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 Republic in the Family of Nations:" 
 A SERMON 
 
 DFLIVEKED AT 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C, 
 
 BY THK PASTOK, 
 
 Rev. BYRON SUNDERLAND, D. D., 
 
 SABBATH, JULY 5TH, 1885, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. : 
 R. O. POI.KINHORN * SON'. I'ttivrFW;. 
 1885. 
 
Our Republic in the Family of Nations 
 A SERMON 
 
 DFLIVERED AT 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
 
 W A S H I I^ G T (^N , D . . , ^"5 ®E^< 
 
 
 HV THE PASTOR, ■. , , 
 
 Rev. BYRON SUNDERLAND, D. D., 
 
 SABBATH, JULY 5TH, 1885 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. : * 
 
 K. O. POLKINIIORN & SON, PRINTKKS. 
 1885. 
 

Washington, D. C, July 9, 1885. 
 Rev. Byron Sunderland, D. D. : 
 
 Dear Sir: Your sermon of last Sabbath, appropriate to the anni- 
 versary of American independence, has been an especial subject of 
 gratified comment among those who were so fortunate as to hear it. 
 Believing that its impressive and eloquent exhibit of the lessons of our 
 country's history should be in a form for preservation and general cir- 
 culation, we earnestly request that you furnish the manuscript of the 
 discourse for publication. 
 
 We are, with great respect, 
 
 yours triily, 
 Charles L. Du Bois. Edw. D. Tracy. David Wolfe Brown. 
 
 Theo. F. Sargent. John E. Carpenter. Wm. B. Bryan. 
 John B. Wight. Dr. G. F. Johnston. A. W. Pentland. 
 
 Rev. John Maclean. M. Wylie. A. B. Webb. 
 
 John U. O'Meara. D. E. Cahill. Wm. C. O'Meara. 
 
 Asa Whitehead. D. D. Smith. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 9, 1885. 
 
 To Charles L. Du Bois, Edw. D. Tracy, 
 
 David Wolfe Brown and others: 
 
 Gentlemen: Your very flattering request of this date is before me. 
 The discourse was prepared in the ordinary round of Pastoral duty, 
 and with no thought whatever of publication. But I yield to your 
 judgment, and place the manuscript at your disposal. 
 With affectionate regard, 
 
 B. Sunderland. 
 
-vey 
 
SERMON 
 
 Ps. cxlvii. 20. " He hath not dealt so with any nation." 
 
 The patriot Psalmist celebrates God's dealing with his 
 people. Divine care of the nations is a sublime study. If, 
 in some respects, the Hebrew story is unparalleled, yet the 
 rise of this Republic is one of the greatest marvels. 
 
 It took four hundred years to collect the elements of the 
 nation which Moses led through the wilderness, and which 
 Joshua planted in Canaan. It took five hundred years more 
 of the theocracy to consolidate the tribes into a formal na- 
 tional unity. The monarchy lasted a thousand years, but 
 it was not a happy family. At the close of the third reign 
 the tribes were sundered. Two kingdoms arose in the place 
 of one. Ten tribes made Samaria their capital, two only 
 adhered to the City of David. 
 
 Seven hundred years B. C. Samaria was blotted from the 
 map of nations. Two hundred years later the Jews were 
 carried to Babylon. Five hundred years later still Judea 
 became a Roman province and every vestige of Jewish 
 nationality was swept away. 
 
 At no time was the territory of the Hebrew monarchy 
 larger than the State of Vermont. The life of the humbler 
 classes was pastoral and agricultural. The arts were few and 
 primitive. Religion was the engrossment and war the trade 
 of men — yet the nation shone in oriental splendor — in gold 
 and jewels and wealth of gorgeous apparel. The vast founda- 
 tions of law and order and human civilization were laid. 
 Prophets became the teachers of mankind, and the door 
 was opened to still grander changes and possibilities of the 
 future. 
 
