Class -?M H33 Book ,E cs r — t * Z-Cg/c^ Trimer. J ^ Some Lcg'cil Notroni to ini ia?e 4« «f r;> £ INDIANS in the know- -£- *g I iueh as are Teacheis among theia. J* Competed by fJFPlofzht M Jr pfcof-'fhc Przjhg Indians. ^' ^ The ufe of this Iron Key is to *&i ^ 'pen rhe rich Treafury qfjji ^ the hcly Sciipr.urcs, J**- ^v rrov. t . 4 . -To /«« fabrilty U the ^ *£ fkfiple i /* rfc; jw#g m&* kftpw- O ""g* / (Pj&^iVJbv Jfr/./ ELIOT'S Logic Primer Of the i,OGic Primer one hundred and fifty copies have been printed and the type distributed. This is No. CS f The Burrows Brothers Company JOHN ELIOT The Logic Primer Reprinted from the Unique Original of 1672 With Introduction by Wilberforce Eames CLEVELAND The Burrows Brothers Company 1904 3 o Introduction PI 'THE little book of which a reprint is offered now, for the first time, to the collector, is one of the rarest of early American publications. Only- one copy is known to have survived the lapse of time, out of the edition of one thousand which was printed by Marmaduke Johnson at his press in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1672, and this one has strayed far from the place of its origin, being now pre- served in the British Museum, where it bears the press-mark 526. a. 40. - Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull, in his Introduction Origin and Early Progress of Indian Missions in New England (Worcester, 1874), pp. 23, 40, made an error in stating that the British Museum copy belongs to the Grenville Collection. He also made the statement, which was repeated by Mr. H. R. Tedder in the Dictionary of National Biography , vol. xvii. (1889), p. 194, that there is another copy in the Bodleian. On writing to the librarian, however, in 1889 and again recently, answer was received both times that the Bodleian does not possess the book. Mr. Ted- der was the first one to mention the fact that the primer is in Indian, with interlinear translation. The original edition measures about three inches and three-eighths in Introduction height, by two inches and a quarter in width, and contains forty leaves not paged, with sheet-marks A to E in eights, including the blank leaf before the title. The running heading of each page is The Logic k Primer. In 1889 the whole book was photographed, by permission of the authorities of the British Museum, at the expense of the late James C. Pilling, of the Bureau of Ethnology at Washington, in an edition of six copies, and from one of these photographic reproductions the present reprint is made. At the time when this book was first published, John Eliot had been engaged for twenty-six years in educa- tional work among the Massachusetts Indians. He began to teach them in Introduction their own tongue in 1646, and he had translated into their language, and had seen through the press, the whole Bible, two editions of a Cate- chism, a Primer, Baxter's Call to the Unconverted, Bayly's Practice of Piety y a grammar of the Indian language in English, and some minor publications. He was therefore well qualified by knowledge and experience for the un- dertaking of " a lecture in logic and theology," which he started at Natick in 1670. Writing to the Corporation in London " for the promoting and propagating of the gospel of Jesus Christ in New England," on Septem- ber 20, 1670, he says: "And seeing they must have Teach- ers amongst themselves, they must Introduction also be taught to be Teachers: for which cause I have begun to teach them the Art of Teaching, and I find some of them very capable. And while I live, my purpose is (by the Grace of Christ assisting) to make it one of my chief cares and labours to teach them some of the Liberal Arts and Sciences, and the way how to ana- lyze, and lay out into particulars both the Works and Word of God; and how to communicate knowledge to others methodically and skillfully, and especially the method of Divinity."