910 m •py 1 £leventb and CiDclftb JInnual Programs 1901-2-3 ..Xourist Club.** Zfi ...IDinncapolis, IDinn... Eleventh and TiDdftb ilnnual Programs j «f the.,.,,. Tourist Club IT)inneapoli$« IDinnesota Tu)o Vears' Tour in The IDediterrancan The Barbarv Coast. Egvpt. and Greece* 1901-2 Italy and Coasts of Trance and Spain, 1902-3 Club IDotto: "Ulhat IDC know i$ the measure ot what lae see/ — Lessing. Organized 1891 IDcmher of IDinn. State federation of Clubs, 1895 IDember of General federation of Clubs, 1896 PROGRAM PREPARED BT MRS. MARTHA C. W^ELLS 2SOO STEVENS AVENTTK ACio'NBAPOi.is. Minn. Copyright, 1901. by Mrs. Martha C. Wells THE UISRARY OF S'.NG.'^tES.S, Twc' Ov-iiES HecEivgy JAN. 24 3S02 COFVHKJMT BITHV (5ct Xi"- /^r» CLASd a- XXa »v, ,. / 8 g ....Officers.... COf' X 1 t\l\A .9 Mrs. Theodore Foque President Mrs. G. E. Young Vice-President Mrs. Chas. Bond Secretary Mrs. H. V. Dougan Treasurer ...Committees... SOCIAL Mrs. C. W. Gardner Mrs. A. G. Bennett Mrs. W. A. Mor.se. FEDERATION Mrs. C. B. Elliot Mrs. E. R. wShepherd Miss H. M. Colclazer PRINTING Mrs. M. C. Wells Miss M. S. Anderson Mrs. A. H. Kenyon CUSTODIAN Mrs. M. C. Wells Delegates to IDinn. State federation, Oct. 15-17 Oiaatonna, n)inn. Mrs. Theo. Foque Mrs. C. B. Elliot Recording} Secretary of 17). T. Ul. C. Mrs. J. C. Buchanan dbaijina'n of Reciprocity Committee of D). ?. iU. C. Mrs. W. O. Fryberger Officers and Committees for 1902-3 ...Calendar.. 1901-2 MONDAYS From October 7th to March 17th, inclusive. Recess— November 25; December 23 and 30. Business and Federation Day— January 6. Annual Meeting— March 24. 1902-3 MONDAYS From October 6th to March 16th, inclusive. Recess— November 24; December 22 and 29. Business and Federation Day— January 5th. Annual Meeting— March 23d. PLACE OF meeting IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 10:00 A. M. gpro^rdm for 1901^2 The Barbary States and Egypt. "Semper aliquid novi ex Africa." /. OCTOBER 7. Prelude — The Mediterranean Sea. 1. Morocco's Capitol, Tangier. 2. The Moors. 3. Algiers. //. OCTOBER 14. 1. Tunis, and Its Bey. 2. Tripoli. 3. A Saharan Caravan and Its Traffic. "What is't ye doV'-M/rde///. EGYPT. "I will now speak at greater length of Egypt, as it contains more wonders than any other land, and is preeminent above all countries in the world for works that one can hardly describe."— Herodo/us. III. OCTOBER 21. 1. Present Day Efrypt (Upper and Lower). Map Study. Delta, Lakes, Plain, Eastern Desert. Divisions. 2. Alexandria, Danietta, Rosetta,. Coast Towns. 3. The Nile. Course. Tributaries. Scenery. a. Old Inundations, Time and Causes. b. Expansion of Productive Egypt by Present Irrigation. IV. OCTOBER 28. "Soldiers, from the summits of these pyramids forty centuries are looking down upon you."— JVafioleott. Suggested Discussion. The Colonial Policy of France. Modes of Transporta- tion. Was the Egyptian Campaign Origin, Design, Aesthetic of the French in 3. The Fayyum, Lake Moeris, Labyrinth, Abydos. (Study Ge- 'IFf-f- hleP rome's Picture of the Pyramid and Sphinx.) "Fascinating Cairo." Pyramids and Sphinx of Gizeh. Merits. V. NOVEMBER 4. Nature Worship the j Memphis. Step Pyramids. Tombs of Abusir, Sakkara. Dak- basis of ^, .,^ Egyptian ^""'^• Religion 2. Royal Mummies. Embalming. Obsequies. 3. Religion. Education. Festivals. Animal Worship. VI. NOVEMBER 11. Is EevDt ^" T^^hcbes and Its Necropolis. capable of 2. Luxor, Karnak, Apis Mausoleum at Saqqara. Self-Govern- ^. Sculpture and Wall Painting. Class of Subjects. Peculiari- ^^^*^ ties. Perspective. National Museum at Bvrlak. NOVEMBER 15. Address— Malta and Paul's Missionary Journey. By courtesy of Mr. David C. Bell. VIII. NOVEMBER 18. 1. Diversity of Races. Fellaheen. 2. Polygamy. Modes of Living. Domestic Architecture. 