When America was discovered, the family of nations had 
 been re-cast. Africa had sunken in unknown darkness. 
 Asia, the scene of the Dispersion and of the first Empires was 
 drowsy in the sleep of ages. Europe alone gave signs of 
 life, while yet a mighty incubus sat upon her breast. The 
 Fourth Empire had gone in pieces. The Ten Kingdoms were 
 instinct with forces ready to awake at the trumpet call of 
 the Reformation. But Italy was still the provid seat of the 
 Papal Church — Germany lay panting and dreaming at 
 her feet. Austria and Spain, France and England were her 
 favored daughters. The latter three contended for the 
 leadership of the world. Russia, dark and gruesome, was 
 rising in the North. The foot of the Turk was on the neck 
 of Greece. 
 
 The new found continent became the quest of imperial 
 ambition. Exploration followed. Colonies were planted. 
 The standards of Europe floated wherever the royal Powers 
 could obtain a foot-hold. Finns, Swedes, Dutch, Germans, 
 French, Spaniards, Irish, Scotch and English sought the 
 Hesperian shores. Papists, Puritans, Quakers, Huguenots, 
 Episcopalians, Presbyterians came hither during that col- 
 onial period of almost three hundred years. The jealousies 
 and wars of the Kingdoms for the possession of this country 
 ended with the peace of Paris, 1768. The thirteen colonies 
 became dependencies of the British crown. The Protestant 
 religion was thus rooted in this soil. 
 
 To a few years' oppression by King and Parliament we 
 can trace the rejoicing of yesterday. Taxation without 
 representation was the initial oi the contest. Acts of coercion 
 and injustice precipitated the Declaration. The die was cast. 
 Never was any nation so planted in prayers and tears ; 
 never was God's hand more marked in the affairs of any 
 people since the world began. 
 
 It has been the fashion with sceptics of the present century 
 to ascribe to Thomas Paine, who afterwards declared him- 
 
self a deist and impugned the bible, a reward of merit in 
 the war of the Revolution, to which he is not justly entitled, 
 and which will be lessened rather than increased in the 
 judgment of posterity. He was'once a Quaker preacher of 
 Thetford. But having had a checkered career, and finally 
 spoiled his prospects at home, he came to the colonies as an 
 adventurer, having obtained from Benjamin Franklin, then 
 in London, a note of introduction to his son-in-law Richard 
 Bache, of Philadelphia — at which city he arrived in Decem- 
 ber, 177-i. His pamphlet entitled " Common Sense" was 
 published January 10th, 1776, about thirteen months after his 
 arrival. In this pamphlet he testifies that he has never 
 met a man, either in Englandtor America, who believed 
 that separation from the mother country would not come 
 sooner or later. 
 
 Abigail Adams, the first lady who occupied the White 
 House, from the little farm at the foot of Penn Hill, wrote 
 her husband at Philadelphia, in November, 1775, these 
 words : 
 
 "I could not join to-day in the petitions of our worthy 
 pastor for reconciliation. Let us separate ; they are no lon- 
 ger worthy to be our brethren. Let us renounce them, and 
 instead of supplications, as formerly, for their prosperity and 
 happiness, let us beseech the Almighty to blast their coun- 
 sels and bring to naught all their devices." 
 
 This noble woman, two months before " Common 
 Sense" appeared, had voiced the sentiment which was 
 quickening in the hearts of the colonists. Paine was sharp 
 to see the drift of public opinion. He seized the opportu- 
 nity to appeal to the religious faith oi the harassed people. 
 He drew an argument from the Old Testament against 
 monarchical government. This was the chief emphasis of 
 his pamphlet: It proved to be a spark to fire the train 
 already laid. I have no wish unjustly to detract from the 
 
6 
 
 merit of any actor in that day of Revolution, but had he 
 then insulted the colonies with a book, which he called 
 the " Age of Reason " — finished among the scenes of " The 
 French Reign of Terror" — and published seventeen years 
 after the pamphlet " Common Sense," he would have been 
 hissed into obscurity, by a people too thoroughly religious 
 and too grandly in earnest to be trifled with or deceived 
 by the flippant sophistry of Unbelief. 
 
 The story of that great time will descend to the latest 
 generations. The subjects of complaint were far difi'erent 
 from those of the Egyptian bondage, and in the comparison 
 not wholly intolerable. But it only goes to show the pro- 
 gress of the sentiment of human freedom, fraternity, and 
 equality, under the light of a restored Christianity, and that 
 the eighteenth century of the Gospel of Jesus found men 
 ready to resist oppression which, in the age of Moses, would 
 have been deemed a fantasy'. 
 