* To his friend, the Hon. Robert Boyle, he also wrote on September 30, * Eliot's Brief Narrative of the Progress of the Gospel ainongst the I?idians in Neiv-Eng- land, in the Year 1670 (London, 1671), p. 5. Introduction about his work among 1 the Indians: " I have undertaken and begun a kind of academical reading unto them, in their own language, thereby to teach the teachers and rulers, and all that are desirous of learning."* It was in furtherance of the above plan that the Logic Primer was pre- pared. In September, 1672, the Com- missioners of the United Colonies in New England, meeting at New Plym- outh, directed Mr. Hezekiah Usher to pay £6, "out of the Indian Stocke in his custody," to Marmaduke Johnson for printing, stitching, and cutting one thousand Indian Logic Primers. The school of logic and theology at -Thomas Birch's Life of the Honourable Rob- ert Boyle (London, 1744), p. 431. Introduction Natick flourished for several years under Mr. Eliot's guiding care, until it was broken up by the fierce war of 1675 -76 with King Philip, sachem of Pokanoket and of all the Wampanoags. In this war many of the Indian Bibles and other books were lost or destroyed by fire, and probably the Logic Primer suffered with the rest. At any rate, when the Indians had returned to Natick, and Mr. Eliot had resumed his work among them there, he complained of the loss of books. After much de- lay, he obtained permission to have new editions printed of the Bible and of some of the other Indian works. The Logic Primer, however, was not reprinted. Eighteen years after the publica- Introduction tion of the book, Mr. Eliot rested from his labors, May 21, 1690, in the eighty- sixth year of his age. From that time on, the Indian educational work rap- idly declined, and soon came to an end altogether, while the Indian language itself became practically extinct be- fore the end of the eighteenth century, the use of English having superseded it. Some remnants of the native tribes who were taught by Eliot still survive on the Indian reservations of Massachusetts, but they are now most- ly of half-breed stock, having inter- married for many years with the ne- groes. It is believed that the present re- print will be of interest to the histo- rian as well as to the philologist, as a Introduction memento of the great ''Apostle to the Indians," and of the race of aborigi- nal Americans who once possessed the land. WlLBERFORCE EAMES New York, December 15, 1903. ELIOT'S Logic Primer M[armaduke] J[ohnson] Cambridge, Massachusetts 1672 Text reprinted from a photographic copy in the posses- sion of the Bureau of American Ethnology 5 title- page reproduced direct from the unique original in the British Museum *~T*Hefe few fhort Logical! Notions are onely for a Tlirid, to lead my Read- ings to them, and to guide them to follow me through the principal and mojl ufefull Principles, whereby they may be in fome meafure enabled to nnderftand, open, a?id improve the plain things of the Kingdome of Chrift Jefus revealed in the Scriptures. And touching thefe Notes, I may fay as the Eunuch faid to Philip, Acls 8. 