3. The Khedive and Khedival Family. Government and Dual Protectorate. Study De Neuville's Battle of Tel-el-Kebir. (Library Gallery.) VIII. DECEMBER 2. 1. Philae. Temple of Isis; Edfu : Assuan. 2. Classic Ornamentation from the Egyptian Lotus. 3. Resources of Historical Information : Hieroglyphics, In- scriptions of Obelisks. Papyrus Writing, Rosetta Stone. IX. DECEMBER 9. 1. Pottery, Egyptian Symbols in Art. 2. Egypt with Reference to the Bible. 3. Archeological Research and Its Results. (Study Claude Lorraine's Picture, "Flight into Egypt.") X. DECEMBER 16. How to 1. Story of the Suez Canal, The Gulf, Port Said. know the 2. Byzantine Architecture of Constantinople. San Sophia. nugs. 3. Oriental Rugs. JANUARY 6, 1902. Federation Day. "The mind is like a merchant's ledger; it requires to be continu- ally posted up to the latest date. Even the latest telegram may have upset some venerable theory that has been received as infallible for yesiTs.—Hammerion. "Where each old poetic mountain Inspiration breathed around."— Homer. GREECE. "The isles of Greece: the isles of Greece! Where burning Sappho loved and sung."— Byron. XL JANUARY 13. „„ . What has 1. Greece, Geography and Geology. Political Divisions, Islands. ^J}^^ Greek 2. The Ancient Hellenes and Modern Greeks. toCiviliza- 3. Language and Literary Achievements. tion? XII. JANUARY 20. 1. Mythology, Its Influence on History, Literature and Art. 2. Greek Religion. 3. Position and Influence of Woman. XIII. JANUARY 27. 1. Doric Architecture, Illustrated by the Temples of Minerva at Corinth and Aegina. Temples of Jupiter at Olympia and Neptune at Paestum. b^^^\h^^ 2. The Archaic Period of Greek Sculpture. Influence of 3. A Composite Triad. Greek (a) Wise Men, (b) Muses, (c) Fates, Architecture in the U. S? How have the ''Elgin Marbles" Influenced Modern Art Why was Oratory so Developed among Athenians. XIV. FEBRUARY 3. 1. The Persian Wars, 490-479 B. C, Showing the Supremacy of Athens and Decline of Persia. Famous Leaders and Localities. 2. Delphi of Today. The Oracle. 3. National Resources. Natural. Industrial. XV. FEBRUARY 10. ATHENS. "It was a scene to fill a God with wonder and delight."— /fow^^r. 1. General Description of City and Acropolis, Propylaea. Dipy- lon and Tombs. 2. Parthenon and Its Phidian Sculpture. 3. Ionic Architecture at Athens in the Temple of Theseus. Nike Apteros. Erectheum. Temple of Apollo at Bassae. Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus. (Study casts in Library from Elgin Marbles.) XVI. FEBRUARY^ 17. "The workmanship surpasses the material."— Or/zrf. 1. The Museum, Attic Pottery and Vases. 2. Sculpture, Scopas, Praxiteles, Lysippas. 3. Corinthian Architecture — Athens ; Tower of Winds ; Temple of Jupiter ; Monument of Lysicrates. (Study Raphael's School of Athens.) XVII. FEBRUARY 24. 1. Panoramic Views Around Athens: Daphne, Phyle, Parneo, Pentelicos, etc. 2. Corinth and Vicinity. 3. The Attic Stage and Theaters. XVIII. MARCH 3. " * * * and all Olympus trembled at his no6.."—Hovier. "When Greek meets Greek." 1. Sparta, Rival of Athens, Modern City. 2. Greek Festivals, Recent Revival of Olympic Games. 3. Government ; European Intervention. XIX. MARCH 10. "Say from what city, from what regions tossed. And what inhabitants those regions boast." — Odyssey. Book viii. 1. Story of the Iliad. The Historic Aim. 2. The Odyssey ; Homeric Landmarks. 3. Results of Dr. Schliemann's Excavations at Mycenae and Tiryns. XX. MARCH 27. 1. Sculptors of Pergamos and Rhodes. Distinction between An- cient Originals and Ancient Copies. 2. Archeological Research of Different Nations. 3. Corfu. Ithaca. ANNUAL MEETING— MARCH 24. "And now I close my work."— Oz/zof. (program for 1902^3 The Rise and Spread of Chris- tianity. Military i. System of ^ Italy. 2. 3. How do Italian and i. German 2. Music Compare? ^' ITALY. "Fair Italy! Thou art the garden of the world."