 Our fathers and mothers were the children of men who 
 fought that mighty battle — and of the women on whose hearts 
 the soldiers of Independence leaned for sympathy and cour- 
 age. 
 
 When the war was over and the Constitution adopted, the 
 infant Republic stood upon this narrow strip of Atlantic sea 
 coast from Maine to the Carolinas — three millions of people, 
 in deVjt, battered, impoverished, exhausted by the long 
 dcf^olation — but filled with the hopes of a splendid future, 
 and ready for the last and greatest experiment of self-gov- 
 ernment. Was there ever anything like it on the face of 
 the earth ? Has God ever dealt so with any nation ? 
 
 Wehave heard of many formsof government, but was there 
 ever any human government that has prospered in a single 
 century as this has ? This Republic is purely Democratic. 
 The Greek and Roman Republics were aristocratic, giving 
 rise to innumerable conflicts between patrician and plebeian, 
 succeeded always by the sceptre and the crown. But here 
 
we have no hereditary titles ; no law of primogeniture ; no 
 privileged nobility ; no feudal system ; no union of Church 
 and State. All men are free and equal before the law. All 
 the great offices are elective, to which citizens home-born 
 may all aspire. The legalized forms of slavery have 
 ceased forever. There remains but one relic of barbarism, 
 foisted on the nation by a mockery of religion, and des- 
 tined to perish with the delusion which gave it birth. 
 In this country people of every language, race, religion or 
 no religion, find a home ; — unless it be a Chinese influx, like 
 a stone in the stomach, that cannot assimilate. Our public 
 domain is far larger than the Roman Empire in its palmiest 
 days. Our system of jurisprudence is a vast improvement 
 on the legal customs of other times and of other lands. 
 
 The schools of the Republic are one of its grandest feat- 
 ures. Education is bound to be universal. The land already 
 shines with the white light of intelligence diffused in every 
 part. Illiteracy here is a doomed thing. The Press has a 
 freedom of scope which it- enjoys in no other land on the 
 face of the globe — and though it is often prostituted to the 
 vilest purposes — though it reeks with falsehood till society 
 finds vent in the amazement of Falstaff himself when he, 
 not the most truthful of men, cries out, " How this world is 
 given to lying!" Nevertheless it has a marvellous mission 
 and is everywhere instinct with the spirit of information, 
 and a vast educational power. Our resources are immense. 
 The cities and towns, the great thoroughfares and water 
 courses, the countless industries, the arts, the inventions, the 
 mastery of the elements, the power of travel, of transporta- 
 tion, and of inter-communication, the flashing of intelhgence, 
 the literature, the science, the philosophy, and above all the 
 religious spirit of our times — are the wonders of a civiliza- 
 tion that seems only yet to be upon the threshold of its 
 course. 
 
 Our hundred years of national life is simply monu- 
 
mental. Almost the latest-born in the family of nations, our 
 history has been a surprise to other people and to ourselves, 
 at every step of our advancement. For many years the 
 monarchists of Europe looked upon our Government as 
 only a wild experiment that must end in failure. To all 
 these animadversions the logic of events responds. In 
 all our wars peace has come only to enrich us with new 
 spoils. Would to God the soul of the nation were not stained 
 with so many wrongs done to the Red man, who, in his turn 
 has wreaked vindictive vengeance. Will a day of reckoning 
 ever come ! 
 
 In the last and greatest war, the world looked on in 
 terror — some fearing and some gloating over the antici- 
 pated catastrophe. The Republic, they said, had gone to 
 pieces in the red sea of civil strife. What should we do 
 with human bondage ? What with the national debt ? What 
 with two millions of fighting men suddenly released from 
 the bloody trade of war ? What with the negro race ? What 
 with the fragments of shattered States? Time has already 
 made reply. We are a single people — "Union and liberty now 
 and forever,one and inseparable!" All men are free. The race 
 question is settling itself The franchise will be maintained. 
 The debt is being paid, The national credit never stood so 
 high as at this moment. Our currency is the finest in the 
 world. The States have been restored, — not a star blotted 
 out, not a stripe effaced. Our armies have melted away into 
 the arts of peace — -belted and spurred while the conflict raged, 
 but when it was over, home-sick for the old faces and old 
 places where they sported in childhood, and where tliey 
 missed so many they would meet here no more. 
 
