. 875 29. 918 29. 943 29. 973 20.6G8 29. 973 29. 482 .491 29. 950 20. 033 20. 898 29. 859 29. 840 29. 808 29, 770 29. 732 29.704 29. 065 29. 943 30.0G5 29. 005 .400 29. 037 29. 004 29. G92 29. 733 29. 7G1 29. 787 29. 811 29.831 20. 855 29. 866 29.642 £9. 86G 29. 487 .370 Aug. 27... 29.852 29. 829 29. 803 29. 792 29.791 29. 769 29. 751 29. 727 29.711 129.095 29.854 29.946 29. 693 .251 Means.. 29.758 29. 700 20. 702 29. 764 29. 705 29. 763 29. 7G4 29. 761 29. 760 29. 75S 29. 700 29. 854 29.004 .300 '■Station abandoned August 27, 1883 Atmospheric pressure, corrected. tApproxiroated. MoatU. ; Mean. Max. Min. Eange 4361, INovombei' . .-. December 29.894 29. 858 30. 70Sf29. 30. 393 29. 108, 23ll 1.600 1. 1G2 "W'iut'io jpoHoa ,i £9. 870 30. 708 29. 108 1. 600 8832.' January 1 i'olmiarjr It March .'I April ~ I 29. 830, 29. 723 ■M. 070 29. 980 505' 28. 2.91129. 745J29. 57320. 28.1; 015' ooo| 424' 2. 2821. 3.270' 1. G55| 1. 149; Month. 1882. May Juno July August September .... October November December "Whole period Mean. Max. Min. Eange, 080 30, 88030 604 30, 6U'30. 812,30. 89830. 82*30. 118:30. 422 20. 222 29. 20. 903I3O. 987 I O.G49' 0.064 0. 673; 1.175 1.435 0.656 1. 208, 1. 542: 28. 283 704 Month. 1883. January February March April May Juu© July August "WhoU period. Mean. Mas. Min 29. 965 30. 30. 21S30. 30. 028 30. 30. 027 29. 881 29.941 29.883 29. 024 28. 992 29. 503 29. 350 . 600129. 140 . 23S|2B. 501 . 28*'29. 588 29. 770,80. 141 29. 313 29. 964;30. 962 28. 902 I i Eange. 1.938 1.934 1.340 1.222 1.460 0.672 0.750 0. 82S 1.970 EXPEDITION" TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 227 Tabic showing the temperature of the air at TTglaamie from October, 1881, to Augv.it, 1883. | Height of l In- ttoerniomoter above the- surface of tbe earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes ] Date 1 11. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. in. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. (i a. m. 7 a. m. 8 a.m. It a. ra. 10 a. m. 11 a. in . 12 m. 1 p.m. 2 p.m. 1681. Ort. IK .... SH :so. :i 29.9 30.4 :•:;. 5 33.3 33.3 33.8 34.0* 35. 7 35.9 35. -C 37.5 38.5 Oct. 10 .... 38. 1 38.2 37.3 30.4 35. 8 3G. 30.2 30.2 3G. 34.7 33.8 34.0 34 4 33.7 Octiu .... 31.3 31.9 30.7 30.8 31.0 30.3 30.2 29.4 29.4 29.2 28.2 28.2 27.4 26.6 Oct. '21 .... 25 25. ■"• 24. 3 25. 1 27. 25. 20.4 27.5 29.9 28.0 28.3 28.0 27.9 27.4 Oct. 22 ... 21.0 21.0 20.3 19. 9 10.5 18.8 17.6 17.1 17.4 16. 1 10. 1 14.5 15.5 16.2 Oct. 23.... ! 9. 6 10.0 10.1 17. 1 IS. 4 10 2 19. 19.7 19. 6 19.4 19.1 18.9 18.6 18.7 Oct 24.... 15.8 1 1. .7 15.0 15. 2 14.1 12. 12.3 13.7 14.0 17.8 17.4 19.1 17.0 1G.8 Oct, 23 .... 13.2 12.0 10.2 9.1 8.8 8.8 0.4 9.4 8. (i 8.5 8.3 8.1 7.9 7.6 0ct.2(i .... 9.7 10. 10.7 10.8 10.7 10.8 11.5 11.7 12.7 12.9 12.0 11.1 11.2 12.0 Oct. 27.... 12.0 l:;. 7 12.0 11.0 U. 3 11.4 10.0 10.1 10.7 10.8 10.7 9.9 9.G 9.1 Oct 28.... 14.8 11.2 14.0 15. 1 15.2 15.7 17.2 17.3 17.0 17.0 10.8 17.8 18.6 19.8 Oct. 29 ... . 15.6 15.7 15. 5 15 7 10.4 10.2 17.0 17.2 10. 8 17.4 17.5 17.5 17.7 17.8 Oct SO .... 23. 6 23. 5 23.5 23. 2 21.7 20, 8 1 5. 8 13.7 0.0 7.0 6.2 8.8 8.2 9.5 Oct.::) .... 15.0 17.0 15.0 15.2 15.5 15. S 1G.4 14.3 13.2 15.3 15.8 15.3 15.6 17.4 Means . 20. 6tt 20. 51 10.95 19.04 19.78 19. G4 10. 54 19.30 10 p.m. 10.40 10.31 10.05 19.06 19.08 19.37 Date. 3 (1. m. ■1 ji. m. 5 p. m. p. in. 7 p. m. S p. m. '.) p. 111. 11 r. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max. Min. Diff. 1881. Oct. !>.... 38. 9 39. 1 ;:«. 1 37.7 38.3 38.5 38.4 38.1 38.3 38.2 35. 7.". 38.1 28.3 9.8 Oct. 19 -- S3. 2 32. 8 32. 3 32.8 31.8 32. 1 30.5 30. 7 30.8 31.3 34. L3 41. (i 29.9 11.7 Oct 20 .... 26.8 27. 2 20.4 27.2 20. G 26.4 25.6 25. 5 25. 3 25.5 28.22 38 1 24.4 13.7 Oct. 21 ... 2G.2 2:7. !) 20. 2 25.9 25. 1 24.1 24.1 2;. 1 22. 22.5 25. SO 31. 9 21.9 10.0 Oct. 22.... 18.2 is. .1 18.0 10.1 10.1 IS. IS. G 17.7 17.0 18.0 18.17 29.9 14.4 15.5 Oct. 2:i.... 13.3 IS. 4 IS. 1 17.4 17.4 17.3 17.1 15. G 15.7 10.1 18.20 21.0 14.5 6.5 Oct 24 .... 10.0 10. o 14.8 14.7 11.7 14. G 14. G 14.1 13. 2 13.7 15.20 25.0 10.4 14.6 Ol !.-"• ... 8.5 7. 7 7.S 7.7 7.5 7.3 8.0 7.5 8.8 9.0 8.74 12.3 0.0 6.3 Oct. 20... . 12. 12. S 12.0 12.8 12.7 13.1 12.9 13.0 13.2 13. G 11.97 10.5 7.4 9.1 (VI. -7 ... ;-, g y. y 10.3 0.9 12.0 10. S 0.8 G. 8 0.6 13.2 10.22 13.0 2.5 10.5 Oct.sfi ....; 19.9 20.G 20.0 19.3 19.1 10.5 10.3 IS. 5 15. G 17.1 1 7. .70 20.0 10.4 9.6 Oct 20....; 18.6 19.3 21). 5 20 9 20.7 20. li 20. G 24. 3 24.1 24.4 18.08 24.0 14.0 10.0 Oct 38 .... li.0 17. y 18.0 18 7 15.8 9.1 s. 13 IS. 8 14.9 15. 10 24.2 4.3 19.9 O't.'U .... : 17. G 17.4 17.0 10. 1G. 2 10.0 10. 1 1G. 10.3 1G.0 15.99 17.0 11.5 5.5 Means . ID. f.7 20. 20 20. 21 20. 05 19.79 10. 10 18.60 18.85 10. 09 19. 5S 19.50 25.19 14.28 10.91 228 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October; 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of the thermometer above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a.m. a. m. 7 a. m. 8 a, m. (I a. m. 10 a.m. 11 a.m. 12 m. 1 p. IB. 2 i>. m. 1881. 'Sox. 1 ... 16. 15.8 10.0 15.9 15.2 14.9 14.7 13.7 12.5 11.8 9.0 11.0 10.8 10.9 Not. 2 ... 12.0 11.0 11.0 10.8 11.0 10.6 11.1 10.6 10.8 10.9 10.7 10.6 10.8 12.7 Not. 3 . . . 12.0 11.6 10.7 10.2 9.8 9.9 9.9 10.4 9.8 9.4 8.0 7.8 7.2 0.1 Nov. 4 ... 6.8 6.0 5.3 5.0 4.8 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.5 5.1 5.4 6.0 7.1 Nov. 5 ... 3.3 4.4 4.8 4.6 4.4 3.3 3.4 2.8 1.0 0.2 0.1 — 3.0 — 3.0 — 3. 5 Nov. 6 . . . — 3.4 — 4.2 — 4.7 — 5.8 — 5.8 — 7.5 — 7.9 — 9.5 — 9.3 — 9.3 — 9.3 — 7.7 8. 2 — 0.7 Nov. 7 ... — 4.9 — 3.2 — 3.0 — 1.9 — 2.3 — 5.0 — 5. 7 — 7. 5 — 7.0 — 9.1 — 9.7 — 7.9 —11.0 —11.1 Nov. 8 ... — 3.7 — 4.9 — 5.3 — 5.0 — 4.9 — 4.9 — 4.6 — 4.2 — 3.8 — 4.0 — 4.9 — 4.4 — 3.9 — 4.4 Nov. . . . — 2.7 — 2.1 — 3.1 — 3.0 — 2.3 — 1.7 — 0.1 — 0.4 — 0.7 — 0.1 — 1.2 — 1.9 - 1.0 — 1.2 Nov. 10 . . . — 0.1 — 1.3 — 2.1 — 3.0 — 3.0 — 3.4 — 3.8 — 4.8 — 5.3 — 5.4 — 4.4 — 3.2 — 2.5 — 3.0 Nov. 11 . . . — 4.1 — 3.9 — 3.7 — 5.1 — 5.3 - 5.4 — 4.5 — 5.6 — 8.3 — 7.5 —11.0 —11.0 —11.9 —11.0 Nov. 12 ... —14.5 —14.5 —15.4 —15.4 —15.6 —15.2 —16.0 -16.4 —16.3 —15.9 —15.6 —17.5 —17.6 —16.6 Nov. 13 ... —19.2 —19.2 —19.4 —19.4 —20.3 —20.4 —21. —21.6 —21.0 —21.8 —21.0 —21.1 —20.7 —20.1 Nov. 14 . . . —14.1 —11.9 —10.1 —11.8 — 7.5 — 3.6 - 0.6 — 1.0 — 1.0 — 9.7 — 9.5 — 9.6 — 9.1 — 7.7 Nov. 15 ... 20.8 20.7 20.6 22.4 22.7 23.5 24.0 24.5 24.4 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.8 25.0 Nov. 16 . . . 26.3 24.0 23.7 20.9 19.8 18.6 15.7 8.5 0.0 4.6 3.7 3.0 — 0.8 1.4 Nov. 17 . . . —13.2 —12.6 —13.0 —13.0 —14.7 —14.6 —15.5 —14.3 —12.5 —16.6 —16.6 —17.5 -10.4 —15.4 Nov. 18 . . . — 4.0 — 4.8 — 5.3 — 4.9 — 6.2 — 6.5 — 6.7 — 6.2 — 5.6 — 5.8 — 5.2 — 4.4 — 4.2 — 4.2 Nov. 19 . . . — 1.6 — 0.9 — 0.5 — 0.4 — 0.2 1.3 2.1 2.3 2.6 3.0 - 2.1 3.0 4.4 5.2 Nov. 20 ... 6.2 C.4 3.8 2.7 1.4 4.4 3.4 1.5 1.4 3.2 2.8 2.7 4.2 5.2 Nov. 21 ... 8.8 6.0 4.7 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.2 2.1 1.5 — 0.5 — 0.8 3.6 2-3 2.4 Nov. 22... — 4.9 - 5.8 - 5.8 — CO — 6.7 — 7.5 — 8.0 — 8.2 — 9.3 —12.3 —13.0 —15.7 —15.3 —15.5 Nov. 23 . . . —19.8 —19. —19.7 —20.2 —21.3 —23.1 -23.9 —22.6 —21.5 —21.5 —19.7 —17.3 —15.4 —15.4 Nov. 24 ... —12.1 —11.7 —13.0 —11.9 —11.2 —11.4 —11.1 —11.0 —11. 1 —10.6 —10.5 — 9.7 — 9.9 —12.2 Nov. 25 ... —10.5 — 9.7 — 9.0 - 7.7 — 6.1 — 3.7 — 3.6 — 5.0 — 3.2 — 2.0 -1.8 -1.9 — 0.7 — 0.6 Nov. 26 . . . 5.4 5.3 5.1 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.5 2.1 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.0 Nov. 27 ... 4.6 5.0 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.3 6.4 7.2 8.8 9.8 10.0 Nov. 28 ... 22.9 21.9 19.8 15.6 14.1 12.3 11.6 11.6 9.8 9.6 8.5 8.2 9.7 12.0 Nov. 29 . . . 19,0 19.4 19. C 19.4 20.0 20.7 23.5 23.5 23.5 22.9 21.5 15.4 11.8 8.0 Nov. 30 ... 3.3 2.2 0.4 — 1.2 — 3.2 — 4.2 — 5.6 — 5.4 — 5.6 — 6.3 — 6.1 — 6.0 — 5.0 — 3.1 Means .. 1.15 1.67 0.60 0.15 — 0.04 -- 0.05 — 0.12 — 0.70 — 0.92 — 1.55 — 2.03 — 1.84 — 1.80 — 1.50 Date. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Mas. Min. Diff. 1881. Nov. 1 ... 12.0 12.1 11.8 11.0 10.8 11.4 11.5 11.3 11.8 12.6 12.09 16.1 8.9 7.2 Nov. 2 ... 13.9 13.9 14.5 14.5 14.5 13.4 13.5 13.3 12.7 13.1 12.16. 13.2 9.5 3.7 Nov. 3 ... 7.4 7.9 8.2 8.6 8.5 8.4 8.2 8.0 7.0 6.2 8.80 12.8 4.4 8.4 Nov. 4 ... 8.2 9.2 8.6 7.0 6.8 6.3 4.4 2.8 0.4 — 1.9 5.18 8.0 — 1.4 9.4 Nov. 5 . . . 1.6 1.3 — 1.9 — 2.9 — 3.0 — 3.2 — 3.7 — 4.1 -3.2 — 2.2 0.07 4.0 — 6.0 10.6 Nov. 6 . . . — 6.0 — 7.5 — 7.0 — 6.2 — 5.8 — 4.2 — 4.4 — 4.4 — 4.6 — 0.9 — 0.51 — 3.0 —12.3 9.3 Nov. 7 ... — 9.8 — 8.9 — 8.2 — 7.0 — 7.4 — 0.7 — 5.3 — 5.4 — 5.1 — 4.9 — 0. 61 — 2.8 —14.1 11.3 Nov. 8... — 5.1 — 5.6 — 7.5 — 4.9 — 5.4 — 4.4 — 4.9 — 3.8 - 3.5 — 3.5 — 4.05 — 5.5 — 7.6 2.1 Nov. 9 ... — 0.3 — 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.9 1.3 0.3 — 1.4 0.4 — 0.82 — 0.3 — 7.3 7.0 Nov. 10 . . . — 1.4 — 1.8 — 2.1 — 2.8 — 3.6 — 4.0 — 4.0 — 3.4 — 3.0 — 4.0 — 3.14 — 1.0 — 7.5 0.5 Nov. 11 ... —10.1 —11.4 —11.5 —15.2 —13.8 —13.8 —13.9 —14.0 —14.0 —14.7 — 9.04 — 4.5 -18.6 14.1 Nov. 12... —14.5 —15.8 —15.8 —15. —16.2 —17.8 ,-18.2 —18.1 —18.1 —19.1 —10. 30 —17.0 —23.5 0.5 Nov. 13 . . . —17.9 —17.7 —15.2 —10.2 —15.8 —16.4 —17.5 —17.4 —17. 2 —10.0 —18. 90 —18.5 —26.2 7.7 Nov. 14 . . . — 2.8 — 0.6 2.5 0.7 8.7 11.0 12.4 13.5 16.2 16.8 — 0.95 15.4 —21. 36.4 Nov. 15 . . . 28.9 27.7 25.6 23.0 26.5 26.4 26.3 25.4 27.3 *30.9 24.82 29.0 14.4 14.6 Nov. 16 . . . 0.5 0.9 0.7 — 0.2 — 0.6 — 1.2 — 2.5 — 5.8 —11.2 —11.9 6.00 30.4 —14.4 44.8 Nov. 17 . . . —14.2 -14.3 —15.0 —14.0 —11.1 — 8.6 — 7.1 — 0.5 — 6.0 — 5.1 —12. 82 — 0.0 —21.0 15.6 Nov. 18 ... — 4.2 — 4.0 — 3.5 — 2.3 — 2.1 — 2.1 — 2.1 — 2.3 — 1.3 — 1.2 — 4.13 — 3.0 — 9.1 6.1 Nov. 19 ... 8.3 9.8 7.4 6.5 7.5 8.7 6.2 3.9 3.9 7.0 3.64 9.0 — 3.0 12.6 Nov. 20 . . . 21.2 20.7 23.5 28.5 20.7 12.0 15.4 12.7 12.5 10.8 9.47 28.0 — 2.1 30.1 Nov. 21 . . . 2.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.2 — 0.4 2. 2 — 1.7 1.93 9.8 - 4.1 13.9 Nov. 22 . . . —15.1 —16.5 —17.0 —17. —17.3 —18.4 —16.4 —18.2 —18.7 —19.7 —12. 85 — 0.2 —22.0 16.4 Nov. 23 . . . —15.2 —15.6 —10.1 —16.0 —13.8 —14.9 —14.8 —14.7 —13.0 —12.1 —17. 80 —17.0 —28.0 11.0 Nov. 24 . . . —11.1 —11.2 —11.1 —10.5 — 9.7 — 9.3 — 8.4 — 8.4 — 9.3 — 8.8 —10. 65 —11.0 —19.2 8.2 Nov. 25 . . . 1.4 0.7 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.2 4.4 4.7 6.5 5.4 — 0. 82 6.0 —13.6 19.6 Nov. 26... 0.0 1.4 2.0 2.9 2.3 3.2 3.0 3.2 4.9 4.7 2.55 5.0 — 1.7 0.7 Nov. 27 . . . 10.8 13.3 14.5 14.7 14.0 16.3 17.8 18.6 20.7 24.1 10.57 21.0 2. 3 18.7 Nov. 28 . . . 13.6 15.8 16.6 15.0 15.6 15.4 21.5 21.7 22.9 18.6 15.20 24.0 ols 17.2 Nov. 29 ... 6.5 5.2 6.0 6.8 6.9 6.1 5.8 5.7 6.0 3.6 13.62 23.5 4.3 19.2 Nov. 30 ... — 0.6 — 0.7 1.6 2.0 1.8 2.5 2.3 1.4 — 1.4 — 2.4 — 1.04 4.S — 8.0 13.4 Means . . 0.27 0.29 0.58 0.74 0.85 0.75 1.03 0.63 0.63 0.60 — 0.05 5.47 -,14 13.01 ' Standard read higher than maximum. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 229 TahJe showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881 , to August, 1SS3 — Continued. {Height of tJUo thermometer above the surfaco of the earth, 4 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1881. Dec. 1.. Dee 2 . Dec. :: . Dec. 4 . Dec. 5.. Dec. 0.. Dec. V.. Dec. 8.. Dec. 0.. Dec. 10.. Dec. 11... Dec. 12.. Dec. 13.. Dee. 14.. Dec. 15... Dee. 10... Dec. 17... Dec. 18... Dec. 19... Dec. 20... Dec. 21... Dec. 22... Dee. 23... Dec. 24... Dec. 25... Dec. 26... Dee. 27... Dec. 28... Dec. 29... Dec. 30... Dec. 31... Means . ! 1 a. in. — 0.2 9.1 0.0 —14. 5 — 8.0 -15.8 — 7.9 — 8.1 —16.2 1.0 — 9. G — 2.4 —15.1 —19.0 —21.4 —22. 5 -18.4 —30. 3 —42.5 -46.1 -37.7 —31.7 —29.2 —20.0 —28.3 —22.0 —18.6 —19.3 —31.7 —21.9 1.2 —18. 04 2 a.m. -8.3 10.0 1.1 -15.5 -7.3 -15.5 -8.1 -7.9 -17.9 2.3 - 0.4 - 1.3 -15.2 -18.4 -21.6 -21.9 -18.9 -37.1 -43. 5 -45.0 -35.0 -31.1 -29.1 -20. -27.6 -21.4 -19.4 -20.4 -27.4 -20.0 2.3 —17. 02 3 a. w. — 8.5 9.1 1.2 —15.2 — 6.9 —16.4 — 5. 3 — 7.1 —18.3 2.5 — 7.0 — 2.4 —15.1 —18.2 —22.6 —21.7 —19.3 —37.3 —43.8 —45. —32.0 -31.9 —29.0 —20. —27.8 —21.4 -19. 5 —21.4 —28.3 -18.4 2.3 —17. 01 i a.m. -8.7 7.8 0.4 -14.3 -6.9 -16.8 -5.4 -8.8 -20. 3 3.2 - 7.9 - 0.5 -15.8 -16.0 -22.5 -21.5 -19.2 -38. 9 -43.9 -44.1 -32.1 -31.5 -29. 9 -20.6 -27.6 -21.0 -19.5 -21. 9 -27.0 -18.0 0.9 -17. 90 5 a. m. -8.0 7.0 - 0.0 -14.5 -7.0 -16.6 -6.4 -10. 5 -21.4 3.2 -8.5 -14.7 -16.2 -22. 7 -19.2 -19.5 -39. -44.2 -43.5 -32. 6 -30.9 -31.7 -21.0 -27.1 -20.5 -18.9 -20. 3 -27.0 -10.6 -0.3 -17. 91 6 a. m. 5.1 -0.7 -14. 9 -7.1 -16.4 -8.6 -9.5 -22.2 4.4 -9.0 -10.1 -13.8 -15.8 -22.0 -19.4 -19.9 -40. 9 -46. 3 -37. 7 -32.4 -31.7 -31.8 -21.0 -27.0 -21.0 -19.2 -22.9 -27 3 -16. 2 -1.6 -18. 18 4.0 -1.2 -15.6 -7.5 -14.9 -9.7 - 9.4 -22.6 6.0 -10.6 -11.0 -13.3 -15.6 -21.4 -19.9 -19.4 -40.9 -47.1 -35.5 -32. 5 -31.2 -29.9 -21. 2 -25. '■> -21. 6 -17.3 -23. 3 -20.7 -15.1 - :;. 4 —17. 93 8 a. in. — 3.7 0.4 — 2.5 —16.8 — 7.2 —14.7 —10.3 — 9.0 -23.6 4.9 —11.8 -12. 3 —15.3 —14.9 —21.2 —19.4 —20.7 —42. 3 —48.8 —38. —32. 4 -39. 9 —28.3 —22. 5 —20. 6 —21.6 —16.8 —23.5 —25.6 —15.2 — 2.5 -18.S0 9 a. m . -2.3 - 0.1. - 2. 5 -17.5 -7.7 -14.1 -9.9 -10.7 -24.8 3.0 -11.7 -14. 2 -17.4 -14.9 -21.2 -19.6 -23.1 -42. 5 -48.8 -36.5 -33. -31. 5 -24] 4 -27.1 -21. 2 -15.3 -22. 9 -24.2 -13.2 - 0.G —18. 02 JO a.m. -3.0 -0.9 -3.4 -16.4 -7.6 -12.6 -8.1 -11.8 -25.7 0.9 -11.6 -14.2 -16.3 -14. 7 -22.0 -18.9 -24.1 -41.8 -48.9 -33. 2 -32.8 -32. 6 -25.7 -25.4 -27.1 -20.9 -13.3 -23.4 -23.7 -12.2 0.5 -18. 42 11a.m. 0.4 - 1.5 - 4.4 -10.1 -8.0 -11.3 - 8.G -12.1 -26.9 0.4 -12.3 -14.9 -10.8 -15.1 -23. 1 -17. (i -41.4 -49.9 -32. -33.8 -32.7 -26.4 -20.9 -28.0 -20.2 -12.3 -23. 2 -24.0 -10.4 2.3 -18. 41 12 m. — 1.5 — 5.1 —15.5 — 8.4 —11.0 — 8.0 —13.2 -27.1 0.2 —11.9 —15. —10. 9 —15.3 —23. 4 —17.0 24. 2 —42! 4 -50.1 —35. 5 —33.4 —32. —24.7 —28.0 —27.6 -18.9 —13.2 —23.1 —22.5 — 9.9 4.2 -18. 33 1 p.m. 1.9 - 1.4 -7.1 -14. 5 -11.2 -10. 4 -13.2 -24.9 0.0 -11. 3 -15. -16.3 -15.4 -25. 3 -10.6 -25.1 -42.3 -50.1 -36. 5 -31. 9 -31. 8 -24.7 -28.8 -25.7 -18.3 -14.7 -24. -19.9 -8.8 -5.3 2 p. m. —18. 28 — 0.7 — 1.3 — 6.7 —13.8 — 9.3 — 9.6 — 7.7 —13.9 22. 1 "o!2 —11.1 —14.0 —10.4 —14.9 —25. 5 —10.8 —27.1 —41.8 —50.0 —38.3 —34.4 —31.7 —24.4 —29. 8 —24. 2 -17.4 —14.9 —25.9 —18.2 — 7.2 — 5.0 -18. 19 230 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAR-BOW, ALASKA. Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglactmic from October, 1881, to August, 1880 — Continued. [TIei«;li l. of the thermometer above the surface »f the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — Shoura 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. o 22. 4 —22.1 —21.6 — 2G. 12 —21.6 —33.2 11.6 Jan 11... —14.7 —13. 3 —12.8 —11.0 — 8.9 — 8.2 — G.5 — 4. G — 4.6 — 4.2 —10.29 — 4.2 —20.7 22! 5 Jan. 12 ... 7.0 8.7 11.3 15.1 15.2 10.9 6.0 7.2 0.0 — 3.2 5.19 15.2 — 5.0 20.8 Jan. 13 —11.0 —10.8 — 10.5 —10.2 — 9.4 — 9.3 — 9.8 —10.8 —11.6 —12.1 —10.10 — 4.2 —16.3 12.1 Jan. 14.... —18.4 —18. 9 —18.9 —19.1 —19.8 —19.8 —20. 3 ^-=20.1 —19.8 —20 1 —17. 37 —12.0 24. 2 11.6 Jan. 13 —21.7 —21.3 —21.5 —21.3 —21.3 —21.5 —21.3 —21.1 -21.4 —21.2 —21. 05 —17.7 — 2s!o 10.9 Jan. 10.... —17.7 —17.7 —17.7 —17.4 —16.4 —14.5 —13. 8 —13.6 —13.6 —13.6 —18. 38 —13.6 —20.9 13.3 Jan. 17... — 3.1 — 3.8 — 1.6 — 4.0 — 4.5 — 2.8 — 2.9 — 4.3 — 4.6 — 6. 5 — 7.70 — 1.0 —15.9 14.3 Jan 18 ... — 9.1 — 8.2 — 7.1 — 7.3 — 6.6 — 6.3 — 0.0 — 5.0 — 5.8 — 5.8 — 7.08 — 5. 6 —12.0 7.0 Jan. 19.... — 3.3 - 3.1 — 2.3 — 2.4 — 2.3 — 1.7 — 1.1 — 0.0 — 0.8 — 0.5 — 3.47 — 0.5 — 8.0 7.5 Jan. 20... — 0.8 — 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 — 0.2 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.1 — 0.05 1.1 — 4.1 5. 2 Jan. 21 ... 10.8 12.7 14.1 15.4 16.2 16.4 10.8 17.0 17.6 18.4 8.11 18.4 - 0.9 19.3 Jan. 22.... 17.1 12.8 10.1 8.2 7.5 5.6 5.1 4.4 3.7 2.9 14.49 20.3 1.2 19.1 Jan. 23.... — 8.0 — 7.0 — 6.8 — 6.0 — 5.8 — 5.7 — 5. — 6.3 — 6.9 -7.4 — 4. 93 1.9 — 7.1 9.0 Jan. 21.... —12.9 —12.8 —12.8 —12.1 —12.0 —12.0 —11.0 —10.2 — 9.5 — 9.5 —11.97 — 8.4 —16.4 8.0 Jan. 25 .. — 4.7 — 3.8 — 2.4 — 1.4 — 0.3 1.4 2.3 3.0 3.2 — 3.7 — 4.86 3.7 —13.3 17.0 Jan. 26.... —12.3 —13.1 —13.0 -12.0 —12.7 —13.2 —13.2 —12.0 —14.0 —14.2 — 7. 23 4.4 —17.7 22. 1 Jan. 27.... —20.3 —21.0 —21.1 —20.8 —17.3 —18.8 —19. —20.2 —20.7 —21.4 —18. 13 —14.1 —24.3 lo! 2 Jan. 28 —19.7 —23. 1 —24.9 -20.1 -20. 7 —21.7 —27. —25. 9 —28. 3 —20.0 —22. 90 —19. 6 —37.3 17.7 Jan. 29 ... —33.2 —33.2 —32.7 —33.2 —31.9 —32.4 —33.0 —33. 2 —33.1 —32. 4 —32. 39 —29.9 —39.6 9. 7 Jan. 30.... —38.5 —39.1 — 39.2 —38.1 —38.3 —38.2 —37.7 —38. 2 —39.2 -39.2 —3H. 38 -31.9 —15.6 13.7 Jan. 31 —32.4 —31. 8 —32.0 -31.7 —31.7 —32.1 -33.2 —33.6 —34.6 —34.7 —33. 32 —30.9 —44.3 13.4 Means . . —15. CO —15. 01 -15. 47 —15. 03 —14. 80 — 15. 09 —15. 10 —15. 05 —15.45 —15.56 — 15.43 —10.31 —23. 00 12.69 ' JJishest reading of standard for maximum of day from January 1 , 1882, to July 1, 1882. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 231 Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October. 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued, [Iloigut of the thermometer above llie surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. I '.) a. in. -32.5 -31.0 —30. 1 ; —30. 5 — -2-2. 1 —22. 1 —21.0 —21.2 lOll.Tll. 11 a. in. 12 in, 1 p. in. j — 32. S —32. —32. 1 -32.8 —lid. 5 -30. 3 —34. K —33. 7 o > ■> —22. 1 —21.9 —21.7 —21. :) —22. 1 —22. 9 —22.5 29, r, —29.0 -28. —27.0 n ", — 3.4 — 4.2 — 3.2 —11.7 —11.0 —12.1 —12.3 —10. 2 -11.0 —10. —10.1 —11.5 -12. 3 —13.2 -14.1 —10.4 —10.0 —10. 1 -9.0 —27.:; -27.0 —27. 2 —20. 5 -32. l —32.1 —33. 2 —32. G —28. 8 -29.9 —28.8 —29. 9 —24.0 —23.8 —23.8 —22. 1 —10.0 —14.9 -14.2 —14.1 —12. 1 —11.0 -10.7 — 9.8 — 7.7 — 8.0 — 8.1 — 8.8 — 12. 1 —13. 1 —13.2 —12.3 —10.0 —10.4 —11.1 —12. 1 —13. 3 —14.0 —14, 7 —14.9 —33. 4 —34.1 —33.4 —33. 1 —39.4 — 40. G —40. 3 —40.9 —40.4 —40.0 -40. 8 —40. 2 —41.3 —44.3 —43.0 -42.3 —43.1 —49.1 -48.9 -48.9 | —37. 5 -30. 7 —37.1 —37. 3 1 -24.9 —20. 5 —29.0 —31.5 1 —19.8 —18.9 — 1G.4 —14. —2::. 08 -23.S1 —23. 71 —23.51 j I —32. :. —32. >.) —21.9 —23. 7 —20. 1 — 2. C —11. 9 —1 0. 2 —14. 9 — 9.5 —20.7 — 31. G —29.5 —21.5 -14.1 — 9.7 — 9.5 —12.3 —14.1 —15.0 —33. 8 —40.7 —40.2 —42.3 —47.1 —37.5 —32. G —13.3 —23. 4D Date. o p. m. 4 p.m. 1 18.-2. ! Feb. 1..-. -32.8 —33.4 Feb. 3 ... —32.4 —32.8 Fob. 3.... -21.9 —21.4 Fob. 4... -24.9 —25. 1 Feb. 5 ... 24. 2 —21.7 Feb. ... — 2.S — 3.G Feb. 7 ... —11.7 —12. 1 Feb. 8.... — 9 8 — 9.0 Feb. 9 ... —10. 2 —15. 3 Feb. 10... —12.1 — 13.2 Fcb.ll.... — 2G.9 —27. 2 ! Feu. 12.... —32.1 —32. 1 ! Fob. 13.... —29.8 — 29. 2 I Feb. 14.... —21.4 —21. 4 ! Fob. 15.... —14.1 —13. G ! Feb. 10 ... — 8.0 -7.2 1 Feb. 17.... —10. 2 -12. 1 Feb. 18.... — 11. S -11.4 1 Feh.lt).... — 1G.1 —14.1 ! Feb. 20.... —19.4 —22. 9 1 Fob. 21.... —34.8 —34.0 1 Fell. 22... -40.9 -40.7 Feb. 23.... —40.0 —39. 2 Feb. 2 ! . . . . —42. G —42. 5 Fob. 2."..... —43. 5 —40.8 Feb. 20.... —37.5 —30. 3 Fob. 27.... — 32. G — 32. G Feb. 28 ... —11.5 — 10. G If cans.. —23. 04 —23. 41 1 p.m. -33.4 ] — 33. G -32. G ' —32.4 -21. 2 j —21. -25. 9 ! —20. 1 —17.5 — 4.2 —11.5 — 9.4 —15.8 —14.7 —27. 8 —32.0 —28.8 21. 2 —13.4 — 0.9 —12. 3 —11.2 —13.6 —23. 1 —33.8 —39. 9 —37. 7 —41.4 —39. G . —35. 7 —32. G —10.4 —23. 13 —10. 1 — 5.1 —11.5 — 7.9 —10.1 —10.4 —28.0 —32. —28.0 —21.0 —13. 7 — 7.1 —12.4 -10.8 —13.3 —23. 2 —33. 4 —39. 5 —36.9 —10. 9 —39.2 —35. 3 -32. G -22.94 ; — ! 7 p. m. Sp. m. —34.8 -35. 4 —32.1 —32. — 20. G —20. 7 -27.2 —28.1 —15.2 —14. — 6.1 — G.8 —12.7 —12.7 — 6.7 — 6.0 —15.8 —15. 1 —19.4 —19. 4 —27. 8 —27.9 j —31.7 —31.6 | —27.7 —27. 1 1 — 20. G —20. 3 ! — 13. G —13. 4 -7.2 — 7.1 —12. 4 —12.3 — 10. G —10.3 —13.0 —13.0 —23.1 —23.2 —33. 1 —33. —39. G —39.3 —37.3 —33. 3 — 40. G —40.2 | —37.8 —37. ! —34.1 —32. 8 —32.6 —31.9 -8.1 -0.9 —22. 91 —22.71 j 9 p.m. : 10 p. in. 11 p.m. 12 p. m. Daily -35.3 -32.1 -20.7 -29. 2 -12.1 — G.9 -13.1 - 6.0 -14.8 -19.8 -28.4 -32. G -2G. 1 -20. G -13.3 - 7.3 -12.5 -9.9 -13.2 35. I —32. 8 —31. 9 -20. 3 —29.7 — 9.G — G.9 —13.0 — 6.1 —14.0 —19. 9 —28. 5 ! -32. 4 I —25. 9 I —20. 3 | —13.5 ! —13.2 1 — 9.5 i -12.0 —30.3 —18. 5 -27. 8 — 7.1 — 6.7 —12.7 — 5.4 -12.2 —19.9 — 28. G —31. 5 —25.5 —20. 5 — 13. G — 8.0 — 13. G — 8.0 —14.0 04 2 —34. 4 — 38. G —39.7 —14. 2 -3G. —34. 8 —33. 1 -32.8 I —32.6 1 —31.9 -31.7 -31.7 —30.0 - G. 4 — 5. 9 — 6. 9 ■24.0 —24.8 33.0 -33. G 39.4 —39. 2 ■38.4 -39. 3 ■41.4 —42.4 —32.4 —30.5 —17.9 —29.8 — 7.1 —6 .9 —12.3 —10.8 —11. 2 —20.5 —29.8 —29. 5 —25. 5 —20.7 —12.8 — 8.6 —14. 5 — 9.5 —14.3 —25.1 —31.0 -37.9 —40.8 —44.8 —33. 53 —33. 59 -22. 24 —23. 3G —24. 01 — 4.28 —11.25 - 9.65 —13. 1G —20.29 31. 22 — 2S. 55 —22. 40 —16.00 —10. 03 — 9.37 —11. 75 —11.70 —17. G2 —31.81 —38. G3 -38.81 —42. G7 -33.6 I -43.36 -31. 9 -31.1 -5.8 —22.75 I — 22.G3 ! —22.15 —22. 49 —34. 90 —29. 10 —17. 1G -23. 16 Max. Hiu. j Diff. —31.9 —17^9 — 16. G — 7.1 — 2.3 — 7.9. — 5.4 — 6.4 — 9.0 —21. 2 —27.8 — 25. 5 —20.3 —12. 8 — G.9 — 5.3 — 8.0 -12. 9 -20. -34. G -36.9 -40.2 -33.1 -31.9 -20.7 -5.8 ' —39. 1 I —40. G — 33. G j -33.7 ; -40. 1 1-9.8 —15.9 I —16. 1 i — 18.6 1 ' -25.1 -34.1 —39.1 —36.1 — 28. G —25. 3 —16.4 —18.1 —18.4 —19.7 —30.3 —40.4 —46.1 -45.6 -A9.1 -52.5 —42 6 —37.3 —35.1 13. 36 —31. 09 1. z 10.3 15.7 17.1 33.0 7.5 8.0 10.7 12.2 10.1 12.9 11.3 10.6 8.3 12.5 9.5 12.8 10.4 10.9 17.4 13.8 11.5 8.7 8.9 19.4 10.7 16.6 29.3 -13. 33 232 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Table showing tl\e temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 18S3 — Continued. (Height of the thermometer above the surface of Ibe earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduco to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1882. Mar. 1. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mai-. Mar. Mar. 7.. Mar. 8.. Mar. 9.. Mar. 10.. Mar. 11.. Mar. 12.. Mar. 13.. Mar. 14.. Mar. 15.. Mar. 10 . Mar. 17.. liar. 18.. Mar. 19.. Mar. 20.. Mar. 21.. Mar. 22.. Mar. 23.. Mar. 24.. Mar. 2") . . Mar. 2G . Mar. 27.. Mar. 28.. Mar. 29.. Mar. 30.. Mar. 31.. Means. 1 a.m. 5.3 — 3. C3 2 a. m. — 5.9 — 0.8 — 4.2 — 2.9 — 0.7 — 1.5 — 2.4 3.7 19.4 13.9 5.0. —11.9 — 3.1 3.8 — 8.1 —16.9 — 8.9 — 4.0 — 3.2 11.2 —13.7 —18.4 — 7.0 — 0.7 1.0 —13.5 —13.5 —23.4 — 4.8 — 5.1 —14.1 — 4.19 3 a.m. — 5.7 — 0.9 — 4.8 — 2.6 — 2.2 — 2.5 — 2.9 4.4 18.0 13.7 4.0 —14.1 — 4.2 6.2 —11.4 —17.9 — 9.2 — 4.3 — 1.6 8.9 —13.0 —18.2 — 9.5 0.5 4.0 —13.3 —13.2 —23.9 — 2.4 — 6.8 — 14. 9 4 a. m. 5 a. in. -4.8 -0.8 -5.5 -2.5 -2.4 -3.1 -3.4 4.7 14.9 13.3 1.7 -15.2 -4.8 6.7 -11.2 -19.4 -10.3 -5.0 -0.2 4.4 -23.8 -16.4 -9.5 0.7 3.5 -13.7 -12.3 -24.6 -3.9 -7.4 -15.7 4.57 .35 — 4.9 — 1.0 — 6.9 — 3.2 — 2.8 — 4.4 — 4.5 3.8 13.2 12. 2 — 0.1 —14.7 — 7.5 6.7 —14.5 —19.4 —11.2 — 6.0 0.4 2.8 —17.9 —17.0 — 8.8 0.2 3.2 —14.2 —14.5 —27.1 — 5.3 — 7.9 —15. 9 — 6.04 6 a.m. — 5.1 — 1.0 — 6.9 — 3.0 — 3.2 — 4.9 — 5.3 4.7 14.7 11.8 — 1.8 —13.5 —10.8 6.0 —15.7 —19.8 —12.1 — 6.0 1.4 0.1 —17.9 —16. 1 — 5.1 — 0.3 3.2 —14.2 —15.6 —27.3 — 5.3 — 7.9 —16.8 7 a. m. Sa.m - 5.1 -0.9 -6.4 -2.5 -2.7 -5.1 -5.8 6.0 10.3 11.6 -3.2 -11.9 -11.5 5.8 -15.4 -19.8 -12.0 -6.0 2.0 -2.3 -19.4 -15.6 - 2.3 -0.5 3.2 -14.0 -10.6 -27.3 -5.5 -7.7 -16.8 — 6.25 6.37 — 0.9 — 2^3 — 2.7 — 5.1 8!b' 9.0 10.8 — 4.0 —11.2 —12.3 5.6 —16. 6 —19.8 —12.0 — 0.0 3.7 — 4.4 —19.7 —13.8 — 1.8 — 0.7 3.4 —12.3 —18.4 —26.5 — 6.3 — 7.2 —10.9 6.40 9 a. m. 10 a.m. — 5.1 -1.4 -3.4 -5.1 - 6.9 8.7 10.8 11.3 - 5. 5 - S.O -12.3 4.7 -10.8 -19.4 -12.3 -6.0 3.7 -0.3 -17. S -9.9 -1.4 -0.9 3.2 -11.4 -19.7 -25.9 -6.9 -6.9 -17.5 -4.4 -1.4 -8.0 -1.4 -4.2 -5.1 -7.1 9.3 13.7 11.8 -6.7 -7.1 -12. 4 ■ 4.2 -1G. 8 -18. 6 -12.0 - 5.5 2.3 -8.0 -18.4 -0.0 -1.4 -0.9 2.5 -11.2 -20.0 -24.4 -6.9 -6.4 -16.1 11 a.m. — 6.20 6.04 -4.4 - 1.0 -7.9 - 1.4 -5.3 -4.4 -0.9 10.0 12.9 12.0 -7.9 -5.1 -12.8 4.0 -17.3 -17.7 -13.0 -5.1 2.3 -9.5 -19.4 -1.8 - 1.7 -0.7 2.3 -12.1 -21.2 -23. 3 -6.9 -6.4 -14.1 12 m. -5.4 -0.7 -7.1 -1.2 -5.1 -4.4 -7.1 11.1 13.4 12.5 - 9.5 -2.7 -13.6 3.3 -17.8 -18.0 -13. 4 -4.0 2.2 -11.4 -20.1 - 0.3 -2.0 -0.7 0.2 -14.9 -21.7 -21.5 -4.5 -6.0 -11.1 1 p. m. ; 2 p. m. 0.0 0.4 - 0.7 -0.5 - 0.9 — G.7 0.7 — 0.3 - 5.1 — 5.4 - 4.5 — 4.8 ■ 7.1 — 7.7 14.5 17.1 10.4 16.9 12.4 12.7 -10.0 — 10. - 0. 5 -14. 1 2.2 -19! 7 -17.7 -12.1 - 3.2 0.2 -10.7 -20. 6 - 1.4 -0.8 - 0.9 -15.0 -14. 3 -22. 1 -l5! 5 -6.2 -6.5 -10. 3 — 5. 93 — 5.85 0.10 -15. 3 2.6 -19.3 -Ifi. 9 -11.5 - 2.4 - 1.4 -9.9 -20. 3 0. G 0.4 -0.7 -16. G -13.8 -22. 2 -n! 7 - 0. -8.4 -7.9 5. S3 Date. 3 p.m. 4p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p. ni. 7 p.m. 8 p. m. p. m. 10 p. m. 11 p.m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max. Min. Diff. 1882. Mar. 1 . . . — 0.7 — S.O — 8.4 — 8.1 — 7.4 — 0.4 — 4.0 — 3.4 — 1.8 — 1.7 — 5. 42 — 1.7 —11.5 0.8 Mar. 2... - 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 — 0.5 — 2.1 — 4.0 — 0.80 0.2 — G. 1 0.3 Mar. 3... — G.8 . — 5.5 — 5.1 — 5.0 — 4.6 — 4.8 — 4.9 — 5.1 — 4.6 — 4.5 — 5.85 — 3.4 —12. 1 8.7 Mar. 4... 0.2 0.0 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 — 1.5 2.2 0.4 — 0.70 2.2 — 0.1 8.3 Mar. 5... — 6.6 — 5.3 — 5.1 — 5.1 — 5.5 — 5.5 — 4.2 — 3.7 — 2.0 — 2.8 — 3.78 0.4 — 9.1 9.5 Mar. G... — 5.1 — 4.4 — 3.2 — 3.0 — 2.3 — 2.1 — 1.4 — 1.0 — 2.0 — 2.7 — 3.48 — 1.0 — 8. 5 7.5 Mar. 7... — 5.5 — 3.4 — 2.3 — 1.4 — 1.4 - 0.9 - 0.7 — 0.8 — 0.4 0.8 — 3.77 0.8 —11.3 12.3 Mar. 8... 20.2 21.3 20.3 18.1 17.2 16.8 20.7 22.0 21.7 19.6 12.77 22.0 — 0. 1 22.1 Mar. 9... 20.3 20.9 22.8 22.0 18.6 14.7 13.7 14.1 14.3 14.0 15. 80 22.8 8.4 u! 4 Mar. 10... 12.7 13.2 13.5 13.7 13.3 12.5 11.0 10.5 9.6 8.1 12.13 13.9 0. 5 7.4 Mar. 11... —10.8 —11.0 —11.2 —11.4 —11.4 —11.3 —11.2 —11.2 —10.9 —11.5 — G.45 0. 4 —15.1 21.5 Mar. 12... 4.G 5.4 7.2 8.1 10.3 10.8 11.2 12.9 6.2 1.1 — 1. 9G 12.9 —20. 1 33.0 Mar. 13... —14.0 —11.9 — 9.7 — 7.2 — 4.4 — 2.7 — 1.0 0.1 3.0 2.3 — 7.61 3.0 —20.7 23.7 Mar. 14... 2.9 3.2 5.0 5.1 4.7 4.4 3.8 2.3 — 0.2 — 1.6 3.93 0.7 — 4.4 11.1 Mar. 15... —18.2 —18.3 —18.1 —17.9 —17.5 —15.6 —15.6 —15.8 —16. 5 —16.5 —15. 08 — 5.7 —23. 8 IS. 1 Mar. 1G... —14.7 —15.0 -13.0 —12. 1 —10.6 — 9.5 — 9.5 — 9.S — 9.8 -7.6 —15. 43 — 7.0 —23.3 15.9 Mar. 17... —10.5 —10.1 -8.6 -7.9 — 7.4 — 6.2 — 5.3 — 4.8 — 3.4 — 3.2 — 9.45 — 3.2 — 1G. 9 13.7 Mar. 18... — 0.9 — 0.5 — 1.4 — 1.4 — 1.5 — 1.2 0.0 0.2 — 0.3 — 2.0 — 3. 15 0.2 —13.1 13.3 Mar. 19 .. — 3.0 — 2.0 2.8 5.G 6.4 9.4 11.4 12.3 12.7 13.5 3.29 13.5 — 5. 7 19.2 Mar. 20... — 9.7 — 7.7 — 7.2 — 6.9 — 6.5 — 6.9 — 7.7 -11.2 —12.8 —13.3 — 4.71 12.0 —16.1 28.1 Mar. 21... -18.4 —15.6 —14. 9 —14.1 —13.2 —13.3 -14.0 —14.0 —16.3 — 16. G -17. 02 —13.2 — 24. S 11.0 Mar. 9,9, 2.7 2.2 0.9 0.4 — 0.4 0.9 1.8 4.G 5.7 3.9 — 5.27 5.7 —23.1 28.8 Mar. 23... 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 l.G 2.5 2.5 2.3 1.3 — 0.7 — 1.55 2. 5 —13. 3 15.8 Mar. 21... — 0.3 0.0 0.4 0. 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.1 3.0 0.18 3.0 — 4.0 7.0 Mar. 25... — 1G. 8 —16.4 -16.1 —14.9 —14.7 -14.3 —13.8 —13. 9 —13.9 —14.4 — 0.25 4.0 —20.5 24.5 Mar. 20... —11.8 — 9.5 — 8.8 — 7.7 — 7.0 — 5.8 — 6.4 — 7.9 — 9.4 —11.6 —11. 38 — 5.8 -17.0 11.8 Mar. 27... 22. 2 —22.1 —21.4 —21.2 —21.3 —21.3 —21.5 —21.6 —22.1 —22.5 —19. 24 —12.3 — 2G.C 14.-3 Mar. 28... —15'. 9 —14.9 —14.2 —13.4 -12.4 —11.9 —10.9 — 7.2 -7.4 — 7.7 -18. 80 — 7.2 -30.! 23. 2 Mar. 29... — 4.9 — 3.2 — 2.5 2. 5 — 2.5 — 2.7 — 3.2 — 1.8 2.3 4.8 — 3.83 4.8 —12.0 16.8 Mar. 30... — 9.1 — 9.0 — 9.8 —10.2 -10.4 —10.5 —10.6 —10.0 —10.5 —11.9 — 8.19 — 3.3 —11. 5 11.2 Mar. 31... — 6.5 — 4.6 — 4.2 — 2.5 — 0.9 0.2 0.4 -0.2 - 0.3 — 1.1 — 9.20 0.4 —21. 1 21.5 Means.. — 5.29 — 4. 22 — 3.51 — 3.13 — 2.85 — 2.51 — 2.10 - 2.00 — 2. 12 - 2. 79 — 4. 53 2.30 —13. 40 15.82 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 233 Tables showing the temperature of the air at I glaamiefrom October. 1881, to August. 1S83 — Continued. [Height of tlie thermometer above the surface of the earth, i feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time,— 5 bours J7 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. i a. m. 5 a. 111. 6 a. m. 1 7 a. m. S a. 111. S a. m. 10 a. 111. 11 a. m. 12 m." 1 p. m. 2 p. in. 1882. Apr. 1 ... — 1.4 -1.5 — 1.0 0.0 0.8 — 0. 5 — 0.8 - 1.4 — 2.1 — 2.0 — 2.3 -2.2 — 2. :: — 2. 3 Apr. 2 . . . — 4.3 — 4.0 — 3.9 -- 3.7 — 3.7 ' — 4.2 — 4.2 — 4.2 — 4.2 — 4.4 — 4.5 — 4.4 — 4.3 Apr. 3... — 4.9 5 o — 6. :; — 7.4 — 9.0 — 10! i —10. G —10. —10. 6 —10. —10.0 — 9.8 -8.0 — 0. :; Apr. 4 ... — 6.-9 — 8! 9 —11.5 —12.1 -13.0 —13.8 -13.0 —11. 4 —10.4 — 9.0 — 9.1 - 7.7 -7.5 — 7.0 Apr. 5 ... -7.7 — 8. 5 — 0.3 — 8.9 - 7.9 — 8.4 — 9.5 -10.7 -12. 1 —13.2 —14.1 -14.3 -14.1 —13. 6 Apr. . . . —13.3 —13.8 —15.3 — 16.9 —17.8 —18.9 -19.0 —19.0 * —18.9 -17.7 —10. —14.7 —13. G —12.1 Apr. 7... 0.4 0.0 1.8 2.1 2.1 3.0 6.0 0.0 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.7 C.8 7.9 Apr. 8... 7.7 0.7 5.3 2.1 — 0.5 — 0.8 — 0.8 — 2. 1 — 4.2 — CO — 0.7 — CO — 4.0 — 3. 2 'Apr. 9... 0.7 CO 0.7 5.7 5.5 5.8 0.0 CO CO CO 8.0 9.9 10. G 12.7 Apr. 10 . . . 14.0 13.7 10.5 9.0 CO 4.2 3.4 4.0 4.9 CO 8.7 10.4 10.8 12.4 Apr. 11... 0.5 — 1.0 — 2.0 — 2.0 — 0.4 , 7_ 7 — 8.0 — 8.8 — 8.G — 8.0 —10.4 —10.3 — 3.9 — 0. 5 Apr. 12... l.G 0.0 — 0.5 — 0.7 — 2.5 — 4.' 2 — 3. 3 — 0.3 — 6.9 — 6.9 — 8.8 — 7.2 — 0. 3 — 4.5 Apr. 13... O.C — 2. — 4.0 — 5.7 — 5. 3 — 3. 2 - CT 1.8 4.4 8.0 11.0 10.0 16.2 15.4 Apr. 14 ... 4.9 4.2 3.2 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 0.4 — 0.7 — 2.7 — 4.4 — 3.1 Apr. 15 - . . — 0.5 — 1.0 — 2.3 — 3.3 -0.2 — 7.5 — 8.8 — 9. 5 —10. 8 —11.8 —11.4 —11.2 —10.0 — 8.7 Apr. 1G... 4.0 5.0 5.2 5. 3 4.2 2.8 3.7 1.9 0.4 0.0 0.1 1.0 l.G 2.4 Apr. 17... 7.9 7.2 0.0 3. 2 0.4 - 1. 6 — 2. 3 - i. — 4.4 — G.5 — 7. 5 — 7.0 Apr. 18 ... -3.2 — 5.1 — 7.0 - 0.8 — 4.2 2, ;, -1.7 — 1.4 0.0 — 0. 5 0.2 0.9 1.0 Apr. 19... 1.9 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.2 3.0 5!o 2.3 1.4 0.9 — 0. 7 - 0. 5 - 0.5 0.2 Apr. 20 ... — 4.5 — 0.3 — 8.2 — 9.3 — 10. -11. 2 -9.1 — 7.9 — 6.3 — 5.1 — :;. 5 — 2.5 — 2. 5 Apr. 21 ... -4.0 — 5.0 — 8. 1 — S. 7 —10.0 —11.8 —13. 2 — ] 1. 5 —14.7 -14.7 -13.0 —11.5 —10.1 — 9.0 Apr. 22 ... — 0.3 —10.1 — 9.2 —10. 1 —10.8 —11.2 —11. 2 —10. — 8.8 —13.0 — 7.9 — 6. 2 — 5.5 — 5.3 Apr. 23 . . . — 0. 5 — 2. 5 — 4.2 — 4.9 — 0. 7 — 7.1 — 7.0 — S.4 — 9.2 —10.0 — 9.5 - 8.1 — 7.7 -G.2 Apr. 24... 11.0 12.9 12.9 12.7 12.0 13.5 14.1 15.0 16.2 10.8 17.8 19.4 20.4 21.7 Apr. 23 . .. 24.0 24.4 23.7 23. G 23.3 23.0 22. 7 22.3 21.5 21.3 20.3 20.0 20.7 21.7 Apr. 20 . . . 22.0 22. 4 21.4 20. 3 19.1 13.0 17.4 1 0.1 15.0 14.9 14.9 14.7 14.0 ' 13.0 Apr. 27 . . . 23.4 iu 22.0 23.4 23.3 23.3 23.0 23.9 23.5 23.5 23.3 23. 5 24.3 25.4 Apr. 28 . . . 32.2 31.3 29.8 29.8 27.4 25.8 25.2 25.9 20.2 25.9 25.9 24.1 22.9 23. ■: Apr. 29 ... 25.1 22 5 21.7 19.8 18.1 17.0 . 16.8 18.1 10.8 16,9 18.9 20.4 20.7 23. 1 Apr. :J0... 31.1 27.7 23.9 20.3 IS. 2 16.8 16.4 14.5 12.7 12.5 11.0 11.0 11.8 12.0 Means . . 5.34 4.52 3.40 2.89 1.83 1.31 1.21 1.09 0.90 0.74 10.4 1.74 2.11 3.02 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. in. p. m. 7 p. m. 8 p. m. If p. m. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Mas. Min. Diff. 1882. Apr. 1... — 2.3 — 2.4 g_ 30 — 3.0 — 2.8 — 2.9 — 3.2 — 2.7 - 4.0 — 2.10 0.8 — 0.1 *0. 9 Apr. 2... — 3.G — 2.5 — L7 — 0.7 — 0.1 — 0.7 — 1.7 — 1.0 — 3.2 — 4.7 — 3.28 -0.1 — G. 8 0.7 Apr. 3... — 5.1 - 4.3 — 3.2 — 3.2 — 2.7 — 2.1 — 0.9 — 2.1 — 3.6 — 5. 5 — 0.39 — 0.9 —15. ■:, 11.4 Apr. 4... — 6.3 — 3.2 — 1.0 — 1.2 — 2.3 — 3.2 — 3.4 — 5.1 — 6.1 — 0.9 — 7. 55 — 1.2 —18. G 17.4 Apr. 5 . . . —13.3 —11.1 —10.6 — 9.5 — 9.3 — 9.0 — 9.5 — 9.7 —10.0 -11.1 —10. 07 — 7.7 —19.0 11.9 Apr. G... —10.4 — 9. 3 — 7.8 — 9.0 — 4.4 0. 3 — 0.7 0.2 1.6 0.8 -11.25 l.G —23. 5 25. 1 Apr. 7 ... S. 9 11.0 12.7 14. 2 14.7 14! 7 13.7 13.3 12.2 10.3 7.73 14.7 2. 2 16.9 Apr. 8... — 1.9 j — 1.4 0.8 2.8 4.2 4.9 5.4 6.3 7.0 7.4 0.93 7.7 —1ft 17.7 Apr. '.)... 15.8 18.1 19.0 20.7 22.1 22.3 22.5 22.3 19.8 15.4 12.51 22.5 3.9 18.6 Apr. 10... 14.0 13.5 14.5 14.9 15.3 14.7 12.7 9.4 7.5 4.2 9.97 15.3 0.9 14.4 Apr. U ... — 3.0 — 0.5 0.9 3.3 5.0 6.8 6.2 5.8 4.4 2. 7 — 2.40 6.8 —13.9 20.7 Apr. 12 ... — 2. 1 | 0.4 3.(1 5.1 G.9 8.0 8.8 8.0 0.0 3! 2 — 0. 42 8.8 —12.0 20.8 Apr. 13... 14.5 12.9 12. G 10.8 10. 8.8 7.9 0.1 5.8 6.2 0.20 16.6 — 9.2 25.8 Apr. 14 ... — 2.3 — 0. 5 0.9 2.8 3.2 3.1 4.0 4.0 2.5 0.4 1.G5 4.9 — 0.5 11.4 Apr. 15... — 7.1 -4.8 — 2.3 0.2 2.3 3.G 3.0 3.4 5.8 3.7 — 3.99 5.8 —14. 9 20.7 Apr. 10. .J 2.5 3.0 3.2 5.3 8.2 0.5 8.9 8.7 8.8 8.0 4.20 8.9 2. 5 11.4 Apr. 17 ... — 0.3 — 5.4 — 4.0 — 4.2 — 3. 7 - 3.7 — 3.2 — 2.5 — 3.1 — 2.8 — 1.66 7.9 —m 3 18.2 Apr. 18 ... 3.4 | 4.1 4.7 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.8 5.3 5.6 2.5 0.53 5.6 —11. 3 16 9 Apr. 10... 0.2 0.2 2 1 2.0 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.8 l.G — 0.3 1.50 4.2 — 4.3 8.5 Apr. 29 . .. — 2.5 — 2. 5 — 2. 3 -2.8 — 1.7 — 1.7 — 2.0 — 2. . 9 n — 2.8 — 4.72 — 1.7 —14. 5 12.8 Apr. 21 ... - 8.0 — 7.7 — G.2 — 6.0 — 6.3 - G.3 — 4.6 — 4.8 — 5.4 -8.1 — 8.87 — 4.0 IS. 3 14.3 Apr. 22... — 4.7 — 3! 2 — 1.1 — 0.5 — 0.2 0.8 1.2 3.0 1.6 0.1 — 5. 55 1.0 —14.3 15.9 Apr. 23 . . . — 3.5 — 1.5 1.8 3.2 4.7 5.0 6.5 8.7 11.3 10.8 — 1.92 11.3 —14.0 25.3 Apr. 24... 22.4 ; 22.9 23.3 29.5 29.5 23.7 24.6 24.9 25.8 24.7 19.54 29.5 9.9 19. G Apr. 25 ... 22.5 ; 23.9 24.7 25.0 25.1 24.9 21.9 24.5 24.3 23.5 23.21 25.1 18.0 7.1 Apr. L0... 15.2 : 15.8 17. G 19.4 20.3 22.5 21.4 24. 5 25. 5 25.1 18.90 25.5 11.3 14.2 Apr. 27 ... 26.9 ; 27.7 28.9 30.1 30.8 31.5 31.8 31.9 32.3 31.8 2C40 32.3 21.4 10.9 Apr. 28... 25. 27.9 28.4 29.0 29.4 29.9- 29.9 29.5 28.4 26.9 27.52 32.2 17.7 11.5 Apr. 20... 25.0 [ 26.7 28.9 30.1 30.2 32.3 31.8 31.3 31.2 30.7 23.92 32.3 15.7 16.0 Apr. 30 ... 13.0 13.5 14.7 15. G 16.0 17.6 18.2 18.2 18.5 17.8 16.82 31.1 9.5 , 21.0 Means . . 4.25 5.3S 0.02 7. Ct 8.41 8.54 s.eit 8.57 S. 30 7.00 4.36 11.25 4. GC 15. 91 H. Ex.44 30 234 EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1SS1, to August, 1SS3 — Continued. [Height of the thermometer above the surface oft lie earth, 4 fc it. "Washington mean time. Collection to reduce to mean local time.- -5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. a. m. 7 a. m. 8 a. m, 9 a. m. 10 a. m. II a. m. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p. m. 1882. Mav 1... 18.0 17. G 17.0 16.4 10.3 15. S 15.8 15.9 15. G 15.7 15. G 17.1 18.1 18.5 Mav 2 ... 12.8 10.8 11.5 11.9 12.3 12.5 11.2 11.1 8.5 6.3 5.1 4.9 4.9 5. 3 6.7 0.2 0.1 5.9 4.9 4.4 4.2 3.7 3.8 4.7 CO 0.4 6.4 6.8 May 4.... 9.2 9.2 8.7 8.7 8.7 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.2 7.8 8.9 May 5 7.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.0 5.1 4.2 3.9 3.0 1.0 2.3 2. 5 2.5 2. 5 May 0... 7. 2 0.3 0.1 5.9 4.9- 4.4 4.0 4.4 5.1 4.9 5.3 G. 3 7. 5 S. 2 Mav 7.... 11.1 11.0 11.1 11.0 10.0 9.0 9.6 9.8 9.8 10.0 10.0 10. G 11.0 11.0 May 8.... 10.0 1G. 3 10.4 10.5 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.9 15.8 15.8 10.1 10.1 35.8 10.1 May 3.... 17.0 16.9 ' 10.8 1G.8 10.3 15.8 15.0 15.4 14.0 13.7 13.5 13.0 is: 15.2. May 10 15.0 15.9 16.3 16.0 15.8 15.0 15.3 14.8 14.5 14.9 15.1 15.4 15.4 15.9 May 11.... 18.7 19.0 19.5 19.9 21.0 21.5 20.3 22.5 24.9 25.4 20.0 2G. 8 27.2 28.8 33.2 32.8 32.0 31.5 30.8 30.5 29.9 29.4 29.2 29.5 30.1 30.9 32.6 32. C Mav 13.... 33.4 32.0 31.0 31.2 29.4 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.3 30. 5 31. 5 32.1 33. 1 32.1 May 14.... 31.0 31.5 31.1 30.0 30.1 29.4 29.2 28.4 28.2 28.7 29. G 30. 1 30.3 31.5 30.7 30.3 30.3 30.1 28.6 28.2 27.9 28.0 2S.4 29. 1 29.8 30.1 30.8 31.3 Mav 10 .... 29.5 28.3 25.2 23.6 19.8 19.4 18.1 1G.9 15.7 15.0 17.4 20.3 22.5 25. 4 Mav 17.... 30.4 29.9 29. G 29.0 28.0 28.8 28.8 28. 7 29.0 29.2 30.3 30.7 31.5 32. 1 May IS.... 33.3 33.2 32. 5 32. 4 31.7 31.0 31.3 31.3 30.3 29.5 28. 29. 29.0 29.0 May 11).... 31.3 30.4 29.2 27.9 26.2 25.4 24.0 22. 5 20.5 19.4 19.8 20.7 21.8 23.9 May 20 33.0 34.0 33.7 34.0 33.1 33.1 3D.0 33.0 33.3 33. 3 34.0 34.8 35.0 35. S Mav 21.... 34.2 34.0 33.9 33. 8 33.3 33.3 33.1 33.0 32.9 33.1 33. 3 33.0 34.0 34.1 May 22.... 33.0 33.4 33.3 33. 1 33.0 32. 5 32.0 32.3 32.1 32.1 32.5 32. 4 33.5 34.4 Mav 2::.... 29.8 28.7 27.3 20. 7 25.8 25.2 24.5 24.3 24.3 24.5 24.9 25.2 26.2 20. Mav 24.... 24.9 23.3 21.3 19.9 18.0 19.1 19.3 18.4 18.4 17.8 17. G 17.4 19.1 10.1 May 23 20.3 19.5 19.4 19.4 18.3 18.2 18.2 17.9 17.0 18.0 IS. 8 18.8 18.8 19.1 May 20.... 23.0 23.0 23.0 21.4 21.9 21.8 21.0 20.0 19. 18.8 IS. 4 18.8 19.1 20.1 May 27.... 21.8 20.7 20.3 20.1 15.0 13.1 11.6 11.4 11.6 12.5 13.9 15.8 18.0 in g 19.8 18.5 17.0 15.7 13.7 12. G 12.5 11.8 12.5 13.4 14.3 15. 1 17.1 17.1 Mav 2!).... 18.9 17.5 17.0 10.5 15.0 14.9 14.5 15.2 16.4 17.1 18.0 19.4 19.4 20. i May. '10.... 24.7 24. G 24.3 24.0 23.7 23.0 22.5 22.7 23.0. 23.3 24.3 24.7 25.4 25. a May 31. . . . 29.5 2S.G 27.8 27. G 26.4 20.2 2G.0 25. S 2G. 1 26. 2 20.8 27.2 28.7 30. 2 Means .. 22. 8G 22.28 21. 81 21.42 20.52 20. 16 ! 19.73 19.50 19.43 iy.3'j 19. 92 20. 43 21. IS 21.84 Date. 3 p. m. 1 p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. 7 p.m. S p. m. '.) p.m. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max. Min. Diff. 1882. May 1 19.6 20.0 20.3 20.5 19. 19. G 18.1 15.8 15.4 13.5 17.32 20.5 12.2 8.3 May 2 7.8 7.4 6.2 0.2 7.5 7.G 7.0 6.7 7.2 6.9 S.32 12.8 3.4 9.4 May 3 6.8 6.6 7.0 7.8 8.4 8.9 9.4 9.9 9.5 9.1 6.65 9.9 0.9 9.0 May 4 9.5 10.0 11.3 10.6 9.8 9.4 8.9 8.4 8.2 7.4 8.65 11.3 5.0 6.3 Muy 5.... 3.4 4.6 5.0 5.9 0.8 7.4 7.8 8.2 8.0 7.0 5. 22 8.6 —1.7 10.3 May 6... 9.2 10.2 11.6 11.8 11.8 12.0 12.2 12.0 11.7 10.3 S.05 12.2 2.0 10.2 May 7.... 12.2 13.3 13.2 13.5 14.3 14.7 14.9 10.4 16.3 15.3 12.10 10.4 7. 3 9.1 May 8 16.1 16.4 16.5 16.8 17.0 18.0 18.8 19.1 18.8 18.0 10.70 19.1 14.2 4.9 Mav 9.... 15.4 15.4 15. G 16.5 10.4 10.4 10.0 16.0 19.5 17.8 15.89 19.5 11.0 S. 5 May 10.... 16.4 17.4 17.6 18.8 19.0 19.4 19.0 19.7 18.9 18.0 10.72 19. 7 13.3 0.4 May 11 29.6 30.7 32.1 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.3 33.5 33.8 32.9 2G 98 33.8 17.0 10. s May 12.... 33.5 34.2 34.7 35. 2 34.8 34.2 34.0 33. 7 33.0 33.0 32.33 33.2 28.0 7.2 May 13.... 33. a 34.2 34.0 35.7 32.8 32.1 32.1 31.8 31.5 31.1 32. 05 35. 7 20. 9.7 May 14.... 31.7 32.1 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.3 33.1 33.1 32.9 31.4 30.95 33.1 27. 2 5. 9 May 15.... 31.3 31.5 31.7 31.5 31.1 30.9 30.6 30.4 30.2 29.2 30. 08 31.7 20. S 4.9 May 16.... 26.6 28.4 28.9 29.7 30.8 31.5 31.9 31. G 31.3 30.3 24. 95 31.9 14.1 17.8 May 17 32. G 33.1 33.3 33.7 33.5 33. 4 35.2 34. G 34.0 33.3 31.40 35. 2 27.8 7.4 May 18.... 29.0 29.0 28.2 29.4 31.3 31.9 32. 1 32.3 32.2 31.5 30.82 33.3 27.0 0.3 May 19 24.3 25.7 27.4 28.4 30. r> 31.8 33.2 33.3 33.5 33.1 20.80 33.5 18.0 15. 5 May 20 35.8 30.0 36.2 36.0 37.0 30.4 36.1 35.2 35.2 35.2 34.72 S7.0 32. 3 4.7 May 21.... 34.4 34.4 35.0 35.2 35.2 34.8 34.4 34.2 34.2 33.5 33. 93 35. 2 31.8 3.4 May 22 35.0 33.4 35.4 35.4 35.0 33.5 33 5 33.1 32.6 32.2 33 41 35.4 SO. 8 4.0 May 23 20.1 26.8 26.9 27.4 27.4 27.3 27.2 27.2 27.4 2G.4 20. 40 29.8 21.8 8.0 May 24.... 19 1 19.0 19.6 19.8 20.1 20.3 21.3 21.0 21.3 20.0 19. 85 24.9 35.3 n.o May25.... 19.1 19.1 19.8 21.5 23.0 23.3 23.5 23.4 23.7 23. 5 20.(9 23.7 16.3 7.4 May 26.... 20.1 20.8 21.3 21.5 21.7 22.0 21.5 21.3 21.9 21.5 21. 00 23.0 15.8 7.8 May 27 21.0 22.3 23.3 23.5 23.0 23.5 93 5 23. 22.6 21.3 1 s. 80 23. 10.2 33.4 May28 18.4 18.9 19.6 20.1 20.9 20.5 21.1 19.8 19.9 19.5 17 OS 20.9 10.0 10. 9 May 29.... 21 1 22.5 23,0 24. 5 24.5 24.8 25.0 24.5 23.9 24.5 19 99 25. 12.8 12.2 May 30 26.4 27.2 27.4 27.7 28.4 28.9 29.3 29.2 29.7 29.4 25. 82 29.7 21.2 8. ."■ May 31.... 28. 29.4 30.1 30.4 30.9 31.2 31.0 31.0 31. G 30.5 28.01 31. G 24.0 7.0 Means . . 22.39 23.01 23.40 23. 88 24.17 24. 25 24.37 24.21 24. 23 23.40 21.99 25. 60 10. 83 8.77 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 235 Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from Oetobcr, 1881, to Avgusf, lti$o — Continued. [Height of the thermometer above t ho surface of the earth, 4 foci. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — D hours 17 minute*. 1 Dite. 1 a.m. 2 a.m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a.m. a. m. 7 a.m. 8 a. m. !) a. ni. 10 a. in. 11 a.m. 12 m. 1 p.m. 2 p. El. 1882. .Tunc 1... 30. 5 29.8 28. 9 28. 2 27.7 27. 2 20.4 26.1 2G.4 27. 3 28. «, 29. 7 29. 8 30. June -... 30.5 30.4 29.0 29. 2 27.9 27.0 27.0 28. 2 27. 6 2G. 7 ■J; G 26. 2 27.4 28.2 June :;... 29.2 28.8 28. 2 28. 2 27. 4 27. 4 27. G 27.7 28, 9 29.4 ::o. 31.5 32. 5 33.1 ■Tune i--' 33.5 32. 7 32. 4 32.3 31.5 31.1 30.5 30. 3 30.7 31.1 31.7 32. 1 33.1 33. 5 Juue r>... 34.4 33.0 32. G 32.4 31.8 31.3 31.2 30.3 30.1 29.9 30.7 30.7 31.8 32. 8 June (i... 38.3 3G.0 35.0 35.3 33.0 33.3 34.2 31.1 33.8 :;:.. 2 36. 5 38. 1 39. 1 39. 5 Jiuu- 7... 40.3 39. 3 38.3 : 5. l 32. G 31.3 32.3 32.7 33.7 33.7 31.8 3G. 7 38.4 40. Juki- 8... 38. 2 37.1 30.2 34.2 30. 3 29.5 29.4 29.7 "0. 5 32. 8 33. 5 34. 1 34.1 34. 5 June !>-.. 38.3 37.0 35.5 34. 2. 31.7 30.7 31. 5 32. 5 33. G 3.'. 32. 9 32. 9 33.1 33.7 Juue ]()... ' 34. 33.1 32.4 32.1 31.5 31. 5 31.5 31. G 32.5 33.7 31. u 34. 34. 4 34.4 June It... 34.4 33. 4 33.5 33.1 as. s 32.5 32.5 32,2 32.7 33.8 34.7 34.9 35.8 30. 9 June 12... 40. 2 42.0 40.1 38.0 38.0 38.7 37.9 30. 3 38.3 38.3 30. 3 40.7 41.2 39.8 Juno 13... 35. 3G. 1 35.2 34. 1 33.3 32.9 33.5 33. 1 32. 5 32. f> 33.7 34.8 35. 34.4 June 14... 33.7 34.0 33.2 33. 2 32.7 32.7 32.9 33.0 33.0 • 33. 1 33.5 34.0 34.0 34.0 June 15. -- 34.4 34.2 34.2 33.7 33.2 33.1 33.1 32/7 32.7 33.4 33.7 33. G 34.3 34.1 June 10 .. 33.2 32.4 31.0 31.3 30.5 29.9 30.1 30.1 30. 5 31.2 31. 1 32. 3 31.0 33.1 June 17... 35.4 33. 5 35. 2 33. 7 31.0 30. 2 29.7 31.5 32. 5 32. 32. 9 33. 5 34. 35.0 Juno IS. .. 34.4 33. 5 32.9 32. 4 31.8 32.9 34.4 35.8 38.8 38. 6 38. 9 30. 3 41.8 42.9 Juno 19. .. 41.2 40.1 38.1 37.3 37.1 30.2 36.8 37.4 37.9 38.5 38.9 39. 39.0 40.5 Juno 20... 3S.9 37.0 30.0 30. 2 35.4 34. 34.4 34.6 34. 34.4 35. 35. 4 35. 9 36. 4 Juue 21... • 35.3 34. 5 34.0 33. 5 33.2 32.7 32.8 32. 8 32. 9 33.1 33.5 34.2 31.2 34.0 June 22. .. 3'!. 1 31.3 29.8 30.1 29.3 • 28.2 28. G 28.1 28.8 29.0 29. 9 30. 4 30.7 30. 7 June 23 . . . 32.4 32.0 31.5 31.3 30.5 30.7 30.9 30.5 30.5 32. 3 32. 5 32. 5 32. 5 June 21... 34.0 30. 2 37.3 36. G 33.9 33.3 31.3 30.7 31.3 32.7 33.1 35.8 34.1 33.0 June 25. .. 41.0 41.7 49.1 38.5 36.4 36.6 38.3 40.9 41.0 39.8 41.8 43.0 44.2 45. 4 June 20... 38.8 38.1 34.4 33.5 33.5 33.5 33.5 33. 5 33. 1 32.5 32.5 32. 5 32. 5 32. 5 Juno 27 . . . 33.0 32.0 32.5 32. G 32.5 32.5 32.1 31.5 31.5 31. 5 31.5 31.5 31.0 32. 5 Juno 28... 32.1 31.0 31.4 31.2 30.7 30.5 30.5 30.3 30.3 30.5 30. 8 31.5 32.5 33.0 June 29... 31.3 32.3 32.4 31.6 31.5 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.7 33.8 31.9 35.4 30.4 June 30. .. 34.2 34.3 34.0 33.7 33.7 33.5 33.5 33.5 33.5 33.5 34.9 34.9 35.2 J.,. _ Means . . 35.33 34. G2 33.90 33.20 32.24 31.03 32. 05 32.04 82. 55 32.67 33. 54 34. 18 34.06 35. 09 Date. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. p. m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p. m. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max. Miu. Diff. 1882. Juno 1... 31.1 32.1 32.1 32. 3 32.5 32.8 32.5 32.1 32.0 31.3 29. 92 32.8 24.5 8.3 Juno 2 . . . 28.2 28.6 28.9 29.4 28.6 29.4 30.2 29.9 29.8 29.2 28.58 30.5 25.0 5.5 Juue 3 . . . 34.0 35.9 35.1 35.0 34.7 34.4 34.2 34.0 33.4 33.5 31.41 35. 1 26. 5 8.0 June 4... 34.0 34.0 34.2 35.0 35.2 35.2 38.9 35.2 35.8 34.9 33.29 38.9 20.3 9.0 Juno 5... 33.8 35.0 37.7 38.1 38.9 37.7 37.9 37.4 38.3 37.5 34.00 38.9 29.1 9,8 Juno .. 39.1 39.1 37.9 37.8 37.9 37.5 39.3 40.1 40.3 41.7 37.10 41.7 31.8 9.9 June 7... 36.8 36.0 36.7 37.2 37.2 37.0 37.0 36.4 37.1 38.1 30.20 40.3 30.8 9.5 June 8 .. 34.7 35.7 37.2 37.6 37.4 37.2 37.2 3G.7 38.1 40.0 34. 83 40.0 27.4 12.0 June 9... 31.0 34.4 35.2 30.7 30.0 35.4 35.3 34.9 34.5 34.2 34.18 38.3 28.8 9.5 June 10... 35.0 35.8 36.4 3G.4 36.0 36.4 36.9 3G. 1 35.5 30.2 34. 25 36.0 30.0 6. G Juno 11... 38.3 39.5 41.2 41.3 41.1 38.7 39.3 41.5 42.9 45.2 30. 75 45.2 . 31.0 13. G June 12... 37.9 38 5 38.7 38.5 39.3 39.3 38.3 37.9 30.4 35.7 39 02 46.2 35.4 10.8 Juno 13... 35.0 35.4 35.2 35.6 34.4 34.0 34.0 34. 34.0 33.6 34. 25 36.1 31.8 4.3 June 14... 35.2 35.3 30.4 37.0 36.9 36.7 36.5 36.9 35.8 34.7 31.52 37.0 32.0 5.0 Juno 15... 33.9 35.0 34.0 34.4 34.0 33.5 33.8 33.5 33.0 34.2 33. 79 35. 31.9 3. 1 June 10... 33.1 33.1 33.0 33.3 33.8 33.8 34.0 34.6 34.4 35. 2 32.41 35.2 29.1 0.1 Juue 17... 35.4 36 2 35.9 35. 7 35.8 3G.4 36.9 36.6 36.0 34.3 34. 20 3G. 9 29.0 7.9 June 18... 45.2 40.5 40.1 40 40.3 39.3 39.1 42.5 44.3 45.0 3S. 55 45.2 30.9 14.3 Juno 19... 41.5 40.9 40.5 38.8 39.9 38.9 38. G 38.3 39.1 38.9 38.94 41.5 55. 1 G. 4 Judo 20... 37.9 38.3 38.0 38. 6 38.7 38.5 38.3 37.8 37.1 35.7 33.57 38.9 33.0 5.9 June 21... 34.2 33.7 33.9 34.0 33.7 33.7 32.5 32.5 33.1 32.4 33. 52 35.3 31.0 4.3 Juno 22... 31.1 31.4 31. 5 32.0 34; 3 32.7 3*2.9 32.7 33.1 32. 3 30. 02 34. 3 2G. 8 7.5 Juno 23... 32.5 32 5 32.0 31.7 31.7 32.1 32.0 32.0 32.3 33.2 31. 85 33.2 29.0 4.2 Juno 21 . . 33.9 35.0 35.2 35.4 30. 36.0 35.9 35.9 36.4 37.0 34. 58 37.3 30.1 7. 2 Juno 25 . . . 47.2 48.8 49.7 50.5 52.0 53.5 51.2 52.2 51. 3 43.0 44.50 53.5 34.0 19.5 June 2fi... 33.7 34.0 34.4 34.2 34.0 34.0 34.2 33.9 34.2 33.3 33.93 38. 8 32.0 0.8 Juno 27. .. 33.7 33.5 33.5 32.7 32. 5 32. 1 31.7 31.5 32.4 52.1 32. 27 33.7 J9.G 4.1 June 28... 33.5 34.4 34.4 34.2 34.9 34.4 34.2 33.0 33.4 31.6 32.29 34.9 29.3 5.0 Juno 29 .. 36.4 3G.4 37.4 36.2 35.4 35.4 36. 4 35. G 35.2 34.0 34.20 37.4 29.8 7.0 June 30... 35.4 35.4 35. 4 35. 4 35.4 35.4 35.4 38.3 39.0 40.6 35.14 40. G 32.0 3-.0 Means . . 35.52 35.78 36. 10 36.19 30.30 36.05 36. 15 36.13 36.29 35. 95 34. 53 38.31 30.22 8.09 236 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Table *ho icing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of the thermometer above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. in. 6 a. m. 7 a. m. 1 8 a. m. ! 9 a. m. i 10 a. m. 11a. in. 12 m. 1 p. m. i 2 p.m. 1882. July 1... 37.9 34.4 33.5 33.0 32.8 33.5 38.8 40.7 38.3 40.1 40.3 40.2 40.8 • 40.8 July 2... 38.9 39.5 41.2 in. 4 40.7 37.4 38.8 35.4 37.4 37.4 37.4 38.8 40.6 44.0 , 44.2 July 3... 39.8 39.3 37.0 35.8 35.6 36.4 37.2 37.8 37.9 35.4 34.4 33.1 33.3 July 4... 35.0 35.4 34.5 34.0 33.7 34.3 34.4 34.1 38.3 38.3 38.3 37.4 38.3 38.3 July 5... 40.1 38.1 36.2 34.7 34.4 33.9 34.4 35.6 37.4 40.3 43.0 46. 2 46.0 40.2 July C... 43.3 43.8 42.8 40.8 41.0 42.2 43.4 42.4 44.0 45.2 44.7 45.2 45.0 45.2 July 7... 48.2 49. S 49.2 45.3 40.2 45.0 48.2 50.2 51.0 53.2 55.5 56.2 49.2 56.4 July 8... 49.0 46.2 40.9 41.4 39.1 38.3 36.8 40.3 42.4 43.2 44.5 45.4 45.4 45. 2 July 9... 41.1 39.7 38.2 35.3 33.5 32.0 31.0 30.7 31.5 32.5 33.9 34.4 34.4 34.2 July 10... 40.8 39.4 40.3 41.1 38.3 39.1 43.4 47.0 50.2 52.8 55.2 49.7 52.2 45.0 July 11... 40.8 41.5 39.7 38.3 38.1 40.1 42.0 40.2 47.8 52.7 5G.0 56.2 56.7 59.9 July 12... 43.2 43.2 44.7 45.2 42.7 42.7 42.5 42.2 41.9 44.2 44.2 47.2 44.2 42.2 July 13... 39.1 3C.9 36.6 37.0 37.2 37.3 37.2 38.9 39.3 39.3 38.9 38. 3 38. 3 38.3 July 14... 48.2 49.2 45.8 41.0 39.1 38.9 40.0 41.2 42.9 42.7 41.2 40.7 40.1 39.5 July 15... 33.5 33.5 31.0 30.1 29.0 29.0 28.6 32.5 31.5 33.1 32.3 32. 5 33.1 33.5 July 16... 37.4 35.9 36.3 34.0 34.2 32.5 32.5 32. 5 33. 5 34.2 35.4 36.9 30.7 35.9 July 17... 34.9 34.8 34.5 34.3 34.4 34.4 34.1 33.7 33.7 32. 7 33.7 34.4 34.6 35.2 July 18... 37.3 36.0 35.3 35.0 34.9 34.6 34.4 34.4 34.9 35.6 36.4 37.7 37.7 38.3 July 19... 40.4 39.9 38.1 38.3 38.3 38.1 37.9 39.1 40.5 41.2 43.4 46.3 50.7 49.0 July 20... 40. 3 41.6 45.2 44.8 43.9 44.0 43.6 47.4 48.9 47.2 48.0 45.2 46.2 46.7 July 21... 40.5 43.2 41.3 41.2 40.5 40.3 40.3 39.6 39.3 39.3 40.1 42.2 44.7 44.4 July 22... 45.8 44.4 44.1 43.3 42.6 42.2 41.8 41.4. 42.2 43.4 45.6 44.7 47.2 47.7 July 23... 40.8 46.8 45.4 43.4 43.2 43.4 42.5 43.2 45.7 49.5 49.2 50.4 50.4 55.2 July 24... 50.7 52. 49.0 48.9 50.5 51.2 50.9 51.2 52.1 53.9 57.2 57.2 61.3 62.5 July 25... G1.3 59.1 55.1 55. 2 52.2 53.2 53.2 53.9 57. 2 60.3 61.1 55.2 53.7 51.2 July 2G... 54.3 54.0 52.8 51.2 51.2 50.9 50.5 51.6 52.2 53.4 54.2 54.7 55.2 53.4 July 27... 44.7 43.1 41.3 41.5 41.2 41.2 41.0 41.0 40.3 41.0 40.3 41.7 43.0 43.0 July 28... 35.9 35.9 36.3 36.6 30.1 35.4 34.6 33.9 33.5 33. 9 34.9 34.9 35.9 36.5 July 29... 36.2 35. 5 35.2 35.0 35.2 35.7 34.9 34.9 35.9 35.9 36.9 38.8 37.4 40.3 July 30... 40.9 39.4 38.5 38.6 37.2 36.7 30.9 36.9 38.3 39.3 40.3 41.2 43.2 44.2 July 31... 54.7 54. G 54.6 53.0 51.2 50.4 50.7 50.2 50.9 52.7 51. C 52.2 52.7 53.9 llcans . . 43.20 42. 13 41.23 40.30 39.52 39.51 39. 77 40.69 ,41.64 42.79 43. 50 43.82 44.24 44.50 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p.m. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. 7 p.m. S p.m. 9 p. m. 10p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p.m. Daily means. Mas. Min. Diff. j 1882. July 1... 40.7 40.8 39.3 40.8 41.4 41.0 ! 41.8 1 42.0 42.0 43:4 39.10 43.4 32.2 11.2 July 2... 47.5 48.7 48.0 47.7 47.0 46.7 46.2 45.2 42.8 40.8 42.18 48.7 34.0 14.7 July 3... 34.2 33.2 34.0 33.9 33.8 33.0 33.1 34. 2 34.4 34.0 35.37 39.8 31.0 8.2 July 4... 38.1 39.3 39.8 40.7 40.5 39.6 40.2 40.4 41.2 41.2 37.72 41.2 32.2 9.0 Julv 5... 47.4 46.7 46.2 45. 4 44.2 44.0 43.4 44.2 43.2 44.7 41. 50 47.4 33.2 14.2 July 0... 45. 2 46.7 46.2 45.0 42.7 43.2 44. 8 43.4 44.0 45.0 43.97 46.7 39.8 G. July 7... 56.8 58.3 59.3 60.4 60.0 59. 1 57. 7 56.4 50.0 52. 2 53. 35 60.0 42.2 18.4 July 8... 47.0 47.2 49.0 49.0 48.7 48.0 48.2 43.7 39.9 40.2 44.28 49.0 36.2 12.8 July 9... 34.2 34.4 35.4 35.0 36.4 37.9 43.4 43.2 40.3 40.3 35.98 43.4 29. S 13.6 July 10... 49.0 51.7 50.4 43.7 43.4 42.7 45.2 51.2 53.2 51.3 46.51 55.2 37.3 17.9 July 11... 56.7 59.1 55, i 50.4 48.2 45. 2 46.0 43. 2 45. 2 42.0 47. 82 59.9 36.5 23.4 July 12 .. 42.7 41.8 41.2 40.3 40.1 39.8 38.8 37.4 38.3 38. 5 42. 05 47.2 35.5 11.7 July 13... 38.8 39.3 39.9 40.3 40.6 40.4 41.0 42. 2 43. 8 49. 2 :■■<). 50 49.2 35.0 14.2 July 14... 38.8 38.3 33.3 38.4 38.3 37.8 37.4 30. G 35.7 35. 40. 24 49.2 33.9 15.3 July 15 .. 33.7 34.0 34.4 35.4 34.6 34.4 35. 2 35.4 37.1 37.4 33.12 37.4 27.1 10.3 July 16... 36.9 36.9 37.4 37.8 37.8 37.6 36.7 35. 6 35. 5 35. 3 35. 04 37. S 31.9 5. 9 July 17... 35.6 36.6 37.2 37.9 38.5 37.8 37.2 36.1 37.4 30.9 35. 44 38.5 32. 8 5.7 July 18... 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.1 38.1 38.5 3S. 8 39.3 39.9 39. 3 37.06 39.9 33.7 6.2 July 19... 51.7 47.8 48.0 48.0 45. 8 46.7 49.0 48.3 46.8 43.7 44. 00 51.7 37.0 14.7 July 20... 46.2 4G.2 47.4 48.7 48.2 48.4 48. 2 47.2 47.3 40.4 40. 3S 48.1 48.7 0.2 July 21... 45.4 47.0 47.7 45.2 42.7 43.0 43.4 43.8 45.0 46. 3 43. 02 47.7 38.3 9.4 July 22... 47.7 48.0 48.2 48.4 50.0 51.8 52. 5 52.3 53.7 50.0 46.62 53.7 40.7 13.0 July 23... 57. 2 00.8 00.9 01.1 54.4 53.7 57. 4 57. 8 55.4 55. 2 51.21 61.1 41.8 19.3 July 24... G3.7 G5.3 05.5 59.1 58.3 55.4 56. 6 57. 2 57.8 01.0 50. 46 05.5 48.0 17.5 Julv 25... 49.7 49.2 50. 8 53.4 55.1 56.0 57.1 56. 7 54.8 55. 51.99 61.3 43.1 13.2 July 26... 54.2 54.2 52. 2 54.8 52.7 52.4 49.5 49.4 47.8 45.8 52.19 55. 2 43.8 11.4 41.0 42.2 43.2 45.0 42.2 40.5 39.0 37.5 35. 9 30. 2 41. 12 45. 35. 10.0 July 28... 37.8 36.6 36.4 37.2 36.8 36.4 30.4 36.9 37.3 30. 8 35. 95 37.8 32.8 5.0 July 29... 41.0 41.2 41.8 43.2 43.0 43.0 42. 8 43.5 42.2 41.8 38. 80 43.5 33.8 9.7 Julv 30... 40. 7 48. 5 50. 2 53. 5 50.4 49.2 50.7 53.0 , 53. 55.2 44. 25 "»5 2 35. S 19.4 July 31... 54.5 56.0 56.7 54.2 54.2 54.2 55.2 56.8 58.3 44. C9 1 57.2 41.47 53. 89 43.21 58.3 49.0 9.3 Sloans . . 45.11 1 45. 04 1 45.77 45. 57 j 44. 80 1 44. 42 1 44.93 44.84 49.01 j 37. 02 11.99 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 237 Table showing the temperature of the air at Vglaamie from October, 18S1, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of the thermometer above tbc surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. I a. m. 5 a. m. a. m, 7 a. m. S a. m. 9a.m. 10 a. in. 11 a. m. 12 m. 1 p. HI. 2 p. ra. 1882. Aug. 1... 55. 5 55.2 55.9 54.8 50.2 49.2 47.7 47.7 48.2 49.6 50.3 50.2 50.0 52.0 Ang. 2... 42.9 42.8 43.0 43.0 44.2 44.7 44.2 44.2 44.4 44.7 45.2 40.9 49.0 49.9 Aug. 3 . . . 53.7 53.4 48.0 45.2 43.5 41.7 40.7 40.3 40.0 38.6 38.8 38.8 38.8 38.3 Aug. 4... 40.4 42.7 38.5 38.1 38.3 39.0 40.3 40.9 41.7 43.4 45.8 47.2 41.8 41.4 Aug. 5 . . . 32.7 34.1 34.0 34.1 34.0 32.5 32.7 32.9 33.7 34.9 36.4 37. G 38.7 39.5 Aug. G... 40.2 40.3 40.2 40.8 41.2 41.9 43.2 44.4 44.7 45. 5 49.0 49.7 50.7 53.7 Aug. 1 ... 51.8 50.7 49.9 49.0 43.7 43.2 42.8 42.2 41.7 41.9 41.4 41 9 41.2 41.3 Aug. S... 43.8 41.0 41.3 41.0 40.0 44.6 40.1 40.0 41.2 41.2 43.4 45.5 46.2 48.1 Aug. 9... 52.7 52.0 51.9 52.0 51.2 50.7 50.2 49.7 49.2 49.4 49.4 48.5 48.0 48.7 Ang. 10 . . . 33.0 33.1 32.7 33.6 33.3 33.3 34.9 36.1 38.3 40. 3 41.0 42.2 43.4 43.0 Aug. 11... 53.3 52.0 50.6 50.1 50.2 50.0 50.2 50.2 50.2 50.2 50.2 51.7 53.4 53.2 Aug. 12 . . . 57.9 54.4 50.0 50.2 48.6 48.2 47.7 47.7 40.8 46.2 46.2 41.2 39.1 37.0 Aug. 13 . . . 35.1 35.2 34.2 33.1 32.5 31.7 32.0 31.8 31.8 32.0 32.0 31.9 31.0 31.0 Aug. 14... 31.0 31.3 30.5 30.5 30.3 30.0 30.3 30.3 31.0 31.0 32.0 32.0 33.5 34.0 Aug. 15 ... 34.0 33.7 33.5 33.5 32.7 32.5 32.5 32.5 33.1 33.3 33.0 34.4 34.8 30.0 Aug. 10 . . . 33.9 32.5 . 32.3 32.3 32.3 32.0 32.3 32.1 32.1 32.1 32.5 32.5 32.5 34.2 Aug. 17 . . . 33.1 32.5 32.3 32.2 31.8 31.0 31.7 32.2 32.8 32.3 32.4 32.4 33.0 33.0 Aug. 18... 33.4 33.1 33.3 32.5 32.5 32.1 31.9 31.5 31.8 32.2 32.5 33.2 33.0 33.7 Aug. 10 .. 34.2 32.5 31.4 30.7 30.3 29.9 30.1 30.3 32.5 35.5 35.5 36.2 37.4 37.4 Aug. 20 . . . 38.1 37.5 37.0 36.9 36.4 36.1 35.4 . 35.4 35.0 35.9 35.9 36.6 37.4 38.1 Aug.21 ... 37.5 36.5 35.4 36.7 38.3 37.2 30.4 35. 6 35.2 34.4 34.4 33.7 33.5 33.9 Aug. 22... 30.4 30.4 33.1 33.3 33.2 33.2 33.0 33.3 33.3 33.5 35.1 35.7 30.4 37.1 Aug. 23... 35.4 35.4 35.2 35.2 35.2 34.9 34.9 34.6 35.4 34.6 34.7 34.4 34.9 35.4 Aug. 24 . . . 36.4 32.5 31.1 31.0 30.5 30.9 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.7 32.8 32.8 32.8 Aug. 25... 33.5 32.5 32.0 32.3 32.5 32.3 32.3 32.5 33.3 33.1 33.5 33.3 33.3 33.0 Aug. 2G... 33.5 33.3 33.3 • 33.3 33.3 33.0 33.0 33.2 32.9 32.8 32.5 32.5 33.2 33.5 Aug. 27 . . . 31.5 30.5 29.0 28.5 28.1 28.2 28.0 29.3 29.6 29.6 29.8 30.5 30.5 30.8 Aug. 28... 39.4 28.6 28.5 28.2 28.6 28.4 28.1 27.8 27.4 27.6 29.1 30.1 30.5 30.2 Aug. 29... 29.1 29.0 28.7 28.9 28.8 28.6 28.6 28.8 29.2 29.4 29.6 30.5 31.3 32.0 Aug. 30 . . . 31.3 30.9 31.3 30.0 30.5 30.5 30.3 30.5 29.6 29.8 30.5 31.3 32.1 32.3 Aug. 31... 31.3 32.0 32.3 32.3 32.5 32.5 33.0 33.0 32.3 32.3 32.3 32.0 32.2 32.5 Means . . 38.02 38.01 37.15 | 36.90 36.43 30.30 30.15 36.21 36.47 36.74 37.31 37.66 37.88 38.33 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. in. 5 p. m. p. ra. 7 p. m. 8 p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. 12 p. m: Daily moans. Max. Min. Diff. 1882. Aug. 1... 52.2 52.7 50.3 48.8 47.4 48.2 46.4 45.4 42.6 42.2 49.70 57.6 40.8 16.8 Aug. 2... 48.7 48.7 48.3 48.0 47.9 48.2 49.9 50.0 53.9 55.1 46.99 55.0 40.7 14.3 Aug. 3... 37.8 38.3 38.4 38.5 36.7 36.6 35.0 35.2 36.1 37.2 40.42 56.1 33.6 22.5 Aug. 4... 41.5 39.3 37.1 35.6 35.7 35.8 36.3 36.2 35.1 34.2 39.45 47.5 33.0 14.5 Aug. 5... 40.1 41.2 41.2 40.4 39.8 39.5 39.6 39.8 39.9 40.0 37.08 42.0 31.7 10.3 Aug. 0... 54.2 55.2 56.7 57.2 57.0 56.4 55.3 53.5 53.0 52.6 49. 02 57.5 39.3 18.2 Aug. 7... 41.2 42.2 43.0 43.9 43.3 43.0 42.7 42.8 41.3 41.1 43.62 53.6 39.6 14.0 Aug. 8... 50.2 51.4 53.0 54.2 56.0 50.4 52.0 52.5 52.8 52.8 46.84 56.5 38.0 18.5 Aug. 9... 50.0 49.4 39.8 37.4 35.6 36.2 35.0 36.2 35.8 34.4 45. 56 52.9 33.2 19.7 Aug. 10... 50.4 51.5 52.5 52.8 54.3 55.2 55.3 54.4 54.7 53.3 43.91 56.1 31.4 24.7 Aug. 11... 54.2 54.2 54.0 55.4 56.0 56.8 56.7 56.0 57.7 55.8 53.01 58.1) 49.0. 9.9 Aug. 12... 37.4 36.4 36.1 36.4 36.2 35.5 35.1 34.5 34.8 35.8 42.52 58. 3 33.3 25.0 Aug. 13 . . . 30.5 31.0 30.8 31.4 31.5 31.4 32.2 31.9 32.1 32.1 32.09 35.9 29.0 6.9 Aug. 14... 34.0 34.6 34.0 34.7 35.4 36.4 30.1 35.5 30.0 35.4 32.93 37.3 29.0 8.3 Aug. 15... 36.1 37.4 37.2 37.2 36.9 36.6 35.4 35.2 35.1 34.2 34.04 37.9 31.5 6.4 Aug. 16... 34.6 34.9 36.2 35.6 35.2 34.8 34.7 34.7 34.4 34.3 33.54 30.9 30.7 6.2 Aug. 17 . . . 33.9 34.4 33.8 34.6 34.4 35.2 34.9 34.8 34.0 34.3 33.24 30.1 30.7 5.4 Aug. 18... 35.4 36.4 36.2 36.0 36.4 35.9 31.9 35.0 35.0 35.0 33.80 37.7 30.8 6.9 Aug. 19 . . - 39.3 39.8 40.1 41.1 40.3 40.0 40.4 40.3 40.4 39.1 3G. 05 42.0 29.0 13.0 Aug. 20 . . . 39.1 40.3 40.9 41.2 41.0 40.9 40.5 39.4 40.0 38.9 38.10 42.1 34.8 7.3 Aug.21... 34.4 34.9 38.8 34.0 34.7 34.0 34.4 33.8 34.4 34.0 35. 2S 40.1 32.3 7.8 Aug. 22... 36.6 37.5 37.0 3G.9 37.2 37.6 37.1 36.5 35.2 35. 4 35. 42 38.2 31.2 7.0 Aug. 23... 35.8 36.2 36.4 36.5 36.7 37.1 36.9 36.6 30.2 34.5 35. 55 37.7 33.5 4.2 Aug. 24... 33.5 33.6 34.0 £4.1 34.6 34.7 34.8 34.0 34.2 33.3 32.89 35.9 29.7 6.2 Aug. 25 . . . 32.9 33.3 33.5 33.8 33.9 34.0 34.0 33.9 34.0 33.7 3G. IS 34.0 31.0 3.0 Aug. 26... 33.5 32.5 33.6 34.7 35.4 35.8 35.6 35.2 34.0 33. 5 33. 63 30.2 30.9 5.3 Aug. 27 . . . 31.5 31.7 30.6 30.3 29.2 30.1 29.8 29.7 29.0 29.6 29.88 35.5 20.6 8.9 Aug. 28 . . . 31.0 30.9 32.0 32.0 31.8 31.3 31.0 31.5 30.5 29.6 29. 75 34.0 31.0 3.9 Aug. 29... 32.6 33.0 33.3 33.5 33.3 33.3 34.0 34.1 33.0 31.9 31.02 35.0 27.3 7.7 Aug. 30... 32.2 32.1 32.3 33.0 33.5 33.5 33.9 33.0 32.3 31.3 31.61 35.7 28.5 7.2 Aug. 31... 33.0 33.7 34.0 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.9 33.08 30.1 29.9 0.2 Means .. 38.98 30.31 39.20 39.18 39.08 39.01 38.75 38.57 38.48 38.07 37.86 43.75 32.93 10.82 238 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Table showing the temperature of Hie air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of t!io thermometer above the surface of tho earth, 4 feet. A7aabington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. 6 a. m. 7 a. m. 8 a, m. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a, m. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p.m. 18S2. Sei>t. 1... 33.5 34.4 33.5 33.5 32.3 32.3 31.3 30.5 30.1 30.0 29.9 29.9 30.1 30.8 Sept. 2... 30.3 30.1 29.5 30.2 30.5 30.5 30.5 29. G 29.3 29.4 29.1 28.5 28.9 30.5 Sept. 3... 36.2 35.5 35.2 34.9 34.2 33.5 33.7 33. 3 33.0 33.4 33.5 33.5 35.0 3G.9 Sept. 4... 35. 5 34.5 33.9 33.1 33.5 33.0 32.5 32.7 33.1 33.4 35. 4 35.6 37.0 39.5 Sept. 5... 40.4 37.9 37. G 30.4 35.4 34.4 33.9 33.3 33.3 J 33.3 33.2 35.0 36.9 39.1 Sept, (i .. 33, 2 32.3 31.3 31.3 31.0 30.1 29.8 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.3 32.3 32.4 33.1 Sept, 7... 29.8 30.5 31.3 31.7 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.3 33.3 33.0 33. 33.0 32.9 33.2 Sept, 8 .. 31.3 30.3 29.6 29.4 30.1 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.3 30.3 29.6 29.5 29.6 29.2 Sept. 9... 29 2 29.0 28.5 28.3 28. 1 29.4 2G.4 25. G 25. 1 25.0 24.8 25.4 25.5 25.4 Sept, 10... 27.8 28. 3 28.0 28.6 28.0 28.8 28.8 28.0 28.1 28.4 28.5 •29.1 29.4 30.2 Sept, 11... 30. 4 30.3 30.2 30.1 29. G 29.8 29.0 29.6 29. G 29.3 29.3 29. 5 30.3 31.3 Sept. 12... 30.3 30.3 31.1 30.5 30.9 31.3 31.3 31.1 31.0 30.5 30.5 30.7 31.1 31.2 Sept, 13... 31. 9 31.7 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.5 32. i 32.3 32.0 31.5 31.0 31.0 31.5 31.7 Sopt. 14... 32. 1 .32.3 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.3 32.3 31.7 31.8 3L3 31.8 32.3 33.1 Sept, 15... 28.1 20.1 20.3 27.6 29.1 28.0 26.0 28.3 26.6 27.0 26.8 27.9 28.1 32.4 Sept. 1C... aai 30.3 30.0 29.6 29.6 29.0 29.4 29.6 29.6 30.1 30. 3 31.0 31.8 32.3 Sept. 17... 29.7 29.4 29.3 29.4 29. 6 29.8 30.4 30. 5 31.3 31.3 32.2 32.0 32. 3 Sept IS... 31. S 32. 2 32. 4 32.4 32.5 32. 5 32.0 31.5 31.3 31.2 30.5 32.3 32.4 32.5 Sept. 19... 32. 1 32. 3 ,..> o 32.0 31.5 31.5 31. G 31.3 31.3 31.3 31.3 31.6 31.8 31.9 Sept. 20... 30. 5 31. 2 30.5 29.4 27.8 27. 6. 27.4 20.0 28.4 2fi.l 25. G 25.8 25.7 26.4 Sept. 21... 29.4 29.2 30. 1 30.2 30.2 30.1 30.1 29.8 29.4 29.4 29.4 29.4 29.2 29. 2 Sept. 22... _'-'. '_' 2S.4 23.4 28.4 28.4 28.4 28.3 2a 1 28.0 27.4 27. 2 27.0 27.4 27.5 Sept, 23... 25. 25.2 25. G 25.9 25.5 23.4 25.1 25. G 23.6 20.4 26.4 27. G 27.9 28.1 Sept. 24 . . . 27.4 27.1 26.6 25.8 25.6 25.2 25.2 25.4 25.2 2P.-0 24.7 21.9 24.7 24.5 Sept, 25 . . . 25. (i 27.0 20. 9 27.4 27.7 27.6 26.8 26.1 25.7 25.8 24.7 25.4 25.8 20.5 Sept. 26... 25. K 20.4 25.3 22.7 23. G 21.7 22.9 24.5 25.5 25.- 4 25.7 26.0 27.2 28.0 Sept, 27... §3.1 31.0 31.0 31.7 31.6 31.0 30.5 31.0 31.2 31.5 31.4 31.8 32.6 33.0 Sept. 28... 35. 7 35. 35.5 35. 5 34.9 35.3 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.1 35.1 34.2 34.0 34.1 Sept, 29... 35. 4 34. 5 34.2 33.6 33.3 33. 33.0 33.0 34.2 35.4 35.5 35.3 35.0 35. Sept. 39 .. 35.4 33.9 32.3 31.7 31.5 32.3 33.0 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.7 34.0 34.2 34.1 Means .. 31. 1G 30. 94 30.74 30. 54 30.46 30.35 30.05 30.02 29.94 30.00 29.87 30. 39 30.70 3i:45 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. p. m. 7 p. in. 8 p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 1). m. 12 p. 1.1. Daily means. Max. Min. Diff. 188S. Sept. 1... 30. 7 30.8 30.8 31.5 31. C 31.4 31.5 31.5 31.3 31.3 31.44 38.4 28.4 10.0 Sept. 2 . . . 31.6 33. 5 34.2 35.4 36. G 38.1 39.2 39.3 40.1 38.7 32.67 40.4 27.1 13.3 Sept, '.',... 38.0 39.1 39.1 42.5 42.5 -43.7 43.2 43.2 41.2 38.5 37r20 44. 6 31.7 12.9 Sept. 4 .. 42.0 43.4 43.2 40.5 47.2 48.7 49.4 50.6 47.6 49.3 39.69 51.3 30.7 20.6 Sept, 5... 41.8 42.7 43.0 42.9 43.7 41.8 41.0 39.9 •39.2 36.7 38.03 48.4 31.7 10.7 Sept. G... 33. 2 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.0 32.5 32.2 32.0 30.5 30.3 31.71 41.1 28.3 12.8 Sept. 7... 33.0 34.2 34.2 34.2 33.9 33.5 33.5 32.3 32.0 32.0 32. G8 36.9 28.4 8.5 Sept. S... Sept. 9... Sopt. 10... 27.8 27.7 28.0 27.1 26.4 26.0 27.4 28.4 28.0 28.7 29.01 38.6 24.4 14.2 25.5 25. G 26.9 27.8 2S.4 28. G 28.0 29.1 28, 6 28.0 27.20 33.3 24.4 8.9 30.4 30. 8 31.2 31.5 31.5 32.3 32.5 32.4 31.7 3L4 29.90 34.4 20.4 8.0 Sept. 1.1... 31.3 31. G 31.3 31.7 32. 32. 32.0 31.9 31.0 30.3 30.58 35.7 27.5 8.2 Sept. 12... 31. 3 31.5 31.5 31.9 32.5 32.0 33.0 32.9 31.7 32.7 31.37 36.5 29.1 7.4 Sept. IS... 32. 32. 1 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.0 31.9 31.7 31.8 31.7 31.95 34.6 29.5 5.1 Sei.t. 14'... 34 9 34. 4 34.9 34.4 34.2 34.2 33.5 32.5 31.3 29.5 32.70 30.8 28.0 2.8 Sept. 15-.. 33.1 34.0 34.2 35.2 35.1 35.0 34.9 33.5 32.5 30.9 30.33 35.9 24.1 11.8 Sept, 16... 32.7 33.5 32.5 32.0 33.0 31.3 31.1 31.3 30.9 30.3 30. 92 35.9 27.6 8.3 Sept. 17... 32.8 33.1 33.4 33.5 33.5 33.0 33.3 33.4 32.7 32.6 31.01 35.0 27.7 7.3 Sep!, 13... 33.0 33.2 33.5 33.7 33. 