— Byron. I. OCTOBER 6, 1902. Italy. Map Study ; Coast Scenery. The Making of Italy; Dynasty and Constitution. The People, Traits and Customs. Peasants, Real and Ideal. //. OCTOBER 13. The Unification of Italy. The Royal Family. Strength and Weakness of Romanism, and Its Relation to New Italy. ///. OCTOBER 20. Early Christian Architecture of the Catacombs and Sarco- phagi. Symbolism in Christian Art. Early Christian Emperors. IV. OCTOBER 27. Italian Language and Literature. Lake Scenery, Mountain Passes and Railways. Famous Battlefields. French Conquests. V. NOVEMBER 3. Early Romanesque Architecture. Latin and Basilicas ; Early Churches at Rome. Baptistries of Florence and Pisa. Byzantine Style, St. Marks, Venice. History of Mosaics, VI. NOVEMBER 10. Genoa. Leonardo de Vinci. Paul Veronese. Nineteenth Century Italian Musicians. 10 VII. NOVEMBER 17. Education and Universities. Assisi. St. Francis in Literature and Art. Agriculture. VIII. DECEMBER 1. Gothic Architecture of Typical Cathedrals. Siena, Florence, Orvieto, Milan. Parma, Correggio. Perugino. The Etruscans ; Their Civilization. IX. DECEMBER 8. 1. Florence. Description. 2. The Churches. 3. Pitti and Uffizzi Galleries. What is Italy doing for Indus- trial Edu- cation? How does Italian GOTHIC Differ from that of other Countries? X. DECEMBER 15. 1. In Florence with Romola. 2. Medician Rule and Rulers. 3. Dante ; How He Reflected His Age. JANUARY 5 Federation Day. "To every thing there is a season : and a time to every purpose under hcaxen. —Solomon. XI. JANUARY 12. Michael Angelo. Raphael. The Robbia. XII. JANUARY 19. Venice : Plan, Islands, Bridges, Canals and Palaces. Venetian Renaissance. The Churches. Doge's Palace. brary of St. Mark's. Piazza. Academy of Fine Arts. Titian, Tintoretto, Bellini. 11 Comparison of Artists. Li- Shall there be a new i- Decision of 2. Master ^ Pieces? Have the Alliances Strength- ened Italy Politically? How Rome Became Ruins. 2. 3- 4- XIII. JANUARY 26. Venetian Glass-Making. Lace Making: Its Revival at Bnrano. The Ten World Paintings. XIV. FEBRUARY 2. ROME. 'Flow, old Tiber, through a marble wilderness."— CAz'/ofi? Harold. A Day in Ancient Rome : Triumphal Processions. Festivals, Combats, etc. Rome of Today. Description, Plan, Fountains, Squares, Castle. Present Italian Politics. XV. FEBRUARY 9. The Romans as Builders. Aqueducts, Roads, Bridges. Baths : Their Influence on the Moral and Political Issues of the Times. Triumphal Arches, Columns, Monuments, Tombs. The Fora. Colisseum. The Pantheon. Compare with Others. XVI. FEBRUARY 16. Architec- ^- P^^^ces. ture. 2. Vatican. 3. St. Peters. Roman Renaissance. XVII. FEBRUARY 23. 1. Naples. 2. The Bay, and Its Attractions. 3. Art Discoveries at Pompeii. XVIII. MARCH 2. 1. Sicily. Palermo. Messina. 2. Syracuse. Greek Temples in Sicily. 3. Sardinia. 12 XIX. MARCH 9. 1. Corsica. Elba. 2. The Riviera, Italian and French. 3. Marseilles. Glimpses of Southern France. XX. MARCH 16. 1. Saracenic Architecture in Spain. Mosque of Cordova. Al- hambra. 2. Conquest of Granada. 3. The Spanish Coast and Gibraltar. "The toil itself was pleasure. "—Cz/?a?. ANNUAL MEETING-MARCH 23. "Come my friends, 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world. Push off— for my purpose holds To sail beyond the sunset."— Tennyson's Ulysses. 