Qass C20T 
 BookJU^WoB 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 
 
A mum CENmiAL fOLOlE 
 
 General La Fayette 
 
 IN VIRGINIA, 
 
 In 1824 and '25. 
 
 AN ACCOUNT OF HIS TRIUMPHANT PROGRESS 
 THROUGH THE STATE. 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 II.OBEB.T JD. y^ARJD, 
 
 RICHMOND, VA. 
 
 [Copyright secured according ro law. 
 
 West, Johnston & Co., 
 
 RICHMOND, VA. 
 
 1881. 
 
AN ACCOUNT 
 
 OF 
 
 IN THE YEARS 1824-25, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 FULL CIRCUMSTANTIAL REPORTS 
 
 RECEPTIONS IN WASHINGTON, ALEXANDRIA, MOUNT VERNON, YORKTOWN, 
 WILLIAMSBURG, NORFOLK, RICHMOND, PETERSBURG, GOOCHLAND, 
 FLUVANNA, MONTICELLO, CHARLOTTESVILLE, GORDONS V ILLE, 
 ORANGE COURT-HOUSE, FREDERICKSBURG, LEESBURG, 
 UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, CULPEPER, FAU- 
 QUIER, AND HIS DEPARTURE FROM 
 THE UNITED STATES, 
 WITH A 
 
 PORTRAIT OF GENERAL LA FAYETTE, 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHED FROM HIS BUST, BY HOUDON, IN THE CAPITOL OF 
 
 VIRGINIA; COMPILED FROM THE NEWSPAPERS OF THE 
 
 PERIOD AND OTHER SOURCES, 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 BY V 
 
 ROBERT D. WARD, 
 
 RICHMOND. 
 
 West, Johnston & Co., 
 
 RICHMOND, VA. 
 1881. 
 
 rr 
 

INTRODUCTION 
 
 This volume contains an interesting account of the visit of 
 General La Fayette to Virginia in 1824 and 1825. In it, will be 
 found full reports of his triumphant progress, and of the recep- 
 tions and honors bestowed upon him by the people, wherever he 
 went. They were written by persons who were present on the 
 respective occasions, the ceremonies of which they record. 
 
 It may be confidently affirmed, that those who read these ac- 
 counts, will be pleased and instructed. Never before, perhaps, 
 has there occurred such a combination of circumstances to invest 
 with interest, the visit of a person so well calculated to arouse the 
 deepest emotions of the people, and to make them feel and 
 express their profound gratitude and affection, for one who had 
 assisted so effectively in gaining the independence of their coun- 
 try, and was so worthy of all honor and admiration. 
 
 Never before has it been the good fortune of such a man as 
 General La Fayette to revisit, after so long an absence, the scenes 
 where in his early life he had gained immortal glory and renown. 
 His is a unique character in history. Washington alone excepted, 
 the American people have never bestowed on any other man so 
 much of their esteem, admiration, and love. All throughout 
 the United States in 1824 and 1825, the people met General 
 La Fayette in a manner which expressed these sentiments 
 towards him ; but nowhere were they exhibited in a higher de- 
 gree than in Virginia. 
 
 Upon her soil it was, that he had the chief command during 
 the darkest days of the revolution ; under him had served the 
 Virginia soldiers of the war ; here he had defended our capital 
 
4 Introduction. 
 
 city, when it was endangered by the troops of the traitor Arnold 
 and Tarleton ; and here he had largely contributed to the sur- 
 render of Cornwallis at Yorktown, and thus finished the war. No 
 wonder, then, since he had won and deserved the gratitude and 
 love of Virginians, that in his visit to our state, as these pages 
 show, the people should have received him with the most enthu- 
 siastic devotion. 
 
 His reunion with his old, surviving comrades, after a separa- 
 tion of more than forty years, on the fields of their success, pos- 
 sesses so much of romance that the story of it will arouse in us, 
 their descendants, emotions of the liveliest interest. No patriotic 
 man can read of the meeting between La Fayette and Thomas 
 Jefferson at Monticello, nor of the scenes at the University — 
 where Mr. Jefferson made, perhaps, the last speech of his life, in 
 which, when on the verge of the grave, he uttered expressions of 
 his undying love of his country and his parting prayer for its per- 
 petual union and prosperity, (nor of many other touching inci- 
 dents narrated in this volume) — and reflect upon the thoughts 
 and emotions which must have swelled their hearts and minds, 
 without being stirred up in the deepest recesses of his nature, 
 wit.. — ving his patriotism increased, without being necessi- 
 tated to put a restraint upon his feelings to repress tears of sym- 
 pathy at the recital. 
 
 I have preferred to give this narrative of the General's progres.<> 
 through Virginia, in the language of those who participated in 
 it, and were inspired by all the enthusiasm and fervor which the 
 scenes they have described naturally elicited. It is a much better 
 picture than I could have drawn, had I attempted to construct out 
 of their materials, a narrative of my own. It is written by men 
 whose souls were overflowing with love and gratitude for the 
 hero of their worship, and it is the embodiment of the thoughts 
 and patriotic sentiments of some of the greatest men, whose 
 lives have benefited mankind and whose fame is immortal. I 
 
Introduction. 6 
 
 claim no credit for the compilation of this volume. The gath- 
 ering the materials and grouping them together in this form, 
 was a "labor of love" to me. I felt that it would be doing 
 my countrymen a service, in this centennial year, when the 
 eyes of the nation will be turned upon Yorktown, to give 
 them any information that would enhance their interest in 
 the great celebration, when, on the soil of Virginia, this gen- 
 eration of Americans will assemble to commemorate the pat- 
 riotic deeds of their forefathers. I present it to them, and 
 especially to Virginians, as my tribute to the centennial cel- 
 ebration, with the hope that it will soften their hearts, strengthen 
 their patriotism, and tend to produce a sincere desire for recon- 
 ciliation among all sections of our country, whose independence, 
 Washington, La Fayette and their brave soldiers achieved. 
 
 R. D. WARD. 
 
^ikjoi'-G^eiief kl I^k S^kyette. 
 
 HIS SERVICES FOR AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. 
 
 La Fayette is at last among us. Virginia is about pouring fortli 
 her fervent feelings to her generous benefactor. Other states may 
 excel us in splendor. We cannot vie with them in this respect. To 
 excel them is impossible; for who can "guild refined gold or add 
 perfume to the violet?" Even to equal them is not within our power. 
 We want the treasures of wealth, the embellishments of the arts. But 
 in a warm welcome we will yield to no other state. "What is ours is 
 his ; what we give, we give with all our heart, and all our mind, and 
 all our soul." What they want in external exhibitions the Virginians 
 will make up in the fullness of their feelings. 
 
 Fortunate man ! What a combination of circumstances has been 
 created to crown him with honors! In what other person, in ancient 
 or modern times, do so many circumstances concur ! More than forty 
 years ago he allied himself to the wonderful destinies of this young and 
 struggling people. Nothing could withhold his arm or paralyze his 
 wishes. Rank, wealth, beauty, wedded love — all wooed him in vain. 
 In vain, did the remonstrances of his friends oppose his wishes. In 
 vain, were their kind representations of the low and desperate state of 
 our fortunes by our commissioners at Paris addressed to his generous 
 spirit. In vain, did his court attempt to seize his person and arrest his 
 departure. He broke through every obstacle, he despised every dan- 
 ger. He flew to our shores. He threw himself into our arms. He 
 devoted person, purse, influence, everything he could command, to the 
 cause of liberty in a distant hemisphere. He shed his blood freely at 
 Brandywine. He flew to Virginia, and with means far inferior to his 
 boasted opponent, the "boy" bearded Cornwallis, and Tarleton, and 
 Arnold — supplying the defect of troops by the celerity of his move- 
 ments; uniting the vigor of youth with the sagacity of the mostexperi- 
 
10 General La Fayette's 
 
 addressed the General thus : You are aware from my last letter how 
 much 1 desired to have you in my house, along with your two com- 
 panions, during your stay in this city : but I am obliged to renounce 
 this pleasure. The people of Washington claim you : they say that as 
 the nation's guest, none but the nation has the right to lodge you. I 
 must yield to the public will; and the municipality have prepared a 
 hotel, provided a carriage, and, in short, anticipated all your wants. 
 You must accept their invitation, but I hope this will not hinder you 
 from considering my house as your own ; you will always find your 
 places ready at my table, and I wish, whenever you have no engage- 
 ment with the citizens, that you will dine with me. This evening the 
 municipality expect you at a public banquet ; to-morrow you will be 
 present at a grand dinner which I give to the principal officers of 
 government, but once these ceremonies are concluded, I will do every- 
 thing I can that you may be, as frequently as possible, a part of my 
 family. 
 
 "This invitation was so cordial and pressing that General La Fayette 
 frankly accepted it, and returned our united thanks." 
 
 DEPARTURE FROM WASHINGTON AND RECEPTION IN ALEXANDRIA. 
 
 On Saturday, the i6th of October, 1824, the General and suite left 
 Washington, and crossed the Potomac on a wooden bridge nearly a 
 mile long. On the Virginia side, he was welcomed to the " Ancient 
 Dominion" by Jacob Morgan, Esq., one of the marshals of the day, 
 by whom, with John Wheelright, Esq., another marshal, he was con- 
 ducted a short distance, when he was addressed by General Walter 
 Jones before a large concourse of spectators. General La Fayette, 
 under a handsome salute from Capt. Williams's artillery, entered a 
 superb open coach, drawn by four elegant grays, with postilions to 
 each, neatly dressed in white and blue sashes round the waist, and 
 tasteful caps, and, preceded by the committees of the Alexandria and 
 Washington Councils, was conducted by a corps of Washington cav- 
 alry, under Capt. Andrews, and the Alexandria civic escort within a 
 short distance of the corporation line, where the militia, consisting of 
 the different volunteer companies of Washington and Georgetown, 
 elegantly uniformed, and the volunteer companies of the town, were 
 drawn up in line. When he arrived opposite the centre of the column, 
 he alighted from his carriage and approached within a short distance, 
 when he was saluted by it. After this ceremony he returned to his 
 carriage, when the troops wheeled into open column and conmienced 
 their march to town, the procession moving in the following order : 
 
Visit to Virginia. 11 
 
 Capt. Andrews's troop of Washington cavalry in front, followed by 
 about 2,000 troops on foot; the Committee of Arrangements in car- 
 riages, the marshal and his aids, the carriage in which were General 
 La Fayette and General Walter Jones, General Jones's suite, and a 
 number of officers of the army and navy, and many from the State of 
 Virginia; next, a carriage in which was seated G. W. La Fafayette 
 and G. W. P. Custis ; then came a cart bearing the tent of Washing- 
 ton, which was handsomely decorated with evergreens and surmounted 
 with the national banner. The procession was flanked on either side 
 by the civic escort, consisting of more than 100 gentlemen, hand- 
 somely mounted, vi^ith blue sashes, cockades and badges. The proces- 
 sion thus formed proceeded through the principal streets, and on 
 Washington street there was erected a superb arch, where it halted 
 and formed a line, commencing on Washington and extending to the 
 corner of King street, down King to the corner of Royall street. 
 The General and suite passed down the line to Royall street, and 
 immediately upon his turning into it, a most interesting scene was pre- 
 sented. A very large number of male and female children from five 
 to twelve years of age, the girls clad in white, wearing blue sashes 
 and La Fayette badges ; the boys, neatly dressed with pink-colored 
 sashes and badges, were drawn up in two rows. As soon as he 
 approached, a beautiful little girl, the daughter of Robert J. Taylor, 
 Esq., stepped forward, and in behalf of her brothers and sisters, pre- 
 sented him with a handsome and appropriate address. As soon as she 
 concluded, the General, in an affectionate manner, kissed her. He 
 passed through this assemblage, politely bowing to the children on 
 either side, who strewed his path with flowers, to the reception-room 
 in the City Hall, where he was received by the mayor and the common 
 council, and the mayor delivered to him an appropriate address, to 
 which the General made a neat reply. He was then escorted to the 
 quarters prepared for him at Mrs. Laurason's spacious and elegant 
 brick house, at the southwest corner of Duke and St. Asaph streets. 
 A public dinner was given him in the evening at the tavern, at which, 
 after the regular toasts had been announced and drank, volunteer 
 toasts were offered by the following gentlemen : General La Fayette, 
 the Secretary of State, Commodore Rogers, Commodore Porter, Gen- 
 eral McComb, Colonel Peyton, General Jones, Mr. Custis of Arling- 
 ton, General Smith, Mayor of Washington, Mayor of Alexandria, 
 Colonel C. T. McKenney, V. Maxcey of Maryland, Mr. Morgan, R. 
 J. Taylor, General C. F. Mercer, Thomas Swann, Mr. Wheelright, 
 Mr. Swift, and Colonel Harvie, The company dispersed at an early 
 
12 General La Fayette's 
 
 hour, and the General returned to his quarters, where he held a public 
 levee for the reception of such visitors, as might wish to present their 
 respects to him. There was a general illumination in the town, and 
 the streets from the tavern to the General's quarters were particularly 
 striking by their brilliancy and decorations. 
 
 DEPARTURE FROM ALEXANDRIA AND VISIT TO MOUNT VERNON. 
 
 Mr. Le Vasseur narrates: "On the 17th of October, the Gen- 
 eral and suite embarked in the steamboat Petersburg, in company 
 with Mr. Calhoun, Generals Macomb, Jones, Colonel Roberdeau, 
 Colonel Henderson, General John Mason, Colonel Chas. F. Mercer, 
 Major Mercer, Mr. G. W. P. Custis, Mr. George Hay, George 
 Tucker, Esq., Member of Congress, and a number of other officers 
 and citizens. After a voyage of two hours, the guns of Fort Wash- 
 ington announced, that we were approaching the last abode of the 
 Father of his Country. At this solemn signal, to which the Military 
 band accompanying us responded by plaintive strains, we went on 
 deck, and the venerable soil of Mount Vernon was before us : 
 at this view an involuntary and spontaneous movement made us 
 kneel. We landed in boats, and trod upon the ground so often 
 worn by the feet of Washington. A carriage received General La 
 Fayette, and the other visitors silently ascended the precipitous 
 path, which conducted to the solitary habitation of Mount Vernon. 
 
 " In reentering beneath this hospitable roof, which had sheltered 
 him when the reign of terror tore him violently from his country 
 and family, George La Fayette felt his heart sink within him, at no 
 more finding him whose paternal care had softened his misfortunes, 
 whose example and wise council inspired his youthful mind with 
 those generous sentiments which at present render him an example 
 of good citizenship, a model to parents and husbands, the most* 
 devoted of sons, the most stable of friends. His father again sought 
 with emotion for everything, which reminded him of the companion 
 of his glorious toils. 
 
 " Three nephews of General Washington took La Fayette, his son, 
 and myself, to conduct us to the tomb of their uncle ; our numerous 
 companions remained in the house ; in a few minutes after, the 
 cannon of the fort, thundering anew, announced that La Fayette 
 rendered homage to the ashes of Washington. Simple and modest 
 as he was during life, the tomb of the citizen-hero is scarcely per- 
 ceived amid the sombre cypress by which it is surrounded. A vault 
 slightly elevated and sodded over, a wooden door without inscrip- 
 
Visit to Virginia. 13 
 
 tions, some withered and some green garlands, indicate to the trav- 
 eller who visits this spot, the place where rest in peace, the puissant 
 arms which broke the chains of his country. As we approached, the 
 door was opened ; La Fayette descended alone in the vault, and a 
 few minutes afterwards reappeared, with his eyes overflowing with 
 tears. He took his son and me by the hand, and led us into the 
 tomb, where by a sign he indicated the coffin of his paternal friend, 
 alongside of which was that of his companion in life, united to him 
 forever in the grave. We knelt reverently near his coffin, which we 
 respectfully saluted with our lips ; rising, we threw ourselves into 
 the arms of La Fayette, and mingled our tears with his. 
 
 " In leaving the vault, we were met by the three nephews of Wash- 
 ington ; one of them, Mr. Custis, presented General La Fayette with 
 a gold ring, containing some of the hair of the great man." 
 
 Mr. Custis wore the ring suspended from a Cincinnati ribbon, and 
 on presenting it, he addressed the General as follows: 
 
 " Last of the Generals of the Army of Independence ! — At this 
 awful and impressive moment, when, forgetting the splendor of a 
 triumph greater than Roman consul ever had, you bend with reverence 
 over the grave of Washington, the child of Mount Vernon presents 
 you with this token, containing the hair of him, whom, while living, 
 you loved, and to whose honored grave you now pay the manly and 
 affecting tribute of a patriot's and a soldier's tear. 
 
 " The ring has ever been an emblem of the union of hearts from the 
 earliest ages of the world, and this will unite the affections of all the 
 Americans to the person and the posterity of La Fayette, now and 
 hereafter; and when your descendants of a distant day shall behold 
 this valued relict, it will remind them of the heroic virtues of their 
 illustrious sire, who received it, not in the palaces of princes, or amid 
 the pomp and vanities of life, but at the laurelled grave of Washing- 
 ton. Do you ask. Is this' the mausoleum befitting the ashes of a 
 Marcus Aurelius or the good Antoninus? I tell you that the Father of 
 ' his Country lies buried in the hearts of his countrymen, and in those 
 of the brave, the good, the free, of all ages and nations. Do you seek 
 for the tablets which are to convey his fame to immortality ? They 
 have long been written in the freedom and happiness of his country. 
 These are the monumental trophies of Washington the great, and will 
 endure when the proudest works of art ' have dissolved and left not a 
 wreck behind ! ' Venerable man ! Will you never tire in the cause of 
 freedom and human happiness? Is it not time that you should rest 
 
14 General La Fayette's 
 
 from your generous labors, and repose on the bosom of a country 
 which delights to love and honor you, and will teach her children's 
 children to bless your name and memory? sure where liberty dwells, 
 there must be the country of La Fayette? 
 
 "Our fathers witnessed the dawn of your glory, partook of its me- 
 ridian splendor, and oh ! let their children enjoy the benign radiance 
 of your setting sun, and when it shall sink in the horizon of nature, 
 here, here, with pious duty, we will form your sepulchre, and' united in 
 death as in life, by the side of the great chief, you will rest in peace till 
 the last trump wakes the slumbering world and calls your virtues to 
 their great reward. 
 
 ** The joyous shouts of millions of freemen hailed your returned 
 foot-print on our sands. The arms of millions are opened wide to 
 hug you to their grateful hearts, and the prayers of millions ascend to 
 the throne of Almighty Power, and implore that the choicest blessings 
 of heaven will cheer the latter days of La Fayette." 
 
 The General having received the ring, pressed it to his bosom, and 
 replied : 
 
 " The feelings which at this awful moment oppress my heart do not 
 leave me the power of utterance. I can only thank you, my dear 
 Custis, for your precious gift, and pay a silent homage to the tomb of 
 the greatest and best of men, my paternal friend." 
 
 "We returned to the house, where our companions awaited us. 
 George La Fayette assured us that everything in the house was as he 
 saw it twenty-eight years ago. He found in the place where Wash- 
 ington himself had left it the principal key of the Bastile, which was 
 sent him by La Fayette, at the time this monument of despotism 
 was destroyed. The note sent with the key is still ca'refully preserved. 
 After resting a few moments we resumed the path leading to the shore. 
 Our march was silent; each of us bore a branch of cypress cut from 
 over the tomb of Washington. We resembled a bereaved family who 
 had entombed a beloved father recently dead. We were already on 
 board our vessel, and the waves had borne us afar, and no one had 
 mterrupted our silent meditation. At last Mount Vernon disappeared 
 behind the high and winding banks of the river; all then grouped 
 themselves on the quarter deck of the steamboat, and listened atten- 
 tively till evening to La Fayette, who talked of Washington. The 
 party arrived at the mouth of York river at 12 o'clock on Monday, 
 and it was a quarter before i when the General set his foot on the 
 beach at Yorktown." 
 
Visit to Virginia. 15 
 
 SKETCH OF THE RECEPTION AT YORK CLASSIC SCENES OF VIRGINIA 
 
 HISTORY — WILLIAMSBURG ARRIVAL OF THE MILITARY — THEIR EN- 
 CAMPMENT, &C. 
 
 We proceed now to give a rapid sketch of the reception at York. 
 The infantry and artillery from Richmond arrived at York on Satur- 
 day ; the Virginia, with the Rangers and citizens, on the next day ; 
 the governor, members of the council, chief justice of the United 
 States, and citizens, reached Williamsburg at lo o'clock on Sunday. 
 The classic scenes of Virginia history on this celebrated spot, contri- 
 buted more to prepare such of the company as were strangers to them, 
 for the visit to the last great scene of the American war. The college 
 reminded them of the great men whom it had sent forth to defend our 
 cause. The beautiful street, which terminates at one end with the 
 college and at the other with the ancient state-house — that interesting 
 building, where the house of burgesses once sat, where the thunder- 
 bolts of our revolution were forged, from which the eloquence of 
 Patrick Henry once electrified the whole nation — the very spot where 
 he stood when he delivered his war-speech — were pointed out. A part 
 of this building only remains, where the chancery court now holds its 
 sessions ; the other wing, where the burgesses deliberated, with the 
 colonnade which connected them, is gone ; and scarce " a wreck re- 
 mains behind them." The old Raleigh Tavern, with the bust of that 
 great man elevated on its front, as a sign of its vocation, alternately the 
 scene of the greatest legislative consultations and of collegiate frolics, 
 could not be viewed without emotion ; much less could the house 
 (built in 1 714, as appears from the inscription on it,) where Gene- 
 ral Washington received the hand of his bride. It is now almost in 
 ruins. The shell of the magazine of powder, which kindled, as it were, 
 the first flames of the Revolution in Virginia, still stands on the main 
 street. Thousands have visited these venerable relics without much 
 sensibility ; but on this occasion it was impossible for any man who 
 now saw them for the first time to behold them without emotion. The 
 company did not reach York till dusk. The procession of carriages 
 and horses was long, and they were met a few miles from York by the 
 Richmond troop of horse, who conducted them to town. 
 
 The accommodations for the Revolutionary officers and other invited 
 guests were excellent. The troops are encamped near a mile to the 
 east of the town in tents — their general at their head — near the ground 
 where the celebrated redoubts stood, so famous in the siege. Some 
 
16 General La Fayette's 
 
 of the general officers have their quarters in the town. General 
 La Fayette, suite, and some few of the guests are to be stationed in the 
 house formerly General Nelson's. Major Griffin's romantic house, 
 immediately on the river bank, is the headquarters of the invited 
 guests A great many citizens from various parts have poured into the 
 town, and are accommodated in houses and tents. Fifteen or twenty 
 soldiers of the Revolution are among the invited guests, who •' shoulder 
 the crutch and show how fields were won." At the headquarters of 
 La Fayette are Colonel Allen M Lane, of Delaware, a distinguished 
 officer of Lee's legion, the father of the member of congress from 
 Delaware ; Colonel Fish, of New York, a brave major under General 
 Hamilton when he stormed the redoubt : and Colonel Huger, whose 
 name carries with it, its own heart-felt encomiums. Commodore Bar- 
 ron accompanied them from Philadelphia. It is refreshing to see such 
 men amid such scenes. They bring us back to those "times which 
 tried men's souls. " 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE SCENE AT YORK — TRIUMPHAL ARCH, OBELISKS, 
 MARQUEE, AND WASHINGTON'S TENT. 
 
 The scene is uncommonly interesting. The village itself, though 
 small, is in respectable trim. The water view is peculiarly fine. It 
 is one large, beautiful stretch of water above and below. The eye 
 takes in several miles above. Nearly opposite to the town is Glouces- 
 ter town, to which Cornwallis, when pressed by the siege, in vain 
 attempted to fly ; but a storm drove his boats back. Below, you 
 catch a view of the mouth of York river, about twelve miles, and 
 a glimpse of the bay beyond it. The river itself is enlivened by 
 several steamboats ; among others, the fine United States frigate from 
 Baltimore, and smaller vessels of different sorts, bringing visitors 
 from various rivers. The town itself, and the country around it, is 
 plain, until it rises into small hills. A few yards beyond the edge of 
 the town to the east, you see the nearest British lines, the mounds of 
 the entrenchment, and the ditch ; the mound considerably sunk from 
 the tread of cattle and the washing of the rains, and the ditch rapidly 
 filling up. It is said that after the war, the Executive directed a part 
 of the British works to be levelled, for the purpose of saving so much 
 ground, as if we had not land enough already, and as if these works, 
 the monuments of our glory, were not worth a million times the space 
 of ground which they occupy. Near a mile to the east of the lines the 
 committee have erected three temporary works : a triumphal arch at 
 the rock redoubt, which Hamilton and La Fayette stormed, and where 
 
Visit to Virginia. 17 
 
 General Taylor, at the head of his troops, is to address La Fayette ; 
 an obelisk at the site of the redoubt which Viominel stormed, say a 
 quarter ot a mile apart ; and farther to the south, another obelisk on 
 the famous spot where General O'Hara offered to deliver up his sword 
 to General Washington , and in this direction the soldiers' tents are 
 erected, near the field where the troops are to be reviewed and the 
 stands erected, for the accommodation of the ladies, to see the review. 
 These, with the transparencies to be exhibited ; the beautiful and lofty 
 marquee, with its centre and three wings (two to the right and left of 
 the circular centre and the other running towards the river), sent from 
 Richmond, and erected on a commanding spot near the bank of the 
 river, in front of General La Fayette's headquarters ; the tent of 
 Washington, &c., have been prepared by the Committee of Arrange- 
 ments to embellish the scene. It is impossible to contemplate the 
 whole scene without the deepest interest ; but no description can do 
 it justice. 
 
 PRELIMINARY MEETINGS IN RICHMOND — THE GOVERNOR INVITES GENERAL 
 LA FAYETTE TO YORK. 
 
 The Tolunteer companies of the city of Richmond held a meeting 
 on the 29th of August, 1824, at which Colonel J. B. Harvie was 
 appointed chairman, and Lieutenant-Colonel William Lambert, Jr., 
 secretary. They resolved that they would hail with delight the plea- 
 sure of the arrival of General La Fayette among them ; that they 
 would unite with the other volunteer companies of the State in cele- 
 brating on the plains of Yorktown, on the 19th day of October next, 
 the anniversary at that place of the surrender of the British forces 
 under Cornwallis to the combined American and French armies ; that 
 the Governor be requested to invite General La Fayette to honor the 
 occasion with his presence, and that Captains Murphy, Brooke and 
 Nelson, and Lieutenant Richardson be appointed a committee to cor- 
 respond with the volunteer companies of the State to get their coope- 
 ration. Acting in accordance with the request made in these resolu- 
 tions. Governor Pleasants, on the loth of August, 1824, addressed a 
 letter to General La Fayette, at New York, inviting him to be present 
 at Yorktown on the 19th of October. The Hon. James Lyons (now 
 living) was deputed to bear the invitation to the General in New York. 
 The General replied on the i8th of August, accepting the invitation, 
 stating that it gave him inexpressible gratification to be present upon 
 the occasion. 
 
18 General La Fayette's 
 
 A meeting of the officers of the Nineteenth Regiment was held at 
 Tanbark Hall, in the city of Richmond, on the 29th of August, 1824, 
 at which Colonel J. B. Harvie was chairman, and Ensign Gustavus A. 
 Myers was secretary. It was resolved that Captains Goddin and 
 Hyde, and Lieutenant Samuel H. Myers be appointed a committee to 
 invite the officers of other Virginia regiments to unite with the officers 
 of this regiment in forming a company or companies to join the vol- 
 unteers of Norfolk and Richmond in celebrating the anniversary at 
 Yorktown. 
 / At a meeting of the Mayor, Recorder, and senior Alderman of the 
 city of Richmond, on the 31st of August, 1824, for the purpose of 
 adopting such measures as may be most expedient and proper for the 
 reception of General La Fayette in this city, it was ordered that the 
 polite offer of the Governor to afford apartments in the Governor's 
 house for the reception of Major-General La Fayette and his suite, 
 be thankfully accepted, and that arrangements for furnishing the same 
 be accordingly made. (This arrangement was afterwards changed, 
 and La Fayette was quartered at the Eagle Hotel during his stay in 
 \ Richmond.) 
 
 2d. Ordered, That as it would be a subject of high gratification to 
 the citizens of Richmond, that General La Fayette, during his resi- 
 dence in the city, should be attended by as many of the officers of 
 the Revolutionary war as it may be practicable to assemble, a corre- 
 spondence be opened with General Robert Porterfield, Judge Francis 
 T. Brooke, Judge Robert White, Judge Peter Johnston, Colonel John 
 Watts, Colonel John Nicholas, Colonel Charles Dabney, Colonel 
 Clement Carrington, Colonel John Jordan, Major John Nelson, Gen- 
 eral Henry Bowyer, Major Carter Page, Major Thomas Massie, Major 
 Armistead Long, Major Gabriel Long, Major Francis Cowherd, Major 
 William Broadus, Major Moses Blackwell, Major Churchill Gibbs, 
 Major Dudley Diggs, Captain Philip Slaughter, Captain John Robin- 
 son, Captain Charles Woodson, Colonel Charles Cameron, Commo- 
 dore James Barron, Major Isaac Hite, Peter Francisco, John Moody, 
 Joel Jones, Rev. Mathew Wood, Captain George Lambert, Colonel 
 Robert Randolph, Colonel Charles Campbell, Colonel John Wyatt, 
 Captain John Kilby, Captain James Doswell, Captain Thomas Price, 
 Sr., Captain William Braugh, J. Slaughter, Major John L. Cruit, 
 Major James Morton, Captain Samuel Carter, Major Bennony Over- 
 street, Captain Vasser, Colonel Berryman Green, Captain James Dil- 
 lard. General Joel Leftwich, Captain Trabue, Colonel John McCarty, 
 Major Archelaus Perkins, Colonel Thomas Moore, General Thomas 
 
Visit to Virginia. 19 
 
 White, Judge St. George Tucker, Thomas Pemberton, Colonel Philip 
 Holcombe, Colonel William Waring, Major Charles Ewell, Major 
 John Williams, Major Samuel Tinsley, Colonel James Ball, Captain 
 William Johnson, Captain Peter Foster, Captain Wade Mosby, Captain 
 David M. Randolph, Captain Richard Allen, Captain Matthew J. 
 Eggleston, Captain Smith, Captain Joseph Christian, Captain Isham 
 Allen, Colonel Edward Porter, and all other Revolutionary soldiers 
 of Virginia now living, inviting their attendance in Richmond upon 
 the arrival of their distinguished fellow-soldier. ^-- 
 
 3d. Ordered, That Judge John Marshall be solicited to prepare an * 
 appropriate address for the occasion. 
 
 4th. Ordered, That Mr. Jefferson, Mr. Madison, and Mr. Monroe be 
 invited to be present. J 
 
 John Adams, Mayor. 
 
 W. H. FiTZWHYLSONN, Recorder. 
 
 Thos. Brockenbrough, Senior Alderman. 
 
 SKETCH OF THE ARRANGEMENTS ADOPTED FOR ORDER OF THE CELE- 
 BRATION. 
 
 At a meeting of the General Committee, appointed to make arrange- 
 ments for the reception of General La Fayette at York, held at Nel- 
 son's house, in York, on Friday, the 15th day of October, 1824, 
 Colonel Burwell Bassett was unanimously chosen chairman of the 
 committee, and John Y. Mason secretary. 
 
 The committee consisted of the following gentlemen : Judges James 
 Semple and William Brown, Major Thomas Griffin, Colonel J. R. 
 Nimmo, Colonel AUmond, Colonel J. B. Harvie, Colonel William 
 Jones, of Gloucester ; Colonel Joseph Bragg, Colonel John Lewis, 
 Major William K. Perrin, of Gloucester ; General B. W. Pryor, Col- 
 onel B. Bassett, General M. S. Pitts, Samuel Shields, Esq., General 
 William H. Broadnax, Captain John Y. Mason, Colonel John G. 
 Joynes, Colonel William Boiling, Lieutenant Robert G. Scott, Ben- 
 jamin Watkins Leigh, and William French. 
 
 The committee to superintend the erection of necessary buildings 
 and to prepare suitable accommodations for General Lafayette and 
 the guests were Major Thomas Griffin, Major John Goodall, Captain 
 William McCandlish, Robert Anderson, and William Nelson ; Dr. 
 John Carr, of Williamsburg, treasurer. 
 
 The following arrangements, preparatory and subsequent to Gene-» 
 
20 General La Fayette's 
 
 ral. La Fayette's landing at this place, were then proposed, considered, 
 and adopted : 
 
 The steamboat Virginia, under the command of Captain Jesse D. 
 Elliott, assisted by Captain Lewis Warrington, of the United States 
 navy, will leave here on Monday morning, the i8th instant, proceed 
 to the mouth of York river, and there await the arrival of the steam- 
 boat Petersburg, from which General La Fayette and his attendants 
 will be received on board the Virginia, and conveyed to this place. 
 The chairman, and any four of the committee whom he may desig- 
 nate, will take passage on the Virginia, meet the General at the mouth 
 of the river, and accompany him to York. The place of General 
 La Fayette's landing will be designated by a flag, planted on the 
 beach, where he will be received by the Governor and Executive 
 Council of Virginia, the General Committee of Arrangements, the 
 Chief Justice of the United States, with the Judiciary of the Common- 
 wealth, and the Revolutionary officers and soldiers attending. He will 
 be conducted to the barouche prepared for his use, and seated with 
 the Governor of Virginia, when the procession will commence, the 
 General Committee of Arrangements, attended by two marshals lead- 
 ing the way, then General La Fayette's barouche, followed by his 
 suite, the President of the United States, the heads of Departments 
 who may be present, the Chief Justice of the United States, the Judi- 
 ciary of the Commonwealth, the Executive Council of the State, the 
 Commissioners of the Navy, the Officers of the Army and Navy of the 
 United States, and the invited guests, in carriages and on horses, and 
 will advance along the beach, through double rows of citizens on foot, 
 arranged on each side, who will file in from the right and left, as the 
 procession advances to the house which has been provided for the 
 General's accommodation. 
 
 A salute will be fired on the General's landing, and a band of music 
 will perform appropriate airs during the procession. A gun will be 
 fired as the signal for forming the procession, at which time all those 
 who wish to unite, will repair to the beach, and persons arriving after 
 the formation has been made, will be arranged, under the directions 
 of a marshal, on the heights near the old church, and will not be 
 admitted into the ranks already formed. 
 
 The open ground in rear of the Marquee, in front of General La 
 Fayette's quarters, will be allotted, under the direction of a marshal, 
 to the exclusive accommodation of ladies. 
 
 On the 19th, between the hours of 11 and i o'clock, a gun will be 
 fired as a signal for forming a procession as on the preceding day, 
 
Visit to Virginia. 21 
 
 beginning at General La Fayette's quarters, extending down the street 
 beyond West's house, and then turning to the right in the direction of 
 the Hampton road. The procession will advance down the road some 
 distance, will wheel to the right and approach within a few paces of 
 the Triuffiphal Arch erected at the Point of Rock, where it will halt, 
 and the General, dismounting and accompanied by the President, 
 Governor, Chief Justice, and Revolutionary officers and soldiers, will 
 advance to the arch, and receive military honors under command of 
 Major-General Taylor, drawn up for that purpose. 
 
 The procession will then be dismissed, and from the arch General 
 La Fayette and his attendants will be escorted to his quarters by the 
 military. 
 
 The following gentlemen were appointed marshals, with power to 
 select as many assistants as they may deem necessary, whose duty it 
 will be to form the procession and preserve order on the i8th and 19th : 
 Major John Goodall, Captain William Finney, Wm. McCandlish, 
 Colonel C. Jones, Major John E. Parkham, Thomas Nelson, Mann 
 Page, Christopher Tompkins, Thomas R. Yeatman, Colonel William 
 A. Christian of Northampton, Colonel E. Pescud, Scervant Jones, 
 William P. Custis, Major Robert Shields, Jr., and Seaton Elliott. It 
 is anticipated by the committee, if it comports with the wishes and 
 convenience of General La Fayette, that visitors will be received by 
 him and strangers introduced to him on the evening of the i8th, the 
 morning and evening of the 19th, and the morning of the 20th. 
 Fire-works will be exhibited on the evening of the 19th, and a ball 
 will probably be given on the evening of the 20th. 
 
 BURWELL BaSSETT, 
 
 Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements. 
 John Y. Mason, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 THE LANDING. 
 
 Forty-three years ago (now 100 years ago) and this town presented 
 the spectacle of a subdued enemy, marching out with hearts dejected 
 and spirits humbled. Now, what a sight bursts upon the view? A 
 free people, teeming with life and the fulness of joy, were arrayed on 
 the heights or met upon the beach, the gallant stranger who had risked 
 his all in their cause. The scene now displayed baffles all description. 
 The feelings are too acute to be expressed by words ; a rapid sketch 
 
22 General La Fayette's 
 
 will only be attempted. Early in the forenoon the Norfolk and Balti- 
 more steamboat, Virginia, went down to the spot, about twelve miles, 
 to receive the distinguished guest. Messrs. Burwell Rassett, Benjamin 
 W. Leigh, General Brodnax, Mr. Robert G. Scott, Colonel Jones, 
 and a number of ladies, accompanied by the Chief Justice, Judge 
 Brooke, Colonels McLane and Fish, went in her. He was on the boat 
 Petersburg, which conveyed him from Alexandria, accompanied by 
 Colonels Harvie and Peyton, the Governor's aids. 
 
