•<• ■ ' M DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS s JOLDIERf ALL PORTRAITS AND vfKETCHEvf OF THE MEN OF THE A E F by CAase NEW ^SM YORK GEORGE H DORAN COMPANY COPYRIGHT, 1920 BY JOSEPH CUMMINGS CHASE t? mo I'RINI'EI) IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ©CI.A58fj.304 DEDICATED TO THE MEN WHO WERE AWARDED THE DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS BUT WHO DID NOT LIVE TO KNOW IT WAR PLANS DIVISION WAR DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF STAFF WASHINGTON The portraits of American 90ldlers, - ranging from general to private, - paintod by Joseph Cummings Chaao, constitute a valuable and unique addition to the Official pictorial record of the war. Mr. Chase was authorized by the War Department to go overseas with the purpose of carrying out thi3 coiar.ission, and the unusual facil- ities placed at his disposal by the A. E. F. enabled him to obtain likenesses of our more distinguished soldiers, and to furnish copies for the permanent files of the General Staff. More than any American artist has he succeeded in preserving the likenesses of the foremost officers and men of the A. E. F. , - a task that was made possible by the personal interest of General Pershing. GpXlCr^t/W^ C. W. WEEKS Colonel, General Staff. Chief, Historical Branch. CONTENTS SOLDIERS ALL — A FOREWORD .... THE ARMY CORPS AND DIVISION ASSIGNMENTS THE THIRTEEN MAJOR OPERATIONS . AMERICAN MILITARY DECORATIONS . PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: PAGE . 15 . 35 . 38 . 39 W. ADAMS, HARRY J. . ALEXANDER, ROBERT ALLEN, HENRY T. . ANDREWS, AVERY D. ATKINSON, RALPH . ATTERBURY, WILLIAM BAILEY, CHARLES J. BAKER, BURTON M. . BARNWELL, NATHANIEL BASKERVILLE, CHARLF BELL, GEORGE, Jr. . BENSON, PHILIP . . BETHEL, WALTER A BINKLEY, DAVID BLISS, TASKER H. . BOYD, CARL . . . BRADLEY, PAUL W. . BROCKI, MIECZYSLAW BROWN, PRESTON . BROWN, ROSCOE D. . BULLARD, ROBERT L. BUNCH, HENRY E. . BURR, GEORGE E. . CAMERON, CHARLES CAMPBELL, DOUGLAS CARNEY, FRED . . CONGER, ARTHUR L. CONNER, FOX . . . CRAIG, MALIN . . CRONKHITE, ADELBERT DASCH, CARL W. . . . B. Jr. Sergeant 91 Major General . . . 163 Major General . . .167 Brigadier General . .131 Sergeant 207 Brigadier General . 367 Major General . . . 263 Private 381 Lieutenant Colonel . . 179 First Lieutenant . . . 235 Major General . . . 171 First Lieutenant . . . 213 Brigadier General . . 259 Sergeant 159 General 77 Colonel 33 Corporal 271 Corporal 189 Brigadier General . . 55 Major 479 Lieutenant General . .144 Major 441 Sergeant 112 Private . . . . . 95 Captain . . . . . 192 . 317 . 477 Brigadier General . 239 Brigadier General . 469 Major General . 320 Private . . . . . 419 SOLDIERS ALL PORTRAITS AM) BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: DAVIS, ROBERT C. . DAWSON, CLARENCE \\ DEVEREAUX, HAROLD DICKMAN, JOSEPH T. DOUGHERTY, H. C. . DUGAN, THOMAS B. DUNCAN, GEORGE B. EDWARDS, CLARENCE R. EGGERS, ALAN LOUIS ELLIS, MICHAEL B. . EI.TINGE, LE HOY . ELY, HANSON E. . . FALLAW, THOMAS II. FERGUSON, DOUGALD 1TSKK, HAROLD B. . FLAGLER, CLEMENT A. F FOULOIS, BENJAMIN I) FRITZ, ALBERT W. . GAULTNEY, WALTER 1 GIBBS, GEORGE S. . GORDON, WALTER H. HA AN, WILLIAM G. . HALE, HARRY C. . . HALPHEN, DEWEY HARBORD, JAMES O. HARTMAN, WILLIAM A HARTS. WILLIAM W. HAY, WILLIAM II. . HERREN, WILLIAM . HERSEY, MARK L. . HINDS, ERNEST . . HINES, JOHN L. . . HOOVER, CHARLES S. HOWE, MAURICE N. HOWZE, ROBERT L. . HUNT, IRVIN L. . . KING, EDWARD L. . KORTII, HERMAN KREGER, EDWARD A KUHN, JOSEPH E. . Brigadier General Mess Sergeant Private Major General Color Sergeant Brigadier General Major General Major General Sergeant Sergeant Brigadier General Major General Captain Sergeant Brigadier General Major Gemral Brigadier General Private . . ( 'orporal Brigadier General Major General Major General Major General Private Major Central Sergeant Brigadier General Major General Sergeant Major General Major General Major General Sergeant Captain Major Gemral Colonel Brigadier General Sergeant Brigadier General Major General 307 363 1!).') 00 170 175 115 330 135 51 107 231 251 315 461 355 205 323 352 173 291 (iO 3 13 300 221 :!o:; 22 1 243 127 375 157 127 317 1 H 103 170 173 256 331 S3 SOLDIERS ALL XI PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES LANGFITT, WILLIAM C. LANGHAM, GEORGE W. LASSITER, WILLIAM LATHAM, JOHN CRIDLAND LEJEUNE, JOHN A. . . LEPLEY, JAMES B. . . LEWIS, STACY A. . . LIGGETT, HUNTER . . LINARD McANDREW, JAMES W. . McCAW, WALTER D. . . McGLACHLIN, EDWARD McKAIG, F. H McRAE, JAMES H. . . MacARTHUR, DOUGLAS MANNING, SIDNEY E. . MARTIN, CHARLES H. . MAYHEW, CARL C. . . MEISSNER, JAMES A. . MENOHER, CHARLES T. MOORE, E. J MORTON, CHARLES G. . MOSELEY, GEORGE Y. II. MUIR, CHARLES II.. . NOLAN, DENNIS E. . . NUGENT, JOHN F. . . O'BRIEN, JOHN R. . . O'RYAN, JOHN F. . . PARRISH, GRADY . . PECK, ROBERT G. . . PERSHING, JOHN J. (Chaumont, 1918) PERSHING, JOHN J. (Paris, 101!)) . . . PITMAN, BUDIE . . . PURYEAR, GEORGE W. . READ, ALVAN C. . . . RICE, CHARLES H. . . ROCKENBACH, SAMUEL 1). RUCKER, KYLE ... Major General Private Major General Sergeant Major General Sergeant Sergeant I .'untenant General Colonel Major General Brigadier General Major General Corporal Major General Brigadier General ( 'orpin ul Major General First Lieutenant . Major .... Major General Master Signal F.leeli Major Genera! />' rigadier Ge neral Major General Brigadier General Sergeant Corporal Major General Sergeant Lieutenant Colonel General PAGE 327 :i Mi General . . Frontit Private First Lieutenant Colonel Major .... Brigadier General . I'll!) Lieutenant Colonel . 179 I. v. I.'!.') ;si i 15] 285 SO 28 103 131 123 253 359 45 227 87 399 155 267 1.8 391 387 371 1 85 <;.-> 288 2 17 2 S3 179 22 piece 73 11 1 479 17!) xu SOLDIERS ALL PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: RUSSEL, EDGAR . . . SHERMAN, WHITNEY I). SMITH, HARRY A. . . SMITH, RICHARD T. SMITH, WILLIAM K SNOW, WILLIAM A. . . STEIDL. AUGUST . . STEIN, FRED C. . . . STEWART, JOHN W. . . STOWERS. JAMES W. . STURGIS. SAMUEL D. . SUMMERALL, CHARLES 1 SYMINGTON, JAMES M. WAGSTAFF, C. M. . . . WALKER, M F R RIW E ATI I E WALSH, PATRICK . . WATSON, GEORGE I. WEIGFL, WILLIAM . . WILLIAMS, F. M. . . . WINES. PEARL J. . . . WINN, FRANK I WITTENMYER, EDMUND WRIGHT, WILLIAM M. . YORK, ALVIN C. . . . R I Brigadier General Corporal Brigadier General Major . Major General Major . Sergeant Corporal Lieutenant Colom Serf/cant Major General Major General First Lieutenant Brigadier General Brigadier General Sergeant Lieutenant Colonel Major General Major . Sergeant Major General Major General Major General Sergeant PAGE 275 465 153 441 449 441 279 147 111 335 423 217 379 29 395 119 145 384 61 211 415 203 199 109 SOLDIERS ALL SOLDIERS ALL There are many extraordinary individuals among the commanders of the A. E. F. whose names are destined to go down in history- My close and in- formal association with these men was, though brief, illuminating and, to me, captivating — a romantic opportunity for a painter. Close scrutiny of their features at so critical a time impressed upon me a very definite mental record. Our general officers vary in age from about fifty years to the early sixties and their most obvious traits are poise, alertness, self-control, fearlessness, and a high mentality, — even scholarliness. Judging from their mellowness of mind, which very much impressed me, I felt that West Point has given something to these men that shows to great advantage by the time they reach middle life. Taking into consideration the fact that these commanders are obliged at intervals to pass a severe physical examination which would debar the average citizen from any strenuous service, one concludes that up-standing, clear-eyed, clear- brained American manhood is at its best among them. Altogether, their type is that of the soldier-student— this in contra-distinction to the tvpe predominating among the officers of the German Army. It would 15 16 SOLDIERS ALL seem that the Germans think a good command- ing officer must have a meaty face, an arrogant man- ner, and a heavy scowl. The American commanders spoke with deep feel- ing and appreciation of the man-in-the-ranks, re- peating again and again that he was the one who " put it over " and that to him belonged the glory. One general, speaking of the man-in-the-ranks as the one to whom credit was due, and referring with a smile to the fact that the public has fully accepted this view, remarked: " In some ways, in this war it has been hell to be a general." On the other hand, the man-in-the-ranks was just as ready to express his confidence in his commanding officer. For one thing, he appreciated the fact that necessities, and even comforts, had been provided to an extraordinary degree. ' Kicks " on the part of the man-in-the-ranks were infrequent and mild. The American boy, to be sure, will kick if his shoe laces are not a pair, or if the rain falls on too many successive days, or if his hair grows too fast, but never does he need to be driven to deeds of heroism. When he gets a command to go " over the top," he goes over, and those who have watched him have felt a thrill never to be forgotten. He not only went " over the top," but he went over in the face of machine-gun fire and gas, singing, " Oh Boy, Oh Joy, Where do we go from here?" The Liberty Loan Committee for the Fifth Loan asked me to paint " over there " portraits of four boys who had done deeds of extraordinary heroism. SOLDIERS ALL 17 I painted the four, and found the task so absorbing that I could not stop with that small number, but painted fifty. These soldiers were picked out by their commanders as the ones in their various com- mands who at that time had performed the most extraordinary deeds of valour. Absolute disregard of personal danger, quick-witted adroitness in turn- ing unexpected conditions to good account, a wish not only to equal, but to surpass the deeds of his com- rades, an abiding belief that he was fighting for an ideal — all these influences made of the American sol- dier such a soldier as has never before been seen on the field of battle. The stories of the escapades of the young warriors whose portraits are here included with those of their general officers might well be classed among our stories for the young, with those of " Horatius at the Bridge," and David of ancient days. Again and again I was told by officers of our Allies, " The American Army is the best disci- plined army in Europe." We had felt sure that our boys would make fighters as good as the best, but as to their being entirely amenable to discipline some were doubtful, and the oft-ideated assurance just quoted gives us particular satisfaction. This attitude toward discipline was entirely a free-will offer- ing on the part of each fighting man. He was un- willing that any soldier should be better than he in any respect whatsoever, and he wished to be a per- fect cog in a perfectly well-oiled machine. It is ab- solutely true that the American soldier fought for an ideal and knew it — not that he was always sure just 18 SOLDIERS ALL what that ideal might be, but his confidence that there was an ideal and that he was fighting for it gave him almost religious ardour in his efforts to surpass his fellows. There was also very much of the " play " clement in the make-up of our boys. Their many years of competitive sports worked greatly to their advantage. Their enormous discomforts and suffer- ing were made more endurable by the "josh " which pervaded their everyday life, on the field and off. If one boy brought in as a prisoner a German lieu- tenant, his " buddy " instantly made up his mind to capture an enemy officer higher in rank than a lieu- tenant. If one boy brought in two prisoners, every man in his squad thereupon resolved to bring in more than two prisoners. This spirit frequently led the fellows into great danger, and even death, but re- sulted in an amazing number of individual deeds of heroism. The discipline of the American Army must have been in a great measure due to the precise and exact- ing attitude of our Commander-in-Chief. I was particularly fortunate in being given the opportunity to paint two pictures of General Pershing, for had I rested content with the portrait obtained at Chau- mont I should always have had a one-sided impres- sion of the man. The Pershing whom I met in this old French town, which for more than a year had been the headquarters of the American Army, was rather an austere figure. The circumstances of the meeting perhaps accentuated this effect. Probably at one time Chaumont was a beautiful and charming SOLDIERS ALL 19 French village, but at the time of