5 33.3 33.1 32.9 32.3 32.1 32.42 35.6 29.7 5.9 Sopt. 19... 32. 32. 2 32.4 31.5 30.7 31.1 31.7 31.5 30.7 30.5 31.58 36.9 29.2 7.7 Sept. 20... 2G.fi 26.9 28.1 29.4 30.3 30.3 30.6 30.3 29.9 29.5 28.29 34.8 24.1 10.7 Sept. 21... 29.3 29. 4 29.4 29.4 29.4 29.0 28.6 28.5 28.3 28.1 29.35 35.5 26.7 8.8 Sept. 22... 27.4 27.3 27.4 27.6 27.0 27.4 27.3 27.3 20.2 25.4 27.01 33.2 24.1 9.1 Sept. 23... 28.5 29.2 30.1 31.3 30.7 29.9 29.4 23.9 28.4 28.0 27.49 33.5 23.8 9.7 Sept. 21... 24.fi 25. 9 27. G 27.9 27.6 27.4 26.3 25.7 25.0 25.0 25. 85 33.7 22.8 10.9 Sept. 25 . . . 20.4 20. 3 27.8 28.4 28. G 28.8 28.6 23.6 28.4 20.2 20.96 31.6 23.1 8.5 Sept. 20 . . SO 6 82.1 33.5 33.0 32. 5 32.5 32.6 31.9 31.7 31.9 28.08 36.5 19.5 17.0 Sept. 27... 3S.6 31.6 30.2 36.4 3G.9 37.2 36.7 80.6 36.2 35.7 33.45 37.8 29.3 8.5 Sept. 23... Si. 2 30.7 38.2 37.2 37.8 39.1 39.3 37.5 36.5 35.9 35.82 42.3 32.8 9.5 Sept. 29... 35.2 35. 3 35. 4 35.6 35.6 35.0 30.3 35.9 35.7 35.6 34.88 41.3 31.8 9.5 Sept, 30... SS.O 33. 2* 32.5 32.5 32.3 32.3 32.3 32,5 32.5 32.8 33.03 38.3 31.2 7.1 Mea«s . . §193 32. 45 32. 94 33. 23 33.31 33.34 33.87 33.15 32. 40 31. 99 31.40 37.43 27.44 9 99 • Interpolated. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 239 Tahlr nhouiiafj fJie temperature of the air at Uglaamiefrom October, 1881 , to August, 1883 — Continued. [Uuinlii of ttto'tHermouietiT above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to moan local-time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] D.-tc. 1 a.m. '2 a. m. 3 :i. in. 4 a. in , 5 a. m. (i a. in. 7 a. in. S a. in. 9 a. ni. 10 a. in. 1! a. m. 12 in. 1 p.m. 2 p. m. 1882. Oct I.... 32. 9 32. 6 32. 7 32.0 33. 2 33. 8 33. 34. 35.0 3,4. 6 34.8 35.1 35.5 Oct. '-■ ... ■;T ■> 37.5 37. 9 37. 5 37. 4 38.5 38.4 37.0 37.2 37. 4 37. 36.8 37.1 37.4 Oct. :: ... si a 31.4 30. 3 30. 3 30. 1 29. 6 29.4 28.7 27.9 •J 7. 5 20. !) 20.4 26.1 20. 3 Oct. 4 .... 25 t; 25. (i 25. 3 25. 1 25. 1 25. 1 24. 9 24.7 24. 4 24.2 23. 7 23. 4 22. 9 23. Oct. 5.... 22. 5 21.8 20. 19, ■ 20. 19.0 19.0 19.8 19.2 19.0 20. 1 20.4 20. 5 20.6 Oct. 0.... 20. 3 20. 2 20. 3 20. II 20.0 20.1 19.7 19. G 19.0 19.5 19.5 19.1 18.8 18.7 Oct. 7... 18. ti 18.0 18.7 18.7 18.7 19.0 19.3 19.0 19.4 ] 9. 3 19.3 19.4 19.0 19.8 Oct. 8 18. C 18.4 18.4 18.5 17.8 17.2 16.8 1G.G 10.3 10. 1 10.5 16.5 10.3 10. 5 Oct !).... 15.0 15.0 15.4 15.2 15.0 15.1. 15.2 15.3 15.4 14.9 14.8 14.7 14.7 14.8 Oct 10 ... 13.7 13.9 14.4 13.5 12.4 12.1 12.1 10.3 9.8 9.1 8.5 9.1 G.4 0.9 Oct. u... 8.4 0. t 8.1 7.8 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 7.0 0.7 7.2 8. 3 8.5 8. 4 Oct. 12.... B. 2 0.2 0.9 7. 7 8.0 8.7 9.1 8.8 9.0 0.1 5.3 3.7 4.5 4.7 Oct 13 ... C. 3 4.2 4.2 5.8 5. 2 5.0 5.1 4.4 3.4 0.6 — (I. 5 — 1.1 - 1.9 — 1.5 Oct It... 4.4 3. 5 3.9 3. 1 2.5 3.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 0.4 — 0.9 3.0 3.4 5. 5 Oct. if. ... 3.2 3. 2 2.7 2.0 3.0 2.7 1.8 1.2 0.2 1.0 9.7 0.G 0.5 2. 1 Oct. It) 2. 2 — 2.4 1.2 3. G. 6. 5 0.7 5.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.4 1.0 0.4 Oct. 17.... :.'. 2 3. 2.4 1.7 1.0 1.4 3.4 2. 5 2. 3 I.G 1.0 1.6 — 0.7 0.4 Oct. 18 ... 3.1 3.4 4.3 4.9 5.3 5. 7 5. ■! 5.3 5.0 5. 4.9 5.1 0.0 0.7 Oct in ... 5,1 5.8 0.7 6.1 6. 5.7 5.4 4.8 4.9 5. (' 5. 4.2 3.4 3.. 1 Oct 20.... 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.9 5.1 5.9 3.4 3. 5 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.2 4 2 Oct. 21.... 2.11 2.0 3.4 2.0 2.1 n.l — 1.4 — 2. 1 - 2.1 - 2. 3 o_ »J — 0. 5 - 1.0 — 1. 1 Oct. 22 ... 4.2 5.8 5.4 5.3 5.5 0.0 G.2 0.2 0.0 4.5 ~\. 2 2.9 2.4 1.4 Oct 23 ... 9.0 7.!) — 7.8 — 0. - G.2 — G.O — 5.3 - 4.2 - 4. 5 r o ,-, ■_■ — 4. 5 - 4.2 — 0.0 Oct.. 24.... 0. 5 1). G 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 — 0. 4 - 0.0 ■ — 0. 5 Oct. 25... 2.1 2. 1 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.2 2. 5 2. 5 2. G 2.7 2.5 2. G Oct. 2ii.... 3. 2 2.9 2. 3 1.1 — 0.1 — 1.2 — 1.9 - 1.7 — 2.5 — 2.9 — 3.4 - 3.9 — 3. 2 — 3.0 Oct. 27.... — 4. 5 — 0.1 — 0.9 — 7.1 — 7.2 — 7. 5 — 8.0 — 9.3 — 9.3 — 9.1 — 8.4 - 8.5 — 8.5 — 8. 5 Oct. 28 ... —11.0 —14.7 —10.4 — 8.2 7 7 — 5. 8 — 4. 5 — 4.4 — 4.2 — 3.9 — 2.1 — 1.2 — 1.1 — 0.7 Oct. 29.... — 5. ,J — 4.0 — 7.2 — 9.6 — a o —13. 2 —14.9 —10.7 — 17.3 —17.3 —10.2 —14.8 —1.4. 7 —14.0 Oct. 30 ... — 0.2 1.4 2.9 3.3 G.O 8.1 8.7 7.7 1.4 — 1.4 — 3.1 — 1.0 0.4 .- '1 Oct,31.._. 16'. 17.2 10.9 10.9 17.3 17.0 17.4 15.8 14.4 13.9 14.5 15.3 19.0 is! 8 HciUH ..! 9. .31 0.39 9.05 9.05 9.07 9.04 8.90 S.49 S.05 7. CG 7.19 7.71 7.71 6.17 Date. S }>• m. 4 p. m. 5 p.m. (i p.m. 7 p. ni. Sp.m. p. ill. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. liaijy Means. Max. Min. Diff. 1S82. Oct. !.... 35. G 37.2 36.9 37.0 37.2 37.2 38.7 37.8 30.5 36.1 35.19 39.5 31. G 7.9 Oct. 2 ...' ST. 7 37.9 37.9 38.1 38.1 37.9 37. 6 36.9 36.5 32.5 37. 33 40.7 31.0 9. 1 Oct. :; ... 26.0 20. 7 26.0 26.4 26.3 26.3 26.6 26.3 26.2 26.2 27.77 37.3 24.4 12.9 Oct. 4 ... 23. 2 23.4 23.5 23.5 23.4 23.2 23.4 23.3 23.0 22.9 24.00 31.8 21.4 10.4 Oct. 5....| 20. 8 20.5 20.7 20.7 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.3 20.3 20.3 20. 39 29.0 17.8 11.2 Oct. t; ...1 18.6 18.0 19.1 19.1 18. 6 18.6 18. 9 18.9 18.9 18.8 19.35 26.2 17.1 9.1 Oct. 7...J 20.3 20. 5 20.5 20.9 21.0 20.7 19.5 19.0 18.1 18.5 19.46 23.0 1G. 8 0.2 Oct 8 : 10. 7 1G.7 10.7 10.8 1G.9 10.8 1G.9 1G.7 16. 15.8 1&94 25. 2 14 5 10.7 Oct; '■> 14.8 14.9 15.5 15.5 15.2 14.9 14.7 15.0 14.4 14.4 15.05 24 4 12.8 8.0 Oct. 10.... 7. 7 7.9 9.1 9.7 10.0 9.9 9.7 9.2 8.9 8.8 10.13 20.8 5.3 15. 5 Oct. 11.... 0.5 5.7 5.5 5.7 5. 7 5.3 5.7 5. 7 5.8 G.O 0.80 10.2 3.2 7.0 Oct. 12....: 4.5 5.6 7.0 7.0 5.1 4.2 3.4 3.1 5.3 G.O G. 00 11.4 0.8 10.0 Oct. 13..'..] — 2.0 — 0.5 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.4 4.4 3.8 3.8 4.5 2.97 14 4 — 4.2 18.0 Oct. 14....! 7.8 8.9 10.0 9.5 7.0 6.8 0.2 5.3 5.3 G.O 4.55 9.8 — 0. 8 10.0 Oct. IS.. .J 3.3 4.0 3.4 3.2 2.5 1.8 — 0.7 — 3.0 — 0.7 — 0.2 1. Go 12.2 5 j 17.5 Oct. it;....! 2.1 43 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.8 7.2 7.0 5.8 4.3 3.78 11.4 — 4^6 10.0 Oct. 17....! ; 2.4 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.3 1.8 2.8 2.0 2.5 4.8 2.15 12.7 — 3.5 16.2 Oct 18 ... 0.4 0.3 0.4 5.7 5.1 4.0 4.8 5.0 5.0 5. 2 5. 23 G.O 1.4 5.5 Oct. 19... J 3.0 3.0 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.9 5 4.5 5.00 6.7 1. 5.1 Oct.. 20.... 4.3 4.5 5.1 6.2 7.0 G.7 5.7 4.7 3.0 3.9 4.65 7.0 1.5 5. 5 Oct.. 21.... 1 — 0.0 0.4 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.1 0.3 2.5 2. 2 3.1 0.08 4.9 — 4.9 9.8 Oct. 2» ...] 8.4 — 0.3 — 1.0 — 3.2 — G.O — 7.5 — 5.3 — G.7 — 7.5 — 7.9 0.89 8.3 —10.0 18.3 Oct. 23 . . .] — 2.1 — 5.7 — G.O — 6.7 - 0.9 '— 2.5 — 2.7 — 1.0 — 0.3 0.2 — 3.24 — 0.2 12. 2 12.0 Oct. 24 . . . . 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.9 i!o 1.5 1.7 2.0 0.03 2.0 — 2^4 4.4 g.O 3. 3 3.0 3.9 3.7 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.60 3.5 0.0 3.5 Oct. 2S..-.J Oct. »<7..-. — 2.0 — 2. 3 — 2.4 — 1.9 — 1.7 — 1.7 — 1.1 — 1.3 — 1. 5 — 1.9 — 1. 30 3.0 — 6.1 9.1 — 8.0 — 8.2 — 7. 7 — 9.3 —10.6 —10.5 —13.1 —14.7 —14.8 —15. 2 — 9.21 — 0.7 —19.1 18.4 Oct. 28.-..! — 0. 3 -0.2 — 0.5 — 0.3 — 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.4 o o — 5.3 — 3. 76 2. 2 —19.3 21. 5 Oct. 20... J — 11. « — 9.5 -0.1 — 5. 3 — 4.1 — 3. 2 — 3.0 — 1.7 — 4 3 — 0.9 — 9.28 — 4 3 -21.8 20. 5 Oct. 31)...? 10.8 14.4 1 0. 2 20.1 19.8 19.1 17.0 10.8 18.2 19.2 8.09 20.4 — 5.6 20. Oct. »i...? i Meaaa . .' < 18.6 18.0 17.0 10.6 10.3 15.8 15. 1 14.8 14. 5 14.0 iS, 46 21.5 12.5 0.0 3. 61 9.03 9.(55 9. G4 9.30 9.29 9. 10 S. 92 8.79 8.07 8.77 14.88 .1.05 11.83 240 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. Tabic showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of the therroemeter above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. J Date. 1 a.m. 2 a.m. 3 a.m. 4 a.m. 5 a. in. 6 a.m. 7 a.m. S a.m. a.m. 10 a. m. 11 a.m. 12 m. 1 p.m. 2 p. m. ' * 1882. Nov. 1 ... 13.7 12.1 12.8 13.1 11.8 8.7 8.0 11.0 12.0 11.5 9.8 G.2 5.9 5.7 Nov. 2... — 2.9 3.0 5.4 5.1 7.4 S.O 7.7 7.3 7.3 7. 2 5.9 1.6 — 1.2 — 4.8 Nov. 3 ... — CO — 4.3 — 4.2 — 4.0 — 2.2 — 1.8 — 1.4 — 3.0 — 3.9 — 4^0 — 4.9 — 5.0 — 4.9 — 4.8 Nov. 4 ... — 2.4 — 3.4 — 3.8 — 3.0 — 2.5 — 2.3 — 2.5 — 3.0 — 4.3 — CO — 5.0 — 5.9 — 6.1 — 4.9 Nov. 5 ... — 5.0 — 5.2 — 5.6 — 5.2 — 4.5 — 5.4 — 5.0 — 5.3 — 5.1 — 4.4 — 4.0 - 3.8 — 4.9 — 5.3 Nov. . . . — 3.1 — 3.8 — 4.0 — 4.9 — 5.8 — 7.1 — 8.2 — 8.0 — 8.G — S.7 — 7.5 — 7.8 — 7.1 — 7.4 Nov. 7 ... — 4.0 — 3.8 — 3.8 — 3.0 — 3.4 — 3.2 — 5.1 — 3.8 — 4.0 — 4.9 — 0.0 — 6.8 — 7. 5 — 7.9 Nov. 8 ... — 7.C — 7.4 — 6.6 — 5.4 — 4.9 — 4.2 — 1.9 — 0.2 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.1 -0.5 Nov. 9 ... 1.2 1.6 1.2 0.4 2.1 3.4 4.0 5.7 8.9 9.9 11.0' 12.0 13.0 13.8 Nov. 10 ... 28.0 27.9 26.4 26.6 26.4 20.0 20.7 20.3 25.8 27.4 24.5 22.4 19.0 14.2 Nov. 11 ... C.6 5.9 5.1 5.5 0.3 6.8 0.2 5.1 4.4 2.9 1.4 — 0.5 — 1.2 — 2.0 Nov. 12 ... —12.6 —13.9 —14.7 —16.7 —17.7 —18.7 —20.1 -21.0 -21.0 —21.2 —21.0 —21.2 —21.4 —21.1 Nov. 13 ... —25.3 —24.9 —25.8 —25.9 —26.1 —25. 9 , 05. 2 -25.7 — 25. S —24.8 —'24.0 —24.2 —24.3 —24.6 Nov. 14 ... — 24. C —24.8 —25.2 —24.7 —25.9 —25. 8 — 2o!o -27.2 —28.6 —28. 3 —29.8 —29.2 —29.5 -29.1 Nov. 15... —30.5 —30.0 —30.3 —29. 5 —30.0 —29.1 —28.9 -27.1 —25.9 —20. 5 —20. — 24. G —23.0 22.1 Nov. 16... —18.9 —18.6 —18.8 —19.9 —18.7 —18.4 —18.6 -19.4 —18.5 —19.1 —18.5 —18.4 —18.3 — is! 5 Nov. 17 ... —12.5 —13.0 —12.1 —12.0 —11.2 —10.2 — 9.0 — 8.9 — 8.5 — 9. 3 — 7.9 — 9.3 — 9.5 — 8.2 Nov. 18 ... — 5.4 — 6.0 — 7.3 — 6.3 — 0.3 — 7.0 — 7.9 — 8.8 — 9.1 — 8.5 — 7.8 — 8.4 — 9.2 — 9.5 Nov. 19 ... —10.4 — 9.7 —10.0 — 9.7 —10.0 —10.0 — 9.8 — 9.9 —10.2 — 9.7 — 8.G — 7.5 — 7.0 — 7.7 Nov. 20 ... — 5.1 — 6.5 — 7.9 — 8.6 — 8.2 — 8.4 — 8.8 — 8.7 — 8.7 — 9.0 — 6.7 — 4.2 — 3.1 -2.5 Nov. 21... — 6.6 — 5.2 — 4.2 — 4.9 — 4.9 — 4.7 — 4.0 — 2.3 22 — 2.4 — 2.4 — 2.5 -1.7 — 1.2 Nov. 22 ... 2.9 C.2 11.0 11.7 12.7 12.4 12.2 9.8 8.7 8.3 7. 5 G.7 5.1 3.6 Nov. 23 ... — 0.7 — 0.3 0.3 0.4 — 1.9 — 1.7 — 0.7 — 1.7 — 2.5 — 3.1 — 3.1 — 3.1 — 3.2 — 3.3 Nov. 24 ... — 8.6 — 8.8 — 0.7 — 4.0 — 3.8 — 3.2 — 3.2 — 4.0 — 6.2 — CO — 6.8 — 8.8 —10.8 —10.9 Nov. 25 ... — 1.6 — 4.3 — 7.0 — 9.2 —10.0 —11.7 —12. 1 —12.3 —12. G —13.0 —12.8 —12.1 —12. —12.0 Nov. 28 ... —11.4 —14.7 —16.7 —18.8 —19.3 —18.5 —19.2 —18.6 —17.5 —18.1 —18.4 —18.4 —18.5 —18.2 Nov. 27 ... — 9.5 — 7.9 — 6. G — C. 9 — 7.3 — 7.5 — 7.8 — 9.3 -10.0 —11.8 —12.1 —11.7 —11.3 —11.0 Nov. 28 ... —12.8 —14.5 —13.3 —11.7 —11.5 —11.3 —10.6 —10.2 —10.0 — 8.9 — 7.7 — 7.6 — 8.9 — 9.5 iNov.29 ... —10.5 —10.6 —10.2 — 9.7 —10.2 —10.4 —10.5 —11.5 —11.5 —11.0 —11.5 — 9.5 -9.1 -- 9.4 Nov. 30 ... — 7.5 — 7.1 — 6.6 — 0.3 — 6.9 — 7.5 — 7.1 — 5.8 — G. — 7.0 — 6.7 — 4.6 — 3.6 — 3.3 Means .- — 6.42 — 6.38 — 6.31 — 6.27 — 0.24 — 6.27 — 0.36 — 0.37 — G.42 — 0.00 — C.G6 — 6.85 — 7.16 —•7.41 Date. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p. m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. i) p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p.m. Daily means. Mas. Min. Diff. 1882. Nov. 1 ... 3.4 — 0.6 — 2.1 — 3.2 — 2.0 — 1.7 8.0 5.1 2.5 — 1.2 0.25 15.4 — 6.5 21.9 Nov. 2... — 5.8 — 5.2 — 5.2 — 3.8 — 4.9 — 5.2 — 0.2 — 6.S — 7.0 — 7.1 0.02 7.7 — 9.8 17.5 Nov. 3 ... — 4.8 — 4.5 — 3.0 — 3.2 — 2.1 — 1.9 — 1.0 — 1.4 ■*■ 2.1 — 3.0 — 3.39 — 0.0 — 9.2 8.0 Nov. 4 . . . — 3.9 — 3.2 — 3.2 — 4.9 — 5.3 — 5.3 — 5.0 — 4.8 — 4.2 — 4.9 — 4.18 — 1.6 — 9.7 8.1 Nov. 5 ... — 5.3 — 5.2 — 5.1 — 5.1 — 4.9 — 4.7 — 4.2 — 4.7 — 4.0 — 4.1 — 4.88 — 4.0 — 8.7 4.7 Nov. ... — 7.4 — 6.9 — 6.9 -6.7 — 7.3 — 7.2 — 0.3 — 5.3 — 4.4 — 4.2 — 6.47 — 3.2 —11.7 8.5 Nov. 7 ... — 9.5 — 9.7 — 8.9 — 8.7 —11.2 — 8.9 — 8.0 — 8.0 — 8.2 — 7. G — 6.58 — 4.2 —13.3 9.1 Nov. 8 ... — 1.7 — 1.9 — 1.6 — 0.5 0.1 0.8 1.1 2.0 2.5 2.7 — 1.32 2.8 —10.6 13.4 Nov. 9... 14.9 14.7 14.7 15.3 16.6 18.0 19.7 21.1 23.5 25. 11.35 25.5 — 1.2 26.7 Nov. 10 . . . 12.7 11.1 11.0 9.9 9.5 8.9 8.8 8.7 7.3 0.8 18.48 28.8 5.8 23.0 Nov. 11 . . . — 2.8 — 4.2 — 5.8 -6.9 — 7.9 — 7.9 — 8.0 — 9. 7 —10.2 —10.9 — 0.93 10.5 —14.2 24.7 Nov. 12 ... —21.0 —21.0 —20.8 —22.5 —23. 1 —23.8 —22.9 —23.0 —23.0 —22.8 —20. 26 —10.4 —27. 5 17.1 Nov. 13 ... —25.4 —25.6 —23.8 —24.7 —24.7 —23.8 —24.3 —24.0 —24.7 —24.7 —24. 98 —21.2 —31.1 9.9 Nov. 14 ... —29.0 —29.1 —29.1 —23.0 —28. 7 —29.6 —30.7 —30.0 —30.5 —29.4 —23.12 —23. 5 —35.5 12.0 Nov. 15 . . . —21.0 —21.1 —19. —19.9 —20.3 —20.8 21. 2 —19.7 —19.4 —18.4 —24. 40 —19.4 —35. 2 15.8 Nov. 10 ... —18.4 -17.3 —17.8 —17.3 —14.0 —12.8 —11.7 -11.7 —12.5 —12. 1 —17. 03 —12. 2 —24.0 11.8 Nov. 17 ... — 7.9 — 7.9 — 7.9 — 8.2 — 8.2 — 8.4 — 8.3 — 8.4 — 8.4 — 7.3 — 9.30 — 7.5 —16. 5 9.0 Nov. 18 . . . —10.2 —10.0 — 9.8 —10.2 -10.4 —10.0 —10.0 —10.2 —11.1 —10.8 — 8.7S — 5.5 —14.5 9.0 Nov. 19 ... — 8.4 — 9.0 — 9. 5 — 9.5 - 9.1 — 8.9 — 8.6 — 0.6 — 5.1 — 4.3 — 8.72 — 4.3 —14.2 9.9 Nov. 20 . . . — 2.2 — 2.4 — 3.2 — 3.0 — 3.2 — 5.1 — 5.7 — 0.1 - 0.9 — G. 5 — 5.8G — 2.2 —12. 9.8 Nov. 21 . . . — 1.4 — 1.8 — 3.2 — 3.0 — 3.0 — 2.8 — 1.7 — 1.2 0.0 2.3 — 2.G8 1.3 -9.5 10.8 Nov. 22 ... 3.9 4.3 2.4 1 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.2 — 0.4 — 1.2 5.50 12.8 — 4.8 17.6 Nov. 23 ... 3, 2 — 3.2 — 2.8 — 3.0 — 3.2 — 9.1 —11.8 —13.0 —13.3 —11.2 — 4.10 0.4 —18.4 18.8 Nov. 24 . . . — ll! 9 —14.3 —15.4 —16.2 —16.2 -16.5 —17.4 —15.7 — 4.0 — 1.0 — 9.21 — 1.5 —21. 5 20.0 Nov. 25 . . . — 11. 9 —11.8 —11.7 —11.4 -11.9 —11.9 —11.9 —11. 5 —11.4 —11.0 —10. S2 — 1.2 — 10. 15.4 Nov. 2G . . . — 17. C —16.5 —15.8 —15.6 —15.5 —14. 3 -13.8 —12.3 —11.5 —10.4 —10. 23 —10.2 —24.1 13.9 Nov. 27 ... —10.5 —10.8 —11.5 —10.4 —10.4 —11.3 —11.5 —12.1 -13.1 —12.7 —10. 21 — 7.3 —10.6 9.3 Nov. 28 ... — 9.3 — 9.0 — 9.5 — 9.1 — 9.1 — 8.8 — 8.5 — 9.1 —10.0 —10.5 —10. 00 — 8.0 —18.2 10.2 Nov. 29 . . . — 9.5 — 9. 6 — 9.5 — 9.1 — 9.1 — 8.9 — 7.7 — 0.9 — G.7 — G. G — 9.55 — 0.4 —14. 8 8.4 Nov. 30 . . . — 5.1 — 7.6 — 9.3 — 9.1 — 9.1 — 0.3 -10.4 — 8.6 — 8.1 — C.3 — 7.04 — 3.2 -12.8 9.6 Means . . — 7. 07 — 7.89 — 8. 13 — 8.20 - 8.28 — 8.30 — 7.99 — 7.85 — 7.48 — 7. 09 — 7.12 -1.75 -15. 23 13.48 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAPPOW. ALASKA. 2-11 Tabic showing Hie tcmpcratvrt of the air at T gJaamiefrom October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height ol'tlie Lbermouiete. abovi the surface oi ibccartli, 4 JV-it. Washington mean time. Coirection to lednci to mi an local time, — a 17 minutes ] ' Date. 1882. Due. 1.. Dec 3.. Dec. 4.. Dee. G.. Dec. :.. Dec-. 8.. Dec. 0.. Dec. 10.. Dec. 11.. Dec. 12 .- Dec. 13... Dec.14... Dee. i." ... Dee. 10... 1 a. in. 2 a. in. :> a. iii. ! a. ra. 5 a. m. (la.m. 7 a. in. 8 a.m. 9 a.m. 10 a. re. 11a.m. 12 m. I p.. m. 2 | -. Dee. 17... Dec. 18.. . Dee. 19... Dec. 20... Dec. 21... Dee. 22. . . Dec. 23... Dec. 24 .. Dec. 25... Dec. 20... Dec, 27... Dec 28... Dec. 29... Dec. 30... Dec. 31... — CO — 8. 9 — 3.4 —12. 1 —12.7 — 4.9 -21. 5 — 18. C —20. 5 —11.2 —16.4 —20.0 —14.1 —13.8 — 24.3 —18.fi —19.1 —23. 3 —19. 5 —15.7 —22. 8 —27. 2 — 25. S —32. -17. 5 -14.1 — 12. S 1.2 —31.6 21. 2 — 0.7 — 9.2 — 3.0 — 12. G —12.:; -12.1 -5.1 -21.5 — io.fi ; —20.0 —10. 8 — 17. G —10.0 —14.8 —Hi. 2 -24.9 —IS. 4 —19.4 —24. 5 -18.0 -1G.9 —23. 3 —27.7 — 2C. 7 -30. rr — 1G.9 — 14. G —14. 5 2.3 —.11.7 —21. Means ..I — 10. S2 ! —17.07 ! ! — 0.4 —10.2 — 2.4 —11.5 —12.4 —11.1 — C. 2 —21.9 -20. :: -20.8 - 9.5 -17.7 -18. 2 -16.0 -10. -18. i -20.3 -24. 8 -18.1 -10. G -23.2 -27.7 -27. -29. 9 -1G. 9 -14.7 -16.3 2. 5 -3l! 5 -21.0 — 5. 8 — 9.7 — 2.1 —12.8 — 12. S —111.2 — G. 7 —21.2 —20. 5 —20.9 — 8. n — 17.0 —17. :. —10. 4 —25. 1 —IS. 7 —22. —24.il —18.4 — 13. S —23. 1 —27.7 27. 2 — ^s —10.9 —14.9 — 15. G 3.2 —32, j —21.0 — t>. _i — 10. G — 2. 2 —13.2 —13.0 —10. —21.0 —21. 'J —20.8 — 7. 5 —17.9 —16.4 —17.8 —14.5 —25.7 -19.2 —23. 4 —23. 8 —19.7 —13.1 —22.9 — 27. S 27. 2 — ie! 5 —10. 9 -15.8 —15.9 2.8 —33. G — 20. S 5. 1 — ::. (i —12.11 2, :; -19. 9 —11.5 —12.11 —11.9 - 4. 5 — 6. a — 7. 7 — 8. 4 -13.0 —12.:; —11.0 —10.6 -13.6 —12.6 —13.2 —14.2 - 9. 7 — 9. 5 ' —10. — S. 4 —11 R — 7 9 — in j —14 5 — S —11.7 — 9.3 —10.4 — ! 1.7 — 5. G - S. 2 -20.1 -21.4 -2". 1 -7.0 -18.8 -15. 4 -18.3 -13.8 -19. S -23.1 -24. 3 -10. G -13.0 -22. 4 -27. 7 -28. -25. 1 -15.7 — 9.7 —19.0 —21.5 —19.8 — 7.1 —20. 8 —15. 2 —19.5 —13.8 —24. 7 — 19. 6 —17! 3 —13. -22. 1 —27. — 2S. S —24. —15. 4 -10.9 , — 1G. 9 -10.4 — 17. G 2. 5 — 7. 1 -:;!.«> -35.1 -20.0 —19.4 —10.5 —18.4 —2!.n —19.7 - 7.0 —20. 1 —15.0 —2'). 1 — 12. S —23. 7 jo. 2 —22.0 —22. 4 —19.0 —13.2 -27. 1 -28. G —2:;. 1 —15. 2 — 17. G -17. 7 —12.3 —32.9 —19.2 —11.0 —17. 3 —21.0 —19.4 — 7.9 - 21. 5 —15. 4 —21.9 —12.1 -24.5- —18.7 —23.2 —22. 1 —20. 4 —13.9 —24.') —27. 1 —28. 2 —22.4 -14.0 — is!.-. —14.!) —31.9 —19.1 — 2.3 —11.2 — 9.7 —10.5 —14. 8 — 4.7 -16. -17.05 —17.00 —17.39 —17.39 —17,56 —17.: —11.2 i" 2 -13. . —14.1 —13. 1 —11.8 —20. 1 —29. —is. 4 —19. 4 — 19. 1 —18.0 — 8.3 — 8. 5 — S. 9 —21.4 29 7 —21.9 —14.5 —14. 1 —14.1 -21.7 —2". 4 —211. :; —12.6 —14.11 —1."..:; -J. .0 — 21. S —19, —1 7. 5 — 1G.9 -18.7 -22. 6 o> - —23. n —20 -22.4 —21.1 -21.C -21.3 — 1 5. 5 — 10. G — 1G.8 i —2:;. 3 - -23. 1 — 22. G —20. G —25. 8 —20. 1 —28.7 —2.-. - —28. 2 —21.3 —20. 5 —1:1.7 —14.1 —13.8 —12. 5 —IP. 7 -17. G — 1G. 9 —IS. 9 -17.1 -18.0 —1 8. :; —20.4 —21.7 —31.0 —30. 6 —29. 5 —19. :; —18.9 —18. ; —17.37 — 17.5S —17.09 -11. - -10. 2 -14,2 - 3.7 -1 !, -11.5 -is. i -] 7. 9 - -23. 1 -I! -20. ■". -10. 1) -19. 1 -20.2 -. -23. 1 -21.2 -17.2 -2 ' -26 2 -28. G -19. 1 -12. : -m t -18.2 -22 -29. 1 -17. 5 - 3. -11. 8 ■10. 2 -11.2 -14 - 3 .; -15.4 -11.3 -18.8 -17.8 - 9. 3 -23 : -13.6 -19.5 -10.9 -19. 2 -19.2 -23. 4 -23 2 -21.0 -18.6 -23. G -2fi. O -28. 7 -1-. - -13.9 -17.0 -18.3 -27! 6 -17.4 Date. 3 p m. - i p. 1882. Dec. 1... Dec. 2... Dec. 3... Dee. 4... Dee. 5... Dec. 6... Dee. 7... Dec. 8... Dec. 9... Dec. 10... Dee. 11... Dec. 12. Dee. 1.; Dee. 14. Dec. 15. Dec. 1G. Dee. 17. Dec. 18. Dee. 19. Dee. 20. Dee. 21. -3.4 -11.2 -10.4 -11.0 -14.0 —16.5 —10.7 —IS. 9 —17.7 — 9. G —22.9 —13. G —18.3 —17.5 -19.4 —21.0 —23.7 —23. 6 —20.8 —19.4 Dee. 22... 31cc.23.-_ Dcc. 24 . . . Dec. 25... Dec. 26... De«. 27... Dec. 28... Dec. 29... Dec 33... Dec 31... . ' —23. 8 — : ! —28! 8 ■ -19.0 . -14.5 ! —13.7 — 1G.4 —22. 4 —26. 9 -17.1 _ -4.1 -10. G -10.5 -10.7 -13.5 -17. 5 -10.7 -19.7 -17.3 -11.7 -22. 9 -13. 5 -17.3 -18. 7 -19.8 -20.9 -24.7 -23.8 -20. 1 -19.1 24.3 23.8 -29.5 -19.2 -14. 8 -13.1 -13. 6 -22. -2G.0 -13.5 a p. m. (i p. hi. 1 p. 111. I p. ra. !l p. in. ? 10 p. .... 11 p. m. 12 p. m. j £*£? Mux. Min. ^4.3 —10.4 —10.5 —10.4 —15.0 — 3.0 -19.2 —10.4 —19.9 —14. 8 —12.1 —23. 1 —13.4 —34.3 —18.7 —19.7 —19.5 —24.7 —23. 8 —18.7 —IS. 2 -24. 9 —23.1 —30.5 —18.8 —14.3 —10.8 — 11.7 —22. 9 —25.5 —12.0 — 5.3 —10.2 —10.8 —10.4 — 15. 5 — 3.2 —20.1 —10.0 —20. 1 — 14. —14.0 -23.1 —13.fi —13. 9 —18.8 —19.5 -18.2 —24. 9 —24.2 —10. 1 —38.0 -0.9 -9.3 -10.9 -9.1 -14.7 - 2.5 -20. 1 -9.7 -20.3 -14.5 -14.8 -21.9 -13.fi -15. 6 -21.0 -18.4 -17.7 -24. 9 -21. 2 -14] 8 -19.2 25.9 —20.2 -23. 1 —23. G -32.7 —33. 2 19.2 —19.2 -13.8 -12.4 — 9. 4 — (j. 9.7 9.4 -23. 2 -25. -12.8 10.4 6.7 24.0 24. 5 13.0 —20. 22. 7 — 33. G —19.2 -32.2 —11.0 — 5.3 —24. 1 —24. 1 — 13.0 27.0 23. G -34.5 -39.0 -32.9 -31.1 - 3. G -24.1 -23. 5 -13.7 -21.7 -14.0 -20.4 -34.7 -30.1 -22. 5 -34.1 -13.2 -24.5 -17.9 -19.fi -25. 2 -13.4 -10.4 -21. « -27.1 -24.4 -34. 7 -18. -12.8 -12.1 -1.8 -25.3 -23.3 -13.3 - 5.1 — 5. 3 12.4 —12.fi 10.2 —10.4 13.1 —13. 2 ■ 3.5 — 4.1 7. 7 — 7. 1 — 8. 3 —10. 5 -7.5 -12.2 —12.5 - 8. 9 — 9. 7 -14.3 —13.3 - 1. 9 — 2. G -20.8 ! —21.fi -10. 5 —32. 3 -20.5 —20.4 -14. 7 ; —14. 8 -13. 2 —1.5. -21.3 —20.5 -13.6 ; —13.2 -15.4 —13.8 _92. 1 ' 24. 2 -18.4 —18.6 -17.5 —IS.fi -24.7 , —24.9 -22. 4 —23. 1 -17.4 — 1G.G -19. —19. 3 9. 3 — 5. 19 -23.9 -1G. -20. (I -34. S -1G.2 -22. 5 -14. 3 -12.1 -24. 8 -17.8 -19. G -25.4 -23.8 -1G. -23.1 -27.4 -25.7 -34.7 -18.2 -13.7 -12.1 - P. 7 -27.1 -22.5 -13.4 - 5.3 -12. 7 -11.2 -13.2 - 4. G -21.4 -17.8 -20.4 -13.1 -1G.1 -22.fi -15. 1 -11.7 -23.3 -IS. 5 -19. 2 -25. _' -21.7 -19. fi -23. 2 -27. 2 -20! 1 -32.7 -17.9 -13.8 -13.1 -0.4 -27. 9 -20! 5 -12.8 - 9.71 - 8. 42 -10. 98 -13. 71 - G. 20 -14. 01 -15. 27 -20.43 -17. 73 -30.92 -21. 00 -35. 09 -3G.99 -17.43 -21. 39 -18.95 -23.26 -22. 70 -18. 70 -17. -■0 -24. 30 -25. 82 -29. 81 -22. 08 -14. 51 -14.4'. -32. G9 -15.43 -28. 55 -17. 04 -2.3 -4.8 -2.7 -30.0 -30. 5 - 2. G - 3.8 -10. 3 -3G. 9 -14.2 -7.2 -14.0 -13.3 -11.4 -11.4 -17.1 -17.2 -13. 4 -14.2 -14. G -10. G -21. 4 -24.2 -1G.4 -39.4 -13.0 -10.2 -0.5 8.0 -23. 4 - 7.2 -12.7 -15.4 -30.3 -10.4 -19. -1C. 2 -26. 8 -26.6 -25. .3 -25. I.I -20. 3 -28. -26.2 -26. 4 -29. 2 -30. 3 -29. 2 -25. 2 -39.0 -3G. 7 -22. -12.0 -20. 2 Means . . —37. 21 j —17. 10 -16.77 — 1G.73 -10.59 j — 1G.71 i —10.80 j — 1G. 82 j —37.44 ! —37.32 | —17.10 —11.32 ; —25. SO Dill. 10.4 10.6 13. G fi.4 13. U 23.0 16.3 8. G 10.8 33.1 13.4 32.9 15.0 17.8 13.4 7.9 10.1 15. 10.fi 15.7 10.4 8. 22. G 3 7.3 9. 13.1 22.fi 40. 7 18.G ID. 14.C4 II. Ex. £1 31 242 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAPPOW, ALASKA. Table showivrj the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1S81, to August, 1883 — Continued, [Height oftho theiraometer above tlie surface of thecarll>,4feet. Washington mean time. 17 minutes.] Collection to reduce to mean local time i hours Diitc. 1883. Jan. 1... Jan. 2.. Jan. 3.. Jan. 4... Jan. 5.. Jan . G . . . Jan. 7... Jan. 8... Jan. 9... Jan. 10... Jan. 11... Jan. 32... Jan. 13 . . . Jan. H... Jan. 13... Jan. 10... Jan. 17... Jan. IS... Jan. 10... Jan. 20... Jan. 21... Jan. 22... Jan. 23... Jan. 21... Jan. 25. .. Jan. 20... Jan. 27... Jan. 23... Jan. 2D... Jan. 30... Jan. 31... Means . 1 a. m. 4 a. m. i 5 a. m. •■ (i a. m. -14.0 G.0 1 -4.0 -7.1 -7.9 -14.7 -1G.5 -15. !) -19.3 -17.5 -25.0 -33. 6 -31.5 -29. 5 -35.3 -2.3 - G.2 -14.7 -22.9 -18.2 -9.2 -0.7 J 2.3 -13.7 -24.3 -27.8 -30.9 -2G.8 —28.9 -13.3 — u. u i — 5. 8 - 1.6 - 4.0 - 8.4 - S.4 -15.5 -1G.5 -16.8 -20.1 -17.5 -25. 8 -33. G -30. 9 -29.5 -35.3 - 2.1 - 7.0 -15.4 -23.7 -1S.1 - S.7 0.1 11.3 -14.1 -24.1 -28.1 -30. 6 -28.0 -28.3 -29.0 —10.82 —17. 0G —13.0 — 3.0 — 1.7 — 4.3 — 9. 3 — 7.9 —10.4 —10.7 —10.9 — 18. G —17.5 —25.9 —34.1 -30.9 —29.7 — 34. G — 1.9 — 7.4 -10.5 —23. —18.1 — 7.2 0.1 9.8 —14.1 —24.2 —29.4 —31.0 —28.0 —29.1 -29.4 —13. — 2.8 — 1.7 — 4.4 — 9. G — 7.8 —10.9 — 10. G — 1G. 4 —15.6 —18.3 —25.7 — 34. G —30.7 —29.6 —33.4 — 1.7 — 8.4 —17.2 —25.1 —18.1 — G.3 0.1 7.3 —14.1 —23.9 —29.1 — 30. G —28.1 —29.0 —30.5 —17. 17 -12.8 -3.2 -4.2 -4.0 -10.4 -8.4 -17.5 -10.4 -13.7 -15.6 -18.6 -24.3 -34.6 -30.5 -29.6 -31.7 -0.3 -8.9 -17.7 -25.2 -17.5 - G.2 0.1 5.0 -10.0 -23.3 -29.7 -30. 5 -28.1 -30.3 -29.9 —17.31 -12.9 -2.7 -4.2 -2.5 -10.0 -9.0 -17.7 -15. 6 -14.9 -16.7 -20.3 -23.8 -34.4 -30.0 -29. 3 -2S.8 7.0 -9.5 -18.2 -25.5 -16.8 -6.0 1.4 3.2 -10.0 -23.8 -30.5 -30.1 -28.2 -20.3 -29.5 -10. 99 -13.0 -2.3 -4.8 - 3. 5 -10.5 -10.3 -16.6 -14.5 -14.5 -17.7 -21.0 -24.0 -34.0 -29.5 -28.0 -27.0 9.1 -10.1 -18.5 -25.5 -10.2 -5.0 l.G 0.4 -16.4 -24.5 -30. 5 -29.5 -27.8 -30.7 -29.5 -1G.95 S a. in. -12. 2 -1.7 - 4.9 -3.4 -10.6 -11.0 -15.9 -13.8 -13.2 -16.3 -21.4 -24.9 -33.4 -28.8 -28.8 -24.7 6.4 -11.0 -1S.G -25.3 -14.9 -5.8 l.G -1.4 -17.7 -24.7 -30.3 -29.5 -27.1 -31.1 -30.0 -1G. 92 !) a. in. —12.1 — 2.6 — 2.3 — 4.0 —10.7 —11.9 —15.9 —13.0 —14.6 —14.8 —21.3 —20.0 —33.3 —28.0 —29.5 22. 2 3! 4 —11.7 —19.4 —24.8 —14.4 — 6.1 — 1.2 — 3.1 —18.1 —24.2 —31.2 —30.3 —27.1 —31.8 —29.5 —17. 19 10 a.m. —11.9 — 3.5 — 1.4 — 4.2 —11.4 —12.8 — 1G.2 —13. 2 —14. 5 —13. 4 —21.1 —20.0 —32. 8 —27.0 —29. 2 —19.5 1.6 —12. 1 —19. 3 —24.2 —12.9 — 5.9 — 0. 5 — 3.2 —18.8 —24.0 —31.9 —29.7 —27. 3 —33.2 -28.4 -17. 05 11 a.m. -11.8 -3.8 -2.8 - 3.2 -11.7 -13.5 -17: 3 -13.0 -15.9 -12. 5 -21.0 -27.1 -32. 5 -20. 7 -29.4 -1G. 9 0.7 -12.3 -19.3 -24.0 -11.4 -6.5 0.2 -3.8 -19.8 -24.4 -31.9 -29. 5 -27. 5 -33.4 -27. G 12 in. 1 1 p. m. -11.5 - 5. -3.3 - 2.0 -11.5 -14. S -18.2 -12.7 -16. 9 -13.4 -22.0 -27.4 -32. 2 -25^4 -31. 5 -13.3 0.4 -12.0 -19.6 -22. -10.5 - 6.0 0.2 -4.5 -21.0 -24. 5 -31.6 -29.9 -27.6 -33.8 -25. 9 -17. 10 — 4.4 0.2 —11.0 —14.9 —10.9 —11.0 —17.5 —14. i —22.9 —3l! 9 —24. 7 —32. 5 —13.4 0.3 —12. S —19. 8 21, 2 —10.4 o!o — 0.0 21. 2 —24.0 —31. 5 —29. 7 —20. 9 —32. 7 —24.3 —17. 06 2 p. m. -11.3 -4.0 -5.1 -2.1 -10.7 -15, 8 -15.9 -11.2 -19. -14. (i -23.7 -28. 6 —31.7 —11.2 — 0.3 —12. 5 —20.0 -20. I —10.2 — 5.8 0.3 — 8.6 22. 7 —23. 7 —31. 5 —29.0 — 2G. 8 —32.9 —22.8 —17. 08 Date. 1SS3. Jan. 1... Jan. 2... Jan. 3... Jan. 4... Jan. 5... Jan. 0... Jan. 7... Jan. 8... Jan. 9... Jan. 10... Jan. 11... Jan. 12... Jan. 13... Jan. 34... Jan. 15... Jan. 10... Jan. 17... Jan. 18... Jan. 19 .. Jan. 20. .. Jan. 21... Jan. 22... Jan. 23... Jan. 2t... Jan. 25... Jan. 20... Jan. 27... Jan. 28... Jan. 29... Jan. 30. . . Jan. 31... Moans . 3 p. m. -11.0 -3.7 -5.0 -2.9 -IP. -10.4 -14.8 -11.5 -19.2 -14.7 -24. 5 -29.2 -32.1 -20. 4 -31.0 -9.3 -0.5 -12.7 -19.9 -20. 7 -10.0 -5.8 0.5 - 9.-1 -22.8 -23. -30. 7 -30. 3 -20.7 -33. G -20.2 i p. m. —17. 07 -10.4 -3.3 -4.7 -3.8 —10.2 —13.8 —11. 8 —19. —14.7 —22.9 —29. 3 —31. 9 —27.4 —32. 5 — 0.9 — 0.5 —12.7 —19. 5 —20.5 —10.9 -11.2 -22.8 -23. 8 -30. 5 -30.4 -25.9 -32.4 -17.0 -10.70 a p. in. —10.2 — 3.4 — 4.7 — 4.4 — 7.8 — 15.6 —17.7 —12.0 —20.5 —15. 7 —24. 5 —29. 5 —30.4 —28.1 —34.7 — 5.3 — 0.8 —12.8 —19.0 —19.4 —11.2 — 4.3 3.2 —13.1 —23.2 —23.2 —30. 3 —29.8 —24.5 -32. —15.2 (5 p. m. -10.4 -3.0 -4.6 -4.8 -7.3 -15.6 -14.9 -11.7 -20.1 -17.3 -24.9 -30. 3 -31.5 -29.3 -35.0 -4.3 -1.6 -13.1 -19.4 -17.8 -11.6 - 3.0 3.7 -14.1 -23. 2 -23.8 -30. 7 -29.0 -25. 7 -31. 9 -11.7 — 1G.80 : — 1G.93 7 p. m. -9.7 -3.3 -4.3 -5.6 -7.1 -16.7 -14.9 -12.4 -19.9 -17. -25..0 -31.4 -31.7 -29.3 -35. -3.5 - 2.1 -13.4 -19.4 -17.5 -12.0 - 3.3 4.4 -14.8 -23.6 -24.9 -31.0 -29.3 -20.4 -32. 4 -10.2 -10. S8 S p. m. -9.5 -3.3 - 4.3 -0.7 -0.9 -16. 8 -14.8 -12.8 -19.5 -17. G -25.2 -32.0 -29.5 -29.0 -35.5 -3.3 - 2. 3 -13! 4 -19.4 -18.0 -12. 1 - 3.3 4.9 -15. G -24.3 -25.7 -31.3 -2S.4 -26.7 -32. 2 9 p. m. — 9.5 — 3.7 — 5. 2 — 6.7 — 7.5 —15.9 —14.1 -12.1 —20.2 —17.9 —25. 5 —32. 4 -31.5 —29.5 —35.9 — 2.9 — 3. 4 —13. 9 —21.1 —IS. -11.4 — 3.0 5.3 —15.5 —24. 8 —24.2 —31.0 —27. 1 —26.9 —3:!. 2 — 8.8 — 1G.8S —17.02 -10.99 " Highest leading of standard thermometer taken for maximum of day from January 1, ISSvS, 10 Juno 1, 1883 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA, 243 Tahlc sliou-hifi the temperature of the air at Uylaamic from October, 1SS1, toAiir/u.st, 1SS3 — Continued. [Height of (he thermometer above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time,— 5 aoura 17 minutes.] Date. 1883. Pel.. 1. Fob. 2. Pel.. 3. Pel.. 4. Pol.. 5. Pel.. C. Feb. 7. Feb. 8. Feb. D. Feb. 10.-. Feb. 11.. Feb. 12 . Feb. 13.. Feb. 14.. Feb. 15.. Feh.lG.. Feb. 17.. Feb. 18.. Feb. 1U.. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. ! 3 a. m. — 0. 9 i — G. 9 — 9. 2 — 8. 5 2.:; ' 2.3 12. G 12.8 Feb. 20.. . Feb. 21... Fob. 22... Fob. 23... Feb. 24 .. Feb. 27..... Feb. 20.... Feb. 27.... Feb. 28.... Means .. Date 11.8 23. 5 ■ — G. 0.1 7.4 — 5. 1 I —15.0 —15. 3 7.0 — 9.7 — G.5 ! —14. 5 1 — 9.7 | -11.2 9.5 5.8 -10.8 -9.5 -20.0 -19.0 -22.8 -22.1 -17. 5 -13. S 11.9 23.7 — 5.3 — 0.7 9.4 — 6.8 — 15. G —14.4 6.0 — 9.7 — G.5 —14.9 — S.G —10.4 7.4 5.1 —10. 9 —10. 8 —20.9 —18.4 —23.4 09, 4 —11. 8 —13.1 - 6. 7 - 7. 7 3.0 13. G 12.0 23.7 -4.2 - 2.4 12.5 -15. G -12. 3.2 -10.3 - G.3 -15. S -7.9 - 9.5 7.0 :;. .1 -11.5 -12.3 -21. 2 -20.0 -23.7 -24.0 -17.1 -11.9 4 a. ru. 5 a. in. a. in. 7 a. in. S a. 111. i) a. m. tO a. m. 11a. 111. 12 in. 1 p. lu. 2 )>. ra. is?::. Mar. 1 . . . —11.4 -11.2 — 9.4 —14. 3 —10. 5 —19.4 -29.5 22. 1 —23.7 —25. ni _ —21. 4 —25. —25. 9 Mar. 2 ... go 7 -33.1 —34. 4 —33. —30. 8 -38.4 -37. 8 —39.2 —40. 4 —40.3 —39. 2 -37.4 ;;- ;; —22. — 24. 9 —24. -25. 8 — 25. U —20.1 —20. 9 —27.1 — 2G. 9 —27. 5 -27. -27. 8 —'JO. 8 — sa —25 7 Mar. 4 ... —10. 5 —17.5 —19.4 —18.4 —19.1' —19.4 —18. 2 —17.7 — 17.7 —19. 6 —21. 2 -22. 1 —23. 3 Mar. 5 ... -15.7 —10.0 —17.7 —1 1. 9 —14.7 —18.0 17 r f -14. 9 —13. 1 — 9.7 - 5.1 — 3.:: — 3. 5 Mar. C ... —15.0 — 1G.7 —18.2 —19.1 — 18. G —19.4 —h'. 9 —24. 9 —25. 2 —27. U —28! 8 —30. -32. 2 —30.8 Mar. 7 . . . -24.3 —24. 6 24.2 —25. 9 — 2G. 1 —20. 3 —25. 7 —27. 8 —29. 6 —31.5 —32. 2 —'/J. 7 -33. 4 —29. 7 Mar. 8... —23. 1 —21.2 —20. 5 —23.1 —24. 9 —25. 2 —28.1 —25. 9 —27.7 —28. 3 —27. — 28. 2 - 31.7 —33. 8 Mar. 9 . . . —37.3 -37. 3 —37. 2 —37.7 —38. 4 — 39. G — 10.3 —41.0 —43.3 —10.3 —4!!. i — 13. 3 — 12. 5 —40.4 Mar. 10 ... —37. 5 —38. 5 —49. —10. 2 —40.2 —40.4 — 39. —39. 4 —39. 4 -40. 3 -40.0 —40. 9 —4i-. I —39. Mar. 11 ... —37.0 — 3G. 3 —36. 7 —34.9 —37. 3 — 3G. 7 —30.9 — 3G. S —30. —37. 4 -38. 3 —37. 1 —39. 2 —38, ! Mar. 12 . . . —24.2 —25.8 —25. 1 —23.2 —21.9 —23. 1 —22.1 -21.3 —19.2 —21.1 —20. —21.0 —19. 1 -18.2 Mar. 13 . . . —20. —21.1 —19.5 —20. 3 —23. 8 —25.7 — 2G. 9 —25. 9 —25. 9 —25. 9 —25. 4 — 24. 3 —26. 25. 7 Mar. 14 ... —27. 5 —20.7 —28. 8 —30. 5 —27. 9 —29.3 —29.3 —28.0 -29.0 —29. 5 -28. 9 —28. —28. ■ — 25. 9 Mar. 15 ... —20. 7 —29.8 —31.8 —31.5 -33. G —33. 9 —34. 8 —35.5 -35. -34. -45. 7 —33. 9 — 32. 4 —30.3 Mar. 10 . . . —21.0 —21.1 —21.8 22, 2 —21. 5 —20. —18. 4 —17.9 —IS. 2 -IS. 2 —18.2 -17.4 -10. —14.0 Mar. 17 . . . —10.7 —15.8 —15.8 — 15. S —15. 9 —15. 7 — 15. G —15. — 10.2 — 10.0 —10.0 —17.0 —16. 7 -10.3 Mar. IS ... —13.2 —14.0 — 16. G —20. 1 —20. 5 —20.1 —20.3 —23. s — 22. —24. 3 -21.2 — 20. 3 —20. 1 —19.0 Mar. 19 ... —17.7 —18.4 -18.7 —18.4 — 18.0 —20. 5 —20. 5 —20. 3 —20. 9 —21. 5 -22. 1) 90 .. —22. Mar. 20 ... —22. 3 —23. —24. 8 —24. 2 —24.7 —20. 9 —22. 7 -23.8 — 25. 7 -23. 2 _22. 2 —24.' -h'.O —2;. 11 Mar. 21 ... —18.3 —17.0 —19.7 —2(i. 5 —20. 3 —IS. 2 — 16^4 —16.4 — 1G. 4 —15. 9 —15.0 -14.8 —13.5 -12. 1 Mar. 22 . . . — 5.1 — 5.2 — 5.6 — 0.1 — 0.2 — G.O — 5.9 — 5. 8 — 0.0 -0.3 -0.7 — 0.3 — 0.0 — 0.7 Mar. 23 ... — 5.3 — S.8 — 7.1 — 3.8 — 0.5 — 0.3 — 1.7 — 4.7 — 7. 5 —11.2 -11.2 —12.4 —1 1. 8 —10.7 Mar. 24 . . . — 2.9 — 4.1 — 4.5 — 1.2 0.0 1.4 — 0.7 - 1.2 — 1.3 — 2.1 0. G 3.0 1.4 3.4 Mar. 25 . . . 13.3 15.8 18.7 19.8 20.7 21.1 23.0 23.9 19.8 18. 5 10.8 18.0 19.9 22. 3 Mar. 20 . . . 9.1 5.3 4.0 4.0 5.3 4.0 5.7 7.4 7.0 G. 8 9.1 10.8 12. G 10.1 Mar. 27 . . . 25.0 25.7 25.1 24. 2 23.7 22.9 20.8 21.3 20.5 19.7 20. 2 21.1 21. 1 23. 2 Mar. 28 ... 5.3 3.2 0. G — 3. — 3.8 — 5.8 — 0.7 — 6.7 — 7.7 — 7. 7 — 8.7 — G. 3 — 2.0 1.4 Mar. 29 ... 19.0 20.5 21.3 IS. 8 18.8 19.1 16.8 16.3 12.9 14.7 15.7 10.9 17. S 19.7 Mar. 30 ... 14.1 7.8 5.3 8.9 9.5 10.0 8.9 2.9 — 0.7 — 1.5 — 0.7 — 1.2 2. 5 3.4 Mar. 31 ... 9.1 -12. 97 10.4 —13. 54 10,9 10.5 10.8 11.0 9.8 8.0 3.4 3.4 . 4.9 0.1 4.2 4.2 Means —14. 13 —14. 18 —14. 45 -15. 04 —15. 21 —15. 02 — 1G. 55 —17. 08 —17.01 —10. 32 —15.91 —14.37 3 p.m. —20.7 —32. 3 —24.3 -24. 5 — 5.3 —29.9 —29.5 —31.9 —39.0 —37.7 —36.6 — 1G. 7 —25. 3 —25.1 —27.1 —12. 1 —14.7 — 10.4 —21.3 —20.4 —11.0 — 0.1 — 10. 5.0 21.1 18.9 23.8 4.4 21.9 6.5* 4.0* — 13.0! : p. m. -2G.8 -30.3 -22.1 -23.4 -8.6 -29.4 -22.4 -36.3 -36. G -37.1 -34.6 -15.4 -24.7 -23. 1 -23. 4 -11.8 -13.9 -13. 8 -19.3 -23. -9.0 -9.5 6.4 21. G 20.3 21.1 7.4 24.5 9.0 3.9 -12.49 I I 5 p. 111. I 6 p. in. ' 7 p. 111. 1 p. m. 9 p. m. -20.5 -22.3 -10.2 -20.3 -18.2 -36.7 -34.9 -33. 7 -32. 1 -14.9 -22. 9 -23. 5 -22. 6 -10.4 -12. 3 -10.5 -10. -14. G - 8.4 - 4.G -7.8 9.8 21.0 22. 5 18.1 10.3 25. 5 10. G 3.9* -25.8 -24.7 —IS. 2 —20. 5 —11.7 —20.1 —17.1 —30. 8 —33. 4 —32. 4 —29.9 —13.4 —21.2 —21. 5 —20. S — 9.7 —11.3 — 9. 5 —14.7 —13.9 -3.2 - 7.0 13.9 20. 5 22 7 15. 1 13.0 24.9 10.7 3.0* -20.2 -23. 3 -1G.8 -18.0 -12. 8 -19.7 -17.5 -37.3 -32. 9 -31.0 -28.9 -12.3 -20.4 -20.4 -20.3 -9.6 -10.8 -9.1 -14. 3 -13.9 - 0.9 - 1.7 -4.0 14.2 22.5 -27.6 -22.9 -15.9 -17.3 -13.0 -19.5 -17.5 -35.3 -32. 1 -30. 3 -27.8 -13.9 -21.0 -21. 2 -19 4 -10.8 -11.0 -9.1 -13.1 -14.7 - 6.2 - 0. G -4.7 17.3 23.7 22.2 11.1 13.4 24. 2 12^7 3.4* -28.3 -22.7 -1G.0 -18.0 -13 4 -20.5 -19.5 -36.7 -32.4 -30.7 -27.1 -14.3 -22.5 -21.1 -19. 3 -12. G -11.3 -10.4 -14.5 -15. -0.0 - 0. 8 - 2.8 17. 5 22.0 22.3 9.7 14. 23.0 12.3 3.3 10 p. m. I 11 p. m. ■ 12 p. 111. —30. 9 -15.2 -16. 9 -13.4 -23.3 -21.5 -37. 3 -32. 8 -31.9 -25. G -18.0 -22. 9 -19. G -19. 5 -14.6 -11.8 -12. 5 -14. 9 -15.1 -5.6 - 0. 5 - 1.1 18. G 18.3 21.7 S.4 14.8 19.2 9.7 1.8 — 33. 6 —24.7 —15. 4 —15.0 —13.2 —23.3 —23.1 —37.7 -33.8 —35. 9 —27.0 —19.6 —20. —21. 5 —20.0 — 10. G —12.4 —13. 3 —18.9 —15.3 — 5.3 — 0.4 0.0 15.9 15.0 20.2 s. 10.2 17.5 8. 3 0.1 -33.4 -24.3 -15.4 -10.8 -13. -19.0 -24.2 -3S. 3 -35.3 -35.0 -20.7 -20.5 -20. 7 -22. S -21. 3 -10.7 -1 3. -12.3 -21.0 -10. 3 -5.1 -2.9 0.1 11.0 10.1 24. 3 7.0 17.4 17.9 8.7 -0.7 Daily means. Max. Mm. —23. 38 —31. 02 —22. 87 —19. 35 —11. S3 —23. 15 —25.19 —30.67 —38. 12 —37. 21 —31. 00 -19.38 -23.78 -25. 78 -28.49 -10.33 ' ! -14.53 -1.6.38 -19.00 : -20. 70 -12. SO - 4. 02 - 0. 04 5.21 19.50 13.91 18.70 3.10 I 19.58 7. 03 5. .".0 -1 5. 2 -15. - 3. 3 -15.0 -17.1 -20. 5 -32. 1 -30. 3 -25. 6 -12.3 -19.5 -19.6 -19.3 - 9. G -10. 8 -9.1 -13.1 -13.9 - 5.1 -0.4 0.1 18.0 23.9 26.2 25. 7 17.4 14! i n.o -10. 09 ; — 9. C7 — 9. 33 ! — 8. 93 9.41 I -10.09 -11. i: —11.71 —13.31 ! — 5.71 —45. 2 —32. 2 -28.3 — 30.7 —38. :; — 43. s —51.4 —40.7 —13. 4 —3H. 1 — 32. 7 —34. 7 —39. 7 —20.0 —21.1 — '21. 8 32, -24. 1 — 9. 3 —15.9 — s. 9. 0.7 4.0 —10.8 12.2 —24. OS 27. S 22.5 17.0 13.3 19.9 21. 1 21. 2 23 ■; 19.:; 10.4 17.8 17.8 13.2 1 5. 1 20. 4 10.4 10.3 1 8. 14.7 IS. 3 19.11 S. 9 10.0 20. 14. 3 25. 5 13.3 17.3 14.2 18.37 Interpolated. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 245 Table showing the temperature of the air at TJglaamie from October, 18S1, to August, 18S3 — Continued. [Height of the thermometer above tlio surface of tlio earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. a. m. 10 a.m. 11 a. in. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p. m. 1883. Apr. 1.... — 2. 2 — 4.1 — G. 3 — 9.3 —10.3 —11.0 —11.9 —11. 9 —13.8 —10.8 —18.2 —16.4 -17.4 —10.9 Apr. 2 —11.4 —13. —13.1 —14.0 —15. 4 —15.3 — 16. G —15.4 —17.3 -18.0 —19.4 —16.3 —16. 2 ' —14.2 Apr. 3 —12. 3 —13.9 —14.1 —14. 9 — 15. G —10. 4 —17. 1 —17.7 —17. —18.2 —18.4 —18.8 -1G.5 —15.(1 Apr. 4 —11.2 —13.3 —13.8 —14.7 — 15. G —15. G —17. 3 — 18.4 —19.2 —19.7 —21.0 ' —20. 5 —19. 6 —16.9 Apr. 5 ... — 9. 5 — 8.9 — 8.2 — 7.9 -7.5 — 7.3 — 0.9 — 0.9 — 6.9 — G. 8 — 0.0 — 5.2 — 4.1 — 3.2 Apr. G - 3. 1 — 5.3 — G.O — G.O — G.O — 6. 2 — 6.7 — G. 5 — G.O — 6.3 — 0.0 — 5. 2 — 5.1 — 4.0 Apr. 7 — —13.8 —15.0 —19. 2 —18. 6 —18.4 —17. 3 — 1G. G —15. 4 —14.7 -13.1 — 11.2 — 9. 5 — 9.0 — 7.5 Apr. S ... — 1*. C —20. 3 —21.2 —22.4 —23.1 —24. 2 -24.7 —24.5 —23. 8 -24.0 —24.1 —21.1 —15. 7 —12.1 Apr. !) ... —11.9 —14. 3 —15.4 — 15. G —14.1 —13.2 —15.2 —16.6 — 10. 9 —15. 5 —13. 9 —10. 5 — 9.5 — 7.8 Apr. 10.... — 1.1 — 0.7 — 1.1 - 2.0 — 2. 5 — 3-4 — 4.2 — 4.9 — 6.0 — 7.0 — 7.0 — 6.1 — 5.0 — 3.2 Apr. 11.... — 3. 5 - 4.8 — 9.1 — 5.7 — 5.3 -> G.3 — G. 1 - 6.0 — 0.2 — 0.1 — 5.8 — 5.0 — 4.2 - 3.1 Apr. 12.... — 2. 5 — 5. 1 - 5.0 — 4.5 — G.O — 7.5 — 9.5 — 9.8 — 7.3 — 4.9 — 2.6 — 0.7 1.8 3.7 Apr. 13.... 1.7 0.7 0.0 — 1.4 — 2.8 — 4.0 — 4.0 — 5.1 — 7.0 — 6.4 — 4.1 — 4.5 — 3. 5, — 1.9 Apr. 14.... 1.7 9. 2 — 4.2 — 4.1 — 4.5 — 4.5 — 7.3 — 0.9 — 5.9 — 4.9 — 3.2 — 0. 5 1.9 3.9 Apr. 15 3.5 1.0 0.8 — 1.2 — 1.3 — 1.2 — 1.0 — 2.1 — 2.5 — 2.1 — 2.0 — 1.9 3.2 — 1.8 Apr. 16.... — 3.0 —11.2 — 9.4 - 8 8 — 10. G — 13. G —18.4 —21.0 —24.0 —23.2 —22.0 —20.2 — 17. G —14.7 Apr. 17 —13. G — 1G.4 —18.1 —18.4 -19.2 —19.2 —19.0 —21. 7 —24.3 —24.2 —23. — 21. G —19.7 —16.6 Apr. 18 —17.5 — 19. G 21, 2 —24.0 25. 2 — 2G.7 —26. 7 —27. 8 — 28. S —30. 8 —29. —27.0 21.2 —15.8 Apr. 10.... — 7.0 — 7. 2 — 7.3 — 7.7 — 9.4 — 8. G — 8.9 — 8.7 — 8.9 — 8.6 — 7.0 — 6.8 — 5.3 — 3.7 Apr. '20 5.7 U. 1 5.3 4.9 4.9 8.2 5.7 5.1 0.7 6.9 7.2 7.2 8.3 10.0 Apr. 21.... 15.1 14.2 13. G 12.8 12.0 11.2 10.8 9.5 5.6 G.2 4.1 2.G l.G 0.5 Apr. 22 ... — 0.7 — 1.3 — 1.7 2. 2 — 2.1 — 2.5 — 2.8 — 3.0 — 2.4 - 1.4 — 0.3 0.7 2.8 3.2 Apr. 23.... — 3.4 — 3.9 — 4.7 — 5. 3 — 5.1 — 1.7 — 3.2 — 6.7 — 7.0 — 7.0 — 6.7 — 2.3 1.8 5.0 Apr. 24 0.4 5.7 4.0 2.2 ' 1.0 1.2 — 0.5 — 0.3 4.5 3.2 5.1 0.9 7.2 7.4 Apr. 25.... 10.3 10.1 9.1 9. G 8.9 8.2 9.1 9.1 9.3 10.1 10.5 11.2 12.0 11.0 Apr. 2C 11.1 11.4 10.8 10.0 9.8 8.2 7.4 8.9 8.7 8.1 7.7 6.9 7.4 7. 5 Apr. 27 4.8 3.7 1.7 — 1.1 0.8 3.2 3.2 3.4 4.2 4.1 5.0 6.5 8.2 9.9 Apr. 28.... 10.4 7.G 7.7 7.2 7.4 7.2 7.7 5.6 5.4 6.8 7.9 9.5 11.0 13.3 Apr. 2!) 10.1 9.2 8.5 7.8 7.2 7.2 6.9 6.4 7.5 6.9 8.1 8.7 8.9 10.2 Apr. 30.... 8.5 — 1.91 7.5 5.5 4.2 3.2 3.4 4.2 3.6 1.8 1.4 1.0 1.7 2.9 3.1 Means — — 3.44 - 4:40 — 5.02 — 5.47 — 5. GO — 6.32 — 6.86 — 7.10 — 7.07 — 0.52 — 5.27 — 3.90 — 2.30 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. i p. m. 8 p. m. 9 p. in. 10p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p.m. Daily mean's. Max. Miu. Diff. 1883. Apr. 1. Apr. 2. Apr. 3. Apr. 4 Apr. 5. Apr. 6. Apr. 7 . Apr. 8. Apr. 9. Apr. 10. Apr. 11. Apr. 12. Apr. 13. Apr. 14. Apr. 15 . Apr. 1G. Apr. 17. Apr. 18. Apr. 19. Apr. 20. Apr. 21. Apr. 22. Apr. 23. Apr. 21. Apr. 25. Apr. 20. Apr. 27. Apr. 23. Apr. 29. Apr. 30. Means . —15. 6 —13.1 —13.0 —14.9 — 2.4 -2.0 — 6.9 —10. 2 — G.7 — 2.9 — 3.2 4.9 0.4 5.5 0.1 —14.4 —14.4 —11.9 — 1. G 10.5 0.4 4.7 5.9 7.3 12.2 8.7 11.1 13.9 11.3 4.8 — 1.07 —13. 8 —10.6 —11.9 -13.0 — 2.0 — 2.5 — 5.3 — 7.8 — 5.9 2. 2 -2.6 5.4 1.6 5.8 1.2 -13.8 -13.1 -9.1 -0.7 11.3 0.7 4.8 6.2 8.2 13.6 8.5 11.5 14.1 12.5 4.5 0.15 -12.7 -10.0 -11.2 -11.4 -0.9 -3.1 -7.6 -6.0 -4.7 -1.6 -1.2 5.5 3.8 6.3 -0.2 -13.8 -11.3 -6.7 1.3 12.5 - 0. 5 4.4 7.4 8.9 15.6 8.5 14.4 13.7 13.6 5.3 0.61 -10.9 -9.7 -10.5 -10.1 -0.7 -2.0 -8.6 -4.9 -2.3 -1.2 0.4 5.7 5.3 7.0 -1.7 -13.6 -11.0 -5.8 2.5 13.7 -0.1 3.0 7.7 9.8 15.9 8.5 15.4 12.8 13.6 4.4 1.11 -10.2 -8.7 -10.2 -9.0 -0.5 -2.1 -9.2 -4.5 -0.6 -0.7 0.8 5.6 6.2 7.3 -2.2 -13.7 -10.5 -5.2 3.2 14.7 1.1 3.2 7.5 10.0 15.6 8.5 15.8 11.1 13.6 3.9 1. 3G -9.3 -8.2 -9.3 -8.2 - 0.4 -2.3 -8.5 -4.3 -0.6 -0.7 1.3 5.1 6.8 7.3 -2.5 -13.9 -9.6 -5.2 5.1 15.4 0. G 1.6 7.3 11.0 14.9 . 8.3 15.6 11.0 13.2 4.9 1.55 -8.9 -8.8 -8.8 -7.9 - 0. S -3.0 -.9.7 -4.7 -1.0 -1.2 -0.1 4.2 6.8 7.5 -3.5 -14.0 -9.7 -5.8 5.0 10.0 0.5 1.0 7.3 10.7 14.0 8.0 14.0 10.7 12.5 5.8 1.22 -7.8 -9.5 -8.5 -7.8 -0.9 -3.7 -10.2 -5.5 -1.1 -1.7 0.0 3.6 6.4 6.2 -4.6 -13.9 -10.8 -6.1 5.1 15.5 -0.3 0.8 8.2 11.1 13.7 7.4 11.4 11.0 11.8 5.1 0.83 -8.6 -9.2 -19.5 -7.6 -2.2 -4.9 -12. 6 -7.2 -1.3 -2.4 -1.9 3.1 4.4 5.7 -4.1 -14.1 -11.9 -7.6 5.9 15.8 -0.4 -1.3 8.3 11.3 12.4 7.0 10.5 11.0 10.1 5.3 •i- 8.6 —10.1 —10.4 — 9.5 — 3.2 — 7.7 —15.2 — 8.8 — 1.1 — 2.9 — 1.1 2.2 3.1 4,4 — 6.7 —13.8 —14.3 — 7.0 5.7 14.7 — 0.7 0.3 7.2 11.2 11.5 5.1 11.1 11.5 9.6 3.4 0. 13 1 — 0. 67 -11. 37 -13. 09 -13. 75 -14. 01 - 4.55 - 4.70 -12. 24 -15. 15 - 8.99 - 2.99 - 3.53 - 0.61 0.10 0.93 - 1.63 -14. 90 -16.32 -17.15 - 3.09 9.60 5.05 0.39 0.95 0.42 11.60 8.46 7.88 9.81 9.81 4.14 - 2. 76 2.2 8.2 -0.4 -2.0 -5.3 -4.3 -0.6 -0.7 1.3 5.7 6.8 7.5 3.5 - 3.0 -9.6 -5.2 5.9 16.0 15.1 4.8 8.3 11.3 15.9 11.4 15.8 14.1 13. G 3.00 -21.9 -24. 8 -23. -26.7 -14.3 -11.3 -23.0 -29.0 -20. 4 -9.9 -9.0 -13. G -10. G -10.9 - 9. 7 -28.9 -35.0 -11.8 -3.4 - 5. 5 -10.1 -2.5 0.6 3.0 -2.3 3.9 5.0 -0.8 19.7 16. C 14. 5 19.1 13.9 9.3 17.7 24.7 19.8 10.3 19.3 17.4 18.4 13.2 24.7 19.3 29.8 17.7 13.2 18. 5 10.3 18.4 13.8 9.3 8.4 18.1 10.2 8.6 9.3 15.70 246 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Tabic showing the temperature of the air at TJylaamic from October, 1881, to Avgust, 18S3 — Con tinned. {Height of the thermometer above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. 1 D.ite. 1 a. m. 2 a. in. 1SS3. Mav 1- Mav 2. May 3. May 4. May 5. May G. May 7. Ma'y 8. May 9. May 10. May 11. May 12. May 13. May 14. May 15. Mav 10 May 17. May 18. MavlS- May 20. May 21. May 22. May 23. May 24 . May 25.. May 20 . May 27 . May 28.. May 20.. May 30.. May 31.. Means . . Date. 1883. May 1. May 2. May 3. May 4. May 5. May 0. May 7. May 8. May 9. May 10. May 1 1 . May 12. May V.i. May 14. May 15. May )fi. May 17. May IS. May 19. May 20. May 21. May 22. Mav 23. May 21.. May 25.. May 26. . May 27 . . May 28.. May 29. . May 30.. Mav 31 . . 1.0 2. 3 7.0 7.1 15.5 33.4 15.0 26.3 22.8 25.7 25.7 24.9 25. C 24.7 28.7 2G.8 29.0 23.8 24.7 27.8 29.1 23.1 25.4 30.1 33.7 34.4 30. 3 32.7 32.1 34. 31.5 24.35 -0.3 -0.5 0.3 5.5 15.9 31.9 14.4 24.7 22.7 23.5 27. G 24.7 25.3 24.3 25.4 20.2 28.2 23. 5 23.5 26.5 25.4 22.3 24.9 26.7 33.7 33. 5 29.3 31.1 30.7 33.9 31.2 4 a. m. — 3.8 — 3.4 4.0 4,0 15.9 -3.2 -5.3 1.7 2.5 15. 5 27.2 28.3 14.1 14.3 23.7 23.5 22.8 23.2 22.7 21.7 23.29 27.3 24.4 24.8 23. 9 21.0 20.3 27.3 23.4 19.9 24.7 22.8 21.8 24.5 23.2 33.5 32. G 28.7 30.3 29.0 33.1 30.3 22.05 2G.8 24.3 22.8 24.1 23.3 20.9 27. 2 22! 7 15.9 22. 1 20.4 21.5 24.5 23.7 32.1 32.2 28.6 29.4 28.2 33.2 29.7 5 a. m. 6 a. m. 7 a. ni. i S a. in. ! 9 a. m. 1 10 a. 111. 21.35 — 7.0 — 6.9 — 1.2 1.6 14.8 26.6 13.9 21.7 22.3 20.0 20.4 23.5 21.7 23.3 22.5 20.0 26.8 21.9 12.9 17.0 19.0 20.5 24. 2 23! 9 31.0 31.5 27. G 28.2 27.8 32.2 29.4 i j -7.0 -11.0 — 3.5 — 4.0 0.2 — 0.3 15.4 16.0 27.1 29.4 14.7 14.7 20.5 19.0 21.9 21. 5 18.7 18.8 25.6 24.9 22.3 20.5 21.5 20.3 23.5 23.2 21.9 21.0 2G.4 26.8 20. G 26.1 22.0 21.7 10.9 9.5 14.0 12. C 17. G It. 7 20.7 20.9 24.1 24.1 23.1 22.2 30.8 30.3 31.7 31.3 20.7 24.9 27.0 25.4 27.6 30.1 32.0 31.7 28.8 2S.2 -10.4 -7.5 -3.8 1.1 16. G 29.8 15.3 18.3 20.7 19. G • 24.7 17.8 20.5 22.8 21.2 26.8 25.6 21.5 11.8 13.7 14.4 20.9 24. 5 20.7 29.9 30.9 25.0 28.0 29.6 30.3 29.3 —10.2 — 6.4 — 3.4 1.9 10. S 29.6 15.8 18.7 20.4 19.7 24.8 14.7 20.3 23.0 20.9 26.9 25.3 21.3 14.6 13.8 16.2 20.8 25.0 23.4 30.7 30.5 20.1 28. 8 30.2 31.2 2S. 8 -9.3 - 5.1 -2.8 2.8 17.0 27.1 15.7 17.7 20.4 21.2 24.6 15.7 20.7 23.4 20.7 25.3 21.2 16.7 12.0 10.7 21.4 25.4 21.7 31.2 30.1 26.8 28.8 29.4 31.0 29.3 11 a. m. ( 12 m. 1 p. m. 20. 12 19. 54 1S.95 I 19. 03 19. 30 ! 19. 61 8.4 4.5 3.4 25. 7 17.1 15. 8 20.5 21.0 15. C 21.7 23. 8 20. G 28.5 25.1 21.9 19.8 14.7 17.9 21.4 26.3 26.0 32. 3 29.7 27.6 30.5 29.9 31.8 30.1 -1.0 5.3 20.0 23.2 is] 3 15.4 21.0 21.2 25. 7 15.8 22.0 25.4 20.3 29. 8 25.4 23.2 22.6 17.1 17.8 22.4 27. S 28.1 33.3 30.1 26.9 31.5 30.5 31.5 31.1 -5.1 -0.5 0.8 6.3 21.1 21.0 in. 17.8 20.9 23.0 20.3 17.7 23.4 25.5 20.4 30.4 25.5 23.9 25.1 19.2 18.8 24.3 27.5 31.3 34.7 30.2 28.1 30.4 29.9 32.7 32.6 20. 18 21.00 22. 01 p. 111. 3 p. m. i 4 p. m. 5 p. m. > p. m. Means . — 1.5 4.9 3.4 9.3 27.8 19.1 21.2 20. 9 22. 8 2g!s 25.4 18. S 23.8 30.2 32.3 26.3 26.9 28.1 24.1 25. 3 30. 4 34. C 3G. 31.1 30. 6 30.8 30. 7 33.9 34.4 0.9 6.2 4.3 10.0 30.1 19. S 23.5 22.0 23.7 25. 9 2G.7 19.5 23.0 30.5 21.5 33.0 27.4 26.7 29.4 25.3 24. G 25. G 32.1 34.4 37.S 31.9 31.4 31. S 31. G 31.1 31. G 2.7 8.2 5.1 12.0 33.6 20.1 25.2 23.0 25.3 27.4 26.2 21.7 24.9 31.5 26.8 33.9 28.4 28.4 30.8 27.1 26.4 25.9 33.2 35.4 37.8 32. 5 33.2 32. 5 32.5 34.4 31. 9 24. 30 26. 48 3.7 9.1 6.2 13.3 33.9 19.8 25.7 23.7 27.9 27.9 26.0 22.5 25.0 31.3 26.7 33.7 27.9 28.1 30.4 29.2 27. G 26.8 34.4 35.4 37.6 32.5 32.7 32.7 32.9 33.7 35.9 7 ji. rn. 1 S p. m. Op. in. ] 10 p. m. 4.6 10.1 6.9 14.8 33.5 19.4 27.0 23.7 29.4 28.4 27.9 23.7 25.0 29.9 26.6 33.4 27. G 28.8 30.1 30.0 28.7 27.1 34.4 35.0 37.4 33.0 31.9 33. 33.7 33. 5 31.4 4.9 10.3 8.0 14.9 33.3 18.8 27.6 24.0 27.9 2S.G 27.2 24.8 25.3 29. S 26.7 34.4 28.2 28.5 29.9 30.9 29.6 27.6 33.5 36.6 36.4 33.7 33.5 31.2 33.5 32. 9 33. 6 5.1 9.5 8.0 15.1 32.9 18,6 28.4 24.0 27.1 30.1 20.6 25.5 24.9 30.7 2G.9 32.5 27.4 27. G 29.3 30.0 29.2 28.0 33. 3 35.8 35.4 32.4 32.9 33.2 33.5 32.3 34.4 11p.m. 12 p.m. Daily means. Max. : Min. 5.0 9.5 8.2 15.2 33.1 17.8 28.4 24.2 25.7 30.2 2G.0 25.6 24.5 32.1 27.3 31.8 26.0 20. 5 29.7 31. G 28.0 27.1 32.3 35.1 35.5 32.0 32.0 32.4 33. 6 32.2 33. 4.4 8.8 8.1 15.6 33.8 17.9 28.2 23.1 27.0 27.6 25.6 25.3 24.5 30.3 28.2 31.0 25.3 25. 3 29.6 31.8 20.3 25.8 32.0 34.1 35. 7 32.0 32.1 31.0 33.6 31.6 32.1 4.0 7. 7 7.5 14.7 33. 5 10.3 28.2 21.1 27.1 27.0 25.5 25.3 24.8 29.2 28. G 30.1 25. 2 25. 1 28.7 32.3 24.0 25.2 30. 5 33. 9 35.0 31.0 32. 31.9 34.0 31.9 31.5 — 2.13 5.1 1.29 10.3 2.71 8.2 7.68 15.0 23.62 33.9 23.03 33.4 20.20 28.4 21.32 26.3 23.58 29.4 24.26 30.2 26.03 27.9 21.30 25. 23. 43 25. G 20.92 32.1 24.08 28.6 29. 72 34.4 26.50 29.0 24. 54 28. S 22. 90 30. 8 22. 95 32.3 22. 42 29.6 23. 80 28. 28.49 31.4 29. 62 36. 31.02 37.51 31.73 34.4 29. 55 33. 5 30.77 34.2 31.03 31. 32.60 34.4 3J. 8G 35. 9 27.3!) 20. 80 25. 92 -14.0 —10.8 — 6.5 — 2.2 13.5 15.0 12.4 12.9 19.2 17.5 22.2 13.3 18.0 21.8 IS. 5 24.7 22.4 19.5 7.G 11.5 11.5 19.2 22.8 18.9 28. 7 28.6 23. 7 24. 5 20. 2 28. 3 27.0 10.02 -3.0 1.0 2.7 7.8 23.2 19.2 20.5 18.8 21.0 25.0 25.8 18.0 23.7 29.6 21.7 31.2 24.3 25. 1 25.8 22.8 19.7 24.8 29.4 33.5 35.8 30.7 29.0 31.2 29.4 33.2 23.15 Diff. 19.1 21.1 14.7 17.8 20.4 18.4 16.0 13.4 10.2 12.7 5.7 12.3 7.0 10.3 10.1 9.7 6.6 9.3 23.2 20.8 18.1 8.8 11.6 17.7 9.1 9.8 9.7 7.8 6.1 8.9 12.05 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 247 Table showing the temperature of the air at TJglaamic from October, 1SS1, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Ueiglit of the tlieimometer above the surface of the eartli, 4 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes.) Date. 1 a. in. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. in. (> a. m. 7 a. m. S a. m. a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 in. 1 p. m. 2 p. in. 18S3. June l... 30.5 30.5 29.9 29.8 29.9 29.0 29. 5 29.4 29.4 30.1 29.5 30.1 30.4 30.9 .Tune '_'... 32.2 31.2 30. 5 30.1 28.9 27. 6 26.0 20.7 26.1 26.4 20. 5 26.6 20.7 28.1 .Tune :;... 27.6 27.0 27.2 20.7 26.4 20.2 25.6 24.7 26.0 25.1 24. 5 24.5 25.5 25.8 Juno 4... 22.3 21.5 .20.8 20.3 20.0 20.1 20.3 20.2 20.4 21.2 20.0 21.0 24.1 23.8 June 5 .. 29.1 29.3 20.7 25.7 25. 2 '24.9 24.2 23.7 23.2 24.2 25.2 25.8 27.0 28.4 .Tune . . . 34.0 32.4 31.3 31. 5 30.5 31.7 32. 5 33. 5 33.3 34.2 35.2 35.2 36.0 37.2 June 1 ... 39.0 38.3 38.3 35.5 34.0 35.2 31.5 27.8 27.4 29.1 29.5 30.4 31.7 32. G June 8... 31. 3 30. 29.0 29.2 28.4 28.2 28.4 28.8 29.4 29.9 30.1 30.2 31.1 32.0 June 0... 30.1 29.5 28. 5 28.4 27.6 20.4 20.1 25.8 25.8 25.5 25.5 25. 20.3 27.4 Jane 1». .. 32.4 31.7 31.3 29.4 27.0 27.4 27.9 29.1 29.7 30.0 31.1 32.4 33.9 35.1 Juno ] 1. . . 33. 2 30. 29.7 27.8 27.0 20.8 26.6 26.7 26.8 20. 5 27.3 25.1 20.8 27.0 Jonc 12... 30. C 29.7 29.8 29.0 29.3 29. 2 28.6 29.1 29.1 30.1 30.4 29.5 30.2 31.3 Juno l'J . . . 33.3 33.3 33.2 33.0 32.4 32.0 32.1 32.3 32.0 32.8 34.0 35.4 3G. 8 37.4 June 14. .. 33.7 33.3 32.3 32.3 31.7 31.7 32.3 32.5 32. 5 33.2 33.1 33.8 34.2 34.3 Juno 15... 33.3 32.5 31.4 31.0 30.8 31.3 31.4 31.3 31.4 32.0 33.0 33.3 32.9 33.5 June 10... 31.5 31.1 30.6 30.5 30.1 29.8 29.0 29.6 29.9 30.1 30.7 32.5 31.7 32. 3 June 17... 30.1 29. 3 28.4 27.4 20.8 25.2 25.0 26.0 26.9 27.8 28.9 29.6 30.7 31.0 June 1?... 35.2 35. 32.1 29.7 29.4 29.1 28. S 29.4 29.0 30.1 30.8 31.5 30.7 31.2 June 13... 32.2 31.1 30.7 30.2 29.0 29.2 28.4 29.0 28.0 28.5 28. 7 29.0 30.0 31.2 June 20... 31.3 30.1 29.0 28.7 27.6 27.2 27.4 28.0 29.9 29.8 29.5 30.1 31.7 32.4 June 21... 35.9 32. 3 30.7 30.2 29.2 28.8 28.1 27.9 27.2 27.8 27.0 28.8 29.4 30.1 .Tune 22 .. 2S.7 28. 2 28.2 27.3 27.3 27.1 27.4 27.8 27.7 27.3 28.2 29.5 30.3 32.2 June 23... 31.5 28.7 28.0 28. 30.1 30.5 31.3 31.5 31.4 31.5 32.0 32.1 32.5 33.9 June 24. .. 30.8 37.2 35.4 33.0 32.5 32.1 32.3 31.5 31.3 31.5 32.5 33.5 34.3 34.4 Juno 2:>... 37.0 3G.3 35.4 33.9 33.1 31.5 31.3 31.2 31.1 31. G 31.2 32.4 32.5 32.7 June 26... 36.2 35.5 34.5 34.1 33.5 33.1 33.3 33.5 33.5 33.3 33.5 33.9 34.2 34.8 Juno 27. .. 34.5 34.0 34.4 34.2 34.2 34.4 33.9 34.0 33.0 34.1 34.3 33.9 34.3 30.1 Juno 2S... 35.7 35.5 35.0 34.0 34.2 34.4 35.0 35.5 30.6 39.0 41.3 44.5 40.0 49.7 Juno 29... 47. S 40.1 40.3 41.0 40.7 40.3 39.5 39.1 40.1 39.1 37.2 37.4 39.0 39.7 June 30... 40.4 39.9 40.5 38.3 40.1 36.8 30.4 37.5 39.0 38.4 37.7 37.5 37.2 37.4 Means.. 33.25 32.19 31.48 30.75 30.27 29.93 29.73 29.79 29.90 30.40 30. G5 31.19 32.00 32.84 Date. 3 p. m. i p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. 7 p. m. 8 p. m. 9 p. ni. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Max. Mm. Diff. 1SS3. Juno 1 . . . 31.0 32.1 33.2 34.0 34.2 34.4 33.3 33.1 32.5 32.0 31. 25 34.8 27.9 0.9 Juno 2... 28.5 28.8 30.3 32.0 31.8 31.5 30.2 30.4 29.8 28.9 29.02 33.0 24.5 8.5 Juno 3 . . . 25.9 20.7 27.4 20.9 26.4 25.0 24.9 23.4 23.1 22.7 25.66 30.7 20.9 9.8 Juno 4 . . . 20.5 25.9 26.1 28.1 27.6 30.1 28.3 28.7 ~~28.1 28.1 23.92 ■ 30.2 1S.2 12.0 Juno 5 . . . 30.7 33.9 35. 6 36.2 3G. 37.1 37.1 - 36.0 35.8 35.2 29.87 38.1 22. 7 15.4 June 0... 38.0 38. 38.6 37.8 37.9 37.4 37.4 37.8 38.3 39.9 35. 43 39.4 28.2 . 11.2 Juno 7... 33.5 33. G 34.2 33.9 34.4 34.2 33.6 32.7 32.8 31.9 33.13 39.4 2G.2 13.2 June 8... 32.2 32. 7 33.3 32.8 32.8 32. S 32.2 31.5 31.2 30.7 30.78 33.4 27.0 6.4 June 9... 28. 5 29.3 30.5 31.5 31.9 32.0 31.8 32.0 32.1 32.5 28.78 32.5 24.2 8.3 June 10. .. 34.0 35.2 35.4 35.4 34.6 34.6 33.9 33.9 33.7 33.9 32. 28 36.3 23.7 10.0 Juno 11... 30.4 30.7 31.7 32.0 31.3 31.4 32.1 32.1 30.9 30.5 29.23 34.9 24.7 10.2 Juno 12... 31.8 32.9 33.5 34.2 34.2 34.7 33.9 33.7 34.0 33.5 31.37 35.4 27.5 7.9 Juno 13... 37.9 38.4 38.5 37.8 36.0 36.0 35.4 34.4 34.1 33.6 34.70 38.9 30.8 8.1 June 14. .. 34. G 35.4 35.6 35.4 35.4 35.4 35.4 35.2 34.4 33.7 33.81 35. G 30.5 5.1 Juno 15... 33.8 34.5 34.6 34.0 33.7 33.9 33.5 32.8 32. 5 31.9 32. 73 34.9 29.8 5.1 June 10... 33.9 34. 33.9 33.9 33.7 33.5 33.1 33.1 31.7 30.8 31.70 35.5 28.3 7.2 Jnne 17. .. 32.5 33. 7 34.6 34.0 34.2 35.2 34.5 34.0 34.0 35. G 30.77 35.7 23. G 12.1 June 18... 32.3 32. 32.8 33.0 33.7 34.2 34.1 34.0 33.4 32.7 31.89 3G.2 27.3 8.9 June 19. .. 32.3 33.2 34.7 35.4 35.4 35.5 35.0 34.4 32.6 31.8 31.53 35.5 26.5 9.0 Juno 20. .. 33.5 35. 35.9 36.4 30. 9 37.2 34.1 33.9 33.9 35.8 31.91 37.4 25.0 11.8 June. 21... 30.4 30.8 30.1 30. 5 31.3 31.0 30.7 30.0 29.8 29.0 29.90 35.8 25.7 10.1 June 22 . . . 32.9 32.7 33.5 33.9 33.9 33.5 32.5 32.1 31.8 31.8 30.24 34.0 25.4 8. G June 2::. .. ::4.:: 34.4 35.4 36.2 35.7 35.5 35.6 35.5 30.2 35.2 32.82 36.1 2G. 10.1 June 24. .. 35.2 35.0 35.0 36.0 36.9 37.2 37.0 37.4 30.8 36.8 34.70 37.3 30.1 7.2 June 25. .. 32. 6 33.5 34.3 34.7 35.6 36.8 36.4 36.2 36.1 35.7 33.88 30.7 30.0 G.7 June 20... 35. 3 35. 6 35.8 30.2 30.2 35.9 35.3 35.0 34.3 34.3 34. 02 30.3 32.0 4.3 Jnne 27 . . . 3G.3 36.5 36. 37.0 30.9 36. 5 35.9 35.7 35.2 35.5 35. 08 37.2 32.5 4.7 June 28... 50.4 40.1 39.3 37.9 37.1 36.4 37.3 38.5 40.7 46. G 39.27 50.9 33.2 17.7 June 29... 39.4 40.3 48.1 49.5 39.2 39.8 41.2 41.8 43.7 42. 2 41. 13 50.4 35.5 14.9 June 30. .. 37.3 38.0 38.0 38.0 37.2 37.9 37.2 37.2 38.0 37.2 33. 07 42. S 3t.O 8.2 Means.. " 33. S4 34.59 34.86 34.40 34.55 34.10 33. 90 33. 72 33. 67 32. 32 30. 84 27. 50 9.34 248 EXPEDITION TO POINT mEROW, ALASKA. Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 18S1, to August, 1883— Continued. [Height of the thermometer sftove the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time. — j hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. rn. la. m. 5 a. m. 6 a. m. 7 a. m. 8 a. rn. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a. rn. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p. m. 1883. July 1 ... 30. 4 35.2 34.4 34.1 33.7 33.9 33.2 32.5 32.6 33.6 35.1 34.9 35.0 35.4 July 2 ... 34.9 34.5 34.0 33.9 34.8 33.7 33.3 33.1 33. 2 33.6 33.9 34.9 34.6 35.4 July 3 ... 30.3 35.6 35.3 35.0 35.0 35.2 35.3 35.3 3l!o 35.4 36.5 38.7 41.1 40.4 July 4 . . . 39.1 39.2 38.1 37.5 36.2 36.0 35. S 35.6 35.7 35.9 37.4 37.5 37.4 37.8 Jul y 5 ... 35.2 34.8 35.1 34.0 33.9 33.5 33.4 33.' 7 33.5 34.0 34.9 35.3 35.2 35.7 July 6 ... 34.3 34.1 33.9 33.7 33.3 33.2 33.7 34.0 34.6 34.5 34.6 34.8 35.2 35.5 July 7 ... 42.9 38.4 37.6 37.5 37.1 37.0 37.8 38.0 41.5 43.3 44.8 45.8 46.9 48.3 July 8 ... 51.2 50.3 47.8 47.3 45.8 45.3 40.3 36.2 35.2 35.1 35.4 35.9 34.7 34.1 July 9 ... 36.2 37.2 33.0 38.1 35.0 35.6 32.9 36.2 39.3 38.8 36.4 37.4 37.6 37.3 July 10 . . . 31.5 30.7 30.2 30.1 29. G 29.8 30.0 30.2 30.5 31.2 32.4 33.8 34.4 35.5 July 11 ... 38.5 38.7 38.9 35.8 35.2 36.3 36.9 37.4 38.3 38.0 37.9 38.2 37.6 37.8 July 12 ... 35.9 34.6 34.5 34.2 33.9 33.9 33.7 33.5 33.9 34.1 33.9 34.1 34.2 34.3 July 13 ... 30.5 36.1 34.5 35.0 33.9 34.3 34.5 34.7 34.7 35.2 34.5 34.4 36.6 35.9 July 14 ... 35.5 36.5 34.1 33.3 32.1 32.3 34.9 36.4 33.4 33.8 34.9 36.0 35.7 35.4 July 15 ... 35.9 7.4 35.3 34.6 34.4 34.4 34.2 34.0 33.5 34.5 33.7 34.1 34.6 34.7 July 1G . - . 34.1 33.9 33.9 33.6 33.3 33.5 33.5 33.0 33.0 33.9 32.6 34.4 35.2 36.1 July 17 ... 33.1 32.1 31.8 30.5 29.4 29.4 29.6 30.7 32.5 32.8 32.2 36.3 36.9 38.8 July 18 ... 38.9 39.9 37.9 37.8. 36.0 37.2 37.4 39.5 41.5 42.5 44.3 45.2 47.3 39.9 July 19 . . . 48.2 41.0 43.3 44.0 37.4 37.9 38.3 38.8 40.4 41.8 37.5 43.0 42.7 43.2 July 20 ... 37.9 36.5 30.2 36.3 35.8 35.5 35.2 35.2 35.1 35.4 35.7 36.6 36.3 30.2 July 21 ... 34.5 33.9 33.2 40.4 32.3 32.3 32.5 32.6 32.3 40.4 33.1 34.0 34.4 34.8 July 22 . . . 33.7 32.8 32.5 32.2 31.3 30.9 31.1 31.6 31.7 32.0 32.3 33.5 34.7 36.1 July 23 . . . 32.0 34.5 34.0 31.5 30.1 29.2 29.2 29.1 30.8 32.5 32.1 32.0 32.4 32.5 July 24 ... 31.5 31.1 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.0 29.4 28.8 29.1 29.9 31.1 32.3 35.4 July 25 ... 40.8 40.8 39.3 35.9 35.4 33.5 33.1 35.8 36.5 38.3 36.4 34.9 35.2 39.5 July 26 . . . 39.8 35.6 33.2 32.2 31.7 31.3 31.1 31.3 32.9 33.5 34.9 37.1 37.9 39.4 July 27 ... 39.3 38.9 37.9 36.5 34.6 34.0 34.4 35.4 36.9 37.3 37.6 38.3 38.6 39.3 July 28 . . . 30.3 35.4 34.5 34.4 33.9 33.1 32.7 33.1 33.9 30.4 36.9 37.2 87.4 37.6 July 29 . . . 32.2 32.2 31,6 31.1 30.5 29.8 29.4 29.4 29.7 31.1 30.8 30.5 31.2 32.5 July 39 ... 32.0 31.9 31.1 30.6 30.1 30.1 29.6 29.4 28.9 29.4 29.3 29.4 30.2 31.1 July 31 . . . 35.0 34.7 33.6 32.3 29.7 29.2 29.3 29.0 29.1 29.2 30.1 30.4 31.6 36.29 33.4 Means.. 36.80 30.08 35.22 34.95 33.73 33.60 33.43 33.70 34.15 35.05 34. SO 35.80 36.75 Date. o p. m. 1S83. July 1 July 2 July 3 July 4 July 5 July 6 July 7 Jnlv 8 July 9 Julv 10 July 11 July 12 July 13 July 14 July 15 July 10 July 17 Jnlv 18 July 19 July 20 July 21 July 22 July 23 July 24 July 25 July 26 July 27 July 28 July 29 July 30 July 31 M< ans. 34.6 36.4 39.9 38.5 36.1 37.6 50.4 34.7 36.2 36.7 38.0 35.1 35.1 36.7 35.2 36.7 39.5 40.5 43.4 36.2 35.6 30.0 33.1 35.1 41.1 40.0 40.0 38.0 32.6 32.2 35.5 4 p. m. 34.2 30.7 38.7 38.0 35.2 37.9 52.3 35.5 35.1 37.1 38.4 37.4 35.2 30.9 30.0 37.0 42.3 40.7 43.2 37.1 35.4 30.4 33.4 34.4 36.6 39.9 40.4 39. 1 32.9 33. 5 30.0 5 p. m. 33.9 36.0 38.3 39 9 35.4 40.2 51.7 36.9 34.4 39.3 38.3 36.0 36.1 37.6 36.2 37.8 41.8 41.5 43.0 36.6 35.7 36.2 33.9 34.7 37.4 41.4 40.7 39.6 33.3 33.9 36.9 a. m. 33.9 37.7 37.9 37.6 35.4 40.4 50.2 36.7 35.1 40.1 38.6 36.7 36.6 -37.7 36.4 38.3 41.2 40.3 39.6 36.4 35.8 35.7 34.2 35. 1 37.4 42.2 40.6 39.8 33.0 34.4 37. 6 7 p.m. S p. m. 9 p. m. 34.4 35.4 39.3 38.1 36.0 42.5 50.5 36.4 35.4 40.1 38.6 36.2 37.2 38.3 37.2 39. 5 39.6 40.0 41.6 30.7 36.0 35.9 34.4 35.6 37.2 40.7 40.3 40.5 33.9 35.6 36.6 37. 33 37. 57 37. 83 35.9 39.0 40.2 37.8 36.4 42. 2 5L2 36.9 35.4 40.6 38.3 36.1 36.3 37.5 37.0 38.3 39.1 41.2 41.5 37.8 36.6 36.8 35.4 36.4 36.4 40.7 40.1 40.0 34.1 36.4 36.4 38. 09 38.34 35.1 38.7 38.8 37.9 37.2 43.5 52.8 35.9 34.1 40.8 37.7 35.9 38.2 37.7 36.8 36.8 38.3 42.8 39.2 38.5 36.0 35.3 35.4 38.6 30.4 40.4 39.4 38.3 33.7 36.4 36.6 38.17 10 p. m. 35.1 37.9 39.5 37.5 37.4 42.6 52.5 36.1 33.8 39.7 37.4 36.1 36. 5 38.1 35.9' 36.2 38.4 43.0 40.4 37.0 35.5 34.6 34.3 39.5 38.5 40.1 39.3 35.8 33.5 35,5 36.5 37.88 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. 34.9 36.3 40.3 36.2 36.3 41.7 52.0 35.3 32.5 38.3 37.6 35.6 37.2 37.4 35.0 35.3 38.4 44.5 40.0 36.0 35.2 33.9 33.6 40.3 38.8 39. 9 38.8 35.0 33.1 35.4 35.6 35.0 37.1 39.3 35.5 34.8 40.7 53.2 35.1 31.9 38.3 36.5 35.4 37.4 37.2 34.5 34.1 39.0 42.8 40.1 34.9 34.2 33.7 32.5 40.6 39.0 39.8 38.4 33.0 32.4 35.7 35. 2 34.40 35.38 37.58 37.37 35.10 37.03 45.57 38. S2 35. 65 34.62 37.70 34.97 35.69 35.81 35.25 35. 22 35.57 40.97 41.23 30. 30 34.89 33.81 32.61 33.34 37.26 36.90 38.21 36. 33 31.85 32.17 33.30 Mas. 38.7 39.6 42.2 40.2 37.5 43.9 53.1 53.2 39.4 41.2 39.7 37.5 37.6 38.9 37.9 39.1 41.2 48.3 48.7 40.9 37.2 37.8 35.6 40.2 41.3 42. 2 41.3 40.9 34.5 36.3 37.6 Min. 31.4 31.9 33.4 33.8 32.0 32.0 35.8 32.9 30.7 28.3 33.7 32 5 32.5 30.4 32.3 31.9 28.0 34.2 34.8 34.0 31.0 29.4 27.4 27.7 30.8 29.8 32.3 31. S 27.9 27.3 27.7 Diff. .43 37.01 30.17 40.70 I 31.28 7.3 7.7 8.8 G.4 5.5 11.9 17.3 20.3 8.7 12.9 6.0 5.0 5.1 8.5 5.6 7.2 13.2 14.0 13.9 0.9 6.2 8.4 S.2 12.5 10.5 12.4 9.0 9.1 6.6 9.0 9.9 9.48 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAPPOW, ALASKA. 249 Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. Jlii.ulit of the tlieinuiinetei' above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time,- 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. 1 a. m. 2 a. ii'. 3 a. m. 4 a. in. 5 a. r.i. a. m. 7 a. in. 8 a. m. a. in. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 m. lp.jon, 2 p. ra. 1883. Aug. 1 ... 34.2 34.4 34.0 33.9 33.5 33.3 33.0 33. 2 33.1 33. 3 33.0 33. 7 34.4 85. 4 Aug. 2 ... 34. 9 34. 5 34.2 34.0 33.9 33. 5 33.7 34.0 34.2 34.9 33.4 30. 1 37. U 38.3 Aug. :i ... 30.3 35.7 34.9 34.8 35.0 34.2 33.9 31. 33.6 33.9 35.0 37.1 38. 4 38. 5 Aug. 4 ... 30. 4 35.0 34.9 34.4 35. 2 35. 5 35. 4 35. 4 35. 2 35. 4 36. 30. 4 37.9 38.0 Aug. 5 ... 35.7 35.1 34.6 33.9 33.3 32.7 32. 9 33.5 33.9 34.4 35. 35. 2 35.0, 35. K Aug. o ... 35.0 34. 5 34.2 33.9 33.9 34.0 34.1 34. 4 34. 'J 34.1 34.4 34.0 34.1! 34. Aug. 1 ... 33.5 33.0 33.3 33.5 33.5 33.6 33.7 33.7 33.5 33.6 34.4 35. 2 37. 0( 38. 2 Aug. 8... 39.9 41.0 43.2 43.0 43.9 43.6 44.0 44.0 45.0 45.0 46.4 47.9 50. 3 10.2 Aug. 9... 52. S 50.0 40.4 44.4 43.4 42.8 42.2 42.2 44.0 40.9 48.9 50.3 54. 1 58. 1 Aug. 10 . . . 44.1 42.3 39.4 38.1 38.0 38.1 3*3 39.5 42.2 41.8 . 45. 2 48.0 51.7 49. 9 Aug. 11 - . - 42.2 40.4 39.1 40.5 40.2 41.0 38.5 38.5 37.7 37.9 37.5 38.9 39.8 45.1 Aug. 12 . . . 40.5 46.7 49.0 48.9 46.2 45.0 43.2 42.6 41.7 41.8 42.2 41.8 43.9 40.2 Aug. Ill ... 37.9 39.8 40.3 40.1 40.5 40.6 40.5 39.1 3S.3 39.3 39.3 39.1 37.0 36.8 Aug. 14 ... 34.4 34.5 34.2 34.0 34.2 34.2 34.0 34.0 32.4 33.0 34.1 35.2 37.3 39.0 Aug. 15 . . . 40.5 39.3 36.1 35. 8 34.2 33.9 33.3 32.5 33.2 35.0 37.3 38.8 41.8 ■ 44.5 Aug. 1 (i . . . 47.3 45. 5 44.8 43.0 43.4 42.6 42. G 40,6 38.1 37.9 37.2 38.1 37.2 37.2 Aug. 17 ... 38.0 37.1 36.6 36.2 36.1 36.2 36.2 36.2 34.0 33.1 32.9 34.0 , 34.4 35.4 Aug. 18 . . . 39.9 37.4 36.4 36.0 37.0 37.4 37.6 37.1 35.2 33.8 33.6 34.6 34.2 34.4 Aug. 19 ... 31.0 30. 8 30.3 29.6 29.4 29.2 28.0 28.2 27.5 28.1 28.0 27.0 28.2 28.2 Aug. 20... 29.4 28.7 29.0 29.4 30.1 30.2 30.1 30.1 30.3 30.3 30.1 29.9 30.3 30. 5 Aug. 21 ... 29.8 29.2 29.2 28.7 28.6 27.9 27.0 27.2 27.1 26.4 20.4 26. 4 2G. 1 25.9 Aug. 22 . . . 25.6 25.1 25.2 25.2 24.9 24. S 24.7 24.5 24.6 25.4 26.4 26.7 27.3 27.6 Aug. 23... 34.6 34.1 34.2 34.0 34.3 34.7 34.9 35.7 36.2 36.4 37.0 36.6 36.4 , 37.1 Aug. 24 . . . 38.4 38.1 37.9 37.6 38.1 38.3 39.1 39.3 38.6 38.4 37.9 36.0 34.2 33.9 Aug. 25 ... 27.1 26.6 26.9 27.2 27.4 . 20.4 27.2 37.4 27.3 27.7 27.5 29.7 29.4 30.3 Aug. 20... 40.1 40.3 43.3 44.0 44.4 42.7 39.5 39.8 39.1 37.9 36.0 34.6 33.5 33.7 Aug. 27*.. 29.7 29.1 29.0 28.4 29.0 28.5 28.8 28.6 29.1 29.4 30.0 30.6 32.0 33.0 Means .. 30.86 36.23 33. 97 35.65 35.61 35. 35 35.10 35.01 34. 70 35.03 35.49 36.04 36.80 37.45 Date. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. re. 6 p. m. 7 p. m. 8 p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily mean's. Max. Min. Dirf. 1883. Aug. 1 ... 35.6 36.4 36.2 36.4 36.9 37.9 37.4 37.4 36.4 35.8 34.98 38.1 32.0 (i. 1 .Aug. 2... 38.9 39.5 39.9 40.3 40.0 40.0 38.6 39.0 38.3 37.4 . 36.71 40.6 32. S. 6 Aug. 3... 38.1 39.3 39.7 40.6 40.7 40.1 40.0 39.3 38.1 37.7 37.01 40.9 32.5 8.4 Aug. 4... 37.9 38.8 38.7 38.3 38.8 38.1 37.7 37.4 37.0 36.4 30.08 39.1 33. 4 5.7 Aug. 5 . . . 30.0 36.7 37.4 38.3 37.9 38.3 37.4 36.4 35.8 35.8 35.48 38.5 31.3 7.2 Aug. 0... 34.8 36.0 36.1 36.5 36.0 30. 35.0 34.4 33.8 33.3 " 34.64 30.7 32.1 4.6 Aug. 7... 40.2 41.5 42.6 44.3 45.3 40.9 45.2 44.4 42.5 42.5 38.13 4S.7 32. 16.7 Aug. 8 ... 44.5 43.8 44.9 44.3 42.8 42.3 47.4 48.9 54.7 54.9 45. 52 54.0 38.8 15.8 Aug. 9... 60.3 57.0 57.2 CO. 5 57.5 54.7 52.9 50.6 50.1 46.7 SO.til «0.5 40.5 20.0 Aug. 10 . . . 53.2 54.0 50.7 46.3 43.8 47.8 45.1 43.6 43.4 42.6 44.46 57. 1 36.5 20.6 Aug.ll... 47.0 47.7' 48.1 49.2 48.3 44.4 47.3 45.5 48.1 46.4 42.89 49.7 36.2 13.5 Aug. 12 ... 49.9 52.3 52.4 45.0 41.2 41.2 39.4 40.0 39.5 3S. 9 44.40 53.5 37.7 15.8 Aug. 13 ... 37.4 37.0 36.7 37.0 37.4 36.9 35.4 34.7 35.0 34.5 37.04 40.9 33.4 7. 5 Aug. 14 ... 40.0 38.8 39.3 40.4 40.4 41.0 41.0 43.0 40.8 40.3 37.06 43.8 31.2 12.0 Aug. 15 ... 47.2 43.2 49.4 45.7 47.7 46.4 43.5 43.6 46.5 46.5 40.00 50.9 31.0 19.9 Aug. 16 . . . 37.0 37.7 36.7 37.4 37.9 40.4 41.3 40.6 39.1 39.0 40.11 48.2 35.5 12.7 Aug. 17 ... 37.7 37.8 38.0 39.5 40.2 41.9 42.0 43.3 43.1 4L. 2 37. 55 44.8 31.8 13.0 Aug. 18 .-.. 34.8 34.0 33.5 32.7 32.5 32.0 32.5 32.3 32.2 31.7 34.70 42.8 30.3 12.5 Aug. 19 . . . 23.4 28.7 28.7 28.3 29.2 29.0 29.2 29.6 29.1 29.4 28.95 32.0 20.2 5.8 Aug. 20 . . . 30.8 31.2 31.0 30.3 30.2 30.1 30.1 29.9 30.0 29.9 30.10 31.0 27.2 3.8 Aug. 21 ... 26.4 25.9 27.2 27.6 27.8 27.7 27.8 27.5 27.1 20.6 27.42 31.2 24. ' 7.2 Aug. 22 ... 30.0 31.1 32.0 32.7 33.5 34.5 34.0 84.4 34.4 34.6 28. 36 35.4 22.4 13. Aug. 23... 37.9 37.9 38.3 39.5 38.8 39.4 39.2 39.3 38.8 38.1 34.06 40.4 32.6 7.8 Aug. 24 . . . 33.8 34.0 33.7 32.6 32.4 31.9 30.5 29.1 28.3 28.2 36.81 39.4 26.8 , 12.0 Aug. 25 . . . 31.0 32.4 33.7 35.0 36.4 38.1 39.6 39.9 39.9 39.9 35.01 40.3 25.2 15.1 Aug. 26 . . . 33.7 33. 5 33.1 32.3 31.9 32.0 31.5 31.0 30.5 30.3 31.44 44.4 28.5- 15.9 Aug. 27*.. 34.4 36.2 38.8 40.3 41.3 42.4 43.2 43.7 41.6 40. 3t 36.20 44.8 27.2 17.0 Means . . 38.43 • 38.03 30.04 38.94 38.79 38.94 38.67 38.47 38.30 37.74 36.97 43. 27 31.42 11.85 * Station abandoned August 27, 1883. t Approximated. Temperature observations at Uglaamie, Alaska. Month. 1881. November . . . December Whole period. 1882. January February. ...-. March ■April , Mean. Max. Miu. Range. — 0.05 -17. 96 — 9.00 30.4 11.5 30.4 -15. 49 20. 3 -23. 16 — 2. 3 - 4. 55 22. 8 - 4. 30 32. 3 -28.0 -52.0 58.4 64.1 -52.6 83.0 -45.6 -52.5 -30.4 -23.5 65.9 50.2 53.2 55.8 Month. 1882. May June July August September . . . October November . . . December Whole period. Mean. Max. Min. Eange. 21.99 37.0 — 1.7 38.7 34. 52 53.5 24.5 29.0 43. 21 65.5 27.1 38.4 37.86 58.9 26.6 32.3 31.46 51.3' 19.5 31.8 8.77 40.7 —21.8 62.5 — 7.12 28.8 -35.5 C4.3 —17. 10 8.0 —42.0 50.0 8.83 65.5 —52.5 118.0 Mouth. 18S3. January February March .'