13 EGYPTIAN CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY. NOTK. Biblical reference to Egypt is printed in italics. In the Third Century B. C. Mentho wrote Egyptian history, arranging the Pharaohs or Kings in 31 Dynasties, the time ex- tending from 4000 or 5000 B. C. to 332 B. C, the time of Alexan- der the Great. The Dynasties are divided into three periods, and while authorities differ upon dates, they are approximately as follows : /. OLD EMPIRE B. C, 5000 (?) to B. C. 2100. Dyn. I to XII inclusive. Dyn. I. Menes, the Founder. Memphis, Capital. Necropolis at Sakkara. Tombs of the Sacred Bulls. IV. Three Pyramids of Gizeh Built. Portrait Sculpture. V-XII. The Oldest Obelisks Belong to This Period. Zenith of History. Useful Works. Lake Moeris. Fayyoum Labyrinth. Rock Tombs of Beni Hassan. Capital Changed to Thebes. Bible name No, or No- Avion. Prophecy concerning, see Jer. 46:25, Esek. 30:14, Nah. 3:8. Invasion of Hyksos or Shepherd Kings about 2100. Zoan (Tanis)Cap. Compare Is. 19. Num. 13:22, Ps. 78:12. II. MIDDLE EMPIRE. B. C. 2100-1600. Dyns. XIII-XVII. XIII. Egyptians Enslaved. Government Centralized. Visit of Abraham. Gen. xii, 10. Hebrcivs in Egypt, Gen. 39:1, 46:1-7. B. C. 1885. Joseph in Egypt. Gen. 37, 39. 41. 42. XVTI. Hj'ksos Expelled. Egyptian Supremacy Restored. 14 ///. NEW EMPIRE. B. C. 1600-332. Dyns. XVI 11 -XXXI. XVIII. Theban Aniosis United Upper and Lower Egypt in One Empire. XIX. Egyptian Conquest in Western Asia. Great Prosperity. Temple of Karnak. Luxor, Abydos, Palaces, Obelisks. Seti I. War with Hittites. Gen. 26-34. XXI. Rameses II, the Great, Most Celebrated of Egyptian Kings. Oppression of Hcbrczvs.. .Ex. 1:8. i6th C . Built Many Temples, and Canal between Nile and Red B. C. Sea. Moses. Ex. 2:5. These Pharaohs were buried in the Necropolis of Thebes. 15th Century B. C. The Exodus of the Hebrews. Ex. 14:15. XXVI. Egypt open to foreign commerce. Greek Philosophies in Egypt. Persian Invasion under Cambyses. Egypt Conquered. Prophecy Eak. 30:10-20. Jer. 43:7-13; 46:1-24. From 663-332 B. C. Decline and Fall of the Empire. XXVII. Temporary Prosperity. Syria Taken. Josiah, King of Jitdah, Yields. XXXI. Conquest of Alexander 2,22 B. C. IV. LATER EGYPT. Successively Persian, Macedonian. Greek or Ptolemaic, Rom- an, B. C. B. C. 4. Flight of Holy Family into Egypt. Matt. 2:13-22. A. D. 640. Mahommedan from this time to the Present. 1517. Turkish Conquest. 1798. French Occupancy. Battles of Pyramids and Nile. 1801. English Occupany. Battles of Alexandria. 1805. Mahommed AH I Founds His Dynasty. 1831-3. War with Porte. Syria Gained; Lost, '41. 1863. Ismail Khedive. Public Works ; Corresponding Debt. 15 1869. Suez Canal Opened. 1879-92. Tewfik Khedive; Dual Protectorate of England and France. Gen'l Gordon at Khartoum. Tewfik Exiled for Life to Ceylon, d. '92. 1884. Sir Garnet Wolesley at battle of Tel-el-Kebir. 1892. Abbas Helmy II (born 1874) Khedive. 1901. Building Nile Irrigation Dam. Uprising of Native Der- vishers. 16 GREEK ARCHITECTURE. "The marble piles repel the waste of rolling ages."— Thomson. Simplicity, unity, harmony are the three characteristic fea- tures. A Greek temple rose from a platform of many steps, and with surrounding walls and colonade was a shrine for a statue, the ground plan, a parallelogram. The term order in classic architecture is used to designate an entire column or pillar with the entablature. The distinguish- ing features by which the whole order is recognized is the capital of the column. The Three Orders of Greek Architecture are : /. DORIC. 650-270 B. C. Oldest severe. Column, witlwut base, generally fluted. Capital, Entablature, Archotrave. Frieze : Triglyphs, Metopes. Cornice. //. IONIC, 600-338 B. C. Graceful, Conventional, Sometimes called Attic. Column with base. Shaft taller, more slender. Flutes deep and numerous. Capital : Upper part square tablet, or abacus. Entablature, Frieze : An unbroken series of slabs, often sculp- tured. ///. CORINTHIAN. Most Ornamental. Magnificent Decorations. Column, base and Shaft similar to Ionic. Capital, elaborate, often leaves, flowers, acarthus. The arch was never used by the Greeks. 17 PERIODS OF GREEK SCULPTURE. I. Archaic. Earliest to 490 B. C. Daedalus. Ageladus. Myron. Niobe on Mt. Sipylus. Lyon Gate of Mycenae, Aeginetan Marbles. Reliefs from Selinus. Harpy Tomb. II. Phidian. 