 As soon as the boat approached. Colonels Bassett and Jones put off 
 in a barge and conveyed the illustrious stranger to the Virginia, the 
 Marine band, of Washington, playing " Yankee Doodle. " He was 
 then introduced to the other three members of the committee, when 
 Mr. Leigh deiivered the following eloquent address in the most touch- 
 ing manner. 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 ^^ General La Fayette : Sir, we are deputed by our fellow-citizens 
 now assembled at Yorktown, to welcome you to Virginia. We will 
 not recount, in your presence, the real service you have rendered this 
 republic, and the virtues that so endear you to us, lest even the simple 
 voice of tn.ith might pain the delicacy of a mind like yours ; but the 
 emotions we all feel, of gratitude, affection, and veneration for you — 
 emotions rendered more intense in each by the universal sympathy of 
 others — these we cannot suppress. In the numerous assembly now 
 anxiously awaiting your arrival, they are swelling in every bosom, and 
 hanging on every tongue, and beaming from every eye. Yes, sir, 
 you 'read your history in a nation's eyes.' A whole nation unite in 
 one deep and glowing sentiment of respect and love towards you. 
 Wheresoever you go, the old greet you as their leader in arms and 
 their companion in toil and danger ; the partaker, too, of their triumph ; 
 the young have been taught, from their earliest childhood, to honor 
 and to bless your name ; the mothers and the daughters of the land 
 shed tears of joy at your approach. Your name is associated in the 
 memory of us all with every name, and with most of the events in our 
 annals dearest to the American heart, with the illustrious and revered 
 name of Washington, and with the most glorious achievements of the 
 Revolution. 
 
 " But of all the states in the Union, though we will not say that 
 Virginia is the most grateful, yet she certainly owes you the largest 
 debt of gratitude. This State was the chief scene of your services. 
 In the day of her greatest peril, in the darkest hour of her distress, 
 
Visit to Virginia. 2S 
 
 when invading armies threatened to overrun the country, and aU the 
 horrors of war were pointed against our very dwellings, Washington 
 selected you, his youthful friend, for the chief command, and securely 
 entrusted the defence of his native State to your courage and conduct. 
 How zealously you undertook, how well you fulfilled the arduous 
 part assigned you, with what honor to yourself and with what advantage 
 to us, no time shall obliterate the remembrance. The General of the 
 enemy, in effect, pronounced your eulogium, when, conscious of his 
 own abilities, and confiding in the superiority of his forces, he vaunt- 
 ingly said, 'the boy cannot escape me.' History records that our 
 youthful general not only did escape him, but that he held safe the 
 far greater part of the country in spite of his utmost efforts, and came 
 at last to yonder spot, to assist in the capture of his army, to witness 
 the downfall of his hopes, the humiliation of his pride, and the last 
 effort of British power against American freedom. 
 
 "And now, after the lapse of forty-three years, he visits the same 
 spot again, happy to renew the glorious recollections of the past, and 
 yet happier, we hope, to see how dearly we appreciate the blessings of 
 liberty and independence, which he assisted us to achieve. 
 
 "On that spot, sir, we are most proud to receive you. We hail you 
 as the hero of liberty and the friend of man ! We greet you as the 
 bosom friend of Washington. We greet you as one of the Fathers of 
 the Republic." 
 
 General La Fayette answered : 
 
 "I am happy, sir, to find myself again, after a long absence, and to 
 be so kindly welcomed by your Excellency, on the beloved soil of the 
 State of Virginia — that state to which I am bound by so many old 
 ties of gratitude, devotion, and mutual confidence. It is to the patri- 
 otic support I found in the civil authorities of this state, whose gener. 
 ous spirit had already shone from the beginning of the Revolutionary 
 contest ; it is to the zeal, the courage, the perseverance of the Virginia 
 militia, in conjunction with our gallant Continental army, that we 
 have been indebted for the success of a campaign arduous in its begin- 
 ning, fruitful in its happy issue. Nothing can be more gratifying to 
 my feelings than the testimonies I receive of my living still in the 
 hearts of the Virginians, and I beg you, sir, to be pleased to accept and 
 transmit to the citizens of this state the cordial tribute of my grateful, 
 constant, and affectionate respect." 
 
 The General's attention in listening to Mr. Leigh's address was 
 
24 General La Fa\tette's 
 
 profound — his countenance dignified and deeply interesting — reflect- 
 ing the various sentiments as they were expressed by the orator ; but 
 when Mr. Leigh came to " The boy cannot escape me," there was an 
 archness in his face which defies all description. As soon as he con- 
 cluded, the band struck up "Washington's March," and the General 
 was introduced to the various guests. 
 
 The music of the fine Marine band, from Washington, and repeated 
 salutes from approaching steamboats, gave a fine effect to the water 
 scenery. A cold and sumptuous collation was served up to General 
 La Fayette and his companions. 
 
 The water view soon became eminently picturesque. The beach, 
 the heights, filled with anxious spectators; the near water, animated 
 by a variety of vessels with streamers flying, while down the river 
 appeared six steamboats, with their majestic fronts and their columns 
 of smoke breaking gradually to the view. The Virginia was in front 
 of the centre of all. On her larboard, was the Petersburg and the 
 Hampton ; on her starboard, the United States, of Baltimore, and 
 the Potomac ; in the rear of all, tlie steamboat Virginia, of Richmond. 
 The anticipation was intense — the attention of the numerous specta- 
 tors was solemn and profound, until the steamboats came opposite to 
 the town. The Governor and Council were stationed on the temporary 
 wharf erected for the reception, in two lines ; the Judiciary, the Revo- 
 lutionary patriots, officers of the army, invited guests, and citizens, 
 were arranged in the same manner, leaving an avenue open for the 
 barouche which was destined to receive him. Captain Elliott, of the 
 United States navy, commanded the Virginia and all the arrangements 
 for the landing. A barge put off" from the boat, with Colonel Harvie, 
 to land the Marine band and to arrange for the General's landing. 
 These being effected, the barge again put off", and soon brought back 
 to the wharf, " the observed of all observers," his hat off" and his 
 countenance exhibiting the intensest interest. He landed with his 
 companions, and passed from one end of the bridge to the other, sup- 
 ported on one side, by Colonel Harvie and Colonel Bassett, and on the 
 other, by Colonel Peyton and Colonel Jones. He was then introduced 
 to the Governor, who delivered the following address in the most 
 impressive manner : 
 
 ADDRESS BY GOVERNOR PLEASANTS. 
 
 " General La Fayette : Sir, on behalf of the people of Virginia, I 
 tender to you a most cordial and hearty welcome to our state. In 
 you, we recognize the early, the steadfast, the consistent friend. Whilst 
 
Visit to Virginia. 25 
 
 the United States in general owe to you so large a debt of gratitude 
 for the liberal tender of your purse, your person, and your blood in 
 their behalf, the State of Virginia is, if possible, still more deeply 
 indebted to you. You were her defender in the hour of her greatest 
 trial. At the early age of twenty-four years, with an army greatly 
 inferior in numbers, and still more in equipments and discipline, you 
 conducted your military movements with so much judgment that the 
 ablest officer of the British army could never obtain the slightest 
 advantage over you ; and whilst that officer spent his time in harassing 
 our distressed state, you manoeuvred before him with the most unceas- 
 ing caution and vigilance, with a steady eye to that grand result 
 which brought the war to a crisis on the plains of York. 
 
 " Forty-three years from that period, we have the happiness to find 
 you in our country, the vast improvement of which is the most conclu- 
 sive evidence of the correctness of the principles, for which you con- 
 tended by the side of Washington. I will conclude, sir, by the 
 expression of a sentiment which I believe to be strictly true. It is, 
 that no man, at any time, has ever received the effusion of a nation's 
 feelings which have come so directly from the heart." 
 
 The General advanced, and, grasping the Governor's hand, said : 
 
 GENERAL LA. FAYETTE's RESPONSE TO THE GOVERNOR. 
 
 "I am gratified, sir, most highly gratified, by the reception you 
 have given me on the part of the State of Virginia. The happy con- 
 duct and the successful termination of the decisive campaign in which 
 you have the goodness to ascribe to me, so large a part, were attribu- 
 table much more to the constituted authorities and the people of Vir- 
 ginia, than to the General, who was honored with the chief military 
 command. I have the liveliest recollection of all the scenes of my 
 services in this state, and of all the men with whom it was my happi- 
 ness and honor to serve ; and happy as I was to assist and witness the 
 accomplishment of American liberty and independence, I have been 
 yet happier in the assurance that the blessings, which have flowed from 
 that great event, have exceeded the fondest and most sanguine expec- 
 tations." 
 
 INTRODUCTIONS. 
 
 The General was then successively introduced to the councillors, the 
 judges, the Revolutionary officers, Mr. Chevallie, and a number of 
 citizens. 
 
 The procession then advanced, General La Fayette, the Governor* 
 
 4 
 
. r. ( < , - 
 
 26 General' La Fayette's 
 
 Chief Justice, and Mr. Calhoun, the secretary of war, seated in the 
 splendid barouche built expressly for the occasion by Mr. James 
 Bosher ; next, La Fayette's son and suite, in the beautiful carriage also 
 built especially for the occasion by Mr. Tichenor ; and the Council, 
 &c., &c., in regular succession. It advanced (the General's head un- 
 covered) amidst the salutes from the artillery company stationed on 
 the heights, and from the steamboats and small craft, and amid the 
 full swell of music. It passed through the long lines of citizens and 
 old Revolutionary soldiers, arranged in two columns. It wound up the 
 hill, and finally terminated at the General's quarters. On entering 
 the house (General Nelson's house), he was cheered by a crowd of citi- 
 zens. The introduction of a number of ladies and citizens followed, 
 receiving all with interest and the quiet dignity of a spirit at peace 
 within itself, and pleased with all the world. The most interesting of 
 these interviews was with the soldiers 'of the Revolution. One of 
 them advanced on, seized the General by the hand, exclaiming, " I 
 was with you at Yorktown ; I entered yonder redoubt at your side; 
 I, too, was at the side of the gallant De Kalb, your associate in arms, 
 when he fell in the field." The tears streamed from the veteran's 
 eyes, and La Fayette showed, by his countenance, the sympathy he 
 felt. " Yes, my brave soldiers, I am happy to have lived to meet you 
 once more." After a short time. La Fayette, respecting that inesti- 
 mable spirit of equality which pervades over free institutions, went 
 forth to salute the crowd of citizens who stood in the street. He was 
 stationed at the gate, and the long line of gratified spectators passed 
 by him. Each person seized his hand as he passed him. To all, La 
 Fayette extended some mark of kindness and consideration. The 
 spectacle was deeply impressive. The variety of manners in the dif- 
 ferent spectators was singularly strikmg. Some, as they approached, 
 fixed their eyes on his face and lingered after they had passed, as if to 
 drink in the last expression of its countenance. Others advanced 
 with the deepest feelings ot awe, with their eyes cast upon the earth. 
 
 The moral effect of this spectacle was sublime. There was an 
 effect in it which no words can describe. Tears streamed from a hun- 
 dred eyes. The sentiments diffused through several thousand specta- 
 tors were of the loftiest character. 
 
 r 
 
 HIS PERSONAL APPEARANCE. 
 
 La Fayette is a man of extraordinary attractions ; in face, much 
 changed within thirty years. His complexion, originally clear and 
 white, is now sunburnt ; his forehead, which is very high, is covered 
 
Visit to Virginia. 27 
 
 .very low with a wig; but it is still most attractive. So much sweet- 
 ness and modesty are blended with steadiness of purpose and loftiness 
 of sentiment. He appeared in the ordinary dress of a citizen, black 
 coat and pantaloons, and white vest ; five feet ten inches high, and 
 limps a little as he walks. All that he says and does is distinguished 
 by a singular taste and good sense. He never seems for a moment to 
 overstep the modesty of nature. All is fit — all is happy. \ 
 
 THE I9TH OCTOBER, THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE SURRENDER OF YORK, 
 
 was celebrated with appropriate honors. If the civic reception of the 
 1 8th was affecting, the military spectacle of the 19th was brilliant 
 and imposing. 
 
 Soon after breakfast, the General walked from his quarters to the tent 
 of Washington, surrounded by the Committee of Arrangements and 
 others. Numbers were then introduced to him — many ladies, the 
 veteran soldiers of the Revolution, citizens from other states, and all 
 quarters of Virginia. 
 
 Colonel William L. Lewis, of Campbell, was introduced to him, and 
 delivered the following address : 
 
 " General La Fayette : The sons of the mountains join most cor- 
 dially their lowland brethren in welcoming your return to this country. 
 They are more delighted at this particular period, because, after an ab- 
 sence of about forty years, you will now be a witness of the happy effects 
 of self-government, founded on the rights of man, rights, which you so 
 nobly contributed to establish. Little did you think, when, in youth- 
 ful age you put your life in your hand, and crossed the stormy billows 
 of the deep, to fight and bleed for the independence of America, that 
 the results would have been so wonderful. At that period, we were only 
 a handful of people, for lacking in everything of military import, excep.t 
 our invincible love and attachment for liberty, we fought : and, thanks 
 to La Fayette and his native country, we conquered. Now, see the 
 result. We have, nearly by the offsprings of our own loins, increased 
 to more than 10,000,000 of people, cleared the immeasurable forests 
 of savages and wild beasts, and in their places, are cultivating rich 
 lands, building villages, towns, and cities; our commerce is spread 
 over every sea, and our navy rides triumphant on the ocean. 
 
 "Such are the effects of free government, founded on equal rights 
 and supported by wise and merciful laws faithfully executed. There 
 is but one alloy to our pleasure of meeting you — we dread your return 
 to Europe. The despots of that country envy your increasing glory, 
 
28 General La Fayette's 
 
 founded on virtue which they cannot imitate, and their political fears 
 may again incarcerate you in the grated walls of a dungeon. Stay, 
 then, with us ; La Fayette, stay with us — here in every house you will 
 find a home, and in every heart a friend. We will, with filial affection, 
 rock with gentleness the cradle of your declining age, and when it 
 shall please the God of universal nature to call you to himself, 
 crowned with the blessings of at least one free and mighty nation, we 
 will then, with holy devotion, bury your bones by the side of your 
 adopted and immortal father, and moisten your tomb with the tears 
 of love and gratitude." 
 
 (Signed) William J. Lewis, 
 
 In behalf of himself and other sons of the mountains. 
 
 The costume and whole appearance of Colonel Lewis were striking 
 and interesting. He had on the mountain dress. On the conclusion 
 of the address, the General grasped him with both hands, and in the 
 most touching manner begged him to convey to his mountain friends, 
 his most affectionate acknowledgments for this testimony of their kind- 
 ness. He recounted the services v hich their gallantry had formerly 
 rendered him. He dwelt with delight upon the interest they now 
 manifested in his happiness. 
 
 About II o'clock, the procession began to form for the triumphal 
 arch, erected on the ruins of the Rock Redoubt, standing within six 
 yards of the river's bank. The ceremony of the reception at that 
 most interesting point was pathetic beyond expression. The old Gen- 
 eral advanced up the hillock which leads to the Redoubt, limping and 
 supported by the Governor, with his aids, and members of the Commit- 
 tee of Arrangements. A large concourse of officers and citizens fol- 
 lowed them. When La Fayette had reached the triumphal arch, 
 General Taylor stepped from the semi-circular group, which was formed 
 near the river's bank, saluted him with profound respect, and addressed 
 him in the following manner : 
 
 general Taylor's address. 
 
 " General : On behalf of my comrades, I bid you welcome. They 
 come to greet you with no pageantry, intended to surprise by its nov- 
 elty, or dazzle by its splendor ; but they bring you. General, an offer- 
 ing which wealth could not purchase, nor power constrain. On this 
 day, associated with so many thrilling recollections, on this spot, con- 
 secrated by successful valor, they come to offer you this willing homage 
 pf their hearts. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 29 
 
 "Judge, General, of their feelings, at this moment, by you own. 
 Everything around them speaks alike to their senses and sensibilities. 
 These plains, where the peaceful ploughshare has not yet effaced the 
 traces of military operations ; these half-decayed ramparts, this ruined 
 village, in which the bomb's havoc is stiU everywhere visible, tell us 
 of past warfare, and remind us of that long, arduous, and doubtful 
 struggle, on the issue of which depended the emancipation of our coun- 
 try. On yonder hillock, the last scene of blood was closed by the sur- 
 render of an army, and the liberty of our nation permanently secured. 
 With what resistless eloquence, does it command our gratitude and ad- 
 miration for the gallant heroes, to whose noble exertions, we owe the 
 countless blessings which our free constitutions have conferred upon us. 
 
 " The spot on which we stand, was once a redoubt, occupied by our 
 enemy. With how rapid a pencil does imagination present the bloom- 
 ing chieftain, by whom it was wrested from his grasp? Can we be 
 here, and forget that, superior to the prejudices which then enchained 
 even nobler minds, he perceived, in the first and almost hopeless strug 
 gles of a distant and obscure colony, the movement of that moral 
 power, which was destined to give a new direction and character to 
 political institutions, and to improve human happiness ? Can we for- 
 get that, deaf to the solicitations of power, of rank, and of pleasure, 
 with a noble prodigality, he gave to our country his sword, his treas- 
 ure, and the influence of his example? And when, in the aged warrior 
 who stands before us, we recognize that youthful chieftain, with what 
 rapidity does memory retrace the incidents of his eventful life? With 
 what pleasure do we see his manhood realize the promise of his youth? 
 In senates or in camps, in the palaces of kings or in their dungeons, 
 we behold the same erect and manly spirit. At one time, tempering 
 the licentiousness of popular feelings; at another, restraining the ex- 
 travagance of power ; and always, regardless of everything but the 
 great object of his life, the rtioral and political improvement of man. 
 
 "General, in the brightest days of antiquity, no artificial stimulus of 
 rank, or power, or wealth, was required to excite noble minds to acts 
 of generous daring. A wreath of laurel, or of oak, was at once the 
 proof and the reward of illustrious merit. For this, statesmen medi- 
 tated, warriors bled, and eloquence soared to its sublimest heights. 
 The prize was invaluable ; for it was won only by merit. It detracted, 
 however, somewhat from its worth, that it was conferred by the par- 
 tiality of compatriots, and, in the fervor of admiration, inspired by 
 recent success. 
 
 "Your life, General, illustrious throughout, in (his ^IsQ i§ distin- 
 
30 General La Fayette's 
 
 guished. Time, which dims the lustre of ordinary merit, has rendered 
 yours more brilliant. After a lapse of near half a century, your 
 triumph is decreed by the sons of those who witnessed your exploits. 
 Deign, then, General, to accept the simple but expressive token of 
 their gratitude and admiration. Suffer their leader to place upon your 
 veteran brow, tne only crown it would not disdain to wear — the blended 
 emblem of your worth and martial prowess. It will not pain you, Gen 
 eral, to perceive some scattered sprigs of melancholy cypress intermin- 
 gled with the blended leaves of laurel and oak. Your heart would 
 turn from us with generous indignation, if, on an occasion like this, 
 amid the joyous acclamations which greet you everywhere, were heard 
 no sighs of grateful recollection for those gallant men who shared your 
 battles, but do not, cannot, share your triumph. The wreath which 
 our gratitude has woven to testify our love for you, will lose nothing 
 of its fragrance or its verdure, though time hangs upon its leaves, some 
 tears of pious recollection of the friend of your early youth — in war, 
 the avenger ; in peace, the father of his country. 
 
 " In behalf, then, of all the chivalry of Virginia, on this redoubt, 
 which his valor wrested from the enemy at the point of the bayonet, 
 I place on the head of Major-General La Fayette, this wreath of 
 double triumph, won by numerous and illustrious acts of martial 
 ptowess, and by a life devoted to the happiness of the human race. 
 In their names, I proclaim him alike victorious in arms and in acts of 
 civil polity; in bannered fields, a hero; in civil life, the benefactor of 
 mankind." 
 
 La Fayette was deeply affected. There was a solemn earnestness 
 in his manner, a touching sensibility in his whole countenance, which 
 most deeply impressed every observer. Many wept ; all were moved. 
 When General Taylor had closed his address, he was about to fix the 
 civic wreath upon the General's head ; but the considerate veteran, 
 always himself, always attentive to the slightest proprieties of word 
 and action, caught the hovering wreath, as it approached his brow, 
 with his right hand, and, respectfully bowing, dropped it at his side, 
 when he thus replied : 
 
 GENERAL LA FAVETTE's REPLY TO GENERAL TAYLOR. 
 
 "I most cordially thank you, my dear general, and your compan- 
 ions in arms, for your affectionate welcome, your kind recollections, 
 and the flattering expressions of your friendship. Happy am I to re- 
 ceive them on these already ancient lines^ where the united arms of 
 
Visit to Virginia. 31 
 
 America and France have been gloriously engaged in a holy alliance, 
 to support the rights of American independence, and the racred prin- 
 ciple of the sovereignty of the people ; happy, also, to be so welcomed 
 on the particular spot, vi'here my dear light-infantry comrades acquired 
 one of their honorable claims to public love and esteem. You know, sir, 
 that in this business of storming redoubts, with unloaded arms and fixed 
 bayonets, the merit of the deed is in the soldiers who execute it, and to 
 each of them, I am anxious to acknowledge their equal share of honor. 
 " Let me, however, with affection and gratitude, pay a special tribute 
 to the gallant name of Hamilton, who commanded the attack; to the 
 three field officers who seconded him, Gimat, Laurens, and Fish ; the 
 only surviving one, my friend, now near me. In their name, my dear 
 General, in the name of the light infantry, those we have lost as well 
 as those who survive, and only in common with them, I accept the 
 crown with which you are pleased to honor us, and I offer you the re- 
 turn of the most grateful acknowledgments." 
 
 When he closed, he gave a new proof of the rapidity of his concep- 
 tions, the generosity of his soul, the uniform modesty of his character. 
 The very moment he concluded, (never having been prepared for such 
 a scene, never having seen the address, never having expected the pre- 
 sentation of the wreath,) he turned round and drew Colonel Fish to 
 the front, and said : " Here, half of this wreath belongs to you." 
 "No, sir," replied Fish, "it is all your own." "Then," said La 
 Fayette, "take it, and preserve it as our common property." The 
 whole scene was strongly marked by the moral sublime. 
 
 The ceremony over, the grand review commenced. La Fayette 
 stood near the arch, and the volunteer companies and the United 
 States troops passed him in regular succession, with flags flying and 
 music floating in the air. The troops then formed themselves again 
 into line, and La Fayette, on foot, passed down the line. He was car- 
 ried to the obelisk, situated on the spot where Viomenil had stormed 
 the second redoubt. The review over, and La Fayette having seen 
 and been seen by all the troops, he mounted his barouche, in company 
 with the Governor, and was followed by the other carriages. The 
 whole body of military and citizens then moved to the field, near to 
 which the British troops had grounded their arms in '8i. Between 
 there and the amphitheatre, where at least i,ooo ladies sat, the ba- 
 rouche passed on, near to the ladies, who continued to wave their 
 handkerchiefs as he slowly moved on. " Ladies, receive my warm 
 thanks for your kind welcome," was constantly on his lips. 
 
32 General La Fayette's 
 
 The whole scene defies description. Here were the fields which, 
 forty-three years ago, had witnessed the tread of a conquered enemy. 
 A thousand associations of this description rushed upon the mind. 
 Now filled with an animated and joyous throng of from 10,000 to 
 15,000 persons, the spectacle surpassed all expectation, all expression. 
 
 La Fa\ ette was then escorted to his quarters by all the troops, and 
 the lower rooms of the house were soon filled by a number of guests, 
 who were invited to participate in the public dinner. 
 
 The company sat down to the tables at 5 o'clock. The large 
 marquee was nearly filled with guests. A circular table ran round the 
 centre ; tvvo parallel rows of tables extended through each of the 
 wings. General Taylor presided, assisted by Generals Cocke and 
 Brodnax, in the central portion of the marquee, and each table in the 
 wings had its own presiding officers. La Fayette sat on the right of 
 General Taylor. The arrangement of the other guests, the manner of 
 the entertainment, &c., are too uninteresting to relate. Our business 
 is not with the etiquette of a table, the quantity of the food, or with 
 the quality of the wines. No exertion had been spared to spread the 
 tables ; but it was the moral spectacle alone which attracted and 
 deserves attention. It was the effusion of the heart, the rapture which 
 beamed from every eye and rung through the spacious marquee ; it was 
 the voluntary and free oblation of a free people to their country's ben- 
 efactor. The marquee was splendidly illuminated, and adorned with 
 two handsome transparencies ; and it may be a matter of curiosity to 
 some persons to learn, that the lights set before General La Fayette 
 were fine wax-candles, which had been discovered among the United 
 States stores by Colonel Eustis, and ascertained to have been found 
 among the stores of Lord Conwallis, captured forty-three years before 
 at Yorktown. 
 
 The following toasts were drank on this memorable occasion : 
 
 TOASTS. 
 
 1. The Memory of Washington : The man to whose exalted virtue, 
 profound wisdom, deliberate valor, and unbending fortitude, our 
 country owes its tranquil freedom and its proud renown. 
 
 2. Our Beloved General, General La Fayette: The laurel wreathed 
 around his brow is the evergreen of fame, which wintry time shall not 
 wither, but mature. 
 
 After having presented his affectionate thanks, and remembered old 
 obligations to the State of Virginia, General La Fayette offered the 
 following toast : • 
 
Visit to Virginia. 33 
 
 Yorktown : And may the pretensions and the arms of the usurpers 
 of national rights everywhere, be surrendered to popular good sense 
 and patriotic energy. 
 
 3. The Congress of '76: The holy alliance of virtue, liberty, and 
 knowledge. 
 
 4. The Soldiers of the Revolution : Patriots who fought without 
 pay, without clothing, and without murmuring. 
 
 5. The Surviving Officers of the Revolution : Ever honored and 
 revered by their happy and grateful countrymen. 
 
 Here General La Fayette gave this toast : 
 
 To the memory of Colonel Scammel, and of the soldiers of both 
 nations who fell at the siege of Yorktown. 
 
 6. Our Country: What envious foe can deny that she is lovely? 
 Let every American revere her as his mother, and love her as the 
 bride of his heart. 
 
 7. The Constitution of the United States : Which establishes the 
 line of division and the bond of union — strong be the one, distinct 
 the other, and both eternal. 
 
 8. The President : Whose youth, whose manhood, and whose age, 
 have been spent in his country's service — honor and happiness attend 
 his remaining years. 
 
 9. The Congress of the United States : Though party may divide, 
 duty unites ; though they differ concerning means, in sincere devotion 
 to their country's good, we are happy to believe that they have always 
 been unanimous. 
 
 ID. The Navy : The school of manly sentiment and heroic enter- 
 prise — now let the once proud mistress of the seas laugh at its bit of 
 striped bunting, if she can. 
 
 11. The Army: Led by a chivalry no less distinguished by valor 
 than a dignified submission and proud obedience to the laws. 
 
 12. The State of Virginia and Sister States: All prosperity and 
 happiness to each and all. 
 
 13. La Fayette's two visits to Yorktown: The first, to witness the 
 humiliation of an haughty foe ; the second, the affection of a grateful 
 people. 
 
 VOLUNTEER TOASTS. 
 
 By the Governor of Virginia : May every nation of the earth, con- 
 tending for her just rights, find a Washington, a La Fayette, and a 
 Yorktown. 
 
 By the Chief Justice : The patriot soldier, whose youth, whose 
 
 manhood, and whose age have been devoted to the battles of liberty. 
 5 
 
34 General La Fayette's 
 
 By Judge Brooke : The spirit of '76 — self-devotion to our country's 
 good. 
 
 By the Secretary of War, John C. Calhoun : The State of Virginia, 
 when asked for her jewels, like the mother of the Gracchi, she may 
 point to her sons. 
 
 By Colonel Fish : Our country — may her gallant achievements at 
 Yorktown be a lasting memento to her sons. 
 
 By Colonel McLane: The memory of Patrick Henry. 
 
 By General W. Jones, of the District of Columbia : Our native 
 land — may our love for it be secondary only to our veneration for the 
 principles that should endear it. 
 
 By Colonel Hiiger : Honor to the patriots of the Revolution — may 
 the conduct of their descendants prove them heirs to their virtues. 
 
 By General Macomb : Virginia, like the free and independent citizen 
 soldiers of the Union everywhere, will receive the hero of Yorktown 
 with presented arms. 
 
 By General Porterfield : The families of the Castle of La Grange, 
 including their illustrious sire — may every good, temporal and spiritual, 
 attend them. 
 
 By Major Magruder : Olmutz — The tyrant's dungeon found preg- 
 nable to republican gratitude. 
 
 By Commodore Barron : The feeling that now pervades the nation — 
 May it never flag or fail 
 While the earth bears a mortal, the change to bewail. 
 
 By Captain J. D. Elliott : The tree which bore its fruits in '77, '78, 
 '79, '80, and '81. It has not submitted to an European graft — never 
 has it required it. 
 
 By G. W. La Fayette : The venerated roof of Mount Vernon, under 
 which, for so many years, I was so happy as to receive a great man's 
 blessing. 
 
 By Mr. Custis : La Fayette, on the field of his fame — Twice victo- 
 rious ; first, over the arms of his enemies ; and last, over the hearts of 
 his friends. 
 
 By Mr. J. A. Chevallie : The memory of Beaumarchais — by his 
 timely supplies, and great influence with the government of France, he 
 contributed to the independence of these United States. 
 
 By Judge R. E. Parker : The French chevallier — Sans puer et sans 
 reproche. 
 
 By William H. Roane : The freedom of the press — the great bul- 
 wark of liberty. Its censorship bodes no good to the friend of human 
 rights. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 35 
 
 By Colonel Charles Fenton Mercer : The man whom adversity 
 could not subdue, nor prosperity seduce. 
 
 By Colonel William J. Lewis : May heaven bless this De La Fayette, 
 who fought and bled for my country. 
 
 By Dr. Warfield, of Georgetown : Moribiis Antiquis stat Roma. 
 
 By Colonel Peyton : The virtue which deserves a crown of laurel, 
 and the eloquence which celebrates it. 
 
 By Major S. J. Winston : The Nation's Guest — a faithful mirror, 
 that reflects the light of one world on the darkness of the other. 
 
 The whole company rose from the table at 9 o'clock, and many of 
 them, with hundreds of spectators, attended, in the open fields east of 
 the town, to witness the uncommonly fine fire-works, which had been 
 prepared at public expense, for the general gratification. La Fayette 
 was present, sitting on one of the old British embankments. 
 
 MILITARY BREAKFAST IN THE TENT OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 On the morning of the 20th, the officers and privates of the volun- 
 teer companies spread for the old General a military breakfast. No 
 scene was better calculated to wind up the whole. A neat table was 
 spread under the tent of Washington, which was carried to the volun- 
 teers' encampment, for the heart-felt occasion. Nothing could have 
 been happier than the manner of conducting the entertainment. 
 Some of the troops were formed in two lines. As the General's ba- 
 rouche approached the right wing of the first line, he alighted, and 
 walked down both lines, shaking every officer and man by the hand, 
 and receiving their cordial congratulations. The other companies, 
 who were not thus arranged, were put in motion, and passed the Gen- 
 eral, standing, to receive their hands. The effect was infinitely im- 
 pressive. La Fayette was then conducted to the tent, where a plenti- 
 ful repast was spread before him, and the other guests. Wine was 
 placed before him, and several toasts were given. 
 
 By General La Fayette : Thanks to the volunteers of Virginia, 
 with a most grateful sense of the obligation I have received from their 
 fathers. 
 
 By Mr. Douthat, of Richmond Cavalry : This tent, the tent of 
 Washington, which has formerly covered the hero from the wind and 
 storm. 
 
 The whole company broke up about 11 o'clock, pleased with each 
 other. 
 
 La Fayette returned to his quarters, and the volunteers began to 
 
36 General La Fayette's 
 
 strike their tents, and prepare for their departure. The considerate 
 La Fayette had respectfully expressed an earnest solicitude at their vol- 
 untary detention from home, and an anxious wish that they might re- 
 turn to their wives, children, and friends. To set his mind at ease, it 
 was determined to supersede the other arrangements which had been 
 contemplated, and to decline the honors of a public ball. 
 
 DEPARTURE OF THE VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The embarkation of the volunteers was a most picturesque scene. 
 Then, more than one hundred vessels, which graced the harbor, 
 the various modes of embarking the troops, the/eus de joie which rung 
 in every direction, filled every spectator with delight. It was a scene 
 worthy of the pencil of Volney. 
 
 END OF THE CELEBRATION AT YORK. 
 
 Let us close the celebration at York. But we cannot do it, without 
 stating how admirably the whole affair has gone off. It baffles all de- 
 scription It seemed a sort of enchantment to many of those who 
 witnessed it. It far exceeded every expectation. The Committee of 
 Arrangements deserve the thanks of the state for their zeal. More had 
 been effected at so short a notice, and at so distant a theatre, than we 
 had dared to expect. The enthusiasm of the troops and the citizens, 
 which had thrown them in such numbers on the plains of York, will 
 be gratefully remembered by every son of Virginia, who is proud of 
 the Old Dominion. Our greatest gratification was, that so many were 
 gratified who had partaken of our hospitality. '' Have you been sat- 
 isfied ? I will not use a stronger word," observed a Virginian to a 
 most intelligent gentleman of the North, who has figured in the annals 
 of the Revolution. "Satisfied, sir? I am delighted. I have seen 
 some of the celebrations at the North. I will not flatter you ; but I 
 have never been more so. In our large towns, the company has been 
 principally made up of their own population, whose habits are very 
 much alike. Here we have before us, some of the choicest men of our 
 state, men from every part of your state, who could have been drawn 
 to so distant a scene by strong feelings only, and whose feelings, of 
 course, have had full and generous play. We have, of course, a 
 greater supply of character, a greater variety of interesting materials. 
 These are the great charms of such an exhibition." 
 
 We must draw this rapid sketch to a conclusion. It is hastily made, 
 to supply the eager curiosity of our readers. It is, of course, neces- 
 sarily very imperfect, and its haste must apologize for its numerous 
 
Visit to Virginia, 37 
 
 omissions. We might fill a large space with the numerous anecdotes 
 we have heard of the deep feelings which La Fayette has inspired. 
 
 Two men, at the mere touch of his right hand, actually fell, and 
 swooned away, on Wednesday morning. Our feelings could not carry 
 us so far; but if we were to give way to the enthusiasm which ani- 
 mated us at Yorktown, we might be suspected of romantic or affected 
 sensibility. We may venture to say, that no one in this city, who 
 shall behold the benevolence of that man's countenance, the dignity 
 of his carriage, and the strong, common sense which runs through all 
 that he says and does, but must be delighted at his coming among us. 
 To the hospitable citizens of Yorktown, the warmest gratitude is due. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ARCHES, OBELISKS, AND PAINTINGS. 
 
 The triumphal, or grand civic arch at Yorktown, is erected on the 
 Point rock, in honor of La Fayette, at the situation which he stormed, 
 and succeeded in taking, on the i8th of October, 1781. 
 
 This arch is forty feet in front, containing a basement story of rusti- 
 cated work. The arch springs to the height of twenty-four feet ; the 
 abutments of the arch are ornamented with the figures of Fame and 
 Victory, over the keystones, which are thirteen in number, on which 
 is placed a star on each, to denote the thirteen original states. The 
 wings on each side have the representation of niches. Those in the 
 basement story have the fasces (an emblem of unity), with helmets, 
 battle axes, &c., and other implements of war. Those above, contain 
 the statue of Liberty trampling on Tyranny, and the figure of Justice, 
 over which are placed the names of Laurens and Hamilton, aids to 
 La Fayette at the time of his storming the redoubt. 
 
 The whole building is surmounted by an entablature, forty feet from 
 the ground, which is supported by four pilasters, of the Tuscan order, 
 an attic flight of steps in the centre, upon which rests an eagle of five 
 or SIX feet in height, supporting a large civic wreath, after the manner 
 of the one at St. Stephen's chapel, at Rome. The eagle is cut out of 
 wood, and painted in imitation of white marble. The whole front is 
 painted of a light brown-stone color. The pilasters, entablature, 
 figures, and other ornaments are painted to resemble white marble. 
 The harmony and contrast thus produced, present a pleasing effect 
 upon the eye. The uncommon beauty of the scenery, which is beyond 
 description, forms a grand whole, rare or seldom ever to be met with. 
 There are also two obelisks erected, one at the spot which was stormed 
 by Viomenil. On each side of the pedestal, are the names of Viome- 
 
38 General La Fayette's 
 
 nil, Dumat, Dupont and De Noailles, with appropriate ornaments 
 (placed on the top of each pedastal), consisting of Fame, Valor, Pru- 
 dence, Victory, and emblems of elegance and taste. 
 
 The other obelisk is pla-^ed on the spot where the sword of Corn- 
 wallis was surrendered. On the side of the pedestal fronting the north, 
 is the name of Washington ; to the west, is inscribed, " First in War ; " 
 to the south, '* First in Peace ; " and to the east, '* First in the Hearts 
 of his Countrymen." Over each of these inscriptions are small 
 figures, cut out of wood, and painted to imitate stone. Over Wash- 
 ington, that of History, leaning on his bust ; the figures of War, Peace, 
 and Agriculture. On the shaft of the obelisk, is inscribed the names of 
 Nelson, Rochambcau, St. Simon, and De Grasse. 
 
 The obelisks arc twenty-six feet in height, and are surmounted by a 
 fasces and battle-cixe of ten feet. The obelisks and ornaments are 
 painted to resemble stone. 
 
 On the evening <;f the arrival of General La Fayette, a large transpar- 
 ency was exhibited, emblematical of the Evening Star, forming a light, 
 airy figure, which holds a motto over her head, of "Long live La 
 Fayette: " and beneath we read, "Welcome to a nation's gratitude." 
 
 On the evening of the 19th of October, other transparencies 
 were exhibited. Two under the marquee — one representing two chil- 
 dren, or cherubs, supporting a bust of Washington, with History 
 recording on a column, the name of Washington and the Fourth of 
 July, 1776; the other, an angel, supporting a child, and pointing to 
 the motto, " Where liberty dwells, there is my country." 
 
 Two other large transparencies — one representing the Goddess of 
 Liberty, who is showing a boy the words, " 19th of October, 1781, and 
 the names of Washington, La Fayette, and Nelson ; " at her feet, is a 
 small child playing with and regarding a crown as a toy. The other, 
 placed with the fireworks, represents a female decorating the portrait 
 of La Fayette as he appeared in 1781, said to be a good likeness of 
 him as he was at that day. All the figures are upon the scale of life. 
 The painting of the transparencies, with the designs and decorations 
 of the arch and obelisks, were under the direction and executed by 
 Mr. J. Warrell, assisted by Mr. Swain, who was the architect. Mr. 
 Warrell's pencil, on this occasion, considering the very short time in 
 which it was employed, has worked wonders. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 39 
 
 OFFICERS IN COMMAND AT YORK. 
 