31. How can I underftand them, nnlefs fome man fhould guide me ? Lordfefus help me to help them, that they may come to the knowledge of thy Truth ! What I have done is weak. To form Words of Art, is a work that requireth time and judgement . I have adventured to break the ice ; Lord raife more able Workmen to follow, and to mend both the Foundation and Building. Logick. Anomayag. A Logick the Rule, where Nomayag ne kukkuhwheg, ne by every thing, every nafhpe nifhnoh teag, kali nifhnoh Speech is compofed, ana- keketookaonk mooowamoo, kah kog&h- lyfed, or opened kenaanumoomoo, afuh wofhwunu- to be known. moooo wahtamtmak. Of Logick three parts. Anomayag nifhwe chippai. Firjl part teach. i. Negonne chippai kukkuhkooto- Eliot's Logic Primer eth us /ingle Notions. munkqun fiyeumooe wahittumooafh. Second part teach- 2. Nahohtoeu chippai kukkuhkooto- eth us biitdingly to compofe munkqun moappiffue moehteauunat Notions, to make every wahittumooukifh, ayimunat nifhnoh kiiide of Propoftion. eiyane pakodtittumooonk. Third part teach- 3. Nifhwe chippai kukkuhkooto- eth us to compofe Propofe- munkqun moehteauunat pakodtittu- tions, . by bonds, mooongafh, nafhpe moappiffuongafh, bindi?ig words, kah moappiffue kuttoowongafh, to make a Speech. ayimunat keketookontamdonk. Eliot's Logic Primer A Speech two fold. Keketookontamoonk neefe chippiflu. Firfl Syllogiflical, ar- i. Negonne oggufarmkoowae, we- guing. quohtdonk. Second Large, order 2. Nahohtoeu fepapwoaeu kohkonu- ly difcourfe. rrmkifh keketookaongafh. Thefe feen Yeufh naurrmkifh Gen. i, i, 2. Thefe words are fi?igle Yeufh kuttoowongafh fiyeumoe Notions. wahittumooafh. God, created, in begenning, heaven, God, ayum, weskekutchiffik, kefuk, earth : earth, not formed, ohke: ohke, matta kukkenatmnetmk- Eliot's Logic Primer nothing in it ; dark- quttinno, monteagwuninno ; pohken- ne/s t upon deep ? the Spirit of God num, woskeche moonde: Nafhauanit, moved upon waters. popomfhau, woskeche, nippekontu. Thefe words binding Yeufh kuttowongafh moappiffue words. kuttoowongafh : And, was, or, again, but, another, Kali, mo, afuh, wonk, qut, onkatuk, like, for, but, as, in, netatup, - newutche, webe, neane, ut, fo, the, for this caufe is it, nemehkuh, ne, newaj, fun, &c. By thefe fingle No- Nafhpe yeufh fiyeumooe wahittu- Eliot's Logic Primer tions four Proportions mooafh yauunafh pakodtittumooongafh compofed. moappifluafh. In beginning created i. Weske kutcrriffik ayum God heaven earth. This affirmative kefuk kali ohke. Ne noowae general Proportion. wameyeue pakodtittumooonk. Earth was not form- 2. Ohke mo matta kuhkenauinne- ed nothing in it. This tmkquttinno, &monteagwuninno. Ne Negative fpecial compound quenoowae nanaflyeue neefepiskue Proportion. pakodtittumdonk. Eliot's Logic Primer Darknefs upon deep 3. Pohkenum woskeche moondi. This Affirmative general Propo- Ne noowae wameyeue pakodtittu- fition. mooonk. Spirit moved upon 4. Nafhauanit popomfhau woskeche waters. This Affirmative general nippekontu. Ne noowae wameyeue Proportion. pakodtittumooonk. All fingle Notions are Wame fiyeumooe wahittumooafh Pairs which inlighten nequtayittumooafh nifh wequohtoad- e ach other, them onely. tumooafh, & nifh webe. Eliot's Logic Primer Twenty Notional Neefneechagquottafh wahittumooe Pairs, two nequtayittumooafh, kah neefe parts. chippifTuafh. Some agree together. i. Nawhutche weetoooadtumooafh Some dijfent from each other. 2. Nawhutche chachaubooomooafh Thefe confenting Pairs. Yeufh weetoooadtumooe nequtay- ittuafh. Caufe. Ne ohteauahteunkifh. Caufed kah nawamoouk. Eliot's Logic Primer Subject. Noh wadchanuk. 2. \ Adjunci. Nene wadchiik. Notation by name. Wuttinnoowae wefuonk. The named. Ne wefuonganuoouk. iConjugats. Paf ukqunneetumooaf h . {Equals in quantity. Tatupukkukqunaf h . , ( Equals in number \ Tatupehtafhinafh. {Like in quality. Tatupinneunkquodtafh . Whole I Mamuffeyeuoouk. 8. } Parts. ( Chaupag. Eliot's Logic Primer General. I Wameyeuoouk. 9- ) Special { Nanafeyeuoouk. Definition. ( Neteagwunrmoouk. 10 J Defined ( Neaunak. Divifio?i. ( Chachaubenumoouk. 