490-400 B. C. Phidias. Bronze Statue of Athene. Melos Venus. Marbles of Parthenon (Elgin Marbles). Zeus. Sculptures of Erectheium. Temples of Thesus. Nike Ap- teros. III. 400-320 B. C. Scopus : Bacchante, Apollo, Niobe Group. Praxiteles: Mercury, Cupid, Apollo, Cuidian Aphrodite. Monument of Lysicrates, Mausoleum of Halicarnassus. Lysippas: Hermes, Mars. Bronze Fauns. IV. Sculptors of Pergamos and Rhodes, 320-150 B. C. Laoccoon, Farnese Bull. Apollo Belvedere (Louvre). Wrestlers, Samothrace Nike. Artemis. From 150 B. C. to 312 A. D. The Greco-Roman and Roman works showed decline, and had no original school. The art col- lections from spoils and those in many museums are largely an- cient copies. CASTS OF ANTIQUE SCULPTURE. The collection of casts of Antique Sculpture in the Minne- apolis Public Library was purchased by the Minnesota Indus- trial Exposition in 1886. They were selected for the New York Metropolitan Museum by the director, Gen'l di Cesnola, with the assistance of experts from the British Museum, London, but ow- ing to unavailable space, were sold to the Exposition Association at a cost of nearly $13,000. They comprise 150 casts of the most famous sculptures of ancient Assyria, Greece and Rome, from government moulding altiers. The most famous are taken from the Elgin Marbles, removed from the Parthenon at Athens by Lord Elgin and sold in 1816 to the British government 18 The casts represent ornamentation of the Parthenon, which embraced three classes of sculpture : (i) The independent statutes of the pediments resting on the broad base of the cornice. Left, birth of Minerva. Right, Neptune and Minerva contending for Attica. (2) Sculptured Metopes (4 of the 92 originally) of Peristyle, Combats of Hercules and Theseus. (3) The Frieze of Phidias on the cella or inner temple, in low relief. The slabs were three and a half feet high. Also 38 of the pieces represent the Panathenaic Procession, a fete in honor of Minerva. Phigalian Frieze, four pieces (Br. Mu.) from Phigalia, on coast of Peloponnessus, by architect of Parthenon, Sictinius. Mausoleum Frieze (8) of Hallicarnassus. Priene Frieze (7) Temple of Athene at Priene. Asia Min. Narrow Frieze, Temple of Victory. Bacchus Visiting Icaria (Br. Mu.) Pieces from Erectheum (2), Athens. Lyons of Cyrene. Archaic Nike and Nike of Painios. Inscription. Among the Statues represented are : Venus de Milo (Louvre), discovered 1820, Island of Melos. Hermes and Dionysos (Athens), Praxiteles. Apoxyomenos (Vatican), original bronze. Lysippus. Discobulus (Br. Mu.), Myron. Eros (Cupid) Vatican, Praxitiles. Laoccoon Group, Vatican, most famous of Rhodian school, discovered in Rome 1506. Psyche (Naples), from amphitheatre at Capua. Apollo Belvedere, Vatican (discovered i6th century), Antium. Niobe (Vatican). Apotheosis of Homer (Br. Mu.), found 17th century on Ap- pian Way. Alcaeus and Sappho (Athens), famous literary woman of Mytilene. Boy with Goose (Vatican), found on Appian Way, 1789. Harpy Tomb (Br. Mu.), from Xanthus, 6th or 7th century B. C. Ilissus (Br. Mu.), personified as river near Athens, from Parthenon. 19 OUTLINE OF ITALIAN ART, Architecture. The Romans combined the trabeated (beamed) and columnar Grecian style with the arch, vault and dome, which they probably borrowed from the Etruscans, who were famous builders. Greek buildings were impressive from beauty, Roman from magnificent proportions. The Greek roofing could cover but small dimen- sions, and large auditoriums were uncovered, while the Roman produced vast structural designs, which still form models for similar buildings. Rome, after Athens is the richest store of classic architectural antiquities in the world, representing thea- ters, baths, aqueducts, roads, triumphal arches, and