 Commander-in-Chief. — Major-General Robert B. Taylor. 
 
 Brigade Commanders. — Brigadier-General .John H. Cocke, Brigadier-General 
 William H. Brodnax. 
 
 Division Inspector. — Colonel Albert Allmand. 
 
 Brigade Inspectors. — Major D. C. Butts, Colonel William Boiling. 
 
 Adjutant General. — Major Lomax. 
 
 Assistant Adjutant-General. — J. B. Taylor. • 
 
 Division Quartermaster. — Major James Hunter. 
 
 Brigade Quartermaster. — Captain John Y. Mason. 
 
 Colonels. — Robert Gamble, James R. Nimmo, J. B. Harvie. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonels. — Walter T. Cocke, John G. Joynes, Catesby Jones. 
 
 Majors. — W. C. Holt, William K. Perrin, .James Magruder, .John Goodall, and 
 John E. Parham. 
 
 Aids. — E. H. Lundy, John Myers, and Captain Thomas Leigh. 
 
 Secretary. — George C. Dromgoole, Esq. 
 
 TROOPS ARE AS FOLLOWS : 
 
 United States troops, five hundred all told, commanded by Colonel Eustis and 
 Major Fanning. 
 
 Richmond Companies. — Richmond La Fayette Artillery, commanded by Lieuten- 
 ant Richardson ; Light Infantry Blues, Captain Murphy ; Rifle Rangers, Cap- 
 tain Brooke ; Fayette Guards (cavalry). Captain Nelson. 
 
 Norfolk Companies. — Independent, Captain Capron ; Juni':r Volunteers, Captain 
 Gibbons. 
 
 Portsmouth Companies. — Rifle Company, Captain Young; Portsmouth Artillery, 
 Captain Cooke. 
 
 Hampton Company. — Fayette Corps (infantry). Captain Westwood. 
 
 Suffolk Company. — Columbians, Captain Charlton. 
 
 Petersburg Companies.— lAght Infantry, Captain JIcRae ; Troop of Cavalry, 
 Captain Pegram ; Independent Volunteers, Captain H;:nderson. 
 
 Fredericksburg company. Captain Crutchfield. 
 
 Williamsburg troop of cavalry, Captain McCandlish. 
 
 New Kent and Charles City troop of cavalry, Captain Christian. 
 
 LA Fayette's quarter-guard at york. 
 
 General La Fayette was honored with a quarter-guard at York, composed 
 entirely of oflacers. The following are the names of the oflicers and men of the 
 guard : 
 
 Colonel Richard Graves, captain; Colonel William Starke, first lieutenant; 
 Colonel William Lambert, second lieutenant; Captain Charles H. Hyde, third 
 lieutenant ; Major Jesse Snead, first sergeant ; Captain William L. White, second 
 sergeant; Captain George P. Richardson, third sergeant; Captain Bartholomew 
 Graves, fourth sergeant ; Lieutenant Samuel H. Myers, first corporal. Privates: 
 
40 General La Fayette's 
 
 Major William Ratcliffe, Captain William B. Bailey, Captain Miller, Captain 
 William K. Clopton, Captain W. W. Graves, Lieutenant Thomas Macon, Lieu- 
 tenant Thomas Hilliard, Ensign George W. Morris, Ensign Hockaday, Major G. 
 W. Cole, Captain A. McRae, Captain Daniel Cheatham, Lieutenant Nelson Cary, 
 Colonel J. P. Burton, Captain Samuel Bockius, Captain R. L. Staples, Lieutenant 
 Richard Dabney, Captain Goddin, Captain Walthum, Lieutenant L. Wercq, 
 Ensign James Southgate, Ensign R. C. Nicholas, Ensign G. A. Myers, Colonel G. 
 W. Biussett, Captain Thomas Nelson, Captain G. Turner, Lieutenant Elisha 
 White, Colonel Benjamin Anderson, Captain Joseph S. Watkins, and Colout;! W. 
 A. Christiati. 
 
 A List of the General Officers in the Revolutionary Army in 1781, 
 
 AGREEABLE TO RANK. 
 
 George Washington, Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Major Generals. 
 
 Israel Putnam Connecticut. 
 
 Charles Lee Virginia. 
 
 Horatio Gates Virginia. 
 
 W'illiam Heath Massachusetts. 
 
 Nathaniel Green Rhode Island. 
 
 William Alexander (Earl of Stirling) Jersey. 
 
 Arthur St. Clair Pennsylvania. 
 
 Benjamin Lincoln Massachusetts. 
 
 Marquis De La Fayette France. 
 
 Baron De Kalb France. 
 
 Robert Howe North Carolina. 
 
 Alexander McDougal New York. 
 
 Baron Steuben. Prussia. 
 
 William Smallwood Maryland. 
 
 Samuel Parsons Connecticut. 
 
 Henry Knox Massachusetts. 
 
 Duportaile, of engineers France. 
 
 Brigadier Generals. 
 
 William Thompson Virginia. 
 
 John Nixon Massachusetts. 
 
 James Clinton New York. 
 
 William Moultrie South Carolina. 
 
 Laughlin M'Intosh North Carolina. 
 
 William Maxwell Jersey. 
 
 Enoch Power New Hampshire. 
 
 John Glover Massachusetts. 
 
 John Pattei-son Connecticut. 
 
 Anthony Wayne Pennsylvania. 
 
 William Woodford Virginia. 
 
 Peter Muhlenburg Virginia. 
 
 •Edward Hand Pennsylvania. 
 
 Jedekiah Huntington Connecticut. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 41 
 
 John Starke New Hampshire. 
 
 Mordecai Gist Maryland. 
 
 William Ervin Pennsylvania. 
 
 Promoted after that period: 
 
 Daniel Morgan Virginia. 
 
 General Sumpter South Carolina. 
 
 General Marion South Carolina. 
 
 Joseph Greaton .' Massachusetts. 
 
 Junius Putnam Massachusetts. 
 
 Otho Williams Maryland. 
 
 REFLECTIONS ON THE CELEBRATION AT YORK. 
 
 There were some features in the celebration at York, which were 
 calculated to attract the attention of every observer. When General 
 La Fayette landed on the platform, there was not one huzzah, one 
 cheer, a single sound of exultation or respect. A profound silence 
 reigned through the whole assembly. He was introduced to the Gov- 
 ernor, the Council, the Revolutionary officers, and other citizens. 
 Some time elapsed before he passed through the lines, and mounted his 
 barouche; yet not one cheer burst from the lips of one individual. All 
 seemed absorbed in the solemnity and pathos of the scene before 
 them. What nobler compliment could have been paid to him ? Nor 
 was it until the cavalcade set out, that the shout of joy was raised, at 
 the instance of one of the marshals of the day. The affecting exhi- 
 bitions of the public feeling, were not confined to the hoary heroes of 
 the Revolution. The delicious tears of sensibility were shed by all 
 descriptions of persons, by both sexes, and by every age. We saw 
 men, of the highest character in the state, dissolved in tears; judges 
 and generals, " albeit unused to the melting mood," almost blubber- 
 ing like children. 
 
 Of the various scenes exhibited, the landing was certainly the finest. 
 The review was splendid, the reception under the rock redoubt was pa- 
 thetic, the salutation of the General, by an amphitheatre of i,ooo 
 ladies, was charming; but, next to the landing, the military breakfast of 
 the 2oth, and the previous gratulations of the whole military corps, 
 were the most touching. To see General La Fayette, the man who 
 is now reading his history in a " nation's eyes," partaking of a sol- 
 dier's fare, with the volunteers of Virginia, under the tent of Wash- 
 ington, stretched upon the plains of Yorktown, was one of those spec- 
 tacles which we are not allowed to witness in half a century. 
 
 In fine, take the celebration at Yorktown, in whatever attitude you 
 will, and it is one of those high-wrought and noble exhibitions, which 
 no man would willingly miss, and none can ever forget. 
 
 6 
 
42 General La Fayette's 
 
 LA FAYETTE IN THE TENT OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 I will rest in the war-house that sheltered the form 
 Of my hero, my friend, and his countr}''s preserver ; 
 
 That guarded his care-stricken head from the storm — 
 That caught the warm sights of the patriot's fervor. 
 
 I will count, by the threads that I find in the woof, 
 The throbs in his head and his heart that were beating, 
 
 While his thoughts were, when midnight enshrouded its roof. 
 Retrieving defeat, or a victory greeting. 
 
 I will sleep in the home of the soldier, and view. 
 
 In my dreams, his achievements, unequalled in story ; 
 
 My visions, the hopes of my youth shall renew. 
 Till I wake to the real fruition of glory. 
 
 GENERAL LA FAYETTE's MOVEMENTS RECEPTION AT WILLIAMSBURG. 
 
 After dining at York, he sat out at 2 o'clock, Wednesday afternoon, 
 in his barouche, attended by his suite, and others in carriages. He 
 was attended to Williamsburg by tne Governor and Council, the Chief 
 Justice, the Secretary of War, Major-General Taylor and his aids, 
 Brigadier-General Cocke and staff. Judge Brooke, Colonel Bassett, 
 General Macomb, General Jones, of Washington ; Captain Elliott, 
 Colonel Roberdeau, and escorted by a battalion, under Major Butts. 
 He arrived at Williamsburg at 6 o'clock, amidst merry peals of bells 
 and the congratulations of its citizens. He was conducted to the res- 
 idence of Mrs. Mary Monroe Peachy, which had been volunteered for 
 his accommodation by that patriotic lady, where he was received by 
 the Mayor and civil authorities, with an eloquent address, delivered 
 by Mr. Robert Anderson, to which he made a neat and appropriate 
 address, as follows : 
 
 THE general's ADDRESS. 
 
 "Your affectionate welcome, and the honorable expressions of 
 your esteem, are the more gratifying to me, as I remember my old 
 personal obligation to this seminary, the parent of so many enlight- 
 ened patriots who have illustrated the Virginian name. Here, sir, 
 were formed, in great part, the generous minds whose early resolutions 
 came forth in support of their heroic Boston brethren, and encouraged 
 the immortal Declaration of Independence, so much indebted, itself, to 
 an illustrious Virginian pen. Those, and many other recollections, such 
 as the efforts made by a colonial assembly of Virginia, in times still 
 more remote, to obtain from the British Government the abolition of 
 
Visit to Virginia. 43 
 
 the slave trade, inspire a great respect for the college, where such sen- 
 timents have been cherished. I am sensible of the honor conferred 
 on me by the adoption you have been pleased so kindly to announce, 
 and I beg you, sir, and the other gentlemen of the college, to accept 
 my most grateful thanks." 
 
 After visiting our college, and going to pay his respects to Mrs. Page, 
 the widow of the late Governor Page, he sat down to dinner at the 
 Raleigh Tavern, at which Colonel Bassett presided, assisted by J. A. 
 Smith and Ro. McCandlish, as vice-presidents, at which there were 
 many distinguished gentlemen — the Governor and Council, Chief- 
 Justice Marshall, John C. Calhoun, Generals Taylor, Macomb, Jones, 
 Brodnax, and Carrington, with their suites ; Captain Elliott, of the 
 navy; Colonels Peyton, Harvie, Mercer, George Hay, Major Gibbon, 
 John Tyler, Dr. S. S. Griffin, Dr. S. Cotton, William T. Gait, Judge 
 Brooke, Robert G. Scott, Dr. John A. Smith, Captain Ro. Mc- 
 Candlish, and others. 
 
 On Friday morning, the General left Williamsburg, at lo o'clock, for 
 Jamestown, where the steamboat Petersburg, with two navy barges, 
 under the command of Captain Morgan, awaited him. He was met 
 at Jamestown by a deputation from Norfolk, consisting of L. W. 
 Tazewell, Thomas Newton, George Loyall, Walter Herron, B. Pollard, 
 William B. Lamb, Esqs., and Dr. R. B. Starke, and was conducted on 
 board, where a sumptuous collation was served. The effect of his 
 reception on board, was enlivened by the fine band of the United 
 States ship North Carolina. 
 
 GENERAL LA FAYETTE's RECEPTION AT NORFOLK. 
 
 Norfolk, Monday, October 2jth. The man whom the people delight 
 to honor, who is the joy of all tongues, is now among us, receiving 
 from the good citizens of Norfolk every testimony of affection and 
 respect which the most enthusiastic emotions of gratitude can suggest. 
 Though not equalling the grandeur and magnificence which have char, 
 acterized his receptions in the wealthier cities which he has passed, we 
 may congratulate ourselves that in Norfolk the nation's guest has re- 
 ceived a ' ' welcome ' ' not less cordial and respectful, nor, we will venture 
 to add, less gratifying, to him. Arrangements were made for receiving 
 him at 4 o'clock on Friday afternoon, and the ferry stairs was desig- 
 nated as the place of landing, where a flag-staff, bearing aloft the Amer- 
 ican ensign, was erected, and two pieces of artillery stationed, under 
 the direction of Captain George Ott, to fire a salute as the General 
 
44 General La Fayette's 
 
 landed. The two volunteer companies of Norfolk — the Independents, 
 Captain Capron ; and the Juniors, Captain Gibbons — and the two from 
 Portsmouth — the excellent Rifle Corps, commanded by Captain 
 Young; and the Portsmouth Grays, Captain Langhorne — formed a 
 line along the left side of the avenue through which he was to pass, 
 and a line, composed of the corporate societies of the borough, and cit 
 zens generally, was formed on the opposite side, extending from the 
 wharf, up Market square, to the corner of Main street, where a hand- 
 some civic arch had been erected. The whole area of the Market 
 square was kept clear by the vigilance of the marshals; on the foot- 
 ways, however, the throng was very great. Along the footway on 
 Main street, fronting Market square, were ranged, in handsome order, 
 the children of the numerous schools — male and female — and those 
 of the Female Orphan Asylum. 
 
 At the arch, was stationed the corporate authorities of the borough, 
 the reverend clergy of all denominations, and the gentlemen of the 
 profession of law and physic. The whole of Market square presented 
 a truly animated picture. In addition to the great number of our 
 population, ranged along the sides of Market square, and in Main 
 street, every window within view, and the tops of several of the houses, 
 were crowded with ladies, who, although not equalling in number those 
 which, in similar situations, greeted the arrival of the nation's guest, 
 in the larger cities, might, we think, justly claim the point of beauty. 
 
 At 5 o'clock, a signal-gun announced the approach of the Peters- 
 burg, within sight from the town, and shortly after, a full salute of 
 artillery from the revenue cutter, Monroe, Captain Jones, gave notice 
 that she had arrived at the mouth of the harbor. On nearing the 
 Portsmouth side, the General received a salute from the Portsmouth 
 artillery company, under Captain Cooke, stationed on the hill above 
 the harbor, which was echoed by a similar one from the navy-yard 
 above. The Petersburg, having anchored off the county wharf, an 
 elegant barge, rowing thirteen oars, in which was seated Captain War- 
 rington, of the navy, and George Newton and William Maxwell, Esqs., 
 the committee deputed by the court and common council to receive 
 our guest, put off on her. In ten minutes after, he was landed, with 
 his son, George Washington, and suite, Colonels Peyton and Harvie, 
 (the Governor's aids) who attended him as a commission on the part of 
 the state, the secretary of war, Mr. Calhoun, Major-General Taylor 
 and Brigadier-General Cocke, with their suites ; General Macomb, 
 Colonel Roberdeau, General Jones, and other distinguished person- 
 ages, under a salute from the artillery at the flag-staff, and proceeded 
 
Visit to Virginia. 45 
 
 through the avenue formed by the parallel ' lines of citizens and mili- 
 tary, to the arch, where he was received by the mayor, John E. Holt, 
 Esq., who delivered an appropriate and handsome address, to which 
 the General replied in a manner expressive of the finest feelings and 
 the best sentiments ; after which, the General was handed to the car- 
 riage, which was in waiting to receive him, and, seated with the mayor 
 and committee, proceeded on up Main street, followed by other car- 
 riages containing the gentlemen accompanying him, to the elegant 
 apartments prepared for him at Mrs. Hansford's boarding house. As 
 the General passed up Market square, after landing, the line of volun- 
 teers successively wheeled in, by platoons, and followed ; and as he 
 proceeded up Main street, after leaving the arch, the Marine and Me- 
 chanic societies, and citizens generally, wheeled, six deep, after the 
 volunteers had passed, and formed in procession. On arriving at his 
 quarters, the General, his suite, and company attending, alighted and 
 went in. As the procession of military and citizens came opposite, it 
 halted and wheeled into line, facing the General's quarters, and leav- 
 ing a space large enough for another procession, of a most interesting 
 description, to pass in review before our paternal guest; this consisted 
 of the children of the different schools, the little girls, all neatly 
 dressed, being in front. While the General reviewed them, and 
 passed down the line, there were huzzas and waving of hats, but gen- 
 erally the citizens preferred the more silent, and, we think, the more 
 expressive, mode of showing their respect, by uncovering their heads 
 while he was passing them. Never did we see joy and gladness so 
 visibly depicted in the human countenance, as they were in the face of 
 every individual in the vast concourse which attended this interesting 
 scene. 
 
 At night the town was brilliantly illuminated. Main street was one 
 continuous blaze of light throughout, and scarcely a house in any part 
 of the town was dark. Some of the houses showed great taste in the 
 arrangement of lights, and also in the transparencies, devices, and 
 mottoes. The seat of Walter Herron, Esq., at the head of Fenchurch 
 street, remote as it was from the more populous part ot the town, 
 attracted crowds of company to view it, by the splendor and taste 
 with which it was illuminated. There were many others, also, worthy 
 of notice, among which Lyford's commercial reading-room and dwell- 
 ing above, Mr. J. T. Allyn's, Mr. C. Hall's, and Mr. John Johnson's, 
 were the most, conspicuous. The Masonic lodge deserves particular 
 notice. Its transparencies and mottoes were splendid, and exceedingly 
 happy in conception. Our guest, accompanied by a few friends, took 
 
46 General La Fayette's 
 
 the rounds at 8 o'clock, and expressed much gratification at the joyous 
 scene. The streets were thronged with gay company, and everything 
 seemed to bespeak the utmost good humor and good feeling. In his 
 circuit, he paid a visit to the lodge, where he was received with 
 becoming respect. 
 
 Our sister town of Portsmouth vied with us in the brilliancy of her 
 illumination. The town exhibited a blaze of joy. Forty-two bonfires 
 illuminated the shore in front of the town, and produced a splendid 
 effect. 
 
 On Saturday, the General received visits from the ladies and gentle- 
 men. At 12 o'clock, he was waited on by a committee of the Norfolk 
 Benevolent Mechanic Society, when an address was delivered by Mr. 
 John McPhail (one of the committee), expressive of the warmest feel- 
 ings of love, veneration, and gratitude. The General's reply was 
 extremely affectionate, and full of the pure feelings of benevolence 
 which beamed in his eye, and animated his countenance. 
 
 In the afternoon, he was conducted to a civic banquet, ordered by 
 the citizens of Norfolk, and prepared by Mrs. Davis, at the Exchange. 
 The number who sat down with him was about 300, among whom were 
 a number of invited guests, comprehending all those who accompanied 
 him from Jamestown, the mayor and the corporate authorities, &c. 
 The mayor, John E. Holt, Esq., presided, supported by the members 
 of the Select and General Committees. The entertainment was truly 
 splendid, and gave the most perfect satisfaction to all who partook of 
 it. The tables were highly ornamented, and everything was arranged 
 with the utmost taste and elegance. The room was fancifully deco- 
 rated with flags, paintings, transparencies, &c.; all tastefully dressed 
 with evergreens, and exhibiting in the tout ensemble a brilliant and 
 animating scene. 
 
 At 8 o'clock, the General retired, and passed the evening at the 
 house of General Taylor, where he supped, with a numerous company. 
 On Sunday, the General attended divine service at Christ church, 
 whither he was conducted from his lodgings by the brethren of the 
 different lodges, forming the largest Masonic procession Norfolk has 
 ever witnessed. The Rev. Mr. Wilmer, from Alexandria, officiated, 
 and delivered a discourse expressly adapted to the occasion of General 
 La Fayette's visit to the United States. The reverend gentleman was 
 extremely happy in the manner and matter of his discourse. 
 
 From the church, the General was escorted back to his lodgings by 
 the Masonic procession, and at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, left on a 
 visit to Fortress Monroe, to return on to-morrow at 10 o'clock. He 
 
Visit to Virginia. 47 
 
 will then visit Portsmouth and the navy-yard, and in the evening at- 
 tend the ball with which the citizens intend to honor him, and at lo 
 o'clock leave us, on his way to Richmond, in the steamboat Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 TOASTS DRANK AT THE CIVIC DINNER, GIVEN IN HONOR OF GENERAL 
 LA FAYETTE, AT THE EXCHANGE. 
 
 1. The memory of Washington : The Father of our Country. 
 
 2. General La Fayette : The disciple of Washington, the friend of 
 the United States, and the votary of freedom. 
 
 The General arose, and after a short, appropriate address, gave the 
 following : 
 
 Norfolk : And may her former sufferings be more and more rewarded 
 by the prosperity which her happy situation warrants her friends to 
 anticipate. ' 
 
 3. The old Continental Congress : The founders of a new nation. 
 
 4. The Officers and Soldiers of the Revolutionary war, dead and 
 living : The dead are living in our hearts, and the living shall never 
 be dead. 
 
 5. The United States of America: Free, sovereign, and indepen- 
 dent. 
 
 6. The President and Congress of the United States : The true in- 
 terpreters and faithful ministers of the people's will. 
 
 7. The Judiciary of the United States : The wise and independent 
 guardians of the people's liberty. 
 
 8. The Army and Navy of the United States : The gallant and vic- 
 torious defenders of our nation's rights and honor. 
 
 9. The Agriculture, Commerce, Manufactures, Arts and Sciences, of 
 the United States: The sinews of our nation's wealth, happiness, and 
 glory. 
 
 10. The Siege and Victory of York : An epoch in the annals of 
 history. 
 
 11. The Young Republics of South America : New stars in the con- 
 stellation of free states. 
 
 12. Greece: Herself again. 
 
 13. The cause of Liberty throughout the world : It is great, and 
 must prevail. 
 
 VOLUNTEER TOASTS. 
 
 By the Secretary of War : The Chesapeake Bay — On her shore our 
 settlement first commenced, and the struggle of the Revolution termi- 
 
48 General La'^Fayette's 
 
 nated. May she never again be profaned by the presence of a hostile 
 fleet. 
 
 By Colonel McLane : The gallant defenders of Craney Island. 
 By Miles King, Esq. : The family at La Grange — Those who are dear 
 to our friends, will ever be dear to us. 
 
 By General C. F. Mercer : Public virtue and her sons, Washing- 
 ton, La Fayette, and Bolivar. 
 
 By Henry St. George Tucker, Esq. : The spirit of civil liberty, 
 which unites, as a band of brothers, those who are separated by lan- 
 guage, religion, and country. 
 
 By General J. Mason : Public gratitude — The manner in which 
 the great benefactor of this people is everywhere received, will assure 
 the future generations of our country, of the value we set on our rights 
 and liberties, and stimulate their efiforts to transmit them, unimpaired, 
 to the latest posterity. 
 
 By Colonel J. B. Preston : The gems presented by the genius of 
 Norfolk to General La Fayette — may they be found decorating none 
 but the bosoms of the brave. 
 
 By General Macomb : Kosciusko — In revering the living defenders 
 of liberty, let us not forget the dead. 
 
 By Colonel Eustis : Virginia's jewels — the living Gracchi, Jeffer- 
 son, Madison, and Monroe. 
 
 By Mr. J. B. Moussier: The State of Virginia — placed in the centre 
 of the Union, she forms the heart of it ; the pages of history are 
 adorned by the names of her statesmen and heroes. 
 
 By Thomas Newton, Esq. : Knowledge, the aegis of freemen. 
 
 By John Cowper, Esq. : The next President, the President of the 
 people. 
 
 By Dr. R. Archer: Patriotism and Philanthropy — When combined 
 in the same individual, he may be justly styled the noblest work of 
 God. 
 
 By Mr. P. J. Cohen : The memory of our first friend and ally, 
 Louis XVI. 
 
 By Everard Hale, Esq. : La Fayette, the noble of nature, among 
 other nobles, a star of the first magnitude. 
 
 By Mr. J. McPhail : Thomas Newton, our worthy representative, 
 the firm and consistent patriot. 
 
 By Mr. Bernard Mulhollan : Major General Richard Montgomery, 
 a son of Erin, who nobly fell in the cause of liberty and of American 
 independence. 
 
 By Dr. Richard Kennon : The memory of Lieutenant W. H. Cocke, 
 
Visit to Virginia. 49 
 
 who was sacrificed at Porto Rico — the officer, the seaman, and the 
 gentleman. 
 
 By J. A, Chandler, Esq. : 
 
 "Let the brave ne'er despair, for tho' myriads oppose, 
 The arm moved by freedom shall conquer all foes." 
 
 The following toast was given by one of the company : 
 George Washington La Fayette : Worthy of both his names. 
 M. La Fayette then arose and tendered his thanks for the honor 
 done him, in a brief, but very handsome speech. 
 
 THE RECEPTION IN RICHMOND. 
 
 Every preparation is making to receive him to-day (Tuesday, Octo- 
 ber 26, 1824), in the metropolis of the state. He and his suite will 
 land at Osborne's, about nine miles from the lines of the city, and 
 will be escorted by four of the committee of arrangements, and the 
 Fayette Guards. At the edge of the city, the procession will be 
 formed, march up E street to Fifth, into H street, until it arrives at 
 the City Hall, where the General will be welcomed and addressed by 
 the constituted authorities of the city. He will then be conducted 
 through the triumphal arch, at the northern gate, into the Public 
 Square, where he will be introduced to the Revolutionary officers, 
 ladies, and citizens; thence into H street, to review the troops; after 
 which the procession will follow him to the Eagle Hotel, where his 
 headquarters are to be established. 
 
 We expect to witness a scene of the greatest interest and joy. The 
 Public Square is embellished with four triumphal arches, two obelisks, 
 the Richmond marquee, and the tent of Washington, which were last 
 evening pitched by the Revolutionary officers, and, by a happy arrange- 
 ment, are to be guarded by the Junior Volunteers. The whole city is 
 already animated by the hum of the moving multitude. Hundreds 
 and thousands of our fellow-citizens, of all ages and both sexes, are 
 pouring in to hail the " nation's guest." The officers of the Revolu- 
 tionary army, to the number of twenty-five or thirty, have already ar- 
 rived, and are quartered with him at the Eagle, conspicuous for their 
 years and conspicuous for * their services. Let us all make him wel- 
 come. No other man in the universe could have called forth such 
 joyous testimonies of a nation's love. Ages may pass away before 
 such another occasion may occur. 
 
 ORDER OF THE DAY. 
 
 The Fayette Artillery will occupy the hill overlooking Rocketts and 
 
 Main street. So soon as the approach of General La Fayette is 
 
 7 
 
50 General La Fayette's 
 
 observed a signal-gun will be fired by the artillery, which will be 
 answered by another from the Capitol Square. Immediately after the 
 signal-guns are heard, the streets will be cleared of carriages, wagons, 
 drays, &:c. All persons desirous of seeing the procession, will occupy 
 such places as they may think proper. The artillery will then fire a 
 Federal salute from their station, on Craddock's Hill, and take their 
 position in the procession. On their arrival at the Capitol Square, 
 and after he has been received in the City Hall by the civil authori- 
 ties, they will fire another salute of fifteen guns. 
 
 ORDER OF PROCESSION 
 
 to be observed on the day on which General La Fayette shall be re- 
 ceived in this city .- 
 
 The Mayor and Court of Hustings, the President and members of 
 Common Council of the city, escorted by the troop of cavalry, will 
 meet General La Fayette on the turnpike road near the Powhatan 
 warehouse, where he will be saluted by an address from the Mayor, and 
 conducted to the intersection of E, Rocketts, and Twenty-seventh 
 streets, which point will form the right of the procession, extending 
 westwardly. The march of the procession will be by E street to Fifth 
 street, thence pursuing Fifth street to H street, thence down H to the 
 City Hall. 
 
 1. The La Fayette Guards will form the advance of the whole, by 
 fours. 
 
 2. The members of the Court of Hustings and Common Council on 
 horseback, by fours. 
 
 3. Major-General La Fayette in barouche. 
 
 4. The carriage for the General's suite. 
 
 5. The members of the Cincinnati Society and other officers of the 
 Revolutionary army, by fours. 
 
 6. The Governor and members of the Executive Council. 
 
 7. The judges of the Court of Appeals and the judges of the Supe- 
 rior Courts of Chancery and Law. 
 
 8. The clergy of every denomination of religion. 
 
 9. Major-General Taylor and his aids-de-camp. 
 
 10. Brigadier Generals and their aids. 
 
 11. Adjutant General and the general staff of the Major and Brig- 
 adier Generals. 
 
 12. The Treasurer, two Auditors, Register, Attorney General of the 
 State and of the United States, the Presidents and Cashiers of the 
 banks, the Marshal and Clerk of the Federal Court. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 51 
 
 13. The officers who may appear in uniform of the United States 
 army, and of the militia, either from the city regiment or from any 
 other regiment, by fours. 
 
 14. Fayette Artillery. 
 
 15. Richmond Light Infantry Blues. 
 
 16. Rifle Rangers. 
 
 17. Junior Volunteers. 
 
 18. Morgan Legion. 
 
 19. The citizens and strangers who are on foot. 
 
 20. The citizens and strangers in carriages. 
 
 21. The same on horseback. 
 
 22. Captain Boiling's company of State Guards will bring up the 
 rear. 
 
 Colonel Harvie is appointed chief marshal, and in his absence 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Lambert will supply his place. 
 
 Assistant Marshals: Colonel Lambert, Major Carrington, Quarter- 
 master Judah, Captain Hyde, Captain Richardson, Captain Walthall, 
 Captain James, Lieutenant Myers, and Lieutenant Prentiss. 
 
 LA FAYETTE IN RICHMOND. 
 
 The reception of the nation's guest in Richmond has called forth 
 those deep-toned sentiments of gratitude and joy which he has every- 
 where inspired. His presence seems to operate as a spell. All regular 
 business is suspended, crowds rush from all parts to see him, and the 
 most rapturous welcomes burst from every lip. 
 
 At II o'clock on Monday night, he took leave of Norfolk, and 
 embarked with his numerous suite on board the steamboat Petersburg 
 for this city. He was expected to arrive here about 2 o'clock, and 
 every preparation was made to receive him in form. But the morning 
 was very inclement, and the Mayor determined to suspend the proces- 
 sion until the following day. At an early hour in the morning, how- 
 ever, four gentlemen of the Committee of Arrangements proceeded in 
 carriages to Osborne's, where it was intended that he should be escorted 
 to Richmond ; but when the steamboat hove in sight, about 12 o'clock, 
 at the intended point of landing, and the committee had gone aboard 
 and communicated with the General, it was determined to send the 
 carriages back to Rocketts, and to conduct the General to that point 
 by steamboat. About 2 o'clock the boat reached the wharf at Rock- 
 etts, and notwithstanding the procession had been in the meanwhile 
 put off until the following day, yet, so intense was the anxiety of our 
 citizens to see him, that the wharves and the heights were filled by 
 
52 General La Fayette's 
 
 eager spectators, on foot and on horseback. The volunteer troops 
 had turned out to honor him. Every imaginable respect was paid 
 him on landing, and he was conducted to his carriage amid the cheer- 
 ing of an immense multitude. The procession set out with an escort 
 of the Fayette Guards in front ; next, the barouche with General La 
 Fayette, Secretary Calhoun, and two members of the Committee of 
 Arrangements ; next, the other carriage, drawn by four elegant grays, 
 with Mr. G. W. La Fayette, the secretary, Mr. Le Vasseur, and two 
 other members of the Committee of Arrangements; in the other car- 
 riages were Messrs. Scion and G. Hay, General McComb, General W. 
 Jones and his staff, General Cocke, Commodore Barron, and Captain 
 Elliott of the navy ; Colonel McLane, Colonel Roberdeau of the Engi- 
 neer corps. Captain Mountfort, Major Mercer, and Lieutenant Ring- 
 gold ; Mr. C. F. Mercer, member of the House of Representatives ; 
 Colonels Harvie and Peyton, the Governor's aid, and other gentlemen. 
 
 The procession advanced up E street (or Main), followed by an 
 immense mass of people, who were mounted on horseback or lined the 
 footways. The troop of horse followed behind the carriages, then the 
 Artillery company, the Light Infantry Blues, Rifle Rangers, Junior 
 Volunteers, and the pretty-looking company of small boys dressed in 
 hunting shirts, and styling themselves, the Morgan Legion. 
 
 At the intersection of various cross-streets, carriages were stationed, 
 filled with ladies. The rain had subsided, joy and animation were 
 exhibited in every countenance, and the welkin rang with strains of 
 music and salutes of the artillery. The fair sex expressed their feel- 
 ings, by the waving of their handkerchiefs, as the procession passed 
 every window. When it arrived opposite the Union Hotel, it halted 
 for a moment under the double arch, which was erected at that spot 
 by the citizens of the neighborhood, and was tastefully embellished 
 with a wreath of evergreens. At each of the four basements of this 
 double arch, a young lady was stationed. As soon as the cheering of 
 the immense multitude had ceased, the procession marched on up 
 Main street until it halted at the Eagle Hotel, which had been selected 
 as the quarters of the General, his suite, and all the invited guests, 
 embracing, of course, the officers of the Revolutionary army. Though 
 General La Favette had been conducted to his levee-room, yet the 
 crowd still continued hovering in the streets. Their intense curiosity 
 was not yet satisfied. Many citizens were introduced to La Fayette, 
 but none were so much entitled to a reception, none received a warmer 
 welcome, than his old associates-in-arms. 
 
 The introduction of the Revolutionary officers here, as well as at 
 
Visit to Virginia. 53 
 
 York, was, perhaps, the most interesting and affecting scene to which 
 his visit among us has given rise. These aged and venerable men, 
 amounting to forty in number, were presented to their old companion- 
 in-arms in the spacious and elegant drawing-room appropriated to his 
 use, on Tuesday evening, very soon after his arrival. He received 
 them in the most cordial and affectionate manner, evincing the deepest 
 symyathy with them in their recollection of the hardships and dangers 
 through which they had mutually passed, and the proud results of their 
 joint labors. The old soldiers were themselves variously affected. Some 
 of them saluted him in silence, with the most profound and heart-felt 
 respect. Others welcomed him among us in every expression of sin- 
 cerity and kindness. 
 
 At 5 o'clock, General La Fayette sat down to a dinner, at which his 
 suite, the gentlemen who had attended him from Norfolk, the officers 
 of the Revolution, the officers of the General, State, and City gov- 
 ernments, and the members of the Committee of Arrangements, at- 
 tended. 
 
 Mr. Leigh acted as president of the one table, Dr. John Brocken- 
 brough at the other, assisted by Messrs. Fitzwhylsonn, T. Brocken- 
 brough, R. G. Scott, and W. H. Roane, as vice-presidents ; General 
 La Fayette, the Chief Justice, and Mr. Calhoun at the right of Mr. 
 Leigh, the Governor and Judge Brooke at his left, and on both sides 
 and in front, were stationed the Revolutionary officers. 
 
 The following toasts were given : 
 
 By Mr. Leigh : To the memory of the great and good Washington. 
 The health of our generous friend, our gallant General, our beloved 
 guest and fellow-citizen. 
 
 By General La Fayette : The State of Virginia and the city of Rich- 
 mond — and may their joint share in the prosperity of America be 
 equal to the Virginian's share in the beginning of the Revolutionary 
 struggle, and in the campaign which terminated the contest. 
 
 By Governor Pleasants : The State of Virginia — Her sons and 
 daughters, though last, not least in love to the nation's guest. 
 
 By Chief-Justice Marshall : Ration a l Liber ty — the cause of man-l 
 kind ; its friends cannot despair when they behold its champions. ^ 
 
 By Judge Brooke : The gratitude of a free people to the apostle of 
 liberty in both hemispheres ; it fills the hearts of kings and princes 
 with fear of change. 
 
 By Mr. Calhoun : The cause of '76. We have this day witnessed 
 that age has not diminished the ardor of its defenders ; no art, no 
 power, nor time itself, can deprive the world of their glorious example. 
 
54 General La Fayette's 
 
 By Mr. G. W. La Fayette : The share my countrymen had the honor 
 to have in the decisive battle of Yorktown ; may they, whenever they 
 shall fight for the cause of liberty, be as successful as they were that 
 day. 
 
 By General McComb : The man who has set the example and fol- 
 lowed the precept that " virtue is the only true nobility." 
 
 By Commodore Barron : No dungeon dark, when illumined by the 
 effulgent glory of a virtuous patriot's presence. 
 
 By Colonel Roberdeau : The memory of the heroes who fell in the 
 Revolutionary war. 
 
 By Captain Elliott, of the Navy : The example of this day — may it 
 prove to the rising generation the value of virtue and patriotism. 
 
 By Mr. George Hay : Our national debt of gratitude for Revolu- 
 tionary services — speedy payment. 
 
 By General Cocke : Republican gratitude to public benefactors. 
 It will not pass away like the baseless fabric of a vision. 
 
 By Colonel J. P. Preston : A new colony in America from the 
 family of La Grange. 
 
 By Judge Cabell : The officers and soldiers of the Revolution. Not 
 less gallant than the Greeks who fought at Marathon and Thermopylae, 
 at Micale and Platea. 
 
 By Judge Coalter : The soldiers of the American Revolution. I 
 would agree to die in a remote ditch to have flourished with them, to 
 be a partaker of their glory, and in the eternal gratitude due to them 
 from all mankind. 
 
 By J: A. Chevallie: George W. La Fayette— 7a/w Pater, Talis 
 Filius. 
 
 By Judge Johnson : The hero who flew across the Atlantic to aid us 
 in our struggle for independence, influenced by no interest but that of 
 principle, animated by no motive but that of universal philanthropy. 
 
 By Dr. Brockenbrough : The memory of Kosciusko, a gallant soldier 
 of the Revolution, who carried back to his native land the holy spirit 
 of '76. 
 