. April May June July August* Whole period Mean. Max. Min. \ Kange. —16.9 — 6.32 —13.31 — 2. 76 23. 25 32.32 30.17 36.97 11.17 12.3 24.4 20.2 16.0 37.8 50.9 53. 2 60.5 60.5 41.8 34.3 51.4 29.0 —14. 18.2 27.3 22. 4 54.1 58.7 77.6 45.0 51. 8 32 7 25i9 38.1 111. H. Ex. 44 32 * August for 27 days only. 250 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October. 1881, to August. 1SS3. f Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Pate. a 8 ci a a S ci SB ci a ci a ci a © a ci CM a us A »— a A i © w g A CN — a .« cs fi = 1881. Oct. 18 88 87 90 84 8S 85 97 97 96 95 93 96 94 90 87 85 85 SS 87 88 86 88 92 92 89.9 Oct. 19 88 88 84 86 85 84 88 90 90 92 92 88 93 93 93 97 96 97 96 95 96 illi 97 90 91.0 Oct. 20 96 96 96 92 90 95 95 94 90 98 92 93 94 95 »2 87 89 es 89 90 89 ^7 87 93 JW.fl Oct. 21 92 87 91 72 92 92 93 92 91 92 91 93 90 87 88 88 - 88 89 91 92 92 92 90 89 89.7 Oct. 22 90 91 90 91 S9 89 90 90 90 90 90 87 88 90 86 84 84 80 88 SS 86 100 s 77 84 88. a Oct. 23 91 SS 79 74 91 91 83 S3 85 S3 84 84 SI 82 80 88 82 89 89 89 88 86 85 85 85.2 Oct. 24 81 84 83 82 91 77 80 84 84 80 85 86 88 88 78 80 77 79 80 82 84 S4 81 87 82.9 Oct. 25 87 86 88 87 85 87 85 85 85 S2 80 78 76 78 80 85 78 87 87 87 87 80 82 85 83.6 Oct. 2U 87 80 84 84 82 SI 86 8fi 85 87 83 86 80 86 79 81 80 79 79 79 79 83 81 74 82.7 Oct. 27 83 70 82 86 82 82 82 81 80 84 82 79 79 75 85 85 81 73 78 86 89 84 81 76 81.2 Oct. 28 74 73 75 70 74 79 82 83 87 100* 90 86 89 SS 88 86 87 88 88 90 84 88 84 80 84.1 Oct. 29 76 83 82 83 88 85 87 87 88 87 89 S9 87 89 88 85 72 87 S7 86 so 91 88 87 85.7 Oct. 30 88 94 94 89 89 93 88 87 85 89 88 85 87 83 85 86 88 80 81 78 80 83 82 88 86.5 Oct, 31 84 88 84 86 88 86 85 84 81 84 83 82 81 85 89 82 84 88 88 85 80 85 S5 88 85.0 Means SJ. 80.2 85. 8 83.7 86. 7 86.3 87.2 87.3 87.3 S9.2 87.2 S6.5 80.6 80.3 86.0 85.0 S3. 6 86.0 SO. 2 80.7 80.5 87.0 85.1 86.0, SO. 3 1881. 85.° Nor. 1 88 SS 88 88 89 SS 95 S7 77 86 ~2 S6 80 84 82 84 S4 86 86 86 84 84 74 79 Nov. 2 80 SO SO 80 86 84 82 SO 84 84 8-1 8G 86 85 87 87 80 84 84 81 85 85 83 87 847 Nov. 3 84 84 84 84 81 81 85 St 81 81 87 82 82 81 82 80 80 SO 80 82 82 85 82 86 82. 3 Nov. 4 79 83 S3 80 85 85 8a 85 82 82 83 83 81 75 87 80 82 82 86 85 85 84 91 75 82. *> Nov. 5 76 77 80 80 82 82 76 84 86 91 94 90 90 93 86 83 87 87 83 87 90 90 80 87 85.0 Nov. 6 90 97 100 90 96 88 84 82 83 S3 78 88 87 100 96 96 89 85 96 93 97 97 96 92 91. a Nov. 7 96 S7 no 90 no sn 93 no 96 78 68 83 86 80 82 87 88 92 88 92 96 96 96 96 89.2 Nov. 8 85 96 96 96 96 96 100 97 93 79 100 97 93 97 96 96 90 96 96 97 96 97 90 97 !»4.9 Nov. 9 90 90 87 90 90 94 91 88 88 85 94 90 94 91 91 91 89 91 88 91 83 89 91 86 89.6 Nov. 10 85 91 84 93 90 93 97 90 n3 96 97 87 87 83 80 90 90 90 no 97 97 90 90 93 90.7 Nov. 11 93 93 93 93 93 96 89 S9 83 80 70 81 7G 86 86 76 76 71 57 57 5G 49 46f 43 76.5 Nov. 12 50 43 59 59 53 60 58 57 58 58 53 55 55 57 35 46 52 42 52 68 08 61 61 60 55.2 Nov. 13 SO 80 58 05 04 64 53 69 70 68 53 53 70 64 61 61 48 45 46 45 49 42 62 43 5S.8 Nov. 14 50 70 1 1 81 88 97 85 88 84 68 on 69 S3 75 66 78 81 72 85 90 86 87 85 85 79.3 Nov. 15 86 S4 84 80 90 88 90 91 88 91 88 91 91 94 93 93 89 86 90 89 89 87 84 88 SS. 7 Nov. 10 82 84 8S 87 90 86 83 82 83 80 79 76 81 89 94 94 94 91 91 91 90 96 76 76 85.9 Nov. 17 7M 74 04 64 55 61 59 50 80 63 63 63 04 47 84 84 54 32 76 87 92 100" 100* 96 70.3 Nov. 18 97 93 93 93 no 96 96 96 96 96 96 93 93 93 90 90 86 77 74 74 67 80 87 88 89.1 Nov. 19 84 81 88 88 91 94 86 89 87 79 83 73 85 83 82 83 82 84 84 87 82 79 79 89 84.3 Nov. 20 88 88 90 87 94 85 87 94 nt 87 S7 87 90 90 90 90 91 96 90 86 88 87 S5 84 88.9 Nov. 21 85 8S 82 82 85 85 87 92 — 91 91 82 78 100 100 76 79 79 83 86 91 S2 87 90 83.6 Nov. 22 96 90 96 89 96 88 79 79 78 71 58 47 48 47 55 57 63 03 69 67 75 67 73 79 72.3 Nov. 23 72 73 72 51 on 75 . 74 42 38 45 43 36 32 41 54 47 40 46 51 49 49 49 52 63 58.2 Nov. 24 75 70 74 76 70 76 76 70 70 67 72 82 82 75 72 76 72 07 68 69 S7 87 78 79 75.5 Nov. 25 63 73 74 75 92 86 83 93 83 81 81 -81 88 88 89 100 78 78 80 80 77 77 84 85 82. 1 STor. 20 85 85 88 80 87 87 84 72 83 83 85 86 88 82 88 77 75 76 86 87 S7 S7 80 77 83.3 Nov. 27 80 78 83 83 80 81 75 78 83 SI 82 85 S3 83 78 SI 80 81 100 85 84 86 89 SS S3. 6 Nor. 28 85 85 84 84 84 82 70 79 81 83 80 SO 85 82 84 85 83 86 86 SS S9 87 86 81 83. G Nov. 29 80 81 84 84 87 90 90 90 89 87 87 86 84 85 84 80 80 84 82 86 88 86 88 82 85.4 Nov. 30 84 81 so 84 82. G 87 SI. 93 89 83.0 90 89 85 96 89 79.0 93 87 97 100* 86 75 76.8 80 86 77 82.2 S9 87 84 81.4 87.2 Moans 81.6 83.1 83.1 83.0 82.7 82.6 79.6 79.6 80.7 80.7 SI. 7 8J.G 78.8 76.9 81.6 S2.0 81.4 81.4 ~ Wet bulb read higher than dry bulb. f Interpolated. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 251 Table showing the moisture of the air (it Uglaamie from October, 1881, to Avrjust, 1883 — Continued. (TTtMnlit of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. Washington meantime. Collection reduced to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. g ci a a 5 cj a cj a ci so 5 C3 a cj a" ci a ■M a p, a CI a p. C3 S a" Pi 13 t> A P. a P. a p. a p\ CM pa 1881. Dec. l 92 79 78 83 70 93 74 93 90 90 S3 74 89 75 90 77 81 84 S2 82 83 84 85 87 83.6 Dee. 2 02 88 87 86 84 03 82 88 SO 84 87 87 84 84 78 40 88 84 77 S8 85 84 97 10c* 84.7 Dec. :: 83 80 80 83 85 88 92 83 87 90 97 93 100* 96 88 73 76 00 60 53 51 56 51 55 78.2 Dec. 4 CI 3:j 00 50 01 51 54 63 68 57 58 53 50 51 76 66 70 75 76 81 82 78 79 83 05.2 Dec. 5 711 80 92 92 92 92 88 80 84 SI 79 83 71 87 65 65 04 100* 05 50 50 51 52 59 75.2 Dec. u 59 59 57 09 5i 57 48 43 50 05 71 67 72 77 S3 83 79 67 83 S3 88 92 89 84 70.1 Dec. 7 73 75 S3 89 88 79 83 77 78 83 79 79 84 S3 92 92 89 92 96 96 96 96 92- 79 85.7 Dec. 8 83 79 SO 83 71 78 83 78 62 60 60 58 42 56 49 49 44 50 47 50 63 51 58 43 61.8 Dec. li 43 f 48 47 46 1 45 1 50t 59 57 54 71 80 01 63 60 73 52 50 70 81 861 92 84 84 81 65.4 Dec. 10 83 83 80 SI SI so 84 83 82 88 91 91 88 91 91 81 85 7t 83 83 89 so T4 73 83.7 Dec. 11 7.1 84 02 92 78 73 52 00 06 61 65 60 66 62 67 67 C6 70 77 83 88 88 81 89 73.3 Dec. 12 77 87 97 84 79 82 G7 05 44 44 48 47 47 43 50 50 52 64 52 63 43 48 47 47 59.5 Dec. 13 fit 48 42 53 50 51 47 51 100* 58 03 56 58 51 51 55 48 48 53 52 53 52 57 581 55.0 Dec. It UO 40 40 51 51 40 41 54 54 49 42 42 4t 48 44 46 44 54 59 04 58 54 54 53 1 49.5 Dec. IT. 32 32 58 59 07 50 52 54 54 00 06 66 72 71 71 72 71 81 71 80 SO 71* 64 49 G4. 7 Dec. 10 3') 00 01 01 59 58 100* 100* 100' 59 55 53 1 51 57 50 50 50 43 48 48 46 41 52 48 58.3 Dec. 17 3.; 3:i 44 44 58 53 51 58 06 03 f ."8 53 53 69 G8 S8 100" 100 * 100* 100 100 100" 100* 100* 72 2 Dec. is 100 lUO' 100* 100* 100* loo 100* 100* 100* 100' 100* 100' 100* 100* 100* 100* 100* 100* 100" 100 100* 100" 100* 100 1 00.0 Dec. 1!) 100" 100* 10O- 100* 100* 100' 100* 100 \ 100} 100' 100; 100; I00J 100: 100; 100* 100: 10o; 101.1 ; 100* 100?, 100* 100* 100* 100.0 Der. 20 100* I'm 100- 100* 100* ll.HI 100" inn loo-- ioo ; - 100" loo* 100* 100' 100" 100" 100' 100" 100 100" 100 100- 100* 100* 100.0 Dec. 21 100" 100" 100* 100'' 100* 100* 100* 100* 100* 100* 100* 100* 100* 100 100* 100* 100 100 100*! 100* 100 100 100* 100* 100.0 Dec. 22 100* ICO- 1 CO- 100* 100* 100* 100* 100 100* 100* 100" 100 100* 100* 100* 86 07 88 100* 100 100 100- 100* 100* 97.5 Der. 23 100 100 lOO 100 100* 100* 76 7S 79 70 1 00 47 47 47 55 53 69 53 58 59 50 70 81 33 70.5 Dec. 24 3:; 33 :>:: 33 40 40 53 59 55 02 09 07 SO 88 9tt 100* 100 1001 100* 100 100' 100' 100* 100 73.1 Dec. 25 78 so OH SO 90 90. 61 49 47 651 78 56 51 47 68 61 01 58 51 CC G6 06 65 50 64.7 Dec. 20 44 38 3S 40 34 40 52 32 53 47 49 52 46 50 50 47 55 50 01 50 52 41 57 54 48.2 Dec. 27 00 51 51 51 52 51 62 43 4G 58 54 58 49 66 53 51 50 51 44 37 55 64 58 38 52.2 Dec. 28 :;7 40 i 44 38 45 1 51 57 57 58 07 60 00 54 ei 80 58 45 52 100 100 100 100 100* 100" 65. 2 Dec. 29 100 70 78 58 58 09 89 81 55 05 56 50 27 46 57 51 51 50 48 58 70t 83 82 74 64.0 Dec. 30 00 03 53 54 GG 52 48 48 G3 03 72 77 78 88 89 85 86 87 87 97 89 74 ii 91 73.1 Dee. 3i so 81 7T0" 81 80 72,8 81 83 72. 2 100* 78 85 86 80 71.2 8-3 83 84 82 loo 100* 100 100* 100* 87 100* 82 88.2 Means. 70 9 72.7 7i i 72. 8 72.9 72. 1 73.3 69.0 72.2 74.7 70. 3 72.0 74.5 70.1 7,7 7S.5 77.3 7S.S 74. 5 73.6 1882. Jan. 1 85 88 85 85 90 SS 91 90 96 88 96 87 S2 82 76 78 77 87 76 74 75 63 04 04 81.9 .Tan. 2 59 0! 07 05 0.3 67 54 07 65 50 49 50 55 46 47 55 58 55 58 46 53 53 36 OG 56.2 Jan. IS .1(1 5t 01 01 55 56 50 52 52 57 69 68 68 01 56 01 50 62 08 62 62 61 59 58 58. 7 Jan. I 30 3li D8 GO 00 75 65 64 71 70 70 G8 08 70 70 71 80 63 G3 72 63 63 90 70 07.2 Jan. ."> 47 07 70 88 77 77 78 89 77 88 88 88 91 78 61 64 04 65 03 65 50 82 73 80 74.3 Jan. 80 SO 81 80 79 77 67 77 03 88 65 64 65 89 44 78 68 67 78 79 57 68 45 47 70.3 Jan. 7 47 47 51 52 52 51 01 70 79 79 08 68 68 68 79 79 79 79 38 90 58 50 62 62 64.8 Jan. S 02 02 Gl 79 68 79 89 100 05 100* 100* 100* 100 88 76 77 76 S9 89 88 100 88 69 71 82. 3 Jan. !i 00 90 09 02 79 79 79 78 89 78 100 76 100 88 79 07 56 67 89 89 7S 67 07 67 77. 2 Jan. 1(|; 89 .89 89 89 89 89 87 88 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 97 97 97 9S 97 9S 97 96 90 9l! 8 Jan. 11 90 0G 0G 07 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 99 93 97 100 100 100 100 96 94 94 94 96 9G 97.0 Jan. 12 90 00 07 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 96 96 89 94 98 93 91 91 91 91 05.2 Jan. 13 01 * IS 5S *- 30 cs — pa 1882. Feb. 1 70 70 76 75 75 74 74 76 76 77 76 76 76 76 76 75 75 76 76 77 77 77 75 75 75.7 Feb. 2 75 75 75 75 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 70 76 77 77 77 77 76 7fi 76 70 76 76.0 Feb. 3 78 78 78 78 78 80 79 79 79 79 76 78 78 78 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 80 79 t-0 78.7 Feb. 4 80 79 79 79 80 80 80 80 80 79 76 77 77 77 78 78 78 77 77 77 77 78 78 70 78.2 Feb. 5 76 75 75 74 74 75 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 78 79 79 80 80 SI 83 82 77. 5 Fob. G 82 84 84 85 86 86 80 80 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 84 85 84 83 S4.7 Feb. 7 82 80 82 81 £-3 83 83 83 S3 83 83 83 83 83 82 82 83 83 83 82 82 82 82 81 82.3 Feb. 8 80 81 80 80 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 84 84 83 84 84 84 85 85 84 84 84 PR 82.8 Feb. 9 82 83 83 83 84 84 84 £3 83 83 83 83 82 81 80 80 80 80 •80 81 81 81 81 82 81.9 Fob. 10 83 80 82 80 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 82 82 82 81 81 81 79 82 82.1 Feb. 11 79 80 79 80 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 78 78 78 78 77 78.8 Fob. 12 77 77 77 76 77 7G 76 70 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 70 76 76 76 76 76 77 76 77 76.2 Feb. 13 70 76 76 75 76 76 76 76 77 77 77 77 77 78 77 77 77 78 78 78 78 78 70 80 76.9 Feb. 14 79 79 78 77 79 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 79 79 79 80 79 77 79 79 78.3 Feb. 15 79 *) 79 80 79 79 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 79 79 79 80 80 80 80 S2 81 79.7 Feb. 10 80 80 80 80 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81. 81 81 81 81 81 82 82 83 83 85 81.2 Feb. 17 84 82 82 82 84 84 84 85 85 84 84 84 84 83 83 83 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 80 83.0 Feb. 18 80 81 81 80 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81.0 Feb. 19 83 83 82 81 83 83 83 83 83 82 82 82 82 81 80 81 81 81 81 82 82 82 SO S2 81.7 X>b. 20 82 82 SI 80 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 79 79 79 80 80 SO 80 79 79 80.8 Feb. 21 78 77 77 76 78 78 78 78 77 77 77 77 77 77 76 76 76 76 76 76 70 76 76 77 70.7 Feb. 22 76 76 76 75 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 75 75 76 76 76 76 76 76 74 76 75.7 Feb. 23 74 75 75 75 76 76 76 75 75 76 75 T5 75 75 75 75 76 76 76 76 76 76 75 75 75.3 Feb. 24 75 75 75 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 76 74 74 74.5 Feb. 25 74 75 73 75 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 75 75 75 76 76 76 75 78 74.9 Feb. 26 78 76 70 76 76 76 76 76 76 75 75 75 75 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 77 77 75 77 76.0 Fob. 27 76 76 76 77 77 77 78 79 79 77 77 77 76 76 76 76 77 77 77 77 77 77 70 77 76.8 Feb. 28 77 76 77 76 77 77 78 78 79 80 80 60 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 83 79.2 82 85 84 85 80.0 Means. 78.6 78.4 78.3 7S.0 78.8 7S.9 79.1 79.1 79.1 79.0 78.7 78.8 78.8 78.8 78.7 78.7 7S.8 78.9 79.0 79.1 79.3 78.7 79.4 78. S 1882. Mar. 1 84 84 85 85 84 85 81 84 84 85 85 85 83 82 82 81 81 83 83 83 83 84 84 86 83.7 Mar. 2 80 86 86 86 86 86 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 84 85 80 86 86 86 80 80 86 84 84. 85.4 Mar. 3 85 85 85 84 84 84 85 85 84 84 82 81 81 81 81 81 84 84 84 84 85 85 85 85 83.6 Mar. 4 86 86 86 84 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 86 86 80 86 87 67 86 87 SO 86 85.0 Mar. 5 85 85 84 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 86 85.0 Mar. 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 84 84 84 84 83 83 84 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 84.4 Mar. 7 86 86 84 83 85 85 85 85 R5 85 84 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 86 86 86 85 84 87 84.8 Mar. 8 88 88 88 87 87 88 88 88 89 90 90 90 91 91 91 92 96 96 94 94 96 95 96 90 91.2 Mar. 9 95 94 93 92 92 92 91 91 91 91 91 91 93 93 93 93 95 90 96 94 92 92 91 91 S>2.(S Mar. 10 91 91 92 92 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91.0 Mar. 11 89 89 87 85 86 85 85 85 85 85 84 82 80 80 80 80 81 81 81 81 82 82 80 82 S3. 2 Mar. 12 82 82 80 81 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 85 87 87 89 89 90 90 90 90 88 90 84.7 Mar. 13 85 86 83 83 83 85 85 85 85 85 84 83 82 80 80 80 83 84 84 84 86 80 86 S6 S3. 8 Mar. 14 87 87 87 89 89 88 89 89 89 89 89 87 87 87 87 88 83 88 87 88 89 89 86 so 87.8 Mar. 15 83 84 80 81 81 80 81 80 80 80 78 80 74 78 78 79 79 79 80 81 81 81. 79 80 79. S Mar. 16 80 79 • 78 78 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 81 80 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 S2 SO. Mar. 17 81 82 82 80 82 82 81 81 81 80 80 89 80 80 80 80 80 80 81 81 81 81 82 82 80.8 Mar. 18 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 82. 1 Mar. 19 83 82 81 81 82 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 83 82 83 83 S4 S2.0 Mar. 20 84 83 84 83 83 83 82 &2 82 82 82 81 81 81 81 81 80 80 80 80 80 79 79 79 SI. 3 Mar. 21 79 78 78 78 78 78 7S 78 78 78 78 78 77 77 76 77 7S 78 7S 78 78 78 78 78 77.8 Mar. 22 78 79 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 79 80 81 81 80 81 81 81 81 82 82 82 82 79.2 Mar. 23 81 81 80 80 79 80 80 SO 80 80 80 80 80 81 81 81 81 81 82 82 82 82 83 82 SO. 7 Mar. 24 81 82 82 83 83 83 83 83 83 S3 83 83 83 82 82 82 82 82 83 83 83 S3 83 82 82. 5 Mar. 25 83 83 84 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 82 82 82 79 79 78 78 78 78 79 79 79 7* 'lH 80.8 Mar. 20 77 78 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 78 78 78 78 79 80 80 81 80 80 81 SO 79.0 Mar. 27 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 77 76 76 70 78 78 78 78 77 77 77 76 78.0 Mar. 28 77 77 77 77 76 70 76 76 76 7fi 75 75 75 75 76 76 76 77 70 76 78 78 SO 79 7(U Mar. 29 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 82 SI 80. S Mar. 30 82 83 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 79 V9 • ;i 80.5 Mar. 31 79 79 79 79 78 78 78 78 78 79 79 79 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 S3 83 J 79. S Means. 83.3 82.7 82.8 82.6 82.7 82.8 82.8 ! 82.8 1 J82.8 i82.3 82.5 82.4 82.0 Isa.o 82.2 1 82.2 83.0 83.2 83.3 83.4 83.5 S3.6 83. 4 83. 3 82.8 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 253 Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881,20 August, 1SS3 — Continued. I Height of the hygrometer ahove the surface of the ground, i feet. Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local time, - 5 Iioura 17 minutes.] Date 3 a a" 3 £ s a a a a p 3 a « CJ e! a <3 « a « ^ Cl — p< — ci « ■* H3 SO t- * -• - 1882. Apr. 1 82 82 82 82 82 S2 S2 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 Apr. 2 SI 81 81 81 81 81 81 SI 81 81 81 81 81 81 Apr. 3 82 82 82 81 SI 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 ' Apr. 4 82 SI 81 SO 80 80 80 SO SO 80 80 SO 80 81 A pr. 5 82 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 SI 80 SO 80 80 Apr. C so 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 Apr. 7 83 83 82 83 83 83 83 85 87, 85 93 93 93 93 Apr. 8 87 8.') 84 81 8} 84 84 81 81 81 SI 82 83 80 Apr. 9 84 87 87 80 88- 89 89 89 S3 88 90 93 92 92 Apr. 10 82 85 81 81 81 81 81 81 82 88 88 S8 90 90 Apr. 11 70 78 82 78 77 7C 70 77 77 77 74 75 77 81 Apr. 12 83 SO 81 82 80 80 SO 80 79 78 78 78 79 80 Apr. 13 70 1 i 70 74 79 83 83 83 85 85 91 90 90 90 Apr. J 4 84 85 83 84 84 84 84 83 S3 80 80 SO 79 79 Apr. 15 82 80 80 SO 80 79 79 78 78 77 78 77 SO 70 Apr. 10 82 85 85 S5 84 82 83 81 80 87 87 81 SI 82 Apr. 17 8] 82 84 84 83 83 81 81 80 80 80 80 80 80 Apr. IS 77 79 79 82 81 81 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 Apr. 10 80 82 79 81 80 82 81 81 81 80 79 79 80 80 J Apr. 20 74 75 SO 79 78 78 79 80 80 80 82 81 81 82 Apr. 21 70 75 77 77 78 78 75 75 77 78 78 79 80 81 Apr. 22 81 81 80 78 78 77 77 77 79 79 79 80 79 79 Apr. 23 82 79 78 7S SO 80 79 79 79 77 79 80 81 82 Apr. 2 4 87 88 88 89 87 90 90 91 90 90 94 95 94 94 Apr. 25 89 89 88 89 88 89 88 87 87 80 87 87 b7 87 Apr. 2G 80 85 84 85 84 84 83 82 82 S2 S3 83 83 82 Apr. 27 S3 87 85 Sfi 87 87 87 87 85 85 87 88 90 89 Apr. 28 Sfi 87 80 82 81 82 82 82 83 83 85 82 80 82 Apr. 29 81 81 81 81 79 79 79 81 81 81 84 84 85 82 Ayr. 30 S4 85 82.2 S3 79 81.7 83 82 81.9 82 81.0 81 SI .5 SO 81.fi 80 81.7 81 82.8 81 82.7 81 8::;. 81 S3. 2 Moans. 81.8 81.9 81.7 83. 3 S3.4 82.9 80 2 =2 81 , 81 81. G 81 82 81.2 82 I 82 81.] 82 81 80. M ' 80 80.7 :•:; 83 80. 89 87 SS.1 87 80 84. 5 8 J >■■' .■7, 9 81 84. 7 1SS2. Hay 1 Slav 2 May 3 May 4 May 5 May May 7 May S May 9 May 10 May 11 May 12 Mar 13 May 14 May 15 May 1C May 17 May 18 May 19 May 20 Mav 21 May 22 May 23 May 24 May 25 May 20 May 27 May 28 May 29 May 30 May 31 Moans. 82.' 82. 80 80 89 88 89 86 84 80 81 84 81 80 82 85 84 83.0 81 78 77 72 75 77 82 83 79 77 81 85 84 82 83 86 83 85 89 89 90 88 86 81 83 84 81 79 82 85 85 82.3 83.1 83.0 83.0 85 86 83.0 78 83.2 83.1 8G 83.8 S4.0 83. 80 82 85 85 85 S3. 8 S4 79 82 83 84 SS 83.5 83. < 79 79 79 79 78 78 79 81 74 75 75 75 75 74 72 74 78 78 77 77 78 77 70 .80 | 74 74 75 74 73 74 75 77 77 77 78 78 7S 79 79 7-; 83 S3 81 82 83 SO 78 80 83 83 82 83 83 85 82 82 SO 80 80 80 81 80 80 so 82 82 80 79 78 79 79 ' ' i 81 81 82 82 81 80 82 82 84 84 84 85 85 85 S7 86 Sfi 85 85 8fi 86 88 Sfi 87 85 85 85 84 84 85 84 83 83 81 79 78 79 79 80 81 80 SI 81 82 82 82 81 S3 83 82 SO 79 80 SO j 80 82 79 79 80 78 79 SG : :-5 80 85 84 85 86 87 so ; 88 85 87 87 86 87 87 SS I .-7 S2 82 81 84 84 80 89 88 89 89 88 87 86 Sfi 88 P8 87 87 85 85 85 84 86 ' 87 84 82 80 80 >0 79 77 77 ; 82 82 S3 84 84 84 81 84 84 84 84 8-5 85 84 85 86 ! S3 83 83 82 82 SI 82 82 80 79 79 79 79 79 80 79 81 81 80 80 80 SO 80 81 84 84 84 84 84 83 84 84 83 83 83 83 82 S3 83 85 85 84 84 84 85 84 S5 82. SG 82.2 82.0 81.5 81. G 81.0 81.6 82. 0' 1 80. 2 77.4 77.4 71.4 79.9 82.3 82. 4 61.4 SO. 5 80.6 87. 3 80.2 82. 7 83; 7 84.5 80.9 87.0 8G.1 88.5 80.5 82.3 81.8 84.0 S3.1 79. G SO. 3 82.9 84. 2 254 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKBOW, ALASKA. Table showing the moisture of the air at TJglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, J feet. "Washington mean time. Collection reduced to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. 1 Date. a S a a a a a a a a c3 5 a a a a a a a a g a a p. g a ,_ , 71 pa a C3 C3 (A * *- a © CT p. p\ a* to p. p. IS p. P< Pi C5 o v\ 1882. Juno 1 85 SO 87 88 S8 87 88 88 87 £0 82 87 87 85 85 87 87 87 87 86 88 88 89 89 86.8 June 2 88 89 89 89 89 89 89 91 90 89 89 89 87 86 86 86 85 85 84 84 84 84 87 86 87.2 June 3 85 87 S9 87 86 87 88 88 88 89 91 91 91 91 90 87 86 85 86 86 85 86 87 83 87.5 June 4 83 85 88 87 88 87 87 88 88 89 90 89 90 90 87 87 85 85 86 87 85 86 84 86 87.0 June 5 87 89 89 88 86 87 87 87 89 88 89 89 89 89 85 86 80 79 79 81 82 81 83 84 85.5 June C 87 85 83 85 S7 87 83 84 84 82 83 82 80 80 82 83 83 84 85 85 79 79 76 72 82.5 June 7 69 71 71 77 80 82 82 83 85 83 83 82 81 80 83 83 82 82 82 82 82 SI 80 76 80.1 Jauo 8 72 73 77 88 88 88 87 86 84 79 79 81 81 83 83 83 83 84 85 85 85 84 83 77 82.4 Juno 9 77 7S 78 79 84 85 84 82 78 84 87 89 88 87 87 87 85 85 84 84 84 84 87 85 83.8 June 10 85 87 86 87 90 90 90 90 88 85 85 85 86 86 87 84 85 84 84 84 82 82 86 84 85.9 June 11 86 88 84 84 84 85 85 86 86 84 82 80 84 84 83 83 82 79 79 79 78 75 70 81 82. 1 June 12 71 79 79 81 81 84 86 85 86 88 88 85 82 84 84 82 82 82 80 80 83 8! 86 86 82.7 June 1 3 87 87 87 88 89 90 89 90 90 90 89 85 83 85 86 86 82 87 83 85 84 85 88 S7 86.8 Juno 14 88 88 89 !:9 89 89 89 89 91 90 90 90 91 90 90 89 87 84 SO 86 85 86 87 88 SS.3 June 15 8fi 8S 89 90 89 89 89 89 91 89 89 88 87 87 87 85 84 85 85 87 86 85 85 84 87.3 Juno 10 85 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 87 86 86 83 85 83 82 86 84 84 84 85 83 82 81 80 84.9 June 17 78 82 79 81 84 86 87 85 82 81 82 81 81 81 80 80 83 84 84 84 85 85 86 86 82.8 June 18 87 88 88 89 88 85 81 79 70 78 80 83 82 82 82 82 80 80 80 81 83 80 75 78 82.0 June 19 81 81 82 84 87 88 87 88 87 . 87 87 89 85 82 83 75 76 78 78 80 81 81 80 81 S2.8 June 20 81 83 84 86 87 89 90 90 90 90 88 87 86 . 87 87 85 83 84 86 86 86 87 87 87 86.5 Juno 21 88 89 90 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 88 88 82 78 78 77 75 76 78 73 73 74 83.7 June 22 72 77 83 85 87 87 86 83 85 79 82 79 82 75 75 72 74 76 75 74 78 76 81 82 79.4 June 23 81 76 77 81 81 81 83 79 79 76 76 77 79 76 78 76 80 80 79 80 82 85 82 79 79.3 June 24 76 77 74 74 75 81 83 83 84 82 80 75 76 80 80 80 79 78 74 76 77 76 76 73 77.9 Juuo23 70 71 72 73 78 77 75 70 70 72 72 65 75 76 76 82 SO 78 75 73 76 72 74 77 74.1 Jane 26 81 83 89 88 89 89 90 89 90 90 90 90 89 89 89 85 85 85 86 88 S3 82 83 83 86.9 June 27 84 88 89 88 87 87 88 89 87 86 86 86 83 80 80 80 79 77 82 85 83 83 82 80 84.1 June 28 70 75 76 82 83 85 84 83 82 80 80 80 80 82 82 80 82 80 78 75 77 77 81 80 80.0 June 29 80 80 82 87 89 88 90 90 89 88 87 82 82 83 79 79 78 82 85 82 79 77 80 83 83.4 June 30 85 86 80 86. 1 87' 88 88 S9.1 89 89 88 SS 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 82 83 82 81 82 80 79 SS. 8 Sleans. 84.1 S3. 4 87.6 S8. 6 8!U 88.7 88.3 87.6 87.5 86.8 86.8 86.5 SO. 2 S5.4 84. 8 84.7 S4.6 84.9 84.8 81.2 S4. G 84.3 86.3 1882. Julv 1 83 90 90 87 87 88 78 73 75 75 75 76 73 73 71 79 77 81 80 SO 76 72 71 68 78.3 July 2 70 78 75 75 83 79 83 80 81 82 80 80 80 70 70 67 65 66 62 60 60 60 71 75 73.2 July 3 80 86 86 85 85 87 87 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 85 88 84 82 82 84 85 84 82 S3. 7 July 4 82 80 84 84 84 78 77 80 72 70 70 79 73 75 78 72 71 69 70 72 70 74 82 73 75.8 Jul y 5 74 80 84 85 84 85 86 88 86 82 82 70 70 70 05 68 67 67 72 73 75 75 SO 77 70 9 Jul y 6 78 77 80 84 82 87 83 84 81 77 75 75 72 72 70 .70 70 73 76 76 73 75 71 71 7G.3 Jul y 7 66 66 68 71 73 73 72 69 68 67 66 70 70 70 69 66 65 65 62 64 64 59 GO 58 (Sfi.3 July 8 62 66 73 80 80 83 85 82 80 78 78 75 78 80 80 78 79 79 79 80 SO 78 79 78 77.9 July 9 78 80 84 90 90 91 91 90 90 90 90 90 88 85 85 82 S3 83 SO 76 75 74 88 88 83.0 July 10 86 86 85 82 86 86 81 81 80 80 83 78 78 78 76 80 82 70 76 80 70 75 81 80 80.6 July 11 86 S2 87 90 87 87 84 77 82 78 77 75 75 75 75 75 78 78 76 78 80 89 90 88 81.2 July 12 87 86 84 81 85 85 89 88 88 88 82 82 82 88 88 82 82 90 89 88 87 85 85 82 85.5 Julv 13 81 87 88 87 87 85 86 83 83 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 80 81 82 81 SO 80 77 69 82.1 July 14 70 68 72 81 84 86 82 80 78 80 85 85 90 90 90 90 89 90 90 SO SS 87 86 88 S4.1 Julv 15 87 88 87 90 90 90 89 83 85 85 8S 87 85 87 86 89 87 87 87 So 83 82 80 79 86.0 July 16 78 80 82 85 84 86 88 88 87 88 85 SO 82 82 82 82 81 82 82 85 87 87 89 87 81.1 July 17 89 90 90 89 89 90 94 96 96 96 96 98 98 98 98 98 97 97 95 93 05 92 91 97 94.2 July IS 92 95 95 96 94 94 94 94 94 94 95 92 93 90 90 87 82 83 82 80 81 80 84 85 89.4 July 19 95 94 90 98 95 95 95 94 93 93 95 95 82 88 80 85 86 85 8S 90 32 90 S3 94 91.3 July 20 89 97 97 CS 95 96 95 87 82 85 85 90 90 90 90 85 84 81 81 80 84 84 87 87 88. :: Julv 21 87 92 94 94 94 94 94 95 96 96 98 98 98 98 98 98 95 98 86 S3 m 93 94 89 »;.o Julv 22 SO (jo 93 92 94 95 95 95 96 90 98 98 98 95 92 SO SO 89 83 80 81 83 S7 89 91.3 Julv 2:; 91 95 91 07 GO 94 93 S3 89 87 90 Si) 90 90 SO 75 68 71 78 t-4 mi 88 89 89 ,v7.4 July 24 84 89 93 94 94 92 92 92 92 87 85 85 70 70 70 65 62 68 75 80 '■• T5 78 78 81.0 July 25 78 83 88 87 92 88 88 90 87 83 80 90 90 90 90 90 88 86 81 82 77 78 85 84 .v.. 8 July 20 85 83 86 89 92 92 92 FS 91 88 87 85 S3 82 82 82 80 80 80 88 SI 93 96 96 -7 2 July 27 96 SO 98 98 96 94 93 94 94 95 95 95 95 95 93 87 88 84 84 86 88 92 92 94 02. li July 28 94 93 90 89 89 89 89 89 89 88 80 80 82 82 81 SO 82 81 83 82 82 78 77 77 84. 4 July 29 75 77 79 81 79 79 80 81 79 80 80 SO £0 75 75 7.3 7:i 7X 75 74 74 78 76 , 80 77.4 July 30 81 86 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 87 88 90 80 80 75 74 76 7(1 82 83 78 65 71 72 82. 1 July 31 78 82.5 80 85.7 80 86.1 84 87.5 87 8S.0 86 88 87. 5 90 SO. 5 90 86 87 83 80 £0 75 75 75 SO SO 80 77 70 78 83 81. G Means. 87.9 85.9 81.8 81.0 84.5 83.1 82.8 81.4 80.4 79.7 79.9 80.4 80.0 80.7 80.1 1 8 J. 4 81.9 83.5 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 255 Tabic showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1S81, to Aurjitst, 1883 — Continued, [Height of l lie hygrometer sibovo Hie surface of tlio ground, 4 feet, Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local 1 imp, — 5 hours. J7 minutes.] Bate. a a a a a a a a a a a a a 3 a 6 d a a £ a ft ft r I a « a « a C3 a a a o ft ft c ft & ft =- ft ft = — w = H ** <>\ «* *a ss '- 0C o VS ■* «n - i- - "■ 1882. Aug. 1 82 90 90 90 93 93 94 94 94 94 93 92 S9 88 8(i 8(1 8G 92 94 90 92 91 97 97 91.1 Aug. 2 95 94 93 91 94 94 94 94 94 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 94 92 92 91 92 92 93 . 93 93 (i Aug. :: 92 95 93 93 93 93 93 91 92 92 90 90 88 90 88 88 87 8G 87 88 91 90 89 84 90. 1 Aug. 4 7G 7G 86 90 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 90 90 88 90 89 88 SG SO 81 81 80 91 87. 9 Aug. 5 91 93 90 89 90 90 90 90 90 89 90 90 89 75 75 75 70 79 So 92 92 92 92 ' 94 87.4 Aug. 91 91 91 92 92 93 93 93 93 93 92 93 87 85 80 80 7G 70 70 73 72 77 86 86 8.-.. 4 Ails. 7 90 91 91 92 91 89 8 78 81.3 Aug. 21 83 88 91 92 85 85 88 84 91 91 93 95 85 80 S3 87 88 89 SS 89 90 93 92 91 88. 4 Aug. 22 98 94 91 94 92 92 92 92 92 92 88 88 81 81 78 83 79 80 85 84 82 SG 87 91 87. t Aug. 23 811 89 91 91 91 91 92 92 92 91 93 84 84 82 81 83 82 84 84 S3 85 S3 87 92 87. 3 Aug. 24 92 91 93 92 93 94 93 92 92 92 92 84 8G 88 88 82 SO 80 81 82 80 85 86 91 87. 9 Aug. 25 90 91 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 85 94 9G 95 92 92 93 91 92 94 95 !>!.« Aug. 2G 94 95 92 91 91 90 90 90 90 90 92 92 92 90 90 90 87 84 81 78 80 83 83 80 88.4 Aug. 27 90 90 90 89 89 88 88 88 87 89 88 82 84 84 85 85 84 SG 87 FG 85 . 86 86 87 86. 8 Aug. 28 82 89 88 89 87 88 88 89 89 88 88 88 S3 S4 80 83 SO 80 80 84 S4 r 89 80 89 85. G Aug. 29 90 90 91 92 90 89 89 90 89 89 so 89 87 84 82 S3 80 SO 82 82 83 82 85 SG 8(1. 4 Aug. 30 89 89 89 91 87 80 8G 8G SG 87 8G 86 80 92 91 89 88 92 81 so 85 SO 89 93 87.5 Aug. 31 93 90 68.2 91 89.0 91 S9.7 88 89. G 87 89.5 87 87 89.8 88 88 90 89.7 84 78 74 G8 83.7 68 65 57 62 78 82. 2 80 82. G 79 79 79 SO. 5 Means . 87.1 89.7 89. G 88.5 8G. 7 85.2 S3. 3 82.7 82.0 84.0 85.5 SG. G 80.5 1S82. Sept. 1 Sept. 2 Sept. 3 Sopt. 4 Sept.. 5 Sept. Sept. 7 Sept. S Sept. 9 Sept. 10 Sept. 11 Sept. 12 Sept. 13 Sopt. 14 Sept.15 Sept. 10 Sept. 17 j 95 Sept. 18 ! 92 Sept. 19 I 92 Sept. 20 ; 87 Sept. 21 90 Scut. 22 j 84 Sept. 23 Sept. 24 Sept.25 Sept. 20 Sept. 27 Sept. 28 Sept. 29 Sept. 30 Means . SO 82 97 96 92 92 95 95 91 92 97 94 90 88 79 80 94 92 90 91 92 92 88 89 95 95 95 94 90 91 94 94 94 92 94 90 89 89 88 90 91 89 84 86 88 89 85 89 84 80 90 89 74 73 SG 91 92 91 93 93 86 87 89 95 95 94 91 91 91 95 92 92 93 93 94 94 94 93 86 80 78 79 77 84 91 87 91 91 90 90 93 94 93 88 S9 90 90 90 91 94 93 93 92 92 91 93 93 93 89 89 89 89 89 91 80 82 85 87 88 87 86 89 89 82 83 84 89 90 91 88 89 89 78 79 80 90 87 90 81 87 90 89 88 8S 91 91 92 92 92 91 89 92 91 91 91 91 91 92 94 92 85 70 94 88 92 91 82 93 92 93 89 91 S3 87 89 83 i 84 94 89 no I 91 80 I 78 93 I 92 91 94 93 ! 93 87 I 89 91 88 77 90 90 90 92 91 90 89 73 92 90 91 92 91 91 86 89 90 89 71 90 91 91 93 93 92 91 : 88 89 89 S5 SG 88 65 91 94 89 92 94 £6 86 94 90 90 S4 82 90 93 91 91 90 89 88 8S 85 I 83 j 80 61 I 91 ! 94 93 ! 92 91 !• 90 87 ! 88 89.0 ;89. 7 89.0 ;90.2 88.7 ! 88. 9 S9. 8 '89.4 88.9 89.0 89. 3 88.9 88.1 86 90 80 85 99 93 80 82 90 90 89 83 S9 91 93 90 91 90 86 87 86 86 80 85 CO 92 95 92 90 89 87.2 86 85 90 S9 77 75 82 77 87 SG 94 94 85 78 87 90 90 90 90 87 90 88 80 84 88 86 88 89 92 92 90 90 88 89 90 90 83 82 80 85 84 82 87 88 SO 78 84 81 74 7G 91 93 95 94 93 91 90 88 91 89 90 90 90 87 85 87 89 91 90 89 90 83 85 83 89 76 78 78 93 94 92 92 90 85 92 02 91 87 75 85 90 85 93 90 90 90 80 ! 90 80 76 93 91 90 92 90 S3 73 89 94 90 92 92 91 85 00 85 93 75 92 92 88 86 81 89 87 88 92 88 91 84' 86 84 85 82 80 69 86 93 Sa 93 92 93 94 ; 87.5 83 84 90.fi 88 | 94 81 j 86 SS I 91 87 . 90 91 83 90 85 85 83 85 77 80 90 88 9! 92 81.4 S4.2 9(1. 1) »2.9 82.9 84.5 91.0 89.7 90.2 SG. 3 88.3 9P. 7 91.1 92. 89.8 90.7 86. 87. r> 80. 5 85. 2 88.7 85. 4 75.5 88.8 88.9 89.8 91.9 90.9 87. 3 FG. 2 80. 4 80. ^86. 4 80. 9 '83. 4 84.7 '86. 7'88. 88. 1 I I I ! ! 256 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 18S3 — Continued. [Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes.] T>- ■ a g a a a a S a 3 a a a a a a a a a a a a 5 a " a " « SO in as <- rt Uj CI © 92 93 92 H2 t.O 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 90 90 89 91 92 92 92 91 91 94 93 92 91.4 Oct. 3 95 G4 91 95 92 91 92 91 91 91 90 89 90 90 89 89 89 89 88 S8 SS 89 89 DO 90.4 Oct. 4 90 90 89 89 90 89 89 89 89 89 89 88 89 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 89 88 88 88. 7 Oct, 5 89 89 89 89 88 8S 88 88 89 89 89 89 88 87 88 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 87 88. Oct. 85 84 84 84 84 84 83 83 84 84 83 83 84 84 85 84 83 83 83 83 84 84 84 83 S3. 7 Oct, 7 84 84 84 S4 83 S3 84 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 S4 85 83 S3 83 82 83 83 8:; S3 83 _ Oct. 8 82 82 82 82 S2 82 82 S2 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 81 S2 82 82 82 82 82 82 i 81.9 Oct. 9 82 81 81 82 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 83 84 84 S3 83 82 82 82 S2 82 82 82. 2 Oct, 10 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 87 87 87 87 89 SS ST 87 83.8 Oct. 11 87 85 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 89 89 88 88 S8 S8 88 88 87 87 87 sT 87. 5 Oct, 12 87 87 87 8G 8G 80 8G 80 8G 84 84 84 83 84 84 84 S7 87 87 87 87 83 85 65 85.5 Oct. in 87 SG 86 86 8G 8G 86 86 85 84 82 82 81 S3 SO S3 85 St 84 84 85 85 S5 85 •1 } Oct. 14 82 87 87 88 85 SO SG 85 85 84 85 80 80 86 87 87 86 87 87 S9 88 88 88 88 SO. 4 Oct. 15 87 8G 8G 86 85 86 86 86 85 86 86 SG 86 85 85 86 86 85 85 85 84 S3 84 84 85. 4 Oct. 10 87 87 88 89 88 88 88 87 87 87 87 87 86 86 86 SO 80 ■ 80 86 86 87 87 S7 SO 80. 9 Oct, 17 88 88 87 87 86 SG 87 87 87 87 S7 86 86 S6 86 86 SG 86 87 88 87 87 87 ST SG.8 Oct, IS 68 88 89 88 87 87 87 S7 87 87 85 84 84 84 85 8G 80 8G SO 86 89 88 86 So SG. 5 Oct. 19 87 89 89 89 87 88 86 86 85 85 84 84 85 84 84 85 85 85 88 88 87 87 87 87 SO. 3 Oct. 20 89 88 88 88 87 87 80 85 84 84 84 84 83 S3 83 S3 85- 85 85 82 85 84 83 83 I 1 9 Oct, 21 83 83 84 83 84 83 82 81 82 83 82 84 82 82 82 83 85 83 83 83 80 84 S4 , 84 82. 9 Oct. 22 8S 88 S8 87 '86 87 87 86 SS 86 85 85 83 83 83 83 83 83 82 82 85 83 82 82 Si. 8 Oct. 23 84 85 84 85 S3 84 84 83 S2 S2 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 84 83 84 82.9 Oct, 24 87 8G 87 86 84 84 84 83 83 84 84 84 83 83 83 83 83 84 82 82 85 83 83 s:; S3. 9 Oct. 25 S5 80 85 84 81 82 82 82 82 82 81 81. 81 80 78 75 75 75 75 75 75 79 SO 81 S0.1 Oct. 26 84 79 83 84 84 85 85 85 84 84 84 84 83 83 S3 84 84 84 84 84 84 83 83 83 84. o Oct. 27 85 84 85 84 82 82 83 82 82 83 83 82 82 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 SO 81 81 81 82. :: Oct. 28 82 82 83 82 81 81 81 82 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 85 85 85 85 85 85 84 82 83.0 Oct, 29 82 84 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 80 81 81 81 80 80 80 80 80 81 81 .-I SO. 5 Oct, 30 85 86 86 85 85 85 85 85 83 80 80 81 83 85 85 92 95 94 90 92 91 88 StJ 87 80. 5 Oct. 31 ns . 89 SO. 3 !>0 SO. 3 89 «J0 88 88 88 87 8G 89 89 90 89 88 86 82 80 SO 79 77 75 76 85.2 70 ; 82 83. ;> Men 80.3 SO. 3 85.4 85. 5 S5.5 85.2 85.1 85.0 84.7 84.8 84.7 84. G S4.5 84.8 85.2 85.1 84.9 84. 9 85.1 84. 9 85. 8.3. 2 1S82. Nor. 1 Nov. 2 Nov. 3 Nov. 4 Nov. 5 Nov. G Nov. 7 Nov. 8 Nov. 9 Nov. 10 Nov. 11 Nov. 12 Nov. 13 Nov. 14 Nov. 15 Nov. 1G Nov. 17 Nov. IS Nov. 19 Nov. 20 Nov. 21 Nov. 22 Nov. 23 Nov. 24 Nov. 25 Nov. 20 Nov. 27 Nov. 28 Nov. 29 Nov. 30 Means '84. 92 84. 3 84. 1 84. 2 |S4. 2 84. 1 I ! i 83. 79 3. 9 183. 8 83.9 S3. 9 87 80 72 68 62 65* 93 93 92 92 92 92 92 91 90 90 87 83. 9 !83. 9 |S3. 7 ! 83. 8 184. 3 87 85 84. 3 84. 4 !84. 4 184. 2 70 65 64 79 91 94 92 92 92 92 92 90 S9 SS 87 87 87 86 86 S4.3 83 I SO 82.1 75 74 ,0.b 83 S3 79.8 si 81 82.6 85 ST 82.0 84 84 85. 8 83 84 83. 85 85 S4.4 90 90 S7.3 82 82 ST. 4 70 73 79. 8 OS 07 71.4 05 05 65. 1 04 04 03. s 85 SS 07.1 91 30 91.8 94 93 92. 1 92 92 »2. 5 92 92 92. (I 92 92 92.0 92 92 91. S 92 92 92. 5 90 00 90.7 89 89 89. 2 SS SS 88. 5 ST S7 87.1 S7 sT SG. 8 sT 87 SO. 3 87 87 SO. 1 SO si; 80. 3 S4.5 84.4 81.1 ' Interpolated. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAIiltOW, ALASKA. 257 Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Corrections reduced to mean local time, —5 hour? 17* minutes.] Date. a a 1 :n a so a a a o a a 00 a 4 Si a e a 03 a a A a A a A so a A a A a A ■SO a A a A a A a A © S A 2 «a 1882. \ 1 1 Dec. 1 86 87 .87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87.0 Dec. 2 87 87 87 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 82.4 Dec. 3 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 • 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87.0 Dec. 4 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 87 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86.0 Dec. 5 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86.0 Dec. 6 86 | 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 86.3 Dec. 7 86 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 86 87 87 87 86 86 86 86 86 86 86.5 Dec. 8 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 80 86 80 86.0 Dec. 9 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86.0 Dec. 10 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 85 84 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 85 85 84 85 85 85 85.1 Dec. 11 86 87 87 88 89 89 89 89 88 88 88 88 87 86 86 85 85 86 85 85 84 84 84 85 86.6 Dec. 12 84 82 83 83 83 82 82 83 81 81 80 83 81 81 81 SO 80 80 80 80 82 81 81 81 81.4 Deo. 13 82 83 83 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 85 84 85 85 83 84 84 83 84 83 83.9 Dec. 14 83 83 81 81 82 .82 81 81 80 81 83 83 82 83 82 82 82* 82* 82* 83* 83 86 87 88 82.6 Dec. 15 87 86 86 87 87 87 87 88 88 87 87 87 86 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 89 86.9 Dec. 16 89 88 87 87 87 88 88 88 88 89 89 90 90 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 90 90 90 89 88.8 Dec. 17 89 89 89 89 89 88 89 89 90 90 90 88 88 88 88 89 89 89 89 89 88 88 89 90 88.9 Dec. 18 89 88 86 86 87 87 88 88 87 87 87 87 87 87 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 ' 86 86 86.7 Dec. 19 89 88 88 88 87 87 88 88 88 88 88 88 87 87 86 8B 86 86 86 86 87 87 [ 87 90 87.3 Dec. 20 89 89 90 90 90 90 91 91 89 90 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 90 90 89 89 89.5 Dec. 21 91 89 90 91 92 92 92 93 92 91 90 90 89 89 89 89 90 90 90 90 89 87 87 87 90.0 Dec. 22 88 87 87 88 88 88 88 87 87 88 88 88 87 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87.2 Deo. 23 88 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 88 88 88 87 87 86 87 87.2 Dec. 24 90 88 88 87 87 87 87 87 87 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 84 84 84 87 86.4 Dec. 25 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 88 88 89 89 89 89 89 88 88 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 88.4 Dec. 26 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 88 89 89 89 89 89 91 92 91 92 89.4 Dec. 27 91 92 92 93 92 92 92 92 91 91 91 92 92 93 93 92 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 02.3 Dec. 28 92 91 91 91 92 92 91 92 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 92 92 93 93 93 95 95 96 96 92.2 Dec. 29 96 96 96 96 97 96 93 92 89 89 88 87 86 86 80 86 88 88 88 88 86 86 86 86 89.8 Dec. 30 84 84 84 84 84 83 83 83 84 84 84 84 85 85 85 85 86 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 84.8 Dec. 31 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 88 88 87 87 87 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 87.8 Means . . 87.5 87.2 87.1 87.3 87.5 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.1 87.1 87.0 87.1 86.8 86.8 86.0 8«.« 87.0 87.1 86.9 87.0 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.5 871 1883. Jan. 1 *9 89 89 89 89' 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 90 90 90 j 90 90 90 90 90 92 89.5 Jan. 2 90 91 92 92 92 92 92 93 92 9? 92 91 91 92 91 91 91 91 j 91 91 91 90 91 93 91.5 Jan. 3 92 91 91 91 90 90 89 89 91 91 90 90 90 89. 90 89 89 89 | 89 89 88 88 89 92 89.8 Jan. 4 91 91 91 90 90 91 91 90 90 89 91 91 91 91 91 90 90 90 90 90 89 89 88 90 88.5 Jan. 5 87 87 86 86 87 87 87 87 86 86 86 86 86 86 87 88 88 88 88 88 87 87 87 89 87.0 Jan. 6 91 88 88 88 87 87 86 85 84 84 83 82 83 83 83 84 84 84 1 84 84 84 84 84 85 85.0 Jan. 7 84 84 84 83 83 83 84 84 84 84 83 83 84 85 85 85 86 86 86 85 85 85 84 86 84.4 Jan. 8 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 86 86 86 86 86 88 85 85 87 85.2 Jan. 9 84 83 83 84 85 85 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 82 82 83.7 Jan. 10 83 83 84 88 85 85 84 135 84 87 87 85 84 84 84 85 85 84 84 84 83 83 83 83 84.4 Jan. 11 82 82 82 82 83 82 81 81 83 83 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 82 82 82 82.0 Jan. 12 83 82 82 81 82 82 81 80 80 .80 80 80 80 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 80 79 83 80.4 Jan. 13 84 81 81 80 80 80 80 80 81 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 83 80.4 Jan. 14 81 81 81 81 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 81 81 81 81 82 80 80 j 83 81.4 Jan. 15 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 79* 76* 74* 71* 69* 67 | 68 70 74 7G.8 Jan. 16 76 77 78 79 80 81 83 85 87 88 89 91 91 92 94 1 95 94 94 95 95 91 94 ' 1 94 | 94 88.3 Jan. 17 95 95 94 94 95 96 97 97 9fi 94 94 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 92 91 91 j 92 93.8 Jan. 18 91 90 90 9p 90 89 89 88 88 88 88 88 88 87 87 87 89 88 88 88 87 87 87 ' 87 88.3 Jan. 19 87 87 86 86 84 85 85 86 86 86 86 86 85 85 85 85 85 86 86 86 85 85 85 [ 87 85.6 Jan. 20 86 86 86 86 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 86 86 86 86 86 86 80 86 85.1 Jan. 21 87 86 86 85 86 86 80 87 87 87 87 88 87 87 87 87 87 88 86 86 87 88 88 89 86.9 Jan. 22 89 88 89 89 89 90 90 90 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 90 90 90 | 90 89.2 Jan. 23 92 93 92 93 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 93 93 95 95 95 95 94 95 95 98 92.2 Jan. 24 98 97 97 96 94 93 91 90 90 90 89 89 88 87 87 86 86 86 86 86 85 85 85 | 86 89.5 Jan. 25 85 85 85 85 84 84 84 ■ 84 84 83 83 83 82 82 83 82 83 85 85 85 82 82 82 82 83.5 Jan. 26 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 85 82.1 Jan 27 82 81 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 79 80 79 79 79 79 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 79.9 Jan. 28 81 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 80 80 80 i 80 79.7 Jan. 29 81 81 81 80 80 80 80 81 80 80 80 80 80 80 81 81 82 82 81 81 81 80 80 80 80.5 Jan. 30 81 81 80 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 80 79.4 Jan. 31 81 35.8 81 81 80 35.3 80 80 80 79 79 80 80 80 82 82 83 84 85 85 87 87 "87 87 87 87 82.7 Means.. 35.4 35.3 35.1 35.2 35.1 35.2 35.1 34.8 35.0 34.9 34.8 34.8 35.0 35.2 35.3 35. 3 1 35.2 35.1 34.8 34.7 1 US 8G.0 1 85.1 * Interpolated. H. Ex. 44- -33 258 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October ', 1881, to August, 1883— Continued. [Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. a a a a a a i a a a C5* a a a a a a a a a a a a Pi a p. a pH Z ? cj cS C3 09 c3 eS d cl c3 O CM p. p. a p< p. P. p. p. p. o CM ~ cj q8 ** o* — •* O » t- OO ss _TL —— CN eo •* IO cS t* 00 3> 1883. Feb. 1 88 87 88 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86.4 Feb. 2 87 87 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 88 89 89 89 90 90 90 90 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 89.1 Feb. 3 91 91 91 92 92 92 92 92 91 91 91 91 91 91 92 93 95 95 95 95 95 97 97 97 92.9 Feb. 4 97 96 96 96 96 95 94 93 93 93 93 92 92 92 92 91 92 92 92 92 93 93 93 94 93.4 Feb. 5 94 95 94 94 95 95 95 95 95 96 96 95 94 95 95 96 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 96 95.6 Feb. 6 96 96 95 95 95 95 94 92 91 89 87 84 83 82 81 80 80 80 80 80 77 77 78 79 86.1 Feb. 7 79 79 81 82 83 83 83 84 85 85 85 87 90 90 91 92 92 92 92 92 90 89 87 86 86.6 Feb. 8 82 82 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 81 81 80 81 84 85 85 85 84 84 84 85 86 82.7 Feb. 9 86 86 87 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 94 94 95 93 91 90 90 91 91 90 88 85 85 83 89.8 Feb. 10 81 81 80 79 79 78 77 77 77 77 76 76 76 76 76 75 75 76 77 77 76 76 76 76 77.1 Feb. 11 75 75 75 76 76 76 76 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 76 76 76 76 76.4 Feb. 12 76 76 77 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 85 85 85 85 86 86 86 87 81.1 Feb. 13 86 86 85 84 82 82 81 80 80 80 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 78 78 77 80.5 Feb. 14 81 79 77 77 77 76 75 75 76 76 76 77 77 77 77 78 78 78 78 77 78 78 78 79 77.3 Feb. 15 81 79 80 79 79 79 79 77 77 76 75 75 76 76 76 77 77 77 77 77 74 74 74 74 76.9 Feb. 16 77 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 75 74 73 73 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 76 74.5 Feb. 17 77 77 77 76 76 76 78 79 79 79 78 77 76 76 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 74 73 74 76.0 Feb. 18 76 76 76 76 76 77 77 78 79 79 81 81 81 80 81 81 81 82 83 83 84 83 83 84 79.9 Feb. 19 85 S4 84 83 82 82 81 80 80 80 82 83 81 81 81 81 82 84 85 85 85 82 82 81 82.3 Feb. 20 81 81 80 79 78 77 76 76 75 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 75 75.9 Feb. 21 75 75 75 74 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 75 76 75 76 76 76 76 77 76 76 76 76 75 75.3 Feb. 28 75 74 74 74 73 72 72 72 72 72 71 71 70 71 71 71 72 72 72 72 71 71 71 72 72.0 Feb. 23 76 74 72 71 71 71 77 75 75 74 73 73 74 73 73 74 75 75 74 74 72 72 72 71 73.4 Feb. 24 75 79 76 74 72 72 72 71 71 70 70 70 71 71 71 71 72 72 72 72 70 72 75 73 72.2 Fob. 25 74 72 71 72 71 73 72 72 74 72 75 74 73 72 73 72 72 72 72 72 71 71 71 70 72.2 Feb. 26 73 74 71 71 70 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 68 69 70 70 70 71 72 72 72 72 70 70.3 Feb: 27 71 71 72 , 71 70 68 69 69 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 72 73 73 73 73 71 72 72 71.0 Feb. 28 76 73 74 80.4 80.2 73 73 79.8 74 79.9 75 77 79.9 77 80.1 79 79.9 78 79.8 76 JL 78 77 77 77 77 _!!_ 77 76 77 75 76.0 Means 81.1 80.7 79.9 79.8 79.8 79.5 79.7 79.9 80.4 80.6 80.8 80.8 E.2 79.9 80.0 79.8 80.1 1883. ■ Mar. 1 75 74 75 75 74 72 71 71 70 70 70 69 69 69 69 70 71 72 72 72 72 73 73 73 71.7 Mar. 2 73 72 72 72 72 71 71 71 71 71 70 71 71 72 72 72 72 72 73 73 74 73 73 75 72.0 Mar. 3 74 72 73 74 73 72 72 72 71 71 71 71 71 71 72 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 75 4 '76 72.6 Mar. 4 74 74 74 74 74 74 75 75 74 72 73 73 74 74 74 74 74 74 75 75 75 75 77 76 74.3 Mar. 5 76 76 75 75 74 75 75 76 77 77 78 79 80 81 80 79 79 79 79 79 74 74 75 77 77.0 Mar. 6 77 76 76 77 74 74 72 72 74 74 73 72 72 72 72 74 75 75 75 75 74 74 73 74 74.0 Mar. 7 75 75 74 74 72 » 71 72 73 72 71 71 71 72 74 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 74 73 74 73.5 Mar. 8 75 76 76 74 72 73 71 72 72 72 72 73 70 68 69 70 70 70 70 71 72 70 70 72 71.7 Mar. 9 70 71 71 72 71 71 70 69 68 68 67 68 69 69 70 70 70 71 71 71 71 71 70 71 70.0 Mar. 10 73 72 71 71 69 68 68 69 68 67 67 67 67 68 68 71 71 71 71 71 70 69 69 70 69.4 Mar. 11 71 71 71 69 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 69 68 70 71 71 71 70 71 71 71 72 72 74 70.0 Mar. 12 75 75 75 75 74 74 74 74 75 74 74 74 75 74 75 76 76 76 76 76 76 75 74 74 74.8 Mar. 13 76 74 74 76 72 72 72 73 74 74 73 73 71 72 72 73 73 73 73 73 70 70 69 71 72.6 Mar. 14 74 74 74 72 71 71 71 71 69 68 70 71 71 74 74 73 74 74 74 75 74 76 76 73 72.7 Mar. 15 73 71 71 72 71 71 70 70 70 70 70 70 71 71 67 68 70 72 72 72 73 73 74 75 71.1 Mar. 16 76 76 75 75 74 75 75 76 76 76 76 76 76 77 77 77 78 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 76.2 Mar. 17 78 78 78 80 77 76" 77 76 76 76 76 76 75 75 75 76 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 76 76.1 Mar. 18 76 75 75 75 73 73 73 72 73 73 75 74 74 74 74 75 76 76 76 77 77 76 77 77 74.8 Mar. 19 78 78 78 78 76 76 76 76 76 75 75 75 75 76 76 76 76 77 77 77 77 76 76 75 76.3 Mar. 20 74 73 73 73 71 71 73 76 75 75 75 75 75 76 76 76 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 78 75.0 Mar. 21 78 78 77 77 76 76 76 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 77.5 Mar. 22 79 79 79 79 79 80 79 79 79 80 80 80 80 80 80 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 80 82 80.0 Mar. 23 81 79 79 81 80 80 80 78 78 77 77 77 78 78 78 78 80 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78.5 Mar. 24 79 80 81 80 79 80 79 79 79 79 79 79 78 78 78 78 77 77 78 78 81 84 81 81 79.2 Mar. 25 81 84 86 88 90 90 91 91 91 90 89 90 90 90 90 89 89 89 89 93 87 85 83 84 88.3 Mar. 26 84 81 81 82 81 82 83 83 83 83 85 85 86 86 87 87 91 91 91 91 90 89 89 89 85.8 Mar. 27 87 86 86 86 86 86 85 85 85 84 84 84 85 85 89 88 87 86 86 85 84 83 83 82 85.3 Mar. 28 82 82 81 79 78 77 77 76 77 78 77 79 80 80 81 81 81 81 80 82 83 84 85 87 80.3 Mar. 29 88 88 88 88 88 88 87 87 87 88 88 87 87 87 89 89 89 88 88 90 88 85 88 90 87.9 Mar. 30 88 82 85 85 84 83 82 79 79 79 79 78 82 81 82 82 83 81 80 81 81 81 81 81 81.6 Mar. 31 81 77.4 83 76.9 82 77.0 82 77.1 82 82 82 81 79 79 81 81 83 84 84 84 83 81 79 78 77 80 79 79 81.1 Means. 76.0 75.9 75.7 76.0 75.6 75.4 75.5 75.6 75.9 76.2 76.5 76.9 77.2 77.1 77.1 77.5 77.0 76.8 76.8 77.4 76.5 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA. 259 Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. a a CS cm a CO a a a a a a a d O a" cj* a a A a p. a A a A a A lO a p. SB a A a A a A a A © a A a A -a 1883. Apr. 1 77 76 76 76 75 75 75 74 74 76 75 75 73 74 73 76 74 77 74 74 74 73 74 74 74.8 Apr. 2 74 74 76 74 73 74 73 73 73 71 72 74 72 73 73 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 73 ! 76 73.6 Apr. 3 77 75 75 74 73 72 72 71 72 72 71 71 73 73 74 74 75 75 75 75 74 74 74 75 73.6 Apr. 4 75 75 75 75 73 73 73 72 72 73 73 73 72 73 74 75 75 75 75 75 74 74 74 74 73.8 Apr. 5 75 77 76 76 75 75 75 75 74 74 75 73 71 71 72 71 71 71 71 70 71 71 70 72 73.0 Apr. G 72 72 75 75 73 73 72 73 73 73 73 73 72 73 71 71 72 72 72 72 72 73 73 72 72.6 Apr. 7 , 73 69 72 71 72 72 72 72 72 73 73 71 72 71 70 71 69 68 69 70 69 69 69 71 70.8 Apr. 8 74 74 74 74 72 72 72 72 73 73 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 76 76 75 75 75 75 74.1 Apr. 9 75 75 77 77 76 76 76 70 75 75 76 76 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 80 81 77.1 Apr. 10 81 81 81 81 80 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 79 80 80 81 81 81 81 80 80 80 80 80.1 Apr. 11 80 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 78 78 78 78 78 79 79 79 79 79 79 80 79.0 Apr. 12 80 80 80 81 78 78 78 78 79 79 80 80 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 79 78 79 80 79.2 Apr. 13 80 80 81 80 79 79 79 79 78 78 79 78 78 78 78 78 79 79 79 79 77 77 77 78 78.6 Apr. 14 7 ?, 78 78 79 78 78 77 77 77 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 77 78 78 78 79 78.0 Apr. 15 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 77 78 78 78 77 76 77 77 70 72 75 75 75 74 74 72 75 76.1 Apr. 16 74 77 77 78 76 76 75 74 73 74 72 74 74 74 75 75 76 76 76 76 72 72 72 72 74.2 Apr. 17 72 74 73 74 72 72 72 73 74 73 73 73 74 74 74 73 72 72 72 72 69 67 66 69 72.0 Apr. 18 68 74 71 76 72 72 72 72 72 71 71 72 72 72 74 74 72 70 70 70 71 72 74 74 72.0 Apr. 19 76 77 78 77 76 75 76 76 76 75 75 75 77 79 79 79 76 74 74 73 76 77 78 80 76.4 Apr. 20 83 83 82 84 82 82 83 82 83 82 82 79 79 77 78 80 80 80 80 80 79 81 80 81 80.9 Apr. 21 83 84 82 83 82 82 83 83 82 81 81 79 78 78 77 76 76 77 77 77 76 76 76 78 79.5 Apr. 22 79 79 79 79 76 72 76 76 76 75 74 72 70 70 69 71 75 76 77 77 76 75 75 74 74.9 Apr. 23 76 77 78 78 79 82 80 78 79 79 79 80 81 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 83 83 83 84 80.5 Apr. 24 85 85 85 84 82 82 82 82 84 83 84 84 83 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 81 80 80 ! 81 82.5 Apr. 25 84 85 84 84 84 84 83 84 84 84 84 85 85 84 84 83 83 83 82 82 81 81 82 84 83.5 Apr. 26 F4 St 84 84 83 82 82 83 83 83 83 83 82 81 82 82 82 82 81 81 84 82 81 82 82.5 Apr. 27 82' 80 80 79 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 79 79 78 77 76 76 76 75 75 74 72 76 79 78.0 Apr. 28 79 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 79 78 78 76 76 75 74 74 74 76 76 75 76 75 76 77.2 Apr. 29 79 80 80 81 79 80 81 82 82 82 80 79 79 77 76 75 75 74 73 73 73 74 75 79 77.8 Apr. 30 81 77.8 83 78.2 84 78.4 86 78.G 85 77.4 84 84 77.3 84 77.2 84 77.3 84 77.2 84 77.1 84 76.9 84 84 76.5 83 76.5 82 76.2 80 76.4 80 76.5 80 76.5 77 77 78 75.8 78 80 82.1 Means. 77.3 76.6 76.3 75.9 75. 9 177. 2 1 76. 9 1 1883. May 1 78 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 77 77 77 77 78 78 79 79 79 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 78.8 May 2 78 79 80 81 79 79 79 79 80 78 78 78 79 80 80 80 80 80 82 82 82 82 82 82 80.0 May 3 83 82 81 S3 SI 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 79 80 80 81 81 81 81 80 80 81 83 80.5 May 4 82 84 84 84 83 83 83 83 83 83 82 82 82 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 84 83 S5 83.1 May 5 86 86 87 87 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 85 83 83 84 84 88 89 91 91 91 91 90 91 87.0 May 6 92 93 90 92 89 90 92 95 95 94 91 92 88 85 83 83 82 82 82 82 82 83 86 87 87.9 May 7 86 ; 87 89 89 87 86 86 87 86 86 87 87 87 86 85 83 82 82 84 84 82 80 81 81 85.0 May 8 84 : 85 88 9J 87 88 88 89 87 86 83 83 83 82 80 78 78 78 79 79 80 81 80 81 83.2 May 9 82 87 88 86 86 86 86 86 86 88 88 87 87 88 88 86 84 80 78 79 81 82 82 83 84.8 May 10 86 88 89 91 91 93 94 95 93 93 90 89 88 86 85 86 86 84 83 83 83 81 82 83 87.6 May 11 82 86 86 86 85 87 87 88 89 89 89 88 87 89 88 87 87 87 87 87 85 87 88 89 87. 1 May 12 91 91 92 94 91 92 92 86 86 81 80 85 84 84 83 83 84 84 84 84 84 87 88 91 86.7 May 13 92 91 92 89 88 87 87 87 87 87 88 89 89 89 89 89 89 90 90 91 91 91 91 92 89.4 May 14 93 93 92 93 92 93 94 92 91 90 90 89 87 87 85 84 82 81 80 79 80 76 77 78 86.fi May 15 82 84 87 88 90 91 93 93 94 93 92 91 91 89 89 91 91 89 88 88 88 90 90 90 80.7 May 16 9i : 92 93 93 91 91 91 91 91 91 92 91 90 88 87 86 86 86 84 81 83 85 86 89 88.7 May 17 91 92 94 94 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 85 85 84 82 80 80 80 80 81 84 87.0 May 18 81 1 86 86 85 87 86 86 86 86 85 84 82 83 80 80 78 75 73 73 73 73 74 77 80 80.9 May 19 82 82 80 80 83 84 81 77 80 80 80 80 79 78 77 75 73 75 75 74 79 79 80 77 58.8 May 20 77 1 89 93 92 91 86 83 78 78 79 79 80 84 84 86 85 85 81 81 78 79 78 76 74 82.8 May 21 76 78 75 81 89 86 91 91 90 90 88 85 84 84 85 84 83 83 84 82 83 85 87 90 84.8 May 22 94 94 94 94 93 93 91 91 91 91 90 90 88 86 85 84 82 82 81 ' 81 80 82 82 84 87.0 May 23 86 j 87 87 88 88 88 89 89 89 88 87 86 84 83 82 80 79 78 78 79 80 83 87 90 84.8 May 24 86 | 89 89 91 91 90 90 90 90 88 88 88 87 85 84 84 85 84 84 82 82 84 87 89 87.0 May 25 90 1 91 90 89 90 91 94 93 92 88 87 84 83 80 80 76 76 76 77 81 83 82 83 86 85.1 May 26 , 89 91 91 92 92 92 92 94 94 93 92 91 91 89 88 86 85 85 85 83 86 90 90 92 89.7 May 27 '. 96 98 96 96 94 94 92 90 90 89 87 85 84 .84 83 82 81 80 81 83 80 82 83 84 87.2 Mav 28 84 88 91 94 . 92 90 90 94 92 87 85 82 83 82 82 81 83 84 83 83 85 89 90 88 86.8 May 29 88 89 92 92 94 93 88 87 85 88 88 89 89 88 89 89 89 92 90 89 89 89 89 PC 89.4 May 30 91 | 91 91 86 86 85 84 84 79 78 77 79 80 80 79 78 80 79 80 80 81 81 82 81 82.2 May 31 j 83 | S6.0 86 37.7 87 88 SS.6 88 87 88 88 89 90 86.6 90 89 89 86.4 81 84.0 80 . 83.5 81 82.9 81 79 82.2 83 82.3 86 82.2 82 82.5 83 86 88 85.5 Means.; 88.2 88.3 88.0 88.0 87.7 87.3 86.2 85.5 82.7 83.2 sir 85.2 85.3 260 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Table shoiving the moisture of the air at Vglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes.] 1883. July 1 •July 2 July 3 July 4 July 5 July 6 July 7 Julv 8 July 9 July 10 July 11 July 12 July 13 July 14 July 15 July 16 July 17 July 18 July 19 July 20 July 21 July 22 July 23 July 24 July 25 July 26 July 27 July 28 July 29 July 30 July 31 Means Date. a t3 a a a a a so a a 3© a ca 35 a a e3 a a a a a a a CO a A a p. A a A a A 30 a A a p. o a A a p, M 1883. June 1 88 90 90 91 91 91 92 92 93 90 91 89 88 87 86 86 85 84 82 80 83 84 84 85 87.5 June 2 89 89 89 86 86 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 86 86 86 84 81 78 80 78 80 77 78 80 84.0 June 3 86 88 90 90 88 87 85 87 86 85 87 82 79 R0 81 81 81 83 84 86 H4 86 86 84 84.8 June 4 89 90 89 90 90 90 92 92 92 91 92 90 89 86 86 82 83 80 80 78 78 79 81 80 80.2 June 5 85 83 87 88 87 89 90 94 92 91 91 89 88 86 85 80 78 81 80 80 80 83 Ffi 89 85.9 June 6 91 91 92 89 87 80 79 79 81 80 79 82 81 82 83 84 83 83 85 84 85 83 81 76 83.3 June 7 79 78 78 82 83 81 84 92 93 94 93 92 90 89 87 88 88 88 88 89 90 91 93 95 87.7 June 8 96 96 97 97 96 95 93 93 93 90 90 88 86 85 84 85 84 84 85 85 85 86 86 88 89.4 June 9 90 92 93 92 91 91 92 93 92 90 90 89 87 85 84 84 83 82 78 78 80 80 81 SO 86.5 June 10 81 80 81 82 82 83 S6 87 86 86 86 84 84 80 82 79 78 80 83 78 80 78 79 79 81.8 June 11 79 84 813 88 89 90 91 91 87 82 82 88 87 86 85 85 85 86 86 90 87 89 92 94 87.0 June 12 93 95 97 96 95 95 95 94 95 94 93 93 94 91 88 86 86 83 83 80 85 86 85 90 90.5 Juno 13 94 94 94 96 94 95 95 95 95 94 90 88 84 83 83 80 82 83 86 8fi 90 92 94 93 89.9 June 14 94 95 96 94 94 95 95 94 94 94 93 91 91 90 89 85 85 86 86 86 87 87 88 89 90.7 June 15 90 90 94 95 93 92 92 90 89 88 87 90 91 88 89 86 85 86 87 86 89 91 91 92 89.6 June 16 94 91 92 93 90 90 91 89 87 89 91 84 85 84 80 76 82 86 85 86 80 87 91 94 87.7 June 17 95 92 93 94 90 91 92 90 91 91 90 89 86 84 82 80 76 77 80 78 82 82 83 79 86.0 June 18 80 80 90 96 96 97 96 95 95 93 90 89 88 86 85 82 84 78 79 79 82 83 85 87 87.2 June 19 91 91 91 91 90 90 91 92 92 92 92 92 90 88 86 85 85 83 83 85 80 87 89 93 88.9 June 20 95 94 95 95 94 94 92 92 87 86 88 88 88 86 83 83 79 78 81 74 83 85 84 78 86.7 June 21 82 91 94 96 96 95 93 92 93 92 91 89 87 88 87 86 87 87 86 89 89 90 91 94 90.2 June 22 93 92 94 95 94 92 92 90 89 88 88 87 88 83 82 82 83 82 80 78 80 84 86 87 86.8 June 23 89 92 95 95 95 96 95 93 91 90 89 90 92 93 94 94 96 90 88 90 88 88 86 88 91.5 June 24 87 84 87 91 89 90 90 89 90 89 89 87 86 87 85 85 85 85 86 81 84 83 83 83 86.5 June 25 83 84 86 86 87 88 89 90 89 87 88 86 85 87 88 89 89 87 86 84 85 85 84 85 86.5 June 26 86 86 87 88 87 88 89 88 87 91 92 93 92 89 87 86 86 85 80 88 89 89 95 95 88.7 June 27 97 96 97 97 96 96 95 96 96 95 95 93 94 94 93 92 94 92 90 95 90 91 91 91 94.0 June 28 91 92 91 92 92 92 91 91 92 88 88 88 89 88 81 82 84 89 90 91 89 87 82 80 88.1 June 29 82 80 84 87 90 90 91 92 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 86 78 86 82 82 82 82 85 86.4 June 30 93 94 93 91 90 91 91 90 90 89 89 90 89 87 86 S5 82 85 83 85 83 86 81 83 87.7 Means 88.7 89.2 90.7 91.4 90.7 90.6 90.8 90.9 90.5 89.6 89.4 88.5 87.7 85.8 85.4 84.2 84.1 $8.6 84.0 83.7 84.7 85.3 85.9 86. 5 1 87.5 1 79 88.2 94 94 94 94 81 85 79 74 93 95 95 96 91 91 91 88 92 91 80 82 91 96 80 83 85 85 90 93 88 88 82 84 89.0 89.6 90. 3 90. 8 [90. 9 96 84 95 96 84 90 95 92 83 85 94 96 94 94 93 82 94 89 89 95 93 91 95 95 92 94 95 94 94 78 95 94 81 91 95 91 82 86 94 96 94 94 94 82 93 86 90 94 93 91 90. 9 89 88 86 84 84 86 88 88 91 91 91 94 93 92 92 91 94 95 95 96 95 96 95 94 94 94 94 94 94 93 93 93 95 95 96 9fi 96 92 90 91 94 93 88 85 89 89 90 93 92 92 92 93 92 93 90 88 90 93 90 85 87 85 88 90 93 93 93 90 88 89 87 88 89 87 87 88 88 87 87 90 95 94 94 95 95 95 94 93 94 94 91 91 88 88 88 88 94 93 93 92 89 86 87 80 79 79 77 77 77 81 85 89 94 92 92 90 92 87 85 82 82 83 83 81 80 81 82 82 76 76 83 83 85 88 89 91 91 90 90 90 87 87 92 95 95 95 94 90 90 90 90 89 88 85 84 84 81 79 82 82 81 79 79 80 84 84 85 83 84 83 83 83 84 84 84 86 95 95 95 95 95 95 94 91 92 91 90 91 87 87 89 89 94 94 94 94 94 92 94 94 94 92 93 94 88 87 88 84 86 87 87 86 88 89 84 84 83 82 81 84 83 84 84 86 90 90 90 87 85 87 87 85 86 85 84 82 85 87 89 89 94 95 94 94 94 92 90 91 89 86 88 84 84 83 84 88 88 87 89 86 85 85 84 81 83 86 88 85 84 84 84 82 78 78 78 80 80 82 81 83 80 80 82 81 79 79 76 76 87 87 85 82 86 84 82 80 80 94 92 92 92 90 87 87 94 93 93 94 92 92 92 91 92 92 90 85 86 89 90 92 95 94 93 92 89 88 85 84 87 88 80 82 89 88 87 91 94 94 94 91 92 90 90 90 89 66 88 84 86 88 89 89 92 85 84 86 86 87 85 84 85 84 86 84 85 89 89 93 94 94 94 94 94 85 83 84 84 82 82 79 78 77 73 76 80 79 78 82 83 80 70 82 82 82 82 84 84 82 83 86 91 90 90 85 84 82 83 82 82 80 81 81 79 72 74 78 80 77 75 74 72 73 74 72 72 75 74 73 72 72 74 77 89 82 76 77 77 76 73 70 70 80 70 SO 86 91 92 95 92 88 87 90 89 86 85 85 86 86 84 84 86 86 88 88 92 92 93 92 91 90 90 88 88 84 82 70 76 76 76 77 91 91 88 87 86 83 81 77 78 77 80 82 80 83 85 87 90.1 89.1 88.8 88.3 88.1 87.2 86.0 85.3 85.7 85.9 85.2 84.4 84.4 84.5 85.3 86.0 88.2 !;J.2 93 90.9 90.1 92.9 87.0 87.3 85.2 90.3 83.1 92.5 92.5 85.7 87.2 90.8 87.6 80.8 84.3 91.8 90.6 90.5 88.6 87.0 81.2 85.6 77.7 82.4 89.5 87.0 84.5 87.7 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 2ol Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1S81, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of tho hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes.] Date. a a (8 a a a a d a a c3 a eg a" a C3 S a a a a Ph a p. a P. a p. a Pi a a p. o a p. a o-. . pa ■" « « •* kQ s ** 00 35 - - 1 - 8 18. 37 9.45 6.00 8.41 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABPOW, ALASKA. 2i>5 Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. fHoijjlit of anemometer above surface of ground, 21 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to moan local time. — 5' 1 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour.] t a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a.m. a. m. 7 a. m. 8 a. m. 1) a. m. 10 a. n . 1! a. rr . 12 m. Date. 1 Direct on Direction Direction Direction : Direct on Direction Direction Direction Direction Directi an Direction Direction and and and and and and and and and and and and veloci y. velocity. velocity. velocity. : velocity. 1 velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocit; velocity 1882. .Tan. 1 ESE. 7 ESE. 9 ESE. 10 ESE. 17 ESE. 10 ESE. 10 ESE. 18 ESE. 12 ESE. 15 ESE. 15 ESE. 16 ESE. 17 Jan. 2 E. 14 E. 12 E. 10 E. 10 JE. 12 E. 10 E 14 E. 12 E. 9 E. 12 E. 14 E. \9, Jan. 3 E. 13 , E. 11 E. 12 E. 12 E. 12 E. 12 ENE. 12 ENE. 14 ENE. 15 ENE. 14 ENE. 12 ENE. 15 Jan. 4 ENE. 10 1 ENE. 10 ENE. 8 EKE. 8 ENE. 12 ENE. 11 ENE. 11 ENE. 11 ENE. 11 ENE. 9 ENE. 4 ENE. fi Jan. 5 E. 11 E. 8 E. 8 E. 8 ENE. 10 ENE. 5 ENE. o ENE. 8 ENE. 10 ENE. 10 ENE. 5 ENE. 4 Jan. (i Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Jan. 7 Calm. . j NE. 4 Calm. KB. 4 Calm. NE. 4 NE. 6 NE. 4 NE. 4 NE. i I : 4 Calm. Jan. 8 NE. 4 KE. 4 KE. 4 NE. 4 NE. 4 Calm NE. 5 NE. 6 NE. 7 NE. 10 NE. 7 NE. 4 Jan n NE. 11 ME. 8 KE. 7 NE. NE. 8 NE. 3 Calm. NE. 5 NE. NE. 8 NE. 8 KE. 7 Jan. 10 KE. ! HE. KE. 6 NE. 8 NE. 8 1 KE. 4 NE. 5 NE. 6 NE. 7 NE. 12 NE. 8 NE. 8 Jan. 11 ■ ENE. 18 1 EKE. 1R ENE. 18 ENE. 18 ENE. 20 | ENE. 20 ENE. 18 ENE. 19 ENE. 20 ENE. 20 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 Jan. 12 ENE. 28 ! ENE. 28 ENE. 27 ENE. 26 ENE. 28 ' EKE. 24 E. 24 E. 24 ENE. 22 SE. 24 S. 30 s-;w. 28 Jan. 1.1 W. 40 j W. 48 W. 48 W. 46 W. 48 1 W. 52 W. 52 W. 52 WSW. 52 W. 52 W. 52 WSW. 52 Jan. 14 W. 48 1 W. 40 w. 38 W. 42 W. 38 W. 38 W. 32 w. 32 w. 32 W. 32 W. 24 w. 24 Jan. l."> Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. WNW. 7 WNW. 7 NW. 10 N. 8 NNE. 10 NNE. 20 NNE. 9 Jan. 10 NNE. 10 ! KKE. 12 KE. 10 NE. 10 NE. 16 KE. 14 NE. 14 NE. 16 NE. 16 NE. 16 NE. 14 NE. 14 Jan. 17 ENE. 32 j ENE. 25 ENE. 26 ENE. 28 ENE. 28 ; ENE. 25 ENE. 28 ENE. 28 ENE. 32 E. 32 E. 30 E. 32 Jan. 18 ESE. 20 E. 20 E. 16 E. 12 E. 13 ] E. 11 E. 12 E. 12 E. 12 E. 16 E. 20 E. Jan. 19 E. 10 E. 13 E. 12 E. 14 E. 14 ! E. 14 E. 16 E. 10 E. 12 E. 12 E. 8 E. 8 Jan. 20 Calm. Calm. WKW. 9 WKW. 8 WNW. 8 WNW. 10 WNW. 12 WNW. 14 WNW. 14 WNW. 12 WNW. 10 WNW. 8 Jan. 21 SSW. 14 : S. 12 S. 14 S. 14 SSE. 17 j SSE. 24 SSE. 24 SSE. 24 SSE. 24 SSE. 28 SSE. 28 SSE. 28 Jan. 22 S. 40 I S. 46 s. 54 S. 54 S. 56 S. 52 S. 52 S. 52 S. 56 sw. 52 SW. 64 SW. 100 Jan. 23 \V. 34 W. 28 w. 28 w. 28 w. 28 W. 27 wsw. 28 w. 28 w. 28 w. 30 W. 28 WSW. 28 Jan. 24 w. 34 1 W. 34 w. 36 w. 34 w. 32 1 W. 32 w. 32 w. 28 w. 28 w. 32 W. 24 W. 20 Jan. 25 sw. 4 1 SW. 7 sw. 6 SE. 5 SE. 4 SE. 6 SE. 14 SE. 20 SE. 14 SE. 16 SSE. 18 SSE. 16 Jan. 20 w. 17 ! w. 14 w. 12 W. 16 W. 18 WNW. 24 WNW. 26 WKW. 24 WNW. 24 WNW. 26 WNW. 24 WNW. 20 Jan. 27 w. 24 ! W. 24 w. 22 w. 24 W. 24 W. 22 w. 22 w. 24 W. 24 W. 20 W. '.() w. 20 Jan. 28 ¥N¥. 7 i WNW. "WKW. 4 WKW. 6 WNW. 5 WNW. 5 WNW. 4 WKW. 4 WNW. 5 WNW. 5 WNW. 2 WNW. 3 Jan. 29 ' MKE. 9 NKE. 10 KNE. 8 NNE. 10 NNE. 9 NNE. 8 NNE. 8 NNE. 8 NNE. 8 NNE. 8 NNE. 8 NNE. 8 Jan. 30 N. 4 ! Calm. Calm. N. 4 N. 2 i Calm. Calm. N. 2 Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Jan. 31 ESE. 6 ESE. 2 EKE. 8 ENE. 8 ENE. 9 NE. 10 NE. 12 NE. 14 NE. 12 NE. 14 NE. 14 NE. 16 Means. 