1 1 ) The Divided. ( Chachaupag. -I Relates. Tohquauwadtuog. Tefiimony. Wauwaonk. 13 \ The thing tefiified. Ne wauwamoouk. Eliot's Logic Primer Thefe diffenting No- Yeufh chachaubooomooe wahittum- tions. ooafh. More great. Nano mohfag. Then that lefs. Onk ne peafik. Lejfer. Nano peafik. Then that greater. Onk ne mohfag. ( Unlike. \ Mattatupinneunkquodtafh. ( Diverfe. \ Cnippmneunkquodtafh. Contraries. Penooanittumooaf h . Contraditfiers. Pannoo wohtoadtuaf h . Eliot's Logic Primer SDeftroyers of each other. Pagwanittuaf h . Fir ft Pair concerning Negonne nequtayittuonk papaume Cau/es. Thefe four. ohteauahteunkifh. Nifh yaunnafh. Efficient. i Noh kefteunk. Matter. 2 Neteagooooonk. Form. 3 Nehenwoncheyeuoouk, & ne ana- kaufuahteunk. End. 4 Newajeyeuoouk. The caufed fometimes named Nawamoouk moomanfh uffoweeta- by the caufe where mun nafhpe ne ohteatiahteunk ne Eliot's Logic Primer by nafhpe it is made known. wahteauwahettumoo. This Ne fee naumuk Gen. I. r< Heaven earth Kefuk kah ohke nifh Effecls, kefteomukifh becaufe made , newutche wahettu- known by the Efficient. mooafh nafhpe noh kefteunk. called the Gen. 6. 14. Ark hettamun netea- mattered, becaufe argued gwaffmnuoouk, newutche wahittumoo by the Matter, wood nafhpe ne teagoooouk, Gopher mehtug Pitch. kah pittu. called the Gen. 6.15. Ark uff oweetamun nehen- Eliot's Logic Primer thing formed wonche yeuoouk kah ne anakaufuah- becaufe argued by tetmk, newutche wahittumoo nafhpe its Form ; fo long, fo wuttinteauonk ; nefahteag, neanooh- broad, fo quekifhkag, kah. ne anooquefpoonoh- high. kog. Veffels for their end Rom. 9. 21. Wifhquafh wajteau- or ufe, one to honour, another unafh, paftik quttianatamtmat, onkatuk to dif honour. mifhanantamunat. The Efficient two fold. Noh kefteunk neefechippiffu. The Principal. i Noh nahnaunneyeuooukc Eliot's Logic Primer The Injlrument where by he 2 Auwohteaonk ne nafhpe wu- wrought. tuff en. the principal Pfal. 33. 6. God nahnauneyeuoo Efficient, his Word Injlru- noh kefteunk, ukkuttooonk, ne wutau- ment. So wohteaonk. Netatup 1 Sam. 17. 49. Judg. 15. 15. Exod. 22. 24. Pfal 2. 2 Efficients fometimes two. Neg kefteunkig moomanfh neefnog. 1 Sam. 14. 14. Sometimes many. Moomanfh moonaog, 2 5^w. 1. 4. 2 S#;/2 5 3. Sometimes accidentally doth it. Moomanfh kofhkome wutuffen. Deut 4. 42. Dent. 19. 5. -34- Eliot's Logic Primer Two Caufes Neefinafh ohteauahteunkifh r The Efficient , , ! Noh kefteunk woskecne- -\ The End. yeuooafh ,, . , J L Newaj eyeuoouk. The End from cometh Wajeyeuooue wutch oomoooo the heart of the principal wuttahhut nahnaunneyeue noh Efficient, therefore he did work kefteunk, kah newaj ukkefteatmn that Effecl. ne kefteunk. Gen. 6. 19. & 2. 8, 15. Numb. 10. 2. Exod. 25. 8. Ends fometimes Newaj eyeuukifh moomanfh moo- many but the chief is the lafl naafh, qut nahnatmneyeuoo majifh Eliot's Logic Primer great End, the kah ne moMag wajeyeuoouk, ne glory of wuffohftimdonk God, i Cor. 10. 32 The two other Cau- Nefmafh onkatoganafh ohteauah- fes internally thefe from teunkifh anomiyetiafh, kah nifh wutch cometh the Ejfence Be- oomoooo wutohtdonk kah wuttea- ing of the caufed. gwaffindonk ne nawamoouk. Exod. 25. 36, 37> 38, 39> 40. The Matter is firft\ Teagoooouk negonneyeuoo, kah the general matter of the wameyeue wutteagwaffmoonk nawa- caufed hence cometh. moouk newutch oomoooo. 1 Sam. 6. 4, 17, 18. Numb. 10. 2. Gen. 2. 7. -36- Eliot's Logic Primer Matter in two fold No- Teagoooouk neefe chippiffue wahit- tion tumoo. The firjl, remote i Negonneyeue, kah noadtappue Matter teagooooonk. The laft nearejl Matter. 2 Majifh kah pafwappue teagooonk. Ecclef. 3. 20. with Job 19. 26. Exod. 25. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. The Form that dijlinguifheth and cauf- Nehenwoncheyeuoouk kah ana- eth a. 17. 