 By the Lieutenant Governor: The asserters of human liberty in 
 every age and nation — may they, like La Fayette, live to hear the 
 success of their exertions resounded in the benedictions of free and 
 happy millions. 
 
 By A. L. Botts : The Constitutionalists of Spain — may some kin- 
 dred La Fayette, inspired by his example of generous daring, rise in 
 the Old World, to blow the breath of liberty into a flame, and fight for 
 freedom, for freedom's sake. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 55 
 
 By R. S. Garnett : Honor to those who supported the first, and to 
 those who supported the second, war of our independence. 
 
 By A. Stevenson: The patriots of '76 — Their language was, "We 
 have counted the cost of the contest, and we find nothing so insuffer- 
 able as voluntary slavery." 
 
 By Judge Green : Long life and happiness to the surviving soldiers 
 of the Revolution. 
 
 By Judge Brockenbrough : Bolivar, the Washington of South 
 America. 
 
 By Robert Stanard : The sentiments in which all Americans unite, 
 without distinction of party — gratitude for services inestimable, be- 
 cause without price. 
 
 By John Robertson : The man whose devotion to liberty has well 
 merited the frowns of tyrants and the benedictions of a free people. 
 
 By W. S. Archer : The surviving Major-General of the Revolution. 
 May he not succeed in escaping us as the boy did Cornwallis. 
 
 By Colonel C. F. Mercer : The benefactor who has twice blessed us 
 by deserving and accepting our gratitude. 
 
 By Mr. John Henry : The memory of General Marion. 
 
 By Major Wade Mosby : The memory of Edward Carrington, the 
 stern and inflexible friend of liberty, and supporter of his country. 
 
 By D. M. Randolph : The memory of General Thomas Nelson. 
 His life and character portray the spirit of 1776. 
 
 By Mr. J. H. Eustace : Our republic, and its generous, noble, and 
 worthy guest — perpetual duration to the one, and eternal felicity to the 
 other. 
 
 By General Porterfield : France — May the enlightened people of 
 beautiful France unite in forming a system of government, constituted 
 on the basis of freedom and equality of rights. 
 
 By Mr. Jerman Baker : The Count De Grasse. 
 
 By Captain Thomas Nelson : The memory of Robert Morris, who, 
 from his individual purse, supplied the deficiency in the treasury. 
 
 By Colonel William J. Lewis : Stay was us, La Fayette, stay with us. 
 
 By General Johnson, of North Carolina : Virginia and North Caro. 
 lina — two sisters that can never be separated. 
 
 By Colonel J. Nicholas : The memory of Washington, who still 
 lives in the qualities of La Fayette, and in the hearts and affections of 
 ten millions of his children. 
 
 By Major John Mercer, of Maryland : Our beloved guest, not more 
 illustrious for his public services, than for his private and domestic 
 virtues. 
 
56 General La Fayette's 
 
 By Colonel Harvie : The navy of the United States, its skill and 
 valor equalled only by its generosity and magnanimity. 
 
 By Mr. W. H. Roane : The master-key of the French bastile — We 
 prize it because it was a present from La Fayette to Washington. 
 
 By Mr. R. G. Scott: The memory of General Nathaniel Greene — 
 His virtues and military efforts in defence of our southern country are 
 remembered with the most lively gratitude. 
 
 By Captain Thomas Leigh : General Robert B. Taylor — Let us honor 
 the man who is an honor to the state. 
 
 By Mr. Selden : The memory of the gallant French who so mightily 
 contributed to establish our independence. 
 
 By Lieutenant Ringgold : The Nation's Guest — He, like the Roman 
 Patricians, has taught the despots of Europe that he would not flatter 
 Neptune for his trident, nor Jove for his thunder. 
 
 By Dr. Lyons : General La Fayette — The Virginians who owe him 
 so much for his services in 1781 are now anxious to pay him, with 
 interest. 
 
 By Captain Mountfort : The memory of Patrick Henry. 
 
 By Major Carter Page : The memory of Baron Viomenil, who gal- 
 lantly stormed one of the British redoubts at Yorktown. 
 
 By Mr. James Brown : Gratitude — May Republican Virginia fur- 
 nish one example to the world that such debts are not paid with mere 
 professions. 
 
 By Dr. Monroe : Republican consistency and consistent republican 
 liberty — the polar star that guided through the storms of Revolution. 
 
 By Mr. Bacchus: While we exhibit every outward demonstration of 
 gratitude to our distinguished guest, let us not forget that he enjoys, 
 also, the knowledge that "virtue is its own reward." 
 
 The tributes of respect paid to La Fayette during this entertainment 
 were numerous and affecting. Among other circumstances, a bottle 
 of Malmsey was placed before him by one of his countrymen, which 
 had been made in 1757, the very year in which La Fayette was born. 
 
 The dinner closed at 9 o'clock, when he retired to his room. 
 
 WEDNESDAY, THE 27TH ORDER OF THE DAY. 
 
 The inclemency of the weather, yesterday, having interrupted the 
 arrangements which were designed for the reception of General La 
 Fayette into this city, the procession (as arranged for yesterday) will 
 take place this morning at ii o'clock. 
 
 It will commence at the Eagle Hotel ; the right of the procession 
 
Visit to Virginia. 57 
 
 will be at the hotel, extending westwardly, and march by E street 
 to Fifth ; thence pursuing Fifth street to H ; thence down H to the 
 City Hall, where he will be addressed by the Mayor. 
 
 Thence he will be conducted, by the Committee of Arrangements, 
 under the La Fayette arch, to the Temple of Independence, where he 
 will be addressed by Chief- Justice Marshall, on behalf of the officers 
 of the Revolutionary army. Thence to the marquee, where he will 
 receive the ladies ; thence under the green arch, to the corner of Ninth 
 and H streets, where he will review the troops ; on the conclusion of 
 which ceremonies, he will be conducted to his quarters. 
 
 At 7 o'clock in the evening, the marquee will be opened to citizens 
 of both sexes, where suitable refreshments will be provided. The 
 arches will be illuminated, and, at intervals, fireworks will be exhi- 
 bited. No intoxicated or colored person will be permitted to enter 
 the Square. 
 
 At the conclusion of the fireworks, General La Fayette has con- 
 sented to attend the Theatre. 
 
 At an early hour, the Mayor waited upon the General, at his own 
 quarters, and was privately introduced to him in his rooms. 
 
 In pursuance of the previous arrangement, the procession was 
 formed in front of the Eagle, between ii and 12 o'clock. The crowd 
 collected before the house, was immense. He appeared more than 
 once at the window to gratify their curiosity ; but it was when he 
 mounted his barouche, that the voice of eager congratulation burst 
 from the multitude. The procession marched up E (or Main) street 
 until it reached Fifth street, thence down that street into H (or Broad) 
 street, thence down that until it reached the City Hall, The crowd 
 was very quiet, but the utmost order characterized the whole. Colonel 
 Lambert acted as chief marshal of the day, assisted by other gentle- 
 men in uniform. The ceremony of a public presentation of the Gen- 
 eral to the Mayor, was to take place in the City Hall. The moment 
 had arrived for this purpose, and General La Fayette, with his suite 
 and the Committee of Arrangements, entered the north door of the 
 hall. The gallery was found filled with ladies ; the Mayor alone was 
 seated on the bench. The guests being now also arranged upon the 
 bench, the doors were thrown open, and the area of the Hall was im- 
 mediately filled. On one side of the bench, was placed the portrait 
 of Washington, by Warrell, and on the other, the portrait of La Fay- 
 ette himself, when a young man, by Peticolas. After a short pause, 
 the Mayor, John Adams, Esq., addressed our distinguished guest in 
 the following manner : 
 
68 General La Fayette's 
 
 THE MAYOR S ADDRESS. 
 
 " In approaching General La Fayette, the corporate bodies of the 
 city of Richmond salute a fellow citizen of Virginia, and a brother by 
 adoption ; one whom we have never ceased to love for his exalted vir- 
 tues, to admire for his great military skill and talents, and to venerate 
 with overflowing gratitude for the exercise of that skill and those 
 talents in defence of the lives and fortunes of our fathers, when as- 
 sailed by a devouring enemy — a brother, in whose noble efforts in the 
 support of the cause of national liberty in his native country, we 
 greatly rejoiced, and in whose general prosperity and happiness we 
 have, and shall feel, the most anxious solicitude. 
 
 " By these endearing ties, we welcome the return to our city of our 
 friend and benefactor, after an absence of forty years ;'and, by a feeling 
 not less connected with our warmest affections, we make him twice 
 welcome, as the adopted son and confidential friend of our much-loved 
 and illustrious Washington. 
 
 " In the choice of such gratifications as might be most acceptable 
 to General La Fayette, or which might do most honor to our own feel- 
 ings, we could imagine none more promising of success than the pres- 
 ence of his former companions-in-arms, that ' band of brothers ' by 
 whose toils, privations, and mighty efforts, the fair fabric of this repub- 
 lican government has been reared, and will, we trust, forever stand, on 
 the firm basis of virtue, on which it was erected. These veteran 
 worthies, regardless of distance, age, and infirmity, have cheerfully 
 obeyed the call to meet their much-loved General ; they are assembled, 
 and await his coming with the most ardent aff'ection and with the most 
 youthful impatience. In obedience to their anxious wishes, we should 
 not cause a longer separation ; but, let us detain our guest a moment 
 longer, by off"ering the entreaty, in the name of the citizens of Rich- 
 mond, whom we have the honor to represent on this august occasion, 
 that he will not hasten his departure from our city, and that he will 
 honor us with his company as long as may be consistent with his other 
 engagements." 
 
 General La Fayette made the following reply : 
 
 "My recollections and feelings, so intimaely connected with the 
 State of Virginia and its metropolis, would have sufficed, sir, to render 
 this meeting most gratifying to me ; but your kind and flattering recep- 
 tion, Mr. Mayor, and the gentlemen of both councils, the affectionate 
 
Visit to Virginia. 59 
 
 welcome of the citizens, and the wonderful improvements which I 
 have witnessed in your city, complete my grateful satisfaction. 
 Indeed, sir, my visits to this city have often been eventful moments in 
 my life. In the last one, near forty years ago, I lost here our beloved 
 military chief, my personal friend, the illustrious son of Virginia. 
 Now, you are pleased to announce a meeting with many of my sur- 
 viving companions-in-arms ; and while I hasten to follow you, Mr. 
 Mayor, to the place of the happy rendezvous, I beg you and the gen- 
 tlemen of both councils, to receive my most respectful and devoted 
 acknowledgments to the citizens of Richmond and their honored 
 representatives." 
 
 A solemn silence reigned throughout the assembly, but the address 
 could not be distinctly heard. The Mayor spoke witn great sensibility, 
 and the General in a low tone of voice. This ceremony over, the 
 General was conducted to the south portico, where many hoary vete- 
 rans, and one or two countrymen of his own, shook him by the hand. 
 
 A line was formed, and he wae conducted through the north gate of 
 the Capitol Square under the La Fayette arch to the central arch, the 
 interior of which bore the inscription of the " Temple of Indepen- 
 dence." Here stood an ornamental quadrangular pedestal, on the 
 top of which, it was intended to place the marble bust of La Fayette, 
 in the Capitol. Around the pedestal were arranged the old officers of 
 the Revolutionary army, many distinguished officers of the army and 
 navy of the United States, and private citizens. The Chief Justice of 
 the United States, John Marshall, stood ready to receive him, and 
 addressed him in the following terms : «»^ 
 
 ^^ General : The surviving officers of the Revolutionary army, who 
 are inhabitants of the State of Virginia, welcome you to her metropolis, 
 with feelings which your own heart will best tell you how to estimate. 
 We have been the more gratified by the offering of respect and affec- 
 tion from a whole people, spontaneously flowing from sincere gratitude 
 for inestimable services, and a deep sense of your worth, because we 
 believe that, to a mind like yours, they will compensate for the priva- 
 tions you sustain, and the hazards and fatigues you have encountered 
 in revisiting our country. So long as Americans remember that noble 
 struggle which drew you first to their shores, that deep gloom which 
 overshadowed their cause when you embraced it, they cannot forget 
 the prompt, the generous, the gallant, and the important part you took 
 in the conflict. 
 
60 General La Fayette's 
 
 *' The history of your eventful life attests the sublime motive, which 
 enlisted you on the side of a people contending for liberty; but we 
 love to believe, that feelings of a softer and more endearing character 
 were soon mingled with that exalted principle. We delight to con- 
 sider this visit, as furnishing additional evidence that the sentiments we 
 felt, and manifested towards you, sunk deep into your heart, and were 
 /'greeted by kindred feelings — that as America has always regarded you 
 as one of the best and bravest of her sons, so you have never ceased 
 to regard her as a second country, ranking in your affections next to 
 that which gave you birth. 
 
 " In common with our fellow-citizens throughout the United States, 
 we rejoice to see you. With them we review your various and valua- 
 ble services to our infant republic, and your unceasing devotion to 
 liberty, and find in the retrospect, the same reasons to excite our 
 gratitude and esteem, which excited those sentiments in them ; but in 
 one part of your life, we claim an interest peculiar to ourselves. We 
 look back with mingled gratitude and applause, to the period of our 
 Revolutionary war, when the supreme command in Virginia was con- 
 ferred on you. We trace your conduct through those trying scenes. 
 We recollect the difficulties you encountered, and the dangers which 
 threatened us. We remember the skill, the patient fortitude, the per- 
 severing courage, with which you conducted us through those difficul- 
 ties, and extricated yourself and us from those dangers. 
 
 " At the head of an undisciplined and ill-armed militia, supported 
 by only a small band of regulars, you kept the open field in the face 
 of a numerous, well-appointed, and high-spirited army, protected our 
 scanty magazines, covered a great portion of our country, sustained 
 the hopes and confidence of our people, and pressed the rear of the 
 hostile army, in its retreat, to the ground on which its expiring effort 
 was made. It is your praise, during this arduous and trying conduct 
 for Virginia, to have so happily tempered the enterprising courage of 
 youth, with the caution and prudence which belongs to riper years, that 
 you performed every practicable service without sustaining any serious 
 disaster, and preserved your army entire for the great achievement, 
 which not only liberated Virginia, but accomplished the independence 
 of the United States. 
 
 "The distinguished part you bore in the last and glorious scene, is 
 indellibly impressed in the memory of all Virginians. In the bosoms 
 of none is it more deeply engraved than in those of the men who 
 stand before you. Some of us served under you in that memorable 
 campaign ; many in the course of the war. While duty required obe- 
 
Visit to Virginia. 61 
 
 dience, your conduct inspired confidence and love. Time, which has 
 thinned our ranks, and enfeebled our bodies, has not impaired these 
 feelings. They retain their original vigor. These expressions flow 
 from hearts replete with sentiments of affection for your person, esteem 
 for your character, and gratitude for your services. They will con- 
 tinue to animate us long after we part with you ; we are unwilling to 
 add, forever. Under their influence, we supplicate the Supreme 
 Author of all good, to extend to you his protection, and to make the 
 evening of your life as serene, tranquil, and happy, as its morning was 
 glorious. ' ' 
 
 -J 
 
 THE GENERAL, WITH MUCH SENSIBILITY, DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING 
 
 REPLY : 
 
 " Afy Dear Companio7is-in-Arnis : I had anticipated the pleasure to 
 meet many of you in this metropolis of Virginia, and I enjoy it with 
 delight. You know that the fine, gallant Virginia line was my first 
 command in the army. Virginia Continentals, riflemen, volunteer 
 corps, and militia, all of them, at the several periods ot the Revolu- 
 tionary war, have laid me under great obligations. The honors I now 
 receive, I have not had the vanity to monopolize to myself; they are 
 a testimony adhesive to the principle for which we have fought, and of 
 public remembrance for our common services ; the dearer and more hon- 
 orable they seem to me, when I share them with you. 
 
 " Amidst the flattering circumstances of my reception, I much value 
 the honor I have to be addressed in the name of our comrades by you, 
 my dear sir ; and in the Chief Justice of the United States, the elo- 
 quent historian of the Revolution, and of its matchless military chief, 
 to recognize a brother officer in more arduous times, and a personal 
 friend." 
 
 Congratulations between La Fayette and the officers were then 
 exchanged through the whole circle, and he was conducted to the 
 marquee, to be introduced to the ladies. 
 
 The scene which now ensued, to the moment of his departure from 
 the. Square, it is impossible for us to describe. Hundreds of ladies 
 flocked around him in the ^narqiiee to enjoy the satisfaction of grasp- 
 ing his hand. The same enthusiasm pervaded the whole of the long 
 and dense line of citizens of both sexes, which was formed from the 
 marquee to the western gate. Each one pressed forward, anxious to 
 grasp his hand, and some time elapsed before he was able to reach the 
 gate. The scene at this time on the Square, baffles all powers of 
 
62 General La Fayette's 
 
 description. "It thronged with a living multitude." The numbers 
 defy all estimate. We must content ourselves with saying, that they 
 exceeded all previous anticipations, and that their enthusiasm was as 
 extraordinary as their numbers. At the western gate, the General and 
 suite mounted their carriages and proceeded to H street, where, in the 
 porch of Mr. James Lyons's house, he reviewed the passing troops. 
 At the close of this scene, he was escorted to his quarters, where the 
 volunteers passed him twice, marching down and up the street. La 
 Fayette, standing at the window, was saluted by the officers of the 
 companies and the huzzas of the assembled citizens. 
 
 He dined at the Governor's, in company with many of the Revolu- 
 tionary officers and other citizens. He did not arrive on the Square 
 until near 9 o'clock. A considerable multitude had assembled to see 
 him, as well as to witness the illumination of the obelisks and the 
 pedestal, the fireworks, &c., and to partake of the refreshments, which 
 were distributed among all, without exception. About g o'clock, the 
 General visited the Theatre. The house received him with thunders 
 of applause, and when the whole company came out to sing " Auld 
 Lang Syne," with new verses, sung to the honor of La Fayette, the 
 applause was " loud and long," and many an eye was filled with tears. 
 
 THURSDAY, 28TH ORDER OF THE DAY. 
 
 This morning, at lo o'clock, General La Fayette will receive, under 
 tlie marquee^ the pupils of the Sabbath-schools of the city, after which 
 he will visit the City Hall, for the purpose of being presented to the 
 pupils of Mr. and Mrs. Turner's school. At i o'clock, he will attend 
 the race, and will dine with the Jockey Club. 
 
 The people are never tired of paying their respects. Yesterday, his 
 levee-room was thronged with ladies and gentlemen, anxious for the 
 honor of an introduction. Between lo and ii o'clock, he was con- 
 ducted to the City Hall in his barouche, accompanied by the Mayor, 
 General Porterfield, and one of the Committee of Arrangements. The 
 scene at the hall was select, and adapted to his taste. He attended to 
 receive the welcome of Mr. and Mrs. Turner, and the female pupils of 
 their schools. Upon a green ground, were formed by roses and ever- 
 greens, the words, " Virginia's Daughters Welcome Thee." Two ad- 
 dresses were delivered by two little girls of the Harmony Hall 
 school, and three poetical effVisions were sung by several female pupils, 
 accompanied by m\; ;ic on the piano. The General expressed himself 
 highly gratified by the entertainment. It was truly a scene calculated 
 
Visit to Virginia. 63 
 
 to give him the purest pleasure. After the exhibition, he was intro- 
 duced to a number of ladies and gentlemen. 
 
 The same opportunity was used for presenting him the certificate of 
 his being created a member of the Virginia Bible Society for life. The 
 privilege was purchased for him by the voluntary contributions of the 
 pupils of the Harmony Hall school. The Rev. Mr. Turner made a 
 suitable address, on presenting him with the credentials of his crea- 
 tion ; to which the General returned a most appropriate reply. 
 
 In the conclusion of his address, Mr. Turner asked, in the name of 
 his pupils, for the blessings of La Fayette, to which the General re- 
 plied, that if his paternal benedictions could be of any benefit to the 
 pupils, he gave it freely — he gave it with all his heart. 
 
 From the hall he was conducted to the marquee, on the Square, 
 where a most beautiful scene was prepared for his entertainment. The 
 male and female pupils of our Sabbath-schools were arranged in the 
 long line of the marquee, accompanied by their teachers, and sur- 
 rounded by gentlemen and ladies, several files deep. 
 
 The whole area within, was left open. No one attempted to break 
 in upon the line, and a refreshing carpet of green turf added novelty 
 and beauty to the effect. There was a large multitude all around, but 
 every element of disorder appeared to be stilled. The most respectful 
 silence reigned through the large assembly. He was addressed, in 
 prose and verse, by a little girl and two boys, to each of whom the 
 General tendered his kind acknowledgments. He was led along both 
 sides of the open space, receiving various introductions, until his 
 numerous engagements at his quarters hurried him from the scene. 
 
 He was introduced to various gentlemen at his quarters, until it was 
 time for him to comply with his engagements with the Jockey Club, 
 and to visit the race-field. General La Fayette attended the Jockey 
 Club race at i o'clock. The race was a very fine one — for a thousand 
 dollars — between Johnson's "Jeannette," Winn's "Marion," and 
 Long's " Flirtilla" — three heats. Jeannette won the two last, and 
 immediately after, in compliment to our distinguished guest, the name 
 of the successful mare was changed to that of " Virginia De La Fay- 
 ette." The General occupied the judges' stand during the race, and 
 expressed great pleasure and satisfaction at the exhibition. There were 
 a large number of ladies present, who occupied seats especially arranged 
 for them. A young lady, Miss Eliza Roane, the sister of William H. 
 Roane (afterward United States senator), who was a pet of Mr. Che- 
 vallie, asked him if the General would bet a pair of gloves with her 
 on the race. Mr. Chevallie made known to the General the lady's 
 
64 General La Fayette's 
 
 request, and he replied that he would not only bet with her, but would 
 allow her to select her horse. She won ; and the General, after the 
 race, presented to her, in his most gracious manner, a pair of beautiful 
 kids. (Those gloves, in a state of good preservation, are now in the 
 possession of the lady's nephew, Colonel F. G. Ruffin.) 
 
 After the race was over, the General and a large number of gentle- 
 men partook of a splendid and sumptuous dinner, prepared by Mr. 
 James Selden, the proprietor, aiid given by the Jockey Club in honor 
 of La Fayette. Mr. Theophilus Field, president of the club, pre- 
 sided. 
 
 Among the toasts which were offered and drank, the following one, 
 by General La Fayette, was received with rapturous applause — viz : 
 " May all the nations enter the course of freedom. We Americans 
 have won the fiist race ; but the noble prize is left to every one of the 
 competitors." Other toasts were given by Messrs. T. Field, G. W. 
 La Fayette, John C. Calhoun, Chief-Ju5tice Marshall, Colonel W. J. 
 Lewis, W. H. Roane, Robert Douthat, T. Gwathmey, Robert G. 
 Scott, Colonel McLane, Wade Mosby, Jr., R. R. Johnson, of North 
 Carolina; Colonel John Nicholas, Dr. M. Page, C. H. Harrison, J. 
 G. Mosby, and others. 
 
 The club adjourned at a very early hour, in order that the General 
 might be prepared to attend the ball at the Eagle Hotel. 
 
 The managers at this ball, who issued the invitations, were : John 
 Marshall, Robert Pollard, James Gibbon, John Brockenbrough, Wil- 
 liam H. Cabell, B. W. Leigh, John Robertson, Philip N. Nicholas, 
 Thomas Ritchie, Peter V. Daniel, Andrew Stevenson, Jaquelin B. 
 Harvie, Robert G. Scott, Bernard Peyton, William Lambert, Temple 
 Gwathmey, Thomas N. Page, John G. Williams, Thomas Green, 
 Wyndham Robertson, and James Lyons. 
 
 The whole inner area of the Eagle Hotel was floored, and canopied with 
 canvass. The spaces between the pillars were ornamented with fes- 
 toons of evergreens and flowers. General La Fayette was introduced 
 about 8 o'clock. The whole scene teemed with festivity and joy. 
 
 The effect surpassed everything which we could have anticipated. 
 At least 1,500 ladies and gentlemen were on the floor, and about two 
 or three hundred in the galleries. It was a scene of ease, gayety, and 
 delight. No words can give a description of the ample, beautiful 
 room, or the animated crowd which filled it. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 65 
 
 THE SABBATH-SCHOOLS OF RICHMOND UNITE IN DOING HONOR TO 
 
 LA FAYETTE. 
 
 On Thursday, 28th October, a procession was formed of the superin- 
 tendents, teachers, and pupils of the Sabbath-schools, in this city, for 
 the purpose of welcoming General La Fayette, in the marquee, on the 
 Public Square. The display of so many children, with their instruc- 
 tors, all neatly dressed, was a beautiful and interesting spectacle. 
 About five hundred boys and girls attended, consisting of the scholars 
 of the two schools, kept at the First and Second Baptist churches, and 
 of five schools belonging to the Richmond Sunday-School Union So- 
 ciety, conducted by tutors of the Presbyterian and Methodist denomi- 
 nations. The procession commenced at the Valley Market-house, 
 proceeded, in handsome style, to E street, thence to Thirteenth street, 
 and the enclosure of the Square to the front of the City Court-house, 
 and then entered the Square by the northern gate, passed under the 
 Fayette arch and Temple of Independence, to the marquee, where the 
 General was received by the delighted multitude. James Dove, a lit- 
 tle boy about eight years of age, then mounted a table, and delivered, 
 with perfect correctness, and remarkable animation, the following 
 address : 
 
 ^^ General La Fayette : The superintendents, teachers, and pupils of 
 the Sunday-schools of the city of Richmond, here assembled, partici- 
 pate cordially in the joy, unanimously felt by their fellow-citizens, in 
 seeing you among them. We regard you as one of the political 
 fathers of our country ; as a pure and zealous patriot ; a disinterested 
 and ardent philanthropist ; a firm and consistent friend of freedom — 
 in a word, as a man, in private and in public life, endowed with every 
 virtue. Our hearts are filled, therefore, in your presence, with senti- 
 ments of love and veneration, which words are altogether incapable of 
 expressing. 
 
 " We rejoice in the hope that the free and powerful people, whom 
 your youthful valor assisted, in their successful struggle against 
 tyranny and oppression, will perpetuate the blessings they enjoy, by 
 imitating your example of inflexible integrity and godlike beneficence. 
 Then, indeed, will our country become the pride of all lands — a glory 
 and a blessing to herself, and to other nations. We indulge in de- 
 lightfully anticipating the speedy establishment of well-regulated 
 republican government throughout the world. The sacred fire of lib- 
 erty, kindled in America, has been darkened, for a time, by the 
 
66 General La Fayette's 
 
 machinations of despots and the folly of anarchists ; but we trust it 
 will soon shine through the clouds which now obscure it, and illumi- 
 nate all nations with its cheering, invigorating, and purifying radiance. 
 
 " We salute you by the additional endearing titles of the friend 
 and associate of Washington, and servant of the God whom we 
 adore— the Saviour in whom we trust — and most affectionately do we 
 solicit his mercy, that tlie close of your eventful life may be as happy 
 as its progress hitherto has been glorious ; and that, after death, you 
 may receive from him, who alone can bestow it, the inestimable re- 
 ward of everlasting felicity." 
 
 Susan Norris, a small girl, recited, also in a manner which entitles 
 her to considerable praise, the following verses : 
 
 " We, happy pupils of the Sabbath-schools, 
 Instructed here, in virtue's golden rules. 
 Who, I'rom the wisdom of the Scriptures, learn 
 The truly great and glorious to discern ; 
 Young as we are, yet warmed with rapture, see, 
 The faithful friend of man and liberty 
 We heard delighted, and can never forget 
 The tale our fathers told, of brave Fayette. 
 In bloom of youth, the generous hero came. 
 Inspired by Freedom's animating flame ; 
 Across the deep, from foreign, distant lands. 
 He came, to break a tyrant's cruel bands — 
 To help our country, in lier sore distress, 
 He left behind him, home and liapjuness. 
 Gay courts and kings attempted, but in vain. 
 His youthful mind, by pleasure, to retain ; 
 A fond, a lovely wife — an infant child — 
 In vain, to keep him, wept, or sweetly smiled. 
 Kind as he was, he left them far away. 
 And sought the perils of the bloody fray ; 
 In toilsome field of war, lie fouglit and bled ; 
 To us, he gave his wealth — for us, his blood was shed. 
 Till, bravely, Britain's veteran hosts he quell'd. 
 And dire oppression, from our land expell'd. 
 Then, let our hearts with joy expand, that here. 
 The man we love, the Father we revere. 
 Among his children we behold to-day. 
 Tho' age would sprinkle now his head with gray. 
 The flower of Virtue never can decay — 
 Immortal in renown and bliss, will be 
 The faithful friend of man and liberty." 
 
Visit to Virginia. 
 
 67 
 
 The General, with his usual condescending goodness, expressed 
 much pleasure, and returned his thanks for the praise bestowed upon 
 him in both addresses. He cordially embraced the little speakers, and 
 they affectionately kissed his hand. 
 
 An address was then delivered, on behalf of the Richmond Junior 
 Debating Society, by a youth, whose name is Madison Street. His 
 delivery was truly excellent, the full flow of feeling being well 
 expressed, yet controlled and regulated by sound judgment. The ad- 
 dress was a warmly affectionate and elegant tribute to the extraordi- 
 nary merit of the man to whom it was delivered, especially as the 
 glorious defender of Virginia in the campaign of 1781. 
 
 The General returned an answer, evincing the gratification he felt, 
 and pronouncing a well-merited eulogium upon the youthful orator. 
 
 He was then conducted around the marquee, by the Mayor of the 
 city and several of the Committee of Arrangements, was saluted by 
 the teachers and pupils, and others who crowded with ardent desire to 
 touch his hand, and then withdrew. The scene was, altogether, highly 
 impressive and well conducted. 
 
 list of bevolutionary officers present on the occasion of the 
 general's visit. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Captain Francis Smith 83 
 
 Captain William J. Stevens 73 
 
 Captain Kobert Porterfield .72 
 
 First Lieut. John Smith 73 
 
 First Lieut. John L. Cray 70 
 
 Captain John Morton 68 
 
 Captain John Nicholas 68 
 
 Captain Carter Page 68 
 
 Wade Mosby... 63 
 
 Captain Edward Eggleston 64 
 
 First Lieut. Francis Brooke 60 
 
 Captain Daniel Verser 69 
 
 Captain Charles Woodson 63 
 
 Lieut. E.. A.Saunders 67 
 
 Lieut. Philip Holcomb 61 
 
 James Doswell 63 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Samuel Tinsley 64 
 
 John Trabne 62 
 
 Eichard Thompson 81 
 
 Agt. 
 
 Captain Gabriel Long 73 
 
 Captain Charles Cameron 72 
 
 Captain Thomas Price 71 
 
 Captain Samuel Carter 70 
 
 Captain John Marshall 69 
 
 Captain William Evans 68 
 
 Churchill Gibbs 68 
 
 D. M. Randolph 63 
 
 William Broadus 63 
 
 Ensign Clem. Carrington 64 
 
 James Lyons, private 60 
 
 Chas. Bee 67 
 
 Captain William Price ...67 
 
 M. J. Eggleston 61 
 
 Robert Pollard 61 
 
 Major Allen McLane 78 
 
 Captain Philip Slaughter.. 66 
 
 Major John Nelson 71 
 
 John Kelly 66 
 
 J 
 
 MASONIC DINNER. 
 
 A Masonic dinner was given to General La Fayette, in Richmond, 
 at which the Right Worshipful Chief-Justice Marshall, P. G. M., 
 
 ^ 
 
t 
 
 68 General La Fayette's 
 
 presided, on Saturday, October 30th, 1824. The General, his son, 
 and his secretary, Le Vasseur, were received in the lodge with cere- 
 monies and testimonials of respect and affection of the most impres- 
 sive character. 
 
 Dr. James Henderson, of Manchester, addressed him, on behalf of 
 the Masons, in an appropriate speech ; to which the General made an 
 appropriate reply. A magnificent dinner was given him at the Union 
 Hotel, at which the following toasts were drank : 
 
 TOASTS GIVEN AT THE MASONIC DINNER. 
 
 1. To the memory of our beloved brother, George Washington. 
 
 2. Our Illustrious Brother and Guest — Honored by the nation for 
 his public services, beloved by his brethren for his private virtues. 
 
 To this toast, our brother, General La Fayette, made a handsome 
 and suitable reply. 
 
 3. Our Brethren of the Revolutionary Army — absent and present. 
 Their work is done ; for their wages, we offer them our affection and 
 gratitude. 
 
 For this toast. General La Fayette, as one of the oldest Revolu- 
 tionary officers left, made a short and handsome acknowledgment, in 
 behalf of the heroes alluded to, and gave the following toast : 
 
 Liberty, Equality, Philanthropy — The true Masonic trio ; may its 
 harmony, in every instance, charm the ear of our friends, and coun- 
 teract the malignity of our enemies. 
 
 VOLUNTEER TOASTS. 
 
 By Brother William H. Fitzwhylsonn : Our Amiable Sisters at La 
 Grange — We should delight to welcome them as neighbors. 
 
 By Brother John Dove, M. D. : The efforts of despots to check the 
 march of Masonry — Canst thou bind the.sweet influence of the Pleaides, 
 or loose the bands of Orion ? 
 
 By the Rev. Brother Hurt : Brother Le Vasseur — The bosom friend 
 of La Fayette must be the friend of every American. 
 
 By Brother Robert G. Scott : The charity that is prompted by no 
 motive but to relieve distress — The love that embraces the whole 
 human family. 
 
 By Brother Samuel Myers: The memory of the Right Worshipful 
 Brother Benjamin Franklin, the First Grand Master of the State of 
 Pennsylvania — His speedy attachment to virtue and freedom, evinced 
 his devotion to the principles of Masonry. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 69 
 
 By Brother J. Henderson, M. D. : The precious jewel that was lost 
 and lay buried in a dungeon, but afterwards shone forth with redoubled 
 lustre. 
 
 By Brother John J. Johnson : Our reverend Brother and fellow- 
 citizen, Major James Gibbon, the hero of Stony Point. 
 
 By Brother J. Mordecai : Our distinguished Brother, La Fayette, 
 a Doric pillar of American Independence — May the evening of his 
 eventful life be as tranquil as its noon has been splendid and its 
 meridian glorious. 
 
 By Brother George Cabell, M. D. : Our distinguished Brother and 
 Guest — His second coming is to partake of the blessings his first pro- 
 cured us. 
 
 By Brother Peter F. Smith : The memory of the gallant French 
 officers and soldiers who fell in the war of our Independence — Their 
 reward is the gratitude of millions of freemen, and, we trust, a joyous 
 membership in the Grand Lodge above. 
 
 By Brother R. Adams : George Washington La Fayette, who, like 
 his father, sacrificed all to public duty. 
 
 By Brother B. F. Owen : General La Fayette and his associates in 
 the American Revolution — the wisdom, strength, and beauty of our 
 country. 
 
 By Brother Forbes: The spirit and rule of our order — may they 
 pervade every polity, attended by the just and effective recognition of 
 what the level, the plumet, the square, and the compass, indicate to 
 the enlightened. 
 
 By Brother S. Jacobs : The toast of our distinguished guest and re- 
 vered brother. Upon the " Question of Masonry : Noes — Francis, of 
 Austria, and Ferdinand, of Spain. Ayes — Washington and Frank- 
 lin." Add to the ayes the illustrious name and deeds of La Fayette, 
 and the congregated tyrants and potentates of Europe would weigh as 
 a feather in the balance. 
 
 By Brother S. Colton : Masonry, breathing a spirit of good will to 
 all mankind, has been cherished and supported by the wise, great, and 
 good in all nations and ages ; and who can doubt it, since our beloved 
 brother, La Fayette, is with us? 
 
 By Brother John M. Botts : Where La Fayette dwells, there is the 
 country for freemen. 
 
 By Brother McNemara : Religion, Morality, and Masonry — they go 
 hand-in-hand. 
 
 By Brother R. J. Smith : La Grange, for the garden of Virginia — 
 exchange, no robbery. 
 
70 General La Fayette's 
 
 By Brother H. Gibson : The daughters of La Grange — may they 
 become the mothers of American heroes. 
 
 By Brother W. A. Patterson : That matchless stone, the moral dia- 
 mond — the consistency of virtue that monarchs could not bribe and 
 faction could not awe. 
 
 By Brother G. A. Myers :• The genius of Masonry — While she en- 
 rols such names as Washington and La Fayette, where is he who 
 would not be proud to call himself a brother? 
 
 During the repast songs were sung. The following one, written ex- 
 pressly for the occasion by Mrs. H., was sung by Brother B. L. W., 
 to the air of " Scott's Wha' Ha : " 
 
 " Friends who have with Fayette bled, 
 Friends by Fayette often led, 
 On to Honor's gory bed, 
 
 And to victory. 
 Now's the day and now's the hour, 
 See prepared the festive board, 
 See approach fair Freedom's hour, 
 
 Glorious chivalry. 
 Who, for Freedom's life and law. 
 Freedom's sword did boldly draw, 
 And vowed to stand, — or greatly fa' ? 
 
 Generous La Fayette ! 
 Who hut feels his bosom bound? 
 Who l)ut clieers the joyous sound? 
 Who, but in his brea.st is found? 
 
 Welcome, La Fayette. 
 By oppressions, woes, and pains, 
 By our sons he saved from chains, 
 By the blood that fills our veins, 
 
 May we ne'er forget. 
 Who laid the proud usurper low ? 
 Who conquer'd our oppi'essive foe? 
 Who struck the last decisive blow? 
 
 Noble La Fayette ! " 
 
 At about half-past 8 o'clock, Brother Coalter, judge of the Court 
 of Appeals, announced to the brethren, that as the General had an 
 engagement for the evening, he would propose the following toast : 
 "Good-night; and joy go with him." After which the procession 
 was formed, and the brethren conducted him to his quarters. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE ARCHES, OBELISKS, &C., ON THE CAPITOL SQUARE. 
 