15.52 14.81 14.87 15.61 15.90 [ 15. 81 16.55 17.06 16.93 17.13 17.61 17.04 1 p. in. 2 p.m. 3 p. m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p. m. 10 p. m. 11 p.m. 12 p.m. Daily Datc - Directioi Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction mean ve locity. and and and and and and and and and and and and velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. 1882. Jan. 1 ESE. I 17 ESE. 14 E. 15 E. 20 E. 16 E. 16 E. 12 E. 12 E. 10 E. 14 E. 12 E. 12 13.83 Jan. 2 E. 9 i E. 8 E. 12 E. 12 E. 12 E. 12 E. 10 E. 5 E. 9 E. 10 E. 11 E. 12 10.95 Jan. 3 ENE. 13 ! ENE. 10 ENE. 14 ENE. 11 ENE. 10 EKE. 11 ENE. 12 ENE. 12 ENE. 12 ENE. 9 ENE. 10 ENE. 10 12.00 Jan. 4 ENE. 6 ! ENE. 4 ENE. 10 ENE. 5 ENE. 8 E. 4 E. 4 E. 7 E. 7 E. 6 E. 11 E. 10 8.04 Jan. 5 ENE. 4 j ENE. 3 Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. 4.12 Jan. G Calm. Calm. Calm. ! Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Jan. 7 NE. 4 | NE. 4 NE. 3 NE. 3 NE. 4 NE. 3 NE. 3 NE. 3 NE. 4 NE. 5 NE. 3 NE. 3 3 10 Jan. 8 NE. 5 ! NE. 4 NE. 4 NE. 4 KE. 5 NE. 4 NE. 7 NE. 11 NE. 8. NE. 6 NE. 6 KE. 9 5.50 Jan. 9 NE. 5 NE. 4 NE. 8 NE. 6 NE. 6 NE. 7 NE. 8 NE. 7 NE. 7 NE. 7 NE. 6 NE. 6 0.41 Jan. 10 NE. 10 I NE. 12 NE. 13 EKE. 16 ENE. 16 ENE. 16 ENE. 14 ENE. 14 ENE. 13 ENE. 16 ENE. 1G ENE. 17 10.70 Jan. 11 ENE. 28 ENE. 28 ENE. 28 EKE. 30 ENE. 24 ENE. 26 ENE. 32 ENE. 40 ENE. 36 ENE. 37 ENE. 32 ENE. 30 25. 3^ Jan. 12 SSW. 36 SSW. 38 SSW. 36 WSW. 40 WSW. 37 WSW. 44 WSW. 48 W. 40 WSW. 44 WSW. 47 W. 42 W. 52 34.04 Jan. 13 w. 52 WSW. 48 W. 48 W. 52 W. 52 W. 50 w. 48 W. 48 W. 45 WNW. ] 46 WNW.MG W. '48 49. 29 Jan. 14 w. 24 W. 13 w. 14 w. 15 WNW. 13 WNW. 12 WNW. 23 WNW. 4 WNW. 2 WNW. 6 WNW. 10 Calm. 23. 58 Jan. 1 5 NNE. 8 -NNE. 10 NNE. 8 ; NNE. 9 KKE. 8 NNE. 11 1 NNE. 11 NNE. 12 NNE. 11 NNE. 11 KKE. 8 NNE. 10 7.83 Jan. 16 ENE. 16 ENE. 16 ENE. 16 ENE. 17 ENE. "20 ENE. >23 ! ENE. ?fi ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 20 EKE. 2i ENE. 24 17.08 Jan. 17 E. 36 1 E. 36 E. 32 ! E. 35 E. 32 E. 28 E. 30 E. 24 E. 20 E. 16 ESE. 20 1 ESE. 20 28. 37 Jan. 18 E. 9 ! E. 9 E. 12 ; E. 20 E. 20 E. 22 E. n E. 17 E. 12 E. 15 E. J3 ' E. 11 15.08 Jan. 19 E. 7 E. 6 E. 5 I E. 4 E. 3 E. 4 E. 4 SE. 8 SE. 7 SE. 7 SE. 4 SE. 3 S. 70 Jan. 20 WNW. 7 WNW. 6 WNW. 4 WKW. 3 WNW. 4 WNW. 5 WKW. 4 WNW. 4 WNW. 4 SSW. 8 SSW. 4 SSW. 10 7.25 Jan. 21 SSE. 30 SSE. 36 S. 42 S. 45 S. 41 S. 37 SSE. 41 SSE. 40 SSE. 3G SSE. 33 SSE. 30 S. 40 2:1. 51) Jan. 22 SW. 80 SW. 96 WSW. '88 WSW. 80 w. 7i W. 04 W. 60 W. 44 W. 40 W. 44 W. 40 WSW. 30 Ei»,U0 Jan. 23 w 32 "WSW. 32 WSW. 38 WSW. 40 WSW. 40 WSW. 38 AVSW. 37 WSW. 39 WSW. 40 W. 30 W. 30 W. 34 32. 70 Jan. 24 w. 20 w. 20 w. 16 1 W. 15 w. 16 w. 11 W. 13 w. 12 W. 8 AVSW. 9 WSTV. 6 WSW. 5 21. 54 Jan. 25 SSE. 20 SSE. 18 S. 16 1 S. 12 s. 19 s. 20 SSW. 19 SSW. 20 SW. 10 SW. 10 SW. 12 WSW. 14 13.83 Jan. 26 WNW. 24 WNW. 24 w. '24 : W. '23 w. 23 w. 21 w. 19 w. 20 W. 19 W. 23 W. 24 W. 22 21. '.'9 Jan. 27 w. 16 WNW. 14 WNW. 15 ' WNW. 16 WNW. 16 WNW. 13 WKW. 10 WNW. 11 WNW. 8 WNW. 12 WNW. 10 WNW. 9 17.50 Jan. 28 WNW. 2 WNW. 3 WNW. 2 ! WNW. 4 WNW. 4 WNW. 7 K. 7 N. 6 NNE. 8 K. 7 NNE. 8 NNE. 9 5.04 Jan. 29 KNE. 8 KNE. 8 N. 9 : N. 8 N. 8 N. 8 N. 8 N. 6 N. 8 N. 8 K. 5 N. 4 7.91 Jan. 30 Calm. Calm. NE. 3 i ESE. 3 ESE. 6 ESE. 3 ESE. 5 ESE. 7 ESE. 7 ESE. 7 i ESE. 6 ESE. 2. 70 Jan. 31 NNE. 12 N. 12 NNE. 16 NNE. 15 K. 11 N. 17 N. 10 N. 15 N. 14 N. 14 N. 14 N. 8 , 12. 04 Means . . 17.01 17.29 17.17 18.10 17.01 17.32 17.83 16.51 15.77 15.97 15. CO 15. 29 10.59 1 Interpolated. 266 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA. Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August. 1883 — Continued. [Hei jht of anemometer above surface of groum , 21 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to re rluce to mean local time 5 h 17™. "Velocity given in m les per boar.] e. 1 a. m 2 a. m ' 3 a. m. 4 a. m 5 a. m 6 a. m 7 a. m 8 a. m 9 a. m 10 a. m. 11 a. re 12 in. Dal Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction Direction and i and velocity. | velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity 1882. Feb. 1 Feb. 2 Feb. 3 Feb. 4 N. SW. SSW. Calm. 12 9 14 N. SW. SSW. Calm. n 9 14 N. 11 SW. 8 SSW. 13 Calm. N. SW. ssw. Calm. 9 11 10 N. SW. SSW. Calm. 6 9 8 N. SW. SSW. Calm. 7 10 9 N. SW. SSW. Calm. 6 9 7 N. SW. ' SSW. Calm. 2 9 6 Calm. SW. SSW. Calm. 10 7 Calm. SW. SSW. Calm. 12 SW. SW. SSW. ssw. 6 10 2 2 SW. SW. SSW. Calm. 5 10 2 Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 5 6 7 8 9 SW. w.sw. wsw. SW. WSW. 8 25 10 9 18 SW. WSW. W. SW. wsw. 10 24 9 8 18 SSW. 10 WSW. 22 WSW. 15 SW. 9 WSW. 16 SSW. wsw. wsw. SW. wsw. 14 21 15 10 13 SSW. SW. wsw. SW. w. 16 22 14 10 22 SSW. ssw. wsw. SW. wsw. 16 24 12 12 16 SSW. wsw. wsw. wsw. AVSW. 18 22 8 14 17 SSW. wsw. wsw. wsw. wsw. 20 22 9 13 19 SSW. WSW. wsw. wsw. wsw. 20 20 10 12 18 SSW. w. AVSW. WSW. w. 20 21 12 12 18 ssw. w. wsw. wsw. w. ■20 24 11 12 22 S. SW. WSW. WSW. w. 18 24 10 8 22 Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 10 11 12 13 14 Calm. WJS'W. N. VV. S. WSW. 6 4 8 14 ssw. WNW. MW. S. WSW. 9 6 4 7 16 SSW. 10 WNW. 4 NW. 3 S. 7 WSW. 19 ssw. WNW. NW. s. wsw. 13 4 3 6 19 ssw. WNW. NW. s. wsw. 11 5 4 8 IS ssw. WNW. wsw. s. wsw. 7 6 4 7 18 ssw. WNW. wsw. s. wsw. 8 7 2 8 IS ssw. WNW. wsw. s. wsw. 8 5 4 8 18 ssw. WNW. wsw. s. wsw. 6 6 3 7 13 wsw. WNW. WSW. s. wsw. 8 5 5 7 16 wsw. WNW. wsw. s. wsw. 10 4 7 6 16 wsw. WNW. SSE. S. WSW. 10 5 4 8 10 Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 15 16 17 18 19 WSW. SW. NE. NE. SNE. 15 13 23 9 23 wsw. SW. NE. NE. N. 13 9 24 10 20 WSW. 13 SSW. 6 NE. 24 Calm. N. 22 wsw. ssw. NE. NE. N. 13 7 25 10 20 wsw. ssw. NNE. NE. NNE. 14 11 24 14 22 wsw. ssw. NNE. NE. NNE. 10 4 25 15 22 ssw. ssw. NNE. NE. NNE. 20 3 22 18 23 ssw. ssw. NNE. NNE. NNE. 18 4 18 20 24 ssw. ssw. NNE. NNE. NNE. 20 5 16 22 26 ssw. SSE. NNE. NNE. NNE. 18 6 16 20 25 sw. SSE. N. NNE. NNE. 26 8 14 22 28 SW. SSE. N. NNE. NNE. 18 8 10 22 22 Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 20 21 22 23 24 NNE. NNE. NNE. nn\t. wsw. 26 6 o 2 10 MSE. NNE. NNE. Calm. WN W. 24 5 5 9 NNE. 26 NNE. 6 NNE. 5 NNW. 4 WHW. 8 NNE. NNE. NNE. NNW. WNW. 25 6 7 3 5 NNE. NNE. NNE. Calm. WNW. 26 4 5 5 NNE. NNE. NNE. SW. WNW. 25 3 4 5 8 NNE. NNE. NNE. SW. WNW. 22 6 5 5 6 NNE. NNE. NNE. SW. WNW. 24 5 3 6 7 NNE. NNE. NNE. SW. WNW. 24 4 4 8 8 NNE. NNE. NNE. SW. WNW. 24 6 .4 8 7 NNE. NNE. NNE. SW. WNW. 22 6 4 6 5 NNE. NNE. NNE. SW. WNW. 22 3 5 6 5 Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 25 26 27 28 is .. SW. s. s. SW. 9 13 8 11 SW. s. s. SW. 8 12 8 16 SW. 8 i SSW. S. 10 i S. S. 8 ; ssw. SSW. 17 SSW. 11 4 9 24 SSW. S. SSW. ssw. 10 12 8 24 SSW. S. SW. SSW. 8 6 10 25 SSW. s. SW. ssw. 6 9 11 26 SSW. s. WNW. SSW. 5 6 16 27 SSW. s. NW. SSW. 9 8 18 28 SSW. s. NW. SSW. 8 7 19 32 SSW. s. NW. SSW. 6 8 24 32 SSW. s. NW. SSW. 8 6 24 30 Meai 10.96 11.00 10.85 11.32 11.85 11.35 11.64 11.64 11.85 12.21 13.00 11.82 1 p. m. Date. Direction and j velocity. 2 p. in. Direction and velocity. 1882. Feb. 1 SW. 8 Feb. 2 SW. 12 Feb. 3 SSW. 2 Feb. 4 SSW. 2 Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. S. 22 WSW. 24 WSW. 10 8 i WSW. 12 9 W. 22 Feb. 10 Feb. 11 Feb. 12 Feb. 13 Feb. 14 Feb. 15 Feb. 16 Feb. 17 Feb. 18 Feb. 19 Feb. 20 Feb. 21 Feb. 22 Feb. 23 Feb. 24 Feb. 25 Feb. 20 Feb. 27 Feb. 23 Means . . W. 10 WNW. 5 SSE. 4 S. 10 WSW. 16 SW. ENE. N. NNE. NNE. NNE. NNE. NNE SW. Calm. SSW. S. NW. SSW. 12. 39 SW. SW. Calm. SSW. S. W. SW. wsw. w. 22 W. 9 NW. 6 SSE. 4 SSW. 9 WSW. 16 SW. ENE. NE. N. NNE. NNE. NNE. N. SW. Calm. SSW. SSE. NW. SW. 15 11.75 3 p. m. Direction and velocity. 12 SW. SW. Calm. WSW. SSW. W. SW. wsw. w. WNW. 10 NW. *4 S. 4 SSW. 12 WSW. 14 SW. ENE. NE. N. N. NNE. 20 NNE. 3 N. 4 WSW. 5 WNW. 3 SSW. 12 SSE. 6 NW. 16 SW. 24 11.64 4 p. m. Direction and velocity. 5 p. m. G p. m. 7 p. m. Direction i Ditection Direction and and and velocity, j velocity. ! velocity. SW. SSW. Calm. Calm. SSW. W. SW. W. W. 12 WNW. 10 NW. 4 S. 6 SSW. 12 WSW. 16 SW. ENE. NE. N. N\ NNE. NNE. N. WSW. WNW. SSW. SSK. NW. SW. SW. SSW. Calm. Calm. SW. w. wsw. w. w. WNW. 10 Calm. SW. 11 WSW. 14 SW. 8 SW. 9 ssw. 12 SSW. 14 Calm. Calm. Calm. WSW. 4 SW. w. wsw. wsw. w. SW. w. WSW. 12 WNW. 11 NW. 5 S. 5 SW. 10 WSW. 14 SW. 20 NE. 18 NE. 7 N. 28 N. 24 12.39 NNE. NNE. N. WSW. wsw. ssw. SSE. NW. SW. 12.17 SW. NE. NE. N. N. NNE. NNE. N. WSW. wsw. ssw. SSE. NW. SW. 11.3! WSW. w. WNW. 12 NW. 5 S. 4 SW. 11 WSW. 15 SW. 18 NE. 18 NE. 5 N. 22 N. 26 NNE. NNE. N. WSW. WSW. ssw. SSE. NW. SW. 12.14 8 p. m. Direction and velocity. SW. SSW. Calm. WSW. 4 12 SW. 23 W. 16 WSW. 11 WSW. 20 W. 12 WNW. 10 NW. 5 S. 6 SW. 12 WSW. 16 SW. 16 NE. 20 NE. 4 N. 24 N. 26 NNE. 18 NNE. 5 N. 4 WSW. 4 WSW. 3 S. 12 SSE. 31 NW. 14 SW. 25 - 12. 17 9 p.m. | 10 p. m. Direction and velocity. SW. 8 SSW. 12 Calm. WSW. 7 SW. 20 WSW. 22 WSW. 12 WSW. 22 W. 12 WNW. 10 NW. 5 S. 6 SW. 14 WSW. 14 SW. NE. NE. N. N. NNE. 14 NNE. 4 N. 4 WSW. 2 WSW. 4 S. 1 SSE. 1 NW. 1 SW. 5 12.07 Direction and velocity. SW. 10 SSW. 16 Calm. WSW. 6 WSW. 24 WSW. 24 WSW. 12 WSW. 20 W. 6 WNW. 10 NW. 4 S. 5 SW. 16 WSW. 13 11 p. m. Direction and velocity. SW. NE. NE. N. N. SW. 10 ssw. io Calm. WSW. 2 WSW. 21 WSW. 17 WSW. 10 SW. 19 Calm. WNW. 8 NW. 4 S. 7 SW. 13 WSW. 14 SW. NE. NE. N. N. NNE. 16 NNE. 4 N. 4 W. 7 SW. 9 S. S. NW. SW. 12.85 NNE. 16 NNE. 5 NNW. 3 W. 6 SW. 8 S. s. w. SW. 24 11.75 12 p. m. Direction • and velocity, i Daily mean ve locity. SW. 10 SSW. 20 Calm. SW. 6 WSW. 18 WSW. 12 WSW. 8 SW. 20 Calm. WNW. 8 NW. 5 S. 10 SW. 12 WSW. 14 SW. 14 NE. 24 NE. 9 NNE. 20 NNE. 26 NNE. 7 NNE. 4 Calm. WNW. 6 SW. 7 S. S. SW. SW. 12 11.21 7.41 11.58 4.16 1.54 18.95 21.83 10.58 32.16 16.28 9.08 4.79 4.70 9.54 15.70 17.00 12.12 13.91 19.00 23.54 21.18 4.37 4.08 4.41 5.41 10.33 8.75 13.79 24.58 11.81 EXPEDITION TO TOINT BA1IECW, ALASKA. 267 Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Vglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. {Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 21 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17"'. Velocity given in miles per hour.] 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. in. 4 a. m. 5 a. n . (5 a. m. 7 a. m 8 a. in a. si) 10 a. m. f 1 a. m. 12 m. Date. Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction • Direction and and and and and and and and and and and and velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity velocity. velocity. velocity. velocit v. Velocity. velocity. velocity 1882 Mar. 1 sw. 24 SW. 17 SW. 20 WSW. 20 SW. 10 WSW. 14 W. 23 W. 18 WSW. 19 WSW. 20 WSW. 10 WSW. 17 Mar. 2 wsw. 28 WSW. 20 WSW. 20 WSW. 24 WSW. 20 W. 22 W. 22 W. 22 W. 16 WSW. 14 WSW. 12 SW. 12 Mar. 3 SE. 12 SE. 16 SE. 14 SE. 17 SE. 16 SE. 16 SE. 16 SE. 12 SE. SE. 8 SE. 8 SE. 4 Mar. 4 SSW. 4 HE. 6 KE. 18 NE. 14 NE. 15 NE. 10 NE. 14 NE. 10 NE. 20 NE. 21 NE. 20 NE. 20 Mar. 5 EKE. 2S E. 20 E. 26 ENE. 28 E. 20 ENE. 25 E. 27 E. 28 E. 32 ESE. 32 E. 32 ESE. ?4 Mar. C SSE. 14 ESE. 12 ESE. 15 ESE. 14 ESE. 12 ESE. 12 ESE. 11 ESE. 10 ESE. 10 ESE. 13 ESE. 12 ESE. 10 Mar. 7 ESE. 10 ESE. 15 ESE. 13 ESE. 15 ESE. 15 ESE. 18 ESE. 10 ESE. 13 ESE. 16 ESE. 16 ESE. 8 ESE. 18 Mar. 8 ESE. 14 ESE. 15 ESE. 15 ESE. 19 ESE. 18 ESE. 10 ESE. 19 ESE. 20 E<.E. 19 ESE. 16 ESE. 15 SE. 16 Mar. 9 S. 11 SSW. 12 SSW. 11 SSW. 14 S. 18 S. 10 SSE. 16 SSE. 17- SSE. 10 SSE. 19 SSE. 15 SSE. 16 Mar. 10 s. 12 S. 11 SSW. 12 SW 4 SSW. S. S. 4 S. 8 S. 8 SSW. S SSW. (i SSW. 3 Mar. 11 WW. 16 WNW. 17 WNW. 21 WNW. 22 w. 24 W. 23 W. 24 w. 20 w. 24 W. 20 W. 26 w. 26 Mar. 12 wsw. 9 WSW. 7 SW. 9 ssw. 10 SSW. 10 SSW. 12 S 14 s. 18 SSE. 20 SSI*:. 22 SSE. 20 s. Ifi Mar. 13 w. 26 WNW. 24 WNW. 27 WNW. 22 WNW. 20 W. 24 w. 20 w. 17 WSW. 13 WSW. 13 SW. 10 SSW. 12 Mar. 14 sw. 14 WSW. 13 WSW. 19 WSW. 18 WSW. 12 >iW. 12 SW. 8 SW. 10 SW. 8 SSW. 5 SSW. 6 SSW. 6 Mar. 15 N. 11 N. 8 N. 8 N. 8' N. « N. 6 N. N. 6 N. a N. 4 N. N. 6 Mar. 10 ENE. 14 ENE. 13 ENE. 16 ENE. 17 ENE. 10 ENE. 16 ENE. 10 E. 18 E. 18 E. 20 E. 20 E. 18 Mar. 17 E. 30 E. 30 E. 29 E. 33 ESE. 30 ESE. 26 ESE. 34 ESE. 34 ESE. 30 ESE. 36 ESE. 36 ESE. 33 Mar. 18 ESE. 31 ESE. 32 ESE. 33 ESE. 24 ESE. 28 ESE. 27 ESE. 26 ESE. 28 ESE 24 ESE. 25 ESE. ?,>, ESE. ??, Mar. 19 ESE. r, ESE. (! sn;. 6 SE. 4 Calm. SW. 3 SW. 4 W. 6 W. 6 W. 6 W. 4 W. 3 Mar. 20 WNW. 17 WNW. 19 WNW. 21 WNW. 16 WNW. 19 NW. 16 NW. 10 NW. 13 NW. 11 NW. 7 NW. 7 WNW. 7 Mar. 21 SSW. 5 SSW. 4 SSW. 3 SSW. 4 SSW. 4 Calm. SSW. 3 SSW. 3 SSW. 4 SSW. 2 SSW. 3 SSW. 3 Mar. 22 SSE. 7 SSE. 16 SSE. 15 SSE. 24 SSE. 18 SSE. 12 s. 18 SSW. 12 SSW. 12 SSW. 14 s. 9 S. 14 Mar. 23 SSW. 16 SSW. 16 SSW. 16 SSW. 15 SSW. 14 SSW. 12 SW. 10 WSW. 21 W. 18 w. 22 w. 22 W. ?,■> Mar. 24 w. 21 W. 24 w. 21 w. 24 w. 23 W. 22 w. 24 w. 20 W. 18 w. 20 w. 22 w. 25 Mar. 23 w. 24 W. 24 w, 23 w. 19 w. 18 W. 16 w. 20 WNW. 22 WNW. 18 WNW. 20 WNW. 20 WNW. 18 Mar. 26 w. 13 w. 21 w. 18 w. 20 w. 10 W. 16 w. 14 w. 14 W. 12 W. 12 w. 18 W. 14 Mar. 27 SSE. 8 SSE. 5 SSE. 4 SSE. 3 SSE. 4 SSE. 3 SSE. 4 w. 4 w. 5 w. 6 w. 5 NW. 6 Mar. 28 NW. 12 NW. 12 NW. 11 NW. 10 NW. 8 N W. 10 NW. 10 NW. 10 NW. 12 NW. 13 NW. 16 NW. 16 Mar. 29 W. 32 w. 32 W. 30 WSW. 28 W. 32 WSff. 32 W. 30 W. 32 w. ■ 30 w. 30 WSW. 28 WSW. 32 Mar. 30 WNW. 24 WNW. 23 WNW. 23 WNW. 23 WNW. 18 WNW. 14 WNW. 18 WNW. 13 WNW. 14 WNW. 16 WNW. 12 WNW. 12 Mar. 31 WNW. 6 WNW. 7 WNW. 7 WNW. 9 WNW. 9 WNW. 8 WNW. 8 WNW. 9 WNW. 10 WNW. 12 WSW. 12 WSW. 12 Means -- 16.29 16.22 16.85 16.83 15.70 15.19 15.90 16.12 15.48 15.90 15.09 14.90 1 p. m. 2 p. m. 3p. IT . i p. IB . 5 p. n . ■ () p. B3 . 7 p. ir . 8 p. n. . 9 p. m. 10 p. m. 11 p. in. 12 p. m. Daily Date. Direction Direction Direction Direction Directi on Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction mean ve- locity. and and and and and and and and and and and and velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocit y. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. 1882. Mar. 1 WSW. 16 SW. 12 SW. 14 SW. 13 SW. 12 SSW. 14 SSW. 20 SW. 20 SW. 24 SW. 26 SW. 28 SW. 32 18. 95 Mar. 2 WSW. 14 WSW. 10 SW. 12 SSW. 10 SSW. 11 SSW. 10 SSW. 8 SSW. 5 SSW. 5 S. 9 S. 5 SSE. 10 14. 70 Mar. 3 SE. D SE. 8 SE. S SE. 8 SE. 8 SE. .i S. SSW. 8 SSW. 4 SSW. 3 Calm. SSW. 2 8.75 Mar. 4 NE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 22 NE. 22 NE. t.\ ENE. 24 ENE. 28 ENE. 24 ENE. 28 ENE. 25 ENE. 28 ENE. 30 19.91 Mar. 5 ESE. 28 ESE. 22 ESE. 28 ESE. 27 ESE. 28 ESE. 32 ESE. 24 ESE. 24 ESE. 24 ESE. 20 ESE. 20 ESE. 23 26.15 Mar. 6 ESE. 7 ESE. 12 E. 18 E. 19 E. 19 E. 22 ESE. 10 ESE. 20 ESE. 20 ESE. 18 ESE. 19 ESE. 14 14.54 Mar. 7 ESE. 18 ESE. 16 ESE. 12 SE. 16 SE. 14 SE. 14 SE. 14 SE. 9 SE. 10 ESE. 11 ESE. 9 ESE. 11 13 87 Mar. 8 SSE. 19 SSE. 20 S. 19 S. 10 S. 10 SSW. 12 SSW. 12 SSW. 14 SSW. 16 SSW. 22 SSW. 19 SSW. 10 16.79 Mar. 9 S. 15 SSW. 10 SW. 28 WSW. 27 WSW. 24 SW. 18 SW. 12 SW. 16 WSW. 19 SSW. 16 SSW. 12 SSW. 1 1 16.45 Mar. 10 SSW. 3 SW. 4 WSW. 4 WSW. 3 WSW. 3 WSW. 2 W. 4 WNW. 6 WNW 7 WNW. 4 WNW. 10 WNW. 10 8. 25 Mar. 11 W. 20 W. 22 w. 24 w. 22 WSW. 22 W. 18 W. 23 W. 18 W. 16 WSW. 13 WSW. 11 WSW. 9 20. 45 Mar. 12 s. 18 S. 17 SSW. 18 SSW. 14 S. 12 S. 16 10 S 12 W. 6 WNW. 22 W. 22 W. 28 15.33 Mar. 13 SW. 16 SSW. 12 SSW. 20 s. 16 s. 19 S. 22 s. 24 s. 24 SW. 24 SW. 24 SW. 19 SW. 18 19.41 Mar. 14 SSW. SSE. 2 Calm. NNW. 3 N. 4 NNE. 14 NNE. 15 N. 16 N 21 N. 16 N 14 N. 14 10.00 Mar. 15 N. 8 •N. 8 N. N. 8 N. 8 N. 8 ENE. 8 ENE. 8 NE. 12 ENE. 12 ENE. 13 ENE. 12 7 05 Mar. 16 E. 24 E. 25 E. 26 E. 25 E. 28 E. 28 E. 32 E. 30 E. 28 E. 28 E. 28 E. 31 22.29 Mar. 17 ESE. 32 ESE. 36 ESE. 30 SE. 38 ESE. 30 ESE. 34 ESE. 32 ESE. :;o ESE. 30 ESE. 28 ESE. 29 ESE. 23 32 01 Mar. 18 ESE. 22 ESE. 16 ESE. 18 ESE. 18 ESE. 15 ESE. 20 ESE. 16 ESE. 16 ESE. 6 ESE. 9 ESE. 9 ESE. 8 20. 62 Mar. 19 W. s 3 S. SW. 7 SW. 6 SW. 7 SW. 9 SW. 12 SW. 11 SW. 11 SW. 10 W. 15 6. 54 Mar. 20 NW. 9 NW. 9 NW. 7 NW. NW. 10 NW. 8 NW. 3 NW. 3 NW. 4 SSW. 8 SSW. 7 SSW. 8 10. 04 Mar. 21 SSE. 3 SE. 3 SSE. 3 SSE. 3 SSE. 4 SSE. 12 SW. 4 S. 6 S. 14 SSE. 7 SSE. 23 SSE. 10 5. 66 Mar. 22 SSW. 10 S. 16 S. 16 S. 15 S. 14 S. 14 SSW. 14 SSW. 9 SSW. 8 WSW. 16 WSW. 16 SW. 12 14.04 Mar. 25 W. 22 W. 22 W. 16 W. 20 W. 17 W. 19 W. 23 W. 23 W. 24 W. 24 W. 20 W. 23 19.04 Mar. 24 w. 22 W. 22 w. 24 W. 24 W. 24 W. 24 w. 24 W. 28 WNW 24 WNW. 28 WNW. 20 WNW. 24 23. 58 Mar. 25 WNW. 20 WNW. 18 WNW. 20 WNW. 18 W. 20 w. 17 w. 16 W. 18 W. 14 W. 16 W. 10 W. 13 18.06 Mar. 20 w. 9 W. 7 w. 10 w. 12 w. 15 w. 11 w. 7 w. 3 Calm. Calm. SSE. 7 SSE. 5 11.41 Mar. 27 NW. 8 NW. 8 NW. 9 NW. 14 NW. 10 NW. 11 NW. 12 NW. 13 NW. 14 NW. 13 NW. 11 NW. 13 8.04 Mar. 28 W. 18 W. 18 W. 20 WSW. 22 W. 24 w. 31 W. 28 WSW. 28 WSW. 27 W. 32 W. 32 WSW. 31 18.79 Mar. 29 AVSW. 32 WSW. 28 W. 28 w. 32 W. 32 w. 32 w. 32 w. 26 W. 30 W. 30 W. 25 WNW. 25 30. 00 Mar. 30 WNW. 8 WNW. 9 WNW. 9 WNW. 9 WNW. 11 WNW. 11 WNW. 12 WNW. 10 WNW 10 WNW. 11 WNW. 7 WNW. 8 13.54 Mar. 31 WSW. 1G W. 15 W. 14 W. 15 W. 15 W. 13 WNW. 20 WNW. 17 WNW. 20 WNW. 19 WNW. 16 WltW. 18 12.79 Means .. 15.61 15.63 15.96 10.19 10.10 17 .OK 16 58 16.00 15. 48 16.84 16.48 10.70 16.08 268 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARKOW, ALASKA. Statement showing the direction, and velocity of the wind at JJglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 21 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17". Velocity given in miles per hour.] 1 a. m . . 2 a. m 3 a. m 4 a. m 5 a. m 6 a. m 7 a. m 8 a.m. 9a.m. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 m. Date. Direction Direction j Direction | Direction Direction Direction Direction Directi ■n Direction Direction Direction Direction and and ana and and and and and and and and and velocity. velocity. velocity, j velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity 1882. Apr. 1 WNW. 14 WNW. 14 WNW. 20 I WNW. 18 WNW. 18 WNTW. 20 WNW. 16 WNW. 20 WNW. 17 WNW. 16 WNW. 12 WNW. IS Apr. ■ 2 W. 8 W. 7 WSW. 9 WSW. 7 WSW. 7 WSW. 8 WSW. 7 WSW. 7 WSW. 6 WSW. 6 WSW. 4 WSW. 4 Apr. 3 ssw. 6 SSW. 5 SSW. 3 SSW. 3 SSW. 5 SSW. 2 ssw. 2 SSW. 2 SSW. 2 Calm. Calm. S. 2 Apr. 4 s. 4 S. 2 S. 5 S. 3 S. 4 S. 3 s. 2 Calm. Calm. S. 3 ESE. 3 ESE. 2 Apr. 5 ESE. 5 ESE. 5 ESE. 8 ESE. 10 ESE. 4 ESE. 7 ESE. 6 ESE. ESE. 7 ESE. 10 ESE. 8 ESE. 7 Apr. 6 ESE. 14 ESE. 11 ESE. 9 ESE. 9 ESE. 7 ESE. 7 ESE. 11 ESE. 9 ESE. 13 ESE. 13 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 Apr. 7 ESE. 17 ESE. 20 SE. 20 SE. 20 SE. 19 SE. 20 SE. 22 SE. 21 SE. 23 SE 24 SE. 24 SE. 24 Apr. 8 SSE. 18 SSE. 17 SE. 14 SE. 13 SE. 14 SE. 14 SE. 7 E. 4 ESE. 8 ESE. 10 ESE. 12 ESE. 12 Apr. 9 WNW. 3 WNW. 4 WNW. 2 WNW. 7 WNW. 3 WNW. 3 WNW. 2 WNW. 4 WNW. 3 WNW. 3 WNW. 3 WNW. 5 Apr. 10 wsw. 3 WSW 3 WSW. 5 WSW. 4 WSW. 4 WSW. 2 SSW. 3 SSW. 3 Calm. SE. 3 ENE. 5 ENE. 4 Apr. 11 s. 3 S. 5 s. 4 S. 1 SE. 6 SE. 3 SE. 6 SE. 4 SE. 4 SE. 8 SE. 5 SE. 5 Apr. 12 SE. 24 SE. 1:2 SE. 24 SE. 20 SE. 18 SE. 22 SE. 19 SE. 17 SE. 17 SE. 12 SE. 12 SE. 14 Apr. 13 SE. 4 SE. 8 SE. SE. 7 Calm. SE. 4 Calm. SE. 3 SE. 2 SE. 4 E. 4 WNW. 12 Apr. 14 WNW. 19 WNW. 19 WNW. 19 WNW. Id WNW. 18 WNW. 14 WNW. 10 WNW. - 10 WNW. 10 WNW. 6 WNW. 7 WSW. 7 Apr. 1 5 SSE. 12 SSE. 7 SE. 8 ESE. 12 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 10 ESE. 11 ESE. 11 ESE. 9 ESE. 8 Apr. 16 ESE. 13 ESE. 12 ESE. 11 SE. 10 SE. 10 SE. 8 SE. 8 SE. 10 SSW. 4 SSW. 2 SE. 6 SE. 6 Apr. 17 WNW. 4 WNW. 7 WNW". 7 WNW. 12 WNW. 15 WNW. 16 WNW. 14 WNW. 12 WNW. 13 WNW. 16 WNW. 12 WNW. 14 Apr. 18 WNW. 15 WNW. 12 WNW. 11 ' WNW. 8 WNW. 6 WNW. 7 SSW. 11 SSW. 12 SSW. 12 WSW. 10 WSW. 7 WSW. 9 Apr. 19 WSW. 6 WSW. WSW. 5 : w. 5 W. 6 W. 4 W. 4 W. 5 w. 6 W. 8 W. 8 AV. 7 Apr. 20 NNE. 6 NNE. NNE. 5 | NNE. 5 NNE. 3 NNE. 2 NNE. 4 NNE. 3 NNE. 3 NNE. 4 NNE. 5 NNE. 4 Apr. 21 N. 4 N. 4 N. ' 6 1 N. 2 N. 3 N. 2 N. 1 Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Apr. 22 W. 10 W. 8 W. 11 1 W. 11 W. 10 W. 10 W. 12 W. 10 W. 12 W. 15 W. 16 W. 16 Apr. 23 WNW. 22 WNW. 17 WNW. 10 1 WNW. 17 WNW. 13 WNW. 12 WNW. 10 WNW. 10 WNW. 9 WNW. 7 SW. 6 SW. 7 Apr. 24 ESE. 18 S. 23 S. 23 S. 22 s. 20 SSW. 20 SSW. 21 SSW. 28 SSW. 28 SSW. 28 SSW. 30 SSW. 28 Apr. 25 SW. 15 SW. 9 SW. 7 < SW. 7 SW. 6 Calm. SSE. SSE. 5 SSE. 7 ESE. 10 ESE. 11 ESE. 12 Apr. 26 E. 28 ESE. 29 ESE. 24 ESE. 24 ESE'. 26 ESE. 27 ESE. 26 ESE. 22 ESE. 18 ESE. 20 ESE. 16 ESE. 12 Apr. 27 S. 9 S. 10 S. 13 SSW. Q SSW. 10 SSW. 12 S. 9 S. 12 S. 14 S. 12 S. 12 S. 16 Apr. 28 SSW. 15 SSW. 16 SSW. 16 ■SW. 17 SW. 16 SW. 14 SW. 14 SW. 18 SW. 15 WSW. 15 WSW. 12 SSW. 9 Apr. 29 S. 15 s. 7 s. 15 SSW. 12 SSW. 11 SSW. 14 SSW. 12 SSW. 14 SSW. 15 SSW. 10 SSW. 12 SSW. 12 Apr. 30 W. 19 WNW. 29 WNW. 29 WNW. 38 WNW. 34 WNW. 34 WNW. 26 WNW. 26 WNW. 28 WNW. 22 WNW. 20 WNW. 18 Means. 11.76 11.40 11.83 11.63 10.80 10.03 9.93 10.23 10.23 10.2C 9.63 9.90 1 p. m 2 p. m 3p.m 4p.m . 5 p. m . 6 p.m. 7 p. li . 8p.ii . 5) p.m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily Date. Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Directi on Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction mean ve- locity. and and and and and and and and and and and and velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. 1882. Apr. 1 WNW. 14 WNW 13 W. 12 W. 14 W. 12 W. 11 W. 12 W. 10 W. 12 W. 7 W. 5 W. 8 13.67 Apr. 2 WSW. 6 WSW. 4 WSW. 4 WSW. 6 SW. 4 SW. 4 SW. 7 SW. 5 SW. 6 SW. 4 SSW. 7 SSW. 5 5.92 Apr. 3 s. 2 Calm. S. 2 Calm. Calm. S. 3 s. 3 Calm. Calm. S. 4 S. 3 S. 4 2.20 Apr. 4 ESE. 4 ESE. 1 ESE. 4 ESE. 3 ESE. 2 ESE. 6 ESE. 7 ESE. 7 ESE. 8 ESE. 5 ESE. 5 ESE. 5 3.66 Apr. 5 ESE. 7 ESE. 6 ESE. 6 ESE. 10 ESE. 8 ESE. 10 ESE. 11 ESE. 9 ESE. 11 ESE. 12 ESE. 11 ESE. 12 8.16 Apr. 6 ESE, 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 12 ESE. 16 ESE. 11 ESE. 14 ESE. 14 ESE. 15 ESE. 12 ESE. 13 ESE. 13 ESE. 12 11.12 Apr. 7 SE. 24 SE. 20 SE. 18 SE. 18 SE. 22 SSE. 22 SSE. 18 SSE. 14 SSE. 16 SSE. 16 SSE. 20 SSE. 16 19.92 Apr. 8 ESE. 4 Calm. ESE. 4 ESE. 4 ESE. 2 E. 6 E. 7 Calm. WNW. 4 WNW. 2 WNW. 3 WNW. 3 7.58 Apr. 9 WNW. 5 WNW. 4 WNW. 6 WNW. 6 WNW. 4 WNW. 3 WNW. 2 WNW. 3 Calm. SSW. 2 SSW. 2 SW. 3 3.42 Apr. 10 ENE. 4 E. 4 ESE. 8 ESE. 6 ESE. 8 ESE. 5 ESE. 5 ESE. 4 ESE. 5 ESE. 7 WSW. 5 S. 6 4.42 Apr. 11 SE. 7 SE. 8 SE. 9 SE. 9 SE. 13 SE. 11 SE. 16 SE. 16 SE. 18 SE. 16 SE. 19 SE. 21 9.04 Apr. 12 SE. 9 SE. 10 SE. 12 SE. 12 SE. 11 SE. 12 SE. 15 SE. 8 SE. 6 SE. 10 SE. 10 SE. 10 14.42 Apr. 13 WNW. 22 WNW. 22 WNW. 20 WNW. 22 WNW. 22 WNW. 20 WNW. 21 WNW. 23 WNW. 22 WNW. 20 WNW. 18 WNW. 18 12.67 Apr. 14 WSW. 6 WSW. 5 WSW. 6 WSW. 5 SW. 7 SW. 5 SW. 8 SSW. 4 SSW. 8 S. 10 SSE. 12 SSE. 12 10.12 Apr. 15 ESE. 12 ESE. 14 ESE. 12 ESE. 17 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 10 ESE. 11 ESE. 14 ESE. 14 ESE. 15 ESE. 12 10.79 Apr. 16 ' SE. 5 SE. 4 SE. 4 SE. 2 SE. 7 SE. 5 SE. 5 SE. 4 SE. 5 SE. 2 SE. 3 AVNW. 3 6.21 Apr. 17 i WNW. 16 WNW. 14 WNW. 16 WNW. 14 WNW. 16 WNW. 14 WNW. 14 WNW. 14 WNW. 15 WNW. 12 WNW. 12 WNW. 15 13.08 Apr. 18 ! SW. 8 SW. 9 SW. 9 SW. 10 SW. 8 SW. 8 SW. 8 SW. 8 SW. 8 SW. 8 WSW. 8 WSW. 6 9.00 Apr. 19 | W. 6 w. 8 W. f> w. 5 w. 1 W. 2 W. 3 w. 3 W. 2 W. 4 W. 4 W. 4 4.83 Apr. 20 ! NNE. 8 NNE. 8 NNE. 8 NNE. 9 NNE. 7 NNE. 7 NNE. 8 NNE. 6 NNE. 8 NNE. 7 N. 4 N. 4 5.54 Apr. 21 Calm. SW. 7 WSW. 7 WSW. 7 W. 8 W. 8 W. 9 W. 8 W. 9 W. 11 W. 12 W. 10 4.91 Apr. 22 W. 16 w. 22 W. 24 W. 24 w. 24 WNW. 28 WNW. 24 WNW. 21 WNW. 22 WNW. 24 WNW. 19 WNW. 20 17.04 Apr. 23 SW. 8 SW. 10 SSW. 8 SSW. 8 ssw. 9 SSE. 14 SSE. 14 SSE. 18 SSE. 18 SSE. 21 SSE. 23 SSE. 20 13.21 Apr. 24 SS W. 32 SSW. 30 SSW. 32 SSW. 26 SSW. 24 SSW. 2S SSW. 24 SSW. 20 SSW. 20 SSW. 20 SSW. 20 SW. 15 21.17 Apr. 25 E. 12 E. 16 E. 12 E. 16 E. 16 E. 19 E. 20 ESE. 21 ESE. 20 E. 14 E. 19 E. 21 12.62 Apr. 26 ESE. 12 ESE. 9 ESE. 5 ESE. 7 ESE. 8 ESE. 6 ESE. 8 ESE. 4 ESE. 7 SSE. 8 SSE. 12 SSE. 12 15.41 Apr. 27 S. 16 S. 18 S. 18 SSE. 19 s. 14 S. 18 S. 17 S. 17 S. 16 S. IS S. 17 SSW. 14 14. 07 Apr. 28 SSW. 12 SSW. 14 SSW. 12 SSW. 12 ssw. 12 SSW. 6 SSW. 7 SSW. 7 SSW. 10 SSW. S SSW. 11 SSW. 7 12.29 Apr. 29 1 SSW. 12 SSW. 12 SSW. 12 SSW. 12 SSW. 14 SW. 14 SW. 20 SW. 16 SW. 18 SW. 17 WSW. 19 WSW. 20 13.96 Apr. 30 WNW. 20 WNW. 18 W N W. 18 WNW. 16 WNW. 16 WNW. 14 WNW. 14 WNW. 12 W. 14 W. 12 W. 12 AT. 10 20 79 Means ' 10.-66 10.60 10.83 11.16 10.60 11. 03 11.70 9.96 11.13 10.90 11.43 11 37 10.81 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 209 Statement showing the direction and velocity of the ivind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 18S3 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 21 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 b 17'". Velocity given in miles per hour. Date. 1882. May 1.. May 2.. May 3.. May 4.. May 5-. May 6. May 7.. May 8- May 9.. May 10.. May 11.. May 12.. May 13.. May 14.. May 15.. May 10.. May 17.. May 18.. May 19.. May 20. May 21. May 22.. May 23.. May 24.. May 25.. May 28 . . May 27. May 28. May 29.. May 30.. 1 a. m. Direction and velocity. SSW. NNW. N. NE. ENE. NE. NE. NE. NE. NNE. SE. 8. sw. av. ESE. SW. WSAV. SSE. ESE. SE. SW. W. ENE. ENE. ENE. EXE. ENE. ENE. E. E. 2 a. m. Direction and velocity. SW. NN W. N. NE. ENE. 3 a. m. Direction and velocity. SW. NNW. N. NE. 4 a. m. Direction i Direction and and velocity. velocity. (1 a. m. SW. NNW. NNE. NE. | 17 | NE. 23 NE. 20 I NE. 11 ! NE. 1 I SW. 15 i ENE. 13 ENE. 18. 11 7 7 5 8 15 5 21 10 19 22 21 2i SE. S. SW w. SSE. SSW. wsw. SSE. ESE. SE. S v. W. ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. E. E. 17 I NE. 22 | NE. 19 | NE. 9 | NE. 2 I SW. 17 : SE. 10 S. 8 I SW. s w. 4 SSE. 8 . SSW. 14 I WSW. 4 SSE. 20 ESE. 12 I SE. 20 | NE. 23 NE. 2.) NE. 7 NE. 2 I SW. I 13 i SE. S. SW. w. SS1C. io ! sw. 7 W. ?2 ENE. 20 j ENE. 24 ENE. 20 19 10 17 ENE. ENE. NE. E. May 31.. I E. Means. 10 i E. 10 ; E. 13 ; e. 13.77 13.81 13.71 SW. NNW. NE. NE. ENE. NE. NE. NE. NNE. SW. SE. S. SW. w. SSE. SSW. WSW. SSE. ESE. SE. SW. w. ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. E. NE. ENE. E. E. 8 I SSW. 11 j w. C I SSE. 24 j ESE. 3 I SE. WSW. 14 W. 7 ENE. 21 ENE. 15 ENE. 19 ENE. ENE. NE. ENE. E. E. Direction and velocity. SW. 12 NNW. 14 NE. 18 NE. 8 ENE. 14 NE. NE. NE NNE. SW. SE. S. WSW. w. SE. SSW. w. SSE. ESE. Calm. WSW. 10 WNW. 7 ENE. 22 ENE. 10 ENE. 20 ENE. ENE. NE. ENE. E. E. 1 a. m. Direction and velocity. SW. 8 NNW. 16 NE. 18 NE. 8 ENE. 18 NE. NE. NE. NNE. SW. SE. s. WSW. w. SSE. SE. 4 W. 10 SSE. 4 ESE. 22 SE. 4 WSW. WNW. ENE. ENE. 19 ENE. ENE. NE. ENE. E. E. 12. 16 13. 06 I 8 a. m. Direction and velocity. SW. NNW. NE. NNE. ENE. NE. NE. NE. NNE. SSW. SE. s. w. w. SSE. SE. w. SSE. ESE. SE. WSW. WNW. E. E. ENE. ENE. ENE. NE. ENE. E. 1) a. in. 10 a. m. 11 a. in. Direction j Direction Direction and and and velocity, i velocity. velocity. SW. NNW. NE. NNE. ENE. NE. NE. NE. NNE. SSW. SSE. SSE. w. w. s. 10 SW. 20 NNW. 11 I NE. 11 ; NE. 18 ENE. NE. NE. NE. NNE. SSW. 13 I S. 3 , SE. 8 ; W. 4 24 6 E. ESE. SE. 12 ! WSW. 6 NNW. 17 ! ENE. 23 I ENE. 22 I ENE. 20 ', ENE. 12 ] ENE.. NE. ENE. E. E. 11 i E. 12. 90 : 13. 45 SE. W W. s. SE. w. E. ESE. SSE. WSW. NNW. ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. SW. NNW. NE. NE. ENE. NE. NE. NE. NNE. S. S. SE. W. w. SSW. 20 3 SE. 9 W. 15 : e. 24 ' ESE. 12 i SSE. 12 , WSW. 6 ■ NNE. 21 ENE. 22 ENE. 22 ENE. 12 in. Direction and velocity. SW. NNW. NNE. NE. ENE. NE. NE. NE. NNE. S. SSE. SE. W. W. SSW. 2 [ SE. 6 i W. 18 I E. 26 ! ESE. 10 i SSE. 12 j WSW. 7 NNE. 18 ! ENE. 22 ! EN"E. 21 i ENE. ENE. ENE. 16 E NE. 22 | NE. 12 | ENE. 16 ! ENE. 7 16 14 10 10 16 18 20 14 10 12 8 4 12 4 6 16 24 14 11 4 16 21 22 22 12 16 EN E. rE. is 14 ENE. 14 E. 14 ENE. E. 16 16 E. 11 E. 10 ESE. 10 13. 74 13.06 13.55 Date. 1882. May 1.. May 2.. May 3.. May 4.. May 5.. May 6.. May 7.. May 8.. May 9.. May 10.. May 11.. May 12.. May 13.. May 14.. May 15.. May 16.. May 17.. May 18.. May 19.. May 20.. May 21.. May 22.. May 23.. May 24.. May 25.. Ma\ 26.. May 27.. May 28.. May 29.. May 30.. May 31.. Means 1 n m. Direction and velocity. SSW. NNW. NNE. ENE. ENE. NE. NE. NE. NNE. SSE. 2 p. m. 3 p. m. Direction Direction and and W. 10 W. 8 NNW. 12 NNW. 11 NNE. 12 i NNE. 12 S. 3 | S. 3 ENE. 16 | NE. 22 4 p. m. Direction and velocity. NE. . NE. NE. NNE. SE. 22 I NE. 20 i NE. 16 I NE. 10 , NNE. 14 I SSE. SSE. 8 SE. 8 W. 4 WNW. 11 SSW. 9 10 SSE. SE. 8 W. 4 WNW. 8 SW. 10 SSE. SE. W. AVNW. SW. SSW. w. ESE. ESE. SSW. SW. w. ESE. ESE. S. 10 WSW. 12 WSW. 10 NNE. 8 ENE. 20 ENE. 22 ENE. 26 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. E. ESE. 15 13.87 WSW. 10 NNE. 9 ENE. 22 ENE. 22 ENE. 26 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. E. ESE. 13. CO W. ESE. ESE. S. WSW. NNE. ENE. ENE. NE. NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. E. E. WNW. 13 NNW. 12 NNE. 12 Calm. NE. 22 5 p. m. Direction and velocity. WNW. 14 NNW. 15 N. NE. NE. NE. NNE. SSE. SSE 12 SSE. 9 W. 4 WNW. 7 SW. 14 WSW. 12 W. 4 ESE. 22 ESE. 24 S. 16 14.77 WSW. NNE. ENE. ENE. NE. NE. ENE. ENE. E. E. E. 14.97 SSE. NE. NE. NE. NE. NNE. SE. SSE. 12 SE. 8 W. * 2 WNW. 8 SW. 14 AVSW. 14 W. 4 ESE. 24 ESE. 24 SW. 9 WSW. NE. ENE. E ENE NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. E. p. m. Direction and velocity. NW. 18 NNW. 12 N. 13 E. 10 NE. 20 NE. NE. NE. N. SE. SSE. SE. W. WNW. SW. 1 p. m. 8 p. m. 9 p. m. Direction and velocity. NNW. 20 NNW. 14 NNE. 12 ENE. 13 NE. 24 NE. 20 NE. 20 NE. 12 N. 11 SE. 16 WSW. 12 Calm. ESE. 18 ESE. 19 SW. 5 14.84 WSW. NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. E E. 13.10 SSE. 16 SSW 8 W. 9 NE. 4 SW. 16 AVSW. 20 Calm. ESE. 24 ESE. 20 SSW. 9 WSW. NE ENE. ENE. ENE NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. E. 15.> 17°. Velocity given in miles per hour.] Date. 1882. June 1 Juue 2 June 3 June 4 June 5 June 6 June 7 June 8 June 9 June 10 June 11 Judo 12 June 13 June 14 June 15 June 16 Juue 17 June 18 June 19 June 20 June 21 June 22 June 23 June 24 1 a. m. 2 a. m. Direction Direction and and velocity, j velocity. E. NE. N. E. SW. SE. SE. NE. E. ENE. NE. ESE. NE. SUE. NE. nne. KNE. ESE. SW. SW. wsw. NNW. NNW. N. June 25 I ENE. 9 June 26 i WNW. 9 June 27 WNW. 15 Juno 28 ! NNW. 8 June 29 i NNW. 13 June 30 i N. 6 Means.; 11. 03 E. NE. N. E. SW. SE. SE. NE. E. ENE. NE. ESE. NE. NNE. NE. NNE. NNE. ESE. SW. SW. wsw. NW. N. ENE. 3 a. m. Direction and velocity. E. NE. N. E. SW. SE. SE. NE. E. E. ENE. ESE. NE. NNE. i a. m. 5 a. m. U a. m. Direction ] Direction and and Direction and 7 a. m. Direction and velocity. , velocity. veloc.ty. | velocity. E. NE. N. E. WSW. 16 SE. 8 SE. 10 NE. ' 6 E. 15 ! E. 9 ! NE. 9 NNE. 9 NNE. 15 I ESE. 14 SW. 9 , SW. 5 W. 10 NW. 9 i N. 7 I E. 10 E. 20 ENE. 5 ESE. 6 NE. 11 NNE. 8 NNE. NNE. NNE. 15 i ESE. 14 SW. I SW. WNW. NW. N. 5 E. E. 8 I E. WNW. 12 ; NW, WNW. 15 I W. NW. 9 ' NW. 7 NNW. NW. NNE. NE. E. 13 NE. 18 N. 20 E. 11 WSW. 12 SE. 12 SE. 6 NE. 7 16 22 4 4 ENE. ENE. ESE. NE. NNE. NE. NNE. NNE. ESE. SW. SW. 15 WNW. 6 NW. 9 N. 9 E. 4 ESE. NW. WNW. 12 N. 9 NNW. 10 E. NE. N. E. WSW. 11 SE. 12 Calm. ENE. 6 8 a. m. Direction and velocity. 9 a. m. Direction and velocity. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. Direction j Direction and and velocity. velocity. E. ENE. ENE. ESE. NE. NNE. NE. NNE. NNE. ESE. SW. W. NW. NW. NNE. E. NNE. N. E. WSW. SE. NNE. ENE. 13 22 18 N. 13 E 16 E, E. ESE. ESE. 10 ! NE. 9 i NNE. 8 ! NE. 6 J NNE. 8 ! NNE. 9 ESE. 10 SW. W. NNW. NW. N. ENE. E. 7 ESE. 6 : ESE. WNW. 14 WNW. 16 ! WNW. NW. 14 NNW. 12 | NNW. NNW 6 NNW. 7 i NNW. NE. 7 ! NW. 7 NNW. 8 NE. 9 I NE. 6 ENE. 7 ' ENE. 10.77 10.73 10.47 10.13 .CO E. 10 I E. NNE. 21 NNE. 16 N. 15 , E. WSW. SE. NNE. ENE. E. E. ESE. ESE. ENE. NNE. NE. NNE. NNE. SE. SW. W. NNW. NW. N. ENE. ESE. WNW. NNW. NNW. NNW. ENE. 12 I WSW. 10 I SE. 5 NE. 6 ENE. 16 E. E. ESE. ESE. ENE. NNE. 7 ' NE. 5 i NNE. 8 j NNE. 7 SE. 13 ' SW. 11 i SW. 6 N. NNE. 8 N. 6 NNE. 5 5 ESE. 6 15 WNW. 18 13 I NNW. 11 12 j NNW. 10 9 j NNW. 6 6 ! NE. 6 9.83 9.53 E. NNE. N. E. WSW. SE. NE. ENE. E. E. ESE. E. ENE. NNE. NE. NNE. ENE. SE. SW. SW. NNE. NW. N. E. ESE. WNW. NNW. NNW. WNW. NNE. E. 12 NNE. 22 N 14 E. 14 WSW. SE. NE. ENE. E. E. 18 ESE. 6 E. 8 ENE. 6 NNE. 8 NE. NNE. ENE. SE. SW. SW. NNE. NNW. NW. E. SE. WNW. NNW. N. NW. NNE. 12 m. Direction and velocity. NNE. N. E. WSW. SE. NE. E. E. ENE. ESE. E. ENE. NNE. 9 NE. 8 NNE. 9 ENE. 10 ' SE. 14 I SW. 9 WSW. 11 NNE. 8 NW. 3 NW. 4 I ENE. 6 , SE. 19 WNW 15 I NNW. 8 N. 6 NNW. 7 NNE. 13 22 16 15 12 9 22 19 6 8 10 6 11 12 8 G 12 10 7 18 12 8 6 10.23 10.37 1 p. m 2 p. no . 8 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m (> p. ir . 7 p. ni. 8 p. in It p. m. 10 p. m. j 11 p. ni. 1 12 p.m. Dailv Date. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocitv. mean ve- locity. 1882. June 1 June 2 June 3 June 4 NNE. N. E 16 20 13 14 E. NNE. N. E. 19 20 12 14 NNE. NE. E. 16 20 12 12 E. NNE. NE. E. 14 18 11 16 ENE. N. NE. E. 12 24 10 13 ENE. N. NE. E. 13 23 11 12 ENE. 14 N. 27 NE. 13 E. 9 ENE. N NE. E. 13 24 11 7 ENE. N. NE. E. 17 24 13 5 NE. N. NE. E. 18 25 11 3 NE. N. ENE. Calm. 19 23 14 NE. N. ENE. SW. 18 23 10 2 14.50 21.21 15.12 In. 42 June 5 | WSW. Juue G SE. June 7 j ENE. June 8 j E. June 9 j E. 8 10 6 8 20 WSW. SE. ENE. E. E. 7 11 3 11 19 WSW. SE. ENE. E. E. 7 10 3 13 20 WSW. SE. ENE. E Aug. 6 S. 16 S. 19 SSW. 28 SSW. 26 SSW. 27 SSW. 34 SSW. 26 SSW. 26 SSW. 32 S. 32 SSW. 29 SSW. 26 24. 07 Aug. 7 W. 28 W. 24 WSW. 28 WSW. 24 WSW. 24 WSW. 26 W. 26 w. 24 W. 22 w. 20 W. • 20 W. 20 26. 12 Aug. 8 SSE. 25 SSE. 28 SSE. 30 s. 28 s. 26 S. 23 WSW. 22 SW. 27 s. 12 s. 23 SSW. 23 SSW. 24 18.17 Aug. 9 SSW. 34 SSW. 32 SW. 36 WSW. 39 WNW. 27 WNW. 28 WNW. 28 WNW. 28 WNW. 25 WNW. 28 WNW. 22 WNW. 20 27.96 Aug. 10 SE. 22 SE. 17 SSE. 16 SSE. 16 SSE. 14 SSE. 15 SSE. 10 S. 17 S. 16 s. 22 S. 20 S. 21 14.38 Aug. 11 S. 9 S. 8 SSE. 9 SSE. 13 S. 13 S. 22 S. 20 S. 18 s. 12 SSE. 9 SSE. 13 SSE. 8 13 88 Aug. 12 WNW. 23 NW. 22 N W . 21 NW. 26 NW. 29 NW. 26 NW. 32 NW. 28 NNW. 32 NNW. 29 NXW. 29 NW. 31 22. 33 Aug. 13 NW. 13 NNW. 12 NNW. 13 NW. 12 NW. 12 NW. 12 NW. 9 NNW. 9 NNW. 9 NNW. 8 NNW. 7 NNW. 5 14.58 Aug. 14 ESE. 8 SE. 10 E. 12 ESE. 11 ESE. 13 ESE. 12 E. 15 ESE. 15 E. 14 E. 14 E. 14 ESE. 15 9. 50 Aug. 15 ESE. 23 SE. 20 ESE. 22 ESE. 23 E. 24 ESE. 23 ESE. 24 E. 23 E. 24 ESE. 24 E. 24 E. 24 19. S3 Aug. 10 E. 22 ENE. 21 E. 21 ESE. 22 E. 21 E. 20 E. 20 E. 20 E. 20 E. 20 E. 21 E. 22 20.58 Aug. 17 E. 24 ESE. 20 ESE. 24 E. 25 E. 22 E. 22 ESE. 24 E. 20 E. 22 E. 23 E. 22 E. 20 20.50 Aug. 18 E. 16 E. 11 ESE. 23 E. 24 E. 20 E. 20 E. 20 E. 16 ENE. 16 E. 17 E. lfi ENE. 14 16. 29 Aug. 19 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 SE. 10 E. 9 ESE. 9 E. 10 E. 15 ESE. 11 i E. 15 E. 13 SE. 13 9.21 Aug. 20 SE. 9 SE. SE. 8 SE. 8 SE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 10 E. 10 ENE. 9 ! ENE. 12 ENE. 11 ENE. 10 10 118 Aug. 21 NE. 15 NE. lfi NE. 16 NE. 15 NE. 17 NE. 17 NE. 17 NE. 17 NE. 17 ! ENE. 18 NE. 19 NE. 20 15 08 Aug. 22 NNE. 13 NNE. 13 NNE. 13 N. 10 N. 10 NNW. 10 NNW. 8 NNW. fi N. 8 1 NNW. 8 WNW. 5 WNW. 4 12.04 Aug. 23 E. 8 ENE. 10 ENE. 13 E. 13 ENE. 11 ENE. 11 ! ENE. 11 E. 10 E. 9 EXE. 8 ENE. 8 ENE. 11 7. 33 Aug. 24 NE. 14 NE. 13 NE. 12 NNE. 14 NNE. 15 NNE. 12 i NNE. 11 NNE. 11 NNE. 12 1 NE. 11 ENE. 10 E. 9 12. 38 Aug. 25 NE. 20 NE. 22 NE. 22 NE. 22 NE. 24 NE. 22 1 NE. 23 NE. 23 NE. 22 NE. 23 NE. 21 NE. 20 17 46 Aug. 26 NNE. 20 NNE. 21 NNE. 20 NNE. 20 NE. 20 NE. 20 \ NE. 22 NE. 22 NE. 21 ; NE. 20 NNE. 22 1 NNE. 18 19.25 Aug. 27 ENE. 9 ENE. 9 NE. 7 NNE. 11 NNE. 12 NE. 10 i ENE. 8 NE. 8 ENE il NE. 9 NE. 11 ENE. 8 11.96 Aug. 28 E. 5 ESE. 5 Calm. NNE. 4 NNE. 5 NE. 7 1 NE. 7 ENE. 8 ENE. 7 NE. 7 ENE. 7 ENE. 7 5.58 Aug. 29 ENE. 6 ENE. 7 ENE. 8 ENE. 10 ENE. 10 NE. 9 ENE. 13 | ENE. NE. 10 I NE. 9 NE. 10 NNE. 10 7. 07 Aug. 30 NE. 9 NE. 11 NE. 13 NE. 11 NNE. 11 NE. 10 ENE. 10 1 NE. 10 i ENE. 9 NE. 11 ENE. 8 E. 10 10.33 Aug. 31 NE. 11 NNE. 12 NNE. 11 N. 11 N. 12 N. 12 NNW. .12 • NNW. 19 | NW. 20 NW. 22 NNW. 25 NNW. 28 11.88 Means . 15.81 15. 94 17.00 17.81 17.13 17.23 17. 06 16. 71 16. 39 16. 97 16. 58 15.81 15.33 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 273 Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. i Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5'' 17'". Velocity given in miles per hour.] 1 a.m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. 6 a.m. 7 a.m. 8 a. m. a.m. 10 a. re . 11 a. m 12 m. Date. Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction and and and and and and and and and and and and velocity. .velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity velocity 1882. Sept. 1 MW. 28 NNW. 27 NNW. 32 NNW. 29 NNW. 26 NNW. 27 NNW. 23 NNW. 22 N. 23 N 22 N. 17 N. 15 Sept. 2 raw. 10 raw. 6 NW. 5 WSW. 2 SW. 4 SW. 3 SW. 5 WSW. 7 W. 8 SSW. 8 SW. 7 SSW. 6 Sept. 3 SE. 9 SE. 12 SSE. 15 SSE. 16 SSE. 14 SSE. 14 SSE. 16 SSE. 14 SSE. 16 SSE. 18 SE. 13 SE. 14 Sept. 4 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 10 ESE. 6 ESE. 6 ESE. 6 SE. 7 SE. 9 SE. 10 S. 12 SSE. 10 S. 9 Sept. 5 ESE. 10 ESE. 10 SE. 11 SE. 11 SE. 10 SE. 10 SE. 10 ESE. 11 ESE. 12 ESE. 12 ESE. 12 ESE. 12 Sept. 6 Sept. 7 E. 8 E. 10 E. 8 ESE. 9 ESE. 6 E. 5 E. 6 E. 6 E. 5 ESE. 5 E. 6 ENE. 7 ENE. 13 NE. 12 ENE. 14 ENE. 11 NE. 12 NE. 12 ENE. 13 NE. 10 NNE. 13 NNE. 20 NE. 14 NE. 13 Sept. $ NE. 14 E. 18 ENE. 14 NE. 12 NE. 9 NE. 9 NE. 9 NE. 8 NE. 11 NE.. 12 ENE. 9 ENE. 11 Sept. 9 ESE. 16 ESE. 12 E. 13 ENE. 13 E. 13 E. 10 ENE. 14 ENE. 12 ENE. 12 NE. 15 ENE. 14 ENE. 13 Sept. 10 ESE. 20 ESE. 14 E. 18 ENE. 21 E. 19 ENE. 20 E. 20 E. 20 E. 20 E. 20 E. 20 E. 21 Sept. 11 E. 23 E. 22 ESE. 18 ESE. 16 ESE. 11 ESE. 12 ESE. 11 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 6 E. 8 E. 7 Sept, 12 NNW. ' 8 NW. 8 NNW. 8 NW. 10 WNW. 11 NW. 13 NW. 14 NW. 12 WNW. 12 WNW. 13 WNW. 12 WNW. 14 Sept. 13 WNW. 12 NNW. 12 N. 9 N. 10 N. 12 N. 12 NNE. 12 N. 11 N. 14 N. 15 NNW. 13 N. 14 Sept. 14 NNE. 14 NNE. 14 NNE. 13 NNE. 13 NNE. 12 NE. 10 ENE. 5 ENE. 4 ENE. 3 ENE. 3 ENE. 2 ENE. 2 Sept. 15 ssw. 3 SSW. 4 ENE. 5 ESE. 4 ESE. 5 E. 6 E. 8 E. 8 ESE. 6 ESE. 8 ESE. 7 ESE. 8 Sept. 16 E. - 12 ENE. 15 E. 16 E. 19 E. 16 E. 17 E. 17 E. 16 E. 18 E. 19 E. 20 E. 23 Sept. 17 NE. 26 NE. 27 NE. 27 NE. 28 NE. 24 NE. 18 NE. 15 NNE. 14 NNE. 16 NNE. 16 NNE. 17 NE. 12 Sept. 18 SW. 7 WSW. 7 WSW. 10 WSW. 9 W. 10 WSW. 12 WSW. 14 WSW. 13 WSW. 14 WSW. 15 WSW. 16 WSW. lfi Sept. 19 uw. 7 WNW. 11 WNW. 11 NW. 13 NW. 15 NW. 9 WNW. 5 WNW. 12 w. 13 w. 13 w. 17 w. 19 Sept. 20 w. 13 W. 15 NNW. 14 NNW. 16 NNW. 14 NNW. 12 NNW. 13 NW. 7 NW. 5 E. 2 NE. 4 ESE. 4 Sept. 21 SE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 SE. 11 E. 9 E. 8 E. 7 E. 8 E. 12 E. 12 E. 11 ENE. 8 Sept. 22 NE. 17 NE. 16 NE. 16 NE. 18 ENE. 16 ENE. 18 ENE. 16 ENE. 16 NE. 16 ENE. 15 ENE. 16 ENE. 10 Sept. 23 E. 12 E. 11 E. 15 E. 14 ENE. 15 ENE. 14 E. 16 ENE. 14 ENE. 15 ENE: 17 ENE. 16 ENE. 14 Sept. 24 ENE. 20 ENE. 17 NE. 17 NE. 18 NE. 16 NE. 18 NE. 16 NE. 17 NE. 16 NE. 19 NNE. 22 NNE. 22 Sept. 25 N. 28 N. 29 NNW. 28 NNW. 26 NNW. 23 N. '22 N. 23 NNW. 23 NNW. 17 NW. 13 NNW. 17 NNW. 20 Sept, 26 S. 6 S. 10 SSW. 8 SSW. 11 SSW. 8 SSW. 10 SSW. 11 S. 10 S. 13 S. 17 S. 18 S. 20 Sept. 27 W. 16 W. 18 w. 16 WSW. 15 WSW. 10 ssw. 10 SSW. 10 SSW. 13 SSW. 13 S. 17 SSW. 17 SSW. 16 Sept. 28 SSW. 17 SSW. 18 SSW. 22 SSW. 20 SSW. lfi ssw. 20 SW. 18 SW. 15 SW. 20 SSW. 20 ssw. 23 SW. V 24 Sept. 29 WSW. 29 WSW. 22 w. 18 WSW. 17 WSW. 11 SW. 8 SSW. 7 s. 6 ssw. 15 SSW. 23 ssw. 24 ssw. 22 Sept. 30 ssw. 5 s. 6 SE. 6 SE. 8 ESE. 7 ENE. 10 ENE. 13 ENE. 15 E. 19 ENE. 23 ENE. 26 ENE. 28 Means. 13.97 13.97 14.17 14.20 12.67 12.50 12.47 12.03 13.17 14.33 14.27 14.30 1 p.m. 2 p.m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p. m. 11p.m. 12 p. m. Daily Date. Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction mean ve- locity. and and and and and and and and and and and and velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. 1882. Sept. 1 N. 10 NNE. 10 NW. 11 NNW. 10 N. 6 NNW. 6 NNW. 7 NW. 8 NW. 9 NNW. 11 NW. 11 NNW. 9 16.62 Sept. 2 SE. 7 S. 10 S. 11 SSE. 13 S. 13 SSE. 13 SSE. 14 SSE. 15 SE. 19 ESE. 15 ESE. 17 SE. 14 9.67 Sept. 3 SE. 17 SE. 19 SE. 16 SE. 12 SE. 7 SE. 9 SE. 9 S. . 5 SE. 5 SE. 5 ESE. 6 ESE. 6 11.96 Sept, 4 S. 9 SSE. 6 SSE. 8 S. 7 SSE. 12 SSE. 12 SSE. 13 SSE. 13 SSE. 12 SE. 9 ESE. 7 ESE. 9 9.08 Sept. 5 ESE. 12 ESE. 10 ESE. 10 ESE. 8 E. 9 E. 11 E. 11 E. 13 E. 13 E. 12 E. 8 E. 9 10.71 Sept. 6 ENE. 7 NE. 8 NE. 11 ENE. 9 NNE. 11 NNE. 10 ENE. 11 NE. 13 NE. 13 NE. 13 ENE. 12 NE. 12 8.79 Sept. 7 ENE. 12 NE. 11 NE. 12 ENE. 13 NE. 13 E. 12 E. 16 E. 16 E. 15 ENE. 16 NE. 13 NE. 13 13. 29 Sept. 8 ENE. 12 ENE. 11 NE. 16 NNE. 14 ENE. 13 NE. 14 NE. 13 NE. 14 E. 12 E. 12 E. 13 ESE. 13 12.21 Sept. 9 E. 15 E. 16 E. 16 E. 20 ESE. 20 E. 21 E. 21 ESE. 23 E. 22 E. 22 E. 20 E. 20 16.38 Sept. 10 E. 22 E. 20 E. 22 E. 23 E. 24 E. 22 E. 22 E. 23 E. 23 E. 26 E. 25 E. 24 21.21 Sept. 11 E. 5 Calm. NE. 7 NE. 7 NE. WNW. 5 NNE. 6 NNE. 6 NNE 5 NNE. 5 NNW. 5 NNW. 8 NNW. 6 8.96 Sept- 12 NW. 14 WNW. 13 WNW. 13 WNW. 14 12 WNW. 11 WNW. 11 WNW. 11 WNW. 8 NW. 10 NW. 14 NW. 10 11.50 Sept. 13 NNW. 14 N. 10 N. 14 N. 13 N. 13 N. 13 N. 14 N. 14 N. 16 N. 16 N. 15 NNE. 16 13.08 Sept. 14 E. 2 ESE. 2 SE. 2 SSW. 8 SSW. 6 WSW. 5 SW. 5 WSW. 2 SSW. 2 SSW. 2 Calm. SSW. 3 5.58 Sept. 15 ESE. 10 ESE. 11 ESE. 10 ESE. 11 ESE. 7 ESE. 11 E3E. 11 ESE. 11 E. 11 E. 12 E. 12 ENE. 10 8.29 Sept. 16 ENE. 22 E. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 27 ENE. 24 ENE. 27 ENE. 26 ENE. 26 NE. 28 NE. 26 NE. 26 NE. 24 21.29 Sept. 17 NE. 7 NE. 6 NNE. 3 NNE. 2 NNW. 6 NNW. 4 NNW. 4 NW. 5 NW. 5 NW. 4 WNW. 4 WSW. 4 1-.25 Sept, 18 W. 13 SW. 12 W. 13 W. 12 WSW. 11 WSW. 10 W. 12 W. 12 WNW. 12 NW. 10 WNW. 7 WNW. 9 11.50 Sept. 19 W. 19 W. 16 W. 16 w. 15 w. 17 NW. 16 WNW. 17 WNW. 18 AVNW. 15 WNW. 16 WNW. 15 W. 10 13. 96 Sept. 20 SE. 4 ESE. 4 SE. 7 E. 5 SE. 6 SE. 7 SE. 10 SE. 8 ESE. 11 ESE. 11 ESE. 10 ESE. 8 8.75 Sept. 21 NE. 10 NE. 10 NE. 11 ENE. 12 NE. 14 NE. 16 NE. 15 NE. 14 NE. 10 NE. 17 NE. 17 ENE. 10 11.33 Sept. 22 ENE. 16 E. 16 E. 15 E. 16 ENE. 14 ENE. 13 ENE. 15 NE. 15 ENE. 15 ENE. 15 ENE. 13 ENE. 12 15.46 Sept. 23 ENE. 16 ENE. 20 E. 20 ENE. 20 ENE. 20 ENE. 22 E. 21 E. 22 ENE. 20 ENE. 20 ENE. 20 ENE. 21 17.29 Sept, 24 NNE. 26 NNE. 28 NNE. 28 NNE. 28 N. 36 N. 38 N. 36 N. 34 NNW. 33 NNW.;32 E. 30 NNW. 27 24.75 Sept. 25 NNW. 9 WNW. 10 WNW. 8 WNW. 10 W. 8 W. 12 WNW 12- WSW. 12 WNW. 7 WSW. 8 WSW. 10 S 3 15. 75 Sept. 26 S. 20 S. 20 SSW. 20 SW. 16 SW. 20 WNW. 22 WNW. 24 NW. 17 WNW. 24 NW. 21 WNW. 18 WNW. 16 15.83 Sept. 27 S. 14 S. 14 s. 15 s. 16 ssw. 16 SSW. 22 SSW. 21 s. 17 SSW. 16 S. 14 SSW. 15 S. 15 15. 25 Sept. 28 SW. 24 SW. 23 SW. 1.8 WSW. 24 ssw. 22 SSW. 24 SSW. 25 ssw. 29 SW. 33 SW. 28 SW. 28 SW. 26 22.38 Sept. 29 SW. 21 SW. 21 SW. 22 SW. 22 SSW. 1 21 SSW. 22 SW. 20 SW. 17 SW. 18 SW. 16 SW. 13 SW. 7 17. 58 Sept. 30 ENE. 32 ENE. 28 E. 34 E. 32 E. 28 E. 28 E. 26 ESE. 20 E. 18 ESE. 22 E. 22 E. 24 20.00 Means. 14.03 13.63 14.43 14.63 14.47 15.30 15.(50 15.07 15.00 14.87 14 30 13.20 14.02 274 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — & 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour. te. 1 a, m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. in. (5 a. m. 7 a.m. 8 a. in. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a.m. 12 m. Da Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. 1882. Oct. 1 Oct. 2 ESE. SSW. 11 12 E SSW. 13 12 SSW. 19 15 E SSW. 17 13 ENE. SSW. 20 14 ESE. SW. 14 14 SE. SSW. 8 14 SE. SSW. 8 11 S. S. 11 11 S. S. 6 12 S. SSW. 6 12 S. SW. 15- Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. 3 4 5 6 7 WE. ENE. ENE. ENE. NE. 17 25 32 29 24 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. NE. 16 24 32 30 22 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. NE. 18 25 32 24 26 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. NE. 16 25 32 26 27 ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. NE. 18 24 32 26 24 NE. ENE. ENE. NE. NE. 18 25 32 27 23 NE. ENE. ENE. NE. NE. 17 26 35 24 23 NE. ENE. ENE. NE. NE. 17 26 34 25 23 NE. ENE. NE. NE. NE. 21 27 36 26 25 NE. ENE. ENE. NE. NE. 22 28 38 25 26 NE. ENE. NE. NE. NE. 20 28 36 24 26 ENE. ENE. NE. NE. NE. 23 28 36 24 23 Oct. Oct, Oct. Oct. Oct. 8 9 10 11 12 NE. ENE. ENE. E. N. 27 22 19 5 4 NE. NE. NE. E. N. 26 21 17 5 NE. NE. NE. ENE. NNW. 27 22 17 7 3 NE. ENE. NE. ■p» NNW. 28 24 15 6 3 NE. ENE. NE. E. N. 28 22 15 6 3 NE. ENE. ENE. N. N. 29 22 14 8 3 ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. N. 28 22 12 5 3 NE. ENE. NE. NE. N. 28 19 11 3 4 NE. NE. ENE. NNW. NNE. 28 21 11 4 3 NE. ENE. NE. N. NE. 28 20 10 6 3 ENE. ENE. NE. NW. NE. 28 20 9 5 2 NE. NE. ENE. NW. Calm. 28 20 8 4 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. 13 14 15 16 17 ESE. E. NE. ENE. E. 8 20 15 13 14 ESE. E. ENE. ENE. E. 7 18 16 12 16 ESE. ENE. E. E. 6 19 15 16 16 ESE. ENE. ENE. E. E. 8 16 14 15 16 ESE. ENE. ENE. ESE. E. 7 13 16 15 13 ESE. ENE. ENE. ESE. E. 8 15 16 15 14 ESE. ENE. ENE. E. E. 9 11 16 13 17 ESE. ENE. ENE. E. ENE. 8 12 14 11 15 ESE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. 10 15 14 8 18 ESE. ENE. ENE. ENE. 8 15 16 12 18 ESE. ENE. ENE. E. ENE. 7 15 16 12 18 ESE. ENE. ENE. E. ENE. T 14 17 10 17 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. 18 19 20 21 22 ENE. E. E. S. 14 13 5 4 6 E. ENE. E. SSW. 15 12 5 3 8 E. ENE. ESE. NW. SSW. 15 12 5 3 8 E. ENE. ESE. NNW. SSW. 14 11 4 4 6 E. ENE. ESE. NNW. S. 15 10 2 5 7 ESE. NE. E. NW. S. 11 11 2 5 8 ESE. ENE. E. NW. S. 10 10 3 4 8 ESE. ENE. ESE. NW. S. 10 11 3 4 8 ESE. ENE. SE. NW. S. 10 12 3 5 9 ESE. NE. SE. NW. SSE. 8 9 3 5 10 ESE. E. SE. NW. SSE. 6 6 3 4 9 E. ENE. ESE. WNW. SSE. 5 6 3 3 8 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. 23 24 25 26 27 ESE. ENE. ENE. N. W. 5 6 12 14 7 ESE. E. ENE. NNW. NNW. 6 6 10 15 5 ENE. ENE. N. NNW. 6 6 9 20 7 E. ENE. NE. NNW. NNW. 7 6 9 18 6 E. ENE. NE. NNW. NNW. 6 6 7 17 6 E. ENE. ENE. NNW. NNW. 8 6 6 14 8 ENE. ENE. ENE. NNW. NNW. 8 5 6 11 7 ENE. ENE. ENE. • NNW. NNW. 6 6 6 14 6 ENE. ENE. ENE. NNW. NNW. 6 5 8 13 5 ENE. ENE. ENE. NNW. NNW. 6 6 6 15 6 ENE. E. ENE. NNW. NNW. 7 6 6 16 6 ENE. ENE. E NNW. NNW. 7 C 6 15 6 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. 28 29 30 31 ans. ffl¥. SSW. SSE. SSW. 2 5 20 28 NNW. SSW. SSE. SSW. 3 6 18 30 S. SE. SSE. SSW. 3 8 22 28 S. SSE. SSE. SSW. 3 6 20 27 S. SSE. SSE. SSW. 4 5 19 28 S. SE. SSE. SSW. 3 7 18 25 S. SE. SSE. SSW. 2 3 18 30 SSE. SE. SSE. SSW. 5 3 18 22 SSE. SE. SE. SSW. 6 6 17 18 SSE. SE. SE. SSW. 6 9 21 20 SSE. SE. SE. SSW. 7 9 22 17 S. SE. SE. SSW. 7 10 22 10 Me 14.13 13.98 14.81 14.26 13.97 13.84 13.06 12.61 13.29 13.65 13.10 12.90 1 p.m. 2 p.m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p:m 6 p. m 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. 12 p. m. Daily Date. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. mean ve- locity. 1882. Oct. 1 Oct. 2 S. SW. 5 13 S. SW. 7 17 S. SW. 3 18 S. SW. 5 14 SSE. SW. 6 16 S. SW. 6 12 SSE. SW. 6 16 SSE. SW. 12 12 SSE. SW. 11 10 SSE. 9 W. 5 SSE. NNE. 10 9 SSE. NNE. 8 15 9.46^ 13.00 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. 3 4 5 6 7 ENE. ENE. NE. ENE. NE. 22 28 38 24 22 ENE. ENE. NE. ENE. NE. 22 28 38 24 23 ENE. ENE. NE. ENE. NE. 22 29 39 24 24 ENE. ENE. NE. ENE. NE. 23 29 38 24 28 E. ENE. ENE. NE. NE. 24 32 36 24 28 ENE. ENE. ENE. NE. NE. 24 31 36 24 28 ENE. ENE. ENE. NE. ENE. 21 32 38 24 27 ENE. NE. NE. NE. NE. 22 30 35 24 22 ENE. ENE. ENE. NE. NE. 23 32 36 24 23 ENE. 24 ENE. 32 ENE. 35 NE. 24 NE. 23 ENE. ENE. ENE. NE. NE. 24 33 33 23 24 ENE. ENE. ENE. NE. NE. 22 31 31 23 26 20.67 28. 25- 35.00 24. S3 24.58 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. 8 9 10 11 12 NE. NE. NE. NW. NE. 28 18 8 5 8 NE. NE. NE. NNW. NE. 26 18 7 7 7 NE. NE. NE. N. NE. 27 17 8 6 7 NE. NE. NE. N. NE. 28 21 6 4 4 NE. NE. NE. N. NE. 26 22 6 5 2 NE. NE. NE. N. E. 26 22 7 5 4 NE. NE. NE. N. E. 26 21 7 4 6 NE. NE. N. * E. 26 20 7 5 8 NE. NE. ' E. N. E. 24 20 7 5 10 NE. 25 NE. 18 NE. 9 N. 5 ESE. 8 NE. NE. NE. NNW. ESE. 24 19 3 7 NE. NE. NE. N. ESE. 23 19 7 3 6 26.75 20.42 10.17 5.00 4.71 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. 13 14 15 16 17 ESE. E. ENE. E. ENE. 6 14 16 10 12 ESE. E. ENE. ENE. E. 6 19 15 9 14 ESE. E. ENE. E. E. 5 20 16 11 23 E. E. ENE. E. E. ' 6 21 16 12 22 E. E. ENE. E. E. 9 23 14 12 22 E. E. ENE. E. E. 8 20 14 12 22 ENE. E. ENE. E. E. • 9 20 13 14 22 ENE. ENE. ENE. E. E. 9 19 12 14 20 ENE. ENE. ENE. E. E. 14 19 11 20 17 ENE. 13 ENE. 17 ENE. 10 E. 20 E. 17 E. ENE. ENE. E. E. 17 17 13 17 17 ENE. ENE. E. E. 16 17 14 16 14 8.79 17.04 14.54 13. 29 17.25 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct, 18 19 20 21 22 E. E. ESE. NW. SSE. 16 6 3 3 7 "P ENE. ESE. NW. SSE. 16 7 3 3 6 ENE. ENE. ESE. NW. SSE. 16 7 3 2 8 ENE. ENE. SE. NNW. SSE. 18 5 3 3 7 ENE. NE. SE. SSE. SE. 18 4 3 3 8 ENE. E. SE. SE. SE. 18 4 3 4 8 ENE. E. SE. SSE. SE. 18 4 2 4 7 ENE. E. SE. SSE. SE. 14 3 2 4 7 ENE. E. ENE. S. ESE. 14 3 4 5 5 ENE. 13 ESE. 4 ENE. 3 S. 5 ESE. 6 ENE. SE. ENE. S. ESE. 1 4 6 7 ENE. E. ENE. S. ESE. 12 5 4 6 7 13.25 7.46 3.25 4.04 7.42 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct, Oct. 23 24 25 2fi 27 ENE. ENE. E. NNW. NNW. 7 6 5 13 3 ENE. ENE. NNE. NNW. NNW. 6 7 3 12 3 ENE. ENE. N. NNW. NNW. 7 6 9 11 2 ENE. ENE. N. NNW. NNW. 7 14 11 9 1 ENE. ENE. N. NW. NNW. 7 12 11 8 1 ENE. ENE. N. NNW. NNW. 7 11 13 9 1 ENE. ENE. N. NW. NNW. 6 12 14 9 1 ENE. E. N. NW. NNW. 6 13 17 8 1 ENE. ENE. N. NW. NNW. 8 13 17 10 2 ENE. 8 ENE. 13 N. 16 NNW. 10 NNW. 2 ENE. ENE. N. NNW. NNW. 7 13 16 9 3 ENE. ENE. NNW. NNW. NNW. 6 13 16 9 2 6.67 8.46 9.96 12.46 4.04 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct, 28 29 30 31 ans. S. SE. SE. WSW. 7 9 26 17 SSW. SE. SE, WNW. lb 27 21 SSW. SE. SE. W. 8 14 29 23 SSW. SE. SSE. W. 8 17 32 24 SSW. SE. SSE. w. 8 20 36 24 SSW. SE. SSW. w. 8 20 36 20 SSW. SE. SSW. w. 7 22 32 21 SSW. SE. SSW. w. 7 26 24 21 SSW. SSE. SSW. w. 6 26 26 21 SSW. 6 SSE. 25 SSW. 29 WSW. 16 SSW. SSE. SSW. W. 7 25 32 20 SSW. SSE. SW. W. 4 22 2S 16 5.58 13.04 24.67 22.21 Me 13.06 13.48 14.32 14.84 15.16 14.94 15.00 14.52 15.03 14.52 14.90 14.23 14.07 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 275 Statement shotting the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17"". Velocity given in miles per hour.] 1 a. m. 2 a.m. 3 a.m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. a. m. 7 a. m. 8a.m. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 tn. Date. Direction Direct ion Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction and *' and and and and and and an d and and and and velocM velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. 1882. Nov. 1 W. 12 W. 7 WSW. 8 W. 6 WSW. 5 SSW. 7 SSW. 7 WSW 5 W. 13 WNW . 13 WNW. 10 NW. 9 Nov. 2 w. 4 WSW. 10 WSW. 14 WSW. 13 W. 17 W. 20 W. 21 WNW . 19 W. 21 WNW . ]8 WNW. 21 NNW 23 Nov. 3 isrw. 29 NW. 33 NW. 32 NW. 28 NW. 23 NW. 20 NW. 22 NW. 21 NW. 21 WNW . 18 NW. 17 NW. 16 Nov. 4 NNW. 4 ENE. 4 ENE. 6 ENE. 6 ESE. 10 ESE. 10 ESE. 14 ESE. 12 ESE. 13 ESE. 13 ESE 15 ESE. 15 Nov. 5 E. 20 E. 20 E. 21 E. 23 E. 28 E. 27 ENE. 24 ENE. 28 ENE. 28 ENE. 24 ENE 26 E. 22 Nov. 6 E. 30 ENE. 28 ENE. 26 ENE. 28 ENE. 27 ENE. 25 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE 24 ENE. 19 Nov. 7 E. 24 E. 24 E. 24 E. 28 E. 23 E. 23 E. . 26 E. 24 E. 25 E. 27 ENE 27 ENE. 27 Nov. 8 ENE. 30 ENE. 31 ENE. 32 ENE. 32 ENE. 30 ENE. 23 ENE. 25 ENE. 24 ENE. 25 ENE. 24 ENE 22 ENE. 23 Nov. 9 ENE. 21 ENE. 17 ENE. 17 ENE. 18 E. 15 E. 20 E. 20 E. 21 ESE. 27 E. 28 E. 30 E. 30 Nov. 10 SW. 20 SW. 22 SW. 17 SW. 22 WSW. 28 WSW. 29 WSW. 31 WSW 30 WSW. 37 W. 31 WNW. 12 NW. 10 Nov. 11 E. 28 E. 32 E. 32 E. 32 E. 27 E. 24 E. 26 ENE. 28 ENE. 29 NE. 30 ENE 31 ENE. 34 Nov. 12 NE. 40 NE. 38 NE. 42 NE. 34 NE. 35 NE. 32 NNE. . 31 NE. 26 NE. 30 NE. 28 NE. 24 NE. 21 Nov. 13 ENE. 12 ENE. 14 ENE. 10 ENE. 12 ENE. 11 ENE. 12 E. 10 E. 10 E. 9 ENE. 11 NE. 12 NE. 13 Nov. 14 ENE. 10 ENE. 10 ENE. 10 ENE. 10 ENE. 6 E. 10 E. 8 E. 9 E. 10 ESE. 8 ESE 7 ESE. 7 Nov. 15 ENE. 8 ENE. 8 ENE. 9 ENE. 9 ENE. 9 ENE. 10 ENE. 9 ENE. 10 ENE. 10 ENE. 9 NE. 10 ENE. 10 Nov. 16 NE. 11 NE. 10 NE. 12 NE. 10 NE. 11 NE. 10 NE. 10 NE. 9 NE. 11 NE. 11 NE. 11 NE. 10 Nov. 17 NE. 19 NE. 20 NE. 20 NE. 19 NE. 20 NE. 23 NE. 27 NE. 27 NE. 30 NE. 27 NE. 32 NE. 26 Nov. 18 NE. 32 NE. 32 NE. 32 NE. 32 NE. 33 NE. 27 ENE. 25 NE. 23 NE. 25 NE. 22 ENE 20 NE. 20 Nov. 19 NE. 21 ENE. 19 ENE. 22 ENE. ESE. 20 ENE. 19 ENE. 21 ENE. 19 ENE. 19 ENE. 18 ENE. 18 ENE 22 E. 22 Nov. 20 ESE. 26 ESE. 20 ESE. 23 25 ESE. 25 ESE. 25 ESE. 23 ESE. 23 ESE. 24 ESE. 20 E. 24 ESE. 24 Nov. 21 ENE. 26 ENE. 24 ENE. 28 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 22 ENE. 23 ENE. 22 ENE. 25 ENE 24 ENE. 23 Nov. 22 E. 2 N. 4 NE. 14 N. 13 NNW. 19 NNW. 18 NW. 18 NNW. 19 NW. 22 NW. 20 NW. 18 NW. 20 Nov. 23 ¥NW. 17 WNW. 16 WNW. 18 WNW. 20 WNW. 16 W. 19 W. 19 WNW . 15 WNW. 14 WNW 13 W. 10 WSW 10 Nov. 24 SE. 2 E. 5 SE. 4 S. 10 SSW. 12 s. 11 SSE. 11 S. 10 S. 9 S. 12 s. 9 s. 6 Nov. 25 WNW. 22 NW. 29 NW. 27 NW. 22 WNW. 20 NW. 19 NW. 17 WNW . 17 WNW. 16 NNW. 16 N. 13 N. 16 Nov. 26 1 Nff. 6 SSW. 4 SSW. 4 S. 7 S. 7 SSE. 7 SE. 7 SE. 5 SE. 10 SE. 10 ESE 12 ESE. 15 Nov. 27 SSE. 11 S. 7 SSE. 8 SSE. 6 SSE. 4 s. 7 SSE. 5 SE. 7 SE. 11 SE. 11 ESE 16 ESE. 16 Nov. 28 ESE. 21 ESE. 17 ESE. 20 ESE. 23 ESE. 24 ESE. 20 ESE. 25 ESE. 24 ESE. 26 ESE. 26 ESE 25 ESE. 21 Nov. 29 ESE. 33 ESE. 27 ESE. 32 ESE. 22 ESE. 16 ESE. 15 ESE. 22 ESE. 18 ESE. 20 ESE. 23 E. 21 ESE. 28 Nov. 30 E. 21 E. 26 ESE. 29 E. 31 ESE. 28 ESE. 23 ESE. 27 ESE. 29 ESE. 28 ESE. 22 ESE 25 ESE. 2i Means . 18.73 18.60 19.77 19.50 19.07 18.70 19.17 18.63 20.27 19.40 IS .00 18.80 1 p.m. 2 p. m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p. m. Up .m. 12 a. m. Daily Date. Directi on Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction mean ve- locity. and and and and and and and and and and and anc velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. 1882. Nov. 1 NW. 6 NW. 4 S. 5 SW. 10 SW. 15 SSW. 12 SSW. 12 SSW. 11 W. 16 NW. 15 NW. 6 NW. 1 8.96 Nov. 2 NW. 28 NW. 31 NW. 28 NW. 22 NW. 22 NW. 32 WNW. 34 NW. 32 NW. 31 NW. 39 NW. 40 NNW. 37 24.04 Nov. 3 NW. 18 NW. 14 NW. 13 NW. 6 WNW. 11 WNW. 8 NNW. 8 NNW. 8 NNW. 12 NW. 12 N. 10 NNW. 9 17.04 Nov. 4 ESE. 16 ESE. 17 ESE. 17 ESE. 19 ESE. 17 E. 16 E. 17 E. 20 E. 19 E. 20 E. 20 E. 20 14.17 Nov. 5 ENE. 26 ENE. 24 ENE. 27 ENE. 28 ENE. 27 ENE. 30 ENE. 28 ENE. 29 ENE. 29 E. 29 E. 27 ENE. 30 26.04 Nov. 6 ENE. 24 ENE. 22 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 23 E. 22 ENE. 23 E. 24 E. 23 E. 22 24.25 Nov. 7 ENE. 26 ENE. 24 ENE. 25 ENE. 24 ENE. 25 ENE. 23 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 29 ENE. 32 ENE . 30 ENE. 30 25.75 Nov. 8 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 25 ENE. 26 ENE. 26 ENE. 23 ENE. 24 ENE. 25 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE . 22 ENE. 17 25.21 Nov. 9 E. 31 ESE. 29 ESE. 31 ESE. 28 ESE. 28 ESE. 26 ESE. 20 E. 15 E. 13 E. 10 E. 6 SW. 7 21.17 Nov. 10 NNE. 13 ENE. 11 ENE. 12 ENE. 16 E. 17 E. 23 E. 20 E. 20 E. 24 E. 26 ENE . 27 E. 29 21.96 Nov. 11 ENE. 32 NE. 31 NE. 38 NE. 39 NE. 37 NE. 38 NE. 44 NE. 40 NE. 41 NE. 43 NE. 42 NE. 38 34.00 Nov. 12 NE. 24 NE. 23 NNE. 24 NNE. 27 NE. 20 NE. 19 ENE. 19 NE. 18 NE. 19 NE. 19 NE. 17 ENE. 12 25.92 Nov. 13 NE. 14 ENE. 13 ENE. 12 ENE. 13 ENE. 11 ENE. 11 ENE. 11 ENE. 12 ENE. ia ENE. 11 ENE . 10 ENE. 10 11.42 Nov. 14 ESE. 8 ESE. 7 ESE. 7 ESE. 8 ESE. 10 E. 9 E. 9 ENE. 9 ENE. 9 E. 6 ENE . 8 E. 8 8.46 Nov. 15 ENE. 11 ENE. 11 ENE. 12 ENE. 11 ENE. 11 NE. 11 NE. 11 NE. 10 ENE. 9 NE. 11 NE. 11 NE. 11 10.04 Nov. 16 NE. 11 ENE. 10 NE. 10 NE. 11 NE. 10 NE. 11 NE. 12 NE. 15 NE. 15 NE. 16 NE. 15 NE. 16 11.58 Nov. 17 NE. 27 NE. 30 NE. 28 NE. 27 NE. 30 NE. 36 NE. 36 NE. 32 NE. 32 NE. 34 NE. 34 NE. 32 27.83 Nov. 18 NE. 20 NE. 21 NE. 21 ENE. 21 ENE. 24 ENE. 23 ENE. 24 ENE. 24 ENE. 17 ENE. 20 ENE . 20 ENE. 20 24.08 Nov. 19 E. 23 E. 19 E. 16 E. 16 E. 18 E. 22 E. 23 E. 24 E. 25 E. 28 ESE 26 ESE. 28 21.17 Nov. 20 E. 26 E. 20 E. 24 E. 24 E. 24 E. 24 E. 24 E. 24 E. 22 E. 21 E. 20 ENE. 20 23.12 Nov. 21 NE. 19 NE. 20 NE. 19 NE. 11 NE. 10 NE. 10 NE. 9 NE. 9 NE. 9 NE. 7 NE. 6 ENE. 4 17.58 Nov. 22 NW. 19 WNW. 19 WNW. 20 WNW. 21 WNW. 21 WNW. 20 WNW. 20 WNW. 18 W. 23 WNW. 20 WNW. 20 WNW .22 17.92 Nov. 23 W. 11 WSW. 9 WNW. 5 W. 6 W. 7 NW. 5 NW. 8 NW. 4 ESE. 5 ESE. 6 ESE 4 SE. 4 10.88 Nov. 24 SSE. 6 SSE. 6 SSE. 7 SSE. 8 SSE. 8 SSE. 9 SSE. 7 SSE. 6 SSE. 5 S. 5 NW. 10 WNW .24 8.42 Nov. 25 WNW. 16 w. 17 WNW. 18 WNW. 17 WNW. 12 WNW. 14 WNW. 10 W. 12 W. 10 WNW. 9 W. 8 WNW . 7 16.00 Nov. 26 SE. 16 SE. 19 SE. 19 SE. 19 SE. 19 SE. 18 SE. 17 SSE. 16 SE. 5 SSE. 6 SSE. 13 SSE. 6 11. 12 Nov. 27 ESE. 16 ESE. 17 ESE. 16 ESE. 16 ESE. 15 ESE. 19 SE. 20 SE. 21 SE. 11 SE. 9 ESE 12 ESE. 18 12.46 Nov. 28 E. 20 E. 20 E. 24 ESE. 23 ESE. 24 ESE. 20 ESE. 21 ESE. 24 ESE. 27 ESE. 28 ESE 32 ESE. 34 23.71 Nov. 29 ESE. 28 ESE. 23 ESE. 29 ESE. 25 ESE. 28 ESE. 28 ESE. 28 ESE. 28 ESE. 33 ESE. 32 E. 30 E. 32 25.88 Nov. 30 ESE. 24 ESE. 20 E. 16 ENE. 15 ENE. 12 ENE. 15 ENE. 15 ENE. 13 ENE. 13 ENE. 15 ENE . 17 ENE. 22 21.42 Means - 19.43 18.50 19.07 18.70 18.77 19.30 19.27 18.83 18.67 19.23 18.87 19.00 19.05 276 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to Avgust, 1883 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h IT™. Velocity given in miles per hour.] e. 1 a. m. 2 a.m. 3 a. m. 4 a.m. 5 a. m. 6 a.m. 7 a.m. 8 a. m. a. m. 10 a. n. 11 a. m. 12 m. Da1 Direction Directi sn Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction and and and and and and and anc and and and an( 1 velocity. velocity. velocity . velocit y. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocitj velocity." velocity. velocity. 1882. Dec. 1 ENE. 19 ENE. 17 ENE. 20 ENE. 19 ENE. 20 ENE. 17 ENE. 18 ENE. 18 ENE. 20 ENE. 20 ENE 17 ENE. 17 Dec. 2 E. 11 E. 10 E. 10 ESE. 10 ESE. 10 ESE. 13 ESE. 11 ESE. 9 ESE. 10 E. 10 ! ENE 10 E. 7 Dec. 3 ENE. 4 ENE. 4 ENE. 4 ENE. 5 E. 4 E. 3 ENE. 4 ENE. 4 ENE. 5 ENE. 4 ENE 3 E. 3 Dec. 4 SE. 3 SE. 4 SE. 5 SE. 5 SE. 5 SE. 3 SE. 1 Calm. SE. 5 SE. 4 SE. 4 SE. 5 Dec. 5 E. 8 E. 7 E. 9 ENE. 9 E. 10 E. 9 E. 9 E. 7 ENE. 6 ENE. 9 ENE 9 ENE. 7 Dec. 6 SE. 3 SE. 2 SE. 1 SE. 3 SE. 1 SE. 1 Calm. E. 5 ENE. 3 ENE. 2 ] ENE 3 ENE. 3 Dec. 7 NNE. 9 NNE. 11 NNE. 10 NNE. 10 NNE. 9 .NNE. 9 NNE. 8 NNE. 8 NNE. 8 S*fE. 8 NNE 8 NNE. 8 Dec. 8 NNE. 5 NNE. 4 NNE. 4 NNE. 3 NNE. 3 NNE. 2 NNE. 2 NNE. 2 NNE. 3 NNE. 4 ! N. 4 NNW. 4 Dec. 9 N. 9 NNW. 10 NNW. 9 NNW. 10 NNW. 10 NNW. 9 NNW. 8 NNW. 7 NNW. 6 NNW. 7 ; NNW. 7 NNW. 6 Dec. 10 N. 8 N. 8 N. 7 N. 8 N. 7 N. 6 N. 6 N. 6 N. 5 NNW. 7 NNAY. 5 NNW. 5 Dec. 11 WNW. 7 NW. 8 W. 7 wsw. ■•■■ 8 W. 8 W. 5 NW. 7 NW. 6 NW. 5 NW. 4 WNW. 4 WNW. 4 Dec. 12 wsw. 3 wsw. 2 SSW. 1 SSW. 1 SSW. 1 SE. 2 ESE. 8 ESE. 4 ESE. 5 ESE. G ESE. 6 ESE. 5 Dec. 13 SE. 7 SE. 7 SE. 6 ESE. 7 ESE. 8 SE. 8 SE. 8 SE. 8. SE. 8 SE. 7 SE. 7 SE. 6 Dec. 14 SE. 7 SE. 7 SE. 7 SE. 6 SE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 7 E. 8 E. 8 E. 7 E. 8 E. 6 Dec. 15 NlfE. 15 NE. 14 NNE. 14 NNE. 14 NNE. 14 NE. 13 NNE. 14 NE. 14 NE. 13 NNE. 15 NNE 14 NNE. 14 Dec. 16 ENE. 9 ENE. 8 ENE. 9 ENE. 8 ENE. 9 ENE. 9 ENE. 9 ENE. 11 ENE. 12 NE. 12 NE. 12 NE. 13 Dec. 17 NE. 12 NE. 13 NE. 13 NE. 11 NE. 12 NE. 9 NE. 12 NE. 13 NE. n NE. 12 NE. 10 ENE. 7 Dec. 18 ENE. 5 ENE. 5 ENE. 7 ENE. 9 ENE. 8 ENE. 6 ENE. 8 ENE. 7 ENE. 6 ENE. 6 ENE 3 ENE. 4 Dec. 19 E. 3 E. 3 E. 3 E. 6 E. 3 E. 3 E. 3 E. 2 E. 2 E. 2 E. 3 E. 5 Dec. 20 ssw. 8 SSW. 10 fcSW. 8 S. 7 S. 5 s. 10 S. 6 S. 6 S. 4 S. 2 S. 4 S. 4 Dec. 21 SSW. 2 SSW. 5 SSW. 5 SSW. 8 SSW. 8 SSW. 8 S. 8 S. 9 SSW. 7 SSAY. 3 NW. 8 NW. 6 Dec. 22 SE. t SE. 2 SE. 2 SE. 1 SE. 2 SE. 1 ; SE. 1 SE. 3 Calm. Calm. N. 7 N. 8 Dec. 23 NNW. 8 NNW. 7 NNW. 6 NNW. 7 NNW. 7 NNW. 7 I NNW. 7 NNW. 6 NNW. 6 NNW. 4 NNW. Calm. Dec. 24 Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. WNW. 1 Calm. Calm. Calm Calm. Dec. 25 Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. SE. 1 ESE. 2 NE. 6 NE. 7 NNE 10 NNE. 12 Dec. 26 NNE. 13 NNE. 15 NE. 13 NE. 12 NE. 12 NE. 2 NE. 2 NE. 2 NE. 1 Calm. NE. 1 S. 5 Dec. 27 WS¥. 13 WSW. H WSW. 13 WSW. 13 WSW. 12 WSW. 11 WSW. 10 WSW. 11 WSW. 9 SW. 13 SW. 11 SW. 12 Dec. 28 WSW. 19 WSW. 15 WSW. 15 WSW. 15 WSW. 9 SW. 9 SSW. 16 SSW. 18 s. 18 S. 20 S. 19 s. 20 Dec. 29 SW. 30 SW. 32 SW. 31 SSW. 31 WSW. 28 NNW. 36 NNW. 42 NNW. 36 NW. 24 NY'. 22 ; NW. 21 WNW 14 Dec. 30 SSE. 8 SE. 7 SSE. 10 SSE. 5 SE. 6 SE. 8 ESE. 12 ESE. 10 ESE. 10 SE. 1L SE. 12 SE. 13 Dec. 31 ns. SE. 21 SE. 16 SE. 17 SE. 19 ESE. 16 ESE. 18 SE. 21 SE. 15 SE. 19 ESE. 14 ESE. 16 SE. 16 Mes 8.71 8.61 8.58 8.71 8.23 7.90 8.68 8.32 7.90 7.81 7.97 7.7 1 1 p.m. 2 p.m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p. m 1 7 p.m. 8 p. m 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. T\ Daily Date. Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction mean ve- locity. and and and and and and and and and and and ant velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. 1882. Dec. ENE. 17 ENE. 16 ENE. 16 ENE. 16 E. 17 E. 12 E. 10 ENE. 12 E. 10 E. 5 E. 9 E. 12 15.58 Dec. 2 ENE. 8 ENE. 9 ENE. 11 ENE. 8 E. 8 E. 8 »E. 8 E. 8 E. 6 E. 6 ENE. 5 ENE. 4 8.75 Dec. 3 E. 3 ESE. 3 ESE. 2 ESE. 3 ESE. 3 SE. 3 SE. 4 SE. 7 SE. 3 SE. 4 SE. 2 SE. 4 3.67 Dec. 4 ESE. 6 ESE. 5 ESE. 4 ESE. 5 ESE. 6 ESE. 7 E. 10 E. 6 E. 8 E. 8 E. 6 E. 8 5.12 Dec. 5 ENE. 7 ENE. 4 ENE. 6 ENE. 3 E. 5 E. 5 E. 6 ESE. 6 SE. 3 SE. 4 SE. 3 SE. 3 6.42 Dee. 6 ENE. 2 NE. 5 NE. 6 NE. 7 NE. 5 NE. 6 ! NE. 7 NE. 6 NNE. 8 NNE. 4 NNE. 8 NNE. 9 4.17 Dec. 7 NNE. 8 NNE. 9 NNE. 8 NNE. 10 NNE. 10 NNE. 8 NNE. 6 NNE. 5 NNE. 6 NNE. 6 NNE. 7 NNE. 6 8.12 Dec. 8 NNW. 5 NNW. 5 NNW. 5 NNW. 5 NW. 5 NAY. 6 WNW. 7 NW. 10 NW. 12 NW. 11 NNW. 10 N. 10 5.46 Dec. 9 NNW". 7 N. 6 N. 6 N. 9 N. 8 N. 6 N. 7 N. 7 N. 9 N. 5 N. 7 N. 8 7.62 Dec. 10 NNW. 8 NNW. 7 NNW. 5 NNW. 4 SW. 5 WNW. 8 WNW. 7 WNW. 8 W^TW. 8 WF\7. 6 AYNW. 5 WNW . 7 6.50 Dec. 11 WNW. 2 WNW. 2 WNW. 2 WNW. 3 WSW. 4 WSW. 4 WSW. 4 WSW. 3 SW. 2 WSW. 1 WSW. 2 WSW 3 4.38 Dec. 12 ESE. 7 ESE. 7 ] ESE. 6 ESE. 7 ESE. 7 ESE. 11 SE. 8 SE. 7 SE. 6 ESE. 5 ESE. 4 SE. 9 5.33 Dec. 13 SE. 7 SE. 8 : SE, 6 SE. 5 SE. 7 SE. 8 SE. 6 SE. 6 SE. 6 SE. 5 SE. 5 SE. 5 6.71 Dec. H ENE. 7 ENE. 7 ENE. 5 ENE. 7 1 NE. 9 NE. 10 NE. 8 NE. 8 NE. 10 NNE. 11 NNE. 11 NNE. 16 8.17 Dec. 15 NE. 13 NE. 12 NE. 9 NE. 9 NE. 8 NE. 8 NE. 7 NE. 7 NE. 8 NE. 8 NE. 7 ENE. 9 11.38 Dec. 16 NE. 13 NE. 12 NE. 13 NE. 13 | NE. 12 NE. 12 NE. 15 NE. 15 NE. 13 NE. 14 NE. 12 NE. 10 11. 4G Dec. 17 ENE. 8 ENE. 7 1 ENE. 9 ENE. 9 1 ENE. 8 ENE. 7 ENE. 9 ENE. 9 ENE. 8 ENE. 7 ENE. 8 ENE. 6 9.58 Dec. 18 ENE. 4 E. 3 E. 5 E. 7 1 E. 8 E. 4 E. 5 E. 5 E. 5 E. 5 E. 5 E. 6 5.67 Dec. 19 E. 3 E. 3 E. 2 E. 4 ! E. 2 E. 4 E. 2 E. 5 E. 4 SE. SE. 6 S. 9 3.67 Dec. 20 S. 2 S. 1 SSW. 3 SSW. 3 SW. 4 W. 6 SW. 3 SAY. 3 SSW. 3 SW. 4 SSAY. 5 SSW. 3 4.75 Dec. 21 nw. 6 NW. 6 NW. 5 NW. 3 Calm. Calm. NW. 6 NW. 6 Calm. NAY. 4 NAY. 4 SSE. 2 4.96 Dec. 22 N. 7 N. 8 N. 8 N. 9 N. 10 N. 9 N. 8 N. 8 NNW. 8 NNW. 7 NNW. 9 NNW 8 5.29 Dec. 23 Calm. NNW. 2 ! NNW. 4 NNW. 3-1 NW. 3 NW. 3 NW. 3 NW. 3 NW. .1 Calm. Calm. Calm. 3.67 Dec. 24 Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. S. 1 S. 3 Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. .21 Dec. 25 NNE. 12 NNE. 14 NNE. 15 NNE. 16 , NNE. 16 NNE. 15 NNE. 16 NNE. 15 NNE. 13 NE. 10 NNE. 10 NNE. 10 8.33 Dec. 26 NNW. 6 NNW. 8 NNW. 5 NNW. 3 1 NNW. 3 Calm. WNW. 12 W. 13 W. 14 W 14 W. 12 WSW 10 7. 