my visit it was desolate. The day was rainy, of course. If you wish to provoke a groan among the " doughboys " who spent any considerable time in this field of action, all you have to do is to mention " sunny France." The streets were deep with mud, the houses were sadly out of repair, and the old barracks which furnished headquarters for the American Staff — a structure forming three sides to a square — looked dark, damp, bedraggled, and grim. The Armistice had just been signed. Though Germany had admitted her defeat, there were no signs of excited rejoicing about the American Headquarters, and the atmosphere in that region was just as busy and as serious as in the days preceding November 11th. The room in which I painted General Pershing was, like everything else in the American Head- quarters, orderly, plain, and business-like. As I entered this room, I saw the General at the opposite side, sitting at his flat-topped desk, his back to the window; the desk was characteristically in good order, and the walls were bare, except for several large maps, which showed the position of the Ameri- can divisions. The General was hard at work, going through a pile of important reports, preparatory to leaving town that evening. As I stepped in, he looked up alertly and greeted me with a cordiality which was dignified and not at all effusive. He had a strong grip and a way of shaking hands and get- ting through with it promptly. The Pershing whom I met that afternoon was a verv serious man. Everv 20 SOLDIERS ALL line of his face, and I have seldom seen a face more deeply furrowed, showed the tremendous strain through which he had passed. The Argonne offen- sive had ended in a glorious triumph for the Ameri- can Army, but the man who had directed that operation showed, in his deep-set. harassed eyes, and in his sharply drawn face, the suffering and the anxiety which it had caused him. Do not think that Pershing is a soldier of dint-like soul, who stolidly would throw his thousands of American hoys at German machine-guns; the man whom I painted that afternoon was a man who had sounded the depths. His face at this sitting was a hit screwed up, the lines were accentuated, and he looked old and tired; he did not smile once during the entire pose, and he talked hardly at all. Indeed, after our first greeting, he seemed to lose all con- sciousness of my presence, and I think he actually forgot what was going on. Personal vanity is certainly not Pershing's leading trait. lie was very busy with his papers and was entirely taken up with the business in hand. I have said that Pershing's appearance was that of a man who had suffered a great nervous strain, hut I should not give the impression that he did not have himself quite under control. He was the picture of complete self-possession. His movements were quick, but not spasmodic; he is the sort of man who moves his papers very rapidly, but who does not rattle them nervously; he moves his papers at a precise moment, because that is the moment to move them, and not SOLDIERS ALL 21 because he is labouring under suppressed excitement. He walks quickly, yet always with premeditation. One of his staff officers told me that Pershing has himself remarkably in hand and that when the opportunity offers, he can always sleep. The General was much greyer than I had men- tally pictured him. His photographs had given me the impression of a man comparatively young, but his hair is now very grey, and in parts it is almost white. His intimates told me that the whitening of his hair is the result of his service in France. But it is always scrupulously brushed, for in this, as in everything else. General Pershing shows his predominant tendency to neatness and order. The Pershing photographs suggest a rather dark mous- tache; as a matter of fact, it is light, having a touch of the sandy, and some grey. The public knows well the firm manner in which the General draws down the corners of his mouth, and this has given an impression that he seldom smiles. My own im- pression, derived from the experience of that sombre afternoon, was similarly one of stern, unremitting attention to business; yet the fact is that he often smiles, and his friends feel that his photographs in general convey an idea of severity of expression which is overdone. Yet there is no doubt that General Pershing can be severe, though his intimates say that when it is necessary for him to use the knife, it falls upon his friends of long acquaintance, as well as upon those officers who have not been so close to him. The words which I most constantlv 22 SOLDIERS ALL heard about the General were: " He plays no favourites." That afternoon he had the appearance of one difficult to approach, and certainly one with whom a casual visitor would take no liberties. His figure has been de- scribed as that of the perfect soldier, and I agree with this description. He is a " stickler " for regulation in dress. He keenly scrutinizes any one with whom he is conversing; y o u feel that he knows whether or not you need a hair-cut, and whether your leather has been properly attended to that day. Your hand instinc- tively follows up the edge of your coat to make sure each button is buttoned, and you are hoping that your orderly has brushed you properly. Some one has said that General Pershing looks like a Roman. Certain of our generals look like Englishmen — General Harts, for example; others look like Frenchmen; one or two of them even resemble Germans. Rut I cannot apply the word Englishman, Frenchman, German, or even Roman to General Pershing. His face and figure suggest * uv'™-f SOLDIERS ALL 23 only one nationality; he is simply, distinctively United States. In whatever part of the world you might find him, and in whatever garh, and in whatever company, you would say at once: " That man is an American!" There is nothing about his personality that suggests the foreigner; he is redo- lent of the American soil. He has an unusually full, rounded head, and his skull gives the impression of filling out his hair tightly. He was seated at his desk; his electric light was burning brightly a few inches from his face, and just a little day- light was coming in from the windows behind. He was much occupied discussing many matters with a string of staff officers who appeared one at a time and stood in front of his desk. As the General listened, or talked, his eyes were raised to the staff officer standing opposite; his eye- brows also, which, by the way, are very pale, were raised; and the strong light from the desk lamp accentuated the deep, vertical cuts in the General's cheeks. The nose is slightly aquiline and rather distinguished; the eyes are a light grey- blue with a little suggestion of brown — eyes which sometimes are called hazel. His brow is par- ticularly full and round, with furrows that arc well defined, and his ears are a bit pointed, and differ a trifle in their angle from the head. One officer who has had many conferences with the General — conferences which have not been entirely to his liking — insists that one ear, which is not quite so close to his head as the other, stiffens 24 SOLDIERS ALL and straightens sharply when the General gets angry. The cheek-bones are not prominent, the jaw is particularly strong, and the lips are sharply chiseled and rather thin. The General's neck is solid, and, particularly in the profile, is very wide, and his head is set on his shoulders with a very unusual appearance of power. Indeed, I have never seen an arrangement of head, neck, and shoulders which has suggested greater strength and force. The General's uniforms always fit smoothly; he seldom wears many decorations, although he has enough entirely to cover his chest. Most people do not realize how tall General Pershing is; he is so well-built that he appears to advantage when grouped with the generals of the Allied armies. One of his room-mates at West Point told me that Pershing has not changed at all, except that he has grown older and greyer; his manner and disposition have been the same from his student days. Fortunately I was able to visualize this Pershing of West Point time, for one of the General's aides is his nephew. Lieu- tenant Pershing, who bears the most astonishing resemblance to his distinguished uncle. After I had been painting an hour or so, the General had to leave to keep an important en- gagement. He came round, looked at the picture, and said : "I didn't think you could do it in this length of time and with this light." SOLDIERS ALL 25 Those were practically the only words that passed between the artist and his subject. The portrait sketch which I painted in Novem- ber shows a pretty sombre General; yet in this re- spect, at least, it fairly reflects the Pershing whom I met that afternoon. Still that sitting gave me Pershing in only one of his moods. I found that he had another side, when, in early January, I made an appointment to paint him again. The Pershing whom I now met at the Ogden Mills house in Paris was a very different man from the one whom I had painted at Chaumont. The one whom I met at Headquarters was serious, dignified, pre- occupied, possibly even melancholy; the one whom I painted in Paris was altogether easy and gay. The change was caused, perhaps, by the fact that the weight had lifted from his mind; an American Army was now occupying a part of Germany; the fighting was actually over; and the Allied cause had achieved a splendid and com- plete success. I came to Paris with the well- known sculptor, " Jo " Davidson, who proposed to make a bust of the General while I was paint- ing him. Our subject kept his appointment to the minute, coming into the room with a rapid, military step, greeting Davidson cordially, and stepping up to me with an outstretched hand and a "Hello, Chase!" " This room looks like an atelier in the Latin Quarter! " he said, glancing about the beautiful 26 SOLDIERS ALL salon in which Davidson had moved the furni- ture and arranged the lighting. " Do you know anything about the Latin Quarter?" I asked. " Oh, yes, I know about the Academy Julien and the Beaux Arts," the General replied — and to this subject he returned afterward. Ordinarily a sculptor and a painter would have difficulty in working at the same time; the sculp- tor prefers to have his subject standing, a painter sitting; a sculptor likewise wishes to have him walk about continually, while the painter prefers a fairly quiet posture. I gave way to Davidson in the main, but I demanded a compromise in the matter of strolling. The General was greatly amused at our argument, and entered completely into its spirit. Davidson agreed that he could sit occasionally, if I would accept an arrangement about the lighting that was not entirely to my advantage. Throughout the sitting, the sculptor and the painter " joshed " each other about their respective arts and the General took part, now- supporting one side, now another. " What good is an art that can show only one side of a man's face at a time? That's only half an art!" said Davidson. " Sculpture scored one that time! " the General laughed. Davidson meanwhile was dropping his clay all over the beautiful floor of the Mills salon. SOLDIERS ALL 27 "But see what a dirty business sculpture is!" I retorted. "Painting got the best of it, tben!" said the General, with a perfectly good grin, showing a wonderful set of white teeth. We soon discovered that General Pershing knew a great deal about art and artists. In a few minutes both Davidson and I felt as though we had met an old friend of our art-student days. We asked our sitter how he happened to know so much about the Latin Quarter. "Oh, I've been there!" he answered. "I used to know it well." It seems that, in his early days, while visiting Paris, Pershing had friends among the art stu- dents, with whom he spent much time in their favourite haunts. Sitting there on the edge of a lounge, the General gave us many reminiscences of those old days. He described particularly one lively party which he had attended in the Latin Quarter — a story that might have fitted well into the pages of " Trilby." "How did you stand the ordeal. General?" Davidson asked. " I did my best to preserve throughout my military composure," he answered with a smile. I had an impression, indeed, that General Per- shing found the three hours we spent with him a pleasant relief from his exacting duties; we talked 28 SOLDIERS ALL of several things, but there was one subject that was not mentioned throughout the sitting — that was the War. As before, he showed no vanity, but he did display considerable interest in the work we were doing. lie had the