 The Capitol Square is ornamented by seven arches — viz. ; One at 
 
Visit to Virginia. 71 
 
 the entrance near the Washington Tavern (now St. Claire Hotel), one 
 at the entrance to the Governor's House, one at the grand entrance 
 near the City Hall, and four at the base of the triangle formed by the 
 other three. These four are of the Gothic order, in juxtaposition to 
 the Capitol, and reciprocally support each other. Each of these 
 arches is dedicated to a Revolutionary worthy, and the following 
 description will serve to explain to the curious the objects and allusions 
 of each: 
 
 THE GOTHIC ARCH FRONTING I HE CITY HALL. 
 
 (a) Hamilton. 
 (/5) Lincoln. (c) Knox. 
 
 (d') Washington. 
 (e) Rochambeau. (/) De Grasse. 
 
 (a) Colonel Alexander Hamilton was Washington's principal aid-de-camp 
 during the war, one of the authors of the " Federalist," a distinguished lawyer in 
 New York, a distinguished statesman ; was present at Yorktown in 1781 ; killed 
 in a duel by Aaron Burr on the 12th of July, 1804, and was born in the Island of 
 Nevis, British West India, on the 11th of January, 1757. 
 
 (6) Major-General Benjamin Lincoln was born on 3d of January, 1733, and 
 died on the 9th of May, 1810. He lived with his wife tifty-five years. He was 
 temperate and religious ; he never uttered a profane word. Nineteenth of Feb- 
 ruary, 1777, appointed by Congress a Major-General in the Continental army ; 
 was at Yorktown, and was deputed by Washington to receive Cornwallis's sword 
 at his surrender ; was appointed to the chief command at the South in Septem- 
 ber, 1778 ; afterwards he was Secretary of War, and Governor of Massachusetts. 
 
 (c) Major-General Henry Knox, another distinguished officer of the Eevolu- 
 tion, was born in Boston in 1750, and died in 1806 ; aged 56 years. He was under 
 the immediate command of Washington throughout the war, and fought with 
 him in all his battles. In 1785, he was appointed Secretary of War, which posi- 
 tion he held for eleven years; was the founder of the Society of the Cincinnati. 
 
 {d) Washington, the commander-in-chief and the first President of the United 
 States — "First in War, first in Peace, and first in the hearts of his Countrymen." 
 
 (e) Jean Baptiste Donatien De Vimeur, the Count de Kochambeau, was born 
 at Vendome, in 1725. He came to America, in 1780, with a strong force. After 
 assisting in the capture of Cornwallis, at Yorktown, and remaining several months 
 in America, he returned to France, and was raised to the rank of Field Marshal 
 by Louis XVI. In 1803, BonajDarte granted him a pension and the Cross of 
 Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor. He died in 1807, at the age of 82. 
 
 { / ) Francois Joseph Paul, Count De Grasse, a native of France, was born in 
 1723. At Yorktown he played a very important part. Died in 1788, at the age- 
 of 65. His domestic relations were unhappy. Washington, in a letter to Eoch- 
 ambeau, in 1788, on hearing of his death, said: "His frailties should now be 
 buried in the grave with him, while his name will long be deservedly dear to 
 this country, on account of his successful co-operation in the glorious campaign of 
 1781. The Cincinnati, in some of the states, have gone into mourning for him." 
 
72 General La Fayette's 
 
 GOTHIC ARCH FRONTING THE GOVERNOR'S HOUSE. 
 
 Stony Point. 
 (i) Fleury. (2) Posey. 
 
 (3) Wayne. 
 (4) Clarke. (5) Hand. 
 
 (1) Colonel D. De Fleury came to America from France early in the Revolu- 
 tion. Washington received him kindly, obtained for him a commission, and he 
 proved to be a brave and worthy soldier. Educated as an engineer, his talents 
 were useful. In that capacity he was acting at the engagement at Fort Mifflin, on 
 the Delaware. He was at the battle of Brandywine, and for his gallantry there. 
 Congress gave him a horse. He was also present at Stony Point, and for his gal- 
 lant conduct there. Congress presented him with a silver medal, on which was the 
 following inscription: "A memorial and reward of valor and daring. The 
 American Republic has bestowed this medal on Colonel D. De Fleury, a native of 
 France, the first over the vvalls of the enemy." 
 
 (2) Major Posey entered the British fort at Stony Point along with Colonel 
 Fleury, and was the first to give the watchword, "The fort's our own." 
 
 (3) General Anthony Wayne is the hero of Stony Point. He was born in 
 Chester county, Pennsylvania, on the 1st of January, 1745. He was with Wash- 
 ington at Brandywine, frermantown, and Monmouth, in all of which engage- 
 ments he was distinguished for his valor. The capture of Stony Point increa.sed 
 his reputation as a soldier. The position of this fortress was such that it seemed 
 almost impregnable. Situated upon a liigh, rocky blufl", an island at high water, 
 and almost inaccessible dry-shod, except across a narrow causeway in the rear, it 
 was strongly defended by outworks and a double row of abatis. Upon three sides 
 of the rock were the waters of the Hudson, and on the fourth was a mora.ss, deep 
 and dangerous. He stormed the fort and captured it. It is stated that while 
 Wayne was talking to Washington upon the subject of this expedition, he said - 
 " (ieneral, I'll storm hell, if you will only plan it." He was at the battle of 
 Yorktown, and died in December, 1796, aged 51 years. He was called Mad 
 Anthony Wayne. 
 
 (4) Colonel George Rogers Clarke was borne in Albemarle county, Virginia, on 
 the 19th November, 1752, and died in Louisville, Kentucky, in February, 1818, 
 aged 66. In 1778, he led a regular expedition against the frontier posts of the 
 enemy in the wilderness. He first went to Kentucky in 1772, when he paddled 
 down the Ohio river in a canoe. His mind was clear and comprehensive; his 
 personal courage of the truest stamp ; his energies, physical and mental, always 
 vigorous, and he soon became an oracle among the backwoodsmen. 
 
 (5) General Edward Hand, a native of Ireland, was born in 1744, and died in 
 1803. He maintained, throughout the war, the unlimited confidence and respect 
 of his superior officer. Washington esteemed him so highly that he ap))ointed 
 him Adjutant-General. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 73 
 
 THE GOTHIC ARCH FRONTING THE CAPITOL. 
 
 (i) Montgomery. 
 
 (2) De Kalb. (3) Porterfield. 
 
 (4) Mercer. 
 
 (5) Warren. (6) Davidson. 
 
 (1) General Kichard Montgomery, an Irishman, born in 1737, was with Wolfe at 
 the storming of Quebec, in 1 759, and was killed while storming that city again, 
 on the 31st December, 1775. 
 
 (2) Major-General Baron De Kalb was born in Alsace, came to America with La 
 Fayette, was a gallant officer, and fell at Camden, S. C, in August, 1 780, pierced 
 through with eleven wounds. General La Fayette, in 1825, laid the corner-stone 
 of a monument to his memory at that place. Congress, in 1855, granted sixty- 
 six thousand dollars to his heirs. 
 
 (3) Lieutenant-Colonel Porterfield, of the Virginia Continental line, was killed 
 at Camden. 
 
 (4) General Hugh Mercer was a physician at Fredericksburg, Va., entered the 
 army and was killed at the battle of Princeton, January 3d, 1777, at the age of 
 56 years, and -vVas buried in Philadelphia. His son, Colonel Hugh Mercer, who 
 long survived him, was educated at the expense of the Government, by special act 
 of Congress. 
 
 (5) General Joseph Warren, a patriot at the beginning of the Revolution, was 
 born at Roxbury, Mass., in 1740, and was killed at the battle of Bunker's Hill, June 
 17th, 1775. Three weeks afterwards, wrote the wife of John Adams : " Not all 
 the havoc and devastation they have made has wounded me like the death of 
 Warren. We want him in the Senate ; we want him in his profession ; we want 
 him in the field. We mourn for the citizen, the senator, the physician, and the 
 warrior." 
 
 (6) General William Davidson, born in 1746, was attached to General Greene's 
 army, in North Carolina, and in the action at Chad's Ford, February, 1781, he was 
 shot through the breast, and fell dead on the field. 
 
 10 
 
74 General La Fayette's 
 
 GOTHIC ARCH FRONTING WASHINGTON TAVERN. 
 
 (i) Starke. 
 (2) Pickens. (3) Campbell. 
 
 (4) Morgan. 
 (5) Butler. (6) Heth. 
 
 (1) Major-General John Starke was born at Londonderry, New Plamp- 
 shire, August 28th, 1728. He fought at Bunker's Hill, Lexington, Saratoga, and 
 at various other battles. At the battle of Bennington, in August, 1777, the 
 heights were wreathed in the smoke of the cannon and musketry, and along the 
 slopes and upon the plains, the enemy were forming into battle order. It was at 
 this moment that Stark made his well-known speech to his men, " See there, 
 men ; there are the red-coats ! Before night they are ours, or Molly Stark will be 
 a widow." The battle lasted, says Stark, "two hours, and was the hottest I ever 
 saw. It was like one continued clap of thunder." General Stark died on the 
 8th of May, 1822, at the age of 93, and was buried near the Merrimac, at Man- 
 chester, N. H. 
 
 (2) Andrew Pickens, Major-General of South Carolina militia, was born in 
 Pennsylvania on the 19th of September, 1739; removed to South Carolina in 1752. 
 He died at his seat, in Pendleton district, S. C, the scene of his earliest battles, 
 on the 17th of August, 1817, at the age of 78. In 1765, he married Kebecca Cal- 
 houn, the aunt of John C. Calhoun, and one of the most beautiful women of the 
 South. "Rebecca Calhoun's wedding" was an epoch in the social history of the 
 district in which she resided, and the old ladies used it as a point to reckon from. 
 
 (3) Brigadier-General William Campbell was a native of Augusta county, Va. 
 At the battles of King's jVIountain and Guilford, he greatly distinguished him- 
 self. La Fayette gave him the command of a brigade of riflemen and light in- 
 fantry, but he fell sick a few weeks before the siege of Yorktown, and died at the 
 early age of 3G. In the battle of King's Mountain, he rode down two horses, and 
 at one time was seen on foot, with his coat off, and his shirt-collar open, fighting 
 at the head of his men. His military career was short, but brilliant, and bravery 
 marked all his movements. 
 
 (4) Major-General Daniel Morgan Avas born in New Jersey, in 1737, but at an 
 early age removed to Virginia. He was a private soldier under Braddock, in 
 1755, and after his defeat, returned to his occupation of a farmer and wagoner. 
 He distinguished himself under Arnold at the siege of Quebec. He was then 
 appointed to the command of the Eleventh Virginia regiment, in which was in- 
 corporated his rifle corps. The original flag of this corps is in the museum at 
 Alexandria, Va. Congress voted him a gold medal for his victory at the Cow- 
 pens. Afterwards, he was a member of Congress. He died at Winchester, Va., 
 on the 6th of July, 1802, in the 67th year of his age. Patriotism and valor were 
 the prominent features of his character, and the honorable services he rendered 
 to his country during the Revolutionary war, crowned him with glory, and will 
 remain, in the hearts of his countrymen, a perpetual monument to his memory. 
 
 (5) Lieutenant-Colonel Butler, Morgan's second in command at Saratoga. 
 
 (6) Colonel AVilliam Heth, Morgan's lieutenant at Quebec, was rapidly pro- 
 moted and distinguished at the battle of Brandvwine. 
 
 The interior of the four-fronted arch bears aloft beautiful inscriptii)ns, printed 
 on white satin. Inside of one arch the inscription is, "The Temple of Indepen- 
 dence, Consecrated with the Blood of Heroes to Washington." Inside of another 
 arch the inscription consecrates it "To La Fayette ;" on a third, to "Liberty ; " 
 and the fourth, to " Virtue." 
 
Visit to Virginia. 75 
 
 ARCH NEAR THE CITY HALL. 
 
 (i) Kosciusko. 
 (2) Schuyler. (3) Huger. 
 
 (4) La Fayette. 
 
 (5) Steuben. (6) Du Portail. 
 
 (1) Thaddeus Kosciusko was born in Litliuania in 1736, was educated at the mili- 
 tary school at Warsaw, and afterwards at Paris. There he became acquainted with 
 Dr. Franklin, who recommended him to Washington. He came to America, and 
 Wasliington made him his aid. He was greatly esteemed by the American officers. 
 After the war, he returned to Poland, where, in 1794, a new Revolution broke out 
 and he was made generalissimo, but was soon defeated by the Russians, taken to 
 prison in St. Petersburg, and kept confined there until the death of the Empress, 
 Catherine, but was liberated by her successor, Paul, who loaded liim with honors, 
 offered him a command in the Russian service, and presented him with his own 
 sword, which he declined, saying, " I no longer need a sword, since I have no 
 longer a country to defend." Kosciusko died in Switzerland on tlie 16th of Octo- 
 ber, 1817. 
 
 (2) Major-General Philip Schuyler was born at Albany, November 22d, 1733. 
 He fought against the French and Indians in 1755. He was a delegate to the 
 Continental Congress in May, 1775, and was elected one of the Major-Cleuerals of 
 the American army. He was a member of the old Congress under the Confed- 
 eration, and after the adoption of the constitution, he was a senator from New 
 York in Congress. He died at Albany, November, 1804, aged 71 years. 
 
 (3) Major Benjamin Huger, of South Carolina, who received General La Fay- 
 ette on his arrival in America, in 1777, was killed at the battle of Charleston, in 
 1779. His son, Francis K. Huger, afterwards made a romantic attempt to effect 
 General La Fayette's escape from the prison of Olmutz. 
 
 (4) The Marquis, Gilbert Mottier De La Fayette, was born on the 6th of Sep- 
 tember, 1757. He joined the Revolutionary army in 1777, was the bosom-friend 
 of Washington, who appointed him to the chief command in Virginia, where he 
 did good service, and distinguished himself at Yorktown. In 1824, he revisited 
 the United States, and the people all over the country gave him the most enthu- 
 siastic receptions wherever he went, showing that they appreciated his services, 
 and were grateful for his devotion to the cause of American independence. Sec- 
 ond to Washington, no officer of the Revolution is remembered even now by the 
 people of the United States, with more gratitude and affection, than is LaFay- 
 ette. He will ever live in their hearts. General La Fayette died in 1 834, at the 
 age of 77 years. His remains rest in the cemetery at Pigpers, a private burial- 
 ground of some of the nobility of Paris. 
 
 (5) Frederick William Augustus, Baron De Steuben, was a Prussian, and aid- 
 de-camp of Frederick the Great, and came to America to fight in our war as a 
 volunteer. He joined the Continental army at Valley Forge, and acted as a vol- 
 unteer on the field of Monmouth, and finally commanded in the trenches at the 
 
76 ' Visit to Virginia. 
 
 ARCH AT THE GOVERNOR'S HOUSE. 
 
 (i) Rutledge. 
 (2) Trumbull. (3) Livingstone, 
 
 (4) Nelson. 
 (5) Clinton. (6) Read. 
 
 battle of Yorktown, in Virginia. Aftei* the war, New Jei-sey gave him a farm, 
 New York presented him with 16,000 acres of wild land in Oneida county, and 
 the general government gave him a pension of $2,500. He built himself a log 
 house at Steuben ville, New York, and died there on the 28th of November, 1795, 
 aged 64 years. Baron Steuben was a man of excellent character, kind, cheerful, 
 generous, and possessed of a ready wit. At Yorktown, a shell fell near liim. To 
 avoid its eflects, lie leaped into a trencli, followed by General AVayne, who fell 
 upon him. The Baron, on perceiving that it wa.s his Brigadier, said, " 1 always 
 knew you were a brave general, but I did not know you were so perfect in every 
 point of duty ; you cover your General's retreat in tlie best manner possible." 
 On one occasion he was introduced to a Miss Sheaf. " I am very happy," said 
 he, " in the honor of being presented to you. Mademoiselle, though I see it is at 
 an infinite risk ; I have from my youth been cautioned to guard myself against 
 mischief, but I had no idea that her attractions were so powerful." 
 
 (6) General Du Portail, an engineer officer, was sent to America by Dr. Frank- 
 lin and Francis Deane, the American Commissioners. He was at Yorktown, and 
 served with distinguished praise. 
 
 The La Fayette arch is surmounted by a large, splendid gilt eagle, standing on 
 a gilt ball. Across the body of the eagle is inscribed, "The siege and capture of 
 Yorktown." From the bill of the eagle, " Brandy wine ;" from one of its wings, 
 "Gloucester Point," "Barren Hill Church;" from the opposite wing, "Newport," 
 " Marquis' Road,'' " Jamestown." 
 
 Below the name of Nelson, was painted the coat-of-arms of the State ; below 
 which, between two parallel lines, is inscribed the name of " Patrick Henry," 
 thus representing him as supporting the arms of the State. 
 
 (1) Governor of South Carolina. (2) Governor of Connecticut. (5) Governor 
 of New York. (3) Governor of New Jersey. (6) Governor of Pennsylvania. 
 
 These gentlemen, like our own Governor Nelson, rendered most efficient politi- 
 cal as well as military services, during the Revolution. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 77 
 
 ARCH NEAR THE WASHINGTON TAVERN. 
 
 (i) Marion. 
 (2) Williams. (3) Carrington. 
 
 Greene. 
 (4) W. Washington. (5) H. Lee. 
 
 (1) General Marion, of South Carolina, one of the most distinguished partisan 
 leaders of the Revolution. 
 
 (2) Otho H. Williams, colonel of the Maryland Line, and General Greene's 
 adjutant-general. 
 
 (3) Colonel Edward Carrington, of Virginia, was quartermaster-general of the 
 Southern army undtr General Greene, and commanded the artillery on alternate 
 days with Lamb and Stevens, of New York, at the siege of York. After the 
 war, was a member of Congress, and was the foreman of Aaron Burr's jury. 
 He died on the 28th of October, 1810. 
 
 (4) Lieutenant-Colonel Washington, of the cavalry, whom General Greene 
 called his right hand. 
 
 (5) Lieutenant-Colonel Lee, of the Partisan Legion, whom General Greene 
 called his right eye. 
 
 General Nathaniel Greene was born in Kliode Island in 1740. He was a ma- 
 jor-general in the Continental army ; was in the battles of Princeton, Trenton, 
 Brandywine, Germautown, and Monmouth. In 1780, he took command of the 
 Southern department. He died at Savannah on the 19th of June, 178G. 
 
 All the arches are beautifully studded with glittering stars, and it must be par- 
 ticularly remarked that the Washington arch bears on its front a large portrait of 
 Washington ; the arch of Wayne, a view of the fortifications of Stony Point ; and 
 that of Morgan, the figure of a rifleman. 
 
 The pedestal in the Temple of Independence has four fronts ; on the side front- 
 ing the Fayette gate, is this inscription : "The Virginia Legislature have offered 
 this testimonial to Major-General La Fayette as a lasting monument of his merit 
 and their gratitude." On the other fronts, are emblematic transparencies— one, 
 the figure of a dog, to represent Vigilance ; another, a shield, inscribed, " La 
 Fayette" defending the infant republic, represented by a child, against the British 
 lion. The other front covers a spread-eagle. 
 
 Two obelisks, raised in the area on the north side of the Square^ one on one side 
 of the La Fayette gate, and the other on the other. The first has the names of 
 all the Revolutionary officers living in Virginia, in transparency. The other 
 one will be better understood from tlie description of it: 
 
 Names in large capital letters on the obelisk on the west of the principal en- 
 trance into the Capitol Square : On the west front, St. George Tucker, Angus 
 Rucker, Abram Maury, Isaac Hite, John Trabue, Sam. Tinsley, Philip Hol- 
 combe. Carter Page, Allen McLane, Gabriel Gray, Mathew Wood, George Lam- 
 bert, John Slaughter, John L. Cruit, Samuel Carter, Bennony Overstreet, Jacob 
 Cunningham, William H. Moseley, Wm. John Cunningham, Robert H. Saun- 
 ders, William Eskridge. 
 
78 General La Fayette's 
 
 LA FAYETTE IN PETERSBURG. 
 
 Petersburg, November 2d. At length, the citizens of Petersburg 
 have been gratified, delighted, by the presence of General La Fayette 
 among them. Revisited us on Friday last, at 3 o'clock, and left us on 
 Saturday, at i p. m. His short stay is attributable to imperious neces- 
 sity, previous engagements rendering it impossible for him to be with 
 
 On the north side : James Barron, Jolin Kilby, Peter Johnston, Joseph Blaek- 
 well, Francis Cowherd, John Jordan, Henry Bowyer, CJias. Woodson, Francis 
 Brooke, Josepli Marsliall, William Broadus, Churchill Gibbs, Joseph Morton, 
 Dudley Diggs, William White, Joseph Scott, Robert Bealc, Clement Carrington, 
 Nathaniel Vasser, Berrvman (rreen, William Brough. 
 
 On the east front : James Dillard, William Price, Thomas White, Peter Foster, 
 Archibald Perkins, Wade Mosl)y, John Wiat, Richard Allen, William Payne, 
 John Smitli, Ilezckiah Morton, Tliomas Moore, George Blakemore, John Wood- 
 son, Jolin Moody, Peter Francisco, Joel Jones, Joseph Christian, Isham Allen, 
 Charles Gee, John Long, Matthew Eggleston, David M. Randolph, John Mount- 
 castle. 
 
 On the south front : Charles Dabney, Thomas Massie, Jolni Nelson, Charles 
 Magill, John Watts, Gabriel Long, John Marshall, John Nicholas, John Wil- 
 liams, Robert White, Robert Randolpii, Robert Porterfield, Charles Ewcll, 
 Cliarles Cameron, Joseph Scott, William Wearing, Philip Slaugliter, AVilliam 
 Robertson, William Evans, James Gibbon, Robert Satmders, Thomas Pem- 
 berton, William Worsliam. 
 
 Inscription on the pedestal : The citizens of Richmond offer this tribute of 
 gratitude jind respect to the surviving heroes of Virginia. 
 
 The obelisk on the west of the entrance bore the following inscription : 
 
 On the west front : The Presidents of the old Congress — Peyton Randolph, 
 John Hancock, Henry Laurens, John Jay, Sanmel Huntington, John Hanson, 
 Elias Boudinot, Samuel Hardy, Thomas McKean, Thomas Mililin, Richard H. 
 Lee, Cyrus Griffin. 
 
 On the north front : Members of the First Congress from Virginia — Peyton 
 Randolph, Richard Henry Lee, George Washington, Patrick Henry, Jr., Richard 
 Bland, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Pendleton. 
 
 On the east front : Governors — Henry, Jefferson, Nelson, Harrison, E. Ran- 
 dolph, B. Randolph, Lee, Brooke, Wood, Moore, Page, Tyler, Cabell, Smith, 
 Barbour, Nicliolas, Preston, T. M. Randolph, James Pleasants. 
 
 On the south fi'ont : Presidents of the Virginia Convention — Peyton Randolph, 
 Edmund Pendleton. 
 
 All of these names ran one after the otlier on the obelisks, in separate lines. 
 Each obelisk is surmounted bv a beautiful star. 
 
 NoTK.— For further accounts of the above-named old patriots, see Lossiiig's Field-Book of 
 the Revolution, Marshall's Life of Washington, and other histories of the United States. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 79 
 
 us lon^. Short as was his stay, it afforded our citizens the luxury of 
 enjoying the society of a man, than whom his superior does not dwell 
 beneath the vaulted roof of Heaven. 
 
 Never have we witnessed so large and so well-conducted a proces- 
 sion, as that which welcomed La Fayette to our town. Nor did we 
 think it possible such an one could have been paraded in Petersburg. 
 It consisted of the troop of cavalry, Captain Pegram, by whom the 
 General was escorted from the ferry, near Osborne's ; then followed 
 the guest of the nation, in a barouche obtained for the purpose, to 
 which succeeded a long line of carriages, containing his son and suite, 
 navy officers, &c. These were followed by the Thirty-ninth and 
 other regiments, on horseback, the Independent Volunteers, Republi- 
 can Light Infantry, La Fayette Juniors, citizens on foot and citizens 
 on horseback. 
 
 The procession proceeded through different streets, as previously 
 arranged, and was halted at the quarters prepared for the General, on 
 Bollingbrook street, which had been elegantly and tastefully arranged 
 for his reception. 
 
 At the extrance to his apartments, he was received by Lewis Mabry, 
 Esq., mayor of Petersburg, who welcomed La Fayette to our borough 
 in the following feeling and animated address : 
 
 '* General La Fayette : The citizens of Petersburg are delighted 
 with your presence. Be assured, sir, that with the liveliest emotions 
 of love and gratitude, they bid you welcome. 
 
 " Your name lights up in their bosoms, the fondest recollections of 
 your devotion to liberty and to their country ; at the mention of that 
 name, endeared to them from the earliest part of their lives, they look 
 back to the darkest epoch of the American Revolution, that moment, 
 when the stoutest hearts were desponding, and when a general gloom 
 pervaded this land ; they see you in youth, in affluence, and in the 
 possession of whatever this world could afford to make you happy, 
 tearing yourself from France, from luxury, and from ease, and, far 
 above all, . from the fond embraces of conjugal affection ; they see 
 you, with the sacred flame of liberty burning in your bosom, encoun- 
 tering the toils, the dangers, and the hardships of a distressed people 
 struggling for freedom ; they see you by the side of Washington, his 
 friend and his companion-in-arms, fighting the battles of their coun- 
 try ; they have marked your course, since that eventful period, and 
 their hearts are filled with admiration, love, and gratitude. It is in 
 the name of these people, whose hearts are filled with these emotions, 
 
80 General La Fayette's 
 
 that I bid you welcome. And permit me, sir, to assure you, that my 
 heart participates, with those of my fellow-citizens, in love and vene- 
 ration for La Fayette, the distinguished friend of my country." 
 
 GENERAL LA FAYETTE* S ANSWER TO THE MAYOR OF PETERSBURG, 
 
 " With every sentiment of affection and gratitude I thank you, sir, 
 the worthy magistrates, and the citizens of Petersburg, for your so 
 gratifying welcome, and feel myself particularly obliged for the manner 
 in which you are pleased to express it. I have had, in former times, to 
 lament the necessity, in the course of military operations, to disturb 
 the repose of the good town of Petersburg, while it had become a 
 British headquarter, but in this very circumstance, found new opportu- 
 nities to witness her patriotism. In this visit, sir, I admire your improve- 
 ments, I rejoice in your happiness, the result of the Revolution, which 
 your fathers have supported with unshaken spirit ; and I beg you to 
 accept my most respectful acknowledgments and most cordial good 
 wishes." 
 
 The General and his suite, together with a number of invited guests, 
 were then conducted to the apartments prepared for the occasion, 
 where they were introduced to the members of the Common Hall and 
 a number of other citizens. These introductions being over, the Gen- 
 eral repaired to one of the front windows, where he continued to bow, 
 for a considerable time, to the assembled multitude ; he then proceeded 
 into the street, and was indiscriminately introduced to the citizens as 
 they presented themselves. 
 
 We shall not pretend to describe the effect produced by the pres- 
 ence of the General among the crowd of citizens, who pressed around 
 him for an introduction. It was one of the most interesting scenes we 
 ever witnessed, and will not be forgotten till all earthly things shall be 
 obliterated from the memory. This ceremony being over, the Gen- 
 eral retired to his chamber for a few moments, and when he returned, 
 proceeded to Mr. Niblo's long room, where a sumptuous and splendid 
 banquet had been prepared for him and the other invited guests, 
 among whom we took great pleasure in recognizing Commodore Bar- 
 ron, Captain Elliott, and a number of old Revolutionary soldiers. 
 The following gentlemen officiated at the table : Lewis Mabry, presi- 
 dent ; Jabez Smith, Robert Boiling, Richard Field, and Daniel C. 
 Butts, vice-presidents. 
 
 The cloths having been 'removed, the following toasts were drunk, 
 accompanied by bursts of applause : 
 
Visit to Virginia. 81 
 
 1. Our Country : The land of common sense and of the rights of 
 man. 
 
 2. The memory of Washington : The Son of Virginia, the Father 
 of America. 
 
 3. The Guest of our Nation : The benefactor of the world. 
 
 4. France : The first to recognize us as a nation, the first to adopt 
 our example — may she be the last to abandon our principles. 
 
 5. The Army of the United States. 
 
 6. The Navy of the United States. 
 
 7. These meetings of the remnants of '76: May they rekindle the 
 flame of brotherly love, and renew the spirit which will neither do 
 nor suffer wrong. 
 
 8. The gratitude we owe to the founders of our liberty : 'Tis sweet 
 to pay the debt that made our fortunes. 
 
 9. Liberty: May she be adopted, with Roman facility, among the 
 rulers of the nations having intercourse with us. 
 
 10. The South American Republics : May they find a Washington 
 among their sons, a La Fayette among their friends. 
 
 11. The Ex-Presidents of the United States. 
 
 12. The People : Grateful to their benefactors, hostile to despots. 
 
 13. Our Institutions: A lasting monument of the services of La 
 Fayette — our happiness and prosperity his best reward. 
 
 As soon as the third toast was drank, General La Fayette rose, and 
 in a most feeling manner, returned thanks for the compliment paid 
 him, and gave the following sentiment : 
 
 Petersburg : Under the invasion of an enemy, her patriotism re- 
 mained unshaken. May she, in her connections with her friends, find 
 every sort of increasing prosperity. 
 
 The following lines, written by ''The Stranger," were then re- 
 cited by the chairman : 
 
 LA Fayette's welcome to Petersburg. 
 
 * Hail to the chief! who so bravely defended 
 
 Liberty's cause with his fortune and blade ; 
 Hail to the chief! whose blood has been blended 
 
 With the soil where the foes of our country were laid. 
 Long shall this tale be told, 
 Bright has it been enrolled, 
 Entwin'd and enwreath'd around his blest name ; 
 In the hearts of the free, 
 Deep it shall ever be, 
 And with time alone, fade his glory and fame ! 
 
82 General La Fayette's 
 
 Hail to the chief! in the midst of whose glory, 
 
 We welcome again on Columbia's shore ; 
 His name shall be bright on the pages of story, 
 
 When tyrants and despots are heard of no more. 
 
 Long may tlie hero live, 
 
 Long life may Heaven give, 
 And grant that he share what his bravery won ; 
 
 For in life should he be 
 
 In tlie land of the free. 
 And in death should he sleep by lov'd Washington. 
 
 VOLUNTEER TOASTS. 
 
 By Lewis Mabry, chairman : General La Fayette — Amid the chang- 
 ing scenes of forty years, constant to his purpose : still the friend of 
 liberty and man. 
 
 By Augustine Claiborne : Count De Grasse, who promptly joined 
 our guest at York, contributed to establish our independence. 
 
 By Joseph Cooper : General La Fayette — Our country's warmest 
 friend. 
 
 By Daniel C. Butts : The nation's guest — In the war of the Revo- 
 lution, the disciple of Washington, the friend of Jefferson and the 
 rights of man. 
 
 By Judge Bouldin : Our own friend, and our father's friends, we 
 will never forget. 
 
 By Captain J. D. Elliott : Our gratitude — may it prove worthy of 
 ourselves, and the admiration of all the world. 
 
 By Mr. D. Meade : France — may the unparalleled consistency of 
 La Fayette as a politician, his devotion to the equal rights of man, 
 eventually, and ere long, lead, peacefully, to the establishment of a 
 form of government in that beautiful country and accomplished na- 
 tion which a La Fayette might approve. 
 
 By Mr. Shands, Jr. : General La Fayette — a grateful people, who 
 reap the fruits of his toil and valor, with ecstatic joy welcome again to 
 their shores him, who in youth was a hero, through life the friend of 
 man, the votary of liberty. 
 
 By H. Haynes : Our guest — a fixed star in the political hemisphere, 
 which the enemies of freedom have never needed a telescope to dis- 
 cover. 
 
 Many other toasts were given by gentlemen present, but in conse- 
 quence of the ball, the dinner party broke up at an earlier hour than 
 usual ; but not too early to enable the numerous guests to enjoy in 
 reality " the feast of reason and the flow of soul." 
 
Visit to Virginia. 83 
 
 Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon Mr. Niblo, for the very- 
 sumptuous fare provided for this interesting occasion, particularly 
 when we take in consideration the limited time afforded him for mak- 
 ing the necessary preparation, information of the day the General 
 intended visiting us, not having been received till late on Wednesday 
 evening preceding the dinner. The dinner having been necessarily 
 hurried over, the company separated in order to prepare for the ball, 
 which was to take place in the Theatre, that spacious building having 
 been elegantly fitted up for the occasion. 
 
 We would here speak of the decorations of the Theatre, but oiir 
 descriptive powers fail us, and we must content ourselves with a plain, 
 matter-of-fact statement. In the first place, the pit had been floored 
 over, and with the stage, formed a spacious and superb ball-room, 
 capable of accommodating ten sets of cotillons at once. The stage 
 was arched over with sky-blue cloth, and the sides lined with pink, 
 forming a beautiful contrast, the whole exhibiting a most superb per- 
 spective view, which was terminated by an elegant palace-scene. In 
 the back-ground, seats were provided for the General and ?iis suite. 
 Festoons of evergreens, artificial flowers, &c., attracted the eye in 
 every direction, while numerous lamps reflected a rich and glowing 
 brilliancy on the fairy place. 
 
 The third tier of boxes was closely set with evergreens, which ex- 
 tended their luxuriant branches a considerable distance over the 
 vaulted dome of the Theatre. Within this artificial grove, innumer- 
 able variegated lamps were placed, which glittered like stars of the 
 first magnitude, and had an effect which attracted the admiration of 
 every spectator. The pillars of the first and second rooms of boxes, 
 were entwined with evergreens, while numerous wreaths and festoons 
 decorated the other parts of the Theatre. Indeed, the whole had 
 more the appearance of enchantment, than the effect of human effort 
 and human design ; and considering the very short time that was de- 
 voted to the completion of the arrangements, reflects the highest 
 credit on those who planned and those who executed this splendid 
 scene. 
 
 The indefatigable Mr. Noe was the architect on this occasion, but 
 the design is solely attributable to the fair of our town, who were un- 
 tiring in their exertions to render every possible homage and respect 
 to the man who has done so much for our country. 
 
 We would pass from the decorations of the ball-room, and attempt 
 to portray the living scenery, but the attempt is vain, and we leave 
 
84 General La Fayette's 
 
 the subject, in utter despair of rendering even ordinary justice to the 
 splendid galaxy of beauty which blazed within, and dazzled the eye 
 by their effulgence. 
 
 The dancing commenced about 8 o'clock, and continued until 
 near 2. The General arrived at 9, and remamed until 12, receiving the 
 warm congratulations of one of the most numerous and brilliant as- 
 semblages of females ever witnessed in Petersburg. 
 
 The ball-room was prepared for the General's reception, by arrang- 
 ing the gentlemen in the boxes and appropriating the floored area of 
 the Theatre to the fair, who filled, with the full glow of associated 
 beauty, the entire circle under the rotunda, and the long vista beneath 
 the arcade. Loveliness and virtue, adorned with every charm of 
 earth, awaited his reception, with the fervor and purity that breathes 
 and burns in heaven. Not a breatli disturbed tlie silence, so respect- 
 fully kept by the grateful hearts and longing eyes. The General en- 
 tered, the ladies rose, he was led round the room, and after his general 
 introduction, to each and all of them, the gentlemen left their allotted 
 seats and entered the open area. The upper part of the vista being 
 reserved for visitors to the General, the lower portion and circle were 
 immediately filled, and enlivened beyond description with the splendid 
 and harmonious bustle of the happy and the gay. It is impossible to 
 detail the deep and various interests of continued introductions. One, 
 which took place in the ball-room, was calculated to excite every 
 generous and noble feeling which sways and animates the soul of man. 
 A crowd of the Canada volunteers, from Petersburg, were by name 
 introduced to him. He received them with a soldier's hand, and 
 looked upon them with a soldier's eye. The old General, who had 
 bled with their fathers, seemed to rekindle with the fire of youth and 
 feelings of days gone by, in hailing their war-like sons. He called some 
 of them as they retired, and multiplied question upon question, with the 
 rapidity of a heart too full to be easily satisfied, even with the answers 
 asked for. The feeling of that moment was the emotion of that all- 
 nameless pulse which strains the heart as much as it will bear. All 
 around seemed to catch the soldier's feeling, and to burn with that 
 living sense of glory, which then beamed in the eyes of those whose 
 patriotic and war-tried spirits had been ennobled and purified by its 
 presence. 
 
 We cannot leave the Theatre, without thus publicly, in the name of 
 those who attended the ball, offering to Mrs. Sharp, the excellent and 
 amiable lady who provided the supper and other refreshments on the 
 occasion, the undissembled and unanimous thanks of every individual 
 
Visit to Virginia. 85 
 
 present, for the very superior and sumptuous fare, which, at only two 
 days' notice, she had provided for so numerous a company. Thus far 
 we have attempted to give an outline of the ceremonies and festivities 
 exhibited on the day of La Fayette's arrival among us. 
 
 On Saturday another and equally interesting scene awaited him. 
 
 The children of Petersburg, about four hundred in number, assem- 
 bled on Poplar Lawn for the purpose of welcoming La Fayette to our 
 town, and to tender to him their infant blessings, and their prayers to 
 heaven for his earthly and eternal happiness. 
 
 At ID o'clock, the children moved in procession from the Lancas- 
 terian school to Poplar-Spring Lawn, where the General arrived at ii 
 o'clock, escorted by the troop of cavalry. The interesting group, 
 composed of the future hopes of our country, having been properly 
 arranged, the General alighted from his carriage, under a salute from 
 the artillery, and having passed in review the light corps assembled on 
 the Lawn, was conducted to the head of the line of children, and on 
 being introduced to Mr. Disosway, the manager on this occasion, he 
 was addressed by that gentleman in the following eloquent and feeling 
 manner : 
 
 " General : In behalf of the children of Petersburg, I bid you a 
 hearty welcome. The offsprings of those venerated men by whose 
 side you fought, and in whose councils you so ably participated, now 
 rise up to hail and to bless you. The most of our fathers have 
 descended to the silent grave, but their children will not forget their 
 father's and their coiintry's friend. Peace to their ashes. 
 