42 Dec. 27 SSW. 15 SSW. 12 SW. 18 SW. 13 SSW. 20 SSW. 22 SSW. 23 SSW. 19 SW. 25 AYSAV. 30 AYSAY. 26 AYSAY 17 15.92 Dec 28 s. 23 s. 23 S. 26 s. 26 | S. 28 S. 27 s. 34 S. 32 SSW. 32 SSAY. 36 SSAY. 29 SSAY. 32 22.54 Dec. 29 WNW. 16 WNW. 14 W. 13 w. 15 W. 12 WNW. 6 WNW. 5 WNW. 2 Culm. SSAY 4 Calm. Calm. 18.08 Dec 30 SE. 14 SE. 15 SE. 16 SE. 15 SE. 18 SE. 18 SE. 18 SE. 19 SE. 20 SE. 20 SE. 22 SE. 21 13.67 Dec 31 ans ESE. 16 ESE. 13 ESE. 17 ESE. 20 E. 19 E. 18 ESE. 20 E. 21 E. 18 ESE. 19 E. 20 E. 20 17.88 Me 8.13 1 7.94 8.26 8.39 8.71 8.45 9.26 9.06 8.68 8.68 8.35 8. Gl 8.40 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 277 Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 18S1, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feot. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour. J te. 1 a. ii 2 a. u . ■ 3 a. rr . 4 a.m. 5 a. ni. tt a. m. 7 a. m. S a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 m. Da Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocily. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. 1883. Jan. 1 Jan. 2 Jan. 3 Jan. 4 Jan. 5 E. E. SSW. E. NE. 17 26 4 12 12 E. ESE. SSW. E. NE. 23 24 6 7 11 E. ESE. SSW. E-. NE. 28 40 4 9 10 E. ESE. SSW. E. NE. 25 40 2 12 E. ESE. SE. E. NE. 24 32 9 10 11 ESE. ESE. SE. E. NE. 18 28 4 10 12 E. ESE. SE. E. NE. 20 32 5 10 11 E. ESE. SE. NNE. 25 32 10 9 12 E. ESE. E. NNE. 25 31 11 7 11 E. ESE. E. NNE. 24 23 15 6 12 ESE. SE. ESE. ENE. NNE. 23 23 15 9 12 ESE. 23 SE. 19 E. 12 ENE. 6 NNE. 12 Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 6 1 NNE. 7 N. 8 | WNW. 9 W. 10 WSW. 8 3 10 14 10 NNE. N. WNW. W. w. 9 7 10 8 10 NNE. NNW. WNW. W. WSW. 7 6 9 13 9 NNE. NNW. WNW. W. W. 7 6 7 15 15 NNE. NNW WNW. WNW. W. 7 8 15 15 NNE. NNW. WNW. W. WNW. 8 2 8 14 10 NNE. NNW WNW. W. WNW. 7 1 11 11 7 NNE. WNW. WNW. W. W. 6 5 11 16 12 NNE. WNW. WNW. WSW. WSW. 7 4 12 12 12 NNE. WNW. WNW. WSW. WSW. 5 5 12 16 12 NNE. WNW. WNW. W. WSW. 6 4 14 15 15 NNE. 6 WNW. 4 WNW. 11 W. 12 W. 10 Jan. Jau. Jan. Jan. Jan. 11 12 13 14 15 WSW. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 8 1 9 8 6 WSW. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 10 2 7 8 4 WSW. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 9 3 9 6 5 WSW. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 8 6 9 8 4 W. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 11 3 10 10 3 W. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 9 3 9 11 3 W. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 9 2 10 11 3 w. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 11 8 10 13 1 w. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 15 8 11 12 4 w. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 13 4 12 12 1 WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 10 6 10 11 1 WNW. 9 WNW. 4 WNW. 9 WNW. 13 WNW. 3 Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 16 17 18 19 20 ENE. SE. WSW. W. N. 9 33 34 14 10 ENE. SE. WSW. WNW. N. 11 23 28 Hi 11 ENE. SE. WSW. WNW. N. 10 19 27 16 10 ENE. SSE. WSW. WNW. NNE. 10 14 35 15 15 ENE. S. WSW. WNW. NNE. 14 12 29 12 12 ENE. WSW. WSW. WNW. NNE. 16 29 28 10 13 WSW. WSW. WNW. NNE. 17 34 33 8 13 E. wsw. WSW. WNW. NNE. 18 41 32 7 15 WSW. WSW. NW. NNE. 19 36 36 9 13 "P WSW. w. WNW. NNE. 23 37 40 7 10 E. SW. w. WNW. ENE. 24 41 34 7 10 E. 27 SW. 40 W. 37 WNW. 8 ENE. 17 Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 21 22 23 24 25 ENE. E. ESE. W. K. 30 33 39 19 15 E. E. ESE. WNW. N. 28 26 37 21 14 E. E. ESE. WNW. N. 28 33 39 22 10 E. E. ESE. WNW. N. 28 40 36 19 9 ENE. E. ESE. WNW. NNE. 28 35 33 22 14 ENE. E. ESE. WNW. NNE. 28 30 32 21 14 ENE. E. ESE. NW. NNE. 28 36 32 24 18 ENE. E. ESE. NW. NNE. 28 30 25 15 16 ENE. E. ESE. WNW. NNE. 28 32 12 15 17 E. E. ESE. W. NNE. 29 31 6 13 18 E. E. SE. WNW. NNE. 29 27 8 12 18 ENE. 31 E. 26 SSW. 5 WNW. 14 NNE. 18 Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 26 27 28 29 30 NNE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 13 8 8 8 1 NNE. ENE. E|FE. ENE. ESE. 10 8 8 8 2 NNE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 9 9 9 7 3 NNE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 8 8 8 8 2 NNE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 6 8 8 7 3 NNE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 9 8 8 8 1 NNE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 10 9 8 8 2 NNE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 12 8 8 6 3 NNE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 14 8 8 6 3 NNE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 12 9 8 6 3 NNE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 9 10 7 5 2 NNE. 9 ENE. 10 ENE. 8 ENE. 6 ESE. 4 Jan. 31 ins . SE. 3 SE. 5 , SE. 5 SE. 8 SE. 3 SE. 4 SE. 1 SE. 7 SE. 7 SE. 8' SE. 6 ESE. 8 Mes 13.70 12.97 13. 64 14. 0C 13.41 13.lt 13.90 14.5S 14.35 13.93 13.84 13.58 1 p.m. 2 p. m 3 p. m 4 p.m. 5 p. m. tt p.m. 7p.ni S p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. i Daily I Date. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. mean ve- locity. 1883. Jan. 1 Jan. 2 Jan. 3 Jan. 4 Jan. 5 E. SE. ESE. ENE. NNE. 21 18 12 6 12 E. SE. ESE. ENE. NNE. 17 20 11 6 11 E. SE. ESE. EXE. 30 17 9 7 11 E. SE. ESE. ENE. NNE. 31 12 8 8 11 E. SE. ESE. ENE. NNE. 30 16 9 7 11 E. SE. SE. ENE. NNE. 24 12 7 6 io- E. SE. SE. ENE. NNE. 25 10 7 7 12 E. SE. SE. ENE. NNE. 25 9 12 8 12 E. SE. ESE. ENE. NNE. 30 6 13 8 11 E. 27 SE. 8 ESE. 7 NE. 10 NNE. 9 E. SSE. ESE. • NE. NNE. 26 8 7 11 10 E. 30 SSE. 6 E. 12 NE. 11 NNE. 9 24.62 20.50 8.79 8.20 11.12 Jan. 6 Jan. 7 Jan. 8 Jan. 9 Jan. 10 NNE. WNW. WNW. W. W. 5 3 14 14 11 NNE. WNW. WNW. w. w. 3 5 9 13 13 NNE. WNW. WNW. W. w. 3 4 13 15 15 NNE. WNW. W. W. W. 1 5 14 15 11 Calm. WNW. W. w. w. 8 15 11 12 N. WNW. W. w. w. 2 8 16 12 12 N. WNW. W. WSW. w. 3 5 14 11 10 N. WNW. W. WSW. w. 4 5 12 11 9 N. WNW W. w. w. 4 14 13 12 7 N. 3 WNW. 12 W. 13 W. 11 W. 8 N. WNW W. w. w. 3 9 12 10 6 N. 4 WNW. 9 W. 12 WSW. 11 W. 8 4.91 5.66 11.66 12.79 10.79 Jan. 11 Jan. 12 Jan. 13 Jan. 14 Jan. 15 WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 7 6 9 13 4 WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 6 5 8 12 2 WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. Calm. 7 5 10 10 WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. 8 5 11 10 4 WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. ENE. 6 6 10 9 8 WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. ENE. 5 7 9 7 8 WNW. WNW. WNW. WNW. ENE. 5 1 WNW. 8 WNW. 11 1 WNW. 8' 1 WNW. 8 1 ENE. 9 11 8 8 WNW. 3 WNW. 4 WNW. 10 WNW. 9 ENE. 9 WNW. 4 WNW. 5 WNW. 10 WNW. 6 ENE. 10 WNW. 5 WNW. 7 WNW. 10 WNW. 7 ENE. 12 WNW. 2 WNW. 8 WNW. 10 WNW. 5 ENE. 7 7.66 5.25 9.75 9.45 4.91 Jan. 16 Jan. 17 Jan. 18 Jan. 19 Jan. 20 E. SW. W. WNW. ENE. 30 36 32 7 19 E. SW. w. WNW. ENE. 36 40 27 8 20 E. SW. W. WNW. ENE. 44 38 38 6 20 E. SW. w. WW. ENE. 55 32 26 5 21 WSW. w. WNW. ENE. 52 40 26 5 24 WSW. w. WNW. ENE. 60 34 25 8 24 E. SW. WSW. NW. ENE. 56 30 26 4 25 E. SW. w. Calm. ENE. 52 32 25 25 ESE. 48 WSW. 35 WNW. 20 W. 2 ENE. 31 ESE. 48 WSW. 33 WNW. 20 W. 2 ENE. 29 ESE. WSW. W. W. ENE. 46 :;.3 16 3 30 ESE. 39 WSW. 33 W. 16 NW. 7 ENE. 30 31.83 32.29 28.33 7.75 18.87 Jan. 21 Jan. 22 Jan. 23 Jan. 24 Jan. 25 ENE. ENE. SSW. NW. NNE. 31 29 5 17 16 ENE. ENE. SW. NW. NNE. 34 27 6 20 17 ENE. ENE. SW. NW. NNE. 32 29 4 11 17 ENE. ENE. SW. NNW. NNE. 31 31 1 16 20 ENE. ENE. SW. NNW. NNE. 30 34 2 18 19 ENE. E. S*E. NNW. NNE. 26 30 4 15 15 ENE. E. SSE. NNW. NNE. 28 36 5 14 16 ENE. E. S. NNW. NNE. 29 40 7 10 17 ENE. E. S. N. NNE. 30 38 7 16 20 ENE. 34 E. 40 SSW. 8 NNW. 13 NNE. 16 ENE. E. SW. N. NNE. 32 3S 13 14 15 ENE. 30 E. 35 WSW. 18 N. 12 NNE. 1(> 29.58 32.75 16.00 16.37 16.04 Jan. 26 Jan. 27 Jan. 28 Jan. 29 Jan. 30 NNE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 5 10 7 4 2 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 5 9 7 4 3 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 5 8 8 2 6 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 7 8 3 4 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 5 7 8 3 4 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 6 8 8 3 4 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 8 10 8 2 6 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 9 9 8 2 5 NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. 6 10 4 2 6 NE. 5 ENE. 8 ENE. 4 E. 2 ESE. 6 ENE. ENE. ENE. E. ESE. 8 8 5 2 6 ENE. 8 e!s t e. 8 ENE. 8 ESE. 2 SE. 6 8.25 8.54 7.45 4.75 3.62 Jan. 31 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 9 ESE. 8 SE. 10 SE. 10 SE. 11 ESE. 11 ESE. 15 ESE. 13 ESE. 12 ESE. 12 8.00 Means . 13.32 13.29 13.64 13.84 14.35 13.70 13.84 13. 8( 14.29 13.68 13.68 13.68 13.70 278 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Statement shotting the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour.] 1 . 1 a. m 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a.m. 5 a.m. a.m. 7 a. in. 8 a.m. 9 a.m. 10 a. m 11 a. m 12 m. Date. Direction and • velocity. 1 Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. 1883. Feb. 1 ESE. Feb. 2 SW. Feb. 3 SSW. Feb. 4 i W. 12 4 8 44 ESE. SW. SW. W. 15 6 8 48 ESE. SW. SW. W. 12 6 8 54 ESE. SW. SSW. W. 15 3 8 51 ESE. SW. SSW. W. 10 6 9 50 ESE. SW. SSW. w. 9 9 8 46 E. SW. s. w. 12 9 1 36 F SSW. s. w. 9 8 8 31 F SSW. s. w. 6 6 11 28 E. SSW. S. W. 7 6 11 25 E. SSW. S. WSW. 4 8 11 18 F SSW. s. WSW. 6 11 10 12 Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 5 ' NNE. 6 "WSW. 7 , SE. 8 W. 9 ESE. 7 48 23 60 25 NE. WSW. ESE. W. ESE. 7 50 29 54 24 ENE. WSW. ESE. W. ESE. 6 48 36 56 27 NE. -WSW. ESE. W. SE. 11 56 35 55 21 ENE. WSW. ESE. W. s. 13 56 40 55 24 WSW. ESE. W. S. 16 48 35 48 21 E. W. SE. WSW. S. 15 50 40 48 24 ESE. w. SE. WSW. S. 9 40 40 47 27 SSW. w. SE. WSW. s. 16 46 42 40 33 S. w. SE. WSW. S. 13 45 40 36 35 SSE. w. SE. WSW. SSE. 17 S. 44 WNW. 32 ! SSE. 38 ! WSW. 32 | S. 20 35 25 30 34 Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 10 < W. 11 WNW. 12 SSW. 13 IfW. 14 NW. 40 12 8 31 WNW. wnw. SSW. KNW. NW. 36 15 8 11 WNW. WNW. SSW. NNW. NW. 40 16 10 15 WNW. W. SSW. NNW. NW. 32 11 9 13 WNW. WNW. S. NW. NW. 32 8 8 11 WNW. W. S. ' NW. NW. 29 12 5 6 WNW. WNW. S. WNW. NW. 30 15 3 5 WNW. w. S. WNW. NW. 27 14 4 4 WNW. w. s. WNW. NW. 24 15 5 3 WNW. w. s. WNW. WNW. 23 14 5 6 WNW. w. SSE. WNW. WNW. 22 16 5 8 WNW. W. SSE. WNW. WNW. 22 15 3 8 Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 15 W. 16 W. 17 ESE. 18 ESE. 19 SW. 7 14 5 9 14 w. w. ESE. ESE. SW. 8 12 6 9 15 W. W. E. ESE. SW. 8 11 7 6 13 WNW. W. E. ESE. SW. 9 12 8 9 8 WNW. W. E. ESE. SW. 8 8 6 9 8 WNW. W. E. ESE. SW. 7 7 4 10 10 WNW. W. E. ESE. SW. 9 10 4 10 9 WNW. WSW. E. ESE. SW. 8 8 3 7 7 WNW. WSW. ENE. ESE. SW. 8 6 7 9 7 w. WSW. NE. ESE. SW. 7 4 8 15 6 W. WSW. NE. ESE. WSW. 8 3 8 16 5 W. SW. NE. SE. SW. 8 4 8 11 4 Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 20 NW. 21 M¥. 22 NNW. 23 NE. 24 : WNW. 10 8 10 4 .7 NW. NNW. NNW. NE. WNW. 11 7 12 1 5 NNW. NNW. NNW. NE. WNW. 13 8 11 1 6 NNW. NNW. NNW. NE. WNW. 11 8 11 1 7 NNW. NNW. NNW. NE. WNW. 11 7 9 1 6 NNW. NNW. N. Calm. WNW. 12 8 10 4 NNW. NNW. N. Calm. WNW. 12 7 10 4 NNW. NNW. N. NE. WNW. 8 6 5 1 4 NNW. NNW. N. NE. WNW. 10 8 5 1 4 NNW. NNW. N. NE. W. 7 10 6 2 7 NNW. NNW. NNE. NE. W. 11 6 4 2 6 NNW. NNW. NNE. NE. W. 11 6 9 4 5 Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. 25 WSW. 26 WSW. 27 SE. 28 SSE. 8 4 8 8 WSW. WSW. SE. S. 8 3 12 6 WSW. WSW. SE. S. 8 3 13 5 WSW. Calm. SE. S. 9 18 7 WSW. Calm. SE. S. 11 12 6 WSW. Calm. SE. S. 11 11 7 WSW. WSW. SE. S. 8 1 4 9 WSW. Calm. SE. SSW. 10 6 8 WSW. Calm. SE. SSW. 12 6 9 WSW. SW. SE. SSW. 11 1 5 8 WSW. SW. SE. ssw. 14 3 6 10 WSW. SSE. SE. SSW. 11 2 3 8 Means . 15. 11 15.46 16.15 16.03 15.38 14.31 13.84 12.38 12.84 12.61 12.50 11.19 lp.n . 2 p. m . 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p. re i. 6 p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p. m . 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p.m. Daily Date. Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction mean ve- locity. and # and and and and and and and and and and and velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. 1883. Feb. 1 E. 2 E. 2 E. 2 E. 3 E. 2 E. 2 WSW. 4 WSW. 1 WSW. 4 WSW. 3 WSW. 5 WSW. 7 6.41 Feb. 2 SSW. 10 SW. 10 SW. 9 SW. 8 SW. 8 SSW. 8 SW. .7 SSW. 6 SSW. 8 SSW. 9 SSW. 8 SSW. 7 7.50 Feb. 3 SSE. 11 S. 16 SSW. 28 SSW. 20 SSW. 28 SSW. 22 SSW. 26 SW. 26 SW. 31 WSW. 48 WSW. 49 W. 44 18.75 Feb. 4 WSW. 15 WSW. 21 SSW. 12 SW. 16 SW. 14 SW. 14 SW. 14 SSW. 9 SSW. 9 SSW. 11 SW. 8 SW. 6 24.66 Feb. 5 S. 26 S. 24 S. 26 S. 28 SSW. 28 SW. 28 SW. 30 SSW. 44 SW. 32 WSW. 45 WSW. 47 WSW. 43 22.95 Feb. 6 WNW. 31 WNW. 28 NW. 20 NW. 16 NW. 16 NNW. 8 NNW. 7 NNW. 5 ENE. 8 E. 12 E. 13 ESE. 18 31.16 Feb. 7 SSE. 20 SSW. 19 SW. 29 WSW. 44 WSW. 44 WSW. 48 SSW- 36 SW. 46 SW. 52 WSW. 45 W. 52 W. 58 38.16 Feb. 8 w. 25 W. 20 WSW. 14 SW. 10 SW. 12 SSW. 14 SSW. 8 s. 7 SE. 6 ESE. 12 ESE. 17 ESE. 22 30.58 Feb. 9 s. 37 S. 40 S. 46 S. 42 SW. 52 SW. 60 WSW. 71 SW. 75 WSW. 70 WSW. WSW. WSW. ,(*) Feb. 10 WNW. WNW. W. W. 47 WNW. 44 w. 48 W. 48 w. 52 WNW. 44 WNW. 44 WNW. 41 WNW. 38 (*) Feb. 11 w. 18 w. 18 W. 16 W. 14 WSW. 11 WSW. 11 WSW. 8 SW. 18 SSW. 12 SSW. 13 SSW. 13 SSW. 9 21.58 Feb. 12 s. 18 s. 15 S. 15 SSW. 17 SSW. 18 SSW. 17 SSW. 14 SSW. 8 SW. 8 W. 9 WNW. 7 WNW. 6 13.32 Feb. 13 WNW. 3 WNW. 2 WNW. 3 W. 4 w. fi w. 4 W. 4 w. 4 w. 4 WNW. 4 NW. 6 NW. 5 5.08 Feb. 14 WNW. 7 W. 5 W. 4 WNW. 7 WNW. 5 NW. 8 NW. 4 NW. 4 w. 6 W. 8 W. 8 W. 6 7.20 Feb. 15 w. 17 W. 15 W. 15 W. 16 W. 24 w. 16 W. 22 w. 16 w. 17 W. 14 W. 13 W. 11 12.12 Feb. 16 ESE. 2 ESE. 8 ESE. 5 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 10 ESE. 7 ESE. 5 ESE. 7 ESE. 7 ESE. 6 7.50 Feb. 17 NE. 9 NE. 8 NE. 12 ENE. 8 ENE. 5 ENE. 6 ENE. 6 E. 7 E. 12 E. 14 E. 9 E. 10 7.50 Feb. 18 SE. 10 SE. 11 SSE. 16 S. 9 S. 7 S. 11 SSW. 13 SSW. 10 SSW. 8 SSW. 11 SW. 12 SW. 12 10.41 Feb. 19 SW. 5 SW. 5 W. 6 W. 5 W. 10 W. 6 WNW. 7 NW. 9 NW. 11 NW. 11 NW. 9 NAY. 11 8.37 Feb. 20 NNW. 12 N. 10 N. 9 N. 9 N. 13 NNE. 10 NNE. 12 N. 12 N. 10 N. 13 NNW. 12 NNW. 10 10.79 Feb. 21 NNW. 8 NNW. 9 NNW. 11 NNW. 12 NNW. 10 NNW. 10 N. 11 N. 10 N. 12 N. 11 N. 13 N. 13 9.12 Feb. 22 NNE. 5 NE. fi NE. 2 NE. 4 NE. 6 NE. 4 Calm. NE. 5 NE. 2 Calm. NE. 1 NE. 1 5.75 Feb. 23 Calm. SSW. 2 SSW. 3 SSW. 3 SSW. 5 W. 5 W. 5 W. 6 W. 8 W. 8 W. 8 W. 8 3.29 Feb. 24 W. 9 w. 7 W. 9 W. 9 WSW. 8 W. H W. 8 w. 8 W. 6 W. 7 W. 9 W. 8 . 6. 66 Feb. 25 WSW. 10 WSW. 8 WSW. 11 WSW. 7 WSW. S WSW. 7 WSW. 7 WSW. 6 WSW. 7 WSW. 3 WSW. 3 WSW. 4 8.41 Feb. 26 Calm. SSE. 1 SSE. 2 SSE. 6 SSE. 6 SSE. SSE. 11 SE. 10 SE. 9 SE. 10 SE. 8 SE. 12 4.12 Feb. 27 SE. 9 SE. 9 SE. 14 SE. 13 SE. SE. 4 SE. 5 SE. 6 SE. 9 SE. 8 SE. 7 SSE. 7 8.41 Feb. 28 ns. SSW. 8 SSW. 7 SSW. 5 SSW. 5 SSW. • 5 SSW. 4 SSW. 3 N. 7 N. 6 N. 8 N. 12 N. 6 6.95 Mea 11.38 11.00 11.46 11.57 12.07 11.11 10.84 11.42 11.61 13.23 13.69 13.46 12.94 ' Record incomplete for February 9 and 10. < EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 279 Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet Washingto n mean time c orrection to reduce to mean local time, — 5 1 ' 17 m . Veloci ty given in miles per hour. | 1 a.m. 2 a. m. 3 a.m. 4 a.m. 5 a. m. a. m. 7 a.m. 8 a, m. i) a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a.m. 12 m. Date. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. 1883. Mar. 1 N. 6 N. 6 N. 7 N. 8 N. 10 N. 6 N. 6 N. 6 N. 6 N. 8 N. 6 N. 5 Mar. 2 Mar. 3 Mar. 4 Mar. 5 Mar. 6 NE. ESE. E. SW. TOW. 10 7 13 14 7 NE. 12 ESE. 5 E. 11 SW. 11 WNW. 6 ENE. ESE. E. SW. w. 16 6 13 12 9 E. ESE. ENE. W. W. 13 12 11 13 8 E. ESE. ENE. WSW. w. 13 8 13 9 8 E. ESE. ENE. WSW. W. 12 7 10 12 6 E. ESE. ENE. WSW. W. 11 6 16 10 6 E. ESE. ENE. W. AV. 14 4 8 13 8 E. ESE. ENE. WNW. W. 12 5 8 14 11 E. ESE. ENE. WNW. W. 14 4 6 9 10 E. 16 ESE. 5 ENE. 4 WNW. 8 W. 9 E. ESE. ENE. WNW. WSW. 17 6 14 7 9 Mar. 7 Mar. 8 Mar. 9 Mar. 10 Mar. 11 wsav. W. W. w. sw. 4 14 13 6 7 WSW. 4 W. 14 W. 10 W. 6 SW. 4 wsw. wsw. w. wsw. SW. 3 13 10 8 4 WSW. wsw. w. wsw. sw. 3 12 13 6 3 wsw. wsw. w. wsw. SW. 4 11 11 6 4 WSW. WSW. W. WSW. SW. 4 12 12 6 3 WSW. wsw. w. wsw. SW. 4 11 10 6 3 WSW. SW. W. WSW. SW. 7 i WSW. 10 WSW. 10 : WSW. 4 1 WSW. 2 SW. 8 10 3 1 WSW. WSW. WSW. wsw. Calm. 8 11 8 3 WSW. 8 W. 16 SW. 8 WSW. 4 SSE. 2 wsw. w. SW. wsw. NE. 10 16 10 4 2 Mar. 12 Mar. 13 Mar. 14 Mar. 15 Mar. 16 NE. sw. SE. ENE. ENE. 12 6 4 14 20 NE. 12 SW. 1 SE. 3 ENE. 10 ENE. 20 NE. WSW. SE. ENE. ENE. 11 1 3 14 IS NE. wsw. SE. ENE. ENE. 10 3 • o 14 18 NE. WSW. SE. ENE. ENE. ■I 1 14 16 NE. WSW. SE. ENE. ENE. 10 4 1 13 18 NE. WSW. SE. ENE. ENE. 10 4 2 13 22 NE. WSW. SE. ENE. ENE. 10 ] NE. 4 WSW. 2 j SE. 13 ! ENE. 22 ; EKE. 9 4 2 12 22 NE. WSW. Calm. ENE. ENE. 11 5 14 24 NE. 9 WSW. 8 E. ■ 1 ENE. 12 ENE. 22 ENE. NNE. NE. ENE. ENE. 4 6 4 10 22 Mar. 17 Mar. 18 Mar. 19 Mar. 20 Mar. 21 ENE. NE. NE. ssw. ESE. 21 20 11 4 12 ENE. 22 ENE. 20 NE. 9 SSW. 3 ESE. 11 ENE. ENE. NE. SSW. E. 21 19 9 5 12 ENE. ENE. NE. SSW. E. 28 12 10 2 11 ENE. ENE. NE. SSW. E. 24 13 8 2 10 ENE. ENE. NE. SSW. E. 24 14 5 1 10 ENE. ENE. NE. SSW. E. 25 14 6 4 14 ENE. E. NE. SSW. E. 24 ! ENE. 12 : E. 4 ; NE. 1 : SSW. 14 \ E. 24 15 3 4 14 ENE. E. ESE. SSW. E. 23 13 4 3 16 ENE. 24 ENE. 18 SSE. . 3 Calm. E. 16 ENE. ENE. SSE. SW. E. 22 ie 4 3 17 Mar. 22 Mar. 23 Mar. 24 Mar. 25 Mar. 26 E. SE. 'SE. SE. WSW. 28 4 12 14 6 ESE. 30 SE. 7 SE. 17 SE. 17 SW. 3 E. SE. SE. SSE. SW. 30 6 17 20 4 E. SSE. SE. SSE. SW. 32 18 18 2 E. SW. SE. SSE. NNW. 26 14 19 16 2 E. SW. SE. SSE. NE. 23 14 18 16 4 E. SW. SE. SSE. NE. 24 16 19 21 4 E. SW. SE. SSE. NE. 28 ' ESE. ' 15 ! SW. IK SE. 20 ! SSE. 8 NE. 28 14 18 17 10 ESE. SW. SE. SSE. ENE. s 16 14 11 ESE. 26 SW. 12 SE. 16 SSE. 16 ENE. 12 ESE. SW. SE. SSE. ENE. 26 10 16 14 13 Mar. 27 Mar. 28 Mar. 29 Mar. 30 Mar. 31 SSW. wsw. SE. WSW. SSE. 34 23 17 7 8 S. 29 SW. 13 SE. 19 S. 4 SSE. 2 s. SW. SE. SE. S. 27 15 16 4 3 S. SSW. SE. SSE. SSE. 28 8 13 5 5 SSW. SW. SE. SSE. SSE. 25 12 16 6 5 SSW. SSW. SSE. SSE. SSE. 28 8 12 4 4 SSW. s. SSE. S. SSE. 25 8 8 3 9 S. S. SSE. SSE. s. 22 3 8 3 8 S. SSE. SE. SSE. SW. 25 9 6 6 6 S. SSE. SE. SSE. SW. 29 8 7 6 2 S. 32 SE. 12 SSE. 8 S. 5 SW. 7 S. SE. S. SSW. WSW. 32 4 5 5 4 Means - 12.19 11.00 11.48 11.22 11.00 10.35 10.96 10.48 10.80 10.64 11.12 11.06 1 p.m. 2 p. m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. p.m. 7 p.m. S p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. 12 p.m. Daily mean ve- locity. Date. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. ' Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. 1883. Mar. 1 N. 7 N. 7 N. 7 N. 8 N. r ■ N. 6 N. 8 NNE. 30 NNE. 7 NNE. 12 NNE. 12 NE. 10 7.62 Mar. 2 Mar. 3 Mar. 4 Mar. 5 Mar. 6 ESE. 'ESE. ENE. WNW. WSW. 18 7 8 10 10 ESE. ESE. ENE. WNW. WSW. 19 11 6 10 10 ESE. ESE. ENE. WNW. WSW. 17 4 6 14 11 ESE. ESE. ESE. NW. WSW. 16 7 5 12 8 ESE. ESE. SE. NW. SW. ?7 11 5 12 8 ESE. ESE. SSE. WW. wsw. - 16 8 6 11 8 ESE. ESE. SSW. WNW. WSW. 18 8 8 12 8 ESE. ESE. SSW. WNW. WSW. 18 8 10 11 10 ESE. ESE. SSW. NW. SW. 21 5 14 10 8 ESE. ESE. SW. NW. WSW. 16 9 14 8 7 ESE. ESE. SW. WNW AVSW. 12 12 15 8 10 ESE. 10 E. 12 SW. 14 WNW. 7 WSW. 8 14.91 7.37 9.91 10.70 8.45 Mar. 7 Mar. 8 Mar. 9 Mar. 10 Mar. 11 WSW. WNW. SW. WSW. SSE. 11 16 10 3 3 WSW. WNW. SW. WSW. SE. 11 15 12 4 5 WSW. WNW. WSW. WSW. ESE. 17 18 11 4 5 AVSW. WN W. AVSW. WSW. ESE. 14 19 9 4 wsw. WNW. wsw. SW. ESE. 15 18 11 I w. WNW. W. SW. ESE. 17 17 11 5 4 W. WNW. W. SW. ESE. 20 18 12 5 6 WSW. W. w. SW. ENE. 14 16 12 6 6 w. w. w. wsw. ENE. 15 18 8 5 9 WNW W. AV. WSW. ENE. 12 15 8 4 16 W. W. w. SW. ENE. 14 10 7 6 14 W. 14 W. 10 W. 7 SW. 8 ENE. 9 10.04 14.16 10.08 5.12 5.00 Mar. 12 Mar. 13 Mar. 14 Mar. 15 Mar. 16 ENE. NE. NNE. ENE. ENE. 6 5 4 11 22 ENE. SE. NNE. ENE. ENE. 3 2 4 12 24 ENE. NE. SE. ENE. ENE. 8 1 3 12 26 ENE. SSE. SE. ENE. ENE. 10 2 3 15 24 NE. SE. E. ENE. ENE. 5 2 16 24 NE. SE. E. ENE. ENE. 2 1 6 19 24 NE. SE. SE- ENE. ENE. 2 1 4 19 29 NE. SE. ENE. ENE. ENE. 3 4 16 24 SW. SE. E. ENE. ENE. 3 2 10 16 23 WSW. SE. ENE. ENE. ENE. 5 2 8 16 26 SW. SE. ENE. ENE. ENE. 4 3 7 18 22 SW. 4 SE. 4 ENE. 6 ENE. 16 ENE. 19 7.25 3.29 3.91 14.12 22.12 Mar. 17 Mar. 18 Mar. 19 Mar. 20 Mar. 21 ENE. ENE. SSW. Calm. E. 24 15 6 IS ENE. ENE. SSW. Calm. E. 24 14 3 20 ENE. ENE. SSW. ESE. E. 24 13 6 4 23 ENE. ENE. SSW. ESE. E. 23 14 7 3 26 ENE. ENE. SSW. ESE. E. 25 16 5 4 28 ENE. NE. SSW. ESE. E. 20 17 6 5 28 ENE. NE. SSW. ESE. E. 22 20 6 5 30 ENE. NE. SSW. ESE. ESE. 23 18 8 6 26 ENE. NE. SSW. ESE. E. 25 12 10 6 31 ENE. NE. SSW. ESE. ESE. 25 10 (i 4 29 ENE. NE. SSW. ESE. ESE. 23 15 8 7 25 ENE. 21 NE. 12 SSW. 6 ESE. 9 ESE. 28 23.37 15.08 6.37 3.54 19.54 Mar. 22 Mar. 23 Mar. 24 Mar. 25 Mar. 20 ESE. SW. SE. SSE. ENE. 27 15 16 16 14 ESE. S. SE. SSE. ENE. 24 17 14 15 17 ESE. S. SE. p. E. 20 14 16 14 22 ESE. S. SE. SSAV. E. 23 12 16 10 24 SE. S. SE. SSW. ESE. 23 12 20 11 24 SE. S. SE. SW. ESE. 18 11 20 10 23 SE. S. SE. SW. ESE. 11 11 19 12 27 SE. S. SE. SW. ESE. 16 10 19 14 24 SE. S. SE. W. SE. 8 11 21 17 19 SE. S SE. SW. SE. 6 6 20 S 20 SE. S. SE. SW. SSE. 2 13 19 8 20 SE. 5 SSE. 14 SE. 16 SW. 8 SSE. 21 21.50 11.75 17.50 14.41 13. 91 Mar. 27 Mar. 28 Mar. 29 Mar. 30 Mar. 31 S. ESE. WSW. SSE. AV. 11.80 32 14 8 4 6 S. ESE. SW. SW. NW. 26 16 6 8 8 SSW. ESE. WSAV. SSW. NNW. 28 16 12 7 11 WSW. ESE. W. SSW. NNW. 24 14 15 3 12 WSW. ESE. W. SSW. NNW. 27 11 11 7 14 SW. ESE. W. s. NNW. 12.29 25 10 8 13 SW. ESE. W. S. NNW. 27 12 13 8 19 WSW. ESE. W. S. NNW. 28 15 17 9 20 AVSW. ESE. W. S. NAV. 27 16 12 5 18 WSW. ESE. AVSAV. SSE. NNAV. 24 18 8 18 WSW. SE. WSAV. S. NNAV. 27 17 10 12 19 WSW. 20 SE. 17 SW. 8 SSE. 11 NNAV. 10 27.12 12.29 11.08 6.16 9.83 Means 11. is, 12.70 12.51 13.12 13.54 S3.S0 13.2 ) 12. 54 12.8' 11.93 11.85 280 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at JJglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17"". Velocity given in miles per hour. 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a.m. 1 a. m. 5 a.m. fi a.m. 7 a. m. 8 a.m. 9 a.m. 10 a.m. 11 a.m. 12 m. Date. Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction and and and and and and and and and and and and velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity 1883. Apr. 1 NNW. 19 NNW. 18 NNW. 17 NNW. 19 NNW. 16 NNW. 15 NNW. 16 NNW. 17 NNW. 16 NNW. 14 NNW. 15 NNW. IS Apr. 2 NW. • 2 NW. 3 NW. 3 NW. 3 NW. 2 NW. 4 NW. 4 NW. 3 NW. 3 WSW. 1 W. 2 N. 2 Apr. 3 N. 5 N. 4 N. 3 N. 4 N. 4 N. 4 N. 4 N. 4 N. 1 N. 1 N. 4 N. 4 Apr. 4 N. 4 N. 3 N. 3 N. 3 N. 4 Calm. Calm. N. 2 N. 4 w. 3 W. 3 W. i Apr. 5 W. 6 WNW. 7 WNW. 7 WNW. 7 NW. 6 NW. 6 NW. 6 NW. 5 NW. 3 NW. 3 Calm. NE. 2 Apr. 6 SSE. 1 SSE. 3 SSE. 6 S. G S. 4 SW. 3 SSW. 5 SSW. 4 S. 6 s. 7 S. 6 S. 7 Apr. 7 SSW. 7 SSW. 5 SSW. 3 SSW. 4 SSW. 11 SSW. 10 SSW. 9 SSW. 7 SSW. 8 SSW. 8 SSW. 8 SSW. fi Apr. 8 SSE. 10 SE. 10 SE. 11 SE. 13 SE. 13 SE. 12 SE. 13 ESE. 13 ESE. 13 ESE. 11 ESE. 8 ENE. 9 Apr. 9 ENE. 13 ENE. 13 ENE. 13 ENE. 13 ENE. 12 ENE. 12 ENE. 14 ENE. 14 ENE. 15 ENE. 15 ENE. 15 ENE. 15 Apr. 10 ENE. 29 E. 28 ENE. 27 ENE. 25 ENE. 22 ENE. 22 ENE. 22 ENE. 19 ENE. 18 ENE. 17 ENE. 15 ENE. 14 Apr. 11 ENE. 14 ENE. 15 ENE. 16 ENE. 15 ENE. 16 ENE. 12 ENE. 12 ENE. 13 ENE. 14 ENE. 14 ENE. 9 E. 9 Apr. 12 1 Calm. E. 2 E. 3 E. 1 E. 3 E. 4 SSW. 7 SW. 6 SW. 5 WSW. 4 SW. 2 SW. •> Apr. 13 ! NW. 3 NW. 2 NW. 9 NW. NW. 3 NW. 3 NW. 3 NW. 1 w. 4 WSW. • 1 Calm. SW. 4 Apr. 14 W. 1 W. 1 W. 6 W. 5 W. 4 W. 5 w. 6 W. 6 w. 5 w. 5 W. 6 WSW. 4 Apr. 15 w. 3 w. 1 W. 2 w. 3 W. 3 w. 1 w. 2 W. / 1 w. 1 w. 1 W. 2 Calm. Apr. 16 NNE. 9 NNE. 7 NNE. 8 NNE. 12 NNE. 9 NNE. 12 NNE. 11 NNE. 12 NNE. 8 NE. 11 NNE. 8 NNE. 7 Apr. 17 N. 7 N. 4 N. 6 N. 6 N. 4 N. 3 N. 1 Calm. WSW. 3 WSW. 3 wsw. • 4 SW. 4 Apr. 18 SSW. 8 SSW. 5 SSW. 4 SSW. 5 SSW. 6 SSE. 5 SSE. 2 SSE. 3 SSE. 3 ESE. 3 ESE. 5 E. 9 Apr. 19 NE. 13 NE. 14 NE. 16 NE. 15 NE. 14 NE. 13 NE. 14 NE. 12 NE. 14 NE. 14 NE. 12 NE. 12 Apr. 20 ENE. 8 E. 12 E. 8 NE. 6 NE. 8 E. 12 E. 6 E. 3 E. 15 E. 12 ENE. 14 ESE. 5 Apr. 21 ESE. 2 NE. 1 N. 3 N. 3 W. 6 W. 6 W. 9 WNW. 14 W. 17 WNW. 17 W. 17 W. 17 Apr. 22 W. 14 W. 12 W. 12 W. 12 w. 13 W. 10 W. 8 W. 7 W. 6 W. 3 w. 1 SW. 1 Apr. 23 ESE. 13 ESE. , 12 ESE. 12 ESE. 15 ESE. 11 ESE. 10 ESE. 15 ESE. 11 ESE. 14 ESE. 13 E. 13 E. 13 Apr. 24 E. 17 E. 20 E. 16 E. 12 ENE. 16 ENE. 14 ENE. 14 ENE. 14 ENE. 16 ENE. 13 ENE. 9 ENE. 10 Apr. 25 NE. ' 2 WNW. 3 WNW. 6 WNW. 4 W. 8 WSW. 6 WSW. 4 WSW. 3 WSW. 4 WSW. 2 W. 6 W. 7 Apr. 26 NW. 9 W. 4 WNW. 4 WNW. 5 WNW. 6 W. 6 w. 5 W. 4 W. 7 W. 11 W. 13 W. n Apr. 27 W. 12 W. 10 W. 8 W. fi w. 6 W. 6 w. 4 W. 5 W. 6 WSW. 7 WSW. 6 WSW. 5 Apr. 28 WSW. 4 WSW. 5 WSW. 5 WSW. 4 WSW. 3 WSW. 5 Calm. SSW. 5 SSW. 4 WSW. 4 WSW. 3 WSW. 1 Apr. 29 N. 6 NNW. 6 NNW. ' 6 NNW. 9 NW. 4 NNE. 5 NE. 6 NE. 5 NE. 4 ENE. 6 ENE. 3 NNE. 4 Apr. 30 NNE. 6 NNW. 7 NNW. 9 N. 8 N. C N. 1 NNW. 5 N. 6 NNE. 11 ENE. 10 ENE. 8 NE. t Means . 8.23 7.90 8.16 8.16 8.10 7.56 7.56 7.30 8.26 7.80 7.23 i 6.76 1 p.m. 2 p.m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. 12 p. m. Daily mean ve- locity. Date. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. 1883. Apr. 1 Apr. 2 Apr. 3 Apr. 4 Apr. 5 Apr. 6 Apr. 7 Apr. 8 Apr. 9 Apr. 10 Apr. 11 Apr. 12 Apr. 13 Apr. 14 Apr. 1 5 Apr. 16 Apr. 17 Apr. 18 Apr. 19 Apr. 20 Apr. 21 Apr. 22 Apr. 23 Apr. 24 Apr. 25 Apr. 26 Apr. 27 Apr. 28 Apr. 29 Apr. 30 NNW. 14 Calm. N. 2 W. 4 NE. 2 S. 10 SSW. 10 E. 12 ENE 15 ENE. 16 ENE. 9 WSW. 2 Calm. SW. 5 W. 2 NNE. G SW. 5 E. 2 NE. 12 Calm. W. 19 SW. 1 E. 16 ENE. 17 W. 7 W. 11 WSW. 5 Calm. NE. 4 NE. 6 NNW. 12 WNW. 1 N. 3 W. 4 NW. 1 S. 10 S. 9 E. 12 ENE. 20 ENE. 18 ENE. 8 WSW. 2 Calm. SW. 5 W. 3 N. 9 SW. 3 E. 4 NE. 10 Calm. WNW. 19 SSW. 2 E. 10 ENE. 17 WNW. 10 W. 11 WSW. 4 NW. 1 NE. 5 NNE. 11 NNW. 9 NNW. 2 N. 3 W. 6 Calm. S. 10 s. 10 E. 12 ENE. 24 ENE. '21 ENE. 8 W. 3 Calm. SW. 6 W. 1 N. 11 SW. 3 E. 6 NE. 10 ENE. 16 WNW. 17 S. 3 ESE. 20 ENE. 18 WNW. 8 W. 11 WSW. 3 N. 7 E. 5 ENE. 10 NNW. 9 WNW. 3 N. 4 W. 6 ENE. 1 S. 12 S. 11 E. 14 ENE. 25 ENE. 21 ENE. 9 WNW. 4 Calm. SW. 6 WNW. 3 N. 11 SW. 2 ENE. 8 NE. 11 E. 14 W. 20 ESE. . 4 ESE. 26 ENE. 17 WNW. 7 W. 13 W. 3 NNE. 7 ENE. 5 NE. 12 NNW. 9 WNW. 5 N. 4 W. 7 ESE. 1 S. 12 S. 11 E. 15 ENE. 27 ENE. 20 WNW. 7 Calm. SW. 7 NNE. 8 N. 9 SW. 2 ENE. 10 NE. 9 ENE. 15 WNW. 18 ESE. . 8 ESE. 28 ENE. 16 W. 5 W. 15 W. 3 NNE. 7 NE. 4 NE. 10 NNW. 7 N. 5 N. 4 W. 7 ESE. 2 S. 11 s. io E. 16 ENE. 27 ENE. 20 WNW. 6 Calm. SW. 7 N. 9 N. 10 SSW. 7 ENE. 11 NE. 10 E. 13 WNW. 17 ESE. 10 ESE. 31 ENE. 13 W. 8 W. 16 W. 1 NNE. 7 NE. 6 E. 12 NNW. 8 N. 5 N. 6 W. 9 Calm. S. 11 SSE. 12 E. 13 ENE. 29 ENE. 20 E. 5 NW. 7 WSW. 2 SW. 7 N. 10 N. 11 SSW. 6 ENE. 13 NE. 11 E. 13 WNW. 20 ESE. 11 ESE. 28 ENE. 11 W. 6 W. 13 W. 2 NNE. 8 E. 5 ENE. 12 NW. 8 N. 5 N. 5 W. 8 ESE. 2 S. 11 SSE. 11 E. 14 ENE. 30 ENE. 19 E. 4 NW. 6 WNW. 2 WSW. 6 N. 8 N. 10 SSW. 6 ENE. 13 NE. 8 E. 13 W. 17 ESE. 10 ESE. 25 ENE. 8 WNW. 7 W. 13 W. 1 NNE. 7 NE. 6 ENE. 9 NW. 9 N. 8 N. 5 W. 8 ESE. 1 S. 11 SSE. 13 E. 14 ENE. 33 ENE. 20 E. 5 NW. 6 WNW. 1 WSW. 5 N. 10. N. 11 SSW. 6 NE. 16 NE. 10 ESE. 9 WNW. 16 ESE. 10 E. 23 ENE. 8 WNW. 7 W. 13 W. 3 NNE. 6 NNE. 4 ENE. 11 NW. 7 N. 8 N. 4 W. 8 ESE. 2 SSW. 12 SSE. 12 E. 13 ENE. 30 ENE. 18 E. 5 NW. 6 WNW. 2 WSW. 6 N. 12 N. 10 SSW. 8 NE. 15 NE. 11 E. 9 W. 16 ESE. 12 ESE. 24 NE. 4 NW. 6 W. 14 W. 3 NNE. 4 NE. 6 E. 10 NW. 7 N. 5 N. 5 W. 9 SSE. 2 SSW. 12 SSE. 10 ENE. 12 ENE. 31 ENE. 16 E. 3 NW. 4 WNW. 4 WSW. G N. 7 N. 8 SSW. 5 NE. 15 NE. 9 E. 3 WNW. 16 ESE. 11 ESE. 21 NE. 2 WNW. 8 W. 11 WSW. 6 NE. v 2 N. 6 ENE. 13 NW. 3 N. 5 N. 6 W. 6 SSE. 1 SSW. 11 SSE. 9 ENE. 13 ENE. 28 ENE. 15 E. 1 NW. 6 WNW. 3 W. 4 NNE. 8 N. 7 SSW. 5 NE. 14 NE. 8 ENE. 7 W. 14 ESE. 12 ESE. 18 NE. 1 NW. 9 W. 13 WSW. 4 NE. 1 NNE. 8 NE. 16 12. 45 3.50 a. ST 4.79 3.04 7. 95 S.91 12. 33 20.12 20.08 9.54 4.08 1.75 5.16 4.20 9.45 4.29 7.41 11. 75 8.79 l:l. 37 8.04 17. S3 12. 62 5.95 9.95 4. 95 4.16 5.33 9. 00 Means 7.13 7.66 8.76 9.60 9.96 8.96 10.46 9.73 10.06 9.90 8.96 8.53 S.48 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 281 Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of gronnd, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — o 1 ' 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour.] a. m. Direction and velocity. 2 a. m. 3 a. m 4 a. m 1 5 a. m. 6 a. ra 7 a. m. S a. m. 9 a.m. fO a, n: m 1 ! a.m. 12 m. Date. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direcfck and velocit Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. 1883. May 1 May 2 May 3 May 4 May 5 NB. ENE. ENE. ESE. E. 17 16 23 13 17 ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. ESE. 11 15 19 14 20 NE. ENE. ENE. E. ESE. 11 16 20 14 21 NE. ' ENE. ENE. ESE. ESE. 13 16 19 13 22 NE. ENE. ENE. E. E. 11 16 14 14 22 ME. ENE. NE. E. ESE. 9 15 11 14 16 ME. ENE. NE. E. ESE. 9 16 14 12 17 NE. ENE. NE. E. ESE. 9 16 13 15 15 NE. ENE. NE. E. ESE. 12 16 13 16 16 NE. ENE. NE. E. ESE. 13 16 12 15 20 NE. ENE., NE. E. ESE. 11 17 10 18 15 NE. ENE. ENE. E. SE. 11 17 10 20 17 May 6 May 7 May 8 May 9 May 10 ssw. ME. SSE. NE. sw. 6 27 4 11 5 SSW. NME. SSE. NE. SW. 111 25 8 13 7 SSW. NNE. S. NE. SW. 9 25 10 14 4 SSW. NNE. SW. NE. SSE. 12 25 11 16 2 SSW. NNE. SW. NE. SE. 5 24 14 16 1 SW. NNE. SW. NNE. ENE. 7 23 14 i6 5 WSW. NNE. SW. NNE. NE. 8 25 14 19 5 WNW. NNE. SW. NNE. NE. 11 22 14 20 7 WNW. NNE. SW. NNE. NE. 9 20 12 19 7 NW. NNE. SSW. NE. E. 13 22 16 20 6 N. NNE. SW. NE. ENE. 13 22 11 21 4 NNW. NNE. SSW. NNE. NNE. 17 20 10 16 5 May 11 Ma'v 12 May 13 Mav 14 May 15 ssw. MB. ME. ENE. ENE. 8 17 16 21 3 w. NE. NE. ENE. NNW. 11 14 16 19 6 "vTSW. NE. NE. NE. NNW 11 16 16 20 7 wsw. NE. NE. NE. N. 8 12 15 21 8 W. NNE. NE. NE: NNE. 8 10 18 21 7 WNW. N. NE. NE. N. 4 10 18 19 7 W. NNE. NE. NNE. M. 6 12 18 16 10 NNW. N. NE. NNE. N. 3 14 18 16 10 NNW. NNE, NE. NNE. N. 2 10 21 13 12 NNW. NE. NE. NNE. N. 7 7 21 14 10 ENE. NE. NE. NNE. N. 6 5 24 11 15 NNE. NE. NE. NE. NNW. 7 9 19 8 16 May 16 MaV 17 MaV 18 May 19 May 20 M. SSW. SW. SSW. ssw. 20 11 17 12 16 NNW. SSW. SW. ssw. ssw. 15 12 16 8 15 NNW. SSW. SW. ssw. s. 15 13 16 9 12 NNW. SSW. SW. ssw. ssw. 13 13 13 10 11 NW. SSW. SW. ssw. ssw. 9 12 17 12 10 NW. SW. SW. ssw. ssw. 9 15 16 11 6 NW. SW. SW. SW. s. 7 15 15 8 4 NW. * SW. SW. SW. SSW. 8 13 16 8 5 NW. SW. SW. SW. SSW. 9 13 14 9 4 NW. SW. SW. SW. ssw. 7 16 13 4 3 NW. SW. SW. . SSW. SSW. 8 16 12 6 2 NW. SW. SW. ssw. ssw. 4 19 14 7 2 May 21 MaV 22 MaV 23 May 24 May 25 sw. E. SE. SSE. SW. 1 11 14 10 10 SW. E. SE. SSE. SW. 2 10 16 9 8 sw. ESE. SE. SSE. SW. 5 10 19 8 6 SW. ESE. SE. SSE. SW. 3 11 16 12 7 NW. ESE. SE. SSE. SW. 1 11 16 10 7 Calm. ESE. SE. SSE. WSW. 10 16 6 4 ESE. ESE. SE. SSE. WSW. 4 10 14 9 5 E. ESE. SE. SSE. WSW. 3 11 19 8 2 NE. ESE. SSE. SSW. Calm. 4 12 14 8 E. ESE. SSE. SSW. Calm. 5 12 16 7 E. ESE. SSE. SW. Calm. ,5 11 17 7 E. ESE. SSE. SW. SSE. 4 12 16 I 7 4 Mav 26 MaV 27 MaV 28 May 29 May 30 ME. ENE. ESE. NME. E. 6 6 8 13 IS ENE. ENE. «ESE. NME. E. 5 1! 9 12 16 ENE. ENE. ESE. NNE. ENE. 6 12 6 12 16 ENE. ■ENE. ESE. NNE. ENE. 4 10 8 13 20 MME. ENE. ESE. NNE. ENE. 4 10 6 13 19 ME. ENE. ESE. NNE. ENE. 2 8 6 14 21 ENE. ENE. ESE. NNE. E. 3 6 8 16 21 ME. ENE. ESE. NNE. E. 3 6 4 16 22 NNE. ENE. ESE. NE. E. 3 6 4 19 20 MNE. E. Calm. NE. E. 4 7 22 19 NE. SE. Calm. NE. E. 6 10 20 19 NE. ESE. Calm. NE. E. 5 10 22 21 May 31 Means . E. 18 ENE. 19 ENE. 20 ENE. 16 ENE. 16 E. 19 E. 18 E. 14 E. 16 E. 14 ENE. 13 ENE. 13 12.74 12.61 12.87 12.67 12.06 11.32 11.74 11.64 11.38 11.64 11.48 11.67 1 p. m 2 p. m 3p.m 4 p. m 5 p. m Op. m 7 p. m 8 p. m 9 p.m. 10 p. m. 11 p.m. 12 p. m. Daily mean ve- locity. Date. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. 1883. May 1 May 2 May 3 May 4 May 5 NE. ENE. ENE. ESE. SE. 12 18 11 19 11 NE. ENE. ENE. ESE. SE. 12 20 14 19 9 ME. ENE. E. E. S. 16 21 16 17 6 ENE. ENE. ENE. ESE. SW. 16 24 16 20 11 ENE. ENE. E. E. SW. 17 24 14 20 15 ENE. ENE. E. ESE. WSW. 16 27 15 20 13 ENE. ENE. E. ESE. SW. 17 26 16 18 11 ENE. ENE. E. ESE. SSW. 19 25 16 20 10 ENE. ENE. ESE. ESE. SSW. 17 28 17 17 12 ENE. ENE. ESE. B ssw. 18 24 16 17 13 ENE. ENE. ESE. E. SW. 16 24 16 15 13 ENE. ENE. ESE. E. SW. 16 24 17 16 12 13.76 19.87 15.08 16.50 14.75 May 6 MaV 7 MaV 8 MaV 9 May 10 N. NNE. sw. NE. NE. 16 24 7 19 4 N. NNE. SW. NNE. NNE. 17 20 7 24 4 N. NNE. SW. NNE. W. 18 17 5 19 7 NNE. NE. ■ SW. NNE. WNW. 18 14 3 12 10 N. E. SE. NNE. WNW. 20 14 1 12 8 N. E. SE. SE. W. 22 12 6 3 9 NNE. ESE. ESE. Calm. WSW. 24 10 7 8 NNE. ESE. ESE. W. w. 24 7 7 5 8 NNE. SE. ESE. W. WSW. 23* 7 9 6 7 NNE. SSE. ENE. WNW SW. 24 6 7 8 NNE. SSE. ENE. SW. SSW. 24 5 6 7 8 NNE. SSE. NE. SW. SSW. 24 4 9 5 7 15.58 17.08 8.83 13.33 6.08' May 11 MaV 12 May 13 May 14 May 15 NE. NE. NE. NE. NNW. 8 8 25 3 16 N. NE. MB. SE. N. 12 8 23 3 18 NNE. NNE. NE. SW. NNW. 16 7 24 3 18 NNE. NNE. ENE. SW. NNW. 16 10 25 4 21 NNE. NE. ENE. S. N. 16 11 25 3 23 ME. NE. ENE. SSW. N. 15 15 24 5 23 NNE. ENE. ENE. WNW. N. 10 16 23 4 24 NNE. ENE. ■ WNW. N. 14 16 24 3 19 NNE. NE. ENE. SE. NNW. 16 14 24 1 19 NNE. ENE. ENE. ESE. N. 17 16 24 1 17 NNE. NE. ENE. NW. NNW. 15 10 22 1 15 NNE. NE. ENE. ESE. N. 16 15 20 1 18 10.50 12.00 20.96 9. 62 14. 25 May 1'6 May 17 Mav 18 MaV 19 May 20 WNW. SW. SW. ssw. ssw. 5 20 14 8 3 WNW. SSW. SW. SSW. S. 5 20 12 7 7 WNW. SW. SW. SSW. SW. 5 21 12 8 10 W. SW. SW. SW. SW. 5 17 12 9 6 WSW. SW. SW. s. SW. 6 20 11 8 6 WSW. SW. WSW. s. SW. 8 24 8 11 4 WSW. ssw. SW. s. SW. 9 20 11 12 7 SW. SSW. SW. S. SW. 9 19 9 11 4 SW. SW. SW. s. SW. 10 17 8 11 5 SW. SW. SW. SW. 10 19 9 12 2 SSW. SW. SW. s. sw. 9 17 12 12 2 SSW. SW. ssw. s. Calm. 11 15 11 12 9.41 16. 54 12. 83 9.41 6.08 May 21 May 22 May 23 May 24 MaV 25 E. SE. SSE. SW. SSE. 3 12 19 13 4 E. ESE. SSE. sw. SSE. 4 12 19 14 3 E. SE. SSE. SW. SSE. 4 12 20 14 4 E. E. SSE. WSW. SSE. 4 15 20 12 2 E. ESE. SSE. WSW. SSE. 5 15 18 11 2 E. ESE. SSE. WSW. Calm. 6 15 17 12 E. ESE. SSE. WSW. Calm. 6 15 15 12 E. ESE. SSE. WSW. NNE. 6 15 14 8 6 E. SE. S. WSW. NNE. 7 15 15 10 6 E. SE. SSE. SW. NNE. 8 16 16 10 5 ESE. ESE. SSE. SW. NE. 10 18 14 13 5 E. SE. SSE. SW. NE. 10 JG 12 10 4 4.58 12.79 16. 33 10.1)0 3.91 May 26 MaV 27 Ma'y 28 MaV 29 May 30 NNE. SE. Calm. NE. E. 6 7 24 26 NNE. ESE. Calm. NE. E. 5 7 22 30 NNE. ESE. NNW. NE. E. 7 8 3 25 24 NE. ESE. NNE. NE. E. 7 10 4 25 28 NNE. ESE. N. NE. E. 6 10 4 27 25 NNE. ESE. NNE. NE. E. 2 10 6 26 24 NE. E. ENE. NE. ENE. 5 10 7 28 24 NE. SE. ENE. ENE. E. 8 10 6 25 22 NE. SE. NNE. ENE. E. 5 7 9 26 22 NE. ESE. NNE. ENE. E. 10 7 9 21 20 ENE. ESE. NNE. E. E. 5 7 It 23 22 ENE. SE. NNE. E. E. 6 8 12 20 20 5.12 8.46 5.41 20.17 21.16 May 31 E. 11 E. 9 ENE. 9 NE. 11 NE. 11 ENE. 9 NNE. 11 NE. 12 NE. 10 ENE. 8 N. K NNE. 13. OS Means . 12.12 12.45 12. 77 13.12 13.16 12.80 13.09 12.93 12.90 12. 80 12.61 12.4 5 12.37 282 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 b 17™. Velocity given in miles per hour.] l.a. m. 2 a, m. 3 a.m. 4 a.m. 5 a.m. 6 a. m. 7 a. m. S a.m. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 m. Date. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. , Direction and 'velocity. Direction i Direction and and velocity. velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. 1883. June 1 June 2 June 3 June 4 Juno 5 June 6 June 7 June 8 ■ June 9 June 10 June 11 June 12 June 13 June 14 June 15 Juno 16 June 17 June 18 June 19 June 20 June 21 June 22 June 23 June 24 June 25 June 26 June 27 June 28 June 29 June 30 NNE. 12 WNW. 13 NNW. 7 NW. 7 SSW. 4 WSW. 9 SW. 8 ENE. 12 E. • 17 ESE. 13 ESE. 6 NE. 15 ENE. 14 NE. 21 ESE. 13 NNE. 9 NNE. 8 N. 5 E. 15 ENE. 12 NE. 17 NNE. 12 ENE. 15 ENE. 24 ENE. 32 ENE. 23 ESE. 10 ESE. 17 ENE. 7 ESE. 16 NNE. 11 NW. 14 NNE. 5 WNW. 6 S. 3 WSW. 8 WSW. 5 ESE. 13 ENE. 17 ESE. 11 E. 8 NNE. 14 ENE. 14 ENE. 20 ENE. 13 NE. 9 NNE. 6 N. 4 NNE. 10 ENE. 12 NE. 17 NNE. 14 NE. 12 ENE. 28 ENE. 30 ENE. 23 ESE. 10 E. 19 NNE. 7 SE. 1 NNE. 8 NW. 9 NNE. 4 WNW. 7 SSW. 6 WSW. 6 WSW. 4 ENE. 12 E. ' 19 ESE. 10 ENE. 8 NNE. 13 ENE. 13 ENE. 22 ENE. 14 NNE. 10 NNE. 5 NNE. 9 E. 14 ENE. 12 NE. 17 NNE. 12 NE. 15 ENE. 28 ENE. 28 ENE. 23 ESE. 10 E. 16 NE. 7 SSE. 12 NNE. 8 NW. 12 NNE. 4 WNW. 7 S. 5 SW. 3 WSW. 4 ENE. 14 E. 17 ESE. 11 "P 8 NNE. 12 ENE. 11 ENE. 20 E. 14 NE 8 NNE. 4 NNE. 9 E. 14 ENE. 13 NE. 16 NE. 14 NE. 11 ENE. 31 ENE. ?8 ENE. 22 ESE. 9 ESE. 14 NE. 9 WSW. 14 N. 6 NW. 14 NNW. 7 NW. 7 S. 6 SSW. 6 WSW. 2 NE. 14 ENE. 17 ESE. 11 ESE. 6 NNE. 12 ENE. 12 ENE. 20 *ENE. 11 NE. 8 NNE. 4 NNE. 8 ENE. 15 ENE. 14 NE. 17 NNE. 13 NE. 14 ENE. 29 ENE. 29 ENE. 20 ESE. 8 ESE. 15 ENE. 10 W. 1 N. 9 NNW. 16 NNW. 6 NNW. 8 SSE. 5 S. 4 WSW. 1 ENE. 13 E. 15 ESE. 11 ESE. U NNE. 14 E. 11 ENE. 16 ENE. 10 NE. 6 NNE. 5 NNE. 8 ENE. 14 ENE. 11 NE. 16 NE. 12 NE. 14 ENE. 29 ENE. 30 ENE. 17 ESE. 6 ESE. 11 E. 10 WSW. 6 N. 7 NW. 9 N. 8 WNW. 6 SSE. 8 S. 10 Calm. ENE. 12 E. 18 SE. 13 ENE. 3 NNE. 16 ESE. 9 ENE. 13 ENE. 8 NNE. 6 NNE. 6 NNE. 8 ENE. 16 NE. 12 ENE. 16 NE. 11 NE. 16 ENE. 32 ENE. 27 ENE. 19 SE. 3 ESE. 12 ESE. 10 SW. 1 N. 7 NNW. 10 NNW. 9 NW. 7 SE. 8 SSW. 9 NNE. 6 ENE. 12 E. 16 SE. 12 E. 4 NNE. 14 ESE. 6 ENE. 13 NE. 7 NNE. 6 NNE. 3 NE. 10 ENE. 13 ENE. 11 ENE. 14 NE. 13 ENE. 17 ENE. 30 ENE. 26 ENE. 18 SE. 3 ESE. 7 ESE. 8 SSW. 6 N. 9 NW. 10 NNW. 7 W. 7 SE. 11 S. 14 NE. 6 E. 12 E. 15 SE. 10 ENE. 6 N. 12 ESE. 7 E. 12 NE. 7 NNE. 8 NNE. 5 NE. 10 E. 13 ENE. 13 NE. 14 NE. 13 ENE. 18 ENE. 33 ENE. 23 ENE. 19 SSE. 5 ESE. 8 SE. 8 SSW. 6 N. 8 NW. 8 N. 6 WSW. 6 SSE. 8 S. 13 NE. 8 ENE. 15 E. 17 SE. 10 NNE. 6 N. 12 ESE. 7 E. 13 NE. 8 NNE. 6 NNE. 4 NNE. 10 ENE. 12 ENE. 13 ENE. 12 NE. 14 ENE. 16 ENE. 31 ENE. 23 E. 20 ESE. 4 ESE. 11 SW. 12 SW. 15 NNW. 8 NW. 7 N. 9 NW. 5 SE. 8 S. 12 ENE. 7 ENE. 15 E. 15 SE. 8 NE. 6 NNE. 10 SE. 9 E. 14 ENE. 11 NE. 6 NNE. 5 NNE. 10 ENE. 13 ENE. 11 NE. 14 NE. 11 NE. 14 ENE. 28 ENE. 27 E. 19 ESE. 8 ESE. 9 SW. 5 SW. 16 NNW. 8 NNW. 8 NNW. 8 WNW. 5 SE. 8 S. 12 E. 6 ENE. 15 E. 16 SE. 8 NNE. 8 NNE. 12 SSE. 10 ENE. 12 ENE. 11 NE. 7 N. 5 NNE. 11 NE. 12 NE. 10 NE. 13 ENE. 11 NE. 14 ENE. 30 ENE. 25 E. 21 E. 11 SE. 8 WSW. 4 SW. 11 Means . 12.73 12.33 12.43 12.20 11. 86 11. 33 11.16 10.83 11.36 11.60 11.33 11.33 1 p. m. 2 p. m. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. 7 p. m. 8 p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p.m. Daily mean ve- locity. Date. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. 1883. June 1 June 2 June 3 JTune 4 June 5 June 6 June 7 June 8 t June 9 June 10 June 11 Juue 12 June 13 June 14 June 15 June 16 Juue 17 June 18 June 19 June 20 June 21 June 22 June 23 June 24 June 25 June 26 June 27 June 28 June 29 June 30 NNW. 6 NNW. 8 NW. 4 .WSW. 1 SE. 10 S. 13 ENE. 6 E. 14 ENE. ■ 16 SE. 6 NNE. 6 N. 11 SSE. 13 E. 14 E. 11 NNE. 8 N. 5 NNE. 11 ENE. 11 ENE. 11 NNE. 13 ENE. 11 NE. 13 ENE, 36 E. 26 ESE. 22 E. 15 S. 12 SW. 7 WSW. 11 WNW. 6 ■ NNW. 2 NW. 5 W. 5 SE. 9 S. 16 E. 7 E. 15 E. 14 ESE. 6 NNE. 7 NNE. 11 SSE. 9 E. 15 NE. 10 NNE. 7 N. 6 NNE. 11 NE. 11 NE. 10 NE. 12 ENE. 12 NE. 16 ENE. 35 ENE. 23 E. 20 ESE. 14 S. 12 WSW. 7 WSW. 13 W. 7 NW. 3 NNW. 9 WSW. 5 SE. 10 S. IS ENE. 7 E. 16 ENE. 16 ESE. 7 ENE. 7 NNE. 9 SE. 12 E. 16 ENE. 11 NE. 8 N. 7 ENE. 12 ENE. 11 NE. 13 NE. 12 ENE. 13 ENE. 16 ENE. 34 ENE. 21 E. 19 E. 15 SW. 12 WSW. 5 SW. 14 W. 9 WNW. 5 NNW. 6 W. 5 SE. 11 SSW. 14 NE. 8 E. 16 ENE. 17 E. 6 NE. 6 NNE. 8 SE. 10 E. 14 NE. 11 E. 7 N. 7 NE. 16 NE. 12 NE. 13 NE. 13 NE. 13 ENE. 19 ENE. 32 ENE. 27 E. 19 E. 15 SW. 6 WSW. 2 WSW. 13 W. 11 NW. 3 WNW. 7 WNW. 4 SSE. 10 SW. 8 ENE. 9 ENE. 14 ENE. 18 ENE. 6 NNE. 10 NNE. 7 ESE. 15 E. 12 ENE. 10 NNE. 7 N. 5 ENE. 14 ENE. 15 NE. 13 NNE. 15 NE. 13 E. 22 ENE. 31 ENE. 24 E. 17 E. 19 WSW. 6 S. 1 SW. 12 WSW. 12 NW. 2 NW. 8 WSW. 6 SSW. 8 SW. 9 E. 11 E. 15 E. 16 ENE. 8 NNE. 11 NNE. ' 8 E. 10 E. 12 NNE. 9 NNE. 8 NNW. 6 ENE. 16 ENE. 14 NE. 14 NNE. 15 NE. 14 E. 23 ENE. 30 E. 28 E. 16 ESE. 17 WSW. 6 SSE. 9 SW. 13 WSW. 12 Calm. NW. 11 WNW. 4 SSW. 8 SW. 7 ENE. 12 ENE. 15 E. 18 E. 8 NNE. 12 NNE. 11 E. 17 E. 13 NNE. 10 i NNE. 11 : NNW. 6 E. 17 ! ENE. 14 NE. 16 NNE. 12 NE. 13 ! E. 25 ENE. 32 ENE. 24 E. 17 E. 18 NW. 4 NW. 9 WSW. 14 WSW. 15 NNE. 5 NNW. 10 WSW. 4 SSW. 7 SW. 10 ENE. 12 ENE. 15 E. 16 ESE. 6 NNE. 13 ENE. 13 E. 20 ENE. 12 NE. 10 NNE. 12 NNW. 7 E. 16 ENE. 14 NE. 16 NNE. 13 NE. 13 E. 27 ENE. 30 E. 23 E. 12 ESE. 20 N. 6 NW. 4 WSW. 12 WSW. 14 N. 4 WNW. 9 WNW. 2 SSW. 6 WSW. 8 ENE. 12 E. 16 ESE. 17 E. 5 NNE. 12 NNE. 12 E. 20 ENE. 12 ENE. 11 NNE. 11 NNW. ENE. 16 E. 15 NNE. 14 NNE. 14 NE. 14 E. 26 ENE. 29 ENE. 24 ENE. 12 E. 19 NNW. 6 NW. 2 WSW. 12 W. 13 N. 3 NNW. 8 WSW. 2 SSW. 6 WSW. 7 ENE. 13 E. 17 ESE. 15 ENE. 4 NNE. 14 NE. 12 E. 19 E. 13 ENE. 11 NNE. 5 NNW. 6 ENE. 16 E. 16 NNE. 16 NNE. 13 NE. 16 E. 25 ENE. 31 ENE. 23 ENE. 13 E. 20 NNE. 8 NW. 1 WSW. 9 W. 15 N. 4 NW. 8 W. 3 SSW. 7 SW. 11 ENE. 14 E. 17 ESE. 16 ENE. 6 NE. 15 ENE. 14 E. 18 E. 14 ENE. 10 NNE. 8 NN W. 6 ENE. 16 E. 16 NNE. 14 NNE. 12 ENE. 15 E. 24 ENE. 31 ENE. 24 E. 14 E. 20 NNE. 8 ESE. 2 WSW. 4 WNW. 14 N. 3 WNW. 6 W. 3 S. 7 SW. 7 ENE. 12 E. 16 ESE. 14 E. 5 NE. 15 NE. 14 ENE. 19 E. 14 NE. 10 N. 8 NNW. 4 ENE. 16 ENE. 16 NE. 15 NNE. 12 ENE. 15 ENE. 24 ENE. 29 ENE. 21 ESE. 13 E. 18 NE. 8 ESE. 11 W. 7 9.79 7.16 7.12 5.08 7.45 9.66 7.50 14.79 16.33 8.37 11.91 8.45 12.95 14.87 10.46 7.87 5.58 11.62 13.83 12.87 14.12 13.00 18.16 30.54 25.66 18.25 12.37 10.04 6.54 9.95 Me ans . 11.70 11.53 12.10 12.00 11.93 12.33 13.00 13.10 12.66 12.50 12.88 12.80 12.04 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 283 Statement shotting the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie front October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour.] 1 a.m. 2 a. m. 3 a. n . 4 a.m. 5 a.m. 6 a.m. 7 a. in . 8 a. m. 9 a.m. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 m. Date. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velociiy. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. 1883. Julv 1 July 2 Julv 3 July 4 SW. ENE. ESE. E. 7 9 12 9 WSW. ENE. ESE. E. 6 9 12 8 WSW. ENE. ESE. E. 3 8 10 7 Calm. ENE. ESE. E. 7 11 1 Calm. ENE. ESE. SW. 7 9 5 Calm. ENE. ESE. SW. 7 9 6 WNW. NE. ESE. SW. 4 6 11 5 WNW. NE. E. SW. 3 7 10 5 NNW. ENE. ESE. SW. 2 7 12 5 Calm. E. ESE. SW. 9 7 4 NNW. ESE. ESE. SW. 2 12 8 6 NNW. E. ESE. SW. 1 7 5 5 Julv 5 July 6 July 7 July 8 July 9 wsw. ENE. ENE. SE. W. 9 13 "8 9 4 WSW. ENE. E. ESE. W. 7 13 10 12 3 WSW. ENE. ESE. S. Calm. 8 13 10 12 WSW. ENE. ENE. S. SSE. 9 13 9 17 1 WSW. E. E. S. SE. 8 15 7 14 1 WSW. ENE. E. S. SE. 7 15 8 20 3 WSW. ENE. ENE. SW. SE. 7 14 6 23 5 WSW. ENE. ESE. WSW. NE. 7 16 10 19 2 WSW. ENE. ESE. SW. ENE. 6 18 10 21 6 -wsw. ENE. ESE. WSW. ENE. 5 18 11 22 "8 WSW. E. ESE. WSW. E. 5 19 14 21 9 WSW. E. SE. WSW. E. 5 13 14 21 11 July 10 July 11 July 12 July 13 July 14 NNE. NNE. NNE. ENE. WSW. 20 18 22 8 8 NNE. NNE. NNE. ENE. WSW. 20 20 15 7 2 NNE. NNE. NNE. NE. WSW. 20 19 14 5 5 NNE. NNE. NNE. ENE. WSW. 20 20 14 5 3 NNE. NNE. NE. NE. WNW. 19 18 12 4 3 NNE. NNE. NE. ENE. WSW. 20 16 12 5 3 NNE. NNE. NNE. ENE. WSW. 22 19 11 5 3 NNE. NNE. NNE. E SW. 23 19 11 4 4 NNE. NE. NE. E. W. 23 23 11 3 4 NNE. NE. NE. E. WNW. 24 21 10 5 5 NNE. NE. NE. NE. W. 22 20 9 5 4 NNE. NE. NNE. NE. WSW. 22 20 8 5 July 15 July 16 Jul'v 17 i July 18 July 19 HW. N. NNE. ESE. NE. 2 8 4 14 4 ESE. N. NNE. ESE. NNE. 2 8 5 12 6 NNE. NNE. NNE. E. NE. 2 9 6 11 5 NNE. NNE. NE. ESE. ENE. 5 9 6 13 4 NNE. NNE. ENE. ESE. NNE. 3 9 3 11 8 NNE. NNE. ENE. ESE. NE. 4 8 2 8 6 NNE. NNE. ENE. ESE. ENE. 3 8 3 8 6 N NE. NE. ENE. SE. ESE. 4 12 3 8 9 NNE. NE. ENE. SE. ESE. 6 12 4 7 5 N. NE. ENE. SE. NE. 6 9 5 9 4 NNE. NNE. ESE. SE. NE. 3 8 5 6 10 N. ENE. SE. SE. ENE. 8 5 6 9 July 20 July 21 July 22 July 23 July 24 NE. ENE. ENE. NNE. NE. 20 13 12 15 13 ENE. NE. NE. NNE. ENE. 19 12 13 16 13 ENE. NE. NE. NE. ENE. 11 11 12 12 12 E. NE. NE. ENE. ENE. 16 13 13 14 12 ENE. NE. NNE. NE. ENE. 17 11 8 15 11 ENE. ENE. NE. NE. ENE. 16 11 13 14 12 E. NE. NNE. NE. ENE. 16 10 13 11 12 E. ENE. NE. NNE. ENE. 16 10 13 9 11 E. NE. NNE. NE. ENE. 16 8 10 9 10 E. NNE. NNE. NE. NE. 14 10 13 10 10 NNE. NNE. NNE. ENE. 12 11 12 9 9 E. NE. . NNE. ' NNE. ENE. 14 1C 13 8 10 July 25 July 26 July 27 July 28 July 29 ENE. ENE. E. E. ENE. 10 12 16 21 26 E. E. E. E. ENE. 10 14 15 20 23 ENE. E. E. E. ENE. 9 12 12 20 22 NE. E. E. E. NE. 8 12 10 22 21 NE. E. E. E. ENE. 6 9 10 18 20 NE. P ENE. E. ENE. 8 10 10 15 22 NE. E. ENE. E. ENE. 7 10 12 17 22 NE. E. E. E. ENE. 8 11 12 16 22 NE. E. ENE. E. ENE. 8 11 12 16 22 ENE. ESE. ENE. E. ENE. 7 11 15 17 22 NE. ESE. ENE. ■CI ENE. 7 10 16 19 24 NNE. SE. E. ENE. NE. 8 9 17 22 25 July 30 July 31 NE. ENE. 20 20 ENE. ENE. 20 20 ENE. ENE. 22 21 ENE. ENE. 19 19 NE. ENE. 19 18 ENE. ENE. 17 19 NE. ENE. 19 21 NE. ENE. 16 20 NE. ENE. 19 20 NE. ENE. 18 19 ENE. ENE. 18 20 NE. ENE. 17 2C Means - 12.29 12.00 11.06 11.16 10.25 10.51 10.93 10.96 10.51 11.22 11.45 11.19 1 p. m. 2 p.m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p.m. 7 p.m. S p.m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p. XL. Daily Date. Direction and velocity. 'Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. Direction and velocity. mean ve- locity. 1883. July 1 July 2 July 3 July 4 NNW. ESE. ESE. SW. 1 13 5 4 NNW. ESE. SSW. WSW. 1 11 1 6 NNW. ESE. SW. WSW. 3 12 5 5 N. ESE. WSW. WSW. 6 16 4 5 NNE. ESE. WSW. WSW. 8 9 6 7 NNE. ESE. WSW. WSW. 8 5 6 8. NNE. NW. N. WSW. 11 6 3 9 ENE. ESE. N. WSW. 11 2 3 9 ENE. ESE. N. WSW. 9 7 7 9 ENE. ESE. NNE. WSW. 9 9 8 9 E. ESE. ENE. WSW. 11 10 9 9 ENE. ESE. ENE. WSW. 10 8 10 10 4.8? 8.45 7.62 6.50 July 5 July 6 July 7 July 8 July 9 WSW. E. ESE. WSW. E. 3 20 16 24 13 WSW. E. SSE. w. E. 4 18 13 26 12 WSW. ESE. SSE. w. ENE. 3 18 11 24 11 w. E. S. w. ENE. 5 15 12 22 13 N. TP SSW. w. ENE. 5 11 16 18 14 N. E. S. WSW. NNE. 5 11 16 17 15 NNE. E. S. WSW. ENE. 6 8 17 15 17 NNE. E. S. W. NE. 9 8 13 15 16 NE. NE. SSE. W. NNE. 11 8 15 15 18 ENE. NE. SSE. WSW. NNE. 14 7 13 13 18 E. ENE. SSE. W. NE. 14 8 11 10 16 E. E. ESE. W. NNE. 14 9 10 8 18 7.33 13.37 11.66 17.41 9.75 July 10 July 11 July 12 July 13 July 14 NNE. NE. NNE. NE. WSW. 24 16 8 3 6 NE. NNE. NNE. NE. WSW. 24 17 8 5 5 NE. NNE. NNE. NNE. WSW. 27 16 8 5 4 NE. NNE. NNE. WNW. W. 27 16 7 4 4 NE. NNE. N. W. WNW. 24 17 8 3 6 NE. NNE. NNE. WNW. WNW. 28 16 7 6 5 NE. NNE. N. W. WNW. 27 18 8 6 3 NE. NNE. NNE. W. NW. 24 16 8 6 2 NE. NNE. N. WSW. w. 23 16 7 6 3 NNE. NNE. N. W. N. 21 16 8 7 5 NNE. NNE. NNE. WSW. N. 17 16 8 6 4 NNE. NNE. NNE. WSW. NNE. 20 16 8 4 8 22.54 17.87 10.08 5.08 4.12 July 15 July 16 July 17 July 18 July 19 N. ENE. SE. SE. NE. 5 8 4 4 12 N. ENE. ESE. NNE. ENE. 8 9 8 5 12 N. E. ESE. NNE. ENE. .7 9 7 6 14 N. ENE. ESE. N. ENE. 8 10 9 9 16 N. ENE. ESE. NE. ENE. 8 9 11 8 16 N. E. E. NNE. NE. 8 8 12 6 13 N. ENE. "P NNE. ENE. 9 9 12 7 15 NNE. NNE. E. NNE. ENE. 7 7 12 6 16 NNE. NNE. E. NNE. ENE. 8 8 13 8 14 NNE. NNE. E. NNE. ENE. 8 6 14 6 18 NNE. N. ■p NNE. ENE. 9 7 15 5 19 N. NE. NNE. NE. 7 6 15 5 17 5.79 8.50 7.62 7.83 10.75 July 20 July 21 July 22 Julv 23 July 24 E. NE. NNE. N. ENE. 14 11 15 8 10 ENE. NE. NE. N. ENE. 14 10 19 8 6 E. NNE. NE. N. NNE. 16 12 17 9 7 ENE. NNE. ENE. N. NNE. 18 10 18 7 9 p NNE. ENE. N. NNE. 18 12 18 8 10 - NNE. NNE. N. NNE. 17 13 19 6 10 E. NE. NNE. N. NNE. 16 14 18 7 11 ESE. NE. NE. NNE. NNE. 16 13 18 10 12 E. NE. NNE. NNE. NNE. 16 12 18 12 12 ENE. ENE. NE. NE. NE. 15 13 18 13 14 ENE. NE. NE. NNE. ENE. 16 12 17 14 14 E. NE. NNE. NE. ENE. 13 11 16 14 13 15.66 11.37 14.83 10.75 10.95 July 25 July 26 July 27 Jul'v 28 July 29 NNE. ESE. ■p ENE. NE. 9 12 17 22 20 E. ESE. E. ENE. NE. 9 11 17 21 20 ENE. E. E. E. NE. 9 12 18 23 21 NNE. E. E. ENE. NE. 12 15 20 23 22 NNE. E. E. E. ENE. 11 14 20 21 22 NNE. ESE. ESE. E. ENE. 10 15 21 22 20 NNE. E. ENE. NE. 9 16 21 23 22 NNE. ESE. E. ENE. ENE. 12 16 23 22 20 NNE. E. ESE. ENE. NE. 10 17 24 24 22 ENE. E. E. ENE. ENE. 14 19 24 25 22 ENE. E. E. ENE. NE. 13 16 23 25 22 ENE. ESE. ENE. ENE. NE. 12 16 21 24 20 9.41 12.91 16.91 21.58 21.70 July 30 July 31 ENE. E. 19 22 ENE. E. 18 122 NE. ENE. 19 23 ENE. ENE. 20 26 ENE. ENE. 21 25 ENE. 22 25 ENE. ENE. 20 22 E. ENE. 23 22 ENE. ENE. 24 22 E. ENE. 24 22 pi ENE. 23 22 ENE. ENE. 23 20 20.00 21.25 ileans. 11.87 11.87 12.25 13.16 13.03 12.90 13.06 12.80 13.48 13.93 13.58 13.09 12.07 284 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOWS, ALASKA. Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Vglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. [Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour.] 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. ir . t a. m. 5 a. m. 6 a. m. 1 a. m. 8 a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 m. Date. Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction and and and and and and and and and and and aud velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity 1883. Aug. 1 ENE. 19 ENE. 18 ENE. 20 ENE. 19 ENE. 19 I ENE. 19 ENE. 19 ENE. 18 ENE. 18 ENE. 18 ENE. 20 EHE. 18 Aug. 2 E. 15 E. 14 E. 13 E. 12 E. 12 ESE. 12 ESE. 9 E. 9 E. 8 E. 9 E. 7 E. 8 Aug. 3 ESE. 14 E. 14 ESE. 13 ESE. 13 E. 10 ESE. 12 E. 12 ESE. 14 ESE. 13 ESE. 15 E. 15 ESE. 15 Aug. 4 E. 20 E. 23 ESE. no E. 20 ESE. 20 ESE. 19 ESE. 19 E. 19 E 19 E. 20 ESE. 19 E. 0-7 Aug. 5 NE. 19 HE. 20 NE. 20 ENE. 24 ENE. 22 ENE. 20 ENE. 21 ENE. 20 NE. " 18 NE. 18 NE. 18 HE. ■">() Aug. 6 NE. 23 HE. 24 NE. 24 NE. 23 NE. 24 NE. 24 ENE. 20 ENE. 20 ENE. 20 HE. 19 ENE. 20 NE. IS Aug. 7 ESE. 16 E. 15 ESE. 16 ESE. 15 ESE. 16 ESE. 15 ESE. 13 ESE. 15 ESE. 16 ESE. 17 SE. 17 SE. 17 Aug. 8 E. 11 ESE. 9 j SE. 10 SE. 7 SSE. 10 SSE. 8 SSE. 9 SSE. 8 SSE. 9 S. 8 S. 11 S. 7 Aug. 9 ESE. 9 ESE. 9 , ESE. S ESE. 10 ESE. 9 ESE. 8 ESE. 5 ESE. 10 ESE. 10 SE. 10 SE. 7 SE. 7 Aug. 10 i ESE. 13 ESE. 11 ! ESE. 9 E. 8 E. E. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 13 E. 13 ESE. 13 ESE. 12 SE. in Aug. 11 i SW. 18 SW. 12 SW. 11 SW. 12 SW. 10 SSW. 6 SW. 6 SW. 3 SW. 3 SW. 2 Calm. NW. 1 Aug. 12 ! ESE. 6 ESE. 10 SE. 15 SE. 11 SE. 8 ESE. 8 ESE. 10 ESE. 11 ESE. 10 ESE. 10 E. 4 ESE. 10 Aug. 13 1 NNE. 9 ENE. 11 E. 6 E. 9 E. 8 ESE. 11 ESE. 15 E. 11 E. 5 E. 7 E. 9 E. 10 Aug. 14 NNE. 8 ME, 7 , NE. 9 NE. 10 NE. 4 NE. •3 NE. 7 NNE. 6 NE. 8 ENE. 7 E. 9 E. 9 Aug. 15 1 S\V. 8 sw. 7 SW. SW. 3 SW. 5 S. 3 S. 4 SW. 4 SW. 1 SSE. 1 ENE. 8 E. 8 Aug. 16 I S. 6 ssw. 4 SSW. 2 SW. 6 SSW. 5 SSW. 9 SSW. 10 SW. 7 W. 5 W. 4 W. 3 N. Aug. 17 E. 13 ENE. 13 ENE. 12 E. 8 E. 6 E. 3 ESE. 1 SSW. 3 W. 22 w. 23 W. 25 w. . ?,2 Aug. 18 SSE. 12 ESE. 12 ESE. 12 E. 8 ESE. 9 ENE. 10 ESE. 12 NE. 11 NNE. 16 NNE 22 NNE. 22 HHE. 20 Aug. 19 N. 20 H. 17 N. in NNW. 19 NNW. 10 NNW. 14 N. 14 N. 14 N. 13 NNW. 10 NNW. 11 H. 121 Aug. 20 ESE. 7 E. 12 ESE. 14 E. 15 E. 16 E 18 E. 20 ESE. 21 ESE. 22 ESE. 23 E. 25 E. 87 Aug. 21 ENE. 30 ENE. 29 ENE. 29 ENE. 30 NE. 29 NE. 29 NE. 30 NE. 29 NE. 28 NE. 30 NE. 30 HE. ?M Aug. 22 NNE. 14 SSE. 12 N. 10 NNW. 4 NNW. 3 NW. 2 NW. 5 WNW. 7 WNW. 6 WNW. 7 W. 10 W. 10 Aug. 23 WSW. 20 sw. 21 SW. 25 SW. 25 ■ SW. 24 SW. 25 SW. 24 WSW. 24 WSW. 25 WSW. 25 w. 25 w. 28 Aug. 24 sw. 30 SW. 29 SW . 29 SW. 28 SW. 29 SW, 33 SW. 32 SW. 30 SW. 30 WSW. 30 WSW. 29 WNW. 30 Aug. 25 NE. 10 NE. 7 I NE. 3 ENE. 2 ESE. 3 ESE. 2 I SE. 4 SSE. 6 SSE. 9 s. 10 SSE. 12 SSE. 15 Aug. 26 SSE. 22 s. 20 1 SSW. 21 SSW. 24 SSW. 32 SW. 32 SW. 23 SW. 32 SW. 28 WSW. 34 w. 28 w. 311 Aug. 27* HE. 7 H. 4 , NNE. 8 NE. ' E. 5 E. 9 ESE. 10 ESE. 13 ESE. 13 ESE. 1G | ESE. 18 ESE. 19 Means . . 14.77 14.22 14.25 13.77 1 13.29 13.40 13.40 14.00 14.37 15.11 15.33 15.77 1 p.m. 2 p. m 3 p. m 4 p.m. 5 p. m 6 p. m . 7 p. m Sp.m 9 p.m. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily Date. Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction Direct; on Direction Direction Direction Direction Direction mean ve- locity. and and aDd and and and and and and and anc and velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. velocity. 1883. Aug. 1 ENE. 20 ENE. 20 EHE. 20 ENE. 20 E. 18 E. 16 E. 19 E. 17 E. 18 E. 17 ENE. 16 E. 15 18.37 Aug. 2 E. 10 E 8 E. 9 E. 10 E. 9 E. 10 E. 11 EHE. 10 E. 12 E. 12 ESE. 12 E. 13 10.58 Aug. 3 E. 15 E. 17 E. 18 E. 19 ESE. 18 E. 17 E. 19 E. 20 E. 22 E. 23 E. 23 E. 20 16.29 Aug. 4 E. 21 E. 21 E. 20 E. 20 E. 17 E. 18 E. 21 E. 19 E. 18 ENE. 18 ENE. 20 ENE. 19 19.75 Aug. 5 NE. 21 NNE. 22 HNE. 23 NE. 25 NE. 25 NE. 24 NE. 22 NE. 21 HE. 23 NE. 24 NE. 24 NE. 23 21.54 Aug. 6 ENE. 20 ENE. 20 ENE. 17 ENE. 18 E. 19 E. 19 ESE. 20 E. 17 E. 17 E. 17 \E. 18 ESE. 17 19.91 Aug. 7 SE. 22 SE. 22 SSE. 21 SE. 22 SSE. 21 SSE. 19 SSE. 15 SE. 9 E. 10 E. 12 E. 11 E. 11 15.95 Aug. 8 SSW. 6 SW. 5. WSW. 5 WSW. 3 WSW. 4 WSW. 2 WSW. 3 N. 3 N. 4 N. ■ 5- ENE. 5 E. 8 6.75 Aug. 9 SE. 13 SE. 11 SE. 14 ESE. 10 E. 10 ESE. 13 ESE. 12 ESE. 12 ESE. 12 ESE. 12 ESE. 10 ESE. 12 10.12 Aug. 10 ESE. 8 SW. 11 SSE. 11, SSE. 9 SW. 9 SW. 12 SW. 12 SSW. 20 SW. 24 SW. 20 SW. 19 SW. 16 12.25 Aug. 11 NNW. 4 ENE. 8 ESE. 7 ESE. 8 E. 12 E. 12 E. 12 HE. 13 ENE. 12 ENE. 9 E. 11 ESE. 11 8.45 Aug. 12 ESE. 9 ESE. 9 SE. 6 SE. fi E. 7 WSW. 8 AVSW. 4 NNE. 5 NNW. 5 N. 10 NHE. •9 NNE. 9 7.91 Aug. 13 HNE. .6 NNE. 9 HHE. 8 HNE. 8 NNE. 8 NNE. 8 NNE. 11 NNE. 10 NNE. 9 NNE. 10 HNE. 9 HHE. 8 8.95 Aug. 14 E. 9 ESE 8 E. 8 E. 8 E. R E. 7 E. 10 E. 10 ESE. 8 ESE. 8 SW. 4 SW. 5 7.50 Aug. 15 ESE. 11 SE. 10 ESE. 16 ESE. 16 ESE. 12 WSW. 8 Calm. WNW. 1 WNW. 5 NNW. 4 ENE. 4 ESE. 3 6.12 Aug. 16 H. 5 N. 7 NNE. 6 NNE. 7 N. 7 HNE. 12 NE. 11 E. 11 E. 10 E. 12- E. 14 E. 13 7.54 Aug. 17 W. 20 W. 12 SW. 1.3 SW. 8 SW. 11 SSW. 11 SW. 7 SSW. 3 SE. 11 S. 12 SE. 15 SE. 14 12. 00 Aug. 18 N. 19 N. 18 N. 18 H. 16 N. 17 N. 20 N. 20 NHW. 21 N. 22 N. 21 N. 19 H. 18 16.45 Aug. 19 NNW. 12 NNW. 9 NNW. 7 NW. 7 NW. 6 NW. 8 NW. 6 N. 7 NNW. 4 NW. 3 NE. 6 SE. 5 10.79 Aug. 20 E. 29 E. 30 E. 30 E. 31 E. 32 E. 29 E. 32 E. 32 ENE. 31 ENE. 28 ENE. 28 ENE. 30 24. 25 Aug. 21 NNE. 26 NE. .» NNE. 22 NE. 22 NE 22 NNE. 21 NNE. 19 NNE. 18 NNE. 16 NNE. 18 N. 16 NNE. 14 24. 45 Aug. 2:2 WNW. 12 WSW. 12 W. 14 WSW. 15 WSW. 19 WSW. 19 WSW. 17 WSW. 17 WSW. 20 WSW. 19 WSW. 20 WSW. 19 12. 02 Aug. 23 W. 25 WSW. 22 WSW. 21 WSW. 22 WSW. 24 WSW. 24 WSW. 24 WSW. 24 SW. 23 SW. 25 SW. 27 SW. 27 24. 12 Aug. 24 WNW. 20 NW. 21 NW. 28 NNE. 26 N. 28 H. 24 H. 24 N. 22 N. 19 N. 16 N. 13 NNE. 11 25.70 Aug. 25 SSE. 17 S. 19 SSE. 20 SSE. 18 SSE. 21 SSE. 24 SSE. 23 SSE. 26 SSE. 26 SSE. 22 SSE. 21 SSE. 21 14. 20 Aug. 26 W. 31 W. 26 w. 27 W. 25 WNW. 23 NW. 19 NW. 16 NNW. 16 NNW. 15 NNW. 13 NNW. 11 N. 11 23. 29 Aug. 27* SE. 20 ESE. 20 ESE. 20 SE. 24 SE. 26 SE. 24 SE. 22 SE. 20 SE. 20 SE. 15 SE. 15 tSE. 15 15. 41 Means . . 16.19 15.51 15.88 15.77 16.03 15. 85 15.25 14.96 15.40 15. DO 14.81 14.3 " 14.86 Station abandoned August 27, 1883. t Approximated. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 285 Table showing the number of calms and 1G different tcind directions, also mean monthly force of different winds after deducting number of calms. n NNE . . XE ... ENE .. E ESE.. SE SSE ... S SSW .. sw.... wsw. w WNW. Sff ... ow.. Calms. October, 1881. November, 1881. December, 1881. 20.22 18.13 21.56 5.00 11.91 10.62 13.02 4.00 4.66 7.00 27.50 24.00 12.76 17.57 |g 26 35 112 243 95 15 9 19 34 27 14 8 12 25 46 5 1L34 21.05 22. 95 18.45 18.24 17.66 15.55 8.89 12.67 7.41 22.41 18.66 18.66 20.00 14. C9 12.80 Jaiiuarv 1882." February, 1882. I March, 1882. i. 03 II il' 27 1 12. 00 16 8.31 98 11.25 118 11.33 4 4.50 14 7.71 38 12.26 20 8.00 53 8.66 93 5.83 17 7.00 11 8.63 66 7.72 74 7.59 1 14 9.71 i 20 7.10 56 27 37 94 106 110 28 13 20 22 10 11 26 112 69 1 58 V S 8.6-2 9.83 7.10 17.48 13.71 11.10 10.15 28.05 36.54 21.90 41.18 38.61 31.07 10.84 10.00 42 86 29 49 14 50 88 104 114 W a 15.38 13.93 14.27 12.25 7.85 9.02 12.97 13.08 12.52 32 | 17.06 ft 7.15 10.27 3.00 24 2 15 24 32 109 27 37 41 72 46 51 142 74 40 1 6 April, 1882. 5 a 1* May, 1882. a ° 8.37 14.50 16.86 19.79 26.18 20.22 10.62 11. 67 13.87 9.95 14.56 17.88 19.95 15.24 10.27 3.00 22 3 15 130 94 27 48 74 43 39 63 131 22 3.33 5.68 4.33 13. 40 10.27 11.59 14.66 9.94 13.63 9.69 6.89 9.69 13.90 13 34 130 158 67 39 43 37 21 19 50 34 52 11 1 29 12.46 10.38 16.55 18.89 14.51 19.77 9.98 9.19 9.19 7.84 10.30 11.32 7.73 8.36 18.00 14.66 June, 1882. B.S 65 July, 18ti. August, 1882. 3 3 1,3 12, 17 9.72 9.97 11.18 13.09 8.69 9.32 6.00 7.25 5.00 10.51 7.83 7.60 12. 14 10.00 10.15 34 42 18 55 104 71 50 25 16 11 105 79 50 22 29 19 14 7.97 9.05 13. 00 13.13 11.46 12.51 12. 12 13.44 8.12 11.91 14.89 10.38 6.86 6.32 5.76 6.53 14 51 117 75 117 69 33 40 37 28 21 27 10.21 13. 27 13.96 9.35 15.37 16.41 15.15 14.58 16.35 26.07 19. 52 19.11 27 121.93 24 Il6. 00 16.61 15. 54 September, 1882. 33 29 73 86 110 67 36 20 28 46 31 27 25 37 28 42 2 18.30 14.34 14.51 15. 23 15.81 10.24 9.75 13.20 12.39 14.65 16.77 12.04 14.04 12.70 10.57 16.31 October, 1882. November, 1882. December, 1882. January, 1883. February, 1883. ' Marcl , 1883. Apr! , 1883. May, 1883. June, 1883. . „ July 1883. August, 1883. *, «H %-< ^. o a o a 10 nim. .01 10 nim. •01 Nov. 2 Nov. 3 Nov. 4 Nov. 5 Nov. 6 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 9 st. 3 st. E.* E.* 00 .01 00 00 00 lOst. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 St. 10 st. E.* E.t 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 9 st. E.* 00 00 10 nim. 10 St. 10 nim. 10 St. 2 St. .01 00 .02 00 00 10 nim. 10 St. 10 nim. 2 cir. 3 st. 1 St. E.* NE.t NE.t .01 00 .05 00 00 10 nim. E.* 10 st, NE. t 10 nim. 2 cir. 5 st. NE. t 1st. .01 00 .03 i 00 00 | Nov. 7 Nov. 8 Nov. 9 Nov. 10 Nov. 11 4 st. 2 cir. 7 st. 10 st. 9 st. NE.1 00 00 00 00 00 2 st. 1 cir. 8 st. lOst. 10 St. Q 00 00 00 00 00 6 cir. 4 st. 8 st. Light haze. 10 st. NNE.* 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 4 cir. 3 st. NE. t 7 st. Light haze. 10 st. NNE. t 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 3 cir. 4 st. 5 st. NE. t 10 St. 10 St. NE.t Lt. haze. NNE.t NE.t ■00 00 00 00 00 2 cir. 7 st. ' NE. t 8 st. NE.* Lt, haze. 10 st. NNE. t 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Nov. 12 Nov. 13 Nov. 14 Nov. 15 Nov. 16 2 cir. 3 st. lOst. 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 4 st. lOst. 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 5 st. 10 st. 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 8 st. 10 st. 1st. ' 00 00 00 00 00 8 st. 10 st. 1 St. 00 00 00 00 00 10 St. ^ 10 st. NW. t 1 cir. 1 st. 00 00 00 00 ; 00 Nov. 17 Nov. 18 Nov. 19 Nov. 20 Nov. 21 Light haze. 4 st 10 st. 2 cir. st. 1 at. 10 nim. . 00 00 00 00 Light haze. 3 st. 10 st. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 .01 7 cir. 1 cir. 2 st. 9 st. 8 st. 8 st. sw.* w* 00 00 00 00 00 7 cir. 1 cir. 2 st. 8 st. 10 nim. WSW. 4 2 cir. st. 2 st. TV.* 00 00 00 00 5 cir. 2 st. 1 cir. 3 st. 8 st. 10 nim. 3 cir. st. 3 s' tvstv.* • w -* 00 00 00 'oo 7 cir. st. 2 St. 5 st. 2 cir. st. 7 st. E.t 10 st. TV.* 9 st. TV.* 00 00 00 'oo ! Nov. 22 Nov. 23 Nov. 24 Nov. 25 Nov. 26 8 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 St. lOst. 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. st. 10 St. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 2 cir. 1 cir. st. 10 St. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 1 St. 1st. 10 st. 10 st. o o o 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 1 St. 10 St. 10 st. 00 00 1 00 00 00 Nov. 27 Nov. 28 Nov. 29 Nov. 30 10 st. 3 st. 10 nim. 10 st. .01 00 'oo 10 st. 4 st. 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 .01 00 10 St. 9 st. 6 cir. st. 4 st 10 st. 00 00 00 00 lOst. 9 st. 6 cir. st. 4 st 10 st. 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 2 cir. st. 5 s1 10 st. lOst. TVSTV. t 01! 00 00 10 nim. 2 cir. st, 7 st. 10 st. TVSTV. t 10 st. .01 ! 00 00 00 Means. 5.93 6.23 6.97 6.67 6.37 7.00 1 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAER'JW, ALASKA. 289 character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August* 1883 — Continued. signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below, amount of precipitation on the right above. J 7 a. m. 8 a. m. 9 a.m. 10a.m. la. m 12 m. '3 p. • S a o a o a B O 3 Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. '3. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. '& Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 'P. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. % Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. p, a* C3 O 03 © o o u o 3 «1 10 nim. . _ 10 nim. . 10 nim. , 10 nim. . 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . .10 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 10 nim. .01 10 nim. .05 10 nim. .05 10 nim. E.* .03 10 nim. B.* .01 10 nim. E.* .01 .19 10 St. NE.t 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 in 10 St. "NT!.* 00 10 st. NE.* 00 7 st. E. t 00 9 st. E* 00 10 St. E.* 00 6 st. E.* 00 00 4 St. 00 2 st. 00 2 cir. 1 st. NE. t 00 00 4 st. 00 10 St. 1 00 00 - St. 00 Dense haze. 2 st. 00 10 st. NE.* 00 10 st. NE.t 00 5 st. NE.t 00 4 st. NE.t 00 10 st. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. .01 10 nim. . — 10 st. . — 10 st. 00 111 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 .03 i St. 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 4 st. 00 00 5 st. NE.t 00 3 St. 00 2 st. 00 1st. 00 2 st. 00 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 00 o • 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 1st. 00 00 00 2 cir. 00 . 10 .-st. . — 10 cim. . — 10 st. . — 10 nim. . — 10 St. .01 10 st. 00 .04 7 st. 00 uo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4 St. 00 4 st. 1 00 Light haze. 3 st. 00 Light haze. 2 st. 00 Light haze. 2 st. 00 Light haze. 4 st. 00 00 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 00 Light haze. 4 st 00 Light haze. 1 st. I 00 Light haze. 1 st. 00 Light haze. 1 st. 00 00 00 .02 10 st. 00 10 st. SW.* uo 9 st. 00 2 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 .05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 (i 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 Light haze. 00 Light haze. 2 st. 00 Light haze. 2 st. 00 Light haze. 00 00 00 00 00 00 9 st. • 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 8 st. 00 III) 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 00 Dense haze. 00 00 8 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. 10 nim. t .05 00 00 3 st. 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 00 10 nim. . — 10 st. . — 10 nim. . — 8 nim. .02 10 nim. . — 10 nim. .01 .04 4 cir. st. 3 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 9 st. 00 9 St. 00 00 5.57 5.20 5.67 5.23 5.53 5.67 .73 7 p. ni. 8 p. m. 9 p.m. 10 p. m. lip. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. 10 nim. .01 10 nim. . 10 nim. .01 10 st. < 10 nim. 10 nim. 10.00 10 nim. E.