 Our Government has been shocked and tested in other 
 ways. Four Presidents have died in office, two by the in- 
 visible hand of disease, two by assasination. They were 
 fearful strokes, and smote home to the nation's heart. But 
 the patience and the sym{)athy of the peo})le have simply 
 
9 
 
 been sublime. In an elective government there will always 
 be sectional interests and political parties, and with a people 
 as mercurial and yet as wise as our own, it is one of the 
 noblest characteristics that when the national suffrage has 
 rendered its decree, all law abiding people immediately sub- 
 mit as to the supreme fiat of the land— for we must never for- 
 get that we may be of this section or of that, of this party 
 or of that, but we are all Americans with a common pride 
 in our institutions, and a common interest in their purity 
 and prosperity. The silent transition of such vast pov/er 
 from living hand to living hand — not as in m(marchies from 
 the dead to the living — is it not wonderful? 
 
 So the Providence of Grod has Ted us on; and what is it now 
 that calls forth this amazing popular energy ? The problems 
 of society are not all resolved. Individual hardship and 
 perhaps class hardship there must be. No great policy is 
 perfect yet. There are many questions that are taxing the 
 highest genius of the nation. But the whole tendency of 
 our national life is to grapple with the great existing evils, 
 to look them squarely in the face, and make the charity 
 and philanthrophy of Christ effectual in suppressing ig- 
 norance and crime, idleness and vice, selfishness and pov- 
 erty and misery of every form. This is the practical aim 
 of Christianity. This is the end of that religion which 
 more than any other influence has made us what Ave are, 
 and which the Divine Founder designed should be the 
 chief blessins: to men, women and children in all our 
 generations! 
 
 Yes, it is now more than ever the land of the bible and 
 the sanctuarj^ — I wish I might add of the quiet sabbath — 
 the day of rest — the one great landmark of the beneficence 
 of the Almighty to His human creatures. We need this 
 pause in the fever and tumult of our times. AVe need it for 
 the repose of body and soul. We need it for a people whose 
 life is fo intense, so exacting, so consuming. 
 
10 
 
 And this is the theatre that God has given us — a land 
 where human nature is under a mighty pressure — and all 
 there is of it is turned inside out. There is no more any 
 privacy in human conduct. It is the day of judgment for 
 every human being. We know the worst and the best of 
 human society. We know its defects and its excellencies, and 
 there is a grand process of development going on to estab- 
 lish mankind more firmly in material comfort, morality and 
 a spiritual religion. 
 
 Here is our country planted in the breast of the oceans, 
 cut oft' from " entangling alliances," isolated, independent, 
 magnificent, sublime. We believe it is the point of sup- 
 port — the fulcrum of God's lever to lift up the world. In 
 the family of nations the Republic stands unique and un- 
 paralled — a marvellous creation, an agent of immense force 
 through the prodigious influence of its silent example. 
 
 A hundred years ago the eastern half of Asia was shut 
 away from the occidental world — buried amid ancient cus- 
 toms which had nothing in common with the advancement 
 of modern civilization. India was already in the grasp of 
 British power. The Persians and their mountain neigh- 
 bors were hedged about with giant forests and desert soli- 
 tudes. Over the western half of the continent the Crescent 
 was already paling. The wars with Russia in the north and 
 France and England in the south, were wasting the Moslem 
 strength and preparing "the sick man" for his last transi- 
 tion. In Europe Imperialism and the Hierarchy had 
 reached their culmination. The Reformation had cloven 
 in twain the Papal kingdoms. Spain had lost her prestige. 
 Russia was looming into gigantic proportions round the en- 
 tire Arctic circle. The Low countries were the home of the 
 Dutch Republic — and the British Empire had become Pro- 
 testant under a constitutional monarchy. The German 
 Principalities were seething with intestine commotions, 
 Austria adhered with a fatal devotion to the Papal cause. 
 