 Now our tones triumphant pour, 
 
 Let them pierce the hero's grave — 
 Life's tumultuous battle's o'er, 
 
 O, how sweetly sleep the brave. 
 From the dust their laurels rise, 
 
 Light they shoot and flourish free, 
 Glory's temper is their tomb. 
 
 Death is immortality. 
 
 " Hallowed be the fields of battle, where our Revolutionary heroes 
 fell ! Lumortality to the memory of the fallen ! Honor to the scars 
 of the living ! Thanks to Divine Providence ! Praise to the bravery 
 of the chief! Gratitude to La Fayette ! 
 
 "The people of the United States look to you, sir, as one of their 
 most honored parents. Our first lessons in childhood were taught us 
 by the aged veteran. They were the stories of Brandy wine, of Mon- 
 
86 General La Fayette's 
 
 mouth, and of Yorktown. There we learned the triumphs of liberty; 
 there we lisped the hero's name, and sympathized with his trials in 
 the dungeon of Olmutz. Accept, then, the hum.ble homage of these 
 young but sincere hearts. 'Tis all they have to offer. They present 
 no splendid parade ; they boast of no ornament more brilliant than 
 the dew-drops of the morning, and prefer that which, to a benevo- 
 lent mind, is of more value, the congratulations of sincere friendship." 
 
 The General returned a suitable reply, and was conducted to the 
 right of the line of children, where he was received and welcomed by 
 Miss Ellen Pearce, on behalf of her infantile sisters and brothers as- 
 .sembled to honor the " Nation's Guest," their fathers' friend, their 
 country's benefactor. The following are the lines that were recited 
 by the charming little Ellen : 
 
 Beholil, loved chief, a grateful hand 
 
 Attends with lieart-lelt jiride on tliee ; 
 Eacli glowing tongue and outstretch'd hand, 
 
 Here bids you welcome 'niongst the free. 
 To you, La Fayette, in part, we owe 
 
 That boon for which our prayers ascend 
 To him, whose goodness will bestow 
 
 Rich blessings on our country's friend. 
 No laurel wreaths or tinsel'd crests 
 
 We bring, around thy brow to twine. 
 But warmly beating in our breasts. 
 
 We give our hearts — for they are thine. 
 Our proudest thought is tliat we're free, ■ 
 
 And grateful to thy youth-drawn blade, 
 Within our hearts is wove for thee 
 
 A wreath that time shall never fade. 
 
 A number of banners, with appropriate mottoes, were displayed to 
 the General, which added greatly to the interest of the scene. 
 
 The General having passed down the extended line of " little inno- 
 cents," to whom he was particularly attentive, and for whose welfare 
 he expressed much solicitude, was then conducted to where a large 
 assemblage of ladies was collected, to whom he was introduced, and 
 by whom he was received with that joy and gladness so characteristic 
 of the warm-hearted females of Virginia. 
 
 This ceremony being over, the troops passed in review before the 
 General, as did also the children. The General then repaired to his 
 barouche, and was escorted to his quarters, and from thence was con- 
 ducted to Niblo's long-room, where a sumptuous cold collation had 
 
Visit to Virginia. 87 
 
 been provided by the corporation. The invited guests, the members 
 of the corporation, the committee of arrangements, and the volun- 
 teers having partaken of this bountiful fare, the festive scene was ter- 
 minated, more feelingly, by drinking the following toast, offered by 
 Mr. Thomas H. Dunn, on behalf of the citizens and volunteers of 
 Petersburg : 
 
 General La Fayette — Our Revolutionary father, the friend of man 
 kmd. He wno bears the world in his heart, should be borne in the 
 heart of the world. 
 
 The General immediately arose, and gave the following parting 
 sentiment : 
 
 '* The Petersburg Volunteers and the Petersburg Canada Company 
 in the late war." 
 
 The company then immediately broke up. The General and suite 
 ascended their carriages, and, accompanied by several of the commit- 
 tee of arrangements and members of the common hall, proceeded 
 on his return to Richmond, escorted by the troop of cavalry, Inde- 
 pendent Volunteers, Republican Blues, La Fayette Juniors, officers of 
 the Thirty-ninth and other regiments, and a large number of ladies 
 and gentlemen in carriages and on horseback. 
 
 At the head of Haxall's lane, the light companies and citizens on 
 foot, retired from the line and took an affectionate leave of the Gen- 
 eral. The ladies, and a number of gentlemen, including the officers 
 on horseback, followed to Swift's creek, where the procession halted 
 for a few minutes, and another deeply interesting parting scene 
 occurred. 
 
 The ceremony being over, the General again started, escorted by 
 the cavalry, and accompanied by the committee of arrangements, &c., 
 and proceeded to the ferry beyond Osborne's, where he was met by 
 the Richmond delegation, into whose care we surrendered him about 
 3 o'clock. Here the Petersburg escort took a silent but an impres- 
 sively feeling farewell of their distinguished guest, and returned to 
 town. 
 
 On reaching the opposite side of the river, the General immediately 
 set out for Richmond, where he was to dine with his Masonic brethren. 
 Thus has terminated the short, but most happy and interesting visit of 
 La Fayette to the town of Petersburg — an event never to be forgotten 
 by its citizens, and which will be treasured in their memory as one of 
 the most happy and pleasing occurrences which they were ever called 
 upon to witness. 
 
88 General La Fayette's 
 
 GENERAL LA FAYETTE S DEPARTURE FROM RICHMOND. 
 
 General La Fayette left us on Tuesday, pleased with all, pleasing 
 all. He is one of those fine originals which can stand the nearest, 
 nicest critical inspection. Not like most great men, who loom with 
 the distance, the nearer you approach him the more you love him. 
 His moral qualities are of the most attractive description, so sweet in 
 his disposition, so delicate and philosophical in all his attractions, .so 
 modest and unassuming his pretensions, so free from all false pride 
 and arrogance, so civil and polished in his manners, without degen- 
 erating into insincerity and flattery. It is scarcely possible to con- 
 ceive a greater sense of propriety in all that he says and does. His 
 mind, too, is so richly stored with the treasures of reading, observa- 
 tion, and reflection ; his common-sense is so true and strong; he has 
 seen so much that others wish to hear, and develops his ideas with so 
 much clearness, fluency, and originality ; he has mixed .so much with 
 the great men and measures of these great times ; his mind is so im- 
 bued with the principles of liberty, and he expounds them with so 
 much enthusiasm, that it is impossible to partake of his society, and to 
 listen to the lore of wisdom which flows from his lips, without the 
 greatest delight and the sincerest veneration. His visit to America 
 will have the effect of raising even much higher in the esteem of the 
 American people, a character which all the world had previously so 
 much admired. 
 
 He was accompanied by the mayor and our volunteer compa 
 nies, and a large troup of our citizens on horseback. The Fayette 
 Guards, and two of the committee of arrangements, accompanied 
 him to Powell's Tavern, about fifteen miles from the city. Here 
 he was received by a part of the committee of arrangements of 
 Goochland county, a detachment of the Goochland troop, and citi- 
 zens. His reception was most cordial, and the citizens and troopers 
 of Richmond were treated with a hospitality which won every heart. 
 About 2 o'clock the General proceeded, with his Goochland escort, to 
 Goochland Courthouse, where a large multitude waited to receive 
 him. He would dine and lodge there, and proceed to Monticello 
 to-morrow. 
 
 GENERAL LA FAYETTE ON HIS TRIUMPHAL MARCH THROUGH THE 
 
 STATE. 
 
 The General and his suite left Richmond on Tuesday, November 
 2d, 1824, on his way to visit Mr. Jefferson, at Monticello. He passed 
 
Visit to Virginia. 89 
 
 through the counties of Goochland and Fluvanna, and the people of 
 those counties met him with the greatest enthusiasm, and btstowed 
 upon him the highest honors their love and gratitude could suggest. 
 Colonel William Gray, marshal of the day, received him in Gooch- 
 land, and with Captain James B. Ferguson's troop, and a large con- 
 course of citizens on horseback, escorted him to the court-house. 
 There he partook of a splendid dinner, prepared by Major Isaac 
 McCord, for the occasion. Colonel William Boiling acted as presi- 
 dent, assisted by Colonels Gray and Guerrant, and many patriotic 
 'toasts were drank by the gentlemen present. The next morning, No- 
 vember 3d, at 9 o'clock, with the same equipage and escort, the Gen- 
 eral left, and took up the line of march for Columbia, where he arrived 
 at half-past 2 in the afternoon. 
 
 General John H. Cocke and Rev. Walker Timberlake, at the head 
 of a large number of citizens, met him and conducted him to the 
 hotel, where Captain John G. Miller received him with an appropriate 
 address, to which the General replied in handsome terms. He was 
 then conducted into the house, where the party sat down to a hand- 
 some collation, which had been prepared by the committe of arrange- 
 ments of Fluvanna. W. H. Roane and Colonel Campbell, aids of 
 the Governor, were among the guests. Mrs Lee, who provided the 
 dinner, was much commended for the abundant, neat, and tasty pre- 
 paration, which she had effected at two days' notice. 
 
 At half- past 3 o'clock, the General set off, with his escort, for Wil- 
 mington, where they arrived at thirty-five minutes after 4 o'clock p. M. 
 The carriage in which the General rode, was drawn by four splendid 
 English stallions of the true Hunter's -reed, and they acquitted them- 
 selves in a manner worthy of their ancestry, having accomplished a 
 distance of more than nine miles in an hour and five minutes. At 
 Wilmington he was received by a committee and addressed by John 
 Timberlake, Jr., Esq. He was introduced to a large number of ladies 
 and gentlemen, and they had a good old-fashioned old Virginia hos- 
 pitable time of it. Mr. Horatio Wells, who furnished this entertain- 
 ment, received the thanks of the committee and citizens, and every- 
 thing which the county afforded was served up in a manner and style 
 entirely satisfactory. 
 
 At the dinner. General Cocke presided, assisted by Captain J. G. 
 Miller, John Timberlake, Jr., and George Stillman, Esq. Various 
 volunteer toasts were given by Colonel Barret G. Payne, George M. 
 Payne, Captain Robert Ware, Peter R. Johnson, John G. Miller, 
 George Stillman, Colonel Strange, Captain Peter Guerrant, Edward 
 
90 General La Fayette's 
 
 J. Magruder, Dr. Wills,. John Timberlake, Jr., Dr. Miller, Dr. Lewis, 
 Dr. Jones, Captain Petit, Mr. Mclntire, Major Magruder, Colonel 
 Richardson. W. M. Carey, Colonel Payne, VV. Kev, W. P. Harden, 
 and Horatio Wills. 
 
 General La Fayette, his suite, and companions, set out from Wil- 
 mington on Thursday morning, at lo o'clock, accompanied by Gen- 
 eral Cocke, Colonel Carey, Colonel Strange, Captain Winn, Cap- 
 tain Magruder, Dr. Wills, Dr. Lewis, Dr. Jones, and Mr. George 
 Stillman, of the committee, with a large number of citizens, and 
 arrived at Miss Boyd's, in Albemarle, a distance of sixteen miles, at 
 about 12 o'clock. Here he took an affectionate farewell of his Flu- 
 vanna friends, and set off for Monticello, accompanied by the com- 
 mittee from Albemarle, and the Albemarle company of Fayette Guards, 
 and followed by the prayers of all he left behind him, for his health, 
 and years, and happiness. 
 
 When the General approached the county line of Albemarle, he 
 found the citizens drawn up in a line, under the direction of Major 
 Clarke, and the troop of cavalry formed an imposing appearance, in 
 full line, on the opposite side of the road. Captain Craven formed 
 his troop into a hollow square, of which the General was the centre. 
 Mr. William C. Rives then delivered an address to him, in a graceful 
 and impressive manner, to which the General made a suitable reply. 
 After these ceremonies were over, and the party had partaken of 
 refreshments, they set off for Monticello. The landau of Mr. Jeffer- 
 son, drawn by four greys, was allotted to the General, Mr. Rives, 
 and Thomas J. Randolph, chairman of the committee of arrange- 
 ments ; and they were escorted by the guards and a large body of citi- 
 zens, who were marshalled into order by Captain Craven. Nothing 
 could surpass in beauty and grandeur, the march of a long and ani- 
 mated procession through the meanderings of a mountain road, as it 
 winded around the hill ; and as they descended to the river, below the 
 little town of Milton, the General himself drew the attention of his 
 immediate companions to the moving scenery around him, and highly 
 complimented the imposing appearance of the Guards. To an indif- 
 ferent spectator, if any could be indifferent, it seemed that thousands 
 of freemen had sprung up from the hills, and woods, and mountains, to 
 
 '. ... a.i,va! aiHJ shout the welcome of their country's friend. 
 
 At 2 o'clock^ the approach of the procession up Monticello moun- 
 tain was announced by the bugle, and when the echo of its notes was 
 heard, those persons who had assembled at an early hour to witness 
 the General's arrival, formed themselves into a line on the northern 
 
Visit to Virginia. 91 
 
 margin of the circular yard in front of the house. The cavalry 
 ranged themselves on the opposite side of the yard ; a deep silence 
 prevailed, while every eye turned with eagerness to the point where 
 the General's appearance was expected. The next moment, the car- 
 riages drew up in front of the building. As soon as the General 
 drove up, Mr. Jefferson advanced to meet him, with feeble steps, but 
 as he approached, his feelings seemed to triumph over the infirmities of 
 age, and as the General descended they hastened into each other's 
 arms. They embraced again and again ; tears were shed by both, and 
 the broken expressions, " God bless you, General;" "Bless you, my 
 dear Jefferson," was all that interrupted the impressive silence of the 
 scene, except the audible sobs of many, whose emotion could not be 
 suppressed. 
 
 The next day (Friday) the deputation committee and the Guards 
 were at Monticello to receive him. The General, Mr. Jefferson, and 
 Mr. Madison, in the landau, preceded by them, proceeded to Char- 
 lottesville, where, at the Central Hotel, he was addressed by the chair- 
 man of the committee, to whom he replied appropriately. 
 
 The procession was formed at 12 o'clock, and marched to the Uni- 
 versity in the following order : 
 
 Chief Marshal, with two aids; President of the day; the General, 
 Mr. Jefferson, and Mr. Madison, in a landau drawn by four grey 
 horses ; General's son and staff, in a carriage with two cream-colored 
 horses ; Visitors of the University of Virginia, in a carriage ; stand- 
 ing committees ; magistrates ; cavalry ; Junior Volunteers ; citizens 
 on horseback ; citizens on foot. 
 
 It moved slowly to the University — nothing could be more orderly 
 performed ; each man, from the accuracy of his movements, seemed 
 to have been drilled to his duty. The Fayette Guards were quick 
 and expert in their evolutions ; the citizens orderly and decorous. 
 Throughout the day the arrangements were never broken ; there was 
 no ebullition of the passions, no violation of decorum ; it was the 
 decorum of respect. 
 
 As the University came suddenly in view, a thousand of the daugh- 
 ters of the mountains, raised aloft on the terraces, waved their white 
 handkerchiefs in the air. It was beautiful. His escort, the country's 
 chivalry; his reception, its loveliness. They wended around the east- 
 ern street of the University, and came to the bottom of the Lawn. 
 The procession dismounted and formed on foot. The first objects 
 that attracted the view were three flags floating on the top of the ro- 
 
92 General La Fayette's 
 
 tunda — on the largest, in broad letters, "Welcome, our Country's 
 Guest." 
 
 There was a moral sublimity in the scene which beggars description. 
 On the very spot where now wjlked, arm in arm, a hero of the Revo- 
 lution, with two of its sages ; a spot where the youngest scion of 
 science had been planted by the patriarchal hand of Jefferson, his last 
 public care — we had almost said, his last comfort — on that spot, thus 
 consecrated, were now assembled all the beauty and chivalry of the 
 country, to bid the father of their country, hail. From the steps of the 
 rotunda, William F. Gordon delivered an address to the General, 
 suitable to the occasion, to which the General replied as follows : 
 
 THE general's REPLY. 
 
 " I am happy, sir, once more to receive the kind welcome of the citi- 
 zens of Albemarle, and this day receive it under the beautiful pan- 
 theon of this rising University, the advantages of which, not only to 
 this part of the United States, but to the cause of mankind, so elo- 
 quently expressed by you, I rejoice to acknowledge ; nor do I in 
 anything more cordially sympathize with you, than in the mention you 
 have made of the venerable friend, whom, if there was but one univer- 
 sity in the world, the enlightened men of both hemispheres would in 
 common elect to preside over universal information. 
 
 " Be pleased, sir, to accept the tribute of my respectful gratitude to 
 you and your fellow-citizens of Albemarle." 
 
 DINNER IN THE ROTUNDA. 
 
 At 3 o'clock, the General was invited to dinner, prepared in the 
 upper room of the rotunda. The tables were beautifully arranged, in 
 three concentric circles. Over the place assigned to the General, was 
 an arch of living laurel, beautifully entwined around two columns that 
 supported the gallery. Mr. V. W. Southall, in the absence of Col. 
 Randolph, presided, the General first on his right, then Mr Jefferson 
 and Mr. Madison ; on his left, George W. Lafayette and his suite. 
 The table was calculated to seat four hundred persons, and it was full. 
 The meats were excellent, and each eye around us beamed content- 
 ment. It was contentment arising from the performance of the most 
 sacred, the most grateful duty. It was the offering of liberty to him 
 who had gratuitously aided to achieve it. In the language of Mr. 
 Madison, it was " Liberty, where virtue was the guest, and gratitude 
 the feast." 
 
Visit to Virginia. 93 
 
 When the cloth was removed, various regular toasts were drunk ; 
 and when the following toast was announced, " Thomas Jefferson and 
 the Declaration of Independence — alike identified witli the cause of 
 liberty," Mr. Jefferson handed to Mr. Southall the following speech, 
 which he read in a loud and audible voice : 
 
 MR. Jefferson's speech. 
 
 " I will avail myself of this occasion, my beloved neighbors and 
 friends, to thank you for the kindness which now, and at all times, I 
 have received at your hands. Born and bred among your fathers, 
 led by their partiality into the line of public life, I labored, in fellow- 
 ship with them, through the arduous struggle, which, freeing us from 
 foreign bondage, established us in the rights of self-government ; 
 rights which have blessed ourselves, and will bless, in their sequence, 
 all the nations of the earth. In this contest, all did our utmost, and 
 as none could do more, none had pretensions to superior merit. 
 
 " I joy, my friends, in your joy, inspired by the visit of this, our 
 ancient and distinguished leader and benefactor. His deeds in the 
 war of independence you have heard and read. They are known to 
 you, and embalmed in your memories, and in the pages of faithful his- 
 tory. His deeds in the peace that followed that war are, perhaps, not 
 known to you, but I can attest them. When I was stationed in his 
 country for the purpose of cementing its friendship with ours, and of 
 advancing our mutual interests, this friend of both, was my most pow- 
 erful auxiliary and advocate. He made our cause his own, as in truth 
 it was that of his native country also. His influence and connections 
 there were great. All doors of all departments were open to him at 
 all times. In truth, I only held the nail, he drove it. Honor him, 
 then, as your benefactor in peace as well as in war. ^ 
 
 " My friends, I am old ; long in the disuse of making speeches, and I 
 without voice to utter them. In this feeble state, the exhausted pow- 
 ers of life leave little within my competence for your service. If with 
 the aid of my younger and abler coadjutors, I can still contribute any- 
 thing to advance the institution, within whose walls we are now min- 
 gling manifestations to this our guest, it will be, as it has ever been, 
 cheerfully and zealously bestowed. And could I live to see it once 
 enjoy the patronage and cherishment of our public authorities with 
 undivided voice, I should die without a doubt of the future fortunes of 
 my native state, and in the consoling contemplation of the happy in- 
 fluence of this institution on its character, its virtue, its prosperity, 
 and safety. 
 
I 
 
 J 
 
 94 General La Fayette's 
 
 " To these effusions for the cradle and land of my birth, I add, for 
 our nation at large, the aspirations of a heart warm with the love of 
 country ; whose invocations to heaven for its indissoluble union will 
 be fervent and unremitting, while the pulse of life continues to beat, 
 and when that ceases, it will expire in prayers for the eternal duration 
 of its freedom and prosperity." 
 
 Volunteer toasts were proposed by Chas. L. Bankhead, A. S. Brock- 
 enbrough, John Coles, Dr. Charles Everette, Th. J. Randolph, G. 
 Moseler, J. B. Benson, C. P. McKennie, F. Eppes, James W. Dabney, 
 Daniel F. Carr, D. M. Rinley, T. W. Gilmer, W. C. Rives, Peter 
 Minor, Dr. C. Carter, Thomas W. Maury, F. B. Dyer, James Dins- 
 more, D. H. Bramham, V. W. Southall, C. F. Pope, James Lcitch, 
 Richard Duke, Colonel William Woods, Dr Mann Page, Colonel S. 
 Carr, Charles Downing, S. Hurd, N. P. Frist, John Campbell, A. G. 
 Monroe. 
 
 When the toast in honor of General La Fayette was announced, it 
 was received with enthusiastic cheering ; the lofty dome of the rotunda 
 reechoed back the sound : it ro'led in billowy volumes around the 
 spacious hall, and sunk in the stillness of enthusiasm. When Mr. Jef- 
 ferson's speech was read, the General was moved to tears ; he grasped 
 the hand of the venerable friend who penned it, and sobbed aloud. 
 Oh, there is something magical and contagious in the tears of a great 
 man of acknowledged firmness ; there is something awful in that 
 power that breaks open the deep fountains of the heart until they ovor- 
 flow ! 
 
 When the regular toast, " James Madison, the ablest expositor of 
 the Constitution — his commentaries of '98 will be forgotten only with 
 the text," was announced, Mr. Madison arose, made a short response, 
 and ended by proposing the following toast: " Liberty, which has 
 virtue for its guest and gratitude for its feast." 
 
 Mr. Southall presided with great dignity, and none who were present 
 will ever forget the enthusiasm of this reception. Indeed, the whole 
 scene at the University, the buildings and their immortal projector, 
 supported by Mr. Madison and the hero of the Revolution, second 
 only to Washington in war, is beyond our powers of description. 
 
 HE LEAVES FOR ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 Charlottesville, November igih. At an early hour on Monday 
 morning last, the Fayette Guards assembled for the purpose of con- 
 ducting General La Fayette to the county of Orange. At 9 o'clock, 
 
Visit to Virginia. 95 
 
 the troops formed in front of Mr. Jefferson's house. The General and 
 suite, after taking an affectionate leave of Mr. Jefferson and fam'ily, 
 ascended their carriages, and were in readiness to depart on their 
 journey. General La Fayette, Mr. Thomas J. Randolph, and Mr. 
 Valentine W. Southall, occupied Mr. Jefferson's landau, drawn by 
 four handsome greys ; another carrriage was allotted to the General's 
 suite, and a neat wagon for the baggage. At the sound of the bugle, 
 the whole train moved off in handsome style, the carriages preceded 
 by a small number of the escort, and followed by the main body. 
 Gordonsville was the point designated for the reception by the citizens 
 of Orange; During the whole passage to that place from Monticello, 
 the inhabitants from either side of the road, notwithstanding the in- 
 clemency of the weather, crowded to the highway, manifesting the 
 same interest, the same enthusiasm, the same veneration and affection, 
 which have everywhere been felt on the approach of this illustrious 
 benefactor of man. Persons of every age, sex, and condition, seemed 
 anxious to behold and to honor the "Nation's Guest." Ever and 
 anon, were discernible from the neighboring farm-houses, the fair 
 daughters of the mountains, waving their white 'kerchiefs in attesta- 
 tion of the same feelings which pervaded the animated groups of their 
 fathers, husbands, and brothers, who had assembled on the borders of 
 the highway. 
 
 At I o'clock, the General, suite, and escort, arrived at Gordonsville, 
 where a deputation and escort were in waiting to conduct the General 
 to Montpelier. As soon as he descended from his carriage, James 
 Barbour, Esq., senator in Congress from this State, received him, and 
 gave him a warm and hearty welcome to the county. The General 
 and suite were then conducted into Mr. Thornton's Tavern, where 
 refreshments had been prepared for them. The room was beautifully 
 decorated with evergreens and natural flowers, which were tastefully 
 entwined around the curtains, and others, bound together and hung in 
 delightful festoons, over the windows, doors, and mantel-piece. It was 
 the ingenious work of Mrs. Thornton and the Miss Gordons. 
 
 At 2 o'clock, after taking an affectionate leave of the escort, and 
 other gentlemen from Albemarle, the General and suite resumed their 
 journey to Montpelier, in the carriages provided by the Orange dele- 
 gation, and escorted by the mounted volunteers under Captain Macon, 
 where they were affectionately received by Mr. Madison. The General 
 remained at Montpelier until Friday, when, attended by Mr. Madison, 
 the committee of arrangements, Captain Macon's volunteers, and 
 many citizens, he proceeded to Orange Courthouse. On his arrival 
 
96 General La Fayette's 
 
 there, an extended line of citizens presented itself, along which he 
 proceeded. When he alighted, he was received with acclamation. 
 After awhile, he was conducted by the committee, surrounded by a 
 few of his brother officers of the Revolution and accompanied by Mr. 
 Madison, into a spacious hall, filled to overflowing with ladies, to 
 whose exclusive use the room had been appropriated, when he was met 
 by Governor Barbour, whose position commanded the comj^any within 
 and without the room, who delivered, with much feeling, an eloquent 
 address, appropriate to the occasion. The General was sensibly 
 affected, and made a graceful reply. A bouquet of flowers was then 
 presented him by Miss Darby, with an affectionate address, to which 
 he kindly replied. 
 
 He was introduced to the ladies, who manifested their gratitude and 
 joy, in their own bewitching way, so readily performed by them, but 
 so impossible to be described. The citizens were formed in double 
 lines in the street, between which he passed, shaking each by the 
 hand. Now and then, some venerable-looking man, a soldier of the 
 Revolution, presented himself. The greeting was cordial and affect- 
 ing, presenting a scene whose pathos reached every heart. 
 
 At 3 o'clock, accompanied by ex-President Madison, several Revo- 
 lutionary soldiers, and about two hundred guests, he sat down to a 
 dinner, prepared with great taste and elegance by Messrs. Verdier & 
 Shephard. Governor Barbour presided, supported by four vice-presi- 
 dents. 
 
 Thirteen regular toasts were announced, and among them was the 
 following : 
 
 " Our countryman, James Madison — Pure in private, as illustrious in 
 public life: we love the man, and venerate the statesman." 
 
 When this toast was given, Mr. Madison very feelingly expressed 
 himself, as follows : 
 
 MR. Madison's speech. 
 
 " I am very thankful, my friends and fellow citizens, for the 
 token of regard you have given me. It is peculiarly valuable, as 
 coming from those, in the midst of whom I have lived, and for 
 whom I have such sincere respect. I cannot, however, disguise 
 from myself that your partiality greatly overrates my public ser- 
 vices. But I am justified in saying, that you cannot overrate the 
 intentions with which they were rendered, such as they may have been, 
 or my gratitude to my country for the honorable trusts it conferred on 
 me. Nor ought I to withhold the expression of my particular grati- 
 
Visit to Virginia. 97 
 
 tude to the worthy citizens of the county of Orange. Their suffrages 
 introduced me into the public career which occupied so great a portion 
 of my life, and in every stage of which I experienced from them all 
 the kindness and support I could hope for or desire. 
 
 " But, how can I speak of gratitude, without being reminded, by 
 the occasion, of what we all owe, of what the nation itself owes, to its 
 great benefactor, whom we are gratified with now having for our 
 guest ? Besides those signal and critical services which are most 
 known to the world, and which call for every proof of gratitude which 
 our country can give, he has endeared himself by his persevering devo- 
 tion to the great principles of our Revolution, and by his zeal, truly 
 American, in maintaining our rights, our honor, and our interests, as 
 a free and independent people. In his absence, I could say much, 
 which I cannot trust my feelings to utter in his presence. But were he 
 absent, I could not say more than would be due, nor more than I am 
 sure would be echoed by every heart present." 
 
 VARIOUS VOLUNTEER TOASTS 
 
 were then given by the following gentlemen, all of which were expres 
 sive of true patriotic sentiments, and of admiration and affection for 
 La Fayette, viz : George W. La Fayette, Philip P. Barbour, Frederick 
 Harris, Reynolds Chapman, John Gibson, Robert L. Madison, Philip 
 Slaughter, Laurence T. Dade, Joseph Clark, James D. Dillard, C. C. 
 Macon, W. D. Clark, James Collins, George W. Spotswood, Jackson 
 Morton, Jere Morton, S. Stubblefield, J. C. Harris, Wm. Rhoades, 
 and Col. Robert Mallory. 
 
 The company broke up, at 5 o'clock, amid heart-felt rejoicing. 
 
 The General and his suite left Orange Courthouse on the i6th. The 
 citizens of the lower end of the county had erected, with great taste, 
 a triumphal arch, immediately at the intersection of the ro^d, which 
 yet bears the General's name, from its having been the theatre of his 
 military operations. It was adorned with the evergreen of the forest 
 with which it is surrounded, and with emblems and sentiments most 
 flattering to the general. He was addressed by Mr. G. in a style 
 suited to the occasion, to which the General replied ; upon which, a 
 little girl advanced, and, as the representative of a large group of 
 girls of her own age, presented herself to the General, and, addressing 
 him affectionately, she and her companions strewed his paths with 
 flowers. After which, the General proceeded to "The Wilderness," 
 where he was cordially welcomed by the deputation from Fredericks- 
 burg and the surrounding counties. 
 
 13 
 
98 General La Fayette's 
 
 RECEPTION OF GENERAL LA FAYETTE IN FREDERICKSBUGR. 
 
 The General and his suite arrived on Saturday, the 20th of Novem- 
 ber. He was met at "The Wilderness " by a corps of about forty 
 officers, under the command of Colonel Gulielmus Smith, of Spotsyl- 
 vania ; Colonel George M. Cooke, of Stafford ; and Colonel John 
 Stuart, of Prince George, and the deputation from Fredericksburg, 
 who served as an escort to conduct him to town. He and his suite 
 were conveyed in two carriages, each drawn by four horses. In one, 
 was seated the General, Captain Lewis, and Colonel Barbour ; and in 
 the other, George Washington La Fayette, Mr. Le Vasseur, and Colonel 
 Hugh Mercer. Just at sunset, the party reached the parade-ground, 
 west of Fredericksburg, in the following order : 
 
 Two marshals; Colonel Smith; Committee of Arrangements; Guest 
 in carriage, drawn by four white horses; Colonels Stewart and Cooke ; 
 Second Corps of Officers ; General's suite in carriage, drawn by four 
 black horses ; citizens on horseback. 
 
 As the General approached the parade-ground, the military, com- 
 manded by Major O. M. Crutchfield, and aided by Captain Duff 
 Green, were formed in line upon the left, and parallel with the turn- 
 pike road, in the following order : 
 
 On the right of the whole, a company composed of youths, between 
 twelve and sixteen years of age, neatly uniformed and armed with 
 pikes, called the La Fayette Cadets, under the command of Colonel 
 William F. Gray, by whose skill and diligence they had been trained 
 to the most exact precision in all their evolutions. This corps of little 
 military gave inexpressible interest to this and all subsequent military 
 exhibitions. Next to them was stationed Captain Duff Green's hand- 
 some company of Riflemen, from Falmouth ; next in order, the Rifle 
 Company of Captain T. H. Botts ; and upon their left, the Washing- 
 ton Guards — all of them handsomely uniformed and equipped. In 
 the centre of the whole line, the Marine Band from Washington, which 
 was politely lent by Colonel Henderson for the occasion. 
 
 As the General and suite advanced up on the right, the whole line 
 saluted, and as they cleared the left, Colonel Stanard, who was ap- 
 prised by signs, fired the Federal salute from thd artilery stationed in 
 the suburbs, and thus announced to the eager and anxious citizens the 
 approach of their father, the friend and benefactor of mankind. In 
 the rear of the military, and under the direction of Major H, M. Pat- 
 ton, chief marshal, aided by Captain James Green, between two and 
 
Visit to Virginia. 99 
 
 three hundred citizens, from the town and neighborhood, on hosre- 
 back, were arranged in line, and added greatly to the beauty and effect 
 of this most imposing and gratifying spectacle. 
 
 As daylight began to close, the procession moved into town, and 
 advanced down Hanover into Caroline street, and the darkness began 
 to impair, in some degree, its imposing effect. But without any pre- 
 vious notice or concert, lights beamed from window to window, until 
 almost a general illumination lighted its march. The procession having 
 arrived at the corner of the Farmers Hotel, on Caroline street, sud- 
 denly the adjacent houses on both sides of the street were beautifully 
 and tastefully illuminated, and the effect was as gratifying as unex- 
 pected. It would be unjust to omit noticing the beautiful and appro- 
 priate transparency exhibited in front of the residence of H. Marshall, 
 Esquire, in which the features of General La Fayette were correctly 
 delineated. An angel hovered over his head — the genius of Liberty 
 stood by his side, and blew from her trump, "Welcome, La Fayette!" 
 Underneath was written : 
 
 "A name inscribed deeply on the roll of fame; 
 It shall descend honored to the latest posterity." 
 
 Its effect upon the assembled multitude was evinced by a slight 
 pause in the procession, and whispered sounds of applause. 
 
 When the procession reached the Town Hall, the General was re- 
 ceived by the Mayor, who addressed him in a handsome speech and 
 tendered to him a cordial welcome, to which the General made a feli- 
 citous reply, after which the General was conducted around by the 
 Masonic Hall into Caroline street, and up to his apartments in the spa- 
 cious building of Mr. James Ross, who had, in a manner which does 
 much honor to his zeal and generosity, surrendered his house and fur- 
 niture to the corporation for the occasion. These apartments had 
 been embellished and furnished in a style of the utmost neatness and 
 comfort, under the direction of the ladies, with the assistance of the 
 committee appointed for the purpose. Immediately on his arrival 
 here, refreshments were presented, and soon afterwards the guest and 
 his suite, and many of the genlemen who had been in attendance 
 during the day, sat down to a very handsome dinner. About 9 o'clock 
 the General and his suite, accompanied by the Mayor and Colonel 
 Mercer, were conveyed to the Farmers Hotel, to be present at a 
 splendid ball, which wanted nothing that expense could procure, or 
 taste could embellish, to make complete. It was attended by an over- 
 flowing company from all the adjoining counties, and seldom has an 
 
100 General La Fayette's 
 
 occasion been graced by so much beauty, or enjoyed with such decent 
 festivity. 
 
 On Sunday, the General visited "Fredericksburg Lodge, No. 4." 
 The spacious hall was completely filled. The ceremonies were touch- 
 ing and solemn. The perfect order, profound silence, and deferential 
 respect, which was evinced by each individual, spoke in plainer lan- 
 guage than words, the intense feeling that pervaded the assembly. 
 The General had previously been elected an honorary member of the 
 lodge. On his entrance, as his name was announced, the members 
 rose, and tlie Worshipful Master, Col. Wm. F. Gray, descending from 
 his seat, addressed him in an interesting speech. Among other things, 
 he said : 
 
 " On this occasion, my brother, it cannot be uninteresting to you, 
 as the early friend and companion-in-arms of our beloved Washing- 
 ton, to know that this lodge boasts the honor of being his parent- 
 lodge. Our records assure us, that on the 4th day of November, A. 
 L. 5752, the light of Masonry here first burst upon his sight ; and that, 
 within the pale of this lodge, he subsequently sought and obtained 
 further illumination. Here he first studied those liberal, tolerant, and 
 benevolent principles of our order, which have since, under heaven, 
 been, through him and his worthy compatriots, so happily diffused 
 through the free institutions of our government. He is gone from 
 among us, but the recollection of his services, and his virtues, is indel- 
 ibly engraven on our hearts. We feel a peculiar gratification, my 
 honored brother, in beholding you standing where he has so often 
 stood, and assisted in our labors of love. We would gladly avail our- 
 selves of the occasion to testify to you our respect and fraternal 
 regard, by receiving you into this our household. I have the pleasure 
 of informing you that this lodge has to-day elected you an honorary 
 member; and I am instructed to express to you our united, earnest 
 request, that you will, before you leave us, inscribe your name upon 
 the list of members. It already bears the names of Washington, 
 Mercer, Woodtbrd, Weedon, and many others distinguished for their 
 virtues, and whose names live in our country's history. It will be a 
 lasting source of honorable pride to know that it also bears the name 
 of La Fayette. Future members will peruse the proceedings of this 
 day, and will delight to trace the characters inscribed by your hand." 
 
 The General handsomely acknowledged the compliment conferred 
 upon him, and said : 
 
 " The pleasure I ever feel in our fraternal meetings, cannot but be 
 enhanced, on this occasion, by the consideration that in this city the 
 
Visit to Virginia. 101 
 
 first lessons of childhood — in this lodge, the first lights of Masonry — 
 were conferred on the man who was first in all our hearts. In 
 Masonry, he was our brother ; in matters of State, he was our father. 
 I shall be happy, sir, to see my name with those respected names, most 
 dear to my heart, which you have just mentioned. And I beg you all, 
 my brethren, to accept my affectionate .thanks for the favor you have 
 conferred on me, and which you, sir, have been pleased so kindly to 
 announce." 
 
 After these ceremonies were concluded, under the auspices of his 
 Masonic brethren the Geneial attended the Episcopal church, where 
 the Rev. Ed. C. McGuire officiated. After service, the General was 
 conducted to his apartments, where he dined with a small company, 
 in which were Judges Brooke and Coalter, and some few other citi- 
 zens. He spent the evening in the company of a few of the relatives of 
 Washmgton at Captain Robert Lewis's. 
 