wherever Roman conquest led, its architecture has been of note and per- manent, the whole presenting impressively an jdea of her civiliza- tion. The three orders of Italian Architecture are : /. ROMANESQUE. The eleventh century saw its perfection in Italy. Chief structural feature, the round arch. Subdivision 1. Early Christian Architecture. (a) The burial tombs and small vaulted chapels of the Cata- combs. A few modest wall paintings show the first traces of Christian art. Earliest dated Christian sarcophagus. Junius Bassus, 359 A. D. (b) Roman civil basilica adapted to Christian worship. Ground plan Latin Cross. Mosaic decorations at Ravenna, e. g., Rome St. John Lateran, Santa Maria Maggiore, San Paolo, San Lorenzo, Santa Agnese. (c) Circular or polygonal buildings for baptistries or fun- erals, e. g., Rome, Santa Costanza. Baptistries at Florence and Pisa. 2. Byzantine Architecture. The dome the grand feature. St. Sophia most perfect exam- ple. St. Marks (Venice the copy.) A drum supports the dome in the Neo-Byzantine style. 20 3. Saracenic. Chief features : Hall for prayer, court, mineret, horseshoe arches, scalloped arches, filigree ornament, e. g.. Mosque of Cor- dova, Alhambra at Grenada. 4. Late Romanesque. Characteristics : Substitution of piers for columns. Twin towers, slayed portals, sculptured ornaments, e. g., Florence, Church of San Miniato, Cathedrals of Parma and Pisa.. //. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. Chief feature : Pointed arch instead of semi-circular. Most of the buildings in Western Europe, from the first crusade to the 15th century, are in this style. The evolution of the pointed arch from the round began in France in 12th century. Typical cathedrals in Italy, Siena, Florence, Orvieto, Milan. Italian Gothic always maintained a foreign element and not a leading system. Tendency to breadth, rather than height. The tower, or campenile, is detached. The ornamentation is elaborate and a rich effects is produced by many colored marbles. ///. RENAISSANCE. Fifteenth or sixteenth centuries. The peculiarities of the Ro- manesque architecture were reviyed and the decorations copied from the three classic orders of the Greeks. The period of new birth in science, art, literature, government and civilization, was reflected in Italian cities. Local conditions produced three schools : The Florentine, Roman and Venetian. 1. Florence, long cradle of art, produced the Renaissance, her master architects and buildings were: Brunelleschi (1377-1446) Church of San Lorenzo, Dome of Cathedral, Fl. ; Pitti Palace, Chapel of Pazzi. Alberti (1404- 1472), Palazzo Ruccalai, Vecchio, Church of Santa Croce. 2. Roman. Closer imitation of classic models ; free use of pilasters and arcades. Architects : 21 Bramante (1450-1514), St. Peters, Cancellaria Palace. Michael Angelo (1475-1564), St. Peters, Belvedere Court and Court of Loggia, Vatican. Peruzzi, Farnese Villa. Bernini. St. Peters (120 years in building.) 3. Venetian. Most ornate of the three schools; light, grace- ful. Chief architect, Sansovino. Buildings, Doge's Palace, Li- brary of St. Mark's, Churches of San. G. Maggiore and St. M. della Salute. SCULPTURE. The period succeeding the fall of the Roman Empire wit- nessed the injury or destruction of many of the beautiful antique art works. In the I2tli century sculpture revived as an accessory to archi- tecture. The 13th century began individual style. The leader, Nicolo Pisano, architect, and sculptor, and his sons. The isth century, transition from Gothic to Renaissance, was the golden age of sculpture. Artists : Ghiberti. Bronze doors of Baptistry at Florence. Donatello. Dramatic reliefs, altar at Padua. The Robbia. Terra cotta sculptors. Verrocchio. Equestrian, bronze statue of Coleoni. Da Vinci. Equestrian, Statue for Sforza. Michael Angelo. Grand, severe ; greatest genius, sculptor, architect, painter. See Grimm's Life of Michael Angelo. Raphael. Statue of Elijah; Jonah. Cellini. Metal worker. John Bologna. Bronze figures. Bernini. New seventeenth century school ; exaggerated ; dra- matic. Canova (1757-1822), revival of Greek art. L.ofC.