* 10 st. 10 nim. 1 cir. 7 st. NE.t 1 st. .01 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 st. 10 St. 9 st. 1st. E.t NE.t .01 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 St. lOst. 9 St. 2 St. E.t NE.t 'oo 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 St. 10 St. 9 St. 1 St. NE.t 'oo 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 st. 4 st. 2 st. 1st. E.t NE.t .02 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 st. E. i 4 st. NE. t 1st. 1st. .01 00 00 00 00 10.00 8.95 9.50 8.38 3.00 1 cir. 8 st. NE.t 9 st. NE. t Lt. haze. 10 st. NNE. t 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 St. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. NE.t N.* NNE.t 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 nim. 10 St. 10 St. NE.t N.* 00 00 00 00 10 st. 8 st. 10 St. 10 St. 00 'oo 00 00 10 st. 8 st. 10 st. 10 st. 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 St. 10 st. 10 St. 1 St. 'oo 00 00 00 7.25 9.21 10.00 7.33 2.33 10 st. 10 St. HW. t 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 10 St. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 st. 00 00 'oo 00 lOst. 10 nim. 10 st. 00 00 'oo 00 .04 .42 7.75 9.96 3.12 6 cir. st. 3 st. 8 st. 9 st. SE.* 10 nim. W.* 9 st. "W.* 00 00 00 'oo 2 cir. st. 7 st 8 st. 9 st. 10 nim. 9 st. SE.* w.* 00 00 00 .01 00 10 st. 7 st. 4 st. 10 nim. 6 st. 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 7 st. 2 st. 10 nim. 4 st. 00 00 00 'oo Dense fog. 8 st. 1st. 10 nim. 2 st. 00 00 00 .01 00 Dense fog. 5 st. 2 st. 10 nim. 00 00 00 00 2.42 3.50 0.83 4.67 7.83 1 cir. 10 st. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 2 st. 10 st. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 2 st. 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 10 st. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 D. haze. D. haze. 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 .08 .33 .33 6. 4C 9.62 10 nim. 2 cir. st. 7 st. 8 10 st. "WSW. t 10 st. .01 00 .10 .10 10 nim. 6 st. 10 St. 10 st. wsw.t .01 00 00 00 10 st. 6 st. 10 st. lOst. "WSW.t .01 00 00 00 10 St. 8 st. 10 St. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 10 St. 2 cir. st. 3 st. 8 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 10 st. 3 cir. st. 3 st. 8 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 9.08 4.21 9.00 9.29 7.10 7.10 6.87 6.30 5.70 5.93 6.03 H. Ex. 44- -37' 290 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Statement showing the amount, hind, and direction of clouds, and amount and [Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 1 a.m. 2 a. m. 3 a.m. 4 a.m. 5 a.m. 6 a. m. Date. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a o 43 3 Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a .2 oi 'p. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a o | ft Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 3 o Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. Ph o u Ph Ph u Ph o Ph 9 H Ph 1881. Dec. 1 3 cir. Light haze. 00 1st. 00 1 St. 00 00 00 10 st. Hff* 00 Dec. 2 Dec. 3 Deo. 4 Dec. 5 Dec. 6 10 nim. 10 nim. Light haze. 5 st. D. haze. Lt. haze. 3 st. .02 .03 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 nim. Light haze. 5 st. D. haze. D. haze. 2 st. .02 .03 00 00 00 10 st. 10 nim. Light haze. 4 st. D. haze. D. haze. 2 st. .01 .03 00 00 00 lOst. 10 nim. Dense fog. D. haze. D. haze. 4 st. 00 .02 00 00 00 10 st. 10 nim. Dense fog. D. haze. D. haze. 2 st. 00 .02 00 00 00 10 st. 10 nim. Dense fog. D. haze. D. haze. 1st. 00 .02 00 00 00 Deo. 7 Dec. 8 Dec. 9 Deo. 10 Dec. 11 8 st. W.t 1st. 10 nim. D. haze. D. haze. 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 1st. 10 nim. D. haze. D. haze. 00 00 00 10 nim. 1st. 10 St. .01 00 00 00 10 st. W. t 1st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 10 st. W. t 8 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 9 st. "W.t 9 st. 1 cir. 10 st. 3 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Dec. 12 Dec. 13 Dec. 14 Dec. 15 Dec. 16 D. haze. D. haze. 1st. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 1st. • Lt. haze. D. haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 8 St. 9 St. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 9 St. 10 St. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 8 st. W.t 10 st. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 9 St. W.t 2 st. 10 st. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 Dec. 17 Dec. 18 Dec. 19 Dec. 20 Dec. 21 Light haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 Light haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Light haze. 00 00 00 t 00 Lt. haze. Lt.haze. 00 Dec. 22 Dec. 23 Dec. 24 Dec. 25 Dec. 26 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 4 st. 2 cir. 00 00 00 00 00 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. Light haze. 4 st. 2 cir. 1 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 2 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Lt. haze. Lt.haze. 2st. Light haze. 3 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. Light haze. 4 st. Light haze. 3 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Lt.haze. Lt.haze. Light haze. 4 st. Light haze. 3 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Dec. 27 Deo. 28 Deo. 29 Dec. 30 Dec. 31 Dense haze. 2 st. 2 cir. Dense haze. 1 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. Dense haze. 2 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Dense haze. 1 st. Dense haze. 2 st. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. Dense haze. 3 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. Dense haze. 3 st. Dense haze. 6 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. Dense haze. 2 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Means. 2.32 . 2.22 2.58 2.64 3.03 3.32 Date. 1 a.m. 2 a.m. 3 a.m. i a. m. 5 a. m. 6 a.m. 1881. Dec. 1 10 st. 00 lOst. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 St. 00 Dec. 2 Dec. 3 Dec. 4 Dec. 5 Dec. 6 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. D. haze. 10 st. Lt. haze. 'oo 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 St. 10 st. D. haze. Lt. haze. 10 st. .01 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. 2 cir. st. 3 st. lOst. 'oo 00 00 00 10 nim. 6 cir. st. 3 st. 10 st. 10 St. 10 st. NE.t NE.t .01 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 5 cir. 1 st. 2 cir. st. 5 st. 3 cir. st. 6 st. 10 st. 0' s.t 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 2 cir. • 1 cir. st. 8 st. 3 cir. st. 6 St. 10 St. S.t .01 00 00 00 00 Dec. 7 Dec. 8 Dec. 9 Dec. 10 Dec. 11 2 st. 3 st. 9 st. 10 St. 4 st. SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 3 st. 4 st. SW.t 10 st. 10 st. • 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 2 st. 3 cir. st. 4 st. 10 st. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 9 st. 10 st. 10 St. W.t SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 10 St. 8 st. 10 st. 10 St. 4 st. w.t SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 4 cir. 2 st. 10 St. 10 St. 2 cir. st. 3 st. w.t 00 00 00 00 00 Dec. 12 Dec. 13 Dec. 14 Dec. 15 Dec. 10 3 st. Light haze. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 3 st. Light haze. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 2 st. 1 cir. 2 st. Light haze. 1 cir. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 4 st. 1 cir. 2 st. 1 cir. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 4 st. NW.* 4 cir. 3 cir. st. 1 st. 2 st. 00 00 00 00 00 3 st. 5 cir. 1 st. 1 cir. 1 St. 00 00 00 00 00 Dec. 17 Dec. 18 Dec. 19 Dec. 20 Deo. 21 1st. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 oo- 00 1st. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 2 cir. st. 2 st. 00 00 00 00 00 2 st. 2 cir. 3 st. 7 cir. st. ' 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 3 cir. 3 st. 6 cir. st. 2 st. 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 3 cir. 2 st. 5 cir. st. 2 st. 00 00 00 00 00 7 cir. 1 cir. 1 st. 5 cir. st. 1 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Dec. 22 Dec. 23 Dec. 24 Dec. 25 Dec. 20 Lt. haze. 4 st. Lt. haze. 3 st. D. haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. D. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 4 st. 5 cir. 4 st. 2 st. 2 st. D. haze. D. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 2 st. 10 st. 1 St. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 8 st. 10 st. 1st. 2 st. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 7 st. lOst. 1 cir. 1 st. 2 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 3 cir. 2 st. 10 st. 3 cir. 1 st. 2 st. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 Deo. 27 Dec. 28 Dec. 29 Dec. 30 Dec. 31 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 10 St. 10 St. 4 st. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 4 cir. 3 st. 9 st. 10 St. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 5 cir. st. 3 st. 9 st. 10 St. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 5 cir. st. 3 st. 1st. 9 st. 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 3 cir. st. 5 st. 1st. 9 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 00 00 00 'oo 3 cir. st. 5 st. 1st. 9 st. 10 nim. lOst. 00 00 00 'oo Means. 1.09 4.61 5.48 6.29 6.16 6.00 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 291 character of precipitation, at TJglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below, amount of precipitation on the right above.] 7 a. m. S a. in. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 m. '3. '3 Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a o C3 '3 © Ph Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. Q O '3 CD U Ph Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. © 1 '£< "3 to Ph Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a 1 _§. '3 . haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 D. haze. Lt. haze. Dense haze. 00 00 00 00 00 D. haze. Lt haze. 00 00 00 00 00 Light haze. 5 st. 00 00 00 00 00 4 St. 00 00 00 00 00 3 st. 00 00 00 00 00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 Light haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. Light haze 4 st. 1 St. Light haze. 5 3t. 00 00 00 00 00 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. Light haze. 4 st. 1 st. Light haze. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Lt. haze. Lt. haze 10 st. Light haze. 1 st 1st. Light haze. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 nim. Lt. haze. Lt. haze 1 St. D.haze. D. haze. . 00 00 00 00 00 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 10 nim. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 2 st. D. haze. D. haze. 00 'oo 00 00 Lt haze. Lt haze. 10 st. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 4 st. D. haze. D. haze. 00 .01 00 00 00 .03 .00 .00 .00 .00 Lt. haze. D. haze. 1st. 10 st. 9 st. w* 00 00 00 00 00 9 st. Dense haze. 1 st. 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st Dense haze. 1 st. 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 lOst. Dense haze. 10 st. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 Light haze. 7 st Light haze. 3 st. 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Light haze. 5 st. 4 st. 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .01 .00 3.41 3.48 4.22 4.19 4.16 4.25 .45 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily mean3. 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 lOst 00 1 cir. st. 6 st. 00 Dense haze. 00 5 st. Lt. haze. 00 6.08 10 nim. 1 cir. 1 st. 2 cir. st. 7 st. 1 cir. st. 7 st. 10 St. s.t .01 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 0. 1 cir. 1 st. 2 cir. st. 7 st. 10 st. 10 st. S. t .01 00 00 00 00 10 nim. lOst 10 st. 10 nim. .01 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 st Lt. haze. 7 st. 10 nim. .01 00 00 00 10 nim. D. haze. D. fog. 2 st. 10 nim. .02 00 00 00 10 nim. D. haze. D. fog. 1st. 10 st. .02 00 00 00 9.29 7.04 7. 00" 2.95 7.25 10 st. 8 st. 10 St. 10 st. 2 cir. st. 4 st. w.t 00 00 00 00 00 8 st. W. t 9 st. 10 st. 10 st 10 st 00 00 00 eo 00 4 st. 9st lOst lOst 10 nim. 00 00 09 00 2 st. 9st 10 St. 10 nim. 00 00 00 00 .01 1st Lt. haze. 4 st 10 nim. Lt. haze. 1st 00 00 'oo 1st. Lt. haze. 10 nim. Lt haze. 1st 00 00 'oo 00 6.20 5.50 5.00 8.75 2.41 2 st. 1 cir. 1 cir. 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 2 cir. st. 2 st. 2 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 St. 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 2 st. Lt haze. 00 00 00 00 00 D. haze. 2 st. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 2.41 .41 4.79 1.04 3.79 2 cir. 1 st. 1 cir. 2 st 2 cir. st. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 2 cir. 2 st. 1st 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 2 st. 4 St. 00 00 00 00 00 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 D.haze. Lthaze. 1 st. 00 00 00 00 00 o D.haze. Lthaze. o 00 00 00 00 00 .83 .00 .00 1.50 2.1a 1 cir. 1 st. lOst. 1 cir. 2 st. 2 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 10 st. 1 cir. 2 st. 3 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 1st 2 st. 2 st. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 2 st. 2 st. Lt haze. Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 5 st. e 00 00 00 00 00 Lt haze. Lt. haze. 1st. 1st. Lt. haze. 5 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Lt. haze. Lt haze. 3 st. 1 cir. 1 st Lt haze. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 1.41 5.0* 1:95. 1.20 4.70- 2 cir. st. 6 st. 1st. 10 St. 10 nim. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 1 cir. st. 5 st 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 2 cir. st. 4 st. Lt. haze. 4 St. 10 nim. 10 st. 00 00 00 01 00 3 cir. st. 3 st. Lt. haze. 5 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 2 cir. st. Lt. haze. 4 st. 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 3 cir. 3 cir. st. 3 st. 10 st 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 5.79 .25. 4.08. 8.04 9. 37 5.67 5.67 5.00 4.00 2.41 2.51 4.07 292 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. Statement shotting the amount, kind, and direction of clouds, and amount and [Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a.m. 4 a.m. 5 a. m. 6 a. m. Date. , Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. B o 1 'pi Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a o 'p< Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 'a Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. B o i 'p< Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. "3 'S, o i '■ 3 Amount, kind, and I 3 direction of clouds. 1 'p. o CD FH Ph o 5.38 6.00 6.41 7.00 6.00 6.32 .51 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 lOst. 00 lOst. 00 10 st. 00 5.45 9 st. 00 9 st. 00 8 st. 00 4 cir. 2 st. 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 8.20 3 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 4 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 1 cir. cum. 7 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 lOst. "W.t 00 6.58 3 cir. 00 3 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 2 cir. cum. 5 st. 00 9 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 8.58 6 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 2 cir. cum. 6 st. 00 5 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 7 cir. cum. 1 st. 00 10 st. 00 3 cir. cum. 4 st. 00 9.12 9 st. 00 1 cir. 7 st. 00 4 cir. 2 st. 00 5 cir. 2 st. 00 1 cir. st. 3 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 6.70 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 1 cir. 7 st. 00 1 cir. 7 st. 00 10 nim. # 10 nim. .01 5.91 4 cir. 3 cir. cum. 1 st.O 00 1 cir. 8 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 3 cir. cum. 4 st. 'oo 9 st. 00 9.16 3 cir. 00 1 cir. 00 7 st. 00 8 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. w. * 00 6. 6S 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 nim. . — 10 nim. .01 10 nim. . 9.66 6 00 00 00 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 5.20 10 nim. .01 10 nim. .01 10 nim. , 1 cir. 7 St. .01 1 cir. 3 st. 00 8 st. 00 8.08 10 st. 00 3 cir. 2 st. 00 4 cir. 3 st. 'oo 3 cir. 4 st. 00 6 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 3 cir. cum. 3 St. 00 4.00 10 nim. 3T. W. t . — 10 st. .01 2 cir. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1 St. 00 8.08 00 00 1 cir. 00 2 cir. 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 1.33 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 .62 10 St. 00 lOst. 00 lOst. 00 10 st. 00 30 St. 00 10 st. 00 5.12 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 2 cir. 4 St. 00 3 cir. 4 st. 00 4 cir. 1 st. 00 3 cir. 3 st. 00 9.33 10 nim. . — 10 st. . — 10 st. 00 10 nim. . — 1 cir. 9 nim. w.* .01 10 nim. , 8.29 00 00 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 00 2 cir. 2 st. 00 1 cir. Lt. haze. 3 st. 00 1.37 00 00 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 .66 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 00 9 nim. . 3 cir. cum. 4 st. m 9 st. 00 9 st. SW. * 00 5.54 2 cir. 6 st. 00 1 cir. 7 st. 00 1 cir. 6 st. 00 1 cir. 7 st. 'oo 7 st. 00 1 cir. 7 st. N"W. * 00 7.33 6 cir. 1 st. 00 5 cir. 1 st. 00 5 cir. 1 st. 00 2 cir. 1 st. 00 1st. W." 00 1 st. W. * 00 4.66 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1.37 10 nim. .01 10 nim. — 4 cir. 1 st. .01 2 cir. 1 st. 00 3 cir. st. 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 5.37 00 00 00 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1.58 4 cir. 2 st. 00 2 cir. 6 st. -00 2 cir. 5 st. 00 2 cir. 3 cir. st. 2 st 00 5 cir. st. 4 st. 00 4 cir. st. 5 st. 00 5.83 4 cir. 2 st. 00 2 cir. 4 st. 00 3 cir. 2 st. 00 9 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 4.29 00 00 00 00 00 00 5.08 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 00 3 cir. 00 2 cir. 2 st. 00 4 cir. st. 2 st. 00 ! cir. 2 cir. st. 3 st. 00 4.70 5.61 5.51 5.51 5.67 6.03 5.90 5.01 H. Ex. 44- -38 - 298 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Statement showing the amount, kind, and direction of clouds, and amount and [Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a.m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. 6 a. m. § c o a © o • a o o l)ate. "^ £ ^3 1 +3 3 Amount, kind, .and C3 Amount, kind, and C3 Amount, kind, and c€ Amount, kind, and ; ^ Amount, kind, and C3 Amount, kind, and c3 direction of clouds. 'p. direction of clouds. ■g. direction of clouds "h direction of clouds. .& direction of clouds. '& direction of clouds. & "3 '3 '3 'o "3 '3 ' 2 © u © u © © 1S82. Apr. 1 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Apr. 2 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Apr. 3 9 st. 00 9 St. 00 7 St. 00 2 cir. Lt. haz. 3 st. 00 Light haze. 4 st. o 00 3 cir. st. 5 st. 00 Apr. 4 1st. 00 1st. uo 1st. 00 1 st, 00 00 Light haze. 5 st. 08 Apr. 5 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. Dense haze. 00 10 nim. • — 10 nim. .01 Apr. 6 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 st. 00 2 st. 00 Light haze. 4 st. 00 Apr. 7 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 :ost. o 00 Apr. 8 3 cir. 3 St. 00 4 cir. 2 st. uo 4 cir. 2 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1st. 00 00 Apr. 9 9 St. 00 10 st. 00 Light haze. 7 st. 00 Dense haze. 5 st. 00 Dense haze. 7 st. 00 10 st. 00 Apr. 10 5 cir. st. 3 st. 00 Dense haze. 3 st. 00 Dense haze. 1 st. 00 Dense haze. 1 st. ' 00 Light haze. 8 st. 00 Light haze. 8 st. 00 Apr. 11 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Light haze. D. fog. 00 Lt. haz. 1 st. D. haz. 00 Light haze. 00 1st. 00 Apr. 12 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 St. 00 1st. 00 Apr. 13 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1st. 00 1 cir. 2 st. 00 5 st. 00 10 st. SE. t 00 Apr. 14 10 st. ¥NW. * 00 10 st, 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Apr. 15 10 st. S. *| 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 9 st. 00 3 cir. st. 6 st. 00 1 cir. st. 8 st. 00 Apr. 19 10 st. S.t! 00 10 nim. . 10 st. SSW. * lOst. SSW.* 00 10 st. SSW.* 00 10 st. SSW. t 00 Apr. 17 10 st. . w.t . — 9 st. Dense haze. . — 9 st. W. t . 9 st. W. t . — 6 st. .01 5 st. 00 Apr. 18 6 st. NW.tl 00 1 cir. st. 3 st. 00 2 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Apr. 19 10 st. I 00 10 st. 00 io st, q 3 St. s 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Apr. 20 4 cir. st. 3 st. w. t 00 2 st. 00 00 1 cir. 3 st. 00 4 st. 00 9 st. 00 Apr. 21 8 st. 00 8st. 00 7 st. 00 1 cir. st. D. hz. 3 st. 00 4 cir. st. 1 st. 00 2 st. 00 Apr. 22 4 st. H¥. * 00 9 st. NW.* D. haze. 00 10 st. D. haze. W.* 00 2 cir. st. D. hz. 3 st. 00 Light haze. 6 st. 00 Light haze. 5 st. 00 Apr. 23 00 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 00 • 1 cir. 00 00 00 Apr. 24 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. 00 Apr. 25 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Apr. 26 3 cir. st. 1 st. 00 2 cir. st. 3 st. 00 1 cir. st. 3 st. 00 1 cir. 2 st. 00 1 cir. 4 st. 00 5 st. 00 Apr. 27 9 st. 00 9 st. S. f 00 10 st. sw. t 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Apr. 28 10 st. w.* 00 1 cir. 7 st. W. * to 1 cir. 3 st. W. * 00 1 cir. D. haz. 2 st. W. t 00 Light haze. 4 st. 00 Light haze. 4 st. 00 Apr. 29 1st. 00 1 St. 00 1 st, 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1st. 00 2 st. 00 Apr. 30 10 nim. .01 10 nim. .01 10 st. — 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Means. 6.93 6.70 6.26 6.03 6.30 6.93 Date. lp. m • 2 p. m. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. 1882. Apr. 1 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 7 st, NW.* 00 8 st. 00 4 cir. 3 st. 00 Apr. 2 10 st. .00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 1 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Apr. 3 10 nim. ..»- 10 st. . — 4 cir. 4 st. 00 5 cir. 3 st. 00 4 cir, 5 st. 00 4 cir. 1 st. 00 Apr. 4 6 cir. st. 3 St. 00 5 cir. 4 st. 00 4 cir. 5 st. 00 9 st. 00 8 st. 00 5 cir. 1 st. 00 Apr. 5 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr. 6 8 st. 00 8 st. 00 4 cir. 4 st. 00 6 cir. 3 st. 00 4 cir. 2 st. 00 5 cir. 3 st. 00 Apr. 7 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 5 cir. st. 3 st. 00 4 cir. st. 4 st. 00 5 cir st. 3 st. 00 Apr. 8 1 cir. . 00 3 cir. 00 5 cir. 00 3 cir. 00 2 cir. 00 4 cir. 00 Apr. 9 9 Dim. . — 9 nim. .01 10 nim. . 10 nim. 10 nim. . — 10 st. 00 Apr. 10 D.fog. D,fog 00 D. fog. D. fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 D. fog. D.fog. 00 5 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 6 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 Apr. 11 1 cir. 00 3 cir. 00 2 cir. 00 2 cir. 00 1 cir. 00 00 Apr. 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr. 13 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. .01 10 st. .01 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 Apr. 14 00 00 00 1 cir. 00 2 st. 00 2 cir. 4 st. 00 Apr. 15 4 cir. 3 cir. st. 00 8 st. U 00 9 St. 00 10 st. SE.t 00 10 st. SE. t 00 9 st. ESE. t 00 Apr. 16 4 cir. 2 st. 00 4 cir. Dense, fog. 00 5 cir. 2 st. | 00 6 cir. 00 2 cir. 1 st. 00 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 00 Apr. 17 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr. 18 5 cir. Dense fog. 00 3 cir. Dense fog. 00 4 cir. Dense fog. 00 6 cir. 00 5 cir. 00 5 cir.- 00 Apr. 19 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. ' 00 5 cir. 4 St. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Apr. 20 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 4 cir. st. 5 st. 00 4 cir. 5 st. J 00 3 cir. 5 st. 00 2 cir. 6 st. 00 Apr. 21 3 cir. 4 st. 00 Dense haze. 00 D. haze. D. haze. 00 4 cir. 2 st. | 00 D. haze. D. haze. 00 D. haze. D. haze. 00 Apr. 22 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Apr. 23 1 cir. 00 3 cir. st. 00 3 cir. 00 Dense haze. ! 00 Dense haze. 00 Dense haze. 00 Apr. 24 10 nim. .02 10 nim. . — 10 nim. , 10 nim. !.— 10 nim. .01 10 nim. .01 Apr. 25 7 st. ssw.t 00 3 cir. 2 st. 00 Dense haze. 00 Dense haze. 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 2 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st, CO Apr. 26 1st. 00 1 st. 00 00 1st. 00 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 1 st 00 Apr, 27 Dense haze. 00 Dense haze. 2 st. 00 D. haze. D. haze. 00 D. haze. D. haze. 00 Dense haze. 00 5 cir. 2 st 00 Apr. 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr. 29 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr. 30 2 cir. 00 2 cir. 00 00 6 cir. 00 3 cir. 00 2 oir. st. 00 Means. 5.14 5.00 4.80 5.00 4.54 4.66 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 299 character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below, amount of precipitation on the right above.] 7 a. m. 8 a. ni. 9a. m. 10 a. m. 11a. m. 12 m. 'p. '3 a .2 o s .2 a o '■+3 *a Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 'p. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. p. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 'p. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. •a Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 'p. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. ft a o c o p © en o 1 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 .00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 .00 3 cir. st. 3 st. 00 3 cir. st. 5 st 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 , — 1<0 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 9 st, 00 6 cir. st. 3 st. 00 .00 10 nirn. • — 10 St. .01 3 cir. St. 7 st 00 2 st. 00 1 St. 00 00 .02 Light haze. 7 st. 00 Light haze. 5 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 .00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 lOst. 00 10 st. 00 .00 00 00 00 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 00 .00 10 nim. , — 10 nim. !. 02 10 nim. .0) 10 nim. , — 10 nim. .01 10 nim. .01 .07 Light haze. D. fog. 00 Lt. fog. Lt. fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 .00 1st. 00 2 st. 00 Dense haze. 2 St. 00 00 00 00 .00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1 St. 00 1st. 00 00 00 .00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. .01 10 nim. .01 10 nim. . — 10 nim. .01 .05 10 st, 00 10 st. 00 8 st. WNW.t 00 2 st. WNW.t 00 00 00 .00 2 cir. st. 8 st. 00 4 cir. st. 4 st. 00 5 cir. st. 4 st 00 4 cir. st. 2 st. 00 o cir. 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 • — 10 st. SSW.t 00 10 st. SSW.t 00 6 st. 00 Lt. haze. 6 st. SSW.t 00 4 cir. st. 3 st W.t 00 4 cir. st. 4 st. w.t 00 ._. 6 st. 00 9 st. SSW.t 00 9 st. SSW.t 00 8 st. SSW.t 00 4 cir. 3 st. SSW.t 00 3 st. .00 .01 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Dense haze. 4 st. 00 DeDse haze. 4 St. 00 Dense haze. 5 st. 00 .00 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . 10 nim. . — 10 st. .01 10 St. 00 .01 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 .00 2 cir. st. 3 st. 00 9 st. 00 5 st. 00 9 st. 00 9 st. 00 9 st. 00 .00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 mm. , — lOst. .01 10 st. 00 .01 00 00 00 00 3 cir. 00 1 cir. 00 .00 10 nim. .02 10 nim. .03 10 nim. .02 10 nim. .03 10 nim. .01 10 nim. .01 .22 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. sw.t 00 10 st. 00 10 st. SW.1 00 8 st. sw.t 00 .00 4 st. 00 4st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1 St. 00 1st. 00 .00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 lOst. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 3 cir. 3 st. 00 .10 Light haze. 1 st. 00 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 .00 2 st. 00 4 st. w.t 00 2 cir. 3 st. w.t 00 1 cir. 1 st. W.t 00 1st. 00 00 . — 10 st. 00 lOst. 00 1st. 00 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 00 .02 7.10 7.36 6.90 6.10 6.00 5.53 .41 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily roeans. 3 cir. 3 st. 10 St. 2 cir. 2 st. 3 cir. 1 st. ■0 00 00 00 00 00 2 cir. 3 st. 10 St. 3 cir. 3 st. 2 cir. 5 st. 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 2 st. 1.0 St. 4 cir. 1 st. 4 cir. 2 st. o 00 00 00 00 00 2 cir. 2 st. 9 st. 2 cir. 2 st. 6 st. 00 00 00 00 00 9 st. 3 cir. 5 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 1 cir. 8 st. 1 cir. NW.* 00 00 00 00 00 9 St. 9 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 9 st. 1 cir. W.t 00 00 00 00 00 8.66 9.83 7.04 6.58 3.95 3 cir. 5 st. 5 cir. st. 4 st. 5 cir. 9 st, 2 cir. 2 cir. cum. 1 St. 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 8 st. 2 cir. st. 6 st. 4 cir. 2 st. 9 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st, 3 cir. st. 5 st. 4 cir. 1 st. 1 cir. 8 st. 00 00 00 00 00 9 st. 3 cir. 5 st. 3 cir. 2 st. 1 cir. 8 st. 00 00 00 00 00 9 st. SW.t 3 cir. 1 St. 9 st. 1 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 st. 1 st. Light haze. 00 00 00 00 00 9 St. S. t 3 cir. 3 st. 9 st. STW. t 2 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 St. 00 00 00 00 00 6.91 9.04 3.33 8.87 2.29 10 st. Light haze. D. fog. 9 st. ESE. t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. . Lt. haze. D. fog. 9 St. ESE. t 00 00 00 00 00 6 cir. cum. 1 st. Lt. fog. D. fog. 9 st. ESE. 1 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 4 cir. cum. 2 st. D. fog. D. fog. 9 St. ESE. t 00 00 00 00 00 1 St. 1st. 9 st. Dense fog. 1 cir. st. 8 st. NW.* s.* 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 1 st. 1st. 10 st. WW.* Dense fog. 9 st. S.* 00 00 00 00 00 .79 .70 8.12 4.12 8.58 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 2 cir. Dense fog. 8 st. 'oo ou 00 00 Lt. haze. Lt. haze 4 cir. 1 st. 5 cir. 3 st. 4 cir. 4 st. ,0 'oo 00 00 00 3 cir. D. haze. 3 cir. 3 cir. 3 cir. st. 2 9 st. 3 cir. 4 st. St. 00 00 00 00 2 cir. D. fog. 4 cir. 1 st. 9 st. 9 st. 4 cir. 2 st. w.t 00 00 00 00 1 cum. st. 8 si 8 st. 8 st. 8 st. 8 st. . s.t NW.t W.t W.t 'oo 00 00 00 9 st. 9 st. 1 cir. st. 7 st. ' 2 cir. st. 5 st 9 St. w.t w.t w.t sw.t w.t 00 00 00 00 6.50 4.79 6.37 8.33 7.87 D. haze. D. haze. 2 cir. 1 st. Dense haze. 10 nim. 1 cir. 1 cir. st. 00 00 00 .01 00 D. haze. D. haze. 1 cir. D. haze. D. haze. 10 nim. 2 cir. 00 00 00 .02 00 3 cir. 5 st. D. haze. D. haze 10 nim. 1 cir. 1 cir. st. 00 00 00 .01 00 1 cir. 2 st. . 1st. 10 st. 10 nim. 1 ci. s. 1 ci. cu 2 s. 00 00 00 'oo 3 st. 10 st. 10 nim. 9 st. w.t E.t 00 00 00 'oo 1 cir. 1 st. 10 st. 10 St. 5 st. 00 00 00 .01 00 4.54 6.83 1.83 10.00 6.79 1 cir. 1 st. D. haze D. haze. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 1 cir. st. 00 00 00 00 00 2 cir. 1 st. 3 cir. st. 1 st. 10 st. 1 cir. 2 st. 00 00 00 00 00 3 cir. 1 st. 1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 10 st. 6 st. W. t 00 00 00 00 00 3 cir. 1 st. 2 cir. 6 st. 10 St. 8 st. NW.t 00 00 00 00 .00 4 st. 9 St. 10 nim. 9 st. KW.t 00 00 00 00 8 st. 9 St. 10 nim. 9 st. w.t 00 00 00 'oo 2.87 6.54 1.45 3.08 5.66 3.66 4.50 4.86 5.23 6.08 6.23 5.74 300 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Statement showing the amount, kind and direction of clouds, and amount and ["Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. a. m. a o ' a o * o c o J Date. tn ;■ ^3 £ :£ '•+^> 'S Amount, kind, and J Amount, hind, and ' -S Amount, Mnd, and r. Amount, kind, and e3 Amount, kind, and CS Amount, kind, and s © u 1 to PM to to to to «f 3 st. ■w.t 00 1 cir. cum. 4 st W.t 00 9" st. W.t 00 9 st. 00 2 cir. cum. 6 st 00 9 st. 00 .02 7 st. "W.t 00 6 st. W.t 00 9 st. SW.t 00 9 st. SW.t 00 lOst. SW.t 00 8 st. SW.t 00 .00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. 0. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. , — .03 10 st. SW.t 00 8 st. SW.t 00 2 cir. 2 st. SW.t 00 2 cir. 2 st. SW.t 00 3 cir. 2 st. SW.t 00 3 st. SW.* 00 . .00 10 st. "W.t 00 9 st. w.t 00 lOst. w.t 00 10 st. W.1 00 10 st. W.t 00 10 st. w.t 00 .00 1 cir. 3 cir. at. 1 st. 00 5 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 3 cir. st. 1st. 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 4 cir. 2 st. 00 .00 1 cum. 1 st. 00 00 00 00 1st. 00 1 cir. 00 .00 2 cir. 2 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 00 .00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 .04 5 st. SW.1 00 2 st. SW.t 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 3 st. 00 1 cir. 3 st. 00 3 cir. 2 st. 00 .00 1 cir. 3 st. WSW. 1 00 2 cir. 2 st. WSW. t 00 2 cir. 2 st. WSW.t 00 2 cir. 2 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 .07 9 st. SW.* 00 10 st. SW.* 00 10 st. SW.t 00 10 St. SW.t 00 10 St. s.* 00 10 st. s.* 00 .00 8 St. w.t 00 3 cir. 1 st. w.t 00 3 cir. 1 st. w.t 00 4 cir. 00 5 cir. 3 St. 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 .00 1 cir. 2 st. "W.t 00 1 cir. 1 st. w.t 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. cum. 1 st 00 1 cir. cum. 5 st ¥.f 00 10 st. w.* 00 .32 Dense fog. 00 5 st. N.* 00 4 st. W.t Light fog 00 1 ci. st. 4 s. K. • • Lt. f . 00 1 cir. st. 5 st. S* 00 1 ci. st. 3 st.N. k Lt.f. 00 .00 10 st, E.* Light fog 00 Dense fog 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 . — lOnim. .07 10 nim. .06 10 nim. .05 10 mm. .06 10 nim. .06 10 nim. .09 .69 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. S.t 00 .00 10 St. SW.t 00 10 st. SW.t 00 10 st. SW.t 00 10 st. SW.t 00 10 st. SW.t 00 10 st. SW.t 00 .03 9 st. SW.t 00 5st. SW.t 00 5 st. SW.t 00 1 cir. 3 st. SW.t 00 4 cir. 4 st. SW. i- 00 lOst. SW.t 00 .00 1 cir. st. 9 st. s.t 00 10 st. s.t 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 nim. . — 10 St. , .13 9 st. SW.t 00 9 st. SW.t 00 10 St. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 10 st. 00 . 9 st. SW.t 00 9 st. SW.t 00 4 cir. 2 st. SW.t 00 4 cir. 2 st. 00 4 cir. 1 st. 00 3 cir. 3 st. 00 .03 cir. st. 4 st. SW.t 00 2 cir. st. 8 st. SW.t 00 2 cir. st. 7 st. SW.t 00 4 cir. st. 5 st. SW.t 00 5 cir. st. 4 st. 00 3 cir. 2 st. 00 .00 1 cir. 2 st. 00 2 cir. 2 st. 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 3 cir. 2 st. 00 4 cir. 3 st. 00 .00 10 st. .00 10 st. SW.t 00 10 st. SW.t 00 10 st. SW.t 00 8 st. sw.t 00 8 st. 00 10 nim. .02 10 nim. .03 10 nim. . — Dense fog. . — Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 .10 10 St. NE.* 00 10 st. NE.* 00 10 st. NE.* 00 10 st. NE.* 00 10 st. NE." 00 7 st. NE.* 00 .00 9 St. SE.* 00 10 st. SE.* 00 9 st. SE.* 00 10 st. SE.* 00 10 st. SE.>' 00 10 st. SE.* 00 .00 1 cir. st. 9 st. SE.* 00 4 cir. st. 6 st. SE.* 00 lOst. SE.* 00 7 cir. st. 2 st. SE.* 00 7 cir. st. 1 st. 00 5 cir. 2 st. 00 .00 1 cir. 5 st. SW.t 00 2 cir. st. 4 st. SW.t 00 3 cir. st. 4 st SW.t 00 5 cir. st. 3 st. SW.t 00 4 cir. st. 4 st. SW.t 00 4 cir. st. 4 st. SW.t 00 .00 7.25 6.64 6.58 6.00 6.67 6.87 1.46 7 p. m. 8 p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. 12 p. m. Daily means. 10 st. 10 st. 00 10 st. SW.t 00 9 st. SW.t 00 9 St. 00 2 cir. st. 3 st. 00 8.33 1 cir. 1 st 00 1 cir. 1 ci. cum. 1 s. 00 1st. 00 1 cir. 1 St. 00 1 cir. st. 9 st. ESE.t 00 9 St. S.* 00 5.79 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 1 cir. 2 st. W. t 00 1 cir. st. 7 st. SSW.t 00 1 cir. st. 7 st. W. t, 00 5. GO 10 st. W.t 00 1 cir. 8 st. W.t 00 1 cir. 7 cum. st. 00 1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 s. W . t 00 1 cir. st. 7 st. W.t 00 1 ci. 2 ci. st. 3 st. W.* 00 7.58 5 cir. 1 cum. 00 4 cir. 1 cum. 00 4 cir. 1 cum. 00 5 cir. 1 cum. 00 3 cir. 2 cir. st . 1 St. 00 5 cir. 1 st. 00 7.62 1 cir. 7 st. W.t 00 3ci. leu. st.2st. W.t 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 cir. st. 00 lcir. 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 5.16 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 St. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1.41 1 cir. 1 cum. 00 1 cir. 1 cum. 00 1 cum. st. 00 1 cir. 1 cum. st. 00 1 cum. st. 00 1 cum. st. 00 2.41 2 cir. 2 cir. cum. 1st. 00 3 cir. st, 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 00 9 st. 00 9 nim. SSW.* .03 9 st. S.t .01 3.54 lei.2c.cu.2cu.ls.SWt 00 lc.lc.cu.lcu.ls.SWt 00 2ci. 2cu. s.2s. SW.t 00 lci.lci.s.2cu.s.ls.SWt 00 1 cir. st. 7 st. SW.t 00 9 st. SSW.1 00 5.29 1 ci. st. 2 cu. 2st. SW. t 00 2 cir. st. 7 st. SW. t 00 8 st. SW.* 00 9 st. SW.* 00 9 st. SW.* 00 9 st. SW.* 00 6.41 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 9 st. W. * Lig htfog. 00 1 ci. s. 1 s. W.* L. fog. 00 6.25 3 cir. 1st. 00 2 cir. 2 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. st. 00 1 cir. st. 00 5.41 Dense fog. ■ — Dense fog. ■ — Dense fog. .02 10 st. W. t .02 10 st. N.t 00 10 st. N. t 00 4.33 lc.lc.s.4s.NE.*D.fg 00 1 cir. st. 3 st. NE.* 00 1 cir. st. 3 st. NE.* 00 1 cir. 4 st. NE. t 00 1 ci. 7 s. NE. > Lt. fog. 00 lci.7st.E.* L.fog. 00 4.16 10 st. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. . 7.62 10 st. E.* 00 9 st. NE.t 00 1 cir. 4 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 Dense fog. j 00 9.33 1 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 00 3 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 00 3 cir. 2 st. 00 2 ci. 2 ci. cu. 4 st. W. t 00 1 cir. st. 7 st. w.;t 00 9 st. W.t, 00 8.70 8 st. W. t 00 1 cir. 8 st. W. t 00 2 cir. 2 st. W.t 00 1 ci. 1 cu. st. 2 s. W. t 00 7 st. SW.t 00 8 st. SW. 1 00 8.45 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 ci. 2 ci. st. 3 s. SW. t 00 2 cir. 2 cir. St. 4 s. W.t 00 3 cir. st. 2 st. 00 2 cir. 3 st. 00 1 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 st. j 00 7.29 1 cir. 4 st. Light fog. 00 1 cir. 4 st. 00 3 cir. 2 st. i 00 2 cir. 2 st. 00 3 cir. 2 st. 00 lei. lei. s. 4 s. SW t| 00 7.33 2 cir. 1 cum. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 2 cum. 2 st. 00 1 cir. 5 st. 00 8 st. 00 1 cir. 6 st. SW.* 00 9 st. SW.* 00 6.79 8 st. SW.t 00 8 st. SW.t 00 2 cir. 6 st. . — 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 3 st. sw.t 00 2 cir. 2 st. SW. t 00 7.20 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 00 1 cir. s. 1 cu. s. 2 s. 00 1 cir. st. 2 st. 00 3 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 6.20 10 st. SW.* 00 9 st. SW.* 00 9 St. SW.t 00 5 st. SW.t 00 10 st. SW.* 00 10 st. SW.* 00 6.41 10 st. 00 10 st. SWt. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 nim. , _^_ 9.45 9 st. W.t 00 9 st. SW.t 00 9 st. SW.t 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 5.58 10 st. 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 8 st. E. t 00 8 st. ESE.* 00 10 st. ESE.* 00 9.33 1 cir. 2 ci. st. 3 st. SE.* 00 1 cir. st. 3 st. SE.* 00 1 cir. 1 st. SE.* 00 1 cir. 2 cir. s. 1 s. SE.* 00 4 cir. 1 st. 00 2 cir. 1 st. SE.* 00 7.70 2 cir. 3 cir. st. 1 st. 00 2 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 st. 00 2 cir. st. 2 st. 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1 ci. st. 1 cu. st. W. t 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 6.08 1 cum. 4 st. SW.t 00 2 cir. 3 st. 00 1st. 00 3 st. W.* 00 4 st. SW.t 00 8 st. W.* 00 5.75 5.61 5.32 4.72 5.03 6.35 6.06 6.40 H. Ex. 44- -39 306 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Statement showing the amount, Tcind, and direction of clouds, and amount and ["Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this i 1a.m. 2 a. 111. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. 6 a. m. Date. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. o 1 'p. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a o 1 Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a o 1 Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a o cS 'Si Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. ci 'E. ca EH CM CO © © 1882. Aug. 1 Aug. 2 „ Aug. 3 9 st. W. t Dense fog. 1 ci. 1 ci. st. 5 st. SW* 00 00 00 10 St. 10 st. Dense fog. SW.* SW.* 00 00 00 10 st. 10 St. Dense fog. sw.t sw.t 00 00 00 10 st. SW. t 10 nim. Dense fog. 00 'oo 10 st. 10 nim. Dense fog. SW.t 00 00 10 st 10 nim. Dense fog. sw.* 00 .02 00 Aug. 4 Aug. 5 Aug. 6 Aug. 7 Aug. 8 1 cir. st. 3 st. 10 st. 10 nim. W nim. 4 cir. 4 st. j 00 00 .03 W.t. 01 W.* 00 5 st. Dense fog. 10 nim. 1 cir. st. 9 nim 9 st. SW.* .SW.* w.* 00 00 00 10 St. 1 cir. st. 9 st. 10 nim. 10 nim. 9 st. w.t NE.* SW.* w.* 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st. E.* 10 nim. 10 nim. 9 st. W.* 00 00 .09 .01 00 Dense fog. 10 st. 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 St. E.t W.* 00 00 .02 .02 00 Dense fog. 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. w.* w.* 00 00 .07 'oo Aug. 9 Aug. 10 Aug. 11 Aug. 12 Aug. 13 10 st. SW.* 00 10 St. WNW.* 00 10 st. S.*i 00 1 cir. st. 4 st. SW. t, 00 10 nim. NW.*.— 10 st. SW.* 10 st. WNW.' 10 st. S. t 3 st. SW.t 9 st NW.* 'oo 00 00 10 St. 10 st. 10 nim. 5 st. 10 st. SW.* w.* SW.* sw.t NW.* 00 00 00 00 10 st. W.* 10 st. WNW.* 10 st. SW.* 3 st. SW.t 10 st. NW.* 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st. 10 St. 5 st. 10 st. SW.t SW.* sw.t swt NW.t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st. 10 st. 5 st 10 St. SW.t 00 SW.t 00 SW.t 00 SW.t 00 NW.t 00 Aug. 14 Aug. 15 Aug. 16 Aug. 17 Aug. 18 9 nim. NE.t.— 1 cir. 7 st. E.* 00 9 st. ESE. * 00 1 cir. cum. 9 st. SE.* 00 1 cir. st. 6 st. E.* 00 9 st. 9 st. 6 st. 1 cir. cum. 8 s 1 cir. st. 9 nim NE.ti.— E.*| 00 SE.* 00 . SE.*j 00 . E.*L — 10 St. 10 St. 5 st. 10 st. . 10 St. NE.t; 00 E.t 00 se.*! oo ESE.* 00 ENE.* 1 .- 10 st. NE.t 10 st. E.t 7 st. SE.* 10 st. ESE * 10 st. E.* 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. 10 St. 0. E.* ESE.* E.* 00 00 00 00 10 St. 10 St. 10 St. 10 St. 10 nim. 00 .- E.* 00 ESE.*, 00 .— Aug. 19 Aug. 20 Aug. 21 Aug. 22 Aug. 23 6 st. 8 st. 1 cir. st. 9 st. 1 cir. st. 9 st. 10 st. E.t sw.t E-* NE.* 00 00 00 .00 00 2 st. 9 st. 3 cir. 4 st. 1 cir. st. 7 st. 10 st. E.t 00 sw.t oo E.t; 00 NE.* 00 00 1 cir. st. 2 st. 10 St. 10 st. 6 st. 10 st. E.t; oo 1 00 E.t; oo NE.* 00 I 00 1 cir. st. 2 st. E. t 10 st. SW. t 10 st. 8 st. NE.* 10 st. 00 1 2 st. 00 ' ]0 St. 00 . JO St. oo ! io st. 00 1 10 St. E.t sw.t 00 00 00 00 00 2 st. 10 st. lOst. 10 st. 10 st. E.t 00 00 , 00 00 I 00 Aug. 24 Aug. 25 Aug. 26 Aug. 27 Aug. 28 10 St. 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 St. 10 st. NE.* E.t NE.t E.t 00 i02 00 00 10 st. 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 St. 10 nim. NE.* 00 .— NE.*.01 N.* 00 E.t.— 10 St. 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 nim. NE.* N.* E.t 00 .01 .01 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. NE.* 10 nim. ME.* 10 nim. E.t 00 ! 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . 03 | 10 st. . — ! 10 nim. . — 10 nim. o._ .01 NE.*| 60 1.01 E.t.— 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 nim. 10 nim. !.oi i .01 00 I NE.* 1 .— ! E.t.— : Aug. 29 Aug. 30 Aug. 31 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. ESE.t NE.t 'oo 00 10 st. 10 St. 10 st. oL E.* 00 E.t 00 10 nim. 10 st. 10 St. E.* 00 00 10 nim. E.t 10 nim. NE. t 10 St. . — 10 nim. .— 10 st. 00 : 10 st. E.t.— NE.t..— 00 10 st. lOst. 10 St. E.t NE.t 00 00 Means. 8.73 8.22 8.96 9.03 ' 8.93 8.93 1 1 Date, i 1p.m. 2 p.m. 3 p.m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. 1882. Aug. 1 Aug. 2 Aug. 3 10 st. Dense fog. 10 st. ■ SW.* 00 ' 00 1 00 10 st. Dense fog. 10 st. SW.* 00 00 00 10 st. Dense fog. 10 st. SW.* 00 00 00 10 st. SW.* Dense fog. 3 cir. 5 st. NW. t 00 9 st. . 02 10 nim. 00 ! 1 cir. 3 St. i sw.* oo .01 sw.* oo Dense fog. 10 nim. 1 cir. 1 st. 00 .02 sw." oo Aug. 4 Aug. 5 Aug. 6 Aug. 7 Aug. b' Dense fog. 10 st. 7 st. 10 St. 8 st. 00 E.*| 00 ssw.t 1 oo W.* 00 S.ti 00 10 st. 10 St. 8 St. 10 st. 9 st. N.* SE.t S.t w.* s.t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 St. 8 st. 10 st. 3 cir. 1 st. N.* E,t S.t SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. N* 10 st. SE. t 8 st. S. t 10 st. SW. t 7 cir. 2 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 : 8 St. 00 8 st. 00 1 cir. 8 St. W.* 00 SE.t : 00 SW. 1 00 W.* 00 00 10 st. 10 St. 8 st. 9 st. 9 St. W.* 00 SE.t 00 SW.t 00 W.* 00 sw.t, oo Aug. 9 Aug. 10 Aug. 1 1 Aug. 12 Aug. 13 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. Dense fog. 10 st. sw.t s.t NW.t .03 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st. 10 st. Dense fog. 10 St.. w.* SE.t S.t .05 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 St. 10 st. Dense fog. 9 st. w.* S.I s.t o 00 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 10 st. S. t 10 st. S. 1 Dense fog. 9 st. 00 j 10 St. .02 | 10 st. .— 10 nim. 00 10 nim. 00 ! 10 st. 00 SW. t . — .— .02 00 10 st 9 st. 4 cum. 4 st. 10 st. 8 st. NW.* 00 SW.t 00 .01 NW.*.01 NW.t 00 Aug. 14 Aug. 15 Aug. 16 Aug. 17 Aug. Id 10 st. 10 St. 9 st. 10 St. 10 St. ESE.* E.* SE.* E.* 00 .00 00 00 00 10 st. 9 st. 8 st. 10 st. 10 nim. SSE.* E.* E.* E.t 00 00 00 00 10 st. 9 st. 6 st. 10 St. 9 st. SE." E.* E.* E.t 00 00 00 00 10 st. ] cir. 8 st. ESE.* 7 st. E.* 10 st. E.* 7 St. E. i 00 10 nim. 00 1 cir. 8 st. 00 1 cir. st. 8 st. 00 10 st. 00 ! 1 cir. 8 st. .— esr:.* oo E.* 00 E.* 00 E.* 00 10 nim. . — 1 cir. st. 7 st. ESE.* 00 1 cir. cum. 5 st. E.* 00 i lOst. E.* CO 10 st. E.* «'0 Aug. 19 Aug. 20 Aug. 21 Aug. 22 A ug. 23 6 cir. st. 1 st. 10 st. 10 st. 3 cir. 4 St. 10 St. NE.t NE. * 00 00 00 00 00 3 cir. 2 st. 10 St. 10 st. 4 cir. 3 St. 10 st. NE.t NE.t NE.t 00 00 00 00 00 3 cir. 1 st. 10 St. 10 St. 5 cir. st. 3 st. 10 St. NE.t W.t NE.* 00 00 00 00 00 1 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. NE. t 00 1 cir. 2 cir. st. 6 st. 00 10 St. NE.t 00 1st. 9 St. 10 st. 2 ci. st. 1 cum 10 St. E.t 00 SE.t 00 NE.* 00 .2st. 0. 00 E.t 00 1 St. 9 St. 10 St. 1 cir. 2 cum. 10 st E.t SE.t NE.* 2 st. E.t 00 00 00 00 00 Aug. 24 Aug. 25 Aug. 20 Aug. 27 Aug. 28 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 St. 1 cir. 8 st. E.-t NE.1 N.* E.t 00 .02 00 'oo 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 nim. 9 st. E.t NE.t N.* E.t 00 .02 00 00 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 nim. 10 nim. E.t NE.t N.* 00 .02 00 10 st. NNE.1I 00 10 nim. 1.03 10 st. NE.1j 00 10 st. N.t!. 01 9 st. E.t!.— 9 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. 8 st. NE.t NE.* NE.t 00 .01 00 00 00 10 st 10 nim. 9 st. 10 st. 7 st. NE.* NE.t 00 00 00 00 Aug. 29 Aug. 30 Aug. 31 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 00 00 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. ENE.t 00 .01 00 10 St. 10 st. 10 st. ENE.t NE.t 00 00 10 st. ENE. t 10 st. 10 st. N. 1 00 00 00 10 St. 10 St. 10 St. ENE.t N.t 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st 3 cir. 3 st NE.t N.t 00 00 00 Means 8.61 8.88 8.61 8.26 8.96 8.19 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 307 character of precipitation, at TJglaamie % from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above. 1a.m. 8 a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11a. m. 12 m. 'gl '3 u a a ,, a a a a o .2 p o o *3 o Amount, kind, and 3 ♦2 Amount, kind, and c8 Amount, kind, and c3 Amount, kind, and S3 Amount, kind, and Amount, kind, and 'S a direction of clouds. direction of clouds. '3 direction of clouds. '3 direction of clouds. 2* '3 direction of clouds. '3 direction of clouds. '3 a* 2 p o 03 £ Ph o? u u ft a 10 St. SW.t 00 10 st. sw.t 00 10 st. sw.t 00 1 cir. st. 6 st sw.t 00 10 St. sw.t 00 10 st. 00 00 10 St. . 10 St. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 08 10 St. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 60 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 00 10 St. 00 10 st. ENE.t 00 10 st. ENE.t 00 10 St. ENE.t 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 St. E.* 00 38 10 nim. .01 10 nim. . — 8 st. S.t . — 8 st. sw.t 00 8 st. sw.t 00 9 st. sw.t 00 24 10 St. w.* 00 10 st. W.* 00 10 st. w.* 00 10 st. W.* 00 10 st. w.* 00 4 St. w.* 00 04 1 cir. 1 st. w.* 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 4 cir. 1 st. 00 4 cir. 00 5 cir. 2 st. 00 9 St. s.t 00 10 10 nim. sw.t ,_ 10 nim. sw.* .01 10 st. sw.t 1 10 St. sw.t 00 10 St. sw.t 00 10 nim. sw.t .02 11 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 02 10 st. sw.t 00 10 St. sw.t 00 10 st. sw.t 00 10 St. sw.t 00 10 st. sw.t 00 10 st. 00 02 6 St. . sw.t 00 5 St. sw.t 00 10 st. sw.* 00 10 st. sw.* 00 Dense fog. Dense fog. 00 03 10 st. NW.t 00 10 nim. NW.t • — 10 nim. NW.t • — 10 st. NW.t • — 10 st. NW.t 00 10 St. NW.i 00 — 10 st. E.t 00 10 St. E.t 00 10 st. E.t 00 10 st. W.t 00 10 st. W.t 00 10 st. 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. ESE.* 00 10 st. SSE.t 00 10 St. SE.* 00 9 st. SE* 00 10 st. SSE.* 00 10 St. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 00 10 St. ESE.* 00 10 st. ESE.* 00 10 st. ESE.* 00 10 st. ESE* 00 10 st. ESE.* 00 10 st. SE.* 00 00 10 st. E.» .01 10 St. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 1st. 00 1 cir. 3 st. 00 3 cir. 1 st. 00 5 cir. 1 st. 00 5 cir. 2 st. 00 5 cir. 1 st. 00 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 00 10 St. 00 10 St. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. NE.t 00 10 st. NE.t 00 10 st. NE.1 00 00 10 st. NE.* 00 30 st. NE.* 00 2 cir. 4 st. NE.* 00 3 cir. 2 st. NE.* 00 3 cir. 2 st. NE.* 00 3 cir. 3 st. NE.* 00 00 10 st. | 00 10 St. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 lOst. 00 01 3" nim. .— 10 St. , _ 10 nim. , 10 st. . 10 St. 00 8 st. 00 01 10 nim. 1.02 10 nim. .01 10 nim. .— 10 nim. !o2 10 nim. .03 10 nim. .03 31 10 st. | 00 lOst. 00 lCst. j 00 10 st. 00 lost. 00 10 st. 00 07 10 nim. NE.*.— 10 st. '. — 10 st. NE.* 00 10 nim. ST.* . — 10 nim. N.* . — 10 nim. N.* . 02 10 nim. E.t.— 10 nim. E.t ■ — lOst. E.t.- 10 st. E.t 00 10 st. . E.t 00 10 st. E.t 00 ■ — 10 st. E.t 00 10 St. E.t 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. ENE.t 00 10 st. ENE. t 00 __ 10 st. NE.t. 00 10 St. NNE.t 00 10 St. NE.1 . — 10 st. ENE.t . — 10 St. ENE.t . 10 St. ENE.t . !oi 10 St. 00 10 St. NNE.t 00 10 st. S.t 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 00 9.00 . 8.74 8.48 8.38 8.26 8.12 1.45 7 p.m 8 p.m • 9 p.m 10 p. m. lip. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 6.87 10 st. . — 10 st. 00 10 nim. .01 8 st. SW. t . — lcir. cum. 8st. SSW.* 00 1 ci. s. 3 cu. 3 s. SW.* 00 6.00 Dense fog. 00 10 st. VVNW*. D. fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 10 st. W. t 00 10 st. , W.t 00 9 st. W. t 00 4.16 10 st. NW.* 00 1 cir. 3 st. NW.* 00 1 ci. 2 ci. st. 3 s .NW.* 00 1 ci. 1 ci. st. 6 st. N.* 00 1 cir. st. 9 st. N.* 00 10 st. N. t 00 5.29 10 nim. .— 10 nim. .06 10 nim. .05 10 nim. .10 10 nim. .09 10 nim. .08 9.58 8 st. sw.t 00 4 cum. 4 st. sw.t 00 4 cum. 5 st. sw.t 00 9 st. SW. t 00 9 nim. W.* . — 9 nim. W.* .02 8.83 8 St. w.* . 9 st. w.* 00 9 St. w.* 00 1 cir. 8 st. W.* 00 10 st. W.* 00 10 st. W.* 00 9.41 10 st. sw.t 00 10 nim. .02 10 nim. .03 10 nim. SW.t .02 10 nim. SSW.* .02 10 st. SSW.* .01 8.00 10 St. NW.* 00 10 st 00 10 st, NW.* 00 1 cir. 8 st. NW.* 00 10 st. WNW.* 00 10 st. AVNW.* 00 9.54 1 cir. 8 St. sw.t 00 9 st. sw.t 00 10 st. 00 9 st. SW.t 00 1 cir. cum. 9 st. S.* 00 9 st. S.* 00 9.79 8 st. sw.t 00 1 cir. 4 st. sw.* 00 1 cir. 5 st. sw.t 00 7 st. SWt .01 1 ci. s. 2 cu. 2 s. SW. t 00 1 cir. st. 7 st. SW. t 00 9.04 10 st. NW.* 00 10 St. NW.* 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 8 st. NW.* 00 5.62 9 St.. NW.I 00 9 St. NW.t 00 1 cir. 8 st. NW.t| 00 9 st. NW.t 00 9 st. raw.* 00 9 st. NNE. t 00 9.54 10 st. E.t 10 st. E.t 00 10 St. E.t 00 9 st. E.*| 00 1 ci. 1 ci. st 6 st. E.* 00 1 cir. cum. 8 st. SE.* 00 9.75 8 st. ESE.* 00 8 st. ESE.* 00 9 st. ESE.* 00 2 cir. st. 7 st. ESE.*I 00 10 st. SE.* 00 10 st. SSE.* 00 9.33 3 cir. cum. 3 st . E.* 00 2 cir. cum. 4 s' . E.* 00 2 cir. cum. 5 st . E.* 00 2 cir. cum. 6 st. E.* 00 1 cir. st. 9 st. ESE.* 00 lcir. st. 8 st. ESE.* 00 8.25 10 St. E.* 00 9 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 1 cir. cum. 8 st. E.* 00 10 st. ESE* 00 10 st. E.* 00 9.87 10 st. E.* 00 9 st. E.* 00 lOst. E.* 00 10 st. E. t 00 9 st E.* 00 8 st. E. t 00 9.50 1st. E.t 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 4 cir. 1 st. SE.* 00 2 ci. 2ci. cu. 2 st. SE. t 00 1 cir. 6 st. E. t 00 1 ci. 1 ci. s. 5 s. ESE t 00 3.87 9 st. SE.t 00 9 St. SE.t 00 10 st. 00 1 cir. st. 8 st. 00 1 cir. 7 st. 00 1 cir. 8 st 00 9.54 10 St. NE.* 00 9 St. NE.* 00 10 st. NE.* 00 10 st. 00 10 st. NE. t 00 1 cir. st. 9 St. NE.* 00 9.83 1 cir. 5 st. 00 1 cir. cum. 7 st. N. t 00 1 cir. st. 8 st. N.t 00 9 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 7.79 10 st. 00 10 St. E.t 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. • — 10 st E. t .01 10.00 9 st. NE.t 00 1 cir. 9 st. NE.t 00 9 st. NE.t 00 10 st. E. t 00 10 St. ESE. t 00 9 nim. S. t __ 9.75 10 uim. . — 10 nim. .01 10 nim. . — 10 nim. .— 10 nim. NE.* .04 10 nim. .02 10.00 1 cir. 7 st. NE.* 00 1 ci. 1 ci. st. 6 st. NE.* 00 1 ci. s. 3 cu. 4 s NE.* 00 9 st. NE. tj 00 9 st. NE. t 00 1 ci. cu.4cu.5s. NE. t 00 9.62 10 St. 00 10 st. . — 9 st. E.t 00 10 st. NE.t.— 2 cir. cum. 8 st NE. t . — 10 st. NE. t . 9.95 8 St. NE.t 00 9 st. NE.t 00 1 cir. 7 st. NE.* 00 10 St. I 00 10 nim. • — 8 st. NE.t • — 9.37 10 st. NE.t 00 8 st. NE.t 00 8 st. NE.t 00 4 cum. 5 st. NE. t 00 10 st. NE.t 00 10 st NE. t 00 8.79 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st 00 10.00 4 st. N.t 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. N.* 00 1st. N.t 00 1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 00 8 st, 00 1 cir. 2 cir. st. 4 st. 00 8.41 8.09 8.09 8.12 8.67 9.06 8.88 8.59 308 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. Statement shoicing the amount, Mnd, and direction of clouds, and amount and [Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 10U1 s 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 1a.m. 2 a. m. 3 a, iii. 4 a.m. 5 a. m. 6a n, Date. "43 a □ o c ' a p Amount, kind, and S Amount, kind, and & ! Amount, kind, and c3 Amount, kind, and a Amount, kind, and ♦j 1 Amount, kind, and a direction of clouds. '» direction of clouds. Pc direction of clouds. '.£• direction of clouds. 'g. direction of clouds. 'Z. direction of clouds. 3 '3 P4 '3 u 'o tH Ph Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a o 1 'a. '8 % *3 Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. o 1 Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. o '.& '3 Amount, kind, irad direction of clouds. a i "3 Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a p '3 Ph Ph & u Ph u Ph u Ph 1883. Feb. 1 Feb. 2 Feb. 3 Feb. 4 9 st. D.haz. 9 st. D. haz. 7 st. SW. * D. haze. 3 st. 'oo 00 00 10 st. D.haz. 9 st. D.haz. D. haze. 9 st. D. haze. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 3 st. D. haze. 9 nim. D. haz. 7 st. D. haz. 10 st. 00 'oo 00 Lt. haz. 3 st. D. haz. 7 st. D. haz. D.haz. 8 st. D.haz. 10 st. 00 'oo 00 Lt. haze. 1 st. D. haze. D. haze Lt. haze. 1 st. Lt. haze. 5 st. 00 00 00 00 D. haze. Lt. haze. D. haze. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 Feb. 5 Feb. 6 Feb. 7 Feb. 8 Feb. 9 10 nim. 7 st. D.haz. 4 st. D.haz. D. haz. 6st. D.haz. 10 nim. .02 00 00 00 .01 10 nim. 10 St. 10 st. D. haz. 5 st. D. haz. 10 nim. .03 00 00 00 .01 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. D. haz. 3 st. D. haz. 10 nim. .03 00 00 00 .01 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. 10 nim. .03 00 oo 00 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. 10 nim. .01 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 st. 10 St. 10 nim. .01 00 00 00 .01 Feb. 10 Feb. 11 Feb. 12 -Feb. 13 Feb. 14 10 st. Lt. haze. 2 st. D. haze. 9 nim. 10 nim. 00 00 oo .01 10 st. Lt, haz. 3 st. D.haz. 4 cir. st. 3 st. 10 nim. NV. f 00 00 00 10 st. ' D. haze. 8 nim. 1 St. 10 nim. NW.t 00 06 00 .01 10 st. D. haz. 8 nim. 1 cir. st. 1 st. D.haz. 6 nim. NW.t 00 00 .01 00 10 st. D. haze. 9 nim. 1st, 4 st. 00 00 00 lOst. 10 nim. 2 st. 1st. 00 00 'oo 00 Feb. 15 Feb. 1G Feb. 17 Feb. 18 Feb. 19 10 nim. W. 1 10 st. D.haz. 8 st. D. haz. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 10 nim. W. t 1 cir. st. 1 st. 10 st. D.haz. 9 st. D. haz. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 10 nim. W. t 1 cir. st. 1 st. D.haz. 4 st. D.haz. 10 st. 10 at. 00 00 00 00 3 cum. 5 st. 1 cir. st. 7 st. NW.* 1 cir. st. 4 st. 10 st. J), haze. 9 st. 'oo 00 00 00 1 cum. 9 st. 2 cir. st. 5 st. 2 cir. cum. 2 st. 10 st. Lt. haze. 3 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 1 cir. st. 5 cum. 10 St. 2 st. 3 st. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Feb. 20 Feb. 21 Feb. 22 Fob. 23 Feb. 24 9 st. NW. t 8 st. SSE. t 1 eir. st. 1 cir. st. 1 cir. st. 00 00 00 00 10 st. H¥. t 6 st. S. t 1 cir. st. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 1 st, 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. NW. 1 lcir. lcir. st. 5st. S. 1 1 cir. st. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 1 cir. st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. NWt 1 cir. 2 cir. st. 3 st. 1 St. 1 cir. st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. NW.t 2 cir. 2 cir. st. 3st. Lt. haze. 00 00 00 00 00 10 St. 5 cir. st. D. haze. 2 st. D. haze. o 00 00 00 00 00 Feb. 25 Feb. 26 Feb. 27 Feb. 28 2 st. 10 nim. 00 00 00 01 D. haz. 4 st. D. haz. D. haz. 8 st. 00 00 00 1 cir. st. Lt. haz. 3 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 1 cir. st. Lt. haz. 2 st. D. haz. D.haz. 8 st. D.haz.O 00 00 00 00 1st. Lt. haze. 1 st. D. haze. D. haze. 00 00 00 00 Lt. haze. D. haze. 3 st. 9 st. 00 00 00 00 5.92 6.64 6.11 5.82 4.42 4 .67 Date. 1 p. m. 2 P- m. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. 1883. Feb. 1 Feb. 2 Feb. 3 Feb. 4 1 cir. cum. 1 st. Dense haze. 5 st. 9 st. 1 cir. cum. 8 st. 00 00 00 00 1st. Lt. haz. 6 st. 10 st. 1 cir. cum. 8 st. 00 00 00 00 1st. 1 cir. 5 st. 10 nim. 1 cir. cum. 7 st SW.f sw.t 00 00 00 1 cir. 7 st. 10 nim. 2 cir. 4 St. sw.t sw.t 00 00 .01 00 lci.5st.SW.tD.foa;. 4 cir. 5 st. SW.* 5 cir. st. 3 st. SW.1 00 00 00 ! 1 St. 00 D. haze. D. fog. 00 10 St. SSW."! 00 4 cir. st. 6 st. SW.t 00 Feb. 5 Feb. 6 Feb. 7 Feb. 8 Feb. 9 10 st. 1 st. NW.* 10 st. 2 st. 10 nim. .01 00 00 00 .01 10 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 10 nim. 4 St. 9 St. NW.* 00 00 .01 00 .01 10 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 10 nim. 8 st. 9 st. NW.* 00 00 .01 00 lOst. 2 cir. 9 st. 10 nim. 8 st. w.* 00 00 .01 00 10 st. 3 cir. 1 st. 5 st. 10 nim. 9 st. W.* 00 00 00 .01 00 10 st. 4 cir. 1 st. 3 st. 10 nim. 10 st. w.* .01 00 00 00 Feb. 10 Feb. 11 Feb. 12 Feb. 13 Feb. 14 Lt. haze. 4 st. WNW.* 10 nim. 8 st. NW.t 10 st. 00 00 .01 00 00 5 st. 10 nim. 8 st. 10 st. WW.* 00 | 00 .— NW.Ij 00 00 5 St. 10 nim. 9 st. 8 st. w.* NW.t W.f 00 00 .01 00 00 4 st. 10 nim. 9 st. 1 cir. 4 st. w* w.t w.t 00 00 'oo 00 3 st. 10 nim. 5 st. 1 cir. 4 st. w.* w.t w.t 00 00 00 00 3 st. 10 nim. 1 cir. st. 4 st. 1 cir. 6 st. w.* w.t 00 00 .01 00 00 Feb. 15 Feb. lo Feb. 17 Feb. 18 Feb. 19 10 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 2 st. 10 st. 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 1 cir. 3 st. 1st, 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 9 st. 2 cir. 2 St. 1st. 10 st. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 8 st. W. t 2 cir. 2 ci. st. 1 st. 1st. 10 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 8 st. W. t 3 cir. 3 cir. st. 1 St. 1st. 10 st, 10 St. 00 00 00 00 00 8 st. 7 cir. 1 st. 10 St. 10 st. w t 00 00 00 00 00 Feb. 20 Feb. 21 Feb. 22 Feb. 23 Feb. 24 3 st. 10 st. 10 nim. 1 st. 00 00 00 00 1 St. 10 nim. 4 cir. 4 st. 1 St. 00 00 'oo 1 cir. 1 st. 10 st. 2 cir. 7 st. 00 'oo 00 00 1 cir. 3 st. 10 St. 1 cir. 8 st. sw.t 00 00 00 00 00 1 ci.2ci.st.5st. 10 st. 3 cir. 6 st. sw.t 00 00 00 00 00 1 ci.l ci.st.4st. 10 nim. 1st. 4 cir. 4 st. 1 cir. sw.t 00 00 00 00 Feb. 25 Feb. 26 Feb. 27 Feb. 28 1 st. 2 cir. cum. 6 st. SE. 1 lcir. 7 st. SSW.t 00 00 00 1 cir. 1 st. 1 ci. cum. 4 st. SE. t 1 cir. 8 st. SSW. t 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 1 st. 1 St. 3 cir. cum. 5 st 10 nim. SE.t 00 00 00 .01 1 cir. 1 st. 8 st. 2 cir. 6 nim. SE.t 00 00 00 3 St. 7 cir. 2 st. • 10 st. SE. 1 00 00 00 00 1 cir. 2 st. 5 cir. 2 st. 10 nim. 00 00 00 5.57 5.89 6.14 5.92 6.03 5.92 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 31i> character of precipitation, at TJglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 7 a. m. S a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 m. '3 fl a A a ri a o o o o Q o 4^ Va 43 °43 Amount, kind, and 03 Amount, kind, and 03 43 Amount, kind, and 3 Amount, kind, and 03 43 Amount, kind, and e3 Amount, kind, and 03 43 43« direction of clouds. % direction of clouds. '& direction of clouds. '& direction of clouds. % direction of clouds. |& direction of clouds. "ft a '3 '3 '3 '3 '3 o « » ffl direction of clouds. p. direction of clouds. P< direction of clouds. Pi direction of clouds. ii direction of clouds. Pi direction of clouds. - a CD u P4 o CD U Ah CD fci eg CD o CD H CD u o a < Light haze. 00 2 st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 00 00 Light haze. 00 Light haze. 00 00 00 . 1 cir. 1 st. 00 00 Light haze. 3 st. 00 Light haze. 3 st. 00 Light haze. 1 st. 00 Light haze. 00 1 st. Light haze. 00 lcir. 1st. Lt. haze. 00 00 2 st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Light haze. 5 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 00 Light haze. 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 00 2 st. 00 1st. 00 00 Light haze. 00 00 1 cir. 00 00 Light haze. 5 st. 00 Light haze. 5 st. 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 10 St. W.t 00 10 St. "W.t 00 00 2 st. 00 3 st. 00 2 st. 00 1st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 4st. 00 00 Light haze. 00 00 00 Light haze. 00 Light fog. 00 Light fog. 00 oo 00 90 00 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 00 5 st. 00 4 st. 00 Light haze. 4 st. 00 1 cir. 3 st. 00 1 cir. 9 st. NE.t 00 4 cir. 5 st. NE.t 00 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 3 st. 00 1 St. 00 00 Light haze. 00 00 00 1st. 00 00 Light haze. 00 Light haze. 00 Light haze. 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 00 2 cir. 2 st. 00 5 st. 00 00 Light fog. 00 Lt. haze. Lt. fog. 00 Light fog. 00 1 st. EKE* 00 1 st. ENE.* 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 00 2 st, 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 Light haze. 5 st. 00 Light fog. 00 Light fog. 00 10 st. Light fog. 00 Light haze. 5 st. 00 2 cir. 1 st. 00 00 3 st. 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 1st. 00 3cir. lci.cum. 1st. 00 6 cir. 1 st. 00 00 10 St. 00 10 St. 00 10 et. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 .01 2 cir. oum. 1 St. 00 00 00 00 00 00 .01 3 cir. st. 2 st. 00 4 cir. st. 3 st. 00 Light haze. 5 st. 00 3 cir. 4 st. SE.t 00 lei. 2ci.cu. 3st. SE.t 00 5 cir. 2 st. 00 00 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 2 cir. 6 st. SSE. t . — 4 cir. cum. 2st. SSE.t 00 6 cir. cum. 1 st. 00 2 cir. cum. 1 st. 00 .02 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 9 st. 00 8 st. ENE.t 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 00 2 st. 00 5 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 3 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 1 cir. cum. 1 st. 00 3 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 4 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 .01 1st. 00 1st. 00 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1 cir. 00 00 Light haze. 6 st. 00 5 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 6 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. . — .07 7 st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 00 1 cir. cum. 1 st. 00 1 St. 00 00 10 st. 00 2 cum. 6 st. 00 5 st. 08 10 St. 00 3 cir. cum. 7 st. 00 6 cir. cum. 4 st. 00 .01 3. OS 2.87 2.45 2.77 • 3.64 3.77 .13 7 p. m. 8 p. m. 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11p.m. 12 p. m. Daily means. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 .87 6 cir. 1 st. 1 cir. st. 1 st 1st. 6 cir. 3 St. 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 6 cir. 3 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 1st. 7 cir. st. 2 st. 5 cir. st. 2 st. 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. st. 4 st. 1st. 1st. 1 cir. st. 3 st. 1 cir. st. 2 st. SE.t 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. st. 2 st. 1 St. 1st. 1 cir. st. 7 st. 4 st. NW.t sw.t 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. st. 2 st. 1st. 1st. 8 St. 3 st. 8 NW.t 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. st. 2 st. 1st. 1 St. 1 cir. st. 3 st. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 2.62 2.54 .70 5.54 2.62 5 cir. 3 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 00 00 00 00 00 4 cir. st. 1 cir. 1 st. 2 cir. 1 st. 00 00 00 00 00 2 st. 1st. 1 cir. 3 st. 00 00 00 00 06 2 st. 1st. 6 St. 00 00 00 00 00 3 st. 1st. 1st. 2 cir. 3 st. NE.t 00 00 00 00 00 3 st. 1st. 1 St. 5 St. NE.t 00 00 00 00 00 3.54 3.58 1.20 .45 2.00 Ost. 1st. 4 cir. 2 st. 1 cir. 1 st. NE.t 00 00 00 00 00 9 st, 1st. 5 cir. 2 st. 4 cir. 1 st. NE.t 00 00 00 00 00 8 st. 1st. 1 cir. 4 st. 1 cir. 1 st. w.t 00 00 00 00 00 6 st. 1st. 1 cir. 4 st. 1 cir. 3 st. W.t 00 60 00 00 00 5 st. 1st. 2 cir. st. 4 st. 1 cir. 3 st. W.t 00 00 00 00 00 5 St. 1 St. 3 cir. st. 3 st. 1 cir. 4 St. WNW.t 00 00 00 00 00 6.41 2.04 .25 3.41 1.79 1st. 1st. 4 st. Dense fog. 10 st. E.t eo 00 00 00 00 1st. 9 st. Dense fog. 10 St. E.t 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 1st. Ost. Light fog. 10 st. NE.t E.t 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 1st. 9 st. Dense fog. 10 st. NE.t 00 00 00 00 00 1 St. 1 St. 1 cir. st. 3 st. 8 st. lost. NE.t SE.t 00 00 00 00 00 1st. • 1st. 1 cir. st. 3 st. 2 st. 10 St. NE.t 00 00 00 00 .00 1.00 .20 1.66 3.04 6.54 10 nim. 3 cir. 2 st. 2 cir. 7 st. 1 cir. 2 st. 8 st. SE.t 'oo 00 00 00 10 nim. 3 cir. 5 st. 8 st. 10 st. 8 st. .01 00 00 00 00 3 st. 10 st. 9 St. 2 st. 9 st. SE.t SE.t 'oo 00 00 00 10 st. 10 St. 3 cir. 5 st. 5 st. 8 st. sw.t SE.t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st. Ost. 1st. 4 st. SE.t SE.t 00 00 00 00 00 5 st. 5 St. Ost. 1 St. 3 st. 00 00 00 00 CO 9.37 4.33 7.33 6.79 7.45 1 cir. 5 st. 10 St. 8 st, 1 cir. 1 st. 10 mm. W.* msrw.t 00 00 00 00 6 st. 10 St. 10 st. 1 cir. st. 5 st. 3 cir. st. 3 st. sw.t w.t 00 00 00 00 Ost. 10 St. Ost. 1 cir. 4 st. 4 cir. st. 2 st. W.t W.t 00 00 00 00 00 7 St. 10 st. 2 st. 1 cir. 5 st. 2 cir. 2 cir. st sw.t w.t 3st.O 00 00 00 00 00 Ost. 10 st. Dense fog. 1 cir. st. 8 st. 2 cir. st. 6 st. sw.t w.t 00 00 00 00 00 5 St. 9 St. Dense fog. 9 st. 10 nim. sw.t w.t NNW.* 00 00 00 00 (1.41 5.45 7.91 5.00 9.00 4.48 5.22 4.22 4.48 4.32 3.70 1 1 3.90 322 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABROW, ALASKA. Statement showing the amount, kind, and direction of clouds, and amount and [Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this. 1 a.m. 2 a.m. 3 a. m. 4 a.m. 5 a.m. 6 a. m. a d a p a p Date. o '-♦3 o _o o Amount, kind, and 43 Amount, kind, and a Amount, kind, and d Amount, kind, and •*> Amount, kind, and ci Amount, kind, ar d 1 direction of clouds. '8 direction of clouds. '& direction of clouds. '& direction of clouds. direction of clouds. '3. '3 direction of clouds. p. Ph Ph Ph 0) u Ph 1883. Apr. 1 10 nim. JWW. T . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . 10 nim. .01 10 st. , 10 st. 00 Apr. 2 1st. 00 1st. 00 00 00 00 CO Apr. 3 1st. 00 1 st. 00- 1st. 00 1st. 00 00 00 Apr. 4 00" 00 00 00 00 00 Apr. 5 9 st. NE.t 00 10 nim. ■ — 10 nim. ■ — 10 nim. NNE. t • — 10 nim. ■ — 10 nim. • — Apr. 6 10 nim. . 10 st. , 10 nim. 10 nim. __ 10 nim. ._ 10 nim. Apr. 7 3 cir. cum. 4 st. 00 4 st. 00 3 st, 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 'oo 3 st. 00 Apr. 8 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 5 cir. st. 1 st. .00 4 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 00 1 St. 00 Apr. 9 5 cir. st. 1 st. 00 2 cir. st. 1 st. .00 1 cir. st. 1 St. 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 3 st. 00 Light haze. 3 st. 00 Apr. 10 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Dense haze. 9 st. 00 Dense haze. 9 st. 00 Light haze. 8 st. 00 Apr. 11 10 st. 00 D. haze. 8 st. ENE.t 00 D.haze. 7 st. ENE.t 00 10 st, 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 Apr. 12 9 st. ENE.t 00 9 nim. E.t . — Dense haze. 8 nim. . Dense haze. 6 nim. .01 Light haze. 3 st. . 3 st. 00 Apr. 13 10 nim. |. — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . Dense haze. 4 nim. .01 Light haze. 2 st. . 1st. 00 Apr. 14 D. haze, 4 st. 00 Dense haze, 4 st. 00 Den.-ie bo.ze. 7 st. 00 4 cir. cum. 5 st. 00 5 cum. i st. (0 3 cir. cum. 5 st. CO Apr. 15 3 cir. cum. 6 nim. ■ — 5 cir. cum. 3 nim. • — 5 cir. st. 2 st. ■ — 4 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 7 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 6 cir. cum. 4 st. 00 A;>r. 16 1 cir. st. 3 st. ENE.* 00 5 cir. cum. 4 st. ENE.t 00 9 st. ENE.t 00 10 st. Dense haze. 00 10 St. 00 9 st, ro Apr. 17 00 00 1 St. 00 1 st. 00 00 00 Apr. 18 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1st. 00 1st. CO Apr. 19 10 nim. 01 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. , — 10 nim. .01 Apr. 20 10 st. 00 10 st, 00 10 nim. E * • — 10 st. E.* 1 . — 10 St. 00 lOst. 00 Apr. 21 10 nim. . 10 nim. .01 10 nim. E.t 10 nim. . — 10 nim. 10 nim. ._ Apr. 22 10 nim. , — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. , — 10 nim. L — 10 St. . 10 st. 'oo Apr. 23 2 cir. 2 cir. st. 3 st. 00 5 cir. st. 3 St. 00 5 cir. st. 3 st. 00 3 cir. st. 3 st. 00 2 cir. st. 3 St. 00 10 st. Light fog. CO Apr. 24 lci.st.lci.cu.7st.SE.t .00 9 St. SE.t 00 Dense haze. 8 st. 00 4 cir. st, 4 st. 00 2 cir. st. 3 st. SE. t 00 1 cir. st. 2 st. 00 Apr. 25 10 nim. • — 10 nim. • — 10 nim. • — 10 nim. .— 10 nim. • — 10 nim. Apr. 26 10 nim. .01 10 nim. , 10 nim. t 10 nim. oL- 10 nim. ._ 10 St. ,_ Apr. 27 10 nim. E.t .01 2 cir. cum. 7 nim. !02 1 cir. cum. 6 nim. !oi 10 st. 1. — 10 St. 00 10 St. 00 Apr. 28 9 nim. . — 9 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. L — 10 nim. _ _ 10 nim. . Apr. 29 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 st. '. — 10 st. 'oo 10 St. 00 Apr. 30 10 nim. ■ — 10 nim. ■ 10 nim. • — 10 nim. L — 10 st. • — 10 st. 00 Means. 7.30 7.33 7.16 6.93 6.63 6.66 Date. 1 p.m. 1883. Apr. 1 1 cir. 2 st. Apr. 2 i Apr. 3 I Apr. 4 Apr. 5 10 nim. Apr. 6 Apr. 7 Apr. 8 Apr. 9 Apr. 10 Apr. 1 1 Apr. 1". Apr. 13 Apr. 14 Apr. 15 Apr. 10 Apr. 17 Apr. 18 Apr. 19 Apr. 2!) Apr. 21 Apr. 2 1 Apr. 2:: Apr. 24 Apr. 25 Apr. 26 Apr. 27 Apr. 28 Apr. 29 Apr. 30 Means 10 Dim. 10 nim. 8 cir. 1 st. 3 cir. 1 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 9 St. 10 nim. 1 cir. 1 st. 10 nim. 2 cir. st. 2 st. ENE.t 5 cir. lcir. 6 cir. cum.2st.O 10 nim. 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 1 cir; 8 : 10 st. 10 nim. ENE.> 1 cir. cum. 8 nim. 10 nim. 3 cir. cum. 6 st. 10 st. 10 st. 7.13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .01 00 00 00 2 p.m. 1 cir. 1 st. 10 st. 10 nim. 8 cir. cum. 2 st. 6 cir. 2 st. 2 cir. 2 St. lcir. 1st. ENE.t 2 cir. cum. 6 st. 10 nim. 2 cir. 3 st. 2 cir. cum. 8 nim. 2 st. 1st. 2 cir. 2 st. 3 cir. 3 st. 10 st. lOst, 10 nim. 10 st. 3 cir. 5 st. lOst. 10 nim. ENE. S 10 nim. 10 nim. 5 cir. cum. 4 st. 10 st. 10 st. 0.96 3 p.m. 1 cir. 1 st. 1 cir. 10 st, 10 st. 1 cir. 8 st. 5 cir. 3 st. 3 cir. st. 1 st. lcir. 1st. ENE.t 1 cir. 5 st. 10 nim. 1 cir. 5 st. 3 cir. cum. 7 nim. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 10 st. 01 | 10 st. 00 ; io st. 01 I 10 nim. . 01 10 nim. 10 st. 4 cir. 2 st. 10 st. E." ENE.t 1 cir. cum. 9 nim. 10 st. "W. t 4 cir. cum. 4 st. 10 st. 10 st. 6.90 4 p.m. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 1st, 1 cir. 10 st. 10 st. 1 cir. 7 st. 5 cir. 1 st. 2 cir. st. 3 i s.t 1 cir. 1 st. ENE.t 1 cir. 8 st. 9 st. 1 cir. 7 st. D. fog. 4 cir. cum. 5 st. 2 cir. st. 4 st. NW. t 1 cir. 1 st. 10 st. 10 st. lO.nim. 1 cir. cum. 9 nim. 10 st. 5 cir. lcir. st. 3 st. E." 10 st. 10 nim. 1 cir. cum. 8 nim. 10 st. 3 cir. cum. 5 st. 10 St. 10 st. 7.13 5 p.m. 1 st, 1st. 1 cir. 10 st. 9 st. 3 cir. 2 st, 2 cir. 1 st. 4 cir. st. 4 st. 1 cir. 1 st. at ENE.t 00 00 00 00 .01 1 cir. 7 st. 10 nim. 3 cir. 6 st. D. fog. 5 cir. cum. 4 st. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 10 st. 10 st. 10 nim. 1 cir. cum. 6 st. 10 st. 5 cir. 3 st. 10 St. 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 st. 3 cir. cum. 5 st. 10 st. 10 st, 6.76 6 p.m. 1 cir. 1 st. 2st, 1 cir. io st. 10 St. 2 cir. 2 st. 2 st. 10 st, 1st. 00 I 00 00 I 00 00 00 (10 00 ; 00 ; 00 8 St. 10 St. Lt. haze. Lt. fog. 4 cir. cum. 5 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 1st. 1 cir. 1 st. 10 st. 10 st, 10 nim. 3 cir. cum. 5 St. 3 cir. 4 St. 6 cir. 3 st. 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 9 st. 5 cir. st. 2 st. 10 st. 9 st. 6.43 ?■ o 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .03 00 00 E.* 00 E.t 00 .01 SE.t , 00 00 00 E.t .00 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 323 character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Coutinued. tablo * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right helow ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 7 a.m. 8 a. in. 9 a.m. 10 a. it\. 11 a. in. 12 m. B 1 '3 PH o <£> u P4 3 Ph o u Ph o a < 9 st. 00 9 st. 00 3 cir. cum. 5 st. 00 4 st. 00 1 cir. 3 St. 00 1 cir. 7 st. 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 2 cir. st. 00 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 on 10 St. ■— 10st. W.t 00 lOst. W.t 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. — 10 nim. • — — 10 niiu. t 10 nim. .01 10 nim. t 10 nim. # 10 nim. 10 st. _ 9 St. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. • 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 1st, 00 00 1st. 00 00 1 cir. 00 7 cir. 00 00 Light haze. 3 St. 00 2 st. 00 1st. 00 4 cir. 1 st. 00 5 cir. 2 st. 00 7 cir. 00 1)0 Light haze. 6 st. 00 2 cir. st. 3 st. 00 8 st. 00 2 st. 00 4 cir. st. 3 st. ENE. t .00 4 cir. cum. 2 st 00 00 10 St. 00 4 cum. 5 st. 00 4 cum. 6 st. 00 4 cum. 6 st. 00 7 cum. 3 St. 00 10 st. 00 00 2 st. 00 2 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 3 cum. 5 st. 00 5 cum. 4 st. 00 6 cum. 4 st. 00 7 cum. 3 st. 00 02 2 cir. cum. 1 st. 00 3 st. 00 1 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 5 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 10 nim. ; — 2 cir. 4 st. .01 02 3 cum. 4 st. 00 4 cum. 5 st. 00 6 cum. 3 st. 00 7 cum. 2 st. 00 7 cum. 3 st. 00 5 cum. 5 nim. . — 6 cir. cum. 4 st. 00 5 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 4 cir. cum. 5 st. 00 4 cir. cum. 4 st. .00 3 cir. 6 st. 00 3 cir. st. 4 st. .00 — 2 cir. st. 3 st. 00 3 st. 00 2 st. 00 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 u 00 00 00 3 cir. cum. 00 4 cir. cum. 00 00 1st. 00 1 St. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1 st. 00 2 cir. cum. 1 st. 00 — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. , — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 03 10 6t. 00 10 nim. • — 10 nim. .— 10 st. • — 10 st. 00 lOst. 00 13 10 St. .01 10 st. 00 10 nim. lOst. 10 nim. .01 10 nim. .01 09 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 3 st. 00 2 st, 00 1 St. 00 1 St. 00 1 cir. 00 5 cir. 00 00 3 st. 00 1 cir. st. 2 st. SE.t 00 Lt. haze. 5 st. SE.t 00 6 cir. 2 st. ENE.* 00 1 cir. 9 st. EWE.* .00 10 st. ENE.t 00 10 nira. .01 10 nim. • — 10 nim. ■ — 10 nim. .01 10 nim. • — 10 nim. .01 11 10 St. 00 10 nim. .01 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 nim. # 10 nim. .01 06 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. ('0 4 cum. 6 st. 00 4 cum. 6 st. 00 7 cum. 3 st. 00 05 10 nim. . 10 nim. . 10 nim. . 1 nim. . — 10 st. . 10 st. 00 x0 St. 00 10 at. 00 10 nim. . — 10 st. . — 10 st, 00 lOst. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 lOst. 00 — 6.40 6.30 6.53 6.56 7.16 7.43 .52 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p. m. lip. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. 00 00 00 1st. 00 00 00 4.79 2 st. 00 1st. 00 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 .50 00 00 00 00 00 00 .45 00 00 00 1 St. 00 1 cir. 2 st. 00 3 St. 00 .37 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. • — 10 nim. • — 9.95 10 St. 00 9 st. sw.t 00 1 cir. 8 st. S"W. t 00 1 cir. 9 st. S"W.t 00 1 cir. 8 st. sw.t 00 1 cir. 5 st. SW.t 00 9.66 1 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 00 3 st, 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 5.87 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 2 St. 00 2 st. 00 2 st. 00 3 st. 00 3.12 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 5.79 3 cir. 1 st. 00 6 cir. 2 st. 00 5 St. ENE.t 00 4 st. ENE.t 00 5 st. 00 7 st. ENE.t 00 5.54 9 St. 00 10 St. 00 9 st. 00 9 st. 00 5 st. 00 6 st. 00 8.75 10 st. SE.t 00 10 st. SE.t 00 10 nim. . — 10 nim. ._» 10 nim. . — 10 nim. .0! 8.37 Lt, haz. 7 st. D. fog. 00 Light haze. 6 si . 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 6 st. 00 6 st. 00 6.00 4 cir. 5 st. 00 1 cir. cum. 8 nim. . — 2 cir. cum. 7 nim. . — 1 ci.cu. 9 nim. ENE. t . — 1 ci.cu. 9 nine .ENE.t . — 4 cir. cum. 6 nim. . — 8.70 1 St. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 2 cir. 1 st. 00 2 cir. st. 3 st. 00 3 cir. 3 st. 00 4 st. NE.t .00 5.83 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1 st, ' 00 2.95 1 st. 00 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. CO 1.29 10 st, 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 5.54 10 nim. . — 10 St. ._ 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10.00 10 nim. E.t. 02 10 nim. E.t .02 10 nim. .01 10 nim. • — 10 nim. .03 10 nim. .01 10.00 2 cir. cum. 7 st. 1 00 2 cir. cum. 7 st. 00 10 st. 00 9 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 9.66 5 cir. 2-st. 1 00 5 cir. 1 st. 00 2 cir. St. 5 st. SE.t 00 6 st. SE. t 00 7 st. SE.t 00 6 st. 00 9. 00 4 cir. 3 st. | 00 3 cir. 3 st. 00 3 st, 00 5 st. 00 8 st. SE.t 00 1 cir. st. 6 st. SE. t 00 5.91 10 st, E.t 00 10 st. 00 10 st, 00 10 nim. . — 10 st. . — 10 nim. . — 8.37 10 nim. ■ — 10 nim. • — 10 nim. • — 10 nim. '. 01 10 nim. • — 10 nim. .01 10.00 lOst. E.t 00 10 st. 00 5 cir. cum. 4 st. 00 3 cir. cum. 5 st. E.* 00 2 cir. cum. 7 nim. E.* 2 cir. cum.7nim. E.t .01 9.70 9 st. 00 5 cir. st. 4 st. 00 8 st. 00 2 cir. cum. 2 St. o 00 8 st. 00 8 st. 00 9.20 2 st. 00 1st. 00 1 st, 00 6 st. N.t CO 9 st. 00 10 st. 00 8.16 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. j 00 10 nim. . — 10 nim. — 10.00- 7 St. ENE.t 00 10 st. 00 10 st, 00 2 cir. st. 4 st. E.* 00 10 nim. • — 9 st. ENE.*.— 9. 62. 6.33 6.40 6.30 6.36 j 6.73 6.63 6.76- 324 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Statement shotting the amount, Icind, and direction of clouds, and amount and [Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 1a.m. 2 a. m. 3 a.m. 4 a. m. 5 a, m. 6 a. m. Date. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a o 1 'ft Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a o 1 ft Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. ci o 1 '&- Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a c3 "3. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. ci o "3 'p. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. d o u PH 9 Ph Pm 93 t-. Ph Ph 1883. May 1 May 2 May 3 May 4 May 5 9 St. 2 cir. st. 5 cir. st. 3 st. 1 cir. st. 9 st. 1 cir. st. 9 st. NE.* ESE.t 00 00 CO 00 00 3 cum. 5 st. NE. t 3 cir. st. 1 st. 2 cir. 2 cir. st. 3 st. 4 cir. 4 st. SE.* 1 cir. st. 9 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. NE. t 2 cir. st, 1 st. 2 cir. st. 2 st. 4 cir. st. 3 st. 9 st. S. t 00 00 00 00 00 9 st. NE. t 2 cir. st. Lt. fog. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 3 (iir. st. 2 st. 1 cir. st. 9 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 2 cir. st. Lt. fo "2 st. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 10 st. NE.i g- o . 00 I 10 st. NE. t 00 3 St. 00 I 2 st. 00 2 cir. st. 1 st. 00 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 May 6 May 7 May 8 May 9 May 10 9 st. 10 st. 10 St. 9 st. 10 St. SW.t 00 00 00 10 1 00 1 5 st. SW. t 10 st. 10 st. 9 st. E. t 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 6 st. SW. t 10 st. 10 st. 9 st. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 9 st. .SW. t 10 nim. 10 st. 9 st. SE. t Dense fog. 00 00 00 00 9' st. 10 St. 10 st. 3 cum. 6 st. Dense fog. SW.1 00 9 St. — | 10 St. O'l | 10 st. 00 9 cum. E. t 00 Dense fog. 00 00 00 00 00 May 11 May 12 .'May 13 THay 14 3Iay 15 1 cir. 6 st. 10 st. 10 st. 10 St. lOst. sw.* 00 1 9 St. 00 I 10 St. 00 1 9 St. NE.* 00 [ 10 st, 00 10 St. NBW. t 00 00 10 00 to 10 st. 10 st. 1 cir. st. 8 st. NE.* 10 st. 10 st. NNW. r 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st. 2 cir. cum. 7 st. NE.* 10 st, 10 st. NNW. t 00 00 00 00 00 10 St. 10 st. Lightfoj 8 st. 10 nim. 10 st. E.t 00 00 00 'oo 10 st. 00 10 st. I 00 5 cum. 3 st. E.t 00 10 nim. .03 10 st. 00 May 16 May 17 .May 18 "May 19 May 20 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 nim. 9 st. 10 St. SW.t 00 00 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 st. 1 cir. st. 8 st. SW. t 10 St. S.* ro 00 10 nim. 10 St. 10 St. 5 cir. St. 2 st. Dense fog. 01 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 st. 10 nim. 4 cir. st. 2 st. 4 cir. st. Dense fog.O 01 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 St. 10 nim. 5 cir. st. 1 st. 5 cir. st. Lt. fc g. 'oo 'oo 00 10 nim. '.— 10 st. Light fog. 00 10 nim. .— 3 cir. st. 2 st. I 00 3 cir. st. 2 st. SW. t 1 00 I May 21 May 22 May 23 May 24 May 25 4 cir. cum. 3 st Dense fog. 10 st. Dense fog. lOst. 00 00 00 oo 00 6 cir cum. 1 st. Dense fog. 10 st. 1 cir. st. D. fog. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 3 st. SW. t Dense fog. 10 st. 3cl.s.2ci.cu.2s.SW.t 10 st. W.* 00 00 00 00 00 3 st. 10 st. 10 st. 2 cir. st, 7 st. SW. t 1 cir. st. 9 st. W. t 00 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. Dense fog. 10 st. 3 ci. s. 6 st. Lt. fog. 10 st. 00 I 4 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 OO Dense fog. 00 OO : 10 st. ; 00 00 5 cum. 3 st. SW.t 00 00' 1 10 st. 1 00 May 26 May 27 May 28 May 29 >\Iay 30 10 st. SW.t Dense fog. 1 cir. st. 7 st. S.* 3 cir. Light fog. 10 st. 00 00 00 00 00 9 st. SW.t Dense fog. 9 st. Dense fog. Light fog. 9 st. E.* 00 00 00 00 00 9 st. SW. t Dense fog. Dense fog. 1 cir. Light fog. 1 ci. 2 ci. cu. 3 st. E.* 00 00 00 00 | 00 9 st. SW.* Dense fog. Dense fog. 4 cir. st. Lt. fog. 1 ci. 2 ci. cu. 4 st. E. f 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. Dense fog. Dense fog. 4 cir. st. Lt. fc i cum. 2 st. SW.t g. E.t 00 Id St. j 00 00 ' 5cir.st.3st. Lt.fog. ! 00 00 Lt.haze.5st. Lt.fog.O i 00 00 2 cir. st. 1st. 1 00 00 '' 5 cum. 3 st. 00 | ;May 31 2 cir. cum. 7 st 00 1 cir. st. 9 st. S W. { 00 loir. st. 8 st. SW.t 00 1 cir. st. 8 st, SW.t 00 9 St. SW.t 00 3 cum. 5 St. SW. t 00 31eans. 8.03 7.83 7.06 7.29 7.09 7.41 1 p.m. 2 p.m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. 8 p.m. 1883. May 1 May 2 May 3 May 4 May 5 1st. 5 cir. 1 st. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 1 cir. 1 st. o- 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 3 cir. 3 cir. st. 2 st. 3 cir. st. 1 st. 2 cir. 4 St.. SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 4 cir. st. 5 st. 1 st. 2 cir. 2 cir. st . 1 st. 8 st. SW. t 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 3 cir. st. 5 st. 1st. 3 cir. st. 2 st. 9 st. SW. * 00 00 00 00 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 3 cir. st. 5 st. 2 st. 2 cir. st. 3 st. 9 st. E.* SW.* 00 00 00 00 00 2 cir. st. 1 st. 4 cir. st. 4 st. 5 st. E. * 4 cir. st. 3 st. 8 st. SW. * 00 00 00 00 00 May 6 May 7 May 8 May 9 May 10 10 st. D. fog. 10 nim. 10 st. 4 cir. 2 st. N.* NE.t 00 .02 00 00 00 10 st. N.* 10 nim. 1 st. 10 st. 3 cir. 6 St. 00 .02 00 00 00 10 st. N. t 10 nim. 1st. 10 st. 1« St. 00 .03 00 00 00 10 st. N. t 10 nim. 1st. 10 st. 10 st. 00 .01 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st. 3 st. 10 st, 8 st. NE.* 6 00 00 00 00 9 st. NNE. t 10 st. 2 cir. 1 st. 10 st. 4 cir. 4 st. SW. * 00 00 00 00 00 May 11 May 12 May 13 May 14 May 15 lOst. 9 st. 10 nim. 1 cir. 3 st. 1 cir. 8 st. NE.t N.* 00 00 1.01 ," 00 10 st. Dense fog. 8 st. NE. t 10 nim. 10 St. 8 st. N. t 00 00 .01 00 00 1 cir. 8 st. NE. * 2 cir. 2 St. ME. t 10 nim. 10 st. 3 cir. 5 st. N. 00 00 i)0 00 1 cir. 7 st, NNE. * 3 cir. 1 st. NE. t 10 nim. 9 st. SW. t 10 St. 00 00 .01 00 00 10 st. 4 cir. 4 st. 10 nim. 9 St. 10 nim. NE.* sw.* 00 00 00 10 st. 9 st. NE. * 10 st. 9 st, SW. * 10 st. 00 00 'oo May 16 May 17 May 18 May 19 May 20 Mav 21 May 22 May 23 May 24 May 25 10 nim. 1 10 st. 1 10 St. 9 st. Dense fog. 10 St. 10 st. 1 cir. 9 st. 10 St. 1 'oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 10 st. 9 st. SW.t 9 st. Dense fog. 1st. 10 st. 10 st. ' 1 cir. 8 st. SW. t 10 st. 'oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 nim. 9 st. SW. t 9 st, SW. t 10 st. Dense fog. Light fog. 10 st. 10 st, 9 st. SW. t 10 st. 'oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 1 cir. 8 st. SW. t 10 St. 9 st. 1st. Light fog. 10 st. lost. 9 St. SW.t 10 St. 'oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 st, 9 st. 10 st. 10 st, 1 St. Lisjht fog. lOst, lost. 9 st, 10 st. SW.* SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 10 st. 9 st. SW. t 10 st. 10 st. 2 cir. 1 st, SW. t Lt. fog. Ltfog. 10 st. 10 st. 9 st, SW. t 10 st, 00 00 00 00 00 00 ! oo ! oo 00 00 May 26 May 27 May 28 May 29 May 30 Dense fog. 4 st. SE.1 2 cir. 3 st. 2 cir. 3 cir. st.3st. 6 cir. cum. -3 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 8 st. ESE. t D. fog. 1 cir. 3 St. 4 cir. st. 5 st. 4 cir. cum. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 6 st. D. fog. ESE.t 3 cir. 2 st. 10 st. 1 cir. 8 st. E. t 00 00 ! oo 00 00 Dense fog. 5 st. D.fug. ESEt 4 cir. 2 st. 10 st. 1 cir. 8 st. E. t 00 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 3 st, 4 cir. 3 st. 10 st, 3 cir. 5 st. ESE.t E.t 00 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 00 6 st, E. t 00 4 cir. 3 st. 00 10 st. * 00 2 cir. 5 st. 00 | May 31 9 st. E. " 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 at, 00 Means 6.54 7.16 7.19 7.22 7.45 i 1 7.74 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 325 character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883— Continued. table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 8 a. m. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 3 cir. 3 st. 2 st. 2 st. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 10 st. 10 st 10 st. 10 st. 10 st. Douse fog. 10 st, 10 st. 6 cum. 2 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 at. 10 st, 10 st. 2 Him. 4 st. 2 cir. st. 1 st. w.t Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 2 st. 1 cii. 1 st. 2 st. 3 cir. cum. 2 st. 10 st. 00 I 10 st. Light fog. 00 : 10 nim. 00 i 10 st. 00 ! 10 st. 00 , Dense fog. I 00 i 10 st. 00 | 4 cum. 3 st. 00 lOst. 02 10 nim. 00 ! 10 st. Light fog. 00 10 st. 10 St. 5 cum. 4 st. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 2 st. 10 a. m. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 1st. 2 tir. 1st. 3 cir. st. 2 st. 10 st. 10 st. Light i iO nim. 10 st. 10 st. Dense fog. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 00 8 st. 8 st. 10 st. 01 | 10 nim. 00 i Dense fog 3 cum. D.fog. j 00 10 st. Light fog. i 00 10 st. ! 00 6 cum. 2 st. SW. t 00 Dense fog. 00 4 cum. D. fog. 10 st. Light fog. 10 st. 5 cum. 3 St. SW. t Dense fog. 3 cum. 6 st. 5 cir. st. 2 st. Light haze. 3 cir. 2 St. 5 cum. 2 st. 3 cum. 6 st. SW.t 00 3 st. Dense fog. cir. cum. 1 st. Dense fog. 5 cum. 1 st. 4 cir. cum. 2 st. SW.tl 00 10 st. SW.t 00 row. NNE. w. 10 nim. 10 St. 10 st, 4 cum. 2 st. Light fog. 5 cum. Lt. fog. 10 st. Light fog. 10 st. 7 cum. 2 st. 10 st. t 00 t, 00 00 j 00 (III 00 t, 00 00 I 00 j 00 00 00 00 1st. 5 cir. 1st. 6 cir. cum. 1 st. 10 st. Dense fog. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. 7 cir. cum. Lt. fog 10 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 10 st. 10 st, 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 St. cum. 2 st. Light fog. NNW.t SW.t 4 cum. Lt. fog. 10 st, Light fog. 10 st. 10 st. SW. t 10 st. Dense fog. j 00 5 cum. 3 st. 00 1 cum. Lt. fog. j 00 3 cir.3cir.cnm.3st.O 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 Dense fog. 7 cir. cum. 2 st. Light fog. 5 cir. cum. 2 st. 2 cir. 1 st. 10 st. SW. t 00 10 st. 00 00 00 (10 00 00 .02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 I 00 ! 00 ! 00 j 00 j 00 I 00 I 00 ! 00 I 00 I 11 a. m. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 6 cir. 1st. 1 cir. cum. 6 st. 10 st. 10 st. 10 nim. 1st. 10 st. 7 cir. 3 st. 10 st. 1 cir. 5 st. 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. 7 cum. 2 st. Light fog. NlTW.t SW.t o NE.t SW.t 12 m. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 6 cir. 7 St. 9 St. E.< 10 st. Light fog. 00 10 nim. . 02 1 St. SW. t! 00 lOst. 00 7 cir. 3 st. 00 Dense fog. 10 st. Light fog 10 st. 10 st. 10 st. 00 | Dense fog. 00 7 cir. cum. 1 st. 00 00 00 | 5 cir. 4 cir. Light fog. 5ci.4ci.cu.lst.NE.t SW. t 00 ' 10 st, I I 10 st. 8 st. 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st, 10 st, 10 st. Light fog. Light fog. 10 st. Light fog 10 st, 10 st. 10 st. NSTE.ti 00 NE.t; 00 Loi ill 00 .01 00 00 00 01) 00 00 00 Dense fog. 00 1 cir.2 cir.cura.l st. 00 6 cir. Light fog. 00 ' 5 cir.3 cir.ctun.l st. 00 j 8 cir. cum. SW.t 00 4cir.cum.6st.ENE. J 6.61 6.90 7.32 7.35 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .14 .00 .00 .00 .00 .60 .04 .07 .02 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 . on .00 .00 .00 .00 .30 7 p. in. 8 p. m. Op. m. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p. m. Daily means. 1 cir. 1 st. 6 cir. st. 3 st. 7 st, 5 cir. st. 2 st. 2 st, E.* SW.t 00 00 00 00 .00 1st, 4 cir. st. 2 st. 8 st. 2 st. 1st. E.* 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 2 cir. st. 4 st. 8 St. 4 st. 1 st, ESE.* 00 00 00 00 00 1 St. 3 cir. 4 st. 10 st. 9 st. 8 st. SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 2 cir. 6 st. 9 St. 7 St. 9 St. ESE.t E.t SW.t 00 .00 00 00 00 1st, 2 cir. 6 St. 10 St. 9 St. 9 St. ESE.t E.t SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 3.41 5.41 3.87 5.66 7.91 9 st. 10 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 10 st. 7 cir. 1 st. NNE.t 00 00 00 00 00 9 st. 10 St. 1 cir. 1 st. 10 st. 5 cir. 2 st. NNE.t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st, 10 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 10 St. «8t. NNE.t 00 00 00 00 00 10 St. lOst. 1 cir. 1 st. 10 st. 1 cir. 6 st. NNE.t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 St. 2 cir. cum. 10 St. 7 st. 2 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 St. 2 cir. cum. 3 st. 10 st. 1 cir. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 00 8.91 10.00 5.33 9.75 6.16 10 st, 9 st. 10 St. 6 St. 10 st. E.* SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 10 St. 9 St. lOst. 8 st. 10 nim. 00 00 00 00 10 st, 10 St. 10 st. 9 St. 10 nim. 00 00 00 00 10 st. lost. lOst. 10 St. 10 nim. ESE.t 00 00 00 00 .01 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 st. 10 nim. 00 00 00 .01 10 St. lost. 10 st. 10 St. 10 nim. 00 .01 00 00 9.62 8.37 9.62 9.33 9.37 10 st, 9 st, 10 st. 10 st. 1 cir. 1 st. SSW.t SW.t 00 ou 00 00 00 10 st. 9 st. 10 st. 10 st, 2 cir. 1 st. SSW.t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 9 st. 10 st, 10 st. 1 cir. 1 st. SW.1 00 oo 00 00 00 10 st. 8 st. 10 St. 10 St. 1st. SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 8 st. 10 st. 9 st, 1 cir. 1 st. SW.t s.t 00 .00 00 00 00 10 nim. 9 st. 10 st. 7 st, 1 cir. 1 st. SW.t s.* 00 00 00 00 10.00 9.50 9.87 8.20 2.33 Light fog. lOst. 10 st. 10 St. 10 st. SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 Lit; ht f g. lost. 10 st. 10 St. lOst. SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 10 st. 10 St. 10 st. 10 st. SW.t 00 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 10 st. 10 nim. 8 St. 10 st. SW.t 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 10 st. 10 nim. 10 st. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 10 st. Dense fog. 10 st. 10 St. 00 00 00 00 1.75 7.91 9.58 8.41 9.16 10 st. 9 st. 3 cir. 4 st. 10 St. 2 cir. 3 st. E.t 00 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 10 nim. 3 cir. 4 st. 10 St. 1 cir. 2 st. 00 'oo 00 00 Dense fog. 10 nim. 9 st. 10 st. 2 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 'oo 00 00 Dense fog. 10 st. 1 cir. 7 st. 10 st. 1 cir. cum. 4 st. 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 10 st. 1 cir. 8 st. 10 st. 7 st. Lt. fog. E.t 00 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 9st, 8 st. 10 st. 9 st. s.t 00 00 00 00 00 3.13 5.85 4.91 7.41 6.66 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 9.66 7.83 7.25 7.45 7.87 8.06 1 7.77 7.33 326 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Statement showning the amount, Jcind, and direction of cloiids, and amount and [Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 1 a.m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. • 4 a. m. 5 a.m. 6 a. m. a a a d d a Date. •2 o _o '43 o +3 o Amount, kind, and Amount, kind, and CJ Amount, kind, and ci Amount, kind, and rt Amount, kind, and c3 Amount, kind, and a direction of clouds. % direction of clouds. !& direction of clouds. B 1 direction of clouds. ft direction of clouds. C, direction of clouds p. '5 P4 o o u P4 'o o P4 *3 Pi 1883. Juno 1 10 st. CO 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 June 2 lOnim. . — 10 st. . — 10 nim. Hff.l . — 10 st, NW. t . — 10 st. 00 10 st, 00 June 3 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . 6 cu. 3 cu. st. NW. t . — June 4 10 St. 00 10 nim. • — 10 st. ■ — 10 st. 00 10 st, 00 10 st. 00 June 5 10 st. SSW.* 00 10 st 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st, 00 June 6 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 2 cir. st. 00 1 cir. 00 June 7 2 cir. st. 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 2 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 St. 00 2 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 June 8 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 10 st. Light fog. 00 10 nim. . — June 9 10 mm. • — 10 nim. E.* .01 10 nim. • — 10 nim. .01 10 nim. 1.— i 8 cum. ■ June 10 1 cir. 2 st. 00 1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 00 1 cir. 3 st. 00 1 cum. 5 st. SW. t 00 5 cum. 2 st. 00 3 cir. cum. 2st. SSE. t 00 June 11 4 cir. 3 st. E. t 00 3 cir. 3 st. 00 1 cir. cum. 8 st. E. t 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. . Juno 12 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 Dense fog. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. | 00 10 st. 00 Juno i3 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 nim. .01 10 st. . 10 nim. .— 10 rim. .01 June 14 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. Dense fog. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 June 15 10 st. i 00 10 st. 00 10 st. Light fog. 00 10 st. Light fog. 00 10 st. ! 00 3 cum. 5 st. . — June 16 Dense fog. 1 00 Dense fog. . — Dense fog. . — 10 st. NE. t . — 10 st. . — 10 nim. .01 June 17 Dense fog. ! 00 Dense fog 00 Dense fog. | CO 1 cir. Dense fog. 00 4 cir. Light fog. ! 00 5 cir. st. Lt. Fog. 00 June 18 1 ci. 2 ci. cu. 1 st. 1 00 5 cir. cum. 1 St. 00 1 cir. cum. 9 st. NE.*i 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. ; 00 Dense fog. ! 00 June 19 10 st. E. t 00 10 St. E.* 00 9 st. E* 00 10 nim. E.* • — 10 nim. " E.*.— 10 st. .— June 20 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 10 nim. Light fog. ! .— June 21 1 st. NE.* 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 10 st. E. * 00 Dense fog, 00 Dense fog. 00 June 22 10 st. NE * 00 10 st. NE.* 00 10 st. NE* 00 Dense fog. 00 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — June 23 1 cir. cum. 9 st. E.* 00 1 cir. cum. 6 st. NE.* 00 Dense fog. 00 10 st. Ltfog. N.E.* 00 10 st. NE.t 00 Dense fog. ' 00 June 24 lei. cu. leu. st. 2s. 00 1 cir. cum. 6 st. E.* 00 3 cir. cum. 6 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.- 00 June 25 1 cir. cum. 6 st. E. t 00 2 ci. 1 ci. cu. 3 st. E.* 00 1 cir. 4 st. E.* 00 1 cir. 2 st. 00 5cum.2st. ! 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 Juno 26 1 cir. st. 8 st. E.* 00 4 cir. cum. 4 st. E* 00 lcir. st. 9st. E.* 00 1 cir. st. 9 st. E.* 00 5 cum. 3 st. E.t 00 10 st. E.* 00 June 27 10 nim. '.02 10 nim. .02 10 nim. . Dense fog. , Dense fog. 00 Denso fog. o 00 ] June 28 10 st. SSE.*, 00 10 st. SSE. 1 00 10 st. SSE. 1 00 10 st. SSE. t , 10st, SSE.t 00 3 cum. 6 st. S.t 00 June 29 2 cir. st. 2 st. 00 3 cir. st..2 st. 00 3 cir. st. 2 st. 00 1 cir. st. 2 st. 00 5 cum. 2 st. 00 4 cum. 3 st. ! CO June 30 10 nim. SSE.* . 02 10 nim. W. t .03 1 cir. st. 9 st. W* .02 10 st. W.* 00 10 st. SW. 1 00 6 cum. 3 st. Lt. fog. 1 00 Means . 6.63 7.03 6.80 6.56 7.60 7.46 ! Date. 1 p. m. 2 p. m. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. 1883. June 1 9 st. N. t 00 9 st. ¥HV. t . 00 10 st. W.t 00 10 st. 00 9 st. W. t 00 10 st. W.t 00 June 2 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 1 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 June 3 10 st, 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 June 4 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st, 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 June 5 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Light fog. 00 Light fog. 00 10 st. 00 June 6 00 00 00 00 00 00 June 7 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 June 8 10 st. 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 Juno 9 10 nim. • — 9 st. E.*.— 8 st. E.* 00 1 cir. 1 st. E.* 00 1 cir. 1 st. E.* 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 June 10 1 cir. cum. 8 st. 00 3 cir. cum. 5 st. E. t 00 2 cir. cum. 7 st. E. t 00 4 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 5 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 4 cir. cum. 4 st. 00 June 11 1 cir. 1 st. 00 3 cir. 2 St. NE.t 00 2 cir. 3 st. NE. t 00 1 cir. cum. 5 st. NE. t 00 2 cir. cum. 5 st. NE. t 00 7 st. 00 June 12 10 st. 00 10 st. 1 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st, 00 June 13 9 st. SSE. t 00 10 st. SSE. H 00 10 st. SE.t 00 9 st. SE.t 00 10 st. SE. 1 00 9 st. SE.* 00 June 14 10 nim. • — 10 st. E.*.— 10 st. E.* 00 30 st. E.* 00 10 st. E. t 00 10 st, 00 June 15 10 St. 00 10 st. | 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 June 16 10 nim. , — 10 nim. .— 10 nim. 9 st. E. t . — 10 st. E.t 00 10 st. E. t 00 Juno 17 5 cir. st. 4 st. 00 2 cir. st. 6 st. 00 5 st. CO 1 cir. st. 7 st. 00 8 st. 00 1 cir. st. 5 st. 00 June 18 9 st. NNE.t . — 9 nim. NNE.t.— 10 st. . 9 st. NE.* 00 6 st. ENE.* 00 9 st. E.* 00 June 19 9 st. ENE. t 9 st. NE.* 00 8 st. ENE.* 00 1 cir. 3 st. ENE.* 00 1 cir. 2 st. ENE. t 00 2 st. u 00 Juno 20 1 cir. st. 8 st. ENE. t 00 3 cir. st. 2 st. ENE. t . 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 1 st. 00 1 st. 00 2 st, 00 June 21 10 st. NNE.* 00 9 st. NE. *, 00 9 st. NE.* 00 8 st. NE.* 00 5 st, NE.* 00 8 st. NE.* 00 Juno 22 10 st. 00 10 st. ENE.*, 00 9 st. ENE.* 00 10 st. ENE.*! 00 10 st. ENE* 00 10 st. 00 June 23 10 st. 00 10 Dim .— 10 nim. . 10 nim. 0.— 10 st. .01 8 st. E* 00 June 24 1 ci. cu. 8 st. ENE.* 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 2 ci. cu. 6 st. ENE. * 00 10 St. ENE.* 00 9 st. ENE.* 00 8 st. ENE.* 00 June 25 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 10 st. 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 10 st. j 00 June 2G 10 St. ■ 00 10 St. 00 10 st 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 June 27 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. ; CO June 28 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 ci. 2 ci. cum. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 00 1 cir. 1 cum. st. 00 2 cir. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 June 29 6 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 2 ci. 3 ci. cu. 2 cu. st. S.t 1 st. 00 5 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 6 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 3 cir. cum. 3 st. 00 3 cir. cum. 5 cu. st. 00 June 30 10 st. 00 1 cir. 8 st. SW. t 00 9 st. SW.* 00 2 cir. 6 st. SW.* 00 6 st. SW.* .00 9 st. SW* 00 Means. 7.83 7.73 7.36 7.03 6.73 7.26 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. 327 character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 18S1, to August, 18S3 — Continued. table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above. 1 7 a. m. 8 a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 m. p. u -— < C ■ 5 a a o o a c Amount, kind, and a Amount, kind, and Amount, kind, and -*-i Amount, kind, and Amount, kind, and S Amount, kind, and P = direction of clouds. \ ,g- direction of clouds. g, direction of clouds. 3 direction of clouds. p. direction of cli uds. ~ direction of clouds. .£• £ I 5 ii o e o © 2 1 & Ph Ph Ph £ Ph . 10 nim. ■ — 10 nim. [.— 10 nim. E. *!. 01 10 nim. E.*.— .03 5 cum. 3 st. i 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 00 10 nim. E. f . — 10 nim. Lt. fog. .01 6 ci. 2 s. ENE*. L. fog. .00 6ci.2s.NNE.tL.fogJ 00 1 cir. 1 st. CO 1 cir. 1 00 .01 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. | 00 10 st. i 00 10 st. 00 lost. Light fog. o 00 . 10 nim. . — 10 rim. Lt. fog. .01 10 nim. Light fog. .— 10 nim. ESE.t.— 10 st. SE. t . 10 st. SSE.t 00 .03 10 St. i CO 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. , 00 10 st. uO 10 st. 00 • — 3 cum. 6 St. ENE.t 00 cum. NE. t 00 1 cir. cnm. 9 cu. NE.t 00 9 St. NE.t! 00 8 st. ENE. t 00 9 st. NE.t 00 ,_ 10 nim. NE.t — 10 nim. NE.t . — 3 cum. 6 cum. s. NE. t . — 10 st. 1 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. >.— .01 5 cir. st. Lt. fog. 00 7 cir. st. 1 st. 00 8 cir. s. Is. Lt. fog. 00 8ci.s. Is. Lt. fog. 00 8cir. s. Is. Lt.fog. 00 7 cir. st. 2 st. 00 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense log. 00 8 cum. 00 10 nim. . 8 nim. .— . — 10 St. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. Light fog. 00 Dense fog. ! 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 10 nim. ENE.t.— • — 8 st. Light fog. NE.* 00 3ci. cu.4s. L. fog. 10 St. ENE.* 00 4 cir. 3 st. ENE.* 00 3 cir. 4 cum. ! 00 8 cum. 00 5 cir. 2 cum. 00 00 10 nim. ._ . — 10 st. Light fog. 00 10 nim. .— 10 st. . 9 st. NE.* 00 . 10 nim. .01 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . — 10 st. NE.* — 10 st. NE.* 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 .111 10 st. Light fog. 00 10 st. E.* . — 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 10 st. ENE t 00 10 st. 00 .01 10 St. E.* 00 10 st. ENE." 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 10 st. ENE.*I 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 00 10 st. ENE. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 10 st, ENE.* 00 00 10 st. | GO 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 1 st. : 00 10 st. Light fog. i CO 10 st. Light fog. 00 .03 5 cum. 3 st. Lt. fog.O 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 .1)4 10 st. S.t 00 10 st. ■ S. t 00 G cir. cum. 1 cum. 00 1 cir. cum. st. | 00 lcir. cum. 2 st. ESE.t, 00 2 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 . — 9 cum. st. S. t CO 10 st. 00 10 nim. ■— 10 nim. .03 10 nim. !.03 7 cir. cum 3 st. ■ — .06 6 cum. 2 st. WSW. t 00 4 cum. 3 st. SW. t 00 10 st. SW. t 00 10 st. SW.1 00 10 st. SW. t 00 10 st. SW.1 00 .07 8.63 8.03 7.83 7.53 8.00 7.83 .31 7 p. m. 8 p. m. 9 p.m. 10 p. m. Up m. 12 p.m. Daily means. 8 st. SW.f 00 10 St. SW.t 00 1 cir. 2 st. 00 9 St. NW.t 00 9 St. NW.t 00 10 st. WNW. t 00 9.33 10 St. 00 10 St. 00 10 St. 00 lOst. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10.00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st, 00 9.37 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 lOst. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10.00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 4.16 00 00 1 St. (.0 1 St. 00 1 St. 00 1 St. 00 .33 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 .83 10 St. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 nim. E.t.— 10 st. E.t . — 10 st. E.t 00 10 nim. E.t . — 8.33 1 cir. 1 st. 00 2 cir. 1 st. CO 2 st. , 00 1 cir. 2 st. ou 1 cir. 2 st. 00 1 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 6.95 3 cir. 3 st. 00 8 st. E.t 00 8 st. E.t 00 8 st. E.t 00 6 st. E.ti 00 6 8t. 00 7.41 3 cir. 2 st. 00 4 cir. 3 st. 00 8 st. 00 2 cir. 5 st. NE.* 00 9 st. NE.t; 00 Dense fog. 00 6.62 10 St. 00 9 St. E.t 00 2 cir. cum 6 st. 00 10 st. NE.t 00 10 st. 00 10 nim. . 9.45 4 st. E.* 00 3 st. E.* 00 10st. E* 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. [ 00 10 st. 00 8.50 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 St. E.t 00 10 st. 00 10 st. E.t 00 10 st. 00 10.00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. : 00 lOst. 00 10 st. o ; oo Dense fog. 00 9.25 10 st. NE.t 00 10 st. NE.t 00 10 st. NE.t 00 10 st. : 00 Dense fog. 1 00 Dense fog. 00 7.83 2 cir. st. 3 st. 00 5 cir. st. 3 st. - CO 3 cir. 4 st 00 2 cir. cum. 6 st. 00 4 cir. cum. 3 st. ! 00 3 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 6.04 8 st. E.* 00 9 st. E.* 00 9 st. ENE.* 00 8 st. ENE.* 00 10 St. E.t 00 10 st. E. t 00 6.33 2 st. 00 5 st. E.* 00 6 st. E* 00 10 St. E.i 00 10 st. 00 Dense fog. 00 7.37 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1st. 00 1 St. i 00 1 st. 00 2.91 6 St. NE.* 00 8 st. NE. " 00 10 st. NE.t 00 Dense fog. CO Dense fog. 00 st. NE.* 00 7.16 10 St. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 lost. 00 10 st. 00 10 st. 00 9.54 10 st. 00 10 et. 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 10 st. E.t 00 5 st. ENE. t 00 S.75 3 cir. cum. 4 st. ENE.* 00 4 cir. st. 1 st ENE.* 00 2 ci. cum. 5 st ENE. 1 .00 2 ci. cum. 4 st. ENE. t CO 1 ci. cum. 7 st. ENE. t 00 lei. cum. 4 st. ENE.t 00 8.41 10 st. 00 5 st. ENE.* 00 8 st. ENE.*I 00 7 st. ENE.* 01 9 st. ENE.* 00 9 st. ENE.* 00 8.58 10 st. o j oo 10 St. 00 10 St. 00 10 St. 00 10 nim. . — 10 nim. . 03 9.79 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 Dense fog. 00 10 St. 00 10 sr. E.* 00 2.41 1 cir. 1 st. 00 1 cir. 1 st. 00 2 cir. cum 2 st. 1 00 1 cir. 2 st. 00 1 ci. 1 ci. cum. 2 st. 00 1 cir. 2 st. 00 5.25 9 st. ssw.t oo 9 st. S.t 00 9 St. t 00 10 St. SW.t 00 10 st. SE.t 00 10 st. ESE. t 00 8.12 2 cir. 6 st. sw.* oo 9 cir. 9 st. WSW.* 00 9 st. wsw.*; oo lcir. st. 9 st. WSW.* 00 9 st. wsw.*!. oo 10 st. W.* 00 9.20 6.76 7.06 7.00 6.70 6.86 6.23 7.27 328 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Statement showing the amount, hind, and direction of clouds, and amount and [Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. 6 a.m. Date. Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a o 1 'S *s Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. a o 1 '3 Amount, Mud, and direction of clouds. p !§* '3 Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. p H 'o Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. p IS" Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. p _o -^ p. '3 to to to to u to £ 1883. July 1 July 2 July 3 July 4 10 st. 10 nim. 10 St. 10 nim. E.t 00 'oo .01 10 st. 10 st. E.* 10 st. 10 nim. 00 'oo .02 10 St. 10 nim. ESE.* 10 nim. 10 nim. 06 !o2 .01 10 st. SW.* 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 nim. 00 .02 .01 9 st. WSW. 1 10 st. 10 nim. 10 St. 00 iei 9 st. SW. t 10 nim. 10 nim. 10 St. 00 .01 .01 i 00 July 5 July 6 July 7 July 8 July 9 10 nim. 10 st. E.t 2ci.3ci. s. 3 s. SSW.t 10 nim. S. t 1 cir. st. 4 st. W. t 'oo 00 00 10 St. 10 st, 1 cir. st. 9 st. 9 st. S. t 2ci.2ci. st2st. W.t 00 00 .03 00 10 st. 10 nim. 1 cir. st. 9 St. S. t 10 st. S.t 2 cir. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 .00 00 Dense fog. 10 nim. ~ 10 nim. 10 st. S. t 4 cir. 1 st. 00 .'oi 00 00 Dense fog. 00 10 nim. .— 10 nim. . 01 10 st. S. tl 00 1 cir. 2 st. 00 Dense fog. 10 nim. Light fog. 10 nim. 10 nim. S.t 2 cir. 1 st. 6 00 .01 00 July 10 July 11 July 12 July 13 July 14 Dense fog. 1 cir. 10 st. 10 st. Dense fog. 00 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. i 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. | 00 10 st. 1 00 10 nim. 1 .- 2 st. 1 00 10st.NE.*Densefog. 6 st. NE.* 10 st. 10 nim. 1 cir. st. 7 st. WSW. 1 00 00 00 .01 00 10 st.NE.*Densefog. 3 st. E.* 10 st. 10 nim. 1 cir. st. 5 st. WSW. t 00 00 00 00 Dense fog. 1 cir. cum. 2 st. E. t 10 nim. 10 st. 3 st. 00 00 'oe Dense fog. u 00 leuni. 2 st, E.i 60 10 nim. 6 . — 10 St. Light fog. 60 3 st. 00 July 15 July 16 July 37 July 18 July 19 9 st. Dense fog. Dense fog. 2 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 2 ci. 1 ci. cum. 2 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. Dense fog. Dense fog. 4 cir. st 1 st. 2 ci. 2 cir. cum. 2 St. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st, Dense fog. 5 cir. st. 1 st. 3 cir. 2 cir. cu. 2 st. 00 | 10 st. 00 10 St. 00 1 cir. Dense fog. 00 4 cir. st. 1 st. 00 | 3ci. lei. cu. 3 s. SSE1 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. Dense fog. 4 cir. 2 st. Lt. fog. 2 cir. 1 st. 4 cir. st. 1 st. 00 00 00 00 00 io st. u oo Dense fog. ' 00 ci. s. 1 st. Lt. fog. 00 2 cir. st. 1 st. 00 3 cir. st. 2 st. 00 July 20 July 21 July 22 July 23 July 24 1 cir. st. 8 st. E.* Dense fog. 10 st. Dense fog. 10 st. NE.* 00 00 'oo 00 10 st. E.* Dense fog. 9 st. ENE. t 1 cir. 6 st. E.* 10 st. ENE.* 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. Dense fog. 9 St. NE. t 9 st. E.* 10 nim. ENE * 00 10 St. 00 i Dense fog. 00 9 St. N E. t 00 Dense fog. .— 1 10 nim. ENE.* 00 00 00 00 .01 10 st. Dense fog. 3 cum. 5 st. E.* Dense fog. 10 nim. 00 , 10 st. E. t 00 00 Dense fog. o : 00 00 2 cum. 7 st. E. t 00 00 9st,E.* Light fog. 00 .— ; 10 nim. 0'.— July 25 July 26 July 27 July 28 July 29 1st. 1 cir. st. 2 st. E* 3 cir. 3 cir. st. 2 st. Dense fog. 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 9 st. E. * 1st. 2 cir. 2 cir. st. 4 st. S.t 10 st. ENE.* 00 00 00 00 00 1 st. Dense fog. 1st. 9 st. 1 cir. 9 st. E.* 00 1 st. 00 ' Dense fog. OS | 1 st. 00 9 st. 00 | 10 st. E.* 00 00 00 00 60 1 st, Dense fog. 2 eir st. 7 st. 10 st. 00 2 st. 00 00 ' Lt.haz. 5st.E.*Lt,fo£:. .no 00 00 00 10 st. 00 00 ' 10 st. Light fog. 00 July 30 July 31 10 st. E.* 2 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 00 00 10 st. E.* 2 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 00 00 10 st. E.* 1 cir. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 00 10 st. E* 00 2 cir. 2ci.st 1st. E.* 00 10 st. E.* 3 cir. st. 2 st, E. t 00 l 10 nim. 00 2 cir. st, 6 st. E.* 00 Means - 5.77 6.77 7.51 6.83 5.96 6.64 Date. 1 p. m. 2 p.m. 3 p. m. 4 p. m. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. 1883. July 1 July 2 July 3 July 4 10 st. 10 nim. Dense fog. 10 nim. 00 'oo 10 st. 10 nim. 2 st, SW. Dense fog. t 10 nim. 00 .01 00 .01 10 St. 10 nim. 10 st. SW. 1 10 nim. 00 .03 00 10 st. 10 nim. 1 cir. 7 st 10 nim. 00 .04 .00 .01 8 st. Light fog. 10 nim. Dense fog. Dense fog. 00 .02 00 8 st. Light fog. 10 nim. 5 cir. 4 st. Dense fog. 60 .03 00 July 5 July 6 July 7 Jnly 8 July 9 9 st. 10 nim. 1 cir. 9 st. 10 st. 1 cir. st. 1 st. E.* 00 .02 00 00 00 1 cir. 8 st. D. fog. 1 00 10 nim. OL- IO st. 00 10 st. W.*, 00 8 st. E.* 00 2 cir. 6 st. WSW. t 10 st. 10 st. 9 st, W.* 9 St. ENE.* 00 .01 00 00 00 10 st. W. t Dense fog. 10 st. 10 st. W.* 9 st. ENE.* 60 00 00 00 00 10 st. Dense fog. 10 St. 10 st. W. v Dense fog. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. | 00 Dense fog. 00 10 st. S. t 00 10 st. W.*i 00 Dense fog. 00 July 10 July 11 July 12 July 13 July 14 10 st. NNE.* Dense fog. Dense fog. 10 st, WSW. t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. NE.* 1 num. Danse fog. Dense fog. 8 st. WNW. t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. NE.* 1st. Dense fog. Dense fog. 1 cir. 7 st. WNW. t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 1st. 10 st. Dense fog. 2 cir. 7 st. W. t 00 00 00 00 00 3 st. E.* 1st. 10 st Dense fog. 3 cir. 6 st SW. t 00 00 00 00 00 2 st. E.* 1st 10 st. 10 st. 9st 00 00 00 00 00 July 15 July 16 July 17 July 18 July 19 10 st. 10 st. 2 cir. 6 st. SE. t 1 cir. 2 cir. 2 cir. cum. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st. 9 st. ESE. i 1 cir. 2 cir. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 10 st. 10 st. ESE.t 1 cir. 2 cir. 00 00 00 00 00 1C st. 10 St. 8 st. ESE. t 1 cir. 1 st 2 cir. 1 cir. cu. 1 st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. N. t 10 st. 8 st. ESE. t 1 cir. 1 st. 2c. lei. cu.4s.ESE. t 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. 00 10 St. 1 00 9 st. ESE.t 00 2 cir. 00 9 nim. ESE. ' . 02 July 20 July 21 July 22 July 23 July 24 10 st. E.*.— 2 cir. cum. 7 st. NE. t 00 10 St. 00 1 st. 00 Dense fog. 00 10 st. ENE.* . — 9 st. NE.t! 00 lOst. NE.* : 00 1 St. 1 00 1 cir. 1 st. ENE. t 00 10 nim. 10 st NNE. t 10 st. NE.* 2 st. 1 cir. 1 st. .01 00 00 00 00 10 st. ENE.* 10 st. NNE.t 10 st, ENE.* 1st. 1 st. 00 00 00 00 10 st E.* 10 st NNE.t 9 st, ENE.* 1st. 1st. 00 00 00 00 00 10 st. E.*.— 10 st. NNE.t 00 2 cir. cu. 4 st. ENE. t no 1 st. 00 1 St. ; 00 July 25 July 26 July 27 July 28 July 29 1st. 1 cir. 7 st. ESE.* 4 cir. st. 2 st. 1 cir. 1 st. 1 cir. 9 st. NE.* 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 1 st. ESE.* 2 cir. st. 3 st. 1 st. 2 cir. 6 st. NE.* 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 2 st. E.* 3 cir. st. 1 st. 1st. 3 cir. 6 st NE.* 00 00 00 00 00 1st. 1 st, E.* 2 st. 1 cir. 1 st, 10 st. NE.* 00 60 00 00 00 1 st. 00 | 00 2 st. 1 00 1 st. 00 10 st ENE.* 00 1 St. 00 1 St. 1 00 2 cir. 1 st. 00 1 st. " 90 10 st. ENE.* 00 July 30 July 31 9 St. ENE.* 00 10 st. E.* 00 10 st. ENE.*. 00 3 cir. 2 cir. s. 3 st. E.*j 00 10 st. NE.* 2ci. 2ci.s. Is. ENE.* 00 00 9 st. ENE.* 1 ci. 3 ci s. 2 s. ENE.* 00 00 10 st. ENE.* 00 7 st. E.* 00 4 cir. 3 st. ENE.*! 00 9 st. ENE. on Means. 6.38 6.32 6.58 6.58 5. 48 6. 09 EXPEDITION TO TOINT BARROW, ALASKA. 329 character of precipitation, at Uglaavnie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount oi' clouds on the riyht below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 7 a m. 8 a. m. !) a. in. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 m. 'o u nil p ! « a '" a a 1 o © ! ° o o *.n S3 i "43 ••a = | Amount, kind, and Amount, kind, and j -§ Amount, kind, and Amount, kind, and +> Amount, kind, and Amount, kind, and direction of clouds. 4^ +» « direction of clouds. Pi direction of clouds. ! a direction of clouds. p. direction of clouds. P. direction of clouds. p< P. c o 5 o o o (*) 0.73 0.44 1.17 1882. 1883. 0.44 0.04 0.51 0.39 0.44 O.fil 1.39 1.46 1.10 1.05 0.34 0.24 8.01 0.14 1.02 0.14 0.55 0.31 0.30 1.04 1.66 (*) (*) (*) (*) 5.16 * Not measured. SOLAR RADIATION. Observations on solar radiation were made with a pair of maximum thermometers, one black and one bright bulbed, in vacuo, exposed horizontally on a post 4 feet high on the knoll southwest of the station. They were mounted side by side in a movable frame so that they could be brought into the house in stormy weather. These thermometers were exposed for a short time on Novem- ber 13 and 14, 1882, just before the departure of the sun, but the latter was too near the horizon to produce any sensible effect. Lin the return of the suu, January 29, 1883, they were exposed every day not stormy from sunrise to sunset, the indices being set and read at sunrise and read again at sunset, till February 19, and about midnight, Washington time, until May 14th, when, the sun being continually above the horizon, they were set at local midnight and read at Washington mid- night. This was continued till the closing of the station. Statement shounng the solar radiation at Uglaamie from February, 1883, to August, 1883. [A pair of maximum thermometers, one black and one bright bulbed, exposed for solar radiation. Washington time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h . 17 ">. ] Date. Time of observation. 1883. Feb. 1. Feb. 2. Feb. 3 Feb. 4 Feb. 5. Feb. 6. Feb. 7 Feb. 8. Feb. 9. Feb. 10. Feb. 11. Feb. 12. Feb. 13. Feb. 14. Feb. 15. Feb. 16. Feb. 17 Feb. 18. Feb. 19 Feb. 20. Feb. 21 Feb. 22 Feb. 23 Feb. 24 Feb. 25 Feb. 26 Feb. 27. Feb. 28. 3 00 p.m. 3.00 p.m. C) 3.00 p. m (*) 2.30 p.m. 5.45 p. m. 3.U0p. m. 3.00 p.m. 3.50 p.m. 2.30 p.m. (*) 2.00 p. m 2.45 p.m. 3.00 p.m. 1 45 p. m 2 00 p. m 1.15 p.m. 1.15 p. m. 1.15 p. m. 1.20 p.m. 1.15 p. m. 12.50 p.m 12.25 p.m. 12.30 p.m. 12,25 p. m 12.20 p. m. 12.20 p. m Black bulb. Bright Differ- bulb. I ence. Time. - 5. 2 ! — 6. 2 (*) (*) 6.0 I 5.8 (*) (*) 0.2 31.2 1.0 32.6 ' —11. —10.4 (*) — 4.0 — 4.6 — 7.6 — 11.0 | — 2.2 3.5 : — 1.0 —17. -13. 1 —25.3 24. 2 —28.6 — 2G.2 -36.8 -23. 8 -3.2 — 0.4 29.0 0.0 32.4 —16.0 —15.0 (*) —13.2 —10. 8 —13. 7 —26. 1 — 9.2 3.0 — 1.6 —17.5 —13.6 —27.9 —26.3 —34. 5 —28.8 —40.0 —25. 2 — 3.5 0.0 1.0 (*) 0.2 <*> 0.6 2.2 1.0 0.2 5.0 4.6 (*) 9.2 6.2 6.1 15.0 7.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 2.6 2.1 5.9 2.6 3.2 1.4 0.3 8.00 p.m 7.30 p.m (*) 8.30 p.m (*) 10.00 p.m 7.00 p.m 8.00 p.m 6.00 p. m 8.15 p. m 9.00 p. m (*) 10.00 p.m 10.00 p.m 10.15 p. m 9.10 p.m 9.00 p.m 11.00 p.m 11.00 p.m 12 m 12m 12 m 12 m 12m 12 m 12m 12m 12 m Black bulb. 13.8 5.2 (*) 14.2 (*) 20.5 47.8 6.2 60.0 1.4 25.6 <*> 19.7 31.7 17.8 11.4 48.5 17.0 21.8 7.8 -1.2 41.6 3.5 39.8 49.4 40.8 42.0 49.6 Bright Differ- bulb. ence. -2.5 2.2 (*) 11.0 (*) 4.0 30.4 4.5 45.0 -10.8 0.0 n -3.4 0.8 -1.7 -6.0 9.6 11.7 10.4 -6.0 -6.0 7.5 -11.5 0.3 7.4 -2.4 3.0 21.4 16.3 3.0 <*) 3.2 C) 16.5 17.4 1.7 15.0 12.2 25.6 <*) 23.1 30.9 19.5 17.4 38.9 5.3 11.4 13.8 4.8 34.1 8.0 39.5 42.0 43.2 39.0 28.2 Weather. Clear. Fair. Light snow. Cloudy. Lightsnow. Fair. Fair. Light snow. Cloady. Fair. Clear. Light snow. Fair. Cloudv. Cloudy. Fair. Clear. Cloudy. Cloudy. Fair. Cloudy and light snow, Clear.' Fair. Clear. Clear. Fair. Cloudy. Cloudy. * Not exposed. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKBOW, ALASKA. 333 Statement showing the solar radiation at Uglaamie from February, 1883, to August, 1883 — Continued. n„+<. Time of Black i Bright. ' Differ- I „. „ Black I Bright I Differ- JjaTe- | observation. | bulb i bulb. I once. I bulb. bull). I once. 1883. Mar. 1 Mar. 2 Mar. 8 Mar. 4 Mar. 5 Mar. 6 Mar. 7. Mar. 8. Msr. 9 Mar. 10. Mar. 11. Mar. 12 Mar. 13 Mar. 14 Mar. 15 Mar. 16 Mar. 17. Mar. 18 Mar. 19 Mar. 20 Mar. 21 Mar. 22. Mar. 23. Mar. 24. Mar. 25. Mar. 20 Mar. 27. Mar. 28. Mar. 29. Mar. 30. Mar. 31. I 12. 10 p.m. ! 12 in : 12 m . .. : 11. 15 a. m 12. 10 i». n 11. 50 a. in 11. 50 a.m. 11. 50 a. in. 11. 20 a. m 10 55 a. m 11 55 a.m. 10. 55 a. m 11.15 a.m. 11.20 a.m. J 11.25 a.m. 11. 25 a. m. 10. 48 a. m 10.48 a. ni. 10.48 a. in 10.50 a.m. 10. 48 a. m 10. 48 a, m (t) 10. 25 a. m 10.25 a.m. 10.25 a.m. 10.25 a.m. 10.25 a.m. 10.25 a. m. 10.25 a.m. —20. 5 — 3.0 —32. —35.0 —29. 5 —40.0 -41.0 —29. 1 —37. 5 -29. 5 —20.5 — 3.2 —32.0 —36.0 —30.0 '-50.0 '—55. 38. J —10. ■21. 2 ! —22. I —29.0 I -30.0 i —34. i —35. 6 ! —33. 5 I —34. —18. i —18. 5 — 10. 5 —17. —21.0 —22.0 —26 —26.8 —25. 3 —26. -10.5 -6.5 (t) - 0.5 18.3 20.0 14.8 -3.5 —17.0 — 7.5 (t) — 1.0 18.0 7.3 20.0 —10.0 14.5 — 4.0 1.2 0.0 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.5 10.0 14.0 2.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.5 1.0 (t) 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 12 m .. 12 m .. 12 m . 12 m . 12 m . . 12 m .. 12 m .. 12 m .. 12 m.. 12m .. 12 m .. 12m .. 12 m .. 12m .. 12m .. 12 m .. 12 m . . 12 m .. 12m .. 12 m .. 12 m .. 12 m . . (t) 12 m .. 12m .. 12 m .. 12 m.. 12m .. 12m.. 12 m .. 55.0 44.6 49.8 52.3 49.7 51.1 42.2 45.5 50.0 51.6 56.2 50.2 63.3 61.5 55.8 70.4 53.2 66.3 33.8 27.8 (t) 81.5 101.7 48.5 67.1 51.3 107.0 92.0 Weather. 12.0 2.0 8.0 10.7 13.0 - 1.8 1.3 ! 4.0 ' 7.4 3.0 I 19.3 I 18.5 ! 11.2 [ 24.0 19.4 25.0 I 12.8 19.8 ' 9.7 I 8.8 ! (t) | 35.2 55.2 33.2 39.7 23.4 61.4 41.3 ! 43.6 42.6 41.8 41 6 36.7 42.3 35.4 47.3 48.7 47.6 48.8 27.2 44.0 43.0 44.6 Clear. Fair. Clear. Clear. Clondy. Clear. Fair. Clear. Clear. Clear. Clear. Fair. Clear. Clear. Fair. 45. 2 Clear. 48.9 Clear. 45.4 Clear. 40.4 ' Clear. 46. 5 Fair. 25.1 19.0 (t) 46.3 46.5 15.3 27.4 27.9 45.0 50.7 Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Fair. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Fair. 1883. Apr. 1 Apr. 2 Apr. 3 Apr. 4 Apr. 5 Apr. 6 Apr. 7 Apr. 8 Apr. 9 Apr. 10 Apr. 11 Apr. 12 Apr. 13 Apr. 14 Apr. 15 Apr. 16 Apr. 17 Apr. 18 Apr. 19 Apr. 20 Apr. 21 Apr. 22 Apr. 23 Apr. 24 Apr. 25 Apr. 26 Apr. 27 Apr. 28 Apr. 29 Apr. 30 10.15 a.m. 9.55 a. m 9.45 a.m. 9 48a.m. 9.48 a.m. 9.50 a. m. 9.48 a. m 9.40 a.m. 9.20 a. m. 9.20 a m. 9.25 a.m. 9.25 a.m. 9.25 a. m . 9.25 a.m. 9.17 a. m 8.30 a.m. 8.30 a. m 8.30 a. m 8.30 a.m. 8.S0 a. m. 8.30 a.m. 8.30 a.m. 8.30 a. m . 8.30 a.m. 8.30 a. m 8.30 a. m 8.30 a.m. 7.42 a.m. 7.42 a.m. 7.42 a. m . 18.0 —18.5 0.5 -22.0 —22.5 0.5 -24. 8 —24.8 0.0 -25. —25.0 0.0 - 7.3 — 7.8 0.5 - 8.0 — 8.5 0.5 -14.7 —15.0 0.3 -24.7 —25.0 0.3 -17.0 —18.0 1.0 - 6.0 — 6.0 0.0 - 6.0 — 6.0 0.0 - 6.0 — 7.0 1.0 -10.0 —10.5 0.5 - 6.0 — 6.0 0.0 - 3.5 — 4.0 0.5 -21.6 —22.0 0.4 -25.8 —26.0 0.2 -29.0 —29.5 0.5 - 9.0 — 9.5 0.5 4.2 4.0 0.2 9.0 8.8 0.2 - 3.0 - 3.0 0.0 - 8.8 — 9.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.5 9.0 9.0 0.0 9.2 9.1 0.1 3.0 2.8 0.2 7.0 6.8 0.2 6.2 6.0 0.2 4.0 3.5 0.5 12 m . 12 m. 12 m . 12 m. 12 m . 12 m . 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m . 12 m. 12 m . 12 m . 12 m. 12 m . 12 m . 12 m . 12 m . 12 m. 12 m. 12 m . 12 m . 12 m. 12 m. 12 m . 12 m 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 78.4 27.4 51.0 1 65.0 25.1 39.9 ; 79.8 31.4 48.4 71.7 25.8 45.9 39.0 15.8 23.2 1 52.0 15.8 36.2 I 72.5 23.5 49.0 70.8 30.7 40.1 72.7 28.2 44.5 83.4 34.2 49.2 50.6 19.5 31.1 44.0 20.0 24.0 78.7 36.0 42.7 73.8 34.6 39.2 100.7 50.4 50.3 83.3 29.7 53.6 85.2 35.2 50.0 41.8 10.0 31.8 42.7 19.7 23.0 67.6 32.6 35.0 99.6 41.8 57.8 92.7 43.3 49.4 86.2 41.1 45.1 67.0 33.9 33.1 52.3 28.8 23.5 78.0 36.7 41.3 93.9 45.7 48.2 109.0 57.4 51.4 54.2 30.0 24.2 94.4 44.1 50.3 Clear. Clear. Clear. Clear. Cloudy. Cloudy. Fair. Fair. Fair. Fair. Cloudy. Cloudy and light snow. Fair. Cloudy and light snow. Fair. Clear. Clear. Cloudy and light snow. Cloudy. Cloudy and light snow. Cloudy and light snow. Cloudy. Fair. Cloudy. Light snow. Cloudy and light snow. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. " Approximated. Mercury apparently frozen. t Disturbed by natives. 334 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Statement showing the solar radiation at Uglaamie from February, 1883, to August, 1883 — Continued. Date. Time of observation. Black bulb. Bright bulb. Differ- ence. Time. Black bulb. Bright Differ- bulb. ence. Weather. 1883. May- May May May May May 6.. May 7.. Hay 8.. May 9.. May 10.. May 11.. May 12... May 13 . . . May 14 . . . May 15... May 16.. May 17... May 18... May 19. . May 20.. May 21... May 22... May 23 . . . May 24... May 25. . . May 26. . . May 27 . . . May 28... Mav 29 . . . May 30... May 31... 7.20 a, m. . . 7.20 a.m... 7.20 a.m... 7.20 a.m... 6.45 a.m... «.45a. m... 6.40 a.m... 6.40 a.m... 6.40 a.m... 6.20 a.m... 6.20 a.m.. - 6.20 a.m.-. 5.25 a. m... 5.17 a.m... 5.17 a.m... 5.17 a.m... 5.17 a. m... 5.17 a. m... 5.17 a.m... 5 17 a. m.-. 5.17 a.m... 5.17 a.m... 5.17 a. m... 5.17 a.m... 5.17 a. m... 5.17 a.m... 5.17 a.m... 5.17 a. m... 5.17 a.m... 5.17 a. m .. 5.17 a.m... -12.0 -8.5 -4.5 -1.0 10.0 28.1 14.8 18.5 22.0 18.6 25.0 22.0 23.5 23.6 22.6 27.0 27.0 22.0 12.2 16.5 20.0 24.0 24.0 31.5 , 32.4 28.8 29.8 30.2 44.2 29.6 31.2 -12.2 -8.5 -4.5 -1.0 16.0 28.0 14.8 18.4 21.8 18.5 25.0 22.0 22.5 23.5 22.5 27.0 27.0 22.0 11.2 16.0 19.8 23.8 23.6 31.0 31.9 28.0 28.5 28.0 34.0 29.2 30.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.3 2.2 10.2 0.4 1.2 12 m 12 m . 12m . 12 m . 12m . 12 m . 12 m 12 m . 12 m . 12 m 12 m . 12 m 12 m . 12 m . 12 m 12 m 12 m. 12 m 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m . 12 m 12 m. 12 m . 12 m. 12 m'. 12 m. 12 m . 12 m . 12 m 93.0 96.6 101.2 99.7 114.8 100.9 65.5 115.1 66.0 109.2 104.8 102.7 72.8 120.4 99.3 70.7 106.7 62.3 83.3 109.5 89.0 78.0 96.3 109.2 119.6 87.3 112.7 105.0 103.7 44.0 49.6 48.5 51.5 71.2 56.0 39.8 72.8 44.8 63.3 63.0 41.8 62.7 40.0 44.1 28.7 73.6 46.8 56.6 42.7 47.9 22.8 62.0 44.7 39.9 22.4 49.7 33.6 69.6 39.9 35.6 25.1 58.7 40.0 56.8 32.2 55.4 22.6 61.7 34.6 68.7 40.5 85.0 34.0 57.4 29.9 71.8 40.9 69.9 35.1 63.8 39.9 49. Clear. 47. Fair. 52. 7 Clear. 48. 2 Pair. 43. 6 Cloudy. 44. 9 Cloudy. 25. 7 Cloudy & heavy snow. 82. 3 Clear. 21. 2 Cloudy. 45. 9 Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy and. light snow. Heavy snow & cloudy. 42. 7 | Cloudy and light snow. Cloudy and light snow. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Clear. Cloady. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Fair and light snow. Fair. Cloudy. Fair. Cloudy. Cloudy. 1883 June June June June June June 6 June 7 . June 8. June 9. June 10. Juno 11. June 12 Juno 13. June 14 June 15. June 16. June 17. June 18. June 19. June 20. June 21. June 22. June 23. June 24. June 25. June 26 June 27. June 28. June 29. June 30. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a m. 5 17 a. m . 