 On Monday, at lo o'clock, the military, accompanied by the La 
 Fayette Cadets, proceeded to escort the General from his quarters to 
 the Town Hall, and the General, alone in a chariotee drawn by four 
 white horses, accompanied by the mayor and several distinguished 
 persons in a carriage drawn by four black horses, the whole preceded 
 by a corps of officers under the command of Colonels Cooke and Stuart, 
 proceeded through the principal streets of the town, surrounded and 
 followed by strangers and citizens, all evincing the utmost solicitude 
 to behold him. As he passed, the fair sex greeted him in every direc- 
 tion, and upon his arrival at the hall, hundreds of ladies thronged to 
 welcome him. Here he was introduced to all who desired to greet 
 him. At half-past 2 o'clock, the General and his suite were conducted 
 to Mr. Gray's tavern, where a most sumptuous dinner had been pro- 
 vided, to which about one hundred and twenty persons sat down, 
 among whom were Hon. F. T. Brooke, Major Gabriel Long, and 
 Colonel A. Maury, and other surviving officers and soldiers of the 
 Revolution, The mayor presided at the first table, supported by Cap- 
 tain George Buckner, vice-president ; and at the second, Judge 
 Brooke, aided by Colonel Thomas Minor, vice-president. After the 
 regular toasts were announced and drank, volunteer sentiments were 
 offered by the mayor, Mr. Le Vasseur, Colonel Hugh Mercer, Wil- 
 liam Bernard, Mr. Herard, and other gentlemen. 
 
 At 5 o'clock, a damp was thrown upon the whole company by its 
 being announced that the carriages waited to conduct the General on 
 his way to Washington. The feeling evinced can only be known to 
 those who have experienced how distressing it is to separate from 
 
102 General La Fayette's 
 
 those they love, when it is probable they " part to meet no more. " 
 For a mile or two, the road was thronged by the eager crowd, com- 
 posed of ladies of the first respectability, and of all ages, who en- 
 countered on foot the dangers and inconvenience of the situation to 
 bid him adieu, again and again. 
 
 At the boundary of Stafford county, the military from Fredericks- 
 burg and Falmouth, with the La Fayette Cadets, formed in line, and 
 the General bid them an affectionate adieu, and it was here that the 
 committee of arrangements, through their officers, surrendered the 
 conduct of the procession to the care of Colonel Cooke, and other 
 officers and citizens of Stafford. The Colonel welcomed the guest in 
 an affectionate and eloquent address, to which a feeling reply was 
 given ; at the conclusion of which the procession moved on to the 
 steamboat landing, distant eight miles, where an anxious crowd were 
 assembled to greet and bid him adieu, and accordingly, escorted him 
 to the steamboat amidst the blaze of torches and the music of the 
 Marine Band. While the citizens were surrendering, with lingering 
 compliance, to their brethren of Stafford, the charge of the personage 
 around whom their affections were clinging with so much warmth, a 
 little incident originated in the spontaneous effusion of the Cadets, 
 which greatly heightened the feeling of the separation. When the 
 carriage stopped in Stafford, this little corps was drawn up alongside 
 of it. The General, bowing to them from the window, with the ten- 
 derest affection, said, " Farewell, my little Guards. " In voices of 
 faltering love, they all immediately responded, " Farewell, La Fay- 
 ette." The sounds were caught along the line, and in hoarser echoes, 
 "Farewell, La Fayette," was exclaimed by all. 
 
 The following gentlemen were appointed the committee of arrange- 
 ments, by the citizens of Fredericksburg, to make all suitable prepara- 
 tions for the General's accommodation and entertainment, while he 
 sojourned in that town, which service they performed in a handsome 
 manner : 
 
 Robert Lewis, mayor ; Claiborne Wiglesworth, recorder ; Thomas 
 Minor, Benjamin Alsop, Waller Holladay, Hugh Mercer, Richard 
 Johnson, Alexander F. Rose, Enock Mason, Garrett Minor, Hugh M. 
 Patton, Duff Green, J. T. Lomax, O. M. Crutchfield, Carter L. Steven- 
 son, Thomas Seddon, Robert S. Chew, Thomas B. Barton, David 
 Briggs, William Jackson, Henry T. Phillips, and John S. Wellford. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 103 
 
 VISIT TO JAMES MONROE AT OAKHILL. 
 
 General La Fayette, before leaving the country, desired again to see 
 some of his old Virginia friends, and especially him, who, as the head 
 of the Government, had first welcomed him to the capital. He men- 
 sioned the subject to Mr. Adams, who offered to accompany him on 
 this visit, saying: ''that he would gladly take this occasion to go and 
 present to his predecessor his tribute of veneration and attachment.'' 
 
 On the 6th of August, we set out for Oakhill (says Mr. Le Vasseur), 
 the seat of Mr. Monroe, which is thirty-seven miles from Washington, 
 without an escort. Mr. Adams took the General and Mr. George La 
 Fayette, with one of his friends, in his carriage. I rode in a tilbury 
 with the President's son. At the Potomac bridge we stopped to pay 
 the toll, and the gate-keeper, after counting the company and horses, 
 received the money from the President, and allowed us to pass on ; 
 but we had gone a very short distance, when we heard some one bawl- 
 ing after us, " Mr. President ! Mr. President ! You have given eleven 
 pence too little ! " Presently the gate-keeper arrived, out of breath, 
 holding out the change he had received, and explaining the mistake 
 made. The President heard him attentively, reexamined the money, 
 and agreed that he was right, and ought to have another eleven pence. 
 Just as the President was taking out his purse, the gate-keeper recog- 
 nized General La Fayette in his carriage, and wished to return his 
 toll, declaring that all gates and bridges were free to the nation's 
 guest. Mr. Adams told him, that on this occasion General La Fayette 
 travelled altogether privately, and not as the nation's guest, but 
 simply as a friend of the President, and, therefore, was entitled to no 
 exemption. With this reasoning, our gate-keeper was satisfied, and' 
 received the money. Thus, during the course of his voyages in the 
 United States, the General was but once subjected to the common 
 rule of paying, and it was exactly upon the day in which he travelled 
 with the Chief Magistrate — a circumstance which, probably, in every 
 other country, would have conferred the privilege of passing free. 
 
 We found the ex-President of the United States, now a farmer, 
 pleasantly settled, with all his family, in a handsome house near his 
 farm. Some of Mr. Monroe's friends had assembled to assist him in 
 entertaining La Fayette. We passed three days in their company, and 
 then the inhabitants of Leesburg, a small adjacent village, came, in 
 company with the Loudoun County militia, to invite the presence of 
 the nation's guest to an entertainment prepared for him. 
 
104 General La Fayette's 
 
 RECEPTION AT LEESBURG. 
 
 On Tuesday morning, the 9th of August, 1825, Mr. Ball, a member 
 of the committee of arrangements, and Mr. Henderson, of the town 
 council, waited on the illustrious guests, at Mr. Monroe's mansion, and 
 invited them to Leesburg. The General and his suite bade adieu to 
 the family of Mr. Monroe, and escorted by the troops of cavalry, 
 commanded by Captains Chichester and Bradfield, set out for Lees- 
 burg. The General, the President of the United States, the ex-Presi- 
 dent, and Mr. Henderson, occupied a very handsome carriage, drawn 
 by four elegant bay horses, provided for the occasion. Mr. G. W. 
 La Fayette, Colonel Le Vasseur, and Mr. Ball, followed in another, 
 and Judge Hay and the son of the President followed in the carriage 
 of the President, and were themselves followed by other gentlemen, 
 the visitors of the ex-President, invited to partake of the hospitalities 
 of the county and village. 
 
 The carriages proceeded to Leesburg, a distance of about nine 
 miles, escorted by the cavalry and an advanced guard, commanded by 
 Lieutenant Selden. As the procession drew near, the advance was 
 announced by a national saluta, fired by Captain Shreve's company of 
 artillery. Multitudes of people lined the road, and crowded forward 
 to behold the veteran apostle of Liberty, attended by the Chief Magis- 
 trate of a great and free people, and by one of his brave companions- 
 in-arms, himself recently retired from the first honors of the republic. 
 
 The guest of the nation, with his honored friends, alighted in the 
 field of William M. McCarty, Esq., where, in the shade of an oak, he 
 was introduced to Cuthbert Powell, Esq., chairman of the committee 
 of arrangements, who welcomed him in terms of respect and affection, 
 apt to the occasion, and in a manner at once feeling and grateful ; to 
 which General La Fayette replied, with that felicity which seems 
 never to forsake him. He was then introduced to the committee of 
 arrangements, and to General Rust, the marshal of the day, and his 
 aids. The General then received the military, assembled to honor 
 him, consisting of two volunteer troops of cavalry, commanded by 
 Captains Chichester and Bradfield ; and two rifle companies, com- 
 manded by Captains Henry and Humphries ; and two companies of 
 light infantry, commanded by Captains Moore and Cockerill, who, by 
 their equipments and discipline, did credit to themselves and the 
 county. 
 
 After the review, under the same friendly oak, General La Fayette 
 
Visit to Virginia. • 105 
 
 was introduced to a few of the soldiers of the Revolution. Their kind 
 and manly greetings, and simple reference to days that are past, 
 seemed to touch his heart with the tenderest emotions. Upon re- 
 entering their carriages, the procession moved to Colonel Osborne's 
 hotel, in front of which the streets were crowded with a multitude of 
 persons, who remained orderly and silent, while the General was 
 received by the mayor and common council of Leesburg. 
 
 Dr. John H. McCabe, mayor of the town, then welcomed the 
 General, in behalf of the corporation, in an interesting address, to 
 which he replied in suitable terms. 
 
 As soon as the ceremony had endpd, the General and his distin- 
 guished friends were ushered into a large room of the hotel, neatly 
 and tastefully prepared for the occasion. After some slight refresh- 
 ments, they resumed their carriages, and the procession moved through 
 Loudoun, Market, Back, Cornwall, and King streets. Between the 
 gate of the court-house square and the portico of the court-house, an 
 avenue had been formed, by a line on the right, of young ladies of 
 the Leesburg Female Academy, under the care of Miss Helen McCor- 
 mick and Mrs. Lawrence, and by other young ladies, who joined 
 them. The line of young ladies was particularly interesting, and 
 attracted general admiration. The young ladies were dressed in 
 white, with blue sashes, and their heads were tastefully adorned with 
 evergreens. They held sprigs of laurel in their hands, which they 
 strewed in the way as the General passed them. The General 
 gracefully bowed to these sweet welcomers with a bright and animated 
 countenance. Mrs. Lawrence and Miss McCormick deserved and 
 received much praise for the taste they displayed in this array of their 
 pupils. As the General proceeded toward the portico, in front of 
 him, he was met by a son of L. P. W. Balch, Esq., of Leesburg, who 
 repeated to him a very neat address, in a manner that delighted him. 
 He then proceeded to the portico of the court-house ; upon ascending 
 it, a very pretty and interesting little girl, who stood at the extremity 
 of the line of young ladies, holding a wreath of laurels, advanced and 
 hailed him in the following verses : 
 
 Hail ! patriot, statesman, hero, sage ; 
 
 Hail 1 freedom's friend ! Hail, Gallias's sou ! 
 Whose laurels greener grow in age, 
 
 Plucked by the side of Washington. 
 
 Hail ! champion, in a holy cause ! 
 
 When hostile bands our shores beset, 
 Whose valor bade the oppressor pause, 
 
 Hail ! holy warrior. La Fayette ! 
 
106 General La Fayette's 
 
 As soon as she had ended, the General, taking the hand of the young 
 speaker, saluted her. 
 
 Ludwell Lee, Esq., on the part of the citizens of Loudoun county, 
 then addressed the General in a patriotic speech, to which he replied 
 in a handsome manner. 
 
 At 4 o'clock the General, the President, and ex-President of the 
 United States, with the General's suite, were escorted to the court- 
 house square, in which, under an extensive awning, a splendid and 
 elegant dinner, prepared by Mr. Henry Peers, was set out and taste- 
 fully ornamented by arches of evergreens with appropriate devices 
 and mottoes. 
 
 Ludwell Lee, Esq., presided, supported by William Ellzey, Cuth- 
 bert Powell, William M. McCarty, and Richard Henderson, Esqs. , 
 as vice-presidents. The toasts given were numerous, and many of 
 them excellent. When the fourth toast was announced — viz., 
 
 "John Quincy Adams, President of the United States — nurLured in 
 the public service; the ability with which he has filled the most subor- 
 dinate stations, is a sure pledge that, in the highest, he will be an 
 honor and ornament to his country " — 
 
 Mr. Adams rose, and addressing the president of the table, begged 
 leave to return his thanks to the company for the high and unexpected 
 honor conferred upon him, and to express to them the great gratifica- 
 tion he felt in having formed their acquaintance, as the companion, 
 and under the auspices, of our common friend seated at the president's 
 side, and of his own revered friend and predecessor, seated at his own 
 side. 
 
 In allusion, and having reference to them, instead of answering the 
 compliment which the company had paid him, as was usual, by a 
 compliment direct to themselves, he would propose a sentiment, that, 
 he was sure, would be more congenial to their own feelings, while it 
 would do justice to his own. 
 
 Mr. Adams then gave the following finely-conceived and well-ex- 
 pressed toast : 
 
 " The living records of the War of Independence — like the pro- 
 phetic books of the sibyl, increasing in value as they diminish in 
 numbers." 
 
 The next toast drank was the following : 
 
 " General La Fayette — the inflexible votary of Liberty in both 
 hemispheres, the benefactor of America, the friend of man — every eye 
 beholds him with delight." 
 
Visit to Virginia. 107 
 
 This toast was received with the most enthusiastic cheering, upon 
 which the venerated La Fayette expressed his acknowledgments, and 
 gave the following toast : 
 
 " The county of Loudoun and the town of Leesburg — May the re- 
 publican blessings of independence, freedom, and equal rights, be as 
 everlasting among them as a presidential message of their fellow- 
 citizen. Colonel Monroe, had proved serviceable to the sister republics 
 of the American hemisphere, and impressive on the anti-republican 
 councils of European aristocracy and despotism." 
 
 The sixth toast was the following : 
 
 ''James Monroe — Late our President, now our fellow-citizen and 
 neighbor. His administration has fully won the plaudits of the 
 nation ; and we rejoice that he has come among us, that we may 
 superadd private friendship to public gratitude." 
 
 The company testified their approbation to the sentiment of this 
 toast, by long and continued cheering. 
 
 Mr. Monroe then rose, and addressed to the President the following 
 remarks and toast, which, too, were loudly cheered : 
 
 " I cannot convey, in terms sufficiently strong, my sensibility to the 
 favorable sentiments which you have expressed of my conduct in the 
 administration of the Government. Conscious of having exerted my 
 best faculties in support of our republican system, and to promote, in 
 all respects, the welfare of my country, the approbation of my conduct 
 by my fellow-citizens is the most consoling reward that can be be- 
 stowed on me. 
 
 " Having witnessed the gallant and patriotic exertion of our esti- 
 mable friend, General La Fayette, in our Revolution, in which he 
 rendered the most important services, being well acquainted, also, with 
 his conduct since, in which he has evinced the most consistent and 
 persevering" devotion to the cause of Liberty in every stage, and in 
 every the most trying situation in which he has been placed, I have 
 thought that the invitation given to him by Congress to revisit the 
 United States, and the affectionate and generous manner in which he 
 has been received by our follow-citizens throughout the United States, 
 do to the nation the highest honor. I have attended him to this 
 meeting as a renewed testimony of my high respect and personal re- 
 gard for him, and it has afforded me great pleasure to unite in it with 
 our Chief Magistrate, the President of the United States, who sup- 
 ported the measures of the late administration, in which he was asso- 
 ciated, with great zeal and ability. 
 
108 General La Fayette's 
 
 " I beg you to be assured that the kind feelings which you have 
 expressed on the part of my fellow-citizens of this county, for me per- 
 sonally, are reciprocated, and that I anticipate great satisfaction in 
 future from a free and friendly intercourse with them." 
 
 Mr. Monroe then gave the following toast : 
 
 "The American Revolution : The most important event to mankind 
 that history has recorded. May we be forever faithful to its princi- 
 ples, and may our country, by the force of example, be useful to other 
 nations." 
 
 Volunteer toasts were given by the following gentlemen, viz. : 
 George Hay, General Rust, Richard H. Henderson, Colonel William 
 Ellzey, William M. McCarty, Cuthbert Powell, Dr. John H. Mc- 
 Cabe, Richard H. Lee, William T. T. Mason, Colonel Mercer, Colo- 
 nel Samuel M. Edwards, L. P. W. Balch, Thomas R. Mott, B. W. 
 Sower, George W. Macrae, Captain B. Shreve, S. Bailey, William 
 Noland, Captain S. Dawson, Dr. Thomas F. Tebbs, Captain Asa Ro- 
 gers, Dr. William L. Powell, James M. Lewis, Rev. S. Tuston, John 
 A. Binns, Major W. F. Thornton, John M. McCarty, Colonel A. 
 Alexander, G. Washington, James Mcllhany, S. Blincoe, Dr. George 
 Lee, Captain Page, John Strider, T. H. Saunders, William Jenney, 
 Daniel Cary, and others. 
 
 Just before the company left the table, Mr. Adams rose, and address- 
 ing them, said that having, in return for the honor they had done him, 
 by the sentiments they had been pleased to express, associated with 
 his name, given a toast of a general import, without direct reference 
 to them, he could not part from them without again returning his 
 thanks for the kindness and hospitality he had this day experienced. 
 Under the influence of this sentiment, he would take his leave of 
 them by proposing, 
 
 " Leesburg : May its future prosperity correspond with the splendor 
 of the Revolutionary services of the family from which it derives its 
 name. " 
 
 The guests spent the evening at the residence of W. T. T. Maron, 
 Esq., who took the occasion to have two young daughters baptized, 
 for one of whom General La Fayette stood god-father, and for the 
 other, the late and present President. After spending the night at the 
 mansion of Ludwell Lee, Esq., the General and party returned to 
 Washington on Wednesday. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 109 
 
 A SCENE FULL OF SIMPLICITY AND PATHOS. 
 
 Le Vasseur relates a touching scene which occurred a few miles from 
 Norfolk, in February, 1825, when the General was on his way to the 
 South. He says : 
 
 " We were obliged to stop for some time before a small, solitary inn 
 upon the road, for the purpose of refreshing our horses. We were 
 sitting in our carriage, when the landlord presented himself, asked to 
 see the General, and eagerly pressed him to alight for a moment, and 
 come into his house. 'If,' said he, 'you have only five minutes to 
 stay, do not refuse them, for they will be to me so many minutes of 
 happiness.' The General yielded to his entreaty, and we followed 
 him into a lower room, where we observed a plainness bordering on 
 poverty, but a remarkable degree of cleanness. ' Welcome, La 
 Fayette,' was inscribed with charcoal upon the white wall, enwreathed 
 with boughs from the fir trees of the neighboring woods. Near the 
 fire-place, where pine wood was crackling, stood a small table, covered 
 with a very neat napkin, and covered with some decanters containing 
 biandy and whiskey ; by the side of a plate covered with glasses, was 
 another plate filled with neatly-arranged slices of bread. These mod- 
 est refreshments were tendered with a kindness and cordiality which 
 greatly enhanced their value. Whilst we were partaking of them, the 
 landlord disappeared, but returned a moment after, accompanied by 
 his wife, carrying her little boy, about three or four years of age, whose 
 fresh and plump cheeks evinced the tenderness and care with which he 
 had been cherished. The father, after first presenting his wife, next 
 took his child in his arms, and having placed one of his little hands 
 in the hand of the General, made him repeat, with much emphasis, the 
 following : ' General La Fayette ! I thank you for the liberty which 
 you have won for my father, for my mother, for myself, for my coun- 
 try.' While the child was speaking, the father and mother eyed the 
 General with the most tender regard, and tears they were unable to 
 suppress proved that their gratitude was vivid and profound. 
 
 *' Were I to judge from what I myself felt, on witnessing this simple 
 yet sublime scene. General La Fayette must have found this one of the 
 most pleasing moments of his life. He could not conceal his emo- 
 tions, but having tenderly embraced the child, took refuge in his 
 carriage, bearing with him the blessings of this family, wortliy of the 
 freedom they enjoyed." 
 
110 General La Fayette's 
 
 HIS RETURN TO VIRGINIA. 
 
 Soon after the General's return to Washington, he expressed a desire 
 to return to Monticello, to bid farewell to his old friend, Mr. Jefferson, 
 before he left the United States. Accordingly, in August, he paid 
 him a visit. Again he was invited to a public dinner at the Univer- 
 sity, by the Faculty and students of that institution. William Ballard 
 Preston made him a handsome speech, to which he returned the fol- 
 lowing reply : 
 
 "Amidst the painful emotions of my too speedy departure from the 
 shores of the United States, and anguish most keenly felt on the fare- 
 well visit to your paternal Rector, my illustrious and venerated friend, 
 I feel highly gratified in the opportunity you have given me of a per- 
 sonal acquaintance with all of you, gentlemen, professors, and students 
 of this young, yet already celebrated, University of Virginia — a 
 university upon whom, it is already understood, in both hemispheres, 
 that those feelings and talents are, as a family inheritance, forever 
 entailed, by which the rights of man, national independence, religious, 
 civil, political liberty and equality, have been eloquently promulgated 
 and strenuously promoted. Nor can I think of the ancient and en- 
 dearing connections of the old and recent obligations to the State of 
 Virginia, which you have been pleased so kindly to mention, without 
 feeling a particular delight at the sight of this new great luminary of 
 knowledge and patriotism, where the principles and sentiments of ana- 
 lyzed philosophy, philanthropy, and republicanism, cannot fail to be 
 diffused. To those general anticipations in which I cordially sympa- 
 thise with you ; to my best wishes for the prosperity of the University, 
 and of every one of you, gentlemen, permit me to add the expression 
 of my affectionate gratitude." 
 
 The company then repaired to the pavilion of Professor Tucker, and 
 to those of the other professors respectively, where they partook of 
 refreshments. Upon the approach of the General to the rotunda, he 
 was again addressed by John H. Lee, on behalf of the "Jefferson So- 
 ciety," and informed that he had been elected aoi honorary member of 
 that society. 
 
 At 3 o'clock a sumptuous dinner was spread in the rotunda, which 
 had been prepared by Messrs. Chapman and Spotswood. Mr. Mon- 
 roe, William Wirt, Attorney-General of the United States ; Judge 
 Carr, of the Court of Appeals of Virginia, and other distinguished 
 guests, were present. Various appropriate and patriotic toasts were of- 
 
Visit to Virginia. Ill 
 
 fered by Professor Tucker, Professor Emmet, Professor Bonnycastle, 
 Professor Key, Dr. Blo2tterman, General La Fayette, Mr. Mason, A. G. 
 Ward, S. F. Edmunds, W. C. Nelson, J. E. Marshall, W. D. Sims, 
 John H. Lee, R. Wallace, W. B. Preston, C. L. Bankhead, John B. 
 Magruder, and P. H. Shackelford. 
 
 Le Vasseur says : 
 
 "At Albemarle we were rejoined by Mr. Monroe, whom we now 
 found invested with a new public character. Faithful to the doctrine 
 that a citizen should always be entirely at the service of his country, 
 he did not think that his title of late President of the Republic with- 
 held him from being useful to his countrymen ; and he had, therefore, 
 accepted the office of justice of the peace, to which he had been elected ' 
 by the confidence and suffrages of the people of his county. Mr. Madi- 
 son had also left his retreat, and rejoined us on the road to Monticello, 
 whither the General went to take leave of his old friend, Jefferson, 
 whose enfeebled health kept him at present in a state of feeble inac- 
 tion. The meeting at Monticello of three men, who, by their suc- 
 cessive elevation to the Supreme Magistracy of the State, had given to 
 their country twenty-four years of prosperity and glory, and who still 
 offered it the example of private virtue, was a sufficient strong induce- 
 ment to make us stay there a longer time ; but indispensable duties 
 recalled General La Fayette to Washington, and he was obliged to 
 take leave of his friends. 
 
 " I shall not attempt to depict the sadness which prevailed at this 
 cruel separation, which had none of the alleviation which is usually 
 left to youth, for, in this instance, the individuals who bade farewell, 
 had all passed through a long career, and the immensity of the ocean 
 would still add to the difficulties of a reiinion." 
 
 LA Fayette's visit to culpeper in 1825. 
 
 From the Journal of his Comrade-in-Arms, Captain Philip Slaughter. 
 
 " Major Gabriel Long and myself were deputed by the committee of 
 arrangements of Culpeper to wait upon General La Fayette at Mont- 
 pelier, the seat of ex-President Madison, in Orange, and invite him 
 to dine at Culpeper Courthouse on 22d of August, 1825. We started 
 from my house on the 21st, with two carriages, and remained at Mont- 
 pelier that night. We left there with General La Fayette and suite, 
 at 5}^ A. M., and breakfasted at Verdier's Tavern at Orange Court- 
 house, at 7)^, where I introduced him to many ladies and gentlemen. 
 Leaving at 8}4, we reached Crooked run, the county line, at 10^ 
 
112 General La Fayette's 
 
 o'clock. Here we were met by Colonel Jonathan Catlett Gibson, 
 with an escort of fifty mounted volunteers, and a great many ladies 
 and gentlemen, to whom I introduced the General. We reached 
 Greenwood (the seat of Judge Green), within a mile of Culpeper 
 Courthouse, at i o'clock. Our guests went into the house and par- 
 took of some refreshments, attended by Mrs. Green, Mrs. Patton, Mrs. 
 Slaughter, and others. Colonel Gibson's troop paraded. All dis- 
 mounted and ranged themselves at their horses' heads, and General 
 La Fayette, at his own request, was introduced to each man indi- 
 vidually ; and Judge Green treated all hands with tOddy. We reached 
 the Courthouse before 2 o'clock, and the General and suite alighted 
 at the Rev. Alonzo Welton's house, who kindly offered it for their use. 
 After resting for half an hour, we conducted the party to the Mason's 
 Hall, where John Shackelford addressed him and the citizens in a very 
 handsome manner, and the General made an appropriate reply. We 
 introduced him to the ladies first, then to the Revolutionary soldiers, 
 and then to the citizens, who ranged themselves in the street for that 
 purpose. After resting in his lodging half an hour, we escorted him 
 to dinner, furnished by Jere Strother, under a tent in a garden, which 
 tent ^yas covered with five hundred yards of brown linen. We had 
 an elegant dinner, and drank thirty toasts — thirteen for the old States, 
 &c. At 5^ o'clock, the General and suite returned to Mr. Welton's. 
 
 "At 9 P. M., we conducted our guests to a ball given in their honor 
 at the Masons' Hall. After supper, I waited on them to their lodging. 
 
 " At 6 o'clock A. M. Tuesday, August 23d, I had the carriage at 
 the door, and I directed the cavalry to mount, and proceeding, 
 we reached Jeffersonton (fifteen miles), on the Fauquier road, at 9 
 o'clock. The citizens of Jeffersonton, and of its vicinity, to the 
 number of several hundred, being arranged in two ranks, General 
 La Fayette and suite, attended by a handsome escort of cavalry, 
 passed through them, to the portico of Mr. R. Bayse's tavern, 
 where they were received by the committee of arrangements, and 
 a very appropriate address was delivered to the General by Colonel 
 Samuel A. Storrow, to which the former responded, to the heart-felt 
 gratification of the hearers. They next repaired to Mr. John Reed's 
 house, where a private room had been prepared for their accommoda- 
 tion ; and after having rested a short time, they were conducted by 
 the committee to a breakfast, which had been prepared for the occa- 
 sion under a spacious and commodious arbor at the west end of Mr. 
 Bayse's tavern. After breakfast, they were again conducted to Mr. 
 Reed's, in whose portico, a large collection of ladies being assembled, 
 
Visit to Virginia. 113 
 
 the General and ex-President Monroe were introduced to them all 
 individually, Colonel Daniel Ward announcing their names as they 
 were presented. This being gone through, and the guests having 
 taken a short respite, the gentlemen were arranged in a semi-circle, 
 extending from Mr. Reed's portico to Mr. Bayse's tavern, and the 
 General, passing along the line, gave each one a cordial and affection- 
 ate shake by the hand. 
 
 "The General then repaired to the private room, where they waited 
 for the preparation of the escort, which being ready, the committee 
 conducted them to their carriages. The parting ceremony between 
 the committee and their guests being now most affectionately per- 
 formed, and a considerable number of citizens on horseback attaching 
 themselves to the rear, they all together moved off, while the remain- 
 ing citizens gazed, with mingled emotions of sorrow and delight, on 
 the carriage which bore away the friend of their liberty and the sus- 
 tainer of their rights. At the Fauquier line, General La Fayette and 
 suite were received by the marshals, and an elegant escort of cavalry, 
 sent from Warrenton for the purpose." 
 
 GENERAL LA FAYETTE's RECEPTION IN FAUQUIER. 
 
 About II o'clock, on the 23d of August, General La Fayette, his 
 son, and secretary, Mr. Le Vasseur, Colonel Monroe, Major Gabriel 
 Long, Colonel Robert Randolph, Thomas T. Fauntleroy, and Thomas 
 P. Knox, Esqs., who had been requested to visit the General at Cul- 
 peper Courthouse, on behalf of the citizens of Fauquier, accompanied 
 by a large escort of gentlemen from the county of Culpeper, arrived on 
 the north bank of the Rappahannock, which divides the two counties, 
 where a deputation of the committee of arrangements of this county, 
 provided with carriages to convey him and his suite to Warrenton, 
 and a troop of cavalry in uniform, commanded by Captain Cowles, of 
 the Eighty-fifth, and a large number of citizens, were awaiting his 
 arrival. After making an impressive adieu to the citizens of Culpeper, 
 he was addressed by Inman Horner, Esq., on behalf of the citizens of 
 Fauquier, to the following effect : 
 
 ^^ General La Fayette: We have been commissioned by the citi- 
 zens of Fauquier to receive you. In their name, and individually, 
 we congratulate you upon your visit. It will afford a fit opportunity 
 to express the gratitude cherished by all for your great services and 
 undeviating friendship to America, in every vicissitude. Permit us to 
 greet you as a' friend and as a father." 
 
 15 
 
114 General La Fayette's 
 
 To which the General replied briefly and appropriately. The guests 
 being seated in their carriages, and the escort formed, they moved on 
 to Warrenton. Near the town, they were met by Captain Walden, 
 with his company of light infantry ; by Captain F. M. Brooke, with 
 his company of artillery, and by Captain Shacklett, with his troop 
 of cavalry, all in complete uniform, with the Marine Band from 
 Washington ; also, by the La Fayette Guards, a company of between 
 fifty and sixty boys, dressed in appropriate uniform, with badges, who 
 had a few days before associated themselves together under the super- 
 intendence and command of Mr. James Cowles, of this place, for the 
 purpose of doing honor to the distinguished visitor. 
 
 These having joined the escort, and followed by an immense con- 
 course of citizens, the whole moved through the principal street 
 up to the portico of the court-house, where a crowd, supposed to 
 amount to about five or six thousand, had assembled. Thomas L. 
 Moore, Esq., delivered to the General a handsome address of wel- 
 come ; to which the General replied in a very warm and affectionate 
 manner. 
 
 After the reply, he was conducted, with his suite and invited guests, 
 to the elegant rooms, prepared for his reception, at Mrs. Norris's tavern, 
 and where, with many Revolutionary officers and soldiers, he partook 
 of the refreshments provided for them. About 2 o'clock he was con- 
 ducted to his private room, byR. H Rose, Esq., one of the committee 
 of arrangements, and at 4 a large company sat down to a sumptuous and 
 elegant dinner, prepared by Mrs. Norris, under a handsome arbor, on 
 the beautiful green in front of the tavern. Colonel R. Randolph pre- 
 sided, assisted by William Payne, Francis W. Brooke, Thomas L. 
 MoorC; Thomas Turner, and Thomas Marshall, Esqs., as vice- 
 presidents. After the cloth was removed, various patriotic toasts were 
 announced by the president and drank by the company, succeeded by 
 appropriate music from the Marine Band. 
 
 When the toast, " James Monroe — the approbation of ten millions of 
 freemen the best evidence of his exalted merit and spotless integrity," 
 was announced, Mr. Monroe arose, and after acknowledging, in 
 strong terms, the favorable sentiments expressed by the citizens of 
 Fauquier, of his conduct in public life, and taking an interesting re- 
 view of the very meritorious services rendered to his country and the 
 cause of liberty, in Europe as well as in America, by General La Fay- 
 V^ ette, gave the following toast : 
 
 " The exalted merit and very important services rendered by Gen- 
 eral La Fayette, in our Revolution, entitle him to the gratitude of our 
 
Visit to Virginia. 115 
 
 Union. The proofs which have been afforded by the whole nation 
 that he possesses it, have vindicated republican government against 
 the calumnies heretofore bestowed upon it." 
 
 When the toast, ''General La Fayette — neither time, nor titles, nor 
 dungeons, have abated the love of the patriot for the liberty of 
 nations,'V was announced, General La Fayette rose and said, "that, 
 having had this day a most gratifying occasion to present the people 
 of Fauquier with the tribute of his warm gratitude and affectionate 
 devotion, he would not now further trespass than to express the high 
 value he set by the approbation of his friend and companion. Colonel 
 Monroe, and his grateful sense of the obligation his family had been 
 under to him, in very gloomy circumstances. He proposed the follow-^ 
 ing toast : ^^ 
 
 " The old Virginia Line, the militia of 1781, and the present gene- 
 ration of Fauquier — may the Revolutionary services of the fathers find 
 an everlasting reward in the republican prosperity and happiness of 
 their children." <*i^ 
 
 When the toast, " John Marshall, the soldier, the statesman, the ^ 
 jurist — our country with exultation points to her son," was announced, 
 and after the cheering j which was loud and repeated, had ceased. 
 General Marshall rose and addressed the company as follows : 
 
 "It would not be easy, gentlemen, to express my thanks for the 
 kindness which I have experienced to-day, in terms which would 
 do justice to the emotions it has excited. To be associated in any 
 manner with the illustrious guests, among whom I am placed, cannot 
 fail to be highly gratifying to . my feelings. Among them I see the 
 oldest surviving officer of the Revolutionary army, one who relin- 
 quished all the pleasures and enjoyments which Europe could furnish, 
 to encounter the dangers and share the toils and privations which were 
 the lot of all those who engaged in our struggle for independence, who 
 has since devoted himself to that glorious cause which brought him 
 to our country, and who, through all the vicissitudes of his eventful 
 life, has been its steadfast champion — neither subdued by adversity, 
 nor too much elevated by prosperity. 
 
 " I perceive, also, a person on whom his fellow-citizens have be- 
 stowed" the highest office in their gift, the arduous duties of which he 
 has discharged in such a manner as to secure the continuance of their 
 confidence and esteem. In him I am proud to recognize one of my 
 earliest associates ; one with whom I have frequently acted in the most 
 trying scenes ; for whom I have felt, and still retain, the most affec- 
 
116 General La Fayette's 
 
 donate and respectful esteem, without a taint of that bitter spirit 
 which has been too long the scourge of our country. To be con- 
 nected with these gentlemen in any place, on any occasion, would be 
 my pride and my pleasure ; but to be associated with them by your 
 kindness, gentlemen, and in this place, brings up recollections which 
 must ever be most dear to my heart. I can never forget that this 
 county was the residence of the revered author of my being, who 
 continued to be your representative, until his military character first, 
 and his removal afterwards, rendered him ineligible ; that in this 
 county I first breathed the vital air ; that in it my infancy was cradled 
 and my youth reared up and encouraged ; that in the first dawn of 
 manhood I marched from it with the gallant young men of the day 
 to that glorious conflict which gave independence to these states, and 
 birth to this mighty nation ; that immediately on my return, I was 
 chosen almost unanimously to represent them in the Legislature, and 
 that they did not cease to support me till I ceased to reside among 
 them. Here my affections, as well as my interests, shall remain, and 
 all my sons are planted among you. With so many motives for re- 
 ceiving the kindness of to-day with peculiar gratitude, allow me, gen- 
 tlemen, to indulge the feelings it excites, by giving as a toast — 
 
 "The people of Fauquier : Brave soldiers in time of war, good 
 r citizens in time of peace, and intelligent patriots at all times." 
 
 U 
 
 Volunteer toasts were offered by the following gentlemen : 
 
 Thomas Marshall, Inman Horner, Thomas Turner, R. Brent, Colonel 
 Monroe, Colonel Wallace, Thomas T. Fauntleroy, John S. Horner, 
 Judge Dade, Dr. T. T. Withers, F. W. Brooke, William F. Phillips, 
 and Henry M. Clarkson. 
 
 The festivities of the table closed after sunset, when the company 
 separated to prepare for the reception of the ladies, in one of the 
 rooms of Mrs. Norris, which is indeed one of the most spacious and 
 elegant rooms in this part of Virginia, and had been very tastefully 
 and beautifully ornamented, by the ladies of the town, with evergreens 
 and flowers. 
 
 General La Fayette entered the room about 7 o'clock, with Colonel 
 Monroe — who is almost a neighbor, and personally acquainted with 
 many of our citizens — and General Marshall. The room, large as it 
 is, was soon filled with ladies, and gentlemen attending them ; who 
 were introduced to the distinguished personages. This scene of gayety 
 and pleasure, during which refreshments were distributed, continued 
 
Visit to Virginia. 117 
 
 till near lo o'clock, when the company began to depart, and the 
 General retired to his apartments. 
 
 In the morning, General La Fayette, politely referring to the inci- 
 dents of the preceding day, which seemed to be so gratifying to all 
 others as well as himself, mentioned his little guards, and expressed 
 himself so warmly and affectionately as to induce Mr. Cowles to sum- 
 mon the little fellows again into line — they were still hovering about. 
 The General passed along the line, and taking each by the hand, gave 
 them an affectionate greeting, which they will never forget. 
 
 About noon, he set out with Colonel Monroe, General Marshall, and 
 his suite, attended by a number of gentlemen on horseback, for the 
 residence of Colonel Monroe, about twenty-six miles distant. 
 
 By particular invitation, they called at the village of New Baltimore, 
 Fauquier county, and they were received with great cordiality. After 
 partaking of refreshments prepared particularly by Mr. James M. 
 Halley, they departed, accompanied by a large number of citizens. 
 At Buckland, four miles further on, he was solicited to call, which he 
 kindly did, and remained for near half an hour with a large number 
 of ladies and gentlemen, at Mrs. Brooks's, where refreshments were 
 again prepared. 
 
 DINNER TO GENERAL LA FAYETTE, BY THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED 
 STATES, ON THE 1ST OF JANUARY, 1825. 
 