attitude of a man who, if a thing is to be done at all, wants it done well. In one of his many trips to watch the progress of his portrait, I caught him looking, somewhat pensively, at the very grey hair. ' Is it too grey. General? " I asked. Not at all." he answered. ' That's the way it is; paint me just as I am." I was reminded of the story of Cromwell, sitting for his portrait. Cromwell had a conspicuous excrescence on his nose. " Paint me, wart and all! " was his injunction to the artist. When the pic- ture was finished, Genera] Pershing expressed his sat- isfaction. " I think it must be the best of your series," he said. T would like ^ n J some photographs — i» *!. >» 1 ■ ■ ITATIVii; (lilt, A I' <,. II . (J. SOLDIERS ALL 29 Davidson's admirable bust of the general also pleased him greatly. We lingered for a few moments, talking art and artists, and listening to the comments of Pershing's staff on our work. When one thinks of the American Army, the two men that come to mind after Pershing are Liggett and Bullard. Bullard represents the student type, and, in fact, looks like a college professor. The face of General Bullard has something of the re- finement of Joseph H. Choate; it is distinctly the countenance of a thinker. He has not much colour, but he has plenty of lines of character and his face is a particularly interesting one to paint. General Bullard's every feature really is individual. His nose has a rather curious bend, which is well shown in this particular por- trait; it is long and aris- tocratic. Indeed, Gen- eral Bullard looks every whit an aristocrat ; he has the fine hands of the aristocrat — the thin hand that shows each move- ment of the fingers. He impresses me as a man who would be sure of every move he makes; he has the appearance al- most of infallibility. You feel at once absolute con- *^if&i«» . i . » . AT «:.. II. Q. 30 SOLDIERS ALL fidence in him; he is precisely the type of man to whom Americans would safely entrust their sons. American army officers have lived in so many parts of the world that they have become cos- mopolitan, and it is almost impossible to locate tliem definitely by their speech. But General Bill- iard is an Alabaman, and he talks still in soft Southern accents. I asked him many questions while the portrait was under way; I could not get him to talk about himself, but there was one topic upon which he became animated — that was the American soldier. " In every army," he said, " there are two kinds of soldiers: those who do things because they are ordered to, and those who are always looking for things to do. It is the latter kind that leavens any army. And this kind prevails in the American Army to a greater extent than in any ever known. Liggett and Bollard certainly represent the American Army at its best — Bullani, the South- erner, Liggett, the Northerner; both are men of culture, evidently much given to reading and study. Liggett was possibly a little less reserved, and more chatty and genial, though in both I felt a sense of great personal dignity. Liggett has ab- solutely no sense of pose. He was keenly interested in the operation of painting; he knew many artists, and asked many questions about them. The one impression you get from contact with Liggett is the sincere, human, affectionate quality of the man; SOLDIERS ALL 31 he is the type of citizen you would like to room with at college. The subject that General Liggett, like the other Major General, talked most about, was the " man- in-the-ranks." " He's the one who did it," was the way lie summed up the American " doughboy's " part in the War. Much could be written about the various distin- guished and distinguishing characteristics of our general officers, which would increase the pride of the reader in these sound and able men. These are indicative of the kind of things we might enlarge upon: The unceasing vigour and energy of Brigadier General Preston Brown, not a product of West Point, but a Yale graduate who after the signing of the Armis- tice was in charge of Advance G. H. Q. at Trier, and who han- dled the situation there in a way original and convincing; the natural dignity and keen wit of Brigadier General Dennis E. Nolan, tall, lanky, astute, who was the head of G2, which is a synonym for the ^q Intelligence Section (_ ^%*s\_ of the General Staff, ^J 32 SOLDIERS ALL comprising the Secret Service and the Press. It was under General Nolan that I had the pleasure of operating, and I shall never forget his under- standing and interest. The sturdiness of Major General Adelbert Cronkhite, who, if he wore a ruff, might with perfect propriety step into a Franz Hals canvas; the humane vision of Major General McAndrew, Chief of Staff, A. E. F., surely one of the great personages of the War; the efficiency of Brigadier General Avery D. Andrews, Assistant Chief of Staff, who had resigned his commission in the Army to go into business, hut at the beginning of the War re-entered the Army with enthusiasm; the bulldog tenacity of Major General William M. Wright, Commander of the First Corps; the Indian-like virtues of Major General Robert L. Howze, whose men call him " Sioux," and of Major General Flagler, who is also known to his men by the same "pet" name; the imperturbability of Major General Charles P. Summerall, who is said to be, of all our generals, the best judge of the merits of his officers. His name will always be associated with that colossally important first day of November, 1918. I would not fail to make mention of the men who were of especial assistance to me — Brigadier General Eltinge, Assistant Chief of Staff, G. H. Q.; Major General Harbord, Pershing's First Chief of Staff, who later became head of the Service of Supply; Col. Carl Boyd, Aide to General Pershing, whose effectiveness was always apparent, and who, SOLDIERS ALL 33 alas, died in the service; and Col. A. L. Conger, whose keen judgment and kindly attitude meant much to me during my strenuous days — and nights. Also I shall remember with particular pleasure the seven members of the Senior Officers' Mess, at Bit- burg, and later at Coblenz, who took me in and gave me good company and good cheer. I should like to mention with especial regard my intrepid chauffeur, one McQuillin, of Buffalo, a stripling with a heart of oak. His appreciation of art was second only to his ingenuity in " carrying on." The portraits arc life-sized heads painted in oils. The average time required for each was two hours, the studio being sometimes a fine chateau, some- times a dugout, sometimes a shack in the devastated area, sometimes a castle on the Moselle or on the Rhine. The painting was done at any hour of the day or night as circumstance permitted, and by any light that was available. Many of the pictures were painted by the light of a candle. I especially remem- ber Major General Summerall, alert, serene, and smartly dressed, as he entertained me while I painted him between midnight and two o'clock in the morning. All in all, I am filled with a sense of obligation for the opportunity accorded me in the great adventure. *>&* «r c^Zz,<±£>e. NEW YORK, OCTOBER, 1919 ARMY, CORPS AND DIVISION ASSIGNMENTS TO NOVEMBER 11, 1918 1st Army, LIGGETT 2nd Army, BULLARD 3rd Army. DICKMAN 1st Corps, LIGGETT, January 20— October 11. DICKMAN, October 12. .'ml Corps, HEAD, June 12. 3rd Corps, WRIGHT, June 17— July 11. BULLARD, July 14 October 11. HINES, October 12. ithCorps, DICKMAN, August 18 October 11. MUIR, October 12. 5th Corps, WRIGHT, July 10— August is. CAMERON, August 21 -October 11. SUMMERALL, ( )ctober 18. 6th Corps, BUNDY, August 27 September 12. BALLOU, October 23 November 9. MENOHER, November 10 to 11. 7th Corps, WRIGHT, August 22 -September 4. BUNDY, September 13— October 24. 1st Division, SIBERT, October 25— December 12, 1917. BULLARD, December 1:5, 1917— June 30, 1918. SUMMERALL, July 1 -July 6. BULLARD, July 7— July 17. SUMMERALL, .luly 20— October 11. HAMFORD, October 12 -October 24. PARKER, October -2.",. [34] SOLDIERS ALL 35 ARMY, CORPS AND DIVISION ASSIGNMENTS 2nd Division, BUNDY, HARBORD, BUNDY, HARBORD, LeJEUNE, 3rd Division, DICKMAN, SLADEN, BUCK. BROWN, 4th Division, CAMERON, POORE, HINES, CAMERON, POORE, 5th D ivision , HERSEY, McMAHON, ELY, 6th Division, ERWIN, GORDON, 7th Division, BARTH, WAHL, October 25,1917— June 30, 1918. July 1 — July 5. July 6— July 19. July 20— August 2. August 3. March 30, 1917— August 23, 1918. August 24 — August 30. Division >n reserve August 31 — October 17. October 18— May 25— August 23, 1918. August 24 — August 30. Division in reserve August 31 — October 1 1 . October 12 — October 24. October 23— October 30. Division in reserve October 31- April 9— October 17, 1918. October 18— July 18— July 31, 1918. Division not in line August 1 — August 17 — October 24, 1918. October 25 — October 26. WITTENMYER, October 27- 26th Division, EDWARDS, BAM FORD, HALE. December 8, 1917— Octo- ber24, 1918. October 25 — 27th Division, O'RYAN, 28th Division, MUIR, HAY, May 25. May 18— October 25, 1918. October 26— 36 SOLDIERS ALL AltMY, CORPS AND DIVISION ASSIGNMENTS 29th Division, 30th Division, 32nd Division, 33rd Division, 35th Division, 3C>th Division, 37th Division, 42nd Division , MORTON, READ, LEWIS, FAISON, LEWIS, HAAN, BELL, WRIGHT, McCLURE, TRAUB, McCLURE, TRAUB, SMITH, FARNSWORTH, MENOHER, RHODES, MacARTHUR, 77th Division, .IOHNSON, DUNCAN, JOHNSON, ALEXANDER, 78th Division, 79th Division , SOth Division, 81st Division, McRAE, KUHN, CRONKHITE, BAILEY. July 0, 191S. May '21— June 28, 1918. Division not in line June l 25 — July 5. Division not in line July 6— July 20. July 21— February 1(5, 1918. May 25, 1918. May 4— June 21, 1918. Division nut in line June 22 — June 28 Division not in line June 29 — July 5. July 6— July 19. July 20— August 3, 1918. July 6, 1918. November 1, 1917 — No- vember 4, 1918. November 5 — November 10 — April 19— May 25, 1918. Division nut in line May 26— August 23. August 24 — September 6. September 7 — May 25, 1918. July 28, 1918. June 22, 1918. September 7, 1918. SOLDIERS ALL 37 ARMY, CORPS AND DIVISION ASSIGNMENTS 82nd Division, BURNHAM, DUNCAN, 88th Division, BEACH, VVEIGEL, 89th Division, WINN, WRIGHT, 90th Division, ALLEN, 91st Division, JOHNSTON, 92nd Division, BALLOU, May 17— October 14, 1918. October 15 — October 16 — November 4, 1918. November 5 — July 13 — September 30, 1918. October 1— July 6, 1918. August 31, 1918. July C, 1918. Note. — The twenty-nine Divisions here represented are known as The Combat Divisions. THE THIRTEEN MAJOR OPERATIONS AS OFFICIALLY ANNOUNCED IN GENERAL ORDERS, NUMBER 83, JUNE 30, 1919. a. Cambrai. — Retween 12th of May and 4th of De- cember, 1917. b. Somme, defensive. — Retween 21st of March and 6th of April, 1918. c. Lys. — Retween 9th of April and 27th of April. 1918. d. Aisne. — On the Chemin des Dames and northeast of Rheims between 27th of May and 5th of June, 1918. e. Montdidier-Noyon. — Between 9th of June and 13th of June, 1918. /. Champagne-Marne. — Between 15th of July and 18th of July, 1918. g. Aisne-Mame. — Between 18th of July and 6th of August, 1918. h. Somme, offensive. — Between 8th of August and 11th of November, 1918. i. Oise- Aisne. — Between 18th of August and 11th of November, 1918. j. Ypres-Lys. — Between 19th of August and 11th of November, 1918. k. St. Mihiel. — Between 12th of September and 16th of September, 1918. /. M euse-Argonne. — Between 26th of September and 11th of November, 1918. m. Vittorio-Veneto. — Between 24th of October and 4th of November, 1918. [38] AMERICAN MILITARY DECORATIONS The Congressional Medal of Honor is the high- est honor obtainable by an American soldier. Estab- lished by Congress, July 12, 1862. The award of the Medal of Honor is confined to officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of the American Army whose action complies with the following tests: "(a) who have performed IN AC- TION deeds of most distinguished bravery and self- sacrifice; (b) above and beyond the call of duty; (c) so conspicuous as to clearly distinguish them for gallantry and intrepidity above their comrades; (d) which involve risk of life or the performance of more than ordinary hazardous service; (e) the omis- sion of which would not justly subject a person to censure for shortcoming or failure in the perform- ance of duty." It is the only American honor worn as a neck decoration on occasions of ceremony. The Distinguished Service Cross and the Distin- guished Service Medal were created by an act of Congress, July 9, 1018. Both are worn as military medals. The Distinguished Service Cross is awarded to those who distinguished themselves by "extraordinary heroism in action" (which does not justify the award of the Medal of Honor). The Distinguished Service Medal is awarded "to those who in positions of great responsibility have conferred distinguished service upon their country through the Military Establishment and in associa- tion with it." t* Note. — Reproductions of these decorations appear on the end- sheets of this book. [39] SOLDIERS ALL BRIGADIER GENERAL DOUGLAS MacARTHUR Arrived in France, October 29, 1917, with rank of Colonel. Promoted to Brigadier General, June 26, 1918. Assignments : Chief of Staff, 42nd Division; Commanded 84th Infantry Brigade, 42nd Division, August 6th ; Commanded 42nd Division, November 10th; Commanded 84th Infantry Brigade, 42nd Division, November 23rd. Born: Arkansas, January 26, 1880. Distinguished Service Cross. "When Company D, 168th Infantry, was under severe attack in the salient du Feys, France, he voluntarily joined it, upon finding that he could do so without interfering with his normal duties, and by his coolness and con- spicuous courage aided materially in its suc- cess. An oak-leaf cluster is awarded Gen. Mac- Arthur for the following acts of distinguished service: As brigade commander Gen. Mac- Arthur personally led his men and by the skilful maneuvering of his brigade made pos- sible the capture of Hills 288, 242, and the C6te-de-Chatillon, France, October 14, 15, and 16, 1918. He displayed indomitable resolution and great courage in rallying broken lines and in re-forming attacks, thereby making victory possible. On a field where courage was the rule, his courage was the dominant feature." G. O. 27 (February 17, 1919). Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- [41] guished services. He served with credit as chief of staff of the 42nd Division in the opera- tions at Chalons and at the Chateau-Thierry salient. In command of the 84th Infantry Brigade he showed himself to be a brilliant commander of skill and judgment. Later he served with distinction as commanding general of the 42d Division." G. O. 59 (May 3, 1919). < - - . [43] Pi .1 "J w ? AfaJZ (^sC^-^Ov^^* E. J. MOORE, Master Signal Electrician, Company C, 314th Field Signal Battalion, 89th Division. In charge of wire laying and maintenance detail, under violent shell-fire, on November 4> and 5, 1918. Moore established and maintained a line of com- munication to the advanced message center, Beau- clair. He worked incessantly all day and all night, climbing trees and poles under extremely heavy shell- fire, putting the wire up and mending breaks. On November 5 he aided in extending and maintain- ing this line to the assaulting battalion of the 355th Infantry, between Beauclair and Lauencille. Again, on the night of November 10 and the morning of November 11, Moore rendered invaluable aid to the 356 Infantry in Pouilly, extending a telephone line to them and thence to La Pignepp Farm. Al- though shell fragments tore through his gas mask and the air was full of flying shell-fire, he showed utter disregard of personal safety, setting a fine ex- ample of courage and devotion to duty. So says his citation for the Distinguished Service Cross. [47] MICHAEL B. ELLIS, Sergeant, Company C, 28th Infantry, 1st Division. Private Ellis showed unusual courage in carrying supplies and in attacking "strong points" at Breuil, Pleissy, and Berzy-le-Sec, July 19-22, 1918. In the attack southwest of Soissons this man Ellis, alone, worked in behind the enemy line, capturing a German Company Commander and his Lieutenant. At the point of his bayonet he ordered these officers to lead him to their dugouts, where enemy troops were, and drove back to our lines not fewer than fifty prisoners. This won for him a citation. Sergeant Ellis was also awarded the Medal of Honor (in G. O. 74) "For conspicuous gallantry and in- trepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action with the enemy near Exermont, October 5, 1918. During the entire day's engagement he operated far in advance of the first wave of his company, volun- tarily undertaking most dangerous missions and single-handed attacking and reducing machine-gun nests. Flanking one emplacement, he killed 2 of the enemy with rifle fire and captured 17 others. Later he, single-handed, advanced under heavy fire and cap- tured 27 prisoners, including 2 officers and 6 machine guns, which had been holding up the advance of the company. The captured officers indicated the loca- tions of 4 other machine-guns, and he in turn cap- tured these, together with their crews, at all times showing marked heroism and fearlessness." Medal of Honor. [49] < BRIGADIER GENERAL PRESTON BROWN Arrived in France, August, 1917, with rank of Lieu- tenant Colonel. Promotions : Colonel, February 6, 1918; Brigadier General, August 16. Assignments: Chief of Stan', 82nd Division, August 25, 1917; Chief of Staff, 2nd Division, April 5, 1918; Chief of Staff, 4th Army Corps, September 19, 1918; Commanded 3rd Division in the Meuse-Argonne, Oc- tober 18, 1918; Assistant Chief of Staff, Advance G. H. Q., Germany. Born: Kentucky, January 2, 1872. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. As Chief of Staff of the Second Division he directed the details of the battles near Chateau-Thierry, Soissons, and at the St. Mihiel salient with great credit. Later, in command of the Third Division in the Argonne-Meuse offensive, at a most criti- cal time, by his splendid judgment and ener- getic action, his division was able to carry to a successful conclusion the operations at Clairs Chenes and at Hill 294." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [53] J F. M. WILLIAMS, Major, Machine Gun Battalion, 82nd Division. After many years' experience as a cowboy, Williams became a member of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. His "stunt" in the show was shooting glass balls and riding "bad" horses. Whenever his leg was broken he played in the band until the break mended. When the United States went to war Williams entered training camp and was graduated a lieutenant. He went overseas with a machine-gun outfit. On October 11, 1918, Williams (then Captain) was shot through the neck by a sniper. He tied his hand- kerchief around the wounds at the front and back of the neck and the wounds were never treated. He stayed continuously in the line. On October loth- four days later — at about 4 A.M., he received orders to proceed to Hill 182, which is just north of St. Juvin. He sent runners to notify his platoon com- manders to move at once. Taking one runner, he started toward Hill 182. Having reached the hill and found everything quiet, he sent his runner back to guide the company in, while he remained on the hill reconnoitering for machine-gun positions. In the early morning haze he saw a party of five Germans with an American prisoner. He at first thought that the American had five German prisoners and saun- tered leisurely toward the group. At about twenty feet the American prisoner shouted for help and one of the Bodies raised his rifle to his shoulder. Capt. Williams pulled his pistol and dropped this German. At the same time the second one of the enemy aimed his rifle at the American prisoner, who had fallen to the ground and was engaged in an attempt to load his revolver. The second shot from Williams' pistol brought down this second of the enemy. The third [ 57 ] German, whose position was slightly to the rear of Williams, with his rifle clubbed Capt. AVilliams, the blow glancing off the side of his head, his left shoul- der, and striking his right hand which was holding his pistol. The Captain did not let go his pistol, but with his left hand grasped the German's rifle, wrest- ling for possession of it. At this juncture, the second German started to get up from the ground where he had fallen and Williams, wrestling for possession of the rifle of the third German, again tired with his revolver at the second German, this time putting him out of business. He then turned his entire at- tention to the third German, with whom he was grappling, and shot him through the Adam's apple. The man went down, leaving his rifle in the Captain's left hand. The fourth German had started to return to the tight, but turned again and ran. The fifth German continued to hold his hands in the air and Capt. Williams, dropping to his knee, brought down the fleeing man with the German rifle, at a distance of some 75 yards. The fifth German was then the Captain's prisoner; the other four were dead. Will- iams had just begun to dress the wound of his new American friend, when a big skirmish line of Bodies came up over the hill from the north. He still had the Boche rifle and with it he killed the leader of this skirmish line, at a distance of about 200 yards. One of the sorrows of the Captain's life is that his Ger- man prisoner jumped into the woods and got away. The wounded American was by this time hurrying back to his own lines and the Captain ran back to the spot where his company was due to arrive and met his men with their machine-guns, coming up. He rushed them to the top of the hill in time to stop the general counter-attack on the town of St. Juvin. They held this position without outside assistance [59] {/-£ . rry] ^ from six o'clock on the 15th until two A.M. on the 16th — about 20 hours — capturing 32 prisoners and inflicting heavy losses on the enemy. Later in the day his company went over the top seven times in succession with the assault battalions, with the result that when he came out of the line he had left one officer and 25 men of his original company, which numbered 6 officers and 183 men. Capt. Williams in- cluded in his report this remark: "It sure was a good bunch of men." Distinguished Service Cross. Italian War Cross of Merit. JOHN F. NUGENT, Sergeant, 16.5th Infantry, 83rd Brigade, 42nd Division. Dispatch Rider ( Hoist' or Motorcycle) For keeping liaison work under very heavy bom- bardment, as well as performing first aid work and bringing food to men in the front lines, lie was rec- ommended for the Distinguished Service Cross for three days' fighting — July 30, 31 and August 1, 1918, in the Chateau-Thierrv district. [63] / *- u/rr, Che >f") / \ ^ MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM G. HAAN Arrived in France, March 4, 1918. Assignments : Commanded 32nd Division, February 16, 1918; Commanded 8th Army Corps, October 23 ; Commanded 32nd Division, November 6 ; Commanded 7th Army Corps, November 18. Born : Indiana, October -A, 1863. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. This officer, in command of the Thirty-second Division, took a prominent part in the Argonne-Meuse offensive and in the brilliant and successful attack against the Cote Dame Marie, covering several days, which deprived the enemy of the key point of the position. His clear conception of the tac- tical situations involved showed him to be a military leader of superior order." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [67] IV' ■I* / / L ■ BUDIE PITMAN, Private, Company M, 18th Infantry, 1st Division. Private Pitman was a dispatch bearer. Gassed and suffering severely from shell shock he continued carrying messages at the front line through violent barrage. He was cited March 16, 1918. His com- mander selected him as the representative enlisted man of his command because of his initiative, bravery and speed. Private Budie Pitman says he wouldn't have missed it for a million dollars, but that five mil- lion would not induce him to do it again — unless we have another war. [71] U U> / '? r LoL*i ! t ' Uc^%-t GENERAL TASKER H. BLISS Chief of the American Section of the Supreme War Council. Born: Pennsylvania, December 31, 1853. Distinguished Service Medal. "For his most exceptional services as Assistant Chief of Staff, acting Chief of Staff, and Chief of Staff of the United States Army, in which important positions his administrative ability and professional attainments were of great value to our armies. As chief of the American section of the Supreme War Council he has taken an important part in the shaping of the policies that have brought victory to our cause." G. O. 136 (December 20, 1918). [75] 4-M^ ^/a^^r C U? "-J^^oo LIEUTENANT GENERAL HUNTER LIGGETT Arrived in France, October 5, 1917, with rank of Major General. Promoted to Lieutenant General, October 16, 1918. Assignments: Commanded 41st Division ; Commanded 1st Army Corps, January 20, 1918; Commanded 1st Army, October 12, 1918; Later commanded 3rd Army, Army of Occupation. Born: Pennsylvania, March 21, 1857. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services as commander of the First Army of the American Expeditionary Forces. He commanded the First Corps and perfected its organization under difficult conditions of early service in France. Engaged in active operations in reduction of the Marne salient and of the St. Mihiel salient, and participated in the actions in the Forest of Argonne. In command of First Army when German re- sistance was shattered west of the Meuse." G. O. 136 (December 20, 1918). [79] © .„» fdrx*'-; jU^ MAJOR GENERAL JOSEPH E. KUHN Arrived in France, July 13, 1918. Commanded 79th Division, July 28, 1918. Engagements: Meuse-Argonne ( twice in line on offensive sectors and once on defensive sector). Born: Kansas, June 14, 1 864. [81] « -i- a (J- /?/, MAJOR GENERAL JOSEPH T. OICKMAN Arrived in France, March 14, 1918. Assignments : Commanded 3rd Division, March 30, 1917; Commanded 4th Army Corps, August 18, 1918; Commanded 1st Army Corps, October 12, 1918; Commanded 3rd Army (Army of Occupation). Born: Ohio, October 6, 1857. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services as commander of the Third Army, American Expeditionary Forces. Commanded the Third Division and contrib- uted in large measure to success in hurling back the final German general attack com- mencing July 14, 1918. He participated in offensive northward to Vesle River; com- manded successively the First Army Corps and the Third Army Corps in the Argonne Forest operation. In command of Third Army of occupation at Coblenz, Germany." G. O. 136 (December 20, 1918). [97] a '] ^C^r'^U MAJOR GENERAL ROBERT L. HOWZE Arrived in France, September 28, 1918. Assignments : Commanded 38th Division ; Temporarily assigned to 78th Division; Commanded 3rd Division, Army of Occupation Engagements : Meuse-Argonne. Born: Texas, August 22, 1864. Distinguished Service Medal. G. O. 89. [101] ^0 - ' ALVIN C. YORK, Sergeant, Company G, 328th Infantry, 82nd Division. Major General Duncan said, "The exploit of this tall, raw-boned, Tennessee mountaineer, with a red face and red hair, is the most remarkable I have heard of in the whole war." He is a drafted man. He "got religion" previous to the war. Although he had toted a gun ever since he could carry one, and was an excellent squirrel shot, he had then a fixed conviction that it was wrong to kill. However, he did not resist the draft and in fact he became a very excellent corporal. Captain Danforth, of his com- pany, took an interest in the boy and as a result of the Captain's use of scriptural quotations, York was convinced of the righteousness of the war and decided to fight. On the morning of the 8th of October, 1918, he was sent out with a combat group, in charge of a sergeant, to put certain enemy machine-guns out of action. The group came under the fire of a Hun machine- gun nest and the sergeant in command and all the members of the party were killed outright or mor- tally wounded, except Corporal York and seven men. Corporal York assumed command, the party pro- ceeded, charged the machine-gun nest, captured it and took several prisoners. The little party then advanced until they came under the fire of a line of thirty-five enemy machine-guns. In a moment York was fighting a battle alone against the thirty-five machine-guns. In fact, he out-fought the machine- gun battalion with his rifle and automatic pistol. He killed twenty of the Germans, captured one hundred and thirty-two prisoners, including a major and three lieutenants, put the thirty-five machine-guns out of business, and thereby broke up an entire battalion [ 105 ] which was about to counter-attack against the Ameri- cans on Hill 223, in the Argonne section, near Cha- teau-Thierry. Corporal York delivered his prisoners to the nearest battalion headquarters, which was not his own, and at his own headquarters he made no mention of his part in the affair. It was only by accident that the story came to his own commander from an adjacent battalion. The facts were then verified and for this action York received the Distinguished Service Cross and later the Congressional Medal of Honor. The artist asked Corporal York if he were married. "No," he answered slowly, with his Southern drawl, "I was always a kind of a mommer's boy." "I certify that I personally counted the prisoners reported to the P. C. of the 2nd Battalion, 328th Infantry, by Corporal Alvin C. York, Company G, 328th Infan- try, on October 8, 1918, and found them to be one hundred and thirty-two in number. Joseph A. Woods, 1st Lieutenant, Assistant Division Inspector." [107] © Cha ff/9 > x GEORGE E. BURR, Sergeant, First Class, Company C, 107th Field Signal Battalion, 32nd Division. "For extraordinary heroism in action near Cierges, August 2, 1918." Sergeant Burr, in charge of a detachment, strung wire far in advance of the front lines, working through heavy artillery fire, to the point where the regimental post of command was to be situated, one hundred yards from the enemy line. When he was ordered to leave one man at the instrument while the rest of the detachment returned to the rear, Sergeant Burr selected himself and remained alone in this dangerous position. The men of his detachment say his smile "never came off." [Ill] - / / ■ ■ ■ MAJOR GENERAL GEORGE B. DUNCAN Arrived in France, June, 1917, with rank of Colonel. Promotions: Brigadier General, August 5, 1917 ; Major General, April 12, 1918. Assignments : Colonel, 26th Infantry, 1st Division; Commanded 1st Brigade, 1st Division, August 5. 1917; Commanded 77th Division, May 26, 1918; Commanded 82nd Division, October 15, 1918. Born: Kentucky, October 10, 1861. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. Arriving in France with the first contingent of American troops, he com- manded in turn a regiment, brigade, and divi- sion with conspicuous success. In the com- mand of the Seventy-seventh Division, in the Baccarat sector, his sound military judgment, energy, and resolution were important factors in the successes gained. Later, in command of the Eighty-second Division, in the Argonne- Meuse offensive, he proved himself a brilliant leader, with great force and energy." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [113] £.&. w- • ' 1 1 PATRICK WALSH, Sergeant, Company I, 18th Infantry, 1st Division. Pat — you know it's Pat — has done thirty-one years of service in the U. S. Regular Army. He is the kind of sergeant upon whom the training and disci- pline of the Army depend. When we went into the war he was given a chance to retire with pension, having served his full time, but Walsh preferred to go overseas after more medals — and won them, too — the Distinguished Service Cross and the Croix de Guerre with Palm. In a brilliant manner he cap- tured a nest of enemy machine-guns that was doing particular damage to his unit. General Pershing's congratulations were conveyed to Sergeant Walsh through the First Division Headquarters March 5, 1918. According to his citation in General Orders 126, "He voluntarily followed his company commander to the first line through a severe barrage, and when the captain was killed, he assumed command of a group on his own initiative, attacked a superior force of the enemy and inflicted heavy losses upon them." [117] © ■■ ■ "vJ L ^U- rS MAJOR GENERAL EDWARD F. McGLACHLIN Arrived in France, March 4, 1918, with rank of Brigadier General. Promoted to Major General, April 12, 1918. Born: Wisconsin, June 9, 1868. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. As commander of the Ar- tillery of the First Army in its organization and subsequent operations he solved the diffi- cult problems involved with rare military judgment. In the St. Mihiel and Argonne- Meuse offensives his qualities as a leader were demonstrated by the effective employment of Artillery that was planned and conducted under his direction. He later commanded with great ability and success the First Infantry Division of the American Expeditionary Forces." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [121] v_*. ■ilA^ei Ifl/M^iljZ+JM^U/^ MAJOR GENERAL JOHN L. HINES Arrived in France, June 13, 1917, witli rank of Lieu- tenant Colonel. Promotions : Colonel, August 5, 1917; Brigadier General, April 12, 1918; Major General, August 8, 1918. Assignments: Commanded 16th Infantry; Commanded 1st Infantry Brigade, 1st Division, May 5, 1918; Commanded 4th Division, August 31, 1918; Commanded 3rd Army Corps, October 12, 1918. Born: West Virginia, May 21, 1868. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services as regimental, brigade, divi- sion, and corps commander. He displayed marked ability in each of the important duties with which he was intrusted and exhibited in the operations near Montdidier and Soissons and in the St. Mihiel and Argonne-Meuse offensives his high attainments as a soldier and a commander." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [125] BRIGADIER GENERAL WALTER D. McCAW Arrived in France, March 7, 1918, with rank of Colonel. Promoted to Brigadier General ; Surgeon General, A. E. F. Born: Virginia, February 10, 1863. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. His counsel and advice in the earlier stages of the operations of the American Expeditionary Forces were of par- ticular benefit to the effective work of the Medical Department. As chief surgeon of the American Expeditionary Forces, in the later operations in the field, he maintained the splendid efficiency of that department at a critical time and solved each new problem presented with wisdom and marked ability." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [129] UO ft i ■*- '?" ^ .<,(.-< ,-jvl v' JAMES A. MEISSNER, Major, Air Service, Pilot, 147th Aero Squadron. "For extraordinary heroism in action in the Toul sector May 2, 1918." This was while Meissner, then a lieutenant, was at- tached to the 94th Aero Squadron. This engage- ment was with a German Albatross Scout — the first enemy plane he had seen in the air. He was flying a Nieuport and in the combat the entering wedge and upper surface of fabric were torn away from the wing of his plane and he was subjected to heavy fire from anti-aircraft batteries, but by a skilful operation and cool judgment, he succeeded in making a landing within the American lines. A Bronze Oak Leaf was awarded Meissner, then Captain, for each of the fol- lowing acts of heroism in action : On May 30, 1918, he attacked two enemy planes at an altitude of 4500 meters, and after a sharp en- gagement shot one down in flames and forced the other back into its own territory. One of his wings was again torn as before, but he was able to land safely on the home field. His third victory was in combat with a Boche Observation Plane over Eply, June 5th. This after a long chase. His fourth vic- tory was in combat with another Boche Observation Plane, June 13th, over Thiacourt. July 24th he was assigned to command the 147th Aero Squadron (this when he was 21 years old). August 1st, aided by Lieutenant Brotherton, in a fight against six Fokker Scouts, he won his fifth vic- tory. During the St. Mihiel Drive and the Argonne Drive, he operated from the Rembercourt Field, do- ing low patrols from 100 to 1500 feet high and spe- cializing in attacks on enemy observation balloons at dawn and sunset. His sixth victory was in combat [153] © (Hit with an observation plane over Nantillois in con- junction with Lieutenant O'Niel, on October 10th. October 28th he shot down an observation balloon east of Dun-sur-Meuse at dawn. October 29th he won a victory over an observation plane (Rumpler) at Buzancy. Total combats, about 20. Promoted to Major Octo- ber 4, 1918. Distinguished Service Cross and four Bronze Oak Leaves. DAVID BINKLEY, Sergeant. Company I, 1 68th Infantry, 42nd Division. "For extraordinary heroism in action at Hill 212. near Sergy, northeast of Chateau-Thierry, July 18, 1918. "Private Binkley sought nod obtained permission to go out in front of our lines and recover his corporal who was lying severely wounded in the open." He crossed an open area that was swept for more than fifty yards by enemy machine guns. AVhile the enemy fire was directed at him he reached his corporal, picked him up and carried him in Lis arms safely back into our lines. Later he was wounded but re- fused to go to the aid station until his company had won its objective. Distinguished Service Cross. [157] MAJOR GENERAL ROBERT ALEXANDER Arrived in France, November, 1917, with rank of Colonel. Promotions : Brigadier General, December 17, 1917; Major General, August 8, 1918. Assignments : Inspector General, Lines of Communication, Novem- ber 23, 1917; Commanding 41st (1st Depot) Division, February 13, 1918; Commanding 63rd Infantry Brigade, August 3; Commanding 77th Division, September 7. Born: Maryland, October 12, 1863. Distinguished Service Cross. "For extraordinary heroism in action near Grand-Pre, France, October 11, 1918. Dur- ing the advance in the Argonne Forest, and at a time when his forces were fatigued by the stress of battle and a long period of active front-line service, Major General Alexander visited the units in the front line, cheering and encouraging them to greater efforts. Unmind- ful of the severe fire to which he was subjected, he continued until he had inspected each group, his utter disregard of danger and inspiring example resulting in the crossing of the Aire and the capture of Grand-Pre and St. Juvin." G. O. 35 (March 8, 1919). [161] /W/^w>r MAJOR GENERAL HENRY T. ALLEN Arrived in France, June 22, 1918; Organized, trained, and fought 90th Division ; Later organized and commanded 8th Army Corps. Born: Kentucky, April 13, 1859. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. In command of the Nine- tieth Division. He had the most important position of conducting the right flank at the St. Mihiel salient. The brilliant success there gained and later repeated in the Argonne- Meuse offensive showed him to be an officer of splendid judgment, high attainments, and excellent leadership. Later he commanded the Eighth Army Corps with skill and judgment." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [165] J J 1 / V^- J ^ XJ — MAJOR GENERAL GEORGE BELL, Jr. Arrived in France, May 24, 1918; Commanded the 33rd Division, May 25, 1918. Born: Maryland, January 23, 18.59. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. He led his command, with distinction, in the offensive operations with the British which resulted in the capture of Hamel and Hamel Woods, and in the fighting on the Meuse that gained the villages of Marcheville, St. Hilaire, and a portion of Bois d'Harville. He displayed a high order of leadership in the Argonne-Meuse offensive, when his division attacked and captured the strongly fortified Bois de Forges. The suc- cessful operations of the division which he trained and commanded in comhat were greatly influenced by his energy and abilities as a commander." G. O. 59 (May 3, 1919). [169] , p /O / cu /'• ***- BRIGADIER GENERAL THOMAS B. DUGAN Assignments : 70th Infantry Brigade; Later commanded 35th Division. Born: Maryland, July 27, 1858. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. He commanded the 70th Infantry Brigade during a part of the Meuse- Argonne offensive with great distinction and marked ability. By his painstaking energy, zeal, and great initiative he proved to be a material factor in the successes of the divi- sion." G. O. 59 (May 3, 1919). [173] , . 'Kc^ H. C. DOUGHERTY, Color-Sergeant, Headquarters Company, 18th Infantry, 1st Division. His Division Adjutant designated Dougherty as a "non-commissioned officer of splendid courage, energy and ability — an example to all. Notably on July 21st and 22nd, when in command of reinforce- ments for the front line, he carried out his mission with complete success, commanding his detachment with the greatest skill, coolness and energy. Upon being relieved, he returned to bring out on his back one of the wounded of his detachment." For this act of braver)' he was cited by the com- manding general of the First Division and was also awarded the Croix de Guerre. Color-Sergeant Dougherty participated with his regi- ment in all its battles, including the St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne offensives. From November 6 to 11 he particularly distinguished himself in the Ardennes Drive. Colonel Hunt, of the 18th Infan- try, wrote, "Color-Sergeant Dougherty, when at the Picardy front April 28th to July 28th, rendered in- valuable services to the regiment. He was at all times an example of the best type of an American soldier." Distinguished Service Cross and the Croix de Guerre. [177] BRIGADIER GENERAL DENNIS E. NOLAN Arrived in France, June 13, 1917, with rank of Major. Promotions: Colonel, August 5, 1917; Brigadier General, August 8, 1918. Assignments : Assistant Chief of Staff, G. H. Q., 2nd Section (In- telligence) ; Commanded 55th Infantry Brigade, 28th Division, September 28 ; Assistant Chief of Staff, G. H. Q., 2nd Section (In- telligence), October 10. Born: New York, April 22, 1872. Distinguished Service Cross. "For extraordinary heroism in action near Apremont, France, October 1, 1918. While the enemy were preparing a counter-attack, which they preceded by a terrific barrage, Gen. Nolan made his way into the town of Apre- mont and personally directed the movements of his tanks under a most harassing fire of enemy machine-guns, rifles, and artillery. His indomitable courage and coolness so in- spired his forces that about 400 of our troops repulsed an enemy attack of two German regiments." G. O. 50 (April 12, 1919). Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. He organized and admin- istered with marked ability the intelligence sec- tion of the General Staff of the American Expeditionary Forces. His estimates of the complex and everchanging military and politi- [181] cal situation, his sound judgment, and accurate discrimination were invaluable to the Govern- ment, and influenced greatly the success that attended the operations of the American armies in Europe." G. O. 12 (January 17. 1919). [ 183 ] ^rf^^/r^Ld. MIECZYSLAW BROCKI, Corporal, Company B, 16th Infantry, 1st Division. For extraordinary heroism in action south of Soissons July 21, 1018, Brocki was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. On this date German machine-guns were causing very heavy losses to Company B, and Brocki, on his own initiative, dashed forward with two companions through the heavy fire of the enemy, and captured two German machine-guns. This was only one incident of Corporal Brocki's exceptional activities during the operations from July 18 to 22. [ 187 ] DOUGLAS CAMPBELL, Captain, Air Service, Pilot. "For extraordinary heroism in action on May 19, 1918. "Captain Campbell attacked an enemy biplane at an altitude of 4.500 meters east of Flirey. He rushed to the attack, but after shooting a few rounds, his gun jammed. Undeterred by this accident, he maneu- vered so as to protect himself, corrected the jam in mid-air and returned to the assault. After a short, violent action the enemy collapsed and crashed to the earth. "One Bronze Oak Leaf was awarded to Captain Campbell for each of the following acts of extraor- dinary heroism in action: "On May 27th he encountered three enemy mono- planes at an altitude of 3000 meters over Montsec. Despite the superior strength of the enemy, he promptly attacked and, fighting a brave battle, shot down one German machine, which fell in three pieces, and drove the other two well within the enemy lines. On May 28th he saw six German Albatross aero- planes flying toward him at an altitude of 3000 meters, near Bois Rata. Regardless of personal dan- ger, he immediately attacked and by skilful maneu- vering and accurate operation of his machine gun, he brought one plane down in flames and drove the other five back into their own lines. On May 31st, he took the offensive against two German biplanes at an alti- tude of 2500 meters, over Lironville, shot down one of them and pursued the other far behind the German lines. On June 5th, accompanied by another pilot, he attacked two enemy battle-planes at an altitude of 5700 meters over Eply. After a spirited combat, Captain Campbell was shot through the back by a [191] machine gun bullet, but in spite of his injury, kept on fighting until he had forced one of the enemy planes to the ground, where it was destroyed by ar- tillery fire, and had driven the other plane back into his own territory." Distinguished Service Cross and four Bronze Oak Leaves. French Legion of Honor. HAROLD J. DEVEREAUX, Private, Company M, 125th Infantry. 32nd Division. When General Ludendorff reported that the Ameri- can soldier is less a soldier and more a "hunter," he evidently had in mind this type. When Devereaux's company had crossed the River Ourcq and captured the Bois Pelger, the corporal of his squad, fighting beside Private Devereaux, was wounded by machine-gun fire. The corporal fell to the ground and the enemy continued to fire on the wounded man. This peeved Private Devereaux, who sprinted across the open and single handed attacked and put out of action that machine-gun. Devereaux is one of the "hunters" who won the Distinguished Service Cross and the Croix de Guerre with gilt star. [193] MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM M. WRIGHT Arrived in France, April 16, 1918. Assignments : Commanded 35th Division, May 4 ; Commanded 3rd Corps, June 17 ; Commanded 5th Corps, July 10; Commanded 7th Corps, August 22 ; Commanded 89th Division, October 1 ; Commanded 1st Corps. Born: New Jersey, September 24, 1863. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. He commanded in turn the Thirty-fifth Division; the Third, Fifth, and Seventh Army Corps, under the eighth French Army in the Vosges Mountains, and later com- manded the Eighty-ninth Division in the St. Mihiel offensive and in the final operations on the Meuse River, where he proved himself to be an energetic and aggressive leader." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [197] MAJOR GENERAL EDMUND WITTENMYER Arrived in France, April 30, 1918, with rank of Brigadier General. Promoted to Major General, October 13, 1918. Assignments: Commanded 153rd Infantry Brigade, 77th Division; Commanded 7th Division, October 27. Born : Ohio, April 25, 1862. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. He served with marked distinction as brigade commander in the Ar- gonne-Meuse offensive and as division com- mander in the final operations in the Toul sector, and in both capacities, by his untiring efforts and breadth of vision, proved himself to be an able leader." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [201] J \ J I '„,,* fife RALPH ATKINSON, Sergeant, Headquarters Company, 167th Infantry, 42nd Division. "For extraordinary heroism in action near Landres- et-St. Georges, October 16, 1918." During the attack on C6te-de-Chatillon Sergeant Atkinson, in command of the Stokes Mortar Platoon, was advancing with the first wave of the assault, when, upon nearing the objective about two hundred and fifty of the enemy formed for a counter-attack. At this juncture Sergeant Atkinson with a Stokes mor- tar ran out under heavy fire to a position where he could get a fair field of fire, set up the mortar and opened a murderous fire on the approaching enemy, dispersing them in every direction. His quick action and good judgment not only broke up the enemy counter-attack but inflicted very severe losses, Atkin- son himself showing extraordinary heroism and cour- age at a most critical time. Distinguished Service Cross. [ 205 ] © , P 6 PEARL J. WINES, Sergeant, Company E, 358th Infantry, 90th Division. Wines was wounded at St. Mihiel, September 12, 1918. Five Germans unexpectedly jumped upon him and "got him" in the side. Down went Sergeant Wines, but up again and at the five. Unaided, he engaged the entire number. Three of the Germans perished by his bayonet and the other two lie drove back as prisoners to his own lines. This about one kilometer north of Fey-en-Haye. Distinguished Service Cross. PHILIP BENSON, First Lieutenant, Air Service, Pilot, 185th Aero Squadron. Volunteered under orders for night bombing and with a Sopwith camel was particularly efficient in night "chasse" work. He was one of those who had the privilege and distinction of giving the Hun a taste of his own medicine — this by dropping bombs on German towns and firing into Hun supply trains. [ 209 ] JJ*Msn> MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES P. SUMMERALL Arrived in France, October 31, 1917, with rank of Brigadier General. Promoted to Major General, June 26, 1918. Assignments : Commanded 67th Field Artillery Brigade; Commanded 1st Field Artillery Brigade, Decem- ber 19; Commanded 1st Division, July 1 ; Commanded 5th Corps, October 18. Born: Florida, March 1, 1867. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. He commanded in turn a brigade of the First Division in the operations near Montdidier, the First Division during the Soissons and St. Mihiel offensives and in the early battles of the Argonne-Meuse advance, and the Fifth Army Corps in the later battles of this advance. In all of these important duties his calm courage, his clear judgment, and his soldierly character had a marked in- fluence in the attainment of the successes of his commands." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [215]