^ 22 PAINTING. The early Christian painting was entirely symbolical, the idea was hidden to protect from desecration. Classic story also illus- trated Bible truth. Religion and decoration were the motives, as seen in the Catacomb panels, mosaics, sculptures, ivories and glass. The Byzantine type showed gold backgrounds, rigid, con- ventional forms, long straight lines of drapery. Mosaics in St. Mark's, Venice. Before the 15th century the founder of modern art, Cimabue, used the Byzantine style. Giotto freed himself from these conventionalities. He occu- pies the place in painting which Dante does in poetry. Orcagua improved in color, perspective and form with the intellectual activity and scientific progress of the 15th century, and the great development of the i6th. The Italian masters are classified into schools, as follows. 1. Sienna. Delicate ornamentation, rich color, glory not permanent. Guido de Sienna, Memmi, Taddeo, Lorenzetti, Sodoma (about 1549) frescoes. 2. Pisa. Brief duration. Pisano. 3. Parma. Graceful. Correggio, Allegri, Anselmi. 4. Venice. Brilliant color. Many artists of unusual excellence. The Bellini, Carpaccio, Giorgione, Titian, Palma Vecchio, Piombo, Moretto, Tintoretto, Veronese, Lotto. 5. Milan or Lombard. Leonardo da Vinci. Caravaggio. Salvator Rosa. 6. Florence or Tuscan, Cimabue, Giotto, Orcagna, Fra Angelico, Massacio, Lippi, Gozzoli, Mantegna, Botticelli, Ghirlandajo, di Credi, Fra Bartolomeo, Albertinelli, Michael Angelo, del Sarto, Vasari, Allori. Carlo Dolci, Salviati. This school contains more eminent painters than any other. Only the most important are named. They are frequently classed in subordinate groups, as Idealists, Realists. 7. Roman. Raphael and his pupils. 8. Bologna. Carracci, Domenichino, Rien, Albani. 9. Nineteenth Century Painting in Italy. Little originality. Morelli, Michetti, Favretto, Tito, Segantini, Boldini. See Scrib. Mag., Dec. 1890, Feb. '91. 24 BIBLIOGRAPHY. "There is no frigate like a book To take ub lands away." EGYPT AND BARBARY STATES. Note. A number of these books in each list apply to all three countries. History of Egypt Petrie History of Ancient Egypt, 2 vols Rawlinson Egypt As It Is McCoan Egypt (Maps) S. L. Poole Present Day Egypt Penfield Descriptien De L'Egyptc By direction of Napoleon Historic L'Art Egyptienne (D'Anvers), Direction of Beaux Arts. Egypt, Land of Temple Builders W. S. Perry Souvenir of Egypt (Ills., no text) Duras Baedeker's Egypt 2 vols Murray's Handbook of Egypt Egypt Ebers Afloat and Ashore on Mediterranean Meriwether Edge of the Orient (see Saxor and Assvan) Russell Rulers of the Mediterranean Davis Glimpses of the Orient Bottome With Yacht. Camera and Cycle in the Med Craven A Reading Journey in the Orient, Chat. Mag. Nov. 1900-July 1901 Classic Ornamentation from Egyptian Lotus, Architectural Rec- ord, Oct. '93-April '94. Uarda, and Egyptian Princess Ebers A Thousand Miles up the Nile Edwards The Religion of Ancient Egypt Renouf England in Egypt (Tel-el-Kebir '82) Milaer Royal Mummies Cent., May, '87 Writing Material of Antiquity Cosmop., Nov., 'g^ A Saharan Caravan Cent., May, '87 From Spanish Light to Moorish Shadow Scrib., Feb., '93 25 Egyptian Decorative Art Petrie Grammar of the Lotus Goodyear Tunis and Its Bey Cent., April, 1882 Tunis Hesse- Wartegg Tangiers ( Moors) Constant The Hittites Campbell Egypt Exploration Fund (16 Memories) Series History of Art in Ancient Egypt Perrot and Chipiez Egyptian Archaeology Maspero Monuments de L'Egypte, (4 vols.) Champollion Views of the Nile, with Historic Notes Jones and Goury Denkmaeler and Aegypten und Aethiopien Lepsius Pharaohs, Fellahs and Explorers Edwards GREECE. "Let us thank God for book.s."