11 
 
 Poland was dismembered ; Prussia emasculated ; France, 
 on the eve of an explosion; and the lesser countries, trem- 
 bling with convulsions which shook the continent from 
 center to circumference. In little Switzerland — that eagle's 
 nest— the egg of Eepublican liberty was laid. Calvin 
 was the champion of doctrines which bore their fruit in 
 the colonial Congress. Lonely, benighted, down-trodden 
 Africa sent forth a loud and bitter cry, when all around her 
 coast the slave ships hovered to take their cargoes of quiver- 
 ing human flesh. 
 
 South America and Mexico were dominated by the west- 
 ern nations of Europe. Louisiana belonged to France, Can- 
 ada to England, Alaska to Russia. The islands were shrouded 
 in obscurity. Australia had just received the first English 
 colony at New South Wales. This was the map of the na- 
 tions a century ago when the old bell at Philadelphia tolled 
 out the Declaration on the ears of a people driven to these 
 western wilds by the storms of religious persecution, and 
 bent now on independence and freedom to worship God ! 
 
 And what have we seen in this family of nations since 
 then ? Thomas Paine, while a member of the French As- ' 
 sembly predicted that Europe would be Republican in seven 
 years. Twenty years later Napoleon said that in half a 
 century Europe would be either all Cossack or all Eepubli- 
 can. Neither of these men were accurate as to the time, 
 but certainly the secret forces of humanity in one form or 
 other are waking up and preparing the way for a new order 
 of things. Immense changes have already transpired. At 
 the bottom of these changes lies the foundation truth of the 
 fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man. We are 
 finding out that the world has been governed too much — 
 that the masses have been trampled down by the few — that 
 true nobility is not by titled descent — that prince and peas- 
 ant, white men, yellow men, red men, and black men were 
 made of one blood in all the earth — and that distinctions 
 
12 
 
 of rank ought to spring from merit rattier than from birth 
 — that intellect is .better than brawn and wisdom than coffers 
 of gold ; that the mastery of mind over matter excels the 
 mastery of matter over mind ; that the arts of peace are 
 far grander than the arts of war ; that political economy 
 is not simply the excise, revenue, customs, tariffs, taxes and 
 the expenses and disbursements of a government resting 
 upon the pillars of physical power, but a science of indus- 
 try, frugality, morality and intelligence ; that the protec- 
 tion and happiness of society means that the strong shall 
 ' help the weak, that human misfortune shall create houses 
 of refuge and fields of labor, and that the miseries of men 
 shall awaken the sacred charities of humanity. 
 
 Going along with these things are equal laws, liberal 
 legislation, pure administration, incorruptible courts, per- 
 sonal freedom, a fair chance in the race of life, social order, 
 with all the grand and generous hopes, the noble aspira- 
 tions and thrilling possibilities which give to men and 
 women the sacred motives of activity in every great de- 
 partment of human enterprise. 
 
 Prejudice and prescription have amazing tenacity. Re- 
 form of old abuses and deeply rooted errors evermore 
 marches slowly, but thanks be to God, will surely arrive at 
 ! last. We have discovered this prime fact in human his- 
 j tory, that whenever any great step is about to be taken 
 i in human progress, God has his man ready, and there at his 
 post we find him ! What have we seen in Europe during 
 this hundred years? — the two Napoleon empires, the revolu- 
 tions of '48 ; the cessation of Russian serfdom ; Italy unified ; 
 the Papacy bereft of temporal power ; Germany in the as- 
 cendant; France attempting republican government — Eng- 
 land shaken with home pains and colonial convulsions, put- 
 ting forth immense power in many directions — forcing opium 
 on China, blowing Sepoys from the cannon's mouth, grasping 
 territory in every quarter of the globe, adding India to the 
 
13 
 
 empire, making reluctant concessions of free-trade and suf- 
 frage, while Ireland like a burning fever is raging at her 
 heart. No country has been so powerfully affected by this, 
 our silent American example, as that Mother land from 
 which the colonies were separated a century ago. In this 
 example the Hberal party now dominant in the British 
 islands has found its chief support and keenest inspiration. 
 The monarchy is but a name. The government of England 
 is already an aristocratic Eepublic. It will become more 
 and more a democratic government. The nations cannot 
 behold the example of this American Union without being 
 transformed into the same image. That fearful, desperate, 
 diabolical protest against absolute despotism, which men 
 call Nihilism, is batan insane cry of the oppressed for the lib- 
 erty conferred in this Eepublic. Human souls, mad with 
 the wrongs and outrages of ages, forgetting God and in- 
 spirited of Satan, seek clandestine vengeance on the power 
 that holds them down. Alas, they have never studied 
 the religious fervor and subhme trust in God in which 
 our Republic was born. 
 