 At half-past 4 o'clock, the front rooms of Williamson's range of build- 
 ings were thrown open for the company. In about an hour afterwards, 
 the President of the United States, accompanied by his secretaries, 
 entered the room. At half-past 5 o'clock, General La Fayette arrived, 
 attended by his son, and his secretary, Mr. Le Vasseur. And at 6 
 o'clock, the company (which, including the invited guests, amounted 
 to about two hundred,) sat down to dinner. Mr. Galliard, President 
 pro tern, of the Senate, and Mr. Clay, the Speaker of the House of 
 Representatives, presided. On the right of Mr. Galliard, sat the 
 President of the United States, and on his left, General La Fayette, 
 supported by his Revolutionary brethren. On the right of Mr. Clay, 
 sat the Secretary of State, and on his left, the Secretary of War. 
 
 The hall was adorned with pictures and flags, arranged with great 
 elegance and taste. The flags from the War and Navy Departments 
 were obtained for the occasion, and contributed to revive in the mind, 
 associations dear to the heart of every American. 
 
 After the cloth was removed, many patriotic toasts were drunk, 
 
118 General La Fayette's 
 
 accompanied by appropriate music from the Marine Band, and were 
 received by the company with great enthusiasm. When the following 
 toast was given, " The President of the United States — Our respecta- 
 bility abroad, and prosperity at home, are the best eulogy of his 
 administration," the whole company rose with one accord. Deeply 
 affected, the President rose, and, with much feeling, addressed the 
 company as follows : 
 
 " I cannot but be deeply affected by the generous sentiments which 
 you have expressed in favor of my conduct in the high trust which I 
 have so long held from my country. In our respectability abroad, and 
 prosperity at home, no one can take a more profound interest than I 
 do. It is to the virtue and intelligence of our fellow-citizens that we 
 owe our success ; and I see in it the most decisive proof of the excel- 
 lence and stability of our republican institutions. That I have exerted 
 my best faculties, in a long course of public service, to support these 
 institutions, and to promote the welfare and happiness of our Union, 
 is most certain. To secure this public acknowledgment from so distin- 
 guished an assembly, on an occasion so highly interesting and honor- 
 able to the nation, affords me a gratification which I shall forever 
 cherish." 
 
 When this toast was announced, " General La Fayette, the great 
 apostle of national liberty — unawed by the frowns of tyranny, unin- 
 fluenced by the blandishments of wealth, and unseduced by popular 
 applause — the same in the castle of Olmutz as in the active scenes of 
 his labor and the height of his renown" — General La Fayette rose and 
 thus expressed himself: 
 
 ^^ Gentlemen of both Houses : I want words to express the respectful, 
 grateful sense I have of all the favors and kindnesses you are pleased 
 to confer on me. I hope you will do justice to the warm feelings of 
 an American heart, and I beg leave to propose the following toast : 
 
 " Perpetual union among the United States — it has saved us in our 
 times of danger; it will save the world." 
 
 The committee of arrangements were, Colonel Hayne, of South 
 Carolina ; Colonel R. M. Johnson, of Kentucky, and Mr. Mills, of 
 Massachusetts, on the part of the Senate ; and Major Hamilton, of 
 South Carolina, General Van Renssalaer, of New York, and General 
 McArthur, of Ohio, on the part of the House of Representatives. 
 The utmost harmony and enthusiasm prevailed, and on the whole, the 
 feast was one of the finest displays of generous and ardent feeling 
 which has ever been witnessed. 
 
Visit to Virginia. , 119 
 
 It was another one added to the many proud days which public grati- 
 tude has marked in the calendar of La Fayette, and it was distin- 
 guished by circumstances which gave to it a new and striking char- 
 acter. It was placing the top-stone to the pillar of striking regard to 
 its illustrious guest ; and the representatives from every State contri- 
 buted to the work. At the same time that it exhibited the greetings of 
 every state, through its representatives, to our distinguished visitor, it 
 also displayed the deep regard with which our venerable president, 
 Mr. Monroe, is contemplated by the legislative branches of the gov- 
 ernment, and the anxiety, in which all participated, to oifer him an 
 unusual tribute of esteem. Altogether, it may be considered one of 
 the proudest days in the annals of our country — a day to which the 
 attention of our own times will be riveted, and which will be told with 
 high satisfaction to our remote posterity. 
 
 DEPARTURE OF LA FAYETTE FROM AMERICA. 
 
 On Wednesday, September 7th, 1825, General La Fayette took his 
 departure from the seat of government, on his return to his native 
 country. All business was suspended in the city during the day. At 
 an early hour, the corps of marines, the volunteer companies of the 
 first brigade of the District, and those of the Alexandria brigade, were 
 on the grounds designated, on the President's Square, where they 
 were joined by Governor Spriggs' and Captain Dunlop's troops of 
 cavalry, from the State of Maryland, the whole formed and in waiting 
 to take up the escort. 
 
 The board of aldermen and the common councils of the three 
 cities of the District, headed by their respective mayors, entered the 
 President's house about 12 o'clock, and having been arranged in a cir- 
 cle by the marshals, the President of the United States appeared 
 before the entrance which leads to the drawing-room, supported on 
 each side by the heads of departments, and officers, civil and military. 
 Several members of Congress, and other distinguished citizens, also 
 formed part of the group. The company having waited some min- 
 utes in silence, a side-door was opened, and General La Fayette 
 entered the hall, attended by the marshal of the District and one of 
 the sons of the President, and presented himself in the vacant space 
 within the circle, and at a suitable distance to receive the address of 
 the President. Mr. Adams then, with much dignity, but with evi- 
 dent emotion, delivered in a clear, distinct, and very impressive man- 
 ner, an eloquent addresS; expressive of the great admiration and sin- 
 
120 • General La Fayette's 
 
 cere gratitude and affection of the American people for tlie General, 
 and concluded in these words : 
 
 " You are now about to return to the country of your birth, of your 
 ancestors, of your posterity. The executive government of the 
 Union, stimulated by the same feeling which had prompted the Con- 
 gress to the designation of a national ship for your accommodation in 
 coming hither, has destined the first service of a frigate, recently 
 launched in this metropolis, to the less welcome, but equally distin- 
 guished, trust of carrying you home. 
 
 " The ship is now prepared for your reception and equipped for sea. 
 From the moment of her departure, the prayers of millions will ascend 
 to heaven that her passage may be prosperous, and your return to the 
 bosom of your family as propitious to your happiness as your visit to 
 this scene of your youthful glory has been to that of the American 
 people. 
 
 **Go, then, our beloved friend ; return to the land of brilliant genius, 
 of generous sentiment, of heroic valor; to that beautiful France, the 
 nursing mother of the Twelfth Louis and the Fourth Henry; to the 
 native soil of Bayard and Coligni, of Turenne and Catinat, of Fenelon 
 and D'Aguesseau. In that illustrious catalogue of names, which she 
 claims as of her children, and, with honest pride, holds up to the ad- 
 miration of other nations, the name of La Fayette has already for 
 centuries been enrolled, and it shall henceforth burnish into brighter 
 fame , for if, in after years, a Frenchman shall be called upon to indi- 
 cate the character of his nation by that of one individual, during the 
 age in which we live, the blood of lofty patriotism shall mantle his 
 cheek, the fire of conscious virtue shall sparkle in his eye, and he shall 
 pronounce the name of La Fayette. Yet we, too, and our children in 
 life, and after death, shall claim you for our own. You are ours, 
 by that more than patriotic self-devotion with which you flew to the 
 aid of our fathers at the crisis of their fate — ours, by that long series 
 of years in which you have cherished us in your regard — ours, by that 
 tie of love, stronger than death, which has linked your name, for the 
 endless ages of time, with the name of Washington. 
 
 ** At the painful moment of parting from you, we take comfort in 
 the thought, that wherever you may be, to the last pulsation of your 
 heart, our country will be ever present to your affections ; and a 
 cheerful consolation assures us, that we are not called to sorrow, most 
 of all, that we shall see your face no more. We shall indulge the 
 pleasing anticipation of beholding our friend again. In the mean- 
 
Visit to Virginia. 121 
 
 time, speaking in the name of the whole people of the United States, 
 and at a loss only for language to give utterance to that feeling of 
 attachment with which the heart of the nation beats as the heart of 
 one man, I bid you a reluctant and affectionate farewell." 
 
 The General listened with deep attention, and at the close of the 
 address, embraced the President in his arms, saluting, in the French 
 manner, on each cheek. 
 
 The General, in reply, expressed, in most touching terms, his pro- 
 found gratitude and thanks for the kind and gracious receptions he 
 had received from the American people ; and, in conclusion, said : 
 
 "I shall content myself to proclaim my cordial confirmation of 
 every one of the sentiments which I have had daily opportunities pub- 
 licly to utter, from the time when your ven rable predecessor, my old 
 brother-in-arms and friend, transmitted to me the honorable invitation 
 of Congress, to this day, when you, my dear sir, whose friendly con- 
 nection with me dates from your earliest youth, are going to consign 
 me to the protection, across the Atlantic, of the heroic national flag, 
 on board of the splendid ship, the name of which has been not the 
 less flattering and kind among the numberless favors conferred on me. 
 
 " God bless you, sir, and you all who surround us ! God bless the 
 American people, each of their States, and the Federal Government ! 
 Accept this patriotic farewell of an overflowing heart : such will be its 
 last throb when it ceases to beat." 
 
 As the last sentence was pronounced, the General advanced, and, 
 while the tears poured over his venerable cheek, again took the Presi- 
 dent in his arms. He retired a few paces, but, overcome by his feel- 
 ings, again returned, and uttering, in broken accents, "God bless 
 you," fell once more on the neck of Mr. Adams. It was a scene at 
 once solemn and moving, as the sighs and stealing tears of many who 
 witnessed it bore testimony Having recovered his self-possession, 
 the General stretched out his hands, and was in a moment surrounded 
 by the greetings of the whole assembly, who pressed upon hmi, each 
 eager to seize, perhaps for the last time, that beloved hand which was 
 opened so freely for our aid, whee aid was so precious, and which 
 grasped, with firm and undeviating hold, the steel which so bravely 
 helped to achieve our deliverance. The expression which now beamed 
 from the face of this exalted man was of the finest and most touching 
 kind. The hero was lost in the father and the friend ; dignity melted 
 into subdued affection, and the friend of Washington seemed to linger 
 with a mournful delight among the sons of his adopted country. The 
 period of departure at length arrived, and having once more pressed 
 
122 . General La Fayette's 
 
 the hand of Mr. Adams, he entered the barouche, accompanied by the 
 Secretary of State, of the Treasury, and of the Navy. The carriage 
 of the General, preceded by his escort, and followed by a large pro- 
 cession, moved through the open court in front of the President's man- 
 sion, and paid him the parting salute as he stood in front to receive it. 
 
 The whole scene — the peals of artillery, the animating sounds of 
 numerous military bands the presence of the vast concourse of people, 
 and the occasion that assembled them, altogether produced emotions 
 not easily described, but which every American will readily con- 
 ceive. 
 
 On reaching the bank of the Potomac, all the carriages in the pro- 
 cession wheeled off, and the citizens in them assembled on foot around 
 that of the General. The whole military body then passed in review. 
 After the review, the General proceeded to the steamboat. Mount Ver- 
 non, under a salute of artillery, surrounded by as many citizens, all 
 eager to catch the last looks, as could press on the large wharf; and 
 at 4 o'clock this great, and good, and extraordinary man, trod for the 
 last time the soil of America, followed by the blessings of every pat- 
 riotic heart that lives on it. 
 
 As the vessel moved off, and for a short time after, the deepest 
 silence was observed by the whole of the vast multitude that lined the 
 shore. The feeling that pervaded them was that of children bidding 
 a final farewell to a venerated parent. The whole remained gazing 
 after the retiring vessel until she had passed Greenleaf's Point ; here 
 another salute repeated the valedictory sounds of respect and these 
 again were not long after echoed by the heavy guns of Fort Washing- 
 ton, and reminded us of the rapidity with which this benefactor and 
 friend of our country was borne from it. 
 
 A few minutes afterwards, we passed Alexandria, and the General 
 received the same marks of respect from the population of that city. 
 But It was when he came in view of Mount Vernon, that he felt most 
 deeply affected, and experienced the great sacrifice he made to his 
 country in leaving the American soil, that hospitable land, where every 
 step he made was accompanied, with heart-felt recollections. The 
 progress of the little fleet was arrested ; it remained motionless on the 
 broad bosom of Potomac's wave, that the last of the generals might 
 pay his homage and filial duty to the tomb of the paternal chief. 
 La Fayette arose — the wonders which he had performed, for a man of 
 his age, in successfully accomplishing labors enough to have tested his 
 meridian vigor, whose animation rather resembles the spring, than the 
 winter of life, now seemed unequal to the task he was about to per- 
 
Visit to Virginia. 123 
 
 form — to take a last look at the grave of Washington. He advanced 
 to the effort. A silence the most impressive reigned around, till the 
 strains of sweet and plaintive music completed the grandeur and 
 sacred solemnity of the scene. All hearts beat in unison with the 
 throbbings of the veteran's bosom, as he looked, and that for the last 
 time, on the sepulchre which contains the ashes of the first of men. 
 He spoke not, but appeared absorbed in the mighty recollections 
 which the place and the occasion inspired. Yet a voice seemed borne 
 on the air. It appeared to say to the manes of the illustrious dead, 
 " Washington ! thou friend and father of my youth, under whose 
 heroic banner I first gained renown in the fields of fame, when com- 
 bating for the rights and liberties of man — in whose bosom I was 
 cherished in the earliest, the happiest, days of my life — whose affection 
 descended with me from the palace to the dungeon — whose arms were 
 opened to receive my child, when, forlorn and a wanderer from his 
 native land, he sought in thee a friend and found a father. Most truly 
 great and glorious of men, while such an humble mound alone contains 
 thy ashes, thy monument is based on an hemisphere, and thy fame will 
 cenotaph thy memory in ages yet unborn. Accept the last duty which 
 filial homage pays to the tomb of Washington in the tear of La 
 Fayette." The General, as he was about to return to his cabin, 
 affectionately embraced him who, too, was an adopted child of the 
 chief. 
 
 After this noble scene, the characteristics of which were of the 
 purest, the highest order, the fleet resumed its course, and after a 
 voyage of safety and expedition, anchored near the Brandy wine, at 
 the mouth of the Potomac. The General was received in the Commo- 
 dore's barge, and repaired, through very inclement weather, to the 
 gallant bark which is to bear him to his other home. He was placed 
 on the deck of the ship by an ornamental chair, rigged for the special 
 purpose, and under a salute from the main battery, the music of the 
 band, and the greetings of the Commodore, his officers, and many 
 guests, who were assembled for this interesting event. The General 
 came on board, accompanied by Mr. Southard, the Secretary of the 
 Navy ; Commodores Bainbridge and Jones ; the Mayors of Washing- 
 ton, Georgetown, and Alexandria ; Tench Ringgold, Esq., the Mar- 
 shal of the District ; Dr. Kent, the old and faithful representative in 
 Congress, nearest the District ; Mr. Adams, son of the President ; 
 Generals Smith and W. Jones, and Colonel McKenney, with many 
 other citizens. The Constitution, having on board a large number of 
 his old friends from Baltimore, came down to give the General the 
 
124 General La Fayette's 
 
 parting hand. Captain Morris, with the mildness and courtesy which 
 distinguish him, received every one with affability, lost sight of not 
 the minutest duty or ceremony, had the ship exhibited in every part 
 to all who wished to see her, and entertained the very large company 
 with an elegant collation. There were sentiments given, of appropriate 
 feeling and character, by Commodore Morris, General La Fayette, Dr. 
 Joseph Kent, of Maryland, the Secretary of the Navy, Major-General 
 Brown, General Charles Lallemand, Mr. Custis, of Arlington, General 
 Samuel Smith, of Baltimore, Major Barney, of Baltimore, George 
 Grahame, Esq., Colonel Cox, of Georgetown, Colonel Bentalow, of 
 Baltimore, and General Jones. 
 
 The most touching incident was the address delivered by General 
 Smith, on behalf of the citizens of Baltimore, and General La Fayette's 
 reply. They both burst into tears, and every one present was ovei- 
 come with the emotions excited by the scene. 
 
 The old General once again paid the tribute of respectful gratitude 
 to the ladies of Baltimore, and it is to be remarked that their services 
 were adverted to by him on the first public occasion after his landing 
 at New York, and now again, at the very moment of leaving our 
 shores forever, he renews the expression of his profound gratitude and 
 affection for the ladies of Baltimore. 
 
 When the time for parting came, the barges of the ship bore the 
 sorrowing guests to their respective vessels, while the thunders of the 
 superb Brandywine told the echoes around — the adieu to La Fayette. 
 The day had been boisterous and rainy ; but just as the affecting scene 
 had closed, the sun burst forth and formed a magnificent rainbow, one 
 of whose limbs appeared to rest on the Maryland shore, and the other 
 on that of Virginia ; and the noble ship which bore away the nation's 
 guest, traversing the centre of that brilliant arch, under full sail, on 
 the 8th of September, 1825, entered the Chesapeake bay, and soon 
 the shores of America were shut out from his sight forever. Thus the 
 same sign that appeared in the heavens on the day on which La Fjtyette 
 landed on the American soil, also appeared when he left it, as if nature 
 had reserved to herself, the erection of the first and the last of the 
 numerous triumphal arches, dedicated to him during his extraordinary 
 journey. 
 
 Propitious omen ! Heaven smiles on the good deeds of men ; and 
 sure, if ever there was a sublime and virtuous action to be blessed by 
 heaven and admired by men, it is when a free and grateful people 
 unite to do honor to their friend and benefactor. 
 
Visit to Virginia. 125 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 Fellow-Americans of this generation, in this Centennial year, pon- 
 der well the lessons taught by the life of this great, good, heroic man, 
 for whom your ancestors have exhibited such high admiration and en- 
 thusiastic love. Let the thoughts which a considerate perusal of this 
 narrative will suggest, result in a course of conduct upon the part of all 
 of us that will bring back concord to a divided people. And let us 
 all strive to make the grand Centennial Celebration at Yorktown, a glo- 
 rious consummation of a true Union, under our National Constitution. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 THE DEA.TH (W GENERAL LA FAYETTE— FUNERAL HONORS AND 
 TRIBUTES OF RESPECT TO HIS MEMORY. 
 
 Galignani's Messenger of the 20th of May, 1834, says : 
 
 " With unfeigned regret we announce this melancholy event, which 
 took place at a quarter to five o'clock this morning. The venerable 
 General was born on the ist of September, 1757, and consequently 
 wanted little more than three months to complete the age of seventy- 
 seven. The wondrous scenes, in both the New World and the Old, 
 in which the name of La Fayette was prominently distinguished, are 
 among the most remarkable in the annals of mankind ; and we may 
 safely aver that history does not, in all her records, possess a name 
 which has passed through the searching ordeal of public opinion, even 
 in the darkest and most tempestuous times, more pure and unsullied 
 than his whose death his country is to-day called upon to deplore." 
 
 The death of La Fayette is a loss to the world. America loses in 
 him an early, strenuous, and disinterested champion of her indepen- 
 dence, and Europe loses her most zealous and consistent advocate of 
 the rights of man. Throughout a career eventful beyond that of any 
 m'an alive, this illustrious person kept constantly in view, as the great 
 object of all his exertions, the diffusion of republican principles, the 
 melioration of government, and the elevation of the condition of his 
 fellow-men. The sentiment of sorrow for his loss will be more univer- 
 sal than the death of any other man in the whole world would occa- 
 sion ; for he had made his name dear to every heart by the many 
 exalted virtues of his character, by his philanthropy, his zeal in sup- 
 port of popular institutions, his courage in the battles of liberty, his 
 whole career, public and private, through the long period of nearly 
 four-score years. Pure, consistent, firm, benevolent, animated with 
 ardor that no difficulties could cool, and governed by integrity that 
 no allurements could corrupt, he commanded the respect of even those 
 he opposed, and, dying, will receive the tribute of their grief. 
 
 As soon as the intelligence of his death was received in the United 
 States, on the 21st day of June, 1834, General Andrew Jackson, the 
 President of the United States, sent to Congress the following mes- 
 sage : 
 
Appendix. 127 
 
 To the Senate and House of Representatives : 
 
 The afflicting intelligence of the death of the illustrious La Fayette 
 has been received by me this morning. I have issued the general 
 order enclosed, to cause appropriate honors to be paid by the army 
 and navy to the memory of one so highly venerated and loved by my 
 countrymen ; and whom Providence has been pleased to remove so 
 unexpectedly from the agitating scenes of life. 
 
 Andrew Jackson. 
 
 The enclosed order was in these words : 
 
 Order No. 46. 
 
 Headquarters of the Army, 
 Adjutant-General's Office, 
 
 Washington, June 21, 18J4. 
 The Major-General commanding the army has received, through 
 the War Department, the following " General Order " from the Presi- 
 dent of the United States : 
 
 general order. 
 
 Washington, June 2 r, 1834. 
 
 Information having been received of th^ death of General La Fay- 
 ette, the President considers it due to his own feelings, as well as to 
 the character and services of that distinguished man, to announce the 
 event to the army and navy. 
 
 La Fayette was a citizen of France, but he was the distinguished 
 friend of the United States. \\\ early life he embarked in that con- 
 test which secured freedom and independence to our country. His 
 services and sacrifices constituted a part of our Revolutionary history, 
 and his memory will be second only to that of Washington in the 
 hearts of the American people. In his own country, and in ours, he 
 was the zealous and uniform friend and advocate of national liberty. 
 Consistent in his principles and conduct, he never, during a long life, 
 committed an act which exposed him to just accusation, or which will 
 expose his memory to reproach. Living at a period of great excite- 
 ment, and of moral and political revolutions, engaged in many of the 
 important events which fixed the attention of the world, and invited to 
 guide the destinies of France at two of the most momentous eras of 
 her history, his political integrity and personal disinterestedness have 
 not been called in question. Happy in such a life, he has been happy 
 
128 Appendix. 
 
 in his death. He has been taken from the theatre of action with 
 faculties unimpaired, with a reputation unquestioned, and an object of 
 veneration wherever civilization and the rights of man have extended ; 
 and mourning, as we may and must, his departure, let us rejoice that 
 this associate of Washington has gone, as we humbly hope, to rejoin 
 his illustrious commander, in the fulness of days and of honor. He 
 came in his youth to defend our country ; he came in the maturity of 
 his age to witness her growth in all the elements of prosperity. .And 
 while witnessing these, he received those testimonials of gratitude 
 which proved how strong was his hold upon the affections of the Ameri- 
 can people. One melancholy duty remains to be performed. The last 
 major-general of the Revolutionary army has died. Himself a young 
 and humble participator in the struggles of that period, the President 
 feels called on, as well by personal as public considerations, to direct 
 that appropriate honors be paid to the memory of this distinguished 
 patriot and soldier. He, therefore, orders that the same honors be 
 rendered upon this occasion, at the different military and naval sta- 
 tions, as were observed upon the decease of Washington, the Father 
 of his Country, and his contemporary in arms. 
 
 In ordering this homage to be paid to the memory of one so emi- 
 nent in the field, so wise in council, so endeared in private life, 
 and so well and favorably known in both hemispheres, the President 
 feels assured that he is anticipating the sentiments not of the army 
 and navy only, but of the whole American people. 
 
 Andrew Jackson. 
 
 In obedience to the commands of the President, the following fune- 
 ral honors will be observed at the several stations of the army : 
 
 At daybreak twenty-four guns will be fired in quick succession, and 
 one gun at the interval of every half-hour thereafter till sunset. 
 
 The flags of the several stations will, during the day, be at half- 
 mast. 
 
 The officers of the army will wear crape on the left arm for the period 
 of six months. 
 
 This order will be carried into effect under the direction of the 
 commanding officer of each post and station the day after its recep- 
 tion. 
 
 By command of Major-General Macomb, commanding in chief. 
 
 R. Jones, 
 Adjutant- General. 
 
Appendix. 129 
 
 CIRCULAR. 
 
 To the Commander of each Naval Station : 
 
 Navy Department, June 21, 1834, 
 
 In conformity with the general order from the President of the 
 United States, in honor of the memory of General La Fayette, you 
 will, on the day following the receipt of this, cause twenty-four guns 
 to be fired, in quick succession, at daybreak, and one gun every half- 
 hour thereafter until sunset, and the flags of the several stations will 
 be during the day at half-mast. 
 
 All officers of the Navy and Marine corps will wear crape on the 
 left arm for six months. 
 
 Levi Woodbury. 
 
 Soon after the reception of the President's message, Congress 
 passed a joint resolution, that a committee be appointed to consider 
 and report " by what token of respect and affection it may be proper 
 for the Congress of the United States to express the deep sensibility 
 of the nation on the event of the decease of General La Fayette." 
 
 The following gentlemen were appointed on this committee : 
 
 On the part of the Senate — Mr. Webster, Mr. White, Mr. Calhoun, 
 Mr. Clay, Mr. Forsyth, Mr. Wilkins, Mr. Tyler, Mr. Poindexter, Mr. 
 Benton, Mr. King of Alabama, Mr. Chambers, Mr. Brown, and Mr. 
 Shepley. 
 
 On the part of the House of Representatives — Messrs. John Quincy 
 Adams, chairman ; Rufus Mclntire, Maine ; Henry Hubbard, New 
 Hampshire ; Tristam Burgess, Rhode Island ; Noyes Barbee, Connec- 
 ticut ; Heman Allen, Vermont ; C. C. Cambreling, New York ; James 
 Parker, New Jersey ; Henry A. Muhlenburg, Pennsylvania ; John J. 
 Milligan, Delaware ; Isaac McKim, Maryland ; William S. Archer, 
 Virginia ; Lewis Williams, North Carolina ; Henry L. Pinckney, 
 South Carolina ; James M. Payne, Georgia ; Richard M. Johnson, 
 Kentucky ; John Blair, Tennessee ; Elisha Whittlesey, Ohio ; Phile- 
 mon Thomas, Louisiana ; John Carr, Indiana ; Harry Caze, Missis- 
 sippi ; Joseph Duncan, Illinois ; John Murphy, Alabama ; William 
 H. Ashley, Mississippi. 
 
 On the 24th of June, Mr. Adams presented the following report of 
 
 the committee : 
 17 
 
130 APPENDIX. 
 
 1. Resolved, That the two Houses have received, with the profoundest sensibility, 
 intelligence of the death of General La Fayette, the friend of the United States, 
 the friend of Washington, and the friend of liberty. 
 
 2. Resolved, That the sacrifices and efforts of this illustrious person, in the cause 
 of our country, during her struggle for independence, and the affectionate interest 
 which he has at all times manifested for the success of her political institutions, 
 claim from the Government and people of the United States an expression of con- 
 dolence for his loss, veneration for his virtues, and gratitude for his services. 
 
 3. Resolved, That the President of the United States be requested to address, 
 together with a copy of the above resolutions, a letter to George Washington La 
 Fayette, and the other members of his family, assuring them of the condolence of 
 this whole nation in their irreparable bereavement. 
 
 4. Resolved, That the members of the two Houses of Congress will wear a batlge 
 of mourning for thirty days, and that it be recommended to the people of the 
 United States to wear a similar badge for the same period. 
 
 5. Resolved, That the halls of the Houses be dressed in mourning for the residue 
 of the session. « 
 
 6. Resolved, That John Quincy Adams be requested to deliver an oration on the 
 life and character of General La Fayette before the two Houses of Congress at 
 the next session. 
 
 These resolutions were unanimously adopted. 
 
 FUNERAL HONORS IN RICHMOND. 
 
 The volunteers of the city held a meeting at the Eagle Hotel, on 
 Tuesday evening, the 24th of June, 1834, at which Captain John 
 B. Richardson was called to the chair, and Mr. J. A. Sherman and 
 Mr. Enoch S. Courtney were appointed secretaries. The meeting 
 passed the following resolutions : 
 
 Resohed, That Monday next be set apart as the day on which the volunteers of 
 Richmond will pay a soldier's last tribute of respect to the memory of the 
 lamented La Fayette. 
 
 Resolved, That Lieutenant Werth, Lieutenant Smith, Sergeant Kent, and John 
 Cosby, of the Richmond Light Dragoons ; Lieutenant Dixon, Lieutenant Tomp- 
 kins, Sergeant Cooke, and William F. Watson, of the Light Infantry Blues; 
 Lieutenant Hyde, Lieutenant HoUins, Sergeant Hazlewood, and Samuel Cary, of 
 Richmond P\ayette Artillery; and Lieutenant Burton, Lieutenant Tinsley, Ser- 
 geant Sherman, and Nathaniel August, of the W. R. Corps, be appointed a com- 
 mittee to cooperate with the committees of citizens and others in making the 
 necessary arrangements for the finieral honors and procession. 
 
 On the 26th of June, the citizens held a meeting in the City 
 Hall, of which Joseph Tate was chairman, and Thomas B. Bigger 
 secretary. They resolved that the meeting highly approved of 
 the prompt action of the volunteers, and that they would unite with 
 
Appendix. 131 
 
 them in the solemnities to be observed on Monday next, and appointed 
 John Brockenbrough, James Rawlings, John A. Lancaster, Samuel 
 Sublett, William D. Wren, and Martin Drewry, to cooperate with the 
 volunteers and Masonic committees in effecting the objects of the 
 meeting. 
 
 In pursuance of these resolutions, the different committees executed 
 the duties imposed on them with great industry, and on Monday, the 
 30th of 'yune, i8j4, the procession took place in the following order: 
 
 Detachment of Dragoons. 
 
 Hearse, with Six Pall-Bearers. 
 
 Clergy. 
 
 French Consul and Citizens, with Tri-Colored Flag. 
 
 Revolutionary Officers and Soldiers. 
 
 Judges and Officers of Federal and State Courts. 
 
 Mayor and other City Authorities. 
 
 Chesterfield Dragoons. 
 
 Richmond Dragoons. 
 
 Richmond Fayette Artillery. 
 
 Public Guard. 
 
 Richmond Light Infantry Blues. 
 
 Washington Rifle Corps. 
 
 The Masonic Fraternity. 
 
 Citizens on Foot. 
 
 Citizens in Carriages. 
 
 Citzens on Horseback. 
 
 The following gentlemen acted as marshals : Chief Marshal, Gene- 
 ral Lambert ; assistants, Colonel Carrington, Colonel Munford, Mr. 
 Walter D. Blair, Mr. James W. Dibrell, Mr. Thomas G. Moncure, and 
 Mr. Samuel Sublett. 
 
 The morning was ushered in by the discharge of twenty-four minute- 
 guns, and the procession was formed on E street (or Main), the right 
 of the military resting on and fronting the northeast corner of the 
 Union Hotel, and marched up E to Fifth street, along Fifth to H 
 (Broad), and down H street to the First Baptist church, the bells of 
 the city tolling during the time. The house was soon filled to over- 
 flowing by ladies and gentlemen and the Masonic fraternity. The 
 services were opened by an impressive prayer from the Rt. Reverend 
 Bishop Moore, followed by the Rev. Stephen Taylor, of the Presbyte- 
 rian ohurch, who delivered, without study or preparation, some perti- 
 nent remarks. The Rev. Mr. Hinton, pastor of the church, also ad- 
 dressed the Throne of Grace. These solemn and respectful ceremonies 
 were closed by the Masonic brethren, and everything done was calcu- 
 
132 Appendix. 
 
 lated to show that the veneration of the people for the departed patriot 
 was deep and sincere. The day was closed by the firing of twenty- 
 four minute-guns by the Fayette Artillery. 
 
 Similar evidences of the grief of the people and honors to the mem- 
 ory of General La Fayette were displayed everywhere throughout the 
 nation. 
 
 No man has died in this century, who has been more universally 
 lamented, honored, and loved, by all the people of the United States. 
 
insriD'Ex: 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Introduction 3 
 
 La Fayette's services for American independence 7 
 
 General La Fayette and President Monroe 9 
 
 Departure for Washington and reception in Alexandria 10 
 
 Visit to Mount Vernon 12 
 
 Sketch of reception at York ; classic scenes in Virginia history 15 
 
 Description of scenes at York , 16 
 
 Preliminary meetings in Richmond; the Governor's invitation 17 
 
 Arrangements for order of celebration 19 
 
 Landing of La Fayette 21 
 
 Mr. Leigh's address 22 
 
 General La Fayette's reply 23 
 
 Governor Pleasants's address 24 
 
 General La Fayette's reply to the Governor 25 
 
 Introductions 25 
 
 La Fayette's personal appearance 26 
 
 Nineteenth of October — anniversary of the surrender at York 27 
 
 Colonel William J. Lewis's speech — 27 
 
 General Taylor's address 28 
 
 General La Fayette's reply 30 
 
 Grand review 31 
 
 Public dinner in the marquee 32 
 
 Toasts 32 
 
 Volunteer toasts 33 
 
 Breakfast in the tent of Washington 35 
 
 Departure of the Volunteers 36 
 
 End of the celebration at York 36 
 
 Description of the arches, obelisks, &c 37 
 
 The officers in command at York 39 
 
 The troops who were present 39 
 
 La Fayette's quarter-guard 39 
 
 General officers of the Revolution in 1781 40 
 
 Reflections on the celebration at York 41 
 
 La Fayette in the tent of Washington 42 
 
 General La Fayette's movements — Reception at Williamsburg 42 
 
134 Index. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The General's address » .... 42 
 
 Keception at Norfolk 43 
 
 Mayor Holt's address 45 
 
 Procession of little girls 45 
 
 Illumination of the town 45 
 
 Civic banquet 46 
 
 Clirist Church > 46 
 
 Toasts drunk at the banquet. 47 
 
 Volunteer toasts ~ 47 
 
 Reception in Richmond 49 
 
 Order of the day 49 
 
 Order of procession 50 
 
 La Fayette in Richmond 51 
 
 Introduction to Revolutionary officers 52 
 
 Dinner at the Eagle 53 
 
 Toasts by various persons 53 
 
 Order of the day for Wednesday, October 27th „ 56 
 
 Mayor of Richmond's address 58 
 
 La Fayette's reply — 58 
 
 Chief-Justice Marshall's address 59 
 
 The General's reply 61 
 
 Introduction to ladies at the marquee 61 
 
 Scene on the Square ; visit to the Theatre 62 
 
 Order of the day for Thursday, October 28th 62 
 
 Reception of Mr. and Mrs Turner's school 63 
 
 Reception of male and female Sabbath-schools 63 
 
 Visit to the race-field at Tree Hill 63 
 
 Jockey-Club dinner.. 64 
 
 Sabbath-schools honor La Fayette 65 
 
 James Dove's speech 65 
 
 Susan Norris recites verses in his honor 66 
 
 Madison Street's speech 67 
 
 The General's reply 67 
 
 List of Revolutionary officers present at Richmond and at York 67 
 
 Masonic dinner and toasts 67 
 
 Description of the arches, obelisks, &c., on the Capitol Square 70 
 
 La Fayette in Petersburg 78 
 
 Lewis Mabry's address 79 
 
 General La Fayette's reply 80 
 
 Banquet at Mr. Niblo's 80 
 
 Toasts 81 
 
 Ball at the Theatre 83 
 
 Assemblage of children on Poplar Lawn 85 
 
 Mr. Disosway's address 85 
 
 Ellen Pearce recites poetry 86 
 
 Collation at Niblo's 86 
 
 Departure from Petersburg 87 
 
Index. 135 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Departure from Richmond , 88 
 
 On his way to Monticello 88 
 
 Honors in Goochland and Fhivanna 89 
 
 Reception in Albemarle. ./rTl 90 
 
 William C. Rives addresses him 90 
 
 Arrival at Monticello 91 
 
 Pathetic meeting between Jefferson and La Fayette 91 
 
 Reception at Charlottesville and University 91 
 
 William F. Gordon's address and the General's reply 92 
 
 Dinner in the rotunda.... "rrTT , ; 92 
 
 Mr. Jefferson's speech 93 
 
 Mr. Madison's response to a toast 94 
 
 Reception at Gordonsville 9,5 
 
 Arrival at Montpelier 95 
 
 Reception at Orange Courthouse 96 
 
 Mr. Madison's speech 96 
 
 Reception in Fredericksburg 98 
 
 Town illuminated 99 
 
 Visit to Fredericksburg Lodge, No. 4 100 
 
 The Worshipful Master's address 100 
 
 The General's reply 100 
 
 Dinner at Mr. Gray's Tavern 101 
 
 Passage through Stafford 102 
 
 "Farewell, My Little Guards" 102 
 
 Committee of arrangements 102 
 
 Visit to James Monroe at Oakhill , 103 
 
 Incident with the toll-gate keeper 103 
 
 Reception at Leesburg 104 
 
 Public dinner .....VtT , 106 
 
 Mr. Adams's remarks 106 
 
 Mr. Monroe's speech 107 
 
 Toasts '. 108 
 
 Mr. Adams's remarks and toast 108 
 
 A scene full of simplicity and pathos 109 
 
 Return to Virginia and farewell visit to Jefferson 110 
 
 Dinner at the LTniversity 110 
 
 Reception at Culpeper and Jeffersonton Ill 
 
 Reception at Warrenton 113 
 
 Inman Horner's address 113 
 
 Dinner at Mrs. NoitIs's Tavern 114 
 
 Mr. Monroe's reply to a toast II4 
 
 Chief-Justice Marshall's address 115 
 
 Mr. Cowles's Little Guards 117 
 
 New Baltimore and Buckland 117 
 
 Dinner to La Fayette by the Congress of the United States 117 
 
 Departure of La Fayette from America 119 
 
 President Adams's farewell address 120 
 
136 Index. i3^^^;^^ , 
 
 ?^ ^ PAGE. « 
 
 The General's farewell reply ; 121 * 
 
 Sorrowful and solemn parting « 121 
 
 Rainbow seen as La Fayette leaves America „ 124 ' 
 
 Conclusion.. 125 
 
 Appendix. — Death of La Fayette 126 i 
 
 President .Jackson announces his death to Congress ' 127 
 
 General orders ~ 127 
 
 Resolutions of Congress 129 
 
 Funeral obsequies in Richmond 130 
 
 Erkatum.— For the word "August," in the second line, under the heading "Preliminary 
 Meetings in Richmond," on the 17th page, read "July."