rf(w* *s£> '7' C '/tya -2-4* © (Lhasa THOMAS H. FALLAW, Captain, 167th Infantry, 42nd Division. "For extraordinary heroism in action near Landres- et-St. Georges, October 16, 1918. "In the attack on the C6te-de-Chatillon, seeing that the entire advance was being held up in an open field by heavy machine-gun fire from the edge of the wood, Captain Fallaw organized a detachment and led it in a rush on the woods under heavy fire, making a daring and vigorous attack on the enemy machine- gun nests, clearing the edge of the woods, capturing prisoners, and inflicting severe losses on the enemy. Through this gallant act Captain Fallaw gained the final objective with a minimum loss to his command and set an inspiring example of disregard for per- sonal safety and devotion to duty." Citation for Distinguished Service Cross. F. H. McKAIG, Corporal, 83rd Company, (5th Marines, 2nd Division. Corporal McKaig was one of the boys who "held 'em" at Chateau-Thierry. He showed extraordinary heroism while acting as battalion runner, repeatedly carrying important messages through heavy fire of enemy machine-guns and artillery and gas and under the bombs of enemy planes. This on the night of September 14, 1918, while the Germans were counter- attacking near Jaulny. [ 249 ] f ™ . HERMAN KORTH, Sergeant, Company D, 121st Machine Gun Battalion, 32nd Division. "For extraordinary heroism in action at Juvigny, north of Soissons, August 31, 1918." This man was born in a little German town, but was made in America. Out on the brow of a gently slop- ing hill went Korth alone. The enemy machine-guns were below the slope of the hill, and it was impossible for our gunners to see their location, so Korth volun- teered to go out on the hill top and drive stakes to line our artillery fire on. There, within sight of the enemy, he remained directing our artillery fire, his chance for life one in a million. Distinguished Service Cross. [ 255 ] © rfrrjf BRIGADIER GENERAL WALTER A. BETHEL Arrived in France, June K3. 1917, with rank of Lieu- tenant Colonel. . Promoted : Brigadier General, August 5, 1917; Judge Advocate, A. E. F. Born: Ohio, November 25, 18(36. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. As judge advocate of the American Expeditionary Forces he organized this important department and administered its affairs with conspicuous efficiency from the date of the arrival in France of the first Ameri- can combat troops. His marked legal ability and sound judgment were important factors in the splendid work of his department, and he at all times handled with success the various mili- tary and international problems that arose as a result of the operations of our armies." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [257] ■''1 *0«1 MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES J. BAILEY Arrived in France, August 18, 1918; Commanded the 81st Division, September 7, 1918. Horn: Pennsylvania, June 21, 1859. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. He commanded the 81st Division, with dis- tinction, throughout its operations beginning October 1, 1918. The excellent conduct of this division was due, in a large measure, to his great military knowledge, energy and zeal. He has shown qualities of able leadership and has rendered services of great value to the American Expeditionary Forces." [261] (l—h/fi< <*~« MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES T. MENOHER Arrived in France, August 13, 1917, with rank of Brigadier General. Promoted to Major General, November 28, 1917. Assignments : Commanded 42nd Division, November 1, 1917; Commanded fith Army Corps, November 10, 1918. Born: Pennsylvania, March 20, 18(52. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. In command of the Forty- second Division from Chateau-Thierry to the conclusion of the Argonne-Meuse offensive, including the Baccarat sector, Rheims, Vesle, and at the St. Mihiel salient, this officer, with his division, participated in all of those im- portant engagements. The reputation as a fighting unit of the Forty-second Division is in no small measure due to the soldierly quali- ties and the military leadership of this officer." G. O. 12 (January 17. 1919). [ 265 ] © Jest' 1 ' CI*!*. If! C — . *" PAUL W. BRADLEY, Corporal, Machine Gun Company, 165th Infantry, 42nd Division. Cited four times for extraordinary heroism in action: April 26, 1918, Ancerviller; July 29, Meurcy Farm (Chateau-Thierry) ; October 14, near Landres-et-St. Georges (Meuse-Argonne) ; and November 3, in the advance on Sedan. "When an enemy shell struck the gun position of his squad near Ancerviller severely wounding him. Corporal Bradley, then a private, coolly removed the gun to a place of safety and returned for the tripod, being wounded for the second time in so doing." Near Meurcy Farm this soldier, in command of his squad, was severely wounded in the arm by machine- gun lire, but refused medical treatment, remaining with his command until the objective had been taken and the line firmly established. "During the advance on the enemy position near Landres-et-St. Georges, Corporal Bradley again dis- played conspicuous coolness and courage in taking charge of his section, after the section-sergeant had been wounded, and directing the placing and firing of the guns." Distinguished Service Cross. [269] BRIGADIER GENERAL EDGAR RUSSEL Arrived in France, June 13, 1917, with rank of Colonel. Promoted to Brigadier General, August 5, 1917; Chief of the Signal Corps, A. E. F. Born: Missouri, February 20, 1862. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. As chief signal officer, American Expeditionary Forces, he has shown great ability in the organization and administration of his department and the re- sults attained are largely due to his zeal and energy. The Signal Corps in France stands out as one of the masterful accomplishments of the American Expeditionary Forces, and to General Russel is due the credit for its foundation and organization." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [ 273 ] ^ty^Q^JiA c<.*y IjC-i^l- U 2vd\ AUGUST STEIDL, Sergeant, Company A, 26th Infantry, 1st Division. Cited for extraordinary heroism in action from July 18 to 23, 1918. "Steidl showed exceptional bravery and control over his platoon while advancing through enemy machine- gun and artillery fire before reaching his final ob- jective, which he took, in spite of wounds, gas, and shell shock." For further acts of extraordinary heroism he was awarded the Croix de Guerre with Palm, and the Medaille Militaire. 277 ] \ . V '■ i i GRADY PARRISH, Sergeant, Company G, 167th Infantry, 42nd Division. "For extraordinary heroism in action near C6te-de- Chatillon, October^ 16, 1918. After his platoon commander had been severely wounded and his platoon had suffered heavy casual- ties, Sergeant Parrish quickly reorganized the re- mainder of the platoon and personally led it in the attack on C6te-de-Chatillon. By his daring acts, coolness, and good judgment, he broke up a heavy enemy counter-attack on his front, thereby saving his men and being an example of exceptional heroism and devotion to duty." Distinguished Service Cross. STACY A. LEWIS, Sergeant, Company A, 2nd Machine Gun Battalion, 1st Division. "For extraordinary heroism in action near Soissons, July 22, 1918. "He voluntarily organized a machine-gun crew, moved forward in front of the Infantry under heavy machine-gun and shell fire, killed an entire enemy machine-gun nest, and captured the guns." Distinguished Service Cross. [281] I Hi f y - ChOJr "I /, ■ / . JOHN R. O'BRIEN, Corporal, Company K, 23rd Infantry, 2nd Division. "After his platoon commander had been severely wounded and his platoon sergeant killed, he assumed command of the platoon, keeping- the men well up on the line, controlling their fire and, by good advice and judgment, conserving life. This on the 6th of June, 1918." On June 18th a particularly pesky nest of enemy machine-guns were blazing with a deadly fire at Com- pany K. That's this boy's company — and "up and at 'em" went Corporal J. R. O'Brien, of Boston. That machine-gun nest received O'Brien's particular at- tention. For his nerve a French general decorated him with the Medaille Militaire and the Croix de Guerre with Palm, and kissed him on the cheek. [ 287 ] (Lor MAJOR GENERAL WALTER H. GORDON Arrived in France, May 1, 1918, with rank of Briga- dier General. Promoted to Major General, August 8, 1918. Assignments : Commanded 10th Brigade, 5th Division; Commanded 6th Division, August 1, 1918. Born: Mississippi, June 24, 1863. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. As Brigade Commander of the 10th Infantry Brigade, he showed great energy and zeal in the conduct of his Brigade during the major part of its manoeuvers. Later, as Division Commander of the 6th Division, by his painstaking efforts, he brought this division to a marked state of efficiency, rendering services of great value to the American Expeditionary Forces." G. O. 70. [ 289 ] ^VBE_ tf^$~~~jlLr-* BRIGADIER GENERAL BENJAMIN D. FOULOIS Arrived in France, November 12, 1917. Assignments : Chief of Air Service, November 17, 1917 — May, 1918; Chief of Air Service, First Army, May, 1918 — July, 1918; Assistant Chief of Air Service, A. E. F., July, 1918. Born: Connecticut, December 9, 1879. Cited for especially meritorious services by the Commander- in-Chief, A. E. F. [ 293 ] r' '^r-^ 1 C . m — i • ■ ' BRIGADIER GENERAL SAMUEL D. ROCKENBACH Arrived in France, June 13, 1917, with runic of Colonel. Promoted to Brigadier General, June 26, 1918; Chief of Tank Corps. Born: Virginia, January 27, 1869. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished service. As quartermaster of Base Section No. 1, St. Nazaire, from June to December, 1917, he rendered especially valu- able services. Confronted with a problem of great magnitude befraught with serious diffi- culties, lie went about his task with keen determination, and by his energy and great zeal organized and efficiently operated the first American base in France. Later as Chief of the Tank Corps, by his tireless energy and keen determination he established schools of training for tank personnel and laid the foun- dation for the organization of the tank units. He ably directed the operations of the tanks with the First Army and contributed in a measure to the success attained." G. O. 78 (June 16, 1919). [ 297 ] Chan, WILLIAM A. HARTMAN, Sergeant, Company F, 107th Engineers, 32nd Division. "He was a member of a patrol sent out from the battalion post of command at midnight, August 4, 1918, to reconnoiter the Vesle River front, near Fismes, for the location of possible sites for pontoon bridges and of material for making such structures. Despite heavy artillery and machine-gun fire that forced the patrol to scatter and separated him from the lieutenant in charge, he continued the work on his own initiative, and, acting entirely without orders, started his detail on the actual construction of rafts for the pontoon bridges. His courage, ability as a leader, and his inflexible determination made the reconnaissance a complete success." In his portrait Sergeant Hartman is exhibiting two cubes of "T N T", the wire used in fastening the explosive, and a spool of time-fuse. Distinguished Service Cross. [301] ll ':f V\ Vm fLAX t . BRIGADIER GENERAL ROBERT C. DAVIS Arrived in France, July 28, 1917, with rank of Major. Promotions : Lieutenant Colonel, August 5, 1917; Colonel, May 9, 1918; Brigadier General, June 2(5, 1918; Adjutant General, A. E. F. Born: Pennsylvania, October 12, 187(i. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. As adjutant general of the American Expeditionary Forces he has per- formed his exacting duties with high profes- sional skill and administrative ability. The exceptional efficiency of the adjutant general's department under his direction was a material factor in the success of the staff work at gen- eral headquarters." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [305 ] I MAJOR GENERAL JOHN A. LEJEUNE Arrived in France, June 8, 1918, with rank of Briga- dier General. Promoted to Major General, August 30, 1918. Assignments : Commanded 64th Brigade, 32nd Division, July 5, 1918; Commanded 4th Brigade, Marines, 2nd Division, July 25 ; Commanded 2nd Division, July 28. Born: Louisiana, January 10, 1867. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. He commanded the Second Division in the successful operations of Thiau- court, Masif Blanc Mont, St. Mihiel, and on the west bank of the Meuse. In the Argonne- Meuse offensive his division was directed with such sound military judgment and ability that it broke and held, by the vigor and rapidity of execution of its attacks, enemy lines which had hitherto been considered impregnable." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [309] ' DOUGALD FERGUSON, Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 126th Infantry, 32nd Division. "For extraordinary heroism in action. "When the Infantry on his right was held up by fire of an enemy machine-gun at Cierges, northeast of Chateau-Thierry, August 1, 1918, he seized a rifle and rushed around the flank of the enemy's position, bayoneting two of the machine-gun crew and shoot- ing the third, thus enabling the Infantry to advance." Distinguished Service Cross. Croix de Guerre with Palm. FRED CARNEY, Private, Company G, 26th Infantry, 1st Division. "With great coolness and bravery, under machine- gun and shell fire, maintained liaison between his battalion and company and assisted in reorganizing his platoon after the platoon commander was wounded" (citation, December 13th) — this during operations between the Argonne and the Meuse. His Commanding Officer selected Private Carney as his "ideal soldier." [313] ■ :" Cl\ feW^ ^r , , MAJOR GENERAL MARK L. HERSEY Arrived in France, June 8, 1918, with rank of Briga- dier General. Promoted to Major General, October 1, 1918; Commanded 4th Division, October 31, 1918. Born: Maine, December 1, 1863. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. As a brigade commander during the latter part of the Meuse-Argonne operation he exhibited qualities of excellent leadership and sound judgment. His brigade attacked and penetrated the strong enemy position of Bois des Loges and wrested this strong point from the enemy. The success of his brigade in this engagament was in a large measure due to his able leadership. Later he commanded with distinction the 4th Division during its operations in the occupied terri- tory." G. O. 62 (May 10, 1919). [ 373] *- J.- 1 i. C f-3 I ***** ^ i/ ' JAMES M. SYMINGTON, First Lieutenant, Intelligence Officer of the 1st Battalion, 23rd Infantry, 2nd Division. "Showed unhesitating bravery and devotion during the attack on the enemy June 6, 1918, near Chateau- Thierry, when, the officers of two platoons having heen killed and the men, not knowing their objective, having been thrown into great confusion and suffering heavy losses, he voluntarily and outside of his regular duty rushed in front of the firing line and assisted in reorganizing the men and leading them toward the proper objective; this in the face of artillery and machine-gun barrage. "The objective was taken, a small reverse changed into a success and the men saved from useless de- struction." BURTON M. BAKER, Private, Machine Gun Company, 168th Infantry. Baker began his fighting career on the Lorraine front, near Badonviller, on the 5th of March, 1918. His battalion was in the trenches for the first time. The enemy attacked in great strength, after heavy artillery preparation. Most of his comrades in his unit were killed or wounded and the oncoming Bodies far outnumbered the small group of Americans. Just then Private Baker, by his disregard of personal danger, showed a dashing example to his remaining fellows and the Boche attack was utterly repulsed. [ 377 ] © I4t4 Vv-\ # MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM WEIGEL Arrived in France, May 12, 1918, with rank of Briga- dier General. Promoted to Major General, August 8, 1918. Assignments : Commanded 56th Brigade, 28th Division ; Commanded 88th Division, November 5. Born: New Jersey, August 25, 1863. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. As commander of a brigade of the Twenty-eighth Division in the fighting on the Vesle of August, 1918, he inspired con- fidence by his constant activities and his ag- gressive pressing of the enemy at every oppor- tunity, which resulted in driving the hostile forces across the Vesle northward toward the Aisne." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [383 ] -iT" (,- -. m .■;-■ Cfiisg, K*".- • BRIGADIER GENERAL GEORGE V. H. MOSELEY Arrived in France, September, 1917, with rank of Colonel. Promoted to Brigadier General, June 26, 1918; Assistant Chief of Staff, G. H. Q., 4th Section (Co ordination). Born: Illinois, September 28, 1874. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and conspicu- ous services as assistant chief of staff. He handled with great executive ability and rare understanding all problems of equipping and supplying the large numbers of American troops arrived and operating in France, and by his large grasp of supply problems and tireless energy he has conspicuously aided the successful administration of the supply depart- ment." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [ 385 ] . ■■■■ ■•; U> >fc«yvf MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES G. MORTON Arrived in France, June 27, 1918. Commanded 29th Division, July 6, 1918. Born: Maine, January 15, 1861. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. He commanded the Twenty- ninth Division from the date of its organiza- tion until the end of hostilities; and led this division with skill and ability in the successful operations east and northeast of Verdun which forced the enemy to maintain this front with strong forces, thus preventing an increase of hostile strength between the Argonne and the Meuse." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [389] A /? 0*7 Crrrrsr/ngJ S1 UtSLZ6>(? ^/- / BRIG. GENERAL MERRIWEATHER L. WALKER Arrived in France, December 10, 1917, with rank of Colonel. Promoted to Brigadier General, June 26, 1918. Director of .Motor T r a n s p o r t Corps ( "Gas Hounds"). Born: Virginia, September 30, 1869. Distinguished Service Medal. [ 393 ] ^yz^. <^>*^- DEWEY HALPHEN, Private, Company I, 28th Infantry. 1st Division. This boy received the D. S. C. and the Croix de Guerre for conspicuous gallantry in action during the capture and defense of Cantigny, May 27-31, 1918. One of his acts of heroism was a knife duel with one of the enemy who had attacked him. Hal- phen succeeded in killing his attacker. An on-looker said that the participants in the duel looked like David and Goliath. His citation as given in General Orders 99 further states that Halphen acted as liaison agent during the fight at Cantigny with courageous disregard of his own safety. In this citation he is listed as a private of Company M, 37th Infantry. CARL C. MAYHEW, First Lieutenant, 101st Infantry, 26th Division. "For skill and courage displayed while making a dar- ing patrol in the enemy's front line trenches on the night of May 8, 1918, resulting in the death of two German officers, and the gathering of valuable in- formation." Lieutenant Mayhew participated in forty-four raids and received three citations. Croix de Guerre. [397] Q^&. MAJOR GENERAL JAMES W. McANDREW Arrived in France, June 28, 1917, with rank of Colonel. Promotions: Brigadier General, August 5, 1917 ; Major General, April 12, 1918. Assignments : Commanded Army Schools at Langres ; Chief of Staff, A. E. F., May 3, 1918. Born : Pennsylvania, June 29, 1862. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services as chief of staff of the Ameri- can Expeditionary Forces. The development of the Army schools in France is largely due to his marked ability as an organizer and to his brilliant professional attainments. As chief of staff of the American Expeditionary Forces during the period of active operations, he has met every demand of his important position; by his advice and decisions he has materially contributed to the success of these forces; and he has at all times enjoyed in full the confidence of the commander-in-chief." G. O. 136 (December 20, 1918). [401] 9 ^ ^# / a*. BRIGADIER GENERAL LE ROY ELTINGE Arrived in France, July 27, 1917, with rank of Lieu- tenant Colonel. Promotions : Colonel, August 5, 1917; Brigadier General, August 1, 1918. Deputy Chief of Staff, G. H. Q., May 6, 1918. Born: New York, September 17, 1872. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. By his untiring efforts, his great ability, and his devotion to duty he has rendered most conspicuous services to the Government as deputy chief of staff of the American Expeditionary Forces." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919). [405 ] MJUJ GEORGE W. PURYEAR, First Lieutenant. Air Service, Pilot. Lieutenant Puryear was the first American officer to escape from a German prison. He was captured July 26, 1918, north of Chateau-Thierry, and con- fined in four different prison camps in Germany. He escaped the first time from Friedrichferter Prison Camp, Rastatt, August 5th, and was recaptured August 8th, before getting out of Germany. He es- caped again October 6th, this time from Villingen, and reached Switzerland October 11th, after swim- ming the Rhine a little below the junction of the Aar. While making his escape he was shot at six times, at distances varying in range from ten to fifty yards, and escaped being hit because he ran at the guard who was shooting at him, instead of away from the guard, thus, as he had hoped, confusing the enemy. [409] '■ ^-L^^^PC/^t^^ ■^L.^ CAa s -.z j I MAJOR GENERAL FRANK L. WINN Arrived in France, June 13, 1918, with rank of Brigadier General. Promoted to Major General, October 1, 1918. Commanded 89th Division, July 13, 1918. Born : Kentucky, August 4, 1864. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. As commander of the 177th Infantry Brigade and later of the 89th Divi- sion, he displayed military attainments of a high order and achieved signal successes. In the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne offensives he accompanied the assaulting hattalions and placed them on their objectives, inspiring all by his personal courage and gaining their con- fidence by his exceptional tactical skill and ability as a leader. At all times he was tireless in energy, showing keen judgment and initia- tive in handling difficult situations." G. O. 62 (May 10, 1919). [413] ' r n C6aS£ /"'" / /^■^-y, ,— — *""^S-T' CARL W. DASCH, Private, Headquarters Company, 167th Infantry, 42nd Division. Captain Robert Joerg, Jr., commanding the com- pany of which Dasch was a private, spoke of the boy's distinguished bravery and exceptional devotion to duty in action near Croix Rouge Farm, July 26 to August 1, 1918, in these words: "Private Carl W. Dasch, during this entire period (six days and nights), while attached to the Third Battalion, carried messages between the firing line and Battalion Headquarters, through heavy enemy shell fire. Upon returning from the firing line he would pick up a severely wounded man and carry him through and out of the barrage to a first aid sta- tion. Finally, he was so badly gassed that he could not see, but had to be given a direct order to report to the first aid station. During the whole series of engagements. Private Dasch did not sleep and taxed his physical endurance to the utmost, at all times setting to his comrades an example of utter disregard of danger and exceptional devotion to duty." Distinguished Service Cross. [417] Chat*. ">' g St ^^u i/t/y^- MAJOR GENERAL SAMUEL D. STURGIS Arrived in France, September 10, 1918. Assignments : Commanded 87th Division ; Commanded 80th Division, November 19, 1918. Born: Missouri, August 1, 1861. [ 421 ] J Co* ' 9 ..j £ak ^/. I) , /, COLONEL ARTHUR L. CONGER Arrived in France, May, 1917, with rank of Major. Promotions : Lieutenant Colonel, August 5, 1917 ; Colonel, July 30, 1918. Assignments : Second Section, General Staff, G. H. Q. ; Commanded 56th Brigade. Born: Ohio, January 30, 1872. Distinguished Service Medal. "For exceptionally meritorious and distin- guished services. As a member of the Second Section, General Staff, General Headquar- ters, by his marked professional attainments, his zeal, and his sound judgment he contrib- uted largely to the successful operation of this section. As chief of the Second Section, Gen- eneral Staff, of the 2d Division, during active operations, and later as commander of the 56th Brigade of the 29th Division during the Ar- gonne-Meuse offensive, he demonstrated his great energy and his clear conception of tac- tics." G. O. 59 (May 3, 1919). SENIOR OFFICERS' MESS Army of Occupation : Colonel Alvan C. Read, Inspector General. Lieutenant Colonel Robert G. Peck, Assistant In- spector General. Major Charles H. Rice, Assistant Inspector General. Colonel Irvin L. Hunt, in Charge of Civil Affairs. Lieutenant Colonel Kyle Rucker, Judge Advocate. Lieutenant Colonel Nat. B. Barnwell, Assistant Judge Advocate. Major Roscoe D. Brown, Personnel Officer. [ 475 ] -«\ "-':•;... '"■^ f- - \ I , . ■ * ■ JiVSS'' w : ^fc DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS ■ . ■ "* •K> ■ \\ v \ v