— Taj. Free7nan Clarke. Histories of Greece Oman, Myers, Joy, Smith, Grote Reseaches in Greece, and Topography of Leake Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities Smith Baedeker and Murray's Guide Books A Walk in Hellas Snider Greek Pictures Mahaffy New Greece (with map) Sergeant Greek View of Life Dickinson Athens and Attica Wordsworth Mycenae, also Troy Schliemann The Mycenean Age Tsountas and Manatt Greece in the Times of Homer Timayenis Landmarks of Homeric Study W. E. Gladstone Homeric Synchronims W. E. Gladstone Introduction to Homer Jebb Art and Humanity in Homer Lawton The Customs and Lore of Modern Greece Rodd The Greeks of Today Tuckerman Greece under King George Bickford-Smith Influence of Greece Architecture. .U. S. Chat., Oct. to May, '92-3 Greek Women in Modern Literature Chat., June, 1901 26 History of Art (2 vols.) Lubke History of Architecture Fergusson Discovery of Greek Statues Indp.. Feb. 28, March 28, '01 Oriental and Early Greek Sculpture Cent., Jan., '82 Praxiteles, The Age of Cent., April, '82 The Old Olympic Games Cent., April, '96 Recent Discoveries of School of Athens Cent., June, '96 Harper's Classical Library Translation of Iliad and Odyssey Troy Benjamin Lectures on Socrates and Phidias Lord A Short History of Art De Forest Manuel of Greek Archeology Collignon Antiquities of Athens Stuart and Revett Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture Fermaugler History of Ancient Greek Sculpture Michel Greek and Roman Sculpture Perry Greek Sculpture with Song and Story Wherry ITALY. "A scholar has noenniii."—jRick/er. History of Italy Gibbon Baedeker's Guide Murray's Handbook Lectures Stoddard Rome Wey Walks in Rome ; (Cities of No. and Cent. It.) Hare Italian Cities Blashfields Italian Pictures Manning Italy of Today Bazin Italy and the Italians Taylor History of Italian Unity Bolton King Italy in the Nineteenth Century Latimer History of the Eastern Church Stanley Rome, Pagan and Papal Brock Six Months in Italy Hiliard Italian Journeys Howells Articles on Catacombs, Crypts McClintock and Strong A Day in Ancient Rome Shumway 27 Private Life of Romans Preston The Country of Horace and Virgil Havelock Fisher In Southern Italy Mouhon Rock Cut Villages of the Riviera Scott History of Italian Literature Garnett Dante and His Circle Rosetti Masters of Italian Music Streatfield Modern Mosaics Arch. Rec, April, '94 German and Italian Music Compared Indp., May 30, 1901 Lace Making Miss Palliser Revival of Burano Lace Cent., Jan., "82 Sacred and Legendary Art Jameson History of Art, Lubke, Fergusson, Kugler, Goodyear, Dc Forest D'Anvers, etc. Italian Politics Forum, May, igoi Old Rome and New Italy Castelar Aqueducts of Rome Parker Rome as It Is Scott Rome and the Campagna R. Boon Rome of Today and Yesterday Dennie Michael Angelo Grimm Raphael Crowe and Cavalcaselle Pompeiana Gell and Gandj' Venice (also Hare) Cent., Nov., '82 Genoa (Portfolio of Palace Arch of Rhinehart) Johnson Florence Cent., Oct.. '83 ; April, '85 Lily of Arno Johnson Italy Trollope Cities and Cemeteries of Etruice Dennie Great Artist Series Robbia, Donatello, etc., etc. Painters of Florence Cartwright Florence C. P. Pitman Paintings in Florence (Diagrams of Galleries) Karly Romola Eliot Schools and Masters of Sculpture Radcliffe A Tour in Sicily (Greek Temples) Scrib., July, 1901 Pompeii (3 vols.) Le Case 28 /Ipplication for membership. / hereby propose for Active Membership in the Tourist's Club the name of Address _ Signed _ Indorsed Indorsed Date J&-.£^..l90fi. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 021 947 905