7. & 19. 10. Ifa. 40. 17. 1 £tfr. 12. 23. Job 25. 5, 6. 2 Cor, 12. 15. Third Pair. 3 Nifhwe nequtayittuonk. Unlike each other, which Mattatupinneunkquffumunoo, nifh Eliot's Logic Primer argue each other. wequohtoadtumooafh, Pfal. 32. 9. Exod. 15. 11. Deut. 4. 32, 33, 34. 1 Sam. 26. 15. 1 King. 10. 20. & 18.44. 2 i£7?z. 13.7. Job 20. 7. P/#/. 1.3. Fourth Pair 4 Yaue nequtayittiionk. Diverfe, which Chippinneunkquodtafh, nifh we- argue each other. quohtoadtumooukifh. Gen. 40 23. Lev. 26. 18, 44. Deut. 1. 32. & 29. 4. Judg. 10. 13. y#;;z. 2. 10, 11. Gal. 2. 20. //##. 3. 18. Heb. 4. 15. iv/7>& Pair 5 Napanna tahfhe nequtayittuonk Contraries, which argue Penooanittumooafh, nifh wequohto- each other. adtumooafh. Lev 26. 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, -46- Eliot's Logic Primer 40, 44. Ezek. 16. 34. Mat. 14. 24. Acls 17. 7. & 26. 9. £#/. 5.17. i?0w. 11. 24. Sixth Pair. 6 Nequtta tahfhe nequtayittuonk Contradiclers, which Pannoowohtoadtumooafh, nifh we- argue each other. quohtoadtumooafh. Act. 13. 45. Seventh Pair. 7 Nefaufuk tahfhe nequtayit. Deftroyers, which itlujtrate Pagwanittumooafh, nifh wequohto- each other adttimooafh. Rom. 6. 2. Luk. 15. 32. Joh. 9. 25. Mat. II. 5. Eph. 5. 14. Rom. 13. 12. Eph. 2. 5. Hitherto the fir Jt Logic k Yeu wehque negonne Anomayag Part. chippai. Eliot's Logic Primer Second part teach- Nahohtoeu chippai kukkuhkooto- eth us binding ly to com ft of e munkqun moappiffue moehteautinat Notions, to make every wahittumooukifh, ayimunat nifhnoh kinde of Proftofitions. eiyane pakodtittumooonk. Proftofitions many Pakodtittumooongafh moocheke chip- fold. paiyeuafh. Every Pro- f Affirmed, or i Nifhnoh pakod- J Noowae, afuh ftoftion is Negative, tittumooonk [ Quenoowae. True, or B th \ Wunnomwae, afuh Pannoowae. - 4 8- Naneefwe ^ Eliot's Logic Primer General Pro- [ Wameyeue pakodtittum- pofdions or ooongafh ; afuh Special Nanahfiyeue. Single Propo- { Pafukooe pakodtittum- | fit ions ; or \ ooongafh; afuh Compounded. I Neefepiskue. Propofilions pakodtittumooongafh, And 3 Wonk all wame Again Wonk all Compozmded Neefepiskue two fold. neefe chippai. Conjunct i Moehteaue by bonds ; nafhpe moappiffuonk netatup, newutch. &c, Propofitions pakodtittumooonk kah, wonk, Eliot's Logic Primer Disjunct Pro- 2 Chachaubenumooe pakodtittum- poftion, by a disjoyning word; ooonk, nafhpe chachaubappiffuonk; as afuh, qut, matta, &c. Thefe fee Yeufh naumukifh Neither he hath finned, Joh. 9. 3. Matta yeuoh matchefu, nor his parents : the Efficient and afuh oochetuonguh : noh keftetmk kah Effect. Efficients two; ne kefteomuk. Kefteunkig neefuog; Compofed, by a Negative, moappiffuog, nafhpe quenoowae, Special, Compound, Dif- nanafiyeue, neefepiskue, chachau- juncl Propoftion. bermmooe pakodtittumooonk. Eliot's Logic Primer Again, But that the works of Wonk, Qut wutche anakaufuongafh may be made known in him. God won wahukqutafh yeu ut. The End the Ended com- Wajeyeuoouk kali ne wajteaufik moap- fiofed in affirmative, fpecial, fingle piffuog noowae, nanaliyeue, pafukooe Proportion pakodtittumooonganit. I muji do the Ver. 4. Mooche nutuffen wutana- works of him that fent me, while kaufuongafh noh anoonukqueh, afh day. The Efficient, the Ef- kefukod. Noh kefteunk, kah ne kef- fecl the Aft the Objetft, teomuk, uffeonk kah ne adt afemuk, the Adjunft Time: All kah ne wadchiyeue ahquompi : wame Eliot's Logic Primer thefe Notions compofed in yeufh wahittumooafh moappiffuafh affirmative, fpecial, fingle pro- noowae, nanaflyeue, pafukooe pakod- pofition. tittumooonganit. A gam, Night comet h, then Wonk, rmkkon peyaumoo, neit none can work The Sub- woh mo ho wan anakaufu, Noh wad- je