 But not alone in Europe is our example teaching the na- 
 tions. Like the Queen of Sheba seeking to know the glory 
 of Solomon — kings and emperors from distant regions — am- 
 bassadors from the oldest governments existing upon earth, 
 have come in person among us to study our institutions, and 
 bear away into remote countries, the light of our intelligence 
 and the life of our pursuits. Already the moral sun of lib- 
 erty, which broke upon the world in the Hall of Indepen- 
 dence, has begun to rise over the night of oriental peoples. 
 During this time we have planted a Republic on the west- 
 ern coast of Africa, and established a marine police to pre- 
 vent the recurrence of the infamous slave trade. But above 
 all and beyond all our Republic has done for the ameliora- 
 tion of the world, are the American Christian Missions now 
 planted in every quarter of the globe, and breathing forth 
 
14 
 
 on the tribes, long perishing in darkness, the life-giving 
 spirit of that Almighty Being who inspired our Revolution 
 and gave us this mighty christianized civil State — the 
 standing miracle of the nations. 
 
 Sometimes, when I think of it all, a vision rises before 
 me, something like what I imagine was the vision of a pro- 
 phet in the ancient time. 
 
 I see a form, bloody and pale at first, ascending on the 
 face of the earth. There is carnage at its appearance. I 
 hear the shoutings of captains and the thunder of battle, and 
 where the death storm falls and the iron hail, I hear the 
 moans of the dying ; the faces grow white and the grave 
 gathers over them. At length I see unnumbered mounds 
 and the dark cypress waving above them. Then I see a 
 procession of mourners — the widows and iair brides of the 
 dead crape-clad — bewailing the slaughter, and millions of 
 tears watering the flowers they have planted in the places 
 of sepulture. But they are proud in their desolation for their 
 heroes have died bravely. Then far away the dun clouds of 
 war are wafted sullenly, and the hoarse raven dips his 
 beak no more in the blood of the slain. Whereat I see the 
 form first rising, as it were, of a woman full of charms — ris- 
 ing upward still more beautiful and majestic — and there is a 
 garment of light about her, and she has a golden girdle as 
 of a constitution, and her feet are sandaled with declara- 
 tions, and a wreath of laws is on her brow, and a mighty 
 sword is in her uplifted hands, and scales as it had been of 
 justice. And power is given to her and great attraction. 
 New motions of life begin to stir among the human masses, 
 for a divine prowess seems flowing down upon them from 
 her presence. And stars become the symbols of her dominion 
 to prophesy of the future, as the stripes are of her struggles 
 telling of the sorrows of the past. And the people hail her 
 as they would a great deliverance ; and mighty plaudits and 
 greetings of fervent joy ascend to heaven. 
 
15 
 
 Then I saw the genius of that form beating as the life 
 blood beats in the heart of a giant when a large work is to 
 be clone ; and I saw how all the older forms of government 
 paled before this fair daughter of the nations ; how ancient 
 laws and constitutions bowed their reverend heads, and all 
 the fame of antiquity did obeisance. The sons of science, 
 the sages and ministers of learning, and all the men of 
 might, were filled with admiration. And still that form 
 rose higher with herculean strength, and brighter with the 
 beams of angelic hope, and geography had to be re-written 
 to correct her boundaries, and political arithmetic and 
 economy had to change their data to give a wider scope 
 to her problem of human destiruy. Oppression trembled 
 before her, and the infernal arts of conquest and subver- 
 sion were paralvzed beneath her glance — and there away 
 in the van of universal liberty and light, law and religion, 
 strode the form of the Powerful — a Titan strength pulsing 
 in her breast — the smile of the Almighty impressed upon 
 her brow. The children gleesome saluted her with morn- 
 ing benisons, and the old men left her their benediction 
 when they died. And as that form fairer and mightier 
 rose upon my gaze, I wept and clapped my hands for joy, 
 for I discerned in its greatness the spirit of my country! 
 Amen. 
 
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