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m . 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 31.2 | 30.0 30.0 29.2 27.0 26.5 20.2 19.9 24.8 24.5 49.5 37.0 45.0 36.2 30.2 29.0 30.2 28.0 48.4 33.8 27.5 26.2 30.0 29.5 32.6 32.0 32.5 31.8 31.5 31.0 32.8 30.6 29.8 26.5 30.4 29.5 31.6 30.0 29.6 28.0 30.2 29.4 28.8 27.2 31.4 30.6 34.2 33.8 36.0 33.0 50.2 40.5 34.5 33.8 35.8 35.2 64.2 49.0 40.8 I 39.6 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.3 12.5 8.8 1.2 2.2 14.6 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 2.2 3.3 0.9 1.6 1.6 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m 12 m. 12 m 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 0.8 12 m. 1.6 12 m. 0.8 12 m. 0.4 3.0 9.7 0.7 0.6 15.2 1.2 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 103.7 63.8 39.9 73.3 50.8 22.5 87.0 49.7 37.3 93.6 59.3 34.3 79.4 47.7 31.7 112.9 76.6 36.3 90.3 61.3 29.0 95.0 60.0 35.0 112.3 69.9 42.4 110.6 73.6 37.0 109.8 72.8 37.0 103.4 69.0 34.4 109.7 70.2 39.5 70.9 49.5 21.4 73.5 50.4 23.1 114.2 73.7 40.5 109.2 71.5 37.7 97.3 64.0 33.3 107.2 71.3 35.9 112.5 77.3 35.2 i 108. 73.0 35.0 64.7 46 7 18.0 67.6 48.7 18.9 ' 108. 2 70.5 37.7 ; 107. 1 68.6 38.5 59.7 40.5 19.2 85.3 58.0 27.3 119. 7 86.2 33.5 ; 118.7 84.7 34.0 112.3 69.2 43.1 Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Foggy. Clear. Foggy. Cloudy. Fair. Cloudy. Fair. Cloudy. Cloudy and light snow. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Fair. Cloudy. Cloudy. Clear." Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudv. Foggy. Fair. Cloudy. Cloudy. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA. ;;35 Statement shoiving the solar radiation at TJglaamie from February, 1883, to August, 1883 — Continued. Date. 1883. July July July July 4 July 5 July 6 July 7 July 8 July 9 July 10 Julv 11 July 12 . July 13 July 14 . July 15 . July 16 . July 17 . July 18 . July 19 July 20 . Julv 21 . July 22 . July 23 . July 24 . July 25 . July 26 . July 27 . July 28 . July 29 . July 30 . July 31 . Time of observation. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. ru. 5 17 a. m 5.17 a. m 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. i 5. 17 a. m j 5.17 a. m. ! 5.17 a. m 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. in. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. ni. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. m 5.17 a. m. 5 17 a. in 5.17 a. m. 5.17 a. in. 5,17 a. in. 5.17 a. m. 5 17 a. to . 5.17 a. m 5.17 a. m. Black bulb. 33.5 34.5 35. 8 36.5 33.6 34.5 38.8 47.5 57.2 30.8 56.0 31.5 34.0 37.2 35.7 33.5 29.6 55 5 57.0 35.8 32.8 31.2 30.4 30.4 50.0 31.5 41.5 34.0 30.5 29.8 29.6 Bright bulb. 33.0 34.0 35.0 35.8 33.0 33.5 38.0 46.8 44.0 29.8 44.2 34.0 33.5 33.3 34.7 33.0 28.5' 42.0 43.8 35.5 32.0 31.0 29.8 30.0 42.8 31.0 36.0 33.6 30.2 29.6 29.0 Differ- ence. 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.7 13.2 1.0 11.8 0.5 0.5 3.9 1.0 0.5 1.1 13.5 13.2 0.3 8 0.2 0.6 0.4 7.2 0.5 5.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.6 Time. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 in. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m 12 ra. 12 in. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 in. 12 m. 12 m. 12 in. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 32 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 TO. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m. Black bulb. 63.4 51.4 108.8 99.0 96.8 104.3 78.0 102.5 112.4 105.7 109.1 56.5 91.3 114.1 66.5 59.0 110.5 118.6 118.2 94.3 64.0 100.5 110.8 110.0 112. 5 109.8 111.0 109.3 79.0 108.4 112.1 Bright ' Differ- bulb. ence. 48.3 42.7 73.8 67 3 65.6 73.0 60.2 66.5 74.0 71.6 74.2 45.3 60.2 79.5 50.7 47.2 75.4 90.0 80.8 63.0 48.5 66.4 78.7 75.7 81.4 75.0 74.4 72.3 54.0 68.6 15.1 8.7 35.0 31.7 31.2 31.3 17.8 36.0 38.4 31.1 34.9 11.2 31.1 34.6 15.8 11.8 35.1 28.6 37.4 31.3 15.5 34.1 32.1 35.3 31.1 34.8 36.6 37.0 25.0 39.8 Weather. 72.2 I 39. Cloudy. Cloudy and light rain. Cloudy. Cloudy and light rain. Cloudy. Cloudy and light rain. Cloudy. Cloudy. Fair. Fair. Clear. Cloudy. Foggy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Fair. Clear. Fair. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Clear. Fair. Clear. Clear. Fair. Fair. Cloudy. Fair and light snow. Cloudy. 1883. Aug. 1 Aug. 2 Aug. 3 Aug. 4 Aug. 5 Aug. 6 Aug. 7. Aug. 8. Aug. 9. Aug. 10. Aug. 11 Aug. 12. Aug. 13. Aug. 14. Aug. 15. Aug. 16. Aug. 17. Aug. 18. Aug. 19. Aug. 20. Aug. 21. Aug. 22. Aug. 23 Aug. 24. Aug. 25. Aug. 26. Aug. 27. 5.20 a. m . 5.30 a. m. 5.30 a. ni. 5.30 a. m. 5.30 a. m. 5.30 a. m. 5.30 a. in . 5.30 a. ,ir . 5.30 a. m. 5.30 a. m 6.30 a. m. 6.30 a. m. 6.30 a. m. 6.30 a. m. 6.30 a. m. 6.45 a. m. 6.50 a. m. 6.50 a. m. 6.50 a. ni . 6.50 a. m. 6.50 a. m. 6.50 a. m. 6.50 a. ni. 6.50 a. m. 7.25 a. m. 7.10 a. m. 7.20 a. m. 33.2 33.2 0.0 33.5 33.2 0.3 34.5 34.2 0.3 35.2 35.0 0.2 33.0 32.8 2 33.8 33.7 0.1 33.2 33.0 0.2 44.0 44.0 0.0 43.0 43.0 0.0 37.6 37.6 0.0 40.7 40.6. 0.1 43.8 43.6 0.2 40.4 40.4 0.0 33.7 33.7 0.0 33.5 33.4 0.1 42.5 42.3 0.2 36.2 36.0 0.2 38.0 37.8 0.2 28.1 27.9 0.2 29.8 29.7 0.1 27.0 27.0 0.0 j 24.1 24.1 0.0 34.8 34.7 0.1 39.1 39.0 0.1 26.9 26.8 0.1 39.9 39.8 0.1 28.2 28.2 0.0 73.5 52.7 20.8 108.0 72.3 35.7 96.0 65.9 30.1 57.7 45.1 12.0 64.4 49.0 15.4 67.4 49.5 17.9 89.8 6fi. 84.3 24.8 116.2 31.9 130.4 94.8 35.6 98.8 71.5 27.3 119.0 84.3 34.7 111.0 81.6 29.4 98.2 63.9 34.3 64.6 49.4 15.2 100.0 73.0 27.0 65.8 48.8 17.0 113.0 78.5 35.5 87.2 56.5 30.7 97.0 62.1 34.9 41.0 35.0 6.0 62.9 44 2 18.7 77.5 53.2 24.3 95.4 67.0 28.4 71.6 48.4 23.2 61.8 45.0 16.8 91.8 60.0 31.8 67.6 47.4 20.2 Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Foggy. Cloudy. Fair. Cloudy. Cloudy. Foggy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy and light rain. Fair. Cloudy and light snow. Cloudy. Cloudy and light snow. Cloudy. Cloudy and light snow. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. TERRESTRIAL RADIATION. A minimum thermometer was exposed for terrestrial radiation from November 16, 1882, to the closing, of the station, and read every day at Washington midnight. It was laid upon a board securely fixed upon the surface of the ground, and a box was provided with which it could be covered during snow storms, to prevent injury to the thermometer in digging it out of a snow- drift. Snow storms or drift of snow of course prevented observations with this thermometer. On January 14, 1883, the Yale special minimum thermometer, No. 7 (carbon disulphide), was exposed beside this in its case, but was destroyed on January 25th by the Eskimo dogs, which gnawed off the end containing the bulb, attracted probably by the varnish on the case. 336 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. Statement showing the terrestrial radiation at Uglaamie from November, 1882, to March, 18S3. [Washington time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 b 17 m . Special minimum, CS2, No. 7, exposed for terrestrial radiation January 14, 1883 ; destroyed by Eskimo dogs January 25, 1883. Terrestrial minimum and air minimum read at 12 midnight, Washington time.J Day of month. November, 1882. December, 1882. January, 1883. February, 1883. March, 1883. Terres- ,;„ trial. Air - Terres- . • tiial. j Alr ' Toires- .. trial. Au - Terres- . . trial. A "" Terres- .. trial. AlK 1 —22.2 —25. 2 —29. C —30. —30.9 1 —28.5 —34.8 j —38.0 ! —35.8 1 —34. 5 —37.8 1 —39.5 —32.1 —34.2 —36.0 —36.5 —31.8 (*) —43.5 —38. 5 —44.0 ! —44. 9 —50.8 —55. 2 —53.8 —33. 5 —48.2 i —43.8 -49. 8 —51. 2 <*) —12.7 —15.4 — 16.3 -16.4 —19.0 —16.2 —26.8 —26.6 —25.5 —25.0 —20.3 —28.0 —26.2 —26.4 —29. 2 —30.5 —25.1 —29.5 —29.2 —25.2 —26.3 —31.8 —32.2 —39.0 —36.7 —22.0 —23.3 —23.1 —32.7 —42.0 —26.2 (*) (*) , —10. G —11. 6 —15. 2 —26.2 —28. i —22. 2 ! —35.7 —36. 8 —33. 8 —39. 4 ! —39.4 (*) 1 —40.8 —40.4 (*> —17. 2 —32.4 —31.7 —31.7 (*) <*) —20.4 —28.2 —36.2 —36.7 —37.4 —40.5 -43.5 -37.4 —18.2 — 9.3 — 8.2 —10.2 —15.3 —20.7 —22. -21.2 —25.2 —24. 2 —30.3 —38.8 —22.6 —15.1 —16.4 ! —12.3 — 5. 8 i — 1. 9 (*) 5. 3. 6 —33.2 —42. 2 —28.4 —27. —37. 2 ! —45.2 -32.2 98 a 2 3 4 5 ' — 21. 7 — 93 9. 6 •.. —11.0 1-7.2 (*) (*) n —25.2 —21.4 — 9.9 — 8.2 — 4.8 — 5.2 —21.8 —20.6 —19.2 —13.8 —17.7 —17.9 —22.6 —15.6 —14.9 0.8 —17.1 —17.4 —25.2 —25.1 —27.5 —27.4 —34.3 —25.0 —18.6 —34.8 —36.8 —39.2 —47.4 —47.8 -41.6 —27.4 —33.6 -38.4 —35.4 —24.4 —23.4 —28.4 —29.7 —30.8 —21.8 — 6.0 —15.0 —15.7 8.6 — 0.4 8.3 — 8.6 11.8 — 4.0 — 4.0 —36.7 —38.3 —43.8 —51.4 —46.7 —43.4 —30.1 —32.7 —34.7 —39.7 —26.0 —21. 1 —27.7 —27. 8 —32.2 —24.1 — 9.3 —15.9 — 8.0 9.6 0.7 4.0 —10.8 12.2 — 3.2 — 3.2 7 8 1 9 10 11 1 12 13 —39.2 l! —15.2 —36. 2 —25. 14 15 —41.8 —40.6 — 8.7 —18.7 —26.5 —30.0 —22.0 —13.2 — 4.3 —19.3 —28.4 —31.2 —36.0 —36.2 —32.9 —38.7 —35.2 —27.2 —27.4 —17.2 —16.4 — 2.8 —18.4 —20.8 —31.6 —33.2 —64.2 —40.0 —44.0 —31.4 —16.8 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 .. —25.0 (*) (*) (*) (*> (*) (*) (*) —32.0 (*) —33.0 —34.0 —25.5 —21.6 —21.4 —24.0 -16.5 —14.5 —14.2 —12.0 — 9.5 — 4.8 —18.4 —21. 5 —16.6 —24.1 —16.6 —18.2 —14.8 —12.8 1 Day of April 1883. May, 1883. June, 1883. July, 1883. ■ August, 1883. month. Terres- trial. Air. Terres- trial. Air. Terres- trial. Air. Terres- trial. Air. Terres- trial. Air. 1 —22.0 —21.9 —13.2 —14.0 24.3 27.9 31.0 31.4 30.6 32.0 2 —31.0 —24.8 —10.7 —10. 8 (*) 24.5 32.0 31.9 30.0 32.0 3 —34.0 —23.0 — 6.5 — 6.5 18.0 20.9 34.0 33.4 30.5 32.5 4 —33.0 —26.7 — 2.0 — 2.2 14.2 18.2 34.0 33.8 32.0 33.4 5 —11.4 —14.3 9.8 13.5 16.2 22.7 31.5 32.0 30.0 33.3 6 —13.0 —11.3 19.1 15.0 (*) 28.2 32.2 32.0 31.4 32.1 7 —27.0 —23.0 16.2 12.4 (*) 26.2 36.2 35.8 30.6 32.0 8 —29.5 —29.0 15.5 12.9 (*) 27.0 33.0 32.9 36.5 38.8 9 —22.0 —20.4 22.2 19.2 (*) 24.2 27.2 30.7 37.2 40.5 10 (t) — 9.9 21.8 17.5 18.7 25.7 28.5 28.3 33.2 36.5 11 — 8.0 — 9.0 24.5 22.2 18.3 24.7 32.3 33.7 33.5 36.2 12 —16.0 —13.6 22.6 13.3 23.9 27.5 32.8 32.5 37.8 37.7 13 —14.2 —10.6 23.8 18.6 26.5 30.8 34.6 32. 5 33.8 33.4 14 —12.8 —10.9 27.3 21.8 26.6 30.5 19.0 30.4 28.0 31.2 15 — 9.5 — 9.7 24.7 18.5 24.5 29.8 33.5 32.3 25.5 31.0 16 —26.2 —27.7 30.4 24.7 23.7 28.3 32.0 31.9 34.0 35.5 17 —34.0 —28.9 28.5 22.4 18.5 23.6 25.2 28.0 30.0 31.8 18 —35.2 —35.0 25.5 19.5 23.5 27.3 29.0 34.2 29 30.3 19 — 9.8 —11.8 11.0 7.6 24.0 26.5 30.6 34.8 19.0 26.2 20 1.0 2.8 13.0 11.5 20.7 25.6 33.5 34.0 24.0 27.2 21 6.0 — 3.4 17.8 11.5 22.0 25.7 30.5 31.0 23.5 24.0 22 — 3.5 — 5.5 25.5 19.2 21.5 25.4 28.0 29 4 19.8 22.4 23 —12. -10.1 30.0 22.8 (*) 26.0 U) 27.4 30.8 32.6 24 0.0 -2.5 25.0 18.9 (*) 30.1 27.5 27.7 25.8 26.8 25 7.0 6.6 33.8 28.7 (*) 30.0 25.2 30.8 20.2 25.2 26 4.0 3.0 (") 28.6 31.2 32.0 27.5 29.8 27.2 28.5 27 1.0 2. 3 19.7 23.7 32.1 32.5 28.7 32.3 21.0 27.2 28 4 3 9 28. 5 24.5 33 7 33.2 30.0 31.8 29 d) 5.0 21.4 26.2 35.1 35.5 27.0 27.9 30 ({) 8 23 2 28.3 32.5 34.6 26.5 27.3 31. . 22.7 27.0 25.6 27.7 1 * Column broken. t Not exposed ; drifting snow. t Thermometer disturbed. EXPEDITION TO POINT HARROW, ALASKA. 337 SEA-ICE TEMPERATURE. On November 13, 1882, a wooden box, about G inches square on the bottom, with a sliding cover, was placed in an excavation about 4 inches deep made in the sea-iec about 50 yards from the shore. In this a spirit thermometer (No. 084) was set upright, and the bottom of the box tilled with sea-water, which immediately froze, so as to inclose the bulb of the thermometer in ice. A break in tbe ice near the shore occurred on the night of N< .ember 20, and the ice moved away, carrying the thermometer with it. Spirit thermometer No. 713 was exposed in a similar box on December 19, 1882, and was kept in place till June 0, 1883, when the ice was beginning to melt on the surface. These thermometers were read every day about local noon. The ice formed to the depth of 5-^ feet, and while the temperature of the water immediately beneath it continued practically constant at about 29° P., the ice showed considerable variation. When the temperature of the air was low, the temperature of the ice was, as a rule, higher than that of the air. The reverse was true, as a rule, when the weather grew warmer. TEMPERATURE OF THE SEA. From November 11, 1881, till May 7. 18S3, the temperature of the sea-water was observed once a day, from 12 m. to 2 p. m., local time, and hourly from May 7 to the end of the voyage home. It was taken at the surface and bottom in 17 feet of water, about 100 yards from the shore, through a hole in the ice in the winter, and by rowing out in a small boat when the water was open. The surface temperature only was taken from the vessel. The temperature of the water in the various fresh and brackish lagoons was taken from time to time during the winter, and although ice was formed upwards of G-J feet thick, leaving scarcely any water underneath it, unfrozen mud was found at the bottom. Statement showing the sea-ice temperature at TJglaamie from November, 1882, to June, 1SS3. [Observations taken at noon, local tiuit ; -(rater temperature taien on bottom, 17 feet deep, one-eighth mile from shore.] Day of November, 1882. December, 18S2. January, 1883. February, 1883. month. Ico. Air. Diff. Water. Ice. Air. Diff. Water. Ice. Air. Diff. Water. Ice. Air. Diff. |Water. ! 1 — 4.5 — 0.4 1.1 1.1 — 1.2 — 3. 5 — 3.0 — 1.7 — 4.5 — 3.5 — 7.7 — 9.1 —11.0 —11.6 -13.4 — 3. 5 1.1 2. 2 — 7^2 — 6.8 — 4. 5 — 0.8 3.8 — 0.9 — 3.0 — 6.3 — 9.1 — 9.1 —10.1 —12.9 — 8.2 -10.2 — 3.4 — 4.7 — 4.4 — 7.8 —35.6 —17.7 —12.0 —20.5 —15.7 —24.5 —29.5 —30.4 —28.1 —34.7 — 5.3 — 0.8 —12.8 —19. 6 —19.4 —31.2 — 4.3 3. 2 —13.1 23. 2 93.2 — 30! 3 —29.8 —24.5 —32.0 —15.2 5.7 3.0 5.8 5.5 6.6 12.3. 14.7 30.3 16.0 12.2 10.8 20.4 19.4 36.5 21.3 ' 3.8 0.2 10.6 12.4 32. C 6.7 3.5 0.6 12.2 20.2 16.9 21.2 20.7 34.4 19.1 7.0 29.5 29.4 29.5 29.5 29.3 29.3 29.4 29.3 29.5 29.4 29.2 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.3 29.4 29.0 29.2 29.2 29.0 29.2 29. 3 29.2 29.2 29.4 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.2 — 3.5 — 0.8 5.7 6.7 31.9 8.5 11.4 6.7 (*) 2.9 — 1.7 3.8 2.0 3.1 1.1 3.8 1.1 5.7 7.6 2.0 2.9 — 1.7 — 2.6 — 0.3 — 0.3 — 8.2 — 5.4 0.1 -10.4 — 4.2 0.2 6.4 16.0 — 4.2 39.0 3.2 37.2 36.9 33.4 1.2 — 8.2 —10.4 —11.0 —15.0 —10.4 3.7 6.9 —12.3 — 7.8 —19.7 —15. 2 -21.6 —18.7 —25.7 —15. 2 — 2.4 6.9 3.4 0.5 0.3 4.7 12.7 7.6 3.5 14.0 15.1 5.0 10.2 11.5 1,1 38.8 11.5 2.0 0.7 14.3 30.7 18.0 32.6 10.3 12.4 17.5 9.8 2,5 ' 29 2 2... :::::::::: 29,1 29 4 4 ' 3 9 3 ''9.5 6 29.2 7 ....'. 29.4 S... 29.2 9 29. 10 11 29.2 12 29.2 13 -25. -17.0 -14.0 -10. 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 (1) -23.8 -29.0 -19.6 -17.8 - 7.9 - 9.8 - 9.5 - 3.2 1.2 12.1 5.0 7.8 10.9 n.8 32.5 9.2 29.0 ^9.1 29.2 14.. 29.2 15 28.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.1 29,1 10 29.2 17 29.1 18 29.2 19 20 2] -6.2 - 0.3 -.0.4 - 0.6 - 3.1 - 0.3 - 7.7 —10.1 - 7.2 - 7.7 -li.O - 8.2 -18.7 -38.2 -24.9 -23.1 -30.5 -18.8 -14.3 -10.8 -11.7 -22. 9 -25. 5 -12.6 IS. 5 17.9 24.5 22.5 29.4 18.5 6.6 0.7 0.5 35.2 34.5 4.4 29.5 29.6 29. 29.5 29. 4 29.3 29.4 29.3 29.2 29.6 29.5 29.5 29.1 29.1 29.1 22 29.1 29.1 24 29.1 25 29.1 20 29.1 27 29.1 28 | 29.1 29 1 30 31 1 * Impracticable. f Ir.e thermomoter carried off by the ice moving from shove Xovcmber 21 ; impracticable to place another thermometer until December 20. H. Ex. 44 43 338 EXPEDITION TO rOINT BABKOW, ALASKA. Statement showing the sea-ice temperature at Uglaamic from November, 1882, to June, 18S3 — Continued. Bay of mouth. March, 1833. Ice. G 7 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 10. 17. IS. 19. 20. 21. 23. 24. 23. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. — C.3 —10.1 7, 2 — 5^4 — 2. G — G.3 — 0.4 —10.1 —12. 9 —11.9 —12.9 — 0.1 — 9,1 — 9.1 — G.3 — 4.5 — 5.4 — 7.2 -4.5 -1.7 - 0.8 2.9 8.5 9.5 12.3 9.5 13.3 11.4 11.2 Air. -28.2 -20. 5 -22. 3 -10.2 -20. 3 -18.2 -30.7 -34. 9 -33.7 -32.1 -14.9 -22. 9 -5515 -22. G -10.4 -12. 3 -10. 5 -1G. G -14. G -8.4 - 4. G -7.8 9.8 21.6 22.5 1S.1 10.3 23.5 10. G 3.9 Dirt". Water. 21. 2 18.1 13.3 10. 9 7. G 14.0 12.8 2G.G 22.0 21.8 19.2 7. 7 13.8 14.4 13.5 4.1 7.8 5.1 9.4 7.4 3.9 2.9 7.0 0.9 13.1 13.0 5.8 0.8 12.2 0.8 7.3 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.2 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.2 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.0 29.1 29. 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.2 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 April, 1883. May, 1883. Ice. Air. Diff. Water. Ice. Air. Difif. Water, 5.7 3.8 2.9 1.1 4.8 4.8 2,0 2.9 2.9 3.8 5.7 5.7 C.7 7.6 0.7 2.9 3.8 2.0 4.8 8.5 9.5 10.4 10.4 11.4 13.3 12.3 14.3 15.4 14.3 11.4 -12.7 -10.0 -11.2 -11.4 - 0.9 - 3.1 - 7.G - 6.0 -4.7 - 1. G -1.2 5.5 3.8 G.3 -0.2 -13.8 -11.3 - 6.7 1.3 12.5 -0.5 4.4 7.4 8.9 15.6 J4.4 13.7 13.6 5.3 18.4 13.8 14.1 12.1 5.7 7.9 9.6 8.9 7.6 5.4 6.9 0.2 2.9 1.3 G.9 1G. 7 15.1 8.7 3.5 4.0 10.0 G.O 3.0 2.5 2.3 3.8 0.1 1.7 0.7 6.1 29.0 29.1 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 10.4 11.4 12.3 12. 3 22.5 20.5 20.5 21.5 21.5 25.4 23.4 24.9 23.5 2-1.4 23.5 2*2.5 23.5 22.5 23.5 25.3 25.4 25.4 27.3 28.3 30.3 30.3 31.2 31.2 31.2 31.2 31.2 2.7 8.2 5.1 12.0 33.6 20.1 25.2 23.0 25.3 27.4 26.2 21.7 24.9 31. 5 26.8 33.9 28.4 28.4 30.8 27.1 26.4 25.9 33.2 35.4 37.8 32.5 33.2 32.5 32.5 34.4 34.9 7.7 3.2 7 2 o'.3 11.1 0.4 4.7 1.5 3.8 2.0 2 4 1 3 4 9 5.9 7.3 1.8 1.0 0.5 5.9 7.1 7.5 2.2 2.0 1.3 1.3 3.2 3.7 June, 1SS3. Ice. Air. Diff. Water, 29.1 •29.1 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.1 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.3 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.2- 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.2 31.2 32.2 30.3 31.2 32.2 32.2 (*) 33.2 30.3 27.4 26.1 35.6 38.6 2.0 1.9 2.9 5.1 3.4 6.4 29.3 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.2 ' Discontinued : surface of ice melting-. Temperature of sca-icater at Uglaamie, Alaska. [From daily observations.] Month. 1S82. January February Mareli April May* Juiie July August September October November December Whole period . Surface. Bottom, 17 feet. Mean. Ma.x. Min. Range. Mean. Max. Min. Range. o o o o o o o 28. 63 28.9 27.9 1.0 2S.79 29.2 28.2 1.0 28.84 29.1 28.7 0.4 29.01 29.3 28.8 0.5 28.87 29.1 28.8 0.3 29.04 29.4 2S.9 0.5 28.97 29.8 28.8 1.0 29.00 29.8 28.8 1.0 28.97 29.1 28.9 0.2 29.05 29.2 28.9 0.3 30. G5 33.0 28.9 4.1 30. 46 32. 28.9 3.1 37.35 49.4 30.7 18.7 37.42 49.1 29.9 19.2 42.47 49.1 34.2 14.9 42.34 49.1 32.5 16.6 33.31 37. G 29.8 7.8 33.40 37.0 30.0 7.0 29.20 32. 28.0 4.0 29.43 32.4 28.9 3.5 28.98 29.2 28.8 0.4 29.15 30.0 28.9 1.1 29.5 28.9 0.G 29.22 29. G 28.9 0.7 31.279 49.4 27.9 21.5 31.359 49.1 2S.2 20.9 * May 2, temperature at bottom, 7S feet, 29°.3. 'lead"of open Tvater 2milesfrom shore off station: surface, 29°.2; TEMPERATURE OF THE EARTH. A shaft was opened in the frozen earth for the observation of earth temperatures December 8, 1SS1, and continued down to a depth of 37 feet 6 inches. A thermometer protected by a wooden case was buried at the bottom of the shaft by the workman every night and read on beginning- work the next morning. From May 28, 1882, to April 23, 1883, a thermometer was kept suspended in the meat cellar at a depth of 13 feet below the surface and read once a day. From April 23, 1883, to the closing of the station the thermometer was let down by a cord to the bottom of the shaft and drawn up and read once a day. At this level the temperature remained constant at + 12° F. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 339 Temperature of the earth at Uglaamic, Alaska, from December 8, 1881, to February 17, 1883. Fat, Temperature. Earth. Air. 1881. j ° Fahr. Dec. 8 — 5. 8 — 4. ii — 3.0 Dec. Dec. De 13 2.0 Dec. 14 — 1.5 Dec. 17 1882. Apr. 15 Apr. 17 Apr. 10 Apr. 21 •4.1 7.1 ° Fahr. — 18. —IS. —31.0 —23. —'J l.o — G. (i — G.2 — 0. 2 — 1.4 7.!) —12.0 Depth. Ft, In. Surface 1 Apr. 22 I 7. 2 Apr. Si 8. :: Apr. 24 ! 8.5 Nov. 23 I 17.5 Nov. 24 Nov. 2."i Dec. 1 Dec. 4 Dec. 5 Dec. 7 Dee. 8 Dee. !) Dec. 11 Dec. 12 Dee. 13 Dec. 14 Dee. IS 1S83. Jan. 19 Jan. 21 Jan. 27 Feb. 3 Feb. Feb. 12 Feb. 14 Feb. 15 Feb. 10 Feb. 171 17.5 17.5 14. 5 14. 5 14.5 —12. — S. 3 IS. — 5.0 —13.0 —15. — 5. (I —14.0 —17.0 14.5 —20. 14.2 —12.5 14.2 —23. 5 12. 5 —17.0 12.5 —27.0 1^.2 —•.o. 12.0 —22.0 11 12 13 15 10 IS 19 20 21 23 23 24 Formation. -= 2 Turf and clay.. . Clay and gravel. ...do ...do :.... Gravel ...do ...do Clay and gravel. ...do ...do .. Gravel. ...do .. Clay... do ... ....do ... ....do ... ....do ... ....do ... ....do ... do. Sand. Clay.. I. ...do ....do . ! Sand.. 14.0 —27.0 27 3 14.0 —27.0 28 13.0 — 9.0 29 11.0 -35.0 30 11.0 31 12.0 — 7.0 32 8 12.0 — 0.0 34 12.5 — 7.4 34 12.2 —13.0 35 12.2 —18.4 36 12.2 —13.0 37 C ...do . ...do ...do . ...do . ...do ...do ...do . ...do. ...do ...do ...do 752 752 752 752 752 752 752 752 Remarks. Fay. ..do . ..do ..do . ..do . ..do . ..do ..do . ..do . ..do . ..do . ..do . ..do . ..do . 752 ..do ... 752 ..do... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 752 ..do ... 755 ..do ... 755 ..do ... 755 ..do ... 755 ..do ... 755 ..do ... 755 ..do ... 755 ..do ... Two feet of snow. Tundra covered with ieo when the. snow fell. Tenacious and very bard. Black ; wbeu melted resembled mud taken from docks. Tenacious and very bard. Farge pieces of pure fresh-water ice, with gravel. Tenacious and very hard. Put in blast, which blew out without moving any earth. Work suspended ; shaft covered. Very hard and tenacious. Temperature taken as before, in theshaft; thermometer buried each time over night. Dry, ami easily worked. Excavated room for meat. Quite dry, but firmly frozen. Resumed work November 23, sinking two feet. Temperature of store cellar for meat, -flG°. 2, on sarao level of bottom of shaft. Dry black clay. Strongly impregnated with chlorine. Qnite'dry. Containing sufficient water to firmly solidify it when frozen. Dry and very hard. Containing sufficient water to firmly solidify it when frozen. Sand and fine gravel. Layers dip to SSW. 45°. A pair of wooden goggles found, also fragments of clam-shells, t at 27 feet 3 inches. Stopped work ou the 14th. On the morning of the 18th found water and mud in bottom of shaft, with temperature of earth -4-14° ; water very salt ; stood at 15° F. when brought to the surface. Suspended work. Resumed work after bailing out one foot of water. No more came in. '••Five feet of snow was removed from over the shaft. The thermometer was buried in bottom, same as on December 17, when tho temperature was taken. tFrom this date until the closing of the station the temperature was observed daily at this depth, and found to be constant at 12°. ,Mya truncata. METEOROLOGY OF MEADE RIVER RECONNAISSANCE. These observations were taken by Lieut. P. H. Ray, and Mr. A. C. Dark, during the sledge journey towards the headwaters of Meade River, from March 28 to April 7, 18S3, inclusive. The instruments used were one aneroid barometer, and two ordinary spirit -thermometers, protected by tubular wooden cases open at the bottom, and exposed by hanging them to the mast of the sled, four feet from the ground. The velocity of the Avind was estimated, and its direction indicated by a fly of bunting at the masthead. 340 EXPEDITION TO POI2s T T BAREOW, ALASKA. Meteorological record of the reconnaissance to Meade River, Alaska. [Washington time] 1S83. Alar. 28 Har. 29 Mar. 30 Har. 31 Apr. 1 -Apr. 2 Apr. 3 Apr. 4 Apr. 3 p. m. 7 p.m. 11 p.m. 3 a. m. 7 a. in. 11 a. m. 3 p. in. 7 p. m. 11 p. m. 3 a. m. 7 a. in. 11 a. m. 3 ]). 111. 7 p. ill. 11 p.m. 3 a. in. 7 a.m. 11 a.m. 3 p. in. 7 \i. m. 11 p. in. 3 a. in. 7 a. in. 11 a.m. 3 p. ni. 7 p.m. 1 1 p. m. 3 a.m. 7 a. in. 11. a.m. 3 p. m. 7 p. m. 11 ]). m. 3 a.m. 7 a.m. 11 a. m. 3 p. m. 7 p. in. lip. m. Apr. Apr. 20. 780 20. 735 20.715 29. 720 29. 700 29. 800 29. 820 20. 920 29. 910 29. 935 20. 910 29. 000 29. TOO 29. S70 29. fcSO 20.88 20. 88 29. SO 20.01 29. 09 30. OS 30.10 30.11 30.19 HO. 20 30. 25 30. 24 30.30 30. 25 3(i. IS 29. 80 -.0.90 28. S" 28. S7 2S. 87 7 a. m. 11 a.m. 3 p. in. 7 p. m. 11 p. in. 3 a. in. [ 7 a. m. i 11 a.m. ! 3 p. m. 7 p. m. 11 p. ni. 3 a. m. ■ 7 a. m | 11 a. in. i 3 p. in. ; 7 p. in. i 11 p.m. 3 a.m. 7 a. m. 11 a.m. 3 p. m. 7 p. m. 28. 19 28. 49 28. 45 £8. 43 28.21 28. 30 28.31 28, 30 28. 27 '.8.17 28.21 28. 20 28. ill 28.00 28 01 28. 01 28. 00 28. ) 28. 10 28.15 28.10 28. 05 28. 00 0.8 17.7 24.3 10.0 17.7 16.4 29.2 27.1 3.4 —2.0 —0.4 17.3 20.0 27.0 19.3 11.5 0.3 3.5 10. 0.2 0.5 -5.0 -9.0 -11.3 -14.0 -13.8 -14.7 29. 800 29. 810 29. 790 29. SCO 29. 840 29. 880 29. E00 30. 000 29. 990 30. 020 30. 020 29. 080 29. 580 20. 950 29.000 29. 00 29. 90 29. 07 20. 09 30.07 30.15 30. IS 30.19 3(1. '.7 30. 34 30. 32 1—25. 8 , 30. 38 |— 31. S , 30.33 1—28.3 I 30.20 — I). S 20 88 I— 1.1 2'J 93 -23.2 j 30.51 -31.8 I 30.51 -34.7 30.51 -17.0 i 30.51 -12^5 ; 30. [0 -31.2 : -37. 8 1-20.0 l\ 2.4 3,1.13 30.13 30. 09 3(1.07 29. 85 30. 03 1-13.4 -14.S 1-13.4 20. 74 20. 73 29. 05 20. t:5 20. 04 29. 04 -8.8 20. 7 1 20. 70 29. 7(1 29. (iO 29. 0* -32.2 29. 05 -20. 3 20. 04 -18.5 20.01 - 8.G 29.81 - 7.7 20. S5 -10. 20. 84 1 >fi a ID r3 3 -*-> eo P « o 1-1 i-I o ' " O / ; 71 00 1 157 00 : 70 54 00 157 15 70 47 00 157 12 70 47 00 157 12 70 47 00 157 12 70 47 00 157 12 70 37 00 157 11 70 30 00 157 11 70 28 00 157 17 70 28 00 157 17 70 28 00 157 17 70 28 00 157 17 70 20 00 157 30 70 10 00 157 37 70 10 00 157 ito 70 10 00 157 55 70 10 00 157 55 70 10 00 157 55 70 16 CO 157 55 70 10 00 157 55 70 10 00 157 55 70 10 CO 157 55 70 10 00 157 55 70 10 00 157 55 70 10 00 157 55 70 10 00 157 55 70 10 00 157 55 70 16 00 157 55 70 10 00 157 55 70 10 00 157 55 ! 70 13 00 157 52 | 09 55 00 157 40 i 00 55 CO 157 40 00 55 00 157 40 j 09 55 00 157 40 ! 09 55 00 157 40 | 09 58 00 157 40 1 70 10 00 157 40 1 70 10 00 157 52 | 70 10 00 157 52 70 10 00 157 52 70 10 00 157 52 1 70 10 00 157 52 : 70 10 00 157 52 i 70 10 00 157 52 ! 70 16 00 157 £3 1 70 10 00 157 52 70 10 00 157 52 i 70 21 00 157 45 | 70 27 00 157 25 ! 70 28 00 157 17. j 70 28 00 157 17 70 28 00 157 17 70 28 00 157 17 70 33 00 157 15 70 42 00 157 10 ; 70 47 00 157 12 70 47 03 157 12 70 47 00 157 12 70 47 00 157 12 70 57 00 157 15 71 00 00 157 00 1 "Wind. Upper clouds E. E. E. SE. SE. SW. w. NW. s\r. s. 8!. S. SSE. SSE. S. S. SSE. SE. W. w. JfW. w. > T NW. MV N. N. K". 12s 9s 2* 4s 5s 10s 8* 2s 4s 4s Cs 4s 6s 3s 10s s. s. s. W. Calm. Calm. Culm. Calm. Calm. Calm. S. i Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. ESE. I ESE. Cir. | 2 | Hidden. Cir. | 1 I Cir - 2 | Haze. Hidden. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. S. j M S. I 3s X. ! 2s Calm. 2\ T . I 4s E. : 4s E. j 3s Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm. Calm . W. ! Is Haze. Lower clouds. Strat, 3 Strat. j 10 Strat. j 10 Cir. 2 Cir. 3 Cir. 3 11 1 ddei Strat. Strat. JNimb. Strat. Strat, Strat. i Strat. I Strat. Es I Strat. o Strat. I Strat. i Strat. 10 1 0—1 1 4 Ham or snow. Ha/.e. Cir. Cir. Hidden. Cir. j 2 ] ~K& (I j | Strut. Strat. Strat. Strat. Stiat. Strat. Strat. Strat. Strat. Strat. i Strat. : Strat. j ! 0] 1 Strat. Strat. ! Strat. ; ; Haze. Ml ! n Cir. 2. o j : o i o : o Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Civ. 7 Cir. 3 I Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Cir. ! 3 I Hidden. o o o Strat. Strat. Strat. Strat. o o Strat. Strut. SWA Strat. Strat. Strat. Strat. Strat. Strat. Strat, Strat, Strat, Strat. Strat. Stiat. : Stiat. Hidden. I Strat. 10 Cir. 13 10 Strat, 4 Cir. 4 Strat. 4 Cir. 2 10 10 10 1 4 10 10 10 II (I Es (I (I NW* I) (I (I (I I) (I a. -- B-2 a.m. i.. li. ni. 00 ! Pair. (Ml | Cloudy.' 00 ; Ckmdv. 00 00 .15 00 00 00 00 00 O0 00 (II) 00 0(1 oo 00 00 oo 00 00 00 00 Oil CO 00 00 00 00 0(1 00 CO (0 00 00 00 CO 00 00 (0 00 CO 09 00 CO oo 00 CO I'd (II) 00 ftl 00 00 00 00 oo 00 00 ; Cloudy. ; Cloudy. j ll'y f now. Cloudy. I Clear. Clear. Hazy. Clear, t Clear. Fair. Fair. j Fair. Cloudy. i Hazy- ' Cloudy. Cloudy. Fair. Fair. ; Fair. S Cloudy. 1 Cloudy. I Fair. ' ! Clear. C tear. Clear. Char. Clear. Clrar. ( 'lear. Clear. , Clear. j Clear. Clear. Clear. Clear. ! Clear. ■ Clear. J I Clear. § ! Clear. . Clear. Clear. Clear. Clear. I Cloudy. ' Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Fair. ' Cloudy. Cloudv . Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Fair. Fair. Cloudy. Fair. Cloudy. Clear.' ; Aurora in S. 5 Aurora in S. k. SW. * .Parhelion at 3.30 p. in. ; also at lip. m. t Aurora E. Jc JsE., altitude 25°. Correction for barometer, April 7, -j- l.Ct by comparison upon return to station ; applied from 3 a. in. A pril 3. Xuniber •'!' barometer used during trip, Aneroid. Xo. 163. Instrumental error, -|- .076. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 341 METEOROLOGY OF THE VOYAGE FROM FRANCISCO. POINT BARROW TO SAN These observations are the direct continuation of the regular meteorological work of the sta- tion, and were taken as above described. Meteorological record of the voyage of the .schooner Leo from Point Harrow, Alaska, to Seen Francisco, California. AUGUST 28, 1S83. [Washington time. Correction to reduce to local time, —5 hours 17 minutes. Italic s signifies slow; /.signifies rapid. Schooner abreast of station, Uglaamie, Alaska, latitude 71° 17' N., longitude 156° 23' AV.) a o u cd a o u .a cd u M o U Hygronietei (corrected). a p © '© Wind. Upper clouds. Lower clouds. ™Vii? r | i sntAV ' o a "a gp •6 a 3 . CO o a a a o a 9 1 a! si 5' cu O a o a a o O r3 u CD M o P.et. Inch *2 a. m. *3 a. m. i :::i::: .::::: 129. 700 . 29. 700 29. 670 29. 670 29. 670 29. 660 29. 640 29. 630 29. 035 29. 645 29. 635 29. 640 29. 610 29. 650 29. 060 29. 665 29. 675 29. 685 29. 675 43.4 42.5 42.0 41.0 42.0 43.5 44.0 44.3 48.4 50.5 52.3 53.0 55.0 52.0 42.1 45.0 48.2 47.5 46.0 43.4 42.5 42.1 40.8 42.5 43.7 44.0 44.0 48.0 50.0 52.2 50.0 51.0 49.5 42.1 44.6 47.8 46.4 46.0 100 100 98 99 100 97 96 96 99 80 76 S3 100 96 97 92 93 SE. SE. SE. SE. SSE. SSE. SSE. SSE. S. s. s. s. s. s. w. Ca E. ESE. SSW. Fresh.. Fresh.. Fresh . - Fresh . . Fresh . . Fresh... Fresh.. Fresh.. Fresh . . Fresh.. Light.. Light.. Light . . Light. . Light., lm. Light. - Light . . Light.. Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus Stratus . Stratus . Strattt3 Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Nirnbns. Stratus . Cumulus Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . 10 8 8 7 4 4 7 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 5 3 10 10 SW.s SW.s SW.r Sff.f sw.« SW.s S.s S.s S.s 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .01 .01 00 33.8 33.2 33.5 36.1 36.0 36.1 36.2 30.5 36.7 30.8 37.0 30.5 36.7 36.0 36.2 36.5 36.3 Cloudy Cloudy.... Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloud v ... Cloudy.... Cloudy Cloud'..... Cloudy.... Cloudy Cloudy.... Cloudy Light rain. Cloudy 1 Cloudy-...' Cloudy i Cloudy.... i T> i a. m. Cirrus . . Cir. cu .. Cirrus .. Cirrus .- Cirrus . . Hi T> 1 6 4 2 2 SW.s SW.s r. 10 a. m. G. 12 m. T\r 1 p. m. 2 p.m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p. m. 6 p. m. 7 p.m. 8 p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p.m. lip. m. 12 p.m. i "Df i\r Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. TVf M M T\f Hi Hi dden. dden. 1 7.30 M. A H | 9.20 A. Hi ddei t. S.s 11.25 11.50 A. AUGUST 29, 1883. [From Uglaamie, Alaska, to Seahorse Islands, latitude 70° 51' N., longitude 15&° 25' W.] 1 a. m. 29. 680 43.0 41.5 88 SW. Light.. 2 a. m. 29. 685 41.6 40.6 91 SAV. Light.. 3 a. m. 29. 080 42.2 41.3 93 E. Light.. 4 a. m. 29. 680 41.3 40.8 96 SE. Gentle . 5 a. m. 29. 680 40.5 40.0 96 ESE. Gentle. 6 a. m. 29. 685 39.7 39.2 95 E. Light . . 7 a. m. 29. 685 40.3 39.9 96 ENE. Gentle. 8 a. m. 29. 650 40.0 39. 5 95 E. Light.. 9 a. m. 29. 630 38.5 38.1 96 ENE. Light.. 10 a. m. 29. 625 39.0 38.7 97 ENE. Gentle . 11 a. m. 29.615 40.8 40.0 98 e: Fresh.. 12 m. 29. 610 42.5 42.4 99 SE. Gentle . 1p.m. 29. 610 42.3 42.3 100 SSE. Gen lie. 2 p. m. 29. 595 43. 2 43.2 100 SSE. Gent lo . 3 p. m. 20. 580 43.0 43.0 100 NE. ( i eutle . 4 p. m. 29. 570 44.6 44.2 90 NE. Fresh. - 5 p. m. 29. 570 47.0 44.9 85 E. Fresh \ Fresh.. Cp. m. 29. 560 47.0 44.9 92 SE. 7 p.m. 23. 56,) 49.5 46.9 83 SE. Fresh \ 8 p. m. 29. 570 50. 40.9 80 SE. Fresh \ 9 p.m. 29. 580 50.2 40. 75 SE. Fresh.. 10 p. m. {29. 603 48.0 4>. 6 81 wsw. Light.. 11 p. ro. 29. 60s 46.0 44. 2 85 w. Light.. 12 p. m. 29. 623 47.1 45. 1 85 SW. Light.. Cir. cu . Cir. cu . Cir. cu . Cir. cu . Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Cirrus .. Cir. st . Cir. st . Cir. cu . Cir. St.. Cir. cu Cumului Cirrus . . Cirrus .. Cirrus .. Cirrus .. SI! ■ 7 9 > 3 , W 1 1 1 Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus Stratus . Stratus Nimbus Nimbus Nimbus. j Stratus . I Stratus . j Stratus . Stratus . I j Stratus . I Stratus . f I Cumulus; 2 Stratus Cumulus' Stratus . j Stratus .j Stratus ! 3 ! SW.s SW.s SE.s SE. E.s ENE.s E.s E.s E.s 2.30 36. 3 i Cloudy . 36.2 01oudv. " Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy . Fair ... 36. 36.0 35.8 35.8 35.7 36.0 36.4 36.5 35.8 36.0 30.0 37. 38.5 3S.5 38.0 38.5 33.0 42.0 42.0 CO ! 42.0 00 I 41. 5 Cloudy... Cloudy. .. Cloudy Fair .' Cloudy Light rain. Light raiu. G. Light rain. G. Cloud v j G. Cloudy.... G. Cloudy....! C. Cloudy. ... I C. I Fair C. Cloudy .... C. Fair M. Fair M. Fair Fair M. M. 'Observations interrupted while moving instruments from shelter to the schooner. I Aneroid barometer used until 10 p. m, August 29th. % Marine barometer used at and after this observation. 342 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, &c. — Continued. AUGUST 30, 1863. [AVasliington time. Italic s signiiics slow; r signifies rapid. Schooner off Seahorse Islands, latitude 70° 51' X., longitude 158° 25' AT.] 1 a. ra. 2 a. m. 3 a. 111. 4 n. m. 5 a. in. C a. in. 7 a. in. 8 a. in. 'J a. in. 10 a. in. 11 a. in. 12 ni. 1 p. in. j 2 p. in. j 3 ]j. m. 4 p. in. 5 p. ni. tip. in. 7 ]i. in. Sp. in. p. in. 10 p. m. 11 p. Til. 12 p. in. Hygrometer I (corrected). 29. 531 20. 5G3 20. 5SG 29. 593 29. C21 29. 0C1 20.721 20. 754 20. 747 29. 77S 20. 78S 29. SOG 20. K29 20. S50 20. SG5 29. 879 29. 888 20. 0IG 20. 91 S 20. 025 20. 925 29. 948 29. 943 20. 94G 45.3 45.0 44. G 4-1.0 41.5 35.4 34. 3 35. 33.5 33.0 :u. o 35. S 36. 7 39. 1) 39.7 40.5 40.0 41.5 39.0 :;o. 5 40.0 39.8 39.8 39.0 44.0 43.8 44.0 43.9 40.7 35.0 33.8 34.3 33.4 32.9 33.9 35.3 35.2 3G. 5 3G.7 39.5 38.4 39.4 37. 5 37.5 39. G P.ct. 90 90 95 98 93 04 "Wind. SS"W. I Li slit - S"W. Fresh . S. S. SW. W. 05 :WNW. nw. w. s\v. ssw. ssw. SAV. SSW. ssw. S"W. SW. S"W. sw. S"W. WS¥. TV. AVNW. "W. Gentle Fresh . High. . High.. High.. Gentle Brisk . Brisk .. Brisk - Fresh . Fresh . Brisk . Fresh .. Fresh . . Fresh . . Fresh . . Fresh . . Fresh . Fresh .. Fresh.. Fresh . . Fresh.. Upper clouds. P o bS v c Cirrus . Cirrus . Cir. cu Cir. en 1 3 Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. I | Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Cumulus Cir. cu 1 nidilen Hidden. I I Lower clouds. Bain or Stratus - Stratus - Stratus. Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Nimbus. Nimbus. Nimbus. Stratus . Stratus . Cumulus Cumulus Cumulus Cu. str.. Cu. str . . Nimbus Cu. str.. Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . 10 10 10 8 10 10 10 3 9 G 4 7 "5 M pq \< o SW.r S.s S.r SW.r W.r (1 o o SAY.s SSW.s SSAV.s SW.s SW.s SW.S SW.s SW.s "W.s W.r WNW.s W.s i 3. 25 1 3.45 ... ... 8. 20 j 11.10 IncJt oo oo 00 'oo 00 00 00 41. G 41.0 41.4 41.2 41. 40.4 40.2 40.4 40. G 40. 5 40.8 40. S Fair. . Fair. . Cloud Cloud Cloud Cloud Cloud Cloud Light Light Light Cloud snow snow- snow 00 00 Ml 00 '00 00 00 00 i'so' 5.10 0.45 "i. 45' 5.20 7." 05" 40.7 Cloud v. 41.1 I Fair. " ■12.1 42.0 42.0 42. 5 42.5 42.5 42. 2 42.2 42.1 42.1 Fair. Fair , Cloud v.... Cloudy.... Light rain. Fair Fair Cloudy C londy Cloudy — S. s. S. s. I). r>. D. r>. A. A. A. Ju Cr. G. G. G. C. c. c. c. M. M. M. AUGUST 31, 1883. [From Seahorse Islands to Boint Belcher, latitude 70° 47' N., longitude 159° 30' AT.] 1 a. ni. 29. 956 2 a. 111. 29. 968 3 a. 111. 29. 962 4 a. 111. 29. 95G 5 a. m. 29. 950 Ga. 111. 20. 044 7 a. 111. 29. 930 8 a. 111. 20.004 9 a. ,11. 2! .894 10 a. 111. 20. S7G 11 a. 111. 20. SG7 12 11 20. S40 l]i. ni. : 21.831 2 p.m. 20.S07 3 p.111.1 29.786 4 p.m. 29.762 5 p. 111. 20. 747 Gp. 111. 29.730 7 p. 111. b p. in. p. 111. 10 p. in. lip. m. 12 p.m. 20. 725 29. 712 29. 724 20. 724 29. 737 29. 741 39.8 38.9 92 39.5 38.3 S7 39. 38.0 91 38. S 37. G 89 39.4 3S. 5 91 38. 5 37.5 90 38. 5 37. 5 90 38.7 37. S 91 39.0 38.5 95 38. S 3S.4 OG 39.0 38. 4 04 39.5 38.5 01 3S.2 37.0 92 37. 3 37.1 98 37.7 37. G 99 38.0 37.8 9S 38.0 37.4 95 37. 5 36.9 94 3S.0 37. 4 95 38.0 37. G 90 38.4 37.7 93 38.0 37.0 90 37.1 36.4 93 35. 34.3 93 i ATSAT. W. SW. S. s. SSE. SSE. SSE. SE. ESE. SSE. SE. SSE. S. s. s. SSE. S. Gentle ( 1 entle Light . Kcntle <; entle Gentle Light . Light . Gentle Gentle Gentle Gentle Fresh . Gentle Gentle Gentlo G entle Gentlo SAT. NAT. NW. NW. Calm. Calm. Gentle Gentle Gentle Gentlo Cir. st .. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. ! I Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Niuibus . Nimbus. Nimbus. Nimbus. Nicubns. Nimbus - Nimbus. Nimbus. Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . 9 9 8 6 10 10 10 7 10 10 10 10 10 10. 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 10 10 10 WSW.s W.s S.« s.s S.s S.s S.s 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 !oi !oi '00 00 00 42.0 42.3 42.2 42.0 42.0 41.0 42.0 42. 41.8 41.9 42.0 41.7 41.7 41.4 41.4 41.8 41.5 41.5 41.5 41.3 41.2 41.4 41.2 41.0 12.30 9.00 Cloudy. Cloudv. Cloud V. Cloudv . Cloud v- Clotidy . Cloudy. Fair Cloudv. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudv. Light rain, j G. Light rain. I G. Light rain, j G. Light rain. I G. Light rain. I C. Light rain. 1 C. Light rain. Light rain. Cloudy.... Cloudy — Cloudv — Clouds .... C. C. M. M. M. M. EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 343 Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, <(V.— Continued. SEPTEMBER 1, 1S83. {"Washington time. Italic s signifies slow; r signifies rapid. Latitude 70 c 29' X., longitude 162° 25' AY.] jH 3 j). in 4 p. m. 5 p. in. ]). in. 7 p. m. S p. in. !9 p. in. •10 p. 111. 01 p. 111. 12 p. m. 20. 793 23. 770 29. 701 29. 724 Hygrometer o» (corrected). a rt ^a •. ■*^> O P F- 1 a. in. 29. 755 ,2 a. in. 29. 770 3 a in. 29. 771 4a. in. 29. 794 5 a. in. 29.805 Ga. m. 29. S01 7 a. in. :5i. 815 Sa m. 29. 82.2 i 10 a in. 21). 830 11a. in. 29. 886 12 n 29. 822 1 1> in. 29. 864 2p m. 29. 791 29. 723 3D. 29. 09;'. 40.2 29. G7G 4L0 29. G33 41.1 29. G28 43.4 29. 020 44.5 34.0 34. 83. 5 33.(1 .Ml. 31. 2 39. 8 30.5 30.0 30. 30. 5 32. 2 33. 9 33.9 33. 4 30.3 37. 5 38.3 34.2 33.7 33. 3 32. 4 30.1 31.0 30. 5 30.2 29. 9 29. 9 30. 5 32. 1 33.9 33. S 33.5 30.2 37.0 38.0 39.0 40.1 40. S 41.0 43. 4 44.5 P.ct 90 97 98 99 "98 97 97 99 99 100 99 Wind. Kff. NW, JTW. W. N. N. K. N. N. w. K. N. 100 EXE. 99 EKE. EKE. 99 EXE. 95 ENE. 9S E. 100 E. 99 E. 98 ENE. 93 ENE. 100 ENE. 100 S. Upper clouds. Lower clouds Light.. Gciitic . Light.. Light .. Light .. Light .. Light.. Light .. Light.. Gentle . ( i-entlo . Gentle . Fresh . . Fresh .. Fresh . . Fresh.. Fresh .. Fresh . . Fresh . . Brisk . Brisk . Brisk . Brisk . Gentle si Cirrus .. 4 Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Bidden. Hidden. ' Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hiddt-n. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. S I o fee ° a ~.3 Stratus., 2 Sir.H us | 10 i Dense fog. I li iim fog. Dense fog. Dense Cos. N\Y.. Stratus . Strains . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus - Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Strains . Strains . Nimbus. Nimbus. Nnnlies Srrat ns . Nimbus. Ninibus Nimbus. Eain or snow. 9. 30 Inch. 00 41.0 | Fair ... no 41.8 ; Cloudy. 00 42.2 Foggy . 00 ! 42. 5 Feagy . 00 : 42.5 Foggy . 00 43.0 Eogg'y . 43.0 Cloudy. 43.1 i Cloudy. 42. S : Cloudy - 42. G Cloudy.... 41.2 Cloudy 40.0 I Cloudy... 39.9 I Cloudy-.. 40.1 I Cloudy. .- 40.7 i Cloudy... 41.1 Cloudy... 41.2 Cloudy-. . S. .! s. ! S. \k . I). .; d. . D. J A. J A. J A. .' A. G. G. G. G. C. .8 ; Light rain. C. 43.9 43.9 43. 43.8 44.5 44. G Light rain., C. Light rain. C. Cloudy.-.., M. Light rain-: M. Lightrain.l M. Light rain. I M. SEPTEMBER 2, 1883. [Latitude 08° OS' N., longitude 1C4° 59' W.] .la. in. 29.599 29. 008 .! a. in. 4 a. in. 29. G33 29. 077 5 a. in. j 29. 720 n. m. I 29. 741 43.0 44.8 44. 5 41.2 43. 5 40.0 a. in, 29.777 i 38.9 1 p. in. 2 p.m. 3 p. in. "4 p. in. 5 p. m. p. m. 29. 9:12 29. 932 29. 944 29. 979 29.994 30. 023 7 i>. in. I 30.041 S p. in. i 30. 072 9 p.m. 30.084 10 p.m.; 30.100 lip. in. 30.105 12 p in. i 30.121 40.2 40. 3 41.3 40. S 40. S 40.5 45.0 44.0 44. 3 43.7 42.0 40.0 S a. in. j 29. 802 '■ 39. 4 , 33. 3 •9 a. m. ; 29.833 3.1.2 i 39.1 10 a. m.! 29.801 39.2 i 39.0 11 a. in. I 29. S83 ; 39.5 i 39.4 12 m. 29.891 \ 40. ! 39.7 40.2 40.2 41.0 40.0 40. 5 40.0 40.0 I 39.2 39. 4 | 38. 7 39.5 38.0 39.8 37.8 39. G 37. 39. ! 37. I 100 100 98 SAY. SAY. AYSVV. \YNW. NNVY. XX'VY. Light. Light . Light . Light . Gentle Fresh . lOrW. Brisk NN\Y. I Brisk N. ! Brisk NXE. j Brisk NNE. j Brisk NNE. ! Brisk Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. NNE. Gentle . Hidden. NSTE. Gentle . Hidden. NAY. Gentle . Hidden. NAY. Gentle . Hidden. NAY. Light .. Hidden. NAY. Light -. Hidden. XN\Y Light .. Hidden. NNVY Light .. Hidden. NNVT. Light . . Hidden. NAA r . Light .. Hidden. NNAY. Fresh .. Hidden. NNAY. Brisk . . Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Stratus . Nimbus Stratus . Stratus . Strains . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus Stratus Nimbus Nimbus Stratus Stratus Stratus Stratus Stratus Stratus Stratus N.s N.s 12.50 2.30 .01 i .02 1 "oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 oc j 00 2.40 ! .— 45.0 j Cloudy.-.. 4 .'. 3 light rim. 45. 2 ; Cloudy 43.2 | Cloudy 45. 3 I Cloudy 45. 3 ! Cloudy 45.2 Cloudy 45. 5 Cloudy 45.5 Cloudy 45. 3 Cloudy 45.3 Cloudy. .. 45.2 Cloudy... 1). L>. ! A. i A. i A. ! A. 45. o 45. 2 00 45.8 00 45. 8 CO 45.0 eo 45.8 00 45.8 00 45.0 Cloudy.... G. Cloudy..-.: G. C'oudy G. Light lain G. Light rain. C. Clondv C. Cloudy. - Cloudy... Cloudy.. Cloudy. . Cloudy. . Cloudy.. 18: I M. I M. iM. i M. 344 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, &c. — Continued. SEPTEMBER 3, 1883. [Washington lime. Italic s signifies slou ,■ r signifies rapid. Latitude Co 53' N., longitude 1C8° 22' W.] Hygrometer (corrected). Wind. Upper clouds. Louver clouds. IT ■2£ .a -*i o a a 3 •73 a 4 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 6 Stratus . 7 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus - 10 Stratus . 10 Cumulus 9 Cumulus 9 Cum. st. 10 Stratus , 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Nimbus. 10 a I Rain or snow. . o d • £b a cd c; «!• Lt. fog.. Stratus . 10 Lt. fog.. Stratus . io Lt. log.. Stratus . iti Stratus 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 4 Strains. r. Strains . 7 Nimbus. 10 Strains . 10 Strains . 10 Strains . 10 I) I) E..s- E .v SE.s 5.10 12.15 G. 15 8.50 9.15 48.0 48.4 48.3 48.5 48.4 48.3 48.3 48. G 48.1 4S.2 48.0 47.8 Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy.... Cloudy.... Cloudy Lightrain. Cloudy.... Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy.... Foggy.... Cloudy.... 47. S j Cloudy. . 47.9 Cloudy.. 48.1 | Cloudy.. 48.0 Cloudy.. 49.2 Cloudy.. 49. Cloudy. . 49.0 49.0 48, 48 Cloudy.... Cloudy.... Light Vain. Cloudy 48.6 i Cloudy.... 48.9 ! Cloudy.... "Light showers bitwctj observations. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKKOW, ALASKA. 345 Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, &c. — Continued. SEPTEMBER 5, 1883. [■Washington time. Itnlic s signifies slow; r signifies rapid. Latitude 01- CO' N., longitude JG',° 47' W.] Hygrometer (corrected). la. 2 a. : 3 a. : 4 a. : 5 a. Ca. : 7 a.: 8 a. : U a. : 10 a. 29. 7S9 29. 791 29. 781 29. 770 29. 757 29. 703 29. 700 29. 098 29. 098 29. 098 11 a. m . j 29. 078 12 m. | 29.07-2 Ip.m.j 29.077 2 p. m. I 29. 081 3 p. m. ! 29. 094 4 p. m. | 29. 707 5 p. in. I 29. 700 Op. id. I 29.701 7 p. m. 29. G8G 8 p. m. ; 29. 081 9 p. m. j 10 p. m. | 11 p. m. 12 p. m. | 29. 081 29. 007 29. 059 29. 001 50.1 47.2 47.0 40.9 40.8 45.8 45. 1 48. G 49.0 49.8 48.5 47.2 48.4 50.0 50. G 50.1 50.0 49.4 49.7 50.0 50.3 50.3 50.3 50.0 49.1 47.2 47.0 40 9 40.8 45.0 45.1 48.6 49.0 49.8 48.4 47.1 48.2 49.7 50.2 49.3 48.9 49.4 49.1 49.5 49.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 "Wind. P.Ct. 93 100 100 100 100 9S 100 100 100 100 99 99 98 97 95 94 93 100 96 9G 91 91 9L 93 ESE. ESE. E5JE. ESE. ESE. ESE. ESE. SE. ESE. ESE. SE. ESE. SE. SE. SE. SSE. SE. SE. SE. SE. ESE. SE. SE. SSE. Eight.. Gentle. Brisk.. Brisk.. Brisk . . Brisk.. Brisk . . Brisk . . Brisk . . Brisk . . Brisk . . Fresli.. I Fresh . i Brisk .. ; Brisk . . | Brisk.. ! Brisk.. Brisk . . I Brisk .. Brisk.. j Brisk.. ! Brisk.. ! Brisk.. ! Eresb.. Upper clouds. Lower clouds. Rain or snow. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Cumulus] 3 | Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. HidTlen. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Nimbus. Nimbus. Nimbus. Nimbus. Stratus . Stratus . Nimbus. Nimbus. Nimbus Nimbus. Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Nimbus . Nimbus. Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Nimbus . Nimbus. O t-t SB. SE.S SE.s SE.s SE.r SE.r SE.j- SE.r SE.r SE.r SE.r SE.s H2.45 «. 10 H ■ 4.20 10.25 4.50 10.35 0.45 Inch, 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 !02 'oo 00 00 .01 .01 48.0 47.3 45.2 41 43.0 43.0 42.8 43.0 40. 8 46.8 47.4 45. G 48.1 48.7 49.0 49.0 49.2 49.2 49.2 49.2 49.2 49.4 49.1 49.0 Light rain. S. Li'.dit tain. S. Light laiu.j S. Light lain. S. Cloudy .-..ID. Cloudy..... D. Light rain. 1). Light rain | D. Light rain. A. Light rain | A. Cloudy.... Cloudy Cloudy.... Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy..-. Light rain. Light vain Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy..., Cloudy.... Light Vain. Light rain. A. A. G. G-. IS. G. C. c. c. c. M. M. M. M. SEPTEMBER 6, 1SS3. [Latitude G4° 30' N., longitude 106° 30' W.l 1 a. m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. in. a. m. 7 a. m. 8 a. m. 9 a. m. 10 a. in. 11 a. in. 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p. m. 3 p. m. 4 p. in. 5 p. m. (i ]). m. 7 ]>. in. 8 p.m. 9 p. in. 10 p. m. 11 p. m. 12 p. in. 29. CG2 50.8 49.7 1 29. 659 50.7 00.1 | 29. G48 49.2 49.2 i 29. 026 48.4 48.4- 29. 023 46.8 46.8 29.011 45.4 45.4 29. 595 45.0 45.0 29. 579 4t. 7 44.7 29.5.51 45.4 45.4 29. 559 40.5 40.5 29. 562 47.8 47.0 29. 558 48.2 48. 1 29. 570 48.1 48.0 29. 582 47.3 47.0 29. 576 47.3 47.0 29. 575 48.6 4S.1 29. 577 48.8 48.1 29. 540 48.2 47.7 29. 535 47.0 40.9 29. 507 40.0 46.0 29. 510 45.9 45. 4 29. 507 40.2 45. 29. 505 40.2 45.5 29. 502 47.0 45.8 92 SSE. 96 SSE. 100 SSE. SSE. SSE. SSE. SSE. SSE. SE. SE. SE. SE. SE. SE. SSE. SE. SE. SE. SE. SE. 90 SE. 94 SE. 94 : SE. 94 ! SSE. Eresb... Fresh.. Fresh.. Gentle. Light . . Light.. Light . . Light . . Gentle . Fresh.. Fresh . . Fresh.. Fresli . . Fresli . . Fresh.. Fresh.. Fresh . . Fresh.. Fresh . . Fresh. . Fresh.. Fresh.. Fresh. Fresh. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. livlden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hiddeu. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Stratus . 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus 10 Nimbus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus- 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Strains . 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 1 Stratus . 10 j SE.s SE.s SE.S SE.S i.*45' 12.30 __ !o2 .01 !oi 00 :oT .01 00 00 00 00 .01 .02 .01 00 00 00 49.4 49.2 48.7 47.0 4G.8 46.0 45.5 44.2 43.5 44.8 48.2 48.8 49.5 48.5 4S. 1 49.5 49.5 48.8 46.0 44.7 44.7 ! 44.8 1 46.2 I 4B. 1 6.20 8.30 12.40 G.25 8.45 :::::: Cloudy. . S. Light rain '. S. Light r:i"j ?j Light rain. i S. Light rain. i>. Light rain. Cloudy.... Cloudy.... Light rain. Light rain. Light rain. Light rain. Cloudy.... Cloudv Cloudv.... Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy.... Ligh train - Light rain. Cloudy.... Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy . . . J). T>. 1). A. A. A. A. G. \t G. C. C. C. C. iir. M. M. ir. 1 light shower of r^in between observations. H. Ex. 44- -44 34G EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. Meteorological record of the voyage ofilie schooner Leo, etc. — Contimicu. SEPTEMBER 7, 1SS3-. [Washington time. Italic s signifies slow ,■ r signifies nqjid. Latitude C3° 44/ N., longitude 164 c 30' W.] P. of. 91 di 93 93 9+ 100 "Wind. SE. SSE. SSE. SSK. SSE. SE. 100 SE. 98 S. 98 SSE. 92 S. 92 S.' 96 S. 9(5 S. 98 S. 96 SSW. 96 SSW. 92 sw. 89 SW. 91 sw. 89 sw. 88 sw. 85 sw. 85 "WS"W. 83 ! WSW. Fresh.. Fresh.. Brisk.. Gentle . Gentle. Gentle . Gentle. Gentle. Fresh.. Eresli.. Fresh. . Eresli.. Brisk.. Brisk . . Brisk . . Brisk.. Brisk .. Brisk.. Brisk . . Brisk.. Brisk . . Fresh-. Eresli . . Fresh . . Upper clouds. Lower clouds Rain or snow. IT Circus . .' 1 I Bidden. Hidden. | ' o I Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. | | Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Niiulms. Ninabus. Nimbus. Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Nimbus. Stratus . Stratus . Cu. str . . Cn.str.. Stratus . Stratus . Grt. str , . Stratus . Cu. str . . Stratus . SE.s I) () (I S.s S.s S.r SSW.r SSW.r SW.r SW.r SW.s SW.s SW.s SW.s WSW.s WSW.s Inch 00 00 00 i 00 CO I 49.2 49.0 49. 48.4 40. 45. 8.30 .— 4.20 45.0 44.8 , — 45.0 00 45. 00 45.2 00 45. 4 00 44.8 00 40.1 00 46. G , — 46.7 .— 47.0 47.0 Cloudy... Cloudy. -- Cloudy... Cloudy. . . Cloudy. - . Light rain Light rain L'ght lain Cloud',.... Cloudy.. . Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Light rain . Cloudy... Cloudy ... 00 50. Cloudy - 00 ' 50.3 Cloud v. 47.5 Cloudy.... C. 48.0 ' Cloudy C. 48.8 ; Cloudy.... SI. 49.7 ! Cloudy. ... St. St SEPTEMBER 8,1883. [Latitude 63° 28' N., longitude 161° 33' W.] la.m. 2 a. in. 3a.m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. C a. in. 7 a. in. Sa. in. 9 a. in. 10 a. m. 11 a. m. 12 m. lp.m. 2 p. in. 3 p. in. 4 p. in. 5 p. m. Gp. m. 7 p. in. 8 p. in. 9 1). va . 10 p. in. Up. in. 12 p. m. 2!). C22 29. 636 29. 042 29. 651 29. 052 29. 052 29.052 , 45.0 2:1.051 ; 44.8 29.049 ; 4-1.(1 29. 004 : 43. 5 29. 072 ; 43.8 29.002 ! 44.0 29. 085 29. 086 29. 094 29. 708 29.710 29. 722 2!). 729 29.731 29. 742 29. 747 29. 755 47.5 40.0 47.2 45. 8 40.7 44.8 46. 2 44.0 45. 2 43.9 45. 44.0 43.0 43.0 42.8 43.3 45. ; 43. 8 45.8 45.0 47.0 ' 45.5 46. ! 44. 7 40.7 I 44.7 40.0 47.0 48.0 45. 8 45.0 45. 1 44.0 45. 44.9 44.5 43. 5 45.1 87 W\ Gentle. 89 w. Gentle . 85 "W. Gentle. 87 w r . Gentle . 89 WSW. Light.. 92 WSW. Gentle. 92 WSW. Gentle. 91 WSW. Gentle 90 WSW. (ientlc. 95 WSW. Gentle. 02 sw. Gentle . 94 SAT. Gcntle. 99 SW. Gentle. 91. sw. Gentle. 93 sw. (ientlc. 98 sw. Fresh.. 90 sw. Fresh.. 81 sw. Fresh.. 84 sw. Fresh. . 85 sw. Fresh . . 77 sw. Fresh.. 90 sw. Fresh.. 98 sw. Fresh.. 84 SSW. Light . . nidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. i o ! o j o I 1 o I Hidden. Hidden . Cumulus! 2 | Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. I | Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. ! °l ! o-| Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 9 Stratus 8 Stratus . 8 Stratus . 9 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 8 Nimbus. 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Cumulus 6 Nimbus. 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 9 Cu. str.. Nimbus. 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 SW.s c to- „ 512.20! SW " S }12.40< SW.s SW.s SW.r SW.r SW.r SW.s SW.s SW.s SW.r sw.,- SS W.s 2. 10 12.23 1.50 2.30 9.40 '10.15 00 50.2 00 50.4 oo 50.4 00 50. G 00 50. 4 00 50.3 00 50.4 00 50.4 00 00.5 60 50.2 00 50.3 00 50.8 50.7 01 51.0 51.0 i _ 51.1 i — 50.9 1 — 49.0 00 50.7 j 00 50. 5 | 00 50.4 — 4S.6 50. 00 50. Cle.-.ulv. Cloudy. Cloudy- Cloudy. Cloudy. Fair ... Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloud v- Cloudy. Cloud v. Light rain. G. Cloudy Cloud v Fair .' Light rain- Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Clondy. .. Light rain. Cloudy Cloudy.... G. G. Ct. c. M. M. M. M. SE M, ax. * Light showers at short intervals. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 347 Meteorological record of ihe voyage of 1he schooner Leo, dr. — Continued. SEPTEMBER !), 1883. [Washington time. Italic s signifies slow t r signifies rapid. Latitude GC 28' N, longitude 101° 33' W.] M & u % a o rt aj o c Hygrometer (corrected). a <0 © "Wind. Upper clouds. Lower elonds. Rain or snow. a .■ a ori - © 3 3 < -a u -■3 . j State of weather. Z> tr. H "3 ^> ■■»> R -2 o o o 3 •6 a a m o a 3 o 4 IT «i o bo S.9 R i> o c 3 a o .2 ■" o © 3 o O 5 ■n -3 D 29. 759 29. 702 29. 769 29. 769 29. 769 29. 7G9 29. T. r .G 29.890 29. 7 n 29. G89 29. 680 29. G39 29. 630 29. 620 20. 589 29. 572 29. 544 29.517 29. 484 29. 45G 29.413 29. 383 29. 370 29. 345 4-1. 2 42. C 42. 3 41.1 40. 2 40. S 40. S 41.0 42.0 43.0 43.0 43. -1 45.0 45. 45.2 45.4 4G. 46.7 47.0 47. 47.3 48.0 48.3 48.0 42. S 41. S 41.3 40.3 39.4 29. 8 39. S 40.0 41.3 41.4 41.3 41. S 43.0 43.1 43.2 44.0 44.0 45.7 41.5 1 1. G 41. G 45. (i 45.3 45.0 P.ct. 87 93 91 92 92 91 ill 91 89 87 86 87 84 So 84 89 84 92 81 82 SO 78 78 78 ssw. ssw. SSE. SSE. SSW. s. ESE. SSE. SSE. SSE. SSE. SSE. SE. BE. SE. SIC. SE. SE. SE. SE. SSE. SSE. SSE. bSE. Light.. Light.. Gentle. Gentle. Light.. Light.. Light.. Gentle. Gentle. Gentle (ientle Gentle. Gentle. Gealle. Gentle Fresh.. Fresh. . Fresh. . Fresh.. Fresh. . Fresh.. Brisk . . Fresh.. Fresh.. Hidden. | ! Hidden. » Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Stratus Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus . Stratus. Strains . Stratus . Nimbus. Nimbus. Nimbus. Stratus . Nimbus. Nimbus. Nimbus. Stratus . Stratus . Strains . Stratus 10 10 10 K 5 10 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 SSE. ° SE.r SE.r SE s SE g SSE.* SSE.s SSE r SE.r Inch. 00 (it) 00 00 00 50. 50.1 50. 1 50. 50. 2 Cloudy (fair .'. Fair Fair Fair Cloudy.... Fair Cloudy — Cloudy... Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy .. Light rain. Light rain Light, rain. Cloudy. . . Light lain. Light rain Light rain Cloudy. . . Cloudy. - - Cloudy. .. Cloud \ S. 1 11. 111. S. 2 V. 111. s. 3 a. in. SI, 4 a. in. 1). a a. in. 00 ; 50.3 00 :n- 2 id 50.0 I'll 5H.2 ml 50. 00 50.3 ID 50.1 I) C a. in. 7 a. in. S u. l;i. !l a. in. 1(1 a. in. 31 a. in. T). Ii. A. i: 12 in. 1 p. in. 2 p. in. :; p. in. 4 p. in. 5 p. in. 6 p. in. 7 p. m. S p. i.i. 9 p. in. 10 p. in. 11 p. in. 12 p. in. 1.20 5. 25 ...... "4.26' i 00 !oi .01 !oi .in .01 '00 •in 00 50. 1 50. 50. 2 50.1 50. 1 50. 50. 1. 50. 1 5(1. 1 50. 11 50. 1 50. 1 (";. c (r. 1;. Cr. (r. St. M. M. M. Si. M. NOTE.— 2.45 a. m. two meteors observed passing from Cygnus to Lyra. SEPTEMBER 10,1883. [Latitude 63° 28' X.. longitude 161° 3:;' TV.] 1 n. in. 29. 324 2d. 111. 29. 299 3 a. 111. 29. 272 4 a m. 29. 227 5 a m. 29. 195 6 a. in. 29. 156 7a Sa 111. in. 29. 110 29. 0GC 9 a. in. 10 a. in. 11 a. 111. 12 ni. 29. 052 29. 032 29. 005 28. 978 1 p. in. : 28. 9S3 2 p. 111. : 28.980 3 p. 111. 28. 991 4 p. 111. 28.991 5 p.m. 28.99(1 6 p.m. I 28.99G .7 p. m. j 8 p.m. j 9]). 111. 10 p. in. 11p.m. I 12 p m. 28. 995 28. 992 28. 984 '.8.981 28. 990 47.5 4e.o 47.0 44.8 45.0 44.0 45. 5 44.3 45.5 44.3 45.0 44.3 44.0 43.0 43. 5 42. G 1 43.1 42.1 43. S 42. 3 45. 5 4::.5 ' 40.0 43. 8 47.0 44.:: 47.7 45.5 48.(1 46.3 j 48.0 46.3 51.0 48.6 1 51.0 47.5 52.3 48.1 ! 51.0 49.2 ; 51.7 4S.0 ! 50. s 48. 2 49.0 47. 5 48.3 i 4G.8 ! 89 84 92 90 90 95 9G 93 92 SS 84 83 79 S3 S7 87 81 7G 82 92 85 87 89 89 ESE. SE. SSE. SE. SE. SE. SE. ESE. ESE. ESE. SE. SSE. SSE. SSE. SSE. SSE. s. ssw. ssw. SSAY. SSW. SSW. SW\ SSE. Fresh.. Fresh. . High ..' Brisk . . Brisk . . Brisk . . High .. High .. Brisk . . Brisk.. Brisk.. Frisk . . Liisk.. Brisk . . Fresh.. Fresh., (ientle. Gentle. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. I! idden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Gentle. Cir.Cu -1 1 Gentle, i Hidden. Gentle. I Cirrus ..' 2 1 Gentlo. Hidden. Light.. Cirrus -- : 1 ] Light.. Hidden. Nimbus.! 10 Stratus. 10 Nimbus | 10 Stratus .1 10 Stratus. I 10 Ninibir Nimbus Nimbus Nimbus Nimbus Stratus . Stratus. 10 Stratus . Stratus. Slratus . Stratus . Stratus -i 10 Stratus. 10 Stratus . Stratus .! Cumulus Stratus . Stratus .; Nimbus. 12. 45 5li. (I 1.30 .01 co.o ! 2.20 . — 50. 2 3.35 .01 50.1 00 49.8 49.8 5.10 .01 49.7 49.6 49.4 . .02 .01 49. 11 10. 10 . — 48. 8 SSE.s 00 49.2 SSE* 00 49. 2 SSE.s 00 49.2 SSE.s 00 49.4 SSE.s 00 49.5 SSE.s CO 49. G 00 00 49.4 48.7 SSW.s SSW.s 00 IS. 2 SSW.s co 48.6 SSU'.x 00 48. 5 SSW.S 00 48.7 SSW.s 11.50 "~ 48. G Light rain. A. Cloudy. .. j A. .1 i._ht 1 am A. Cloudy... A. Cloudy.- . : A. Light rain. I A. Light rain. Light rain. 1 i,,li f ra.si. Light rain. Cloudy. - - Cloudy. -- Cloudy. .. Cloudy Cloudy. .. Cloudy... Cloudy — Cloudy.... Cloudy..-. Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Light iain. A. A. M. Jl. jr. si. sr. si. A. A. A. A. G. G. (1. Cr. (1. G. 348 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW. ALASKA. Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, dr. — Continued. SEPTEMBER 11, -1883. [Washington time. Italic * signifies slow ; r signifies rapid. Latitude 03° 28' N., longitude 1C1° 33' W.J Hygrometer (corrected). Wind Fpper cloud?. Lower clouds. iiam or snow. rr ! c c- O 1 a. 111. 20. 005 2 a. m. 29.011 3 a. ra. 29.013 4 a. m. 29. 014 5 a. m. 29. 015 Ca. ra. 29. 022 7 a. m. 29. 038 8 a. m. 29. 053 9 a, m. 29. C68 10 a. ra. 29. 085 11a. ra. 29. 104 12 m 29. 131 lp. m. 29.173 2 p. m. 29. 193 3 p. m. 29. 220 4 p. m. 29. 235 5 p. m. 29. 207 Cp m. 29. 280 7 v- ra. 29. 275 8 p. m. 29. 330 9 p. m. 29. 335 10 p. ra. 29. 350 lip. m. 29. 370 12 p. ra. 29. 383 48.0 47.7 47.3 47.0 46.3 45.0 45.3 45.0 45.0 40. 40.2 40.1 45.8 45. ■15.2 40.2 45.2 45.0 45.0 45.0 44.5 44.7 44.3 44.0 48.0 47.6 47.0 47.0 45.8 45.3 45.2 45.0 45.0 45.9 40. 1 45.9 45.0 44.5 44.7 45.2 44.5 45.0 44.5 44.5 43.0 43.7 43.4 43.3 P.ct. 100 99 98 100 E0 98 99 100 100 so 99 98 98 90 90 92 96 100 96 96 88 92 92 94 SE. Light. SE. Light. ENE. Light. ENE. Light . Calm. SE. I Light. SSW. sw. SAY. SW. wsw. sw. sw. sw. sw. wsw. wsw. WNW. wsw. wsw. wsw. wsw. sw. sw. Light.. Gentle Gentle . Gentlo Fresh . . Fresh . . Fresh . . Gentlo Gentlo . Light.. Fresh.. Fresh.. Brisk . . Fresh.. Brisk . . Brisk.. Brisk.. Brisk.. 2 t> a a I a ra -u> §8 O a 8* « « Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. I | Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. I | Hidden. Hidden. Hidden, nidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. a I si Nimbus Nimbus Nimbus Nimbus. Nimbus. j Nimbus. Nimbus. I Nimbus. : Nimbus. j Stratus . 1 Nimbus. Stratus . ' Nimbus. Nimbus. Stratus . | Stratus . I Nimbus. i Nimbus. Cu. st... ! Cu. st... Nimbus. Stratus . Nimbus. Stratus . 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 10 10 i 10 10 10 10 10 SW.s SW.r SW.r SW.r SW.r SW.r W.s W.s W.s W.s WSW.J SW.s SW.s 9.20 10.40 '11.20 12.15 4.45 8.45 iofio' 2.40 6.15 9.20 11.30 Inch .01 48.5 48.0 , — 48.5 .01 48.3 . — 48.2 .01 48.2 .01 48.5 . — 48.5 .01 48.5 . — 48.5 .01 48.7 .01 48.9 .01 49.0 .— 49.0 . — 49.0 .00 49.0 . 49.0 ■— 49.2 t 49.0 .00 49.3 , — 48.8 . — 48.8 .01 48.7 48.6 Light r.iin. Light rain. Light' rain. Light rain Light rain. Light rain.' S. Light rain, j G. Lightrain I G. Light rain.j G. Cloudy.... I G. Lightrain. I G. Cloudy.... G. Lightrain., D. Light rain. I D. Fair | D. Cloudy....) D. Lightrain.) L. Lightrain. L. Cloud v.... L. Cloudy....] L. Lightrain. M. Cloudy.... M. Light rain. I M. Cloudv.,.. M. SEPTEMBER 12, 1883. [Latitude 03° 48' N., longitudo 161° 12' W.] 1 a, m. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4 a. m. 5 a. m. a. m. 7 a. in. 8 a, m. | 9 a, m. 10 a. ra. 11 a. ra. ! 12 m. 1 p. m. 2 p. in. 3 p. in. 4 p. in. 5 p. in. 6 p. in. 7 p. in. 8 p. m. 9 p. m. 10 p. ra. 11 p. m. 12 p. in. 29. 391 43.8 43.4 97 29. 400 43.6 43.4 98 29.418 44.0 43.7 98 29. 434 43.7 43.6 99 29.44S 42.8 42.6 93 29. 452 43.2 43.1 99 29. 455 43.4 43.8 99 29. 480 43.0 42.8 98 29. 490 44.6 44.6 109 29.510 45.0 44.8 98 29. 532 45.0 44.8 98 29. 555 45. 2 44.6 95 29. 5S3 45. (I 43.6 89 29.002 45. 5 43.3 84 29. 621 45.1 43.1 81 29. 628 45.2 42.8 81 29. 052 45. 3 44.0 88 29. 659 45.5 41.0 83 29. 676 45.0 44.0 92 29. 671 40.0 44.0 S4 2'.). 678 40.0 43.0 77 29.081 40.0 42.7 75^ 29. 683 45. 8 42. S 77 29. 085 40.0 42.8 7G SW. SW. SSW. S. SSW. SSW. SSW. sw. sw. sw. wsw. WNW. NW. NW. NW. NW. NW. NW. NW. NW. WNW. NW. NW. NW. Brisk . . Brisk . . nigh .. High .. High .. High .. High .. Bus!:.. Fresh.. Fresh.. Gentlo . Fresh.. Fresh..' Fresh.. Fresh.. Fresh . . Fresh.. Fresh.. Hidden. Hidden. Bidden, nidden. Hidden. Hidden. nidden. Bidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Hidden. Cir. cu..| 1 Cir. cu.. 2 Cir. cu..| 1 Hidden. Cir. cu Light « Cir. st .. ) Cir. cu. Light.. Cir. st . Fresh.. Cir. st . Cir. st. . Fresh Fresh.. Fresh.. Cir. cu. Cir. st . Nimbus. 10 Nimbus . 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus. 10 Nimbus 10 Nimbns. 10 Stratus . 10 Stratus . 10 Cumulus 9 Strains .1 7 Stratus.' 9 10 6 4 4 Cu. Cu. st... ]Ci . st.. Cn. st... Cu. st... Cu. st... Cu. St... Stratus . Cu. St... W.s NW.r NW.r NW.r NW.s NW.s NW.s 1 12. 15 ii."2o" ].... 01 48.7 Light rain. S. 01 48. G Lightrain. S. 02 48.6 Lightrain. s. 01 48.5 Light rain. s 03 48.5 Light rain B\ 02 48.5 Light rain . 1>. 01 48.5 Lightrain. J)? 01 48.4 Light rain . L\ 01 48.0 Lightrain. A. — 48.8 Lightrain. A. 01 49.0 Lightrain. A. — 48. G Cloudy A. 00 48.6 Cloud v G. 00 49.1 Cloud v — G. 00 49.0 Cloudy G. 00 49.0 Cloudy G. 00 49.0 Cloud \-.... L. 00 49.4 Cloudy.... L. 00 49. 2 Fair l! 00 49.4 Fair l: 00 49.0 Fair M. 00 49.0 Fair M. 00 48.9 Cloudy.... M. 00 49.0 Fair M. EXPEDITION TO POINT BAH HOW, ALASKA. M9 Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, dc. — Continued. SEPTEMBEK 13, 188:.'.. [Washington time. Italic s signifies slow; ■>• signifies rapid. Latitude 01° 15' ST.. Iongitu«le 102° 20' \V.] Hygrometer "Wind. c- o (corrected). >> V e o •5 , +3